,illu/ration ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,vegetables ,,& ,,fl[]s ,,f ,,se$s ,,& ,,roots ,,by ,,sutton ,,& ,,sons ,,read+ ,,sixte5? ,,edition ,,london ,,simpk91 ,,m>%all1 ,,hamilton1 ,,k5t ,,co2 ,,ltd4 #aiba ,all rights res]v$ ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,spottiswoode1 ,,ballantyne ,,& ,,co4 ,,ltd4 ,,london1 ,,col*e/] ,,& ,,eton ,cont5ts ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,vegetables ,a ,,ye>',s ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,vegetable ,,g>d5 ,,janu>y ,,febru>y ,,m>* ,,april ,,may ,,june ,,july ,,augu/ ,,septemb] ,,octob] ,,novemb] ,,decemb] ,,! ,,rotation ,,( ,,crops ,,9 ,,! ,,vegetable ,,g>d5 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,g>d5 ,,crops ,,artificial ,,manures ,,& ,,_! ,,application ,,to ,,g>d5 ,,crops ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,fl[]s ,,f ,,se$s ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,fl[]+ ,,bulbs ,,fl[]s ,,all ,,! ,,ye> ,,r\nd ,,f ,,se$s ,,& ,,roots ,,! ,,pe/s ,,( ,,g>d5 ,,plants ,,! ,,fungus ,,pe/s ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,g>d5 ,,plants ,,! ,,fungus ,,pe/s ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,fl[]s ,,index ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,vegetables ,horticulture has a full %>e 9 ! progressive "* ( ! age4 ,*anges h be5 effect$ 9 ! ,kit*5 ,g>d5 :i* are q z rem>kable z ! alt]$ me?ods ( locomotion1 light+ & sanitation4 ,vegetables are gr[n 9 great] v>iety1 ( high] quality1 & are s5t to table bo? e>li] & lat] 9 ! season ?an 0 consid]$ possible by g>d5]s ( =m] g5]ations4 ,:5 ,p>k9son direct$ 8 read]s to prep>e ,melons = eat+ by mix+ ) ! pulp #8salt & pepp] & good /ore ( w9e1' he mu/ h be5 famili> ) fruit diff]+ widely f ! sup]b v>ieties :i* are n[ 9 fav\r4 ,a k9dr$ plant1 ! ,cucumb]1 is m prolific ?an ev]1 & ! fruits w9 admiration = _! symmetrical =m4 ,! ,tomato has ceas$ to be a summ] luxury = ! few1 & is n[ priz$ z a delicacy ?r\gh\t ! ye> by all classes ( ! community4 ,z a result ( ! hybridis]'s skill mod]n ,potatoes produce heavi] crops1 less liable to succumb to ! attacks ( disease1 ?an ! old v>ieties1 & ! f9e/ table quality has be5 ma9ta9$4 ,peas are n :at !y 7 because !y are s imm5sely bett]4 ,:ile ! p[]s ( ! plant h be5 conc5trat$1 ) ! result t x occupies less room & occasions less tr\ble1 its productiv5ess has be5 augm5t$ & ! quality improv$4 ,all ! pulse tribe h %>$ 9 ! advance1 & a comp>ison ( any doz5 or score ( ! fav\rite sorts ( ,peas or ,beans gr[n to-day ) ! same numb] ( fav\rites ( half or ev5 a qu>t] ( a c5tury s9ce w at once prove t progress 9 horticulture is no dream ( ! en?usia/4 ,among ! ,brassicas1 su* z ,broccoli1 ,brussels ,spr\ts1 ,cabbage & ,caulifl[]1 a s]ies ( rem>kable examples might be m5tion$2 & roots su* z ,beet1 ,c>rot1 ,onion1 ,radi% & ,turnip af=d o!r /rik+ in/ances ( improvem5t4 ,salads also1 includ+ ,cel]y1 ,*icory1 ,endive & ,lettuce1 h p>ticipat$ 9 ! b5eficial *ange & (f] a l>ge *oice ( da9ties1 adapt$ to v>i\s p]iods ( ! ye>4 ,inde$ x may be truly said t none ( ! occupants ( ! vegetable g>d5 h refus$ to be improv$ by sci5tific cross+ & selection4 ,! vegetables :i* are available = daily use (f] a wide & mo/ int]e/+ field to ! exp]t 9 select+ & hybridis+4 ,= pa/ a*ievem5ts we are indebt$ to ! untir+ lab\rs ( speciali/s1 & to _! cont9u$ ef=ts we look = fur!r results4 ,:e!r ! future may h 9 /ore great] *anges ?an h already be5 witness$ none c tell4 ,"o ?+ only is c]ta91 t f9ality is unatta9able1 & ! k ( ?is fact adds to ! *>m ( a fasc9at+ pursuit4 ,happily1 innovations are no long] receiv$ ) ! suspicion or ho/ility !y =m]ly enc\nt]$4 ,9 g>d5s conduct$ ) a _s ( ent]prise novelties are welcome & h an imp>tial trial4 ,! prud5t g>d5] w reg>d ^! s[+s z purely exp]im5tal1 made = ! express purpose ( asc]ta9+ :e!r bett] crops c be secur$ 9 future ye>s4 ,= 8 pr9cipal supplies he w rely on ^? v>ieties :i* exp]i5ce has prov$ to be suitable = ! soil & adapt$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! h\sehold he has to s]ve4 ,by gr[+ ! be/ ( ev]y?+1 & gr[+ ev]y?+ well1 n only is ! f9e/ produce insur$ 9 abundance1 b e ye> ! g>d5 pres5ts new features ( int]e/4 ,9 consid]+ ! g5]al ord] ( "w 9 ! ,kit*5 ,g>d51 ! fir/ pr9ciple is t its productive p[]s %all be tax$ to ! utmo/4 ,!re ne$ be no fall[+--no re/+ ( ! gr\nd2 & if x %\ld s happ5 t by h>d cropp+ p]plexity arises ab\t ! disposal ( produce1 ! prov]bial ?ree c\rses are op5--to sell1 to give1 or to dig ! /uff 9 z manure4 ,! la/-nam$ c\rse w pay well1 especially 9 ! disposal ( ! rema9s ( ,cabbage1 ,kale1 ,turnips1 & o!r vegetables t h /ood ?r\gh ! w9t] & occupy gr\nd requir$ = spr+ se$s4 ,bury !m 9 tr5*es1 & s[ ,peas1 ,beans1 c41 ov] !m1 & 9 due "t full value w be obta9$ = ! buri$ crops & ! lab\r be/[$ ^u !m4 ,b h>d cropp+ implies abundant manur+ & incessant /irr+ ( ! soil4 ,to take mu* (f & put little on is l burn+ ! c&le at bo? ends1 or expect+ ! :ip to be an effici5t sub/itute = corn :5 ! horse has extra "w to d4 ,dig deep always3 if ! soil be %all[ x is advisable to turn ! top spit 9 ! usual mann]1 & break up ! subsoil ?or\ghly = ano!r twelve or fifte5 in*es4 ,:]e ! soil is deep & ! /aple good1 tr5* a piece e ye> two spits deep1 ! autumn be+ ! be/ "t = ?is "w1 because ( ! imm5se b5efit :i* results f ! exposure ( newly turn$ soil to ra91 sn[1 fro/1 & ! re/ ( ,nature's great army ( f]tilis+ ag5cies4 ,9 practical "w !re is no?+ l me?od4 ,crop ! gr\nd sy/ematically1 z if an acc\nt ( ! proc$ure _h to be laid be=e a committee ( sev]e critics4 ,con/antly =eca/ future "w & ! disposition ( ! gr\nd = v>i\s crops1 keep+ 9 m9d ! proportions !y %\ld be> to ea* o!r4 ,be p>ticul> to h a suffici5cy ( ! flav\r+ & g>ni%+ h]bs always ready & ne> at h&4 ,^! are sometimes want$ sudd5ly1 & 9 a well-ord]$ g>d5 x %\ld n be difficult to ga!r a tuft ( ,p>sley 9 ! d>k4 ,*ange crops f place to place1 s z to avoid gr[+ ! same ?+s on ! same plots 9 two successive seasons4 ,?is rule1 ?\gh ( great importance1 _c be /rictly foll[$1 & may be disreg>d$ to a c]ta9 ext5t :]e ! l& is con/antly & heavily manur$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ( m consequ5ce 9 connection ) ! ,potato ?an ) aught else1 & ?is valuable root %\ld1 if possible1 be gr[n on a diff]5t plot e ye>1 s t x %all be ?ree or f\r ye>s 9 travell+ r\nd ! g>d54 ,la/ly1 s[ ev]y?+ 9 drills at ! prop] di/ances ap>t4 ,broadca/+ is a slov5ly mode ( s[+1 & necessitates slov5ly cultivation aft]w>ds4 ,:5 crops are 9 drills !y c be effici5tly ?9n$1 we$$ & ho$--9 o!r words1 !y c be cultivat$4 ,b broadca/+ pretty well excludes ! cultivator f ! l&1 & c only be comm5d$ to ! idle man1 :o w be cont5t ) half a crop ( poor quality1 :ile ! l& may be capable ( produc+ a crop at once ! heavie/ & ! be/4 ,,globe ,,arti*oke ,cyn>a ,scolymus ,! ,globe ,arti*oke is gr[n ma9ly = ! sake ( its fl[]-heads :i* make a delightful di% :5 cook$ :ile immature4 ,! plant is easily rais$ f se$1 al?\gh n q h>dy 9 "s di/ricts4 ,x w gr[ on almo/ any soil1 b = ! production ( l>ge fle%y heads1 deep ri* gr\nd is requisite4 ,! prep>ation ( ! soil %\ld be lib]al1 & ap>t f ! use ( animal manure ! plant may be greatly aid$ by wood-a%es & seawe$1 = x is p>tial to sal9e manures1 its home be+ ! s&y sea%ores ( ,nor!rn ,africa4 ,! simple/ r\t9e ( cultivation consi/s 9 s[+ annually1 & all[+ ea* plantation to /& to ! close ( ! second season4 ,se$ may be s[n 9 ,febru>y 9 boxes ( light soil1 or 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 ,m>* or ,april4 ,9 ! =m] case1 put 9 ! se$s "o in* deep & f\r in*es ap>t1 & />t !m 9 g5tle heat4 ,gr[ on ! se$l+s /eadily1 & ?or\ghly h>d5 (f prep>atory to plant+ out at ! end ( ,april1 giv+ ea* a space ( ?ree to f\r feet ap>t ea* way4 ,"u fav\rable conditions ! plants f ! ,febru>y s[+ w produce heads 9 ! foll[+ ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 & ,octob]4 ,9 ! second ye>1 ! heads w be =m$ dur+ ,june & ,july4 ,?is arrangem5t n only insures a supply ( heads f ,june to ,octob]1 b admits ( a m effective rotation ( crops 9 ! g>d54 ,s[+s 9 ! op5 gr\nd %\ld be made 9 ,m>* or ,april1 9 drills "o foot ap>t4 ,?9 out ! plants to six in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s & all[ !m to /& until ! foll[+ spr+1 :5 !y may be transplant$ to p]man5t b$s4 ,globe ,arti*okes may also be gr[n f suck]s plant$ out 9 ,april :5 ab\t n9e in*es high4 ,put !m 9 r deep1 tread 9 firmly1 & lay on any r\gh mul* t may be h&y4 ,%\ld ! wea!r be dry !y w require wat]+1 & dur+ a hot dry spell wat] & liquid manure %\ld be giv5 freely to insure a good supply ( l>ge heads4 ,se$l+s t are />t$ well 9 a suitable b$ take bett] c>e ( !mselves ?an d plants f suck]s1 especially 9 a dry season4 ,vigor\s se$l+s s5d d[n _! roots to a great dep?4 ,to advise on we$+ & hoe+ = ! promotion ( a clean & /rong gr[? %\ld be ne$less1 because all crops require su* att5tion4 ,b z to ! production ( l>ge heads1 a few words ( advice may be useful4 ,x is ! practice ) "s gr[]s to twi/ a piece ( wire r\nd ! /em ab\t ?ree in*es bel[ ! head4 ,?is c]ta9ly does t5d to increase ! size1 b ! same end may be accompli%$ by o!r means4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 a ri* deep b$ & abundant supplies ( wat] w enc\rage ! gr[? ( f9e heads4 ,fur!r aid 9 ! same direction w be d]iv$ f ! removal ( all ! lat]al heads t appe> :5 !y are ab\t z l>ge z an egg4 ,up to ?is /age !y d n tax ! en]gies ( ! plants 9 any great degree2 b z ! fl[]s are =m+ )9 !m _! dem&s increase rapidly4 ,_! removal1 !re=e1 has an imm$iate effect on ! ma9 heads1 & ^! atta9 to l>ge dim5sions )\t ! aid ( wire4 ,! small heads w be valu$ at _m tables = eat+ raw1 z !y are eat5 9 ,italy1 or cook$ z #8arti*auts frits4' ,! l>g] ma9 heads are ! be/ = s]v+ boil$ 9 ! usual way4 ,aft] ! heads are us$ ! plants %\ld be cut d[n4 ,*>ds are ! blan*$ summ] gr[? ( ,globe ,arti*okes1 & are by _m pref]r$ to blan*$ ,c>doons4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ,july ! plants select$ = ,*>ds mu/ be cut ov] ab\t six in*es above ! gr\nd4 ,9 a few days aft] ?is op]ation !y w ne$ a copi\s wat]+1 :i* %\ld be repeat$ weekly1 except :5 heavy ra9s occur4 ,by ! end ( ,septemb] ! plants w h made mu* gr[? & be ready = blan*+4 ,draw !m toge!r1 put a b& ( hay or /raw ar\nd !m1 & e>? !m up1 f9i%+ ! "w neatly4 ,! blan*+ w take fully six weeks1 dur+ :i* "t !re w be b little gr[? made--h5ce ! necessity = promot+ free gr[? be=e e>?+ up4 ,any ,*>ds n us$ be=e w9t] sets 9 may be lift$ & pres]v$ by pack+ 9 s& 9 a dry %$4 ,! ,arti*oke is h>dy on dry soils :5 ! w9t] is ( only av]age sev]ity4 ,b on ret5tive soils1 :i* are mo/ fav\rable to ! production ( f9e heads1 a sev]e w9t] w de/roy ! plantations unless !y h "s k9d ( protection4 ,! usual c\rse ( proc$ure is to cut d[n ! /ems & l>ge leaves )\t t\*+ ! small] c5tral leaves1 &1 :5 sev]e fro/ appe>s probable1 p>tially e>? up ! r[s ) soil tak5 f betwe52 ?is protection is /r5g!n$ by ! addition ( light dry litt] loosely ?r[n ov]4 ,) ! return ( spr+ ! litt] is remov$1 ! e>? is dug back1 & all ! suck]s b ab\t ?ree remov$3 !n a lib]al dress+ ( manure is dug 91 c>e be+ tak5 to d z little injury to ! plants above & bel[ gr\nd z possible4 ,at ! end ( five ye>s a plantation w be q worn out2 9 some:at poor soil x w be exhau/$ 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,b on any k9d ( soil ! cultivation ( ?is elegant vegetable is greatly simplifi$ by s[+ annually1 & all[+ ! plants to /& = two ye>s only1 z already advis$4 ,,j]usalem ,,arti*oke ,helian?us tub]osus ,! ,j]usalem ,arti*oke is a memb] ( ! ,sunfl[] tribe1 q h>dy1 & productive ( :olesome roots t are 9 fav\r ) _m z a delicacy1 & by o!rs are reg>d$ z wor?less4 ,x is said t wise m5 le>n to eat e good ?+ ! e>? produces1 & ?is root is a good ?+ :5 prop]ly s]v$2 b :5 cook$ 9 ! same way z a ,potato x c]ta9ly is a v poor vegetable inde$4 ,x is a matt] ( "s int]e/1 h[ev]1 t 9 respect ( nutritive value x is ab\t equal to ! ,potato2 !re=e1 9 gr[+ x = dome/ic use no?+ is lo/ 9 ! way ( food1 ?\gh x ne$s to be cook$ 9 a diff]5t way4 ,! ,j]usalem ,arti*oke w gr[ any:]e2 inde$1 x w (t5 yield a pr(itable return on l& :i* is unsuitable = any o!r crop1 b to insure a f9e sample x requires a deep friable loam & an op5 situation4 ,we h gr[n imm5se crops on a /rong deep clay1 b x is n a clay plant1 because x soon suff]s f any excess ( moi/ure4 ,to prep>e ! gr\nd well = ?is crop is a matt] ( importance1 = x roots freely & makes an imm5se top-gr[?1 rea*+1 :5 v vigor\s1 a height ( t5 or twelve feet4 ,tr5* & manure 9 autumn1 & leave ! l& r\gh = ! w9t]4 ,plant 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 us+ :ole or cut sets ) ab\t ?ree eyes to ea*1 & put !m 9 tr5*es six in*es deep & ?ree feet ap>t1 ! sets be+ "o foot ap>t 9 ! tr5*es4 ,:5 ! plants appe>1 hoe ! gr\nd betwe51 draw a little f9e e>? to ! /ems1 & leave ! re/ to ,nature4 ,take up a portion ( ! crop 9 ,novemb] & /ore 9 s& & dig ! rema9d] :5 want$1 z recomm5d$ 9 ! case ( ,p>snips4 ,! tub]s mu/ be dug ) a =k by op5+ tr5*es & clean+ out e scrap ( ! roots1 = :atev] rema9s w gr[ & become tr\blesome 9 ! foll[+ season4 ,,asp>agus ,asp>agus (fic9alis ,asp>agus is a liliace\s plant ( p]5nial duration1 & x dem&s m g5]\s treatm5t ?an ! majority ( ,kit*5 ,g>d5 crops4 ,"u fav\rable conditions x improves ) age to su* an ext5t z to ju/ify ! be/ possible cultivation4 ,plantations t h /ood & prosp]$ = tw5ty or ev5 ?irty ye>s are n uncommon1 b a fair av]age t]m is t5 ye>s1 aft] :i* x is g5]ally advisable to break up a b$1 ! precaution be+ fir/ tak5 to secure a succession b$ on fre% soil well prep>$ = ! purpose4 ,plantations are made ei!r by s[+ se$s or f transplant$ roots2 & al?\gh roots are extremely s5sitive :5 mov$1 success c1 z a rule1 be insur$ by special c>e & prompt action1 assum+ t ! prop] "t ( ye> is *os5 = ! op]ation4 ,! advantage ( us+ roots is ! sav+ ( "t1 & 9 mo/ g>d5s ?is is an important consid]ation4 ,=tunately roots may be plant$ almo/ z safely :5 two or ?ree ye>s old z at "o ye>4 ,soil4--,asp>agus w gr[ 9 any soil t is well cultivat$2 a deep ri* s&y loam be+ especially suitable4 ,calc>e\s soil is by no means unfav\rable to ,asp>agus2 /ill1 a s& ri* 9 humus is n ! less to be desir$1 z ! f9e/ samples ( ,european gr[? are ! produce ( ! di/ricts ar\nd ,p>is & ,brussels4 ,! ,london ,asp>agus1 :i* is priz$ by _m = its full flav\r & t5d]ness1 is = ! mo/ "p gr[n ne> at h&1 9 deep alluvial soils enri*$ ) abundance ( manure4 ,nature gives u ! key to e secret t conc]ns our happ9ess1 & on ! cultivation ( ,asp>agus %e is lib]al 9 h] tea*+4 ,! plant is f\nd gr[+ wild on ! s&y coa/s ( ! ,briti% ,isl&s--a pro( t x loves s& & salt4 ,prep>ation ( ,gr\nd4--,! r\t9e cultivation mu/ beg9 ) a ?or\gh prep>ation ( ! gr\nd4 ,effici5t dra9age is imp]ative1 = /agnant wat] 9 ! subsoil is fatal to ! plant4 ,b a ri* loam does n ne$ ! extravagant manur+ t has be5 recomm5d$ & practis$4 ,deep digg+ &1 :]e ! subsoil is good1 tr5*+ may be recomm5d$1 b an av]age manur+ w suffice1 because ,asp>agus c be effectually aid$ by annual top-dress+s1 & prop] surface culture is ( great importance 9 ! subsequ5t /ages4 ,x is necess>y to *oose an op5 spot = ! plantation4 ,prep>ation ( ! gr\nd %\ld comm5ce 9 ! autumn & be cont9u$ ?r\gh ! w9t]1 a heavy dress+ ( half-rott5 /able manure be+ put on 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & tr5*$ 9 two feet deep4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a mon? ! :ole piece %\ld be tr5*$ back4 ,if lab\r is at comm& a ?ird tr5*+ may be done ) advantage1 & ! surface may be left ridg$ up until ! "t arrives to level x = se$+4 ,x w be obvi\s t ?is r\t9e is ( a some:at co/ly "*1 b we are suppos+ ! plantation is to rema9 = _m ye>s1 mak+ an abundant return = ! fir/ inve/m5t4 ,/ill we are b\nd to say t a capital supply = a mod]ate table may be obta9$ by prep>+ a piece ( good gr\nd 9 an op5 situation 9 a q ord9>y mann] ) "o deep digg+ 9 w9t]1 add+ at ! "t "s six in*es or s ( fat /able manure1 & leav+ x ?us until ! "t arrives = s[+ ! se$4 ,!n x w be well to level d[n & po9t 91 half a spade deep1 a ?9 coat ( decay$ manure to make a nice k9dly se$-b$4 ,:]e soil kn[n to be unsuitable1 su* z a damp clay or pa/y loam1 has to be prep>$ = ,asp>agus1 x w be f\nd an economical practice to remove ! top spit1 :i* we w suppose to be turf or old cultivat$ soil1 & on ! space s cle>$ make up a b$ ( ! be/ possible mat]ials at comm&4 ,t[>ds ?is mixture !re is ! top spit j ref]r$ to4 ,add any available lime rubbi% f de/roy$ build+s1 s&1 peat1 leaf-m\ld1 surface soil rak$ f ! re> ( ! %rubb]ies1 c41 & ! result %\ld be a good compo/ obta9$ at an almo/ nom9al co/4 ,size ( ,b$1 & ,s[+ ,se$4--,at ?is juncture sev]al que/ions ( consid]able importance arise4 ,& fir/1 :e!r ! crop %all be gr[n on ! flat or 9 rais$ b$s4 ,:]e ! soil is suffici5tly deep1 & ! dra9age p]fect1 ! flat sy/em answ]s well4 ,! advantages ( rais$ b$s are t !y deep5 ! soil1 assi/ ! dra9age1 promote w>m?1 & ?us aid ! gr[? ( an e>ly crop4 ,9 fact1 rais$ b$s r5d] x possible to gr[ ,asp>agus on soils f :i* ?is vegetable c\ld n o!rwise be obta9$4 ,! prep>ation is ! same 9 ei!r case1 & !re=e we %all make no fur!r allusion to flat b$s1 b leave ^? to adopt !m :o f9d _! soil & requirem5ts suitable4 ,n[ comes ! "q ( di/ance1 on :i* dep5ds ! wid? ( ! b$s4 ,! fir/ po9t may be settl$ by ! measure ( ! plant1 & ! second by ! measure ( ! man4 ,mon/] /icks are valu$ at "s tables1 & we %all ref] to ^! lat] on1 b an abundant crop ( h&some1 ?\gh n abnormal1 ,asp>agus meets ! requirem5ts ( mo/ h\seholds4 ,aft] _m exp]im5ts1 we h come to ! conclusion t ! be/ mode ( insur+ a full return ( really good /icks1 ) ! lea/ am\nt ( lab\r1 is to lay out ! l& 9 ?ree-feet b$s1 ) two-feet alleys betwe54 ,9 "s in/ances1 no d\bt1 five-feet b$s1 conta9+ ?ree r[s ( roots1 "o d[n ! middle & "o on ea* side at a di/ance ( eighte5 in*es1 are pref]able4 ,= ! majority ( g>d5s1 h[ev]1 ! ?ree-feet b$ is a di/9ct advantage1 7 x only = ! fact t all excuse = putt+ a foot on ! b$ is avoid$4 ,on ?is n>r[ b$ only two r[s ( plants w be necess>y4 ,put d[n ! l9e at n9e in*es f ! edge on bo? sides1 & at int]vals ( fifte5 in*es 9 ! r[s dibble holes two in*es deep1 dropp+ two or ?ree se$s 9 ea*4 ,?is w give a di/ance betwe5 ! r[s ( eighte5 in*es4 ,9 v /rong l&1 heavily manur$1 ! holes may be eighte5 in*es ap>t in/ead ( fifte54 ,april is ! "r mon? = s[+4 ,?9n+4--,:5 ! #8grass' f se$s has gr[n ab\t six in*es high1 only ! /ronge/ plant mu/ be left at ea* /ation1 & !y %\ld f9ally /& at a di/ance ( fifte5 or eighte5 in*es 9 ! r[4 ,mu* ( ! injury report$ to foll[ f close plant+ has be5 ! result ( c>elessness 9 ?9n+4 ,! "y plant is su* a sl5d]1 delicate ?+1 t1 to ! ?\ghtless op]ator1 x seems folly to ?9 d[n to "o only4 ,! consequ5ce is t two or ?ree1 or p]haps half a doz51 plants are left at ea* /ation to #8fight x out1' & ^! become s int]mix$ z to appe> to be "o1 ?\gh really _m1 & ( c\rse among/ !m !y produce m %oots ?an c be f$ prop]ly by ! limit$ range ( _! roots4 ,sev]e1 or may we say ma!matical1 ?9n+ is a s9e qu non1 & x requires %>p eyes & c>eful f+]s2 b x mu/ be done if ! ,asp>agus b$s are to become1 z !y %\ld be1 ! pride ( ! ,kit*5 ,g>d54 ,blan*+4--,! grave "q ( :ite v]sus gre5 ,asp>agus we _c ent]ta91 except s f> z conc]ns ! cultivator only4 ,on ! po9t ( ta/e1 !re=e1 we say no?+2 & x is a m]e matt] ( managem5t :e!r ! /icks are blan*$ to ! v tip1 or all[$ to become gre5 = "s few in*es4 ,blan*+ is effect$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,! heap+ up ( s(t soil1 su* z leaf-m\ld1 w accompli% x4 ,on ! ,cont95t _m contrivances are resort$ to1 su* z cov]+ ! heads ) wood5 or e>!n pipes4 ,9 a few di/ricts 9 ,france *ampagne-bottles ) ! bottoms cut away are employ$4 ,b a /rong gr[? be+ secur$1 ! cultivator w f9d x an easy matt] to regulate ! degree ( col\r accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! table he has to s]ve4 ,z a rule1 a mod]ately /\t gr[?1 ) a fair %[ ( purple col\r1 is ev]y:]e appreciat$1 & is ! easie/ to produce1 because ! mo/ natural4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 an int]e/+ po9t 9 connection ) ! production ( gre5 ,asp>agus1 & x is t if w9try wea!r prevails :5 ! heads are ris+ 7z un=tunately is (t5 ! case7 ! t5d] gre5 tops may be melt$ by fro/ & become wor?less1 or may be r5d]$ s t\gh z to place ! quality bel[ t ( blan*$ ,asp>agus2 = ! blan*+ is also a protective process1 & quickly gr[n :ite ,asp>agus is (t5 m t5d] & ta/y ?an t :i* is gre51 b has be5 gr[n sl[ly4 ,z ! season advances & ! heads rise rapidly ! gre5 ,asp>agus acquires its prop] flav\r & t5d]ness1 & ?us practical consid]ations %\ld m or less influ5ce f9al decisions on matt]s ( ta/e4 ,! bus9ess ( ! cultivator is to produce ! k9d ( gr[? t is requir$1 :e!r :ite or gre51 or ( a quality int]m$iate betwe5 ! two4 ,?is is easily done1 mak+ all[ance = conditions4 ,:5 gre5 ,asp>agus is alone 9 dem&1 ! cultivator may be advis$ to h 9 read9ess1 z ! heads are mak+ _! fir/ %[1 a suffici5t supply ( "s r\gh & *eap protect+ mat]ial1 su* z grass & co>se we$s1 cut ) a sickle f odd corn]s ( ! %rubb]y & mead[ l&1 or clean hay & /raw p]fectly free f mildew2 b = obvi\s reasons /able litt] %\ld n be us$4 ,a v light spr9kl+ ( mat]ial ov] an ,asp>agus b$ t is mak+ a fir/ %[ ( produce w w>d (f ! morn+ fro/s1 & amply comp5sate = ! little tr\ble 9 sav+ _m t5d] gre5 /icks t ! fro/s w\ld melt to a jelly & r5d] wor?less4 ,aft] ! second or ?ird week 9 ,may ! litt] may be remov$ if ne$ful2 b if appe>ances are ( second>y importance1 x may be left to %r9k away on ! spot4 ,cutt+4--,asp>agus z suppli$ by m>ket gr[]s is ne$lessly long 9 ! /em4 ,! bundles h an impos+ appe>ance1 no d\bt1 b ! useless l5g? adds no?+ to ! com=t ( ^? at table1 & is a wa/eful tax on ! en]gy ( ! plant4 ,= home consumption x w g5]ally suffice if ! :ite portion is ab\t f\r in*es long1 & ?is det]m9es ! dep? at :i* ! /icks %\ld be cut4 ,"h x may be useful to rem>k t deeply buri$ roots d n ?rive s well z ^? :i* are ne>] ! surface1 nor d !y produce su* e>ly crops4 ,! /icks are usually cut by ?ru/+ d[n a /iff n>r[-po9t$ knife1 or specially made saw1 close to ea* %oot2 & x is necess>y to d ?is ) judgm5t1 or adjac5t %oots1 :i* are n suffici5tly advanc$ to reveal _! pres5ce by lift+ ! soil1 may be damag$4 ,to avoid ?is risk ( injury by ! knife x is possible f "s b$s to obta9 ! /icks )\t ! aid ( any implem5t by a twi/ & pull comb9$1 b ! process ne$s a dext]\s h& & is impracticable 9 t5aci\s soils4 ,! /icks ( a h&some sample w be :ite f\r or five in*es ( _! l5g?2 ! tops close1 plump1 ( a purpli%-gre5 col\r1 & ! col\r ext5d+ two or at mo/ ?ree in*es d[n ! /ems4 ,bo? size & degree ( col\r+ are1 h[ev]1 s entirely que/ions ( ta/e t no def9ite rule c be /at$4 ,x is m to ! purpose to say t1 if lib]ally gr[n1 ! plant may be cut f 9 ! ?ird ye>2 & t cutt+ %\ld cease ab\t ! middle ( ,june1 or e>ly 9 ,july1 accord+ to ! di/rict4 ,= ! good ( ! plant ! soon] cutt+ ceases ! bett]1 z ! next ye>'s buds h to be =m$ 9 ! roots by ! aid ( ! top-gr[? ( ! curr5t season4 ,we$+ & ,/ak+4--,two o!r po9ts relat+ to ! g5]al managem5t are wor?y ( att5tion4 ,"s crops get on fairly well :5 neglect$ & cr[d$ ) we$s4 ,n s ) ,asp>agus4 ,! plant appe>s to h be5 design$ to enjoy life 9 solitude1 be+ unfit = competition2 & if we$s make way 9 an ,asp>agus b$1 ! cultivator w pay a heavy p5alty = 8 neglect ( duty4 ,! limitation ( ! b$s to a wid? ( ?ree feet1 !re=e1 is ( consequ5ce1 because x facilitates we$+ )\t putt+ a foot on !m4 ,! o!r po9t arises out ( ! necessity ( af=d+ support to ! frail plant 9 places :]e x may happ5 to be expos$ to w9d4 ,:5 ,asp>agus 9 high summ] is rudely %ak51 ! /ems snap (f at ! base1 & ! roots lose ! s]vice ( ! top-gr[? 9 matur+ buds = ! next season4 ,to prev5t ?is injury is easy en\gh1 b ! precautions mu/ be adopt$ 9 good "t4 ,a free use ( light1 fea!ry /akes1 su* z are employ$ = ! support ( ,peas1 ?ru/ 9 firmly all ov] ! b$1 w insure all ne$ful support :5 gales are bl[+4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( pea-/icks1 /\t /akes1 plac$ at suitable di/ances & connect$ ) l5g?s ( ?ick t>r$ tw9e1 w answ] equally well4 ,9 %elt]$ g>d5s ! protection ( ! "y gr[? ) litt]1 & ( ! mature gr[? ) /akes1 ne$ n be resort$ to1 b 9 expos$ situations ^! precautions %\ld n be neglect$4 ,manur+ ,p]man5t ,b$s4--,! managem5t ( ,asp>agus includes a c>eful clean-up ( ! b$s 9 autumn4 ,! plants %\ld n be cut d[n until !y *ange col\r2 !n all ! top-gr[? may be cle>$ away & ! surface rak$ clean4 ,give ! b$s a lib]al dress+ ( half-decay$ manure1 & c>efully t\* up ! sides to make !m neat & tidy4 ,x is usual at ! same "t to dig & manure ! alleys1 b ?is practice we object to 9 toto1 because x t5ds directly to ! production ( lean /icks :]e fat ones are possible2 = ! roots run freely 9 ! alleys1 & to dig is to de/roy !m4 ,9 ! spr+ cle> ! b$s ( ! autumn dress+ by rak+ any remnant ( manure into ! alleys1 & ! b$s & ! alleys %\ld !n be c>efully prick$ ov] ) a =k two or ?ree in*es deep only1 & ) great c>e n to w\nd any roots4 ,! application ( salt requires judgm5t4 ,= a "t x r5d]s ! b$ cold1 & :5 foll[$ by sn[ ! two comb9e to make a freez+ mixture :i* arre/s ! gr[? ( e/abli%$ plants4 ,on a newly made b$ salt is unnecess>y1 & may prove de/ructive to ! roots4 ,! prop] "t = apply+ salt mu/ be det]m9$ by ! di/rict & ! "* ( ! season2 b 9 no case %\ld ! m9]al be us$ until active gr[? has comm5c$1 al?\gh x is n ne$ful to wait until ! gr[? is visible above ! surface4 ,9 ! s\!rn c\nties a suitable opportunity may g5]ally be f\nd f ! beg9n+ to ! middle ( ,april4 ,second & ?ird dress+s may foll[ at int]vals ( ?ree weeks1 :i* n only /imulate ! roots b keep d[n we$s4 ,plant+ ,roots4--,9 _m g>d5s :]e !re is space = two or ?ree b$s only !re w be ! v natural desire to secure ,asp>agus 9 a %ort] "t ?an is possible f se$1 & we !re=e proce$ to indicate ! be/ me?od ( plant+ roots4 ,asp>agus roots d n take k9dly to removal1 especially old & e/abli%$ plants4 ,! m]e dry+ ( ! roots by exposure to ! atmosph]e is di/9ctly injuri\s to !m4 ,!y w travel safely a long di/ance :5 well pack$1 b ! critical "t is betwe5 ! unpack+ & gett+ !m safely into _! f9al home4 ,ev]y?+ %\ld be made ready = ! transf] be=e ! package is op5$1 & ! actual task ( plant+ %\ld be accompli%$ 9 ! %orte/ "t possible4 ,a ?ree-feet b$ %\ld be prep>$ by tak+ out ! soil 9 su* a mann] z to leave two ridges = ! roots4 ,! space betwe5 ridges to be eighte5 in*es1 & ! tops ( ! ridges to be s f> bel[ ! level ( ! b$ t :5 ! soil is return$1 & ! b$ made to its normal level1 ! cr[ns w be ab\t five in*es b5ea? ! surface4 ,?is may be und]/ood f ! foll[+ illu/ration ( a section cut across ! b$4 ,illu/ration3 b$lay\t ,a1 ,a repres5t ! alleys betwe5 ! b$s1 & ,b ! top ( "o b$4 ,! dott$ l9es %[ ! ridges on :i* ! roots are to re/ at ,c1 ,c4 ,:5 ! b$ is ready1 op5 ! package & place ! ,asp>agus on ! ridges at fifte5 or eighte5 in*es ap>t1 all[+ ab\t half ! roots ( ea* plant to fall d[n on ei!r side ( ! ridge4 ,z a rule x w be wise to h two pairs ( h&s engag$ 9 ! task4 ,! soil %\ld be fill$ 9 exp$iti\sly1 & a f9i%+ t\* be giv5 to ! b$4 ,v r>ely w x be safe to transplant ,asp>agus until ! end ( ,m>* or beg9n+ ( ,april1 = al?\gh e/abli%$ roots w pass unh>m$ ?r\gh a v sev]e w9t]1 ^? :i* h rec5tly be5 remov$ are (t5 kill$ outright by a l5g!n$ p]iod ( cold wet wea!r1 & especially by ?aw$ sn[ foll[$ by fro/4 ,giant ,asp>agus4--,"s ( ! mo/ critical judges ( ,asp>agus 9 ! c\ntry are extremely p>tial to giant /icks4 ,_! pref]5ce is n bas$ on m]e sup]iority 9 size1 b on ! special flav\r :i* is ! peculi> m]it ( ^! extra-l>ge ,asp>agus :5 !y are prop]ly gr[n4 ,al?\gh !re is no difficulty :atev] 9 produc+ !m1 x mu/ be admitt$ t to insure specim5s weigh+ ne>ly or q half a p\nd1 pl5ty ( space mu/ be all[$ = ! full developm5t ( ea* plant & a prodigal use ( manure is imp]ative4 ,:]e dra9age is effectual1 ! soil ( any well-till$ g>d5 c be made suitable4 ,! roots may be gr[n 9 clumps or 9 r[s4 ,clumps are plant$ 9 triangul> =m1 two feet be+ all[$ betwe5 ! ?ree plants ( ea* gr\p1 ) a di/ance ( five feet betwe5 ! gr\ps4 ,! m usual me?od1 h[ev]1 is to plant 9 r[s4 ,9 bo? cases ! cultural details are almo/ id5tical1 & to obta9 ! f9e/ results x is wise to get ! prep>atory "w done at conv5i5t times 9 advance ( ! plant+ season4 ,assum+ t r[s are decid$ on1 comm5ce op]ations by digg+ a broad deep tr5*1 ?r[+ out ! soil to ! "r & left to =m slop+ sides until !re is a p]p5dicul> dep? ( tw5ty-sev5 in*es f ! top ( ! ridge4 ,ab\t "o foot ( prep>$ soil %\ld be plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! tr5*4 ,?is may be compos$ ( su* mat]ial z ! trimm+s ( h$ges1 sweep+s ( %rubb]ies1 twigs f a faggot pile1 wood a%es & leaf-m\ld4 ,! con/itu5ts mu/ to "s ext5t dep5d on ! mat]ials at comm&4 ,:at is want$ is a light compo/1 consi/+ almo/ :olly ( vegetable matt] 9 a m or less advanc$ /ate ( decomposition4 ,add ?ree or f\r in*es ( ri* loam1 & on ?is1 at ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 plant /rong "o-ye> roots ( a robu/-gr[+ v>iety4 ,betwe5 ! plants x is cu/om>y to all[ a space ( at lea/ two feet1 & "s gr[]s put !m a full y>d ap>t4 ,cov] ! cr[ns ) ?ree in*es ( ri* soil1 previ\sly mix$ ) manure & laid up = ! purpose4 ,! second & foll[+ r[s are to be treat$ 9 ! same way1 & ! "w mu/ be s manag$ t an equal di/ance ( f\r & a half or five feet is left betwe5 ! r[s4 ,:5 ! foliage dies d[n 9 autumn1 a lay] ( f]tile loam mix$ ) rott5 manure %\ld be spread ov] ! surface4 ,9 ! succe$+ spr+ remove j ! top cru/ ( soil & give a ?ick dress+ ( decay$ manure alone1 ^u :i* ! soil c be re/or$4 ,dur+ ! autumn ( ! second ye> ! furr[ mu/ be fill$ ) horse manure = ! w9t]4 ,remove ?is manure 9 ,m>*1 & sub/itute good loam conta9+ a lib]al admixture ( decay$ manure previ\sly incorporat$ ) ! soil4 ,! slight ridges t rema9 c !n be levell$ d[n4 ,by ?is treatm5t l>ge h&some /icks ( ,asp>agus may be cut 9 ! ?ird ye>4 ,to ma9ta9 ! plants 9 a high /ate ( effici5cy1 x mu/ be cle>ly und]/ood t =c+ ) horse manure w be necess>y e subsequ5t ye>4 ,blan*+ may be c>ri$ out by any ( ! usual me?ods1 & ,sea ,kale pots are bo? conv5i5t & effectual4 ,n a we$ %\ld be visible on ! b$s at any "t4 ,=c+ is v>i\sly practis$1 & ! be/ possible sy/em1 d\btless1 is to =ce 9 ! b$s1 & !reby tra9 ! plants to _! "w s t !y become us$ to x4 ,! gr[]s :o supply ,p>is ) =c$ ,asp>agus produce ! :ite sample 9 ! b$s1 & ! gre5 by removal ( ! roots to frames4 ,=c+ 9 b$s may be accompli%$ by means ( tr5*es fill$ ) f]m5t+ mat]ial or by hot-wat] pipes1 ! b$s 9 ei!r case be+ cov]$ ) frames4 ,:]e ! dem& = =c$ ,asp>agus is con/ant1 !re c be no d\bt ! hot-wat] sy/em is ! *eape/ z well z ! cleane/ & mo/ reliable2 = a casual supply =c+ 9 frames answ]s v well1 b x is att5d$ ) ! disadvantage t :5 ! crop has be5 secur$ ! roots are wor?less4 ,! practice ( =c+ may be said to comm5ce ) ! =mation ( ! se$-b$1 = if x is to be c>ri$ on 9 a sy/ematic & pr(itable mann]1 e detail mu/ be provid$ = 9 ! orig9al arrangem5ts4 ,! wid? ( ! b$s & ( ! alleys1 & ! disposition ( ! plants1 w h to be c>efully consid]$1 s z to insure ! be/ results ( a co/ly proc$ure1 & x w be wa/e ( "t to beg9 =c+ until ! plants h atta9$ _! f\r? ye>4 ,! r\gh me?od ( m>ket gr[]s consi/s 9 ! employm5t ( hot manure 9 tr5*es1 & also on ! b$s1 aft] ! frames are put on4 ,! b$s are usually f\r feet wide1 ! alleys two feet wide & tw5ty in*es deep1 & ! plants n m ?an n9e in*es ap>t 9 ! r[1 !re be+ ?ree or f\r r[s ( plants 9 ! b$4 ,! frames are put on :5 =c+ comm5ces1 b ! lights are )held until ! %oots beg9 to appe>4 ,!n ! f]m5t+ mat]ial is remov$ f ! b$s1 ! lights are put on1 & no air is giv51 mats be+ add$ 9 cold wea!r1 bo? to reta9 w>m? & promote blan*+4 ,?is me?od produces a fair m>ket sample1 b a mu* bett] gr[? may be obta9$ by a good hot-wat] sy/em1 z w be und]/ood f a mom5t>y consid]ation ( details4 ,by ! employm5t ( f]m5t+ mat]ial ! temp]ature runs up rapidly1 sometimes extravagantly1 s t x is no uncommon ev5t = ! gr[? to comm5ce at #gj to #hj ,fahr41 :i* may produce a h&some sample1 b x w be flav\rless4 ,! hot-wat] sy/em all[s ( p]fect control1 & ! prud5t gr[] w beg9 at #ej1 rise sl[ly to #fj1 & take c>e n to exce$ #fe2 ! result w be a sample full ( flav\r1 ) a f9] appe>ance ?an ! be/ obta9able by ! r\gh] me?od4 ,=c+ 9 frames is sy/ematically practis$ 9 _m g>d5s1 & z x exhau/s ! roots !re mu/ be a correspond+ production ( roots = ! purpose4 ,! fir/ requisite is a good la/+ hotb$1 cov]$ ) ab\t f\r in*es ( light soil ( any k9d1 b pref]ably leaf-m\ld4 ,! roots are c>efully lift$ & plant$ z closely z possible on ?is b$1 & cov]$ ) f9e soil to a dep? ( six in*es4 ,! sa%es are !n put on & kept close2 b a little air may be giv5 z ! heads rise1 to promote col\r & flav\r4 ,! heat w g5]ally run to #gj1 & t figure %\ld be ! maximum all[$4 ,exp]i5c$ gr[]s pref] to =ce at #fj or #fe1 & to take a little m "t = ! advantage ( a f9] sample4 ,,broad ,,bean ,faba vulg>is ,! ,broad ,bean is a ?rifty plant1 z h>dy z any 9 ! g>d51 & v accommodat+ z to soil4 ,x is q at home on heavy l&1 b 9 common ) ne>ly all o!r vegetables x ?rives on a deep s&y loam4 ,consid]+ ! productive nature ( ! plant & its comp>atively brief occupation ( ! gr\nd1 ! common ,bean mu/ be reg>d$ z "o ( our mo/ pr(itable g>d5 crops4 ,bo? ! ,longpod & ,w9dsor classes %\ld be gr[n4 ,= g5]al "w ! ,longpods are invaluable2 !y are e>ly1 ?or\ghly h>dy1 produce heavy crops1 & 9 appe>ance & flav\r satisfy ! _w at l>ge1 z may be prov$ by appeal to ! m>kets4 ,! ,w9dsor ,beans are especially priz$ = _! sup]ior quality1 be+ t5d]1 full ( flav\r1 &1 if well manag$1 mo/ tempt+ 9 col\r :5 put ^u ! table4 ,= e>ly crops ! ,longpods claim att5tion1 & s[+s may be made t[>ds ! end ( ,octob] or dur+ ,novemb] on a dry soil 9 a w>m situation1 %elt]$ f ! nor?4 ,*oose a dry day = ! op]ation4 ,on no acc\nt %\ld ! attempt be made :ile ! soil conditions are unfav\rable1 ev5 if ! s[+ is !reby def]r$ = "s "t4 ,! di/ance mu/ dep5d ^u ! sorts1 b two feet w answ] g5]ally z ! di/ance betwe5 ! d\ble r[s2 ! two l9es =m+ ! d\ble r[s may be n9e in*es ap>t1 & ! se$ two in*es deep4 ,on /rong gr\nd a di/ance ( ?ree feet c be all[$ betwe5 ! d\ble r[s1 b x is n well to give ov]mu* space1 because ! plants protect ea* o!r some:at1 & e>l9ess ( production is ! matt] ( *ief mom5t4 ,?or\ghly consolidate ! soil to enc\rage /urdy h>d gr[? :i* w successfully )/& ! excessive moi/ure & cold ( w9t]4 ,x is an excell5t practice to prep>e a piece ( good gr\nd slop+ to ! s\?1 & on ?is to make a plantation 9 ,febru>y ( plants c>efully lift$ f ! se$ r[s1 :]ev] !y c be sp>$ z prop] ?9n+s4 ,^! %\ld be put 9 d\ble r[s1 ?ree feet ap>t4 ,if transplant$ ) c>e !y w receive b a slight *eck1 & w give a successional supply4 ,ma9 ,crops4--,ano!r s[+ may be made t[>ds ! end ( ,janu>y1 b = ! ma9 crop wait until ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,= succession crops s[+s may be made until mid-,april1 aft] :i* "t !re is risk ( failure1 especially on hot soils4 ,a /rong soil is suitable1 & g5]ally speak+ a heavy crop ( ,beans may be tak5 f a well-manag$ clay4 ,b any deep cool soil w answ]1 & :]e !re is a regul> dem& = ,beans ! cultivator may be advis$ to gr[ bo? ,longpods & ,w9dsors--! fir/ = e>l9ess & bulk1 ! second = quality4 ,! d\ble r[s ( ma9crop ,beans %\ld be fully ?ree feet ap>t1 & ! plants q n9e in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,! prep>ation ( ! se$-b$ mu/ be ( a g5]\s nature4 ,:]e grass l& or l& ( que/ionable quality is brok5 up & tr5*$1 x w be tol]ably safe to crop x ) ,beans z a fir/ />t2 & to prep>e x = ! crop a good body ( fat /able manure %\ld be laid 9 betwe5 ! fir/ & second spits1 z ?is w c>ry ! crop ?r\gh1 :ile insur+ to ! subsoil t has be5 br\ght up a "t ( season+ ) ! lea/ risk ( any consequ5t loss4 ,!re is n mu* m to be said ab\t gr[+ ,beans2 ! gr\nd mu/ be kept clean1 & ! hoe w h its "w "h z else:]e4 ,! p9*+ out ( ! tops z soon z !re is a fair %[ ( blossom is a good plan1 :e!r fly is visible or n1 & x is also advisable to root out all plants z fa/ z !y f9i% _! "w1 = if left !y ?r[ up suck]s & exhau/ ! soil4 ,! ga!r+ ( ! crop is (t5 s c>elessly p]=m$ t ! supply is sudd5ly arre/$4 ,s[+s "u ,glass4--,9 an em]g5cy1 ,beans may be />t$ 9 pots 9 ! gre5h\se1 or on turf sods 9 frames = plant+ out1 9 precisely ! same way z ,peas = e>ly crops4 ,?is practice is conv5i5t 9 cases :]e heavy wat]-logg$ gr\nd precludes outdoor s[+ 9 autumn & e>ly spr+4 ,9 all su* cases c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! =c+ is ( ! mo/ mod]ate "*1 or ! crop w be poor & late1 in/ead ( be+ pl5tiful & e>ly4 ,:5 pu%$ on "u glass = plant+ out1 ! "y /ock mu/ h z mu* light & air z possible consi/5t ) safety1 & a sl[ heal?y gr[? w bett] answ] ! purpose ?an a rapid gr[? produc+ long legs & pale leaves1 because ! physique ( infancy det]m9es 9 a great degree t ( maturity1 n less 9 plants ?an 9 animals4 ,,dw>f ,,fr5* ,,bean ,phaseolus vulg>is ,among summ] vegetables ,dw>f ,fr5* ,beans are des]v$ly 9 high fav\r1 & are ev]y:]e s[n at ! e>lie/ mom5t consi/5t ) reasonable expectations ( _! safety4 ,?is e>ly s[+ is altoge!r laudable1 = al?\gh x occasionally entails ! loss ( a plantation1 ! aggregate result is advantage\s1 & a v little protection suffices to c>ry ! e>ly plant ?r\gh ! late spr+ fro/s4 ,b ^? :o supply our tables ) gre5 delicacies d n all recognise ! importance ( late s[+s ( ,dw>f ,beans4 ,"h1 aga91 a risk mu/ be incurr$1 b ! co/ is trifl+1 & :5 ! summ] is prolong$ to ,octob] ! late-s[n ,beans are highly priz$4 ,ev5 if !y produce pl5tifully ?r\gh ,septemb] !re is a great po9t ga9$1 b t _c be secur$ f ! e>lie/ s[+s2 x is impossible4 ,aft] ,july x is useless to s[ ,beans1 b :]e ! dem& is con/ant1 two or ?ree s[+s may be made 9 ?is mon?1 *oos+ ! mo/ %elt]$ nooks t c be f\nd = !m4 ,= late s[+s ! e>lie/ sorts %\ld h pref]5ce4 ,dw>f ,beans = ma9 crops require a good ?\gh some:at light soil2 b any fairly productive loam w answ] ! purpose1 & ! crop w yield an ample return = su* reasonable digg+ & dress+ z a c>eful cultivator w n fail to be/[4 ,at ! same "t1 x is a matt] ( "s practical importance t ! poore/ l& ev] put "u tillage w1 9 an av]age season1 yield s]viceable crops ( ^! legumes1 & on a ri* soil ( "s dep? ! ,dw>f ,bean w endure summ] dr\ght bett] ?an any o!r crop 9 ! ,kit*5 ,g>d54 ,e>l9ess ( production is ( ! highe/ importance up to a c]ta9 po9t2 b an e>ly crop be+ provid$ =1 abundance ( production next claims consid]ation1 ! heavie/ be>]s be+ ( c\rse be/ adapt$ = ma9-crop s[+4 ,z reg>ds ! s[+ & g5]al culture1 x is too (t5 true t ,dw>f ,beans are cr[d$ injuri\sly1 ev5 9 g>d5s t are usually well manag$4 ,no?+ is ga9$ by cr[d+4 ,on ! contr>y1 loss always ensues :5 ! individual plant1 ?r\gh defici5cy ( space1 is h9d]$ 9 its full developm5t4 ,= e>ly crops :i* are ev5tually to come to maturity 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 ! fir/ s[+s may be made 9 ! mon? ( ,april1 ei!r 9 boxes 9 a g5tle heat1 or bett] /ill 9 a frame on a sunny bord] )\t artificial heat4 ,9 di/ricts :]e fro/ frequ5tly prevails 9 ,may1 & on heavy soils :]e e>ly s[+s outdoors are impracticable 9 a wet spr+1 ! =w>d+ ( plants "u glass is v desirable1 b ! actual date = s[+ mu/ dep5d on local conditions4 ,! t5d] gr[? t is produc$ by a =c+ process is n well adapt$ = plant+ out 9 ,may2 b a plant produc$ sl[ly1 ) pl5ty ( light & air1 w be /\t & /rong1 & if put out ) c>e z soon z mild wea!r occurs 9 ,may1 w make good progress & yield an e>ly crop4 ,! se$ = ?is purpose %\ld be s[n 9 r light turfy soil1 z ! plants may !n be lift$ )\t injury to _! fle%y roots4 ,c>eful treatm5t w be desirable = "s "t aft] !y are plant$1 su* z protection f sun & fro/1 & wat]+1 if necess>y1 al?\gh ! less wat]+ ! bett]1 provid$ ! plants c hold _! gr\nd4 ,! plot to :i* ^! e>ly s[+s are to be transplant$ %\ld be light & ri*1 & ly+ t[>ds ! sun2 op5 ! l9es ) ! spade or hoe 9 pref]5ce to us+ ! dibb]1 & z fa/ z ! roots are dropp$ into _! places ) _! balls ( e>? unbrok51 c>efully re/ore ! f9e soil f ! surface4 ,r\gh h&l+ w s]i\sly int]f]e ) ! ultimate result1 b ord9>y c>e w insure abundant ga!r+s ( fir/-class produce at a "t :5 !re are b few 9 ! m>ket4 ,on dry soils a small s[+ may be made ab\t ! second week ( ,april on a %elt]$ s\? bord]4 ,s[ 9 d\ble r[s six in*es ap>t1 & all[ a di/ance ( two feet betwe5 ! d\ble r[s4 ,:5 ! se$l+s appe> give protection if necess>y1 & 9 due c\rse ?9 ! plants to six in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,ma9 crops are s[n f ! la/ week 9 ,april to ! middle ( ,june4 ,! di/ance = ! r[s may be f "o & a half to two feet ap>t1 accord+ to ! vig\r ( ! v>iety1 ! /ronge/ gr[]s requir+ fully two feet1 & ! di/ance betwe5 ! plants may be eight to twelve in*es2 !re=e x is well to s[ ! se$ two to ?ree in*es ap>t1 & ?9 out z soon z ! r\gh leaves appe>4 ,! gr\nd be+ 9 fairly good condition1 x w only be necess>y to *op ov] ! surface1 if at all lumpy1 & ) ! hoe draw drills ab\t two in*es deep1 :i* is f> bett] ?an dibbl+1 except on v light soil1 :5 dibbl+ ab\t ?ree in*es deep is q all[able4 ,g5]ally speak+1 if ! plot be kept clean1 ! ,beans w take c>e ( !mselves2 b 9 dr\ghty wea!r a heavy wat]+ n[ & !n w be visibly b5eficial1 = al?\gh ! plant be>s dr\ght well1 x is l o!r good ?+s 9 requir+ some?+ to live ^u4 ,9 expos$ situations & :]e /orms are preval5t1 x is an excell5t practice to support ! plants ) bu%y twigs4 ,late ,crops4--,to ext5d ! outdoor supply s[+s may be made e>ly 9 ,july4 ,:5 ! gr\nd has become dry & h>d1 x is advisable to soak ! se$ 9 wat] = five or six h\rs2 ! drills %\ld also be wat]$1 &1 if possible1 ! gr\nd %\ld be cov]$ ) rott5 dung1 sp5t hops1 or "s o!r mul*y /uff to promote & su/a9 vegetation4 ,! ga!r+ ( ! crop %\ld be a matt] ( discipl9e4 ,:]e x is done c>elessly1 !re w v soon be none to ga!r1 = ! swell+ ( a few se$s 9 neglect$ pods w cause ! plants to cease be>+4 ,!re=e all ! ,beans %\ld be ga!r$ :5 ( a prop] size1 :e!r !y are want$ or n2 ?is is ! only way to insure a long-cont9u$ supply ( good quality bo? z to col\r & t5d]ness4 ,autumn1 ,w9t] & ,spr+ ,supplies4--,by successional s[+s "u glass a cont9u\s supply ( ,beans may be obta9$ ?r\gh autumn1 w9t]1 & spr+4 ,! e>lie/ s[+s %\ld be made at =tnightly int]vals1 f mid-,july to mid-,septemb]1 9 cold frames fill$ ) well-manur$ soil4 ,put 9 ! se$s two in*es deep & six in*es ap>t1 9 r[s "o foot ap>t4 ,wat] copi\sly dur+ ! hot mon?s & give protection :5 ! nights become cold4 ,aft] mid-,septemb] crops ( dw>f-gr[+ v>ieties %\ld be rais$ 9 heat$ pits1 or 9 pots plac$ 9 a w>m temp]ature4 ,9 pits ! b$s %\ld be "o foot deep1 ! drills "o foot ap>t1 & ! plants six in*es asund] 9 ! r[s4 ,:5 pots are us$ ! t5-in* size w be f\nd mo/ conv5i5t4 ,only ?ree-p>ts fill ! pots ) a good compo/1 & insure p]fect dra9age4 ,place eight or n9e beans "o & a half in*es deep 9 ea* pot1 ev5tually r$uc+ ! numb] ( plants to five4 ,z ! plants progress soil may be add$ to )9 an in* & a half ( ! rims4 ,air-giv+ & wat]+ w ne$ c>eful managem5t1 = ! mo/ robu/ gr[? possible is requir$1 b !re mu/ be no *ill1 & any excess ( ei!r moi/ure or dryness w be imm$iately injuri\s4 ,:5 a few pods are =m$ fe$ ! plants ) alt]nate applications ( soot wat] & liquid manure1 comm5c+ ) highly dilut$ doses4 ,?or\ghly syr+e ! plants twice daily to combat ,r$ ,spid]4 ,at night a temp]ature ( f #ee to #fj mu/ be ma9ta9$4 ,9 mid-,febru>y s[+s may be made 9 frames 9 :i* six in*es ( f]tile soil has be5 plac$ ov] a good lay] ( litt] or leaves4 ,f ^! s[+s heavy crops may be secur$ 9 spr+ & e>ly summ] be=e ! outdoor supplies are ready4 ,flageolets is ! "n giv5 to ! se$s ( c]ta9 types ( ,dw>f & ,climb+ ,beans :5 us$ 9 a /ate int]m$iate betwe5 ! gre5 pods 7,h>icots v]ts7 & ! fully ripe se$s 7,h>icots secs71 & !y are /rongly to be recomm5d$ = cul9>y purposes4 ,! use ( ,bean se$s z ,flageolets1 al?\gh s little kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry1 is v l>gely practis$ abroad1 & 9 ! vegetable m>kets ( _m ,fr5* t[ns ! %ell+ ( ! beans f ! semi-ripe pods by wom51 9 read9ess = cook+ 9 ! mann] ( gre5 peas1 is a v famili> sight4 ,! se$s ( almo/ all v>ieties are suitable = use 9 ?is way1 irrespective ( col\r1 z ?is is n develop$ z w\ld be ! case if ! se$s 7 q ripe4 ,,climb+ ,,fr5* ,,bean ,! ,climb+ ,fr5* ,bean has all ! m]its ( ! ,dw>f ,fr5* ,bean1 & ! climb+ habit n only ext5ds ! p]iod ( be>+ b results 9 a yield su* z _c be obta9$ f ! mo/ prolific /ra9s 9 ! ,dw>f section4 ,al?\gh ! mod]n ,climb+ ,bean is less vigor\s 9 gr[? ?an ! ord9>y ,runn]1 ! =m] may g5]ally be _h 9 be>+ be=e ! mo/ =w>d crop ( ,runn]s is ready4 ,= an e>ly supply out ( doors se$ %\ld be s[n "u glass 9 ,april1 9 ! mann] advis$ = e>ly crops ( ! ,dw>f class4 ,gradually h>d5 (f ! plants & transf] to p]man5t qu>t]s on ! fir/ fav\rable opportunity4 ,9 ! op5 gr\nd successive s[+s may be made f ! end ( ,april to ,june4 ,! outdoor culture ( ,climb+ ,fr5* ,beans is practically ! same z = ! ,dw>f v>ieties1 except t ! =m] are usually gr[n 9 d\ble r[s ab\t f\r to five feet ap>t4 ,all[ ! plants to /& f9ally at n9e to twelve in*es ea* way1 & support !m ) bu%y /icks su* z are us$ = ,peas1 = ,climb+ ,beans w run f> m readily on ^! ?an on s+le /icks4 ,! ,climb+ ,fr5* ,bean is especially useful = produc+ crops "u glass 9 spr+ & autumn1 & ! plants d well :5 gr[n 9 n>r[ bord]s ) ! v9es tra9$ close to ! ro(-glass by means ( wire or /r+ to :i* ! gr[? readily cl+s4 ,! g5]al treatm5t may be mu* ! same z t recomm5d$ = ! ,dw>f v>ieties1 special c>e be+ tak5 ) reg>d to wat]+ & ! giv+ ( air4 ,dur+ ! autumn mon?s atmosph]ic moi/ure mu/ be cauti\sly regulat$ or mu* ( ! foliage w damp (f1 :ile 9 spr+ a humid atmosph]e %\ld be ma9ta9$ & sy/ematic wat]+ practis$4 ,cucumb]1 ,melon1 & ,tomato b$s f :i* ! crops h be5 cle>$ may (t5 be us$ to advantage = rais+ a crop ( ,climb+ ,beans1 & g5]ally ^! b$s are 9 excell5t condition = ! plants )\t ! addition ( manure4 ,,h>icot ,,bean ,al?\gh 9 ,france ! t]m ,h>icot is giv5 to all types ( ,beans1 except ^? ( ! ,engli% ,broad ,bean1 9 ?is c\ntry ! ^w ,h>icot is g5]ally appli$ only to ! dri$ se$s ( c]ta9 ,dw>f & ,climb+ ,beans1 notably ^? :i* are :ite4 ,almo/ any v>iety1 h[ev]1 may be us$ z ,h>icots1 b ! mo/ popul> are ^? :i* produce self-col\r$ se$s1 su* z :ite1 gre51 & ! v>i\s %ades ( br[n4 ,se$ %\ld be s[n e>ly 9 ,may & ! plants treat$ z advis$ = ,fr5* ,beans4 ,! pods %\ld n be remov$ f ! plants until ! se$s are ?or\ghly ripe4 ,if rip5+ _c be complet$ 9 ! op51 pull up ! plants & hang !m 9 a %$ until ! se$s are q dry4 ,,runn] ,,bean ,phaseolus multiflorus ,runn] beans ne$ g5]\s cultivation & w amply repay = ! mo/ lib]al treatm5t4 ,! ma9 po9t to be borne 9 m9d is t ! plant possesses ! mo/ ext5sive root-sy/em ( any g>d5 vegetable4 ,deep digg+ & lib]al manur+ are !re=e ess5tial :]e ! production ( ! f9e/ crops is aim$ at4 ,if possible ! :ole ( ! gr\nd to be allott$ to ,runn]s %\ld be deeply till$ & well manur$ 9 autumn or w9t]4 ,b :]e ?is is inconv5i5t1 tr5*+ mu/ be c>ri$ out 9 ,m>* or e>ly ,april4 ,remove ! soil to a dep? ( two feet1 & ! tr5* may be two feet wide = a d\ble r[ ( ,beans4 ,?or\ghly break up ! subsoil1 half-fill ! tr5* ) well-rott$ manure1 & re/ore ! surface soil to )9 a few in*es ( ! level4 ,"t ( ,s[+4--,x is seldom advisable to s[ ,runn]s 9 ! op5 be=e ! mon? ( ,may is fairly 91 = !y are less h>dy ?an ,dw>f ,beans1 b z late supplies are ev]y:]e valu$ x is important to s[ aga9 9 ,june4 ,( c\rse ^! late crops are subject to ! caprices ( autumnal wea!r1 al?\gh !y (t5 cont9ue 9 be>+ until q late 9 ! season4 ,9 di/ricts :]e spr+ fro/s are de/ructive1 & on cold soils or 9 v expos$ situations1 plants may be rais$ 9 boxes = transf]r+ to ! op5 gr\nd1 z advis$ = ,dw>f ,beans1 b 9 ! case ( ,runn]s all[ a space ( ?ree in*es betwe5 ! se$s4 ,di/ances = ,r[s1 c4--,frequ5tly ! r[s ( ,runn] ,beans are injuri\sly close1 & ! total crop is !reby dim9i%$4 ,on deep1 well-prep>$ soils1 s+le r[s g5]ally prove mo/ productive1 & !y %\ld be n less ?an five feet ap>t4 ,b :]e ! soil is %all[ & g5]\s prep>ation is n possible1 & 9 w9d-swept positions1 d\ble r[s1 set n9e in*es ap>t1 are m satisfactory4 ,betwe5 ! d\ble r[s all[ a space ( f six to eight feet1 on :i* ,caulifl[]1 ,lettuce1 or o!r small-gr[+ subjects may be plant$ out4 ,two in*es is ! prop] dep? = putt+ 9 ! se$1 & x is a wise policy to s[ lib]ally & ev5tually to ?9 ! plants to a di/ance ( f n9e to twelve in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,/ak+4--,x w always pay to give support by /akes1 b :]e ^! are n available wire nett+ or /r&s ( /\t /r+ make effici5t sub/itutes4 ,imm$iately ! plants are a few in*es high1 ins]t ! /icks on ei!r side ( ! r[s & tie !m firmly to ! horizontal /akes plac$ 9 ! =k ne> to ! top4 ,! means ( support %\ld be decid$ ^u & erect$ 9 advance ( plant+ out ,runn]s :i* h be5 rais$ 9 boxes1 ?us avoid+ any risk ( injury to ! roots4 ,b ,runn]s make a good return :5 kept l[ by topp+1 & )\t any support :atev]1 a sy/em adopt$ by _m m>ket g>d5]s4 ,= ?is me?od ( culture space ! plants "o foot ap>t 9 s+le r[s set ?ree feet ap>t4 ,p9* out ! tips :5 ! plants are eighte5 in*es high & repeat ! op]ation :5 a fur!r eighte5 in*es ( gr[? has =m$4 ,g5]al ,cultivation4--,z slugs & snails are p>ticul>ly p>tial to ! "y plants1 an occasional du/+ ( old soot1 slak$ lime1 or any gritty sub/ance %\ld be giv5 to r5d] ! leaves unpalatable to ^! pe/s4 ,dur+ dr\ght copi\s wat]+ ( ! r[s is ess5tial1 especially on %all[ soils2 spray+ ! plants 9 ! ev5+ ) s(t wat] is also freely practis$ & ?is assi/s ! sett+ ( fl[]s 9 dry wea!r4 ,a mul* ( decay$ manure w prove ( great b5efit to ! plants & w prolong ! p]iod ( be>+4 ,9 "s g>d5s ,runn]s are gr[n 9 gr\ps runn+ up rods ti$ toge!r at ! top1 & :5 ^! gr\ps are arrang$ at regul> int]vals on ea* side ( a pa?1 ! result is extremely pleas+4 ,?is mode ( culture int]f]es to a v trifl+ ext5t ) o!r crops1 & ! ornam5tal effect may be enhanc$ by gr[+ v>ieties :i* h :ite1 r$1 & bicolor fl[]s4 ,pres]v+ ! roots ( ,runn]s is sometimes recomm5d$4 ,we c only say t x is a ridicul\s proce$+4 ,! utmo/ c>e is requir$ to keep ! roots ?r\gh ! w9t]1 & !y are comp>atively wor?less 9 ! end4 ,a p9t ( se$ w give a bett] crop ?an a numb] ( roots t h co/ great pa9s = _! pres]vation4 ,runn] ,beans = ,exhibition4--,al?\gh f9e specim5s fit = exhibition may frequ5tly be ga!r$ f ! g5]al g>d5 crop1 a little extra att5tion to ! cultivation ( ,runn] ,beans = %[ "w w be well repaid4 ,:5 /ag$ ! pods mu/ possess n only ! m]it ( m]e size1 b !y %\ld be p]fect 9 %ape & q "y4 ,rapid z well z robu/ gr[? is !re=e ess5tial to success4 ,select ! /ronge/-gr[+ plants 9 ! r[s1 & = a few weeks be=e ! pods are want$ give alt]nate applications ( liquid manure & cle> wat]4 ,p9* out all side gr[?s1 & limit ! numb] ( pods to two 9 ea* clu/]4 ,,waxpod ,,bean ,_m visitors to ! ,cont95t h le>n$ to appreciate ! f9e qualities ( ! ,waxpod ,beans1 sometimes kn[n z ,butt] ,beans1 ! pods ( :i* are usually cook$ :ole4 ,!re are two types1 ! dw>f & ! runn]1 = :i* respectively ! culture usual = ,dw>f ,fr5* ,beans & ,runn] ,beans w be q suitable4 ,,g>d5 ,,beet ,beta vulg>is ,z a food plant ! ,beet sc>cely obta9s ! att5tion x des]ves4 ,!re is no lack ( appreciation ( its beauty = purposes ( g>ni%+1 or ( its flav\r z ! compon5t ( a salad2 b o!r uses to :i* x is am5able = ! com=t & su/5ance ( man are sometimes neglect$4 ,z a simple di% to accompany cold meats ! ,beet is mo/ acceptable4 ,dress$ ) v9eg> & :ite pepp]1 x is at once appetis+1 nutritive1 & dige/ible4 ,s]v$ z fritt]s1 x is by "s p pref]r$ to ,mu%rooms1 z x !n resembles !m 9 flav\r1 & is m easily dige/$4 ,x makes a fir/-rate pickle1 & z an ag5t 9 col\r+ x has a recognis$ value1 because ( ! p]fect :olesom5ess ( ! ri* crimson hue x imp>ts to any article ( food requir+ x4 ,frame ,culture4--,:]e ! dem& = ,beet exi/s ! :ole ye> ?r\gh1 e>ly s[+s 9 heat are indisp5sable4 ,= ?is me?od ( cultivation ! ,globe v>iety %\ld be employ$1 & two s[+s1 ! fir/ 9 ,febru>y & ano!r 9 ,m>*1 w g5]ally provide a good supply ( roots 9 advance ( ! outdoor crops4 ,s[ 9 drills on a g5tle hot-b$ & ?9 ! plants f six to n9e in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,z soon z ! plants are l>ge en\gh1 give air at e suitable opportunity4 ,fre% "y ,beets gr[n 9 ?is way f9d f> m fav\r at table ?an ^? :i* h be5 /or$ = sev]al mon?s4 ,!y are also ( great s]vice = exhibition1 especially 9 collections ( e>ly vegetables4 ,prep>ation ( ,gr\nd4--,! cultivation ( ,beet is ( ! mo/ simple nature1 b a c]ta9 am\nt ( c>e is requisite = ! production ( a h&some & pr(itable crop4 ,beet w make a fair return on any soil t is prop]ly prep>$ = x2 b to gr[ ?is root to p]fection a ri* light loam is necess>y1 free f any trace ( rec5t or /rong manure4 ,a rank soil1 or "o to :i* manure has be5 add$ %ortly be=e s[+ ! se$1 w produce ugly roots1 "s co>se ) ov]gr[?1 o!rs =k$ & !re=e ( little value1 & o!rs1 p]haps1 cank]$ & wor?less4 ,! soil %\ld be well prep>$ by deep digg+ "s "t be=e mak+ up ! se$-b$1 & x is s\nd practice to gr[ ,beet on plots t h be5 heavily manur$ 9 ! previ\s ye> = ,caulifl[]1 ,cel]y1 or any o!r crop requir+ good cultivation4 ,if ! soil f an old ,melon or ,cucumb] b$ c be sp>$1 x may be spread ov] ! l& & dug 91 & ! piece %\ld be brok5 up 9 good "t to become mell[ be=e ! se$ is s[n4 ,seawe$ is a capital manure = ,beet1 especially if laid at ! bottom ( ! tr5* :5 prep>+ ! gr\nd4 ,a mod]ate dress+ ( salt may be add$ ) advantage1 z ! ,beet is a seaside plant4 ,e>ly ,crops4--,:]e frames are n available = provid+ e>ly supplies ( ,beetroot1 =w>d crops may (t5 be obta9$ f ! op5 gr\nd by mak+ s[+s ( ! ,globe v>iety f ! end ( ,m>* to mid-,april1 9 a %elt]$ position4 ,( c\rse1 ! e>li] ! s[+ ! great] ! risk ( de/ruction by fro/1 & birds may take ! se$l+s4 ,a d\ble ?ickness ( fi% nett+1 h[ev]1 /ret*$ ov] /akes ab\t "o foot above ! soil1 w af=d protection f ! =m] & prev5t ! depr$ations ( ! latt]4 ,set ! drills ab\t twelve in*es ap>t & s[ ! se$ "o & a half to two in*es deep4 ,?9 ! plants e>ly & all[ !m to /& f9ally at n9e in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,ma9 ,crop4--,! mo/ important crop is t requir$ = salad+1 = :i* a deep-col\r$ ,beet ( ri* flav\r is to be pref]r$1 & ! aim ( ! cultivator %\ld be to obta9 roots ( mod]ate size & ( p]fect %ape & f9i%4 ,! gr\nd hav+ be5 tr5*$ two spades deep e>ly 9 ! ye>1 may be made up into f\r-&-a-half-feet b$s "s "t 9 ,m>*1 prep>atory to s[+ ! se$4 ,! ma9 s[+ %\ld nev] be made until q ! end ( ,april or beg9n+ ( ,may4 ,= a neat crop1 s[ 9 drills "o & a half to two in*es deep1 & spac$ f twelve to fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,:5 f9ally ?9n$ ! plants %\ld /& ab\t n9e in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,h& we$+ w h to foll[ soon aft] s[+1 & p]haps ! hoe may be requir$ to supplem5t ! h&4 ,! ?9n+ %\ld be comm5c$ z e>ly z possible1 b x is wa/e ( "t to plant ! ?9n+s1 & x is equally wa/e ( "t to wat] ! crop4 ,9 fact1 if ! gr\nd is well prep>$1 we$+ & ?9n+ comprise ! :ole rema9d] ( ! cultivation4 ,"s ( ! small] & m delicate ,beets1 ( a v d>k col\r1 may be s[n 9 drills a foot or fifte5 in*es ap>t & ?9n$ to six in*es di/ance 9 ! drills4 ,we h1 inde$1 lift$ pretty crops ( ! small] ,beets at f\r in*es1 b x is n prud5t to cr[d ! plants1 z ! result w be ?9 roots ) long necks4 ,on /ony %all[ soils1 :]e x is difficult to gr[ h&some long ,beets1 ! ,globe & ,int]m$iate v>ieties may be tri$ ) ! prospect ( a satisfactory result4 ,we h 9 hot seasons f\nd ^! mo/ useful on a damp clay :]e f9e specim5s ( long ,beet 7 r>ely obta9able4 ,f ?is same unk9d clay x is possible to secure good crops ( long ,beets1 by mak+ deep holes ) a dibb] a foot ap>t & fill+ ^! ) s&y /uff f ! compo/ y>d & s[+ ! se$ ov] !m4 ,x is a t$i\s process1 b x b5efits ! l& = ! next crop1 & ! ,beets pay = x 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,late ,crops4--,by s[+ ! ,globe or ,turnip-root$ v>ieties 9 ,july1 useful roots may be obta9$ dur+ ! autumn & w9t]4 ,space ! drills z advis$ = e>ly crops4 ,se$ may also ) advantage be ?9ly s[n broadca/2 ! "y plants w ?us protect "o ano!r1 & ! roots may be pull$ z !y mature4 ,lift+ & ,/or+4--,a ,beet crop may be left 9 ! gr\nd dur+ ! w9t] if aid$ by a cov]+ ( litt] dur+ sev]e fro/4 ,b x is saf] out ( ! gr\nd ?an 9 x1 & ! prop] "t to lift is :5 a t\* ( autumn fro/ has be5 exp]i5c$4 ,dry e>? or s&1 9 suffici5t quantity1 %\ld be ready = ! /or+1 & a clamp 9 a %elt]$ corn] w answ] if %$ room is sc>ce4 ,9 any case1 a dry & cool spot is requir$1 = damp w beget mildew1 & w>m? w cause gr[?4 ,9 cutt+ (f ! tops be=e /or+1 take c>e n to cut too ne> ! cr[n1 or injuri\s ble$+ w foll[4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! long fang-l roots may be %ort5$ )\t h>m1 = ! slight ble$+ t w occur at t end w n affect m ?an ! half-in* or s next to ! cut "p4 ,a little exp]i5ce w tea* anyone t ,beets mu/ be h&l$ ) c>e1 or ! goodness w run out ( !m4 ,_m cooks bake ,beets because boil+ s (t5 spoils !m2 b if !y are 9 no way cut or bruis$1 & are plung$ into boil+ wat] & kept boil+ = a suffici5t l5g? ( "t--half an h\r to two h\rs1 accord+ to size--!re w be b a trifl+ diff]5ce betwe5 boil+ & bak+4 ,! ,silv]1 or ,sea ,kale1 ,beet is gr[n pr9cipally = ! /alk & ! midrib ( ! leaf1 consid]$ by "s to be equal to ,asp>agus4 ,9 a rank soil1 ) pl5ty ( liquid manure1 ! gr[? is quick1 robu/1 & ! plant ( good quality1 )\t ! necessity ( e>?+ up4 ,s[ 9 ,april & ,may1 ?9ly 9 drills1 & all[ ! plants ev5tually to /& at ab\t fifte5 in*es ap>t ea* way4 ,! leaves %\ld be pull$1 n cut4 ,z ! /alks (t5 turn black 9 cook+1 x is advisable to add a few drops ( lemon-juice to ! wat] 9 :i* !y are boil$1 &1 ( c\rse1 soda %\ld nev] be us$4 ,!y %\ld be s]v$ up 9 ! same mann] z ,asp>agus4 ,! rema9d] ( ! leaf is dress$ z ,sp9a*4 ,,borecole1 or ,,kale ,brassica ol]acea acephala ,! ,borecoles or ,kales are indisp5sable = ! supply ( w9t] vegetables1 & _! importance becomes especially manife/ :5 sev]e fro/ has made g5]al havoc 9 ! ,kit*5 ,g>d54 ,!n x is se5 t ! h>di] ,borecoles are pro( aga9/ ! l[e/ temp]ature exp]i5c$ 9 ^! isl&s2 &1 :ile fro/ leaves ! plants unh>m$1 x improves ! tops & side spr\ts t are requir$ = table purposes4 ,z reg>ds soil1 ! ,borecoles are ! lea/ p>ticul> ( ! :ole race ( ,brassicas4 ,!y appe> to be capable ( supply+ ! table ) w9t] gre5s ev5 :5 gr[n on h>d rocky soil1 b good loam suits !m admirably1 & a /rong clay1 well till$1 w produce a gr& sample4 ,grant+1 !n1 t a good soil is bett] ?an a bad "o1 we urge ! s[+ ( se$ z e>ly z possible = insur+ to ! plant a long season ( gr[?4 ,b e>ly s[+ %\ld be foll[$ by e>ly plant+1 = x is bad practice to leave ! plants cr[d$ 9 ! se$-b$ until ! summ] is f> advanc$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is (t5 unavoidable1 & x is well to consid] 9 "t :]e ! plants are to g1 & :51 accord+ to av]ages1 ! gr\nd w be vacant to receive !m4 ,! fir/ s[+ may be made e>ly 9 ,m>*1 & ano!r 9 ! middle ( ,april4 ,^! two s[+s w suffice = almo/ all ! purposes t c be imag9$4 ,a good se$-b$ 9 an op5 spot is absolutely necess>y4 ,x is usual to draw direct f ! se$-b$ = plant+ out z opportunities occur1 & ?is me?od answ]s fairly well4 ,b :5 l>ge en\gh x is bett] practice to prick out z a prep>ation = ! f9al plant+1 because a /\t] & h&som] plant is !reby secur$4 ,if x is int5d$ to foll[ ! r\gh & ready plan1 ! se$ drills %\ld be n9e in*es ap>t2 b = prick+ out six in*es w answ]1 & ?us a v small b$ w provide a lot ( plants4 ,:5 prick$ out1 ! plants %\ld be six in*es ap>t ea* way1 & !y %\ld g to f9al qu>t]s z soon z ! leaves t\* "o ano!r4 ,on ! flat1 a fair di/ance betwe5 ,borecoles is two feet ap>t ea* way1 b "s vigor\s k9ds 9 good gr\nd w pay = ano!r foot ( space1 & w yield enorm\s crops :5 _! "t arrives4 ,transplant+ is usually done 9 ,june & ,july1 & 9 _m g>d5s ,kales are plant$ betwe5 ! r[s ( second-e>ly or ma9crop ,potatoes4 ,! "w %\ld be done dur+ %[]y wea!r if possible1 b ^! ,brassicas h an a/oni%+ degree ( vitality4 ,if put out dur+ dr\ght v little wat] is requir$ to />t !m1 & z ! cool wea!r returns !y w gr[ ) vig\r4 ,b good cultivation saves a plant f extreme conditions2 & x is an excell5t practice to dig 9 gre5 manure :5 prep>+ gr\nd = ,kales1 because a free summ] gr[? is ne$ful to ! =mation ( a /\t productive plant4 ,we h sugge/$ t two s[+s may be reg>d$ z g5]ally suffici5t1 b we are b\nd to take notice ( ! fact t ! late supplies ( ^! vegetables are sometimes disappo9t+4 ,9 a mild w9t] ! ,kales res]v$ = use 9 spr+ w be likely to gr[ :5 !y %\ld /& /ill1 & at ! fir/ break ( pleasant spr+ wea!r !y w bolt1 v mu* to ! vexation ( ^? :o expect$ _m a basket ( spr\ts f !m4 ,a ,may s[+ plant$ out 9 a cold place may /& )\t bolt+ until spr+ is some:at advanc$4 ,kale ( ! #8,asp>agus' type1 su* z ,sutton's ,fav\rite1 w (t5 prove successful :5 s[n z late z ,july4 ,z reg>ds ! v>ieties1 !y agree pretty ne>ly 9 con/itution1 al?\gh !y diff] mu* 9 appe>ance & 9 ! p[] ( resi/+ ! excitem5t ( spr+ wea!r4 ,b 9 ?is section ( vegetables !re are a few v int]e/+ subjects4 ,! ,v>iegat$ & ,cre/$ ,kales are extremely ornam5tal & em95tly useful 9 l>ge places = decorative purposes4 ,^! d n require s ri* a soil z ,sutton's ,a#a or ,curl$ ,scot*1 & !y mu/ h ! fulle/ exposure to br+ out _! peculi>ities4 ,x is f\nd t 9 some:at dry calc>e\s soils ^! plants acquire _! highe/ col\r & mo/ elegant proportions4 ,:5 plant$ by ! sides ( c>riage drives & 9 o!r places :]e _! col\rs may be suitably display$1 x is a good plan to cut (f ! heads soon aft] ! turn ( ! ye>1 z ?is promotes ! production ( side %oots ( ! mo/ beautiful fre% col\rs4 ,a crop ( ,kale may be advantage\sly foll[$ by ,cel]y4 ,,broccoli ,brassica ol]acea botrytis asp>agoides ,! great importance ( ?is crop is indicat$ by ! long li/ ( v>ieties & ! /ill long] li/ ( synonyms4 ,z a vegetable x ne$s no praise1 & our sole bus9ess w be to treat ( ! cultivation4 ,( necessity we beg9 ) g5]alities4 ,any good soil w gr[ ,broccoli1 b x is a /rong-l& plant1 & a well-till$ clay %\ld yield fir/-class crops4 ,b !re are s _m k9ds com+ into use at v>i\s seasons1 t ! cultivation may be reg>d$ z a some:at complex subject4 ,we w !re=e premise t ! be/ mu/ be made ( ! soil at comm&1 :atev] x may be4 ,! ,corni% gr[]s owe _! success 9 great "p to _! climate1 :i* c>ries _! crops ?r\gh ! w9t] unhurt2 b !y gr[ ,broccoli only on ri* soil1 & keep x 9 good he>t by means ( seawe$ & o!r f]tilis]s4 ,all ! details ( ,broccoli culture require a lib]al _s & c>eful att5tion1 & ! value ( a well-gr[n crop ju/ifies fir/-class treatm5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a badly-gr[n crop w n pay r5t = ! space x cov]s1 to say no?+ ( ! lab\r t has be5 devot$ to x4 ,! ,se$-b$4--,broccoli %\ld always be s[n on good se$-b$s & be plant$ out2 ! se$-b$s %\ld be n>r[1 say ?ree or ?ree & a half feet wide1 & ! se$ mu/ be s[n 9 drills half an in* deep at ! utmo/--less if possible2 & :]e sp>r[s haunt ! g>d5 x w be well to cov] ! b$s ) nett+1 or protect ! r[s ) wire pea gu>ds4 ,a quick way ( protect+ all r\nd se$s aga9/ small birds is to put a little r$ lead 9 a sauc]1 !n lightly spr9kle ! se$ ) wat] & %ake x ab\t 9 ! r$ lead4 ,n a bird or m\se w t\* se$ s treat$4 ,! se$-b$s mu/ be t5d$ ) scrupul\s c>e to keep d[n we$s & av]t o!r dang]s4 ,x is ( great importance to secure a robu/ plant1 %ort1 full ( col\r1 & free f club at ! root4 ,n[1 cleanl9ess is 9 itself a safegu>d4 ,x promotes a %ort /urdy gr[?1 because :]e !re are no we$s or o!r rubbi% ! "y plant has ample light & air4 ,e>ly ?9n+ & plant+ is ano!r important matt]4 ,if ! l& is n ready = plant+1 ?9 ! se$-b$ & prick out ! se$l+s4 ,a good crop ( ,broccoli is wor? any am\nt ( tr\ble1 al?\gh tr\ble ought to be an unkn[n ^w 9 ! diction>y ( a g>d5]4 ,manur+ ,gr\nd4--,z a rule1 ,broccoli %\ld be plant$ 9 fre% gr\nd1 &1 9 mild di/ricts1 if ! soil is 9 "s degree rank ) gre5 manure ! crop w be none ! worse = x4 ,b rank manure is n ne$ful2 a deep1 well-dug1 sweet loam w produce a heal?y gr[? & neat h&some heads4 ,h[ev]1 x is prop] to rem>k1 t if any rank manure is 9 ! way1 or if ! gr\nd is poor & wants x1 ! ,broccoli w take to x k9dly1 & all ! rankness w be gone long be=e !y produce _! creamy heads4 ,/ill1 x mu/ be cle>ly und]/ood t ! m g5]\s ! treatm5t1 ! m succul5t w be ! gr[?1 & 9 cold climates a succul5t condition may endang] ! crop :5 h>d wea!r sets 94 ,me?od ( ,plant+4--,broccoli foll[s well ^u ,peas1 e>ly ,potatoes1 e>ly ,fr5* ,beans1 & ,/rawb]ries t are dug 9 :5 ga!r$ f = ! la/ "t4 ,b x does n foll[ well ^u ,cabbage1 ,turnip1 or ,caulifl[]2 if ,broccoli mu/ foll[ any ( ^!1 dig deeply1 manure heavily1 & 9 plant+1 du/ a little fre%ly slak$ lime 9 ! holes4 ,! times ( plant+ w dep5d on ! /ate ( ! plants & ! prop] season ( _! head+ 94 ,b ev]y:]e & always ! plants %\ld be got out ( ! se$-b$ into _! p]man5t qu>t]s z soon z possible1 = ! long] !y /ay 9 ! se$-b$ ! m likely are !y to become drawn above & clubb$ bel[4 ,z reg>ds di/ances1 too1 ! soil1 ! v>iety1 & ! season mu/ be consid]$4 ,= all sorts ! di/ances range f two to two & a half feet2 & = mo/ ( ! m$ium-siz$ sorts t h to /& out ?r\gh ! w9t] = use 9 spr+1 a di/ance ( eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r in*es is usually en\gh1 because if !y are r close !y protect "o ano!r4 ,b ) /rong sorts 9 /rong soils & k9d climates1 two feet & a half e way is none too mu* ev5 = safe w9t]+4 ,plant firmly1 wat] if ne$ful1 & d n /9t x2 b1 if possible1 plant 9 %[]y wea!r1 & give no wat] at all4 ,wat]+ may save ! crop1 b ! f9e/ pieces ( ,broccoli are ^? t are secur$ )\t any wat]+ :atev]4 ,autumn ,broccoli4--,to gr[ ,autumn ,broccoli pr(itably1 s[ 9 ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 & ,april1 ! e>ly s[+s 9 a frame to insure vigor\s gr[?1 & ! lat] s[+s 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,plant out z soon z possible 9 fre% l& t has be5 deeply till$4 ,if ! soil is poor1 draw deep drills1 fill !m ) fat manure1 & plant by h&1 tak+ c>e to press r\nd ea* root crumbs f ! surface soil4 ,?is w give !m a good />t1 & !y w take c>e ( !mselves aft]w>ds4 ,:5 !y %[ signs ( head+ 91 run 9 %all[ drills ( ,prickly ,sp9a* betwe5 !m1 & z ?is comes up ! ,broccoli w be drawn1 leav+ ! ,sp9a* a fair *ance ( mak+ a good /ol5 crop1 ne$+ no special prep>ation :atev]4 ,ano!r s[+ ( ,broccoli may be made 9 ,may1 b ! e>ly s[+s1 if a little nurs$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 w pay be/1 because e>ly heads are sc>ce1 :]eas late ,broccoli are pl5tiful4 ,w9t] ,broccoli %\ld n be s[n be=e ! end ( ,m>* & !nce to ! end ( ,april4 ,z a rule1 ! ,april s[+ w make ! be/ crop1 al?\gh mu* dep5ds on season1 soil1 & climate4 ,beg9 to plant out e>ly1 & cont9ue plant+ until a suffici5t bread? ( gr\nd is cov]$4 ,)9 reasonable limits x w be f\nd t ! "t ( plant+ does n mu* affect ! date :5 ! heads turn 91 & only 9 a mod]ate degree influ5ces ! size ( !m4 ,spr+ ,broccoli are caprici\s1 no matt] :at ! _w may say4 ,x w occasionally happ5 t sorts plant$ = cutt+ late 9 spr+ w turn 9 e>li] ?an !y are want$1 & ! sun r ?an ! se$sman mu/ be blam$ = _! precocity4 ,9 av]age seasons ! late sorts turn 9 late2 b ! ,broccoli is a s5sitive plant1 & unseasonable w>m? results 9 premature developm5t4 ,s[ ! ,spr+ ,broccoli 9 ,april & ,may1 ! ,april s[+ be+ ! m important4 ,x w n d1 h[ev]1 to foll[ a /rict rule save to ?is effect1 t e>ly & late s[+s are ! lea/ likely to succe$1 :ile mid-season s[+s--say f ! middle ( ,april to ! middle ( ,may--w1 z a rule1 make ! be/ crops4 ,:]e !re is a con/ant dem& = ,broccoli 9 ! e>ly mon?s ( ! ye>1 two or ?ree small s[+s w be bett] ?an "o l>ge s[+4 ,summ] ,broccoli are useful :5 ,peas are late1 & !y are always ov] 9 "t to make way = ! glut ( ! ,pea crop4 ,late ,que5 may1 9 av]age seasons1 be cut at ! end ( ,may & sometimes 9 ,june1 if s[n ab\t ! middle ( ,may 9 ! previ\s ye>1 & c>efully manag$4 ,?is excell5t v>iety c1 z a rule1 be reli$ on1 bo? to )/& a sev]e w9t] 9 an expos$ situation & to keep up ! supplies ( fir/-class vegetables until ! fir/ crop ( ,caulifl[] is ready1 & ,peas are com+ 9 freely4 ,g5]ally speak+1 smalli% heads1 neat 9 %ape & pure 9 col\r1 are pref]r$4 ,!y are ! mo/ pr(itable z a crop & ! mo/ acceptable = ! table4 ,an op51 breezy place %\ld be select$ = a plantation ( late ,broccoli1 ! l& well dra9$1 & x ne$ n be made p>ticul>ly ri* ) manure4 ,b good l& is requir$1 ) pl5ty ( light & air to promote a dw>f /urdy gr[? & late turn+ 94 ,protection 9 ,w9t]4--,v>i\s plans are adopt$ = ! protection ( ,broccoli dur+ w9t]4 ,mu* is to be said 9 fav\r ( leav+ !m to ! risk ( all ev5ts1 = c]ta9 x is t f9] heads are obta9$ f undi/urb$ plants ?an by any int]f]5ce ) !m1 provid$ !y escape ! assaults ( w9t] fro/4 ,b 9 su* a matt] x is wise to be guid$ by ! light ( exp]i5ce4 ,9 cold di/ricts1 & on wet soils :]e ,broccoli d n w9t] well1 heel+ ov] may be adopt$4 ,!re are sev]al ways ( accompli%+ ! task1 ! mo/ successful me?od be+ manag$ ?us4 ,op5 a tr5* at ! nor!rn end1 & g5tly pu% ov] ea* plant 9 ! fir/ r[ s t ! heads incl9e to ! nor?4 ,put a little m\ld ov] ea* /em to settle x1 b d n e>? x up any m ?an is ne$ful to r5d] x secure4 ,pu% ov] ! next r[1 & ! next1 & s on1 f9i%+ (f betwe5 !m neatly & leav+ ! plants ne>ly z !y 7 be=e1 save t !y n[ all look nor?w>d1 & _! slop+ /ems are a little deep] 9 ! e>? ?an !y 7 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,?is %\ld be done dur+ f9e wea!r 9 ,novemb]1 & if ! plants flag a little !y %\ld h "o good wat]+ at ! roots4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ab\t t5 days x w be sc>cely p]ceptible t !y h be5 op]at$ on4 ,!y may be lift$ & replant$ ) _! heads to ! nor?1 b ?is is apt to *eck !m too mu*4 ,9 exceptionally cold seasons cov] ! plot ) /raw or brack51 b ?is mu/ be remov$ 9 wet wea!r4 ,:5 x is se5 t ! heads are =m+ & h>d wea!r is appreh5d$1 "s gr[]s take !m up ) good balls ( e>? & plant !m 9 a frame1 or ev5 pack !m neatly 9 a cell>1 & ! heads f9i% fairly well1 b n s well z undi/urb$ plants4 ,x is impossible1 h[ev]1 to cut good heads 9 a v sev]e w9t] )\t "s su* protective measures4 ,9 _m g>d5s glass is employ$ = protect+ ,w9t] ,broccoli1 9 :i* case ! plantations are s %ap$ t ! frames w be easily adapt$ to !m )\t any di/urbance ( ! plants :atev]4 ,!re mu/ be all[$ a good space betwe5 ! b$s to be cov]$1 & ! plants mu/ be fifte5 to eighte5 in*es ap>t1 ) ! object ( protect+ ! l>ge/ numb] by means ( a giv5 /ock ( frames4 ,spr\t+ ,broccoli1 bo? :ite & purple1 are invaluable to supply a l>ge bulk ( a mo/ acceptable vegetable 9 w9t] & e>ly spr+4 ,s[ 9 ,april & ! plants may be treat$ 9 ! same way z o!r h>dy w9t] gre5s4 ,!y %\ld h ! mo/ lib]al culture possible1 = :i* !y w n fail to make an ample return4 ,! ,purple ,spr\t+ ,broccoli is a fav\rite vegetable 9 ! kit*51 because ( its fre$om f ! attacks ( all k9ds ( v]m94 ,,brussels ,,spr\ts ,brassica ol]acea bullata gemmif]a ,brussels ,spr\ts are ev]y:]e reg>d$ z ! f9e/ autumnal vegetable ( ! /rictly gre5 class4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 (t5 v poorly gr[n1 because ! fir/ pr9ciple ( success--a long gr[+ season--is n recognis$4 ,x is 9 ! p[] ( ! cultivator to secure ?is by s[+ se$ at ! end ( ,febru>y1 or e>ly 9 ,m>*1 on a b$ ( light ri* soil made 9 a frame1 & f ! frame ! plants %\ld be prick$ out into an op5 b$ ( simil> light fre% soil z soon z !y h made half a doz5 leaves4 ,f ?is b$ !y %\ld be transf]r$ to _! p]man5t qu>t]s be=e !y cr[d "o ano!r1 ! object be+ at ea* /age to obta9 free gr[? ) a /urdy habit1 = m]e l5g? ( /em is no advantage2 x is a disadvantage :5 ! plant is defici5t ( correspond+ sub/ance4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be made q firm1 9 ord] to enc\rage robu/ gr[? :i* 9 turn w produce %apely solid buttons4 ,?is crop is (t5 gr[n on ,potato l&1 ! plants be+ put out betwe5 ! r[s 9 ! c\rse ( ! summ]4 ,x is bett] practice1 h[ev]1 to plant ,kales or ,broccoli 9 ,potato gr\nd1 because ( ! comp>ative sl[ness ( _! gr[?1 & to put ! ,spr\ts on an op5 plot freely dress$ ) some:at fre% manure4 ,if a fir/-class /ra91 su* z ,sutton's ,exhibition1 is gr[n1 x w n only pay = ?is little extra c>e1 b w pay also = pl5ty ( room1 say two & a half feet ap>t e way at ! lea/2 & "o lot1 made up ( ! /ronge/ plants drawn sep>ately1 may be 9 r[s ?ree feet ap>t1 & ! plants two & a half feet asund]4 ,= ! compact-gr[+ v>ieties two feet ap>t ea* way w g5]ally suffice4 ,ma9ta9 a good til? by ! frequ5t use ( ! hoe dur+ summ]1 & z autumn approa*es regul>ly remove all decay+ leaves4 ,^? :o h be5 accu/om$ to treat ,spr\ts & ,kales on "o uni=m r\gh plan w be surpris$ at ! result ( ! r\t9e we n[ recomm5d4 ,! plants w button f ! gr\nd l9e to ! top1 & ! buttons w set s closely t1 once tak5 (f1 x w be impossible to replace !m4 ,mod]ate-siz$1 sph]ical1 close1 grass-gre5 ,spr\ts are ev]y:]e e/eem$1 & !re is no?+ 9 ! season m attractive 9 ! m>kets4 ,crops treat$ z advis$ w give e>ly supplies ( ! v f9e/ ,spr\ts4 ,= successional crops x w be suffici5t to s[ 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 ! latt] "p ( ,m>*1 or e>ly 9 ,april1 & plant out 9 ! usual mann]2 9 o!r words1 to treat 9 ! commonplace way ( ! ord9>y run ( ,borecoles4 ,) a good season & 9 suitable gr\nd !re w be an av]age crop1 :i* w probably hold out f> into ! w9t]4 ,x is important to ga!r ! crop sy/ematically4 ,! ,spr\ts are p]fect :5 r\nd & close1 ) n a leaf unfold$4 ,!y c be snapp$ (f rapidly1 & :]e ! quantity is consid]able !y %\ld be sort$ into sizes4 ,! season ( use w be greatly prolong$1 & ! t5d5cy ( ! ,spr\ts to bur/ be less5$1 if ! head is cut la/ ( all4 ,,cabbage ,brassica ol]acea capitata ,! ,cabbage is a great subject1 & competes ) ! ,potato = pre-em95ce 9 ! cottage g>d51 9 ! m>ket g>d51 & on ! f>m1 sometimes ) su* success z to prove ! bett] pay+ crop ( ! two4 ,x may be said 9 a g5]al way t a ,cabbage may be gr[n almo/ any:]e & anyh[2 t x w ?rive on any soil1 & t ! se$ may be s[n any day 9 ! ye>4 ,all ?is is ne>ly possible1 & proves t we h a wond]ful plant to deal )2 b x is too good a fri5d ( man to be treat$1 ev5 9 a book1 9 an (f-h& mann]4 ,! ,cabbage may be call$ a lime plant1 & a clay plant2 b1 l almo/ e o!r plant t is wor? gr[+1 a deep well-till$ loam w suit x bett] ?an any o!r soil "u ! sun4 ,x has "o p]si/5t plague only4 ,n ! ,cabbage butt]fly2 = al?\gh t is occasionally a tr\blesome sc\rge1 x is n p]si/5t1 & may be almo/ invisible = ye>s toge!r4 ,nor is x ! aphis1 al?\gh 9 a hot dry season t pe/ is a fell de/roy] ( ! crop4 ,! great plague is club or anbury1 = :i* !re is no direct rem$y or prev5tive kn[n4 ,b indirectly ! foe may be f\ght successfully4 ,! crop %\ld be mov$ ab\t1 & :]ev] ,cabbage has be5 gr[n1 :e!r 9 a m]e se$-b$ or plant$ out1 x %\ld be gr[n no m until ! gr\nd has be5 well till$ & put to o!r uses = "o ye> at lea/1 & bett] if = two or ?ree ye>s4 ,!re are happy l&s :]eon club has nev] be5 se51 & ! way to keep ^! cle> ( ! pe/ is to practise deep digg+1 lib]al manur+1 & *ang+ ! crops to diff]5t gr\nd z mu* z possible4 ,a mild outbreak ( club may g5]ally be met by fir/ remov+ ! w>ts f ! "y plants1 & !n dipp+ !m 9 a puddle made ( soot1 lime1 & clay4 ,b :5 x appe>s badly among/ ! =w>d plants1 _! gr[? is arre/$1 ! plot becomes (f5sive1 & ! only c\rse left is to draw ! bad plants1 burn !m1 & give up ,cabbage gr[+ on ^? qu>t]s = sev]al ye>s4 ,! "q z to :y ! roots ( brassicace\s plants are subject to ?is sc\rge on "s soils1 :ile plants f ! same se$-b$ rema9 heal?y :5 transf]r$ to diff]5t l&1 is deeply int]e/+1 & ! subject is discuss$ lat] on 9 ! *apt] on #8,! ,fungus ,pe/s ( c]ta9 ,g>d5 ,plants4' ,"h x is suffici5t to say t ! pres5ce ( ! disease is g5]ally an indication t ! soil is defici5t 9 lime4 ,a dress+ at ! rate ( f #ad to #bh or ev5 #ef p\nds p] squ>e pole may be necess>y to re/ore heal?y conditions4 ,! outlay w n be wa/$1 = lime is n m]ely a prev5tive1 x has (t5 an almo/ magical influ5ce on ! f]tility ( l&4 ,= g5]al purposes ,cabbages may be classifi$ z e>ly & late4 ,! e>ly k9ds are extremely valuable = _! e>l9ess1 b only a suffici5t quantity %\ld be gr[n1 because1 z comp>$ ) mid-season & late sorts1 !y are less pr(itable4 ,9 ! s*eme ( cropp+ x may be reckon$ t a pay+ crop ( ,cabbage w occupy ! gr\nd ?r\gh a :ole ye>2 = al?\gh ?is may n be an exact /atem5t1 ! gr[+ "t w be pretty well gone be=e ! gr\nd is cle>4 ,aft] ,cabbage1 none ( ! ,brassica tribe %\ld be put on ! l&1 &1 if possible1 ! crop to foll[ %\ld be "o requir+ less ( sulphur & alkalies1 = ( ^! ! ,cabbage is a great consum]1 h5ce ! ne$ = abundant manur+ 9 prep>ation = x4 ,! pres5ce ( sulphur expla9s ! (f5siv5ess ( ! exhalations f ,cabbage :5 9 a /ate ( decay4 ,spr+-s[n ,cabbage = ,summ] & ,autumn use4--,to insure ! be/ succession ( ,cabbage x w be necess>y to recognise f\r di/9ct s[+s1 any ( :i*1 save ! autumnal s[+1 may be omitt$4 ,beg9 ) a s[+ ( ! e>lie/ k9ds 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y4 ,= ?is1 pans or boxes mu/ be us$1 & ! se$ %\ld be />t$ 9 a pit or frame1 or 9 a cool gre5h\se4 ,:5 =w>d en\gh1 prick out 9 a b$ ( light ri* soil 9 a cold frame1 & give pl5ty ( air4 ,be=e ! se$l+s become cr[d$ h>d5 !m (f & plant out1 tak+ c>e to lift !m t5d]ly ) e>? atta*$ to _! roots to m9imise ! *eck4 ,^! w he>t quickly & be valu$ z summ] ,cabbages4 ,! second s[+ is to be made 9 ! la/ week ( ,m>*1 & to consi/ ( e>ly k9ds1 includ+ a few ( ! be/ type ( ,coleworts4 ,z ^! advance to a plant+ size1 !y may be put out a few at a "t z plots become vacant1 & !y w be useful 9 v>i\s ways f ,july to ,novemb] or lat]4 ,a ?ird s[+ may be made 9 ! fir/ or second week ( ,may ( small sorts & ,coleworts2 & ^! aga9 may be plant$ out z opportunities occur1 bo? 9 vacant plots = he>t+ late 9 ! ye>1 & z /ol5 crops 9 odd places to draw :ile "y4 ,! second & ?ird s[+s ne$ n be prick$ out f ! se$-b$1 b may be tak5 direct !refrom to ! places :]e !y are to f9i% _! c\rse4 ,9 plant+ out1 ! spac+ mu/ be regulat$ accord+ to ! size ( ! v>iety gr[n4 ,if put out 9 b$s1 ! plants may be plac$ f "o to two feet ap>t1 & ! r[s "o & a half to two feet asund]4 ,all plant+ %\ld be done 9 %[]y wea!r if possible1 or ) a fall+ b>omet]4 ,x may n always be conv5i5t to wait = ra91 & happily x is a peculi>ity ( ,brassicas1 & ( ,cabbage 9 p>ticul>1 t ! plants w endure1 aft] removal1 heat & dr\ght = "s "t ) b little h>m1 & aga9 gr[ freely aft] ra9 has fall54 ,b good cultivation has 9 view ! prev5tion ( any su* *eck4 ,at ! be/ x is a s]i\s loss ( "t 9 ! brief gr[+ season4 ,!re=e 9 dr\ghty wea!r x w be advisable to draw %all[ furr[s & wat] ^! a day 9 advance ( ! plant+1 & if lab\r & /uff c be f\nd x w be well to lay 9 ! furr[s a spr9kl+ ( %ort mul*y manure to foll[ in/antly ^u ! wat]+2 !n plant ) ! dibb]1 & ! "w is done4 ,if ! mul* _c be af=d$1 wat] mu/ be giv51 & to wat] ! furr[s 9 advance is bett] ?an wat]+ aft] ! plant+1 z a few obs]vations w effectually prove4 ,if dr\ght cont9ues1 wat] %\ld be giv5 aga9 & aga94 ,! tr\ble mu/ be c\nt$ z no?+ comp>$ ) ! c]ta9 loss ( "t :ile ! plant /&s /ill1 to become1 p]haps1 infe/$ ) blue aphis1 & utt]ly ru9$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 a little wat] may be made to g a long way1 & e drop judici\sly adm9i/]$ w m ?an repay its co/4 ,! use ( ! hoe w greatly help ! gr[?1 & a little e>? may be drawn t[>ds ! /ems1 n to ! ext5t ( #8m\ld+-up1' = t is injuri\s1 b to #8firm' ! plants 9 "s degree aga9/ ! gales t are to be expect$ z ! days decl9e4 ,autumn-s[n ,cabbage = ,spr+ & ,summ] use4--,! f\r?1 or autumn1 s[+ is by f> ! mo/ important ( ! ye>1 & ! exact "t :5 se$ %\ld be put 9 des]ves c>eful consid]ation4 ,a /rong plant is want$ be=e w9t]1 b ! gr[? mu/ n be s f> advanc$ z to /& 9 p]il f sev]e & prolong$ fro/4 ,!re is also ! risk t plants :i* are too =w>d may bolt :5 spr+ arrives4 ,9 "s di/ricts x is ! practice to s[ 9 ,july1 & to ^? :o f9d ! results entirely satisfactory we h no?+ to say4 ,our own exp]im5ts h conv9c$ u t1 = ! s\!rn c\nties1 ,augu/ is pref]able1 & x is wise to make two s[+s 9 t mon?1 ! fir/ q e>ly & ! second ab\t a =tnight lat]4 ,"h x is necess>y to obs]ve t ! selection ( suitable v>ieties is ( ev5 great] consequ5ce ?an ! date ( s[+4 ,a consid]able numb] ( ! ,cabbages :i* possess a recognis$ value = spr+ s[+ are comp>atively useless :5 s[n 9 ,augu/4 ,success dep5ds on ! capability ( ! plant to =m a he>t :5 ! w9t] is pa/ in/ead ( />t+ a se$-/em1 & ?is r$uces ! *oice to v n>r[ limits4 ,among ! few ,cabbages :i* are specially adapt$ = ,augu/ s[+1 ,sutton's ,h>b+]1 ,april1 ,fl[] ( ,spr+1 ,fav\rite1 & ,imp]ial may be fav\rably m5tion$1 & ev5 9 small g>d5s at lea/ two v>ieties %\ld be s[n4 ,:]e ,spr+ ,cabbages manife/ an unusual t5d5cy to bolt1 s[+ late 9 ,augu/1 foll[$ by late plant+1 w g5]ally prove a rem$y1 always assum+ t suitable v>ieties h be5 s[n4 ,! plant+ ( autumn-s[n ,cabbages %\ld be on well-made gr\nd1 foll[+ ,peas1 ,beans1 or ,potatoes1 & z mu* manure %\ld be dug 9 z c be sp>$1 = ,cabbage w take all x c get 9 ! way ( n\ri%m5t4 ,if ! entire crop is to be left = he>t+1 a m9imum ( fifte5 in*es ea* way w be a safe di/ance = ! smalle/ v>ieties4 ,suppos+ e alt]nate plant is to be drawn "y = consumption z ,coleworts1 a foot ap>t w suffice1 b 9 ?is case ! surplus plants mu/ be cle>$ (f by ! "t spr+ gr[? comm5ces4 ,?is proc$ure w leave a crop = he>t+ two feet ap>t1 & :5 ! heads are cut ! /umps w yield a supply ( ,spr\ts4 ,z ^! ,spr\ts appe> :5 vegetables are none too pl5tiful1 !y are welcome 9 _m h\seholds1 & make a really delicate di% ( gre5s4 ,by s[+ quick-gr[+ v>ieties ( ,cabbage 9 drills dur+ ,july & ,augu/1 & ?9n+ ! plants e>ly1 ?us avoid+ ! *eck ( transplant+1 heads may (t5 be _h fit = cutt+ 9 ,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,! ,r$ ,cabbage is gr[n = pickl+ & also = /ew+1 be+ 9 dem& at _m tables z an accompanim5t to roa/$ p>tridges4 ,! plant requires ! be/ gr\nd t c be provid$ = x1 ) d\ble digg+ & pl5ty ( manure4 ,two s[+s may be made1 ! fir/ 9 ,april = a supply 9 autumn = cook+1 & ! second 9 ,augu/ = a crop to /& ! w9t] & to supply l>ge heads = pickl+4 ,,savoy ,,cabbage ,brassica ol]acea bullata ,! ,savoy ,cabbage is directly relat$ to ,brussels ,spr\ts1 ?\gh diff]+ imm5sely 9 appe>ance4 ,x is ( great value = ! bulk ( food x produces1 z well z = its quality z a table vegetable dur+ ! autumn & w9t]4 ,9 all ! ess5tial po9ts ! ,savoy may be gr[n 9 ! same way z any o!r ,cabbage1 b x is ! g5]al practice to s[ ! se$ 9 spr+ only1 ! "t be+ det]m9$ by requirem5ts4 ,= an e>ly supply1 s[ 9 ,febru>y 9 a frame1 & 9 an op5 b$ 9 ,m>*1 ,april1 & ,may = succession4 ,?is vegetable ne$s a ri* deep soil to produce f9e heads1 b x w pay bett] on poor soil ?an mo/ o!r k9ds ( ,cabbage1 m especially if ! small] sorts are select$4 ,savoys are n pr(itable 9 ! =m ( ,coll>ds2 h5ce x is advisable to plant 9 ! fir/ in/ance at ! prop] di/ances1 say twelve in*es = ! small sorts1 eighte5 = ^? ( m$ium gr[?1 & tw5ty to tw5ty-f\r :]e ! gr\nd is /rong & l>ge heads are requir$4 ,9 private g>d5s ! small] k9ds are mu* ! be/1 b ! m>ket gr[] mu/ give pref]5ce to ^? t make l>ge1 %[y heads4 ,,capsicum & ,,*ili ,capsicum annuum1 ,c4 baccatum ,capsicums & ,*ilis are s int]e/+ & ornam5tal t x is surpris+ !y are gr[n 9 comp>atively few g>d5s4 ,sometimes !re is reason to lam5t t ,cay5ne pepp] is col\r$ ) drugs1 b ! rem$y is )9 rea* ( ^? :o f9d ! culture ( ,capsicums easy1 & to comp\nd ! pepp] is n a difficult task4 ,! l>ge-fruit$ v>ieties may also be prep>$ 9 v>i\s ways = ! table1 if ga!r$ :ile q "y & be=e ! fruits *ange col\r4 ,! cultivation ( ,capsicums is a fairly simple matt]4 ,! be/ c\rse ( proc$ure is to s[ se$ ?9ly 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* 9 pots or pans ( f9e soil plac$ on a g5tle hot-b$ or 9 a h\se :]e ! temp]ature is ma9ta9$ at ab\t #ee4 ,pot on ! "y plants z !y develop & keep !m gr[+ )\t a *eck4 ,spray twice daily1 = ,capsicums require atmosph]ic moi/ure & ! ,r$ ,spid] is p>tial to ! plant4 ,nice specim5s may be gr[n 9 pots five to eight in*es 9 diamet]1 beyond :i* x is n desirable to g1 & z ! summ] advances ^! may be tak5 to ! cons]vatory4 ,plants int5d$ = fruit+ 9 w>m positions out ( doors %\ld be h>d5$ (f 9 read9ess = transf] at ! end ( ,may4 ,9 g>d5s fav\rably situat$1 z are _m 9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl&1 x is suffici5t to s[ a p9* ( se$ on an op5 bord] 9 ! middle ( ,may1 & put a h& glass ov] ! spot4 ,! plants f ?is s[+ may be transf]r$ to any sunny position1 & w yield an abundant crop ( pepp]s4 ,! ,bird ,pepp] or ,*ili is gr[n 9 precisely ! same way z advis$ = ,capsicum4 ,to prep>e ! pods = pepp]1 put ! requir$ numb] into a wire basket1 & consign !m to a mild ov5 = ab\t twelve h\rs4 ,!y are n to be cook$1 b desiccat$1 & 9 mo/ cases an ord9>y ov51 ) ! door kept op5 to prev5t ! heat ris+ too high1 w answ] p]fectly4 ,be+ ?us prep>$1 ! next proce$+ is to p\nd !m 9 a mort> ) "o-f\r? _! weight ( salt1 :i* also %\ld be dri$ 9 ! ov51 & us$ :ile hot4 ,:5 f9ely p\nd$1 bottle securely1 & !re w be a p]fect sample ( ,cay5ne pepp] )\t any poison\s col\r+4 ,"o hundr$ ,*ilis w make ab\t two ounces ( pepp]1 :i* w be suffici5t 9 mo/ h\ses = "o ye>'s supply4 ,! l>ge ornam5tal ,capsicums may be put on /r+s1 & hung up 9 a dry /ore-room1 = use z requir$1 to flav\r s\ps1 make ,*ili v9eg>1 ,cay5ne ess5ce1 c4 ,! la/-nam$ condim5t is prep>$ by /eep+ ,capsicums 9 pure spirits ( w9e4 ,a few drops ( ! ess5ce may be us$ 9 any s\p1 or inde$ :]ev] ! flav\r ( ,cay5ne pepp] is requir$4 ,,c>doon ,cyn>a ,c>dunculus ,?is plant is ne>ly relat$ to ! ,globe ,arti*oke1 & x makes a /ately appe>ance :5 all[$ to fl[]4 ,al?\gh ! ,c>doon is n widely cultivat$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 x is f\nd 9 "s ( our be/ g>d5s1 & is und\bt$ly a :olesome escul5t f :i* a skilful cook w pres5t an excell5t di%4 ,! /alks ( ! inn] leaves are /ew$1 & are also us$ 9 s\ps1 z well z = salads1 dur+ autumn & w9t]4 ,! fl[]s1 aft] be+ dri$1 possess ! prop]ty ( coagulat+ milk1 = :i* purpose !y are us$ 9 ,france4 ,9 a ret5tive soil ,c>doons %\ld be gr[n on ! flat1 b ! plant is a tol]ably ?ir/y subject1 & mu/ h suffici5t wat]4 ,h5ce on v dry soils x may be necess>y to put x 9 tr5*es aft] ! mann] ( ,cel]y1 & !n x w obta9 ! full b5efit ( all ! wat] t may be adm9i/]$4 ,9 any case ! soil mu/ be ri* & well pulv]is$ if a satisfactory gr[? is to be obta9$4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,april r[s are m>k$ out ?ree or f\r feet ap>t1 & gr\ps ( se$ s[n at int]vals ( eighte5 in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,! plants are ?9n$ to "o at ea* /ation1 & 9 due "t secur$ to /akes4 ,full gr[? is atta9$ 9 ,augu/1 :5 blan*+ is comm5c$ by ga!r+ ! leaves toge!r1 wrapp+ !m r\nd ) b&s ( hay1 & e>?+ up4 ,x requires f eight to t5 weeks to accompli% ! object fully4 ,! ,fr5* me?od is quick]4 ,se$ is s[n 9 pots "u glass1 & 9 ,may ! plants are put out ?ree feet ap>t4 ,:5 fully gr[n ! ,c>doons are firmly secur$ to /akes by ?ree small /raw b&s4 ,a cov]+ ( /raw1 ?ree in*es ?ick1 is ?at*$ r\nd e plant f bottom to top1 & ea* top is ti$ & turn$ ov] l a nightcap4 ,a little soil is !n drawn to ! foot1 b e>?+ up is ne$less4 ,9 ab\t a mon? blan*+ is complet$4 ,,c>rot ,daucus ,c>ota ,! ,c>rot is a some:at fa/idi\s root1 = al?\gh x is gr[n 9 e g>d51 x is n ev]y:]e produc$ 9 ! be/ /yle possible4 ,! h&some long roots t are se5 9 ! lead+ m>kets are ! gr[? ( deep s&y soils well till$4 ,on heavy lumpy l& long clean roots _c be secur$ by any k9d ( tillage4 ,b = ^! unsuitable soils !re are ,sutton's ,e>ly ,gem1 ! ,*ampion ,horn1 & ,int]m$iate1 :i* require no great dep? ( e>?2 :ile = deep loams ! ,new ,r$ ,int]m$iate answ]s admirably4 ,=c+4--,c>rots are =c$ 9 frames on v g5tle hot-b$s4 ,!y _c be well gr[n 9 h\ses1 & !y mu/ be gr[n sl[ly to be palatable4 ,x is usual to beg9 9 ,novemb]1 & to s[ d[n a b$ e ?ree or f\r weeks until ,febru>y4 ,a la/+ hot-b$ is ( ! fir/ importance1 & x is !re=e necess>y to h a good supply ( /able manure & leaves4 ,! mat]ial %\ld be ?or\ghly mix$ & all[$ to f]m5t = a few days4 ,!n turn ! heap aga91 & a few days lat] ! b$ may be made up4 ,9 ord] to cons]ve ! heat ! mat]ial w ne$ to be ?ree to f\r feet deep1 & if a box frame is us$ ! b$ %\ld be at lea/ two feet wid] ?an ! frame4 ,build up ! mat]ial 9 ev51 well-consolidat$ lay]s1 to prev5t unequal & undue s9k+1 & make ! corn]s ( ! b$ p]fectly s\nd4 ,put on ! b$ ab\t "o foot dep? ( f9e1 ri* soil2 if !re is any difficulty ab\t ?is1 eight in*es mu/ suffice1 b twelve is to be pref]r$4 ,z ! season advances less f]m5t+ mat]ial w be ne$$1 & a simple b effective hot-b$ may be made by digg+ out a hole ( ! requir$ size & fill+ x ) ! manure4 ,! latt] w 9 due "t s9k1 :5 ! soil may be add$ & ! frame plac$ 9 position4 ,! b$ %\ld always be ne> ! glass1 & a great po9t is ga9$ if ! crop c be c>ri$ ?r\gh )\t once giv+ wat]1 = wat]+ t5ds to damage ! %ape ( ! roots4 ,no se$ %\ld be s[n until ! temp]ature has decl9$ to #hj4 ,s[ broadca/1 cov] ) sift+s j deep en\gh to hide ! se$1 & close ! frame4 ,if aft] an int]val ! heat rises above #gj1 give air to keep x d[n to t figure or to #fe4 ,x w probably decl9e to #fj by ! "t ! plant appe>s1 b if ! b$ is a good "o x w /& at t figure long en\gh to make ! crop4 ,?9 betimes to two or ?ree in*es1 give air at e opportunity1 let ! plant h all ! light possible1 & cov] up :5 h>d wea!r is expect$4 ,%\ld ! heat g d[n too soon1 l9+s mu/ be us$ to f9i% ! crop4 ,radi%es & o!r small ?+s c be gr[n on ! same b$4 ,9 cold frames se$ may be s[n 9 ,febru>y4 ,w>m ,bord]s4--,9 ,m>* ! fir/ s[+s on w>m bord]s 9 ! op5 g>d5 may be made4 ,^! may ne$ ! %elt] ( mats or old lights until ! plant has made a good />t1 b x is n (t5 ! plant suff]s 9 any s]i\s degree f spr+ fro/s1 z ! se$ w n g]m9ate until ! soil acquires a safe temp]ature4 ,all ! e>ly crops ( ,c>rot c be gr[n on a prep>$ soil1 or a light s&y loam1 free f rec5t manure4 ,! drills may be spac$ f six to n9e in*es ap>t4 ,= ! ma9 crops d\ble digg+ %\ld be practis$1 & if ! /aple is poor a dress+ ( half-rott5 dung may be put 9 ) ! bottom spit4 ,b a g5]al manur+ z = a surface-root+ crop is n to be ?\ght (1 ! sure effect be+ to cause ! roots to =k & fang mo/ injuri\sly4 ,x is s\nd practice to select = ,c>rots a deep soil t 0 heavily manur$ ! ye> be=e1 & to prep>e ?is by d\ble digg+ )\t manure 9 ! autumn or w9t]1 s z to h ! gr\nd well pulv]is$ by ! "t ! se$ is s[n4 ,!n dig x ov] "o spit deep1 break ! lumps1 & make se$-b$s f\r feet wide4 ,s[ 9 ,april & onw>ds 9 drills1 mix+ ! se$ ) dry e>?1 ! di/ance betwe5 r[s to be eight to twelve in*es accord+ to ! sort2 cov] ! se$ ) a spr9kl+ ( f9e e>? & f9i% ! b$ neatly4 ,z soon z possible ?9 ! crop1 b n to ! full di/ance 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,! f9al spac+ = ma9 crops may be f six to n9e in*es1 det]m9$ by ! v>iety4 ,by a little managem5t x w be an easy matt] dur+ %[]y wea!r to draw delicate "y ,c>rots = ! f9al ?9n+1 & ^! w admirably succe$ ! late/ ( ! s[+s 9 frames & w>m bord]s4 ,late ,crops4--,s[+s ( e>ly v>ieties made 9 ,july w give delicate little roots dur+ ! autumn & w9t]4 ,! r[s may be plac$ n9e in*es ap>t1 & x is ess5tial to ?9 ! plants e>ly to ab\t ?ree in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,9 ! ev5t ( v sev]e wea!r protect ) dry litt]4 ,= provid+ "y ,c>rots ?r\gh\t ! w9t] x is also an excell5t plan to broadca/ se$ ?9ly4 ,:5 gr[n 9 ?is way ! plants af=d ea* o!r protection1 & ! roots may be drawn imm$iately !y are l>ge en\gh4 ,9 ,july ! culture ( ! small] sorts may also be und]tak5 9 frames1 b hot-b$s may be disp5s$ )1 & lights w n be want$ until !re is a crop ne$+ protection1 :5 ! lights may be put on1 or ! frames may be cov]$ ) %utt]s or mats4 ,/or+4--,be=e autumn fro/s set 9 ! ma9 crop %\ld be lift$ & /or$ 9 dry e>? or s&1 ! tops be+ remov$ & ! e>? rubb$ (f1 b )\t any attempt to clean !m ?or\ghly until !y are want$ = use4 ,c>rots = ,exhibition4--,x w be f\nd well wor? :ile to give a little extra att5tion to ! prep>ation ( ! gr\nd :5 gr[+ ,c>rots = exhibition4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,beet & ,p>snip1 holes %\ld be bor$ to ! requisite dep? & ab\t "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,:]e ! soil is at all unfav\rable to ! gr[? ( clean symmetrical roots ! adoption ( ?is practice w be ess5tial to success4 ,any light soil ( good quality w be suitable = fill+ ! holes4 ,well firm ! mat]ial 9 & s[ ab\t half a doz5 se$s at a /ation1 ev5tually ?9n+ out to "o plant at ea*4 ,! t5d5cy ( ,c>rots to become gre5 at ! tops 9 ! lat] /ages ( gr[?1 ?us spoil+ !m = %[ "w1 may be prev5t$ by lightly cov]+ ! protrud+ portion ( ! root ) sift$ f9e e>?4 ,de/ructive ,enemies4--,! ,c>rot maggot & ! wire-worm are de/ructive enemies ( ?is crop4 ,9 a lat] *apt] on #8,! ,pe/s ( ,g>d5 ,plants1' bo? ^! foes are ref]r$ to4 ,"h x is only necess>y to say t s\nd judgm5t z to ! *oice ( gr\nd1 deep digg+1 & ! prep>ation ( ! b$s 9 good "t1 are ! prev5tives ( ^! z ( _m o!r g>d5 plagues4 ,x is (t5 obs]v$ t ma9 crops s[n e>ly 9 ,april suff] m ?an ^? s[n late1 & ! lesson is pla94 ,x has also be5 notic$ t :]e ! crops h suff]$ mo/ sev]ely ! l& 0 made ready 9 ha/e1 & ! wild birds _h no "t to purge x ( ! insects :i* !y daily seek = food4 ,,caulifl[] ,brassica ol]acea botrytis cauliflora ,?is f9e vegetable is manag$ 9 mu* ! same way z ,broccoli1 & x requires simil> conditions4 ,b x is less h>dy 9 con/itution1 m elegant 9 appe>ance1 m delicate on ! table1 & ne$s great] c>e 9 cultivation to insure satisfactory results4 ,z reg>ds soil1 ! ,caulifl[] ?rives be/ on v ri* gr\nd ( m$ium texture4 ,x w also d well on light l&1 if heavily manur$1 & quick gr[? is promot$ by abundant wat]+4 ,9 ,holl&1 ,caulifl[]s are gr[n 9 s& ) wat] at ! dep? ( a foot only bel[ ! surface1 & ! gr\nd is prep>$ by lib]al dress+s ( c[-manure1 :i*1 ) ! moi/ure ris+ f bel[1 promotes a quick gr[? & a f9e quality4 ,9 any case1 good cultivation is necess>y or ! crop w be wor?less2 & :atev] may be ! nature ( ! soil1 x mu/ be well brok5 up & lib]ally manur$4 ,9 g>d5s :]e ,caulifl[] are 9 great dem&1 an unbrok5 supply ( heads f ,may to ,novemb] may be obta9$ by select+ suitable v>ieties & ) c>eful managem5t ( ! crop4 ,b 9 arrang+ = a succession x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t "s v>ieties are specially adapt$ = produc+ heads 9 spr+ & summ]1 :ile o!rs are only suitable = use 9 late summ] & autumn4 ,= ,spr+ & ,e>ly ,summ] use4--,to h ,caulifl[] 9 p]fection 9 spr+ & e>ly summ]1 se$ %\ld be s[n 9 autumn4 ,! exact "t is a "q ( climate4 ,9 ! nor!rn c\nties ! middle ( ,augu/ is none too e>ly1 b = ! s\? se$ may be got 9 dur+ ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 accord+ to local conditions4 ,! mo/ satisfactory c\rse is to s[ 9 boxes1 plac$ 9 a cool gre5h\se or a cold frame1 or ev5 9 a %elt]$ spot out ( doors4 ,= ^! s[+s x is desirable to use poor soil ( a calc>e\s nature1 z at ?is p]iod ( ! ye> ! se$l+s are liable to damp (f 9 ri* e>?4 ,f ! comm5cem5t e endeav\r mu/ be made to keep ! gr[? /urdy & to avoid a *eck ( any k9d4 ,:5 ! plants h made "s progress1 prick !m (f ?ree in*es ap>t ea* way into frames = ! w9t]4 ,no elaborate appliances are necess>y4 ,a suitable frame may be easily con/ruct$ by erect+ wood5 sides ar\nd a prep>$ b$ ( soil1 ov] :i* lights1 w9d[ frames1 or ev5 a canvas cov]+ may be plac$4 ,brick pits1 or frames made ) turf walls1 w also answ] well4 ,! soil %\ld n be ri*1 or undesirable fle%y gr[? w result1 especially 9 a mild w9t]4 ,x is important to v5tilate freely at all times1 except dur+ sev]e wea!r :5 ! /ructures %\ld h ! protection ( mats or /raw1 & excessive moi/ure mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,z soon z conditions are fav\rable 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 transf] ! plants to op5 qu>t]s on ! be/ l& at comm&1 & give !m e possible c>e4 ,= ^! e>ly-matur+ v>ieties a space ( eighte5 in*es ap>t ea* way w g5]ally suffice4 ,) lib]al treatm5t1 vigor\s heal?y gr[? %\ld be made & heads ( ! f9e/ quality be ready = table f ,may onw>ds4 ,z we h already said1 ! be/ results ) e>ly ,caulifl[] are obta9$ f an autumn s[+1 b !re are _m gr[]s :o pref] to s[ 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y4 ,at ?is season ! se$ %\ld be />t$ 9 pans or boxes plac$ 9 a h\se j suffici5tly heat$ to exclude fro/4 ,prick out ! plants e>ly1 9 a frame or on a protect$ bord] made up ) light ri* soil1 & :5 /rong en\gh plant out on good gr\nd4 ,spr+ s[+s put out on poor l&1 or 9 dry seasons1 are sometimes disappo9t+1 because ! heads are too small to please ! majority ( gr[]s4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 ! soil is ri* & ! di/rict suitable !re is ?is advantage 9 quick cultivation1 t :ile "t is %ort5$ & ! worry ( w9t]+ is avoid$1 ! crop is saf] aga9/ button+ & bolt+1 :i* w occasionally occur if ! plants become too =w>d "u glass & receive a *eck :5 plant$ out4 ,9 well-prep>$ %elt]$ gr\nd se$ may also be s[n 9 ,m>* & ,april1 f :i* ! plants %\ld be prick$ out once be=e be+ transf]r$ to p]man5t positions4 ,occasional hoe+ betwe5 ! plants & heavy wat]+ 9 dry wea!r w mat]ially t5d to _! well-do+1 ! object be+ to ma9ta9 gr[? f ! fir/ )\t a *eck4 ,if ! plants turn 9 dur+ v hot wea!r1 snap "o ( ! inn] leaves )\t break+ x (f1 & b5d x ov] to protect ! head4 ,= use 9 ,late ,summ] & ,autumn4--,se$ may be s[n 9 ,april or v e>ly 9 ,may1 & :]e only "o s[+ is made ! fir/ week ( ,april %\ld be select$4 ,a f9e se$-b$ 9 a %elt]$ spot is desirable1 & z soon z ! se$l+s are l>ge en\gh !y %\ld be prick$ out1 ?ree in*es or s ap>t4 ,%ift to f9al qu>t]s :ile 9 a smalli% /ate4 ,if ! plants are all[$ to become some:at l>ge 9 ! se$-b$ !y are liable to #8button1' :i* means t small1 wor?less heads w be produc$ z ! result ( an untimely *eck4 ,! di/ances betwe5 ! plants may v>y f "o & a half to two feet or m1 & betwe5 ! r[s f two to two & a half feet1 accord+ to ! size ( ! v>iety4 ,if put out on good gr\nd1 ! crop w almo/ take c>e ( itself1 b %\ld ! plants ne$ wat] x mu/ be copi\sly giv54 ,cutt+ & ,pres]v+4--,! managem5t ( ! crop has be5 treat$ s f> z to gr[?1 b we mu/ n[ say a ^w ab\t its appropriation4 ,! two po9ts = practical consid]ation are1 h[ to economise a glut1 & h[ to avoid de/ruction by fro/4 ,caulifl[]s %\ld be cut at daybreak1 or z soon aft] z possible1 & be tak5 f ! gr\nd ) ! dew ^u !m4 ,if cut aft] ! dew has evaporat$1 ! heads w be inf]ior by sev]al degrees z comp>$ ) ^? cut at ! dawn ( ! day4 ,:5 ! heads appe> at too rapid a rate = imm$iate consumption1 draw ! plants1 all[+ ! e>? to rema9 atta*$ to ! roots1 & susp5d !m head d[nw>ds 9 a cool1 d>k1 dry place1 & e ev5+ give !m a light %[] ( wat] f a syr+e4 ,! det]ioration w be b trifl+1 & ! ga9 may be consid]able1 b if left to battle ) a burn+ sun ! ,caulifl[]s w c]ta9ly be ! worse = x4 ,aft] be+ kept 9 ?is way = a week1 !y w /ill be good1 al?\gh1 l o!r pres]v$ vegetables1 !y w n be s good z ^? fre%ly cut & 9 _! prime4 ,x (t5 happ5s t fro/ occurs be=e ! crop is f9i%$4 ,a simil> plan ( pres]v+ ^? t are turn+ 9 may be adopt$1 b x is bett] to bury !m 9 s& 9 a %$ or "u a wall1 &1 if kept dry1 !y may rema9 s\nd = a mon? or m4 ,caulifl[] = ,exhibition4--,on ! exhibition /age few vegetables w9 great] admiration ?an well-gr[n heads ( ,caulifl[]4 ,inde$1 ,caulifl[] & ,broccoli1 9 _! respective seasons1 are indisp5sable items 9 ! composition ( any fir/-class collection4 ,by closely foll[+ ! cultural directions conta9$ 9 ! =ego+ pages no difficulty %\ld be exp]i5c$ 9 obta9+ heads ( ! f9e/ texture & spotless purity dur+ _m mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,! degree ( success a*iev$ is g5]ally 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( att5tion devot$ to m9or details4 ,select ! mo/ robu/ plants & treat !m g5]\sly4 ,z soon z ! heads are =m$1 exam9e !m frequ5tly to prev5t disfiguration by v]m94 ,! be/ p]iod ( ! day = cutt+ has already be5 discuss$4 ,d n all[ ! heads to /& a day long] ?an is necess>y1 & if n want$ imm$iately ! plants %\ld be lift$ & pres]v$ 9 ! mann] describ$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph4 ,,cel]y ,apium graveol5s ,cel]y is ev]y:]e e/eem$1 n only z a salad1 b z a :olesome & delici\s vegetable4 ,! crop requires ! v be/ ( cultivation1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 n to pu% ! gr[? too f>1 = ! gigantic ,cel]y occasionally se5 at ,%[s has1 g5]ally speak+1 ! quality ( size only1 be+ t\gh & ta/eless4 ,nev]!less1 ! sorts t are held 9 high fav\r by gr[]s ( prize ,cel]y are good 9 !mselves :5 gr[n to a mod]ate size2 x is ! =c+ sy/em alone t deprives !m ( flav\r4 ,yet ano!r precaution may be ne$ful to prev5t a mi%ap4 ,9 a hot summ]1 ,cel]y w sometimes #8bolt' or run up to fl[]1 9 :i* case x is wor?less4 ,?is may be ! fault ( ! cultivator m ?an ( ! se$ or ! wea!r1 = a *eck 9 _m cases ha/5s ! fl[]+ ( plants1 & x is n unusual = ,cel]y to receive a *eck ?r\gh mismanagem5t4 ,if s[n too e>ly1 x may be impossible to plant out :5 ( suitable size1 & ! consequ5t arre/ ( gr[? at a mo/ important /age may result 9 a disposition to fl[] ! fir/ ye>1 in/ead ( wait+ = ! second4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood1 !re=e1 t e>ly s[+ necessitates e>ly plant+1 & ! cultivator %\ld see 8 way cle>ly f ! comm5cem5t4 ,s[+ & ,transplant+4--,! #a/ ( ,m>* is e>ly en\gh = a fir/ s[+ any:]e ( a small v>iety1 & ?is w require a mild hot-b$1 or a place 9 ! propagat+ h\se4 ,s[ on ri* f9e soil 9 boxes1 cov] lightly1 & place 9 a temp]ature ( #fj4 ,:5 =w>d en\gh prick out ! plants on a ri* b$ close to ! glass1 9 a temp]ature ( #fj to #fe1 keep lib]ally moi/1 & give air1 at fir/ ) great caution1 b increas+ z ! natural temp]ature rises until ! lights c be remov$ dur+ ! day4 ,! plant may ?us be h>d5$ = a fir/ plant+ on a w>m bord] 9 a b$ consi/+ ( "o-half rott5 hot-b$ manure & "o-half ( turfy loam4 ,! b$ ne$ n be deep1 b x mu/ be con/antly moi/1 & old lights %\ld be at h& to give %elt] :5 ne$ful4 ,if well gr[n 9 tr5*es1 ?is fir/ crop w be ( excell5t quality1 & w come 9 e>ly4 ,= ! g5]al crop a second s[+ may be made ( ! f9e/ ,r$ & ,:ite v>ieties1 also on a mild hot-b$1 9 ! second week ( ,m>*1 & h treatm5t simil> to ! fir/1 b once prick+ out into ! op5 b$ w be suffici5t1 ! l>ge/ plants be+ put out fir/ at six in*es1 & to h %elt] if ne$ful2 o!r plant+s 9 ! same way to foll[ until ! se$-b$ is cle>$4 ,by good managem5t ?is s[+ may be made to s]ve ! purpose ( ?ree s[+s1 ! *ief po9t be+ to prick out ! mo/ =w>d plants on ano!r mild b$ z soon z !y are l>ge en\gh to be lift$1 & to make a succession f ! same se$-b$ z ! plants advance to a suitable size4 ,! ?ird & la/ s[+ may be made 9 ! second week ( ,april1 9 an op5 bord]1 on ri* light soil1 & %\ld h ! %elt] ( mats or old lights dur+ cold wea!r4 ,f ?is1 also1 !re %\ld be two or ?ree prick+s out1 ! fir/ to be transf]r$ to a bit ( h>d gr\nd1 cov]$ ) ab\t ?ree in*es ( ri* mul*y /uff1 9 ! w>me/ spot t c be f\nd1 & ! la/ to a simil> b$ on ! colde/ spot 9 ! g>d54 ,9 ! f9al plant+ ! same ord] %\ld be foll[$4 ,! result w be a prolong$ supply f "o s[+1 & ! fir/ lot w come 9 e>ly1 ?\gh s[n late1 if ! plants are kept gr[+ )\t a *eck1 & receive ?or\ghly g5]\s culture4 ,! plant+ out is an important matt]1 & ea* lot w require sep>ate treatm5t1 subord9ate to "o g5]al & v simple plan4 ,cel]y mu/ h ri* soil1 abundant moi/ure1 & mu/ be blan*$ to make x fit = table4 ,!re are v>i\s ways ( accompli%+ ^! ends1 al?\gh !y diff] b slightly1 & common s5se w guide u 9 ! matt]4 ,= ! e>lie/ crops ! gr\nd mu/ be laid out 9 tr5*es1 ) z mu* ri* /able manure dug 9 z c be af=d$4 ,to ov]do x 9 ?is respect seems impossible1 = ,cel]y1 l ,caulifl[]1 w gr[ freely 9 rott5 manure alone1 )\t any admixture ( loam4 ,! tr5*es %\ld be eighte5 in*es wide at bottom1 t5 in*es deep1 & f\r feet f c5tre to c5tre1 & %\ld run nor? & s\?4 ,! plants are to be c>efully lift$ ) a tr[el1 & plac$ six to n9e in*es ap>t 9 s+le or d\ble r[s1 & %\ld h wat] z plant$1 t !re may be no *eck4 ,9 a cold soil & a cold season ! tr5*es may be less 9 dep? by two or ?ree in*es ) advantage4 ,if dry wea!r ensues1 wat] mu/ be giv5 ungrudg+ly1 b e>?+ up %\ld n comm5ce until ! plant has made a full & pr(itable gr[?1 = ! e>?+ pretty well /ops ! gr[?1 & is b a f9i%+ process1 requir+ f five to sev5 weeks to br+ ! crop to p]fection4 ,! second lot c be put out 9 ! same way1 & o!r plant+s may foll[ at discretion2 b z ! season advances ! tr5*es mu/ be less deep4 ,e>?+ up is (t5 p]=m$ 9 a r\gh way1 z ?\gh ! plant 7 made ( wood in/ead ( ! mo/ delicate tissue4 ,! fir/ e>?+ %\ld be done ) a h&-=k1 & q loosely1 to all[ ! he>t ( ! plant room to exp&4 ,! result %\ld be a little r+ ( light e>? sc>cely press+ ! outside leaves1 & leav+ ! :ole plant z free z x 0 be=e4 ,a =tnight or s lat] ! e>?+ mu/ be c>ri$ a /age fur!r by means ( ! spade4 ,*op ! e>? ov]1 & lay x 9 heaps on ea* side ( ! plant4 ,!n ga!r a plant toge!r ) bo? h&s1 lib]ate "o h&1 & ) x br+ ! e>? to ! plant half r\nd ! base1 &1 *ang+ h&s1 pack up ! e>? on ! o!r side4 ,be c>eful n to press ! soil v close2 also avoid putt+ any crumbs into ! he>t ( ! plant2 & d n e>? high] ?an ! base ( ! leaves4 ,z soon z may be necess>y repeat ?is process1 c>ry+ ! e>? a /age high]2 & ab\t a week f ?is f9i% ! op]ation4 ,! top ( ! plant mu/ n[ be clos$1 & ! e>? c>efully pack$ s high t only ! v tops ( ! leaves are visible4 ,f9i% to a prop] slope ) ! spade1 b d n press ! plants unduly1 ! object be+ simply to obta9 a f9al gr[? ( ! inn]mo/ leaves 9 d>kness1 b o!rwise free f re/ra9t4 ,! ,b$ ,sy/em answ]s p>ticul>ly well = produc+ a l>ge supply ( ,cel]y ) ! lea/ am\nt ( lab\r4 ,?is me?od ( cultivation is also especially suitable = rais+ ,cel]y int5d$ to be s]v$ :5 boil$1 or = s\ps4 ,cel]y b$s are made f\r & a half feet wide & t5 in*es deep1 ! soil :i* is tak5 out be+ laid up 9 a slope r\nd ! outside ( ! b$1 & ! bank ?us =m$ may be plant$ ) any quick crop1 su* z ,dw>f ,beans4 ,! gr\nd w ne$ to be heavily manur$ 9 ! same mann] z = ! tr5* sy/em4 ,space ! plants six in*es ap>t 9 s+le or d\ble l9es1 z may be pref]r$1 & all[ n less ?an twelve in*es betwe5 ! r[s4 ,wat] mu/ be giv5 to ea* r[ z plant$2 aft]w>ds ! surface to be sev]al times *opp$ ov] ) ! hoe or a small =k1 & wat]+ repeat$ until ! plants h made a />t4 ,an easy means ( blan*+ is by ! use ( /iff pap] coll>s z describ$ bel[2 ano!r simple me?od is to place mats ov] ! tops ( ! plants :5 ne>ly full gr[n4 ,! b$ sy/em is n only economical1 b conv5i5t = %elt]+ 9 w9t]1 & %\ld h ! att5tion ( g>d5]s :o are expect$ to supply abundance ( ,cel]y ?r\gh\t ! w9t] & spr+1 = 9 su* cases a l>ge sample is n requir$1 b quality & cont9uance are ( importance4 ,x is a great po9t to keep ,cel]y unhurt by fro/ f> on 9 ! w9t]1 & ! advantage ( gr[+ ! late crops on dry light soil1 & on ! b$ sy/em1 w be se5 9 ! ease ) :i* ! plants c be pres]v$4 ,on heavy soil ,cel]y soon suff]s f fro/1 b n s readily on a soil naturally light & dry4 ,moreov]1 ! b$ sy/em all[s ( _m me?ods ( protection1 ) :atev] mat]ials are at comm&4 ,9 heavy soil f9e crops ( ,cel]y = autumn use may be gr[n1 b 9 consequ5ce ( ! liability ( ! plant to suff] by w9t] damp1 x is advisable to plant late crops on ! level1 & e>? up f ! adjo9+ plots 9 ord] to keep ! roots dry 9 w9t]4 ,ano!r /ep t[>ds secur+ a late supply consi/s 9 b5d+ ! tops on "o side at ! f9al e>?+1 :i* prev5ts ! trickl+ ( wat] into ! he>t ( ! plant dur+ heavy ra9 or sn[4 ,cel]y = ,exhibition4--,f ! op5+ p>agraph x w be ga!r$ t to produce extra f9e specim5s ( ,cel]y = exhibition v g5]\s treatm5t ( ! plants is necess>y4 ,ap>t f ! *oice ( v>ieties--& only ! f9e/ /ra9s %\ld be consid]$--f\r po9ts are ( especial importance to ! cultivator4 ,! gr\nd mu/ be lib]ally enri*$2 at no p]iod %\ld ! plant receive a *eck or suff] = want ( wat]2 !re mu/ be ! close/ inspection at frequ5t int]vals to prev5t disfiguration ( ! /alks or leaves by slugs1 snails1 or ! ,cel]y fly2 & f9ally ! op]ation ( blan*+ w ne$ great c>e & discretion4 ,^! po9ts h already be5 dealt ) at "s l5g?4 ,b on ! "q ( blan*+ x may be well to add t 9 ord] to insure p]fect specim5s1 free f blemi%1 artificial means ( "s k9d mu/ be adopt$ 9 place ( e>?+ up 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! use ( /rips ( good quality br[n pap] w prove bo? simple & effectual4 ,^! /rips ne$ n exce$ a wid? ( five or six in*es1 fre% b&s be+ add$ z gr[? develops4 ,tie !m securely ) raffia or tw9e1 mak+ due all[ance = expansion ( ! plant1 & :5 9 position c>efully draw ! soil t[>ds ! base4 ,! num]\s enemies ( ,cel]y1 su* z slugs1 snails1 ! mole-cricket1 & ! maggot1 d n s]i\sly int]f]e ) ! crop :]e good cultivation prevails1 b ! ,cel]y fly appe>s to be indiff]5t to good cultivation1 & !re=e mu/ be dealt ) directly4 ,du/+ ! leaves occasionally ) soot has be5 f\nd to op]ate b5eficially4 ,x %\ld be done dur+ ! mon? ( ,june on ! morn+s ( days t promise to be sunny4 ,if ! soot is put on c>elessly x w d m h>m ?an good2 a v f9e du/+ w suffice to r5d] ! plant di/a/eful to ! fly4 ,syr++ ! leaves ) wat] impregnat$ ) t> has also sav$ plants f attack4 ,:]e ! eggs are lodg$ ! leaves w soon appe> bli/]$1 & ! maggot )9 mu/ be cru%$ by p9*+ ! bli/] betwe5 ! ?umb & f+]4 ,leaves t are mu* bli/]$ %\ld be remov$ & burn$1 b to rob ! plants ( _m leaves w s]i\sly r$uce ! vig\r ( gr[?4 ,cel]iac1 or ,turnip-root$ ,cel]y1 is mu* priz$ on ! ,cont95t z a cook$ vegetable1 & z a salad4 ,9 ord9>y ,cel]y ! /em =ms a m]e basis to ! leaves1 b 9 ,cel]iac x is develop$ into a knob weigh+ f "o to five p\nds1 & ! root is m easily pres]v$ ?an ,cel]y4 ,:5 cook$ 9 ! same mann] z ,sea ,kale1 ,cel]y is well kn[n z a delicacy at ,engli% tables1 & ! cook$ ,cel]iac ranks 9 importance ) x1 ?\gh x af=ds q a diff]5t di%4 ,! /em or axis ( ! plant is us$1 & n ! /alks4 ,to gr[ f9e ,cel]iac a long season is requisite2 & !re=e x is advisable to s[ ! se$ 9 a g5tle heat e>ly 9 ,m>*1 & aft]w>ds prick out & treat z ,cel]y2 b aft] ! fir/ /age ! treatm5t is altoge!r diff]5t4 ,= ! plantation a light & ri* soil is requir$1 & :]e ! /aple is heavy1 a small b$ c easily be prep>$ by spread+ six in*es dep? ( any s&y soil ov] ! surface4 ,! plants mu/ be put out on ! level a foot & a half ap>t ea* way1 & be plant$ z %all[ z possible4 ,be=e plant+1 trim c>efully to remove lat]al %oots t might divide ! /ems1 & aft] plant+ wat] freely4 ,! cultivation w consi/ 9 keep+ ! crop clean1 & frequ5tly draw+ ! soil away f ! plants1 = ! m !y /& out ( ! gr\nd ! bett]1 provid$ !y are n di/ress$4 ,!y mu/ nev] /& /ill = want ( wat]1 or ! roots w n atta9 to a prop] size4 ,! lat]al %oots & fibres mu/ be remov$ to keep ! roots intact1 b n to su* an ext5t z to arre/ progress4 ,:5 a good gr[? has be5 made1 & ! season is decl9+1 cov] ! bulbs or /ems ) a ?9 coat ( f9e soil1 & 9 ! fir/ week ( ,octob] lift a portion ( ! crop & /ore x 9 s&1 all ! leaves be+ fir/ remov$1 except ^? 9 ! c5tre1 :i* mu/ rema91 or ! roots may wa/e _! en]gies 9 produc+ ano!r set4 ,! portion ( ! crop left 9 ! gr\nd w ne$ protection f fro/1 & ?is c be accompli%$ by e>?+ !m ov] ) soil tak5 f betwe5 ! r[s4 ,cel]iac is cook$ 9 ! same mann] z ,beet1 & requires ab\t ! same l5g? ( "t4 ,! /ems1 bulbs1 or roots 7= ! knobs1 :i* are true /ems1 are kn[n by v>i\s names7 are trimm$1 wa%$1 & put into boil+ wat] )\t salt or any flav\r+1 & kept boil+ until q t5d]2 !y may !n be p>$1 slic$1 & s]v$ ) :ite sauce1 or left uncut to be slic$ up = salads :5 cold4 ,,*icory ,ci*orium ,intybus ,a valuable addition to ! supply ( w9t] & spr+ roots4 ,:5 /ew$ & s]v$ ) melt$ butt]1 ,*icory be>s a slight resemblance to ,sea ,kale4 ,m frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 x is eat5 9 ! same mann] z ,cel]y1 ) *eese1 & x also makes an excell5t & mo/ :olesome salad4 ,all ! g>d5 v>ieties h be5 obta9$ f ! wild plant1 & "s ( ! /ocks %[ a decid$ t5d5cy to rev]t to ! wild condition4 ,x is !re=e important to s[ a c>efully select$ /ra91 or ! roots may be wor?less = produc+ heads4 ,se$ %\ld be s[n 9 ,may or ,june1 9 r[s "o foot ap>t1 & ! plants ?9n$ out to ab\t n9e in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,! soil mu/ be deep & ri*1 b free f rec5t manure1 except at a dep? ( twelve in*es1 :5 ! roots w atta9 ! size ( a good ,p>snip4 ,9 autumn ! roots mu/ be lift$ un9jur$ ) ! aid ( a =k1 & only a few at a "t1 z requir$4 ,aft] cutt+ (f ! tops j above ! cr[n1 !y c at once be />t$ into gr[?1 & x is ess5tial t ?is be made 9 absolute d>kness4 ,fr5* gr[]s plant 9 a w>m b$ ( ! temp]ature suit$ to ,mu%rooms1 b ?is treatm5t ru9s ! flav\r1 & has ! effect ( mak+ ! fibre ( ! leaves woolly4 ,x is f> simpl] & bett] to put ! roots into a cell> or %$ 9 :i* a temp]ature above ! freez+ po9t may be reli$ on1 & f :i* e ray ( light c be exclud$4 ,!y c be closely pack$ 9 deep boxes1 ) light soil or leaf-m\ld betwe54 ,if ! soil be fairly moi/1 wat]+ w n be necess>y = a mon?1 & _h bett] n be resort$ to until ! plants %[ signs ( flagg+4 ,in/ead ( boxes1 a c\ple ( long & v wide bo>ds1 /ood on edge & support$ f ! outside1 make a conv5i5t & effective tr\gh4 ,! pack+ ( ! roots ) soil c be comm5c$ at "o end1 & be gradually ext5d$ ?r\gh ! entire l5g?1 until ! "p fir/ us$ is ready = a fre% />t4 ,break+ ! leaves is bett] ?an cutt+1 & ga!r+ may beg9 ab\t ?ree weeks aft] ! roots are /or$4 ,f well-gr[n specim5s1 heads may be obta9$ equal to a compact ,cos ,lettuce1 & by a little managem5t x is easy to ma9ta9 a supply f ,octob] until ! end ( ,may4 ,! quantity ( salad+ to be obta9$ f a few roots is really a/oni%+4 ,,corn ,,salad ,val]ianella olitoria ,corn ,salad1 or ,lamb's ,lettuce1 s (t5 se5 on ,cont95tal tables1 is comp>atively unkn[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! reason = ?is is1 p]haps1 to be f\nd 9 ! fact t1 z a raw vegetable1 x is n p>ticul>ly palatable1 al?\gh :5 dress$ z a salad ) oil & ! usual condim5ts x is altoge!r delici\s1 & =ms a mo/ refre%+ episode 9 ! r\t9e ( a good d9n]4 ,corn ,salad is a plant ( quick gr[?1 & is valu$ = its e>ly appe>ance 9 spr+1 :5 elegant salads are mu* 9 reque/4 ,x may be mix$ ) o!r vegetables = ! purpose1 or s]v$ alone ) a little suitable prep>ation4 ,! mo/ important s[+s are made 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,se$ may1 h[ev]1 be s[n at any "t f ,febru>y to ,octob]1 b only ^? :o are accu/om$ to ! plant %\ld tr\ble to secure summ] crops2 :5 ,lettuces are pl5tiful ,corn ,salad is seldom requir$4 ,any good soil w gr[ x1 b ! situation %\ld be dry & op54 ,s[ 9 drills six in*es ap>t1 & ?9 to six in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,! crop is tak5 9 ! same way z ,sp9a*1 ei!r by ! removal ( sep>ate leaves or cutt+ ov] 9 tufts4 ,,c\ve ,,tron*uda ,brassica ol]acea co/ata ,c\ve ,tron*uda1 or ,portugal ,cabbage1 is a f9e vegetable t %\ld be gr[n 9 e g>d51 includ+ ^? 9 :i* ,cabbages g5]ally are n reg>d$ z ( mu* importance4 ,! plant is ( noble gr[?1 & 9 ri* gr\nd requires abundant room = ! spread ( its great leaves1 ! midribs ( :i* are ?ick1 :ite1 t5d]1 & :5 cook$ 9 ! same mann] z ,sea ,kale q sup]b 9 quality4 ,:5 a fair crop ( ^! midribs has be5 tak5 !re rema9s ! top ,cabbage1 :i* is excell5t4 ,two or ?ree s[+s may be made 9 ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 & ,april1 & ! e>ly ones mu/ be 9 heat4 ,transf] to ri* soil z e>ly z possible1 giv+ ! plants ample room1 f two to ?ree feet ea* way1 & aid ) pl5tiful supplies ( wat] 9 dry wea!r4 ,,cress ,lepidium sativum ,cress is be/ gr[n 9 small lots f frequ5t s[+s1 & ! sorts %\ld be kept sep>ate1 &1 if possible1 on ! same bord]4 ,fre% f9e soil is requisite1 & !re is no occasion = manur+1 9 fact x is objectionable1 b a *ange ( soil mu/ be made occasionally to insure a good gr[?4 ,! se$ is usually s[n too ?ick1 yet ?9 s[+ is n to be recomm5d$4 ,x is important to cut ,cress :5 x is j ready--t5d]1 gre51 %ort1 & plump4 ,?is x w nev] be if s[n too ?ick1 or all[$ to /& too long4 ,imm$iately ! plant gr[s beyond salad size x becomes wor?less1 & %\ld be dug 94 ,f small s[+s at frequ5t int]vals "u glass a con/ant supply ( ,cress may be kept up ?r\gh ! cold mon?s ( ! ye>1 = :i* purpose %all[ boxes or pans w be f\nd mo/ conv5i5t4 ,cress g5]ally requires r m "t ?an ,mu/>d4 ,am]ican or ,l& ,cress 7,b>b>ea prcox7 is ( excell5t quality :5 gr[n on a good bord]1 & two or ?ree s[+s %\ld be made 9 ! spr+ & autumn 9 %ady spots4 ,if ! site is n naturally moi/1 wat] mu/ be copi\sly giv54 ,wat] ,cress 7,na/urtium (fic9ale7 is s highly priz$ t _m :o are out ( ! rea* ( ord9>y s\rces ( supply w\ld gladly cultivate x 7 !re a reasonable prospect ( success4 ,ass]tions h be5 made t x c be gr[n 9 any g>d5 )\t wat]1 b we h nev] yet se5 a sample fit to eat :i* has be5 gr[n )\t assi/ance f ! wat] c4 ,a runn+ /ream is n necess>y4 ,make a tr5* 9 a %ady spot1 & well enri* ! soil at ! bottom ( x4 ,9 ?is s[ ! se$ 9 ,m>*1 & :5 ! plants are e/abli%$ keep ! soil well moi/5$4 ,! m freely ?is is done ! bett] w be ! result4 ,o!r s[+s may be made 9 ,april1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb]4 ,we h se5 ,wat] ,cress successfully cultivat$ 9 pots & pans imm]s$ 9 sauc]s ( wat] plac$ 9 %ady positions4 ,,cucumb] ,cucumis sativus ,! ,cucumb] is ev]y:]e valu$4 ,its exce$+ usefulness expla9s its popul>ity1 & happily ! plant is ( an accommodat+ "*4 ,9 l>ge e/abli%m5ts1 ,cucumb]s are gr[n at all seasons ( ! ye>2 9 m$ium-siz$ g>d5s1 summ] ,cucumb]s are g5]ally deem$ suffici5t1 & !re is no difficulty 9 gr[+ an abundant & cont9u\s supply ( ! f9e/ quality4 ,! w9t] cultivation dem&s suitable appliances & skilful managem5t2 b a v small h\se1 ) an effici5t heat+ app>atus1 w suffice to produce a l>ge & con/ant supply1 & !re=e w9t] ,cucumb]s ne$ n be reg>d$ z beyond ! range ( practice ( any ord9>y well-kept g>d54 ,frame ,cucumb]s are ! mo/ 9 dem&1 & ! easie/ to gr[4 ,! v fir/ po9t = ! cultivator is to det]m9e :5 to beg91 = ! rule is to beg9 too e>ly1 & to wa/e "t & opportunity 9 consequ5ce4 ,we w suppose ! ,cucumb]s are to be gr[n 9 a two-light frame1 = :i* w be requir$ f\r good c>tloads ( /able manure4 ,?is %\ld be put 9 a heap ?ree weeks be=e ! b$ is made up1 & ! b$ w h to la/ until ! season is suffici5tly advanc$ to su/a9 ! heat )\t any fur!r f]m5tation4 ,consid]+ ^! po9ts1 x w be und]/ood t x is a f> saf] proce$+ to beg9 ! fir/ week 9 ,april ?an ! fir/ week 9 ,m>*1 & unless ! way is cle>ly se51 ! lat] date is c]ta9ly pref]able1 = x r$uces to a m9imum ! conflict ) "t 9 ! matt] ( bottom heat4 ,make up ! heap2 !n1 e>ly 9 ,m>*1 turn x twice1 & at ! end ( ! mon? prep>e ! b$1 firm+ ! /uff ) a =k z ! "w proce$s1 b tak+ c>e n to tread on ! b$4 ,put on ! lights & leave ! affair = five or six days2 !n lay d[n a b$ ( ri* loamy soil ( a some:at light & turfy texture1 ab\t n9e in*es deep4 ,x is n[ optional to s[ or plant z may be mo/ conv5i5t4 ,/rong plants 9 pots1 put out at once1 w fruit e>li] ?an plants f se$s s[n on ! b$4 ,b s[+ on ! b$ is good practice = all t1 & if ?is plan is adopt$ a few m se$s mu/ be s[n ?an ! numb] ( plants requir$1 to provide a m>g9 = enemies2 any surplus plants w g5]ally prove useful1 = ,cucumb] plants seldom g begg+4 ,if x is pref]r$ to beg9 ) plants1 ! "q ( provid+ !m mu/ be consid]$ 9 good "t4 ,! se$ %\ld be s[n at lea/ a mon? 9 advance1 & %\ld be br\ght =w>d on a hot-b$ or 9 a cool "p ( a /ove4 ,_m a successful ,cucumb] gr[] has no bett] means ( rais+ plants ?an by s[+ ! se$s 9 a box or pan ( light ri* e>?1 kept 9 a sunny corn] ( a common gre5h\se1 ) a slate or tile laid ov] until ! se$s />t1 & by a little c>eful managem5t nice ?rifty plants are secur$ 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t f\r weeks4 ,9 "s books on horticulture a great deal is said z to ! soil 9 :i* ,cucumb] se$ %\ld be s[n4 ,we advise ! read] n to make too mu* ( t "q4 ,any turfy loam1 or ev5 peat1 w answ]2 b a rank soil is c]ta9ly unfit4 ,! object %\ld be to obta9 %ort1 /\t plants ( a heal?y gre5 col\r2 n ! long-drawn1 pallid ?+s t are (t5 to be se5 on sale1 & :i* by _! evid5t weakness seem de/9$ to illu/rate ! problems ( ,cucumb] disease4 ,hav+ made a beg9n+ ) /rong plants on a good b$1 ! two matt]s ( importance are to regulate ! temp]ature & ! wat]+4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 x w be necess>y to %ade ! plants a little1 b z !y acquire /r5g? !y %\ld h m light & m air ?an are usually all[$ to ,cucumb]s4 ,a temp]ature av]ag+ #fj by night & #hj by day w be f\nd safe & pr(itable1 z promot+ a heal?y gr[? & la/+ fruitfulness4 ,b ! rule mu/ be ela/ic4 ,y may %ut up at #ij )\t h>m1 & dur+ sun%9e ! glass may rise to #ie )\t injury1 provid$ ! plants h air & are n dry at ! roots4 ,b x is ( great mom5t t ! night temp]ature %\ld be kept ne> #fj & n g bel[ x4 ,if ! !rmomet] %[s t ! night temp]ature has be5 above ! prop] po9t ow+ to ! heat ( ! b$1 w$ge up ! lights ab\t half an in* 9 ! ev5+1 & z ! season advances increase ?is supply ( night air1 = x keeps ! plants 9 heal?1 provid$ !re is no *ill accompany+ x4 ,z reg>ds wat]+1 ! important po9t is to employ s(t wat] ( ! same temp]ature z ! frame1 & !re=e a sp>e c1 fill$ ) wat]1 mu/ be always kept 9 ! frame ready = use1 & :5 empti$ %\ld be fill$ aga9 & left = ! next wat]+4 ,twice a day at lea/ ! plants & ! sides ( ! frame %\ld receive a %[] f ! syr+e4 ,x is bett] to syr+e ?ree times ?an twice1 b ?is mu/ be 9 "s degree det]m9$ by ! temp]ature4 ,! great] ! heat1 ! m freely %\ld air & wat] be suppli$2 on ! o!r h&1 if ! heat runs d[n1 give wat] ) caution1 or disa/] may foll[4 ,9 case ( em]g5cy ! plants w g ?r\gh a bad "t )\t s]i\s damage if kept almo/ dry1 & !n x w be prud5t to give b little air4 ,sometimes ! heat ( ! b$ runs out be=e !re is suffici5t sun heat to keep ! plants gr[+1 b if !y c be ma9ta9$ 9 heal? = a week or s1 hot wea!r may set 91 & all w come "r4 ,b to c>ry ,cucumb]s ?r\gh at su* a "t dem&s p>ticul> c>e z to wat]+ & air-giv+4 ,z reg>ds /opp+ & tra9+1 we may z well say at once1 t ! less ( bo? ! bett]4 ,free heal?y natural gr[? w result 9 an abundant production ( fruit1 & /opp+ & tra9+ w d v little to promote ! end 9 view4 ,b !re is some?+ to be done to secure an ev5 gr[? & ! exposure ( e leaf to light4 ,:5 ! "y plant has made ?ree r\gh leaves1 nip out ! po9t to enc\rage ! production ( %oots f ! base4 ,:5 ! %oots h made f\r leaves1 nip out ! po9ts to promote a fur!r gr[? ( side %oots1 & aft] ?is !re mu/ be no m /opp+ until !re is a %[ ( fruit4 ,! gr[? %\ld be pegg$ out to cov] ! b$ 9 ! mo/ regul> mann] possible1 & :]ev] sup]flu\s %oots appe> !y mu/ be remov$4 ,any cr[d+ w h to be paid =1 because cr[d$ %oots are n fruitful4 ,if a great %[ ( fruit appe>s sudd5ly1 remove a l>ge portion ( x1 z ov]-cropp+ makes a tr\blesome glut = a %ort "t1 & !n !re is an end ( ! bus9ess2 b by keep+ ! crop d[n to a reasonable limit1 ! plants w be> freely to ! end ( ! season4 ,e fruit+ %oot %\ld be /opp$ at two leaves beyond ! fruit1 & z ! crop progresses !re mu/ be occasional prun+ out ( old %oots to make room = "y ones4 ,an error ( managem5t likely to occur ) a beg9n] is all[+ ! b$ to become dry bel[ :ile x is kept q moi/ above by means ( ! syr+e4 ,_m cultivators drive /icks into ! b$ "h & !re1 & f "t to "t !y draw ^! out & judge by _! appe>ance :e!r or n ! b$ ne$s a heavy wat]+4 ,to be dry at ! root is deadly to ! ,cucumb] plant1 & to be 9 a swamp is n less deadly4 ,x mu/ h abundance ( moi/ure above & bel[1 b /agnation ( ei!r air or wat] w br+ disease1 end+ 9 a wa/e ( lab\r4 ,! gre5h\se cultivation ( ! ,cucumb] = a summ] crop only is ! mo/ pr(itable & simple z well z ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all ! me?ods practis$4 ,9 _m g>d5s ! h\ses t h be5 fill$ dur+ ! w9t] ) ,g]aniums & o!r plants are v poorly furni%$ dur+ ! summ]1 & pres5t a mo/ unsightly appe>ance4 ,n[1 x is a v easy matt] to r5d] !m at once pr(itable & beautiful1 = :5 clo!d ) gre5 v9es be>+ h&some ,cucumb]s1 su* h\ses are attractive & pay _! way amaz+ly well4 ,to c>ry out ! r\t9e prop]ly1 ! h\se %\ld be cle>$ at ! end ( ,april1 ! plants be+ remov$ to pits & frames4 ,if possible1 make up ! b$s on slates laid close ov] ! hot-wat] pipes1 & use a bu%el or m ( soil "u ea* light to beg9 )4 ,fir/ lay on ! slate a l>ge se$-pan1 bottom upw>ds1 & on t a few flat tiles1 & !n heap up a %all[ cone ( nice light turfy loam4 ,/>t ! fire & %ut up1 & raise ! heat ( ! empty h\se to #hj or #ij = "o :ole day4 ,! next day plant on ea* hillock a %ort /\t ,cucumb] plant1 or s[ ?ree se$s4 ,proce$ z advis$ = frame culture1 keep+ a temp]ature ( #fj by night & #hj by day1 ) a rise ( #e to #aj dur+ sun%9e4 ,ply ! syr+e freely1 give air c>efully1 & use ! lea/ am\nt ( %ad+ possible4 ,x w v soon be f\nd t by judici\s managem5t 9 %utt+ up & air-giv+1 ! fir+ may be disp5s$ )1 & !n x rema9s only to syr+e freely & tra9 ) c>e4 ,! plants %\ld n be /opp$ at all1 b be tak5 up direct to ! ro( & be tra9$ out on a few wires or t>r$ /r+1 9 ! fir/ in/ance "r & left1 & aft]w>ds along ! raft]s to meet at ! ridge1 & =m a ri* leafy arcade4 ,! fruits w appe> 9 quantity1 & mu/ be ?9n$ to prev5t ov]-cropp+4 ,z ! plants gr[1 e>? mu/ be add$ to ! hillocks until !re is a cont9u\s b$1 on :i* a c]ta9 numb] ( %oots may be tra9$ :]e !re is suffici5t light = !m4 ,x is be/ to beg9 z advis$ above1 ) ! aid ( fire heat to />t ! crop = ! sake ( ga9+ "t2 b if ?is is n conv5i5t beg9 )\t fire heat 9 ! la/ week ( ,may1 & ! plants w produce fruit until ! *ill ( autumn makes an end ( !m1 & ! h\se is aga9 requir$ = ! gre5h\se plants4 ,w9t] ,cucumb]s ?rive be/ 9 lean-to h\ses ) some:at /eep ro(s1 z su* h\ses are less liable to *ill dur+ cold w9dy wea!r1 & !y cat* a maximum ( ! w9t] sun%9e4 ,9 a mild w9t]1 ,cucumb]s may be gr[n 9 any k9d ( h\se t c be ma9ta9$ at a suitable temp]ature1 & ! m>kets are suppli$ f r\gh con/ructions t d duty = _m purposes4 ,b 9 h>d wea!r1 ! /eep lean-to1 ) b$ along ! front1 & tank to give equable bottom heat1 w prove ! mo/ s]viceable1 z x w nei!r all[ sn[ to lodge on ! glass1 nor suff] any s]i\s decl9e ( temp]ature dur+ ! preval5ce ( %>p fro/ & ke5 w9ds4 ,= late autumn supply any k9d ( h\se w suffice1 b be/ ( all an airy span4 ,a brick pit w answ] e purpose f ,octob] to ,m>* ) good managem5t1 & f]m5t+ mat]ials w af=d ! ne$ful heat4 ,9 su* cases tr5*es %\ld be provid$ = occasional r5ewal ( ! bottom heat4 ,b a roomy h\se & a s]vice ( hot wat] ju/ly /& 9 fav\r ) exp]i5c$ cultivators1 z comb9+ ! necess>y conditions ) conv5i5ce ( managem5t4 ,= w9t] culture1 plants are rais$ f se$s & f cutt+s4 ,se$l+ plants are ! mo/ vigor\s1 b !y require a little m "t ?an cutt+s to arrive at a fruit+ /ate4 ,= pot culture cutt+s are pref]able1 z only a mod]ate crop is expect$1 & quickness ( production is ( great importance4 ,x is usual to s[ ! fir/ lot ( se$s on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]1 & to s[ aga9 on ! #a/ ( ,octob] & ! #a/ ( ,novemb]2 aft] :i* x is n advisable to s[ aga9 until ! #a/ ( ,febru>y = ! spr+ crop4 ,if ! managem5t is good1 ! fir/ s[+ w be 9 fruit by ! "t ! ?ird bat* ( se$ is s[n1 say1 by ! fir/ week ( ,novemb]1 & !nce=w>d ?r\gh\t ! w9t] !re %\ld be no break 9 ! supply4 ,! managem5t ( ,w9t] ,cucumb]s turns ^u details *iefly1 & w be f\nd 9 ! end to dep5d r ^u c>e ?an skill4 ,! g5]al pr9ciples are ! same z 9 gr[+ ,cucumb]s 9 frames1 ! task = ! cultivator be+ to c>ry !m out successfully4 ,beg9 by s[+ ! se$ s+ly 9 small pots 9 light turfy loam1 or peat ) :i* a fair proportion ( %>p s& has be5 mix$4 ,^! pots to be plac$ 9 a heat ( #gj to #ge1 & = plants to la/ long ! l[] temp]ature is pref]able4 ,z reg>ds ! next /age1 ! plants may be tra9$ up raft]s1 or spread out on b$s1 ! fir/ be+ always ! bett] plan :]e x happ5s to be conv5i5t4 ,b ! prud5t cultivator w n be ti$ to rules2 he w cut 8 coat accord+ to 8 clo?1 & :ile he has a h\se ( ,cucumb]s tra9$ to ! ro(1 he w1 p]haps1 also h a pit fill$ ) plants on b$s4 ,to /op sev]ely is bad practice1 = vigor\s gr[? is want$2 b a c]ta9 am\nt ( /opp+ mu/ be done to promote an ev5 gr[?1 & to di/ribute ! fruit fairly bo? 9 space & "t4 ,we h already admitt$ t 9 "s books on g>d5+ too mu* has be5 said ab\t soil4 ,9 _m places a suitable turfy loam1 or a good fibr\s peat1 may be obta9$1 & ! accid5ts t h befall5 ,cucumb]s h usually be5 ! result ( bad managem5t 9 respect ( heat1 wat]1 & air1 r ?an ! use ( unsuitable soil4 ,b x mu/ n be suppos$ t we are c>eless ab\t ?is matt]4 ,nei!r a pa/y clay1 a s\r /icky loam1 nor a poor s&y or *alky soil w produce f9e ,cucumb]s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 rank manure & poor leaf-m\ld are bo? unfav\rable mat]ials4 ,!re is no?+ l mell[ loam1 :i* c be enri*$ & modifi$ at discretion1 )\t go+ to extremes4 ,ridge ,cucumb]s are gr[n 9 mu* ! same way z recomm5d$ = ,vegetable ,m>r[s4 ,!y may be put on hillocks or b$s1 & 9 ei!r case a f\ndation ( f]m5t+ mat]ial is requir$ to insure a crop 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! summ]4 ,= a late crop1 ! natural heat ( ! soil w be suffici5t %\ld ! summ] prove to be f9e1 b 9 a cold season ,ridge ,cucumb]s are disappo9t+4 ,( ! _m me?ods ( gr[+ !m1 "o ( ! be/ is to lay out ! gr\nd 9 f\r-feet b$s by tak+ out ! soil to a dep? ( fifte5 in*es1 & spread+ ab\t t dep? or m ( half-rott$ manure1 to :i* may be add$ any leaves & o!r litt] t may be h&y4 ,cov] ) a foot dep? ( good loam4 ,ab\t mid-,april s[ ! se$s 9 ?ree-in* pots or 9 boxes & place 9 a cool gre5h\se4 ,aft] c>eful h>d5+1 plant out ab\t ! ?ird week ( ,may4 ,if pref]r$1 se$s may be s[n on ! b$ e>ly 9 ,may4 ,give ! plants ! protection ( a h&-light %\ld ! wea!r prove unfav\rable1 & "s c>e w be ne$$ to keep !m mov+ fairly until ! season is s f> advanc$ z to all[ = ! removal ( ! lights4 ,put ! plants at ?irty in*es ap>t d[n ! middle ( ! b$1 & :5 gr[+ freely1 nip out ! po9ts once only4 ,a crop ( ,lettuce may be tak5 f ! b$s :ile ! plants are advanc+4 ,,d&elion ,t>axacum (fic9ale ,z a salad ,d&elion has won g5]al e/eem = its :olesome m$ic9al qualities4 ,nature tea*es ! way to gr[ ?is plant1 = %e s[s ! se$ 9 e>ly summ]1 & we f9d ! f9e/ plants on dry gr\nd1 :ile !re are none to be f\nd 9 bogs & swamps4 ,any gravelly or *alky soil w gr[ good ,d&elion1 "o fair digg+ )\t manure be+ a suffici5t prep>ation = x4 ,s[ 9 ,may or ,june1 & ?9 to "o foot ap>t e way1 keep+ ! crop scrupul\sly clean by flat hoe+4 ,any "t 9 ! w9t] ! roots may be lift$ & =c$ 9 ! same way z ,sea ,kale1 or !y may be cov]$ ) pots 9 spr+ to blan* :]e gr[n4 ,9 any case ! spr+ gr[? mu/ be made 9 d>kness1 = :5 gre5 ! flav\r is bitt]4 ,invalids :o require ?is salut>y salad may obta9 e>ly supplies by plant+ ! roots 9 boxes 9 a cell>1 & cov]+ ) empty boxes4 ,only z mu* wat] %\ld be giv5 z w keep ! roots reasonably moi/4 ,,egg ,,plant 7,,aub]g9e7 ,solatium ,melong5a1 ,s4 escul5tum ,9 ?is c\ntry ! ,egg ,plant is g5]ally gr[n m]ely z an ornam5t1 b x is a delici\s vegetable :5 slic$ & fri$ 9 oil1 ! purple-& black-fruit$ k9ds be+ especially s]viceable = ! table4 ,! common :ite1 :i* is be/ kn[n1 is fairly good :5 cook$ "y1 ?\gh less ri* 9 flav\r ?an ! purple4 ,! cultivation recomm5d$ = ,capsicum w suit ! ,egg ,plant1 b little atmosph]ic moi/ure is ne$$ or ! se$l+s may damp (f4 ,!y are n well adapt$ = plant+ out1 al?\gh 9 a w>m season !y w fruit freely "u a sunny wall1 & w gr[ 9 a gravel walk if help$ at fir/ ) a little good soil r\nd ! roots4 ,if requir$ 9 quantity = ! table1 ! purple v>iety may be gr[n 9 a frame f plants rais$ on a hot-b$4 ,g5]ally speak+1 a few plants 9 pots are all t are requir$ :]e ! fruit is n valu$ z an escul5t4 ,,endive ,ci*orium ,endivia ,z a result ( ! gr[+ ta/e = :olesome salads ,endive has consid]ably advanc$ 9 public e/eem4 ,! flav\r ( well-blan*$ ,endive suits mo/ palates t h _h exp]i5ce ( salads1 & ( ! salut>y prop]ties ( ! plant we h a h9t 9 its close relation to ! ,*icory4 ,! selection ( sorts is a "q ( importance1 because ! h&some curl$ v>ieties t make ! be/ appe>ance on ! table1 & might be reg>d$ z ornam5ts if !y 7 n edible1 are ! v f9e/ = salads1 be+ t5d]1 ) a fre% nutty flav\r4 ,! broad-leav$ sorts are n s well adapt$ = salads z = /ews1 & !y take ! place ( ,lettuces :5 ! latt] are n available = s\ps & ragots4 ,h[ev]1 :5 an em]g5cy occurs1 ! curl$ v>ieties w be f\nd suitable = cook+1 & ! broad-leav$ = salad+1 & !re=e !re ne$ be no wa/e :]e "o sort pr$om9ates4 ,soil4--,a difficulty common to ,endive culture may be got ov] 9 ! way advis$ = ,cel]iac4 ,! plant requires a light1 dry1 s&y soil2 & a portion1 at lea/1 ( ! crop is expect$ to /& ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,?us on a heavy soil !re is a prospect ( failure 9 respect ( ! late crop1 b t is obviat$ by adopt+ a made b$--"o ( smalli% dim5sions be+ suffici5t to accommodate a l>ge /ock ( plants4 ,select an op5 spot1 make a f\ndation ( any h>d rubbi% t is at h&1 & on ?is put "o to two feet ( s&y soil4 ,?is w =m a rais$ b$ ( a k9d exactly suit$ to ! plant1 & w co/ b little z comp>$ ) its ultimate value4 ,if regul>ly dress$ ) manure1 & o!rwise well manag$1 ! b$ w supply ,endive 9 w9t] & o!r salads 9 summ]1 or x may be cropp$ ) ,dw>f ,beans1 :i* c be remov$ 9 ,augu/ to make way = ! usual plant+ ( ,endive4 ,:]e ! soil is naturally light & dry no su* prep>ation is ne$$1 b ,endive does n come to p]fection )\t food1 & !re=e ! soil %\ld be ri* & deeply dug4 ,s[+ & ,transplant+4--,! se$ may be s[n z e>ly z ,m>*1 9 a mod]ate heat1 b ! latt] "p ( ,april is e>ly en\gh = mo/ purposes1 & ! ma9 s[+s are made 9 ,june4 ,lat] s[+s may foll[ 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,b ! ,june s[+ is ! mo/ important1 z by a little c>eful managem5t x w supply a few e>ly heads & _m late ones4 ,s[ 9 %all[ drills six in*es ap>t1 & :5 ! plants are an in* high draw ! mo/ =w>d1 & prick !m out on a b$ ( ri* light soil 9 ! same way z ,cel]y1 & ) a little nurs+ ^! w make a fir/ plantation4 ,! plants 9 ! se$-b$ %\ld be ?9n$ to ?ree in*es1 & mu/ h wat] 9 dry wea!r4 ,all ! ?9n+s %\ld be prick$ out 9 ! fir/ in/ance to make !m /rong = plant+1 b ! la/ lot may g direct to ! b$s to f9i%4 ,! f9al plant+ mu/ be on ri*1 light1 dry soil1 & wat] giv5 to enc\rage gr[?4 ,! di/ance = ! curl$ v>ieties is a foot ea* way1 & = ! broad-leav$ fifte5 in*es4 ,9 tak+ ! la/ lot f ! se$-b$1 a crop %\ld be left unt\*$ to mature at twelve to fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,^! plants w give a fir/ & mo/ excell5t supply if c>efully blan*$4 ,if m conv5i5t1 se$ may be s[n :]e ! crop is int5d$ to /&1 ! plants be+ ?9n$ to ! di/ances already giv54 ,! blan*+ is an important bus9ess1 & is v>i\sly p]=m$4 ,! cu/om>y mode is to tie ! leaves toge!r 9 ! mann] usual ) ,lettuce & m\ld !m up4 ,?is me?od answ]s p]fectly1 except 9 wet seasons1 :51 if ! plants /& = "s "t1 ! out] leaves beg9 to rot1 & ! decay proce$s inw>ds1 to ! det]ioration or de/ruction ( ! plant4 ,a clean & effective process is to cov] ! he>t ( ! plant ) a fl[]-pot4 ,! hole is d>k5$ ) "p ( a tile or slate1 on :i* %\ld be laid a piece ( turf or a h&ful ( m\ld4 ,a plate or clean tile plac$ ov] ! c5tre ( ! plant w also blan* ,endives satisfactorily 9 autumn4 ,= w9t] supplies1 ! plants may be lift$ z want$ & plac$ 9 boxes or pots ( soil1 ^! be+ cov]$ ) o!r boxes or pots to exclude light4 ,a ,mu%room-h\se1 cell>1 or "u a gre5h\se /age1 w s]ve = /or+ ! lift$ plants4 ,! blan*+ mu/ be c>ri$ on 9 su* a way z to insure a succession )\t a glut at any "t1 = :5 suffici5tly blan*$ ,endive %\ld be us$1 or decay w soon set 94 ,,g>lic ,allium sativura ,! mode ( culture advis$ = ,%allots w suit ,g>lic also1 except t ! latt] %\ld be plant$ 9 ,febru>y ab\t two in*es b5ea? ! surface ( ! soil1 & ! bulbs may be gr[n clos] toge!r1 ab\t eight or n9e in*es ap>t ea* way4 ,:5 l>ge bulbs are requir$ = exhibition or o!r purposes1 ! cloves--z ! divisions ( ea* root are call$--%\ld be plant$ sep>ately2 b = g5]al use mod]ate-siz$ bulbs1 plant$ :ole1 w produce a heavi] crop4 ,,g\rd & ,,pumpk9 7,cucurbita7 ,g\rds & ,pumpk9s may be gr[n to p]fection by precisely ! same me?od recomm5d$ = ,ridge ,cucumb]s2 b z ! plants occupy m space1 room mu/ be left = !m to ext5d s\? w>ds beyond ! limits ( ! ridge4 ,x is well to put out /rong plants f se$s s[n 9 pots 9 ,april or ,may1 & protect !m until e/abli%$4 ,if ^! are n obta9able1 ! se$ may be s[n :]e ! plants are int5d$ to /&1 & !re w 9 "t be pl5ty ( produce1 b ( c\rse some:at lat] 9 ! season ?an if /rong plants _h be5 put out 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,keep a %>p look-out = slugs1 :i* w flock 9 f all qu>t]s to fea/ ^u !m1 b w sc>cely t\* !m aft] !y h be5 plant$ a week or s4 ,any r\gh f]m5t+ mat]ial1 su* z grass m[+s1 may be us$ 9 mak+ ! hills1 to give !m ! aid ( a w>m b$ = a brief space ( "t1 & x is a great ga9 if !y gr[ freely f ! fir/4 ,lat] on ! natural heat w be en\gh = !m4 ,! edible ,g\rds are useful 9 all _! /ages & ages2 & if ! cultivator has a fancy to gr[ l>ge1 h&some fruits1 he c make ! bus9ess answ] by hang+ !m up = use 9 w9t]1 :5 !y may be employ$ 9 s\ps 9 place ( ,c>rots1 or 9 addition to ! usual vegetables1 & may inde$ be cook$ 9 half a doz5 diff]5t ways4 ,!re rema9s yet "o m purpose to :i* ! plants may be appli$3 suppos+ y h a great plantation ( edible ,g\rds & ,m>r[s1 & w\ld l a peculi>ly elegant & delici\s di% ( ,sp9a*1 p9* (f a suffici5cy ( ! tops ( ! advanc+ %oots1 & cook !m ,sp9a* fa%ion4 ,if prop]ly done1 x is "o ( ! f9e/ vegetables ev] eat54 ,z p9*+ (f ! t5d] tops ( ! %oots less5s ! fruitfulness ( ! v9es1 we only recomm5d ?is proc$ure :]e !re is a l>ge plantation4 ,g\rds may be tra9$ to trellises1 f5ces1 & walls4 ,9 all su* cases1 a good b$ %\ld be prep>$ ( any light1 ri* loam1 & x w be none ! less effective if made on a m\nd ( f]m5t+ mat]ial4 ,,h]bs ,) c]ta9 exceptions1 ! gr[+ ( ,sweet ,h]bs f se$s is altoge!r advantage\s4 ,! plants come p]fectly true1 & are s vigor\s t x is easi] to raise !m f se$ ?an to secure a succession f slips or cutt+s4 ,to meet a l>ge & cont9u\s dem& 9 ! kit*5 !re mu/ be a proportionate plantation 9 ! bord]2 b 9 g>d5s ( m$ium size we d n advocate ! culture ( ,h]bs on an ext5sive scale1 unless !re be a special object 9 view4 ,a mod]ate numb] ( ,h]bs w meet ! necessities ( mo/ families4 ,/ill x is a fact t ! t5d5cy is always 9 ! direction ( increas$ v>iety1 & g>d5]s are call$ on to provide frequ5t *anges ( flav\r+ ,h]bs1 "s ( :i* are q z highly priz$ 9 salads z !y are = cul9>y purposes4 ,9 ! smalle/ g>d5s1 ,m9t1 ,p>sley1 ,sage1 & bo? ,common & ,lemon ,?yme1 mu/ f9d a place4 ,9 g>d5s :i* h any pret5sion to supply ! ne$s ( a luxuri\s table !re %\ld be add$ ,basil1 ,*ives1 ,pot & ,sweet ,m>joram1 ,summ] & ,w9t] ,savory1 ,sorrel1 ,t>ragon1 & o!rs t may be 9 especial fav\r4 ,l>ge g>d5s g5]ally conta9 a plot1 proportion$ to dem&s1 ( all ! v>ieties :i* foll[4 ,sev]al ( ! mo/ popul> ,h]bs1 su* z ,*ives1 ,m9t1 ,t>ragon1 & ,lemon ,?yme1 are n gr[n f se$--at all ev5ts1 ^? :o v5ture on ! pa/ime might employ _! lab\r to great] advantage4 ,b o!rs1 su* z ,basil1 ,borage1 ,*]vil1 ,f5nel1 ,m>joram1 ,m>igold1 ,p>sley1 ,savory1 c41 are gr[n f se$1 9 "s cases ( necessity1 & 9 o!rs because x is ! quick] & easi] way ( secur+ a crop4 ,angelica & ,m9t fl\ri% 9 moi/ soil1 b ! majority ( aromatic ,h]bs succe$ on l& t is dry1 poor1 & some:at s&y1 r ?an 9 ! ri* bord]s t usually prevail 9 ! ,kit*5 ,g>d54 ,happily !y are n v p>ticul>1 b sun%9e !y mu/ h = ! secretion ( _! fragrant ess5ces4 ,a n>r[ bord] m>k$ (f 9 drills1 &1 if possible1 slop+ to ! s\?1 w answ] admirably4 ,?9 ! plants 9 good "t1 & ! ?9n+s ( ^? want$ 9 quantity may1 if necess>y1 be transplant$4 ,! soil mu/ be kept free f we$s1 & e v>iety be all[$ suffici5t space = full developm5t4 ,angelica 7,a4 ,ar*angelica74--,a native bi5nial :i* is n easily rais$ f se$ treat$ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,g]m9ation is always caprici\s1 sl[ & irregul>4 ,x may be sev]al mon?s be=e ! plants beg9 to appe>4 ,! be/ results are obta9$ by plac+ ! se$ 9 s&1 kept moi/ = sev]al weeks be=e s[+4 ,! leaves & /alks are sometimes blan*$ & eat5 z ,cel]y1 & are also boil$ ) meat & fi%4 ,occasionally ! t5d] /ems & midribs are coat$ ) c&i$ sug> z a confection4 ,angelica 0 =m]ly suppos$ to possess great m$ic9al virtues1 b its reputation z a rem$y = poison & z a prev5tive ( infecti\s diseases is n support$ by ! disciples ( mod]n *emi/ry4 ,! se$s are /ill us$ = flav\r+ liqueurs4 ,balm 7,melissa (fic9alis74--,a p]5nial h]b1 :i* c be propagat$ by cutt+s or gr[n z an annual f se$4 ,an ess5tial oil is di/ill$ f ! leaves1 b !y are *iefly us$1 :5 dri$1 = mak+ tea = invalids1 especially ^? suff]+ f fev]4 ,! plant has also be5 us$ = mak+ ,balm w9e4 ,s[ 9 ,may4 ,basil1 ,bu% 7,ocymum m9imum74--,a dw>f-gr[+ v>iety1 us$ = ! same purposes z ! ,sweet ,basil4 ,s[ 9 ,april4 ,basil1 ,sweet 7,ocymum ,basilicum74--,a t5d] annual1 orig9ally obta9$ f ,india1 & "o ( ! mo/ popul> ( ! flav\r+ ,h]bs4 ,se$s %\ld be s[n 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* 9 g5tle heat4 ,:5 l>ge en\gh ! se$l+s mu/ be prick$ (f into boxes until !y are ready = transf]r+ to a ri* bord] 9 ,june1 or se$ may be s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd dur+ ,april & ,may4 ,a space ( eight in*es betwe5 ! plants 9 ! r[s w suffice1 b ! r[s %\ld be at lea/ a foot ap>t4 ,! fl[]-/ems mu/ be cut z !y rise1 & be ti$ 9 bundles = w9t] use4 ,?is practice w prolong ! life ( ! plant until late 9 ! season4 ,_m g>d5]s lift plants 9 ,septemb]1 pot !m1 & s ma9ta9 a supply ( fre% gre5 leaves until w9t] is f> advanc$4 ,borage 7,borago (fic9alis74--,a native h>dy plant1 :i* ?rives 9 poor1 /ony soil4 ,! fl[]s are us$ = flav\r+ purposes1 especially = cl>et-cup4 ,borage is also a great fav\rite ) bee-ma/]s4 ,s[ 9 ,april or ,may 9 good loam1 & ?9 to fifte5 or eighte5 in*es ap>t4 ,! r[s %\ld be f eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r in*es asund]1 = ! plant is tall1 & /rong 9 gr[?4 ,*]vil1 ,curl$ 7,an?riscus ,c]efolium74--,us$ = salads1 g>ni%+1 & cul9>y purposes4 ,to secure a regul> supply ( leaves small successional s[+s are necess>y f spr+ to autumn1 & frequ5t wat]+ 9 dry wea!r w prev5t ! plants f be+ spoil$ by ?r[+ up se$-/ems4 ,= w9t] use1 s[ 9 boxes kept 9 a w>m temp]ature4 ,*ives 7,allium ,s*noprasum74--,a mild sub/itute = ! ,onion 9 salads & s\ps4 ,! plant is a native ( ,brita91 & w gr[ freely 9 any ord9>y g>d5 soil4 ,propagation is effect$ by division ( ! roots ei!r 9 spr+ or autumn4 ,! clumps %\ld be cut regul>ly 9 succession :e!r want$ or n1 ) ! object ( ma9ta9+ a cont9u\s gr[? ( "y & t5d] %oots4 ,at int]vals ( f\r ye>s x w be necess>y to lift1 divide1 & replant ! roots on fre% gr\nd4 ,f5nel 7,fniculum (fic9ale74--,a h>dy p]5nial :i* has be5 naturalis$ 9 "s p>ts ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x is gr[n 9 g>d5s to furni% a supply ( its elegant fea!ry foliage = g>ni%+ & = use 9 fi% sauces4 ,occasionally ! /ems are blan*$ & eat5 9 ! same way z ,cel]y1 & 9 ! natural /ate !y are boil$ z a vegetable4 ,! se$s are also employ$ = flav\r+4 ,s[ 9 drills 9 ,april & ,may1 & ?9 ! plants to fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,f9oc*io1 or ,flor5ce ,f5nel 7,fniculum dulce1 ,,dc74--,a sweet-ta/+ h]b1 v l>gely gr[n 9 ! s\? ( ,italy1 :]e x is eat5 bo? 9 ! natural /ate & :5 boil$4 ,s[ 9 ! op5 gr\nd dur+ spr+ or e>ly summ]1 9 r[s ab\t eighte5 in*es ap>t1 & ?9 or transplant to six or n9e in*es4 ,:5 ! base beg9s to swell1 e>? up ! plants 9 ! same mann] z ,cel]y4 ,if transplant$1 p9* (f ! tips ( ! roots4 ,horeh\nd 7,m>rubium vulg>e74--,a well-kn[n m$ic9al h]b1 f :i* an extract is obta9$ = subdu+ irritat+ c\ghs4 ,s[ 9 ,april or ,may1 & ?9 ! plants until !y /& fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,hyssop 7,hyssopus (fic9alis74--,! leaves & "y %oots are us$ z a pot-h]b1 & ! leafy tops & fl[]s1 :5 dri$1 are employ$ = m$ic9al purposes4 ,hyssop is also occasionally us$ z an edg+ plant4 ,a dry soil & w>m situation suit x4 ,s[ 9 ,april1 & ?9 ! plants to a foot ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,lav5d] 7,lav&ula74--,univ]sally kn[n & valu$ = its p]fume4 ,al?\gh ! plant is g5]ally propagat$ f cutt+s1 x c easily be gr[n f se$ s[n 9 ,april or ,may4 ,! plants atta9 a height ( "o or two feet1 & ! /ems %\ld n be cut until ! fl[]s are exp&$4 ,m>igold1 ,pot 7,cal5dula (fic9alis74--,employ$ bo? 9 fl[] & vegetable g>d5s3 9 ! =m] z a b$d+ annual1 & 9 ! latt] t ! fl[]s may be dri$ & /or$ = col\r+ & flav\r+ s\ps2 also = di/ill+4 ,9 ,april or ,may s[ ! se$ 9 drills "o foot ap>t1 & ?9 ! plants to ! same di/ance 9 ! r[s4 ,m>joram1 ,pot 7,origanum ,onites74--,"o ( ! mo/ famili> ,h]bs 9 ,briti% g>d5s4 ,! aromatic leaves are us$ bo? gre5 & :5 dri$ = flav\r+4 ,/rictly ! plant is a p]5nial1 b x is readily gr[n z an annual4 ,s[ 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* 9 g5tle heat1 & 9 ! op5 gr\nd a mon? lat]4 ,! plants %\ld be all[$ a space (t5 in*es or a foot ea* way4 ,m>joram1 ,sweet ,knott$ 7,origanum ,majorana74--,?is plant is us$ = cul9>y purposes 9 ! same way z ! ,pot ,m>joram1 & x is also reg>d$ z a tonic & /oma*ic4 ,! mo/ satisfactory mode ( cultivation is t ( a half-h>dy annual4 ,s[ 9 ,m>* or ,april & all[ ea* plant a squ>e foot ( gr\nd4 ,m9t 7,m5?a viridis74--,kn[n also z ,spe>m9t4 ,x mu/ be gr[n f divisions4 ,betwe5 ! delicacy ( fre% "y gre5 leaves & ^? :i* h be5 dri$ ) ! utmo/ c>e !re is s wide a diff]5ce t ! practice ( =c+ f ,novemb] to ,may is fully ju/ifi$4 ,?is is easily accompli%$ by pack+ roots 9 a box & keep+ !m moi/ 9 a temp]ature ( #fj4 ,:]e ?is is impossible1 /ems mu/ be cut1 bun*$1 & hung 9 a cool /ore = use dur+ w9t] & spr+4 ,m9t gr[s vigor\sly 9 damp soil1 & ! b$ %\ld h occasional att5tion1 to prev5t plants f ext5d+ beyond _! prop] b\nd>y4 ,to secure "y & luxuriant gr[? a fre% plantation %\ld be made annually 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,if all[$ to occupy ! same plot ( l& ye> aft] ye> ! leaves become small & ! /ems wiry4 ,p>sley 7,c>um ,petrosel9um7 w tea* ^? :o h eyes exactly h[ x %\ld be gr[n4 ,!re w appe> "h & !re 9 a g>d5 /ray or rogue ,p>sley plants4 ,no matt] h[ regul>ly ! hoe+ & we$+ may be done1 a /ray ,p>sley plant w occasionally appe> alone1 p]haps 9 ! mid/ ( ,lettuces1 or ,caulifl[]s1 or ,onions4 ,:5 ^! rogues escape de/ruction !y become sup]b plants1 & ! g>d5] sometimes leaves !m to enjoy ! conditions !y h select$1 & 9 :i* !y evid5tly prosp]4 ,! lesson = ! cultivator is1 t ,p>sley %\ld h pl5ty ( room f ! v fir/2 & ?is lesson1 we feel b\nd to say1 _c be too (t5 en=c$ ^u "y g>d5]s1 = !y are apt to s[ ,p>sley f> m ?ickly ?an is wise1 & to be injuri\sly sl[ & timid 9 ?9n+ ! crop :5 ! plants are cr[d+ "o ano!r4 ,p>sley1 l _m o!r good ?+s1 w gr[ almo/ any:]e & anyh[1 b to make a h&some crop a deep1 ri*1 moi/ soil is requir$4 ,x atta9s to f9e quality on a well-till$ clay1 b ! k9dly loam t suits almo/ e vegetable is adapt$ to produce p]fect ,p>sley1 & e good g>d5 %\ld %[ a h&some sample1 = beauty is ! fir/ requir$ qualification4 ,to keep ! h\se fairly well suppli$ s[+s %\ld be made 9 ,febru>y1 ,may1 & ,july4 ,! fir/ ( ^! w be 9 g5tle heat4 ,:5 l>ge en\gh prick out ! plants into boxes1 or on to a mild hot-b$1 & transf] to ! op5 gr\nd at ! end ( ,april1 all[+ ea* plant a space ( "o foot ea* way4 ,9 ! op51 x is be/ to s[ 9 l9es "o foot ap>t1 & ?9 out fir/ to ?ree in*es1 & f9ally to six in*es1 ! /ronge/ ( ! se$l+s be+ put out "o foot ap>t4 ,by foll[+ ?is plan suffici5t supplies = a small h\sehold may be obta9$ f "o annual s[+ made 9 ,april4 ,x %\ld n be ov]look$ t ,p>sley is indisp5sable to exhibitors ( vegetables1 especially z a gr\ndwork = collections1 & due all[ance = su* calls mu/ be made 9 fix+ ! numb] & ext5t ( ! s[+s4 ,:5 ! plant pu%es = se$ x becomes useless1 & _h be/ be got rid (2 b by plant+ at v>i\s times 9 diff]5t places a suffici5cy may be expect$ to g ?r\gh a second season )\t bolt+1 aft] :i* x w be necess>y to root !m out & consign !m to ! rubbi%-heap4 ,p>sley is (t5 gr[n z an edg+1 b x is only 9 l>ge g>d5s t ?is c be done advantage\sly1 & !n a v h&some edg+ is secur$4 ,9 small g>d5s x is be/ to s[ on a b$ 9 l9es "o foot ap>t1 & ?9 out fir/ to ?ree in*es1 & f9ally to six in*es1 ! /ronge/ ( ! ?9n+s be+ plant$ a foot ap>t1 to la/ ov] z propos$ above4 ,:5 ,p>sley has /ood "s "t x becomes co>se1 b ! "y gr[? may be r5ew$ by cutt+ ov]2 ?is op]ation be+ also useful to def] ! fl[]+1 :i* is surely ha/5$ by leav+ ! plants alone4 ,= ! w9t] supply a late plantation made 9 a %elt]$ spot w usually suffice1 = ! plant is v h>dy2 b x may be exp$i5t sometimes to put old frames ov] a piece wor? keep+1 or to protect dur+ h>d wea!r ) dry litt]4 ,a few plants lift$ into five-in* pots & plac$ 9 a cool h\se w (t5 tide ov] a difficult p]iod4 ,9 ga!r+1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to pick sep>ately ! "y leaves t are ne>ly full gr[n1 & to take only "o or two f ea* plant4 ,x co/s no m "t to fill a basket by tak+ a leaf or two "h & !re f a :ole r[ ?an to /rip two or ?ree plants1 & ! diff]5ce 9 ! end w be consid]able z reg>ds ! total produce & quality ( ! crop4 ,p5nyroyal 7,m5?a ,pulegium7 is a native p]5nial :i* mu/ be propagat$ by divisions1 & ?is c be done ei!r 9 spr+ or autumn4 ,! r[s may be twelve or fifte5 in*es ap>t1 b 9 ! r[s ! plants d well at a di/ance ( eight in*es4 ,! ta/e = ,p5nyroyal is by no means univ]sal1 b "s p]sons l ! t5d] tops 9 cul9>y prep>ations4 ,! belief 9 its suppos$ m$ic9al virtues is sl[ly dy+4 ,purslane 7,portulaca ol]acea74--,?is annual plant ?rives be/ 9 a sunny position4 ,se$ %\ld be s[n f mid-,april onw>ds to insure a succession ( "y leaves & %oots :i* may be cook$ z a vegetable or eat5 raw z a salad4 ,space ! r[s n9e in*es ap>t & ?9 ! plants to a di/ance ( six in*es4 ,rampion 7,campanula ,rapunculus74--,bo? leaves & roots are us$ 9 w9t] salads2 ! roots are also boil$4 ,if ! se$ be s[n e>li] ?an ! end ( ,may ! plants are liable to bolt4 ,*oose a %ady situation :]e ! soil is ri* & light1 & d n /9t wat]4 ,! r[s ne$ n exce$ six in*es ap>t1 & f\r in*es 9 ! r[s w be a suffici5t space betwe5 plants4 ,rosem>y 7,rosm>9us (fic9alis74--,a h>dy ev]gre5 %rub easily gr[n f se$1 ! leaves ( :i* are us$ = mak+ ,rosem>y tea = reliev+ heada*e4 ,an ess5tial oil is also obta9$ by di/illation4 ,a dry1 w>m1 sunny bord] suits ! plant4 ,s[ 9 ,april & ,may4 ,rue 7,ruta graveol5s74--,a h>dy ev]gre5 %rub1 *iefly cultivat$ = its m$ic9al qualities4 ,! leaves are acrid1 & emit a pung5t od\r :5 h&l$4 ,! plant is %rubby1 & z x atta9s a height ( two or ?ree feet x occupies a consid]able space4 ,s[ 9 ,april4 ,sage 7,salvia (fic9alis74--,al?\gh ,sage c be rais$ f se$ ) a m9imum ( tr\ble1 yet ?is is "o ( ! few in/ances :]e x is an advantage to propagate plants f a good /ock4 ,! diff]5ce w be obvi\s to any g>d5] :o w gr[ se$l+s by ! side ( propagat$ plants4 ,/ill1 se$l+s are (t5 rais$1 & z annuals ! plants are q satisfactory4 ,s[ "u glass 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 & 9 op5 gr\nd dur+ ,april & ,may4 ,prick (f ! se$l+s into a nurs]y b$ be=e transf]r+ to f9al positions1 9 :i* ea* plant %\ld be all[$ a space ( fifte5 in*es4 ,savory1 ,summ] 7,satureia hort5sis74--,an aromatic season+ & flav\r+ h]b1 :i* mu/ be rais$ annually f se$4 ,s[ e>ly 9 ,april 9 drills "o foot ap>t1 & ?9 ! plants to six or eight in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,cut ! /ems :5 9 full fl[]1 & tie 9 bun*es = w9t] use4 ,savory1 ,w9t] 7,satureia montana74--,a h>dy dw>f ev]gre5 :i* c be propagat$ by cutt+s2 b x is m economically gr[n f se$ s[n at ! same "t1 & treat$ 9 ! same mann]1 z ,summ] ,savory4 ,sorrel 7,rumex scutalus74--,! l>ge-leav$ or ,fr5* ,sorrel is n only s]v$ z a sep>ate di%1 b is m+l$ ) ,sp9a*1 & is also us$ z an +r$i5t 9 s\ps1 sauces1 & salads4 ,leaves ( ! f9e/ quality are obta9able f plants a ye> old1 & :5 ! crop has be5 ga!r$ ! gr\nd may ) advantage be utilis$ = "s o!r purpose4 ,light soil 9 fairly good he>t suits ! plant4 ,! se$ %\ld be s[n 9 ,m>* or e>ly ,april1 9 %all[ drills six or eight in*es ap>t1 & ! se$l+s mu/ be ?9n$ e>ly1 leav+ ?ree or f\r in*es betwe5 !m 9 ! r[s4 ,to keep ! b$ free f we$s is ! only att5tion necess>y1 unless an occasional wat]+ becomes imp]ative4 ,9 ,septemb] ! entire crop may be transf]r$ to fre% gr\nd1 all[+ eighte5 in*es betwe5 ! plants1 or "p may be drawn & ! rema9d] left at t di/ance4 ,9 ! foll[+ spr+ ! fl[]-/ems w beg9 to rise1 & if ^! are all[$ to develop !y r$uce ! size ( ! leaves & s]i\sly impair _! quality2 h5ce ! heads %\ld be p9*$ out z fa/ z !y are pres5t$4 ,t>ragon 7,artemisia ,dracunculus74--,?is aromatic h]b is us$ = a v>iety ( purposes1 b is mo/ commonly employ$ = imp>t+ its p[]ful flav\r to v9eg>4 ,! plant is a p]5nial1 & mu/ be propagat$ by divisions 9 ,m>* or ,april1 or by cutt+s plac$ 9 g5tle heat 9 spr+4 ,lat] 9 ! ye> !y w succe$ "u a h&-glass 9 ! op54 ,gre5 leaves are pref]able to ^? :i* h be5 dri$1 & by a little managem5t a succession ( plants is easily arrang$4 ,= w9t] use roots may be lift$ 9 autumn & plac$ 9 heat4 ,^? :o h no facilities = ma9ta9+ a supply ( gre5 leaves rely on foliage cut 9 autumn & dri$4 ,?yme1 ,common 7,?ymus vulg>is74--,an aromatic h]b1 well kn[n 9 e g>d51 & 9 con/ant dem& = ! h\se4 ,se$l+s are easily rais$ f a s[+ 9 ,april1 or ! plant c be gr[n f division ( ! roots 9 spr+4 ,?yme makes a v effective edg+1 & is frequ5tly employ$ = ?is purpose on dry1 well-kept bord]s4 ,?yme1 ,lemon 7,?ymus ,s]pyllum vulg>is74--,?is plant _c be gr[n f se$2 only by division ( ! roots 9 ,m>* or ,april4 ,x is an aromatic h]b1 g5]ally reg>d$ z indisp5sable 9 a well-ord]$ g>d54 ,wormwood 7,artemisia ,abs9?ium74--,an int5sely bitt] h]b1 us$ = m$ic9al purposes4 ,! plant is a h>dy p]5nial1 & is usually propagat$ 9 spr+ by tak+ cutt+s or divid+ ! roots4 ,,horse-,,radi% ,co*le>ia ,armoracia ,?is vegetable is highly priz$ z a condim5t to roa/ beef1 b z a rule x is badly gr[n4 ,! common practice is to consign x to "s neglect$ corn] ( ! g>d51 :]e x /ruggles = exi/5ce1 & produces /icks :i* are almo/ wor?less = ! table4 ,9 ! same space a pl5tiful supply ( l>ge h&some /icks may be gr[n ) z little tr\ble z ,c>rots or ,p>snips4 ,*oose = ! crop a piece ( good op5 gr\nd1 & 9 prep>+ x place a heavy dress+ ( rott5 manure q at ! bottom ( ea* tr5*4 ,e>ly 9 ! ye> select "y /raight roots f eight to twelve in*es long1 ea* hav+ a s+le cr[n1 & plant !m "o foot ap>t ea* way4 ,by ! foll[+ autumn ^! w become l>ge1 succul5t /icks1 :i* w put to %ame ! ugly /ripl+s gr[n "u />v+ conditions4 ,! roots may be dug z requir$2 b we d n advocate t me?od4 ,x is bett] practice to cle> ! :ole b$ at once1 & /ore ! produce 9 s& = use :5 want$4 ,?is plan %\ld be repeat$ ea* ye>1 & a fre% piece ( l& ought always to be f\nd = ! crop4 ,,kale--see ,,borecole1 page #bg ,,kohl ,,rabi 7,,knol ,,kohl7 ,brassica ol]acea ,caulo-rapa ,kohl ,rabi1 or ,knol ,kohl1 is comp>atively little gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry1 because we c almo/ always comm& t5d] & ta/y ,turnips4 ,on ! ,cont95t x is o!rwise4 ,!re ,kohl ,rabi may be se5 9 e m>ket1 & on _m a good table1 :]e x proves a mo/ acceptable vegetable4 ,= all ord9>y purposes ! gre5 v>iety is bett] ?an ! purple4 ,a small crop ( ?is root %\ld be annually gr[n 9 e g>d54 ,9 case ( failure ) ,turnips1 ,kohl ,rabi w take _! place to tide ov] an em]g5cy4 ,:54 s]v$ x has ! flav\r ( a ,turnip ) a some:at nutty t5d5cy1 & may be prep>$ = table 9 ! same mann]4 ,kohl ,rabi is cultivat$ 9 mu* ! same way z ,turnips4 ,se$ may be s[n at any "t f ,m>* to ,augu/ 9 r[s "o & a half to two feet ap>t4 ,z soon z possible ?9 ! se$l+s to ?ree in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s1 &1 z ! leaves develop1 to six in*es ap>t4 ,by draw+ e o!r plant "s small roots may be obta9$ e>ly1 & ! rema9d] w be left to mature at twelve in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,! se$l+s may be transplant$1 if desir$4 ,keep ! gr\nd clean & ! surface op51 b c>e %\ld be tak5 n to damage ! leaves1 or 9 ! lea/ degree to e>? up ! roots4 ,any animal t c eat a ,turnip w pref] a ,kohl ,rabi1 & :5 sub/itut$ = ! ,turnip 9 fe$+ c[s1 x does n affect ! flav\r ( ! milk4 ,! plant is h>dy1 & z a rule may /&1 to be drawn z want$1 until ! spr+ is f> advanc$1 :5 ! remnant %\ld be cle>$ (f = ! b5efit ( ! animals on ! home f>m1 or be dug 9 z manure4 ,,leek ,allium ,porrum ,! leek is n s fully appreciat$ 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,engl& z x is 9 ! ,nor?1 & 9 ,scotl& & ,wales4 ,x is a f9e vegetable :]e x is well und]/ood1 & :5 /ew$ 9 gravy !re is no?+ ( its class t c surpass x 9 flav\r & :olesom5ess4 ,"o reason ( its fame 9 ,scotl& & ! cold] p>ts ( ,wales is its exce$+ h>d9ess4 ,! sev]e/ w9t]s d n h>m ! plant1 & x may rema9 9 ! op5 gr\nd until want$1 occasion+ no tr\ble = /orage4 ,times ( ,s[+4--,to obta9 l>ge h&some specim5s ( ! f9e/ quality a />t mu/ be made 9 ,janu>y or e>ly ,febru>y1 & ?is e>ly s[+ is imp]ative = ! production ( ,leeks = exhibition1 z ! roots mu/ be giv5 a long] season ( gr[? ?an is g5]ally all[$ = ord9>y crops4 ,x is usual to s[ 9 pans or boxes ( moi/5$ soil1 plac$ 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #ee4 ,! se$s ne$ only a v light cov]+ ( f9e soil4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are ab\t two in*es high transf] to %all[ boxes ( ri* soil1 spac+ !m ?ree in*es ap>t ea* way1 or ! f9e/ may be plac$ 9 pots ( ! #cb-size1 tak+ c>e n to break ! "o sl5d] root on :i* ! plant dep5ds at ?is /age4 ,gr[ on 9 ! same temp]ature until mid-,m>*1 :5 !y may be transf]r$ to a cold frame to und]go progressive h>d5+ 9 read9ess = plant+ out at a fav\rable opportunity 9 ,april4 ,!re may be ?ree s[+s ( ,leek made 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 & ,april1 to insure a succession1 & also to make good any failures4 ,b = mo/ g>d5s "o s[+ ab\t ! middle ( ,m>* w be suffici5t4 ,f ?is s[+ x w be an easy matt] to secure an e>ly supply1 a ma9 crop1 & a late crop1 = !y may be transplant$ f ! se$-b$ at a v e>ly /age1 & successive ?9n+s w make sev]al plantations2 & f9ally1 z _m c be left 9 ! se$-b$ to mature z w =m a prop] plantation4 ,g5]al ,cultivation4--,! ,leek w gr[ 9 any soil1 & :5 no ?ick] ?an ! f+] is useful2 inde$1 9 _m places :]e ! soil is poor & ! climate cold x r>ely gr[s l>g]1 b is1 nev]!less1 greatly valu$4 ,a ri* dry soil suits ! plant well1 & :5 lib]ally gr[n x atta9s to a great size1 & is v attractive1 ) its silv]y root & brilliant gre5 top4 ,! economical c\rse ( managem5t consi/s 9 ?9n+ & plant+ z opportunities occur1 beg9n+ z soon z ! plants are six in*es high1 & putt+ !m 9 well-prep>$ gr\nd1 :i* %\ld be ?or\ghly wat]$ previ\sly1 unless already s(t5$ by ra94 ,! di/ance = plant+ mu/ dep5d ^u ! nature ( ! soil & ! requirem5ts ( ! cultivator4 ,= an av]age crop1 eighte5 in*es betwe5 ! r[s & six to n9e in*es betwe5 ! plants is suffici5t2 b to gr[ l>ge ,leeks1 !y mu/ be all[$ a space ( twelve to eighte5 in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,9 plant+1 fir/ %ort5 ! leaves a little 7& v little71 !n drive d[n ! dibb]1 & put ! plant 9 z deep z ! base ( ! leaves1 & close 9 c>efully )\t pressure4 ,wat] lib]ally1 occasionally /ir ! gr\nd betwe5 plants1 & aga9 cut (f ! tops ( ! leaves1 :5 ! roots w gr[ to a l>ge size4 ,if ! gr\nd is dang]\sly damp or pa/y1 make a b$ = ! crop ) light ri* soil1 plant on ! level & m\ld up z ! gr[? advances4 ,on light l&1 h[ev]1 x is advisable to gr[ !m 9 tr5*es1 prep>$ z = ,cel]y4 ,! l>ge/ & :ite/ %\ld n be left to battle ) /orms1 b ^? left 9 ! se$-b$ w take no h>m f w9t] wea!r1 & w be useful :5 ! gr&ees are eat54 ,! f9e/ roots t rema9 :5 w9t] sets 9 may be tak5 up 9 good "t & /or$ 9 dry s&1 & w keep = at lea/ a mon?4 ,any t rema9 ov] 9 spr+ c readily be turn$ to acc\nt4 ,z ! fl[]-/ems rise nip !m out2 n "o %\ld be left4 ,! result ( ?is practice w be ! =mation on ! roots ( small r\ndi% :ite bulbs1 :i* make an excell5t di% :5 /ew$ 9 gravy1 & may be us$ = any purpose 9 cook]y = :i* ,onions or ,%allots are employ$4 ,!y are call$ #8,leek ,bulbs1' & are obta9able only 9 e>ly summ]4 ,blan*+4--,! edible "p ( ! root %\ld be blan*$1 & ?is may be effect$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,dra9-pipes n less ?an two & a half in*es 9 diamet]1 & f twelve to fifte5 in*es 9 l5g?1 answ] well = l>ge /ems4 ,tubes ( /iff br[n pap] are also v s]viceable4 ,draw+ up ! e>? to ! /em z gr[? develops is a simple me?od ( blan*+1 & ! edible portion may easily be increas$ accord+ to ! am\nt ( e>?+-up giv54 ,p]fect blan*+ is ( fir/ importance :5 specim5s are want$ = ! exhibition table1 & a comm5cem5t mu/ be made z soon z ! plants may be said to h ?or\ghly recov]$ f ! effects ( transplant+4 ,,lettuce ,lactuca sativa ,! lettuce is ! k+ ( salads1 & z a cook$ vegetable x has its value2 b z x does n compete ) ! ,pea1 ! ,asp>agus1 or ! ,caulifl[]1 we ne$ n make comp>isons1 b may proce$ to ! consid]ation ( its uses 9 ! uncook$ /ate4 ,sci5tific advis]s on diet & heal? e/eem ! ,lettuce highly = its anti-scorbutic prop]ties1 & especially = its :olesom5ess z a corrective4 ,x supplies ! blood ) vegetable juices t are ne$ful to accompany fle% foods :5 cook$ vegetables are unatta9able4 ,our summ]s are usually too brief & too cool to p]mit u to acquire a k ( ! real value ( ! ,lettuce1 b 9 ,s\!rn ,europe & _m p>ts ( ! ,ea/ x becomes a necess>y ( life1 & ^? l>ge r$ ,lettuces t are occasionally gr[n "h z curiosities are priz$ above all o!rs because ( _! crisp coolness & refre%+ flav\r "u a burn+ sun4 ,! num]\s v>ieties may1 = practical purposes1 be gr\p$ 9 two classes--,cabbage & ,cos ,lettuces4 ,!y v>y greatly 9 habit & are adapt$ = diff]5t purposes1 ! fir/ gr\p be+ invaluable = mix$ salads at all seasons1 b m especially 9 w9t] & e>ly spr+2 ! second gr\p is mo/ s]viceable 9 ! summ] season1 & is adapt$ = a simple k9d ( salad1 ! leaves be+ m crisp & juicy4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( ! two classes %\ld be gr[n 9 e g>d51 bo? = _! great value to appetite & heal?1 & _! elegance on ! table1 :e!r pla9 or dress$4 ,9 ! selection ( sorts1 lead+ types %\ld be kept 9 view4 ,"s ( ! v>ieties :i* h be5 introduc$ h no claim to a place 9 a good li/1 because ( _! co>s5ess4 ,al?\gh !y af=d a great bulk ( blan*$ mat]ial1 x is too (t5 de/itute ( flav\r1 or altoge!r objectionable4 ,! be/ types are t5d] & delicately flav\r$1 repres5t+ c5turies ( cultivation1 & ! sub v>ieties ( ^! types %\ld reta9 _! lead+ *>act]i/ics1 ?\gh p]haps !y are m h>dy & /& long]1 & are !re=e mu* to be desir$4 ,prep>ation ( ! ,soil4--,! ,lettuce requires a light1 ri* soil1 b almo/ any k9d ( soil may be s prep>$ z to insure a fair supply1 & 9 places :]e f9e ,cos ,lettuces are n readily obta9$1 x may be possible to gr[ excell5t ,cabbage v>ieties 9 place ( !m4 ,a tol]ably good g>d5 soil w answ] = bo? classes1 & fat /able manure %\ld be lib]ally us$4 ,! be/ way to prep>e gr\nd = ! summ] crop is to select a piece t has be5 tr5*$1 & g ov] x aga91 lay+ 9 a good body ( r\gh gre5 manure1 "o spade deep1 s t ! plant w be put on unmanur$ gr\nd1 b w rea* ! manure at ! v p]iod :5 x is ne$$1 by :i* "t contact ) ! e>? w h r5d]$ x sweet & mell[4 ,by ?is mode ( proc$ure ! f9e/ gr[? is secur$1 & ! plants /& well )\t bolt+1 z !y1 are sav$ f ! di/ress consequ5t on cont9u$ dry wea!r4 ,z reg>ds dr\ght1 x mu/ be said t ! r$-leav$ k9ds /& rem>kably well 9 a hot summ]1 & al?\gh !y d n rank high z table ,lettuces 9 ?is c\ntry1 7 we to exp]i5ce a succession ( roa/+ summ]s !y w\ld rise 9 repute & be 9 great dem&4 ,cabbage ,lettuces be> dr\ght fairly well1 m especially ! dim9utive section2 b :]e wat] is available ,lettuces h z good a claim to a %>e ( x 9 a dry1 hot season1 z any crop 9 ! g>d54 ,blan*+4--,a fir/-class /ra9 ( ,:ite ,cos ,lettuce w produce t5d] :ite he>ts )\t be+ ti$1 &1 z a rule1 !re=e1 ! lab\r ( ty+ may be sav$4 ,! section ( :i* ,sutton's ,sup]b ,:ite ,cos is ! type may be said to produce bett] samples )\t ty+ ?an ) ?is imag9>y aid to blan*+4 ,! m>ket gr[] is /ill accu/om$ to tie ,lettuces because !y are m easily pack$ & travel bett] :5 ti$1 b :5 ty+ is practis$ x ne$ n be done until "o or two days be=e ! ,lettuces are cut4 ,! co>s] m>ket k9ds c]ta9ly are improv$ by ty+1 & 9 ?is case ! op]ation mu/ be p]=m$ :5 ! plants are q dry1 & n m ?an t5 days 9 advance ( ! day on :i* x is int5d$ to pull !m4 ,! ,ba? ,cos mu/ be ti$ always1 & :5 well manag$ ! he>t is :ite1 ) a pretty t\* ( p9k 9 ! c5tre4 ,spr+-s[n ,lettuces may be =w>d$ "u glass f ,janu>y to ,m>*1 f :i* "t s[+s may be made successively 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,9 any & e case ! f9e/ ,lettuces are obta9$ by s[+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & leav+ ! plants to f9i% 9 ! se$-b$ )\t be+ transplant$4 ,x w1 ( c\rse1 occur to ! practical cultivator t ! two sy/ems may be comb9$1 s z to v>y ! "t ( turn+ 91 & ?us f a s+le s[+ insur+ a long] succession ?an is possible by "o sy/em only4 ,we w suppose small s[+s made ( ?ree or f\r sorts 9 ,janu>y or e>ly 9 ,febru>y1 & put into a g5tle heat to />t !m4 ,a v little c>e w keep !m go+ nicely1 & ( c\rse !y mu/ h light & air to any ext5t comm5surate ) safety4 ,:5 ab\t ?ree weeks old1 x w be advisable to prick ^! out into a b$ ( light ri* e>? 9 frames2 or if ! season is backw>d1 & !y ne$ a little m nurs+1 prick !m into l>ge %all[ boxes1 conta9+ two or ?ree in*es ( soil1 :i* w be suffici5t provid$ x consi/s 9 great "p ( decay$ manure1 kept always moi/ en\gh = heal?y gr[+4 ,! next /ep w be to plant !m out ab\t six in*es ap>t1 ) a view to draw a c]ta9 numb] z soon z !y are l>ge en\gh to be useful1 leav+ ! rema9d] at n9e to twelve in*es1 tak+ c>e to ?9 out 9 "t to prev5t any leaves ov]lapp+4 ,if ,peas are be+ gr[n "u glass1 a few plants ( an e>ly ,cabbage v>iety may be put out betwe5 ! r[s1 or !y may be prick$ out on ! bord]s ( a ,pea*-h\se1 9 ei!r case spac+ ! plants n9e in*es ap>t4 ,successive s[+s made 9 ,febru>y & ,m>* w be treat$ 9 ! same way1 & w ne$ less nurs+4 ,9 plant+ out1 x is important to h ! se$l+s well h>d5$1 = !y are naturally susceptible to w9d & sun%9e1 & if sudd5ly expos$ to ei!r w be likely to p]i%4 ,aga91 :5 fir/ plant$ out _! delicate leaves w attract all ! slugs & snails 9 ! g>d51 & ! discreet way ( act+ is to reg>d a plantation ( ,lettuce z an ext5sive v]m9 trap1 & ?us1 kn[+ :]e ! m>aud]s are1 to be ready to cat* & kill1 or to de/roy !m by spr9kl+s ( lime1 salt1 or soot1 9 all cases be+ c>eful to keep ^! ag5ts at a reasonable di/ance f ! plants4 ,s[+s 9 ! op5 gr\nd f ! end ( ,m>* onw>ds %\ld be made1 n on an ord9>y se$-b$1 b on a plot load$ ) ri* manure at "o spit deep1 & ! se$ %\ld be put 9 %all[ drills "o foot ap>t4 ,f ! "t ! "y plants are two in*es high !y mu/ be drawn freely = #8,cutt+ ,lettuce1' or = plant+ out else:]e2 ?is ?9n+ to proce$ until a suffici5t crop rema9s to f9i% (f on ! gr\nd4 ,! value ( #8,cutt+ ,lettuce' is bett] und]/ood on ! ,cont95t ?an 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! small t5d] plants are 9 daily use1 & appe> 9 ! salad b[l ) ,wat] ,cress & ,corn ,salad1 delicately dress$ ) delici\s flav\r+s4 ,aft] ?is brief digression x is necess>y to add t a cr[d$ ,lettuce crop is an encumbrance to ! gr\nd2 & "o ( ! evils ( ! be/ sy/em1 t ( s[+ :]e ! crop is to f9i%1 is ! t5d5cy ( ! cultivator to be timid 9 ! ?9n+1 :i* %\ld be done ) a bold h&1 & 9 good "t4 ,july & ,augu/ ,s[+4--,f s[+s made dur+ ^! mon?s ! supply ( ,lettuce f ! op5 gr\nd may be ext5d$ ?r\gh\t ! autumn1 & ev5 into ,decemb] or ,janu>y %\ld ! wea!r prove fav\rable4 ,! ma9 conditions ess5tial to success are1 ! use ( quick-gr[+ v>ieties1 s[+ 9 good soil :]e ! heads are to mature1 & e>ly & sev]e ?9n+4 ,! ?9n+s may be transplant$ if requir$4 ,w9t] ,lettuces are produc$ & provid$ = 9 v>i\s ways4 ,9 "s places ,lettuces /& out ! w9t] )\t cov]+1 & turn 9 e>ly 9 ! spr+4 ,b 9 o!r di/ricts !y seldom survive ! w9t] )\t protection1 ev5 :5 ! sp>r[s sp>e !m4 ,! summ] s[+s w af=d supplies to a late season ( ! ye>1 & ! crop t rema9s :5 fro/ sets 9 may be pres]v$ ) slight & r\gh protection4 ,b = ! pr(itable production ( ,w9t] ,lettuces frames are a necessity1 & c>e mu/ be tak5 n to promote a /rong gr[?1 = aft] a t]m ( mild w9t] wea!r a sudd5 & sev]e fro/ w probably annihilate ^? t are 9 a too ?riv+ condition4 ,9 ! lea/ likely places1 h[ev]1 x is well to h a small plantation ( ,w9t] ,lettuces 9 ! op51 & to give "s r\gh protection 9 bad times1 z ^! (t5 prove ( great advantage1 & ev5 outlive frame crops :i* h be5 all[$ to get too =w>d by ! aid ( w>m? & a ri* soil4 ,= w9t] & spr+ use s[+s %\ld comm5ce 9 ,augu/ & be cont9u$1 accord+ to requirem5ts1 until ! middle ( ,octob]1 aft] :i* x is wa/e ( "t & se$ to s[ any m4 ,! ,augu/ & ,septemb] s[+s may be made p>tly on an op5 bord] & p>tly 9 frames1 b ! ,octob] s[+s mu/ be 9 frames only1 = w9t] may ov]take !m 9 ! se$-leaf4 ,! se$l+s mu/ 9 all cases be ?9n$ & prick$ out z soon z l>ge en\gh1 & %\ld be plant$ 9 f9e soil1 free f rec5t manure1 be+ c>efully h&l$ to avoid ne$less *eck4 ,"s %\ld be plant$ 9 frames on b$s ( light soil ne> ! glass1 at ?ree in*es ap>t1 & :5 ^! meet !y mu/ be ?9n$ = ! h\se z may be necess>y3 ! rema9d] ( ! ?9n+s may be put out on w>m bord]s at six in*es1 &1 if q conv5i5t1 a crop %\ld be left 9 ! se$-b$ at six in*es4 ,f ! frames1 ! supplies w be ready 9 "t to foll[ ^? f late summ] s[+s1 & ?us ?r\gh ! w9t] until ! frames are cle>$ out = ! "w ( ! spr+4 ,! frame crop mu/ h pl5ty ( air1 & be kept z h>dy z possible1 b ) moi/ure en\gh to su/a9 a /eady heal?y gr[?4 ,if r\ghly h&l$ 9 ! plant+1 or a little />v$ 9 respect ( moi/ure1 ! plants w rise f ! c5tre j :5 !y ought to beg9 to turn 91 & ! fir/ few days ( w>m sun%9e w />t !m 9 ! wrong way4 ,z to ^? w9t]$ out1 !re are _m ways ( protect+ !m1 & :5 success has cr[n$ ! ef=t !re w be a cr[d$ plant4 ,x w be necess>y1 !re=e1 to transplant at lea/ half ! crop by lift+ e o!r "o4 ,?is mu/ be done ) c>e1 z ?\gh !y 7 wor? a gu9ea ea*4 ,by transplant+ e>ly 9 ,m>* to a piece ( ri* light gr\nd 9 a w>m spot1 & do+ ! "w neatly & sm>tly1 ! result w be a valuable crop ( e>ly ,summ] ,lettuce1 :ile ^? t rema9 w help ?r\gh ! spr+4 ,=c+4--,lettuces d n =ce well2 b z !y are s con/antly 9 dem&1 x is a matt] ( importance to gr[ !m 9 e possible way4 ,nice promis+ plants f ,augu/ & ,septemb] s[+s may be select$ f ! frames1 & plant$ on g5tle hot-b$s f ,novemb] to ,janu>y1 & w d well if t5d]ly lift$4 ,! ,commodore ,nutt & ,gold5 ,ball are ! be/ ( ! ,cabbage v>ieties = =c+4 ,! ,cos v>ieties d n diff] mu* z to =c+1 none ( !m be+ well adapt$ = ! purpose2 b ! ,sup]b ,:ite ,cos may be br\ght to f9e condition by tak+ "t en\gh1 s z to make a v mod]ate w>m? suffice4 ,on sunny days ! heat %\ld n exce$ #ge2 b #fe is suffici5t1 ) a night temp]ature ( #deto #ej4 ,"o o!r me?od ( provid+ small delicate salad+ may be adopt$ to meet em]g5cies4 ,on ! b>r[s ( it9]ant gre5groc]s 9 ,p>is ! ?9n+s ( ,lettuce crops =m "p ( ! g5]al /ock1 & 9 ?is c\ntry we d n suffici5tly utilise ?is "y t5d] /uff4 ,b we h n[ 9 view ! use ( ,lettuce 9 a /ill e>li] /age ( gr[?4 ,by s[+ r ?9ly 9 boxes1 kept "u glass1 a d5se gr[? is produc$ 9 a %ort "t :i* c be cut 9 ! same mann] z ,mu/>d4 ,= ?is purpose ,sutton's ,w9t] ,ga!r+ is especially valuable1 or "o ( ! be/ ,:ite ,cos v>ieties %\ld be s[n4 ,,maize & ,,sug> ,,corn ,zea ,mays ,maize is a t5d] plant ( great beauty t may be gr[n z a table vegetable1 a =age plant1 or a corn crop2 b 9 ! la/-nam$ capacity x is r>ely pr(itable 9 ?is c\ntry1 ow+ to ! brevity ( our summ]s4 ,z an ornam5tal plant x is entitl$ to consid]ation1 & ! m s because1 :ile adorn+ ! g>d5 ) its noble outl9es & spl5did silk5 tufts1 x w at ! same "t supply to ! table ! gre5 cobs t are s mu* valu$ :5 cook$ & s]v$ 9 ! same mann] z ,asp>agus4 ,!re is a simple r\gh & ready way ( gr[+ ,maize1 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds :i* is to prep>e a deep ri* soil1 9 a sunny & %elt]$ situation4 ,late 9 ,april or e>ly 9 ,may dibble ! se$s two in*es deep1 9 r[s two feet asund] & "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,:5 ! plants h made "s progress1 remove e o!r "o1 ^! ?9n+s to be de/roy$ or plant$ at discretion4 ,plants may also be />t$ "u glass by s[+ se$s 9 g5tle heat 9 ,april4 ,prick (f into pots & gradually h>d5 = transf] to ! op54 ,! crop w almo/ take c>e ( itself :5 ! wea!r is w>m en\gh to suit x4 ,b a deluge ( wat] may be giv5 dur+ ! hotte/ wea!r4 ,9 its native c\ntry1 & inde$ :]ev] ,maize ?or\ghly ?rives1 x is dep5d5t on frequ5t /orms4 ,,melon ,cucumis ,melo ,! popul>ity ( ?is cool & delici\s fruit has 9 rec5t ye>s be5 greatly enhanc$ by increas$ k z to ! be/ me?od ( treat+ ! plant1 & also by ! introduction ( sev]al v>ieties :i* are attractive 9 =m & sup]b 9 flav\r4 ,x w\ld %ock a mod]n ,melon eat] to be advis$ to cook a ,melon1 & flav\r x ) v9eg> & salt1 z 9 ! e>ly days ( ,engli% g>d5+4 ,a good ,melon ( ! pres5t day does n ev5 ne$ ! addition ( sug>2 ! beauty1 aroma1 & flav\r are su* t x is n unusual = ! epicure to pu% ! lusci\s ,p9e aside 9 ord] to enjoy ?is cool1 fre%1 gratify+ fruit t delights )\t cloy+ ! palate4 ,! new] v>ieties are rem>kable alike = fruitfulness & high quality1 & are some:at h>di] ?an ! fav\rites ( ye>s gone by4 ,! ,melon is gr[n 9 mu* ! same way z ! ,cucumb]1 b x diff]s 9 requir+ a firm] soil1 a high] temp]ature1 a mu* /rong] light1 less wat]1 & m air4 ,x may be said t no man %\ld attempt to gr[ ,melons until he has _h "s exp]i5ce 9 gr[+ ,cucumb]s4 ,z reg>ds ?is po9t1 ! h>d & fa/ l9e is useless1 b ,cucumb]-gr[+ is c]ta9ly a good practical prep>ative = ! high] walk :]e9 ! ,melon is f\nd4 ,b ,cucumb]s are gr[n advantage\sly all ! w9t] ?r\gh2 ,melons are n4 ,! =m] are eat5 gre51 & ! latt] are eat5 ripe2 ?is makes all ! diff]5ce4 ,melons t are rip5$ betwe5 ,octob] & ,may are seldom wor? ! tr\ble be/[$ ^u !m2 !re=e we %all say no?+ ab\t gr[+ ,melons 9 w9t]4 ,! ,frame ,culture may ) advantage beg9 ab\t ! middle ( ,m>* by ! prep>ation ( a good hot-b$4 ,x is be/ to use a ?ree-light frame1 z ! heat w be m con/ant ?an ) "o ( small] size4 ,!re %\ld be six loads ( /uff laid up = ! b$1 & ! turn+ %\ld be suffici5t to take out ! fire1 )\t mat]ially r$uc+ ! f]m5t+ p[]4 ,beg9 a =tnight 9 advance ( mak+ up ! b$1 & be c>eful at e /age to d ?+s well1 z advis$ = ! cultivation ( frame ,cucumb]s4 ,! be/ soil = ,melons is a firm1 turfy loam1 n9e in*es ( :i* %\ld be plac$ on top ( ! manure4 ,9 a clay di/rict1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( clay1 dis9tegrat$ by fro/1 may be *opp$ ov] ) turfy loam f an old pa/ure4 ,if ! soil is poor1 decay$ manure %\ld be add$1 b ! be/ possible ,melons may be gr[n 9 a f]tile loam )\t ! aid ( manures or /imulants ( any k9d4 ,x is good practice to raise ! plants 9 pots1 & h !m /rong en\gh to plant out z soon z ! newly-made b$s h settl$ d[n to a /eady temp]ature ( ab\t #hj1 b bel[ #gj w be unsafe4 ,if plants _c be prep>$ 9 advance1 se$ mu/ be s[n on ! b$1 & z a precaution aga9/ accid5ts & to p]mit ( ! removal ( ^? :i* %[ any sign ( weakness1 a suffici5t numb] ( se$s %\ld be s[n to provide = cont+5cies4 ,z reg>ds ! b$1 x may be made once & = all at ! "t ( plant+1 a few days be+ all[$ = w>m+ ! soil ?r\gh4 ,b we mu* pref] to beg9 ) smalli% hillocks1 or ) a ?9 %>p ridge rais$ s z almo/ to t\* ! lights1 & to plant or s[ on ?is ridge1 :i* c be add$ to f "t to "t z ! plants require m root room4 ,! soil1 com+ fre% & fre%1 su/a9s a vigor\s & heal?y root action4 ,! high ridge fav\rs ! production ( /\t leaves1 & ! absorption by ! soil ( sun-heat is to ! ,melon ( ! fir/ importance4 ,! practice ( prun+ ,melons z if ! plants 7 gr[n = fodd]1 & might be *opp$ at = supplies ( h]bage1 mu/ be he>tily condemn$4 ,melons %\ld nev] be s cr[d$ z to necessitate cutt+ out1 except 9 a q trivial mann]4 ,a free & vigor\s plant is ne$$1 & "u skilful att5tion x w r>ely happ5 t !re is a s+le leaf any:]e t c be sp>$4 ,we w propose a practical rule t we h foll[$ 9 gr[+ ,melons = se$1 ( :i* a l>ge crop ( ! mo/ p]fect fruits is absolutely ne$ful to insure a fair return4 ,! "y plants are p9*$ :5 !re are two r\gh leaves4 ,! result is two side %oots4 ,^! are all[$ to produce six or sev5 leaves1 & are !n p9*$4 ,aft] ?is1 ! plants are p]mitt$ to run1 & !re is no m p9*+ or prun+ until ! crop is visible4 ,!n ! fruits t are to rema9 mu/ be select$1 & ! %oots be p9*$ to "o eye above ea* fruit1 & only "o fruit %\ld rema9 on a %oot2 ! o!rs mu/ be remov$ a few at a "t4 ,all ov]gr[? mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/1 = cr[d$ plants w be comp>atively wor?less4 ,x is n by rudely cutt+ out t cr[d+ is to be prev5t$1 b by timely p9*+ out e %oot t is likely to prove sup]flu\s4 ,f fir/ to la/ !re mu/ be a regul> plant1 & n a %oot %\ld be all[$ to gr[ t is n want$4 ,cutt+ out may produce cank]1 & cr[d+ results 9 /]ility4 ,z ! ,melon is requir$ to rip5 its fruits1 & ! ,cucumb] is n1 ! treatm5t v>ies 9 view ( ?is diff]5ce4 ,x is n necess>y to f]tilise ! female fl[]s ( ! ,cucumb]1 b x is c]ta9ly desirable1 if n absolutely necess>y1 to op]ate on ^? ( ! ,melon to insure a crop4 ,! e>ly morn+1 :5 ! leaves are dry & ! sun is %9+1 is ! prop] "t = ?is task1 :i* is describ$ 9 a lat] p>agraph4 ,& ! necessity = rip5+ ! crop m>ks ano!r diff]5ce ( managem5t1 = ,cucumb]s may c>ry _m fruits1 & cont9ue produc+ !m until ! plants are exhau/$4 ,b ! production ( ,melons mu/ be limit$ to ab\t half a doz5 on ea* plant1 & good managem5t requires t ^! %\ld all rip5 at ! same "t1 or ne>ly s1 fully expos$ to ! sun1 & ) pl5ty ( v5tilation4 ,! requisite supply ( wat] is an important matt]4 ,! plant %\ld nev] be dry at ! root1 & mu/ h a light %[] twice a day ov] ! leafage1 b ! moi/ure :i* is necess>y = ,cucumb]s w\ld be excessive = ,melons4 ,x is a gold5 rule to gr[ ,melons lib]ally1 keep+ !m /urdy by judici\s air-giv+1 & to give !m a little extra wat]+ j z !y are com+ into fl[]4 ,!n1 z ! fl[]s op51 ! wat]+ at ! root %\ld be discont9u$1 & ! syr+e %\ld be us$ 9 ! ev5+ only at %utt+ up4 ,if discont9u$ entirely1 r$ spid] w appe>1 & ! crop w be 9 jeop>dy1 = t pe/ c be kept at a di/ance only by c>eful regulation ( atmosph]ic moi/ure4 ,melons 9 frames d bett] spread out on ! b$s ?an :5 tra9$ on trellises4 ,:5 s gr[n1 ea* fruit mu/ be support$ ) a flat tile or an inv]t$ fl[]-pot1 & means mu/ be tak51 by pegs or o!rwise1 to prev5t x f roll+ (f1 = ! twi/ ( /em t ensues may *eck ! fruit or cause x to fall4 ,:5 ! fruits are z l>ge z ! top jo9t ( a man's ?umb1 wat]+ may be resum$1 & ! syr+e us$ twice a day until ! fruit beg9s to *ange col\r1 :5 !re mu/ be a return to ! dry sy/em1 b ) c>e to avoid c>ry+ x to a dang]\s extreme4 ,! ,melon-h\se1 heat$ by hot wat]1 is adapt$ to supply fruit e>li] ?an is obta9able by frame culture1 & is entirely sup]ior to any frame or pit4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t 9 ,melon-h\ses r$ spid] is m frequ5tly se5 ?an 9 frames heat$ by f]m5t+ mat]ial2 b ?is po9t re/s on managem5t1 & !re c be no?+ m c]ta9 ?an t a reasonable employm5t ( atmosph]ic humidity may be made effectual = prev5t+ & remov+ ?is pe/4 ,= ! conv5i5t cultivation ( ! crop a lean-to or half-span is to be pref]r$4 ,! wid? %\ld n exce$ twelve feet1 & t5 to twelve feet %\ld be ! utmo/ height ( ! ro(4 ,a s]vice ( pipes "u ! b$ w be requir$2 b z ,melons are n gr[n 9 w9t]1 ! heat+ ( a ,melon-h\se is a simple affair1 &1 inde$1 v mu* ( ! cultivation z ! summ] advances w be c>ri$ on by ! aid ( sun-heat only4 ,! treatm5t ( ! plants 9 a h\se diff]s f ! frame managem5t1 because a trellis is employ$1 & ! plants are tak5 up ! trellis )\t /opp+ until !y ne>ly rea* ! top1 :5 ! po9ts are p9*$ out to promote ! gr[? ( side %oots4 ,9 sett+ ! fruit1 ! same pr9ciples prevail z 9 frame culture1 & x is advisable to #8set' ! :ole crop at once2 if two or ?ree fruits obta9 a good />t1 o!rs t are set lat] w drop (f4 ,z ! fruits swell1 support mu/ be af=d$ to prev5t any undue /ra9 on ! v9e1 & ?is %\ld be accompli%$ by nets specially made = ! purpose1 or by susp5d+ small flat bo>ds ( half-in* deal ) copp] wires1 ea* fruit re/+ on its bo>d1 until ! crack+ r\nd ! /em gives w>n+ t ! fruit %\ld be cut & plac$ 9 ! fruit room = a few days to complete ! rip5+ = ! table4 ,9 h\ses ( ! k9d describ$ ,melons & ,cucumb]s are occasionally gr[n toge!r4 ,b al?\gh ?is may be done1 & !re are _m cultivators exp]t 9 ! bus9ess1 ! practice _c be recomm5d$1 = %ips t sail ne> ! w9d w come to grief "s day4 ,! moi/ure & p>tial %ade t suit ! ,cucumb] d n suit ! ,melon1 & x is a poor compromise to make "o end ( ! h\se %ady & moi/1 & ! o!r end sunny & dry1 to e/abli% diff]5t conditions ) "o atmosph]e4 ,a glass p>tition pretty well disposes ( ! difficulty1 because x is !n possible to insure two atmosph]es suitable = two diff]5t op]ations4 7,see also pages #aeg1 #age1 & #ahd47 ,! ,poll9ation ( ,melons is p]=m$ by pluck+ ! mature male blooms1 & aft] ! removal ( ! petals1 transf]r+ ! poll5 ( ! male fl[] to ! /igma ( ! female fl[]4 ,,m]cury ,*5opodium ,bonus-,h5ricus ,?is p]fectly h>dy vegetable1 kn[n also by ! "n ( ,good ,k+ ,h5ry1 is mu* gr[n 9 ,l9coln%ire4 ,! leaves are us$ 9 ! same way z ,sp9a*1 & by e>?+ up ! %oots !y may be blan*$ z a sub/itute = ,asp>agus4 ,s[ ! se$s dur+ ,april 9 drills twelve in*es ap>t1 & 9 due c\rse ?9 ! se$l+s to "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,,mu%room ,ag>icus campe/ris ,! ,mu%room has _m fri5ds among all classes1 few b5evol5t neutrals1 & few] /ill :o are absolutely ho/ile to x z an article ( food4 ,^? :o f9d1 or imag9e !y f9d1 t ?is delicacy does n agree ) !m1 might possibly arrive at ano!r conclusion 7 a diff]5t mode ( prep>ation adopt$1 or 7 ! consumption ( x accompani$ ) a full p]suasion t ! ,mu%room is n m]ely delici\s 9 flav\r1 b ?or\ghly :olesome1 ri* 9 fle%-=m+ con/itu5ts1 &1 = a vegetable1 possess$ ( m ?an ! av]age proportion ( fat-=m]s & m9]als4 ,^! facts h be5 cle>ly e/abli%$ by *emical analysis1 & may dispose ( timid misgiv+s1 always suppos+ ! true edible ,mu%room1 ,ag>icus campe/ris1 to be 9 "q4 ,hi!rto ! artificial production ( ,mu%rooms has nev] be5 equal to ! dem&4 ,not)/&+ ! enorm\s quantities s5t to ,cov5t ,g>d5 by ! gr[]s ar\nd ,london1 _m tons are import$ f ,france1 al?\gh x is g5]ally admitt$ t !y are nei!r s f9e nor s ri* 9 flav\r z ^? produc$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! l>ge c5tres ( population are inadequately suppli$1 ! sc>city ( ,mu%rooms is m ke5ly felt 9 ! prov9ces1 except1 p]haps1 9 c]ta9 fav\r$ di/ricts1 :]e1 aft] a few w>m days 9 autumn1 an abundant crop may be ga!r$ f ! neighb\r+ pa/ures4 ,!n !re is a brave %[ 9 ! gre5groc]s' w9d[s = a brief p]iod1 foll[$ by entire de>? = weeks1 & p]haps mon?s4 ,obvi\sly1 !re=e1 ! dem&1 l>ge z x already is1 might be imm5sely augm5t$ by a comm5surate supply4 ,yet x is n only possible b q easy to gr[ ,mu%rooms = ! great] "p ( ! ye> 9 v small g>d5s1 ev5 :5 su* g>d5s are entirely de/itute ( ! appliances usually consid]$ necess>y = ! high] flights ( horticulture4 ,! idea t ,mu%room-gr[+ is some:at ( a my/]y1 =bidd5 to all b ! /rictly initiat$1 has happily be5 dispell$4 ,if we exam9e ! conditions "u :i* ,mu%rooms gr[ freely 9 pa/ures1 x is surpris+ h[ few & simple are ! elem5ts ( success4 ,! crop g5]ally appe>s 9 ,septemb]1 :5 temp]ature is g5ial & fairly equable1 ) suffici5t b n sup]abundant moi/ure4 ,! artificial production ( ,mu%rooms 9 ! g>d5 ne$s only reliable spawn1 a sweet f]tile b$1 & "s means ( ma9ta9+ a /eady temp]ature "u v>y+ atmosph]ic conditions4 ,:5 ! pr9ciples ( ,mu%room culture are ?or\ghly ma/]$1 !y may be successfully appli$ 9 _m diff]5t ways1 & !y r5d] ! practical "w easy & tol]ably c]ta94 ,! ,spawn4--,al?\gh ! ,mu%room may be gr[n f se$1 x is seldom done except = /rictly sci5tific purposes4 ,! se$s are1 h[ev]1 l>gely dissem9at$ by ,nature1 &1 hav+ f\nd a suitable home1 !y g]m9ate & produce an und]gr\nd gr[? :i* at a ha/y glance resembles mildew4 ,x really consi/s ( :ite gossam]-l films1 :i* increase 9 numb] & di/9ctness z !y develop1 until !y pu% _! way t[>ds ! surface1 & give rise to ! gr[? above gr\nd ( ! ,mu%room4 ,x foll[s t if we d n beg9 ! cultivation ) se$s or spores1 we mu/ resort to ! :ite films or #8mycelium1' t ! gr[? ( ! plant may beg9 9 ,nature's own way bel[ gr\nd4 ,:at is call$ #8,mu%room ,spawn' consi/s ( c]ta9 mat]ials f ! /able & ! field1 mix$ & prep>$ 9 su* a mann] z to fav\r ! developm5t ( ! mycelium ( ! ,mu%room4 ,:5 dri$1 ! cakes h ! appe>ance ( an unburnt brick4 ,! prep>ation ( ! spawn1 ?\gh a v simple matt]1 dem&s ! skill & c>e ( exp]i5c$ op]ators4 ,if ! "w is n well done1 ! spawn w be ( poor quality1 & w yield a meagre crop1 or p]haps fail to produce a s+le ,mu%room4 ,:e!r ! cakes or bricks are impregnat$ 9 ! mann] long practis$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 or direct f ! tissue ( ! ,mu%room1 ! culture rema9s ! same4 ,provid$ t ! spawn is good1 x has b to be brok5 into lumps ( a suitable size1 & ins]t$ 9 ! b$1 to impregnate ! entire mass ) ! necess>y :ite films4 ,^! w take _! "t to collect f ! soil ! alkalies & phosphates ( :i* ,mu%rooms pr9cipally consi/1 & ?is "p ( _! "w be+ done1 ! fruits ( _! lab\rs w be display$ above gr\nd 9 ! elegant & sweet-smell+ fungus t few human appetites c resi/ :5 x is plac$ ^u ! table 9 ! way t x des]ves4 ,exp]ts c readily =m an op9ion z to :e!r a cake ( ,mu%room spawn is or is n 9 a fit /ate = plant+1 & x w be a safe proce$+ = ! amateur to buy f a ,firm :i* has a l>ge & con/ant sale2 o!rwise1 spawn may be pur*as$ :i* 0 orig9ally well made & prop]ly impregnat$1 b has lo/ its vitality ?r\gh long keep+4 ,soil4--,z to soil1 x is well kn[n t 9 a fav\rable autumn ,mu%rooms ab\nd 9 old ri* pa/ures1 & ^? :o h comm& ( turf cut f a field ( ?is "* h only to /ack ! sods grass side d[nw>ds = a ye> or two1 & !y w be 9 possession ( fir/-class mat]ial = ,mu%room b$s ei!r 9 ! op5 or "u cov]4 ,b small g>d5s1 p>ticul>ly 9 t[ns1 h no su* bank to hon\r _! drafts1 & = ^! x becomes a "q ( buy+ a load or two ( turfy loam1 or ( mak+ ! soil ( ! g>d5 answ]1 p]haps ) a prelim9>y enri*m5t by artificial manure4 ,9 ! g5]al int]e/s ( ! g>d51 ! money = a limit$ quantity ( good loam w\ld probably be well sp5t1 indep5d5tly ( ! "q ( ,mu%rooms4 ,no great bulk is necess>y to cov] a mod]ate-siz$ ,mu%room b$1 b ! quality ( ! soil w c]ta9ly h an influ5ce on ! numb] & "* ( ! ,mu%rooms4 ,z a pro( ( ! exhau/ive nature ( ! fungus1 x almo/ inv>iably happ5s t :5 ! soil is us$ a second "t x t5ds to dim9i% ! size & l[] ! quality ( ! crop4 ,manure4--,9 ! managem5t ( ! manure two ess5tials mu/ be borne 9 m9d4 ,n only is n\ri%m5t = ! plant requir$1 b w>m? also4 ,probably a l>ge proportion ( ! failures to gr[ ,mu%rooms might1 if all ! facts 7 kn[n1 be trac$ to "s defect 9 ! manure employ$1 or to "s fault 9 its prep>ation4 ,x mu/ be ri* 9 ! prop]ties :i* enc\rage & support ! developm5t ( ,mu%rooms1 absolutely free f ! lea/ objectionable od\r1 = ! plant is mo/ fa/idi\s 9 its dem& = sweetness1 al?\gh x c disp5se ) light2 & !re mu/ rema9 9 ! manure :5 made into a b$ a suffici5t res]ve ( f]m5tation to insure prolong$ heat1 no matt] :at ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e may be4 ,( c\rse1 ! duration ( ! heat w dep5d v mu* on ! c>e ) :i* x is cons]v$ by suitable cov]+ & managem5t4 ,^! requirem5ts1 =midable z !y may seem1 c be insur$ ) extreme ease2 inde$1 ! "w is app>5tly f> m difficult & complicat$ on pap] ?an x proves to be 9 practice4 ,prep>ation ( ! ,b$4--,! manure %\ld come f /ables occupi$ by horses 9 good heal?1 f$ exclusively on h>d food4 ,! mo/ suitable /ore is ! floor ( a dry %$1 or "u "s protection :i* w prev5t ! loss ( vital =ces4 ,ammonia1 = example1 is readily dissipat$ 9 ! atmosph]e or wa%$ away by ra94 ,! manure %\ld nei!r be all[$ to become du/ dry1 nor to wa/e its p[] 9 premature f]m5tation4 ,op]ations may be comm5c$ ) ?ree or f\r loads4 ,a small] quantity increases ! difficulty ( ma9ta9+ ! requisite temp]ature :5 f]m5tation beg9s to flag4 ,! fir/ proc$ure is to make ! manure into a high oblong heap well trodd5 d[n4 ,if ! /uff be some:at dry1 a spr9kl+ ( wat] ov] e lay] w be necess>y4 ,9 a few days f]m5tation w make ! heap hot all ?r\gh1 & !n x mu/ be tak5 to pieces & remade1 putt+ all ! outside portions into ! int]ior1 ) ! object ( insur+ equal f]m5tation ( ! entire bulk4 ,?is process w h to be repeat$ sev]al times at int]vals ( ?ree or f\r days until ! manure has n only be5 f]m5t$ b sweet5$4 ,:5 ready x w be ( a d>k col\r1 s(t1 damp en\gh to be cohesive "u pressure1 b n suffici5tly damp to "p ) any ( its moi/ure1 & almo/ od\rless2 at all ev5ts ! od\r w n be objectionable1 b may be sugge/ive ( ,mu%rooms4 ,make a long b$1 hav+ a base ab\t f\r feet wide1 & sides slop+ to a ridge l ! ro( ( a h\se1 ) ?is diff]5ce--! n>r[ "p ( ! ridge is useless1 & ! top %\ld1 !re=e1 be r\nd$ (f :5 ab\t a foot across4 ,"s gr[]s pref] a circul> b$ ( six or eight feet diamet] at ! bottom & tap]+ t[>ds a po9t1 aft] ! %ape ( a milit>y t5t2 b "h aga9 ! po9t w be wor?less1 & ! b$ may t]m9ate abruptly4 ,ei!r ! long b$ or ! r\nd heap answ]s admirably4 ,tread ! manure d[n compactly1 & = ! sake ( appe>ances endeav\r to f9i% x (f 9 a workmanlike mann]4 ,dur+ ! fir/ few days !re w be a consid]able rise 9 ! temp]ature1 :i* w gradually subside1 & :5 ! plung+ !rmomet] %[s t x has settl$ d[n to a com=table condition ( ab\t #hj ! b$ mu/ be spawn$4 ,exp]i5c$ m5 c det]m9e by ! s5se ( t\* :5 ! temp]ature is "r1 b ! inexp]i5c$ %\ld rely entirely on ! !rmomet]4 ,! "q w arise z to ! p]iod ( ! ye> :5 op]ations %\ld be comm5c$4 ,well1 ! exp]ts :o gr[ ,mu%rooms 9 ! op5 gr\nd = m>ket ga!r crops almo/ ! ye> r\nd2 b a beg9n] w d wisely to />t "u ! mo/ fav\rable natural conditions1 & ^! w be f\nd ab\t midsumm]1 because ! b$ w comm5ce be>+ be=e w9t] creates difficulty z to temp]ature4 ,spawn+ & ,aft]-managem5t4--,break ea* cake ( spawn into eight or t5 pieces1 & =ce e piece g5tly a little way into ! manure at regul> int]vals ( six to n9e in*es all ov] ! b$1 clos+ ! manure ov] & r\nd ea* piece ( spawn4 ,! practice ( ins]t+ spawn by means ( ! dibb] is to be /rongly condemn$1 = x leaves smoo?1 holl[ spaces :i* arre/ ! mycelium2 & v small pieces ( spawn %\ld be avoid$ because !y g5]ally result 9 small ,mu%rooms4 ,imm$iately ! spawn+ is complet$1 a ?ick & ev5 cov]+ ( clean /raw or litt] ( "s k9d %\ld be laid ov] ! b$1 secur$ f w9d by canvas1 mats1 hurdles1 or 9 "s o!r way4 ,f good spawn ! films ( mycelium w beg9 to ext5d )9 a week4 ,9 ! contr>y case an exam9ation ( ! pieces w %[ t !y h become d>k] ?an :5 put into ! b$1 :i* means t !y h p]i%$4 ,!n ! "q w arise z to :e!r ! b$ or ! spawn is at fault1 & ! =m] mu/ ei!r be spawn$ aga9 or brok5 up4 ,suppos+ ! spawn to %[ signs ( vitality1 ! "t has come = cov]+ ! b$ ) a lay] ( r moi/ soil1 press$ lightly b firmly on to ! manure ) ! spade or =k1 s t ! e>? w n slip d[n4 ,at once re/ore ! cov]+ ( litt]1 c41 & wait pati5tly = ab\t sev5 or eight weeks = ! crop4 ,mean:ile ! plung+ !rmomet] ought to be consult$ daily4 ,until ! ,mu%rooms appe> ! in/rum5t %\ld n indicate less ?an #fj1 & :ile 9 be>+ n less ?an #ee4 ,exp]i5ce proves t ! mo/ viol5t alt]nations ( temp]ature may be combat$ by regulat+ ! ?ickness ( ! cov]+4 ,al?\gh x may possibly be necess>y to resort to eighte5 in*es ( litt] or m dur+ h>d fro/ or ! preval5ce ( a cutt+ ea/ w9d1 a mu* ?9n] cov]+ w suffice 9 mild] wea!r4 ,%\ld ! temp]ature ( ! b$1 ?r\gh inexp]i5ce 9 ! managem5t ( x1 s9k bel[ ! po9t at :i* ,mu%rooms c gr[1 we advise ! ex]cise ( a little pati5ce4 ,we h kn[n sev]al in/ances ( b$s made 9 autumn produc+ no crop at ! expect$ "t1 b :i* h borne fairly 9 ! foll[+ spr+ or summ]4 ,b 9 ! ev5t ( ! fir/ ef=t fail+ outright !re is no great loss4 ,! manure1 :i* is ! mo/ co/ly item1 w /ill be available = ! g>d51 & an obs]vant man w pretty well und]/& 9 :at respect he mu/ am5d 8 c\rse ( proc$ure4 ,wat]4--,moi/ure is ( great consequ5ce1 = a dry ,mu%room b$ w soon be b>r5 also2 b :5ev] wat] is giv5 x mu/ be appli$ tepid & f a f9e rose4 ,to slop cold wat] ov] a ,mu%room b$ is ab\t z reasonable a proc$ure z putt+ ice into hot s\p4 ,wat] is be/ adm9i/]$ 9 ! aft]noon ( a g5ial day1 & %\ld be suffici5t to saturate ! b$4 ,imm$iately x is done ! cov]+ ( litt] & canvas mu/ be promptly re/or$ to prev5t ! temp]ature f be+ s]i\sly l[]$ by rapid evaporation4 ,a c\ple ( /akes driv5 f ! cr[n to ! bottom ( ! b$ at ! "t ( mak+ up ! heap are useful z indicators ( moi/ure1 & may occasionally be drawn out & exam9$4 ,9 ga!r+ ! crop1 only a small portion ( ! b$ %\ld be uncov]$ at a "t4 ,?is %\ld be ! rule at all seasons1 & ! /rict obs]vance ( x w prev5t a mi/ake 9 cold wea!r1 = !n1 if ! b$ is c>elessly uncov]$ & mu* *ill$1 ! crop w come to an end1 :5 p]haps x w\ld1 if prop]ly h&l$1 be at high tide & full ( pr(it4 ,ano!r rule %\ld be en=c$1 to ?is effect1 t e ,mu%room mu/ be tak5 out complete1 & if ! root does n come ) ! /em1 x mu/ be dug out ) a knife4 ,any trifl+ ) ?is rule w prove a co/ly mi/ake4 ,! /em ( a ,mu%room1 if left 9 ! gr\nd1 w produce no?+ at all4 ,b x may attract flies1 & x c]ta9ly w int]f]e ) ! movem5ts ( ! mycelium at t p>ticul> spot1 & actually prev5t ! production ( any m ,mu%rooms4 ,! old practition]s 7 accu/om$ to leave ! /em 9 ! gr\nd1 & !y 7 cont5t ) ab\t "o-?ird ( ! crop n[ produc$ on b$s t are1 p]haps1 n bett] made ?an 7 !irs4 ,b !y _h a notion ab\t ! p[]s ( ! root :i* increas$ k ( ! subject has %[n to be fallaci\s4 ,9 ,pa/ures4--,z already indicat$1 ,mu%rooms are (t5 to be f\nd 9 abundance 9 well-/ock$ pa/ures dur+ ! late summ] mon?s1 & :]e fav\rable conditions exi/ x is an excell5t plan to ins]t pieces ( spawn two in*es deep 9 ! turf 9 ,june & ,july4 ,turf ,pits4--,! facility ) :i* ,mu%rooms may be rais$ "u simple me?ods is illu/rat$ by ! practice ( gr[+ !m inside ! turf walls ( cool pits4 ,9 ! c\ntry turf walls are common1 & !y (f] ! advantage ( gr[+ ,mu%rooms 9 addition to ! purpose !y usually s]ve4 ,aft] det]m9+ ! size ( ! pit1 & accurately m>k+ x on ! gr\nd1 cut ! turf into n>r[ /rips1 say ?ree or f\r in*es wide1 & ( exactly eighte5 in*es l5g?4 ,! /rips %\ld be closely laid1 grass side d[nw>ds1 across ! wid? ( ! walls--n longitud9ally--except at ! corn]s1 :]e ! lay]s %\ld cross ea* o!r4 ,! front & back walls to be r above ! requir$ height1 because ! turf always scales d[n a little1 & ! two ends mu/ gradually rise f front to back4 ,! top lay] may be "r side up1 :5 x w keep gre5 = a long "t4 ,z ! "w proce$s ins]t lumps ( spawn at int]vals 9 e lay]1 ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es f ! inside edge4 ,a wood5 frame w be requisite on ! top to c>ry ! glass lights4 ,?is /ructure makes a useful cool pit & a ,mu%room b$ f :i* supplies may sometimes be ga!r$ = ye>s4 ,9 ! summ] x w be necess>y to keep ! walls moi/ by means ( ! syr+e1 or !y w cease be>+4 ,indoor ,b$s4--,mu%rooms may be gr[n almo/ any:]e1 ev5ly 9 a cell>1 or on ! wall ( a w>m /able1 provid$ only t ! mode ( proc$ure is 9 a reasonable degree adapt$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! fungus4 ,ord9>y pits & frames are also s]viceable1 & _m g>d5]s obta9 good crops 9 autumn by ! simple process ( ins]t+ a few lumps ( spawn 9 a ,cucumb] or ,melon b$ :ile ! plants are /ill 9 be>+4 ,betwe5 spawn+ & cropp+ a p]iod ( six or eight weeks usually elapses1 s t if ! plan j m5tion$ be adopt$1 ! spawn %\ld be introduc$ 9 ! height ( summ]1 bo? to insure x a w>m b$ & to all[ "t = ! crop to mature be=e ! season runs out4 ,%$s & ou?\ses n only af=d %elt] & space = b$s on ! floor1 b ! walls c be fitt$ ) %elves on :i* ,mu%rooms may be pl5tifully gr[n4 ,9 all cases ! %elves %\ld be two feet ap>t v]tically1 & ea* %elf %\ld h a l$ge n9e in*es deep4 ,! walls ( a h\se may be quickly & *eaply fitt$ ) woodwork = ! purpose1 b brick is s mu* bett] ?an wood t :5ev] x is possible to employ brick x %\ld h ! pref]5ce4 ,z reg>ds ! l$ges1 !y %\ld be ( /\t plank+ 9 any case1 & %\ld n be fix$1 because ( ! necessity = cle>+ ! %elves & r5ew+ ! soil p]iodically4 ,! details ( cultivation are ! same )9 doors z )\t1 b ! ro( gives valuable protection1 & helps to ma9ta9 ! b$s at a suitable temp]ature4 ,a prop] ,mu%room-h\se = production dur+ w9t] %\ld be heat$ ) hot wat]1 & h an opaque ro(4 ,!re is no?+ s good = ! crop z a ro( ( ?at*1 b !re are _m objections to x1 & usually slate is employ$4 ,a d\ble ro( w pay = its extra co/ by promot+ an equable temp]ature4 ,a few side lights fitt$ ) %utt]s are necess>y1 z !re %\ld be a good light = work+ purposes2 b ! crop does n ne$ light1 & a m /eady temp]ature c be ma9ta9$ 9 a d>k h\se ?an 9 "o :i* has sev]al w9d[s4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t dim5sions = a ,mu%room-h\se are3 l5g?1 tw5ty-five feet2 wid?1 twelve feet2 height at sides1 six feet1 to all[ ( a b$ on ! floor1 & a %elf f\r feet above x2 ! ridge ris+ suffici5tly = head room1 & to %oot (f wat]4 ,!re w be room = a c5tral pa? ( f\r feet1 & a b$ ( f\r feet on ea* side4 ,an e>? or tile floor & a slate or /one %elf w1 ) "o f\r-in* fl[ & return pipe1 complete ! arrangem5ts4 ,! less wood & ! less concrete ! bett]2 !re is no?+ l por\s r$ tiles = ! floor & /one = ! %elves1 ) loose planks on edge to keep up ! soil1 a few uprights be+ suffici5t to hold !m 9 _! places4 ,temp]atures at e po9t are ( great importance4 ,! b$ %\ld be ne> #hj :5 ! spawn is ins]t$4 ,! air temp]ature requisite to ! ris+ crop is #fj to #fe1 :i* is ! usual temp]ature ( ! season :5 ,mu%rooms appe> 9 pa/ures4 ,:ile ! b$ is be>+ a temp]ature ( #ee w suffice1 b at any po9t bel[ ?is m9imum production w be sl[ & may come to a /op4 ,:5 giv+ wat]1 take c>e t x is at a temp]ature r above ?an bel[ t ( ! b$4 ,,mu/>d ,s9apis alba1 & ,s4 nigra ,mu/>d is mu* valu$ z a pung5t salad1 & = mix+ 9 ! b[l x may take ! place ( ,wat] ,cress :5 ! latt] is n at comm&4 ,mu/>d is (t5 s[n ) ,cress1 b x is bad practice1 = ! two plants d n gr[ at ! same pace1 & !re is no?+ ga9$ by mix+ !m4 ,! prop] sort = salad+ is ! common ,:ite ,mu/>d1 b ,br[n ,mu/>d may be us$ = ! purpose4 ,rape is employ$ = m>ket "w1 b %\ld be %unn$ 9 ! g>d54 ,z ! crop is cut 9 ! se$ leaf1 x is necess>y to s[ (t51 b ! frequ5cy mu/ be regulat$ by ! dem&4 ,supplies may be kept up ?r\gh ! w9t] by s[+ 9 %all[ boxes1 :i* c be put into v9]ies1 =c+ pits1 & o!r odd places4 ,boxes answ] admirably1 z !y c be plac$ on ! pipes if ne$ful2 !y fav\r ! complete cutt+ ( a crop )\t rema9d]s1 & ?is is ( importance 9 ! case ( a salad t runs out ( use quickly & is s easily produc$4 ,f ,lady ,day to ,mi*aelmas ,mu/>d may be s[n on ! op5 bord] ) o!r salad+s1 b z ! summ] advances a %ady place mu/ be f\nd = x4 ,,onion ,allium ,cepa ,! onion has ! good =tune to be g5]ally appreciat$ & well gr[n almo/ ev]y:]e4 ,x enhances ! flav\r & dige/ibility ( _m important articles ( food t w\ld fail to n\ri% u )\t its aid1 :ile to o!rs x adds a ze/ t contributes alike to enjoym5t & heal?4 ,al?\gh !re are b few difficulties to be enc\nt]$ 9 ! cultivation ( ! ,onion1 !re is a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 a well-gr[n crop & "o "u poor managem5t4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 :at may be t]m$ a f9e art dep>tm5t 9 ,onion culture1 "o result be+ special exhibitions1 9 :i* h&some bulbs ( great weight are br\ght =w>d 9 competition = ! amusem5t & edification ( ! sight-see+ public4 ,?us1 :5 ! fir/ pr9ciples h be5 ma/]$1 !re may be1 = ! e>ne/ cultivator ( ?is useful root1 _m m ?+s to be le>n$1 & t may be wor? le>n+1 alike = _! int]e/ & utility4 ,treatm5t ( ,soil4--,! ,onion c be gr[n on any k9d ( soil1 b poor l& mu/ be assi/$ by lib]al manur+4 ,a soil t w n produce l>ge ,onions may produce small ones1 & ! smalle/ are acceptable :5 no o!rs are to be _h4 ,b = h&some bulbs & a heavy crop a deep ri* loam ( a some:at light texture is requir$1 al?\gh an adhesive loam1 or ev5 a clay1 may be improv$ = ! purpose2 :ile on a s&y soil excell5t results may be obta9$ by good managem5t1 especially 9 a wet season4 ,9 any case ! soil mu/ be well prep>$ by deep digg+1 break+ ! lumps1 & lay+ up 9 ridges to be dis9tegrat$ by ! wea!r1 & if ne$ful its texture %\ld be am5d$1 z f> z possible1 at ! same "t4 ,a coat ( clay may be spread ov] a piece ( s&1 to be ?or\ghly incorporat$ ) x2 on ! o!r h&1 :]e ! /aple is clay1 ! addition ( s& w be advantage\s4 ,all su* corrective measures yield an adequate return if prud5tly c>ri$ out1 because x is possible to gr[ ,onions f ye> to ye> on ! same gr\nd2 & ?us 9 places :]e ! soil is decid$ly unsuitable a plot may be specially prep>$ = ,onions1 & if ! fir/ crop does n fully pay ! co/1 ^? t foll[ w d s4 ,b ! plant is n fa/idi\s1 & x is easy "w almo/ any:]e to gr[ useful ,onions4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 prep>+ l& is to make x loose & f9e ?r\gh\t1 & z f> z possible to d ?is "s "t be=e ! se$ is s[n4 ,= s[+ 9 spr+1 ! b$s %\ld be prep>$ 9 ! r\gh be=e w9t]1 & :5 ! "t comes = levell+ d[n & f9i%+1 ! top cru/ w be f\nd well pulv]is$1 & 9 a k9dly /ate to receive ! se$4 ,/agnant moi/ure is deadly to ,onions1 !re=e swampy gr\nd is mo/ unfit2 b a suffici5t degree ( dryness = a summ] crop may (t5 be secur$ by tr5*+1 & leav+ r deep alleys betwe5 ! b$s to c>ry (f surface wat] dur+ heavy ra9s4 ,manures4--,z almo/ any soil w suit ! ,onion1 s also w almo/ any k9d ( manure1 provid$ t x be n rank or (f5sive4 ,?is /rongly flav\r$ plant likes good b sweet liv+1 & x is %e] folly to load ! gr\nd = x ) co>se & /imulat+ manures4 ,yet x is (t5 done1 & ! result is a /iff-neck$ g5]ation ( bulbs t refuse to rip51 or !re may be complete failure ( ! crop ?r\gh disease or ple?ora4 ,b any f]tilis] t is at h&1 :e!r f ! pig/ye1 or ! sweep+s ( p\ltry y>ds or pigeon l(ts1 may be turn$ to acc\nt by ! simple process ( fir/ mak+ x into a compo/ ) fre% soil1 & !n digg+ x 9 "s "t 9 advance ( ! season = s[+1 & 9 reasonable b n excessive quantity4 ,all su* aids to plant gr[? z guano1 *>coal1 & well-rott$ f>my>d manure1 may be us$ advantage\sly = ! ,onion crop2 b !re are two mat]ials ( especial value1 & co/+ lea/ ( any1 t are univ]sally employ$ by l>ge gr[]s1 bo? to help ! gr[? & prev5t maggot & cank]4 ,^! are lime & soot1 :i* are s[n toge!r :5 ! gr\nd is f9ally prep>$ = ! se$1 & 9 quantity only suffici5t to col\r ! gr\nd4 ,!y ex]cise a magical influ5ce1 & ^? :o make money by gr[+ ,onions take c>e to employ !m z a necess>y "p ( _! bus9ess r\t9e4 ,spr+-s[n ,onions require to be put on ri*1 mell[ gr\nd1 ! top spit ( :i* is ( a some:at f9e texture1 & at ! "t ( s[+ almo/ dry4 ,hav+ be5 well dug & manur$ 9 good "t1 ! top spit only %\ld be dug ov] :5 x is f9ally made ready = ! se$4 ,! "w mu/ be done ) c>e1 & ! b$s %\ld be m>k$ (f 9 bread?s ( f\r feet1 ) "o-foot alleys betwe54 ,break all lumps ) ! spade1 & "w ! surface to a regul> & f9ely crumbl$ texture4 ,light soil %\ld be trodd5 ov] to consolidate x1 & !n ! surface may be c>efully t\*$ ) ! rake to prep>e x = ! se$4 ,m>* & ,april are ! usual mon?s = spr+ s[+1 al?\gh 9 mild di/ricts se$ is sometimes put 9 z e>ly z ,janu>y4 ,space ! r[s f n9e to twelve in*es ap>t1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! sort & ! size ( bulbs requir$4 ,! drills mu/ be drawn across ! b$1 at "r angles to ! alleys1 = :5 drawn ! o!r way x is difficult to keep ! gr\nd prop]ly we$$4 ,= a crop ( ,onions int5d$ = /or+1 ! se$ %\ld be only j cov]$ ) f9e e>? tak5 f ! alleys & ?r[n ov]1 aft] :i* ! drills mu/ be lightly trodd51 ! surface aga9 t\*$ ov] ) ! rake1 & if ! soil is dry & works nicely1 ! bus9ess may be f9i%$ by g5tly patt+ ! b$ all ov] ) ! back ( ! spade4 ,if ! gr\nd is damp or heavy1 ?is f9al t\* may be omitt$1 z ! ,onion makes a weak grass t _c easily pu% ?r\gh e>? t is cak$ ov] x4 ,b speak+ g5]ally1 an ,onion b$ newly s[n %\ld be q smoo? z if f9i%$ ) a roll]4 ,to ! beg9n] ?is w appe> a protract$ & complicat$ /ory1 b ! exp]t w atte/ t ,onions require & w abundantly pay = special managem5t4 ,z soon z possible aft] ! crop is visible ! gr\nd betwe5 %\ld be delicately *opp$ ov] ) ! hoe to *eck ! we$s t w !n be ris+4 ,imm$iately ! r[s are def9$ a fir/ ?9n+ %\ld be made ) a small hoe1 c>e be+ tak5 to leave a good plant on ! gr\nd4 ,! next ?9n+ w produce "y ,onions = salad+s1 & ?is k9d ( ?9n+ may be cont9u$ by remov+ plants equally all ov] ! b$ to insure an ev5 crop1 ! f9al di/ance = bulb+ be+ ab\t six in*es4 ,keep ! hoe at "w1 = if we$s are all[$ to make way1 ! crop w be s]i\sly injur$4 ,:5 ,onions are do+ well !y lift !mselves up & sit on ! e>?1 ne$+ light & air ^u _! bulbs to ! v axis :5ce ! roots div]ge4 ,if we$s spread among/ !m ! bulbs are robb$ ( air & light1 & _! keep+ prop]ties are impair$4 ,b 9 ! use ( ! hoe x is important n to loos5 ! gr\nd or to draw any e>? t[>ds ! bulbs4 ,:5 all ! ?9n+ has be5 done1 & ! we$s are kept d[n1 x w p]haps be obs]v$ t 9 places !re are clu/]s ( bulbs fight+ = a place & ris+ out ( ! gr\nd toge!r z ?\gh enjoy+ ! conflict4 ,) almo/ any o!r k9d ( plant ?is cr[d+ w\ld bode mis*ief1 b ) ,onions x is n s4 ,bulbs t gr[ 9 cr[ds & rise out ( ! gr\nd w nev] be s l>ge z ^? t h pl5ty ( room1 b !y w be ( excell5t quality1 & w keep bett] ?an any t h _h ample space = high developm5t4 ,x is almo/ a pity to t\* ^! accid5tal clu/]s1 = ! removal ( a portion w p]haps loos5 ! gr\nd1 & s spoil ! "* ( ^? t are left4 ,really f9e ,onions are r>ely produc$ 9 loose gr\nd1 h5ce ! necessity = c>e 9 ! use ( ! hoe4 ,wat]+ is n (t5 ne$$1 & we may g s f> z to say t1 9 a g5]al way1 x is objectionable4 ,b a long dr\ght on light l& may put ! crop 9 jeop>dy1 unless wat]+ is resort$ to1 9 :i* case weak manure wat] w be b5eficial4 ,/ill1 wat]+ mu/ be discont9u$ 9 good "t1 or x w prev5t ! rip5+ ( ! bulbs1 & if a sign is want$ ! gr[? w af=d x1 = f ! "t ! bulbs h atta9$ to a reasonable size ! wat] w d m h>m ?an good4 ,! h>ve/+ ( ! crop requires z mu* c>e z ! gr[+ ( x4 ,if all goes well1 ! bulbs w rip5 naturally1 & be+ drawn & dri$ on ! gr\nd = a few days ) _! roots look+ s\?w>d1 may be ga!r$ up & topp$ & tail$ or bun*$ z may be mo/ conv5i5t4 ,b !re may be a little hesitation ( ! plant 9 f9i%+ gr[?1 ! result1 p]haps1 ( cool moi/ wea!r1 :5 dry hot wea!r w\ld be bett]4 ,9 ?is case ! gr[? may be *eck$ by pass+ a rod 7z ! h&le ( a rake = example7 ov] ! b$ to b5d d[n ! tops4 ,aft] ?is ! tops w turn yell[1 & ! necks w %r9k1 & advantage mu/ be tak5 ( f9e wea!r to draw ! ,onions & lay !m out to dry4 ,a gravel pa? or a dry %$ fully op5 to ! sun w rip5 !m m completely ?an ! b$ on :i* !y h be5 gr[n2 b l>ge bread?s ( ,onions mu/ be rip5$ :]e !y grew1 & exp]i5ce tea*es :5 !y may be drawn ) safety4 ,z to keep+ ,onions1 any dry1 cool1 airy place w answ]4 ,b if a difficulty arises !re is an easy way out ( x1 = ,onions may be hung 9 bun*es on an op5 wall "u ! %elt] ( ! eaves ( any build+1 & ?us ! outsides ( b>ns & /ables & cottages may be conv]t$ into ,onion /ores1 leav+ ! inside free = ?+s t are less able to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,dur+ sev]e fro/ !y mu/ be tak5 d[n & pil$ up any:]e 9 a safe place1 b may be put on _! hooks aga9 :5 ! wea!r s(t5s1 = a slight fro/ w n h>m !m 9 ! lea/1 & ! wall w keep !m comp>atively w>m & dry4 ,:5 ! be/ "p ( ! crop has be5 bun*$ or rop$1 ! rema9d] may be ?r[n into a heap 9 a cool dry %$1 & a few mats put ov] !m w prev5t spr\t+ = at lea/ ?ree mon?s4 ,b damp w />t !m into gr[?1 & ! only way to save !m !n is to top & tail !m aga91 & /ore z dry z possible 9 %all[ baskets or boxes4 ,to gr[ l>ge ,onions ! pr9ciples already expla9$ mu/ be c>ri$ into practice 9 a m int5se degree4 ,x w be necess>y to devote extreme c>e to ! prep>ation ( ! gr\nd1 & to give ! plants m "t to mature2 mu* great] space mu/ also be all[$ ?an is usual = an ord9>y crop4 ,a good op5 position is imp]ative1 & :]e ! soil is suffici5tly deep1 tr5*+ is desirable4 ,%all[ soil ought to be ?or\ghly dug d[n to ! la/ in*1 & x w be an advantage to break up ! subsoil by pickaxe & =k4 ,cov] ! subsoil ) a ?ick lay] ( rott5 manure be=e re/or+ ! top soil4 ,= light l& f>my>d manure is excell5t1 b /able manure is pref]able = /iff cold soil4 ,! usual "t = tr5*+ is ,octob] or ,novemb]1 leav+ ! surface r\gh = dis9tegration dur+ w9t]4 ,no?+ m ne$ be done until ! foll[+ ,m>*4 ,e>ly 9 t mon? break ! soil d[n to a f9e til? & make x q firm by tread+1 or by roll+4 ,!n broadca/ ov] ! plot a lib]al dress+ ( gr\nd lime & soot1 us+ ab\t ?ree p\nds ( ea* p] pole4 ,rake bo? 9 & leave ! b$ until ! "t arrives = plant+ out3 ?is w dep5d on ! wea!r4 ,^? :o are accu/om$ to exhibit ,onions at horticultural %[s almo/ inv>iably s[ v e>ly 9 ! ye> "u glass & 9 due "t transplant ei!r f se$-pans or boxes4 ,( ! two1 prop]ly prep>$ boxes are usually f\nd mo/ conv5i5t4 ,! dim5sions are optional1 b boxes ab\t two feet long1 "o foot wide1 & five in*es deep answ] admirably4 ,sev]al holes are p]=at$ 9 ! bottom to insure effici5t dra9age4 ,9 e box place a ?ick lay] ( rott5 manure & !n fill ) ?or\ghly ri* soil firmly press$ d[n1 leav+ ! surface q smoo?4 ,"o ( ! mo/ successful gr[]s s[s se$ 9 r small boxes e>ly 9 ,janu>y1 & ab\t ! middle ( ,febru>y ! "y ,onions are prick$ into boxes ( ! size we h nam$4 ,only ! f9e/ & mo/ promis+ se$l+s are us$4 ,:5 transf]r$1 ea* ,onion is all[$ a space ( ?ree in*es4 ,! boxes are kept 9 a gre5h\se1 z ne> ! glass z possible1 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #ej4 ,aft] s[+1 v little wat] is giv52 b :5 transplant$1 f9i% ) a spr9kl+ f a f9e rose4 ,e morn+ ! plants w require spray+1 b ?is mu/ nev] be done at night or damp+ (f may foll[4 ,all ?r\gh _! "t 9 ! gre5h\se x is important to keep ! boxes ne> ! glass4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,m>* remove to cold frames1 keep+ ! lights r close = a few days1 b gradually giv+ m air until ! lights c be tak5 (f = a %ort "t daily4 ,9 ! s\?1 ab\t ! middle ( ,april is g5]ally a suitable "t = transplant+ to op5 b$s1 b 9 ! ev5t ( a cold ea/ w9d prevail+ a brief delay is advisable & x is always an advantage to plant out on a dull day or 9 %[]y wea!r4 ,space ! r[s twelve to eighte5 in*es ap>t1 & all[ ab\t fifte5 in*es betwe5 plants 9 ! r[s4 ,9 ! actual "w ( transplant+ take c>e to ins]t only ! fibr\s roots 9 ! soil4 ,to bury any portion ( ! /em results 9 ?ick5$ necks4 ,f9i% ) a du/+ ( soot ov] ! entire b$1 includ+ ! ,onions1 & !n well spray f a f9e rose to settle ! soil ar\nd ! roots4 ,until ! plants are e/abli%$ cont9ue ! spray+ daily4 ,aft] ! middle ( ,may r5ew ! du/+ ( ! b$ ) soot & repeat at =tnightly int]vals4 ,ab\t ! #bj? ( ,june fe$+ ! ,onions mu/ comm5ce4 ,p]uvian guano & nitrate ( soda are bo? excell5t1 b ^! p[]ful artificials ne$ us+ ) discretion1 or ! crop may be scor*$ in/ead ( /imulat$4 ,x is (t5 saf] to employ !m 9 liquid =m ?an dry1 & t5 ounces ( ei!r1 dissolv$ 9 t5 gallons ( wat]1 w suffice = ?irty squ>e y>ds4 ,use ! two articles alt]nately at int]vals ( t5 days & cease at ! end ( ,july4 ,if cont9u$ long]1 "s ( ! f9e/ bulbs w split4 ,! use ( soot c1 h[ev]1 be regul>ly ma9ta9$4 ,%\ld bulbs be requir$ = autumn exhibition c>efully lift !m a week or t5 days 9 advance ( ! %[ date4 ,?is has ! effect ( mak+ ! bulbs firm & r$uc+ ! size ( ! necks4 ,suppos+ an attack ( mildew to occur1 a du/+ ( fl[]s ( sulphur w prove effective if appli$ imm$iately ! disease appe>s4 ,sulphide ( potassium1 "o ounce to a gallon ( wat]1 is also a reliable rem$y4 ,july & ,augu/ ,s[+4--,dur+ ^! mon?s se$ ( ! quick-gr[+ types ( ,onion may be s[n = produc+ an abundant supply ( salad+ & small bulbs dur+ ! autumn & onw>ds4 ,x is important to ?9 ! plants e>ly 9 ord] t ^? left /&+ 9 ! r[s may h e opportunity ( develop+ rapidly4 ,autumn-s[n ,onions1 int5d$ = use 9 ! foll[+ summ]1 may also be s[n 9 ! same way z advis$ = spr+ s[+4 ,! "t ( s[+ is important1 z ! plants %\ld be =w>d en\gh be=e w9t] to be useful1 b n s =w>d z to be 9 dang] ( injury f sev]e fro/4 ,on well-dra9$ gr\nd all ! sorts are h>dy1 & ! f9e/ types1 :i* are s mu* priz$ z h\sehold & m>ket ,onions1 may be s[n 9 autumn z safely z any o!rs4 ,x may be well 9 mo/ places to s[ a small plot3 9 ! latt] "p ( ,july1 & to make a l>ge s[+ ( ! be/ keep+ sorts ab\t ! middle ( ,augu/--say1 = ! f> nor? ! fir/ ( ! mon?1 & = ! f> s\? ! v la/ day4 ,?9 ! plants 9 ! r[s & transplant ! ?9n+s1 if requir$1 z soon z wea!r p]mits 9 ,febru>y4 ,9 places :]e spr+-s[n ,onions d n rip5 9 good "t 9 consequ5ce ( cold wet wea!r1 autumn s[+ may prove advantage\s1 z ! rip5+ w take place :5 ! summ] is at its be/1 & ! crop may be tak5 (f be=e ! season breaks d[n4 ,pickl+ ,onions may be obta9$ by s[+ any ( ! :ite or /raw-col\r$ v>ieties t are gr[n = keep+1 b ! l>ge sorts are q unfit2 ! be/ are ! ,que5 & ,p>is ,silv]-sk91 z !y are v :ite :5 pickl$ & are mod]ately mild 9 flav\r4 ,a piece ( poor dry gr\nd %\ld be select$ & made f9e on ! surface4 ,s[ 9 ! mon? ( ,april ?ickly1 b ev5ly1 cov] lightly1 & roll or tread to give a firm se$-b$1 & make a good f9i%4 ,be c>eful to keep d[n we$s1 & d n ?9 ! crop at all4 ,if s[n v %all[ ! bulbs w be r\nd3 if s[n an in* deep !y w be oval or pe>-%ap$4 ,! ,potato or ,und]gr\nd ,onion is n mu* gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 consequ5ce ( occasional losses ( ! crop 9 sev]e w9t]s4 ,9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl& ! rule z to gr[+ x is to plant on ! %orte/ day1 & take up on ! longe/4 ,x requires a ri*1 deep soil1 & to be plant$ 9 r[s twelve in*es ap>t1 ! bulbs n9e in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,"s cultivators e>? !m up l ,potatoes1 b we pref] to let ! bulbs rise into ! light1 ev5 by ! removal ( ! e>?1 s z to =m a bas9 ar\nd ea*1 tak+ c>e1 ( c\rse1 n to lay b>e ! roots 9 s do+4 ,:5 ! plant$ bulbs h put =? a good head ( leaves1 !y =m clu/]s ( bulbs ar\nd !m1 & ! be/ gr[? is made 9 full daylight1 ! bulbs sitt+ on & n 9 ! soil4 ,! ,onion ,grub 7,phorbia cepetorum7 is (t5 v tr\blesome to ! crop1 especially 9 its e>ly /ages1 & its pres5ce may be kn[n by ! grass becom+ yell[ & fall+ on ! gr\nd4 ,x w !n be f\nd t ! :ite portion1 :i* %\ld become ! bulb1 has be5 pi]c$ to ! c5tre by a fle%y1 %9+ maggot1 a qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?1 ?is be+ ! l>va ( an a%y-col\r$1 ill-look+1 two-w+$ fly4 ,:]e ?is plague has acquir$ su* a hold z to be a s]i\s nuisance1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to cle> out all ! old /ore ( ,onions in/antly ^u a suffici5cy ( "y ,onions becom+ available 9 spr+1 & to burn !m )\t hesitation4 ,if left to become g>d5 wa/e 9 ! usual way1 ^! old ,onions d mu* to p]petuate & augm5t ! plague4 ,a regul> use ( lime & soot w be f\nd an effectual prev5tive4 ,o!r rem$ies are sugge/$ 9 ! article on ,onion ,fly1 ,page #dbj4 ,,p>sley--see ,,h]bs1 page #fh ,,p>snip ,pa/9aca sativa ,! ,p>snip is "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable roots ! e>? produces4 ,probably its sweet flav\r imposes a limit on its usefulness1 b bad cook+ d\btless has mu* to answ] =1 ! p 9 our great t[ns be+1 9 too _m in/ances1 q ignorant ( ! prop] mode ( cook+ ?is n\ri%+ root4 ,:5 cut 9 /rips1 slightly boil$ & s]v$ up almo/ crisp1 x is a poor article = human food2 b :5 cook$ :ole 9 su* a way z to appe> on ! table l a mass ( m>r[1 x is at once a dige/ible da9ty & a sub/antial food t ! p might consume m l>gely ?an !y d1 to _! advantage4 ,! ,p>snip requires only "o special condition = its welf>e1 & t is a piece ( gr\nd prep>$ = x by hone/ digg+4 ,ri* gr\nd x does n ne$1 b ! crop w c]ta9ly be ! f9] f a deep f]tile s&y loam ?an f a poor soil ( any k9d4 ,b ! "o great po9t is to tr5* ! gr\nd 9 autumn & lay x up r\gh = ! w9t]4 ,!n at ! v fir/ opportunity 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* x c be levell$ d[n & ! se$ s[n1 & ! task got out ( h& be=e ! ru% ( spr+ "w comes on4 ,a f9e se$-b$ %\ld be prep>$ ei!r 9 "o l>ge piece or 9 f\r-feet /rips1 z may be/ suit o!r arrangem5ts4 ,s[ 9 %all[ drills eighte5 in*es ap>t1 dropp+ ! se$s f ! h& 9 twos & ?rees at a di/ance ( six in*es ap>t2 cov] lightly1 & t\* ov] ) ! hoe or rake to make a neat f9i%4 ,z soon z ! plants are visible1 ply ! hoe to keep d[n we$s & ?9 ! crop slightly to prev5t cr[d+ any:]e4 ,! ?9n+ %\ld be c>ri$ on f "t to "t until ! plants are a foot ap>t2 or if ! gr\nd is /rong & l>ge roots are requir$1 !y may be all[$ fifte5 in*es4 ,good-quality roots may be gr[n on ! wor/ types ( clay & on /ony soils by bor+ holes & fill+ !m 9 ) f9e e>?1 9 ! mann] describ$ = ,beet & ,c>rot4 ,! holes = ,p>snip1 h[ev]1 %\ld be r l>g] & deep]1 ) m space all[$ betwe54 ,x may be well to lift "s ( ! roots 9 ,novemb]1 a few spits ( e>? be+ remov$ fir/ at "o end or corn] ( ! piece to facilitate removal )\t break+ ! roots3 ^! may be put aside = imm$iate use1 b ! g5]al bulk ( ! crop %\ld rema9 9 ! gr\nd to be dug z want$1 because ! ,p>snip keeps bett] 9 ! gr\nd ?an out ( x1 & 9 ! ev5t ( sev]e fro/ a coat ( r\gh litt] w suffice to prev5t injury4 ,:atev] rema9s ov] 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y %\ld be lift$ & trimm$ up & /or$ 9 ! coole/ place t c be f\nd1 a coat ( e>? or s& be+ suffici5t to protect ! roots f ! injuri\s action ( ! atmosph]e4 ,,g>d5 ,,pea ,pisum sativum ,?anks to ! skill & ent]prise ( en?usia/ic speciali/s1 we h n[ ! wr9kl$ z well z ! r\nd-se$$ ,peas = ! e>lie/ supply ( ?is fav\rite vegetable4 ,n only c we comm5ce ! season ) a di% possess+ ! true m>r[fat flav\r1 b 9 ! new ma9crop v>ieties dw>f robu/ gr[? is comb9$ ) free-be>+ qualities1 :ile ! size ( bo? ,peas & pods has be5 increas$ )\t 9 ! smalle/ degree sacrific+ flav\r4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re has be5 a di/9ct & welcome advance 9 all ! special *>act]i/ics :i* h won = ?is vegetable its popul> position1 & s highly is ! crop e/eem$ t x is usually reg>d$ z a crit]ion by :i* ! g5]al managem5t ( a g>d5 is judg$4 ,z an article ( food ,peas are ! mo/ nutriti\s ( all vegetables1 ri* 9 phosphates & alkalies1 & ! plant makes a heavy dem& on ! soil1 con/itut+ :at is t]m$ an exhau/+ crop4 ,= ?is reason1 & also because ! "t t elapses betwe5 s[+ se$ & ga!r+ ! produce is v brief1 x is imp]ative t ! l& %\ld be well prep>$ to enable ! roots to ramify freely & rapidly collect ! food requir$ by ! plant4 ,treatm5t ( ,soil4--,! soil = ,peas mu/ be ri*1 deep1 & friable1 & %\ld conta9 a notable proportion ( calc>e\s matt]4 ,old g>d5s ne$ to be refre%$ ) a dress+ ( lime occasionally1 or ( lime rubbi% f de/roy$ build+s1 to comp5sate = ! consumption ( calc>e\s matt]s by ! v>i\s crops4 ,= e>ly ,peas1 a w>m dry s&y soil is to be pref]r$2 = late sorts1 & especially = robu/ & productive v>ieties1 a /rong loam or a well-till$ clay answ]s admirably1 & x is wise to select plots t 7 9 ! previ\s ye> occupi$ ) ,cel]y & o!r crops = :i* ! l& 0 freely manur$ & mu* knock$ ab\t4 ,heavy manur+ is n ne$$ = ! e>lie/ ,peas1 unless ! soil is v poor1 b = ! late supplies x w always pay to tr5* ! gr\nd1 & put a ?ick lay] ( rott5 manure at ! dep? ( ! fir/ spit1 9 :i* ! roots c f9d abundant nutrim5t ab\t ! "t :5 ! pods are swell+4 ,9 all cases x is advisable n to enri* 9 any special mann] ! top cru/ = ,peas4 ,:5 ! "y plant f9ds ! necess>y supplies ne> at h&1 ! roots d n run freely b are actually 9 dang] ( be+ poison$2 b :5 ! plant is fairly =m$1 & has ent]$ ^u ! fruit+ /age1 ! roots may ramify 9 ri* soil to advantage4 ,h5ce ! desirability ( gr[+ ,peas 9 gr\nd t 0 heavily manur$ & frequ5tly /irr$ 9 ! previ\s ye>1 & ( putt+ a coat ( rott5 manure betwe5 ! two spits 9 tr5*+4 ,z reg>ds ! la/-nam$ op]ation1 x %\ld be rem>k$ t z ,peas require a some:at f9e til?1 ! top spit %\ld be kept on ! top :]e ! second spit w prove lumpy1 pa/y1 or o!rwise unk9d4 ,9 ?is case ba/>d tr5*+ w be suffici5t2 b :5 ! second spit may be br\ght up ) safety1 x %\ld be done = ! sake ( a fre% soil & a deep friable b$4 ,! use ( wood a%es1 well rak$ 9 imm$iately 9 advance ( s[+1 w prove highly b5eficial to ! crop1 = ! ,pea is a pota%-lov+ plant4 ,me?od ( ,s[+4--,x w always pay to s[ 9 flat drills ab\t six in*es wide1 b ! ,v-%ap$ drill 9 :i* ! se$l+s are g5]ally cr[d$ injuri\sly is n satisfactory4 ,two in*es ap>t ea* way is a useful di/ance = ! se$1 al?\gh m space may be giv5 = ! robu/-gr[+ ma9crop & late v>ieties4 ,x is wise policy1 h[ev]1 to s[ lib]ally 9 case ( losses ?r\gh climatic conditions1 birds or mice2 & if necess>y sup]flu\s plants c always be )drawn4 ,! dep? = ! se$ may v>y f two to ?ree in*es3 ! m9imum = heavy gr\nd & ! maximum = light l&4 ,e>ly ,crops 7s[n outdoors74--,e>ly ,peas are produc$ 9 _m ways4 ,! simple/ consi/s 9 s[+ "o or m ( ! quick-gr[+ r\nd-se$$ v>ieties 9 ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 & ,janu>y1 on slop+ %elt]$ bord]s expressly prep>$ = ! purpose1 & provid$ ) re$ hurdles to scre5 ! plants f cutt+ w9ds4 ,:]e ! assaults ( mice are to be appreh5d$1 x is an excell5t plan to soak ! se$ 9 p>aff9 oil = tw5ty m9utes1 & !n1 hav+ s[n 9 drills only "o in* deep1 heap ov] ! drill ?ree in*es ( f9e s&4 ,if ?is _c be done1 s[ 9 drills fully two in*es deep1 = %all[ s[+ w n promote e>l9ess1 b x is likely to promote weakness ( ! plant4 ,x is n usual to gr[ any o!r crop ) fir/-e>ly ,peas1 b ! r[s mu/ be f> en\gh ap>t to prev5t !m f %ad+ "o ano!r1 &1 if possible1 let !m run nor? & s\?1 t !y may h an equable enjoym5t ( sun%9e4 ,z soon z ! plant is fairly out ( ! gr\nd1 du/ c>efully ) soot1 n en\gh to *oke ! t5d] leaves1 b j suffici5t to r5d] !m unpalatable to v]m94 ,:5 !y h made a gr[? ( ab\t ?ree in*es1 put %ort bru%wood to support & %elt] !m1 def]r+ ! tall] /icks until !y are requir$4 ,!n =k ! gr\nd betwe51 tak+ c>e n to g too ne> to ! plant4 ,/icks mu/ be provid$ 9 good "t1 le/ ! plant %\ld be di/ress$1 = n only d ! /icks give ne$ful support1 b !y af=d mu* %elt]1 z is ! case ) ! small bru%wood suppli$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,on fairly w>m soils ! fir/ opportunity %\ld be tak5 to s[ "o ( ! e>ly dw>f m>r[fat v>ieties 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,?is may be 9 ,febru>y or e>ly ,m>*1 b x w be useless to make ! attempt until ! gr\nd is 9 a suitable condition4 ,s[ 9 flat drills z already describ$1 ! di/ance f r[ to r[ dep5d+ ^u future plans4 ,if no int]cropp+ is to be done1 eighte5 in*es betwe5 ! r[s w g5]ally suffice = dw>f-gr[+ ,peas1 b _m g>d5]s pref] to all[ ?ree feet & to take a crop ( ,sp9a* on ! int]v5+ space4 ,e>ly ,crops 7s[n "u glass47--,we n[ come to ! modes ( gr[+ e>ly ,peas by ! aid ( glass4 ,! sure/ & simple/ me?od is to provide a suffici5cy ( grass turf cut f a %ort clean pa/ure or common4 ,!re is 9 ?is case a risk ( wireworm & black bot2 b if ! turf is provid$ 9 good "t & is laid up 9 ! y>d ready = use1 x w be se>*$ by ! small birds & pretty well cleans$ ( ! insect l>vas t may h lurk$ 9 x :5 fir/ remov$4 ,lay ! turves out 9 a frame1 grass side d[nw>ds1 & give !m a soak+ ) wat] 9 :i* a v small quantity ( salt has be5 dissolv$4 ,?is w cause ! rema9+ bots & slugs to wriggle out1 & by means ( a little pati5t lab\r !y c be ga!r$ & de/roy$4 ,9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y s[ ! se$ r ?ickly 9 l9es along ! c5tre ( ea* /rip ( turf1 & cov] ) f9e e>?4 ,by keep+ ! frame clos$ a m regul> spr\t+ ( ! se$ w be insur$2 b z soon z ! plants rise1 air mu/ be giv51 & ?is "p ( ! bus9ess ne$s to be regulat$ 9 accordance ) ! wea!r4 ,all n[ dep5ds on ! cultivator1 =1 hav+ a v l>ge comm& ( conditions1 x may be said t he is remov$ some:at f ! sport ( ! elem5ts1 :i* wrecks _m ( our endeav\rs4 ,!re are n[ ?ree po9ts to be kept 9 m9d4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 a %ort /\t sl[-gr[+ plant is want$1 = a tall lean fa/-gr[+ plant w at ! end ( ! /ory refuse to furni% ! di% ( ,peas aim$ at4 ,give air & wat] judici\sly1 & protect f v]m9 & all o!r enemies4 ,a little dry lime or soot may be du/$ ov] ! plants occasionally1 b n suffici5t to *oke ! leaves4 ,all go+ well1 plant out 9 ! mon? ( ,m>* or ,april1 on gr\nd prep>$ = ! purpose1 & lay+ ! plant-be>+ turves 9 /rips1 )\t any di/urbance :atev] ( ! roots4 ,!n e>? !m up ) f9e /uff f betwe5 ! r[s1 & put /icks to support & %elt] !m4 ,a m tr\blesome1 b (t5 a saf] me?od1 is to raise plants 9 pots1 or 9 boxes ab\t f\r & a half in*es deep & pi]c$ at ! bottom to insure free dra9age4 ,old pott+ soil w answ] admirably1 & ! se$s %\ld be put 9 "o in* deep & two in*es ap>t4 ,place ! pots or boxes 9 any light cool /ructure z ne> ! ro(-glass z possible1 b make no attempt to =ce ei!r g]m9ation or ! gr[? ( ! plants4 ,:5 fair wea!r p]mits1 transf] to ! op5 9 ,m>* or ,april4 ,a good succession may be obta9$ by s[+ a fir/-e>ly dw>f v>iety & a second-e>ly k9d simultane\sly4 ,ma9 crops require pl5ty ( room1 & t is really ! *ief po9t 9 gr[+ !m4 ,suppos+ ! gr\nd has be5 well prep>$ z already advis$1 ! next matt] ( importance is ! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s4 ,! m>ket g>d5] is usually "u "s k9d ( compulsion to s[ ,peas 9 solid pieces1 j f> en\gh ap>t = fair gr[?1 & to leave !m to sprawl in/ead ( be+ /ak$1 because ( ! co/ ( ! proce$+4 ,b ! g>d5 t supplies a h\sehold is n subject to ! sev]e conditions ( competition1 & ,peas may be said to g to ! d9n] table at retail & n at :olesale price4 ,moreov]1 high quality is ( importance1 & "h ! dome/ic z di/+ui%$ f ! comm]cial g>d5] has an imm5se advantage1 = well-gr[n #8,g>d5 ,peas' surpass 9 beauty & flav\r ! be/ m>ket samples procurable4 ,to produce ^! f9e ,peas !re mu/ be pl5ty ( space all[$ betwe5 ! r[s1 & x w be f\nd good practice to gr[ ,peas & e>ly ,potatoes on ! same plot1 & to put %ort /icks to ! ,peas z soon z !y are =w>d en\gh4 ,by ?is managem5t ! fir/ top-gr[? ( ! ,potatoes may be sav$ f late ,may fro/s1 & ! ,peas w give d\ble ! crop ( a cr[d$ plantation4 ,! g5]al s[+s ( ,peas are made f ,m>* to ,june1 b z reg>ds ! precise "t1 seasons & climates mu/ be consid]$4 ,no?+ is ga9$ by s[+ ma9crop ,peas s e>ly z to subject ! plant to a conflict ) fro/4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t ! f9e/ sorts ( ,peas are some:at t5d] 9 con/itution1 & ! wr9kl$ sorts are m t5d] ?an ! r\nd4 ,h5ce1 9 any case1 ! wr9kl$ se$s %\ld be s[n r m ?ickly ?an ! r\nd to all[ = losses2 b robu/-habit$ ,peas %\ld nev] be s[n s ?ickly z ! e>ly sorts1 = e plant ne$s room to bran* & spread1 & ga!r sun%9e by means ( its leaves = ! ultimate production ( sup]b ,gre5 ,peas4 ,late ,crops4--,to obta9 ,peas late 9 ! season s[+s may be made 9 ,june & ,july1 & pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to quick-gr[+ e>ly v>ieties4 ,gr\nd f :i* e>ly crops ( ,caulifl[]1 ,c>rot1 ,cabbage1 ,potatoes1 c41 h be5 remov$ is excell5t = ! purpose4 ,9 dry wea!r ?or\ghly saturate ! tr5* ) wat] be=e s[+1 & keep ! se$l+s z cool z possible by scre5+ !m f ! sun4 ,/ak+4--,?is important op]ation mu/ n be unduly def]r$1 z ! plants are nev] :olly satisfactory :5 once ! /ems h become b5t4 ,comm5ce by c>efully e>?+ up ! r[s z soon z ! plants are ab\t ?ree in*es high4 ,9 ! case ( e>ly v>ieties1 light bu%y /icks ( ! requir$ height1 ?9ly plac$ on bo? sides ( ! r[1 w suffice4 ,ma9crop & late ,peas1 h[ev]1 %\ld fir/ be /ak$ ) bu%y twigs ab\t eighte5 in*es high1 ^! to be supplem5t$ ) /icks at lea/ "o foot tall] ?an ! v>iety app>5tly ne$s1 z mo/ ,peas exce$ _! recognis$ height 9 ! ev5t ( a wet season4 ,no attempt %\ld be made to con/ruct an imp5etrable f5ce1 = ,peas ne$ abundance ( light & air4 ,nei!r %\ld ! /akes be ar*$ at ! top1 b plac$ lean+ outw>ds4 ,g5]al ,cultivation4--,on ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! plant1 a slight du/+ ( lime or soot w r5d] ! ris+ buds di/a/eful to slugs & sp>r[s1 b ?is is m ne$ful = ! e>ly ?an ! lat] crops4 ,:5 ma9crop ,peas h gr[n two or ?ree in*es1 !y are pretty safe aga9/ ! small m>aud]s4 ,z ! plant develops1 frequ5tly /ir ! gr\nd betwe5 ! r[s to keep d[n we$s & *eck evaporation4 ,! e>?+ up ( ! r[s af=ds valuable protection to ! roots ( ! plants1 & a light mul* ( ?or\ghly decay$ manure w prove v helpful 9 a dry season4 ,9 ! ev5t ( prolong$ dry wea!r1 h[ev]1 measures mu/ be tak5 to supply wat] 9 good "t & 9 lib]al quantity4 ,! advantage ( deep digg+ & manur+ betwe5 ! two spits w n[ be discov]$1 = ,peas ?us circum/anc$ w pass ?r\gh ! trial1 ev5 if n aid$ by wat]1 al?\gh mu* bett] ) x2 :]eas simil> sorts1 9 poor %all[ gr\nd1 w soon become hopelessly mildew$1 & n ev5 wat] w save !m4 ,9 giv+ wat]1 x w be well to op5 a %all[ tr5*1 di/ant ab\t a foot f ! r[s on ! %ady side1 & 9 ?is p\r ! wat] s z to fill ! tr5*2 by ?is me?od wat] & lab\r w be economis$1 & ! plant w h ! full b5efit ( ! op]ation4 ,! enemies ,( ,peas are few] 9 numb] ?an might be expect$ 9 ! case ( s nutritive a plant4 ,aga9/ ! weevil1 ! mo?1 & ! fly1 we are comp>atively p[]less1 & p]haps ! safe/ c\rse is occasionally to du/ ! plants ) lime or soot1 9 :i* case ! "w mu/ be c>efully done1 or ! leaf gr[? w be *eck$1 to ! injury ( ! crop4 ,light du/+s w suffice to r5d] ! plant unpalatable )\t int]f]+ ) its heal?1 b a heavy c>eless h& w d m h>m ?an all ! insects by load+ ! leafage ) obnoxi\s matt]4 ,! great enemy ( ! ,pea crop is ! sp>r[1 ^: depr$ations beg9 ) ! appe>ance ( ! plant1 & are r5ew$ f ! mom5t :5 ! pods conta9 some?+ wor? hav+4 ,o!r small birds haunt ! gr\nd1 b ! sp>r[ is ! lead] ( ! gang4 ,ord9>y fright5]s us$ 9 ! ord9>y way are ( little use2 ! be/ are l9es1 to :i* at int]vals :ite fea!rs1 or /rips ( :ite pap]1 or pieces ( bright t9 are atta*$4 ,9 ! se$l+ /age ! plants may be protect$ by wire gu>ds1 & ev5 /r&s ( black ?read ti$ to %ort /akes w prove s]viceable4 ,we h f\nd ! sure/ way to gu>d ! crop aga9/ fea!r$ plund]]s is to h "w 9 h& on ! plot1 s z to keep up a con/ant bu/le1 & ?is %[s ! wisdom ( putt+ ! r[s at su* a di/ance z w all[ ! =mation ( ,cel]y tr5*es betwe5 !m4 ,we want a crop to come (f1 & ano!r to be put on :ile ! ,peas are 9 be>+2 & e>ly ,potatoes1 to be foll[$ by ,cel]y1 may be sugge/$ z a rotation suitable 9 _m in/ances4 ,ev5 !n ! birds w h a good "t ( x 9 ! morn+1 unless ! workm5 are on ! gr\nd e>ly4 ,h[ev]1 on ?is delicate po9t1 ! #8e>ly bird' t c>ries a spade w h an advantage1 because ! sp>r[ is really a late ris]1 & does n beg9 bus9ess until o!r birds h _h breakfa/1 & h f9i%$ at lea/ "o musical p]=mance4 ,e>ly ,peas "u ,glass4--,s greatly e/eem$ are ,peas at table t 9 _m e/abli%m5ts ! dem& = !m is n limit$ to supplies obta9able f ! op5 gr\nd4 ,s[+s may be made f mid-,novemb] to mid-,febru>y1 accord+ to requirem5ts & ! ext5t ( accommodation available1 f :i* ! crops may be expect$ to mature f mid-,m>* onw>ds4 ,:]e a l>ge glass-h\se1 su* z is us$ = ,tomatoes1 c41 is at comm&1 e>ly ,peas may be gr[n )\t prejudice to o!r crops4 ,assum+ t a good dep? ( soil exi/s1 ?or\ghly tr5* & prep>e x z = outdoor ,peas4 ,select a tall-gr[+ v>iety1 ( :i* !re are a numb] t d well "u glass4 ,s[ 9 a triple r[1 plac+ ! se$s ab\t ?ree in*es ap>t ea* way1 & 9 due c\rse support ! plants ) /akes4 ,a cool gre5h\se or a frame w also c>ry ?r\gh an e>ly crop ( ,peas1 b = ^! /ructures pots %\ld be us$ & only dw>f-gr[+ v>ieties s[n4 ,a t5-in* pot w accommodate ab\t eight se$s1 & ^! %\ld be plant$ "o & a half in*es deep4 ,:5 a few in*es high ins]t a few bu%y /akes to c>ry ! plants4 ,a compo/ consi/+ ( two p>ts loam1 "o "p leaf-soil or well-decay$ manure1 ) a small quantity ( wood a%es1 w suit ,peas admirably4 ,at no "t is a =c+ temp]ature ne$$4 ,f #ej to #ee at night1 ) a rise ( ab\t #aj by day w suffice1 & free v5tilation mu/ be giv5 :5ev] possible ) safety4 ,apply wat] c>efully1 b nev] all[ ! roots to become du/-dry4 ,peas = ,exhibition4--,on ! exhibition table h&some well-gr[n ,peas always elicit un/9t$ admiration1 & ! magnific5t pods ( ! new] v>ieties are c]ta9ly wor?y ( ! utmo/ praise be/[$ ^u !m4 ,9 all cases :]e vegetables are gr[n = competition at ,%[s ! am\nt ( success a*iev$ dep5ds l>gely on ! int5sity ( ! cultivation adopt$1 & 9 ?is respect no o!r subject w respond m readily to lib]al treatm5t ?an w ! ,g>d5 ,pea4 ,deep digg+1 g5]\s manur+1 & copi\s wat]+ dur+ dry wea!r1 9 ! mann] already describ$1 are fundam5tal ess5tials4 ,ano!r matt] ( no less importance is ! selection ( suitable v>ieties4 ,x is n[ ! g5]al cu/om to />t ! e>ly sorts 9 pots or boxes "u glass 7see page #ajd71 & "s gr[]s treat mid-season ,peas 9 ! same mann]4 ,( ?is sy/em x may be said t x (f]s ! fulle/ opportunity ( giv+ att5tion to ! "y plants & all[s ( ! /ronge/ specim5s be+ select$ = transf] to op5 qu>t]s4 ,! numb] ( s[+s w1 ( c\rse1 dep5d on individual requirem5ts4 ,at ! "t ( transplant+ give ea* plant pl5ty ( space = developm5t1 & x w be well to /ake ! r[s imm$iately4 ,keep ! plants "u con/ant obs]vation1 especially :ile q "y1 :5 !y are liable to de/ruction by g>d5 foes4 ,! fl[]+ %\ld be limit$ to ! f\r? spike1 & f ! "t ! pods appe> assi/ance mu/ be giv5 9 ! =m ( liquid manure or a mul*+ ( well-rott$ dung4 ,remove all lat]al %oots & promote vigor\s heal?y gr[? at e /age4 ,"s means %\ld be adopt$ to prev5t injury ( any k9d to ! pods1 :i* :5 ga!r$ %\ld be well fill$1 c>ry+ a f9e bloom free f blemi%4 ,,potato ,sol>ium tub]osum ,! potato has be5 designat$ ! #8,k+ ( ! ,kit*5 ,g>d51' & p]haps #8! noble tub]' %\ld be s reg>d$4 ,( its importance z an article ( food x is impossible to speak too highly1 & ! dietetic value ( ! ,potato appe>s to be always advanc+4 ,! kn[n defici5cy ( fle%-=m+ con/itu5ts naturally associates ?is vegetable ) meat ( v>i\s k9ds1 p\ltry1 game & fi%1 & 9 ?is prop] association ! root is probably capable ( sup]s$+ all o!r vegetable foods1 bread alone except$4 ,x is f> f our int5tion to recomm5d ab/5tion f ,asp>agus1 ,caulifl[]1 ,peas1 & ,sea ,kale1 & to reg>d ,potatoes z a suffici5t sub/itute = ^! & o!r table delicacies2 b x is well to rememb] t by virtue ( its />*y comp\nds ! ,potato has a direct t5d5cy to promote heal? & t fre%ness ( complexion t g5]ally prevails among well-f$ p4 ,=c+ ,potatoes4--,! dem& = new ,potatoes exi/s long be=e ! fir/ ( ! outdoor crops gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry c be lift$4 ,to meet su* a dem& is n a difficult matt] :]e ! necess>y am\nt ( glass is at comm&1 & by adopt+ ! me?od "h giv5 supplies may be ma9ta9$ ?r\gh ! w9t] & onw>ds until ! fir/-e>lies f ! op5 gr\nd are available4 ,x may be said at once t = culture 9 pots & boxes "u glass a high temp]ature is nei!r requisite nor desirable4 ,/urdy heal?y gr[? is ess5tial to ! =mation ( a crop ( tub]s1 & if ! plants be =c$ into an att5uat$ condition ! lab\r w h be5 9 va94 ,ano!r matt] :i* ne$s to be specially m5tion$ is ! *oice ( suitable v>ieties4 ,only dw>f-gr[+ k9ds1 ?or\ghly adapt$ = =c+1 %\ld be consid]$4 ,! date ( plant+ w necess>ily be regulat$ by ! "t at :i* ! crop is requir$4 ,b a few weeks 9 advance ( plant+1 ! sets %\ld be spr\t$ by plac+ !m on end 9 %all[ boxes1 pack$ ) damp light soil & /ood ne> ! light 9 a slightly w>m pit or h\se4 ,:5 ! spr\ts are =m$ rub (f all b ! two /ronge/4 ,good turfy loam1 a small quantity ( manure f a sp5t ,mu%room b$1 & a little bone meal1 w make an excell5t compo/ = ! pots or boxes4 ,two sets w suffice = a t5-in* or twelve-in* pot1 or five tub]s may be plac$ 9 a box measur+ ab\t f\r feet long by "o foot wide4 ,p]fect dra9age mu/ be insur$4 ,plant ! sets ) c>e1 tak+ up z mu* soil z possible ) ! mass ( fibr\s roots :i* w h =m$ dur+ ! p]iod ( spr\t+4 ,! op]ation may be/ be accompli%$ by only half fill+ ! pots or boxes at fir/1 & :5 ! sets are 9 position add a fur!r two in*es or s ( soil4 ,wat] sp>+ly1 especially at ! outset4 ,z root gr[? increases add m soil & give ! plants an occasional application ( tepid liquid manure4 ,at all times avoid excessive heat1 & if ! crop c be f9i%$ (f gradually 9 a cool h\se s mu* ! bett]4 ,:]e suffici5t accommodation _c be f\nd = =c+ ,potatoes 9 pots or boxes1 an excell5t crop may be gr[n on a g5tle hot-b$ made up 9 ! usual mann]1 & cov]$ to a dep? ( at lea/ n9e in*es ) a compo/ ( ?ree p>ts light loamy soil to "o "p leaf-m\ld4 ,aft] putt+ on ! frame1 keep ! lights clos$ = a few days4 ,b a great heat is n want$1 & undue =c+ at any /age w lead to disa/]4 ,p>tially exhau/$ hot-b$s :i* h be5 us$ = o!r purposes w also be f\nd to answ] admirably4 ,prep>e ! sets 9 ! mann] already advis$ = pots & boxes1 & plant !m ) ! lea/ possible di/urbance to ! fibr\s roots1 ?ree in*es deep1 9 r[s fifte5 in*es ap>t1 all[+ twelve in*es betwe5 ! tub]s 9 ! r[4 ,:5ev] ! wea!r is f9e af=d ! plants a little air4 ,increase ! am\nt gradually z gr[? develops1 b close ! frames e>ly 9 ! aft]noon & give !m ! protection ( mats at night %\ld ! outside temp]ature be l[4 ,wat] mu/ be giv5 9 mod]ation4 ,x %\ld always be ( ! same temp]ature z ! frame1 & z soon z ! haulm comm5ces to turn yell[ wat]+ mu/ be discont9u$4 ,little e>?+ up is ne$$1 b :5 ! foliage is ab\t n9e in*es high ! addition ( a small quantity ( w>m soil along ! r[s w be b5eficial4 ,e>ly ,potatoes outdoors are produc$ 9 v>i\s ways1 & by v simple appliances4 ,! ,potato w n be> ! slighte/ t\* ( fro/4 ,x is a sub-tropical plant1 & w endure consid]able heat if at ! same "t x c enjoy light1 air1 & suffici5t moi/ure4 ,9 "s respects x may be lik5$ to ! ,lettuce1 = if cr[d$ or ov]heat$1 or subject$ to sudd5 *ecks1 x bolts--9 o!r words1 x produces pl5ty ( top & no bottom1 j z ,lettuces simil>ly treat$ produce fl[]+ /ems & no he>ts4 ,we w "h propose a v simple & practical proc$ure = obta9+ a nice crop ( ,potatoes 9 ! mon? ( ,june4 ,?is sy/em fairly ma/]$1 endless modifications w be easily effect$ z circum/ances & judgm5t may sugge/4 ,beg9 by select+ an e>ly v>iety ( ! be/ quality4 ,"s "t t[>ds ! end ( ,janu>y ! sets are pack$ closely 9 %all[ boxes1 "o lay] deep only1 & ^! are plac$ 9 full daylight safe f fro/1 b are n subject$ to heat 9 any way4 ,hav+ />t$ ! sets into gr[? 9 full daylight1 proce$ ) ! prep>ation ( ! gr\nd4 ,?is mu/ be light1 w>m1 dry & r ri* )\t be+ rank4 ,if a l5g? ( wall is available1 & p]plexity arises conc]n+ suitable soil = ! e>ly ,potatoes1 seize all ! s&y loam t has be5 turn$ out ( pots1 & hav+ mix$ x ) z mu* leaf-m\ld & q rott5 manure z c be sp>$1 lay ! mixture 9 a ridge at ! foot ( ! wall4 ,z walls d n any:]e run 9 su* l5g?s z to provide = all ! e>ly ,potatoes t are want$1 select a plot ( gr\nd ly+ w>m & dry to ! sun1 & hav+ spread ov] x a lib]al all[ance ( decay$ manure1 & any light f]tilis+ /uff1 su* z ! r$ & black residue f ! burn+ ( h$ge clipp+s1 turf1 & we$s1 dig ?is 94 ,! gr\nd be+ ready1 x is l9$ out 9 neat ridges two feet ap>t1 runn+ nor? & s\?4 ,^! ridges mu/ be %all[1 ris+ n m ?an six in*es above ! g5]al level4 ,on e f\r? ridge s[ e>ly ,peas t are n likely to gr[ m ?an two & a half to ?ree feet 9 height4 ,?is be+ done 9 ,febru>y1 ! l& is ready = ,potatoes 9 ! fir/ week ( ,m>*4 ,plant on ! f9e /uff laid up next ! wall 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & !n on ! ridges1 :]e !re is room = ?ree r[s ( ,potatoes betwe5 e two r[s ( ,peas4 ,9 ! process ( plant+1 x w be advisable to rub (f all ! weak eyes & ?9 out ^? on ! cr[n1 two or ?ree /rong eyes be+ q suffici5t4 ,?is c easily be accompli%$ z ! sets are laid into _! places 9 a %all[ drill op5$ on ! top ( ! ridge4 ,! sets may be put a foot ap>t1 & h f\r in*es ( f9e soil ov] !m4 ,prick ! gr\nd ov] ) a =k betwe5 ! r[s1 leav+ x q r\gh1 b regul> & workmanlike4 ,! ,peas w soon be visible & require att5tion4 ,draw a little f9e e>? to !m1 & /ake !m c>efully ) small bru%wood4 ,if snails & slugs appe>1 give du/+s ( lime or soot1 & z soon z possible supply /akes ( suffici5t height & /r5g? to c>ry ! crop4 ,by ! "t ! ,potatoes beg9 to %[ _! %aws ! ,peas w con/itute an effectual %elt] = !m aga9/ ea/ w9ds1 & x w be f\nd t ! morn+ fro/s t are (t5 s injuri\s to ,potatoes 9 ! mon? ( ,may w sc>cely t\* a crop t has ! advantage ( ?is k9d ( protection4 ,b to t alone x is n wise to tru/4 ,"o s]i\s freez+ t black5s ! %aws w delay & dim9i% ! ,potato crop4 ,!re=e1 z ! gre5 tops appe>1 cov] !m lightly ) f9e e>? f betwe5 ! r[s1 & if necess>y repeat ?is1 always all[+ ! leaves to see daylight4 ,:5 a %>p fro/ occurs1 x w be advisable to cov] ! tops ) a few in*es ( light dry litt] 9 j ! same way t a b$ ( ,radi%es is protect$4 ,!re are _m o!r me?ods ( sav+ ! ris+ %aws4 ,a plank on edge on ! ea/ side ( a r[ w suffice to tide ?r\gh an ord9>y :ite fro/4 ,mats or re$ hurdles laid on a few /\t pegs w also answ] admirably1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! plant is n press$ d[n1 & ! cov]+ mu/ be remov$ z soon z ! dang] is ov]4 ,crops gr[n "u walls w be ready fir/1 & ^? 9 ! b$s w foll[4 ,spaces betwe5 ! trees ( a fruit wall may be plant$ ) ,potatoes1 )\t injury to ! trees4 ,^? gr[n on ! s\? face ( a good wall w be ready = table ?ree weeks 9 advance ( ! e>lie/ crops 9 ! op5 qu>t]s4 ,b ea/ & we/ walls may be made to contribute1 & ev5 nor? walls are useful1 if plant$ a week lat] & a little deep]4 ,9 all cases ! sets %\ld be put close to ! wall to enjoy ! w>m?1 & dryness1 & %elt] x af=ds4 ,:5 ! crop is lift$1 ! soil specially laid up = x may be tak5 away1 or scatt]$ ov] ! bord]4 ,b ! bulk w be s slight t x w n matt] mu* :at becomes ( x4 ,h[ev]1 9 a new place ) a clay soil x may be prud5t to remove x1 & keep x ready z an aid 9 se$ s[+1 = !re are times & places :]e a little f9e /uff is wor? a great deal to give a crop ( "s k9d a prop] />t4 ,! ma9 crop1 z ! s\rce ( supply = fully n9e mon?s out ( twelve1 des]ves e att5tion4 ,potatoes are gr[n ) advantage on s _m div]se soils1 & 9 su* unlikely climates1 t ! plant appe>s1 on a casual consid]ation1 to be altoge!r indiff]5t to its surr\nd+s4 ,b x is none ! less true t = ! pr(itable cultivation ( ?is crop c]ta9 conditions are absolutely ess5tial4 ,among ^! an op5 situation & a well-dra9$ soil are p]haps ! mo/ important4 ,to ?is might be add$ fav\rable wea!r1 because a bad season fru/rates e hope & lab\r4 ,hav+ an op5 situation & a well-dra9$ soil1 x is mu* to be pref]r$ t ! soil be ( a deep1 friable1 loamy nature2 9 o!r words1 a good m$ium soil1 suitable = deep tillage1 b nei!r a decid$ clay1 *alk nor s&4 ,a f]tile s&y loam1 ly+ well z reg>ds sun%9e & dra9age1 may g5]ally be consid]$ a fir/-rate ,potato soil1 & excell5t crops h also be5 gr[n on ?9 soils ov]ly+ *alk & lime/one4 ,s aga91 f9e crops are (t5 tak5 f poor s&y soils1 & f newly-brok5 bog & moss1 z well z f clay l&s t h _h "s am\nt ( tillage to =m a friable top cru/4 ,b :5 all is said ! fact rema9s t ! ideal soil = ,potatoes is a deep mell[ loam1 &1 fail+ ?is1 pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to calc>e\s & s&y soils r ?an to clays or ret5tive soils ( any k9d4 ,manures4--,mu* prejudice prevails aga9/ manur+ l& = ,potatoes1 & :]e ! soil is good en\gh to yield a pay+ crop1 x w be prud5t to d )\t manure1 & to dress g5]\sly = ! next crop to re/ore ! l& to a reasonable /ate4 ,/ill x is ! practice ( _m ( ! mo/ successful gr[]s = ! e>ly m>ket to manure = ?is crop1 & 9 "s in/ances ! manure is laid 9 ! tr5*es at ! "t ( plant+4 ,g5]ally speak+1 l& int5d$ = ,potatoes %\ld be deeply dug1 &1 if ne$ful1 manur$ 9 ! autumn4 ,ab\t tw5ty to ?irty c>tloads ( half-rott5 manure p] acre may be dug or pl\gh$ 9 to z great a dep? z possible1 consi/5t ) ! nature ( ! subsoil & ! appliances at comm&4 ,9 break+ up pa/ure ) ! spade1 ba/>d tr5*+ w z a rule prove advantage\s4 ,! l& is l9$ (f 9 two-feet bread?s1 & ! top spit ( ! fir/ piece is remov$ to ! la/ piece1 :i* w (t5 be close at h& by ! rule ( work+ a c]ta9 di/ance d[n & back aga94 ,! "u spit w !n be well brok5 up1 ! manure ?r[n 91 & ! top spit ( ! next piece w be turn$ 9 turf d[nw>ds1 mak+ a s&wi* ( ! manure4 ,if ?is is done 9 autumn1 !re w be a mell[ top cru/ produc$ by ! spr+1 & ! be/ way to plant w be 9 tr5*es1 unless ! l& is v light1 9 :i* case ! dibb] may be us$4 ,z light l&s are (t5 pr(itably devot$ to ,potato culture1 & m especially to ! production ( fir/-class e>ly ,potatoes = ! m>kets1 a few words on _! managem5t may be useful "h4 ,if on ! light l& !re is a *oice ( aspects1 by all means select ! plots t slope to ! s\?-we/2 ! dang]\s aspects are nor? & ea/4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be pl\gh$ up 9 autumn & left r\gh1 b x is n economical to manure light l&s 9 autumn4 ,at ! "t ( plant+1 ! furr[s %\ld be cut ) a pl\gh fitt$ ) a d\ble m\ld-bo>d1 & ! manure spread ev5ly along !m previ\s to lay+ 9 ! sets4 ,a good dress+ p] acre w consi/ ( fifte5 loads ( f>my>d manure1 & f\r cwt4 ( artificials1 consi/+ ( "o & a half cwt4 ( guano1 two cwt4 ( sup]phosphate ( lime1 & half a cwt4 ( muriate ( pota%4 ,:5 ! sets are laid1 cov] !m by splitt+ ! ridges ) ! pl\gh4 ,if plant$ e>ly 9 ,m>*1 ! crop %\ld come (f 9 "t = ,turnips1 = :i* ! l& w be 9 good he>t1 & ! se$ %\ld be s[n z quickly z possible aft] ! cle>+ ( ! ,potatoes4 ,prep>+ ! ,sets4--,among ! _m subjects t op5 out be=e u at ?is po9t are ! selection & prep>ation ( ! sets4 ,:y are smalli% tub]s *os5 9 "o case & plant$ :ole8 & :y1 9 ano!r case1 are l>ge tub]s *os5 & divid$ be=e plant+1 to make two or m sets ( ea*8 ,because !re is a pr9ciple on :i* s\nd practice re/s1 & x is ?is3 ! numb] ( %oots />t+ f any "o gr[+ po9t mu/ be limit$1 = if !y become cr[d$ ! crop w be less ?an ! l& is capable ( produc+4 ,keep+ ?is pr9ciple 9 view1 we proce$ to rem>k1 9 ! fir/ place1 t c>efully select$ se$ ( mod]ate size may be plant$ z x comes f ! /ore )\t any prep>ation :atev]1 & ) a fair prospect ( a pr(itable result4 ,b c]ta9 v>ieties produce few tub]s ( se$ size1 & :5 l>ge !y mu/ be divid$ 9 su* a mann] z to insure at lea/ two eyes 9 ea* set4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 pr(itable crops are gr[n 9 ! mo/ simple way2 ! se$ is nei!r spr\t$ nor disbudd$1 & ) a well-made soil & a fav\rable season1 ! return is ample1 & all claims are satisfi$4 ,potato-gr[+ entails mu* lab\r1 !re=e x is important to di/+ui% betwe5 tasks t are necess>y & ^? t are optional4 ,b :]e ! "t & /r5g? c be f\nd = fir/-class cultivation1 x %\ld h ! pref]5ce ov] ! r\gh & ready me?ods t are satisfactory on a l>ge scale4 ,exhibitions ( ,potatoes are = ! mo/ "p su/a9$ by p]sons :o c f9d ! "t to d ?+s ) extra c>e1 & !y h _! rew>d 9 _! crops z well z 9 _! prizes1 = :at may be /yl$ ,exhibition culture consi/s simply 9 gr[+ ! crop 9 ! be/ possible way1 & plant+ _m sorts :]e 9 any o!r case a few w\ld suffice4 ,"h1 !n1 on ! be/ plan1 we beg9 ) sets mo/ c>efully select$1 to insure true typical =m & col\r1 & ^! are1 "s six weeks or s be=e plant+ "t1 put 9 %all[ boxes or baskets1 "o lay] deep1 to spr\t 9 full daylight1 b q safe f fro/4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance a numb] ( spr\ts appe>1 & a l>ge proportion are rubb$ (f4 ,! object ( ! cultivator is to secure two or ?ree /\t1 %ort %oots ( a gre5 or purple col\r2 ! long :ite ?reads t are (t5 produc$ 9 ! /ore be+ reg>d$ z useless4 ,:5 l>ge sets are employ$1 !y are all[$ to make ?ree or f\r /\t %oots1 & at ! "t ( plant+--n be=e--^! sets are cut s z to leave to ea* l>ge piece only "o or two good spr\ts or sprits4 ,z = ! small] sets t are n to be divid$1 x is common practice to cut a small piece (f ea* ( ^! at ! "t ( plant+ to facilitate ! decay ( ! tub] :5 x has accompli%$ its "w1 = hav+ n\ri%$ ! fir/ gr[? ! soon] x disappe>s ! bett]4 ,?us1 ) a little extra tr\ble1 s\nd tub]s h be5 prep>$ = plant+1 & ! ma9 reasons = tak+ ?is extra tr\ble are d\btless fully app>5t4 ,! be/ se$ possible is want$ & ! mo/ suitable soil2 ^! two items =m+ ! fir/ *apt]4 ,by spr\t+ ! se$ "t is ga9$1 :i* is equival5t to a l5g!n+ ( ! season4 ,by limit+ ! numb] ( %oots an excess ( foliage is prev5t$4 ,:]e ! %oots are cr[d$ ! tub]s w n be cr[d$1 a few /rong %aws ) all _! leaves expos$ to ! air & light be+ capable ( produc+ bett] results ?an a l>ge numb] cont5d+ = air & light t are insuffici5t = !m all4 ,& f9ally1 by cutt+ ! sets1 :e!r to divide !m1 or simply to ha/5 _! decay1 we insure t !y w n reappe> ) ! "y crop z useless1 ugly ?+s4 ,di/ances = ,plant+4--,! di/ance at :i* ! sets are plant$ is ( importance1 = a crop too cr[d$ w be ( little value4 ,b ! gr\nd mu/ be prop]ly fill$4 ,by wa/+ only a small space 9 ea* bread?1 or 9 ! spaces betwe5 ! sets1 ! total crop w be _m bu%els %ort ( ! possible quantity4 ,! guid+ pr9ciple mu/ be to all[ to ea* plant ample room to spread1 & absorb ! air & sun%9e1 9 accordance ) ! "* ( ! sort & ! condition ( ! soil4 ,a consid]able proportion ( ! losses f disease may be trac$ to ov]cr[d+ 9 ! fir/ in/ance2 ! tangl$ haulm be+ r5d]$ weak ?r\gh want ( air1 & !n becom+ load$ ) wat]1 & 9 contact ) wet gr\nd1 ! disease has made havoc :]e1 _h ! managem5t be5 f\nd$ on s\nd pr9ciples1 !re might h be5 a vigor\s heal?y gr[?4 ,if a d\bt arises1 x is saf] to all[ too mu* r ?an too little space1 & 9 ?is respect ! exhibition gr[]s are v lib]al4 ,!y (t5 place ! r[s ( /rong-gr[+ v>ieties f\r feet or m ap>t1 & all[ a space ( ?ree & a half feet = ! m mod]ate gr[]s4 ,ev5 !n1 ) good l&1 9 a high /ate ( prep>ation1 ! %aws sometimes meet across ! r[s1 & enorm\s crops are lift$4 ,= a v compreh5sive rule1 x may be said t ! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s may v>y f fifte5 in*es = ! e>ly sorts ( dw>f gr[?1 to =ty in*es = ! vigor\s-gr[+ late sorts4 ,betwe5 ^! measurem5ts1 = v>ieties produc+ m$ium haulm1 a di/ance ( tw5ty-six to ?irty-six in*es may be all[$ on good gr\nd4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! sets mu/ 9 l mann] be det]m9$ by ! gr[?1 & w range f n9e in*es = crops to be dug e>ly1 to sixte5 or tw5ty in*es = ! robu/ k9ds4 ,! m$ium ma9crop ,potatoes w g5]ally d well at twelve in*es ap>t4 ,mu*1 h[ev]1 dep5ds on ! season1 = :5 great space is all[$1 & ! season proves w>m & %[]y1 !re w be m l>ge tub]s ?an ! gr[] w c>e =2 :]eas1 if plant$ some:at clos]1 ! crop w\ld be small] & m uni=m 9 size4 ,:5 plant$1 ! tops ( ! tub]s %\ld be ab\t f\r in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,"t ( ,plant+4--,"u fav\rable conditions1 x is possible to plant on a w>m dry bord] z e>ly z mid-,febru>y 9 v %elt]$ di/ricts1 b a supply ( protect+ mat]ial mu/ be in/antly available 9 ! ev5t ( sev]e wea!r4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! op5+ ( ,m>* is soon en\gh to plant e>ly crops out ( doors1 always provid$ t ! soil is light & ! situation w>m1 b :]e ^! conditions d n exi/ x w be saf] to wait until ! middle ( ! mon?4 ,ma9crops may be got 9 at ! end ( ,m>* & dur+ ,april1 accord+ to ! locality & ! "* ( ! soil4 ,9 any case1 x is bett] to def] ! op]ation = a week or s ?an to plant 9 heavy wet gr\nd :i* quickly consolidates1 mak+ x imp]vi\s to air & unsuitable = root-p5etration4 ,excell5t crops may also be obta9$ by plant+ 9 ,july1 pref]5ce be+ giv5 to quick-gr[+ e>ly v>ieties4 ,old tub]s only %\ld be us$ & ^! mu/ be c>efully /or$ until requir$ = plant+4 ,me?od ( ,plant+4--,on light soils1 9 a suffici5tly dry condition1 ! dibb] or plant+ /ick may be us$1 b on heavy gr\nd x is n satisfactory4 ,a good me?od ( plant+ = all classes ( soil is to draw out a ,v-%ap$ drill ( ! requisite dep?1 place ! sets into position & lightly return ! e>?4 ,ano!r plan :i* is l>gely adopt$ is to ins]t ! sets 9 ! tr5*es z made dur+ ! op]ation ( digg+ ! gr\nd 9 spr+1 a g>d5 l9e be+ us$ to obta9 ! accurate alignm5t ( ! r[s4 ,g5]al ,cultivation4--,z soon z ! %aws appe> ! gr\nd %\ld be ho$ betwe5 ! r[s1 & if !re is any fe> ( fro/ ! %aws %\ld be lightly m\ld$ ov]4 ,z ! gr[? advances ! crop mu/ be e>!d up1 c>e be+ ex]cis$ n to e>? up too mu*1 =1 tak+ six in*es z ! be/ av]age dep?1 ! crop w be dim9i%$ by an increase beyond ?is dep?4 ,"o urg5t reason = e>ly "w betwe5 ! r[s is t a prosp]\s crop w soon put a /op to x4 ,! mom5t x becomes likely t ! %aws w be bruis$ by traffic betwe5 ! r[s !y mu/ be left to f9i% _! c\rse 9 _! own way1 because ! =mation ( tub]s bel[ w be 9 ! ratio ( ! heal?y gr[? above gr\nd4 ,! ,potato may be said to be manufactur$ out ( sun%9e & alkal9e salts4 ,! gre5 leaves con/itute ! ma*9]y ( ! manufacture1 = :i* ! sol> light f above1 & ! pota%1 phosphate ( lime1 phosphate ( magnesia1 & phosphoric acid f bel[ are ! raw mat]ials4 ,*ange ( ,gr\nd & ,se$4--,9 common ) all o!r crops1 ! ,potato ne$s z (t5 z possible a fre% soil1 & a r5ewal ( se$ f "s di/ant s\rce4 ,! ne$ = a *ange ( soil is made app>5t by an analysis ( ! root1 :i* conta9s l>ge proportions ( pota%1 phosphorus1 & sulphur1 ) small] proportions ( magnesia & lime1 )\t :i* ! plant _c prosp]4 ,a succession ( heavy crops ( ,potatoes on ! same l& may be said to take f ! soil its available pota% & phosphates1 & ?is crop w n1 l "s o!rs1 take soda in/ead ( pota% :5 ! la/-nam$ alkali runs %ort4 ,"h !n is a *emical reason = *ange ( soil4 ,ano!r reason is f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( ! species ( fungi t prey on ! ,potato :5 its gr[? is *eck$ by heavy ra9s & a l[ temp]ature4 ,^! leave _! spores 9 ! soil1 l wolves hid+ 9 ambu%1 to de/roy ! next crop4 ,!y are p[]less to attack any o!r crop2 !re=e a suitable rotation gives !m "t to die out & leave ! l& clean z reg>ds ! ,phytoph?ora & o!r p>asites t de/roy ,potato crops4 ,! necessity = an occasional *ange ( se$ re/s on old exp]i5ce1 & %\ld sc>cely ne$ en=c+4 ,"o ^w may be said "h by way ( explanation1 & x is ?is3 ! se$ h\se t aims to put a good article 9 ! m>ket adopts measures :i* altoge!r diff] f ^? foll[$ by ! majority ( p]sons :o h n be5 tra9$ to ! bus9ess4 ,x is a common exp]i5ce to f9d t ^? :o save _! own se$ f ye> to ye> h z a result a con/antly decl9+ /ra91 s t e ye> ! gr[? is weak]1 less true1 & less pr(itable4 ,x is s all ?r\gh1 b is especially ! case ) ,potatoes4 ,we d n say t all :o save _! own se$ act unwisely1 = "s are mo/ exp]t 9 ! bus9ess4 ,b we d say t se$ sav+ is n le>n$ 9 a day1 & _m :o ?9k !y save %ill+s :5 !y save se$s1 actually lose p\nds by burd5+ !mselves ) a bad article4 ,! art ( #8rogu+'--! elim9ation ( plants :i* are untrue to type--is b "o "p ( ! se$-sav+ process4 ,!re is ! prop] /or+1 ! select+ & sort+ op]ations1 to :i* eyes & h&s mu/ be tra9$1 & !re mu/ be no scruple ab\t ! sacrifice ( false1 immature or diseas$ samples4 ,! po9t we h 9 view is to advise ! ,potato gr[] to be sure ( 8 se$1 & :5 a d\bt arises z to ! purity & heal?9ess ( ! sample at comm&1 x may be rememb]$ t ! se$ m]*ant practises me?ods ( purgation = insur+ p]fectly true /ocks1 :ile by gr[+ 9 _m diff]5t di/ricts1 & on div]se soils1 he c furni% an admirable *ange ( se$ = any description ( l&4 ,! ,potato ,disease4--,! culture ( ,potatoes _c be dismiss$ )\t allusion to ! de/ructive fungus :i* is nev] abs5t 9 dry seasons1 & 9 wet summ]s does its deadly "w on a va/ scale4 ,sci5tific m5 h acqua9t$ u ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,potato fungus1 & ?is may ev5tually result 9 z effici5t a rem$y z t :i* r5ew$ ! v9ey>ds ( ,france4 ,su* a rem$y = ! ,potato murra9 has yet to be discov]$4 ,mean:ile1 we mu/ cont9ue to resi/ ! foe ) ! pl\gh1 spade1 dra9+ tool1 & above all ) a wise selection ( sorts4 ,x is an ackn[l$g$ fact t _m ,potatoes t h be5 cultivat$ = a long "t appe> to h lo/ _! vig\r1 & are liable to succumb to ! disease2 b sev]al k9ds t h be5 rais$ f se$ 9 rec5t ye>s possess a con/itution :i* almo/ defies ! virul5t assaults ( ! ,phytoph?ora infe/ans4 ,s9ce ! introduction ( ,sutton's ,magnum ,bonum ,potato !re has be5 a disposition to believe 9 #8,disease-pro( ,potatoes4' ,!re is no su* ?+ absolutely1 & p]haps !re nev] w be1 any m ?an !re is a disease-pro( :eat1 or dog1 or horse1 or man4 ,b "s v>ieties ( ,potatoes are kn[n to be m susceptible to ! ravages ( disease ?an o!rs1 & x has be5 "o ( our aims to secure se$l+s :i* comb9e ! highe/ cropp+ & table qualities ) ! lea/ t5d5cy to succumb 9 seasons :5 conditions fav\r ! spread ( ! fungus4 ,sci5tific m5 h n yet expla9$ :y ! v>ieties diff] 9 ?is respect1 b practical m5 h discov]$ t initial vig\r ( gr[? is ! ma9 def5ce aga9/ ! plague1 & z ! gr[+ ( a good ,potato co/s no m ?an ! gr[+ ( a poor v>iety1 ! cultivator %\ld be/[ 8 c>e on ! v be/ he c obta94 ,a little extra co/ = se$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance is z no?+ to ! multipli$ *ances ( success a good v>iety c>ries ) x4 ,to sum up ?is subject1 !n1 we say t disease may be avoid$ 9 ! e>ly crops by cultivat+ sorts :i* may be lift$ be=e ! plague g5]ally appe>s2 & on soils :i* w n produce an e>ly crop1 only su* v>ieties %\ld be gr[n = ! ma9 crops z h be5 prov$ to be mo/ capable ( /&+ un9jur$ until late 9 ! season4 ,let !re be a dry1 w>m b$1 suffici5t food1 ! fulle/ exposure to ! life-giv+ p[]s ( light1 & conditions fav\rable to e>ly rip5+4 ,! ,w>t ,disease 7,black ,scab7 ( ,potatoes 7,syn*ytrium endobioticum1 ,p]cival7 is dealt ) 9 ! *apt] on #8,! ,fungus ,pe/s ( c]ta9 ,g>d5 ,plants4' ,,pumpk9--see ,,g\rd1 page #fc ,,radi% ,raphanus sativus ,! ,radi% is (t5 badly gr[n ?r\gh be+ s[n too ?ickly1 or on lumpy gr\nd1 or 9 places n fav\rable to quick vegetation4 ,radi%es gr[n sl[ly become t\gh1 pung5t & wor?less4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ^? :i* are gr[n quickly on ri*1 mell[ gr\nd are attractive 9 appe>ance1 delicate 9 flav\r1 & z dige/ible z any salad 9 common use4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t e>l9ess is ( ! v fir/ importance1 & t l>ge ,radi%es are nev] want$4 ,to insure a quick gr[? & a h&some sample ! gr\nd mu/ n only be good1 b f9ely brok5 up4 ,frame ,culture4--,= ! e>lie/ crops x is advisable to make a semi-hot-b$1 by remov+ a portion ( ! surface soil1 & lay+ d[n ab\t two-feet dep? ( half-rott5 /able manure1 on :i* spread f\r in*es ( f9e e>?1 & !n cov] ) frames4 ,s[ ! se$ ?9ly1 & put on ! lights4 ,:5 ! plants appe>1 give air at e opportunity to keep ! gr[? dw>f1 & cov] ) mats dur+ fro/1 always tak+ c>e to uncov] z (t5 z possible to give light1 = if ! tops are drawn ! roots w be ( little acc\nt4 ,:]e ! plants are cr[d$1 ?9 !m1 all[+ e plant j room en\gh to spread out its top )\t ov]lapp+ its neighb\r4 ,s[+s made 9 ?is way 9 ,decemb]1 ,janu>y1 & ,febru>y w supply an abundance ( beautiful ,radi%es 9 e>ly spr+1 :5 !y are greatly valu$4 ,to foll[ ! outdoor crops frame culture w aga9 be necess>y 9 autumn4 ,outdoor ,culture4--,! second crop 7:i* 9 _m g>d5s w be ! fir/7 may be s[n on w>m1 dry bord]s 9 ,febru>y4 ,)9 a few days aft] s[+1 collect a quantity ( dry litt]1 & lay x up 9 a %$ ready = use4 ,x happ5s (t5 t we h w>m1 bright wea!r 9 ,febru>y1 & ! ,radi%es />t quickly & make good progress1 & !n may come a sev]e fro/1 :5 ! litt] mu/ be spread z lightly z possible1 ?ree or f\r in*es ?ick4 ,^! op5-gr\nd s[+s w be> cold well1 b !y %\ld n be all[$ to get froz51 & !re=e semi-hot-b$s may be employ$4 ,if "t & mat]ials appe> excessive = su* a purpose1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t ?is is a capital way ( prep>+ = ! next crop1 :atev] x may be1 & is a p>ticul>ly good me?od ( prep>+ = ,peas t are to be s[n 9 ! mon? ( ,april1 by :i* "t ! e>lie/ s[n ,radi%es w be (f ! gr\nd4 ,successive s[+s %\ld be made f ,m>* to ,septemb] 9 ! coole/ place t c be f\nd = !m1 & ! usual practice ( f\r-feet b$s w answ] v well4 ,9 _m g>d5s suffici5t supplies ( ,radi%es are obta9$ by s[+ 9 ! alleys betwe5 se$-b$s1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 t ?is plan does n int]f]e ) ! prop] "w ( hoe+1 we$+1 ?9n+1 c4 ,:5 se$ is s[n on light soils a mod]ate firm+ ) ! back ( ! spade may be desirable1 b g5]ally speak+ x is suffici5t to cov] ! se$ lightly1 & s leave x4 ,to ?9 ! crop e>ly is1 h[ev]1 ( great importance1 no matt] h[ wa/eful ! process may seem1 = :]ev] ! plants are cr[d$ !y w make l>ge useless tops1 & small wor?less roots1 & prove altoge!r unpr(itable4 ,= ! e>lie/ s[+s we h *oice ( _m sorts1 r\nd1 oval1 & long2 b ! long ,radi%es are n well adapt$ = late s[+1 :]eas ! r\nd & oval sorts /& pretty well 9 hot wea!r1 if on good gr\nd 9 a cool situation1 ) ! help ( a slight am\nt ( %ade4 ,z ! ye> advances we return to ! practice recomm5d$ = ! e>lie/ crops4 ,w9t] ,radi%es4--,^! l>ge-gr[+ k9ds are mu* priz$ by ^? :o use !m 9 w9t] 9 ! prep>ation ( salads4 ,se$ may be s[n 9 ! op5 f ,june to ,augu/1 9 drills n9e in*es ap>t1 & ! plants ?9n$ to six in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,! roots may be left 9 ! gr\nd & dug z requir$1 or tak5 up & /or$ 9 s&4 ,^! ,radi%es may also be cook$ 9 ! same mann] z ,turnips & !y make an excell5t di%4 ,,rhub>b ,rheum hybridum ,,rhub>b is s mu* valu$ t we ne$ n recomm5d x4 ,!re are "s rem>kably f9e sorts 9 cultivation1 adapt$ = e>ly "w1 ma9-crop1 & late use4 ,al?\gh an accommodat+ plant1 ,rhub>b requires = pr(itable production a ri* deep soil1 well work$1 & heavily dress$ ) rott5 manure1 & a situation remote f trees1 b 9 "s degree %elt]$4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! m>kets are suppli$ f %elt]$ alluvial soils1 t h be5 mu* cultivat$1 & kept 9 high condition by abundant manur+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! co>s] k9ds w make a free & e>ly gr[? on a damp clay1 if %elt]$ f ! ea/ w9ds t s (t5 damage e>ly spr+ vegetation4 ,! %orte/ way to e/abli% a plantation is to pur*ase select$ roots ( fir/-class nam$ v>ieties1 & plant !m 9 "o long r[1 ?ree to f\r feet ap>t1 or 9 a b$ or comp>tm5t f\r feet ap>t ea* way4 ,! small] k9ds w d v well at two & a half feet ea* way1 b = l>ge-gr[+ sorts ?is w\ld be injuri\sly close4 ,plant ) ! top bud two in*es deep1 tread 9 mod]ately firm1 !n lightly prick ! gr\nd ov]1 & s leave x4 ,rhub>b may be plant$ at any "t 9 spr+ or autumn b ( ! two ! spr+ is pref]able4 ,9 any case :]e a special cultivation is det]m9$ on1 x w be f\nd t bone manure has a wond]ful effect on ! gr[? ( ,rhub>b4 ,x is n suffici5t to say t ! plantation mu/ be kept free f we$s1 b ! plant %\ld be all[$ to make "o :ole season's gr[? be=e a s+le /alk is pull$4 ,& ! pull+ 9 ! second season1 & e season !reaft]1 %\ld be mod]ate & c>eful1 = e leaf remov$ weak5s ! plant1 & x mu/ be all[$-"t to rega9 /r5g? = ! next season4 ,"s p "k n :5 to leave (f pull+ ,rhub>b1 b appe> unwill+ to cease until !re is none to pull2 & x is a pity ?is %\ld happ51 especially z aft] ! delicate supplies ( e>ly spr+ are pa/1 ,rhub>b is a comp>atively poor ?+1 & to ru9 a plantation to get /alks = w9e is great folly4 ,= w9e-mak+ a special plantation %\ld be made1 f :i* n "o /ick %\ld be tak5 = table use4 ,! summ] /alks w !n be ( a suitable "*4 ,rhub>b is easily =c$ 9 any place :]e !re is a mod]ate w>m?1 & x is only ne$ful to pack ! roots 9 boxes ) moss or any light soil1 or ev5 r\gh litt]4 ,! roots w pu% into any moi/ mat]ial & f9d suffici5t food4 ,if entirely expos$ to ! light1 =c$ ,rhub>b has a full col\r2 b ! quality is bett]1 & ! col\r q suffici5t1 if x is =c$ 9 ! d>k2 h5ce :5 put "u ! /age 9 a gre5h\se1 or any o!r place :]e !re is a fair %>e ( daylight1 x is well to put an empty box or b>rel ov] to promote a c]ta9 degree ( blan*+4 ,:5 rais+ ,rhub>b f se$ s[ 9 spr+ 9 light soil1 & ! "y plants %\ld h frame culture until /rong en\gh to plant out4 ,if a great numb] are gr[n1 !y %\ld all be kept 9 pots until ! end ( ! season1 & !n ! common-look+ & unpromis+ plants %\ld be de/roy$1 res]v+ ! o!rs = plant+ out 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,a new type ( ,rhub>b :i* is readily rais$ f se$ w rema9 9 be>+ cont9u\sly if put out on good gr\nd & giv5 protection dur+ sev]e w9t] wea!r4 ,se$ ( ?is /ra9 %\ld be s[n 9 ,m>* or ,april1 9 pots or boxes plac$ 9 a cold frame4 ,plant out ! se$l+s 9 ,may & ^! w g5]ally yield /icks 9 ! autumn4 ,se$ may also be s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 spr+4 ,,salads ,al?\gh ! art ( mak+ ,salads is to "s ext5t und]/ood 9 ?is c\ntry1 x mu/ be admitt$ t mu* has yet to be le>n$ f ! ma/]s ( ,cont95tal cook]y1 :o utilise m plants ?an are commonly us$ on ?is side ( ! ,*annel1 & :o imp>t to _! ,salads an endless v>iety ( flav\r+s4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we are only conc]n$ ) ! plants t are1 or %\ld be1 9 requisition = ! ,salad-b[l at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>4 ,b x w n be irrelevant to allude to ! fact1 admitt$ by m$ical m5 ( high reputation1 t ! appetite = fre%1 crisp1 uncook$ vegetables is a really heal?y crav+1 & t free indulg5ce 9 ,salads is a means ( supply+ ! human frame ) important elem5ts ( plant-life4 ,9 ! process ( cook+1 c]ta9 m9]als1 su* z salts ( pota%1 are ab/ract$ f vegetables1 :ile 9 ,salads !y are available1 & contribute bo? to ! enjoym5t & ! b5efit ( ! consum]4 ,our pres5t object is to (f] a rem9d] ( ! plants t mu/ be gr[n 9 ord] to supply su* a v>iety ( ,salads z w fairly meet ! requirem5ts ( a g5]\s table dur+ ! *ang+ seasons ( ! ye>4 ,! culture ( all ! foll[+ subjects w be f\nd "u _! prop] head+s4 ,beet4--,= its di/9ct flav\r & spl5did col\r ,beet is highly valu$ z a compon5t ( ,salads4 ,z ! roots are easily /or$ !y are available = sev]al mon?s aft] ! gr[+ season has pass$4 ,cel]iac is mu* us$ 9 ,fr5* ,salads1 & "s appreciation is n[ %[n = x 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! roots or bulbs are trimm$1 wa%$1 & cook$ 9 ! same mann] z ,beet4 ,cel]y4--,?is delici\s ,salad is 9 su* g5]al fav\r t no comm5t on its virtues is necess>y4 ,*]vil4--,! curl$ is f> h&som] ?an ! common v>iety1 & is available = g>ni%+ z well z = ,salads4 ,*icory4--,! common ,*icory 7,b>be de ,capuc97 & ! ,brussels v>iety 7,witlo(7 h atta9$ to great popul>ity4 ,bo? are agreeable & :olesome1 & a supply %\ld be ma9ta9$ f ,octob] to ,may4 ,*ives f9d acceptance at times :5 ! /rong] flav\r ( ,onion is inadmissible4 ,corn ,salad4--,! leaves %\ld be ga!r$ sep>ately 9 ! same mann] z !y are collect$ f ,sp9a*4 ,cress %\ld be 9 cont9ual read9ess almo/ or entirely ?r\gh ! ye>4 ,cucumb]4--,ev]ybody appreciates ! value ( ?is fruit1 :i* is almo/ />tl+ 9 its crisp coolness4 ,d&elion4--,! cultivat$ =ms ( ?is famili> plant are increas+ly gr[n = use 9 ! ,salad-b[l4 ,endive has a di/9ct flav\r :i* is highly appreciat$2 & 9 w9t] ! plant occupies ! important position t ,lettuce fills 9 summ] & autumn4 ,lettuce4--,all ! ,cabbage v>ieties are 9 great dem& = ,salads1 because !y readily assimilate ! dress+4 ,b = delici\s crispness ! ,cos v>ieties _c fail to ma9ta9 _! position ( assur$ popul>ity4 ,mu/>d ne$s only to be nam$4 ,l ,cress1 x is 9 cont9u\s dem&4 ,na/urtium4--,a few fl[]s may always be employ$ to g>ni% a ,salad1 = !y are true ,salad plants1 & may be eat5 ) safety by ^? :o *oose to eat !m4 ,onion imp>ts life to e ,salad t conta9s x2 b = ! sake ( ! mode/ p :o d n fail to appreciate ! advantage ( its pres5ce1 al?\gh !y scruple to av[ _! love1 !re mu/ be discretion 9 det]m9+ ! proportion4 ,purslane4--,! leaves & %oots are us$ = ,salads1 & ! =m] %\ld be ga!r$ :ile q "y4 ,radi% f9ds a place on ! tables ( ! opul5t & ( ! humble/ cottag]4 ,rampion4--,! fle%y roots are employ$ 9 ,salads 9 ! natural /ate1 & also :5 cook$4 ,salsify is commonly kn[n z #8,vegetable ,oy/]1' & is an excell5t compon5t ( a ,salad4 ,! roots may also be all[$ to put =? leaves 9 ! d>k to furni% blan*$ mat]ial4 ,%allot4--,a delicate sub/itute = ,onion4 ,sorrel possesses a piquant flav\r t c be us$ by ! skilful ) mo/ agreeable results4 ,tomato has f\ght its way to popul>ity 9 ?is c\ntry1 & n[ holds a comm&+ position4 ,wat] ,cress4--,:5 ! t5d] tops c be _h !y are seldom all[$ to be abs5t f fir/-class ,salads4 ,,salsify ,tragopogon porrifolius ,salsify may be s[n f ! end ( ,m>* to ,may1 b two s[+s w 9 mo/ cases be suffici5t4 ,drill ! se$ 9 r[s fifte5 in*es ap>t & "o in* deep4 ,?9 f "t to "t until ! plants /& n9e1 t51 or 9 an extreme case twelve1 in*es ap>t4 ,9 ord9>y soil n9e in*es w be suffici5t4 ,hoe betwe5 frequ5tly1 b d n use a =k or spade any:]e ne> ! crop1 = ! loos5+ ( ! gr\nd w cause ! roots to bran*4 ,a deep s&y soil ) a coat ( manure put 9 ! bottom ( ! tr5* w produce f9e roots ( ,salsify4 ,b !re %\ld be no rec5t manure )9 fifte5 in*es ( ! surface1 or ! roots w be =k$ & ugly4 ,9 a soil t produces h&some roots naturally ! prep>ation may consi/ 9 a good digg+ only1 b g5]ally speak+ ! m lib]al r\t9e w give a bett] result4 ,9 ,novemb] dig a portion ( ! crop & /ore 9 s&1 & lift fur!r supplies z requir$4 ,"s roots may be left to furni% ,*>ds 9 spr+4 ,^! are ! fl[]+-%oots :i* rise gre5 & t5d]1 & mu/ be cut :5 n m ?an five or six in*es long4 ,!y are dress$ & s]v$ 9 ! same way z ,asp>agus4 ,salsify is a root ( high quality1 ! gr[+ ( :i* is g5]ally consid]$ a te/ ( a g>d5]'s skill4 ,p]haps ! aft]-dress+ & s]v+ ( ,salsify may be a te/ ( ! skill ( ! cook1 b ^u t po9t we w n insi/4 ,x is a less tr\blesome root ?an ,scorzon]a1 & sup]ior to x 9 beauty & flav\r--9 fact1 x is (t5 dress$ & s]v$ z #8,vegetable ,oy/]1' hav+ some:at ! flav\r ( ! fav\rite bivalve4 ,salsify roots require to be prep>$ = use by scrap+ !m1 & !n /eep+ 9 wat] conta9+ a little lemon juice or v9eg>4 ,!y are boil$ until t5d]1 & s]v$ ) :ite sauce4 ,to prep>e !m z ! #8,vegetable ,oy/]' ! roots are fir/ boil$ & all[$ to get cold1 !n cut 9 slices & quickly fri$ 9 butt] to a light gold5 br[n1 be+ du/$ ) salt & :ite pepp] :ile cook+4 ,s]ve ) crisp$ ,p>sley & sauce made ) butt]1 fl\r1 & ! liquor f t9n$ or fre% oy/]s4 ,,savoy--see page #ch ,,scorzon]a ,scorzon]a hispanica ,scorzon]a is n mu* gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry1 b z x is priz$ on ! ,cont95t1 x might be introduc$ to _m ,engli% tables ) advantage4 ,! ma9 po9t 9 ! cultivation is to obta9 l>ge clean roots1 = c>elessly gr[n samples w be small1 =k$1 & fibr\s4 ,tr5* a piece ( gr\nd1 & mix a good dress+ ( half-rott5 manure ) ! bottom spit1 tak+ c>e t !re is none 9 ! top spit4 ,make a nice se$-b$1 & s[ 9 ! mon? ( ,m>* 9 %all[ drills fifte5 in*es ap>t1 & z ! plants advance ?9 !m until !y /& a foot ap>t 9 ! drill4 ,keep ! crop clean1 & x w be fit = use 9 ,septemb]4 ,lift z want$ 9 ! same mann] z ,p>snips4 ,se$ may also be s[n 9 ,april & ,may4 ,to cook ! roots !y mu/ fir/ be scald$1 !n scrap$ & ?r[n into wat] 9 :i* !re are a few drops ( lemon juice4 ,let !m rema9 half an h\r2 boil 9 salt$ wat] 9 ! same way z ,c>rots until q t5d]1 & s]ve ) :ite sauce4 ,if left to get cold !y c be slic$ & fri$ 9 butt] to make a good side di%4 ,,sea ,,kale ,crambe m>itima ,_m p]sons pref] ,sea ,kale to ,asp>agus1 b ! two diff] s widely 9 flav\r & g5]al "* t no comp>ison betwe5 !m is possible4 ,on two po9ts1 h[ev]1 ! advantage c]ta9ly re/s ) ,sea ,kale4 ,x c be m easily gr[n1 &1 reg>d$ solely z an article ( food1 x is ! m pr(itable crop4 ,?is comp>ison has !re=e a practical be>+4 ,9 =m+ a new g>d51 & 9 cases :]e x may n be possible to gr[ bo? ^! escul5ts satisfactorily1 ,sea ,kale %\ld h att5tion fir/1 z a ?+ t w require b a small inve/m5t1 & t w surely pay its way1 ) quick returns1 to ! g5]al advantage ( ! h\sehold4 ,outdoor ,culture4--,sea ,kale requires /rong gr\nd1 fully expos$ to ! sun1 & enri*$ ) any good manure1 t f ! /able be+ und\bt$ly ! be/4 ,! mo/ satisfactory way to beg9 is ) well-gr[n roots1 z !y make a return at once ) ! lea/ imag9able tr\ble4 ,let ! gr\nd be well dug two spits deep1 & put a coat ( manure betwe52 or if x is a good sub/antial loam1 plant )\t manure1 & ! results w be excell5t4 ,z ! ?riv+ plant cov]s a consid]able space1 & !re mu/ be a c]ta9 am\nt ( traffic on ! gr\nd to manage x1 !re %\ld be "o r[ 9 ! c5tre ( a f\r-feet b$1 ) a broad alley on "o side2 or1 bett] /ill1 m>k out a t5-feet space1 ) a ?ree-feet alley on ea* side1 & 9 ?is space plant ?ree r[s two & a half feet ap>t1 & ! roots "o & a half to two feet ap>t4 ,! plant+ may be done at any "t aft] ! leaves h fall51 late 9 autumn1 & dur+ w9t] & e>ly spr+4 ,on w>m1 dry gr\nd1 w9t] plant+ answ]s p]fectly1 & enables ! g>d5] to complete ! task1 = !re is always en\gh to d 9 ! spr+ mon?s4 ,b on damp gr\nd & 9 expos$ situations ! be/ "t to plant is ! mon? ( ,m>*4 ,put d[n ! l9e1 & op5 a tr5* "o foot deep2 plant ! roots ) _! cr[ns two in*es bel[ ! surface1 fill+ 9 & tread+ firmly z ea* tr5* is plant$4 ,! precaution may be tak5 to p>e (f all ! po9t$ prom95t buds on ea* cr[n1 z ?is w prev5t ! rise ( fl[]-/ems2 b if ?is is neglect$1 ! cultivator mu/ take c>e to cut out all ! fl[]+-%oots t appe>1 = ! production ( fl[]s w prove detrim5tal to ! crop ( ,sea ,kale 9 ! foll[+ season4 ,our cu/om1 :5 a plantation has be5 ?us made1 is to gr[ ano!r crop ) x ! fir/ season4 ,! gr\nd betwe5 ! r[s is m>k$ out 9 n>r[ /rips1 & lightly =k$ ov]1 & if a coat ( rott5 manure c be sp>$ x is prick$ 91 & a neat se$-b$ is made ( e /rip1 eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r in*es wide4 ,on ?is prep>$ b$ s[ ,onions1 ,lettuces1 & o!r light crops1 & z ! ,sea ,kale advances take c>e to remove :atev] w\ld int]f]e ) _! expansion1 = ! /ol5 crop %\ld n /& 9 ! way ( t int5d$ = p]man5t occupation4 ,a crop ( e>ly ,caulifl[]1 small ,cabbage1 or ev5 ,potatoes1 may be tak51 9 :i* case !re w be room = only "o r[ alt]nately ) ea* r[ ( ,kale1 & p]haps "o r[ also 9 ! alleys4 ,! gr[? ( ! ,kale %\ld be promot$ by all legitimate means1 & 9 high summ] x w take wat]1 liquid manure1 & mul*+s ( ri* /uff1 to almo/ any ext5t1 ) advantage4 ,! irrigation t suits ! ,kale w probably also suit ! /ol5 crop1 b irrigation is n good = ,onions or ,potatoes2 :]e ^! crops are gr[n c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to be/[ ! fluid on ! ,sea ,kale only4 ,z ! leaves decay 9 autumn !y %\ld be remov$1 & ! gr\nd kept ?or\ghly clean4 ,:5 f9ally clean$ up1 let x be =k$ ov]1 b ) c>e n to put ! tool too ne> ! plants2 & if manure is pl5tiful1 lay d[n a coat = a f9i%1 or =k x 9 at ! g5]al cle> up4 ,!re %\ld n[ comm5ce a sy/ematic sav+ ( clean leaves4 ,m]e vegetable rubbi% is n to be ?\ght (4 ,proce$ to cov] ! gr\nd ) leaves 9 heaps or ridges suffici5t to make a coat f9ally ( ab\t "o foot deep1 or say n9e in*es at ! v lea/4 ,if !re is any /ore ( r\gh plank+ on ! premises1 let ! planks be laid on ! ridges ( leaves on :i*ev] side ! prevail+ w9d may be4 ,?is w prev5t ! leaves be+ bl[n away1 & ! planks w be h&y = ! next /age 9 ! bus9ess4 ,at ! turn ( ! ye> put ! planks on edge by driv+ po/s d[n 9 any r\gh way t w hold !m firmly = a brief season1 & !n spread ! leaves equally4 ,if !re are n suffici5t leaves to cov] ! b$ = ! requisite ?ickness1 raise a good heap ov] ea* cr[n1 & spr9kle a little e>? to keep ! heap toge!r4 ,b a bett] mode ( proc$ure is to h a suffici5cy ( ,sea ,kale pots ) movable cov]s1 or 9 place ( ^! l>ge fl[]-pots1 or old boxes4 ,put ^! ov] ! cr[ns1 & !n heap ! leaves ov] & ar\nd1 & ! prelim9>ies are complet$4 ,a v e>ly gr[? w be ! result1 & ! quality w be f9] ?an t ( =c$ ,sea ,kale4 ,uncov] occasionally to see h[ ! crop goes on1 rememb]+ t p]fect d>kness is ne$$ to blan* x completely1 & to produce a plump & delicate sample4 ,cut close ov]1 tak+ a small portion ( ! woody "p ( ! cr[n1 & :5 all ! gr[? ( a cr[n is tak51 remove ! pot or box1 b leave a ?9 coat ( leaves on ! cut cr[n to protect x1 z at ! "t ( cutt+ ,sea ,kale ke5 ea/ w9ds are preval5t1 & x is unfair to ! plants to expose !m sudd5ly4 ,:5 ! crop has be5 tak51 remove ! leaves & ! planks1 & dig 9 betwe5 ! r[s a ?ick coat ( fat manure4 ,! gr[? w be too /rong n[ = a /ol5 crop1 & w s cont9ue = _m ye>s4 ,aft] ! crop has be5 secur$1 ea* cr[n w ?r[ out a numb] ( buds or %oots4 ,^! %\ld all be remov$ except two or ?ree ( ! /ronge/1 :i* w =m ! cr[ns = cutt+ 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,at ! same "t take away any small blan*$ %oots t may h be5 left because !y 7 too small or insignificant = table use4 ,?is proce$+ w prev5t ! production ( fl[]-/ems1 :i* is injuri\s to ! plant1 & !re nev] ne$ be any fe> t ! crop w be dim9i%$1 because pl5ty ( buds ar\nd ! cr[ns1 t d n %[ !mselves 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 w come =w>d 9 due "t4 ,=c+4--,x is s easy to =ce ,sea ,kale t ! cultivator may safely be left to 8 own devices4 ,b x w be well1 p]haps1 to say t p]fect d>kness is requisite1 & ! temp]ature %\ld n exce$ #fj at any "t1 ?is be+ ! maximum figure4 ,a rise above #fj w produce a ?9 or wiry sample4 ,x is suffici5t to beg9 ) a temp]ature ( #de1 & to rise no high] ?an #ee1 to insure a really cr$itable gr[?4 ,! m>ket gr[]s are n v p>ticul> z to temp]ature1 b !n !y d n eat ! crop1 or "k mu* ( x aft] x has left _! h&s4 ,) ! g>d5] 9 a dome/ic e/abli%m5t ! case is diff]5t2 & we v5ture to advise "y m5--to :om book advice is (t5 valuable z entail+ no obligations--t ,sea ,kale sl[ly =c$ may be ne>ly z good z t gr[n "u pots 9 ! op5 )\t any heat at all2 bett] x _c be4 ,any sp>e pits or odd places may be made use ( = ?is crop1 provid$ only t ! heat is n too great4 ,pack ! roots 9 m\ld or leaves1 or ev5 half-rott5 manure1 & %ut !m up to exclude light1 & ! crop w be ready 9 five or six weeks1 unless =c+ is comm5c$ v e>ly1 9 :i* case sev5 weeks at lea/ mu/ be all[$ f ! "t ( plant+ to t ( ! fir/ cutt+4 ,roots t h be5 lift$ = =c+ %\ld be ?r[n away :5 ! crop has be5 secur$1 b roots =c$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd suff] s little by ! process t !y may be =c$ = sev]al ye>s 9 succession ere x becomes necess>y to r5ew ! plantation1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t ! "w is well done4 ,! outdoor =c+ is accompli%$ 9 ! way describ$ = gr[+ ! crop1 ) ! aid ( leaves only1 b ) c]ta9 diff]5ces4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to let ! plants feel ! cold1 b at ! same "t to prev5t ! gr\nd becom+ froz54 ,a t\* ( fro/ w r5d] !m m ready to gr[ :5 ! cultivator br+s 8 p]suasions to be> by heap+ hot manure ov] ! pots1 & cov]+ ! b$ ) a ?ick coat ( ! same4 ,?is is all t c be done1 b x is suffici5t4 ,9 cases :]e leaves & o!r suitable mat]ials are n available1 good ,sea ,kale may be gr[n by simply rais+ ov] ea* cr[n a heap ( s& or sift$ coal a%es1 provid$ "s clean mat]ial be int]pos$ to keep ! s& or a%es f actual contact ) ! plant4 ,:5 ?is heap beg9s to crack at ! top x w be wor? :ile to exam9e x at ! bottom1 :5 !re w be f\nd a f9e head ( blan*$ ,sea ,kale1 & ! m\nd w h s]v$ its purpose4 ,to gr[ ,sea ,kale f se$ is a simple matt] en\gh1 b !re is a loss ( a ye> z comp>$ ) gr[+ x f roots4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be ri* & well work$1 & ! se$ s[n 9 ,m>* or ,april 9 drills "o foot asund] if = plant+ out1 or 9 pat*es ab\t two & a half feet ap>t ea* way if to rema94 ,x is believ$ by _m t ,sea ,kale %\ld /& :]e s[n1 & we admit t analogies are 9 fav\r ( ! proposal4 ,b e ye> su* f9e produce is obta9$ f transplant$ roots t we h n ! c\rage to condemn a c\rse ( proc$ure :i* may n be !oretically correct4 ,! fact is1 ! root is t\gh & endur+1 & suff]s b little by mod]ate exposure to ! atmosph]e if h&l$ 9 a reasonable mann]4 ,b to return to ! se$s3 !y spr\t quickly1 &1 soon aft]1 ! plants make rapid progress4 ,let !m h lib]al culture1 keep !m scrupul\sly clean1 & ?9 9 good "t4 ,if q conv5i5t1 give a light spr9kl+ ( salt occasionally 9 ! summ]3 !y w enjoy x1 & ! leaves w n be injur$ 9 ! lea/4 ,,%allot ,allium ascalonicum ,! old-fa%ion$ mode ( culture is to plant on ! %orte/1 & lift ! crop on ! longe/1 day2 b t is only applicable to ! mild] p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,z a rule1 spr+ is ! be/ "t = plant+1 & x %\ld be done z e>ly z ! gr\nd c be got into work+ ord]--c]ta9ly n lat] ?an ! middle ( ,april4 ,! soil %\ld be 9 a friable condition1 & x mu/ be trodd5 firmly1 aft] ! mann] usual = an ,onion b$4 ,m]ely press ! bulbs into ! soil to keep !m 9 position1 & put !m 9 r[s "o foot ap>t1 & n9e in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,!y %\ld n be e>!d up1 b1 on ! contr>y1 :5 approa*+ maturity ! soil %\ld be drawn away s z to expose ! bulbs1 = ?is facilitates ! rip5+ process4 ,to /ore ! roots = any l5g? ( "t x w be necess>y to h !m well rip5$1 & ?is po9t dem&s consid]ation4 ,if dry wea!r c\ld be insur$ = h>ve/+ ! crop1 x might be all[$ to f9i% 9 ! gr\nd2 b z ?is _c be reli$ on1 x is a wise precaution to lift ! crop on "s suitable opportunity be=e x is q ready1 & all[ ! rip5+ to be complet$ 9 a protect$ airy place4 ,,sp9a* ,sp9acia ol]acea ,sp9a* plays an important "p 9 ! economy ( ! d9n] table4 ,!re are un=tunate be+s :o _c eat x1 = !y describe x z bitt]1 sooty1 & nause\s4 ,probably an equal numb] ( p]sons ent]ta9 a v high op9ion z to its value4 ,! re/ ( mank9d proclaim x a :olesome1 sav\ry1 & acceptable vegetable4 ,sp9a* w gr[ any:]e & anyh[2 b "s little managem5t is ne$$ to keep up a con/ant supply ( l>ge1 d>k gre5 leaves1 t :5 prop]ly cook$ w be ri* 9 flav\r z ! result ( good cultivation4 ,to produce fir/-class ,sp9a* a well-till$ ri* loam is ne$$1 b a capital sample may be gr[n on clay t has be5 "s "t 9 cultivation4 ,summ] ,sp9a*4--,! e>ly s[+s ( ,r\nd or ,summ] ,sp9a* %\ld be 9 a %elt]$ situation1 b n directly %ad$4 ,s[ 9 drills twelve to fifte5 in*es ap>t1 & "o in* deep1 beg9n+ 9 ,janu>y1 al?\gh ! fir/ s[+ may fail1 & cont9ue to s[ ab\t e =tnight until ! middle ( ,may4 ,! e>lie/ s[+ %\ld be on dry gr\nd1 b ! lat] s[+s w d well on damp soil ) a little %ade f ! midday sun4 ,x is important to ?9 ! crop e>ly1 z x %\ld n be 9 ! lea/ drawn4 ,?is is ! only ess5tial po9t 9 secur+ a f9e gr[?1 = if ! plant _c spread f ! beg9n+ x w nev] become luxuriant1 & w soon run up to se$4 ,?9 at fir/ to six in*es1 & if l>ge en\gh = use1 s5d ! ?9n+s into ! h\se4 ,be=e ! leaves ov]lap ?9 f9ally to twelve in*es4 ,e plant w cov] ! space1 & x w suffice to take ! l>ge/ leaves1 two or ?ree only f ea* plant1 & ?us a basket may be fill$ 9 a few m9utes ) really f9e ,sp9a*4 ,z ! heat ( ! summ] increases1 ! crop w be incl9$ to bolt4 ,! />v$ plant w bolt fir/2 ! plant 9 ri* moi/ soil1 ) pl5ty ( room to spread1 w be m leisurely ab\t x1 & w give "t = ! production ( a succession crop to take its place4 ,! s[+s f ,may to ,july %\ld be small & num]\s1 & on ri* moi/ l&1 to be aid$1 if ne$ful1 ) wat]4 ,9 _m g>d5s !re is a suffici5t v>iety ( vegetables aft] ! middle ( ,june to r5d] x unnecess>y to keep up ! supplies ( ,sp9a*1 & x is be/ to disp5se ) x1 if possible1 dur+ ,july & ,augu/4 ,w9t] ,sp9a*4--,! s[+ ( ,w9t] ,sp9a* %\ld comm5ce 9 ,july1 & be cont9u$ until ! end ( ,septemb]1 subject to ! capabilities ( ! place4 ,9 g>d5s ne> t[ns1 :]e ! l& is at all heavy1 x is g5]ally useless to s[ aft] ,augu/1 z ! autumnal fogs are likely to de/roy a plant t is only j out ( ! se$-leaf4 ,b 9 fav\r$ localities1 ) a w>m soil & a s(t air1 se$ may be s[n up to ! v end ( ! ye> ) b little risk ( loss4 ,! w9t] crops are sometimes s[n broadca/1 b drill+ is to be pref]r$1 & ! r[s may be twelve to fifte5 in*es ap>t4 ,?9 at fir/ to ?ree in*es1 & aft]w>ds to six in*es1 & leave !m at ?is di/ance1 = ,w9t] ,sp9a* may be a little cr[d$ ) advantage1 because ! wea!r & ! black bot w n[ & !n remove a plant4 ,%\ld gr\nd v]m9 claim att5tion1 ! be/ way to proce$ w be to scrat* %all[ furr[s v ne> ! plants1 tak+ c>e n to injure !m4 ,?is may be done ) ! hoe1 b if "t c be sp>$ x w be bett] to d x ) a %ort po9t$ /ick1 hav+ at h&1 z ! "w progresses1 a vessel into :i* to ?r[ ! grubs z !y come to light :5 ! e>? is di/urb$4 ,:]e small birds are 9 suffici5t numb]s1 !y w obs]ve ! di/urbance ( ! e>?1 & dilig5tly se>* = ! grubs at h\rs :5 ! cultivator is no long] on ! se>* himself4 ,! ,july s[+s w be useful 9 ! autumn & ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 z ! wea!r may det]m9e2 ! lat] s[+s w be useful 9 spr+4 ,plants may be drawn :]e !y c be sp>$ to make room = ! rema9d]1 b leaves only %\ld be tak5 :5 ! plant is l>ge en\gh to supply !m4 ,:5 symptoms ( bolt+ become visible 9 ! spr+1 cut ! plants ov] at ! coll>1 & at once prep>e ! gr\nd = ano!r crop4 ,new ,zeal& ,sp9a* 7,tetragonia expansa74--,g>d5]s are only too well acqua9t$ ) ! difficulty ( ma9ta9+ an unbrok5 supply ( true ,sp9a* dur+ ! burn+ summ] mon?s4 ,b ! wea!r :i* makes x almo/ impossible to produce a satisfactory crop ( ,sp9acia ol]acea br+s ,new ,zeal& ,sp9a* to p]fection4 ,! latt] is priz$ by "s p]sons because x lacks ! peculi> bitt]ness ( ! =m]4 ,! plant is r t5d]1 & !re=e to obta9 an e>ly supply ! se$ mu/ be rais$ 9 heat4 ,x may be s[n 9 pots or pans at ! end ( ,m>* or beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,transf] ! se$l+s to small pots imm$iately !y are l>ge en\gh1 & gradually h>d5 9 prep>ation = removal to ! op5 gr\nd t[>ds ! end ( ,may4 ,!y %\ld be put into light soil 9 a sunny position1 & be all[$ ?ree or f\r feet ap>t ea* way4 ,x is n unusual to gr[ !m on a heap ( disc>d$ pott+ soil1 :]e !y c ramble )\t re/ra9t4 ,! gr[? is rapid1 & !re mu/ be no /9t ( wat] 9 dry wea!r4 ,9 five or six weeks ! fir/ lot ( t5d] %oots w be ready = p9*+ (f4 ,^? :o d n c>e to incur tr\ble "u glass may s[ 9 ! op5 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,may1 & ?9 ! plants to ! di/ance nam$4 ,p]petual ,sp9a*1 or ,sp9a* ,beet 7,beta ,cicla74--,a valuable plant = produc+ a regul> supply ( leaves :i* make an excell5t ,sp9a* at a p]iod ( ! ye> :5 ! ord9>y ,summ] ,sp9a* is pa/ its prime4 ,al?\gh x is a true ,beet1 ! roots are wor?less1 & !re %\ld be lib]al treatm5t to insure an abundant gr[? ( leaves4 ,se$ may be s[n f ,m>* to ! end ( ,july or beg9n+ ( ,augu/1 9 r[s "o foot ap>t4 ,?9 ! plants to a di/ance ( six or eight in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,:5 ! leaves are ready = ga!r+1 !y mu/ be remov$1 :e!r want$ or n1 to promote cont9u\s gr[?4 ,ora*e is frequ5tly us$ z a sub/itute = ,sp9a* :]e ! ord9>y v>iety fails4 ,se$ %\ld be s[n dur+ ! spr+ mon?s1 & z ! plant frequ5tly atta9s a height ( five feet all[ a di/ance ( at lea/ ?ree feet 9 ea* direction = developm5t4 ,r$ ,ora*e is useful = gr[+ 9 ornam5tal bord]s1 b x is n s suitable = cul9>y purposes z ! :ite v>iety4 ,! leaves only are eat54 ,,/a*ys ,,tub]if]a ,?is vegetable is commonly kn[n z ! ,*9ese ,arti*oke1 & f ! peculi> =m x is also call$ ,spirals4 ,a wide diff]5ce ( op9ion exi/s z to its value1 b 9 its fav\r ! fact may be /at$ t tub]s are (t5 exhibit$ 9 ! f9e/ collections ( vegetables /ag$ = competition4 ,! "t = plant+ is e>ly spr+1 9 r[s eighte5 in*es ap>t1 all[+ a di/ance ( n9e in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,! prop] dep? is f\r in*es4 ,! roots are q h>dy & ! crop gives no tr\ble4 ,aft] plant+ x is only necess>y to keep ! plot free f we$s4 ,! tub]s d n mature until late 9 autumn1 & z f> z possible x is advisable to lift !m :5 !y are want$4 ,%\ld x be necess>y = any reason to cle> ! gr\nd1 ! ,/a*ys mu/ be cov]$ ) soil4 ,:5 expos$ to light & air !y soon become discol\r$ & are !n unfit = cook+4 ,x is usual to boil !m 9 ! same mann] z ,potatoes1 b ! f9i% mu/ be by /eam alone4 ,an agreeable v>iation consi/s 9 fry+ ! boil$ roots ) butt] until slightly br[n1 :5 ! di% is consid]$ by _m connoisseurs to be v delici\s & suitable = s]v+ ) p\ltry or jo9t4 ,,/rawb]ry ,frag>ia ,probably ! fir/ ?\ght w be t ! ,/rawb]ry is a fruit1 & t ! consid]ation ( its treatm5t is out ( place 9 a s]ies ( articles on ! culture ( vegetables4 ,! answ] is t ! plant =ms an ess5tial feature 9 e good ,kit*5 ,g>d51 & ! g5]al r\t9e ( "w has to be arrang$ ) due reg>d to ?is crop1 s t we ne$ make no apology = allud+ to x "h4 ,:5 to ,plant4--,! ,/rawb]ry is ! mo/ c]ta9 ( all our h>dy fruits1 & is mu* valu$ bo? = eat+ fre% z a summ] luxury & z a pres]ve = w9t] use4 ,al?\gh x des]ves ! be/ ( cultivation1 its dem&s are few1 = "u ! poore/ sy/em ( managem5t x is (t5 extremely prolific1 & n unseldom ! mo/ pr(itable crop 9 ! g>d54 ,we h *oice ( se$s1 divisions1 & runn]s 9 mak+ a plantation ( ,/rawb]ries4 ,! univ]sal way is ! be/ way1 & x consi/s 9 plant+ root$ runn]s ( nam$ sorts 9 an op5 sunny spot 9 well-prep>$ gr\nd any "t dur+ spr+ or autumn1 :5 fre% & good runn]s are obta9able2 b late plant+ is undesirable1 = :5 ! plants h n "t to e/abli% !mselves be=e w9t] sets 9 _m are lo/4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! plant+ _c be accompli%$ at ! late/ by ! beg9n+ ( ,octob]1 x is bett] to def] ! task until ! spr+4 ,plants put 9 at ! latt] "t %\ld h ! fl[]-/ems remov$1 & w !n yield a heavy crop 9 ! succe$+ season4 ,treatm5t ( ,soil4--,! be/ soil = ,/rawb]ries is a ri*1 moi/1 s&y loam1 b a heavy soil w answ] p]fectly if x is well prep>$4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be tr5*$ & lib]ally enri*$ ) rott5 manure plac$ betwe5 ! top & bottom spits1 :]e ! plants w rea* x :5 !y are mo/ 9 ne$4 ,9 a new soil t is r /iff x w be advisable1 :5 ! tr5*+ has be5 complet$1 to put d[n ! l9e & cut %all[ tr5*es1 :i* %\ld be fill$ ) any r f9e k9dly /uff t may be at h&1 su* z old hot-b$ soil1 leaf-m\ld1 or a mixture ( mat]ial turn$ out ( pots1 ) "s good decay$ manure4 ,9 ?is ! "y plants w root freely & quickly )\t becom+ gross1 = !y %\ld atta9 a c]ta9 degree ( vig\r2 b an excessive leaf gr[? may result 9 losses dur+ w9t]1 & a small crop ( fruit 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,well-cultivat$ soils ne$ no su* special prep>ation1 b 9 any case a good digg+ & a lib]al manur+ are absolutely necess>y4 ,& "h x may be well to /ate t aft] ! plants h obta9$ a firm hold on ! soil x matt]s n h[ h>d ! gr\nd becomes4 ,! practice ( "s gr[]s 9 runn+ a pl\gh lightly betwe5 ! r[s ei!r = a mul*1 or to give ! plants ! full b5efit ( ra91 does n 9 ! lea/ degree upset ?is conclusion1 = ?is only creates a loose & friable surface1 & ! op]ation is s manag$ t ! soil ne> ! roots rema9s undi/urb$4 ,x may be accept$ z a secret ( successful ,/rawb]ry culture t ! b$ %\ld be firm & compact1 &1 9 =c+1 ?is pr9ciple is s f> recognis$ t ! soil is positively ramm$ into ! pots4 ,me?od ( ,plant+4--,if ,/rawb]ry plants come to h& some:at dry1 unpack !m quickly1 & spread !m 9 small lots 9 a cool %ady place1 & spr9kle lightly ) wat] to refre% !m4 ,a deluge ( wat] is n ne$$1 & 9 fact w d h>m1 b en\gh to moi/5 !m w put !m 9 a condition to beg9 gr[+ z soon z !y are prop]ly locat$4 ,9 plant+1 a little extra c>e 9 ! disposition ( ! roots 9 ! soil w be well repaid1 = plants m]ely ?ru/ into ! gr\nd _c develop t robu/ root gr[? on :i* ! future ( ! crop l>gely dep5ds4 ,:5 prep>+ ! positions x is an excell5t plan to build 9 ! c5tre ( ea* excavation a m\nd ( e>? ov] :i* to spread ! fibr\s roots4 ,!n return ! soil & firmly tread d[n4 ,z a f9i% give ea* plant a copi\s wat]+4 ,on no acc\nt %\ld ! plant be deeply buri$1 b ! cr[n %\ld be left j cle> ( ! surface level4 ,! di/ances 9 plant+ w h to be det]m9$ by ! relative vig\r ( ! v>ieties & ! nature ( ! gr\nd4 ,z a rule ! r[s %\ld be two feet ap>t1 & ! plants eighte5 in*es 9 ! r[s1 b "s v>ieties require fully two & a half feet betwe5 ! r[s4 ,x is good practice to leave a ?ree-feet space betwe5 e two r[s = necess>y traffic4 ,a modification ( ! plan consi/s 9 plant+ a foot ap>t ea* way2 & imm$iately ! fir/ crop ( fruit is (f e alt]nate r[ is remov$1 & !n e alt]nate plant 9 ea* r[ is also tak5 out4 ,?is places ! rema9d] at two feet e way4 ,! gr\nd is !n lightly =k$ & a heavy coat ( manure put on4 ,! g5]al managem5t comprises keep+ d[n we$s1 supply+ wat] abundantly 9 dry wea!r1 especially :5 ! b]ries are swell+1 & remov+ runn]s z fa/ z !y appe>1 = to all[ !m to get ahead is mo/ injuri\s1 & any s]i\s neglect ( ?is rule is likely to ru9 ! plantation4 ,! ,/rawb]ry plant makes no prop] return on a dry lumpy soil4 ,l>ge plantations t _c be wat]$ mu/ be aid$ 9 ! height ( ! season by cov]+ ! gr\nd ) any light mat]ial :i* w prev5t evaporation4 ,z to obta9+ runn]s1 t is easy en\gh1 b !re is a good way & a bad way4 ,to all[ !m to spread & root promiscu\sly is ! bad way2 x injures ! plants1 makes ! b$ disord]ly1 & does n produce good runn]s4 ,at ! "t :5 runn]s beg9 to pu%1 dig & manure ! surr\nd+ spaces1 & all[ a c]ta9 numb] ( runn]s to come out f ea* side ( ! r[s4 ,z !y approa* maturity & are dispos$ to make roots1 lay tiles or /ones ^u ! runn]s ne> to ! "y plants to fav\r ! process1 b a neat] way w be to peg !m d[n4 ,or !y may be fix$ by %ort pegs 9 small pots1 fill$ ) light ri* e>? & plung$ 9 ! soil4 ,to keep ! crop clean _m plans are adopt$1 & ! plant probably takes its "n f ! old cu/om ( cov]+ ! gr\nd ) /raw = ! purpose4 ,! cultivator mu/ be left to 8 own devices1 because ( ! difficulty 9 _m places ( obta9+ suitable mat]ial4 ,b we mu/ w>n ! beg9n] 9 ,/rawb]ry culture aga9/ grass m[+s z m or less objectionable4 ,!y sometimes answ] p]fectly1 & at o!r times !y enc\rage slugs & snails to spoil ! crop1 & if p>tially rott$ by wet wea!r communicate to ! fruit a bad flav\r4 ,!re is a v simple means ( fe$+ ! crop & mak+ a clean b$ = ! fruit4 ,x consi/s 9 putt+ on a good coat ( long1 /rong manure 9 ,febru>y1 & 9 do+ ?is x is no great h>m if ! plants are 9 "s degree cov]$4 ,!y w soon pu% up & %[ !mselves1 & by ! "t ! fruit appe>s ! /raw w be wa%$ clean1 & ! crop be+ ?us aid$ w be a great "o1 wea!r p]mitt+4 ,z reg>ds cutt+ (f ! leaves1 we advise ! removal ( old l>ge leaves z soon z ! crop is ga!r$4 ,b ?is %\ld be done ) a knife2 to use a scy! among/ ,/rawb]ries is to ru9 ! plantation4 ,! object ( remov+ old leaves is to admit light & air to ! "y leaves1 = on ! free gr[? ( ^! ! =mation ( good cr[ns = ! next ye>'s use dep5ds4 ,by enc\rag+ ! "y leaves to gr[1 root action is promot$1 & ! embryo buds are =m$ t w1 9 ! next summ]1 develop into ,/rawb]ries4 ,"s g>d5]s recomm5d ! removal ( ! ,/rawb]ry plantation e ?ree ye>s4 ,x is a bett] plan to make a small plantation annually1 & at ! same "t de/roy an old plantation t has s]v$ its turn4 ,b we are b\nd to say t ,/rawb]ry plantations1 well made & well kept1 w (t5 la/ & prove pr(itable = six or ev5 m ye>s4 ,b ?is w nev] be ! case :]e !re is a /9t ( manure or wat]1 or :]e ! runn]s are all[$ to run 9 _! own way to make a ,/rawb]ry mat & a jam ( ! wrong sort4 ,! ,/rawb]ry fanci] does n wi% to keep a plantation any great l5g? ( "t1 & he mu/ plant annually to ta/e ! new sorts4 ,?is to _m p is "o ( ! *ief delights ( ! g>d51 & x c]ta9ly has its attractions4 ,=c$ ,/rawb]ries4--,! high price realis$ on ! m>ket = ! e>lie/ supply ( =c$ ,/rawb]ries is a suffici5t pro( t society is prep>$ to pay h&somely = ?is refre%+ luxury4 ,z ! season advances & competition becomes ke5 ! figure rapidly decl9es1 b #8,/rawb]ries at a gu9ea an ounce' has m ?an once appe>$ z a s5sational head-l9e 9 ! daily press4 ,! fruit+ ( ,/rawb]ries 9 pots is "p ( ! annual r\t9e ( ne>ly all l>ge e/abli%m5ts1 b ev5 ) ! mo/ p]fect appliances x mu/ be admitt$ t to produce b]ries :i* w9 appreciation = _! size1 col\r1 & flav\r dem&s bo? skill & pati5ce1 especially pati5ce4 ,/rong well-root$ plants are ess5tial to success1 & no tr\ble %\ld be sp>$ to secure !m f robu/ free-fruit+ /ocks4 ,! e>lie/ runn]s mu/ ei!r be lay]$ on squ>e pieces ( mell[ turf or ov] ?umb pots fill$ ) a good ri* compo/4 ,:5 ! runn]s are fairly root$ 9 ! lay]s ( turf or ! ?umb pots !y %\ld be transf]r$ to pots ( ! fruit+ size4 ,no4 #cb is g5]ally us$ = ! purpose4 ,aft] ! pots h be5 crock$ "s gr[]s add a lay] ( half-in* bones1 :i* aid ! plants & insure free dra9age4 ,! mo/ satisfactory soil is a ri* fibr\s loam1 ) ! addition ( "o-f\r? ( well-rott$ manure & a small proportion ( s&1 & ! compo/ mu/ be well firm$ into ! pots ) ! ramm+ /ick4 ,! be/ place to keep ! plants is an op5 airy situation1 easily accessible1 :]e ! pots c /& on a b$ ( a%es4 ,on ! approa* ( fro/ !y c be transf]r$ to a cold frame1 keep+ !m close to ! glass1 or !y may be plung$ 9 a%es 9 "s %elt]$ position4 ,:5 ! "t arrives = =c+1 x is usual to comm5ce by plung+ ! pots 9 a b$ ( w>m leaves or 9 a mild half-sp5t hot-b$4 ,imm$iately ! plants %[ sign ( bloom+ !y mu/ be %ift$ to w>m] qu>t]s4 ,a %elf at ! back ( an e>ly v9]y or ,pea*-h\se1 q ne> ! glass1 is a suitable position4 ,! temp]ature at />t+ %\ld be #ee ,fahr41 ris+ gradually to #fj by ! "t ! leafage is ?or\ghly develop$4 ,! appe>ance ( ! fl[] trusses is a critical p]iod4 ,liquid manure %\ld !n be giv5 freely1 & at ! same "t ! plants mu/ h abundance ( light & a w>m dry atmosph]e4 ,! blossoms ne$ to be artificially f]tilis$ ) a camel's-hair p5cil1 *oos+ midday z ! be/ "t = ?is op]ation4 ,:5 ! crop has set x mu/ be ?9n$ to ab\t n9e b]ries on ea* plant1 & 9 due "t ! fruits %\ld h ! support ( =k$ /icks4 ,c>e w be necess>y to prev5t injury to ! /alks1 or ! fl[ ( sap to ! b]ries may be arre/$4 ,syr+e twice a day 9 dry wea!r2 & on ! fir/ %[ ( col\r discont9ue ! manure-wat] & use pure s(t wat] only4 ,at ?is /age a night temp]ature ( #fe mu/ be ma9ta9$1 giv+ all ! air & light possible4 ,m failures 9 ! pot culture ( ,/rawb]ries are attributable to neglect 9 wat]+ ?an to any o!r cause4 ,! soil mu/ nev] be all[$ to become dry4 ,%\ld ! leaves once droop !y seldom recov]4 ,at lea/ twice a day ! plants w ne$ att5tion1 & x is important t ! wat] %\ld be ( ! same temp]ature z ! atmosph]e4 ,always leave ! cans full 9 read9ess = ! next visit4 ,alp9e ,/rawb]ries are v l>gely gr[n 9 ,france1 probably m s ?an ! l>ge-fruit$ v>ieties :i* are popul> 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! be/ me?od is to s[ ! se$s 9 ,janu>y1 9 pans fill$ ) a light ri* compo/ & plac$ 9 a g5tle heat4 ,prick out ! plants on to a b$ ( light soil 9 a frame1 or on a ne>ly exhau/$ hot-b$1 :5ce !y %\ld be tak5 to ! op5 gr\nd4 ,f ^! s[+s f9e fruits may usually be ga!r$ 9 ! foll[+ ,septemb]4 ,se$s may also be s[n outdoors 9 spr+ or 9 ,septemb] 9 %all[ drills1 six in*es ap>t1 on a b$ ( light soil4 ,transplant 9 due c\rse = fruit+ 9 ! succe$+ ,/rawb]ry season4 ,:5 a full crop has be5 ga!r$ ! plants %\ld be de/roy$1 a succession be+ kept up by s[+ annually4 ,by sl[ly gr[+ ! plants f spr+-s[n se$s & pott+ 9 autumn1 x is n a difficult matt] to h ,alp9es 9 fruit "u glass at ,*ri/mas4 ,,sunfl[] ,helian?us annuus ,al?\gh ! ,sunfl[] is n utilis$ z food = man1 ! plant is frequ5tly gr[n 9 ! ,kit*5 ,g>d51 p>tly z an ornam5t1 & also = ! production ( se$s :i* are giv5 to p\ltry4 ,z reg>ds cultivation1 s[ 9 pans 9 ,april1 & put on a g5tle hot-b$1 or %ut up close 9 a sunny frame4 ,! plants w soon appe>4 ,give !m light & air1 & plant out :5 !y are two or ?ree in*es high4 ,b ,sunfl[]s c be gr[n )\t any k9d ( artificial aid4 ,a simple & effectual me?od is to make ! spot int5d$ = !m v ri*1 & dibble ! se$ an in* deep on ! fir/ day ( ,may4 ,,tomato ,lycop]sicum escul5tum ,! ta/e = ,tomatoes (t5 beg9s ) a little antipa?y1 b x is soon acquir$1 & n infrequ5tly develops into decid$ fondness = ! fruit bo? cook$ & 9 its natural condition4 ,z a necess>y article ( food ! call = x 9 ?is c\ntry is no long] limit$ to a select circle ( epicures1 = ! value ( its refre%+1 appetis+1 & corrective prop]ties is n[ widely recognis$1 & its advance 9 public fav\r has be5 accel]at$ by ! improv$ quality1 enhanc$ beauty1 & increas$ v>iety effect$ by exp]t rais]s4 ,! ,tomato is a t5d]1 b n a tropical plant1 & x requires a mod]ately high temp]ature1 free access ( air1 & above all a full flood ( sol> light to br+ x to p]fection4 ,! necess>y heat is easily manag$ 9 any g>d5 equipp$ ) ord9>y =c+ appliances2 s also is a curr5t ( air 9 prop]ly con/ruct$ build+s2 b ! defici5cy ( light dur+ ! d>k] mon?s r5d]s ! task ( produc+ fruit 9 midw9t] less easy ?an at o!r seasons4 ,by ! introduction ( v>ieties possess+ increas$ p[]s ( crop-sett+1 h[ev]1 ! difficulty ( w9t] fruit+ has be5 l>gely ov]come1 s t1 ) effici5t managem5t1 x is n[ possible to s5d ,tomatoes to table ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,almo/ e imag9able glass /ructure c be employ$ = gr[+ ,tomatoes1 f ! small suburban gre5h\se to ! va/ span-ro(1 hundr$s ( feet 9 l5g?1 devot$ to _! culture 9 ! ,*annel ,isl&s4 ,& x is n ess5tial t ! crop %\ld be gr[n alone4 ,potatoes1 ,fr5* ,beans1 ,/rawb]ries1 & ,v9es may be =c$ 9 ! same build+1 provid$ !re be no ob/ruction to light & air1 nor any int]f]5ce ) ! conditions :i* exp]i5ce has prov$ to be imp]ative = su/a9+ ! plants 9 vigor\s heal?4 ,= w9t] & spr+ ga!r+ !re mu/ be a s]vice ( hot-wat] pipes1 b z ! season advances x is easy to rip5 fruit 9 cool h\ses1 & lat] on plants outdoors w 9 fav\rable seasons yield an abundant return )\t artificial protection ( any k9d4 ,,indoor ,,culture--,s[+ & ,transplant+4--,se$ may be s[n at almo/ any "t ( ! ye>1 b ! mo/ important mon?s are ,janu>y to ,m>*1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,9 g>d5s fav\rably situat$ 9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl& & furni%$ ) ! mo/ p]fect appliances1 se$ is s[n 9 all ^! mon?s1 & 9 o!rs also2 b 9 small] g>d5s s[+s are g5]ally re/rict$ to ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,:5ev] a />t is made s[ ?9ly & ab\t half an in* deep1 9 pans or boxes1 & d n all[ ! se$l+s to rema9 9 !m = an unnecess>y day4 ,imm$iately two or at mo/ f\r leaves are =m$ ei!r prick (f into o!r pans or boxes1 or transf] s+ly to ?umb pots1 & z a rule ! pots w be f\nd pref]able4 ,! soil = ^! pans or pots %\ld be /or$ 9 ! gre5h\se a few days 9 advance ( ! transf]1 s t ! compo/ may acquire ! prop] temp]ature & save ! plants f an untimely *eck4 ,9 small h\ses place ! plants ne> ! glass t !y may rema9 %ort 9 ! jo9t1 b on cold nights !y mu/ be tak5 d[n to avoid injury f fluctuations ( temp]ature4 ,9 l>ge h\ses1 :]e ! light is well diffus$1 !re is no ne$ to incur ?is tr\ble1 = ! se$l+s w d equally well on ! gr\nd level4 ,9 due "t %ift into six-in* pots1 f :i* !y c g /raight to bord]s1 or into a l>g] size if !y are to be fruit$ 9 pots4 ,ab\t f\rte5 weeks w be requir$ to prep>e ! plants = bord]s 9 ! w9t] season1 b a %ort] p]iod w suffice 9 spr+ & summ]4 ,plants f an ,augu/ or ,septemb] s[+ w n mature fruit 9 mu* less ?an six mon?s1 :ile a ,m>* s[+ w yield a return 9 f\r mon?s or less4 ,a great deal dep5ds on ! "* ( ! season1 & m on skill & att5tion4 ,^? :o s[ 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y %\ld s[ aga9 a =tnight lat]1 & onw>ds until ! end ( ,april1 accord+ to requirem5ts4 ,= w9t] supplies a fir/ s[+ may be made 9 ,june1 9 a cold frame1 & prep>$ = transf] to fruit+ pots 9 ,septemb]4 ,treatm5t ( ,soil4--,9 ! fir/ in/ance !re ne$ be no anxiety ab\t soil4 ,any fairly good s&y loam w answ] = ! se$-pans1 & if too /iff x may be freely mix$ ) %>p s& or ! sift$ sweep+s f roads & gravel walks4 ,a fibr\s loam1 cut f a ri* pa/ure1 & laid up 9 a heap = twelve mon?s1 w1 ) an addition ( wood a%es & grit1 make an ideal soil = pots or bord]s4 ,z ! plants advance1 leaf-m\ld or ?or\ghly decay$ manure 9 mod]ate quantity %\ld be suppli$2 b1 in/ead ( incorporat+ x ) ! loam 9 ! usual way1 x w be f\nd advantage\s to place ! manure imm$iately above ! crocks1 & ! roots w f9d x at ! "r "t4 ,b ! quantity ( manure mu/ n be ov]done1 especially 9 ! e>li] /ages ( gr[?1 because excessive luxuriance nei!r promotes fruitfulness nor conduces to e>ly rip5+4 ,aft] ! fruit has set1 a mul* ( decay$ manure w aid ! plants 9 f9i%+ a heavy crop4 ,manure :i* is only p>tially f]m5t$ w n d at all4 ,! ammonia x lib]ates ex]ts s deadly a p[] t ! plants are quickly scor*$4 ,9 its dem& = pota% ! ,tomato closely resembles ! ,potato1 & ( ! two ! =m] is ! m exact+4 ,s quickly does ?is crop exhau/ ! soil1 t 9 small h\ses x is usual to take out ! e>? to a dep? ( fifte5 or eighte5 in*es e second or ?ird ye>1 & replace x ) virg9 loam4 ,o!rs gr[ ! ,tomatoes alt]nately 9 ! b$ & 9 pots1 b ?is is only a p>tial rem$y4 ,con/ant dress+s ( f>my>d or /able manure result 9 ! =mation ( humus1 :i*1 z x becomes s\r1 has to be sweet5$ by ! solv5t influ5ce ( lime4 ,! *ief objection to ! use ( /able manure1 h[ev]1 ev5 :5 well rott$1 is t x induces a free gr[? ( foliage in/ead ( promot+ an e>ly developm5t ( fruit4 ,! mo/ endur+ me?od is t :i* is bas$ on *emical k ( ! con/itu5ts ( ! soil1 & ! relation :i* ! plant be>s to x4 ,"o ( ! mo/ successful gr[]s = ! ,london m>ket almo/ entirely avoids ! use ( /able manure1 & he is able1 by applications ( nitrate ( pota%1 dissolv$ bones1 & ! occasional use ( lime1 to gr[ spl5did crops 9 ! same h\ses ye> aft] ye>4 ,all ! conditions :i* answ] = bord] "w are applicable to pots1 & a limit$ numb] ( plants br\ght =w>d 9 succession w supply ! requirem5ts ( a small h\sehold f e>ly spr+ until ne> ,*ri/mas4 ,! pot sy/em is conducive to free sett+ & to e>ly rip5+1 & = ^! reasons x is wor? att5tion4 ,! plants %\ld be kept %ort 9 ! jo9t by frequ5t %ifts until ! twelve-in* pot is rea*$1 & ?is size w accommodate two cordons or "o plant hav+ two bran*es1 ea* ( :i* w require a sep>ate /ake = its support4 ,plung+ ! pots c be adopt$ to save lab\r 9 wat]+4 ,temp]atures4--,no advantage is to be ga9$ by attempt+ to =ce ,tomatoes 9 a high] temp]ature ?an is consi/5t ) heal?y progress1 al?\gh 9 w9t] !re is great temptation 9 ! direction ( ov]heat+4 ,full "t = developm5t 9 mod]ate heat w br+ /\t jo9ts1 & imp>t a vigor\s con/itution t mat]ially aids ! plants 9 resi/+ ! insidi\s attacks ( disease4 ,! wan+ autumn & dull w9t] days are ! mo/ tr\blesome p]iods ( managem5t1 & x is rem>kable t ( two days equal 9 duration & app>5tly 9 o!r conditions1 ! autumnal appe>s to be less fav\rable ?an ! spr+ day4 ,b if1 on ! "o h&1 a high temp]ature is injuri\s1 a l[ temp]ature mu/ be avoid$2 al?\gh = a "t x may n appe> to be h>mful4 ,a temp]ature ( #fj or #fe suits ! se$-pans1 & aft] transf] to pots & ! roots h become e/abli%$1 ! !rmomet] %\ld n regi/] less ?an #ee dur+ ! night4 ,x may rise #aj by means ( fire heat 9 ! daytime1 & dur+ bur/s ( sun%9e ano!r #aj or #ae w be q safe1 always assum+ t ! roots are n dry1 & t ! plants h free v5tilation4 ,wat]+4--,! judici\s adm9i/ration ( wat] =ms an important feature 9 ! culture ( ! ,tomato4 ,! plant is too succul5t to endure dr\ght ) impunity1 & x is m]e folly to toy ) ! wat]-c4 ,saturate d[n to ! roots1 & !n leave ! plants alone until m wat] is want$4 ,no h>d & fa/ rule c be /at$ z to frequ5cy4 ,x dep5ds on ! condition ( ! soil1 ! p]iod ( ! ye>1 & ! age ( ! plants4 ,bord]s & soil = pots %\ld be made suffici5tly moi/ 9 advance1 s t wat]+ w n be necess>y imm$iately aft] ! plants are transf]r$4 ,! preval5t op9ion t excessive wat]+ g5]ates disease is n confirm$ by our exp]i5ce4 ,( c\rse ! wat]+ %\ld n be excessive = _m reasons1 b ! diseases :i* are (t5 attribut$ to ov]-wat]+ are ! result ( atmosph]ic mismanagem5t4 ,g5]al ,treatm5t4--,au?orities are n agre$ z to :e!r bran*$ plants or simple cordons yield ! bett] results4 ,9 our judgm5t ! s+le /em des]ves pref]5ce1 & x is n[ m ext5sively gr[n ?an any o!r =m1 al?\gh plants hav+ two bran*es are almo/ equally popul>4 ,c]ta9ly ! cordon c be manag$ ) extreme ease2 x is admitt$ly ! e>lie/ produc]1 & !re is a g5]al cons5sus ( op9ion t ! fruit x produces is unsurpass$ 9 size & quality4 ,! d\btful po9t is quantity1 b ev5 "h ! diff]5ce1 if any1 is too trifl+ to be wor? ! consid]ation ( private gr[]s4 ,cordons are =m$ by remov+ ! lat]als z fa/ z !y appe>1 & :5 ! fruit has set1 or ! requisite height is atta9$1 ! top is also p9*$ out4 ,! space all[$ = ea* plant v>ies greatly1 especially among gr[]s = m>ket4 ,"u glass e bran*$ ,tomato %\ld be all[$ at lea/ ?ree feet ea* way4 ,= cordons we advocate a di/ance betwe5 ! r[s ( ?ree feet1 & a space ( two feet 9 ! r[ is n too mu*4 ,! /ems require support ( "s k9d1 & /akes are pref]able to /r+2 b ( c\rse ! /ems may be secur$ to wires :5ev] x is conv5i5t to run ! plants imm$iately "u ! glass4 ,ano!r po9t ^u :i* au?orities diff] is ! ext5t to :i* ,tomatoes %\ld be d5ud$ ( _! foliage4 ,"s gr[]s condemn ! proc$ure entirely2 o!rs r$uce _! plants to skeletons4 ,bo? extremes are objectionable1 = :5 all ! leaves are p]mitt$ to rema9 !re is delay or p>tial failure 9 col\r+ ! fruit1 & ! almo/ entire removal ( foliage *ecks ! root action injuri\sly4 ,9 practice x answ]s well to wait until ! fruit has set1 !n by p9*+ out ! lead+ po9t ( ea* leaf1 comm5c+ at ! bottom1 rip5+ & col\r+ are promot$1 & ! heal? ( ! plant rema9s unimpair$4 ,9 dull wea!r1 & especially 9 %ort days1 a difficulty is sometimes exp]i5c$ 9 sett+ ! fruit1 p>ticul>ly ! fir/ bun*4 ,aft] fruit has begun to swell on "o bun*1 ! rema9d] set ) comp>ative ease4 ,a r high] temp]ature ?an usual comb9$ ) free movem5t ( ! atmosph]e is g5]ally suffici5t to insure f]tilisation4 ,if assi/ance is necess>y1 h[ev]1 wat] ! plants e>ly 9 ! aft]noon1 & close ! h\se r be=e ! usual "t4 ,! w>m atmosph]e w develop pl5ty ( poll51 & a g5tle %ak+ ( ! fl[] bun*es ) a slight t\* f a hazel twig w lib]ate visible cl\ds1 :i* w effectually set ! fruit4 ,ano!r me?od is to lift a flat label or pap] knife aga9/ ! fl[]s4 ,! label becomes cov]$ ) poll51 & by g5tly t\*+ ea* fl[] ) a slight upw>d pressure a great numb] c be f]tilis$ 9 a few m9utes4 ,a s(t bru% pass$ ov] ! fl[]s daily has ! same effect4 ,plants 9 ! op5 gr\nd ne$ no su* att5tion if !y are 9 good heal? & ! season is at all g5ial4 ,:5 a bun* ( fl[]s conta9s "o t is fasciat$ or confus$1 ! fl[] %\ld be p9*$ out to prev5t ! =mation ( l>ge & ugly fruit4 ,! rema9d] ( ! bun* w be ! f9] = its abs5ce4 ,,outdoor ,,culture4--,= ! op5 gr\nd x is important to *oose a v>iety t rip5s e>ly4 ,! plants %\ld be vigor\s1 & !y mu/ be c>efully h>d5$ be=e !y are put out4 ,s[ ! se$ 9 heat 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 & :5 l>ge en\gh transf] ! se$l+s to s+le pots until want$4 ,e ef=t %\ld be made to avoid giv+ ! plants a *eck1 & if room is available !y may be pott$ on to ! six-in* size & all[$ to =m "o truss ( bloom be=e plant+ out1 ?us sav+ valuable "t4 ,! end ( ,may is usually ! "r "t = transf] to ! op51 b ,tomatoes w n endure a ke5 ea/ w9d or nipp+ fro/4 ,dur+ ! preval5ce ( unfav\rable wea!r x is advisable to wait a week or m r ?an risk ! de/ruction ( ! plants4 ,:5 ! temp]ature appe>s to be fairly reliable1 put !m into holes a foot deep & eighte5 in*es across1 fill$ ) light soil n too ri*4 ,= a few nights until ! roots take hold slight protection %\ld be at h& to assure safety2 ,sea ,kale pots answ] admirably1 & are easily plac$ 9 position4 ,9 addition to b$s all sorts ( places are suitable = ,tomatoes1 su* z "u w>m pal+s or walls1 on slop+ banks & 9 %elt]$ nooks1 :]e !y w ?rive & yield valuable fruit4 ,/\t /akes are requir$ & %\ld be promptly provid$4 ,p9* out ! lat]al %oots1 & z soon z ! fruits comm5ce to col\r "s ( ! l>ge/ leaves may be p>tially remov$4 ,e>ly 9 ,augu/ nip out ! tips ( ! lead]s 9 ord] to enc\rage rip5+4 ,?us 9 ! op5 g>d5 a supply ( ?is delicacy may be insur$ = "p ( ! ye> equal 9 quality to fruit :i* is gr[n "u glass4 7,see also page #aha47 ,! diseases ( ! ,tomato are dealt ) 9 ! *apt] on ,! ,fungus ,pe/s ( c]ta9 ,g>d5 ,plants4 ,,turnip ,brassica ,rapa ,! ,turnip is n a difficult g>d5 crop2 inde$1 ! simple/ managem5t w produce an ample supply1 & any fairly good gr\nd w suffice = x4 ,b :atev] is wor? do+ is wor? do+ well1 & a g>d5] may be p>don$ = tak+ an especial pride 9 produc+ a suffici5cy ( h&some & t5d] ,turnips4 ,! great po9t is to insure a succession ?r\gh a long season1 or1 say1 ! :ole ye> r\nd1 = ,turnips are always 9 reque/1 & at c]ta9 p]iods ( ! ye> delicate "y roots are greatly valu$ = ! table4 ,! f9e/ ,turnips are gr[n 9 deep1 s&y loam1 kept 9 a high /ate ( cultivation4 ,useful ,turnips may be gr[n on any soil1 b a h&some sample ( ! f9e/ quality _c be produc$ on heavy clay or ?9 lime/one4 ,9 common ) o!r fa/-gr[+ plants ( ! crucif]\s ord]1 ,turnips mu/ h lime 9 "s =m1 & 9 _m g>d5s x w occasionally be necess>y to give a dress+ ( lime 9 addition to ! ord9>y manure4 ,sup]phosphate1 bone1 & old pla/] or mort> f de/roy$ build+s1 are all valuable 9 prep>+ ! soil = ?is crop4 ,times ( ,s[+4--,an e>ly crop ( small bulbs may be gr[n by s[+ 9 ,janu>y on a v g5tle hot-b$ z prescrib$ = e>ly ,radi%es1 & x may be well to add1 t 9 an em]g5cy :ite ,turnip ,radi%es may be made to take ! place ( ,turnips1 bo? to flav\r s\ps & to appe> z a di% 9 ! usual way4 ,fa/-gr[+ ,turnips may be s[n on a %elt]$ w>m bord] 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 to be c>efully wat*$ & protect$ :5 unk9d wea!r prevails4 ,9 ,april & ,may s[+s %\ld be made consi/5tly ) ! probable wants ( ! h\sehold1 b ! ,may s[+s %\ld comprise two or ?ree sorts 9 ! ev5t ( hot dry wea!r spoil+ "s ( !m4 ,! pr9cipal s[+s = autumn & w9t] supplies are made 9 ,june & ,july1 b se$ may also be s[n 9 ,augu/4 ,gr\nd f :i* "s crop1 su* z ,peas1 has j be5 cle>$ g5]ally ne$s little prep>ation beyond break+ ! surface ) a hoe1 foll[$ by a good rak+4 ,?9 ! plants e>ly & let !m /& f9ally at six to n9e in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,= late crops se$ is (t5 s[n broadca/1 ! roots be+ pull$ z !y mature4 ,g5]al ,culture4--,x is advisable to s[ ,turnips 9 drills on a f9e til?1 & x is an advantage to h a suffici5cy ( "s /imulat+ manure ne> ! surface to hurry ! gr[? ( ! "y plant1 = ! dang] ( fly belongs to ! se$-leaf /age4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! ,turnip fly does b little h>m 9 g>d5s2 b :]e x is mu* fe>$1 ! se$ %\ld be s[n 9 prep>$ drills to enc\rage a quick gr[?4 ,draw ! drills twelve to fifte5 in*es ap>t1 ?ree in*es deep1 & ab\t ! same wid?1 & almo/ fill !m ) rott5 manure1 or ) a mixture ( e>? & guano1 or wood a%es2 cov] ?is ) a little f9e soil to prev5t injury to ! se$2 !n s[1 & lightly conceal ! se$ ) e>? z a f9i%4 ,if ! gr\nd is suffici5tly moi/1 gr[? w comm5ce almo/ imm$iately1 & ! plant w come up /rong1 & v quickly put =? r\gh leaves4 ,9 ! g5]al managem5t m dep5ds on timely & judici\s ?9n+ ?an ^u any o!r po9t4 ,if ,turnips are n well ?9n$1 s t ea* plant c spread its gre5 head unimp$$ by ! leaves ( a neighb\r1 a good gr[? _c be expect$2 & ?9n+ by ! hoe %\ld be comm5c$ z soon z ! r\gh leaves appe>4 ,! op]ation mu/ be repeat$ until ! plants are at a suitable di/ance1 & !n comes ! process ( s+l+1 :i* %\ld be done by h&4 ,x w be f\nd t 9 _m cases two or ?ree little plants /& toge!r look+ l "o4 ,!re mu/ be only "o left at ea* /ation1 & t %\ld be ! %orte/4 ,! di/ances may v>y f f\r to t5 in*es1 accord+ to ! vig\r ( ! v>iety & ! k9d ( ,turnips requir$4 ,an easy & pr(itable plan is to all[ a c]ta9 numb] ( bulbs to swell to supply "y ,turnips1 &1 by draw+ ^!1 leave room = ! rema9d] ( ! crop to atta9 its prop] size = /or+4 ,! ,turnip likes a light soil1 b does n well endure ! occasional dryness to :i* light soils are subject4 ,?is fact acc\nts = _m failures ( ! crop 9 a hot dry season1 = sun%9e suits ! ,turnip1 b x mu/ h moi/ure or suff] det]ioration 9 "s way4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! soil becomes dry1 & !re is no prospect ( ra91 ! ,turnips %\ld h wat]1 n simply to moi/5 ! surface1 b to g to ! roots1 = frequ5t wat]+ is n good = ! crop1 z x t5ds to spoil ! beauty ( ! bulbs1 & promotes a rank leaf-gr[? :i* is n want$4 ,an occasional heavy wat]+ 9 dry wea!r w also d mu* t[>ds ! repression ( ! _m enemies t beset ?is useful root--! jump]s1 ! grubs1 ! weevils1 & ! re/ ( ! v]m9 w be r\t$ out ( _! snug hid+-places 9 ! du/y soil :5 ! wat]+ takes place1 & ! dea? ( _m w foll[4 ,b s long z ! soil is fairly moi/ at ! dep? ! roots are rang+1 !re is no ne$ = wat]+1 & ! "t x w\ld consume may be utilis$ = o!r "w4 ,lift+ & ,/or+4--,on ! approa* ( w9t] a c]ta9 portion ( ! ,turnip crop %\ld be lift$ & /or$4 ,9 do+ ?is ! tops mu/ be cut (f1 n too close1 b j leav+ a slight gre5 neck1 & ! roots %\ld be r %ort5$ ?an remov$2 at all ev5ts1 to cut ! roots (f close is bad practice3 :5 s treat$ ! bulbs d n keep well4 ,any r\gh /orage answ]s = ,turnips1 ! object be+ to keep !m plump by exclud+ ! atmosph]e1 & at ! same "t r5d] !m safe aga9/ fro/4 ,! portion ( ! crop left 9 ! gr\nd may be lift$ z want$ 9 ! same way z ,p>snips1 b ?is %\ld be done sy/ematically1 s t ! gr\nd :i* is cle>$ may be dug ov] & ridg$ up be=e w9t]4 ,^? t rema9 w be 9 a piece1 & w give a good crop ( spr+ gre5s1 aft] :i* !y may be made use ( z manure by putt+ !m at ! bottom ( a tr5*4 ,"s ( ! foes t w> aga9/ ! ,turnip crop are allud$ to at great] l5g? lat] on4 ,happily1 ! g>d5] has _m fri5ds t are insuffici5tly kn[n to ! f>m]1 n ! lea/ important be+ ! />l+s1 song birds1 & occasionally 7b n (t57 ! sp>r[s4 ,:]e ! cultivation is good & small birds ab\nd1 ! ,turnip crop is pretty safe1 & ! g5]al r\t9e ( culture sket*$ above w c]ta9ly promote1 if x does n absolutely secure1 its safety4 ,! wor/ foes ( ! ,turnip 9 ! field are ! fly & ! cat]pill>2 b 9 ! g>d51 & m especially ! old g>d51 anbury is ! mo/ to be fe>$4 ,:5 ?is happ5s ! cultivator may re/ satisfi$ t ! soil is 9 fault1 & ?is may be ow+ to a bad r\t9e ( cropp+4 ,:]ev] anbury appe>s1 :e!r on ,cabbages or ,turnips or any o!r crucif]\s plant1 !re %\ld be work$ out a complete *ange 9 ! ord] ( cropp+1 tak+ c>e n to put any brassicace\s plants on ! plots :]e ! disease has occurr$ = two or ?ree seasons1 & all[+ at lea/ "o :ole ye> to pass )\t gr[+ any ( ! crucif]\s ord] ^u !m4 ,9 ! meantime1 = o!r crops ! l& %\ld be well tr5*$ & lim$1 & g5]\sly till$4 ,! result w be pr(itable crops ( o!r k9ds ( vegetables & a refre%+ ( ! soil t w enable x to c>ry brassicace\s plants aga91 ) b little risk ( ! recurr5ce ( anbury4 ,good cultivation is ! only panacea kn[n aga9/ ! plagues t assail our crops4 ,?is does n surely secure !m1 = ! elem5ts are caprici\s & beyond our control2 b :]e good cultivation prevails ! failures are few1 & ev5 unfav\rable seasons d n utt]ly oblit]ate ! b5efits ( pa/ lab\r4 ,sw$e4--,!re are sev]al advantages 9 gr[+ ,sw$es z "o ( ! g>d5 crops4 ,!y are h>dy 9 con/itution & prolong ! supply ( a :olesome vegetable4 ,9 di/ricts :]e ,turnips are unsatisfactory1 ,sw$es prove successful1 & are appreciat$ = _! delicacy ( flav\r :5 gr[n f /ocks :i* h be5 c>efully select$ = ! purpose4 ,! culture is 9 all respects ! same z = ,turnip4 ,! date ( s[+ dep5ds on ! di/rict4 ,9 ! nor? x is safe to s[ at ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 b 9 ! midl&s & s\!rn c\nties ( ,engl& ! end ( ,may or beg9n+ ( ,june is e>ly en\gh4 ,,vegetable ,,m>r[ ,cucurbita ,pepo ovif]a ,! ,vegetable ,m>r[ does n1 9 a g5]al way1 obta9 ! "r k9d ( att5tion 9 g>d5s4 ,x is v g5]ally gr[n & is mu* valu$ z a summ] vegetable4 ,b too (t5 ! aim ( ! cultivator is to obta9 l>ge ,m>r[s1 t at ! v be/ are co>se & tr\blesome to ! cook & are always want+ 9 sub/ance & flav\r1 in/ead ( smalli% ,m>r[s1 :i* are easily dress$1 elegant on ! table1 & comb9e ) a sub/antial & some:at glut9\s pulp a mo/ delici\s flav\r4 ,two fe>s beset ! av]age g>d5]3 he is afraid to gr[ small sorts1 & he is afraid to cut !m :5 q "y4 ,:5 he c ov]come ^! fe>s he w appreciate ! small] ,m>r[s t h ( late ye>s be5 secur$ by pati5t lab\r 9 cross-bre$+1 = :ile !y are ( ! highe/ quality1 !y are also e>ly & productive1 f> surpass+ all ! l>g] ,m>r[s 9 quickness & usefulness4 ,! m>ket gr[] we d n pret5d to advise1 = he mu/ gr[ :at he c sell2 & if ! small] ,m>r[s are insuffici5tly appreciat$ 9 g>d5s1 we _c hope to see !m on sale 9 %ops4 ,! ,vegetable ,m>r[ w gr[ 9 any good soil1 & al?\gh a t5d] plant1 x is s accommodat+ t if ! se$ is s[n on a piece ( newly dug clay l& 9 ! latt] "p ( ,may1 or e>ly 9 ,june1 ! plants w ?rive & produce a heavy crop ! same season4 ,we put ?is z an extreme case1 b we d n recomm5d su* a c>eless mode ( gr[+ ?is valuable vegetable4 ,! fact is1 x pays bett] to gr[ x well ?an to gr[ x ill2 & 9 a c\ntry :]e l& & lab\r are co/ly1 & ! summ] v unc]ta91 x is be/ to take su* a ?+ 9 h& sci5tifically1 & provide = x z _m fav\rable conditions z possible4 ,?ree conditions are imp]ative3 a mod]ate bottom heat f f]m5t+ mat]ial2 a k9dly1 loamy soil1 q mell[1 9 :i* ! roots c run freely2 & a suffici5cy ( wat]1 = ?is is a ?ir/y plant4 ,b ! excessive use ( manure is undesirable1 z ?is only =ces a rank gr[? ( foliage at ! exp5se ( ! fruit4 ,frame culture is ( "s importance1 because e>ly ,m>r[s are highly valu$ at good tables4 ,= ?is bus9ess ! neat-gr[+1 small-fruit$ k9ds %\ld be *os51 z !y yield a great crop 9 a small compass4 ,! be/ place = an e>ly crop ( ,m>r[s is a brick pit1 ) hot-wat] pipes = top heat1 & a b$ ( f]m5t+ mat]ials = bottom heat4 ,x is no difficult matt] to obta9 a supply 9 a h\se ) ,cucumb]s1 b x is bett] to gr[ ! ,m>r[s ap>t1 z !y require less heat & less moi/ure ?an ,cucumb]s4 ,9 mak+ up ! b$1 x is well to employ leaves l>gely1 say to ! ext5t ( "o-half1 ! rema9d] be+ /able manure t has be5 twice turn$4 ,su* a b$ w give a mild heat = a great l5g? ( "t1 & ! plants c be put out ^u x )9 ?ree days ( its be+ made up4 ,:5 gr[n 9 a common frame1 ! arrangem5ts are mu* ! same z advis$ = ! frame cultivation ( ! ,cucumb]1 ! *ief po9ts ( diff]5ce be+ t ,m>r[s %\ld h less heat & m air4 ,! temp]ature = ,m>r[s "u cov] may range f #ee ! m9imum1 to #hj ! maximum2 ! safe m$ium be+ ab\t #fe :5 ! wea!r is cold & dull2 runn+ to #hj :5 /rong sun%9e prevails1 & ! plants are gr[+ freely ) pl5ty ( air4 ,z = ! g5]al managem5t1 a b$ n9e in*es deep ( good fibr\s loam is requir$1 ) regul> supplies ( wat] ( ! same temp]ature z ! pits1 s t ! b$ is always reasonably moi/1 & e ev5+ a slight syr++ ov] ! leaves & ! walls be=e %utt+ up4 ,! tra9+ out is a v simple matt]4 ,let ! v9es run 9 _! own way until !y h made %oots eighte5 in*es long1 !n nip out ! po9ts4 ,aft] ?is !re mu/ be no m /opp+1 b occasionally ! lat]als mu/ be suppress$ to prev5t cr[d+4 ,give air freely at e opportunity1 & be c>eful n to adm9i/] too mu* wat]1 or ! blund] w result 9 a defici5cy ( fruit4 ,to gr[ ,m>r[s 9 ! op5 air1 ! be/ c\rse ( proc$ure is to remove a portion ( ! top soil1 to =m a %all[ tr5* f\r feet wide4 ,into ?is c>ry "o foot to eighte5 in*es dep? ( half-rott5 manure1 or a mixture ( equal p>ts ( manure & leaves1 & cov] ) ! soil t 0 tak5 out4 ,?is w produce a v g5tle hot-b$ t w la/ until ! natural gr\nd heat is suffici5t to keep ! plants 9 vigor\s heal?4 ,! middle ( ,may is q e>ly en\gh to make up ! b$1 & 9 ! c\rse ( two or ?ree days ! plants may be put out4 ,cov] ) h&-lights or small frames1 :i* on ! foll[+ day %\ld be tilt$ at bottom to admit a little air1 & if /rong sun%9e occurs1 a ,rhub>b leaf may be laid ov] to subdue ! gl>e ^u ! "y plants4 ,we w suppose ^! plants to h be5 rais$ 9 a ,cucumb] frame f se$s s[n 9 ,april4 ,if plants are n available1 s[ se$s 9 pat*es ( two or ?ree on ! b$1 & cov] ) inv]t$ l>ge fl[]-pots1 & ) a piece ( tile to /op ! hole4 ,?is plan ha/5s g]m9ation4 ,pots may also be us$ z protectors if glass frames are n at comm&1 be+ tak5 (f dur+ ! day & put on at night1 ! hole be+ left op5 to give a little air4 ,dur+ bad wea!r ! pots %\ld rema9 all day ov] ! plants1 b z soon z possible mu/ be aga9 tak5 (f to keep ! gr[? %ort1 gre51 & vigor\s4 ,! plants %\ld be put s+ly d[n ! c5tre ( ! b$1 ?ree feet ap>t1 & z a matt] ( c\rse ! se$s %\ld be s[n at ! same di/ance1 & ea* clump ( two or ?ree %\ld be r$uc$ to "o :5 ! plants are some:at =w>d4 ,x is advisable n to be 9 a hurry 9 ?9n+ ! plants1 = ! slugs w probably compel "s modification ( arrangem5ts1 s t sometimes x w be necess>y to lift a clump1 & divide ! plants1 to fill up gaps :]e ! slugs h made a cle>ance4 ,an occasional inspection 9 ! aft] "p ( ! day1 & aga9 9 ! e>ly morn+1 w be ! be/ c\rse to keep d[n ! slugs1 z !y may !n be caught & dispos$ (2 b a du/+ ( soot ar\nd ea* clump w d mu* to protect ! plants aga9/ sil5t m>aud]s4 ,z = aft]-managem5t1 !re is no occasion :atev] = any /opp+ or tra9+1 b n[ & !n a /\t peg may be plac$ to keep "s /rong v9e 9 ord]4 ,! necessity = moi/ure mu/ n be ov]look$4 ,if ! gr\nd becomes dry ! plants w suff]1 b ) suffici5t moi/ure !y w cont9ue gr[+ & be>+ until ! fro/ de/roys !m4 ,cut ! ,m>r[s :5 q "y1 = n only are !y m useful on ! table :5 small & t5d]1 b ! plants w be> five times z _m z :5 a few are p]mitt$ to atta9 _! full size4 ,! explanation ( ! case is v simple4 ,! production ( ! "y fruits does n 9 any appreciable degree exhau/ ! plants2 b :5 ! fruits are all[$ to develop1 ! plant is too sev]ely tax$1 & a succession is pretty well br\ght to a /op4 ,! mo/ delicately flav\r$ ,m>r[s1 z a rule1 are ! smalle/2 ^! :5 cook$ %\ld be s]v$ :ole1 or at mo/ only cut into halves1 & ( c\rse !re is no occasion to remove ! se$s4 ,a ,,ye>',s ,,"w ,,9 ,,! ,,vegetable ,,g>d5 ,! foll[+ mon?ly notes are n int5d$ to sup]s$e ! detail$ in/ructions on ! sev]al k9ds ( ,vegetables :i* appe> 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,! pres5t object is to call att5tion to ! "w t mu/ be done1 & ! "w t mu/ be prep>$ =1 z ! *anges ( ! seasons require & ! /ate ( ! wea!r may p]mit2 yet "s am\nt ( detail is includ$4 ,m]ely to (f] rem9d]s w\ld be to exclude ! great mass ( amateurs1 & ! less exp]i5c$ ( practical g>d5]s1 f p>ticipation 9 ! advantages ( ^! mon?ly notes1 & to re/rict _! use to a few practical m5 :o are ma/]s ( e detail ( ! bus9ess ( g>d5+4 ,! r\t9e "u ea* mon? is g5]ally 9 h>mony-) t already recomm5d$1 b c]ta9 v>iations ( practice are sugge/$ :i* may prove ( s]vice 9 "s di/ricts & "u p>ticul> circum/ances4 ,a "w on g>d5+ dem&s ( ! read] ! ex]cise ( judgm5t4 ,if bl9dly foll[$1 x may prove z (t5 wrong z "r2 = x is n 9 ! p[] ( ! au?ors to influ5ce ! wea!r 9 fav\r ( _! directions1 or to insure to ^? :o may foll[ _! guidance a s+le "o among/ ! _m conditions requisite to success4 ,al?\gh ! times nam$ = c]ta9 op]ations are ! be/ z an av]age1 peculi>ities ( climate & ( season w require "s modifications1 :i* ea* "o mu/ discov] = himself2 & aft] ! se$ ( any vegetable has be5 s[n x is n always ne$ful to give subsequ5t rem9d]s ( successional s[+s4 ,^! naturally foll[ 9 accordance ) ! requirem5ts ( ea* p>ticul> g>d54 ,) su* all[ances duly made1 ^! notes w1 x is hop$1 prove ?or\ghly practical1 & t5d mat]ially to aid ! cultivator 9 obta9+ f ! vegetable g>d5 an abundance ( ev]y?+ 9 its season1 & ( a quality ( :i* he ne$ n be a%am$4 ,,janu>y ,"w 9 ! g>d5 dur+ ! op5+ mon? ( ! ye> is entirely dep5d5t on ! wea!r1 & x is futile to ent] on a va9 conflict ) ,nature4 ,:5 heavy ra9s prevail keep (f ! gr\nd1 b imm$iately x w be> traffic )\t poa*+ be prep>$ to take advantage ( e fav\rable h\r4 ,mu* may be done 9 ,janu>y to make ready = ! busy spr+1 & e mom5t usefully employ$ w relieve ! pressure lat] on4 ,survey ! /ock ( pea-/icks1 haul out all ! rubbi% f ! y>d1 & make a #8smo!r' ( wa/e prun+s & heaps ( twit* & o!r /uff = :i* !re is no decid$ use4 ,if prop]ly done1 ! result w be a black a% ( ! mo/ f]tilis+ nature1 su* z a m]e fire w n produce4 ,%\ld ! soil be fro/-b\nd :eel out manure & lay x 9 heaps ready to be spread & dug 9 :]e se$-b$s are to be made4 ,if ! wea!r is op5 & dry1 tr5* sp>e plots & make ready well-manur$ plots = s[+ ,peas & ,beans4 ,s f> z may be conv5i5t1 all prep>atory "w %\ld be pu%$ on ) vig\r1 & e ef=t mu/ be made to lay up z mu* l& 9 ! r\gh z possible2 = ! m x is froz5 ?r\gh ! great] w be its f]tility1 & ! m beautiful1 z well z m abundant1 ! crops4 ,x is a matt] ( ! mo/ ord9>y prud5ce to be prep>$ to resi/ ! %ock ( a sev]e fro/4 ,:5 ?is ev5t occurs1 _m suff] loss because !y are n prep>$ = x4 ,good brick walls & sub/antial ro(s are ne$$ = ! safe keep+ ( fruits & ! m valuable k9ds ( roots2 b :5 r\gh me?ods are resort$ to1 su* z clamp+ & pitt+1 !re %\ld be a l>ge body ( /uff employ$1 = a prolong$ fro/ w f9d its way ?r\gh any ?9 cov]+1 no matt] :at ! mat]ial may be4 ,z !re is n mu* to d n[ out ( doors1 x is a good "t to look ov] ! notes :i* 7 made conc]n+ v>i\s crops 9 ! pa/ season1 & to att5d to ! se$ li/4 ,se$ s[+ %\ld be practis$ ) exce$+ caution2 b great ?+s may be done :]e !re are w>m1 %elt]$1 dry bord]s1 & suitable appliances = scre5+ & =w>d+ e>ly crops4 ,"u ^! fav\rable conditions1 we advise ! s[+ ( small bread?s ( a few *oice subjects t[>ds ! end ( ! mon?2 &1 ?is be+ done1 e c>e %\ld be tak5 to nurse ! se$l+s ?r\gh ! try+ times t are be=e !m4 ,su* ?+s z t5d] "y ,radi%es1 ,onions1 small ,salads1 ,sp9a*1 ,cabbage1 & ,c>rots nev] come 9 too e>ly2 ! tr\ble (t5 is t !y are se5 9 ! m>ket :ile z yet !y are invisible 9 ! g>d54 ,h$ges ( ,hornbeam1 ,laurel1 or ,holly1 to break ! =ce ( ! w9d1 are valuable = %elt]+ e>ly bord]s1 & walls are great aids to e>l9ess by ! w>m? !y reflect & ! dryness !y promote4 ,! soil = ^! e>ly crops %\ld be light & ri*1 & ! position extra well dra9$1 to prev5t ! slighte/ accumulation ( wat] dur+ heavy ra9s4 ,suppos+ y h su* a bord]1 s[ ^u x1 z e>ly z wea!r w p]mit1 any ( ! small] sorts ( ,cabbage ,lettuce1 ,onion1 ,long ,sc>let ,radi%1 ,r\nd ,sp9a*1 ,cabbage1 & ,c>rot4 ,all ^! crops may be gr[n 9 frames ) great] safety1 & 9 _m expos$ places ! w>m bord] is almo/ an impossibility4 ,re$ hurdles & loose dry litt] %\ld be always ready :5 e>ly cropp+ is 9 h&2 & old lights1 & ev5 old doors1 & any & e k9d ( scre5 may be made use ( at times to protect ! e>ly se$-b$s f sn[1 sev]e fro/1 & ! dry bla/ ( an ea/ w9d4 ,=c+ is "o ( ! f9e arts 9 ! ,engli% g>d54 ,x is an art easily acquir$ up to a c]ta9 po9t1 b beyond t po9t full ( difficulty4 ,e /ep 9 ?is bus9ess is a conflict ) ,nature1 & 9 su* a conflict ! devices ( man mu/ occasionally fail4 ,a gold5 rule is to be f\nd 9 ! prov]b #8,! m ha/e ! less spe$4' ,:atev] ! s\rce ( heat1 x %\ld be mod]ate at fir/1 & %\ld be augm5t$ sl[ly4 ,! e>li] ! =c$ articles are requir$ ! m c>eful %\ld be ! prep>ation = !m1 & ! m mod]ate ! temp]ature 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,!re mu/ be at comm& a con/ant z well z suffici5t temp]ature3 :5 a =c$ crop has made "s progress a *eck w be fatal to success4 ,! beg9n] %\ld acquire exp]i5ce ) ,rhub>b & ,sea ,kale1 !n ) ,asp>agus & ,mu%rooms & ,dw>f ,fr5* ,beans1 & s on to #8high] heights' ( ?is bran* ( practical g>d5+4 ,arti*okes1 ,globe1 are n q h>dy1 & mu/ be protect$ ) litt]4 ,asp>agus b$s to be heavily manur$1 if n already done1 b ! b$s ne$ n be dug4 ,be cont5t to lay ! manure on1 & ! ra9s w wa% ! /imulant d[n to ! roots 9 due "t4 ,9 g>d5s ne> ! coa/ seawe$ is ! be/ ( manure = ,asp>agus1 & ! use ( salt c !n be disp5s$ )4 ,beans1 ,broad1 may be s[n 9 frames1 & t[>ds ! end ( ! mon? 9 op5 qu>t]s4 ,= e>ly crops select ! ,longpod v>ieties4 ,s[ on gr\nd deeply dug & well manur$4 ,cabbage may be plant$ out at any "t :5 wea!r p]mits1 provid$ y possess1 or c obta91 ! plants2 & x is ( ! utmo/ importance to secure !m f a reliable s\rce1 or v>ieties may be plant$ :i* w 9 a few weeks s5d up fl[]-/ems in/ead ( =m+ t5d] he>ts4 ,at e season ( ! ye> vacant plots %\ld be kept go+ ) a few bread?s ( ,cabbage4 ,) our v>iable climate !y may be acceptable1 ev5 9 ! height ( summ]1 if !re has be5 a h>d run ^u o!r vegetables1 or "s important crop has fail$ outright4 ,caulifl[] may be s[n on a g5tle hot-b$1 or 9 a pan 9 ! gre5h\se1 or ev5 9 a frame1 to make a />t = plant+ out 9 ,m>* or ,april4 ,cress1 to be enjoy$1 mu/ be produc$ f a con/ant succession ( small b frequ5t s[+s4 ,all ! sorts are good1 b diff]5t 9 flav\r1 & !y %\ld be us$ only :ile "y & t5d]4 ,s[ at int]vals ( a few days 9 pans1 z 9 ! case ( ,mu/>d1 until x is possible to cultivate 9 ! op5 air1 & !n give a %ady position dur+ summ] on a mell[ & r moi/ soil4 ,cucumb]s are nev] ready too soon to meet ! dem& 9 e>ly spr+4 ,!y are gr[n 9 h\ses m or less adapt$ to _! requirem5ts1 & also 9 frames ov] hot-b$s4 ,at ?is "t ( ye>1 h[ev]1 frames are some:at tr\blesome to manage1 & 9 try+ wea!r !y are a little haz>d\s1 al?\gh lat] 9 ! season !re is no difficulty :atev] ) !m4 ,= ! pres5t1 !re=e1 we %all conf9e our rem>ks to h\se culture4 ,almo/ any gre5h\se may be made to answ]1 b ! "w c be c>ri$ on mo/ successfully & ) ! greate/ economy 9 h\ses :i* are expressly con/ruct$ = ,cucumb]s4 ,= w9t] "w a lean-to1 fac+ s\?1 possesses special advantages4 ,b = g5]al utility1 if we _h to erect a build+ on a well-dra9$ soil1 x %\ld be dw>f1 sunk ?ree feet 9 ! gr\nd1 ) brick walls up to ! eaves1 & light$ only f ! ro(4 ,su* a /ructure is less influ5c$ by atmosph]ic *anges ?an a build+ :olly above gr\nd4 ,! size1 ( c\rse1 is optional2 & q a small h\se w supply an ord9>y family ) ,cucumb]s4 ,b a small h\se is n economical ei!r 9 fuel or 9 lab\r4 ,a build+ ?irty feet long by twelve feet wide1 six feet high at ! sides1 & eight & a half feet high at ! ridge1 w n only gr[ ,cucumb]s & ,melons1 b w also be ( imm5se s]vice = _m o!r plants4 ,a division across ! middle by a wall ris+ f\r feet1 surm\nt$ ) a glass scre5 fitt$ to ! ro(1 & f9i%$ ) a door p>tially ( glass1 w greatly augm5t its usefulness4 ,!re %\ld be an alley d[n ! c5tre f\r or five feet wide1 b\nd$ by walls rea*+ f\r feet above ! floor4 ,^! walls %\ld be n9e in*es ?ick = two feet six in*es ( _! height1 b = ! upp] p>ts ! brickwork ne$ only be f\r & a half in*es ?ick4 ,?is arrangem5t w provide a l$ge on ! inn] side ( ea* wall1 & ! ma9 walls %\ld also h l$ges correspond+ 9 height1 on :i* to lay slates to c>ry ! soil4 ,to insure dra9age1 all[ a space ( ab\t an in* betwe5 ! slates1 & place tiles or an inv]t$ turf ov] e op5+ to prev5t ! soil be+ wa%$ away4 ,! hot-wat] pipes w be 9 *amb]s imm$iately b5ea? ! plants4 ,op5+s 9 ! alley walls1 fitt$ ) slid+ doors1 w admit ! heat direct into ! h\se :5ev] x may be desirable4 ,v5tilation %\ld be provid$ = "u ! ridge at ea* end1 z well z 9 ! ro(4 ,9 su* a h\se x is easy to gr[ ,cucumb]s all ! ye> r\nd1 except1 p]haps1 9 ! dead ( w9t]1 :5 ! %ort1 d>k days r5d] ! task difficult1 no matt] h[ p]fect ! appliances at comm&4 ,! division 9 ! c5tre w be f\nd valuable at all times1 & especially :5 "o set ( plants is fail+2 = ano!r set c be br\ght into be>+ exactly :5 want$4 ,b :atev] ! /ructure may be1 ! mode ( culture rema9s sub/antially ! same 9 any case4 ,n[1 z to soil1 a compo/ made ( mell[ turfy loam & leaf-m\ld 9 equal p>ts w be effective & sweet4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( leaf-m\ld1 use two p>ts ( loam & "o ( ?or\ghly decay$ manure ) a few pieces ( *>coal add$4 ,sweetness is n absolutely necess>y = success1 b nev]!less we l to h x1 s t a visit to ! ,cucumb]-h\se may be a s\rce ( pleasure4 ,?is x _c be if rank manure has be5 us$4 ,raise ! se$ s+ly 9 small #fj-pots1 & s[ en\gh1 = h[ev] good ! se$ may be a proportion w almo/ c]ta9ly fail f "s cause at ?is critical p]iod4 ,give ! plants "o %ift into ! #dh-size1 to keep !m go+ until !y are ready = putt+ into ! b$s4 ,cucumb]s gr[ ) great rapidity1 & %\ld nev] "k a *eck1 lea/ ( all by />vation4 ,^u ! slates make z _m heaps ( soil z are requir$1 & 9 ! c5tre ( ea* heap put "o plant4 ,z ! roots ext5d1 add m soil until ! heaps meet & f9ally become level ) ! top ( ! brickwork4 ,?is treatm5t w supply food z ! roots develop1 & help to ma9ta9 ! plants 9 be>+ = a long p]iod4 ,/\t wires runn+ p>allel ) ! l5g? ( ! h\se1 a foot bel[ ! glass1 w c>ry ! v9es4 ,temp]ature %\ld nev] fall bel[ #fj at night2 b z ! season advances1 if ! !rmomet] regi/]s #ij on sunny days1 no h>m w be done1 provid$ ! roots are n dry1 & ! air be kept prop]ly moi/ by ply+ ! syr+e4 ,on dull days "o good spr9kl+ ov] ! foliage w suffice1 & x %\ld be done 9 ! morn+4 ,9 w>m sunny wea!r1 h[ev]1 two or ?ree syr++s w be b5eficial2 b ! "w mu/ n be done s late z to risk ! foliage be+ wet :5 night comes on4 ,!re w be occasions :5 x may be advisable to avoid t\*+ ! leaves ) wat]1 if !re is no probability ( _! dry+ be=e nightfall4 ,9 su* a case ! moi/ure c be kept up by freely spr9kl+ ! floor & walls4 ,cucumb]s _c ?rive if !y are dry at ! roots1 b al?\gh !re %\ld be no /9t ( wat]1 x mu/ be giv5 ) judgm5t2 & x is ( ! utmo/ importance t ! dra9age %\ld be effectual1 = /agnant wat] is ev5 m injuri\s ?an a dry soil4 ,a few /icks plac$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! b$1 rea*+ d[n to ! slates1 w s]ve z indicators4 ,draw & inspect !m occasionally1 & a pretty correct idea ( ! condition ( ! soil w be obta9$4 ,! wat] %\ld be ( ! same temp]ature z ! h\se2 if appli$ cold ! plants w su/a9 a s]i\s *eck4 ,9 ! ev5t ( ! b$ fall+ some:at bel[ ! prop] temp]ature1 ! wat] may ) advantage be a few degrees high] ?an usual4 ,horse-radi% %\ld be plant$ e>ly1 to insure f9e roots = next ,*ri/mas beef4 ,leek4--,^? :o wi% to produce /ems ( sup]b size & beautiful texture mu/ s[ 9 heat dur+ ?is mon? or e>ly 9 ,febru>y1 = a long] p]iod ( gr[? is requisite ?an = ord9>y crops4 ,:5 suffici5t root gr[? has be5 made1 transplant into l>g] pots1 & 9 due c\rse transf] ^! to a frame :]e ! plants may be gradually h>d5$ (f = putt+ out into specially prep>$ tr5*es 9 ,april4 ,lettuces w soon be 9 dem&1 & ! e>ly he>ts w be p>ticul>ly preci\s4 ,s[ a few sorts 9 pans1 9 frames1 or on g5tle hot-b$s1 to be ready = plant+ out by-&-by4 ,melon4--,al?\gh ! ,melon is a fruit1 its culture naturally =ms "p ( ! r\t9e ( a vegetable g>d54 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t x may be gr[n 9 ! same h\se ) ,cucumb]s2 b aft] t po9t is rea*$1 ! two plants ne$ widely diff]5t treatm5t4 ,cucumb]s are cut :5 "y1 & mu/ be gr[n 9 a w>m & humid atmosph]e f beg9n+ to end4 ,melons ne$ w>m?1 & at ! comm5cem5t moi/ure also2 b ! fruit has to be rip5$1 & aft] x is set dry treatm5t becomes ess5tial = ! production ( a ri* flav\r ) pl5ty ( aroma4 ,9 l>ge g>d5s1 ?ree crops ( ,melons are usually gr[n 9 ! same h\se 9 "o season4 ,a light soil is advisable at ! beg9n+ ( ! ye>1 b lat] 9 ! season a heavi] compo/ may be employ$4 ,= ! fir/ s[+ select an e>ly v>iety1 & at ! beg9n+ ( ?is mon? put ! se$ 9 sep>ate pots4 ,re-pot ! plants once1 & !y w be ready = ! b$s by ! fir/ week ( ,febru>y4 ,melons f ?is s[+ %\ld be fit = table 9 ,may1 :i* is q z e>ly z !y c be produc$ ) any sug> 9 !m4 ,until ! fruits beg9 to swell ! treatm5t advis$ = ,cucumb]s w suit ,melons also4 ,aft]w>ds ! wat]+ w ne$ c>eful managem5t4 ,x w\ld be an advantage if ! fruit c\ld be f9i%$ (f )\t a drop ( wat] f ! "t !y are ab\t two in*es 9 diamet]1 b ! hot pipes r5d] x almo/ impossible4 ,/ill1 wat] mu/ n be giv5 m frequ5tly ?an is actually necess>y to keep ! plants go+1 & :5 x is appli$ let !re be a ?or\gh soak+4 ,at ! same "t v5tilation w dem& con/ant att5tion1 &1 provid$ ! temp]ature c be ma9ta9$1 x is sc>cely possible to give air too freely4 ,9 ! e>ly /age ( gr[?1 & 9 mild wea!r1 if ! !rmomet] regi/]s #fe at #i ,p4,m41 ! cultivator may sleep peacefully s f> z ,melons are conc]n$4 ,z ! season advances1 ! temp]ature may be increas$ to #gj by night1 & #ge to #ij by day4 ,) ref]5ce to /opp+1 x may be suffici5t to say t x is a wa/e ( en]gy to all[ ! plant to make a l>ge quantity ( v9e1 :i* has aft]w>ds to be cut away4 ,by judici\sly p9*+ out ! %oots1 ! plant c be equally spread ov] ! allott$ space4 ,! fl[]s mu/ be f]tilis$1 & 9 ?is respect ! treatm5t diff]s f t advis$ = ,cucumb]s4 ,! practice has ! advantage ( all[+ ! fruits to be ev5ly di/ribut$ ov] ! v9e1 & f f\r to six1 accord+ to ! size ( ! v>iety1 w be en\gh = ea* plant to rip54 ,mu/>d4--,^? :o c>e = salads ne$ a supply ( ,mu/>d almo/ all ?r\gh ! ye>1 & to secure a succession x w be necess>y to s[ at regul> int]vals4 ,x is a good plan to keep a few boxes 9 use = ! purpose 9 a plant-h\se or pit1 s[+ "o or two at a "t z requir$1 & tak+ c>e n to s[ wa/efully4 ,! se$ may be s[n out ( doors all ! summ]1 on a %ady bord]1 b no?+ surpasses boxes or l>ge pans "u glass4 ,mu/>d & ,cress %\ld nev] be s[n 9 ! same r[ or 9 ! same pan1 b sep>ately1 because !y d n gr[ at ! same pace1 & ! =m] may be fit = use a week or s be=e ! latt]4 ,d n be cont5t to use ,rape1 or any o!r sub/itute1 b s[ ! g5u9e article4 ,onion4--,! mod]n practice ( s[+ ,onion se$ 9 boxes "u glass is to be comm5d$ = sev]al reasons4 ,x insures a long season ( gr[? & results 9 h&some bulbs f> above ! av]age 9 size4 ,transplant+ af=ds ! opportunity ( select+ ! /ronge/ se$l+s & ( plac+ !m at exact int]vals 9 ! b$4 ,z a cr[n+ advantage ?is sy/em1 to a l>ge ext5t1 prev5ts attack f ! ,onion ,fly4 ,s[ 9 boxes fill$ ) ri* soil & see t ! plants h suffici5t wat]1 al?\gh v little is necess>y until aft] transf] to o!r boxes4 ,peas ( ! r\nd-se$$ class may be s[n 9 op5 qu>t]s1 & ! drie/ & w>me/ places mu/ be select$4 ,x is next to impossible to gr[ !m too well2 = if ! haulm runs up high] ?an usual1 ! produce w be ! f9]4 ,rememb]1 too1 t if deep tr5*es are dug & a lot ( manure is put 9 = ,peas1 ! gr\nd is s f> prep>$ = ,broccoli1 ,cel]y1 & late ,caulifl[]s to foll[2 = ! e>ly-s[n ,peas w be (f ! gr\nd 9 "t = ano!r pay+ crop4 ,z ev]ybody wants an e>ly di% ( ,peas1 s[ "o ( ! =w>d m>r[fat v>ieties 9 pots1 or on /rips ( turf laid grass-side d[nw>ds 9 boxes hav+ movable bottoms t c be )drawn by a dext]\s h& :5 ! transf] is made f frames to ! op5 gr\nd4 ,tr\ghs = ,peas c be made 9 v little "t out ( wa/e wood t may be f\nd 9 ! y>d2 or a few l5g?s ( old z9c sp\t+ block$ up at ! ends w answ] admirably4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( su* aids1 fl[]-pots may be us$4 ,! se$ %\ld h ! %elt] ( a frame or pit1 b %\ld h ! lea/ possible /imulus f artificial heat1 except 9 cases :]e !re is all ! skill at comm& to promote v e>ly production4 ,potatoes are priz$ :5 !y come 9 e>ly1 & may be =w>d$ on b$s ( leaves & exhau/$ hot-b$s by cov]+ ) light ri* soil1 & employ+ old frames = protection1 ) litt] h&y 9 case ( fro/4 ,= ?is e>ly "w select ! e>lie/ ,kidneys & ,r\nds2 ! ma9-cropp+ v>ieties are n quick en\gh4 ,radi%es are m or less 9 dem& = ! great] "p ( ! ye>4 ,! e>ly crops are1 h[ev]1 especially valu$1 & !re ne$ n be ! lea/ difficulty 9 produc+ a supply4 ,a half-sp5t hot-b$1 or1 inde$1 any position t af=ds %elt] & w>m?1 w answ] admirably = rais+ ?is crop until x may be tru/$ to a suitable position 9 ! op54 ,sea ,kale may be cov]$ ) pots or a good dep? ( litt]1 or a comb9ation ( pots & litt]4 ,?is %\ld be done e>ly1 z at ! fir/ move ( vegetation ?is delici\s vegetable w come into use1 & w g5]ally be ( f9] quality ?an if =c$4 ,x happ5s1 h[ev]1 to be ! easie/ ( all ?+s to =ce1 & s1 :]ev] x is c>$ =1 a pl5tiful supply may be ma9ta9$ f ,*ri/mas 7or e>li]7 until ,may4 ,z ! leaf-/ems mu/ be ?or\ghly blan*$1 cov]+ is ne$ful 9 all cases4 ,sp9a* may be s[n 9 op5 qu>t]s4 ,if ! fro/ de/roys ! plant1 s[ aga94 ,"s risk mu/ be enc\nt]$ = an e>ly di% ( ?is highly-priz$ vegetable4 ,keep ! autumn-s[n ,sp9a* cle> ( we$s1 & 9 ga!r+ 7if x happ5s to be fit to supply a ga!r+71 pick (f ! leaves sep>ately ) a little c>e4 ,/rawb]ries4--,se$ ( ! ,alp9e v>ieties s[n 9 pans ?is mon?1 = transf] lat] to ! op5 gr\nd1 usually produce f9e fruits 9 ,septemb]4 ,tomato4--,( ! imm5se value ( ! ,tomato z an article ( diet we ne$ say no?+1 b we may confid5tly affirm t its m]its = decorative purposes h n z yet be5 fully recognis$4 ,long racemes ( brilliant glossy fruit are sometimes employ$ ) /rik+ effect 9 p]gnes1 & !re is a natural fitness 9 us+ !m = decorat+ ! d9n] table4 ,all ! ,tomatoes c be gr[n & rip5$ "u glass 9 almo/ any fa%ion :i* may suit ! cultivator's conv5i5ce4 ,pits1 frames1 v9]ies1 & ,pea*-h\ses w br+ ! fruit to p]fection1 ei!r 9 pots or plant$ out4 ,magnific5t crops are also gr[n 9 ! mann] usual ) ,cucumb]s1 b 9 a l[] temp]ature2 & ^? :o h an e>ly ,cucumb] h\se at lib]ty dur+ ! summ] may turn x to good acc\nt = ,tomatoes4 ,! soil %\ld be prep>$ & laid up 9 ! autumn4 ,x mu/ n be too ri*1 or !re w be mu* foliage & little fruit1 & ! fl[]+ w also be late4 ,a compo/ ( leaf-m\ld & loam ) an addition ( s& suits ,tomatoes admirably2 b raw manure %\ld be reg>d$ z poison4 ,s[ ?9ly 9 well-dra9$ pots firmly fill$ ) soil1 & place 9 a temp]ature ( #fj or #fe4 ,:5 l>ge en\gh to h&le1 transf] ! se$l+s to small pots1 &1 if necess>y1 %ade !m = a few days4 ,keep !m ne> ! glass until ! roots are e/abli%$1 & all[ !m to suff] no *eck f fir/ to la/4 ,,febru>y ,! "w ( ?is mon? is to be c>ri$ on z wea!r p]mits1 b ) great] activity & m confid5ce1 = ! sun is fa/ ga9+ p[]4 ,e>ne/ digg+1 lib]al manur+1 & scrupul\s cleans+ are ! tasks t /& =w>d z ( pre-em95t importance4 ,_m we$s1 gr\ndsel especially1 w n[ be com+ into fl[]1 & if all[$ to se$ w make enorm\s "w lat] on4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 to rememb]--:at few p d rememb]1 because ! fact has n be5 press$ ^u _! att5tion--t we$s ( all k9ds1 s long z !y are n 9 fl[]1 are really useful z manure :5 dug into ! soil4 ,!re=e a we$y pat* is n ( necessity go+ to ru92 b if ! we$s are n /opp$ 9 "t1 !y spread by _! se$s & m> ! ord] ( ! g>d54 ,dig !m 91 & _! decay w n\ri% ! next crop4 ,if e>ly s[+ is practis$1 & ! e>lie/ possible produce ( ev]y?+ is aim$ at1 !re mu/ be always at h& ! means ( protection1 su* z litt]1 spruce bran*es1 mats1 or o!r mat]ial1 z circum/ances require4 ,! vigilant g>d5] is n surpris$ by ! wea!r1 b is always arm$ = an em]g5cy4 ,read ! notes = ,janu>y be=e proce$+ fur!r2 & 9 respect ( :at rema9s undone1 sp>e ! necessity ( rem9d]s "h4 ,frame ,gr\nd %\ld be kept scrupul\sly clean & ord]ly4 ,_m ?+s w require wat]+ n[1 b wat] mu/ n be c>elessly giv51 because damp is hurtful dur+ fro/y wea!r4 ,take c>e t ! plants are n cr[d+ & />v+1 or !y w come to no good4 ,arti*oke1 ,globe4--,plants f a s[+ made n[ 9 a frame1 & transf]r$ to ! op5 at ! end ( ,april1 w g5]ally produce heads 9 ! foll[+ ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 & ,octob]4 ,arti*okes1 ,j]usalem1 may be plant$ ?is mon? :]e x has be5 possible to prep>e ! gr\nd4 ,use :ole sets if conv5i5t1 or plant cut sets ) ab\t ?ree eyes 9 ea*4 ,beans1 ,broad1 may be s[n bo? = e>ly & ma9 crops n[1 & ) b little risk ( damage by spr+ fro/s4 ,! drie/ & w>me/ situation %\ld be select$ = ! e>ly sorts1 & ! /ronge/ l& = ! late ones4 ,if s[+s 7 made 9 frames la/ mon?1 take c>e to h>d5 ! plants cauti\sly prep>atory to plant+ out2 if caught by a %>p fro/1 e "o w p]i%4 ,beans1 ,fr5*4--,to prec$e ! outdoor crops make a s[+ ( ,dw>f ,fr5* ,beans 9 frames1 & ( ! ,climb+ ,fr5* v>ieties 9 or*>d-h\ses or o!r available spaces "u glass4 ,beet4--,s[+s ( ! ,globe v>iety may be made ?is mon? & 9 ,m>*1 on a g5tle hot-b$ "u frames1 to provide roots 9 advance ( ! outdoor supplies4 ,broccoli4--,s[ on a w>m %elt]$ bord]1 & also 9 a frame4 ,) su* an important crop at ?is "t ( ye>1 !re %\ld be at lea/ two /r+s to ! b[4 ,brussels ,spr\ts4--,= an e>ly ga!r+ ( l>ge buttons a s[+ %\ld be made n[ on ! w>m bord]4 ,?is vegetable requires a long p]iod ( gr[? to atta9 p]fection1 & ^? :o s[ late r>ely obta9 su* f9e buttons z ! plant is capable ( produc+4 ,cabbage may be s[n 9 pans or boxes plac$ 9 a frame1 to be plant$ out 9 due "t = summ] use1 & f a quick-gr[+ v>iety t5d] he>ts may be cut almo/ z e>ly z f autumn-s[n plants4 ,:]e plantations /& r ?ick1 draw z fa/ z possible f among/ !m e alt]nate plant1 to all[ ! rema9d] ample space = he>t+4 ,x is well to rememb] t ! small loose he>ts ( immature ,cabbages make a m delicate di% ?an ! mo/ complete :ite he>ts2 b :5 gr[n = m>ket1 or to meet a l>ge dem&1 !re mu/ be bulk & sub/ance4 ,cabbages are 9 con/ant reque/ to m5d1 & to make /ol5 crops1 or take ! place ( any?+ t fails pa/ recov]y4 ,capsicum & ,*ili %\ld be s[n n[ or 9 ,m>* on a hot-b$1 & be pott$ on until ! plants are fit to be plac$ 9 ! gre5h\se or cons]vatory4 ,caulifl[]4--,ano!r s[+ %\ld be made "u glass to supply a succession ( plants4 ,corn ,salad ?rives well 9 any soil n p>ticul>ly heavy1 ! be/ be+ a s&y f]tile loam4 ,s[ 9 drills six in*es ap>t2 keep ! hoe well at "w1 & :5 ready ?9 ! plants out to six in*es ap>t4 ,!y %\ld be eat5 "y4 ,c\ve ,tron*uda produces two di/9ct di%es4 ,! top =ms a ,cabbage ( ! mo/ delicate flav\r & col\r1 & furni%es ! be/ possible di% ( gre5s 9 autumn2 & ! midribs ( ! l>ge/ leaves may be cook$ 9 ! mann] ( ,sea ,kale1 & w be f\nd excell5t4 ,?is delici\s vegetable may be secur$ = use 9 summ] & autumn & f> on into ! w9t] by successive s[+s 9 ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 & ,april2 ! fir/ s[+s to be assi/$ ) heat4 ,! plants %\ld be put out z e>ly z possible on ri* soil at f two to ?ree feet ea* way2 !y mu/ h pl5ty ( wat] 9 a dry summ]4 ,! season ( ,portugal ,cabbage may be prolong$ by tak+ up :at plants are left be=e sev]e fro/ occurs1 & heel+ !m into a bank ( dry e>? 9 a %$ or ou?\se4 ,egg ,plant4--,! fruits ( ,egg ,plants play a m important "p 9 ! cook]y ( ! ,fr5* & ,italians ?an ) u1 & !y make a delici\s di% :5 prop]ly cook$4 ,se$ may be rais$ 9 heat1 b :5 summ] comes ! plants ?rive 9 ri* soil at ! foot ( a wall fac+ s\?4 ,! :ite & purple v>ieties are gr[n = ornam5t z well z = cook+4 ,s[ n[ or 9 ,m>* 9 heat1 & 9 ,june ! plants %\ld be ready = transf]r+ to ri* soil 9 a %elt]$ spot1 all[+ ea* "o a space ( two feet4 ,g>lic to be plant$ 9 r[s1 n9e in*es ap>t ea* way1 & two in*es deep 9 ri* mell[ soil4 ,lettuce4--,s[ aga9 on a w>m bord] & 9 frames4 ,plant out 9 mild wea!r any t are fit f frames & hot-b$s1 fir/ mak+ sure t !y are well h>d5$4 ,mu/>d4--,x is easy "w ) a frame to h ,mu/>d at any "t2 & _m small s[+s are bett] ?an l>ge ones1 :i* only result 9 wa/e to-day & want to-morr[4 ,onion4--,!re is /ill "t = s[+ se$ 9 boxes prep>atory to plant+ out 9 ,april4 ,p>sley to be s[n 9 ! latt] "p ( ! mon?4 ,p>snip %\ld be s[n z e>ly z possible1 on ! deepe/ & be/ gr\nd z reg>ds texture2 b x ne$ n be on ! ri*e/1 = if ! roots c pu% d[n !y w get :at !y want f ! subsoil1 & !re=e x is ( great importance to put ?is crop on gr\nd t 0 dug twice 9 ! autumn4 ,pea4--,s[ e>ly sorts 9 quantity n[1 9 accordance ) probable requirem5ts2 b !re w be a loss r ?an a ga9 ( "t if !y are s[n on pa/y gr\nd or dur+ bad wea!r4 ,!re are n[ _m excell5t sorts ( mod]ate height1 & ^! give ! lea/ tr\ble 9 _! managem5t2 b a few ( ! tall] v>ieties /ill rema9 9 fav\r1 because ( _! f9e quality4 ,h[ev]1 !re is "t yet = s[+ mid-season & late ,peas2 b ! soon] "s ( ! fir/-e>lies are 91 ! bett]4 ,x is cu/om>y to s[ _m r[s 9 a plot r close toge!r1 b x is bett] practice to put !m s f> ap>t z to admit ( two or ?ree r[s ( e>ly ,potatoes betwe5 e two r[s ( ,peas4 ,?is insures abundance ( light & air to ! ,peas1 & ! latt] are ( great value to protect ! ,potatoes f ,may fro/s t (t5 kill d[n ! ris+ %aws4 ,a w>m1 dry1 f]tile soil is ne$$ = fir/-e>ly ,peas4 ,^? already up & 9 a bad plight %\ld be dug 9 & ! r[s s[n aga94 ,x is wor?y ( note t if ,peas are ?or\ghly p9*$ & />v$ by h>d wea!r1 !y r>ely prove a success2 !re=e1 if !y g wrong1 sacrifice !m )\t hesitation & beg9 aga94 ,:]e e>ly r[s are do+ well put /icks to !m at once1 z ! /icks af=d consid]able protection1 & ! effect may be augm5t$ by /rew+ on ! w9dw>d side small h$ge clipp+s & o!r light dry /uff4 ,radi%es1 to be mild1 t5d]1 & h&some1 mu/ be gr[n rapidly4 ,if *eck$1 !y become hot1 t\gh1 & wor?less4 ,mu* may be done to =w>d a crop by means ( dry litt] & mats to protect ! plants f fro/1 remov+ ! protection 9 fav\rable wea!r to give ! crop ! fulle/ possible b5efit ( air & sun%9e4 ,old worn-out frames t w sc>cely hold toge!r w pay _! fir/ co/ ov] aga91 ) ! aid ( a little skill1 9 gr[+ ,radi%es4 ,rhub>b %\ld be tak5 up & divid$1 & plant$ aga9 9 ri* moi/ soil1 e sep>ate piece to h only "o good eye4 ,d n ga!r ?is season f ! new plantation1 b always h a piece "o ye> old to supply ! kit*54 ,?is me?od w insure /icks to be pr\d (1 n only = size1 b = col\r & flav\r4 ,savoys are valu$ by "s :5 small1 & by o!rs !y are priz$ = size z mu* z = _! excell5t flav\r :5 well fro/$4 ,l>ge ,savoys mu/ h a long season ( gr[?2 !re=e s[ z soon z possible1 ei!r 9 a frame1 or on a ri*1 mell[ se$b$1 & be ready to prick !m out be=e !y become cr[d$4 ,sea ,kale4--,! plantations res]v$ = late/ supplies %\ld n be cov]$ until !y beg9 to pu% naturally1 & !n ! cov]+s mu/ be put on to blan* ! gr[? effectually4 ,op5-gr\nd ,sea ,kale may be uncov]$ z soon z cut1 b a little litt] %\ld be left to give protection & help ! "y %oots to rise1 because aft] blan*+ ! cutt+ is a sev]e tax on ! plant1 & x has to beg9 life afre% & prep>e = ! "w ( ! next season4 ,%allot4--,:5 well gr[n ! clumps are bigg] ?an a man's fi/1 & ea* sep>ate bulb ?ick] ?an a walnut4 ,to gr[ !m well !y mu/ h "t2 s plant e>ly1 on ri* gr\nd1 9 r[s "o foot ap>t & ! bulbs ab\t n9e in*es asund]4 ,press !m into ! e>? deep en\gh to hold !m firmly1 b !y are n to be q buri$4 ,sp9a*4--,s[ ! ,r\nd-se$$ pl5tifully2 if ov]done ! extra crop c be dug 9 z manure1 & 9 t way w pay4 ,tomato4--,9 _m g>d5s ! fir/ s[+ is made ?is mon?1 & :5 treat$ fairly1 ! plants come into be>+ 9 ab\t f\r mon?s4 ,use good por\s soil = ! se$-pans4 ,s[ v ?9ly 9 a temp]ature ( #fj or #fe1 & get ! plants into ?umb pots :ile !y are q small4 ,turnip may be s[n on w>m bord]s1 b x is too e>ly = l>ge bread?s 9 op5 qu>t]s4 ,,m>* ,?is is ! great season = g>d5 "w1 & ! g>d5] mu/ be up ) ! l>k & g to b$ ) ! rob91 :i* is ! late/ ( birds to bid f>ewell to a sunny day4 ,! fir/ c>e %\ld be to make good all arre>s1 especially 9 ! prep>ation ( se$-b$s1 & ! clean+ ( plots t are 9 any way disord]ly4 ,:]e e>ly-s[n crops h evid5tly fail$1 s[ aga9 )\t compla9+2 se$ co/s b little1 & a good plant is ! e>ne/ ( a good crop2 a bad plant w probably nev] pay ! r5t ( ! gr\nd x occupies4 ,ke5 ea/ w9ds may cause imm5se damage1 b a little protection provid$ 9 "t w d wond]s to w>d (f _! effects1 & ! sunny days t are n[ s welcome1 & t we are pretty sure to h1 w af=d opportunity = giv+ air to plants 9 frames1 = cle>+ away litt]1 & = ! regul> r\t9e "w ( ! season4 ,se$ ( almo/ e vegetable gr[n 9 ! g>d5 may be s[n 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*4 ,make successional s[+s ( :atev] x may be advisable to put "u cov] or on heat1 & !n proce$ ) op5-gr\nd s[+s z wea!r & circum/ances p]mit4 ,! wea!r is ! ma/] ( outdoor "w1 & x is %e] wa/e ( "t to fight aga9/ x4 ,x is bett] to wait to ! end ( ! mon?1 or ev5 f> into ! next1 be=e s[+ a se$ ?an to s[ on pa/y gr\nd4 ,b x matt]s n h[ dry ! gr\nd may be1 & if ! w9d bl[s ke5ly1 t %\ld only be an inducem5t to brisk action2 = se$s well s[n h ev]y?+ 9 _! fav\r if !y are n too e>ly = ! di/rict4 ,v important inde$ x is n[ to secure a ,hot-b$4--,to make "o is easy en\gh1 b x is ( no use to half make x2 = half-acres 9 ?is dep>tm5t d n be> good corn4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 secure a great bulk ( manure1 & if x is long & gre51 turn x two or ?ree times1 tak+ c>e t x is always mod]ately moi/1 b nev] actually wet4 ,if ! /uff is too dry1 spr9kle ) wat] at e turn1 & let x /eam away to take ! ranke/ fire out ( x4 ,!n make x up :]e requir$ 9 a squ>e heap1 all[+ x to settle 9 its own way )\t tread+ or beat+4 ,put on a foot-dep? ( light1 ri* soil aft] ! frames are 9 _! places1 & wait a few days to s[ ! se$ 9 case ( a great heat ris+4 ,:5 ! temp]ature is /eady & com=table1 s[ se$s 9 pots & pans1 z ne$ful1 ! quantity requir$ ( ea* sep>ate crop1 & /& !m on bricks above ! b$1 & ! heat w !n be none too mu* = !m4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days f9i% ! "w by putt+ 9 a body ( e>?4 ,d n attempt to hurry ! gr[? ( any?+ ov]mu*1 = undue ha/e w produce a weak plant2 r give air & light 9 pl5ty1 b ) c>e to prev5t injuri\s *eck1 & ! plants w be %ort & heal?y f ! fir/4 ,arti*okes1 ,globe1 to be cle>$ ( protect+ mat]ial z soon z wea!r p]mits1 & fre% plantations made ready = suck]s to be put 9 next mon?4 ,a new plantation may also be =m$ by s[+ se$s2 9 fact1 a s[+ ought to be made e ye>4 ,:]e e>ly produce is requir$1 ! plants %\ld be protect$ dur+ w9t] to supply suck]s 9 ! spr+2 b1 if late supplies suffice1 ! s[+ ( a few r[s e ye> w r$uce ! lab\r1 & r5d] ! production ( ,globe ,arti*okes a v simple affair4 ,arti*okes1 ,j]usalem1 may be plant$ n[ advantage\sly4 ,/rong1 deep soil produces ! be/ crop1 & l>ge roots are always pref]r$ by ! cook1 because ( ! inevitable wa/e 9 prep>+ ?is vegetable4 ,! ,j]usalem ,arti*oke is c]ta9ly n prop]ly appreciat$1 & "o reason is t x is (t5 c>elessly gr[n 9 any out-(-!-way />v+ corn]1 :]eas x ne$s a sunny1 op5 spot1 & a /rong1 deep soil1 & pl5ty ( room4 ,to hide an ugly f5ce dur+ summ] no m useful plant is gr[n4 ,asp>agus4--,little att5tion is requir$ z yet1 except to remove e we$ z soon z x c be se54 ,if ! b$s are dry1 & !re are no indications ( com+ ra91 "o good soak+ ( wat] or weak sewage w be v b5eficial4 ,m>k out & make b$s = s[+ se$ next mon?4 ,bean1 ,broad4--,plant out ^? rais$ 9 frames1 & e>? up ^? f e>ly s[+s t are =w>d en\gh4 ,s[ = ma9 crops & late supplies4 ,9 late di/ricts a few ( ! e>lie/ sorts may be s[n to come 9 be=e ! ,w9dsor section4 ,beet4--,s[ a little se$ = an e>ly supply1 9 well-dug mell[ soil4 ,! crop w ne$ protection 9 ! ev5t ( fro/4 ,broccoli = autumn use to be s[n e>ly2 & at ! end ( ! mon? s[ aga9 9 quantity = w9t] supplies4 ,9 mild wea!r1 put out ! plants f ! e>li] s[+s made 9 frames z soon z !y are fit & well h>d5$4 ,brussels ,spr\ts4--,look aft] ! b$ s[n la/ mon?1 & s[ aga9 = ! ma9 crop4 ,! be/ possible se$-b$ is want$ & a ri* well-till$ soil = ! plants :5 put out4 ,cabbage ( two or ?ree k9ds %\ld be s[n n[ to supply plants = fill+ up z crops are tak5 (f1 & also to pat* & m5d :]e failures happ54 ,:]e ! own] ( a g>d5 has opportunities ( help+ 8 poor] neighb\rs1 he may conf] a real b5efit by supply+ !m ) ,cabbage & ,w9t] ,gre5s = plant+ 9 _! g>d5 plots4 ,cottag]s too (t5 beg9 ) bad /ocks--v mu* to _! disc\ragem5t 9 g>d5+1 & to ! loss ( :olesome food ! g>d5 %\ld supply4 ,! ranke/ manure may be employ$ 9 prep>+ gr\nd = ,cabbage1 res]v+ ! well-rott$ manure = se$-b$s & o!r purposes = :i* x w be requir$4 ,a s[+ ( ,r$ ,cabbage n[ w insure heads = pickl+ 9 autumn4 ,c>rot4--,s[ "o ( ! quick-gr[+ v>ieties at ! fir/ opportunity1 b wait = signs ( settl$ spr+ wea!r to s[ ! ma9 crops ( l>ge sorts4 ,caulifl[]4--,plant out z wea!r p]mits f h&-lights & frames1 *oos+ ! be/ gr\nd = ?is vegetable4 ,9 prep>+ a plot = ,caulifl[]1 use pl5ty ( manure2 & if x is only half-rott51 x w be bett] ?an if x 7 old & mell[4 ,cel]iac4--,s f> z se$ s[+ is conc]n$1 ,cel]iac may be treat$ 9 ! same way z ,cel]y4 ,cel]y4--,= ! e>lie/ supply1 s[ on ! fir/ ( ! mon? a p9* ( se$ ( "o or m ( ! small] r$ or :ite sorts on a mild hot-b$1 or 9 an e>ly v9]y4 ,z soon z ! plants are l>ge en\gh to h&le1 prick !m out ?ree in*es ap>t on a nice mell[ b$ ( ri* soil on a half-sp5t hot-b$2 give !m pl5ty ( light1 ) free v5tilation z wea!r all[s1 & con/ant supplies ( wat]4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! mon? s[ aga9 & prick out z be=e2 b if no hot-b$ is available1 a well-prep>$ b$ 9 a frame 9 a sunny position w answ]2 or1 if ! season is some:at advanc$1 a b$ ( rott5 manure1 two or ?ree in*es deep1 on a piece ( h>d gr\nd1 w suffice1 if ! plants are kept regul>ly wat]$4 ,f ?is b$ !y w lift ) nice roots = plant+ out1 sc>cely feel+ ! removal at all4 ,*ives to be divid$ & re-plant$ on a spot :i* has n previ\sly be5 occupi$ ) ! crop4 ,cucumb]4--,! v9es %\ld n[ be 9 a fl\ri%+ condition1 b x is necess>y to look =w>d to ! day :5 !y w fall into ! s]e & yell[ leaf4 ,m se$ s[n s+ly 9 pots w provide a succession ( plants4 ,re-pot !m once or twice if desirable1 & :5 l>ge en\gh turn !m out betwe5 ! fir/ lot4 ,z ! old plants fail1 ! new-com]s w supply _! places4 ,sett+ ! bloom1 z x is call$1 is n only useless1 b is a mis*iev\s proc$ure4 ,x results 9 ! enl>gem5t ( "o end ( ! fruit1 & ru9s its appe>ance4 ,if se$ be ! object1 ( c\rse ! process is ju/ifiable2 b = ! table a #8bottle nose' _c be reg>d$ z an ornam5t4 ,besides1 ! rip5+ ( se$ 9 a s+le fruit w mat]ially dim9i% ! usefulness ( ! plant1 & p]haps entirely end its c>e]4 ,/opp+ ! v9e is a necessity1 b x %\ld n be done too soon4 ,9 ! e>ly /age ( gr[?1 x r$uces ! vig\r ( ! plant & ret>ds its fruit+2 b :5 ! fruit is visible1 /opp+ aids its developm5t & at ! same "t t5ds to regulate & equalise ! gr[?4 ,frame culture ( ,cucumb]s is usually begun 9 ,m>*4 ,!re are m5 :o c produce fruit f hot-b$s all ! ye> r\nd1 b x is a difficult task1 & z a rule ought n to be expect$4 ,at ?is "t ( ye>1 h[ev]1 success is fairly )9 rea* ( ord9>y skill4 ,9 q ! e>ly "p ( ! mon? put se$ s+ly into pots :i* mu/ be kept 9 a w>m1 moi/ place4 ,! plants w !n be ready = frames at ! end ( ! mon?4 ,! mo/ important bus9ess is ! prep>ation ( ! b$1 & 9 ?is1 z 9 all else1 !re is a "r & a wrong way ( do+ ! "w4 ,accurately set out ! space on :i* x is to be made4 ,if !re is pl5ty ( manure1 make ! b$ l>ge en\gh to project eighte5 in*es beyond ! lights all r\nd4 ,b if manure is sc>ce1 cut ! m>g9 clos]1 & tru/ to a hot l9+ :5 ! heat beg9s to flag4 ,comm5ce ) ! outside ( ! b$1 employ+ ! long /uff 9 its con/ruction2 & keep ?is "p ( ! "w a little 9 advance ( ! c5tre until ! full height is rea*$4 ,a b$ made 9 ?is way w n fall to pieces1 & ! heat w be durable 9 proportion to its size & ?ickness4 ,:]e fall5 leaves are abundant1 !y %\ld be us$ = ! middle ( ! b$1 & !y w give a m la/+ heat ?an %ort manure4 ,:5 ! b$ has settl$ d[n to a /eady temp]ature1 add six or n9e in*es ( mell[ loam ov] ! entire surface1 ^u :i* place ! frames4 ,to insure dra9age1 x is an excell5t plan to lay common flake hurdles on ! top ( ! heap be=e add+ ! soil4 ,^! d n 9 ! lea/ int]f]e ) ! free runn+ ( ! roots4 ,x is usual to h two plants "u ea* light1 b :]e ! managem5t is good1 "o is q en\gh4 ,! subsequ5t "w consi/s ( %ad+ & %elt]+1 to prev5t any s]i\s *eck f try+ wea!r1 & 9 giv+ j wat] en\gh & no m4 ,! f]m5t+ mat]ial %\ld su/a9 ! temp]ature ( ! frame1 ev5 dur+ fro/y nights1 & mats w scre5 (f /rong sun%9e z well z cold w9ds4 ,! plants w ne$ /opp+ e>li] ?an ^? gr[n 9 h\ses1 & z !re are no hot-pipes to dissipate ! moi/ure1 r less wat] w be necess>y1 bo? 9 ! soil & f ! syr+e4 ,b ! wat] employ$ %\ld always be ( ! same temp]ature z ! b$4 ,?is is easily manag$ by keep+ a full c /&+ ) ! plants4 ,9 l>ge frames1 :]e !re is a good body ( manure & ! loam is mell[ & turfy1 pieces ( ,mu%room spawn c be ins]t$ all ov] ! b$4 ,! ,mu%rooms may appe> :ile ! b$ is 9 full be>+2 b if !y d n !y w come :5 ! plants are cle>$ out1 & pay well to keep ! lights 9 use ano!r mon? or s4 ,g>lic may /ill be plant$1 b no "t is to be lo/4 ,h]bs ( _m k9ds may be s[n or divid$1 & x w be necess>y to look ov] ! ,h]b qu>t] & see h[ ?+s /& = ! supplies t w be requir$4 ,a little lat]1 excess ( "w may prev5t due att5tion to ?is dep>tm5t4 ,horse-radi% to be plant$1 if n done already4 ,kohl ,rabi1 or ,knol ,kohl1 to be s[n 9 small quantity at ! end ( ! mon?1 & onw>ds to ,augu/1 z requir$4 ,if cook$ :ile "y1 ! bulbs are an excell5t sub/itute = ,turnips 9 a hot1 dry season4 ,leek4--,s[ ! ma9 crop 9 v ri*1 well-prep>$ soil1 & r ?ickly1 z ! se$l+s w h to be plant$ out4 ,) a little managem5t ?is s[+ w yield a succession ( ,leeks4 ,lettuce4--,plant out & s[ aga9 9 quantity4 ,all ! k9ds may be s[n n[1 b make sure ( en\gh ( ! ,cos & small] ,cabbage v>ieties4 ,9 hot1 dry soils1 :]e ,lettuces usually run to se$ e>ly1 try "s ( ! r$-leav$ k9ds1 = ?\gh less delicate ?an ! gre5 & :ite1 !y w be useful 9 ! ev5t ( a scor*+ summ]4 ,lettuces require a deep free soil ) pl5ty ( manure4 ,melon4--,raise a few se$s s+ly 9 pots1 9 read9ess = putt+ "u frames on hot-b$s next mon?4 ,re-pot ! plants1 & repeat ! process if ! b$s are n ready1 = ,melons mu/ n be />v$1 especially 9 ! e>ly /age ( gr[?4 ,"s gr[]s make up ! b$s 9 ,m>*1 & s[ ^u !m :5 ! heat becomes /eady1 b ! practice is some:at prec>i\s4 ,9 a cold1 late spr+ ! heat may n la/ a suffici5t "t to c>ry ! plants safely into w>m wea!r4 ,h5ce x is m reliable to raise !m n[ 9 a w>m h\se1 & make ! b$ at ! beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,onion4--,! plants already rais$ 9 boxes to be remov$ to cold frames4 ,if necess>y1 !y %\ld be prick$ (f into o!r boxes 9 ord] to avoid ov]cr[d+4 ,keep ! frames close at fir/1 b give air ) increas+ fre$om z ! "t approa*es = transf] to ! op5 gr\nd4 ,s[ ! ma9 crop 9 drills n9e in*es ap>t1 & tread or beat ! gr\nd firm4 ,?is crop requires a ri* soil 9 a ?or\ghly clean & mell[ condition1 & x makes a capital f9i% to ! se$-b$ to give x a good coat ( *>r$ rubbi% or smo!r a% be=e s[+ ! se$4 ,p>snip4--,s[ ma9 crop 9 %all[ drills eighte5 in*es ap>t 9 good soil deeply dug4 ,! se$ %\ld be lightly cov]$1 & new se$ is indisp5sable4 ,pea4--,s[ ! f9e/ sorts ( ! ,m>r[fat class4 ,take c>e to put !m on ! be/ se$-b$ t c be made1 & all[ suffici5t room betwe5 ! tall] sorts = a few r[s ( ,cabbage1 ,broccoli1 or ,potatoes4 ,a cr[d$ qu>t] ( ,peas is nev] satisfactory2 ! r[s smo!r ea* o!r1 & ! %ad$ p>ts ( ! haulm produce next to no?+4 ,potato4--,a small quantity = e>ly use %\ld be plant$ at ! op5+ ( ! mon? :5 ! gr\nd is dry & ! wea!r s(t4 ,if plant$ :5 fro/ or cold w9ds prevail1 sets may become some:at %rivell$ be=e !y are cov]$1 & e c>e %\ld be tak5 to prev5t su* a *eck to ! initial vig\r ( ! plant4 ,! fir/-e>ly sorts w necess>ily h ! *ief att5tion n[1 & w>m %elt]$ spots %\ld be select$ = !m4 ,any fairly good soil w produce a passable crop ( ,potatoes2 b to secure a fir/-class sample ( any e>ly sort1 ! gr\nd %\ld be made up ) ! aid ( turfy soil & *>r+s ( h$ge clipp+s & o!r light1 w>m1 n\ri%+ mat]ial4 ,/rong manures are n to be desir$1 b a mell[1 k9dly1 f]tile soil is really necess>y1 & x w always pay well to take extra pa9s 9 its prep>ation1 because all ! light rubbi% t accumulates 9 y>ds & ou?\ses c be turn$ to acc\nt ) only a mod]ate am\nt ( lab\r1 & ! result ( c>eful appropriation ( su* rubbi% w be ?or\ghly satisfactory4 ,burn all ! *ips & /icks & o!r /ubborn /uff1 & lay ! mixture 9 ! tr5*es :5 plant+1 s t ! roots may f9d x at _! fir/ />t4 ,z ! ,potato disease does n usually appe> until late 9 summ]1 e>ly plant+ is a safe precaution1 = x insures e>ly rip5+ ( ! crop4 ,! plant+ ( ma9 crops may comm5ce t[>ds ! end ( ,m>* & be complet$ dur+ ,april1 accord+ to ! locality & ! condition ( ! soil4 ,radi%4--,f ,m>* to ,septemb] make successive s[+s 9 ! coole/ place t c be f\nd = !m4 ,scorzon]a to be treat$ mu* ! same z ,salsify4 ,see note on ! latt] "u ,april4 ,sea ,kale to be s[n 9 well-prep>$ b$s2 or plantations may be made ( ! small] roots ( ! ?ickness ( a lead p5cil1 & ab\t f\r in*es 9 l5g?4 ,plant !m top end upp]mo/1 & deep en\gh to be j cov]$4 ,sp9a*4--,s[ 9 pl5ty4 ,! ,p]petual or ,sp9a* ,beet %\ld n be =gott54 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ useful vegetables kn[n1 z x endures heat & cold ) impunity1 & :5 common ,sp9a* is runn+ to se$ ! ,p]petual v>iety rema9s gre5 & succul5t1 & fit to supply ! table all ! summ] long4 ,sp9a*1 ,new ,zeal&1 is ano!r excell5t vegetable 9 high summ] :5 ! ,r\nd-se$$ v>iety is wor?less4 ,! plant is r t5d]1 & = an e>ly supply ! se$ mu/ be s[n 9 mod]ate heat1 ei!r 9 ?is mon? or 9 ,april4 ,:5 l>ge en\gh1 get ! se$l+s into small pots1 & gradually h>d5 !m be=e plant+ 9 ! op5 ab\t ! end ( ,may4 ,/rawb]ries4--,spr+ is und\bt$ly pref]able to autumn = plant+1 & results 9 a f9] crop ( fruit 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,j z gr[? is comm5c+ is ! mo/ fav\rable "t1 & ?is1 ( c\rse1 dep5ds on ! "* ( ! season4 ,alp9e ,/rawb]ries may be s[n outdoors ?is mon? or 9 ,septemb] = fruit+ 9 ! succe$+ ye>4 ,tomato4--,9 ord9>y seasons & 9 ! s\!rn c\nties !re is no difficulty 9 produc+ h&some ,tomatoes 9 ! op5 bord]2 b to rip5 ! fruit ) c]ta9ty x is imp]ative t an e>ly v>iety be *os54 ,) ! rise ( latitude1 h[ev]1 ! crop becomes increas+ly prec>i\s1 until 9 ! ,nor? x is impossible to f9i% ,tomatoes )\t ! aid ( glass4 ,= plants :i* are to rip5 fruit 9 ! op51 a s[+ %\ld be made e>ly 9 ! mon?1 9 ! mann] advis$ "u ,janu>y4 ,plants :i* are ready %\ld be transf]r$ to small ?umb pots4 ,put !m 9 s t ! fir/ leaves t\* ! rim ( ! pot1 & place !m 9 a close frame or w>m "p ( ! gre5h\se = a few days until ! roots take hold4 ,to save !m f becom+ leggy1 give ea* plant ample space1 & avoid a =c+ temp]ature4 ,a %elf 9 a gre5h\se is a good position1 & plants 9 a s+le r[ ^u x w gr[ /\t & %ort-jo9t$4 ,?rips & aphis are extremely p>tial to ,tomatoes4 ,frequ5t spr9kl+s 9 bright wea!r w help to keep d[n ! =m]1 & w at ! same "t b5efit ! plants4 ,bo? pe/s c be de/roy$ by fumigat+ ) tobacco1 & :5 ! rem$y is to be appli$ wat] %\ld be )held on t day4 ,a mod]ate am\nt ( smoke 9 ! ev5+ & ano!r application 9 ! morn+ w be m de/ructive to ! v]m91 & less injuri\s to ! plants1 ?an "o /rong dose4 ,! usual syr++ mu/ foll[4 ,plants = ! op5 gr\nd mu/ n be />v$ :ile 9 pots2 !y w ne$ pott+ on until ! #d-a_/b-;in* or #f-;in* size is rea*$1 & x is important t !y %\ld nev] be dry at ! roots4 ,%ad+ w only be necess>y dur+ fi]ce sun%9e2 9 e>ly morn+ & late 9 ! aft]noon !y w be bett] )\t x4 ,wat] ,cress4--,x is q a mi/ake to suppose t a runn+ /ream is requisite = gr[+ ?is plant1 & x is equally a mi/ake to suppose t ! prop] flav\r c be secur$ )\t ! con/ant use ( wat]4 ,s[ 9 a tr5*1 wat] regul>ly & copi\sly1 & mild & t5d] ,wat] ,cress w rew>d ! lab\r4 ,w9t] ,gre5s ( all k9ds to be s[n 9 pl5ty & 9 consid]able v>iety2 = 9 ! ev5t ( a sev]e w9t] "s k9ds w prove h>di] ?an o!rs4 ,,april ,vegetation is n[ 9 full activity1 ! temp]ature increases rapidly1 fro/s are less frequ5t1 & %[]s & sun%9e alt]nate 9 _! mutual endeav\rs to clo! ! e>? ) v]dure & fl[]s4 ,! g>d5] is b\nd to be vigilant n[ to assi/ ,nature 9 h] endeav\rs to b5efit him2 he mu/ promote ! gr[? ( 8 crops by all ! means 9 8 p[]2 by ply+ ! hoe to keep d[n we$s & op5 ! soil to sun%9e & %[]s2 by ?9n+ & regulat+ 8 plantations1 t air & light may h free access to ! plants left to atta9 maturity2 by cont9u+ to %elt] z may be ne$$2 & by adm9i/]+ wat] dur+ dry wea!r1 t vegetation may b5efit to ! utmo/ by ! happy accession ( increas+ sunlight4 ,arti*oke1 ,globe4--,suck]s to be put 9 ! plantations prep>$ = !m la/ mon?1 9 r[s ?ree to f\r feet ap>t ea* way4 ,asp>agus4--- ,rake (f into ! alleys ! remnant ( manure f ! autumn dress+1 & z soon z ! wea!r is fav\rable give ! b$s a light application ( salt4 ,if new b$s are requir$1 !re mu/ be no "t lo/ ei!r to s[ se$ or get 9 plants4 ,our advice to ^? :o require only "o small plantation is to =m x by plant+ /rong roots2 b ^? :o int5d to gr[ ,asp>agus l>gely may s[ d[n a b$ e ye>1 until !y h en\gh1 & !n leave well alone2 = a b$ prop]ly made w la/ t5 ye>s at ! v lea/1 if tak5 c>e (4 ,x has be5 cle>ly demon/rat$ t ?is mu*-e/eem$ vegetable may be gr[n to p]fection 9 any g>d5 ) little m exp5se ?an att5ds o!r crops1 provid$ only t a reasonable am\nt ( skill is br\ght to be> ^u ! und]tak+4 ,a deep1 ri*1 s&y loam suits x4 ,dig 9 a good body ( manure1 & provide a mell[ se$-b$4 ,?is be+ done1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to s[ ?9ly1 &1 9 due "t1 to ?9 sev]ely2 = a cr[d$ plant w nev] supply fat /icks4 ,b$s may be made by plant+ roots in/ead ( s[+ se$s1 b ! roots mu/ be fre%1 or !y w n prosp]4 ,! advantage ( us+ plants is t #8grass' may be cut e>li] ?an :5 produc$ f se$4 ,bean1 ,broad4--- ,s[+s may be made until ! middle ( ?is mon?1 aft] :i* "t !y are n likely to pay1 especially on hot soils4 ,x is cu/om>y to top ,beans :5 9 fl[]1 & ! practice has its advantages4 ,9 case ! black fly takes possession1 topp+ is a necessity1 = ! insect c only subsi/ on ! y\nge/ leaves at ! top ( ! plant1 & ! process pretty well cle>s !m away4 ,beans1 ,dw>f ,fr5*1 may be s[n outdoors at ! end ( ! mon?1 b n 9 quantity1 because ( ! risk ( de/ruction by fro/4 ,mu* may be done1 h[ev]1 to exp$ite ! supply ( ?is popul> vegetable1 & s[+s 9 boxes plac$ 9 g5tle heat or "u ! protection ( a frame w furni% plants :i* may be gradually h>d5$ (f = transf] to ! op5 9 ,may4 ,9 proportion to ! means at comm&1 e>ly s[+s outdoors w live or die1 z det]m9$ by ! wea!r1 al?\gh a v little protection is suffici5t to c>ry ! "y plants ?r\gh a bad "t 9 ! ev5t ( late fro/s & /orms4 ,b s[+s made at ! end ( ! mon? w probably prosp]4 ,bean1 ,climb+ ,fr5*4--,s[+s ( ! ,climb+ ,fr5* ,bean may be made ?is mon? z direct$ = ! ,dw>f ,fr5* class3 ! e>lie/ 9 g5tle heat = transplant+1 & lat] on 9 op5 qu>t]s = succession crops4 ,beet4--,at q ! end ( ! mon? s[ 9 drills1 a foot or fifte5 in*es ap>t1 on deep1 well-dug gr\nd1 )\t manure4 ,l>ge ,beets are n desir$ = ! kit*52 b r small1 deeply col\r$1 h&some roots are always valu$1 & ^! c only be gr[n 9 soil t has be5 /irr$ to a good dep?1 & is q free ( rec5t manur+4 ,broccoli4--,make ano!r s[+ ( sev]al sorts1 giv+ pref]5ce z yet to ! e>ly v>ieties4 ,9 p>ticul>ly late di/ricts1 &1 p]haps1 pretty g5]ally 9 ! ,nor?1 ! late ,broccoli %\ld be s[n n[1 b 9 ! ,midl&s & ! ,s\? !re is "t to sp>e = s[+4 ,be p>ticul> to h a good se$-b$1 t ! plants may gr[ well f ! fir/2 if ! e>ly gr[? be />v$1 ! plants become ! victims ( club & o!r ru9\s maladies4 ,brussels ,spr\ts4--,9 _m h\seholds late supplies ( ,brussels ,spr\ts are mu* valu$1 & z ! crop is capable ( endur+ sev]e wea!r1 a supplem5tal s[+ %\ld always be made dur+ ?is mon?4 ,ri* soil & pl5ty ( room are ess5tial4 ,cabbage4--,s[ ! l>g] k9ds = autumn use1 & "o or two r[s ( ! small] k9ds = plant+ 9 odd places z e>ly crops are cle>$ (f4 ,c[s1 pigs1 & p\ltry w always dispose ( surplus ,cabbage advantage\sly1 s !re c be no s]i\s objection to keep+ up a con/ant succession4 ,plant out f se$-b$s z fa/ z ! plants become /rong en\gh1 = /ifl+ & />v+ t5d to club1 mildew1 & bl9dness4 ,:]e ,r$ ,cabbage is 9 dem& = use ) game 9 autumn1 se$ %\ld be s[n n[4 ,c>doons to be s[n on l& heavily manur$ 9 r[s ?ree or f\r feet ap>t1 ! se$s 9 clumps ( ?ree ea*1 eighte5 in*es ap>t4 ,!y are sometimes s[n 9 tr5*es1 b we d n approve ( t sy/em1 = !y d n require moi/ure to ! ext5t ( ,cel]y1 & ! blan*+ c be effectually accompli%$ )\t x4 ,our advice is to plant on ! level1 unless ! gr\nd is p>ticul>ly dry & hot1 & !n tr5*es w be ( great s]vice 9 promot+ free gr[?4 ,to insure _! prop] flav\r1 ,c>doons mu/ be l>ge & fat4 ,c>rot4--,s[ ! ma9 crops & put !m on deeply dug gr\nd )\t manure4 ,caulifl[]s to be plant$ out at e opportunity1 w>m1 %[]y wea!r be+ mo/ fav\rable4 ,if cold wea!r %\ld foll[1 a l>ge proportion ( ! plants w be de/roy$ unless protect$1 & !re is no *eap] protection ?an empty fl[]-pots1 :i* may be left on all day1 z well z all night1 9 extreme cases :5 a kill+ ea/ w9d is bl[+4 ,s[ n[ = late summ] & autumn use1 prick ! plants out e>ly to save button+1 & !y w make a quick return4 ,cel]y4--,s[ 9 a w>m corn] ( ! op5 gr\nd on a b$ consi/+ l>gely ( rott5 manure4 ,x may happ5 9 a good season t ?is outdoor s[+ w prove ! mo/ successful1 z x w h no *eck f fir/ to la/1 & w be 9 j ! "r /ate = plant+ out :5 ! gr\nd is ready = x aft] ,peas & o!r e>ly crops4 ,if ,cel]y suff]s a s]i\s *eck at any "t1 x is apt to make holl[ /ems1 & !n ! quality is poor1 no matt] to :at size ! /icks may atta94 ,prick out ! plants f se$-pans on to a b$ ( rott5 manure1 re/+ on a h>d bottom1 9 frames or 9 %elt]$ nooks1 & look aft] !m ) extra c>e = a week or two4 ,good ,cel]y _c be gr[n by ! haphaz>d g>d5]4 ,endive4--,s[ a small quantity 9 mod]ate heat = ! fir/ supply1 9 drills six in*es ap>t1 & :5 an in* high prick out on to a b$ ( ri* light soil4 ,h]bs4--,*]vil1 ,f5nel1 ,hyssop1 & o!r flav\r+ & m$ic9al ,h]bs1 may be s[n n[ bett] ?an at any o!r "t1 z !y w />t at once into full gr[?1 & ne$ little aft]-c>e o!r ?an ?9n+ & we$+4 ,ri* soil is n requir$1 b ! position mu/ be dry & sunny4 ,leek to be s[n aga9 if ! =m] s[+ is insuffici5t or has fail$4 ,lettuce to be s[n = succession1 ! quick-gr[+1 t5d]-he>t$ k9ds be+ ! be/ to s[ n[4 ,plant out f frames & se$-pans4 ,a few =w>d plants may be ti$1 b z a rule ty+ is less desirable ?an mo/ p suppose4 ,c]ta9ly1 aft] ty+1 ! he>ts soon rot if n quickly eat52 & ,lettuces z f9e z c be desir$ may n[ be gr[n )\t ty+1 ! close-he>t+ sorts be+ v mu* improv$ 9 t respect4 ,melon4--,s[ aga9 = a second crop 9 h\ses1 & gr[ ! plants 9 pots until !y rea* a foot high4 ,! e>ly crop w !n be ripe1 & ! h\se c be cle>$ & syr+$ = a fre% />t4 ,f ?is s[+ fruit %\ld be ready ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,july4 ,! frame culture advis$ = ,cucumb]s w be "r = ,melons1 until ! fruits atta9 ! size ( a small orange4 ,!n a ?or\gh soak+ mu/ be giv51 & "u prop] managem5t no m wat] %\ld be necess>y4 ,a dry atmosph]e & free v5tilation are ess5tial to br+ ! fruit to p]fection4 ,/opp+ mu/ be comm5c$ e>ly by p9*+ out ! lead]1 & only "o eye %\ld be all[$ beyond ! fruit :i* are to rema94 ,six w be en\gh = "o plant to c>ry1 & !y %\ld be ne>ly ( a size1 = if "o obta9s a /rong lead1 x w be impossible to rip5 ! o!rs4 ,! rema9d] %\ld be gradually remov$ :ile "y4 ,! wor/ foe ( ! ,melon is r$ spid]1 & x is difficult to apply a rem$y )\t do+ mis*ief4 ,wat] w de/roy x1 b ?is may h disa/r\s results on ! fruit4 ,! mo/ c]ta9 prev5tive is /\t well-gr[n plants4 ,weakly specim5s appe> to invite attack1 & are incapable ( /ruggl+ aga9/ x4 ,:]e plants are occasionally lo/ ?r\gh decay at ! coll>1 small pieces ( *>coal laid 9 a circle r\nd ! /em h prov$ a simple & effectual antidote4 ,onion4--,! plants rais$ "u glass 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y %\ld be ready = plant+ out on "s fav\rable day ab\t mid-,april4 ,if any mi%ap has befall5 ! s[+s made 9 ! op5 9 ,m>* !re mu/ be no delay 9 res[+ e>ly 9 ! pres5t mon?1 = ,onions %\ld h good hold ( ! gr\nd be=e hot wea!r comes4 ,onions = pickl+ %\ld be gr[n ?ickly on poor gr\nd made firm4 ,! plants are n to be ?9n$1 b may be all[$ to /& z ?ick z pebbles on ! sea%ore4 ,! />v+ sy/em produces abundance ( small h&some bulbs t rip5 e>ly1 :i* are ! v ?+s want$ = pickl+4 ,! ,que5 & ,p>is ,silv]-sk9 are adapt$ = ! purpose4 ,p>sley to be s[n 9 quantity = summ] & autumn supply2 ?9 z soon z up1 to give ea* plant pl5ty ( room4 ,peas to be s[n aga9 = succession4 ,potato4--,take ! e>lie/ opportunity ( complet+ ! plant+ ( ma9 crops4 ,salsify4--,?is delici\s root1 :i* is sometimes designat$ ! #8,vegetable ,oy/]1' requires a piece ( gr\nd deeply tr5*$1 ) a ?ick lay] ( manure at ! bottom ( ! tr5*1 & n a p>ticle ( manure 9 ! body ( soil above x4 ,! roots /rike d[n into ! manure1 & atta9 a good size comb9$ ) f9e quality4 ,if c>elessly gr[n1 !y become =k$ & fibr\s1 & are mu* wa/$ 9 ! cook+1 besides be+ ( inf]ior flav\r4 ,s[ 9 r[s fifte5 in*es ap>t1 any "t f ! end ( ,m>* to ! beg9n+ ( ,may4 ,two s[+s w g5]ally suffice4 ,sp9a*4--,s[ ! ,long-/&+ v>iety1 :i* does n run s soon z ! ord9>y k9d4 ,if a plantation ( ,sp9a* ,beet has n be5 secur$1 s[ at once1 z !re is ample "t yet = a free gr[? & a valuable plant4 ,turnip to be s[n 9 quantity4 ,vegetable ,m>r[4--,an e>ly s[+ to be made 9 pots1 9 read9ess = plant+ out imm$iately wea!r admits ( x4 ,?ree plants 9 a pot are en\gh1 & !y mu/ n be weak5$ by excessive heat4 ,w9t] ,gre5s4--,a s[+ ( ,borecole %\ld be made1 & if a supply is requir$ 9 spr+1 x w be well to s[ aga9 9 ! fir/ week ( ,may4 ,,may ,high-,pressure times cont9ue1 = ! heat increases daily1 & ! season ( production is already %ort5$ by two mon?s4 ,! mo/ press+ bus9ess is to repair all losses1 = ev5 n[1 if affairs h gone wrong1 x is possible to get up a /ock ( ,w9t] ,gre5s1 & to s[ all ! sorts ( se$s t %\ld h be5 s[n 9 ,m>* & ,april1 ) a reasonable *ance ( pr(itable results4 ,x mu/ n be expect$1 h[ev]1 t ! mo/ brisk & skilful c ov]take ^? :o h be5 do+ well f ! fir/ dawn ( spr+1 & :o h n omitt$ to s[ a s+le se$ at ! prop] "t f ! day :5 se$-s[+ became requisite4 ,! heat ( ! e>? is n[ suffici5t to />t _m se$s into gr[? t are cu/om>ily s[n 9 heat a mon? or two e>li]2 &1 !re=e1 ^? :o _c make hot-b$s may gr[ _m *oice ?+s if !y w be cont5t to h !m a week or two lat] ?an _! m =tunate neighb\rs4 ,9 s[+ se$s ( ! m t5d] subjects1 su* z ,capsicums1 ,m>r[s1 & ,cucumb]s1 x w be bett] to lose a few days1 9 ord] to make sure ( ! result desir$1 r ?an to be 9 undue ha/e & h ! se$ de/roy$ by heavy ra9s1 or ! "y plants nipp$ (f by fro/4 ,d n1 !re=e1 s[ any ( ^! se$s 9 ! op5 gr\nd until ! wea!r is some:at settl$ & sunny1 = if !y meet ) any s]i\s *eck !y w sc>cely recov] dur+ ! :ole ( ! season4 ,asp>agus 9 se$-b$s to be ?9n$ z soon z possible1 s t :]ev] two or ?ree plants rise toge!r1 ! numb] %\ld be r$uc$ to "o4 ,b !re is "t yet = se$l+s to appe>4 ,! be>+ b$s are m attractive1 = !y %[ _! too?some tops4 ,! cutt+ mu/ be done 9 a sy/ematic mann]1 & if practicable always by ! same p]son4 ,x is bett] to cut all ! %oots z fa/ z !y atta9 a prop] size1 & sort !m = use accord+ to quality1 r ?an to pick & *oose ! fat %oots & ?r[ ! :ole plantation into disord]4 ,gre5-topp$ ,asp>agus is 9 fav\r 9 ?is c\ntry2 b ^? :o pref] x blan*$ h simply to e>? x up suffici5tly1 & cut bel[ ! surface1 tak+ c>e to avoid injur+ ! "y %oots :i* h n pu%$ ?r\gh4 ,x is n = u to decide on any matt] ( individual ta/e1 b we w give a ^w ( practical advice t may be ( value to _m4 ,x is n ! cu/om to protect ,asp>agus 9 op5 b$s1 b x %\ld be2 = ! ke5 fro/s t (t5 occur :5 ! /icks are ris+ de/roy a l>ge numb]4 ,?is may be prev5t$ by cov]+ ) any k9d ( light1 dry litt]1 :i* w n 9 ! lea/ int]f]e ) t full gre5+ ( ! tops :i* ,engli% p g5]ally pref]1 because ! light & air w rea* ! plant2 b ! edge ( ! fro/ w be blunt$ by ! litt]4 ,if !re is no?+ at h& = ?is purpose1 let a man g r\nd ) ! sickle & cut a lot ( long grass f ! r\gh p>ts ( ! %rubb]y1 & put a light h&ful ov] e cr[n 9 ! b$4 ,! /icks w rise ) ! litt] ^u !m l nightcaps1 & w be plump & gre5 & unhurt by fro/4 ,bean1 ,dw>f ,fr5*4--,! ma9 crops %\ld be got 9 ?is mon?1 & successional s[+s may be made until ! e>ly "p ( ,july4 ,dw>f ,beans are b seldom all[$ z mu* space z !y require1 & ! r[s !re=e %\ld be ?9n$ e>ly1 = cr[d$ plants nev] be> s well z ^? t enjoy light & air on all sides4 ,9 ,cont95tal cook]y a good di% is made ( ! ,beans %ell$ out :5 ab\t half ripe4 ,^! be+ s]v$ 9 ri* gravy1 are at once sav\ry & :olesome4 ,almo/ all ! v>ieties ( ! ,dw>f & ,climb+ sections may be us$ 9 ?is way1 & ! ,beans %\ld be ga!r$ :5 full gr[n1 b n yet ripe4 ,! self-col\r$ v>ieties are also gr[n = use z dry ,h>icots1 9 :i* case ! pods %\ld n be remov$ until p]fectly ripe4 ,bean1 ,climb+ ,fr5*4--,s[ ?is mon? = ! ma9 crop1 & onw>ds until ,june accord+ to requirem5ts4 ,9 a g5]al way ! treatm5t usual = ,runn]s w answ] well = outdoor crops ( ! ,climb+ ,fr5* ,bean4 ,bean1 ,runn]4--,9 ! op5 gr\nd s[+s may be made z soon z conditions appe> safe1 b x is well to s[ aga9 at ! end ( ! mon? or 9 ,june4 ,beet4--,! ma9 crop %\ld be s[n 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! mon?4 ,?9 & we$ ! e>ly s[n1 & if ! gr\nd has be5 suitably prep>$1 x w be ne$less to give wat] to ?is crop4 ,z ,beet is n want$ l>ge1 x is n advisable to s[ any great bread? until ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 or x is liable to become co>se4 ,broccoli to be s[n = succession4 ,plant out f frames & =w>d se$-b$s at e opportunity4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! mon? s[ = cutt+ 9 ,may & ,june ( next ye>4 ,brussels ,spr\ts4--,= ! sake ( a few f9e buttons 9 ! fir/ dripp+ days ( autumn1 :5 ,peas & ,runn]s & ,m>r[s are gone1 put out z soon z possible "s ( ! mo/ =w>d plants1 giv+ !m a ri* soil & sunny position4 ,cabbage4--,plant out f se$-b$s at e opportunity1 *oos+1 if possible1 ! adv5t ( %[]y wea!r4 ,s[ ! small] sorts & ,coleworts1 especially 9 fav\r$ di/ricts :]e !re is usually no *eck to vegetation until ! turn ( ! ye>4 ,capsicum c be s[n out ( doors ab\t ! middle ( ! mon?1 & nice gre5 pods = pickl+ may be secur$ 9 ! autumn4 ,c>rot4--,?9 ! ma9 crops e>ly1 & s[ a few r[s ( ,*ampion ,horn or ,int]m$iate1 = use 9 a small /ate dur+ late summ]1 :5 !y make an elegant & delicate di%4 ,caulifl[]s mu/ h wat] 9 dry wea!r2 !y are ! mo/ hungry & ?ir/y plants 9 ! g>d51 b pay well = good liv+4 ,plant out f frames z fa/ z ready1 = !y d no good to /& cr[d$ & />v+4 ,cel]y tr5*es mu/ be prep>$ 9 "t1 ?\gh1 /range to say1 ?is task is g5]ally def]r$ until ! plants h really become weak ?r\gh ov]cr[d+4 ,9 a small g>d5 x is nev] advisable to h ,cel]y v =w>d1 = ! simple reason t tr5*es _c be made = x until ,peas come (f & o!r e>ly crops are ov]4 ,to insure f9e ,cel]y ! cultivator mu/ be 9 advance ( ev5ts r ?an lag beh9d !m4 ,pl5ty ( manure mu/ be us$2 x is sc>cely possible1 9 fact1 to employ too mu*1 & lib]ality is n wa/e1 because ! gr\nd w be 9 capital condition = ! next crop4 ,!re are _m modes ( plant+ ,cel]y1 b ! simple/ is to make ! tr5*es f\r feet ap>t & a foot & a half wide1 & put ! plants six to n9e in*es ap>t1 accord+ to ! sorts4 ,?is "w mu/ be done neatly1 ) an arti/ic f9i%4 ,9 plant+ take (f suck]s1 & if any ( ! leaves are bli/]$1 p9* ! bli/]s1 & f9i% by du/+ ! plantation ) soot4 ,z ,cel]y loves moi/ure1 give wat] freely 9 dry wea!r4 ,cucumb]s ( excell5t quality may be gr[n on ridges or hills1 %\ld ! season be fav\rable4 ,suppose ! cultivator to h ! means ( obta9+ pl5ty ( manure1 ridges1 :i* are to run ea/ & we/1 are pref]able to hills4 ,! soil %\ld be ?r[n out ?ree feet wide & two feet deep1 & be laid up on ! nor? side4 ,!n put ?ree feet ( hot manure 9 ! tr5*1 & cov] ) ! soil t 0 tak5 out1 s z to =m an easy slope to ! s\?1 & ) a /eep slope on ! nor? side c>efully f9i%$ to prev5t its crumbl+ d[n be=e ! season ends4 ,! plants %\ld be put out on ! slope z soon z possible aft] ! ridges are made ready1 "u ! protection ( h&-lights1 until !re is free gr[? & ! wea!r has become q summ]y4 ,x is a good plan to gr[ "o or two r[s ( ,runn] ,beans a %ort di/ance f ! ridge on ! nor? side to give %elt]1 & 9 case ( bad wea!r aft] ! plants are 9 be>+1 pea-/icks or dry litt] laid ab\t !m lightly w help !m ?r\gh a critical "t1 b /able manure mu/ n be us$4 ,9 case manure is n abundant1 make a few small hills 9 a %elt]$1 sunny spot1 ) :atev] mat]ial is available 9 ! way ( turf1 rott5 manure1 or leaf-m\ld1 tak+ c>e t no?+ injuri\s to vegetation is mix$ ) x4 ,put sev]al in*es ( a mixture ( good loam & rott5 manure on ! hills1 & plant & protect z 9 ! case ( ridges4 ,if plants are n at h&1 s[ se$s2 !re w /ill be a *ance ( ,cucumb]s dur+ ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb]2 = if !y ?rive at all1 !y are pretty brisk 9 _! movem5ts4 ,?ree obs]vations rema9 to be made on ?is subject4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :at are kn[n z #8,ridge' ,cucumb]s only %\ld be gr[n 9 ! op5 air2 ! l>ge sorts gr[n 9 h\ses are unfit4 ,9 ! second place1 ! plants %\ld only be p9*$ once1 & !re is no occasion = ! niggl+ bus9ess :i* g>d5]s call #8sett+ ! bloom4' ,provide = _! roots a good b$1 & !n let !m gr[ z !y please4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 z enc\ragem5t1 we feel b\nd to say t1 z ,cucumb]s are gr[n to be eat5 z well z to be look$ at1 ^? f ridges are less h&some ?an h\se ,cucumb]s1 b are q equal to !m 9 flav\r4 ,d&elion some:at resembles ! ,endive1 & is "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ :olesome additions to ! salad-b[l4 ,s[ n[ & aga9 9 ,june1 9 drills "o foot asund]1 & ?9 out ! plants to "o foot ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,^! w be ready = use 9 ! foll[+ w9t] & spr+4 ,g\rd & ,pumpk94--,an e>ly %[ ( fruit necessitates rais+ se$s "u glass = plant+ on prep>$ b$s1 & ! plants mu/ be protect$ by means ( lights or any o!r arrangem5t t c be improvis$ z a def5ce aga9/ late fro/s4 ,( c\rse ! se$s c be s[n ^u ! actual b$1 b x is a loss ( "t4 ,! rapidity ) :i* ! plants gr[ is a suffici5t indication t g5]\s fe$+ & copi\s supplies ( wat] 9 dry wea!r are imp]ative4 ,lettuce4--,s[ = succession :]e ! plants are to rema91 & plant out ! e>li] s[+s at e opportunity4 ,to insure a quick gr[?1 & prev5t ! plants f runn+ to se$1 extra c>e 9 giv+ wat] & %ade w be necess>y aft] transplant+4 ,! l>g] ,cabbage ,lettuces w prove useful if s[n n[4 ,maize & ,sug> ,corn may be gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry z an ornam5t to ! g>d51 & also = ! gre5 cobs :i* are us$ z a vegetable4 ,s[ e>ly 9 ! mon? on ri* light soil1 & 9 a hot season1 especially :5 accompani$ by moi/ure1 !re w be rapid gr[?4 ,! cobs to be ga!r$ = cook+ :5 ( full size1 b :ile q gre54 ,melon4--,x is n too late to gr[ ,melons 9 frames1 provid$ a />t c be made ) /rong plants4 ,pea4--,s[ ,peas aga9 if !re is any prospect ( a break 9 ! supply4 ,x is a good plan to prep>e tr5*es z = ,cel]y1 b less deep1 & s[ ,peas 9 !m1 z ! tr5*es c be quickly fill$ ) wat] 9 case ( dry wea!r1 & ! vigor\s gr[? w be pro( aga9/ mildew4 ,savoy s[n n[ w produce small useful he>ts = w9t] use4 ,by _m ^! small he>ts w be pref]r$ to l>ge ones1 z m delicate1 & !re=e a s[+ ( ,tom ,?umb may be advis$4 ,sp9a*1 ,new ,zeal&1 c be s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is mon? & %\ld be ?9n$ to ab\t a y>d ap>t4 ,! gr[? some:at resembles t ( ! ,ice ,plant4 ,! t5d] "y tops are p9*$ (f = cook+1 & !y make an elegant ,sp9a*1 :i* is free f bitt]ness1 & is !re=e acceptable to _m p]sons :o object to ! sooty flav\r ( ord9>y ,sp9a*4 ,tomato4--,by ! ?ird week 9 ,may ! plants = ! op5 bord] %\ld be h>d5$4 ,9 a cold pit or frame !y may be gradually expos$ until ! lights c be left (f altoge!r1 ev5 at night4 ,a ?ick lay] ( a%es at ! bottom ( ! frame w insure dra9age & keep (f v]m94 ,if ! plants are all[$ pl5ty ( space1 & are well manag$1 !y w possess d>k1 heal?y foliage1 ne$+ no support f /icks until !y are 9 f9al qu>t]s4 ,d n put !m out be=e ! end ( ! mon? or ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 & *oose a quiet day = ! "w4 ,if possible1 give !m a sunny spot "u ! %elt] ( a wall hav+ a s\!rn or we/]n aspect4 ,on a /iff soil x is advisable to plant on ridges1 & n too deeply2 = deep plant+ enc\rages /rong gr[?1 & /rong gr[? def]s ! production ( fruit4 ,tomatoes are sometimes gr[n 9 b$s1 & !n x is necess>y to give !m abundant room4 ,= bran*$ plants ?ree feet betwe5 ! plants 9 ! r[s1 & ! r[s f\r feet ap>t1 w af=d space = ty+ & wat]+4 ,ea* plant %\ld h ! support ( a /\t /ake firmly fix$ 9 ! soil1 & ris+ f\r feet above x2 & once a week at lea/ ! ty+ %\ld be att5d$ to4 ,z to /opp+1 ! c5tre /em %\ld be all[$ to gr[ until ! e>ly fl[]s h set4 ,x is f ^! e>ly fl[]s t outdoor ,tomatoes c be successfully rip5$1 & ! removal ( ! ma9 %oot delays _! production4 ,b aft] fifte5 or tw5ty fruits are visible ! top ( ! lead+ /em may be %ort5$ to ! l5g? ( ! /ake4 ,! fruit+ bran*es %\ld also be kept %ort beyond ! fruit1 & l>ge leaves mu/ be %ort5$ to all[ free access ( sun%9e4 ,%\ld ! s+le-/em sy/em be adopt$1 ?ree feet betwe5 ! r[s & two feet betwe5 plants 9 ! r[s w suffice4 ,on a light soil & 9 dry wea!r weak liquid manure may1 ) advantage1 be alt]nat$ ) pure wat]1 b ?is practice mu/ n be c>ri$ f> en\gh to make ! plants gross1 or rip5+ w be delay$4 ,fruit int5d$ = exhibition mu/ be select$ ) judgm5t1 & ) ?is end 9 view f\r to six specim5s ( any l>ge v>iety w be suffici5t = "o plant to br+ to p]fection4 ,turnip to be s[n = succession4 ,x is well n[ to keep to ! small :ite e>ly sorts4 ,vegetable ,m>r[4--,9 cottage g>d5s luxuriant v9es may e ye> be se5 trail+ ov] ! sides ( heaps ( decay$ turf or manure4 ,all =w>d vegetables are priz$1 & ,m>r[s are no exception to ! rule4 ,an e>ly supply f ! op5 gr\nd is mo/ readily insur$ by rais+ /rong plants 9 pots & putt+ !m on ri* w>m b$s z e>ly z ! season & di/rict w p]mit4 ,late fro/s mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/ by "s k9d ( protection1 & slugs mu/ be det]r$ f eat+ up ! plants4 ,,june ,to "s ext5t ! crops w n[ take c>e ( !mselves1 & we may consid] ! *ief anxieties & activities ( ! season ov]4 ,our notes1 !re=e1 w be m brief4 ,we d n c\nsel ! cultivator to #8re/ & be ?ankful4' ,x is bett] = him to "w1 b he mu/ be ?ankful all ! same1 if he w\ld be happy 9 8 heal?y & ent]ta9+ employm5t4 ,wat]+ & we$+ are ! pr9cipal lab\rs ( ?is mon?1 & bo? mu/ be pursu$ ) dilig5ce4 ,b ord9>y wat]+1 :]e e drop has to be dipp$ & c>ri$1 is (t5 injuri\s r ?an b5eficial1 = ! simple reason t x is only half done4 ,9 su* cases x is advisable to )hold wat] z long z possible1 & !n to give x 9 abundance1 wat]+ only a small plot e day 9 ord] to saturate ! gr\nd1 & tak+ a week or m to g ov] a piece :i* w\ld be done 9 a day by m]e surface dribbl+s4 ,asp>agus %\ld be 9 full supply1 & may be cut until ! middle or end ( ! mon?4 ,:5 cutt+ %\ld cease dep5ds on ! di/rict4 ,9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl& ! #ad? is ab\t ! prop] "t to make ! la/ cut2 nor? ( ! ,tr5t1 ! #bj? may be soon en\gh2 & fur!r nor?1 cutt+ may be cont9u$ into ,july4 ,! po9t to be borne 9 m9d is t ! plant mu/ be all[$ "t to gr[ freely )\t any fur!r *eck1 9 ord] to /ore up en]gy = mak+ robu/ %oots next ye>4 ,x is a good plan to ins]t /akes1 su* z are us$ = ,peas1 9 ,asp>agus b$s1 to give support to ! gre5 gr[? aga9/ gales ( w9d2 = :5 ! /ems are snapp$ by /orms1 z !y (t5 are1 ! roots lose _! aid1 & are weak5$ = _! future "w4 ,beans1 bo? ,dw>f & ,runn]1 may be s[n ab\t ! middle ( ! mon?1 to supply t5d] pods :5 ^? f ! e>ly s[+s are pa/4 ,a late crop ( ,runn]s w pay well almo/ any:]e1 = !y be> until ! fro/ cuts !m d[n1 :i* may n happ5 until f> into ,novemb]4 ,broccoli4--- ,take advantage ( %[]s to cont9ue plant+ out4 ,cabbage4--,t[>ds ! end ( ! mon? s[ a good bread? ( small ,cabbages & ,coleworts4 ,!y w be imm5sely valuable to plant out z ! summ] crops are cle>$ away4 ,capsicums may be plant$ out 9 a sunny %elt]$ spot4 ,caulifl[]s t are transf]r$ n[ f se$-b$s mu/ h pl5tiful supplies ( wat]1 & be %ad$ dur+ midday = a week4 ,:5 ! heads are visible x is cu/om>y to snap "o ( ! inn] leaves ov] !m = protection4 ,cel]y to be plant$ out )\t loss ( "t1 9 %[]y wea!r if possible2 b if ! wea!r is hot & dry1 %ade ! plants & give wat]4 ,! "w mu/ be well done1 h5ce x is advisable to lift no m plants ?an c be quickly dealt )1 = exposure t5ds to exhau/ion1 & ,cel]y ought nev] to suff] a *eck 9 ev5 ! slighte/ degree4 ,:5 plant$1 du/ lightly ) soot or wood-a%es4 ,pea-/icks laid across ! tr5*es w give %ade en\gh ) v little tr\ble4 ,*icory4--,?is :olesome escul5t is us$ 9 a v>iety ( ways1 & is v mu* priz$ 9 "s h\seholds4 ,! blan*$ heads make an acceptable accompanim5t to *eese1 & are mu* appreciat$ = salad+2 !y may also be /ew$ & s]v$ ) melt$ butt] 9 ! same mann] z ,sea ,kale4 ,to gr[ l>ge clean roots a deep ri* soil is requir$4 ,if manure mu/ be add$1 use t :i* is well decay$1 & bury x at lea/ twelve in*es1 = ne> ! surface x w produce fang$ roots4 ,prep>e ! se$-b$ z = ,p>snips1 s[ 9 drills twelve in*es ap>t1 & ?9 ! plants to n9e in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,9 ,octob] ! roots w be ready = lift+1 prep>atory to be+ pack$ 9 d>k qu>t]s = blan*+4 ,cucumb]s = ,pickl+ may be s[n on ridges4 ,endive is n g5]ally want$ :ile good ,lettuces ab\nd1 b x takes ! place ( ,lettuce 9 autumn & w9t]1 :5 ! m delicate vegetable is sc>ce4 ,s[ 9 %all[ drills six in*es ap>t4 ,?9 ! plants1 & transf] ! ?9n+s to ri* light soil4 ,!y mu/ be lib]ally gr[n on well-manur$ l&1 ) ! aid ( wat] 9 dry wea!r4 ,lettuce to be s[n & plant$ at e opportunity4 ,a few r[s ( l>ge ,cos v>ieties %\ld be s[n 9 tr5*es prep>$ z = ,cel]y1 !re to be ?9n$ & all[$ to /&4 ,!y w =m f9e he>ts1 & be valu$ at a "t :5 ,lettuces are sc>ce4 ,melon4--,= a f9al crop 9 h\ses s[ z previ\sly direct$1 & gr[ ! plants on 9 pots1 until ! h\se c be cle>$ ( ! =m] set = _! reception4 ,! gr[? %\ld be pu%$ =w>d to insure ripe fruit be=e ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,9 ! ev5t ( dull wea!r at ! f9i%1 !re w be all ! great] ne$ ( abundant b judici\s v5tilation1 & ( a w>m dry atmosph]e at night4 ,be=e !y become heavy e fruit %\ld h ! support ( nets or ?9 pieces ( bo>d susp5d$ by wires f ! corn]s4 ,mu%rooms may be prep>$ = n[4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds success is to accumulate a long heap ( horse-dropp+s ) ! lea/ possible am\nt ( litt]4 ,let ?is f]m5t mod]ately1 & turn x two or ?ree times1 always mak+ a long heap ( x1 :i* keeps d[n ! f]m5tation4 ,:5 ! fire is some:at tak5 out ( x1 make up ! b$ ) a mixture ( ab\t f\r p>ts ( ! f]m5t$ manure & "o "p ( turfy loam1 well incorporat$4 ,beat ! /uff toge!r ) ! flat ( ! spade z ! "w proce$s1 fa%ion+ ! b$ 9 ! =m ( a ridge ab\t ?ree feet wide at ! base1 & ( any l5g? t may be conv5i5t4 ,give ! "w a neat f9i%1 or ! ,mu%rooms w c]ta9ly n repay y4 ,put 9 r l>ge lumps ( spawn :5 ! b$ is nicely w>m1 cov] ) a ?9 lay] ( f9e soil1 & protect ) mats or clean /raw4 ,?is is a quick & easy way ( gr[+ ,mu%rooms1 & by comm5c+ n[ ! season is all be=e "o4 ,n9e times 9 t51 p beg9 prep>ations = ,mu%room gr[+ ab\t a mon? too late1 = ! spawn runs dur+ ! hot wea!r1 & ! crop rises :5 ! mod]ate autumnal temp]ature sets 94 ,onions to be s[n = salad+4 ,=w>d b$s ( l>ge sorts to be ?9n$ 9 good "t4 ,! be/ ,onions = keep+ are ^? ( mod]ate size1 p]fectly rip5$2 !re=e ! ?9n+ %\ld n be too sev]e4 ,peas may /ill be s[n1 & z ! season advances pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to quick-gr[+ e>ly v>ieties4 ,turnips may be s[n 9 v>iety & 9 quantity aft] ,midsumm] ,day4 ,s[ on well-prep>$ gr\nd1 & put a spr9kle ( artificial manure 9 ! drills ) ! se$4 ,by ha/5+ ! e>ly gr[? ( ! plant ! fly is kept 9 *eck4 ,,july ,= g>d5]s ,july is 9 "o respect l ,janu>y2 ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! wea!r4 ,x may be hot1 ) frequ5t heavy ra9s1 & vegetation 9 ! mo/ luxuriant gr[?2 or ! e>? may be iron & ! heav5s brass1 ) sc>cely a gre5 blade to be se54 ,! light fly+ %[]s t usually occur 9 ,july d n r5d] wat]+ unnecess>y2 9 fact1 a heavy soak+ ( a crop aft] a mod]ate ra9fall is a valuable aid to its gr[?1 = x requires a long-cont9u$ heavy d[np\r to p5etrate to ! roots4 ,summ]-s[n ,vegetables = ,autumn & ,w9t] use4 ,z ! mon? advances e>ly crops w be f9i%$ & num]\s plots ( gr\nd become vacant4 ,9 _m g>d5s x is n[ ! practice to s[ 9 ,july & ,augu/ se$s ( quick-gr[+ v>ieties ( ,vegetables & ,salads to furni% supplies ?r\gh ! autumn & e>ly w9t] mon?s1 & ?is sy/em is /rongly to be comm5d$4 ,^! s[+s n only increase ! cropp+ capacity ( ! g>d5 b !y ext5d ! use ( _m fav\rite ,vegetables :i* f spr+ s[+s cu/om>ily cease at ! end ( summ]4 ,two ?+s are ess5tial to success4 ,e>ly-matur+ v>ieties only %\ld be s[n & ! plants mu/ be ?9n$ imm$iately !y appe> 7?us avoid+ transplant+71 s t !y receive no *eck 9 gr[?4 ,! foll[+ subjects are especially suit$ = ! purpose3 ,dw>f ,fr5* ,beans 7s[ e>ly 9 ,july71 ,beet1 ,cabbage1 ,c>rot1 ,caulifl[] 7s[ e>ly 9 ,july71 ,italian ,corn ,salad1 ,cress1 ,endive1 ,kohl ,rabi1 ,lettuce1 ,onion1 ,p>sley1 ,peas1 ,radi%1 ,sp9a*1 & ,turnip4 ,potatoes may also be plant$ 9 ,july1 b only tub]s ( e>ly v>ieties sav$ f ! prec$+ ye> %\ld be us$4 ,g>d5 ,rubbi% is apt to accumulate 9 odd corn]s & become (f5sive4 ,! /umps ( ,cabbages & ,caulifl[]s give (f mo/ obnoxi\s od\rs1 & neighb\rs ought n to be annoy$ by want ( ?\ght 9 "o p>ticul> g>d54 ,! %ort & easy way ) all s(t decay+ rubbi% is to put x at ! bottom ( a tr5* :5 prep>+ l& = plant+4 ,!re x ceases to be a nuisance & becomes a valuable manure4 ,beans4--,a few ,dw>f ,fr5* ,beans may /ill be s[n to ext5d outdoor crops to ! late/ possible date4 ,= autumn & w9t] supplies s[+s ( ! ,dw>f & ,climb+ classes may be made f mid-,july to mid-,septemb]1 ! dw>fs 9 cold frames & ! climb]s on n>r[ bord]s 9 any h\se t c be sp>$ = ! purpose4 ,broccoli to be plant$ out z be=e2 _m ( ! plants left ov] f =m] plant+s w n[ be /\t & /rong1 & make useful successions4 ,cabbage4--,! s[+ ( ,cabbage se$ at ?is p]iod ( ! ye> entails consequ5ces ( su* grave importance z to m]it reconsid]ation4 ,:5 ! crop has pass$ ! w9t] !re is a dang] t ! plants may bolt1 in/ead ( =m+ he>ts4 ,9 ! great majority ( su* cases ! loss is attributable to an unwise selection ( sorts4 ,= s[+ 9 spr+ !re is q a long li/ ( v>ieties1 _m ( !m possess+ di/9ctive qualities :i* meet v>i\s requirem5ts4 ,x is o!rwise n[4 ,! ,cabbages t c be reli$ on to f9i% well 9 spr+ are comp>atively few 9 numb]4 ,b repeat$ exp]im5ts h demon/rat$ t loss & disappo9tm5t c be avoid$ by s[+ only ^? v>ieties :i* %[ no t5d5cy to bolt4 ,ano!r1 b m9or1 cause ( ,cabbages />t+ se$-/ems is premature s[+4 ,! exact date = any di/rict mu/ be det]m9$ by ! latitude & ! aspect ( ! place4 ,9 ! ,nor? s[+ w1 ( necessity1 be e>li] ?an 9 ! ,midl&s or ! ,s\?4 ,assum+1 h[ev]1 t suitable v>ieties are *os51 ! :ole difficulty c be dispos$ (1 ev5 on soils :]e ,cabbages %[ an unusual t5d5cy to s5d up se$-/ems prematurely1 by s[+ 9 ,augu/ in/ead ( 9 ,july4 ,! se$-b$ %\ld be nicely prep>$1 & any old pla/]1 or o!r rubbi% conta9+ lime1 %\ld be dug 94 ,s[ ?9ly1 = a ?ick s[+ makes a weak plant1 no matt] h[ sev]ely x may be ?9n$ aft]w>ds4 ,c>doons to be ?9n$ to "o plant 9 ea* /ation1 & t1 ( c\rse1 ! /ronge/4 ,c>rot4--,frame culture ( small sorts %\ld comm5ce1 to produce a succession ( "y ,c>rots = table4 ,cel]y to be plant$ out 9 %[]y wea!r4 ,x is too late to s[ n[1 except = s\ps1 & = t purpose only a small s[+ %\ld be made1 z x may n come to any?+4 ,*>ds4--,^? :o c>e = ,*>ds mu/ cut d[n a numb] ( ,globe ,arti*okes ab\t six in*es above gr\nd1 &1 if necess>y1 keep ! plants well wat]$ to induce new gr[?1 :i* w be ready = blan*+ 9 ,septemb]4 ,cucumb]s on ridges g5]ally d well )\t wat]1 b !y mu/ n be all[$ to suff] f dr\ght4 ,if wat]+ mu/ be resort$ to1 make sure fir/ ( s(t wat] well w>m$ by exposure to ! sun1 & wat] lib]ally ?ree or f\r ev5+s 9 succession1 & !n give no m = a week or s4 ,endive to be s[n = w9t]4 ,x w be well to make two s[+s1 say on ! fir/ & la/ days ( ! mon?4 ,g>lic & ,%allots to be tak5 up 9 suitable wea!r1 & x may be necess>y to complete ! rip5+ "u %elt]4 ,leeks to be plant$ out2 & on dry soils1 9 tr5*es prep>$ z = ,cel]y4 ,p>sley to be s[n = w9t] use4 ,x is a mo/ important matt]1 ev5 9 ! smalle/ g>d51 to h a con/ant supply4 ,peas4--,only quick-gr[+ e>ly v>ieties %\ld be s[n n[4 ,potatoes4--,:]e !re is a good crop ( an e>ly v>iety x %\ld be lift$ )\t wait+ = ! %aws to die d[n4 ,! t5d] sk9s w suff] damage if ! "w is done r\ghly1 b w soon h>d51 & ! /ock w rip5 9 ! /ore z p]fectly z 9 ! gr\nd4 ,x ne$s "s am\nt ( c\rage to lift ,potatoes :ile ! tops are /ill gre5 & vigor\s1 & x %\ld n be done until ! roots are fully gr[n & beg9n+ to rip54 ,quick-gr[+ sorts may be plant$ to dig z new ,potatoes lat] 9 ! ye>4 ,radi%4--,s[ ! l>ge-gr[+ k9ds = w9t] use4 ,sp9a*4--,s[ ! ,prickly-se$$ to /& ! w9t]1 select+ = ! se$-b$ gr\nd ly+ high & dry t has be5 at lea/ twice dug ov] & has _h no rec5t manure4 ,! twice digg+ is to promote ! de/ruction ( ! #8,sp9a* ,mo?' grub1 :i* ! rob9s & ?ru%es w dev\r :5 expos$ by digg+4 ,^! grubs make an end ( _m a good bread? ( ,w9t] ,sp9a* e ye>1 & are ! m to be fe>$ by ! c>eless cultivator4 ,turnips to be s[n 9 quantity 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! mon?2 ?9 advanc+ crops1 & keep ! hoe 9 action among/ !m4 ,w9t] ,gre5s ( all k9ds to be plant$ out freely 9 ! be/ gr\nd at comm&1 aft] a good digg+1 & to be aid$ ) wat] = a week or s %\ld ! wea!r be dry4 ,,augu/ ,! importance ( summ]-s[n ,vegetables & ,salads is dealt ) "u ,july1 & se$s ( mo/ ( ! subjects !re nam$ may /ill be put 9 z gr\nd becomes vacant4 ,! supplies ( ! g>d5 dur+ ! next w9t] & spr+ w 9 great "p dep5d ^u good managem5t n[1 & ! utmo/ mu/ be made ( ! few weeks ( gr[+ wea!r t rema94 ,"o great difficulty 9 connection ) s[+ se$ at ?is p]iod ( ! ye> is ! likelihood ( ! gr\nd be+ too dry2 yet x is mo/ unwise to wat] se$s1 & x is always bett] if !y c be got up ) ! natural moi/ure ( ! soil alone4 ,h[ev]1 9 an extreme case ! gr\nd %\ld be well soak$ be=e ! se$ is s[n1 & aft] s[+ cov]$ ) hurdles1 pea-/icks1 or mats until ! se$s beg9 to spr\t4 ,arti*okes1 ,globe1 to be cut d[n z soon z ! heads are us$4 ,broccoli to be plant$ out4 ,z ! ,spr\t+ ,broccoli1 :i* belongs to ! class ( #8,w9t] ,gre5s1' does n pay well 9 spr+ unless x gr[s freely n[1 plant x f> en\gh ap>t2 if cr[d$ :]e already plant$ to /& ! w9t]1 take out e alt]nate plant & make ano!r plantation4 ,cabbage4--,9 _m small g>d5s ! ,augu/ s[+ ( ,cabbages is made to suffice = ! :ole ye>1 & 9 ! l>ge/ e/abli%m5ts great] bread?s are s[n n[ ?an at any o!r p]iod4 ,b :e!r ! g>d5 be small or l>ge1 x is n wise to rely exclusively on ! s[+ ( any "o k9d4 ,at lea/ two v>ieties %\ld be *os51 & z a precaution ea* v>iety may be s[n at two dates1 ) an int]val ( ab\t a =tnight betwe54 ,! wisdom ( ?is arrangem5t w be evid5t 9 n9e seasons out ( t54 ,x all[s = cont+5cies1 prolongs ! season ( supply1 & (f]s two di/9ct di%es ( a s+le vegetable--! mature he>ts1 & ! p>tially develop$ plants1 :i* diff]1 :5 s]v$1 bo? 9 appe>ance & 9 flav\r4 ,:]e ! dem& is ext5sive1 or great div]sity is requir$1 ?ree or f\r k9ds %\ld be s[n1 includ+ ,r$ ,cabbage to produce f9e heads = pickl+ next ye>4 ,c>doon4--,comm5ce blan*+ if ! plants are ready4 ,caulifl[]4--,se$ s[n n[ w produce f9] heads 9 spr+ & e>ly summ] ?an are g5]ally obta9$ f a ,janu>y or ,febru>y s[+4 ,! "t to s[ mu/ be det]m9$ by ! climate ( ! di/rict4 ,9 cold1 late localities1 ! fir/ week is none too e>ly2 f ! #ae? to ! #be? is a good "t = all ! ,midl& di/ricts2 & ! end ( ! mon?1 or ! fir/ week ( ,septemb]1 is e>ly en\gh 9 ! ,s\?4 ,9 ,devon & ,cornwall ! s[+ is lat] /ill4 ,b :atev] date may suit ! di/rict1 ! se$ %\ld be s[n ) c>e1 9 ord] t a heal?y gr[? may be promot$ f ! fir/4 ,w9t] ! plants 9 frames or by o!r conv5i5t means1 b x is important to keep !m h>dy by giv+ air at e fav\rable opportunity4 ,cel]y to be c>efully e>!d up z requir$4 ,x takes five weeks or m to blan* ,cel]y well1 & z ! e>?+ up *ecks gr[?1 ! op]ation %\ld n be comm5c$ a day too soon4 ,take c>e t ! e>? does n get into ! he>ts4 ,corn ,salad %\ld be s[n dur+ ?is mon? & ,septemb] to produce plants fit = use 9 e>ly spr+4 ,9 ! summ] mon?s ! :ole plant is edible1 b 9 w9t] or spr+ ! out] leaves only %\ld be us$4 ,cucumb]4--,= a supply ( ,cucumb]s dur+ ! w9t] mon?s ! g5]al pr9ciples ( managem5t are id5tical ) ^? giv5 "u ,janu>y & ,m>*1 ) "o important exception4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ye> a cont9u$ increase ( light & w>m? may be reli$ on4 ,n[ !re w be a con/ant dim9ution ( ^! vital =ces4 ,h5ce ! progress ( ! plants w gradually abate z ! ye> wanes1 & due all[ance mu/ be made = ! fact4 ,s mu* dep5ds on ! "* ( ! autumn & w9t] t x w be unwise to risk all on a s+le s[+4 ,se$ put 9 on two or ?ree occasions betwe5 ! end ( ,augu/ & ! end ( ,octob] w provide plants 9 v>i\s /ages ( gr[? to meet ! exig5cies ( ! season4 ,! production ( ,cucumb]s w !n dep5d on c>e & managem5t4 ,9 v dull cold wea!r x may be dang]\s to syr+e ! foliage1 b ! necess>y moi/ure c be secur$ by spr9kl+ ! floor & walls4 ,endive4--,make a f9al s[+1 & plant out all t are l>ge en\gh1 select+1 if possible1 a dry1 slop+ bank = ! purpose4 ,lettuce to be s[n to /& ! w9t]1 *oos+ ! h>die/ v>ieties4 ,9 cold di/ricts ! middle ( ! mon? is a good "t to s[2 9 fav\r$ places ! end ( ! mon? is pref]able4 ,onion4--,= _m ye>s ! ,tripoli section enjoy$ pre-em95ce = s[+ at ?is season1 ! op9ion prevail+ t o!r k9ds 7 unsuitable4 ,b x is f\nd t sev]al v>ieties :i* may ) propriety be describ$ z ,engli% ,onions are z h>dy z ! ,tripolis1 & !re=e z well adapt$ = s[+ at ?is season4 ,?us1 in/ead ( sorts t mu/ be us$ quickly1 we may comm& = summ] s[+ ! be/ ( ! keep]s1 & ! result w be heavi] crops & e>li] rip5+1 ) pl5tiful supplies ( #8?9n+s' = salads all ?r\gh ! autumn & w9t]4 ,two s[+s--"o at ! beg9n+1 ! o!r at ! end ( ! mon?--may be adopt$ ) advantage4 ,! /orage ( ,onions is (t5 faulty1 & consequ5tly losses occur ?r\gh mildew & premature gr[?4 ,if any are z yet unripe1 spread !m out 9 ! sun 9 a dry place1 :]e !y c be cov]$ quickly 9 case ( ra94 ,9 wet1 cold seasons1 x is sometimes necess>y to f9i% ! /ore ,onions by putt+ !m 9 a ne>ly cold ov5 = "s h\rs be=e !y are /or$ away4 ,pea4--,crops com+ =w>d = late be>+ %\ld h att5tion1 m especially to make !m safe aga9/ /orms by a suffici5cy ( support1 & 9 case ( dr\ght to give abundance ( wat]4 ,/rawb]ry ,plants may be put 9 %\ld ! wea!r prove fav\rable2 b next mon? w answ]4 ,9 burn+ wea!r x is well wor? :ile to b$ ! plants closely 9 a moi/ %ady place until ra9 comes1 & !n plant out4 ,tomatoes to be ga!r$ z soon z ripe4 ,if bad wea!r int]f]es ) ! f9i%+ ( ! crop1 cut ! full-gr[n fruit ) a l5g? ( /em atta*$1 & hang !m up 9 a sunny gre5h\se1 or "s o!r w>m spot 9 full daylight4 ,se$ s[n n[ or 9 ,septemb] w produce plants t %\ld af=d f9e fruit 9 ,m>*1 & x w ne$ c>e & judgm5t to c>ry !m safely ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,turnip may be s[n 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! mon?4 ,! be/ sorts n[ are ,:ite ,gem1 or ,sn[ball4 ,all ! ,ye> ,r\nd w please ^? :o l a yell[ ,turnip4 ,,septemb] ,we$s w be tr\blesome to ! ov]work$ & ! idle g>d5]1 :ile ! be/-kept l& w be full ( se$s bl[n ^u x f ! slugg>d's g>d51 & ! fir/ %[] w br+ !m up 9 t]rific =ce4 ,all t we h to say ab\t !m is t !y mu/ be kept d[n1 = !y n only *oke ! ris+ crops 9 se$-b$s & spoil ! look ( ev]y?+1 b !y v mu* t5d to keep ! gr\nd damp & cold1 :51 if !y 7 away1 x w\ld get dry & w>m1 to ! b5efit ( all ! prop] crops ^u x4 ,neglect w make ! task ( eradication simply t]rible1 &1 9 ! meantime1 e crop on ! gr\nd w suff]4 ,! two great mon?s = we$s are ,may & ,septemb]2 b (t5 ! ,septemb] we$s triumph1 because ! mis*ief !y d is n !n s obvi\s to ! casual eye4 ,z !re are n[ _m us$-up crops t may be cle>$ away1 l>ge quantities ( ,cabbage1 ,endive1 ,lettuce1 & ev5 ?9n+s ( ,sp9a* may be plant$ out to /& ! w9t]4 ,cabbage4--,we advocate cr[d+ ! l& n[ ) ,cabbage plants1 = gr[? w be sl[ & ! dem&s ( ! kit*5 con/ant4 ,cr[d+1 h[ev]1 is n q ! same ?+ z ov]cr[d+1 & x is only a wa/e ( lab\r1 l& & crop to put ! plants s close toge!r t !y h n space = full developm5t4 ,! usual rule 9 plant+ out ! l>g] sorts ( ,cabbage at ?is "t ( ! ye> is to all[ a di/ance e way ( two feet betwe5 ! plants4 ,! cr[d+ pr9ciple may be c>ri$ s f> z to put m9iature ,cabbages betwe5 !m1 b only on ! cle> und]/&+ t ! small /uff is all to be cle>$ (f be=e spr+ gr[? comm5ces1 & ! l>ge ,cabbages w !n h prop] space = developm5t4 ,caulifl[]4--,s[ aga9 9 a frame or 9 a pan 9 ! gre5h\se4 ,cel]y4--,cont9ue to e>? up1 select+ a dry "t = ! task4 ,*>ds take q six weeks to blan* by means ( /raw1 cov]$ ) e>?4 ,cucumb]s = ! w9t] ne$ c>eful managem5t & suitable appliances4 ,see ! rem>ks on ?is subject "u ,augu/4 ,endive to be plant$ out z direct$ la/ mon?4 ,plant a few on ! bord] ( an or*>d-h\se1 or 9 a gr\nd v9]y1 or 9 old frames = :i* "s lights1 h[ev] crazy1 c be f\nd4 ,lettuces %\ld be com+ 9 f ! g>d5 n[ 9 good condition1 b ! supply w necess>ily be runn+ %ort4 ,s[+s ( two or ?ree sorts %\ld be made p>tly 9 frames & p>tly on a dry op5 plot f :i* a crop has be5 tak54 ,! gr\nd %\ld be well dug b n manur$4 ,s[ ?9ly1 s t !re w n be mu* ne$ = ?9n+1 & conf9e ! selection to sorts kn[n to be h>dy4 ,! ,augu/ s[+s w soon be =w>d en\gh = putt+ out1 & x w be advisable to get ! "w done z e>ly z possible1 to insure ! plants be+ well e/abli%$ be=e w9t]4 ,p>sley4--,! late/ s[+ w require ?9n+1 b = ! pres5t ?is mu/ n be too /rictly c>ri$ out2 betwe5 ?is & spr+ !re w be _m opportunities4 ,?9 ! plot by draw+ out complete plants z ,p>sley is dem&$ = ! kit*54 ,if no late s[+ 0 made1 or1 hav+ be5 made1 has fail$1 cut d[n to ! gr\nd ! /ronge/ plants1 t a new gr[? may be secur$ quickly4 ,a few plants pott$ at ! end ( ! mon?1 or lift$ & plac$ 9 frames1 may prove exce$+ly valuable 9 w9t]4 ,potatoes t are ready %\ld be tak5 up ) reasonable c>e4 ,x is n wise to wait = ! dy+ d[n ( ! %aws1 because1 :5 ! tub]s are fully gr[n1 !y rip5 z well 9 ! /ore1 out ( h>m's way1 z 9 ! gr\nd1 :]e !y are expos$ to influ5ces t are simply de/ructive4 ,sp9a*4--,9 fav\rable seasons & =w>d localities ,w9t] ,sp9a* s[n 9 ! fir/ half ( ?is mon? w make a good plant be=e w9t]4 ,?9 ! plants t are already up to six in*es ap>t4 ,,octob] ,we$s & fall+ leaves are ! plagues ( ! season4 ,x may seem t !y d no h>m1 b assur$ly !y are directly injuri\s to e crop ^u ! gr\nd1 = !y enc\rage damp & dirt by prev5t+ a free circulation ( air among/ ! crops1 & ! access ( sun%9e to ! l&4 ,keep all clean & tidy1 ev5 to ! removal ( ! l[] leaves ( ,cabbages1 :]e !y lie half decay$ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,! heavy ra9s ( ?is mon? int]f]e 9 a mat]ial degree ) outdoor "w1 & are (t5 a great imp$im5t to ! ord]ly managem5t t %\ld prevail4 ,! accumulation ( rubbi% any:]e1 ev5 if out ( sight1 is to be deplor$ z an evil altoge!r4 ,! injury to vegetation is z great z t inflict$ on our own heal? :5 dirt poisons ! air & damp ha/5s ! g5]al dissolution4 ,x is !re=e above all ?+s necess>y to keep ! g>d5 clean f end to end4 ,all decay+ refuse t c be put into tr5*es %\ld be got out ( sight z soon z possible1 to rot h>mlessly in/ead ( infect+ ! air1 & leaves %\ld be (t5 swept up into heaps1 9 :i* =m !y cease to be injuri\s1 al?\gh1 :5 spread ^u ! gr\nd & trodd5 "u foot1 !y are bre$]s ( mis*ief4 ,if 9 want ( "w1 ply ! hoe among/ all k9ds ( crops1 tak+ c>e n to break or bruise heal?y leaves1 or to di/urb ! roots ( any plant4 ,dig vacant plots1 & lay ! l& up 9 ridges 9 ! r\ghe/ mann] possible4 ,heavy l& may be manur$ n[ ) advantage1 b x is n desirable to manure light l& until spr+4 ,cabbages to be plant$ out z advis$ la/ mon?4 ,c>doon4--,blan*+ mu/ be cont9u$4 ,c>rots4--,lift ! roots & /ore 9 s&4 ,caulifl[]s to be prep>$ = ! w9t]4 ,cel]iac4--,"p ( ! crop %\ld be lift$ & /or$ 9 s&2 ! plants left 9 ! gr\nd to be protect$ by e>?+ ov]4 ,cel]y mu/ be e>!d up1 & protect+ mat]ial got ready to assure its safety dur+ fro/4 ,*icory4--,raise ab\t a doz5 plants at a "t z requir$1 cut or wr5* (f ! foliage1 & pack ! roots1 cr[n upw>ds1 9 boxes ) moi/ leaf-m\ld or soil4 ,!y mu/ be /or$ 9 absolute d>kness 9 "s cell> or ,mu%room-h\se :i* is safe f fro/1 b a =c+ temp]ature is detrim5tal to ! flav\r4 ,ga!r+ may comm5ce ab\t ?ree weeks aft] /or+4 ,! yield is abundant1 & is ( especial value = salad+ ?r\gh ! autumn & w9t] mon?s4 ,endive to be blan*$ = use z x acquires full size1 b n be=e1 z ! blan*+ makes an end ( gr[?4 ,lettuce4--,cont9ue to plant z be=e advis$1 & make a f9al s[+ 9 frames n lat] ?an ! middle ( ! mon?4 ,p>snips may be dug all ! w9t] z want$4 ,al?\gh a slight fro/ w n injure !m :5 left 9 ! gr\nd1 protection by r\gh litt] is ne$ful 9 v sev]e wea!r4 ,x (t5 happ5s t !y gr[ freely soon aft] ! turn ( ! ye>1 & !n become wor?less4 ,potatoes to be tak5 up & /or$ ) all possible spe$4 ,rhub>b = =c+ %\ld be tak5 up & laid aside 9 a dry1 cool place1 expos$ to ! wea!r4 ,?is gives ! roots a *eck1 & con/itutes a k9d ( w9t]1 :i* 9 "s degree prep>es !m = ! =c+ pit4 ,roots1 su* z ,beet1 ,salsify1 & ,turnip1 to be tak5 up z soon z possible1 & /or$ = ! w9t]4 ,w9t] ,gre5s may /ill be transplant$1 & x is (t5 bett] to use up ! rema9d] ( ! se$-b$s ?an to let ! plants /&4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a sev]e w9t]1 ^! late-plant$ ,gre5s may n be ( mu* value2 b 9 a mild gr[+ w9t] !y w make "s progress1 & may prove v useful 9 ! spr+4 ,,novemb] ,! rem>ks already made on ! necessity = tid9ess & ! quick disposal ( all decay+ refuse apply z =cibly to ?is mon? z to ,octob]4 ,! leaves are fall+1 ! atmosph]e is moi/1 & !re %\ld be ! utmo/ c>e tak5 n to make ?+s worse by scatt]+s ( vegetable rubbi%4 ,n[ we are 9 ! #8dull days be=e ,*ri/mas' ! affairs ( ! g>d5 may be review$ 9 detail1 & ?is is ! be/ p]iod = su* a review4 ,sorts t h done well or ill1 wants t h be5 felt1 mi/akes t h be5 made1 are fre% 9 "o's memory1 & 9 ord]+ se$s1 roots1 plants1 c41 = next season's "w1 exp]i5ce & obs]vation c be record$ ) a view to future b5efit4 ,consi/5tly ) ! revision ( plans by ! fireside1 revise ! "w out ( doors4 ,beg9 to prep>e = next ye>'s crops by tr5*+1 manur+1 plant+1 & collect+ /uff to burn 9 a #8smo!r4' ,l& dug n[ = spr+ se$s & roots1 & kept q r\gh1 w only require to be levell$ d[n & rak$ ov] :5 spr+ comes to be ready = se$1 & w produce bett] crops ?an if prep>$ 9 a hurry4 ,protect+ mat]ial = all ! ne$s ( ! season mu/ be 9 read9ess1 9 view ( ! fact t a few nights ( h>d fro/ may de/roy ,lettuces1 ,endives1 ,cel]y1 & ,caulifl[]s wor? _m p\nds1 :i* a few %ill+s'-wor? ( lab\r & litt] w\ld h sav$4 ,e>?work c g5]ally be pu%$ on1 & x is good practice to get all road-m5d+ & ! break+ up ( new gr\nd complet$ be=e ! ye> runs out1 because ( ! h9drance t may result f fro/1 & ! inevitable pressure ( o!r "w at ! turn ( ! spr+4 ,! wea!r is an important matt]2 b (t5 ! mon? ( ,novemb] is fav\rable to outdoor "w1 & lab\r c !n be f\nd m readily ?an at mo/ o!r seasons4 ,arti*okes1 ,globe1 mu/ be protect$ ere fro/ attacks !m4 ,cut (f ! /ems & l>ge leaves to )9 a foot ( ! gr\nd2 !n heap up along ea* side ( ! r[s a lot ( dry litt] consi/+ ( /raw1 pea haulm1 or leaves1 tak+ c>e 9 s do+ to leave free access to light & air4 ,! he>ts mu/ n be cov]$1 or decay w foll[4 ,arti*okes1 ,j]usalem1 may be dug z want$1 b "s %\ld be lift$ & /or$ 9 s& = use dur+ fro/s4 ,asp>agus b$s n yet clean$ mu/ h prompt att5tion4 ,cut d[n ! br[n grass & rake (f all ! we$s & rubbi%1 & f9i% by putt+ on a dress+ ( seawe$1 or half-rott5 /able manure4 ,bean1 ,broad4--,x is cu/om>y on dry w>m soils to s[ ,beans at ! end ( ,octob] or dur+ ,novemb] = a fir/ crop1 & ! practice is to be comm5d$4 ,on cold damp soils1 & on clay l&s ev]y:]e1 x is a wa/e ( se$ & lab\r to s[ n[1 b e di/rict has its peculi> capabilities1 & ea* cultivator mu/ judge = himself4 ,9 any case1 ,beans s[n dur+ ?is mon? %\ld be put on well-dra9$ l& 9 a %elt]$ spot4 ,broccoli4--,9 inclem5t di/ricts lay ! plants ) _! heads fac+ ! nor?4 ,c>rot to be s[n 9 frames1 & successive s[+s made e ?ree or f\r weeks until ,febru>y4 ,caulifl[]s w be turn+ 91 & possibly ^? com+ =w>d w be all ! bett] (f = be+ cov]$ ) a leaf to protect ! heads f fro/4 ,if ! b>omet] rises /eadily & ! w9d goes r\nd to nor? or nor?-ea/1 draw all ! be/ ,caulifl[]s1 & put !m 9 a %$ or any out-(-!-way place safe = use4 ,cel]y4--,h>d fro/ com+ aft] heavy ra9 may prove de/ructive to ,cel]y2 & x is well1 if !re is a crop wor? sav+1 to cut a tr5* r\nd ! plantation to fav\r escape ( surplus wat]4 ,if tak5 up & pack$ away 9 a dry %$1 ! /icks w keep fre% = "s "t4 ,horse-radi% to be tak5 up & /or$ ready = use1 & new plantations made z wea!r p]mits & gr\nd c be sp>$4 ,pea4--,! s[+ ( ,peas outdoors n[ is n recomm5d$ = g5]al practice1 b only = ^? :o are s fav\rably circum/anc$ z to h a fair prospect ( success4 ,if x is det]m9$ to s[1 select = ! purpose a dry1 light1 well-dra9$ sunny bord]1 & make x safe f mice1 slugs1 & sp>r[s4 ,! quick-gr[+ r\nd-se$$ v>ieties mu/ be *os5 = ! purpose1 & x w be advisable to s[ two or ?ree sorts r ?an "o only4 ,peas to be gr[n entirely "u glass may be />t$ n[4 ,sea ,kale to be lift$ = =c+4 ,?is delici\s vegetable may1 inde$1 be =c$ = ! table 9 ?is mon?2 b x is n advisable to be 9 su* ha/e1 = a f9e sample _c be secur$ s e>ly4 ,sea ,kale is ! easie/ ?+ 9 ! _w to =ce2 ! only po9t ( importance is to h /rong roots to beg9 )4 ,any place su* z ,mu%room-h\ses1 cell>s1 pits1 or old %$s1 :]e x is possible to ma9ta9 a temp]ature ( #de to #ee1 may be utilis$ = ! purpose4 ,put ! plants ?ickly into pots or boxes1 or plant !m 9 a b$1 & x is ess5tial to exclude light to insure blan*+4 ,by ^! simple means a regul> supply may be obta9$ until ! p]man5t b$s 9 ! op5 gr\nd come into use4 ,,decemb] ,! be/ advice t c be giv5 = ?is mon? is to be prep>$ = ei!r heavy ra9 or %>p fro/1 s t extreme v>iations ( temp]ature may inflict ! lea/ possible injury 9 ! g>d54 ,let ! "w be ord]$ ) ref]5ce to ! wea!r1 t !re may be no #8poa*+' on wet gr\nd1 or absurd conflict ) fro/4 ,accept e opportunity ( :eel+ out manure2 & z long z ! gr\nd c be dug )\t wa/e ( lab\r1 proce$ to op5 tr5*es1 make dra9s1 & m5d walks1 because ?is is ! p]iod = improv+1 & ! place mu/ be v p]fect :i* af=ds no "w = w9t] wea!r4 ,dispose ( all rubbi% by ! simple process ( putt+ x 9 tr5*es :5 digg+ plots = e>ly se$s4 ,9 %$s & ou?\ses _m tasks may be f\nd1 su* z mak+ l>ge sub/antial tallies = ! g>d52 ! little paltry ?+s commonly us$ be+ simply delusive1 = !y are g5]ally miss+ :5 want$1 f _! liability to be trodd5 into ! gr\nd or kick$ any:]e by a he$less foot4 ,make ready pea-/icks1 /akes ( sizes1 & at odd times ga!r up all ! dry /uff t is adapt$ = a gr& #8smo!r4' ,a c>eful =eca/+ ( ! next ye>'s cropp+ w %[ t ev5 n[ _m arrangem5ts may be made to increase ! *ances ( success4 ,w>m ,bord] to be prep>$ = e>ly "w by digg+ & manur+4 ,all ! refuse turf & leaf-m\ld f ! pott+-%$ & ! soil knock$ out ( pots may be usefully dispos$ ( by add+ x to ?is bord]1 :i* _c be too light or too ri*1 & a good dress+ ( manure w give x /r5g? to p]=m its duties4 ,beans1 ,broad1 to be e>!d up = protection & support4 ,cel]y to be e>!d up = ! la/ "t4 ,9 case ( sev]e wea!r1 h protect+ mat]ial at h& 9 ! %ape ( dry litt] or mats4 ,pea-/icks make a capital f\ndation on :i* to ?r[ long litt]1 mats1 c41 = quickly cov]+ ,cel]y1 ! protection be+ z quickly remov$ :5 ! fro/ is ov]1 & co/+ next to no?+4 ,endive w be valu$ n[1 & mu/ be blan*$ z requir$4 ,place a few 9 frames & o!r protect$ spots4 ,9 ! unus$ corn]s ( %$s & ou?\ses !y may be saf] ?an out ( doors4 ,p>sley4--,9 all cold di/ricts x is wise to secure a b$ ( ,p>sley1 9 a frame or pit1 or if a few plants 7 pott$ 9 ,septemb]1 !y may be w9t]$ 9 any place :]e !y c h light & air freely4 ,x is s important to h ,p>sley at comm& z want$1 t x may be wor? :ile to put a frame ov] a few r[s z !y /& 9 ! op5 qu>t]1 r ?an risk ! loss ( all 9 ! ev5t ( sev]e wea!r4 ,radi%4--,s[ "o ( ! long sorts = a fir/ supply 9 "s w>m spot1 to secure quick gr[?4 ,und]gr\nd ,onions to be plant$ 9 r[s "o foot ap>t4 ,!y %\ld n be e>!d up1 = ! "y bulbs =m r\nd ! /ems 9 full daylight4 ,,! ,,rotation ,,( ,,crops ,,9 ,,! ,,vegetable ,,g>d5 ,?is is a subject wor?y ! att5tion ( ^? :o aim at ! l>ge/ possible production & ! highe/ possible quality ( e k9d ( kit*5-g>d5 crop1 = x conc]ns ! natural relations ( ! plant & ! soil z to _! sev]al *emical con/itu5ts4 ,! pr9ciple may be illu/rat$ by consid]+ ! dem&s ( two ( ! mo/ common kit*5-g>d5 crops4 ,if we submit a ,cabbage to ! de/ructive ag5cy ( fire1 & analyse ! a%es t rema91 we %all f9d 9 !m1 9 r\nd numb]s1 eight p] c5t4 ( sulphuric acid1 sixte5 p] c5t4 ( phosphoric acid1 f\r p] c5t4 ( soda1 =ty-eight p] c5t4 ( pota%1 & fifte5 p] c5t4 ( lime4 ,x is evid5t t we _c expect to gr[ a ,cabbage on a soil :i* is de/itute ( ^! +r$i5ts1 to say no?+ ( o!rs4 ,! obnoxi\s od\r ( sulphur emitt$ by decay+ ,cabbages might indicate1 to anyone accu/om$ to reflect on ord9>y occurr5ces1 t sulphur is an important con/itu5t ( ,cabbage4 ,if we submit a ,potato tub] to a simil> process1 ! result w be to f9d 9 ! a%es fifty-n9e p] c5t4 ( pota%1 two p] c5t4 ( soda1 six p] c5t4 ( sulphuric acid1 n9ete5 p] c5t4 ( phosphoric acid1 & two p] c5t4 ( lime4 ,! lesson = ! cultivator is1 t to prep>e a soil = ,cabbage x is ( ! utmo/ importance to employ a manure conta9+ sulphates1 phosphates1 & pota% salts 9 consid]able quantity2 z = ! lime1 t c be suppli$ sep>ately1 b ! ,cabbage mu/ h x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to prep>e a soil = ,potatoes x is necess>y to employ a manure /rongly *>g$ ) salts ( pota% & phosphates1 b x ne$ n be highly *>g$ ) soda or lime1 = we f9d b a small proportion ( ^! +r$i5ts 9 ! ,potato4 ,!re are soils s naturally ri* 9 all t crops require1 t !y may be till$ = ye>s )\t ! aid ( manures1 & w n cease to yield an abundant return4 ,b su* soils are exceptional1 & ^? t ne$ con/ant manur+ are ! rule4 ,"o po9t m1 ere we proce$ to apply to practice ^! elem5t>y consid]ations4 ,9 almo/ e soil1 :e!r /rong clay1 mell[ loam1 poor s&1 or ev5 *alk1 !re are comm+l+s ( all ! m9]als requir$ by plants1 &1 inde$1 if !re 7 n1 we %\ld see no h]bage on ! d[ns1 & no ,ivies climb+1 z !y d1 to ! topmo/ heights ( lime/one rocks4 ,b usually a consid]able proportion ( ^? m9]al con/itu5ts on :i* plants fe$ are lock$ up 9 ! /aple1 & are only dissolv$ out sl[ly z ! ra91 ! dew1 ! ev]-mov+ air1 & ! sun%9e op]ate ^u !m & make !m available4 ,z ! rock sl[ly yields up its phosphates1 alkalies & silica to ! wild vegetation t runs riot ^u x1 s ! cultivat$ field 7:i* is b rock 9 a /ate ( decay7 yields up its phosphates1 alkalies & silica = ! s]vice ( plants ! m quickly because x is ! practice ( ! cultivator to /ir ! soil & cont9ually expose fre% surfaces to ! trans=m+ p[] ( ! atmosph]e4 ,x has be5 said t ! air we brea! is a p[]ful manure4 ,s x is1 b n 9 ! s5se t is applicable to /able manure or guano4 ,! air may & does af=d to plants mu* ( _! food1 b x c only help !m to ! m9]als !y require by dissolv+ ^! out ( pebbles1 fl9ts1 nodules ( *alk1 s&/one1 & o!r sub/ances 9 ! soil :i* conta9 !m 9 :at may be t]m$ a lock$-up condition4 ,e fre% exposure ( ! soil to ! air1 & especially to fro/ & sn[1 is z ! op5+ ( a new m9e ( f]tilis]s = ! s]vice ( ^? plants on :i* man dep5ds = 8 subsi/5ce4 ,! application to practice ( ^! consid]ations is an extremely simple matt] 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 b x may become v complicat$ if foll[$ f> en\gh4 ,"h we c only t\* ! surface ( ! subject1 yet we hope to d s usefully4 ,suppose1 !n1 t we gr[ ,cabbage1 or ,caulifl[]1 or ,broccoli1 on ! same plot ( gr\nd1 "o crop foll[+ ! o!r = a long s]ies ( ye>s1 & nev] refre% ! soil ) manure1 x mu/ be evid5t t we %all1 "s day or o!r1 f9d ! crop fail ?r\gh ! exhau/ion ( ! soil ( its available sulphur1 phosphates1 lime1 or pota%4 ,b if ?is soil 7 all[$ to lie fall[ = "s "t1 x w\ld aga9 produce a crop ( ,cabbage1 ow+ to ! lib]ation ( m9]al matt]s :i*1 :5 ! crops 7 fail+1 7 n releas$ fa/ en\gh1 b :i*1 dur+ ! re/ all[$ to ! soil1 accumulat$ suffici5tly to su/a9 a crop4 ,obvi\sly ?is mode ( proc$ure is unpr(itable & t5ds ( necessity to exhau/ion1 al?\gh x mu/ be confess$ t utt] exhau/ion ( any soil is a ?+ at pres5t almo/ unkn[n4 ,b1 in/ead ( foll[+ a practice :i* impov]i%es1 let u enri* ! soil ) manure1 & *ange ! crops on ! same plot1 s t :5 "o crop has l>gely tax$ x = "o class ( m9]als1 a diff]5t crop is gr[n :i* w tax x = ano!r class ( m9]als4 ,take = a mom5t's consid]ation "o ( ! necess>y con/itu5ts ( a f]tile soil1 common salt 7*loride ( sodium74 ,9 ! a% ( a ,cabbage !re is ab\t six p] c5t4 ( ?is m9]al1 9 ! ,turnip ab\t t5 p] c5t41 9 ! ,potato two to ?ree p] c5t41 9 ! ,beet eighte5 to tw5ty p] c5t4 ,on ! o!r h& ! ,beet conta9s v little sulphur1 b bo? ,turnip & ,beet agree 9 be+ /rongly *>g$ ) pota% & soda4 ,x foll[s t if we crop a piece ( gr\nd ) ,cabbage1 & wi% to avoid ! failure t may occur if we cont9ue to crop ) ,cabbage1 we may expect to d well by giv+ ! gr\nd a dress+ ( common salt & pota% salts1 & !n crop x ) ,beet4 ,! :ole subject is n exhau/$ by ?is mode ( view+ x1 = all ! facts are n yet fully und]/ood by ! able/ ( our *emi/s & physiologi/s1 & crops diff] 9 _! me?ods ( seek+ n\ri%m5t4 ,we might f9d two di/9ct plants ne>ly agree+ 9 *emical con/itution1 & yet "o might fail :]e ! o!r w\ld succe$4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 we h gr[n ,cabbage & o!r surface-root+ crops until ! soil beg9s to fail1 ev5 !n we might obta9 f x a good crop ( ,p>snips or ,c>rots1 = ! simple reason t ^! s5d _! roots d[n to a /ratum t ! ,cabbage nev] rea*$2 & x is mo/ in/ructive to be> 9 m9d t al?\gh ! ,p>snip w gr[ on poor l&1 & pay on l& t has be5 badly till$ = ye>s1 yet ! a%es ( ! ,p>snip conta9 ?irty-six p] c5t4 ( pota%1 elev5 p] c5t4 ( lime1 eighte5 p] c5t4 ( phosphoric acid1 six p] c5t4 ( sulphuric acid1 ?ree p] c5t4 ( phosphate ( iron1 & five p] c5t4 ( common salt4 ,h[ does ! ,p>snip obta9 its m9]al food 9 a soil :i* = o!r crops appe>s to be exhau/$8 ,simply by pu%+ d[n = x into a m9e t has hi!rto be5 b little work$1 ?\gh ,cabbage might fail on ! same plot because ! sup]ficial /ratum has be5 ov]tax$4 ,hav+ attempt$ a g5]al1 we n[ proce$ to a p>ticul> application4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 good l&1 well till$ & abundantly manur$1 _c be soon exhau/$2 b ev5 9 ?is case a rotation ( crops is advisable4 ,x is less easy to say :y ?an to insi/ t 9 practice we f9d x to be s4 ,! "q !n arises--,:at is a rotation ( crops8 ,x is ! ord]+ ( a succession 9 su* a mann] t ! crops w tax ! soil = m9]al alim5ts 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,a good rotation w include bo? *emical & me*anical diff]5ces1 & place tap-roots 9 a c\rse betwe5 surface roots1 z1 = example1 ,c>rot1 ,p>snip1 & ,beet1 aft] ,cabbage1 ,caulifl[]1 & ,broccoli2 & light1 quick surface crops1 su* z ,sp9a*1 to s]ve z sub/itutes = fall[s4 ,! cropp+ ( ! kit*5 g>d5 %\ld be1 z f> z possible1 s ord]$ t plants ( ! same natural families nev] imm$iately succe$ "o ano!r2 &1 above all ?+s1 x is important to %ift f place to place1 ye> aft] ye>1 ! ,cabbages & ! ,potatoes1 because ^! are ! mo/ exhau/ive crops we gr[4 ,9 a ton ( ,potatoes !re are ab\t twelve p\nds ( pota%1 f\r p\nds ( sulphuric acid1 f\r p\nds ( phosphoric acid1 & "o p\nd ( magnesia4 ,we may replace ^! sub/ances by abundant manur+1 & we are b\nd to say t ! be/ rotation w n obviate ! necessity = manur+2 b ev5 !n x is well to crop ! plot ) ,peas1 ,sp9a*1 ,lettuce1 & o!r plants t occupy x = a comp>atively brief space ( "t1 & necessitate mu* digg+ & /irr+2 = ^! me*anical ag5cies comb9e ) ! manure 9 prep>+ ! plot to gr[ ,potatoes aga9 mu* bett] ?an if ! l& 7 kept to ?is crop only f ye> to ye>4 ,if we c\ld m>k out a plot ( gr\nd into f\r p>ts1 we %\ld devote "o plot to p]man5t crops--su* z ,asp>agus1 ,sea ,kale1 & ,rhub>b--& on ! o!r ?ree keep ! crops revolv+ 9 "s su* ord] z ?is3 ,no4 #a1 ,potatoes1 ,cel]y1 ,leek1 ,c>rot1 ,p>snip1 ,beet1 c4 ,no4 #b1 ,peas1 ,beans1 ,onions1 ,summ] ,sp9a*1 c41 foll[$ by ,turnips = w9t] use1 ,cabbage = spr+ use1 & ,w9t] ,sp9a*4 ,no4 #c1 ,brassicas1 includ+ ,broccoli1 ,brussels ,spr\ts1 ,kale1 c4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ! orig9al ,no4 #a w\ld be cropp$ z ,no4 #b1 & ,no4 #b z ,no4 #c4 ,9 ! ?ird season correspond+ *anges w\ld be made1 con/itut+ a ?ree-c\rse sy/em4 ,! cultivator mu/ use discretion 9 cropp+ vacant gr\nd4 ,z an example x w be obvi\s t l& cle>$ ( ,e>ly ,potatoes w be v suitable = plant+ ,/rawb]ries4 ,ano!r po9t is wor? att5tion3 ,peas s[n on ! l9es :]e ,cel]y has be5 gr[n w ?rive )\t any prep>ation beyond levell+ ! gr\nd & draw+ ! necess>y drills4 ,?is is a ,we/ ( ,engl& cu/om1 & x answ]s exce$+ly well4 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,g>d5 ,,crops ,a ,consid]ation ( ! *emi/ry ( ! crops t engage att5tion 9 ?is c\ntry w af=d an explanation ( "o great diff]5ce betwe5 f>m+ & g>d5+4 ,& ?is diff]5ce %\ld be kept 9 m9d by all classes ( cultivators z ! basis ( op]ations 9 tillage1 cropp+1 & ! ord] & "* ( rotations4 ,! fir/ ?+ to discov] 9 ! cropp+ ( a f>m is ! k9d ( vegetation = :i* ! l& is be/ adapt$ to insure1 9 a run ( seasons1 fairly pr(itable results4 ,if ! soil is unfit = c]eals1 !n x is %e] folly to s[ any m corn ?an may be ne$ful = conv5i5ce1 z1 = example1 to supply /raw = ?at*+ & litt]1 & oats = horses1 to save co/ ( c>riage1 c4 ,on l>ge f>ms t are f> remov$ f m>kets x is (t5 necess>y to risk a few crops t ! l& is ill fitt$ =1 9 ord] to satisfy ! requirem5ts ( ! home/ead1 & to save ! outlay ( money & ! inconv5i5ce ( haul+ f di/ant m>kets4 ,b ev]y:]e ! cropp+ mu/ be adapt$ to ! soil & ! climate z ne>ly z possible1 bo? to simplify op]ations & enl>ge to ! utmo/ ! *ances ( success4 ,9 ! cropp+ ( a g>d5 ?is pla9 proc$ure _c be foll[$4 ,we are compell$ c]ta9ly to consid] :at ! soil & climate w especially fav\r among/ g>d5 crops1 b1 not)/&+ ?is1 ! g>d5] mu/ gr[ :atev] ! h\sehold requires4 ,he may h to gr[ ,peas on a hot %all[ s&2 & ,potatoes & ,c>rots on a cold clay2 & ,asp>agus on a %all[ b$ ( pebbles & pot%]ds4 ,to ! g>d5] ! *emi/ry ( crops is a matt] ( great importance1 because he _c re/rict 8 op]ations to su* crops z ! l& is p>ticul>ly adapt$ =1 b mu/ endeav\r to make ! l& capable ( c>ry+ m or less ( all ! vegetables & fruits t f9d a place 9 ! catalogue ( dome/ic wants4 ,t he mu/ fail at c]ta9 po9ts is inevitable2 nev]!less 8 aim w be1 & mu/ be1 ( a some:at univ]sal k9d1 & a cle> idea ( ! relations ( plants to ! soil 9 :i* !y gr[ w be ( con/ant & incalculable value to him4 ,we are b\nd to say at ! outset t a complete essay on ! *emi/ry ( vegetation is n our purpose4 ,we are anxi\s to convey "s useful in=mation1 & to k9dle suffici5t int]e/ to induce ^? :o h hi!rto giv5 b slight att5tion to ?is "q to inquire fur!r1 ) a view to get f> beyond ! po9t at :i* we %all h to quit ! subject4 ,plants consi/ ( two classes ( con/itu5ts--! ,inorganic1 :i* may be call$ ! f\ndation2 & ! ,organic1 :i* may be consid]$ ! sup]/ructure4 ,) ! =m] ( ^! we are pr9cipally conc]n$ "h4 ,a plant mu/ d]ive f ! soil c]ta9 proportions ( silica1 lime1 sulphur1 phosphates1 alkalies1 & o!r m9]al con/itu5ts1 or x _c exi/ at all2 b1 giv5 ^!1 ! manufacture ( fibre1 />*1 gum1 sug>1 & o!r organic products dep5ds on ! action ( light1 heat1 atmosph]ic air1 & moi/ure1 = ! organic products h to be creat$ by *emical 7or vital7 action )9 ! /ructure1 or1 z we sometimes say1 ! tissues ( ! plant itself4 ,to a v great ext5t ! ag5cies t conduce to ! elaboration ( organic products are beyond our control 7?\gh n entirely s71 :]eas we c directly1 & to a consid]able degree1 provide ! plant ) ! m9]als x m p>ticul>ly requires2 fir/1 by *oos+ ! gr\nd = x1 & next by till+ & manur+ 9 a suitable mann]4 ,a clay soil1 9 :i*1 9 addition to ! pr$om9at+ alum9a1 !re is a fair proportion ( lime1 may be reg>d$ z ! mo/ f]tile = all purposes2 b we h few su* 9 ,brita91 our clays be+ mo/ly ( an obdurate texture1 ret5tive ( moi/ure1 & requir+ mu* cultivation1 & conta9+1 moreov]1 salts ( iron 9 proportions & =ms almo/ poison\s to plants4 ,b !re are pr(\nd res\rces 9 mo/ clays1 s t if x is difficult to tame !m1 x is also difficult to exhau/ !m4 ,h5ce a clay t has be5 well cultivat$ ?r\gh sev]al g5]ations w g5]ally produce a fair return = :atev] crop may be put ^u x4 ,lime/one soils are usually v por\s & defici5t ( clay1 & !re=e h no su/a9+ p[]4 ,_m ( our great tracts ( m\nta9 lime/one are m]e %eep-walks1 & w\ld be comp>atively wor?less except = ! lime t may be obta9$ by burn+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 *alk1 :i* is a m rec5t =m ( c>bonate ( lime1 is (t5 highly productive1 m especially :]e1 ?r\gh long cultivation1 x has be5 mu* brok5 up1 & has become loamy ?r\gh accumulation ( humus4 ,betwe5 ! olde/ lime/one & ! late/ *alk !re are _m int]m$iate k9ds ( calc>e\s soils1 & !y are mo/ly good1 ow+ to _! ri*ness 9 phosphates1 ! products ( ! m>9e organisms ( :i* ^! rocks 9 great "p1 & 9 "s cases :olly1 consi/4 ,= ! gr[? ( c]eals ^! calc>e\s soils ne$ a c]ta9 proportion ( silica1 & :]e !y h ?is we see "s ( ! f9e/ crops ( ,:eat1 ,trifolium1 ,peas & ,beans 9 ^! isl&s4 ,if we c\ld mix "s ( our obdurate clays ) our b>r5 lime/ones1 ! two comp>atively wor?less /aples w\ld probably prove rem>kably f]tile4 ,al?\gh ?is is impossible1 a consid]ation ( ! *emi/ry ( ! imag9>y mixture may be useful1 m especially to ! g>d5]1 :o c 9 a small way accompli% _m ?+s t are impracticable on a great scale4 ,s&y soils are *>act]is$ by excess ( silica1 & defici5cy ( alum9a1 phosphates & pota%4 ,"h ! me*anical texture is z s]i\s a matt] z x is 9 ! case ( clay4 ,! s& is too loose z ! clay is too pa/y1 & x may be t we h to prev5t ! e/ate f be+ bl[n away4 ,x is especially wor?y ( obs]vation1 h[ev]1 t s&y soils are ! mo/ readily am5able ( any to ! op]ation ( tillage4 ,if we _c take mu* out ( !m1 we c put any am\nt into !m1 & x is always necess>y to calculate :]e ! process ( enri*m5t is to /op4 ,x is n less wor?y ( obs]vation t s&y soils c be r5d]$ capable ( produc+ almo/ e k9d ( crop1 save c]eals & pulse1 & ev5 ^! c be secur$ :]e !re is "s basis ( peat or loam or clay ) ! s&4 ,! p>ks & g>d5s ( ,p>is1 ,v]sailles1 & ,ha>lem are on deep s&s t drift be=e ! w9d :5 left expos$ = any l5g? ( "t ) no crop ^u !m2 & n only d we see ! f9e/ ( ,potatoes & ! mo/ nutriti\s ( h]bage produc$ on ^! soils1 b good ,caulifl[]s1 ,peas1 ,beans1 ,onions1 fruits1 & big trees ( s\nd timb]4 ,g>d5 soils usually consi/ ( loam ( "s k9d1 ! consequ5ce ( long cultivation4 ,natural loams are ! result ( ! decay & admixture ( v>i\s e>?s1 & !y are mo/ly ( a mell[ texture1 easily work$ & highly productive4 ,!y are1 z a rule1 ! be/ ( all soils1 & _! goodness is 9 "p due to ! fact t !y conta9 a little ( ev]y?+1 ) no great pr$om9ance ( any "o p>ticul> e>?4 ,cultivation also produces loam4 ,on a clay l& we f9d a top cru/ ( clayey loam1 & on a lime or *alk l& a top cru/ ( calc>e\s loam4 ,:]e cultivation has be5 long pursu$ ! /aple is brok5 & manures are put on1 & ! roots ( plants assi/ 9 dis9tegration & decomposition4 ,?us !re is accumulation ( humus & a decomposition ( ! rock proce$+ toge!r1 & a loam ( "s sort is ! result4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( caution 9 respect ( deep tr5*+1 = if we bury ! top soil & put 9 its place a crude mat]ial t has n be=e se5 daylight1 we may lose t5 ye>s 9 pr(itable cropp+1 because we mu/ n[ beg9 to tame a savage soil t we h be5 at great pa9s to br+ up1 to cov] a /ratum ( a good mat]ial prep>$ = u by ! comb9$ op]ations ( ,nature & ,art dur+1 p]haps1 sev]al c5turies4 ,b deep & good g>d5 soils may be safely tr5*$ & freely knock$ ab\t1 because n only does ! process fav\r ! deep root+ ( ! plants1 b x fav\rs also t dis9tegration :i* is "o ( ! causes ( f]tility4 ,e pebble is capable ( imp>t+ to ! soil a solution--inf9itesimal1 p]haps1 b n ! less real--( silica1 or lime1 or pota%1 or phosphates1 or p]haps ( all ^!2 b x mu/ be expos$ to light & air & moi/ure to enable x to "p ) a portion ( its sub/ance1 & ?us x is t me*anical tillage is ( ! fir/ importance 9 all agricultural & horticultural op]ations4 ,! pr9cipal inorganic or m9]al con/itu5ts ( plants are pota%1 soda1 lime1 iron1 phosphorus1 sulphur1 *lor9e1 & silica4 ,clays & loams are g5]ally ri* 9 pota%1 sulphur1 & phosphates1 b defici5t 9 soluble silica & lime4 ,lime/one & *alk are usually ri* 9 lime & phosphates1 b defici5t 9 humus1 silica1 sulphur1 & alkalies4 ,s&y soils are ri* 9 silica1 b are g5]ally poor 9 respect ( phosphates & alkalies4 ,!re=e1 on a clay or loam1 f>my>d manure is invaluable1 because x conta9s +r$i5ts t all crops appreciate1 & also because x is helpful 9 break+ up ! texture ( ! soil4 ,! occasional application ( lime also is important = its almo/ magical effect on g>d5 soil t has be5 lib]ally manur$ & heavily cropp$ = a long t]m ( ye>s4 ,calc>e\s soils are greatly b5efit$ by a free application to !m ( manure f ! /able & c[-byre2 b z a rule x w\ld be l c>ry+ coals to ,newca/le to dress ^! soils ) lime4 ,clay may be put on ) advantage2 & no?+ b5efits a hot *alky soil m ?an a good dose ( mud f ponds & dit*es1 :i* supplies at once humus1 alum9a1 & silicates1 & gives #8/aple' to ! soil1 :ile prev5t+ x also f #8burn+4' ,9 ! manur+ ( s&y soils great c>e is requisite1 because ( _! absorb+ p[]4 ,9 ! bulb-gr[+ di/ricts ( ,holl&1 manure f c[%$s is wor? an enorm\s price = digg+ into loose s& = a crop ( ,potatoes1 to be foll[$ by bulbs4 ,s&y soils are g5]ally defici5t 9 phosphates & alkalies2 h5ce x w on su* soils be frequ5tly f\nd t ka9it 7a crude =m ( pota%7 & sup]phosphate ( lime w conjo9tly produce ! be/ results1 m especially 9 rais+ ,potatoes1 ,onions1 & ,c>rots1 :i* are p>ticul>ly well adapt$ = s&y soils4 ,probably "o ( ! be/ f]tilis]s is g5u9e f>my>d manure f /all-f$ cattle1 = x conta9s phosphates1 alkalies1 & silicates 9 available =ms4 ,= simil> reasons ,p]uvian ,guano is (t5 useful on su* soils4 ,artificial manure %\ld be select$ ) a view to correct ! defici5cies ( ! soil1 & to satisfy ! requirem5ts ( ! crops to be gr[n on x4 ,:ile we h ?us dealt pr9cipally ) ! ,inorganic or m9]al con/itu5ts ( plants1 & ! way 9 :i* ! defici5cies ( ! soil 9 respect ( any ( !m may be suppli$ by artificial applications1 we mu/ n ignore ! o!r class ( con/itu5ts1 ! ,organic4 ,^! are suppli$ almo/ entirely f ! atmosph]e itself1 ?\gh1 to a limit$ ext5t1 ! pres5ce 9 ! soil ( humus or vegetable matt] contributes also4 ,yet ?is latt]1 z se5 9 ! case ( l& heavily dress$ ) f>my>d or /able manure1 vegetable refuse1 c41 ex]cises important functions 9 o!r directions4 ,n only are m9]al con/itu5ts1 9 =ms available = assimilation1 suppli$1 b soils s treat$ d]ive peculi> advantages z reg>ds _! me*anical /ate & improv$ physical conditions1 *iefly 9 respect ( ret5tion ( moi/ure1 w>m?1 c4 ,?us1 s&y soils1 :i* are v apt1 ?r\gh pov]ty 9 humus1 to lose _! moi/ure readily & to #8burn1' are r5d]$ m ret5tive ( moi/ure & f]tilis+ con/itu5ts by ! use ( f>my>d manure1 c41 & h m #8/aple' or sub/ance giv5 to !m1 :ile heavy1 t5aci\s clays are op5$ out1 light5$1 & r5d]$ m am5able to ! influ5ces ( dra9age1 a]ation1 c41 & s become less cold & inactive4 ,= ! pres5t purpose ! pr9cipal g>d5 crops may be gr\p$ 9 two classes1 9 accordance ) _! ma9 *>act]i/ics & ! pr$om9ance ( c]ta9 ( _! m9]al elem5ts4 ,! figures giv5 on ! foll[+ page %[ ! av]age p]c5tage proportions ( ! sev]al m9]als 9 ! a%es ( ! diff]5t plants4 ,9 ,class ,i4 ,phosphates & ,pota% pr$om9ate4 ,?is class consi/s ( ! less succul5t plants1 & includes ! foll[+3 ,! ,pea3 conta9+1 9 #ajj p>ts ( ! a%es1 phosphates1 ?irty-six2 pota%1 =ty4 ,bean3 phosphates1 ?irty2 pota%1 =ty-f\r4 ,potato 7tub]s only73 phosphates1 n9ete52 pota%1 fifty-n9e2 soda1 two2 lime1 two2 sulphuric acid1 six4 ,p>snip3 phosphates1 eighte52 pota%1 ?irty-six2 lime1 elev52 salt1 five4 ,c>rot3 phosphates1 twelve2 pota%1 ?irty-six2 soda1 ?irte52 sulphuric acid1 six4 ,j]usalem ,arti*oke3 phosphates1 sixte52 pota%1 sixty-five4 ,9 ,class ,,ii4 ,sulphur1 ,lime & ,soda ,salts are pr$om9ant4 ,?is class consi/s ( ! m succul5t plants1 & includes ! foll[+3 ,cabbage3 conta9+1 9 #ajj p>ts ( ! a%es1 phosphates1 sixte52 pota%1 =ty-eight2 soda1 f\r2 lime1 fifte52 sulphuric acid1 eight4 ,turnip3 phosphates1 ?irte52 pota%1 ?irty-n9e2 soda1 five2 lime1 t52 sulphuric acid1 f\rte54 ,beet3 phosphates1 f\rte52 pota%1 =ty-n9e2 soda1 n9ete52 lime1 six2 sulphuric acid1 five4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 ,l5tils & o!r k9ds ( pulse agree m or less ) ,peas & ,beans 9 ! pr$om9ance ( phosphates & pota%4 ,s1 aga91 all ! ,brassicas1 :e!r ,kales1 ,caulifl[]1 or :atev] else1 agree ne>ly ) ! ,cabbage 9 ! prom95t pres5ce ( lime & sulphur2 +r$i5ts :i* fully acc\nt = ! (f5sive od\r ( ^! vegetables :5 9 a /ate ( decay4 ,fruits z a rule are highly *>g$ ) alkalies1 & are r>ely defici5t 9 phosphates2 moreov]1 /one-fruits require lime1 = !y h to make bone z well z fle% :5 !y produce a crop4 ,z reg>ds ! alkalies1 plants appe> capable ( sub/itut+ soda = pota% "u "s circum/ances1 b x w\ld n be prud5t = ! cultivator to assume t ! *eap] alkali might take ! place ( ! m co/ly "o z a m9]al ag5t1 = ,nature is /]n & con/ant 9 h] ways1 & x c h>dly be suppos$ t a plant 9 :i* pota% normally pr$om9ates c atta9 to p]fection 9 a soil defici5t 9 pota%1 h[ev] well suppli$ x may be ) soda4 ,! *eap] alkali 9 comb9ation z salt 7*loride ( sodium7 may1 h[ev]1 be usually employ$ 9 aid ( quick-gr[+ gre5 crops2 & m or less ) tap-roots & ,brassicas4 ,salt1 too1 is v useful 9 a dry season by reason ( its p[] ( attract+ & reta9+ moi/ure4 ,z reg>ds ,potatoes1 x is wor?y ( obs]vation t !y conta9 b a trace ( silica1 & yet !y g5]ally ?rive on s&1 & 9 _m in/ances crops gr[n on s& are free f disease & ( high quality1 al?\gh ! weight may n be great4 ,! me*anical texture ( ! soil has mu* to d ) ?is2 & :5 t is aid$ by a supply ( pota% & phosphates1 :e!r f f>my>d manure or artificials1 s&y soils become highly productive ( ,potatoes ( ! v f9e/ quality4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,potatoes also gr[ well on lime/one & *alk1 & yet !re is b little lime 9 !m4 ,"h1 aga91 me*anical texture expla9s ! case 9 "p1 & x is fur!r expla9$ by ! suffici5cy ( pota% & phosphates1 z also ( magnesia1 :i* ent]s 9 a special mann] into ! m9]al con/itution ( ?is root4 ,?us f> we h n ev5 m5tion$ nitrog51 or its common =m ( salts ( ammonia2 nor h we m5tion$ c>bon1 or its v famili> =m ( c>bonic acid4 ,^! are important elem5ts ( plant gr[?2 & !y acc\nt = ! efficacy ( manures d]iv$ directly f ! animal k+dom1 z1 = example1 ! dropp+s ( animals1 includ+ guano1 :i* consi/$ orig9ally ( ! dropp+s ( sea-birds4 ,"s ( ! nitrog5 9 ^! sub/ances1 h[ev]1 is ( an evanesc5t "*1 & rapidly flies away 9 ! =m ( c>bonate ( ammonia2 h5ce1 a heap ( f>my>d manure1 left = sev]al ye>s1 loses mu* ( its value z manure1 & guano %\ld be kept 9 bulk z long z possible1 & protect$ f ! atmosph]e1 or its ammonia w l>gely disappe>4 ,"o difficulty exp]i5c$ by *emi/s & o!rs 9 prep>+ artificial manures is t ( #8fix+' ! ne$ful ammonia1 s t x may be kept f be+ dissipat$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 & at ! same "t be always 9 a /ate 9 :i* x c be appropriat$ by ! plant4 ,9 all good manures1 h[ev]1 !re is a c]ta9 proportion ( x 9 comb9ation1 & 9 _m in/ances ! p]c5tage ( nitrog5 is made ! te/ ( ! value ( a manure4 ,! importance ( humus--! black e>?y sub/ance result+ f ! decay ( vegetation--9 a soil is t x conta9s 9 an assimilable =m _m ( ! +r$i5ts ess5tial to plant life4 ,humus :5 x decomposes gives (f c>bonic acid1 :i* breaks up ! m9]al sub/ances 9 ! soil & r5d]s !m available z plant food4 ,:5 vegetable refuse is burn$1 ! nitrog5--"o ( ! co/lie/ con/itu5ts--is dissipat$ & lo/4 ,b by bury+ ! refuse ! soil gets back a proportion ( ! organic nitrog5 x surr5d]$ & some?+ ov] 9 ! way ( soluble phosphatic & potassic salts2 & z ?is organic nitrog5 assumes ultimately ! =m ( nitric acid1 x c be assimilat$ by ! gr[+ plant1 to ! great b5efit ( :atev] crop may occupy ! gr\nd4 ,! practical conclusion is1 t 9 ! treatm5t ( ! soil a skilful g>d5] w endeav\r to promote its f]tility by af=d+ ! natural influ5ces ( ra91 fro/ & sun full opportunity ( lib]at+ ! con/itu5ts t are lock$ up 9 ! /aple2 by re/or+ 9 ! =m ( refuse z mu* z possible ( :at ! soil has p>t$ ) 9 vegetation2 & by ! addition ( su* f]tilis+ ag5ts z are adapt$ to rectify ! natural defici5cies ( ! soil4 ,?us1 in/ead ( foll[+ a process ( exhau/ion1 ! res\rces ( ! g>d5 may be annually augm5t$4 ,,artificial ,,manures ,,& ,,_! ,,application ,,to ,,g>d5 ,,crops ,plants1 l animals1 require food = _! su/5ance & developm5t1 & :5 ?is is adm9i/]$ 9 insuffici5t quantities1 or unsuitable foods are suppli$1 !y rema9 small1 />v$1 & unheal?y4 ,! *emical elem5ts compos+ ! natural food ( ord9>y crops are t5 9 numb]1 viz4--c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 nitrog51 sulphur1 phosphorus1 potassium1 calcium1 magnesium1 & iron4 ,^! are obta9$ f ! soil & air1 & unless all ( !m are available plants w n gr[4 ,! abs5ce ( ev5 "o ( !m is z disa/r\s z ! want ( all1 & a defici5cy ( "o _c be made up by an excess ( ano!r2 = example1 if ! soil is defici5t 9 potassium ! crop suff]s & _c be improv$ by add+ iron or magnesium4 ,all ! food-elem5ts are f\nd 9 adequate quantities 9 practically all soils & ! surr\nd+ air1 except ?ree--nitrog51 potassium1 & phosphorus4 ,^! are (t5 pres5t 9 r$uc$ am\nt1 or 9 a /ate unsuit$ to plants2 9 su* cases ! defici5cy mu/ be made up be=e remun]ative heal?y crops c be gr[n1 & x is ) ?is express object t manures are add$ to ! soil4 ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n sub/ances employ$ 9 ?is way is f>my>d manure1 :i* is indirectly d]iv$ f plants & conta9s all ! elem5ts ne$$ = ! gr[? ( crops4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ( v v>iable composition & r>ely1 or nev]1 conta9s ^! elem5ts 9 ! mo/ suitable proportions1 & its value c always be greatly improv$ by supplem5t+ its action ) "o or o!r ( ! s-call$ artificial manures or f]tilis]s4 ,al?\gh x is /rongly advisable to add f>my>d manure or vegetable compo/s to ! soil ( all g>d5s n[ & aga91 9 ord] to keep ! texture ( ! soil 9 a satisfactory condition1 excell5t crops c be gr[n by ! use ( artificial f]tilis]s alone4 ,to obta9 ! be/ results f ^! "s exp]i5ce is ( c\rse necess>y1 b ! foll[+ details reg>d+ ! nature & application ( ! common] & m useful k9ds %\ld prove a s]viceable guide 9 ! majority ( cases4 ,artificial manures may be divid$ into ?ree classes3-- #a4 ,! ,nitrog5\s class1 ( :i* nitrate ( soda & sulphate ( ammonia are examples4 #b4 ,! ,phosphatic class1 su* z sup]phosphate1 basic slag1 & /eam$ bone fl\r4 #c4 ,! ,pota% class1 includ+ ka9it & sulphate ( pota%4 ,! sev]al examples ( ea* class conta9 only "o ( ! ?ree important plant food-elem5ts1 & z a s+le elem5t c only be ( use :5 ! o!rs are pres5t 9 ! soil1 x is g5]ally advisable to apply "o f ea* class1 ei!r sep>ately or mix$1 9 ord] to insure t ! crop is suppli$ ) nitrog51 phosphates1 & pota%4 ,nitrog5\s manures specially /imulate ! gr[? ( ! foliage1 /ems1 & roots ( plants1 & are !re=e ( ! greate/ b5efit to ,c>rots1 ,p>snips1 ,turnips1 ,beet1 ,cel]y1 ,asp>agus1 ,rhub>b1 all ! ,cabbage tribe1 & leafy crops g5]ally4 ,nitrate ( soda supplies ! s+le plant food-elem5t1 nitrog51 & ! soda = all practical purposes may be disreg>d$4 ,x dissolves v easily 9 wat] & is tak5 up imm$iately by gr[+ plants1 its effect be+ pla9ly se5 a few days aft] application4 ,z ?is artificial readily dra9s away f uncropp$ l& x %\ld only be adm9i/]$ to gr[+ plants4 ,x is be/ appli$ 9 spr+ & summ] & 9 small quantities2 = example1 at ! rate ( "o p\nd p] squ>e rod1 repeat$ at int]vals ( two or ?ree weeks1 r ?an 9 a s+le l>ge dose4 ,nitrate ( soda mu/ n be mix$ ) sup]phosphate1 b x may be add$ to basic slag & ! pota% manures4 ,sulphate ( ammonia is ano!r nitrog5\s f]tilis]1 simil> 9 its effects to nitrate ( soda1 b sl[] 9 action s9ce its nitrog5 mu/ und]go a *ange into nitrate be=e x is available = plants4 ,x is held by ! soil1 & c !re=e be appli$ e>li] 9 spr+ ?an nitrate ( soda )\t fe> ( loss4 ,! cont9u$ use ( ?is manure1 h[ev]1 is liable to make ! soil s\r1 & consequ5tly x %\ld only be employ$ on gr\nd conta9+ lime1 or to :i* lime has be5 add$4 ,nev] mix sulphate ( ammonia ) basic slag or ) lime1 b x may be mix$ ) sup]phosphate & ! pota% manures4 ,phosphatic manures h ! opposite effect to ! nitrog5\s f]tilis]s1 *eck+ rampant gr[? & enc\rag+ ! e>ly =mation ( fl[]s1 fruit1 & se$s4 ,!y are comp>atively inexp5sive & %\ld be lib]ally appli$ to all soils = all crops4 ,sup]phosphate is an acid manure & be/ suit$ = use on soils conta9+ lime4 ,basic slag is a bett] mat]ial = gr\nd defici5t 9 lime1 or :]e #8club-root' is preval5t4 ,x is less soluble & !re=e sl[] 9 action ?an sup]phosphate4 ,bo? ^! f]tilis]s %\ld be dug into ! soil "s "t be=e ! crop is plant$ or se$ s[n--sup]phosphate at ! rate ( two to ?ree p\nds p] squ>e rod2 basic slag 9 l>g] am\nt1 five to six p\nds p] squ>e rod4 ,sup]phosphate may also be employ$ z a top-dress+ & work$ into ! surface ar\nd gr[+ plants ) ! hoe4 ,/eam$ bone meal or fl\r is ano!r useful phosphatic f]tilis]1 valuable on ! light] classes ( soil4 ,pota% manures are ( b5efit to plants 9 all /ages ( gr[?4 ,!y are p>ticul>ly valuable to ,potatoes1 legum9\s crops1 ,c>rots1 ,p>snips1 ,turnips1 & ,beet4 ,l ! phosphatic manures !y %\ld be work$ into ! soil be=e se$s are s[n or plants are put out4 ,ka9it is be/ appli$ 9 autumn1 = x conta9s a consid]able am\nt ( common salt & magnesium comp\nds :i* are sometimes delet]i\s & be/ wa%$ away 9 ! dra9age wat] dur+ w9t]4 ,x %\ld be dug 9 at ! rate ( ab\t ?ree p\nds p] squ>e rod4 ,sulphate ( pota% is ?ree or f\r times z ri* 9 pota% z ka9it1 & is correspond+ly m exp5sive2 apply 9 spr+ & summ]1 a little 9 advance ( s[+ or plant+1 at ! rate ( ab\t "o p\nd p] squ>e rod4 ,lime4--- ,a ^w or two mu/ be said ab\t lime1 :i* is a natural con/itu5t ( all soils4 ,9 _m in/ances !re is suffici5t = ! ne$s ( mo/ plants1 b :]e lime is defici5t 9 quantity x mu/ be add$ be=e heal?y crops c be rais$4 ,old g>d5s to :i* dung has be5 freely appli$ annually require a lib]al dress+ ( lime e few ye>s1 or ! gr\nd becomes s\r & incapable ( gr[+ good crops ( any k9d4 ,to insure ! prop] action ( :atev] manures are us$ & to secure heal?y crops1 an application ( slak$ quicklime1 at ! rate ( f\rte5 to tw5ty p\nds p] squ>e rod1 is /rongly recomm5d$4 ,z a rem$y aga9/ #8clubb+' or #8f+]-&-toe' disease ( ! ,cabbage tribe ( plants x is indisp5sable2 x also neutralises ! baneful acidity ( ! l&1 & op5s up /iff soils1 mak+ !m m easily till$1 m readily p5etrat$ by ! air1 & w>m] by ! bett] dra9age ( wat] ?r\gh !m4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions = ! manur+ ( ! diff]5t crops m5tion$ w be f\nd effective4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n int5d$ t !y %\ld be slavi%ly foll[$1 = useful sub/itutions may be made 9 ! =mul giv51 if ! nature ( ! v>i\s f]tilis]s is und]/ood & an intellig5t grasp is obta9$ ( ! pr9ciples ( manur+ enunciat$ 9 ?is & ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,9 place ( nitrate ( soda1 a simil> quantity ( sulphate ( ammonia may be us$4 ,in/ead ( sup]phosphate1 ! foll[+ may be advantage\sly employ$3 phosphatic guano1 or mixtures ( basic slag & sup]phosphate1 or bone meal & sup]phosphate2 or basic slag may be appli$ alone on l& defici5t 9 lime4 ,f\r p\nds ( ka9it may also take ! place ( "o p\nd ( sulphate ( pota% 9 ! sugge/$ mixtures m5tion$ bel[4 ,:]e dung is recomm5d$1 tw5ty to tw5ty-five loads p] acre is meant2 l>g] quantities are frequ5tly appli$1 b ^! are uneconomical & mu* less effici5t ?an m mod]ate am\nts supplem5t$ ) artificial f]tilis]s4 ,all ! manures %\ld be work$ into ! soil be=e s[+ or plant+ out1 except ! nitrate ( soda1 :i* is be/ appli$ sep>ately to ! gr[+ plants1 pref]ably 9 small doses at int]vals ( two to f\r weeks4 ,9 all cases ! quantities ( artificials nam$ are int5d$ = use on "o squ>e rod or pole ( gr\nd4 ,,peas ,,& ,,beans4--,^! legum9\s plants are able to obta9 all ! nitrog5 !y ne$ f ! air4 ,!y %\ld1 h[ev]1 be amply suppli$ ) pota% & phosphates1 a good dress+ be+3-- #b-c_/d to #c-a_/b lb4 sup]phosphate #c_/d lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,,dw>f ,,beans are sometimes b5efit$ by ! addition ( #a_/b-lb4 to #a lb4 ( nitrate ( soda4 ,,asp>agus4 ,a dress+ ( dung #b lb4 nitrate ( soda #c-a_/b to #d lb4 sup]phosphate #c lb ka9it ,! ka9it conta9s a consid]able am\nt ( salt1 :i* is ( value to ?is crop4 ,,beet4--,= a f9e crop a mod]ate am\nt ( well-decay$ dung appli$ 9 autumn is almo/ ess5tial1 z well z #c to #d lb4 ( sup]phosphate p] squ>e rod 9 spr+4 ,on l& previ\sly dress$ ) dung = a =m] crop1 ! foll[+ may be us$1 especially on ! light] class ( soils3-- #a-a_/b lb4 nitrate ( soda :5 ! plants are well up1 & a simil> am\nt a =tnight aft] s+l+ #d to #e lb4 sup]phosphate #d lb4 ka9it ,,broccoli ,,& ,,caulifl[]4 ,) dung4 #b to #c lb4 nitrate ( soda #b to #c lb4 sup]phosphate #c_/d lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,)\t dung4 #d to #e lb4 nitrate ( soda #d to #e lb4 sup]phosphate #c_/d lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,,cabbage1 ,,kale1 ,,& ,,brussels ,,spr\ts4--,^! ,brassicas require consid]able quantities ( nitrog5 & phosphates4 ,= spr+ ,cabbage plant$ 9 autumn1 l& well dung$ = ! previ\s crop gives good results ) ! addition ( ! artificials m5tion$ bel[3 = ! autumn crop1 dung %\ld be appli$ be=e plant+ out 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ye>4 ,) dung4 #b to #c lb4 nitrate ( soda #d to #e lb4 sup]phosphate #c_/d lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,)\t dung4 #d lb4 nitrate ( soda #e to #f lb4 sup]phosphat #c_/d lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,,c>rot ,,& ,,p>snip4--,a good dress+ ( dung appli$ to ! previ\s crop is a valuable prep>ation :]e ,c>rots & ,p>snips are to be gr[n4 ,9 addition1 "o ( ! foll[+ mixtures %\ld be us$3-- 7#a7 #c_/d lb4 nitrate ( soda #c to #d lb4 sup]phosphate #c_/d lb4 sulphate ( pota% 7#b7 #c_/d lb4 nitrate ( soda #b lb4 sup]phosphate #a to #b lb4 basic slag #c lb4 ka9it ,,cel]y requires ! use ( dung m ?an almo/ any o!r crop1 & x is little affect$ by artificial manures1 except phosphates1 :i* may be giv5 9 ! =m ( sup]phosphate at ! rate ( #b-a_/b to #c-a_/b lb p] squ>e rod4 ,,lettuce4 ,) dung4 #c to #d lb4 sup]phosphate #a_/b to #a lb4 nitrate ( soda ,)\t dung4 #c to #d lb4 sup]phosphate #a to #a-a_/b lb4 nitrate ( soda #a lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,,onions nev] succe$ )\t an ample supply ( pota%4 ,?is crop %\ld !re=e h f>my>d dung1 or ! special pota% f]tilis]s 9 adequate quantity4 ,) dung4 #c_/d lb4 nitrate ( soda #d to #e lb4 sup]phosphate #c_/d lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,)\t dung4 #a-a_/b to #b-a_/b lb4 nitrate ( soda #e lb4 sup]phosphate #a lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,,leeks require ! same f]tilis]s z ,onions1 b w ne$ little or no nitrate if good dung is us$4 ,,potato4--,= good yield1 high quality1 & fre$om f disease1 ,potatoes are dep5d5t ^u a good supply ( pota%4 ,!y d be/ :5 suppli$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( f>my>d manure1 supplem5t$ by suitable artificials1 b c be gr[n on "s soils ) artificials alone4 ,) dung4 #c_/d lb4 sulphate ( ammonia #c lb4 sup]phosphate #c_/d lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,)\t dung4 #a-a_/b lb4 sulphate ( ammonia #c-a_/b lb4 sup]phosphate #a to #a-a_/b lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,in/ead ( sup]phosphate1 a mixture ( ?is f]tilis] ) an equal am\nt ( bone meal or basic slag may be us$1 & ei!r #d lb4 ( ka9it & #a lb4 ( muriate ( pota% in/ead ( #a lb4 ( sulphate ( pota%4 ,,rhub>b4--,an annual dress+ ( dung is b5eficial1 toge!r ) #f lb4 ( basic slag1 #a lb4 ( sulphate ( pota%1 & #d lb4 ( nitrate ( soda1 half ! nitrate be+ appli$ :5 gr[? comm5ces & ! rema9d] a =tnight lat]4 ,,sp9a*4 ,) dung4 #c to #d lb4 sup]phosphate #b to #c lb4 nitrate ( soda ,)\t dung #d to #e lb4 sup]phosphate #a lb4 sulphate ( pota% #c to #d lb4 nitrate ( soda ,,tomatoes ne$ l>ge supplies ( pota% & phosphates to induce /ocky gr[? & abundance ( fl[]s & fruit4 ,nitrog5\s manures %\ld be )held until ! fl[]+ /age1 = !y /imulate ! production ( rank succul5t /ems & leaves :i* are specially liable to attacks ( fungus pe/s4 ,aft] ! fruit is set ! application ( small doses ( nitrate ( soda1 or sulphate ( ammonia1 z advis$ bel[1 greatly assi/s ! swell+ ( ! crop4 ,! foll[+ mixtures work$ into ! soil w be f\nd b5eficial = ,tomatoes3-- #e to #f lb4 sup]phosphate #g to #h lb4 basic slag #a lb4 sulphate ( pota% or #a lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,nitrate ( soda1 or sulphate ( ammonia1 at ! rate ( #a-a_/b to #b lb4 p] squ>e rod1 may be giv5 ) advantage z soon z ! fruit is set4 ,,turnip ,,& ,,sw$e4--,= ! developm5t ( f9e roots a lib]al supply ( phosphates is ess5tial4 ,) dung4 #a lb4 nitrate ( soda #c to #d lb4 sup]phosphate #c_/d lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,)\t dung #b lb4 nitrate ( soda #d to #e lb4 sup]phosphate #a lb4 sulphate ( pota% ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,fl[]s ,,f ,,se$s ,:e!r ! mod]n dem& = fl[]s has creat$ ! supply1 or ! supply has f\nd an appreciative public1 we ne$ n /ay to discuss4 ,! fact rema9s t ! la/ f\r or five decades h witness$ a ph5om5al ext5sion 9 ! use ( fl[]s by all classes ( ! community1 = ! decoration ( ! h\se no less ?an = beautify+ ! g>d54 ,prim>ily1 ?is advance ( ref9em5t 9 ! popul> ta/e is traceable to ! skill & en?usia/ic devotion ( ! flori/s :o h support$ 9 all _! integrity ! true canons ( floral p]fection1 & ^: lab\rs w cont9ue to be imp]ative = ma9ta9+ ! /&>ds ( quality4 ,by _! sev]e rules ( criticism ! flori/s fur!r ! ends ( floriculture subjectively1 & by ! actual results ( _! lab\rs !y r5d] objective aid1 _! f9e/ fl[]s s]v+ n only z types1 b z ! actual /ud = p]petuat+ ea* race4 ,h5ce ! decl9e ( floriculture w\ld imply ! det]ioration ( fl[]s1 & ! prosp]ity ( floriculture involves progress n only 9 ^? subjects :i* lie )9 ! flori/s' doma91 b ( _m o!rs to :i* !y h n devot$ special att5tion4 ,yet ! ackn[l$gm5t mu/ be made t1 brilliant z _! triumphs h be51 ! me?ods !y practis$ h 9 "s in/ances entail$ v sev]e p5alties4 ,cont9u\s propagation = _m g5]ations1 "u artificial conditions1 s debilitat$ ! con/itution ( ,hollyhocks1 ,v]b5as1 & "s o!r subjects1 t ! plants became victims ( diseases :i* at "o "t ?reat5$ _! exi/5ce4 ,to save !m f annihilation x 0 necess>y to des]t ! worn pa? ( propagation1 & raise plants possess+ ! initial vig\r ( se$l+s4 ,9 /am9a ^! se$l+s prov$ em95tly satisfactory1 al?\gh 9 o!r respects !y 7 at fir/ sadly disappo9t+4 ,x !n became cle> t be=e %[ fl[]s c\ld be obta9$ f se$l+s judgm5t & skill mu/ be devot$ to ! art ( sav+ se$4 ,?is 0 necess>ily a "w ( "t1 dem&+ great pati5ce & r>e sci5tific k4 ,! task 0 und]tak5 ) en?usiasm 9 _m directions1 & ! results h m ?an ju/ifi$ ?is lab\r ( love4 ,=m]ly1 ! univ]sal mode ( p]petuat+ nam$ ,hollyhocks 0 by ! tr\blesome process ( cutt+s1 or by graft+ buds on roots ( se$l+s 9 h\ses heat$ to tropical temp]ature4 ,9 _m places x 0 ! cu/om to lift ! old plants1 pot !m1 & keep !m ?r\gh ! w9t] 9 pits4 ,all ?is 0 f\nd requisite to insure f9e fl[]s4 ,:ile ! burd5 ( ! "w 0 ?us r5d]$ heavy1 ! con/itution ( ! plant became enfeebl$1 & at "o "t ! fe> 0 ent]ta9$ t its ext9ction 0 at h&4 ,b ! new sy/em has pres]v$ ! ,hollyhock1 & at ! same "t af=d$ a /rik+ example ( ! pr9ciple t se$ sav$ sci5tifically is f\nd to reproduce ! v>ieties x 0 tak5 f4 ,se$l+ ,hollyhocks n[ give d\ble fl[]s ( ! f9e/ quality2 & ! se$l+ plants are less liable to disease4 ,s ) ! ,v]b5a4 ,f suitable se$ plants c be rais$ t w produce ! mo/ respl5d5t fl[]s1 & in/ead ( propagat+ a /ock to keep ov] w9t]1 to be /rick5 ) mildew & co/ no end ( c>e1 only to become diseas$ at la/1 a p9* ( se$ is s[n 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y1 & soon !re is a /ock ( heal?y plants possess+ ! vig\r peculi> to se$l+s4 ,^!1 be+ b$d$ out at a prop] "t1 fl[] f> m freely ?an plants f cutt+s1 & produce trusses twice ! size4 ,to illu/rate ! *ange ( me?od /ill fur!r we may in/ance ! ,c9]>ia4 ,=m]ly ?is 0 a tr\blesome plant to gr[1 because x 0 consid]$ necess>y to propagate nam$ v>ieties by divisions & suck]s4 ,! re/rict$ sy/em 0 reflect$ 9 limit$ cultivation4 ,few 7 will+ to v5ture on a task kn[n to be h$g$ ab\t ) difficulties4 ,by degrees x 0 discov]$ t ! f9e/ ,c9]>ias might be secur$ by simply s[+ se$1 & giv+ ! plants ! usual cultivation ( t5d] annuals4 ,?is has br\ght ! ,c9]>ia )9 ! rea* ( ?\s&s :o w\ld n attempt to gr[ x "u ! old sy/em1 & ! consequ5t ga9 to society is imm5se4 ,:at has be5 done ) ! ,c9]>ia has its p>allel 9 q a numb] ( ! mo/ elegant decorative fl[]s4 ,brilliant results h be5 a*iev$ ) ,begonias1 ,calceol>ias1 ,cyclam5s1 ,glox9ias1 ,primulas1 & ,s*izan?us4 ,x has also ceas$ to be ne$ful to keep su* l>ge /ocks ( b$d+ & o!r plants ?r\gh ! w9t]1 = ,ag]atums1 ,lobelias1 & ,pansies h prov$ am5able to ! new treatm5t1 & v mu* ( ! accu/om$ lab\r 9 /rik+ & pott+ cutt+s1 z well z ! exp5se ( glass1 fuel1 & ! frequ5t pur*ase ( high-pric$ plants1 h be5 r5d]$ unnecess>y4 ,ev5 among ! fl[]s :i* are prop]ly designat$ annuals1 new & delightful v>iations h be5 obta9$ f orig9al types4 ,( ^! we h examples 9 ,a/]1 ,godetia1 ,l>kspur1 ,mignonette1 ,phlox ,drummondii1 ,poppy1 ,/ock1 ,sweet ,pea1 & _m o!rs4 ,9 "s in/ances ! increase 9 ! size ( ! fl[]s is rem>kable1 & 9 o!rs ! developm5t ( new t9ts w surprise ^? :o are n famili> ) ! lab\rs ( mod]n hybridis]s4 ,?us a revolution has be5 accompli%$ 9 ! economy & complexion ( ! ,engli% ,fl[] ,g>d51 a revolution :i* has r$uc$ & simplifi$ ! g>d5]'s lab\rs1 augm5t$ ! numb] & enhanc$ ! beauty ( _m fl[]s1 effect$ a m>k$ sav+ 9 ! co/ ( g>d5 pleasures1 & br\ght ! culture ( a l>ge numb] ( ! mo/ attractive subjects )9 ! means ( ^? :o _h nei!r ! facilities nor ! k requisite = pursu+ ! flori/'s me?ods4 ,!re appe> to be no limits to fur!r progress4 ,all t we c d is to exp]im5t & ga!r k1 & ^? :o love g>d5+ may assi/ 9 ext5d+ ! area ( ?is new & *eap sy/em ( produc+ "s ( ! mo/ elegant g>d5 fl[]s 9 "o season f se$ alone4 ,! "t & ! me?od ( s[+ fl[] se$s mu/ 9 ea* case be regulat$ by consid]ations z to _! nature4 ,se$s ( t5d] plants are usually s[n 9 pots or pans & plac$ on a mod]ate hot-b$ or 9 a propagat+ h\se e>ly 9 spr+1 & 9 ?is case ! plants h gre5h\se cultivation until ! "t arrives = h>d5+ !m (f prep>atory to f9al plant+4 ,b se$s ( _m h>dy fl[]s may be treat$ 9 ! same way1 :5 a long season ( gr[? is necess>y = _! developm5t4 ,?us ,phloxes1 ,v]b5as1 & ,hollyhocks1 plants t diff] imm5sely 9 habit & con/itution1 may all be s[n 9 ,febru>y1 & put side by side 9 ! same w>m pit or v9]y1 or ev5 9 ! w>me/ corn] ( any gre5h\se1 & ! v same treatm5t w suit !m equally well4 ,! soil %\ld be pr9cipally loam & s&1 ) a little old ?or\ghly well-rott$ manure f a hot-b$ or compo/ heap2 & light1 air1 & moi/ure mu/ be regulat$ ) a view to insure a free & vigor\s gr[? f ! fir/1 ) ! lea/ possible am\nt ( artificial heat4 ,9 "s cases1 h[ev]1 ! s[+ %\ld be def]r$ to ,m>* or ,april1 & ! result w be f> m satisfactory ?an ! gr[? made "u ! /imulus ( artificial heat e>li] 9 ! season4 ,b 9 e case ! plants mu/ h suffici5t "t2 = al?\gh ! rapid sy/em has be5 develop$1 ! con/itution ( ! plants rema9s un*ang$1 & ^? :i* h h]et(ore be5 class$ z bi5nials & p]5nials ne$ a long season :5 treat$ z annuals4 ,a consid]able proportion ( ! f9e/ fl[]s may be rais$ f se$ by ! aid ( a frame & a little c>eful managem5t4 ,we w take z an example a v re/rict$ g>d54 ,"h is a small frame & "s packets ( se$1 & ! mon? ( ,febru>y or ,m>* has arriv$4 ,! pans & pots are made ready ) sweet s&y compo/1 & ! se$s are s[n & labell$1 & ! pans & pots are pack$ toge!r 9 ! frame on a b$ ( clean coal a%es1 or "s slates1 or tiles1 or bricks laid on ! soil1 to promote w>m? & cleanl9ess & to prev5t ! intrusion ( worms among ! se$s4 ,by simple managem5t almo/ z quick a gr[? ( se$s c be insur$ 9 ?is frame z ) ! aid ( a hot-b$1 & ! secret consi/s 9 c>eful /orage ( ! heat ( ! sun4 ,lay ov] ! se$-pans %eets ( glass to prev5t evaporation1 & let ! sun %9e full ^u !m4 ,be c>eful z to moi/ure3 !y mu/ nev] be wet1 nev] dry1 & ! wat] mu/ n be slopp$ ab\t c>elessly4 ,x is a good rule to imm]se ! pots or pans 9 a vessel conta9+ s(t wat]1 slightly tepid4 ,:5 ! se$l+s beg9 to appe>1 give a little air & lay %eets ( pap] t5d]ly ov] !m dur+ ! h\r or two at midday :5 ! sun may be %9+ brightly4 ,b keep !m f ! fir/ z #8h>d' z possible ) pl5ty ( light & air1 always tak+ c>e t !y are nei!r roa/$1 nor bl[n away by ! cruel ea/ w9d1 nor nipp$ at night by a kill+ fro/4 ,a few old mats or light lopp+s ( trees laid ov] ! frame f sund[n to sunrise w be suffici5t protection at ^? try+ times2 & :5 spr+ fro/s are mak+ havoc ) ! t5d] spr\t+ leaf & bloom 9 e "p ( ! g>d5 ^? little ?+s w be safe "u _! glass cov]1 & slight exp]i5ce w %[ t a common frame may become a m9iature hot-h\se 9 ! h&s ( "o :o has le>n$ to make failure ! /epp+-/one to success4 ,we mu/ n omit to m5tion t ! own] ( su* a g>d51 or1 inde$1 ( any g>d51 w be prud5t to take advantage ( ! fir/ f9e wea!r to s[ 9 ! op5 gr\nd :atev] fl[] or vegetable se$s %\ld be s[n at t season4 ,! frame g>d5 c be res]v$1 if ne$ful1 = wet wea!r1 because x is ( ! utmo/ importance to s[ a good bread? ( se$s 9 ! op5 gr\nd z e>ly z possible 9 ! mon? ( ,m>*4 ,turn+ f ?is small example to ! great g>d51 x w be obvi\s t to ^? :o always h heavy "w on h& ! advantages ( ?is transf]5ce1 ( lab\r f ! old sy/em to ! new are imm5se4 ,bo? to employ]s & g>d5]s ! advantages are ( importance2 ! propagation ( b$d]s by cutt+s1 & ( flori/s' fl[]s by suck]s & divisions & lay]s & pip+s1 w n1 ( c\rse1 be completely aboli%$2 b = all ord9>y purposes ! ends 9 view may be accompli%$ m simply1 m exp$iti\sly1 & m *eaply ?an h]et(ore4 ,! pits hi!rto appropriat$ to b$d]s1 & ! l1 may to a great ext5t be lib]at$1 & !re w be no difficulty 9 f9d+ = !m m pr(itable occupants4 ,:ile ,mu%rooms & e>ly ,potatoes & w9t] salads are 9 reque/1 x w be a ga9 to _m a g>d5 to h r$uc$ ! summ] display ( fl[]s to a simple sy/em ( se$-s[+1 at an exp5se t may be describ$ z m]ely nom9al4 ,be=e deal+ specifically ) c]ta9 fl[]s1 x may be advisable to say a few words g5]ally conc]n+ ! culture ( ,annuals--,h>dy1 ,half-h>dy1 & ,t5d]--& also on h>dy ,bi5nials & ,p]5nials4 ,annuals4--,al?\gh ! mo/ popul> k9ds ( annuals are l>gely employ$ 9 ! embelli%m5t ( fl[] g>d5s1 !y are adapt$ = _m uses to :i* !y may ) advantage be m frequ5tly appli$4 ,a few misconceptions prevail z to ! relative m]its ( ?is class ( plants4 ,by "s !y are reg>d$ z #8we$y' & #8%ort-liv$4' ,_! v *eapness1 & ! relatively small am\nt ( skill requir$ 9 _! cultivation1 t5d 9 "s degree to detract f _! value 9 public e/imation4 ,we w n be s ra% z to say t a m ext5d$ use ( annuals w\ld r5d] unnecess>y ! cultivation ( :at are especially kn[n z #8b$d+ plants'2 b !re is some?+ to be said on behalf ( annuals t may be wor? ! consid]ation ( all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! developm5t ( fre%ness1 v>iety1 & ri*ness ( col\r 9 ! fl[] g>d54 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ^! plants come into fl[] )9 a comp>atively %ort p]iod ( "t f ! s[+ ( ! se$1 & x is a matt] ( consid]able importance t a l>ge proportion ( ! be/ cont9ue beautiful until ! v close ( ! season4 ,sometimes 9 ! autumn ,g]aniums become lit]ally wa%$ out1 :ile ,tom ,?umb ,na/urtiums may be ablaze ) col\r1 & cont9ue s :5 ! ,g]aniums are h\s$ = ! w9t]4 ,a l>ge numb] ( %[y & long-la/+ annuals are adapt$ = employm5t 9 b$d+1 & by a little managem5t ^? t d n la/ ! season out may be replac$ by o!rs = succession2 ?us af=d+ ! advantage ( increas$ v>iety1 & mak+ no dem& = glass & fuel to keep !m ?r\gh ! w9t] z d ! ord9>y b$d]s4 ,we h _h great & glori\s %eets ( ,c&ytufts1 sn[-:ite1 ri* crimson1 & bright c>m9e2 & :5 !y began to wane !y 7 remov$1 & ! gr\nd plant$ ) ,a/]s1 & v soon !re 0 ano!r display1 s fre% & bright & v>i\s t no gre5h\se b$d]s c\ld surpass !m4 ,great hungry banks1 t w\ld h swall[$ _m p\nds' wor? ( gre5h\se plants to cov] !m1 h be5 made delightfully gay at a v trifl+ co/ by s[+ ^u !m ,tropolums1 ,tom ,?umb ,na/urtiums1 ,b>tonia aurea1 ! dw>f v>ieties ( ,lup9us1 ,virg9ian ,/ock1 ,coll9sia bicolor1 ,convolvuluses1 ,c&ytufts1 ,es*s*oltzias1 ,poppies1 & ,cl>kias2 & damp1 half-%ady bord]s h be5 delicately tessellat$ by means ( ,=get-me-nots1 ,v5us' ,look+-glass1 ,pansies1 ! ,rosy ,oxalis1 ,nemophilas1 ,godetias1 ,sil5es1 ,coreopsis1 & ,scabi\s4 ,= ! m important positions 9 ! fl[] g>d5 we h *oice ( _m really sumptu\s subjects1 su* z ,/ocks1 ,a/]s1 ,balsams1 ,drummond's ,phlox1 ,lobelias1 ! lovely new v>ieties ( ,antirrh9ums1 ,dian?us1 ,portulacas1 ,z9nias1 tall ,/ock-fl[]$ ,l>kspurs1 ,nemesias1 & _m o!r fl[]s equally beautiful & la/+4 ,we d n hope by ^! brief rem>ks to *ange ! prevail+ fa%ion--inde$1 we h no p>ticul> wi% t way--b we feel b\nd to obs]ve t x is suffici5t = ! beauty ( ! g>d5 t ! gre5h\se b$d]s %\ld be conf9$ to ! p>t]re prop]4 ,x is wa/e ( space & opportunity to place !m 9 ! bord]s ev]y:]e1 z is too commonly done4 ,9 sunny bord]s1 annual & p]5nial h]bace\s plants are f> m appropriate4 ,"s "t s9ce1 :ile walk+ ov] a l>ge g>d51 we left ! ri* col\r+ ( ! geometric b$s to discov] :at %\ld make ! wondr\s gl[ ( crimson on a bord] f> away2 & to our surprise x prov$ to be a clump ( ! ,indian ,p9k1 :i* _h be5 s[n z an annual ) o!r annuals1 & 0 !re %9+ 9 ! mid/ ( a con/ellation ( ! lovelie/ fl[]s ( all =ms & hues1 ! result simply ( s[+ a few packets ( se$4 ,no "o c despise ! ,wallfl[] 9 ! spr+1 & ! heav5ly-blue fl[]s ( ,nemophila insignis 9 e>ly summ] w tempt _m a "o to walk 9 ! g>d5 :o w\ld c>e little = %eets ( sc>let & yell[ t 9 full sun%9e make ! eyes a*e to look ^u !m4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 too1 t among annuals are f\nd _m mo/ ri*ly-sc5t$ fl[]s2 o!rs1 l ! ev]la/+s & ! grasses1 are valuable to dry = w9t] use = employm5t 9 b\quets1 & g>l&s 9 ,*ri/mas decorations2 & ! ,sweet ,peas1 & ,tropolum can>i5se1 & climb+ ,convolvulus may be employ$ to cov] arb\rs & trellises ) ! be/ effect possible1 & may ev5 be all[$ to hang 9 fe/oons ab\t ! sunny p>ts ( rock]ies1 or trail ov] ! gr\nd to make g5u9e b$d+ effects4 ,ano!r important matt] mu/ h m5tion "h1 & we comm5d x to ! consid]ation ( g>d5]s :o are sev]ely tax$ to secure ext5sive displays ( fl[]s dur+ ! summ] season4 ,x is t a numb] ( plants ( highly ornam5tal "*1 usually treat$ z p]5nials1 are really m effective1 besides occasion+ less lab\r to produce !m1 :5 cultivat$ z annuals4 ,! ,dian?us & its sev]al spl5did v>ieties d bett] z annuals ?an bi5nials4 ,= all ! ord9>y purposes ( display1 ,lobelias may be z well gr[n f se$ z f cutt+s1 & 9 e g>d5 w be f\nd pro( ( ! small am\nt ( c>e !y require2 = we f9d /ray1 self-s[n plants 9 pots ( ,g]aniums & o!r places1 & ^!1 if left alone1 become p]fect bu%es1 & are a mass ( fl[]s all ! summ]4 ,_m annuals commonly reput$ to be t5d] & usually rais$ 9 heat d v well inde$ on a m r\gh & ready me?od4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 s[ ,p]illa nank95sis 9 ! fir/ week ( ,may :]e x is requir$1 & 9 ! mon? ( ,july y w probably be conv9c$ t ,p]illa does n always ne$ c>eful nurs+ 9 heat$ h\ses ?r\gh ! spr+4 ,ev5 ! really t5d] ,ca/or-oil ,plant w ?rive if s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd ! fir/ week 9 ,may4 ,hav+ no *eck1 z plants put out f pots mu/ h1 ! gr[? w be regul> & /urdy1 & atta9 magnific5t dim5sions4 ,p]haps ! mo/ effective way ( gr[+ annuals is to arrange !m 9 h>moni\s bl5d+s or contra/s ( col\r4 ,! wide *oice ( v>ieties available admits ( an almo/ endless numb] ( comb9ations1 & ! foll[+ tables1 classifi$ accord+ to col\r1 w no d\bt af=d "s s]viceable sugge/ions1 al?\gh ^! by no means exhau/ ! li/4 ,! height is indicat$ 9 feet & ,climb]s z #8,cl4' ,,:ite1 ,,& ,,cream ,,%ades4 ,,tall4 ,*rysan!mum coron>ium1 ,pr9cess ,may #c ,*rysan!mum coron>ium1 ,d\ble :ite #c ,cornfl[]1 ,:ite #c ,heli*rysum1 ,silv] ,globe #c ,l>kspur1 ,/ock-fl[]$1 ,:ite #c ,lavat]a alba spl5d5s #c ,poppy1 ,giant ,d\ble1 ,:ite #c ,poppy ,giant ,s+le1 ,:ite #c ,scabi\s1 ,sn[ball #c ,*rysan!mum c>9atum album #b-a_/b ,*rysan!mum ,dunnetti1 ,d\ble :ite #b-a_/b ,na/urtium1 ,tall1 ,pe>l ,cl4 ,,m$ium4 ,cl>kia elegans1 ,sn[ball #b ,lup9us ,h>twegii1 ,:ite #b ,malope1 ,:ite #b ,poppy1 ,:ite ,swan #b ,%irley1 ,d\ble ,:ite #b ,cal5dula pluvialis #a-a_/b ,*rysan!mum inodorum pl5issimum ,cl>kia1 ,d\ble ,:ite #a-a_/b ,gilia nivalis #a-a_/b ,gypsophila elegans #a-a_/b ,hawkwe$1 ,:ite #a-a_/b ,hawkwe$ ,silv] #a-a_/b ,jacobea1 ,d\ble1 ,:ite #a-a_/b ,sweet ,sultan1 ,giant ,:ite #a-a_/b ,*rysan!mum coron>ium1 ,dw>f d\ble :ite #a-a_/d ,,dw>f4 ,acrocl9ium1 ,s+le ,:ite #a ,c&ytuft1 ,improv$ ,:ite ,spiral #a ,cl>kia1 ,dw>f :ite #a ,cl>kia ,d\ble dw>f :ite #a ,convolvulus m9or1 ,:ite #a ,es*s*oltzia crocea alba #a ,godetia1 ,du*ess ( ,albany #a ,layia elegans alba #a ,l9>ia1 ,sn[-:ite #a ,na/urtium1 ,dw>f1 ,pe>l #a ,platy/emon cali=nicus #a ,visc>ia1 ,pure ,:ite #a ,alyssum1 ,sweet #c_/d ,*rysan!mum inodorum pl5is-simum1 ,bridal ,robe #c_/d ,coll9sia c&idissima #c_/d ,godetia1 ,dw>f ,:ite #c_/d ,swan ,riv] ,daisy1 ,:ite #c_/d ,swan ,riv] ,daisy ,/> ,:ite #c_/d ,v5us' ,look+-glass1 ,:ite #c_/d ,v5us' ,navel-wort #c_/d ,virg9ian ,/ock1 ,:ite #c_/d ,c&ytuft1 ,little ,pr9ce #a_/b ,nemophila insignis alba #a_/b ,alyssum m9imum #a_/c ,sil5e1 ,dw>f ,:ite #a_/c ,,yell[ ,,& ,,orange ,,%ades ,,tall4 ,sunfl[]1 ,giant ,yell[ #aj ,sunfl[] ,primrose ,p]fection #f ,sunfl[] ,m9iature #d ,sunfl[] ,/ella #d ,sunfl[] ,primrose ,/ella #d ,*rysan!mum coron>ium1 ,*rysan!mum ,d\ble yell[ #c ,*rysan!mum1 ,gold5 ,que5 #c ,coreopsis t9ctoria #c ,heli*rysum1 ,gold5 ,globe #c ,sunfl[]1 ,dw>f ,d\ble #c ,sunfl[] ,s+le ,dw>f #c ,*rysan!mum ,dunnettii1 ,*rysan!mum ,d\ble ,gold5 #b-a_/b ,m>igold1 ,african #b-a_/b ,na/urtium1 ,ivy-leav$ ,gold5 ,gem ,cl4 ,na/urtium1 ,tall1 ,yell[ ,cl4 ,,m$ium4 ,hibiscus africanus major #b ,b>tonia aurea #a-a_/b ,*rysan!mum1 ,/> v>ieties #a-a_/b ,coreopsis ,drummondii #a-a_/b ,coreopsis coronata #a-a_/b ,erysimum1 ,orange ,gem #a-a_/b ,hawkwe$1 ,yell[ #a-a_/b ,leptosyne ,/illmani #a-a_/b ,lup9us ,m5ziesii #a-a_/b ,sweet ,sultan1 ,yell[ #a-a_/b ,,dw>f4 ,cal5dula1 ,orange ,k+ #a ,cal5dula ,lemon ,que5 #a ,*eiran?us ,allionii #a ,*rysan!mum coron>ium1 ,*rysan!mum coron>ium1 ,dw>f d\ble yell[ #a ,dimorpho!ca aurantiaca #a ,es*s*oltzia cali=nica #a ,es*oltzia1 crocea #a ,es*oltzia1 crocea fl4 pl4 #a ,es*s*oltzia1 ,mikado #c_/d ,layia elegans #a ,lup9us1 ,dw>f yell[ #a ,na/urtium1 ,dw>f1 ,clo? ( ,gold #a ,na/urtium1 ,dw>f1 ,yell[ #a ,tagetes signata pumila #a ,tagetes ,m&>9 #c_/d ,l9>ia1 ,gold5 ,gem #c_/d ,m>igold1 ,m9iature orange #c_/d ,m>igold ,m9iature orange #c_/d ,es*s*oltzia1 ,m9iature ,primrose #a_/b ,limnan!s ,d\glasii #a_/b ,sanvitalia procumb5s1 ,s+le #a_/b ,sanvitalia ,d\ble #a_/b ,leptosiphon aureus #a_/d ,,blue1 ,,mauve1 ,,& ,,purple ,,%ades4 ,,tall4 ,cornfl[]1 ,blue #c ,l>kspur1 ,/ock-fl[]$1 ,blue #c ,l>kspur1 ,/ock-fl[]$1 ,pale ,mauve #c ,lup9us1 ,tall d>k blue #c ,poppy1 ,giant ,d\ble1 ,mauve #c ,scabi\s1 ,mauve #c ,,m$ium4 ,godetia1 ,d\ble ,mauve #b ,lup9us ,h>twegii1 ,azure ,blue #b ,poppy1 ,mauve ,que5 #b ,sweet ,sultan1 ,purple #b ,x]an!mum sup]bissimum #b ,x]an!mum imp]iale #b ,an*usa1 ,annual ,blue #a-a_/b ,gilia capitata #a-a_/b ,gilia tricol\r #a-a_/b ,jacobea1 ,d\ble1 ,purple #a-a_/b ,nigella1 ,miss ,jekyll #a-a_/b ,phacelia tanacetifolia #a-a_/b ,salvia1 ,blue ,be>d #a-a_/b ,sweet ,sultan1 ,giant ,delicate ,mauve #a-a_/b ,sweet ,sultan1 ,giant ,mauve #a-a_/b ,,dw>f4 ,asp]ula azurea setosa #a ,c&ytuft1 ,lilac #a ,convolvulus m9or1 ,d>k blue #a ,convolvulus ,sky-blue #a ,cornfl[]1 ,k+ ( ,blue ,bottles #a ,eutoca viscida #a ,l9>ia1 ,mauve #a ,lup9us1 ,dw>f ri* blue #a ,ma?iola bicornis #a ,phacelia conge/a #a ,visc>ia1 ,bright ,blue #a ,:itlavia glox9ioides #a ,cornfl[]1 ,victoria1 ,dw>f blue #c_/d ,leptosiphon &rosaceus #c_/d ,nigella1 ,d\ble dw>f #c_/d ,phacelia campanul>ia #c_/d ,swan ,riv] ,daisy1 ,blue #c_/d ,swan ,riv] ,daisy1 ,/> ,blue #c_/d ,campanula attica #a_/b ,nemophila insignis #a_/b ,,p9k ,,& ,,rose ,,%ades ,,tall4 ,cornfl[]1 ,p9k #c ,l>kspur1 ,/ock-fl[]$1 ,rosy ,sc>let #c ,lavat]a rosea spl5d5s #c ,lup9us mutabilis1 ,cream & ,p9k #c ,poppy1 ,giant ,d\ble1 ,*amois-rose #c ,scabi\s1 ,p9k #c ,na/urtium1 ,salmon ,que5 ,cl4 ,na/urtium1 ,rosy ,que5 ,cl4 ,,m$ium4 ,cl>kia elegans1 ,d\ble ,salmon #b ,cl>kia elegans1 ,d\ble ,delicate ,p9k #b ,godetia1 ,d\ble ,rose #b ,jacobea1 ,s+le1 ,bright ,rose #b ,poppy1 ,p9k ,gem #b ,poppy1 ,c>d9al1 ,salmon-p9k #b ,poppy1 ,%irley1 ,s+le ,rose-p9k #b ,poppy1 ,%irley1 ,d\ble ,p9k #b ,sapon>ia ,vacc>ia1 ,p9k #b ,cl>kia1 ,d\ble ,rose #a-a_/b ,hawkwe$1 ,p9k #a-a_/b ,jacobea1 ,d\ble1 ,rose #a-a_/b ,sil5e ,arm]ia1 ,rose #a-a_/b ,/atice ,suwor[i #a-a_/d ,,dw>f4 ,acrocl9ium1 ,d\ble rose #a ,acrol9ium1 ,s+le rose #a ,convolvulus m9or1 ,p9k #a ,es*s*oltzia1 ,frill$ ,p9k #a ,es*oltzia1 ,rosy ,que5 #a ,es*oltzia1 ,rose c>d9al #a ,gypsophila elegans1 ,delicate p9k #a ,lup9us1 ,dw>f delicate p9k #a ,na/urtium1 ,dw>f1 ,salmon ,p9k #a ,na/urtium1 ,dw>f1 cruleum roseum #a ,sil5e1 ,d\ble ,salmon ,p9k #a ,sil5e1 ,d\ble ,delicate ,p9k #a ,sil5e1 ,bonetti #a ,sil5e1 ,pseudo-,atocion #a ,/atice spicata #a ,visc>ia1 ,delicate ,p9k #a ,cornfl[]1 ,victoria1 ,dw>f rose #c_/d ,godetia1 ,dw>f ,p9k #c_/d ,godetia1 ,sat9-rose #c_/d ,abronia umbellata #a_/b ,c&ytuft1 ,dw>f ,p9k #a_/b ,sapon>ia calabrica #a_/b ,sil5e1 ,d\ble ,dw>f ,delicate ,p9k #a_/c ,sil5e1 ,d\ble ,dw>f ,brilliant ,rose #a_/c ,sil5e1 ,bonetti1 ,dw>f ,p9k #a_/c ,leptosiphon roseus #a_/d ,,crimson ,,& ,,sc>let ,,%ades1 includ+ ,c>m9e & ,ruby4 ,,tall4 ,coreopsis atrosangu9ea #c ,heli*rysum1 ,fireball #c ,poppy1 ,giant ,d\ble1 ,sc>let #c ,polygonum1 ,ruby ,gem #b-a_/b ,malope1 ,r$ #b ,na/urtium1 ,tall1 ,improv$ ,lucif] ,cl4 ,na/urtium1 ,tall1 ,black ,pr9ce ,cl4 ,,m$ium4 ,*rysan!mum atrococc9eum #b ,cl>kia elegans1 ,salmon sc>let #b ,cl>kia elegans1 ,firefly #b ,godetia1 ,d\ble ,crimson #b ,poppy1 ,c>d9al #b ,cacalia cocc9ea #a-a_/b ,coreopsis c>dam9igolia ,dw>f #a-a_/b ,,dw>f4 ,c&ytuft1 ,improv$ ,c>m9e #a ,c&ytuft1 ,d>k crimson #a ,c5tran?us macrosiphon #a ,godetia1 ,crimson ,k+ #a ,godetia1 ,sc>let ,que5 #a ,godetia1 ,lady ,albem>le #a ,l9um gr&ifiorum rubrum #a ,na/urtium1 ,dw>f1 ,sc>let ,que5 #a ,na/urtium1 ,dw>f1 ,k+ ,!odore #a ,naturtium1 ,k+ ( ,tom ,?umbs #a ,visc>ia c>d9alis #a ,collomia cocc9ea #c_/d ,coreopsis1 ,dw>f ,crimson #c_/d ,es*s*oltzia1 ,ruby ,k+ #c_/d ,godetia1 ,aft]gl[ #c_/d ,godetia1 ,lady ,albem>le1 dw>f #c_/d ,sapon>ia1 ,sc>let ,que5 #a_/b ,virg9ian ,/ock1 ,crimson ,k+ #a_/b ,visc>ia1 ,dw>f ,c>m9e #a_/b ,yet "o o!r me?od ( gr[+ annuals calls = special m5tion4 ,x is n fully recognis$ t a numb] ( subjects1 usually associat$ only ) b$s & bord]s1 may also be fl[]$ ) ! greate/ ease "u glass 9 w9t] & e>ly spr+4 ,^? :o h n hi!rto attempt$ ! culture ( annuals 9 ?is way w be delight$ ) ! *>m+ effects produc$4 ,among ! subjects mo/ suitable = ! purpose are ,alonsoa2 ! ,/> & ,dunnettii v>ieties ( ,annual ,*rysan!mum2 ,cl>kia elegans2 ,dimorpho!ca2 ,gypsophila elegans2 ,l9>ia2 ,nemesia ,suttoni2 ,nicotiana1 ,m9iature ,:ite & ,n4 aff9is2 ,phlox1 ,purity1 "o ( ! mo/ lovely pot plants = ! cons]vatory & ( especial value = decorative "w at ,ea/]2 ,salpiglossis2 & ! pretty blue1 ,c9]>ia-l1 ,swan ,riv] ,daisy4 ,f ! fact t ^! annuals are ( ! h>dy or half-h>dy types x w be readily und]/ood t no great am\nt ( heat is requir$ to br+ !m to maturity2 inde$1 ! m h>dy ! treatm5t ! bett] = _! well-do+4 ,se$ %\ld be s[n dur+ ,augu/ or ,septemb] 9 pots or pans plac$ 9 a cool frame1 ! se$l+s be+ prick$ (f into o!r pots z soon z !y h atta9$ a suitable size4 ,z cold] wea!r approa*es1 transf] to ! gre5h\se or cons]vatory1 & provid$ ! night temp]ature is n all[$ to fall bel[ #de all %\ld be well4 ,dur+ ! day give ! plants ! maximum ( air :5ev] wea!r p]mits4 ,h>dy ,annuals4--,! se$s %\ld be s[n on a c>efully prep>$ surface f :i* l>ge /ones h be5 remov$1 & ! clods mu/ be brok51 b ! soil %\ld n be made s smoo? z to become pa/y "u ra94 ,s[ ?9ly1 9 r[s spac$ to agree ) ! height ( ! plant1 cov] ) a v slight coat ( f9e dry e>?--! smalle/ se$s ne$+ b a m]e du/+ to cov] !m--&1 f ! fir/1 keep ! plants ?9n$ suffici5tly to prev5t ov]cr[d+4 ,spr+-s[n annuals are wor?y ( a bett] soil ?an !y usually h allott$ !m1 & also ( m c>eful treatm5t4 ,x is n wise to s[ e>li] ?an ,m>* or lat] ?an ! middle ( ,april4 ,9 ! aft]-culture ! mo/ important matt] is to keep ! clumps well ?9n$4 ,n only w ! bloom ( cr[d$ plants be comp>atively poor & brief1 b by e>ly & bold ?9n+ ! plants w become s robu/1 & cov] su* l>ge spaces ( gr\nd ) _! ample leafage & well-develop$ fl[]s1 z really to a/oni% p :o ?9k !y "k all ab\t annuals1 & :o may h v5tur$ aft] mu* ill-treatm5t to designate !m #8fugaci\s & we$y4' ,al?\gh ! s[+ ( h>dy annuals direct on to b$s & bord]s :]e ! plants are want$ is economical 9 lab\r & avoids ! *eck :i* transplant+ occasions1 ! practice ( rais+ annuals on specially prep>$ se$-b$s & prick+ out ! plants to bloom+ qu>t]s is sometimes foll[$4 ,! soil into :i* !y are transf]r$ = fl[]+ %\ld be deeply dug1 ?or\ghly brok5 up1 &1 if at all poor1 lib]ally manur$4 ,x is an excell5t plan also to s[ h>dy annuals outdoors 9 autumn1 b x is ne$less to say m on ?is subject "h1 z x is dealt ) fully at page #cac4 ,half-h>dy ,annuals4--,give ^! z long a p]iod ( gr[? z possible to insure a vigor\s plant be=e ! season ( fl[]+4 ,! be/ "t = s[+ is ,febru>y1 or ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*2 = al?\gh "s k9ds may ) advantage be s[n e>li]1 x is saf]1 z a rule1 to wait = sun%9e & full daylight1 s z to keep up a /eady & cont9u\s gr[?4 ,! soil = ! se$-pans %\ld be ri* & f9e4 ,good loam1 improv$ by ! addition ( ?or\ghly decay$ manure & leaf-m\ld1 ) suffici5t s& to r5d] ! texture por\s1 w suit all k9ds ( annuals t are s[n 9 pans "u glass4 ,s[ ! se$ ?9ly1 cov] v slightly1 & lay squ>es ( glass ov] to keep a uni=m degree ( moi/ure )\t ! necessity ( wat]+4 ,%\ld wat]+ become necess>y1 take c>e to avoid wa%+ ! se$s out4 ,if ! pans or pots are /ood 9 a vessel conta9+ sev]al in*es dep? ( wat] until suffici5t has be5 absorb$1 !re w be no occasion to p\r wat] on ! surface4 ,a g5tle heat is to be pref]r$2 :5 g]m9ation is too rapid x t5ds to ! production ( weak plants4 ,z soon z ! "y plants appe>1 remove ! glasses & place ! se$-pans 9 ! fulle/ light1 :]e air c be giv5 )\t dang] to !m4 ,a dry ea/ w9d bl[+ fi]cely ov] !m w prove a bla/ ( dea?4 ,if !y h no air at all1 !y w be puny1 rickety ?+s1 sc>cely wor? plant+ out4 ,*oice v>ieties %\ld be c>efully prick$ out into pans & pots z soon z l>ge en\gh2 ?is w promote a f9e1 /ocky gr[? & a spl5did developm5t ( fl[]s4 ,take c>e n to plant out until ! wea!r is fav\rable1 = any great *eck w undo all y\r "w1 & make />vel+s ( y\r nursl+s4 ,if y _c comm& heat = half-h>dy annuals1 s[ 9 ! fir/ week 9 ,april1 put ! pans 9 a frame fac+ s\?1 & ! se$s w soon gr[ & d well4 ,if t is too mu* tr\ble1 s[ 9 ! op5 bord] e>ly 9 ,may1 mak+ ! bord] ri* & friable1 t !y may h a good *ance f ! fir/4 ,t5d] ,annuals4--,^! require ! same g5]al treatm5t z advis$ = half-h>dy annuals4 ,b x is desirable to s[ 9 a /rong] heat ?an is necess>y = annuals t are to be plant$ out4 ,x is also requisite to be 9 good "t 9 prick+ out ! se$l+s1 = if !y get mu* drawn !y _c make robu/ pot plants4 ,a light1 ri*1 p]fectly sweet soil1 conta9+ a fair proportion ( %>p s&1 is necess>y to insure plants wor? hav+4 ,x is also important to get !m into sep>ate small pots z soon z possible1 & to %ift !m on to l>g] & l>g] pots1 until !y h suffici5t pot room = fl[]+1 aft] :i* %ift no m4 ,z soon z ^! pots are fill$ ) roots1 give v weak manure wat] con/antly until ! plants are 9 fl[]1 & !n discont9ue x1 us+ in/ead pure s(t wat] only4 ,h>dy ,bi5nials & ,p]5nials4--,^! are (t5 s[n 9 pans or boxes1 & are prick$ (f :5 l>ge en\gh into o!r pans or pots be=e !y are transf]r$ to b$s or bord]s4 ,! sy/em has c]ta9 advantages 9 insur+ safety f v]m9 & prop] att5tion1 = x is an un=tunate fact t too _m cultivators consid] x ne$less to ?9 or transplant s[+s made 9 b$s or bord]s4 ,! plants are frequ5tly all[$ to /ruggle = exi/5ce1 & ! result is feeble att5uat$ specim5s :i*1 ) trifl+ c>e & att5tion1 might h become robu/ & capable ( produc+ a b\ntiful bloom 9 _! season4 ,/ill1 x %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood t all ! h>dy bi5nials & p]5nials may be gr[n to p]fection by s[+ on a suitable se$-b$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 protect+ ! spot f m>aud]s ( all k9ds1 & by e>ly & fe>less ?9n+ or transplant+4 ,z a rule1 we advocate "o %ift be=e plac+ ! plants 9 f9al positions4 ,,abutilon ,half-h>dy gre5h\se p]5nial ,h&some plants1 two feet or m 9 height1 c be produc$ f se$ & fl[]$ 9 a s+le season4 ,!y are useful = tra9+ to gre5h\se walls1 & !y may also be transf]r$ to op5 bord]s = ! summ]4 ,:5 employ$ = ! latt] purpose1 ! plants %\ld be lift$ & put into pots ab\t ! end ( ,augu/1 aft] !re has be5 a p5etrat+ %[]4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ra9 a soak+ ( wat] on ! previ\s day w prev5t ! soil f fall+ away f ! roots4 ,febru>y & ,m>* are ! "r mon?s = s[+ se$1 & = ! pots any fairly light compo/ w answ]4 ,prick (f ! se$l+s :5 ab\t an in* high1 putt+ ! plants 9 d[n to ! se$-leaves4 ,!y mu/ nev] be all[$ to suff] = want ( wat]1 nor %\ld !y be />v$ 9 small pots4 ,! gr[? _h bett] n be hurri$ at any /age2 ! plants w !n develop into %apely specim5s ) v little c>e4 ,,a*im5es ,gre5h\se or /ove p]5nials ,al?\gh ,a*im5es c be propagat$ by division ( ! tub]s1 ! simpl] me?od ( rais+ a supply f se$ has become a common practice4 ,dur+ ,m>* or ,april s[ 9 pots or pans1 & :ile q small transf] ! se$l+s to sep>ate pots4 ,x is important to insure free dra9age1 especially z frequ5t wat]+ is a necessity :ile ! plants are 9 active gr[?4 ,a*im5es are g5]ally kept 9 a high temp]ature2 b !y d n really ne$ s mu* heat z ,glox9ias1 & 9 a w>m gre5h\se !y c be fl[]$ )\t ! lea/ difficulty4 ,?is is "o ( ! f9e/ subjects = gr[+ 9 hang+-baskets4 ,,alonsoa ,^! popul> half-h>dy fl[]s are n only valuable = a summ] display 9 bord]s1 b !y make *>m+ subjects = ! cons]vatory 9 ! spr+ mon?s4 ,= bloom+ outdoors se$ may be s[n 9 pans 9 ,m>* & ! plants treat$ 9 ! mann] usual = half-h>dy annuals1 or a s[+ c be made 9 ! op5 t[>ds ! end ( ,april4 ,plants = fl[]+ indoors 9 ,april & ,may %\ld be rais$ f se$ s[n 9 ! prec$+ ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,gr[ on ! se$l+s /eadily 9 pots1 b d n =ce !m 9 any way4 ,9 fact1 ! treatm5t %\ld be z ne>ly h>dy z possible1 a night temp]ature ( #de be+ g5]ally suffici5t to c>ry !m ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,,am>yllis ,hippea/rum ,! majority ( ! nam$ v>ieties are exp5sive1 & a v consid]able sav+ is effect$ by rais+ plants f se$4 ,?anks to ! skill ( ! hybridis]1 ! se$l+s n only comp>e fav\rably ) fl[]s gr[n f co/ly bulbs1 b !y h be5 successful 9 w9n+ c]tificates & aw>ds ( m]it4 ,! g]m9ation is s irregul> t x is well to put only "o se$ 9 ea* small pot4 ,! mo/ suitable soil is a mixture ( two p>ts loam & "o ( leaf-m\ld1 ) suffici5t co>se grit to insure free dra9age4 ,! prop] temp]ature is ab\t #fe4 ,aft] ! se$l+s are e/abli%$ foll[ ! treatm5t advis$ on page #cdj4 ,,anemone ,! ,w9dfl[]4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,! discov]y t x is easy to fl[] ! popul> ,/4 ,brigid & simil> ,anemones f se$ 9 ab\t sev5 mon?s f ! date ( s[+ has giv5 a great impetus to ! culture ( ?is plant1 especially z x possesses a high value = decorat+ vases1 9 addition to its usefulness 9 b$s & bord]s4 ,f se$ s[n 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* ! plants %\ld beg9 to bloom 9 ,septemb] or ,octob] ( ! same ye>1 & cont9ue to fl[] until ! foll[+ ,june1 :5 x is unpr(itable to reta9 !m long]4 ,no coddl+ ( any k9d is necess>y4 ,dig a tr5* 9 a %elt]$1 sunny spot1 & fill x ) ri* soil freely m+l$ ) decay$ c[-manure4 ,if ! l& happ5s to be some:at t5aci\s1 ,anemones w take k9dly to x1 b x %\ld be well work$1 & x may be ne$ful to add a little f9e s&y compo/ at ! top z a prep>ation = ! se$4 ,! woolly se$ %\ld be rubb$ ) s&1 & ! two may be s[n toge!r ?9ly 9 l9es4 ,z a f9i% ! gr\nd %\ld be lightly beat5 ) ! back ( a spade4 ,g]m9ation is decid$ly sl[1 s t until ! se$l+s appe> ! removal ( we$s requires c>e4 ,! plants %\ld be ?9n$ until !y /& six in*es ap>t4 ,se$ may also be s[n 9 ,june or ,july = plants to fl[] 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 & ! results w probably be ev5 m satisfactory ?an f ! spr+ s[+4 ,,antirrh9um ,snapdragon4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,9 bygone ye>s ,antirrh9ums 7 seldom se5 beyond ! limits ( old-fa%ion$ cottage g>d5s4 ,b ev5 !n ! ,snapdragon 0 a popul> fl[]1 & x 0 g5]ally p]petuat$ by subdivision ( ! plants4 ,n[1 9 common ) a l>ge numb] ( p]5nials & bi5nials1 ! ,antirrh9um is almo/ exclusively gr[n f se$4 ,?is alt]$ me?od ( culture has result$ 9 a m>k$ advance 9 ! size & col\r ( ! spikes ( bloom1 & has also increas$ ! vig\r & florif]\s "* ( ! plants4 ,9 ! process ( rais+1 select+ & re-select+ ! /ocks1 exp]ts h f\nd x possible to develop ?ree di/9ct classes--,tall1 ,int]m$iate1 & ,dw>f--s t ! value ( ! plant z an ornam5t 9 ! g>d5 has be5 advanc$ beyond ! dreams ( a =m] g5]ation ( g>d5]s4 ,! ,tall v>ieties atta9 a height ( ab\t ?ree feet2 ! ,int]m$iates g5]ally range betwe5 twelve & eighte5 in*es1 & ! ,dw>f or ,tom ,?umb section seldom exce$s six in*es4 ,all ?ree classes h a di/9ct value = diff]5t positions 9 ! g>d54 ,antirrh9ums are n fa/idi\s z to soil & may be reli$ on to give satisfaction 9 almo/ any spot *os5 = !m4 ,/ill1 x mu/ be admitt$ t !y are conspicu\sly successful on dry soils & 9 sunny positions4 ,?is w acc\nt = ! surpris+ displays occasionally se5 on old walls & 9 l>ge wild rock]ies1 :]e !y are p]fectly at home1 app>5tly indiff]5t to ! />v+ conditions 9 :i* _! lot is ca/4 ,! fact t ! plant possesses su* /urdy indep5d5ce ( "* greatly enhances its value & usefulness4 ,no?+ m h&some c be imag9$ 9 a bord] ?an ! gigantic spikes ( ! ,tall v>ieties1 & !y make a magnific5t decoration = vases at a season :5 fl[]s suitable = cutt+ are mu* ne$$4 ,! ,int]m$iate ,antirrh9ums1 l ! ,tall class1 comb9e advantages = bo? b$d+ purposes & = cutt+1 p]haps 9 a /ill great] degree4 ,! v>ieties are s num]\s & *>m+ t an en?usia/ has sugge/$ ! desirability ( devot+ a g>d5 to ,antirrh9ums alone4 ,al?\gh ! ,tom ,?umb section is also frequ5tly employ$ = b$d+1 ^! dw>f-gr[+ v>ieties are bett] adapt$ = ribbon bord]s1 or z an edg+ to c>riage drives4 ,antirrh9ums may be gr[n z half-h>dy annuals or z p]5nials1 b ! =m] is ! simple/ c\rse = obta9+ plants = summ] b$d+4 ,s[ ! se$s 9 pans or boxes f ,janu>y to ,m>*1 & prick (f ! se$l+s z soon z l>ge en\gh to h&le4 ,gr[ on /eadily & gradually h>d5 (f 9 read9ess = plant+ out aft] ! ,wallfl[]s & o!r spr+ b$d]s h be5 remov$4 ,aft] fl[]+ x w save tr\ble to consign ! plants to ! wa/e heap & aga9 raise a suffici5t supply to fill _! places 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,:5 gr[n z p]5nials1 se$ %\ld be s[n 9 ,july or ,augu/4 ,leave ! plants 9 ! se$-b$ until ready = transf] to f9al positions4 ,^! w /& ! w9t] & come into fl[] e>li] ?an plants f spr+-s[n se$4 ,,aquilegia ,columb9e4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,s9ce ! introduction ( ! long-spurr$ hybrid v>ieties ! ,aquilegia has become exce$+ly popul>4 ,l ! ,na/urtium1 x is p>ticul>ly accommodat+ 9 "*1 & w ?rive on poor soil & amid surr\nd+s altoge!r uncong5ial to _m o!r subjects4 ,sev]al ( ! f9e v>ieties :i* h be5 rec5tly introduc$ are1 h[ev]1 wor?y ( a place 9 ! be/ ( bord]s4 ,s[ 9 ,febru>y or e>ly 9 ,m>* 9 a frame1 & plant out :5 /rong en\gh1 or s[ 9 ,june 9 an op5 bord]4 ,if ! season is fav\rable1 ^? s[n e>ly may bloom ! fir/ ye>2 ! rema9d] w fl[] 9 ! ye> foll[+4 ,,asp>agus ,gre5h\se foliage v>ieties4 ,half-h>dy p]5nials ,! f9ely lac9iat$ foliage ( ,a4 plumosus is greatly priz$ = b\quets1 & ! plant inv>iably comm&s att5tion z a decorative subject on ! table or 9 ! cons]vatory4 ,a4 decumb5s has long tremul\s bran*es ( elegant d>k gre5 foliage1 & ! plant is admirably adapt$ = hang+-baskets4 ,a4 ,spr5g]i is di/9ct f bo?1 b is also v ornam5tal 9 baskets4 ,s[ all ?ree v>ieties 9 pans dur+ ,febru>y or ,m>*1 9 heat2 prick (f ! se$l+s imm$iately !y are l>ge en\gh to h&le1 & gr[ on 9 g5tle heat until ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 :5 cool-h\se treatm5t w suit !m4 ,,a/] ,calli/ephus s95sis4 ,half-h>dy annual ,9 high summ] s _m fl[]s are available t no difficulty arises 9 mak+ a v>i$ display4 ,! real tr\ble is 9 disc>d+1 especially = a limit$ area4 ,b :5 summ] beg9s to m]ge into autumn ! *oice is n s ext5sive1 & among ! annuals :i* !n adorn ! g>d5 ,a/]s are indisp5sable4 ,?is sup]b fl[] has be5 develop$ into _m =ms1 & ea* class af=ds a wide range ( magnific5t col\rs4 ,yet x mu/ be admitt$ t 9 ! majority ( g>d5s ,a/]s are seldom gr[n 9 suffici5t numb]s1 & x is n unusual to f9d ! fl[]s small 9 size & poor 9 col\r4 ,9 _m cases we believe ! reason to be t ! culture ( ,a/]s is (t5 comm5c$ too late4 ,prep>ations %\ld !re=e be made 9 good "t1 & ap>t f provid+ ! requisite numb] ( plants = fill+ b$s & bord]s1 & = supply+ cut blooms1 o!rs %\ld be rais$ = fl[]+ 9 pots4 ,= indoor decoration full use is r>ely ev] made ( ,a/]s1 al?\gh ! col\rs include _m delightful %ades :i* may be employ$ ) mo/ tell+ effect4 ,to secure a long-cont9u$ display ( bloom !re mu/ be sev]al s[+s1 & ! e>lie/ w ne$ ! aid ( artificial heat4 ,"o secret ( successful culture is to give no *eck to ! plant f its fir/ appe>ance until ! "t ( fl[]+2 & a suitable b$ mu/ be prep>$1 :e!r ! se$ be s[n on ! spot or plants are transf]r$ f o!r qu>t]s4 ,a/]s d n readily accommodate !mselves to viol5t alt]nations ( heat & cold1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! e>ly /age ( gr[?1 & !re=e ! mo/ %elt]$ position 9 ! g>d5 %\ld be *os5 = !m2 b avoid a h$ge or %rubb]y1 :]e /rong gr[+ trees rob ! soil ( its virtue4 ,beg9 ! prep>ation ( b$s dur+ ! previ\s autumn by deep digg+1 & incorporate a lib]al dress+ ( well-rott$ manure z ! "w proce$s4 ,on light & %all[ soils x w d m h>m ?an good to br+ ! raw subsoil to ! surface1 b ! subsoil may ) advantage be /irr$ & loos5$ by ! =k1 & if a little loamy clay c be work$ into x ! l& w be p]man5tly b5efit$4 ,a v /iff soil w1 h[ev]1 pres5t great] difficulties2 b if by free work+ x c be made suffici5tly friable1 ,a/]s w revel 9 x1 & produce fl[]s ( a size & col\r t w rew>d ! cultivator = all 8 tr\ble4 ,?r[ ! gr\nd up r\ghly 9 ,octob]4 ,! m x is expos$ to ! action ( w9d1 sn[ & fro/1 ! m ?or\ghly w ! w9t] dis9tegrate its p>ticles & r5d] x f]tile4 ,e>ly 9 spr+ give ano!r digg+1 & !n "w 9 a good supply ( decay$ manure1 toge!r ) grit1 *>coal1 wood a%es1 or o!r mat]ial t w help to r5d] ! soil ri* & free4 ,aim at induc+ ! roots to g d[n deep = supplies--!re w !n be a cool moi/ bottom ev5 9 dry wea!r1 & ^! conditions w d mu* t[>d ! production ( f9e /ocky plants capable ( c>ry+ an impos+ display ( fl[]s4 ,= s[+s f ! end ( ,m>* to ! middle ( ,april prep>e a compo/ consi/+ pr9cipally ( decay$ leaf-m\ld1 ) suffici5t loam to r5d] x firm1 & %>p s& to secure dra9age4 ,ei!r pots or se$-pans may be us$4 ,place ^! 9 a cool gre5h\se1 or 9 a ,cucumb] or ,melon pit1 or ev5 on a half-sp5t hot-b$4 ,s[ ?9ly2 a ?ick s[+ is v likely to damp (f4 ,j hide ! se$ ) f9ely sift$ soil1 & place %eets ( glass at ! top to prev5t rapid evaporation4 ,give no wat] unless ! soil becomes decid$ly dry1 & !n x is bett] to imm]se ! pot or pan = half an h\r ?an to apply wat] on ! surface4 ,:5 ! plants atta9 ! ?ird leaf !y c be prick$ (f into %all[ boxes or r\nd ! edges ( #c-a_/b in* pots4 ,f ^! !y ei!r may h ano!r %ift s+ly into small pots1 or may be transf]r$ direct to bloom+ qu>t]s4 ,a high temp]ature is n requisite at any /age ( gr[?1 inde$ x is di/9ctly injuri\s4 ,f #ee to #fe is ! extreme range1 & ! happy m$ium %\ld1 if possible1 be ma9ta9$4 ,give air on e suitable occasion1 & z ! "t = transf]r+ to ! op5 gr\nd approa*es1 endeav\r to approximate ne>ly to ! outside temp]ature4 ,! plants w !n sc>cely feel ! removal4 ,ano!r & simpl] proce$+ produces fairly good results1 & we describe x = ! b5efit ( ^? ^: res\rces may be small1 or :o d n c>e to adopt ! m tr\blesome me?od4 ,9 "s spot %ad$ f ! sun make a heap ( /able manure1 r l>g] ?an ! light to be plac$ ^u x4 ,level ! top1 & cov] ) f\r or five in*es ( ri* soil4 ,place a frame ^u x ) ! light a trifle op54 ,:5 ! !rmomet] indicates #fj1 draw drills at six in*es ap>t2 s[ ! se$1 & cov] ) a little sift$ soil4 ,! light _h bett] n be q clos$1 9 case ( a rise ( temp]ature4 ,z ! plants ?rive1 gradually give m air1 until1 9 ,april1 ! %[]s may be all[$ to fall directly ^u !m 9 ! daytime4 ,:5 ! ,a/]s are ab\t ?ree in*es high !y w be q ready = ! op5 gr\nd1 & a %[]y day is fav\rable to ! transf]4 ,aft] ! b$ has s]v$ its purpose1 ! manure w be 9 capital condition = enri*+ ! g>d54 ,9 ! ev5t ( !re be+ no frame to sp>e1 drive a /ake into ea* corn] ( ! b$4 ,connect ! tops ( ! /akes1 ab\t "o foot f ! surface ( ! b$1 ) f\r rods securely ti$1 & ^u ^! place o!r rods1 ov] & ar\nd :i* any protect+ mat]ial at comm& may be us$4 ,) ?is simple contrivance x is q possible to gr[ ,a/]s 9 a satisfactory mann]4 ,! f9e/ ,a/]s are frequ5tly gr[n 9 ! op5 air1 entirely )\t ! aid ( artificial heat1 & inde$ )\t any special horticultural appliances4 ,^? :o possess ! be/ possible res\rces w f9d additional advantage 9 resort+ also to ?is mode ( culture4 ,x gives ano!r /r+ to ! b[1 & prolongs ! season ( fl[]+4 ,= op5-air s[+s 9 ,april make ! soil level & f9e1 & ab\t ! middle ( t mon? draw drills ?ree in*es deep4 ,9 ^! place an in* ( f9ely prep>$ ri* soil1 & if x is l>gely mix$ ) vegetable a%es1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! drills %\ld be regulat$ by ! v>iety4 ,= tall-gr[+ ,a/]s twelve to fifte5 in*es betwe5 ! r[s w n be too mu*4 ,t5 in*es w suffice = ! dw>fs4 ,s[ ! se$ ?9ly & ev5ly1 & cov] c>efully ) f9e soil4 ,comm5ce e>ly to ?9 ! plants1 always leav+ ! /ronge/1 & arrange t !y f9ally /& at f eight to fifte5 in*es ap>t accord+ to ! sort4 ,keep ! gr\nd clean1 & be=e ! fl[]+ /age is rea*$ g5tly /ir ! surface1 b n deep en\gh to injure ! roots4 ,an occasional application ( weak manure wat] w be advantage\s1 b x mu/ n be all[$ to t\* ! foliage4 ,= tall v>ieties x may be ne$ful to provide support4 ,if s1 place a neat /ick on t side ( ! plant t[>ds :i* x leans1 z ?is takes ! /ra9 (f ! ty+ mat]ial1 & saves ! plant f be+ cut or half-/rangl$4 ,9 a dry season1 & especially on light soils1 !re mu/ be a b\ntiful supply ( s(t wat]1 alt]nat$ e few days ) ! manure wat] already allud$ to4 ,ev5+ is ! be/ "t to apply x4 ,= %[ purposes r m room is requir$ ?an we h /at$4 ,only ab\t five buds %\ld be matur$ by ea* plant1 & ^!1 ( c\rse1 ! f9e/4 ,to prep>e fl[]s = exhibition is 9 itself an art1 & ea* cultivator mu/ be guid$ by 8 own res\rces & exp]i5ce4 ,a/]s 9 pots make excell5t decorative subjects4 ,x is only necess>y to lift !m c>efully f ! bord]s ) balls ( e>? surr\nd+ ! roots1 & pot !m j be=e ! buds exp&1 or !y may be pott$ up :ile 9 full fl[] )\t flagg+4 ,! plants are liable to ! attacks ( aphis1 bo? gre5 & black4 ,:ile "u glass ! pe/s c be de/roy$ by fumigation2 b 9 ! op5 a solution ( "s good insecticide may be adm9i/]$ ) ! syr+e at int]vals ( ab\t ?ree days1 until a cle>ance is effect$4 ,o!r foes are ! v>i\s grubs :i* attack plants at ! coll>4 ,on ! fir/ sign ( fail+ vig\r1 g5tly remove ) a po9t$ /ick ! soil ar\nd ! plant1 & 9 do+ ?is avoid any ne$less di/urbance ( ! roots4 ,d n be satisfi$ until ! enemy is de/roy$4 ,,aubrietia ,h>dy p]5nial ,9 ! e>ly mon?s ( ! ye> few subjects 9 ! g>d5 pres5t s gay an appe>ance z ,aubrietias1 = ) ! fir/ approa* ( g5ial wea!r ! cu%ion-l plants bur/ into a mass ( delightful blossom4 ,= spr+ b$d+1 edg+s1 & ! rock g>d5 ,aubrietias are indisp5sable1 & !y make a p>ticul>ly effective %[ :5 gr[n 9 conjunction ) ,yell[ ,alyssum & ,:ite ,arabis4 ,aubrietias are easily gr[n f se$ s[n 9 ,may & ,june4 ,! plants are be/ rais$ 9 pans ( light ri* soil & may be put out 9 autumn :]e requir$ to fl[] 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,,auricula ,primula ,auricula4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,ke5 is ! en?usiasm ( ! ,auricula amateur4 ,! only compla9t we ev] he>d ab\t ! fl[] is t its mo/ devot$ admir] _c end[ x ) p]petual y\? & beauty4 ,x is well to be> 9 m9d t se$ f a wor?less /ra9 requires j z mu* att5tion z t :i* is sav$ ) all a flori/'s skill f prize fl[]s4 ,"s gr[]s advocate s[+ imm$iately ! se$ is ripe1 b ?is int5sifies ! irregul> g]m9ation t *>act]ises se$ ( all ! ,primula species4 ,ei!r ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 or ,april may be *os51 & we give pref]5ce to ! end ( ,febru>y4 ,use six-in* pots1 & z !re mu/ be no d\bt ab\t dra9age1 ne>ly half-fill ! pots ) crocks1 cov] ) a good lay] ( r\gh fibr\s loam m+l$ ) brok5 *>coal1 & on ! top a mixture ( loam1 decay$ leaves1 & %>p s&4 ,press ! soil firmly d[n2 s[ ?9ly & regul>ly1 putt+ ! se$s 9 ab\t half an in* ap>t2 j cov] !m ) f9e soil1 & place ! pots 9 a cool frame or gre5h\se1 ) %eets ( glass ov] to prev5t evaporation4 ,wat]+ 9 ! ord9>y way is apt to wa% out ! se$s1 & x is !re=e advisable to imm]se ! pots 9 a vessel conta9+ wat] until ! soil has become saturat$4 ,wait pati5tly = ! plants4 ,:5 !y %[ f\r or six leaves1 prick out into pans or boxes ab\t two in*es ap>t1 & be=e ! se$l+s t\* ea* o!r transf] to small pots4 ,! surface soil 9 ! pots may be lightly /irr$ occasionally to keep x free f moss4 ,! plants mu/ nev] be all[$ to g dry1 b z w9t] approa*es wat] %\ld be giv5 m sp>+ly1 & dur+ %>p fro/s x may be wise to )hold x entirely4 ,!re really is no ne$ ( artificial heat1 = ! ,auricula is a m\nta9e]1 & c endure bo? fro/ & sn[4 ,b we prize its beauty s highly t frames & gre5h\ses are prop]ly employ$ = protect+ x f w9d1 heavy ra91 soot1 du/1 & all ! unk9d assaults ( a l[l& atmosph]e1 to :i* x is unaccu/om$ 9 a natural /ate4 ,/ill1 ! plants %\ld be kept z ne>ly h>dy z possible4 ,! ,auricula is a sl[-gr[+ plant1 & al?\gh !re w probably be "s fl[]s f se$l+s 9 ! second ye>1 _! value mu/ n be judg$ until ! foll[+ season4 ,to ! tra9$ eye ( ! flori/ ! ,%[ ,auriculas take prec$5ce ov] ! ,alp9e section2 b = g5]al usefulness ! ,alp9es hold ! fir/ place4 ,!y may be fe>lessly put into ! op5 bord]1 & especially ! nor? bord]1 :]e1 ) sc>cely any c>e at all1 !y w endure ! w9t]1 & freely %[ _! lovely fl[]s 9 spr+4 ,,balsam ,impati5s ,balsam9a4 ,half-h>dy annual ,! old] me?ods ( gr[+ ,balsams prescrib$ a false sy/em1 compris+ disbudd+1 /opp+1 & o!r int]f]5ces ) ! natural gr[? ( ! plant4 ,! rule ( p9*+ back ! lead] to promote ! gr[? ( side %oots1 & remov+ ! fl[] buds to increase ! size ( ! plants1 0 altoge!r vici\s1 because ! natural gr[? is m elegant & effective4 ,! f9e/ fl[]s are produc$ on ! ma9 /em1 & ^! are completely sacrific$ by disbudd+4 ,x is desirable to make two or ?ree s[+s ( ,balsam1 say f ! middle ( ,m>* to ! middle ( ,may1 ! e>li] s[+s to be put on a sweet hot-b$1 al?\gh ,m>* s[+s w soon g]m9ate 9 a frame1 & ! ,may s[+ may be made 9 ! op5 gr\nd on a prep>$ b$4 ,! soil at e /age %\ld be ri* & light1 b n rank 9 any degree4 ,prick out ! plants f ! se$-pans directly ! fir/ r\gh leaves %[1 & soon aft] %ift !m aga9 to enc\rage a /\t dw>f habit4 ,a sunny position %\ld be *os5 = ! b$1 9 :i* !y may be plant$ out ab\t ! fir/ week ( ,june1 or e>li] if ! wea!r is p>ticul>ly fav\rable4 ,heat1 moi/ure1 & a /rong light fav\r a f9e bloom1 &1 !re=e1 wat] mu/ be giv5 :5ev] dry wea!r prevails = any l5g? ( "t4 ,if kept /urdy :ile "u glass1 !y w ne$ no support ( any k9d1 & al?\gh !y are peculi>ly fle%y 9 texture1 x is seldom !y are injur$1 ev5 by a gale4 ,:5 gr[n 9 pots ?r\gh\t1 ! *ief po9ts are to %ift !m (t5 9 ! e>ly /ages1 to promote free gr[? 9 e reasonable way1 & to cease %ift+ :5 !y are 9 pots suffici5tly l>ge to su/a9 ! /r5g? ( ! plants4 ,g5]ally speak+1 eight-in* pots w suffice = v f9e ,balsams1 b t5-in* pots may be us$ = plants f an e>ly s[+4 ,!y w probably n %[ a fl[]-bud :ile increas$ pot room is all[$ !m2 b z soon z _! roots t\* ! sides ( ! pots ! bloom w appe>4 ,x is occasionally ! practice to lift plants f b$s :5 pot ,balsams are want$4 ,?is me?od has ! advantage ( be+ ! lea/ tr\blesome1 & z ! plants ne$ n be lift$ until ! fl[]s %[1 fav\rite col\rs c be *os54 ,,begonia1 ,,tub]\s-,,root$ ,begonia hybrida4 ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable a*ievem5ts 9 mod]n horticulture is ! spl5did developm5t ( s+le & d\ble ,tub]\s-root$ ,begonias f ! plant z fir/ introduc$ f ! ,&es4 ,orig9ally ! fl[]s 7 small1 imp]fect 9 =m1 & defici5t 9 range ( col\r4 ,b exp]ts 7 quick 9 appreh5d+ ! capabilities ( ?is graceful plant1 & x prov$ to be unusually am5able to ! hybridis]'s ef=ts4 ,n[ ! l>ge symmetrical blossoms ( bo? s+le & d\ble fl[]s *all5ge att5tion = beauty ( =m & an almo/ endless v>iation ( t9ts peculi> to ! ,tub]\s-root$ ,begonia4 ,! plants are conspicu\s ornam5ts ( ! cons]vatory & gre5h\se = sev]al mon?s1 & exp]i5ce has prov$ t !y make unique b$d]s1 endur+ unfav\rable conditions ( wea!r :i* are fatal to _m ( ! old] b$d+ subjects4 ,f ! be/ /ra9s ( se$ x is easy1 ) a little pati5ce1 to raise a f9e /ock ( plants1 possess+ ! highe/ decorative qualities4 ,"u g5]\s treatm5t ! se$l+s f a ,janu>y or ,febru>y s[+ come into bloom dur+ ,july & ,augu/4 ,! se$ %\ld be s[n 9 well-dra9$ pots conta9+ a good compo/ at ! bottom1 ) f9e s&y loam on ! surface1 press$ d[n4 ,be=e s[+ spr9kle ! soil ) wat]1 & s[ ! se$ ev5ly1 b>ely cov]+ x ) f9e e>?4 ,a temp]ature ( ab\t #fe is suitable4 ,g]m9ation is bo? sl[ & irregul>1 & ! plants mu/ be prick$ (f into pans or small pots z fa/ z !y become l>ge en\gh to h&le4 ,?is process %\ld be foll[$ up s long z se$l+s appe> & require transf]r+4 ,!y may be %ift$ on z ! gr[? ( ! sev]al plants may require4 ,begonias ne$ m att5tion ) ref]5ce to an ev5 temp]ature dur+ ?is /age ?an at any o!r p]iod4 ,! m]its ( ,begonias z b$d+ plants are n[ recognis$ 9 _m g>d5s1 & !y des]ve to be /ill m widely gr[n4 ,x is wise to def] plant+ out until ,june4 ,9 ! op5 gr\nd !y produce abundant supplies ( fl[]s = cutt+ at ! end ( ,septemb] & e>ly 9 ,octob]1 :5 _m o!r fl[]s are ov]4 ,! plants %\ld be put out :5 !y %[ !mselves suffici5tly /rong1 & x is bett] to be guid$ by ! plants ?an by any fix$ date4 ,! b$s mu/ be freely enri*$ ) well-rott$ manure & decay$ vegetable matt]2 x c sc>cely be ov]done1 = ,begonias are gross fe$]s4 ,! e>lie/ plants to fl[] w (t5 be reta9$ 9 ! gre5h\se1 z !y foll[ 9 succession ! ,c9]>ias & ,calceol>ias4 ,^? t />t lat] may be turn$ out z !y come into bloom1 :i* w probably be 9 ,june4 ,by def]r+ ! plant+ out until !re is a %[ ( bloom a selection ( v>i\s %ades ( col\r is possible1 & ?is w greatly enhance ! beauty ( ! b$s4 ,begonias are h>di] ?an is g5]ally suppos$2 !y ne$ no protection1 & require no heat1 except 9 ! /age ( se$l+s1 :5 fir/ =m+ _! tub]s4 ,= autumn decoration ,begonias %\ld be tak5 up f ! b$s dur+ ,septemb] & pott$1 :5 !y w cont9ue to bloom 9 ! gre5h\se or cons]vatory = a consid]able "t1 & =m a useful addition to ! fl[]+ plants ( t p]iod4 ,if n requir$ = autumn decoration1 let ! plants rema9 out z long z may be safe2 !n pot (f1 & place 9 ! gre5h\se4 ,be c>eful n to ha/5 ! dry+ ( ! bulbs4 ,:5 ! /ems fall ,begonias may be /or$ = _! season ( re/1 all[+ !m to rema9 9 ! same pots4 ,!y c be put away 9 a dry cell>1 or on ! gr\nd1 cov]$ up ) s&1 9 any %$ or frame :]e ! bulbs w rema9 dry & be protect$ f fro/4 ,bo? damp & cold are v injuri\s to !m4 ,! temp]ature dur+ _! season ( re/ %\ld be kept z ne> #ej z possible4 ,:5 !y %[ signs ( gr[? 9 spr+ !y mu/ be put into small-siz$ pots1 almo/ on ! surface ( ! soil4 ,z gr[? increases %ift into l>g] sizes1 ins]t+ ! bulb a little deep] ea* "t until ! cr[n is cov]$4 ,,begonia1 ,,fibr\s-,r,o,o,t,e,dl ,begonia semp]flor5s4 ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,fibr\s-root$ ,begonias are exce$+ly valuable = ei!r b$d+ 9 summ] or gre5h\se decoration dur+ ! autumn & w9t]4 ,!y produce a cont9ual succession ( fl[]s1 r small 9 size1 b v useful = b\quets1 & ! plants are *>m+ z table ornam5ts4 ,! directions = s[+ & aft]-treatm5t recomm5d$ = ! ,tub]\s-root$ class w be suitable also = ! ,fibr\s-root$ v>ieties1 except t ! latt] mu/ always be kept 9 a gr[+ /ate1 in/ead ( be+ dri$ (f at ! end ( ! fl[]+ season4 ,s[ se$ at ! end ( ,janu>y or 9 ,febru>y1 & aga9 at ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*4 ,"u fair treatm5t ! fir/ bat* ( plants w come into fl[] = b$d+ out 9 ,june4 ,,calceol>ia1 ,,h]bace\s ,calceol>ia hybrida4 ,gre5h\se bi5nial ,! pres5t magnific5t race ( ,h]bace\s ,calceol>ias1 bo? z to con/itution & ! beauty ( its fl[]s1 is ! result ( mu* cross-f]tilisation ( ! f9e/ types1 s t ! be/ /ra9s are capable ( af=d+ ev]-new surprise & delight4 ,! sup]b collections exhibit$ 9 rec5t ye>s1 :i* h made la/+ impressions on ! public by _! =m & brilliancy ( col\r1 h inv>iably be5 rais$ f se$s ( select$ v>ieties1 sav$ on sci5tific pr9ciples t insure vig\r1 v>iety1 & spl5d\r 9 ! prog5y4 ,calceol>ias ?rive "u intellig5t cool-h\se culture1 b x mu/ be cle>ly und]/ood t 9 e /age ( gr[? !y are quick 9 res5t+ neglect or c>eless treatm5t4 ,! "w mu/ be c>ri$ out ) scrupul\s att5tion1 & ! result w m ?an ju/ify ! lab\r4 ,extreme conditions ( temp]ature are di/9ctly injuri\s1 & ! plants are especially susceptible to a p>*$1 dry atmosph]e4 ,may is e>ly en\gh to comm5ce op]ations1 & ,july is ! limit = s[+4 ,z a rule1 ! ,june s[+ w produce ! quicke/1 /ronge/1 & mo/ robu/ plants4 ,! soil1 :atev] its composition1 %\ld be ri*1 firm1 &1 above all1 por\s4 ,press x well into ! pots or pans1 & make ! surface slightly convex & q smoo?4 ,a compo/ t has be5 prop]ly prep>$ w n ne$ wat]2 b %\ld wat] become ne$ful1 x mu/ be giv5 by p>tially subm]g+ ! pans4 ,! se$ is z f9e z snuff1 & requires delicate h&l+4 ,x is easily lo/ or bl[n away1 & !re=e x is wise n to op5 ! packet until p]fectly ready to s[4 ,di/ribute ! se$ ev5ly & sift ov] x a m]e du/+ ( f9e e>?4 ,place a %eet ( glass ^u ea* pot or pan1 & ! glass mu/ be ei!r turn$ or wip$ daily4 ,?is n only *ecks rapid evaporation1 b prev5ts ! attacks ( v]m94 ,g]m9ation is always sl[] on an op5 ?an on a close /age4 ,p]haps ! be/ possible position is a moi/ %ady "p ( a v9]y1 if c>e be tak5 :5 syr++ ! v9es to prev5t ! spray f fall+ ^u ! se$-pans4 ,"u fav\rable circum/ances1 f sev5 to n9e days w suffice to br+ ! se$l+s up 9 =ce1 & v few w appe> aft]w>ds4 ,:5 !y are ?r\gh ! soil remove ! %eet ( glass1 & give !m prompt att5tion1 or !y w rapidly damp (f4 ,imm$iately ! second leaf appe>s1 t9y z ! plants may be & difficult to h&le1 comm5ce prick+ !m (f into o!r pots prep>$ to receive !m1 = x is unsafe to wait until !y become /rong4 ,all[ ab\t two in*es betwe5 ! plants4 ,! occupants ( ea* pan may g5]ally be prick$ (f 9 ab\t ?ree op]ations1 & !re %\ld be only ! %orte/ possible int]vals betwe54 ,) _m subjects x is a safe rule to use ! robu/ se$l+s & ?r[ ! weakly ones away4 ,?is practice w n d 9 ! case ( ,calceol>ias1 or "s ( ! mo/ *>m+ col\rs t c grace ! cons]vatory or gre5h\se w be lo/4 ,! /ronge/ se$l+s g5]ally produce fl[]s 9 :i* yell[ l>gely pr$om9ates1 a fact t c easily be v]ifi$ by keep+ ! plants "u diff]5t numb]s4 ,b x mu/ n be inf]r$ t because ! rema9d] are some:at weak] at ! outset !y w n ev5tually make robu/ plants4 ,freely mix silv] s& ) ! pott+ m\ld1 & raise ! surface high] 9 ! c5tre ?an at ! edge ( ! pot4 ,f ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! se$l+s %ad+ is ( ! utmo/ importance1 = ev5 a brief p]iod ( direct sun%9e w c]ta9ly prove de/ructive4 ,d n all[ ! plants to become dry = a mom5t1 b give frequ5t g5tle spr9kl+s ( wat]1 & ra9-wat] is pref]able4 ,z ! soil h>d5s1 /ir ! surface ) a po9t$ /ick1 n too deep1 & give wat] a few h\rs aft]4 ,ab\t a mon? ( ?is treatm5t %\ld f9d ea* plant 9 ! possession ( f\r or five leaves4 ,!n prep>e ?umb pots ) small crocks1 cov] ! crocks ) clean moss & fill ) ri* por\s soil4 ,to ^! transf] ! plants ) extreme c>e1 lift+ ea* "o ) z mu* soil adh]+ to ! roots z a skilful h& c make !m c>ry4 ,place !m 9 a frame1 or 9 ! %elt]$ "p ( a gre5h\se1 q free f dripp+ wat]4 ,always give air on suitable days1 & on ! leew>d side ( ! h\se4 ,keep a %>p look-out = aphis1 to ! attacks ( :i* ,calceol>ias are peculi>ly liable4 ,fumigation is ! be/ rem$y1 & x %\ld be und]tak5 9 ! ev5+2 a /ill atmosph]e r5d]s ! op]ation m c]ta94 ,wat] c>efully on ! foll[+ morn+1 & %ade f ! sun4 ,by ,septemb] ! plants %\ld be 9 l>ge #fj-pots1 & x is !n q "t to beg9 ! prep>ation = w9t]+4 ,"s gr[]s put !m 9 heat1 & are successful1 b ! heat mu/ be v mod]ate1 & ev5 !n we reg>d ! practice z dang]\s4 ,place ! plants ne> ! glass1 & at "o end ( ! h\se :]e !y w obta9 pl5ty ( side light1 z well z light f above4 ,dur+ sev]e fro/s x may be well to draw !m back or remove !m to a %elf l[] d[n & t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! h\se1 b !y mu/ be re/or$ z soon z possible to ! fulle/ light obta9able1 z !y h to d all _! gr[? "u glass4 ,! m air t c safely be giv51 ! bett]1 & disp5se ) fire-heat if a temp]ature ( #de to #ee c be ma9ta9$ )\t x4 ,:5 gr[? comm5ces 9 spr+1 :i* w g5]ally be e>ly 9 ,m>*1 give ea* plant its f9al %ift into eight-or t5-in* pots4 ,?is mu/ be done be=e ! buds pu% up1 or !re w be m foliage ?an fl[]s4 ,! foll[+ is ! compo/ we advise3 "o bu%el good yell[ loam1 half-bu%el leaf-soil1 "o gallon silv] s&1 a p\nd ( ,sutton's ,a #a ,g>d5 ,manure1 & a p9t ( soot1 well mix$ at lea/ t5 days be=e use4 ,any s\rness 9 ! soil w be fatal to fl[]+4 ,! compo/ mu/ be c>efully #8firm$' into ! pots1 b no sev]e pressure %\ld be employ$1 or ! roots w n run freely4 ,neglect z to temp]ature or humidity w h to be paid = 9 long jo9ts1 gre5 fly1 r$ spid]1 or 9 "s o!r way4 ,b !re are no plants ( high quality t gr[ m ?riftily if protect$ f cold w9ds & kept p]fectly clean4 ,a light airy gre5h\se is _! prop] place1 & !y mu/ h ample headroom4 ,aft] ! pots are fill$ ) roots1 n be=e1 manure wat] may be adm9i/]$ until ! fl[]-heads beg9 to %[ col\r1 :5 pure s(t wat] only %\ld be us$4 ,ab\t a =tnight 9 advance ( ! full display ! bran*es mu/ be ti$ to supports4 ,if skilfully manag$ ! supports w n be visible4 ,x may be t a few l>ge specim5s are requir$4 ,if s1 %ift ! mo/ promis+ plants into #f-size pots4 ,^! l>ge ,calceol>ias w ne$ regul> supplies ( liquid manure until ! bloom is well up1 & if ! pots are effici5tly dra9$ & ! plants 9 a ?riv+ condition1 a r /rong bev]age w suit !m4 ,= all ord9>y purposes1 h[ev]1 plants may be all[$ to fl[] 9 eight-or t5-in* pots1 & = ^! "o %ift aft] ! w9t] is suffici5t4 ,new ,types ( ,calceol>ia4--,!re are n[ available a numb] ( hybrid half-h>dy p]5nial v>ieties1 ( :i* ,c4 pr(usa 7,clibrani7 is ! mo/ popul>1 t be> ! same relation to ! ,l>ge-fl[]$ ,calceol>ia z ! ,/> ,c9]>ia does to ! ,flori/'s ,c9]>ia4 ,9 po9t ( size ! blooms produc$ by ^! new types are small] ?an ^? ( ! ,l>ge-fl[]$ section1 b ! tall graceful sprays are extremely beautiful & ( ! greate/ decorative value4 ,except t se$ %\ld be s[n e>li] 7,febru>y & ,m>* are ! prop] mon?s71 ! plants %\ld receive precisely ! same treatm5t z t already describ$ = ,h]bace\s ,calceol>ia4 ,,calceol>ia1 ,,%rubby ,calceol>ia rugosa4 ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,not)/&+ ! ease ) :i* cutt+s ( ! ,%rubby ,calceol>ia c be c>ri$ ?r\gh a sev]e w9t]1 !re is a gr[+ disposition to obta9 ! requir$ numb] ( plants f se$ s[n 9 ,febru>y2 & se$l+s h ! advantage ( great v>iety ( col\r4 ,a frame or gre5h\se1 & ! mo/ ord9>y treatm5t1 w suffice to insure a l>ge /ock ( attractive heal?y plants = ! embelli%m5t ( b$s & bord]s4 ,,campanula & ,,cant]bury ,,bell ,h>dy annual1 h>dy bi5nial1 & h>dy p]5nial ,among ! num]\s & div]se =ms 9 ! ord] ,campanulace are _m fl[]s ( great value 9 ! g>d51 includ+ ,s+le1 ,d\ble1 & ,cup & ,sauc] /ra9s ( ! popul> ,cant]bury ,bell 7,c4 m$ium74 ,! impression t "s ,campanulas are %y gr[]s & require exceptionally c>eful treatm5t may arise f ! frail habit ( c]ta9 v>ieties1 or f ! fact t "s ( !m occasionally fail to bloom )9 twelve mon?s f date ( s[+4 ,! idea is n wor? a mom5t's consid]ation4 ,9 mod]ately ri*1 well-dra9$ soil ! f9e/ ,campanulas n only prove to be ?or\ghly h>dy1 b !y are mo/ graceful 9 h]bace\s bord]s or b$s1 & !y may also be us$ alone 9 bold clumps ) spl5did effect4 ,= in/ance1 ! h&some ,*imney ,campanulas 7,c4 pyramidalis & ,c4 pyramidalis alba7 frequ5tly atta9 a height ( six feet or m1 & /urdy spikes occasionally measure eight & ev5 t5 feet f base to tip4 ,su* specim5s are magnific5t ornam5ts 9 cons]vatories & corridors1 & _c fail to arre/ att5tion at ! back ( h]bace\s bord]s1 or :5 us$ z isolat$ plants on lawns4 ,:5 gr[n 9 pots use a light ri* compo/1 tak+ c>e to insure p]fect dra9age4 ,! plants mu/ nev] be all[$ to become dry1 z ?is n only *ecks gr[? b r5d]s !m liable to attack by r$ spid] or gre5 fly4 ,ano!r di/9ctive subject = ! decoration ( ! cons]vatory is ,c4 gr&is1 :i* may be describ$ z a dw>f ,*imney ,campanula4 ,! freely bran*+ plants1 cov]$ ) attractive fl[]s1 also =m a /rik+ gr\p :5 gr[n 9 ! op5 bord]4 ,altoge!r diff]5t 9 "* is ,c4 p]sicifolia gr&iflora1 or ! ,pea*-leav$ ,bell-fl[] z x is sometimes call$4 ,?is plant is light] & m graceful ?an ! ,cant]bury ,bell4 ,x ?r[s up h&some /ems1 two feet high1 clo!d f ! gr\nd ) lance-l leaves & elegant bells :i* quiv] 9 ! slighte/ breeze4 ,an int]e/+ plant is ! ,giant ,h>ebell1 a da9ty fl[] on a sl5d] /em1 resembl+ ! wild v>iety 9 =m1 b l>g]1 ri*] 9 col\r1 & a m pr(use bloom]4 ,c4 glom]ata is "o ( ! h>die/ plants t c be gr[n 9 any g>d51 & ! l>ge close heads ( deep blue bells h long be5 famili> 9 h]bace\s bord]s4 ,= its v f9e gli/5+1 deep blue1 erect fl[]s1 ,c4 gr&iflora is also a great fav\rite4 ,campanulas 7 =m]ly propagat$ by division1 b ?is treatm5t has creat$ ! impression t !y are unwor?y to be rank$ among ! p]5nials4 ,f se$1 ! plants are extremely robu/4 ,c4 p]sicifolia gr&iflora res5ts division1 :i* frequ5tly results 9 weak5$ gr[? & a t5d5cy1 especially 9 poor or badly dra9$ soil1 to dw9dle away4 ,! only satisfactory me?od ( gr[+ ,campanulas is to raise plants annually f good /ra9s ( se$4 ,if s[n 9 g5tle heat e>ly 9 ! ye>--,febru>y is ! usual mon?--_m ( ! v>ieties fl[] ! same season4 ,:5 !y are well />t$1 pl5ty ( light & air mu/ be admitt$4 ,unless int5d$ = pott+ !y %\ld be plant$ out 9 good soil :]e !y w require no m c>e ?an is be/[$ on ! bord]s g5]ally4 ,se$ c also be s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd f ,may to ,july2 transplant 9 autumn = fl[]+ 9 ! foll[+ season4 ,dur+ hot wea!r1 p>ticul>ly on light soil1 ! plants ne$ to be well wat]$1 b 9 ret5tive gr\nd ?or\gh dra9age mu/ be insur$4 ,%\ld signs ( debility appe>1 transplant to ri* soil1 :]e !y w soon rega9 vig\r4 ,a popul> half-h>dy ,campanula is ,c4 fragilis1 ( trail+ habit4 ,! />ry pale blue fl[]s are se5 to mo/ advantage 9 hang+-baskets4 ,! *>m ( ^! fl[]s is :olly lo/ if !y are plac$ on a /age 9 ! gre5h\se2 & !y are n entirely satisfactory 9 a w9d[ :]e ! light is transmitt$ ?r\gh ! petals1 z ?is robs !m ( col\r & sub/ance4 ,b hang+ 9 a cons]vatory ) pl5ty ( air & space _! sl5d] droop+ /ems are v graceful1 & ! light reflect$ f ! fl[]s does full ju/ice to _! beauty4 ,s[ 9 pans dur+ ,febru>y or ,m>* & pot on z requir$4 ,all ! =ego+ are p]5nials1 b two little h>dy annual ,campanulas are ,attica & ,a4 alba1 gr[+ ab\t six in*es high4 ,!y make useful =egr\nd plants1 & are q at home 9 rock g>d5s4 ,s[ 9 ,april on light soil4 ,! ,cant]bury ,bell has already be5 allud$ to2 x is a *>m+ h>dy bi5nial =m+ a valuable feature ( ! mix$ bord]4 ,! l>ge semi-d\ble blooms ( ! ,cup & ,sauc] class & ! d\ble v>ieties are mod]n introductions :i* h become extremely popul>2 ! range ( col\rs n[ includes ! mo/ delicate %ades ( p9k1 mauve1 & blue1 9 addition to pure :ite4 ,se$ may be s[n f ,april to ,july4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are l>ge en\gh transplant !m :]e requir$ = fl[]+ 9 ! summ] ( ! succe$+ ye>4 ,b ,cant]bury ,bells are also int]e/+ 9 ! gre5h\se dur+ spr+2 = ?is "w pot !m 9 ,octob] & on to ,decemb]4 ,s treat$1 !y bloom ev5 m g5]\sly ?an 9 ! g>d54 ,!re c be no m beautiful adornm5t = a hall or l>ge draw+-room ?an a well-plac$ gr\p ( ! f9e :ite fl[]s1 back$ by a mass ( d>k-foliag$ plants4 ,,canna ,indian ,%ot4 ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,cannas h ceas$ to be reg>d$ simply z sub-tropical foliage plants1 adapt$ only = ! adornm5t ( b$s & bord]s4 ,!y h n lo/ _! m]its = ?is purpose1 al?\gh 9 all probability ! tall] =ms w be less gr[n ?an =m]ly1 because ! new dw>f v>ieties1 :i* ma9ta9 a high /&>d ( beauty 9 ! foliage1 include a div]sity ( ri* t9ts previ\sly unkn[n1 & !y possess ! additional m]it ( produc+ fl[]s t h lift$ ! race into prom95ce z brilliant decorative subjects = ! g>d5 & ! gre5h\se4 ,! popul> "n is descriptive ( ! se$1 :i* is almo/ sph]ical1 black1 & s h>d t x has be5 us$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies in/ead ( %ot4 ,h5ce x w occasion no surprise t ! g]ms bur/ ?r\gh ! /rong cov]+ ) difficulty1 & t sometimes weeks elapse be=e ! se$l+s appe>1 "o or two at a "t4 ,to facilitate g]m9ation "s gr[]s file ! se$1 o!rs soak x until ! sk9 becomes suffici5tly s(t to p]mit ( ! p>+ away ( a small portion ) a %>p knife4 ,9 ei!r case caution mu/ be ex]cis$ to avoid injur+ ! g]m4 ,a saf] mode ( atta9+ ! object is to soak ! se$s 9 wat]1 plac$ 9 a gre5h\se or /ove1 = ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e s[+4 ,aft] soak+ ! se$s x is necess>y to keep ! soil con/antly moi/1 or ! g]ms w c]ta9ly suff] injury4 ,! numb] ( se$s s[n %\ld be record$1 s t x may be kn[n :5 all are up4 ,! fir/ s[+ %\ld be made 9 ,janu>y1 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #ge1 & z fa/ z ! se$l+s become ready transf] s+ly to small pots4 ,z ,cannas are gross fe$]s !y mu/ h a ri*1 por\s compo/1 & an occasional dose ( liquid manure w prove b5eficial1 especially :5 ! pots are full ( roots4 ,if ! se$l+s f ! ,janu>y s[+ are regul>ly pott$ on & prop]ly manag$ !y w beg9 to fl[] 9 ,june or ,july4 ,ei!r ! plants may be turn$ out into a ri* soil1 or ! pots c be plung$1 & aft] fl[]+ 9 ! op5 until late 9 autumn ! plants c be lift$ = ano!r display ( bloom 9 ! gre5h\se4 ,9 w>m di/ricts & 9 dry1 %elt]$ situations1 ! roots may be left 9 ! op5 gr\nd all ! w9t] "u a cov]+ ( a%es2 b !y mu/ be lift$ f a damp1 cold soil1 & /or$ 9 a frame dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,we h only m5tion$ ,janu>y z ! mon? = s[+1 b se$ may be put 9 up to midsumm]1 or ev5 lat]1 foll[+ ! r\t9e already indicat$4 ,,c>nation ,dian?us ,c>yophyllus fl4 pl4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,! ,c>nation belongs to ! ari/ocracy ( fl[]s & has atta9$ ! dignity ( an exclusive exhibition4 ,b 9 addition to _! m]its z %[ fl[]s1 ,c>nations make conspicu\s ornam5ts 9 ! g>d5 & ! home1 & x has be5 f\nd t se$ sav$ ) skill f ! f9e/ v>ieties w produce plants yield+ hundr$s ( fl[]s ( :i* ! gr[] ne$ n feel a%am$4 ,s9ce ! introduction ( ! e>ly-fl[]+ class1 :i* c easily be _h 9 bloom )9 six mon?s f date ( s[+1 an imm5se impetus has be5 giv5 to ! culture ( ,c>nations f se$1 & ) judici\s managem5t x is n a difficult matt] to insure a succession ( ^! delightful subjects almo/ ! ye> ?r\gh4 ,= ! decoration ( gre5h\ses & = provid+ cut fl[]s1 se$l+ ,c>nations h a special value1 :i* has only to be kn[n to be univ]sally appreciat$4 ,no tr\ble %\ld be exp]i5c$ ) high-class se$s1 :i* g]m9ate freely & save mu* "t & lab\r 9 comp>ison ) ! m t$i\s process ( propagation2 :ile an occasional new break may at times rew>d ! rais]4 ,! prov]b t :at is wor? do+ is wor? do+ well is peculi>ly exemplifi$ 9 ! cultivation ( ,c>nations1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! results ( good & bad "w be+ imm5se4 ,we !re=e advise ! prep>ation ( a compo/ consi/+ ( ab\t ?ree p>ts ( turfy loam1 to "o "p ea* ( c[-manure & sweet leaf-m\ld1 ) a small addition ( f9e grit4 ,a compo/ t has be5 laid up = a ye>1 accord+ to ! or?odox practice ( flori/s1 is v mu* to be desir$2 b x may be prep>$ (f-h& if c>e be tak5 to h all ! mat]ials 9 a sweet1 friable /ate1 free f pa/9ess1 & z f> z possible free f v]m94 ,by lay+ x 9 a heap1 & turn+ two or ?ree times1 ! v]m9 w be pretty well got rid (4 ,s[ f ,april until ,augu/ 9 #d-a_/b in* pots1 :i* mu/ be ?or\ghly dra9$4 ,! se$ mu/ be v ?9ly cov]$1 & %eets ( glass %\ld be laid ov] to *eck evaporation4 ,place ! pots 9 a clos$ frame1 or if ! season be g5ial a %elt]$ bord] w suffice4 ,imm$iately ! plants are l>ge en\gh to h&le1 prick !m (f into se$-pans1 or r\nd ! edge ( #dh-size pots4 ,place ^! 9 a cold pit or 9 ! gre5h\se4 ,give %ade & wat] until ! plants h =m$ six or eight leaves1 & !n *oose a moi/ day = plant+ out4 ,to insure fl[]+ plants 9 ! foll[+ summ] x is necess>y to h !m /rong & robu/ be=e ! w9t] sets 94 ,z ! bloom+ /ems rise !y mu/ be c>efully ti$ to tall /icks1 /\t en\gh to c>ry a cov] = ! bloom1 if ! plants are n fl[]$ "u glass4 ,:5 ! buds %[ !y %\ld be ?9n$1 leav+ z a rule ! top1 ?ird1 & f\r? buds4 ,! second is (t5 too ne> ! fir/1 & "s w n c>ry ! f\r? ) vig\r4 ,:5 ! petals ne>ly fill ! calyx1 ea* "o mu/ be c>efully ti$ ) a ?9 /rip ( mat]ial a little m ?an halfway d[n1 to prev5t ! calyx f bur/+1 :i* disqualifies ! fl[] = exhibition4 ,! e>ly-fl[]+ class is extremely valuable = ! ease ) :i* x c be gr[n4 ,! se$l+s (f] ! advantage ( be+ f> m florif]\s ?an plants t h be5 propagat$ by ! or?odox me?od1 & !y are q immune f ! disease :i* (t5 decimates /ocks rais$ f lay]s & cutt+s4 ,two /ra9s--,vangu>d & ,improv$ ,m>gu]ite--possess ^! *>act]i/ics 9 a v high degree4 ,all ! usual col\rs are includ$1 & !y n only make a v impos+ display 9 ! bord]s b are ( great value = table decoration4 ,)9 ab\t six mon?s f ! "t se$ is s[n an admirable =m ( delightfully sc5t$ ,c>nation is at ! comm& ( e g>d5]1 & a succession ( ^! popul> fl[]s is available long aft] ! p]5nial v>ieties h ceas$ to bloom4 ,plants f se$ s[n 9 g5tle heat 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y w fl[] freely 9 ! autumn ( ! same ye>1 & if lift$ & pott$ !y w cont9ue 9 bloom dur+ ! w9t] z ornam5ts ( ! gre5h\se or cons]vatory4 ,f ano!r s[+ 9 autumn !re w be a display 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,,celosia ,,plumosa ,plum$ ,cockscomb4 ,gre5h\se annual ,! conditions :i* suit a lib]ally gr[n ,cockscomb w produce long graceful plumes ( ,celosia plumosa1 b ! />v+ sy/em w n answ] ) ?is plant4 ,s[ 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 & by means ( a /eady heat1 regul> att5tion ) wat]1 & a r moi/ atmosph]e1 ! specim5s %\ld be gr[n )\t a *eck f beg9n+ to end4 ,:5 !y rea* ! f9al pots an occasional dose ( weak manure wat] w help !m1 bo? 9 size & col\r1 b x mu/ be discont9u$ :5 ! fl[]s beg9 to %[ _! beauty4 ,z a rule x w be f\nd m easy to manage ?is plant on a mod]ate-siz$ hot-b$ ?an 9 a gre5h\se4 ,repott+ %\ld always be done 9 "t to prev5t ! roots f gr[+ ?r\gh ! bottom ( ! pots4 ,,celosia ,,cri/ata--see ,,cockscomb1 page #bed ,,*rysan!mum ,h>dy p]5nial & h>dy annual ,! t$i\s me?od ( propagat+ ,begonias1 ,glox9ias1 & ,primulas by cutt+s or lay]s has be5 replac$ by ! simpl] & m satisfactory proc$ure ( s[+ se$s1 :i* insures all ! f9e/ fl[]s 9 f> great] v>iety ?an 7 obta9$ "u ! obsolete treatm5t4 ,a simil> revolution is n[ proce$+ 9 ! culture ( ,*rysan!mums4 ,_m gr[]s are rely+ entirely on se$l+s rais$ f s[+s e>ly 9 ! ye> = _! autumn display4 ,! culture ( ,c4 indicum f se$ is z simple z t ( ,primulas or ,/ocks1 & ! v>iety & delicate *>m ( ! se$l+s f> surpass ! =mal plants ( ye>s ago4 ,g>d5]s :o require l>ge numb]s = decorative purposes may use se$l+ ,*rysan!mums ) excell5t effect4 ,se$ %\ld be s[n 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y1 us+ a compo/ consi/+ ( two p>ts leaf-soil to "o "p ( loam4 ,place ! pots or pans 9 a temp]ature ( #fe to #gj4 ,z soon z ! se$l+s appe> !y %\ld be mov$ to a some:at l[] temp]ature--ab\t #ee to #fj4 ,:5 ! "y plants are l>ge en\gh to h&le1 prick (f into trays at ab\t ?ree in*es ap>t1 us+ a little m loam 9 ! soil4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t size = ! purpose is fifte5 in*es long by n9e in*es wide & ?ree in*es deep4 ,^! trays produce a quick] root action ?an pots4 ,aft] gr[? has />t$1 place !m 9 cold frames4 ,imm$iately ! plants h made five or six leaves transf] s+ly to ?ree-in* pots1 & :5 nicely root$ !y may be /opp$ once4 ,ab\t ,june %ift into six-in* pots1 add+ a small quantity ( co>se silv] s& to ! pott+ soil4 ,t5 days lat] place !m out ( doors on a b$ ( a%es4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,july transf] to #i-a_/b in* pots = fl[]+1 us+ soil ( ! composition already advis$4 ,keep !m /&+ on a%es or bo>ds1 if possible at ! nor? side ( a h$ge or h\se4 ,:5 ?or\ghly root$ a little manure wat] may be giv5 once a week4 ,9 ,octob] /& ! plants 9 a cool h\se1 & 9 ! fir/ week ( ,novemb] move !m to fl[]+ qu>t]s1 keep+ ! temp]ature f #ee to #fj4 ,if requir$ = bloom+ 9 ! op51 prick ! se$l+s (f z soon z !y w be> h&l+1 & 9 ,may h !m plant$ out 9 f9al positions1 giv+ a little protection at fir/4 ,!y w yield a pr(usion ( bloom :i* w prove invaluable = decorative purposes ?r\gh\t ! autumn mon?s4 ,! ,p]5nial ,*rysan!mums include ! well-kn[n ,m>gu]ite1 or ,ox-eye ,daisy 7,c4 leucan!mum71 ( :i* sev]al new v>ieties h be5 introduc$ 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,n only h ^! fl[]s be5 greatly improv$ 9 size & =m1 b !re are n[ e>ly-& late-fl[]+ v>ieties :i* w give a succession ( bloom f ,may until e>ly autumn4 ,! se$ may be s[n at any "t f ,april to ,july on a c>efully prep>$ b$ ( light f]tile soil1 & :5 ! se$l+s are l>ge en\gh !y %\ld be transf]r$ to p]man5t qu>t]s = fl[]+ 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,9 ! p]5nial bord] ! plants make h&some specim5s1 & ! long-/emm$ fl[]s are also invaluable = vase decoration :5 cut4 ,sev]al ( ! ,annual ,*rysan!mums make sup]b displays 9 bord]s1 especially :5 plant$ 9 l>ge clumps1 & !y des]ve to be gr[n ext5sively 9 odd corn]s to furni% a supply ( *>m+ fl[]s = b\quets & arrangem5t 9 vases4 ,!re is a consid]able *oice ( col\rs1 :i* come q true1 & ! plants may be treat$ 9 all respects z h>dy annuals4 ,:5 gr[n 9 pots1 ! ,/> & ,dunnettii v>ieties make mo/ attractive subjects = ! decoration ( ! gre5h\se 9 w9t] & e>ly spr+4 ,= ?is purpose se$ %\ld be s[n 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,,c9]>ia ,gre5h\se annual ,! comp>ative ease ) :i* ! ,c9]>ia c be well gr[n1 toge!r ) ! exce$+ beauty & v>iety ( its fl[]s1 w always insure = x a high position 9 public fav\r4 ,x is n[ s g5]ally rais$ f se$ t no o!r mode ( culture ne$ be allud$ to4 ,! plant is rapid 9 gr[?1 v succul5t1 ?ir/y1 requires g5]\s fe$+1 & w n endure extremes ( heat or cold4 ,a compo/ ( mell[ turfy loam1 ei!r yell[ or br[n1 ) a fair addition ( leaf-m\ld1 w gr[ x to p]fection4 ,if leaf-m\ld _c be obta9$1 turfy peat w make a fairly good sub/itute4 ,soil f an old ,melon b$ w also answ]1 ) ! addition ( %>p grit su* z ! sift$ sweep+s f gravel walks2 ! disadvantage ( a v ri* soil is t x t5ds to ! production ( too mu* foliage4 ,! usual p]iod = s[+ is dur+ ! mon?s ( ,may & ,june1 &1 z a rule1 ! plants rais$ 9 ,may w be f\nd ! mo/ valuable4 ,a ,june s[+ mu/ n be expect$ to produce fl[]s until ! foll[+ ,m>* or ,april4 ,x is q possible to h ,c9]>ias 9 bloom 9 ,novemb] & ,decemb]1 & ^? :o c>e = a display at t e>ly p]iod %\ld s[ 9 ,april4 ,c9]>ias gr[ s freely t x is n necess>y to prick ! se$l+s (f r\nd ! edges ( pots or pans2 b imm$iately ! plants beg9 to make _! second leaves1 transf] direct to ?umb pots1 us+ r co>se soil1 & 9 do+ ?is take c>e n to cov] ! he>ts ( ! plants4 ,place ! pots 9 a close frame2 att5d to %ad+1 & spr9kle ) s(t wat] bo? morn+ & ev5+ until well e/abli%$4 ,9 ! second week aft] pott+1 gradually dim9i% ! heat & give m air4 ,too high a temp]ature1 & ev5 too mu* %ade1 w produce ?9 & weak leaf-/alks4 ,if ! plants are s cr[d$ t !y t\* "o ano!r x w almo/ c]ta9ly be injuri\s1 & r5d] !m an easy prey to "s ( _! num]\s enemies4 ,x is f> bett] to gr[ a few really f9e specim5s t w produce a h&some display ( sup]b fl[]s1 ?an to attempt a l>ge numb] ( feeble plants t w prove a con/ant s\rce ( tr\ble1 & 9 ! end yield b a poor return 9 bloom4 ,endeav\r to gr[ !m z ne>ly h>dy z ! season w all[1 ev5 admitt+ ! night air freely on suitable occasions4 ,imm$iately ! ?umb pots are fill$ ) roots1 %ift to a l>g] size1 & x is important t ?is op]ation %\ld n be delay$ a day too long4 ,to ! practis$ eye ! alt]ation ( ! col\r ( ! leaves to a pale gre5 is a suffici5t intimation t />vation has comm5c$1 & t prompt action is necess>y to save ! plants4 ,x is ! cu/om ( "s gr[]s to transf] at once to ! size 9 :i* !y are int5d$ to bloom4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "s dang] to ! inexp]i5c$ 9 ov]-pott+1 & !re=e "o int]m$iate %ift is advisable4 ,z a rule #cb-size pots are l>ge en\gh1 b ! #bd-or ev5 ! #af-size is all[able :5 v f9e specim5s are requir$4 ,! se$l+s %\ld be 9 _! f9al pots n lat] ?an ! end ( ,novemb]4 ,x w help to h>d5 & e/abli% ! plants if !y are plac$ 9 ! op5 air dur+ ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,a nor? bord] "u ! %elt] ( a wall or build+ is ! mo/ suitable spot1 b avoid a h$ge ( any k9d4 ,cle> away suck]s1 & if _m buds are pres5t$1 e ?ird "o may be remov$ :5 v f9e blooms are want$4 ,f ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! buds1 manure wat] c be giv5 ) advantage once or twice a week until ! fl[]s %[ col\r1 & !n x %\ld be discont9u$4 ,al?\gh ,c9]>ias are ?rifty plants1 !y are fa/idi\s ab\t trifles4 ,if possible give !m new pots1 or see t old ones are made scrupul\sly clean4 ,ev5 h>d wat] w ret>d free gr[?1 (t5times to ! p]plexity ( ! cultivator4 ,a ho/ ( enemies attack ,c9]>ias2 inde$1 !re is sc>cely a pe/ kn[n to ! gre5h\se b f9ds a cong5ial home ^u ?is plant4 ,mildew is m common 9 "s seasons ?an 9 o!rs4 ,z a rule1 x appe>s dur+ ,july & ,augu/1 especially aft] insuffici5t v5tilation1 or :5 ! plants h be5 left too long 9 "o place or too ne> to ea* o!r4 ,obvi\sly weakness invites attack1 & ! necessity ( robu/ & vigor\s gr[? is ?us effectually taught4 ,on ! fir/ appe>ance ( a curl$ leaf1 du/ ! foliage & soil ) sulphur1 & give no wat] ov]head until a cure has be5 effect$4 ,! aphis is easily kill$ by fumigation c>ri$ out on a quiet ev5+4 ,"s g>d5]s pref] to give an h\r or two once a week to ! removal ( ! pe/ by means ( a s(t bru%4 ,f ?ree to f\r doz5 plants are easily cleans$ by h& 9 ! "t nam$4 ,/> ,c9]>ias 7,c4 /ellata7 are gr[n "u precisely ! same conditions z ! ,flori/s' or ,%[ ,c9]>ias1 & ?is type ( fl[] is highly valu$ = its s+ul> gracefulness & beautiful decorative effect4 ,9 ! cons]vatory & on ! table x is an indisp5sable plant4 ,! sprays admit ( mo/ *>m+ arrangem5ts 9 vases ) any k9d ( ornam5tal foliage1 & ma9ta9 _! beauty = a long "t 9 wat]4 ,int]m$iate ,c9]>ias4--,^! new types ( ,c9]>ia1 :i* 9 habit are int]m$iate betwe5 ! ,l>ge-fl[]$ & ,/ellata classes1 make admirable subjects = table decoration1 z well z = ! adornm5t ( ! cons]vatory or gre5h\se4 ,9 ?is class ! ,fel?am ,beauty /ra9 und\bt$ly has a great future be=e x4 ,orig9at$ at ! ,fel?am ,nurs]ies1 ?is /ra9 has attract$ consid]able att5tion at ! num]\s horticultural meet+s :]e x has be5 exhibit$1 & s9ce x pass$ into our h&s a few ye>s ago "s v beautiful col\rs n to be f\nd among ! ord9>y ,/ellata v>ieties h be5 add$ to x4 ,! di/9ctive feature ( ! fl[]s is ! :ite c5tre1 :i* greatly enhances ! vividness ( ! col\r+ ( ! petals4 ,= ! ,int]m$iate section ! same me?ods ( culture z advis$ = ! o!r classes ( ,c9]>ia w apply4 ,,cl>kia ,c4 elegans4 ,c4 pul*ella4 ,h>dy annuals ,! two di/9ct classes ( ,cl>kia nam$ above include sev]al v>ieties t h long be5 freely gr[n 9 g>d5s z summ] annuals4 ,b ! v beautiful rec5t introductions 9 ! ,elegans class h lift$ ^! fl[]s to a high] plane ( usefulness = produc+ brilliant %eets ( col\r 9 b$s1 bord]s1 %rubb]ies1 & beside c>riage drives4 ,al?\gh all ! ,cl>kias bloom pr(usely 9 ord9>y g>d5 soil !y well repay lib]al treatm5t4 ,se$ may be s[n f ,m>* to ,may1 or 9 ,septemb] if an e>ly display is want$4 ,9 good gr\nd ea* plant ( ! ,pul*ella v>ieties %\ld be all[$ a space ( eight or t5 in*es1 b r m room mu/ be giv5 to ! ,elegans class to d ! plants ju/ice4 ,! ,elegans v>ieties are ( special value :5 treat$ z pot plants = cons]vatory decoration 9 ,may & ,june4 ,f se$ s[n 9 ,augu/ or e>ly 9 ,septemb] ! plants c be sl[ly gr[n into magnific5t specim5s f\r feet high & almo/ z mu* 9 diamet]4 ,our own practice is to s[ ?9ly 9 clean well-dra9$ #dh-size pots4 ,^! are plac$ 9 a temp]ature ( f #ej to #ee1 & :5 ! se$l+s are l>ge en\gh to h&le !y are prick$ (f into %all[ boxes ab\t ?ree in*es ap>t1 ! base ( ! boxes be+ freely p]=at$ to insure ample dra9age4 ,! mo/ suitable soil is compos$ ( equal p>ts ( s\nd loam & leaf-m\ld1 ) ! addition ( a gallon ( co>se s& to ea* bu%el ( ! mix$ soil4 ,aft] ! plants are well e/abli%$1 v5tilate freely to secure robu/ gr[?4 ,:5 ?ree in*es high p9* out ! po9ts1 & a little lat] transf] sep>ately to small pots1 keep+ !m close = a few days & z ne> ! glass z possible4 ,z ! roots develop1 transf] aga9 to l>g] pots1 & !n ! second & f9al /opp+ ( ! %oots mu/ be done4 ,%\ld v l>ge plants be want$ !y c be fl[]$ 9 #af-size pots1 us+ a compo/ slightly heavi] ?an t advis$ at a y\ng] /age ( gr[?4 ,! night temp]ature dur+ w9t] %\ld be ab\t #de1 giv+ air freely by day :5ev] possible to d s ) safety4 ,z ! bran*es ne$ support1 /icks ( a suitable l5g? mu/ be provid$1 & ! /ems ti$ out 9 good "t to prev5t !m f break+ (f4 ,,cl]od5dron ,,fallax ,/ove %rub ,a v h&some erect %rub1 :i* is ext5sively gr[n 9 tropical g>d5s4 ,9 ?is c\ntry x atta9s a height ( ab\t two feet1 & is easily rais$ f se$ 9 a w>m gre5h\se or cons]vatory1 :]e x proves to be a really beautiful & /rik+ plant4 ,s[ 9 pots or pans 9 ,m>* or ,april & transf] to s+le pots :ile small4 ,f ! comm5cem5t a v ri* soil is necess>y to insure robu/ gr[? & int5se col\r 9 ! panicles ( brilliant sc>let fl[]s4 ,! plants bloom 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb] ( ! same ye>4 ,:5 ! leaves fall1 if ! int5tion be to /ore ?r\gh w9t]1 remove to a temp]ature ( #ee2 b rais+ plants annually is m satisfactory & entails less tr\ble ?an /or+4 ,l _m o!r tropical plants1 ,cl]od5dron fallax is subject to attack by mealy bug1 & ?is pe/ may be dealt ) by h& pick+ or by wa%+ ! leaves ) insecticide two ev5+s 9 succession4 ,aphis are also tr\blesome & %\ld be cle>$ by fumigation4 ,,cockscomb ,celosia cri/ata4 ,t5d] annual ,?is f9e old-fa%ion$ fl[] has won r5ew$ popul>ity ( late ye>s1 probably z ! result ( a numb] ( well-gr[n plants exhibit$ at horticultural %[s4 ,^? :o c produce h&some ,c9]>ias1 ,balsams1 & ,calceol>ias1 w be likely to turn out gr& ,cockscombs1 /rongly col\r$ & on dw>f1 leafy plants4 ,lib]al culture is ess5tial1 & ! fir/ />t %\ld be made 9 a compo/ consi/+ ma9ly ( ri* light friable loam4 ,s[ ! se$s on a r brisk heat 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 a newly-made b sweet hot-b$ be+ ! be/ place = ! se$-pans4 ,prick out e>ly into v small pots1 & %ift on s z to enc\rage gr[? )\t a *eck1 & keep ! plants on ! hot-b$ until ! combs are =m$4 ,x is well n to %ift beyond ! #h-a_/b-;in* size2 !n1 by all[+ ! roots to become pot-b\nd1 ! combs are soon produc$4 ,x matt]s n h[ select ! se$1 or h[ c>eful ! culture1 a c]ta9 proportion ( unsymmetrical combs w appe>2 b ^!1 if ri*ly col\r$1 w be useful = decorative purposes1 & %\ld h all ! att5tion ne$$ to keep _! leaves fre% & ! combs pure 9 col\r4 ,,coleus ,/ove p]5nial ,!re is s mu* difficulty 9 c>ry+ ,coleus ?r\gh ! w9t] 9 vigor\s heal? t ! mod]n plan ( treat+ x z an annual is advantage\s = ! sav+ ( tr\ble & fire-heat 9 w9t]1 & also because x (f]s ! *>m ( con/ant div]sity4 ,! fact is t our w9t] days are too %ort & gloomy to ma9ta9 ! spl5d\r ( col\r+ :i* makes ,coleus s attractive & valuable2 & se$ f a good /ra9 may be reli$ on to produce plants :i* w delight ! eye all ?r\gh ! summ] & autumn4 ,"s exp]i5c$ m5 s[ 9 ,febru>y & succe$1 b ! majority ( cultivators w %[ prud5ce by wait+ until ,m>*1 :5 increas$ daylight fav\rs ! rapid gr[? ( ! plants4 ,fl[]pots are bett] ?an pans1 z ! great] dep? af=ds opportunity ( secur+ effectual dra9age4 ,! pots %\ld be ne>ly half-fill$ ) crocks1 cov]$ ) a lay] ( moss to prev5t ! soil f be+ wa%$ away4 ,fill !m ) light turfy loam1 m+l$ ) almo/ an equal bulk ( %>p s&4 ,make an ev5 surface1 on :i* s[ ?9ly1 & %ake ov] ! se$ a slight cov]+ ( f9e soil4 ,place ! pots 9 a temp]ature ( n less ?an #fe4 ,wat]+ ne$s p>ticul> c>e1 because ( ! peculi> liability ( ! "y plants to damp (f1 especially 9 dull wea!r4 ,! /ronge/ se$l+s are pretty c]ta9 to be ^? 9 :i* gre5 & black pr$om9ate1 & !y may )\t scruple be remov$ to make way = ! sl[]-gr[+ b bett]-col\r$ specim5s4 ,^! %\ld be transplant$ r\nd ! edges ( pots :ile q small2 & su* z %[ delicate t9ts1 especially ^? hav+ p9k m>k+s on a gold5 gr\nd1 are wor? nurs+ ?r\gh ! e>ly /age ) extra c>e4 ,! pots mu/ be %ad$ f direct sun%9e1 b %\ld be kept ne> ! glass4 ,9 ,may ! plants w be l>ge en\gh = #dh-siz$ pots1 beyond :i* !re is no occasion to g4 ,:5 ! pots become full ( roots ! foliage increases 9 brilliancy1 :]eas l>g] pots enc\rage free gr[? to ! detrim5t ( col\r4 ,a dry atmosph]e is p>ticul>ly injuri\s1 :ile an occasional dose ( manure wat] w ma9ta9 ! plants 9 heal?4 ,,columb9e--see ,,aquilegia ,,cosmea ,cosmos4 ,half-h>dy annual ,cosmeas make a /rik+ %[ 9 ! mix$ bord]1 & ! fl[]s are also 9 l>ge reque/ = indoor decoration4 ,disappo9tm5t is (t5 caus$1 h[ev]1 ?r\gh ! plants fail+ to bloom until late 9 ! season1 & !re=e x is important to gr[ an e>ly-fl[]+ /ra9 9 ord] to insure a long-cont9u$ display4 ,! mo/ successful me?od ( rais+ plants is to s[ ! se$ 9 pots dur+ ,febru>y1 prick+ (f ! plants z soon z l>ge en\gh4 ,:5 ! fir/ fl[]s appe> 9 ,may1 transplant to positions 9 ! op5 imm$iately dang] f fro/ is pa/4 ,,cyclam5 ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,g>d5]s ( exp]i5ce w rememb] ! "t :5 ! pr$om9ant col\rs ( ,cyclam5 7 purple & mag5ta1 & x 0 impossible = ! mo/ fri5dly critic to feel en?usia/ic conc]n+ ^! fl[]s4 ,b ! new col\rs--,salmon ,p9k1 ,salmon ,sc>let1 ! int5se ,vulcan1 ,rose ,que5 & ,*]ry ,r$1 toge!r ) ,giant ,:ite & ,:ite ,butt]fly--are n[ reg>d$ z ! brighte/ & mo/ beautiful decorative subjects = ! long p]iod ( d>k w9t] days ( :i* ,*ri/mas is ! c5tre4 ,z cut fl[]s = ! d9n]-table ,cyclam5s h no rival at t p]iod ( ! ye>1 & z specim5 plants 9 ! home !y are delightful = _! free-fl[]+ habit1 compact =m1 & elegant foliage4 ,se$ may be s[n at any "t dur+ autumn or ! e>ly "p ( ! ye>1 & ! plants w n only fl[] )9 twelve mon?s1 b if prop]ly gr[n w produce m bloom ?an c be obta9$ f old bulbs4 ,we d n advise m ?an ?ree s[+s1 ! fir/ & mo/ important ( :i* %\ld be made 9 ,augu/ or ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,to obta9 a succession ( plants1 s[ aga9 9 ,octob] & = ! la/ "t e>ly 9 ! new ye>4 ,^? :o h n hi!rto gr[n ,cyclam5 = midw9t] bloom+ w be well pleas$ ) ! result4 ,x is q z easy to fl[] !m 9 ! w9t] z 9 ! long] days1 & ?is is m ?an c be said ab\t mo/ plants4 ,! be/ soil = ,cyclam5 is a ri*1 s\nd loam1 ) a lib]al admixture ( leaf-m\ld1 & suffici5t silv] s& to insure free dra9age4 ,press ?is mixture firmly into pots or se$-pans1 & dibble ! se$ ab\t an in* ap>t & n m ?an a qu>t] ( an in* deep4 ,cov] ! surface ) a ?9 lay] ( leaves or fibr\s mat]ial to *eck rapid evaporation1 & lat] on keep ! soil free f moss4 ,! autumn s[+s may at fir/ be plac$ 9 a frame hav+ a temp]ature ( n less ?an #de4 ,at ! end ( a =tnight transf] ! pans to any w>m & moi/ position 9 ! gre5h\se or propagat+ h\se4 ,al?\gh ! ,cyclam5 is a t5d] plant1 x does n ne$ a /rong heat1 & w n endure extremes ( any k9d4 ,sudd5 *anges are always fatal to its gr[?4 ,9 w9t] ! temp]ature %\ld n be all[$ to fall bel[ #ef1 or to rise above #gj at any "t4 ,! m ev5ly ! heat c be ma9ta9$ ! bett]1 & x is desirable to give all ! light possible4 ,9 summ]1 h[ev]1 al?\gh a w>m & humid atmosph]e is /ill necess>y1 ! light may ) advantage be some:at subdu$1 b %ad+ mu/ n be ov]done1 or ! con/itution ( ! plant w suff]4 ,cyclam5 se$ n only g]m9ates sl[ly1 b x also gr[s 9 ! mo/ caprici\s mann]2 sometimes a few plants come up long aft] o!rs h made a good />t4 ,d n be impati5t ( _! appe>ance1 b :5 "s se$l+s are l>ge en\gh = removal transf] to ?umb pots1 tak+ c>e n to ins]t !m too deeply4 ,z ! plants develop1 %ift into l>g] pots1 end+ f9ally 9 ! #dh-size4 ,9 ! lat] /ages mix less s& ) ! soil1 & :5 pott+ always leave ! cr[n ( ! corm cle>4 ,keep ! plants ne> ! glass1 & z ! sun becomes p[]ful x w be necess>y to provide %ade & prev5t excess ( heat4 ,nev] all[ ! se$l+s to suff] f want ( wat]1 or to become a prey to aphis4 ,to avoid ! latt]1 occasional1 or x may be frequ5t1 fumigations mu/ be resort$ to4 ,ab\t ! end ( ,may %\ld f9d ! mo/ =w>d plants ready = %ift+ into #fj-pots4 ,give all ! air possible to promote a /urdy gr[?4 ,9 do+ ?is1 h[ev]1 avoid draughts ( cold air4 ,f ! end ( ,june to ! middle ( ,july ! f9e/ plants %\ld be ready = _! f9al %ift into #dh-pots1 9 :i* !y w fl[] admirably4 ,! gr[? dur+ ,augu/ & ,septemb] w be v free1 & !n occasional assi/ance ) weak manure wat] w add to ! size & col\r ( ! fl[]s4 ,z ! ev5+s %ort51 save ! plants f *ills1 :i* result 9 de=m$ blossoms4 ,! :ole secret ( successful ,cyclam5 culture may be summ$ up 9 a few words3 con/ant & unv>y+ heat1 a moi/ atmosph]e1 & abundant supplies ( wat] )\t /agnation2 free circulation ( air1 avoid+ cold draughts2 light 9 w9t]1 & %ade 9 summ]1 ) fre$om f insect pe/s4 ,^! conditions w keep ! plants 9 vigor\s gr[? f fir/ to la/1 & ! result w be s b\ntiful a bloom z to prove ! s\ndness ( ! rapid sy/em ( cultivation4 ,?is r\t9e may be v>i$ by ! exp]i5c$ cultivator1 b ! pr9ciples w rema9 ! same 9 all cases1 because ! natural con/itution ( ! plant gives ! key to its managem5t4 ,,dahlia ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,bo? ! d\ble & ! s+le classes ( ,dahlia are increas+ly gr[n z annuals f se$1 & ?is practice has ! great advantage ( be+ economical 9 "t & 9 ! sav+ ( space dur+ w9t]4 ,! se$l+s gr[ freely & quickly1 & w fl[] q z e>ly z ^? gr[n by ! m l5g?y & tr\blesome me?od f tub]s4 ,ev5 ^? :o possess a /ock ( nam$ sorts may ) advantage raise a supply f se$1 especially z !re is a probability ( secur+ "s *>m+ novelty1 :i* is 9 itself no small inc5tive4 ,al?\gh ! ,dahlia is a t5d] plant1 x is easily manag$ 9 a gre5h\se1 or 9 a frame re/+ on a hot-b$4 ,! se$ may be s[n z e>ly z ,janu>y1 b unless suffici5t space is at comm& to keep ! plants /ocky z !y develop1 x w be wise to wait until ,febru>y4 ,a s[+ 9 ! mon? la/ nam$ w produce plants =w>d en\gh to bloom at ! usual "t4 ,ev5 ,m>* w n be too late2 b :atev] "t may be *os51 :5 ! />t has be5 made x mu/ be foll[$ up ) dilig5ce1 s z to avoid giv+ any *eck f fir/ to la/4 ,s[ ?9ly 9 pots or pans fill$ ) ord9>y light ri* compo/1 & cov] ! se$ ) a m]e spr9kl+ ( f9e e>?4 ,:5 ! fir/ pair ( leaves atta9 ! height ( an in*1 pot (f ea* plant s+ly close up to ! base ( ! leaves4 ,x is n advisable to ?r[ ! weakly se$l+s away2 ^! are ! v plants :i* are mo/ likely to display new %ades ( col\r & !y are wor? "s additional tr\ble4 ,al?\gh weak at ! outset1 !y may1 by judici\s treatm5t1 be develop$ into a ?riv+ & heal?y condition4 ,:5 pott$1 place ! plants 9 heat1 giv+ a little extra c>e until gr[? is fairly />t$4 ,9 due "t %ift into l>g] sizes z may be necess>y1 & !n x w be wise to consid] :e!r !re is space to gr[ ! :ole /ock well4 ,if n1 d n hesitate to sacrifice ! surplus1 & 9 do+ s reject ! ranke/-gr[+ specim5s1 = ^! are lea/ likely to produce a f9e display ( bloom4 ,x is mi/ak5 practice to take out ! top %oot1 z ?is *ecks ! plant = no good end2 b :5 ab\t six in*es high1 ea* "o w ne$ ! support ( a /ick4 ,give wat] freely1 & air on all suitable occasions4 ,! lea/ t5d5cy to curl$ leaves indicates some?+ amiss1 & dem&s imm$iate att5tion4 ,a cold bla/ may h /rick5 ! plants1 or ! soil may be poor2 lack ( suffici5t wat] w produce ! mis*ief1 or x may arise f ! pres5ce ( aphis4 ,if ! la/-nam$ assumption prove correct1 fumigate on ! fir/ quiet ev5+1 & omit wat]+ on t day4 ,! m]e m5tion ( ! o!r po9ts w be suffici5t to %[ ! rem$y = !m4 ,z ! "t = transf] to ! op5 air approa*es1 all t is possible %\ld be done to h>d5 ! plants = ! *ange4 ,!y may be plac$ = a few days "u ! %elt] ( a wall or h$ge1 b on ! lea/ sign ( fro/ be prep>$ to protect ) hurdles or mats4 ,full exposure dur+ g5ial %[]s & fair wea!r is advisable1 & an occasional exam9ation ( ! plants w prev5t _! root+ ?r\gh ! pots into ! soil4 ,! bord] = ,dahlias c sc>cely be made too ri*1 = !y are hungry & ?ir/y subjects1 & w amply repay 9 a pr(usion ( bloom ! manure t may be lavi%$ ^u !m4 ,slugs & snails are un=tunately too p>tial to newly plant$ ,dahlias1 b ! v]m9 soon cease to c>e ab\t !m2 !re=e x is advisable to plant ,lettuces pl5tifully at ! same "t1 or previ\sly1 on ! same gr\nd1 & to du/ ar\nd ! ,dahlias ) lime4 ,ins]t at lea/ "o /ake1 ab\t a y>d long1 ne> ea* plant1 to give support1 & two or ?ree o!rs w h to be giv5 be=e ! bran*es spread f>4 ,secure ! fir/ %oot :5 plant+ is complet$1 & foll[ up ! ty+ z gr[? dem&s4 ,dahlias bloom cont9u\sly = a long "t1 & appe> to be especially at home 9 ! %rubb]y bord]1 or 9 ! c5tre ( a b$4 ,!y are also valuable = tra9+ aga9/ build+s hav+ a s\!rn aspect1 & "h ! fl[]+ p]iod is mu* prolong$1 = an e>ly fro/ w sc>cely rea* !m4 ,a light wall is an admirable backgr\nd = deep-col\r$ v>ieties1 & ! :ite or yell[ fl[]s are display$ to advantage aga9/ a d>k build+4 ,dahlias may be us$ ei!r alone or 9 company ) ! climb+ plants :i* are usual 9 su* positions4 ,! fl[]s possess a special value = indoor decoration1 & any odd corn] ( ! g>d5 c be utilis$ = produc+ a supply = ?is purpose4 ,cutt+ %\ld inv>iably be done 9 ! e>ly morn+1 :ile yet ! dew is ^u !m4 ,!y w !n reta9 _! beauty = a long] p]iod ?an ^? tak5 at a lat] h\r f ! same plants4 ,?is rem>k is true ( all fl[]s1 b x applies ) especial =ce to ! ,dahlia4 ,,daisy1 ,,d\ble ,bellis p]5nis fl4 pl4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,! rem>kable developm5t ( ! ,d\ble ,daisy 9 rec5t ye>s has rais$ ?is simple g>d5 subject to ! =emo/ rank ( spr+ b$d+ plants4 ,s pron\nc$ has be5 ! improvem5t a*iev$ 9 ! size & =m ( ! fl[]s1 t plants rais$ f a reliable /ra9 ( se$ w n[ produce blooms :i* may well be mi/ak5 = specim5s ( f9ely %ap$ ,a/]s4 ,:5 mass$ 9 a l>ge b$ ! fl[]s pres5t "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ sights to be se5 any:]e 9 ! spr+ g>d54 ,b ap>t f _! use 9 =mal b$s & bord]s1 ,d\ble ,daisies make a pleas+ break among ,wallfl[]s1 & are p>ticul>ly attractive :5 gr[n z an edg+ to bulb\s fl[]s & o!r spr+-bloom+ subjects su* z ,polyan?us1 ,myosotis1 c4 ,plants f a s[+ made 9 pans 9 ,april & put out :5 l>ge en\gh1 may be fl[]$ 9 ! autumn ( ! same ye>4 ,b ! me?od m g5]ally practis$ is to s[ on prep>$ b$s 9 ! op5 dur+ ,june or ,july1 & to transf] ! se$l+s :5 suffici5tly develop$ to positions = bloom+ 9 ! foll[+ season4 ,,delph9ium ,h>dy p]5nial ,ne>ly all ! p]5nial v>ieties may be rais$ f se$1 & :]e l>ge numb]s are requir$ ?is is ! be/ me?od ( obta9+ !m4 ,!y make h&some bord] fl[]s1 & are extremely valuable dur+ ! e>ly mon?s ( summ]4 ,s[ 9 ,may1 ,june or ,july1 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & transplant 9 autumn4 ,if mix$ se$ has be5 s[n1 x w n be wise to ?9 out all ! weakly plants1 or x may happ5 t "s ( ! *oice/ %ades may be lo/4 ,! fir/ fl[]s w be ov] by midsumm]1 b if ! /alks are promptly cut d[n in/ead ( be+ all[$ to se$1 !re w be a second display lat] 9 ! ye>4 ,?ree v>ieties1 ,que5 ( ,blues1 ,dw>f ,porcela9 ,blue1 & ,blue ,butt]fly1 may be fl[]$ z annuals1 by s[+ 9 pans 9 ,m>* & transplant+ to ! op5 z soon z ! se$l+s are ready4 ,!y also make p>ticul>ly *>m+ pot plants1 = :i* purpose x is advisable to s[ se$s 9 ,m>*4 ,! sc>let v>iety 7,d4 nudicaule7 is r m delicate ?an ! o!rs1 & x is wise to raise ! plants 9 well-dra9$ se$-pans1 & to take c>e ( !m ?r\gh ! fir/ w9t] 9 a cold frame2 inde$1 9 a heavy soil !re is a risk ( los+ !m 9 any w9t] :i* is bo? cold & wet4 ,x is n necess>y to employ pots1 b imm$iately aft] fl[]+ take !m up & /ore 9 peat until ! foll[+ ,april1 :5 !y c be return$ to ! op5 gr\nd4 ,d4 sulphureum4 ,! se$ takes a v long "t to g]m9ate1 & sev]ely taxes ! pati5ce ( ! s[]4 ,b o!rwise !re is no difficulty 9 rais+ plants1 & ! long spikes ( beautiful cle> sulphur-yell[ fl[]s are well wor? ! extra "t ! se$l+s ne$4 ,! be/ plan is to s[ 9 autumn 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 cov] ) a frame1 & avoid di/urb+ ! soil1 except = we$+1 until ! next autumn1 :5 ! plants %\ld be put into position = fl[]+ 9 ! foll[+ summ]4 ,z slugs are exce$+ly p>tial to ,delph9iums1 ! cr[ns %\ld be exam9$ 9 spr+1 & ! se$-b$s may be dress$ ) soot & surr\nd$ ) a%es to save ! se$l+s f injury4 ,! annual ,delph9iums are dealt ) "u ,l>kspur1 page #bgd4 ,,dian?us ,p9k4 ,bi5nials1 h>dy & half-h>dy ,_m v>ieties ( ,dian?us claim att5tion = _! elegant =ms & spl5d\r ( col\r+4 ,!y h be5 s wond]fully improv$ by sci5tific gr[]s t !y almo/ sup]s$e ! old g>d5 ,p9ks1 & h ! great advantage ( com+ true f se$4 ,d4 ,h$dewigii 7,japan ,p9k7 & its v>ieties1 ,d4 *95sis 7,indian ,p9k7 & ,d4 imp]ialis1 make int]e/+ & sumptu\s b$s1 & may all be fl[]$ ! fir/ ye> f s[+s made 9 heat 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y4 ,imm$iately ! se$l+s are ?r\gh ! soil x is important to %ift !m to a r l[] temp]ature ?an is necess>y = insur+ g]m9ation1 or ! plants become s(t & wor?less4 ,be v sp>+ ) wat]1 especially if ! soil is at all ret5tive4 ,:5 two leaves are =m$1 transf] to pans1 all[+ ab\t an in* betwe5 ea* plant1 & place 9 a %elt]$ position4 ,gradually introduce to cool treatm5t1 & :5 ready prick (f aga91 all[+ ea* plant m space4 ,!y w ?us h a mu* bett] />t1 :5 plant$ out 9 ,may1 ?an if tak5 f ! se$-pans direct4 ,dian?us make a mo/ attractive display 9 pots1 & a numb] ( se$l+s %\ld be pott$ on = fl[]+ 9 ?is mann]4 ,:]e !re are no facilities = rais+ ,dian?us 9 heat1 x is q easy to gr[ plants 9 an op5 spot f a s[+ 9 ,june or ,july1 & !y w fl[] freely 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,prep>e drills ab\t six in*es ap>t & l9e !m ) sift$ soil2 s[ ?9ly1 & c>efully cov] ! se$ ) f9e soil4 ,%ade mu/ be giv5 dur+ g]m9ation1 b x %\ld be gradually )drawn :5 ! se$l+s are up4 ,transf] to f9al positions 9 ,augu/4 ,%\ld ?is be impossible1 prick ! plants out1 & %ift !m aga9 a little lat]4 ,x w only d h>m to leave !m cr[d$ 9 ! se$-b$1 & ! second move w bett] enable !m to )/& w9t] fro/s4 ,! ,dian?us ?rives 9 a s&y or loamy soil1 ) full exposure to sun%9e1 & ! plants sc>cely ne$ wat] or any att5tion ! :ole season ?r\gh4 ,,digitalis ,foxglove4 ,h>dy bi5nial ,besides ! native ,purple ,foxglove1 l>gely gr[n 9 g>d5s1 !re are sev]al v h&some v>ieties t are valuable = adorn+ bord]s1 %rubb]ies & woodl& walks4 ,specially wor?y ( att5tion are ,giant ,primrose1 a beautiful v>iety ) ri* cream or buff fl[]s2 ! ,giant ,spott$1 :i* produces h&some fl[]s1 ri* & v>i$ 9 col\r2 & ! :ite v>iety ) its abundance ( *>m+ ivory-:ite bells1 :i* are occasionally slightly spott$4 ,any deep ri* soil suits ,digitalis1 & se$ s[n 9 ,may1 ,june1 or ,july w produce se$l+s :i*1 ) v little att5tion1 w yield a f9e display ( fl[]s 9 ! foll[+ summ]4 ,s[ 9 ! op5 9 pans1 or on a prep>$ bord]1 & put ! "y plants into p]man5t positions1 *oos+ %[]y wea!r 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]4 ,,dimorpho!ca ,half-h>dy annual ,! ,dimorpho!ca1 also call$ ! ,/> ( ! ,veldt1 0 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry f ,s\? ,africa &1 l ! ,nemesia1 also a native ( t ,dom9ion1 x has become "o ( ! mo/ valuable ( our summ] annuals4 ,"u fav\rable conditions plants may be fl[]$ 9 six weeks f "t ( s[+ & !y w cont9ue to bloom 9 pr(usion until cut d[n by fro/4 ,9 addition to ! /rik+ orange fl[]1 ,d4 aurantiaca 7,orange ,daisy71 a wide range ( col\rs1 includ+ _m delicate t9ts1 has be5 evolv$ by c>eful hybridisation4 ,^? :o wi% to obta9 =w>d plants %\ld s[ dur+ ,m>* or ,april 9 pans ( light soil plac$ 9 a cold frame1 & ! se$l+s w be ready = transf] to op5 qu>t]s 9 ,may4 ,or se$ may safely be s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 ,may & ,june4 ,z sugge/$ by its native habitat1 ! ,dimorpho!ca loves a w>m sunny position & gr[s to ! greate/ p]fection 9 a light soil or a well-dra9$ loam4 ,! practice ( fl[]+ half-h>dy annuals 9 pots is rapidly increas+1 & among ?is class ( plants ! ,dimorpho!ca has few rivals z a decorative subject = ! cons]vatory4 ,x is m effective to gr[ ?ree or f\r plants 9 a pot ?an "o only1 & ! be/ specim5s are obta9$ by s[+ direct into ! pots & ?9n+ ! se$l+s to ! requir$ numb]4 ,use a light ri* compo/ conta9+ a fair proportion ( silv] s&1 & d n let ! plants suff] = ! lack ( wat]4 ,,es*s*oltzia ,h>dy p]5nial ,a decade or s ago ! pr$om9ant col\rs f\nd 9 ,es*s*oltzias 7 yell[ & orange1 b 9 rec5t ye>s a numb] ( new & v attractive %ades h be5 introduc$1 ) ! result t ?is plant is n[ reg>d$ z indisp5sable = summ] b$d+ & = bord]s4 ,! mod]n practice is to gr[ ,es*s*oltzias z annuals1 s[+ 9 ! op5 dur+ ,m>* & ,april4 ,z ! se$l+s d n readily transplant1 ! se$ %\ld be put 9 :]e ! fl[]s are want$4 ,?9 out 9 due c\rse1 all[+ ea* plant ample space = developm5t4 ,s[+s may also be made dur+ ,septemb]1 f :i* ! plants w bloom 9 advance ( ^? rais$ 9 spr+4 ,,freesia ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,! ,freesia is ano!r ( ! bulb\s fl[]s easily rais$ f se$1 & x may be _h 9 bloom )9 six mon?s f date ( s[+4 ,use a ri* compo/1 & s[ "u glass 9 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 or ,m>*1 z may be/ suit conv5i5ce4 ,se$ %\ld be s[n aga9 9 ,augu/1 to supply fl[]s 9 spr+ or summ] ( ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! brittl5ess ( ! roots makes re-pott+ a haz>d\s op]ation4 ,x is !re=e wise to s[ 9 #dh-pots & ?9 to f\r or five plants 9 ea*1 ?us avoid+ ! ne$ = %ift+ until aft] fl[]+ has tak5 place4 ,:5 re-pott+ becomes imp]ative1 x mu/ be done ) a g5tle h&1 & ! bulbs ought to be c>efully mat*$ = ea* pot4 ,! position *os5 = ,freesias %\ld be light & freely v5tilat$ 9 mild wea!r1 b !y w n endure a cutt+ draught4 ,= fur!r cultural notes see page #cbh4 ,,fu*sia ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,to raise ,fu*sias f se$ w be new practice to _m2 b x is bo? int]e/+ & inexp5sive1 & e ye> x secures an increas+ numb] ( adh]5ts4 ,se$ may be s[n at almo/ any "t ( ! ye>2 if a />t be made 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y1 ! plants w bloom 9 ,july or ,augu/4 ,soil = ! se$-pots %\ld be some:at firm 9 texture1 b a light ri* compo/ ought to be employ$ :5 ! plants come to be pott$ (f1 & ! f9al %ift %\ld be into a mixture conta9+ ne>ly "o-?ird ( decay$ c[-manure4 ,= ! e>ly s[+ we h nam$1 a r /rong heat w be necess>y to br+ up ! se$4 ,:5 l>ge en\gh to h&le1 prick (f ! se$l+s r\nd ! edges ( #fj-pots1 putt+ ab\t six plants into ea* pot4 ,%ade & moi/ure are requisite to give !m a />t aft] ea* transf]4 ,subsequ5tly !y mu/ be pott$ on z gr[? dem&s1 until ! f9al size is rea*$2 & fl[]+ w n comm5ce s long z increas$ pot-room is giv54 ,! gr[? mu/ n be hurri$1 & ! plants %\ld at all times be kept free f v]m94 ,se$l+s hav+ n>r[ po9t$ leaves may be consign$ to ! wa/e heap )\t scruple2 b plants ) %ort r\nd$ foliage1 especially if d>k 9 col\r1 are almo/ c]ta9 to prove ( high quality4 ,,gaill>dia ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,all ! ,gaill>dias are mo/ conv5i5tly gr[n z annuals f se$4 ,! plants rema9 9 bloom = a long p]iod1 & = _! gorge\s col\r+ ! fl[]s are z highly priz$ = arrang+ 9 b[ls & vases z = g>d5 decoration4 ,! be/ mon? 9 :i* to s[ se$ is ,m>*1 & ! plants w !n be ready = putt+ out 9 ,may4 ,any good compo/ w answ]1 & only a mod]ate temp]ature is necess>y to br+ up ! se$l+s4 ,! usual c\rse ( proc$ure 9 prick+ (f mu/ be adopt$ to keep !m %ort & /\t4 ,,g]anium ,pel>gonium4 ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,g]aniums ( all k9ds are mo/ valuable if treat$ z annuals4 ,9 _! se$l+ /ate ! plants are peculi>ly robu/ & *>m+ly fre% 9 leafage & fl[]s1 ev5 if among/ !m !re does n happ5 to be "o t is welcome z a novel flori/'s fl[]4 ,:5 gr[n f fir/-class se$1 h[ev]1 a l>ge proportion ( f9e v>ieties & a few real novelties may be expect$4 ,! se$ may be s[n on any day ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 b ,febru>y & ,augu/ are especially suitable4 ,s[ 9 pans fill$ ) a good mixture1 9 a some:at r\gh /ate4 ,cov] ) a fair sixte5? ( an in* ( f9e soil4 ,put ! se$-pans 9 a temp]ature ( #fj to #gj if s[n 9 ,febru>y1 b heat w n be necess>y at all unless x is desir$ to br+ ! plants into fl[] e>ly 9 ! ensu+ summ]4 ,we are accu/om$ to place ! se$-pans on a sunny %elf 9 a cool gre5h\se1 & h f9e plants by ! end ( ,june1 _m ( :i* beg9 to fl[] 9 ,augu/4 ,,g]b]a ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,! ,g]b]a1 also kn[n z ! ,b>b]ton or ,transvaal ,daisy1 is a native ( ,s\? ,africa4 ,"u cool gre5h\se treatm5t x may be gr[n to p]fection 9 pots1 & a *>m+ display ( bloom c also be obta9$ 9 ! op5 bord] f plants put out 9 a well-dra9$ sunny position & giv5 slight protection 9 w9t]4 ,! fl[]s some:at resemble a ,m>gu]ite 9 =m1 hav+ a numb] ( long po9t$ petals radiat+ f a small c5tre4 ,9 addition to ! brilliant ,g4 ,jamesonii1 sometimes call$ ! ,sc>let ,daisy ( ! ,cape1 _m hybrid fl[]s hav+ a wide range ( delightful col\rs are also available4 ,al?\gh se$ is (t5 s[n 9 spr+1 ! be/ results are probably obta9$ f an ,augu/ s[+1 9 pans plac$ 9 a g5tle heat4 ,prick (f ! se$l+s :5 l>ge en\gh1 & if requir$ = ! gre5h\se or cons]vatory transf] to pots1 or gradually h>d5 (f = plant+ 9 ! op5 z soon z wea!r p]mits 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,,gesn]a ,ngelia4 ,t5d] p]5nial ,an extremely beautiful ornam5t = /ove or cons]vatory4 ,! new hybrids freely produce spikes ( bright p5dul\s fl[]s ( _m *>m+ col\rs4 ,al?\gh ! ,gesn]a is a p]5nial1 x is s\nd practice to treat ! plant z an annual4 ,se$l+s f a ,janu>y s[+ w comm5ce fl[]+ 9 ab\t n9e mon?s4 ,v ri* soil1 a w>m & ev5 temp]ature1 & pl5ty ( wat]1 are requisite to promote luxuriant gr[?4 ,! culture advis$ = ,glox9ias w exactly suit ! ,gesn]a also4 ,,geum ,h>dy p]5nial ,! introduction ( ! well-kn[n d\ble v>iety1 ,mrs4 ,brad%aw1 :i* may easily be fl[]$ f se$ 9 ! fir/ season1 has br\ght ! ,geum into prom95ce 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,se$ ( ! above-nam$ v>iety %\ld be s[n 9 pans 9 ,m>* or ,april & ! se$l+s prick$ (f into boxes ( ri* soil :5 l>ge en\gh4 ,put out 9 ,may or ,june & d n let ! plants suff] = want ( wat]4 ,geums may also be rais$ f s[+s made 9 ,june or ,july1 & transplant+ 9 due c\rse to p]man5t qu>t]s1 9 ! mann] usual ) h>dy p]5nials4 ,,gladiolus ,corn ,flag4 ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,=m]ly ! ,gladiolus 0 seldom rais$ f se$1 probably because ! se$ obta9able 0 n wor? s[+4 ,n[ x is sav$ ) s mu* c>e t x w give a spl5did display ( fl[]s1 a l>ge proportion ( :i* w be equal to nam$ sorts1 & "s may %[ a decid$ advance4 ,! use ( l>ge pots--! #cb-size w answ]--is advantage\s = _m reasons1 & !y %\ld be ei!r new or scrupul\sly clean1 = !y w h to rema9 un*ang$ = _m mon?s1 s t a fair />t is ! m necess>y4 ,= ! same reason special c>e %\ld be tak5 to insure free dra9age4 ,ov] ! usual crocks place a lay] ( dry moss1 & fill ) a compo/ ( fibr\s loam & leaf-m\ld 9 equal p>ts1 ) suffici5t %>p s& add$ to make x ?or\ghly por\s4 ,press ! soil firmly into ! pots1 mak+ ! surface q ev51 & 9 ,febru>y dibble ! se$s sep>ately ab\t an in* ap>t1 & half an in* deep4 ,?is w r5d] x ne$less to di/urb ! se$l+s dur+ ! fir/ season4 ,put ! se$-pots 9 a /eady temp]ature n exce$+ #fe or #gj4 ,aft] wat]+1 x w help to reta9 ! moi/ure if ! top ( ea* pot is cov]$ ) a lay] ( old moss1 until ! plants %[4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are ab\t an in* high remove to a l[] temp]ature1 & beg9 to h>d5 (f by giv+ air on suitable occasions4 ,take c>e1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! process no *eck is giv5 to gr[?4 ,soon aft] ! middle ( ,may ! se$l+s %\ld be able to be> full exposure1 & x w !n be "t to r5ew ! surface soil4 ,g5tly remove ! upp] lay]1 & replace x ) rott5 c[-manure1 or "s o!r ri* dress+4 ,wat] mu/ be giv5 regul>ly until ab\t midsumm]1 :5 ! pots may be plung$ to ! rim 9 a %ady bord]1 & ?is w keep !m tol]ably moi/ until1 9 ,septemb]1 ! se$l+s beg9 to rip5 (f1 :i* !y mu/ be all[$ to d4 ,:5 ! leaves h di$ d[n1 %ake out ! bulbs & place !m on a %elf to dry4 ,a mixture ( equal p>ts ( peat & p9e sawdu/1 plac$ 9 a box or se$-pan1 w make ! be/ possible /ore = !m2 ! box or se$-pan to be kept 9 any spot :i* is safe f heat & fro/4 ,aft] ab\t six weeks1 ea* bulb %\ld be exam9$1 & decay$ specim5s remov$4 ,if any ( !m h comm5c$ gr[+1 pot !m & place 9 a pit or gre5h\se4 ,9 ,m>* take ! bulbs out ( /ore1 pot ea* "o s+ly1 & prep>e = plant+ out4 ,! transf] to ! op5 mu/ n be made until ! dang] ( fro/ is pa/1 ev5 ?\gh x be necess>y to wait until ! fir/ week ( ,june4 ,fur!r rem>ks on ,gladiolus w be f\nd at page #cbi1 "u #8,! ,culture ( ,fl[]+ ,bulbs4' ,,glox9ia ,t5d] p]5nial ,glox9ias c n[ be fl[]$ 9 ! mo/ satisfactory mann] )9 six mon?s f ! date ( s[+ se$4 ,h5ce !re is no long] ! lea/ temptation to propagate ^! plants by ! l5g?y & tr\blesome me?od =m]ly 9 vogue1 especially z se$l+s rais$ f a fir/-class /ra9 produce fl[]s ( ! f9e/ quality1 bo? z to =m & /yle ( gr[?4 ,"o great advantage to be obta9$ f se$l+s is an almo/ endless v>iety ( col\r1 = ! c>eful hybridisation ( ! *oice/ fl[]s n only p]petuates ^? col\rs1 b yields o!r f9e %ades also4 ,^? :o h nev] se5 a l>ge & well-gr[n collection ( se$l+ ,glox9ias h yet to witness "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ displays ( floral beauty4 ,q z mu* has be5 done = ! foliage ( ! ,glox9ia z = its fl[]1 & ! be/ /ra9s n[ produce gr& leaves :i* are reflex$ 9 su* a mann] z almo/ to hide ! pot1 s t ! foliage pres5ts an extremely ornam5tal appe>ance4 ,by successive s[+s & judici\s managem5t x is possible to fl[] ,glox9ias almo/ ! ye> ?r\gh4 ,! mo/ important mon?s = s[+ se$ are ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 & ,m>*1 & to secure an e>ly display 9 ! foll[+ spr+ "s gr[]s s[ aga9 9 ,june or ,july4 ,! soil mo/ suit$ to ,glox9ias is a light por\s compo/ ( fibr\s loam4 ,if ?is is n obta9able1 leaf-m\ld w answ]1 mix$ ) peat & silv] s& 9 ab\t equal p>ts4 ,new pots are advisable1 or old ones mu/ be ?or\ghly cleans$1 & free dra9age is ess5tial to success4 ,fill ! pots to )9 half an in* ( ! top4 ,s[ ?9ly1 & slightly cov] ! se$ ) v f9e soil4 ,place ! pots 9 a w>m1 moi/ position1 c>efully %ad+ f ! sun4 ,a light spr9kl+ ( wat] daily w be necess>y4 ,imm$iately "s plants are l>ge en\gh = %ift+1 lift !m t5d]ly f ! se$-pot1 s z sc>cely to di/urb ! re/1 & prick (f into l>ge #fj-pots 9 :i* ! soil has a convex surface4 ,foll[ ?is process z plants become ready until all ! se$l+s h be5 transf]r$4 ,:5 pott+ on all[ ! leaves to re/ on ! soil1 b avoid cov]+ ! he>ts4 ,on ! fir/ w>m day give air on ! leew>d side ( ! h\se1 briefly at fir/1 & increase ! "t z ! plants become e/abli%$4 ,a cle> space betwe5 ! plants is necess>y to prev5t ! leaves ( neighb\rs f meet+4 ,! f9al %ift %\ld be into #dh-pots1 unless extra f9e specim5s are requir$1 & !n "o or two sizes l>g] may be us$4 ,an occasional dose ( weak manure wat] w prove b5eficial1 tak+ c>e t ! foliage is n wett$4 ,a moi/ atmosph]e1 ) ! temp]ature at ab\t #fj to #fe1 greatly facilitates ! gr[? ( ,glox9ias4 ,) c>e1 h[ev]1 !y may be well gr[n 9 gre5h\ses & pits heat$ by hot wat]4 ,al?\gh ! plants love a humid atmosph]e :ile gr[+1 ?is ceases to be an advantage1 &1 9 fact1 becomes injuri\s :5 ! fl[]s beg9 to exp&4 ,at t "t1 also1 ! manure wat] %\ld be discont9u$4 ,"u #8,! ,culture ( ,fl[]+ ,bulbs1' page #cca1 fur!r in/ructions are giv54 ,,godetia ,h>dy annual ,s f> z ! culture ( ,godetias is conc]n$1 ! usual spr+ s[+ & ! regul> treatm5t ( h>dy annuals w satisfy ^? :o are cont5t ) a display entail+ ! lea/ possible tr\ble4 ,b ! ,godetia is no ord9>y annual4 ,! plants fl[] ) su* amaz+ pr(usion1 & ! col\rs are s magnific5t1 t ^? :o wi% to produce /rik+ effects 9 b$s or bord]s 9 ,july & ,augu/ w f9d ,godetias ( ! highe/ value4 ,all ! v>ieties come p]fectly true to col\r & admit ( num]\s contra/s & h>monies4 ,z an example1 we sugge/ ! foll[+ comb9ation = a long bord]1 or beside a c>riage drive4 ,s[ two r[s ( ,alyssum m9imum1 all[+ twelve in*es betwe5 ! r[s2 "o r[ ( ,dw>f ,p9k ,godetia fifte5 in*es f ! ,alyssum2 two r[s ( ,g4 ,dw>f ,du*ess ( ,albany eighte5 in*es ap>t2 "o r[ ( ,g4 ,sc>let ,que5 eighte5 in*es f ! prec$+ v>iety1 & "o r[ ( ,d\ble ,rose at ! back4 ,! result w a/oni% ^? :o h n previ\sly se5 a really f9e exposition ( ?is fl[]4 ,_m o!r comb9ations w occur to ^? :o c>efully /udy col\r s*emes4 ,!re are few annuals m greatly valu$ = cutt+ ?an ! tall] v>ieties ( ,godetia4 ,^! ma9ly produce d\ble fl[]s 9 sprays two feet or m 9 l5g? :i* develop into full beauty aft] be+ plac$ 9 wat]4 ,m>* & ,april are ! mon?s = s[+ se$ 9 ! op5 = a summ] display1 & ,septemb] = spr+ fl[]+4 ,good effects1 h[ev]1 are obta9$ by rais+ a suffici5t numb] ( plants 9 boxes & prick+ (f 9 read9ess = putt+ out aft] bulbs & spr+ b$d]s h be5 cle>$ away4 ,"u ?is practice !re ne$ n be a blank or a defective specim54 ,dw>f ,godetias make exce$+ly symmetrical & attractive pot plants4 ,= ?is purpose s[ se$ 9 ,octob] 9 pans & place !m 9 a temp]ature ( #ee until ! se$l+s appe>1 !n remove to a cool] place4 ,z soon z possible prick (f ?ree 9 ea* #dh-pot & :5 e/abli%$ gr[ on dur+ w9t] 9 cold frames1 giv+ air daily except 9 fro/y wea!r1 :5 ! frames mu/ rema9 clos$ & c be protect$ ) :atev] cov]+ may be at h&4 ,"h x may be well to po9t out t ev5 :5 t\*$ by fro/ ! plants w recov] if !y are %ad$ f ! sun's rays until ! pots are q cle> ( fro/4 ,godetias fl[]$ 9 pots make bright gr\ps 9 cons]vatories1 & occasionally d good s]vice :]e failures occur 9 b$s4 ,,grevillea ,,robu/a ,au/ralian ,oak4 ,gre5h\se %rub ,9 its native c\ntry1 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ?is is a /ately tree4 ,"h x is gr[n z a pot plant1 & ! f9ely cut1 droop+1 f]n-l foliage produces "o ( ! mo/ graceful decorative subjects we possess4 ,its value is enhanc$ by ! fact t x )/&s ! baneful influ5ces ( gas1 du/1 & *anges ( temp]ature bett] ?an ! majority ( table plants4 ,se$l+s are easily rais$ by ^? :o c ex]cise pati5ce2 & aft]w>ds ! simple/ cool culture w suffice to gr[ h&some specim5s4 ,b we d n "k any se$--n ev5 ! ,auricula--:i* takes m "t & is s caprici\s 9 g]m9at+4 ,9 all cases :]e se$ is s[n 9 fairly ri* soil1 :i* has to be kept con/antly moi/ & undi/urb$ = a long p]iod1 !re is a t5d5cy to s\rness1 especially on ! surface4 ,free dra9age w d some?+ t[>ds prev5t+ ?is4 ,ano!r aid 9 ! same direction is to cov] ! se$ ) a lay] ( s&1 & ! s& ) a ?9 coat+ ( ord9>y pott+ soil4 ,:5 ! surface becomes cov]$ ) moss1 ! coat+ ( soil c be g5tly remov$ d[n to ! s&1 & be replac$ ) fre% e>?1 )\t detrim5t to ! se$s4 ,s[ at any "t ( ! ye>1 9 #dh-siz$ pots fill$ ) r firm soil2 & z ! se$l+s /raggle ?r\gh & %[ two pairs ( leaves1 pot !m (f s+ly1 & give ! %elt] ( a close pit or frame until !y become e/abli%$4 ,!y mu/ n be all[$ to suff] = lack ( wat]1 b !re is no necessity to give !m manure wat] at any /age ( gr[?4 ,an occasional re-pott+ is ! only o!r att5tion !y w require until !y rea* ! f9al size1 & ! pots ne$ n !n be l>ge4 ,,hollyhock ,al?a rosea4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,g5]ations ( unnatural treatm5t _h s debilitat$ ! ,hollyhock t disease ?reat5$ to bani% x f our g>d5s4 ,j at ! critical "t x 0 discov]$ t ! plant c\ld be gr[n & satisfactorily fl[]$ f se$4 ,flori/s at once turn$ _! att5tion to ! production ( se$ wor? gr[+1 & ) m>k$ success4 ,! be/ /ra9s may n[ be reli$ on to produce a l>ge proportion ( p]fectly =m$ d\ble fl[]s1 impos+ 9 size1 col\r1 & sub/ance4 ,! se$l+s also possess a con/itution capable ( )/&+ ! deadly ,pucc9ia malvace>um1 & !re is no long] a dang] t ?is /ately plant w become m]ely "o ( ! pleasures ( memory4 ,9 gr[+ ! ,hollyhock x is necess>y to rememb] t a l>ge am\nt ( vegetable tissue has to be produc$ )9 a brief p]iod1 s t ! treatm5t ?r\gh\t its c>e] %\ld be exceptionally lib]al4 ,"s g>d5]s are successful 9 fl[]+ ,hollyhocks z annuals4 ,:]e ?is c\rse is adopt$ x is usual to s[ 9 ,janu>y 9 well-dra9$ pots or se$-pans fill$ ) ri* soil freely mix$ ) s&1 cov]+ ! se$ ) a slight du/+ ( f9e e>?4 ,a temp]ature ( #fe or #gj is necess>y1 & 9 ab\t a =tnight ! plants %\ld atta9 a height ( "o in*1 :5 !y w be ready = prick+ (f r\nd ! edges ( #d-a_/b-;in* pots1 fill$ ) a good por\s compo/4 ,put ! se$l+s 9 s t ! fir/ leaves j t\* ! surface4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ,m>* transf] s+ly to ?umb pots1 & imm$iately ! roots take hold remove to pits or frames1 :]e !y c be expos$ to g5ial %[]s & be gradually h>d5$4 ,def] ! plant+ out until ! wea!r is q w>m & settl$4 ,! %rubb]y bord] is ! natural position = ! ,hollyhock1 b ! regul> occupants keep ! soil poor1 & = su* a rapid-gr[+ plant z we are n[ consid]+ !re is obvi\sly all ! great] ne$ = deep digg+ & lib]al manur+4 ,if put out dur+ dry wea!r1 complete ! op]ation ) a soak+ ( wat]1 & repeat ?is twice a week until ra9 falls4 ,give ea* plant a cle> space ( ?ree or f\r feet to af=d easy access = /ak+ & wat]+4 ,by midsumm] (f%oots w beg9 to pu% ?r\gh ! soil4 ,! removal ( ^! w ?r[ all ! /r5g? ( ! plant into "o /em4 ,to insure its safety a /rong /ake w be requir$1 :i* %\ld be firmly driv5 into ! gr\nd1 & rise six or sev5 feet above x4 ,9 case ( an accid5t at any "t to ! c5tral /em ! hope ( fl[]s = t ye> is gone1 & x is !re=e wor? "s pa9s to prev5t a mi%ap4 ,! ty+ mu/ be done ) judgm5t1 & z ! plants increase 9 size an occasional inspection w save ! /ems f be+ cut4 ,sev]al in*es ( half-decay$ c[-manure plac$ r\nd ! /ems1 ) a sauc]-l holl[ 9 ! c5tre to reta9 wat]1 w be helpful to ! roots1 & if ! fl[]s are int5d$ = exhibition1 ! treatm5t c sc>cely be too g5]\s4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 easy to gr[ & fl[] ,hollyhocks )\t ! aid ( artificial heat4 ,on a s\? bord] 9 ,june prep>e drills ab\t two in*es deep & a foot ap>t4 ,place an in* ( ri* sift$ soil 9 ea* drill1 & ^u ?is s[ ! se$ v ?9ly1 cov]+ x ab\t a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,if ! wea!r be dry1 give a g5tle soak+ ( wat]1 & f9i% ) a du/+ ( soot to prev5t v]m9 f eat+ ! se$l+s4 ,?9 ! plants to six in*es ap>t1 & !y may rema9 9 ! se$-r[s until ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,:e!r !y are !n transplant$ /raight to bloom+ qu>t]s1 or put into a cold frame = ! w9t]1 dep5ds on soil & climate4 ,9 ! s\!rn c\nties1 & on light l&1 x w g5]ally be safe to w9t] ,hollyhocks 9 ! op51 ) m]ely a %elt] ( dry f]n or litt]4 ,b 9 heavy loam or clay ! risk is too great1 & ! cold frame mu/ be resort$ to4 ,9 ?is !y w be secure1 & c be v5tilat$ z wea!r p]mits4 ,z ! season advances give m air1 until !y are plant$ out 9 ,may4 ,se$ may also be s[n 9 pans 9 ,july or ,augu/1 ! se$l+s be+ transf]r$ 9 due c\rse to pots = ! w9t]4 ,! protection ( a frame w suffice1 provid$ t fro/ is kept away1 & ! plants may be put out 9 spr+ z already advis$4 ,,impati5s ,sultan's ,balsam4 ,t5d] p]5nial ,e>ly s[+ %\ld be avoid$ = two reasons4 ,! se$ g]m9ates b sl[ly 9 dull wea!r1 & ! se$l+s :5 rais$ are almo/ c]ta9 to damp (f4 ,we d n advise a />t be=e ,m>*1 & n until ,april unless a /eady heat ( #fj or #fe c be ma9ta9$4 ,s[ 9 well-dra9$ pots1 fill$ ) soil compos$ ( two p>ts ( turfy loam & "o "p ( leaf-soil1 ) v little s& add$4 ,! se$l+s are exce$+ly brittle at ! outset1 & re-pott+ %\ld n be attempt$ until !y are ab\t an in* high4 ,ev5 !n !y ne$ delicate h&l+1 & aft] ! task is accompli%$ !y %\ld be promptly plac$ 9 a w>m frame or propagat+ pit = a few days4 ,9 ,june or ,july ! plants %\ld rea* #dh-siz$ pots1 b !y mu/ n be transf]r$ to ! cons]vatory )\t c>eful h>d5+1 or ! :ole ( ! fl[]s w fall4 ,i4 ,hol/ii also succe$s well :5 b$d$ out 9 summ] 9 ! same mann] z ,begonias4 ,,jacobea--see ,,s5ecio ,,ko*ia ,,tri*ophylla ,half-h>dy annual ,?is rem>kable v>iety ( ,k4 scop>ia is a m9iature annual %rub1 :i* is also kn[n z ,summ] ,cypress1 or ,belvid]e4 ,x is s+ul>ly attractive1 ( rapid gr[? & graceful habit4 ,9 a v brief "t ! f9ely cut foliage =ms a compact cyl9drical plant1 beautifully dom$ at ! top1 & ! t5d] gre5 *anges to a ri* russet-crimson 9 autumn4 ,se$ may be s[n 9 slight heat dur+ ,febru>y or ,m>* to provide e>ly plants = pots1 or = sett+ out 9 ! op5 imm$iately ! b$d+ season comm5ces4 ,x is important n to cr[d ! se$l+s1 & e precaution %\ld be tak5 to prev5t !m f becom+ ?91 leggy1 or want+ 9 symmetry4 ,ea* plant mu/ be all[$ suffici5t space to develop equally all r\nd4 ,an ,april s[+ c be made 9 ! op5 :]e ! plants are int5d$ to rema91 & beyond regul> ?9n+ !y w give v little tr\ble4 ,z a conspicu\s dot plant 9 b$s ?is ,ko*ia is extremely useful1 or x c be mass$ 9 bord]s1 & x also =ms an admirable divid+ l9e 9 ! fl[] g>d54 ,= ! decoration ( cons]vatories a numb] %\ld be specially res]v$4 ,specim5s may be employ$ ) /rik+ effect on flights ( /eps1 9 halls1 & _m o!r positions :]e a plant ( p]fect outl9e w s]ve z an ornam5t4 ,height1 #b to #c feet4 ,,l>kspur ,h>dy annual ,! cultivation ( ! annual ,delph9iums1 m famili>ly kn[n z ,l>kspurs1 is s simple 9 "* t x calls = little comm5t4 ,b ^! h&some subjects are s widely gr[n1 & s greatly appreciat$1 t !y are fully des]v+ ( special m5tion "h4 ,! tall] v>ieties1 ( :i* ! ,/ock-fl[]$ /ra9 is ! mo/ popul>1 are be/ gr[n 9 l>ge b$s1 bord]s & %rubb]ies1 & ! dw>f] k9ds 9 small b$s4 ,ap>t f _! usefulness 9 ! g>d51 h[ev]1 ! tall] sorts ( ,l>kspur are mu* 9 reque/ = provid+ cut mat]ial1 p>ticul>ly = ! decoration ( ! d9n]-table1 & a numb] ( plants %\ld always be gr[n 9 res]ve = ?is purpose4 ,x is usual to put 9 ! se$ :]e ! plants are int5d$ to /&1 & ,m>* & ,april are ! be/ mon?s = s[+4 ,?9 out ! se$l+s promptly1 & give ea* plant ample room = developm5t1 especially :5 gr[n on good gr\nd4 ,l>kspurs may also be s[n 9 ,septemb] = produc+ an e>li] display 9 ! foll[+ ye> ?an is possible f spr+-s[n se$4 ,,lavat]a ,mall[4 ,h>dy annual & h>dy p]5nial ,c\ntryside g>d5s owe n a little ( _! floral brightness to ! ,mall[s4 ,! mod]n v>ieties ( ,lavat]a1 h[ev]1 f> surpass 9 effectiv5ess ! fl[]s commonly met ) & are reg>d$ z among ! f9e/ subjects = creat+ an impos+ display 9 tall bord]s & l>ge b$s4 ,= ?is purpose ! annual v>ieties1 ,lovel9ess1 ,rosea spl5d5s1 & ,alba spl5d5s1 are ! mo/ popul>4 ,z transplant+ is n to be dep5d$ ^u1 se$ %\ld be s[n ?9ly 9 ,m>*1 ,april or ,may :]e ! plants are want$ to fl[]4 ,if ! gr\nd has be5 g5]\sly prep>$ f9e specim5s w result1 & ea* plant %\ld be all[$ a spac+ ( at lea/ two feet = developm5t4 ,! p]5nial v>iety1 ,l4 ,olbia1 makes a bold subject = h]bace\s bord]s & %rubb]ies4 ,se$ may be s[n 9 pans any "t f ,m>* to ,augu/1 putt+ out ! plants :5 l>ge en\gh = fl[]+ 9 ! foll[+ season4 ,small plants ( ?is v>iety may ) advantage be pott$ = cons]vatory decoration4 ,,lobelia ,annual & p]5nial2 half-h>dy ,!re are sev]al di/9ct classes ( ,lobelia1 diff]+ mat]ially 9 height & habit4 ,= dw>f b$s or edg+s ! compact v>ieties %\ld alone be us$4 ,^! gr[ f f\r to six in*es high1 & =m d5se balls ( fl[]s4 ,! spread+ or gracilis class1 includ+ ,l4 speciosa & ,l4 ,paxtoniana1 is 9 des]v$ repute = positions :i* d n dem& an exact limit to ! l9e ( col\r+4 ,! plants also %[ to advantage 9 susp5d$ baskets1 w9d[ boxes1 ru/ic "w1 vases1 & any position :]e an appe>ance ( graceful neglig5ce is aim$ at4 ,! ramosa section gr[s f n9e to twelve in*es high1 & produces mu* l>g] fl[]s ?an ! classes previ\sly nam$4 ,all ! =ego+ c be treat$ z annuals2 & f s[+s1 made 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* plants may be rais$ 9 good "t = b$d+ out 9 ,may4 ,use s&y soil1 & place ! se$-pans 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #fj1 tak+ c>e to keep !m moi/4 ,by ! end ( ,m>* or beg9n+ ( ,april ! se$l+s w be ready = transf]r+ to pots1 pans1 or boxes4 ,! la/ nam$ are v s]viceable = ?is fl[]1 = !y af=d opportunity ( giv+ ! se$l+s suffici5t space to produce a tufty habit ( gr[?4 ,a g5tle heat w />t !m1 & !y w give no tr\ble aft]w>ds1 except on "o po9t1 :i* happ5s to be ( consid]able importance4 ,x is t ! plants %\ld nev] be all[$ to produce a fl[] :ile 9 pots or boxes4 ,pick (f e bud until !y are 9 f9al positions1 & !n1 hav+ tak5 hold ( ! soil1 !y w bloom pr(usely until ! end ( ! season4 ,lobelias make elegant pot plants1 yet1 ) ! exception ( ! ramosa v>ieties :i* are excell5t = ! purpose1 !y _c be gr[n satisfactorily 9 pots4 ,! difficulty is easily surm\nt$ by putt+ !m out a foot ap>t 9 a good op5 position1 & if possible 9 a r /iff soil4 ,:5 !y h develop$ into f9e clumps lift !m ) c>e & place !m 9 pots1 avoid+ injury to ! roots4 ,?is me?od w produce a display ( col\r :i* _c be atta9$ by exclusive pot culture4 ,f ! be/ /ra9s ( se$ x is possible t a few plants may rev]t to long-lo/ *>act]s4 ,flori/s are /riv+ to obviate ?is1 b x w require "t4 ,mean:ile !re are two ways ( deal+ ) ! difficulty4 ,"s gr[]s pref] to raise plants f se$1 & take cutt+s f approv$ specim5s = ! next season4 ,?is plan insures exactitude 9 height & col\r1 ) almo/ ! robu/ gr[? & free-fl[]+ qualities ( se$l+s4 ,b x necessitates hold+ a /ock ?r\gh ! w9t]1 & ?is may be a s]i\s matt] to _m4 ,! simpl] proce$+1 & "o :i* answ]s well 9 practice1 is to raise se$l+s annually & to remove f ! pans or boxes any plants :i* %[ ! lea/ deviation f ! true type4 ,a few kept z a res]ve w replace faulty specim5s :i* may be detect$ aft] plant+ out4 ,! h&some p]5nial section ( ,lobelias obta9s less att5tion ?an x des]ves1 especially z ! mo/ ord9>y r\t9e culture w suffice = ^! plants4 ,!y are p>tial to moi/ure1 & also to a deep ri* loam4 ,a s[+ on mod]ate heat 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* w secure plants fit = b$d+ out 9 ,may4 ,!y may also be gr[n entirely )\t ! aid ( artificial heat f s[+s 9 ,june or ,july4 ,employ pots or se$-pans1 & pot (f s+ly imm$iately ! plants are l>ge en\gh to h&le4 ,! protection ( a cold frame or h&-light is all t is necess>y dur+ w9t]1 & ! plant+ out may be done 9 ,may4 ,^! ,lobelias rea* two feet 9 height1 & make excell5t companions to su* fl[]s z ,anemone japonica alba & ,hyac9?us c&icans4 ,! d>k metallic foliage & dazzl+ sc>let fl[]s also h an impos+ effect z ! back r[ ( a ribbon bord]4 ,,lup9us ,lup9e4 ,h>dy annual & h>dy p]5nial ,bo? ! annual & ! p]5nial ,lup9es are extremely valuable = g>d5 decoration & = supply+ an abundance ( cut blooms4 ,ea* class includes a numb] ( *>m+ col\rs & _m ( ! fl[]s are delightfully sc5t$4 ,n ! lea/ ( _! m]its is ! fact t ,lup9es are n p>ticul> z to soil2 inde$1 ! annual sorts w (t5 ?rive on gr\nd t is too poor = o!r & m fa/idi\s subjects4 ,! annual v>ieties %\ld be s[n :]e int5d$ to fl[]1 z !y d n transplant well4 ,s[ ! se$ 9 ,m>*1 ,april1 or ,may1 & subsequ5tly all[ ea* specim5 a space ( ab\t eighte5 in*es = developm5t4 ,l4 polyphyllus is a valuable race ( p]5nial ,lup9es :i*1 f a s[+ made 9 ,m>* or ,april & treat$ z annuals1 w produce a f9e %[ 9 ! foll[+ autumn4 ,9 ord] to insure a display e>li] 9 ! season1 h[ev]1 _m gr[]s ( ^! fl[]s pref] to s[ 9 ,june & ,july ( ! prec$+ ye>4 ,two v>ieties ( ,l4 arboreus =m l>ge bu%es :i* are di/9ctly ornam5tal :5 9 full bloom4 ,! se$ %\ld be s[n 9 ,june or ,july & ! se$l+s transplant$ to fl[]+ positions be=e !y become v l>ge4 ,,m>igold ,tagetes4 ,half-h>dy annual ,m>igolds ( sev]al classes are valu$ = ! pr(use display ( _! gold5 fl[]s 9 ! lat] summ] mon?s4 ,! *oice/ are ! s-call$ ,fr5*1 or ,tagetes patula1 :i* h ri*ly col\r$ fl[]s1 & "s ( ! v>ieties are beautifully /rip$4 ,= _! high quality ^! ,m>igolds are judg$ by ! flori/s' /&>ds4 ,! ,african1 or ,tagetes erecta1 make l>ge bu%y plants ) fl[]s #8pil$ high' 9 ! c5tre2 ! col\rs are int5se orange & yell[4 9 v>i\s %ades4 ,! b$d+ section is repres5t$ by ! dw>f v>ieties ( ,tagetes patula1 or ,dw>f ,fr5* ,m>igolds2 also by ,tagetes signata1 a v neat plant ) f9e foliage & r small orange-col\r$ fl[]s1 produc$ 9 great abundance4 ,9 hot seasons & on dry soils ?is proves an admirable sub/itute = ! ,calceol>ia1 :i* does n ?rive :5 %ort ( food1 :]eas ! ,tagetes be>s dr\ght1 ! %ade ( trees1 & a poor soil ) pati5ce1 & up to a c]ta9 po9t ) advantage4 ,s[ all ^! 9 ,m>* 9 a mod]ate heat1 & prick ! plants out 9 ! usual way1 tak+ c>e f9ally to allot !m sunny positions4 ,se$ may also be s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd at ! end ( ,april or e>ly 9 ,may4 ,! section ( ,pot ,m>igolds1 ,cal5dula (fic9alis1 includes two rem>kably h&some v>ieties1 ,orange ,k+ & ,lemon ,que52 ! fl[]s ( bo? are l>ge1 d\ble1 p]fectly =m$1 & are wor? a place 9 ! *oice/ g>d54 ,^! may be s[n on ! op5 bord] 9 ,m>*1 ,april1 & ,may1 & ! be/ place = !m is 9 ! full sun on a r dry poor soil1 b !y are n p>ticul>1 provid$ !y are n mu* %ad$4 ,,m>vel ,,( ,,p]u ,mirabilis ,jalapa4 ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,?is fl[] may be treat$ ei!r z an annual or z a bi5nial4 ,z an annual ! plants are v compact & effective1 ! leaves & fl[]s =m+ r\nd glitt]+ masses 9 ! late summ] & autumn mon?s4 ,:5 ! roots are sav$ ?r\gh ! w9t] & plant$ out 9 ,april l>g] plants are obta9$1 b !re is no advance 9 quality ov] ! v neat & sp>kl+ specim5s rais$ f se$ 9 spr+4 ,s[ 9 heat 9 ,m>* & ,april1 & treat 9 ! same mann] z ,balsams until ! "t arrives = plant+ out4 ,a ri* s&y loam suits !m1 & !y l full exposure to sun%9e4 ,,mignonette ,res$a odorata4 ,h>dy annual ,mignonette is s mu* priz$ t we mu/ devote to x a p>agraph1 al?\gh !re is little to be said4 ,9 _m g>d5s plants appe> ye> aft] ye> f self-s[n se$s1 & x w !re=e be evid5t t ,mignonette may be gr[n ) ! utmo/ simplicity4 ,z a bord] plant we h b to s[ :]e x is to rema91 at diff]5t times f ,m>* to midsumm]2 ! "o important po9t is to make ! b$ v firm2 9 fact ! soil %\ld be trodd5 h>d4 ,x is imp]ative to ?9 e>ly & sev]ely1 = any "o plant left alone w soon be a foot 9 diamet]1 & 9 "s circum/ances cov] a mu* l>g] area4 ,:]e bees are kept & space c be af=d$1 se$ %\ld be s[n 9 quantity1 = ,mignonette honey is ( ! f9e/ quality 9 flav\r & fragrance4 ,9 pot culture x %\ld be rememb]$ t ,mignonette does n transplant well2 !re=e1 hav+ s[n1 say1 a doz5 se$s 9 ea* ( a bat* ( #dh-or #cb-siz$ pots1 firmly fill$ ) ri* por\s soil to :i* a little lime or mort> rubble has be5 add$1 ! "y plants mu/ be ?9n$ d[n to five1 or ev5 ?ree1 9 ea* pot1 z soon z !y beg9 to gr[ freely4 ,if small plants are want$ e>ly1 leave five 9 a pot2 if l>g] specim5s are want$ lat]1 leave only ?ree1 or ev5 only "o4 ,= w9t] & spr+1 s[ 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb] & keep !m z h>dy z possible until x becomes necess>y to put !m "u glass = ! w9t]4 ,a fur!r s[+ = succession may be made 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y4 ,sev]al /ra9s ( diff]5t t9ts are n[ at ! comm& ( cultivators ( ?is fav\rite fl[]4 ,,mimulus ,monkey ,fl[]4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,?is fl[] w gr[ 9 almo/ any soil1 al?\gh a moi/ ret5tive loam & a %ady situation are be/ adapt$ = x4 ,!re are _m v>ieties1 diff]+ 9 height1 & all are wor? gr[+1 bo? 9 pots & bord]s4 ,if s[n 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 & treat$ z gre5h\se annuals1 !y w fl[] 9 ! fir/ ye>4 ,x is easy to raise a l>ge numb] ( plants 9 a cold frame1 & !y make a ri* display 9 bord]s & b$s lat] 9 ! ye>4 ,s[+s 9 ! op5 gr\nd dur+ summ] w supply plants = bloom+ 9 ! foll[+ season1 b ! mo/ satisfactory c\rse is to gr[ !m z annuals1 & at ! end ( ! summ] consign !m to ! wa/e heap4 ,! ,mimulus is q h>dy1 & ! mo/ ord9>y c>e w suffice = x4 ,wat] 9 pl5ty x mu/ h1 or ! fl[]+ p]iod w be curtail$4 ,! well-kn[n ,musk is a ,mimulus 7,m4 mos*atus71 & is z easily gr[n f se$ z o!r v>ieties4 ,x makes a valuable pot plant4 ,,myosotis ,=get-me-n4 ,p]5nials1 h>dy & half-h>dy ,,at "o "t an impression prevail$ t all ! v>ieties ( ,myosotis 7 semi-aquatic1 & c\ld only be gr[n satisfactorily 9 v damp %ady places4 ,& x is q true t mo/ ( !m bloom = a long] p]iod 9 a moi/ ?an 9 a dry soil4 ,/ill1 !y all fl[] freely1 & la/ a consid]able "t 9 any g>d5 bord]4 ,! only half-h>dy v>iety t ne$ be ref]r$ to is ,sutton's ,pot ,myosotis1 :i* is a delightful subject = fl[]+ indoors at ,*ri/mas "t2 & z ,=get-me-nots are ev]y:]e welcome1 ! practice ( gr[+ plants 9 pots is rapidly increas+4 ,se$ %\ld be s[n 9 a cold frame 9 ,june1 & ! se$l+s c be pott$ on z requir$1 tak+ c>e f ! comm5cem5t to avoid cr[d+ z a precaution aga9/ mildew1 to :i* ! plants are v liable4 ,! /ra9 ref]r$ to produces f9e free-gr[+ specim5 plants1 & a bat* %\ld always be 9 res]ve = cutt+4 ,= table decoration 9 w9t] ,=get-me-nots are v tell+4 ,all ! h>dy v>ieties may be s[n f ,may to ,july = a brilliant display 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,! se$ %\ld be put into a prep>$ se$-b$ "u ! %elt] ( a wall or h$ge2 & 9 autumn ! plants mu/ be transf]r$ to bloom+ qu>t]s at ! e>lie/ opportunity4 ,myosotis make an extremely effective gr\ndwork = spr+ bulbs1 = :i* purpose ,m4 dissitiflora is ! mo/ valuable4 ,,na/urtium--see ,,trop,,olum ,,nemesia ,,/rumosa ,,suttoni ,half-h>dy annual ,,?is beautiful ,s\? ,african annual is rem>kable = its florif]\s "*1 long duration ( bloom1 & div]sity ( col\r4 ,s9ce we introduc$ x to ?is c\ntry 9 #ahhh x has atta9$ great popul>ity z a pot plant = table decoration1 & "s ( ! mo/ respl5d5t b$d+ effects 9 public p>ks & g>d5s h be5 secur$ ) ?is fl[]4 ,= an e>ly %[ ( bloom s[ 9 pots or pans 9 ,m>* "u glass1 us+ a compo/ consi/+ l>gely ( good fibr\s loam1 ) ! addition ( a small proportion ( wood a%es4 ,no m heat ?an necess>y %\ld be us$1 & :5 ! se$l+s are l>ge en\gh to h&le prick !m (f & gradually h>d5 = plant+ out 9 ,may4 ,o!r s[+s may be made 9 ,may & ,june1 & at ?is p]iod ( ! ye> ! se$ g]m9ates mo/ quickly 9 boxes plac$ 9 a cool %ady spot out ( doors4 ,9 e>ly summ] se$ may also be s[n 9 ! op5 bord]1 & by ?9n+ to a di/ance ( six or eight in*es /urdy plants w be secur$1 :i* w rema9 9 bloom until q late 9 autumn4 ,= w9t] & e>ly spr+ fl[]+ 9 pots se$ %\ld be s[n 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]4 ,!re mu/ be no attempt at =c+1 or att5uat$ wor?less plants w result4 ,a fur!r s[+ may be made 9 ,janu>y = bloom+ 9 ! lat] spr+ mon?s4 ,l ! se$ ( ,v]b5a1 ,furze1 & "s o!r subjects1 ! g]m9ation ( ,nemesia "u artificial conditions is some:at caprici\s1 b no difficulty w be exp]i5c$ ) op5-air s[+s4 ,,nicotiana ,tobacco4 ,half-h>dy annual ,! delici\s fragrance ( ! ,tobacco plant1 especially dur+ ! morn+ & ev5+1 has made x a great fav\rite 9 ! gre5h\se & cons]vatory1 z well z 9 b$s & bord]s ne> frequ5t$ pa?s4 ,z a pot plant too1 ! ,nicotiana is exce$+ly useful1 ! l>ge sweet-sc5t$ :ite1 s(t p9k1 & ri* r$ col\r$ fl[]s be+ v attractive4 ,a gr\p ( plants plac$ 9 ! por* w1 9 ! e>li] & lat] h\rs ( ! day1 z ! door is op5$1 fill ! h\se ) _! delightful p]fume4 ,se$ may be s[n f ,janu>y to ,june1 & a cont9uance ( bloom may ?us be secur$ dur+ ne>ly n9e mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,prick (f ! se$l+s z soon z !y are fit to h&le1 = if s[n too ?ickly !y are liable to damp (f rapidly4 ,gradually h>d5 (f if requir$ = plant+ out 9 ,may or ,june4 ,9 "s places1 m especially 9 ! ,s\? ( ,engl&1 ,tobacco se$ s[n on an op5 sunny bord] e>ly 9 ,may w produce f9e plants t w fl[] freely 9 ,augu/4 ,,pansy ,viola tricolor4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,! popul>ity ( ?is fl[] has be5 greatly ext5d$ & ! culture simplifi$ s9ce x became ! practice to raise ! requir$ numb] ( plants e ye> f se$4 ,= all ord9>y purposes ! tr\ble ( /rik+ cutt+s & keep+ /ocks 9 pots ?r\gh ! w9t] is m]e wa/e ( lab\r & pit-room4 ,! ,pansy is a little fa/idi\s1 b n sev]ely s4 ,x ?rives 9 a cool climate1 ) p>tial %ade 9 high summ]1 & 9 a ri*1 moi/1 s&y soil4 ,not)/&+ all ?is1 ! ,pansy w gr[ almo/ any:]e & anyh[2 b z f9e fl[]s ( ?is old fav\rite are highly priz$1 ! plant %\ld be treat$ ) reasonable c>e to d ju/ice to its great m]its4 ,a ?ick s[+ is v liable to damp (f3 !re=e s[ ?9ly1 ei!r 9 pots or boxes1 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*4 ,! ?9 s[+1 moreov]1 r5d]s x possible to take out ! =w>d plants )\t di/urb+ ! rema9d]4 ,9 due c\rse transplant into pans or boxes ( good soil1 & place 9 "s cool spot :]e ! plants may gradually h>d5 (f4 ,:5 !y h become /ocky1 remove to b$s or bord]s1 ) balls ( e>? atta*$ to ! roots4 ,%\ld ! surr\nd+ soil become set by heavy ra9 or by wat]+1 a slight /irr+ ( ! surface w prove b5eficial4 ,se$ s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd dur+ ! summ] mon?s w readily g]m9ate1 & ! se$l+s ne$ no att5tion beyond ?9n+ to ab\t six in*es ap>t until !y are ready = transf]r+ to _! prop] positions1 :]e !y w produce a mass ( bloom 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,! ,pansy puts =? its buds v e>ly 9 ! ye>4 ,:e!r !y are p>ticul>ly ta/y1 or ! sc>city ( "y vegetable gr[? gives !m undue prom95ce1 we "k n1 b c]ta9 x is t sp>r[s %[ a m>k$ p>tiality = !m4 ,& hav+ once acquir$ a ta/e = ! buds1 ^! impud5t m>aud]s w n leave !m alone2 !y evid5tly reg>d ,pansies z ! p]fection ( a w9t] salad4 ,_! depr$ations c be prev5t$ by an application ( wat] flav\r$ ) quassia or p>aff9 oil1 :i* mu/ be repeat$ aft] ra94 ,,pel>gonium ,gre5h\se p]5nial ,all k9ds ( ,pel>gonium may be rais$ f se$ ) ! c]ta9ty ( giv+ satisfaction if ! "w be well done4 ,an amateur1 :o contribut$ to ! production ( symmetrical fl[]s 9 ! ,zonal section1 f\nd t "u ord9>y treatm5t ,zonals began to bloom 9 "o hundr$ days f ! date ( s[+ ! se$1 & "s ( ^? t fl[]$ e>lie/ prov$ to be ! f9e/4 ,! cultivator w soon discov] t "o rule is important1 & t is to s[ se$ sav$ f really good /ra9s4 ,! simple/ gre5h\se culture suffices to raise ,pel>goniums f se$4 ,"s gr[]s s[ 9 ,july or ,augu/2 o!rs 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y4 ,! summ] s[+ necessitates c>eful w9t] keep+1 & ! fl[]s appe> e>li] ?an ^? f spr+-s[n se$4 ,b ! spr+ s[+ is ! easi] to manage1 & is recomm5d$ to all beg9n]s4 ,any light1 s&y loam w s]ve = ^! plants1 & x is well to fl[] ! pr9cipal bulk ( !m 9 #dh-;& #cb-siz$ pots1 = if gr[n to a great size ! date ( fl[]+ is def]r$ )\t any correspond+ advantage4 ,,p5t/emon ,h>dy p]5nial ,p5/emons :5 gr[n z half-h>dy annuals are a valuable addition to b$s & bord]s1 :]e !y produce a brilliant effect 9 summ]4 ,9 bord]s x is n advisable to plant s+ly1 b !y %\ld be employ$ 9 gr\ps ( n less ?an "o doz54 ,x is also important to s[ a /ra9 consi/+ pr9cipally ( sc>let & p9k %ades ) :ite m>k+s1 z well z :ite fl[]s2 "u fair conditions !re w be a pr(usion ( ri*ly col\r$ blooms on /ately spikes ab\t two feet high4 ,s[ 9 heat dur+ ,febru>y or ,m>* & plant out 9 g5ial wea!r4 ,x is n necess>y to keep !m aft] fl[]+ has f9i%$1 al?\gh se$l+ ,p5t/emons on comp>atively dry soil 9 fav\rable di/ricts sc>cely feel ! w9t]4 ,se$ may also be s[n 9 ,june1 9 ! mann] usual ) h>dy p]5nials1 & ! plants w bloom 9 advance ( ^? :i* are spr+-s[n4 ,,petunia ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,! ,petunia af=ds ano!r example ( ! imm5se /rides accompli%$ 9 ! art ( se$-sav+4 ,=m]ly ! col\rs 7 few1 & ! blossoms comp>atively insignificant4 ,n[ ! s+le /ra9s produce l>ge fl[]s1 beautiful 9 =m1 includ+ self col\rs & o!rs :i* are /rip$1 blot*$1 & ve9$1 9 almo/ endless div]sity4 ,"s are pla9-edg$1 o!rs elegantly fr+$4 ,! d\ble v>ieties also come s ne>ly true to _! types t !re is little necessity = keep+ a /ock ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,plants rais$ f se$ ( ! l>ge-fl[]$ /ra9 embrace a wide range ( respl5d5t col\rs1 & ! d\bles are p]fect rosettes1 exquisitely f9i%$ 9 =m & m>k+4 ,! only way ( obta9+ d\ble se$l+s is to save se$ f ! f9e/ s+le blooms f]tilis$ ) poll5 ( good d\ble fl[]s4 ,plants rais$ f su* se$ may be reli$ on to produce a fair proportion ( d\ble fl[]s ( great beauty1 & ^? :i* come s+le w be ( ! l>ge-fl[]$ type4 ,! dw>f v>ieties atta9 ! height ( five to eight in*es only1 & make admirable edg+ & b$d+ plants4 ,! tall] /ra9s range f "o to two feet1 & are h&some subjects = bord] & %rubb]y "w4 ,bo? dw>f & tall sections are suffici5tly brilliant & free-fl[]+ to produce a beautiful display z pot plants 9 ! gre5h\se & cons]vatory4 ,= indoor decoration1 ! ?ird week 9 ,janu>y w be e>ly en\gh to comm5ce op]ations4 ,two p>ts ( leaf-m\ld1 "o ( loam1 & "o ( %>p s&1 make an excell5t soil = !m4 ,fill ! pots or se$-pans )9 half an in* ( ! rim1 & press ! soil firmly d[n4 ,s[ ?9ly on an ev5 surface1 & cov] ! se$ ) almo/ pure s&4 ,keep ! pots or pans uni=mly moi/ ) a f9e rose & a light h&1 & 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #fj4 ,great] heat w r5d] ! se$l+s weak & /raggl+4 ,f ?is condition x w take "s skill & mu* "t to r$eem !m2 inde$1 !y may n produce a good display ( fl[]s until ! season is well-nigh ov]4 ,j z ! se$ is g]m9at+ is a critical "t = ,petunias1 & a little extra wat*fulness !n w be fully repaid4 ,9 ,febru>y ! sun has n suffici5t p[] to d mis*ief1 s t %ad+ is g5]ally unnecess>y4 ,an ev5 temp]ature & fre$om f draughts %\ld insure se$l+s /rong en\gh to prick (f by ! end ( t mon?4 ,put ! plants into se$-pans ab\t an in* ap>t1 s t ! fir/ leaves j t\* ! soil1 /ill us+ a light compo/4 ,9 ,april !y %\ld be ready = transf]r+ to small #fj-pots4 ,subsequ5tly !y mu/ be pott$ on z gr[? dem&s1 until !y rea* ! #dh-or ev5 ! #cb-size4 ,aft] re-pott+ place ! plants 9 a %elt]$ "p ( ! h\se or frame1 :]e %ade c1 if necess>y1 be giv5 until ! roots are e/abli%$4 ,frequ5t spr9kl+s ( wat]1 & a temp]ature ( #fj or #fe1 w give !m a vigor\s />t4 ,! lights ought to be put d[n 9 good "t 9 ! ev5+1 b ?is mu/ be done ) judgm5t1 or ! plants w lose _! heal?y col\r & assume a yell[i% t+e4 ,insuffici5t dra9age has a precisely simil> effect4 ,9 ab\t t5 days air may be giv5 m freely1 & !n no suitable opportunity ( exposure %\ld be lo/4 ,9 rais+ ,petunias = b$d+1 ! same conditions are applicable2 b z x is useless to put !m into ! op5 gr\nd until ! wea!r is w>m & settl$1 ! s[+ ne$ n be made until ! end ( ,febru>y or ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*4 ,& = b$d+ !re is no occasion to put ! plants into l>g] pots ?an ! #fj-size4 ,x w be necess>y to give ^! se$l+s %ade 9 _! "y /ate1 aft] !y h be5 prick$ (f or pott$4 ,! b$s or bord]s int5d$ = ,petunias w be bett] )\t rec5t manure1 = ?is t5ds to ! excessive production ( foliage & def]s ! fl[]+ until late 9 ! season4 ,d n be tempt$ by ! fir/ sunny day to put !m out1 b wait = settl$ wea!r4 ,a cutt+ ea/ w9d1 su* z we sometimes h 9 ,may1 w ru9 !m irretrievably4 ,ea* plant ( ! tall class w occupy a space ( two feet1 & ! dw>fs may be "o foot ap>t4 ,9 pott+ ,petunias1 ^? :i* are weakly among ! s+les w probably produce ! mo/ valu$ col\rs1 & f se$ s[n = d\bles x may be accept$ z a rule t f ! feebl] se$l+s ! f9e/ rosette-%ap$ fl[]s may be expect$4 ,all ,petunias are impati5t ( be+ pot-b\nd1 & ?is applies especially to ! d\ble v>ieties4 ,!y w1 if treat$ g5]\sly1 d ample ju/ice to ! #h-or ev5 ! #aj-;in* size4 ,! gr[? %\ld n be hurri$ at any /age1 & if ! foliage has a d>k1 heal?y1 gre5 col\r1 free f blight1 !re w be magnific5t fl[]s f\r or five in*es across4 ,! f9al %ift %\ld be into a s\nd compo/1 consi/+1 if possible1 ( good loam & leaf-m\ld 9 equal p>ts1 ) suffici5t s& add$ to insure dra9age4 ,ab\t a =tnight lat] comm5ce giv+ weak manure wat] once a week in/ead ( ! ord9>y wat]+1 & z ! buds appe> x may be increas$ 9 /r5g?1 & be adm9i/]$ twice a week until ! fl[]s exp&4 ,petunias are accommodat+ 9 _! gr[?1 & may be tra9$ into v>i\s =ms4 ,! pyramid & fan-%ape are mo/ common1 & ! lea/ objectionable4 ,we confess1 h[ev]1 to a feel+ ( antipa?y to fanciful %apes 9 plants1 no matt] :at !y may be4 ,x is a necessity ( our artificial conditions ( culture t _m ( !m %\ld be tra9$ & ti$ to produce %apely specim5s1 b ! m ne>ly ! g>d5]'s art approa*es ,nature1 ! great] pleasure we d]ive f 8 lab\rs4 ,,phlox ,,drummondii ,half-h>dy annual ,^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ! old] =ms ( ?is annual might fail to recognise a fri5d "u its new & improv$ appe>ance4 ,!re are n[ sev]al beautiful types1 ea* possess+ *>act]i/ics ( its own1 & all produc+ fl[]s t are p]fect 9 =m & brilliant 9 col\r4 ,! l>ge-fl[]$ section produces spl5did b$d+ plants1 b ! dw>f compact v>ieties are also highly priz$ = effective mass+ & g5]al usefulness4 ,! latt] atta9 a height seldom exce$+ six in*es1 & are !re=e em95tly suitable = edg+s & bord]s1 z well z = b$d+4 ,!y bloom pr(usely = a long p]iod1 n only 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 b also z pot plants 9 ! gre5h\se or cons]vatory1 :]e !y are conspicu\s = ! ri*ness ( _! display4 ,= e>ly fl[]+ s[ se$ ( all ! v>ieties 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* 9 well-dra9$ pans or %all[ boxes4 ,any good sift$ soil1 made firm1 w suit !m1 & e se$ %\ld be sep>ately press$ 91 all[+ ab\t an in* betwe5 ea*2 !n cov] ) f9e soil4 ,?is w g5]ally give suffici5t space betwe5 ! plants to save prick+ (f2 b if ! gr[? becomes s /rong z to r5d] a transf] necess>y1 lift e alt]nate plant1 fill ! vacant spots ) soil1 & ^? left w h room to develop4 ,pot ! plants t are tak5 out1 give !m a />t 9 a frame1 & %ade f direct sun%9e4 ,phloxes %\ld n be coddl$2 ! be/ results are always obta9$ f /urdy plants :i* h be5 h>d5$ z f> z possible by free access ( air f _! e>lie/ /age ( gr[?4 ,?is does n imply t !y are to be rudely transf]r$ f protection to ! op5 air4 ,! *ange c easily be manag$ gradually until "s g5ial ev5+ makes x p]fectly safe to expose !m fully4 ,a space ( ab\t two feet ea* way is requir$ = ea* plant ( ! l>ge-fl[]$ class1 b a m mode/ all[ance ( n9e or twelve in*es w suffice = ! dw>f v>ieties4 ,be=e !y are put out ! plants mu/ be free f aphis2 if n1 fumigation %\ld be resort$ to once or twice until !re is a cle>ance ( ! pe/4 ,se$ ( ! annual ,phlox may also be s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,may1 & ! plants w fl[] abundantly f mid-,augu/ until fro/ de/roys !m4 ,! employm5t ( ,phlox z pot plants has already be5 allud$ to1 b special m5tion mu/ be made ( ,purity1 :i* is by f> ! mo/ valuable ( all ! v>ieties = bloom+ indoors4 ,! pure :ite fl[]s1 :i* are sweetly sc5t$1 may be produc$ at almo/ any p]iod ( ! ye>4 ,!y are1 p]haps1 m highly appreciat$ at ,ea/] ?an at any o!r "t1 & to insure a display at t season se$ %\ld be s[n 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,! plants w d well if gr[n on 9 a cold frame1 ! f9al %ift be+ into pots ( ! #dh-size4 ,:5 gr[n "u glass1 ,phlox %\ld be giv5 treatm5t z ne>ly h>dy z possible1 all t is necess>y 9 regulat+ temp]ature be+ ! exclusion ( fro/ f ! gre5h\se or frame4 ,,phlox1 ,,p]5nial ,h>dy p]5nial ,! se$ ( p]5nial ,phlox is v sl[ & erratic 9 g]m9at+1 & f a s[+ made 9 ,septemb] ! se$l+s may n appe> until ! foll[+ spr+4 ,se$ may also be s[n 9 ! fir/ week ( ,m>* 9 %all[ boxes1 & put into mod]ate heat4 ,9 due "t prick out into boxes fill$ ) light ri* soil1 & hav+ h>d5$ !m 9 ! usual way1 plant out a foot ap>t 9 a good b$1 & help1 if ne$ful1 ) an occasional wat]+4 ,,picotee ,dian?us ,c>yophyllus fl4 pi4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,se$l+ ,picotees are extremely robu/ & free-fl[]+1 & se$ sav$ f ! be/ types w produce h&some specim5s4 ,! in/ructions = gr[+ ,c>nation--s[+ 9 pans f ,april to ,augu/ & transplant+ :5 l>ge en\gh--are equally applicable to ! ,picotee4 ,,p9k ,dian?us plum>ius4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,?is old ,engli% fl[] is valu$ 9 e g>d54 ,bo? ! d\ble & s+le v>ieties are easily rais$ f se$ & ! plants bloom ) ! greate/ fre$om4 ,se$ may be s[n any "t f ,april to ,augu/4 ,treat ! se$l+s 9 ! mann] advis$ = ,c>nations1 & 9 due c\rse transf] to op5 qu>t]s4 ,! foliage ma9ta9s its col\r dur+ ! sev]e/ w9t]1 & is !re=e wor? consid]ation = furni%+ ! bord]1 to say no?+ ( ! abundant display ( p]fum$ fl[]s :i* ! plants af=d 9 e>ly summ]4 ,,polyan?us ,primula 7v]is7 elatior4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,a s[+ 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* 9 pans w produce /rong specim5s = fl[]+ 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,or se$ may be s[n f ,may to ,july on a %ady bord]4 ,prick (f ! se$l+s :5 l>ge en\gh to h&le4 ,! plants %\ld nev] flag = want ( wat]1 & gre5 fly mu/ be kept d[n by syr++4 ,"s good solution w be necess>y aga9/ r$ spid] if ?r\gh />vation 9 a dry situation x has be5 p]mitt$ to ga9 a foot+4 ,all ! v>ieties c be gr[n 9 a b$ ) a cool %ad$ aspect4 ,!y d n require a ri* soil2 a /rong & fibr\s loam ) a little leaf-m\ld is suffici5t4 ,on pass+ out ( fl[] ! plants w split up into sev]al heads1 :5 !y may be sep>at$ & pott$ s+ly4 ,exquisite col\r effects c be creat$ by plant+ ,polyan?us 9 association ) b$s ( ,tulips = fl[]+ 9 ,april4 ,,poppy ,papav]4 ,h>dy annual & h>dy p]5nial ,! rec5t developm5ts ( ?is fl[] h br\ght x into great & des]v$ popul>ity1 & x may be safely affirm$ t few o!r subjects 9 our g>d5s af=d a m impos+ display ( brilliant col\r+ dur+ ! bloom+ p]iod4 ,! delicate beauty ( ! ,%irley ,poppies is alone suffici5t to create a reputation = ! entire class1 & ! huge fl[]s ( ! d\ble v>ieties make a gorge\s %[4 ,all ! v>ieties are em95tly adapt$ = enliv5+ %rubb]y bord]s & ! sides ( c>riage-drives4 ,se$s ( ,annual ,poppies %\ld be s[n :]e ! plants are int5d$ to fl[]1 because x is difficult to transplant ) any measure ( success4 ,dur+ ,m>* or ,april s[ 9 l9es or gr\ps1 & ?9 to ab\t a foot ap>t4 ,l>ge clumps ( "s ( ! bold] col\rs %\ld be s[n 9 spots t are visible f a di/ance1 & !y w pres5t gl[+ masses ( fl[]s4 ,by s[+ se$s ( ,p]5nial ,poppies 9 pans 9 ,m>*1 & putt+ out ! se$l+s :5 l>ge en\gh1 ! plants w fl[] ! same ye>4 ,! m g5]al practice1 h[ev]1 is to s[ v ?9ly on a well-prep>$ bord] any "t f ,may to ,augu/4 ,keep ! se$l+s free f we$s1 & ?9 out if necess>y4 ,! plants may be transf]r$ to p]man5t qu>t]s e>ly 9 autumn or 9 ! spr+ mon?s4 ,,portulaca ,purslane4 ,half-h>dy annual ,?is is a spl5did subject :5 ! wea!r fav\rs x4 ,9 a dry hot season1 & on a s&y soil1 ,portulacas c be gr[n z easily z ,cress4 ,s[+s are sometimes made e>ly 9 ! ye> 9 gre5h\ses or frames2 b z a rule x is a va9 attempt4 ,wait until ,may or ,june1 :5 ! wea!r appe>s settl$2 !n put ! se$ into ! op5 bord]1 & ! light] ! soil1 & ! hott] ! season1 ! m brilliant w be ! display ( fl[]s4 ,s[ on rais$ b$s1 9 r[s six or n9e in*es ap>t1 & cov] ! se$ ) s& or f9e e>?4 ,if ! plants appe> to be injuri\sly close !y mu/ be ?9n$4 ,%\ld a p]iod ( ra9 ensue1 ! rais$ b$s h a di/9ct advantage ov] a flat surface1 & r[s af=d opportunity = /irr+ ! soil & keep+ d[n we$s4 ,,primrose ,primula vulg>is4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,! m]e "n ( ?is fl[] is suffici5t to recall visions ( spr+ & p]haps ( happy visits to its haunts 9 days gone by4 ,b _m ard5t lov]s ( ! ,primrose may n "k t ! /ra9s :i* are n[ 9 fav\r embrace a wide range ( col\r1 f pure :ite to deep crimson or m>oon1 v>i\s %ades ( yell[ & orange1 & ri* blue4 ,9 fact1 9 a bat* ( se$l+s ne>ly e plant may diff] f its companions4 ,!y all agree1 h[ev]1 9 possess+ ! delicate p]fume :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! h>dy woodl& fav\rite4 ,fancy ,primroses are priz$ z pot & bord] fl[]s1 & !y fully rew>d flori/s = all ! c>e :i* has be5 devot$ to _! improvem5t4 ,!y w bloom satisfactorily 9 any %ady spot2 b to gr[ !m to p]fection requires a /iff moi/ loam1 on ! nor? side ( "s h$ge or %rubb]y1 :]e glimpses ( sun%9e occasionally play ^u !m4 ,"h l>ge fl[]s1 int5se 9 col\r1 w be abundantly produc$ f> into ! spr+4 ,! f9e/ plants are g5]ally obta9$ f a ,febru>y or ,m>* s[+ made 9 pans or boxes4 ,se$ may also be s[n f ,may to ,july 9 c>efully prep>$ gr\nd 9 ! op54 ,if incl9$ to take "s pa9s 9 rais+ ! plants--& !y are c]ta9ly wor? x--make ! summ] s[+s 9 se$-pans 9 ord9>y pott+ soil2 spr9kle a little s& ov] ! se$1 & z a f9i% press firmly d[n4 ,%eets ( glass laid ov] ! pans & turn$ daily w prev5t rapid evaporation & help to keep ! soil uni=mly moi/4 ,! se$l+s ei!r may be pott$ once1 & !n be plant$ out1 or1 if /rong en\gh1 !y may be transf]r$ /raight to fl[]+ positions4 ,%\ld ?is mode ( proc$ure be consid]$ too tr\blesome1 prep>e a %ady pat* ( gr\nd by deep digg+2 make x firm & level1 & on ?is s[ 9 %all[ drills1 cov]+ ! se$ v lightly4 ,a dress+ ( soot ov] ! surface1 & a cordon ( a%es r\nd x1 w keep (f slugs4 ,?9 if necess>y1 & :5 ! plants are /rong en\gh1 remove to _! prop] qu>t]s4 ,9 ,febru>y ! buds w beg9 to %[1 & ^? int5d$ = pots %\ld be all[$ to reveal _! col\rs be=e !y are tak5 up1 s t a v>iety may be obta9$4 ,f a ret5tive soil ea* plant ) its surr\nd+ e>? may be tak5 out almo/ exactly ( ! size requir$1 & x %\ld be r small] ?an ! pot :i* has to accommodate x4 ,a light soil mu/ be wat]$ ! day be=e ! op]ation1 or ! roots w be injuri\sly expos$4 ,:5 pott$1 place ! plants 9 a %ad$ cold frame or gre5h\se1 all[+ !m pl5ty ( space1 & )hold wat] until x is absolutely necess>y4 ,at fir/ !y %\ld be kept close1 b z ! roots become e/abli%$ gradually give air m & m freely4 ,cool1 sl[ treatm5t is all t is requir$4 ,any attempt to hurry ! gr[? w only weak5 ! plants & ru9 ! col\r ( ! fl[]s4 ,j be=e ! buds op51 "o or two applications ( manure wat] w be b5eficial4 ,:5 ! display 9 pots is ov]1 if ! plants are put out 9 a %ady bord]1 !y may fl[] aga9 late 9 ! season4 ,,primula ,,s95sis ,*9ese ,primrose4 ,gre5h\se annual ,! hi/ory ( ! ,*9ese ,primula s9ce x fir/ rea*$ ?is c\ntry has an almo/ romantic int]e/4 ,z orig9ally receiv$ ! fl[] 01 & n[ is1 insignificant 9 size & mis]ably poor 9 col\r4 ,b flori/s at once p]ceiv$ 9 x imm5se possibilities4 ,! result ( _! lab\rs1 ext5d+ ov] _m ye>s1 may be se5 9 ! magnific5t ,s+le1 ,d\ble1 & ,/> ,primulas :i* n[ adorn cons]vatories1 gre5h\ses1 & homes4 ,f s small a beg9n+ ! range ( col\rs is amaz+2 !re are sn[y-:ite fl[]s 9 sev]al beautiful =ms1 a pure ,cambridge blue1 ri* violet-blue1 _m %ades ( rose1 p9k1 sc>let1 & gorge\s crimson4 ,almo/ equally /rik+ is ! improvem5t 9 ! foliage1 especially ! introduction ( ! f]n-leaf1 ) its div]se %ades ( gre5 & ri*ly ton$ "u-surface4 ,to enjoy ! bloom = a long p]iod make successive s[+s 9 ,may & ,june4 ,a fur!r s[+ may be made 9 ,july if necess>y4 ,use new pots :i* h be5 soak$ 9 wat]2 b if ^! are n at h&1 scrub "s old pots clean1 = ,primulas are fa/idi\s f ! outset1 & x is by app>5t trifles t "s gr[]s produce plants s imm5sely sup]ior to o!rs treat$ ) less c>e4 ,provide free dra9age1 & place a little dry moss ov] ! crocks4 ,any fairly good ri* soil w be suitable1 b a mixture ( equal p>ts ( s\nd fibr\s loam & leaf-m\ld1 ) a small addition ( silv] s&1 is be/4 ,press ?is compo/ firmly into ! pots to )9 half an in* ( ! top4 ,wat] be=e s[+1 & spr9kle suffici5t s& ov] ! surface to cov] ! soil4 ,on ?is s& s[ ev5ly & ?9ly1 = x is well kn[n t ! f9e/ new ,primula se$ comes up irregul>ly1 & a ?9 s[+ admits ( ! removal ( plants t may be ready1 )\t di/urb+ ! rema9d]4 ,cov] ! se$ ) j en\gh f9e soil to hide ! s&1 & g5tly press ! surface4 ,place ! pots 9 a %elt]$ "p ( ! gre5h\se1 protect$ f draughts & direct sunlight2 a small glaz$ frame w be useful = ?is purpose4 ,:ile ! se$ is g]m9at+ ! temp]ature %\ld n rise above #gj1 or fall bel[ #ej4 ,imm$iately ! plants are l>ge en\gh1 prick (f r\nd ! rim ( small pots1 & if conv5i5t place !m 9 a propagat+ box4 ,wat] ) c>e1 & %ade if necess>y4 ,:5 e/abli%$ give air1 :i* %\ld be daily increas$ until ! plants w be> plac+ on ! gre5h\se /age4 ,transf] s+ly to ?umb pots1 & subsequ5tly %ift into l>g] sizes z may be requisite1 b nev] d ?is until ! pots are fill$ ) roots1 & always put ! plants 9 firmly up to ! coll>4 ,dur+ ,july1 ,augu/1 & up to ! middle ( ,septemb] expose freely to ! air 9 any conv5i5t position :]e %elt] c be giv5 9 unfav\rable wea!r4 ,:]e !re is no gre5h\se1 b only a hot-b$1 x is /ill possible to gr[ good ,primulas1 ) c>e & pati5ce4 ,! in/ructions giv5 = treatm5t 9 ! gre5h\se may easily be adapt$ to ! pit or frame1 only !re mu/ be a little m wat*fulness 9 af=d+ %ade on sunny days to prev5t ov]heat+4 ,endeav\r to give ! plants a robu/ con/itution f ! fir/1 = weak1 rickety ?+s _c produce a satisfactory bloom4 ,primulas ne$ a long p]iod ( gr[? be=e !y fl[]2 h5ce !y %\ld nev] be subject$ to a =c+ temp]ature4 ,suffici5t heat mu/ be provid$ to raise ! plants1 b aft]w>ds ! aim %\ld be to r5d] ,primulas z ne>ly h>dy z possible be=e cold wea!r sets 94 ,!re mu/1 h[ev]1 be ample protection aga9/ fro/1 damp1 & cutt+ w9ds4 ,primula /ellata 7,/> ,primula74--,?is elegant /ra9 ( ,primula1 introduc$ by u 9 #ahie1 has atta9$ a high position 9 popul> fav\r4 ,al?\gh x is n int5d$ to sup]s$e or compete ) ! spl5did /ra9s ( ,p4 s95sis1 x is a mo/ valuable addition to ! cons]vatory1 & w be f\nd indisp5sable = g5]al decorative "w4 ,! plants are unusually florif]\s & cont9ue 9 bloom = a long "t4 ,:5 cut1 ! sprays travel well & rema9 fre% 9 wat] _m days4 ,= table adornm5t ,/> ,primulas are unsurpass$ by any o!r gre5h\se fl[] at _! own p]iod ( ! ye>4 ,! culture is precisely ! same z = ,p4 s95sis4 ,half-h>dy ,primula4--,?is section1 :i* embraces a numb] ( v *>m+ species1 includes ! well-kn[n ,p4 obconica gr&iflora1 :i* is almo/ p]petual-bloom+ "u glass4 ,se$ ( ?is ,primula may be s[n f ,febru>y to ,july1 f ! e>lie/ ( :i* ! plants w fl[] 9 autumn & cont9ue to bloom ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,9 ! e>ly /ages ! se$l+s may be manag$ z already direct$ = ,p4 s95sis1 be>+ 9 m9d t excessive wat]+ %\ld be avoid$4 ,cool gre5h\se treatm5t w suit ! plants well4 ,ano!r half-h>dy v>iety :i* has rec5tly atta9$ wide popul>ity is ,p4 malacoides4 ,! da9ty fl[]s are produc$ ti] ^u ti] to a height ( ab\t two feet & are v sweetly p]fum$4 ,= a w9t] display s[ 9 ,febru>y1 & successional s[+s may be made until ,july4 ,p4 malacoides especially res5ts a =c+ temp]ature4 ,!re=e ! culture %\ld be z ne>ly h>dy z possible1 & ev5 9 ! se$l+ /age ! plants mu/ h free access ( air on all suitable occasions1 or !y are v liable to damp (f4 ,h>dy ,primula4--,a numb] ( v elegant g>d5 ,primulas are wor?y ( att5tion4 ,! majority answ] well :5 gr[n 9 bord]s1 b !y are especially at home 9 rock or ,alp9e g>d5s4 ,! family is n[ s l>ge & s v>iable 9 "t ( bloom+ t x is possible to h ! diff]5t species 9 fl[] dur+ almo/ e mon? ( ! ye>4 ,z a rule1 x is advisable to raise ! se$l+s 9 pots or pans plac$ 9 a frame or gre5h\se1 & to transf] !m to ! op5 gr\nd :5 ?or\ghly h>d5$ (f4 ,,ranunculus ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,! ,ranunculus c be gr[n ei!r f se$ or f roots4 ,! se$ is ?9ly s[n f ,janu>y to ,m>*1 9 boxes f\r to six in*es deep1 fill$ ) good soil4 ,a cool gre5h\se or frame is ! prop] place = ! boxes until ! spr+ is some:at advanc$4 ,a little extra c>e is requisite to insure free gr[? & a h>dy con/itution1 & ! roots %\ld n be turn$ out ( ! boxes until !y h ceas$ gr[+ & are q ripe2 !n !y may be /or$ = plant+ 9 ,novemb] or ,febru>y4 ,= p>ticul>s on ! treatm5t ( roots1 see page #cdh4 ,,ric9us ,ca/or-oil ,plant4 ,half-h>dy annual ,al?\gh ?is plant fl[]s freely1 x is gr[n 9 ! sub-tropical g>d5 pr9cipally = its noble ornam5tal foliage1 & also 9 ! %rubb]y bord]1 ei!r alone or 9 conjunction ) o!r f9e subjects1 su* z ,canna1 ,solanum1 ,nicotiana1 & ,wig&ia4 ,plants ( ! dw>f] v>ieties may also be us$ ) v decorative effect 9 cons]vatories & gre5h\ses dur+ ! summ] & autumn mon?s4 ,to h plants ready = mak+ a %[ 9 e>ly summ] !y mu/ be rais$ z half-h>dy annuals 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,f ! comm5cem5t a ri* soil & abundant supplies ( wat] are necess>y = ! production ( /ately specim5s4 ,! se$ is l>ge1 & may be put s+ly into pots1 or ?ree or f\r 9 ea*1 & ! latt] is ! usual practice4 ,a temp]ature ( ab\t #fj w br+ !m up4 ,if sev]al plants are gr[n 9 a pot1 !y mu/ be sep>at$ :ile q "y1 & put into small pots fill$ ) v ri* soil4 ,x is almo/ impossible to h ! compo/ too ri*1 s long z dra9age is q safe4 ,:5 ! pot is full ( roots1 %ift to a l>g] size1 & comm5ce ! process ( h>d5+1 9 read9ess = plant+ out 9 ,june4 ,?is is wor? "s c>e1 = if ! plant receives a *eck :5 put out1 x may take a long "t to recov]1 & !n "p ( ! brief gr[+ season w be wa/$4 ,_m g>d5]s nev] raise ,ric9us 9 heat1 b tru/ entirely to a s[+ 9 ! op5 on ! fir/ day ( ,may4 ,! se$s are put 9 ?ree in*es deep1 9 gr\ps ( ?ree or f\r1 & f9ally ! plants are ?9n$ to "o at ea* /ation4 ,prep>e ! soil 9 advance by deep digg+ & ! incorporation ( an abundant supply ( manure4 ,! mo/ effectual way ( do+ x is to take out ! e>? to a dep? ( eighte5 in*es or two feet1 & fill 9 ) decay$ manure & loam1 *iefly ! =m]4 ,^u ?is put out ! plant1 or s[ se$ z may be det]m9$4 ,if ?is is too great a tax on res\rces1 or ! ne> pres5ce ( %rubs r5d]s ! proce$+ impossible1 drive a b> into ! soil1 :i*1 if light1 c be readily work$ into a fair-siz$ hole4 ,fill ?is ) ri* /uff ne>ly to ! top1 & ov] x ei!r put ! plant or s[ se$4 ,a heavy top-dress+ r\nd ea* /em is also desirable1 & ! application ( copi\s supplies ( wat] w c>ry ! n\ri%m5t d[n to ! roots4 ,sub-tropical plants are only a s\rce ( disappo9tm5t "u nigg>dly treatm5t1 b !y amply repay all ! c>e & g5]osity :i* a lib]al h& may lavi% ^u !m4 ,! plants w ne$ ! support ( /akes to save !m f injury 9 a high w9d4 ,,sa9tpaulia ,gre5h\se p]5nial ,a v rem>kable p]5nial1 only f\r in*es high1 obta9$ f ea/]n tropical ,africa4 ,! plant has fle%y leaves1 & ! fl[]s1 :i* are produc$ 9 clu/]s1 some:at resemble ! ,violet1 b are mu* l>g]4 ,sa9tpaulia makes a beautiful table ornam5t1 & a r[ ( pot plants 9 full bloom =ms a *>m+ m>g9 9 cons]vatories1 ei!r = a /age or on ! gr\nd4 ,! se$l+s fl[] freely 9 ab\t six mon?s f date ( s[+1 & cont9ue 9 bloom ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,s[+s may be made f ,janu>y to ,m>*1 9 well-dra9$ pots plac$ 9 a temp]ature ( #fj to #fe4 ,on no acc\nt %\ld ! soil be all[$ to become dry4 ,subsequ5tly ! plants may be treat$ z recomm5d$ = ,glox9ias4 ,,salpiglossis ,half-h>dy annual ,a highly ornam5tal half-h>dy annual4 ,! f9e/ /ra9s h l>ge1 op5 fl[]s1 exhibit+ extraord9>y comb9ations ( col\rs :i* range f ! pale/ sulphur-:ite to orange1 sc>let1 & purple-violet1 all be+ m or less p5cill$ & ve9$ ) "s /rong contra/+ col\r4 ,if an e>ly display is want$1 a />t %\ld be made at ! end ( ,febru>y or beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 by s[+ on a mod]ate hot-b$4 ,9 ,may ! plants w be ready = fl[]+ qu>t]s4 ,or s[ 9 ,april 9 ! op5 gr\nd :]e ! plants are to rema91 tak+ c>e to ?9 sev]ely1 & ! ?9n+s w be useful = dibbl+ 9 out-(-!-way com]s1 :]e !y w furni% acceptable mat]ial = table decoration1 = :i* purpose ?is /rik+ fl[] is well adapt$4 ,salpiglossis make *>m+ pot plants = ! gre5h\se & cons]vatory4 ,= ?is purpose se$ %\ld be s[n 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]1 & "u cool-h\se treatm5t ! plants w bloom pr(usely 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,,salvia ,h>dy annual & half-h>dy p]5nial ,f a g5us includ+ #dej species a small numb] ( ,salvias h won des]v$ popul>ity = b$s & bord]s4 ,9 summ] & e>ly autumn ! long spikes ( brilliant fl[]s produc$ by ,fireball & ,sc>let ,que5 make an extremely attractive display1 & ,s4 pat5s is "o ( ! mo/ sup]b pure blue fl[]s se5 9 g>d5s4 ,z a b$d+ plant ,s4 arg5tea is ext5sively gr[n = its silv]y-:ite foliage1 :i* completely cov]s ! gr\nd4 ,^! & o!r p]5nial v>ieties may be s[n 9 pans dur+ ,febru>y & ,m>* = transf] to ! op5 9 ,may1 & ! plants ne$ ! usual treatm5t ( half-h>dy p]5nials4 ,a fav\rite annual v>iety is ,blue ,be>d1 gr[+ eighte5 in*es high & pres5t+ long spikes ( bright purple bracts4 ,! annual ,salvias %\ld also be s[n 9 pans 9 ,febru>y or ,m>* & transplant$ 9 ,may2 or se$ may be s[n 9 ! op5 bord] dur+ ,april4 ,,s*izan?us ,! ,butt]fly ,fl[]4 ,half-h>dy annual ,at _m lead+ horticultural displays 9 rec5t ye>s masses ( ,s*izan?us ( extraord9>y beauty h be5 exhibit$ ) /rik+ success4 ,9 cons]vatories1 gre5h\ses1 & on d9n]-tables ! plants =m conspicu\s ornam5ts & !y %\ld be freely gr[n = g5]al decorative purposes4 ,on special occasions ! pots may be plung$ to create a brilliant %[ ( bloom z tempor>y b$s & !y are also extremely attractive 9 hang+-baskets4 ,! usual "t = s[+ se$ to insure f9e specim5s is ! end ( ,augu/ or e>ly 9 ,septemb]4 ,ei!r well-dra9$ pots or %all[ boxes1 fill$ ) a good pott+ compo/1 w answ] = rais+ ! se$l+s4 ,s[ ?9ly1 on a smoo? surface1 & cov] ! se$s ) f9ely sift$ soil4 ,:5 ! "y plants appe> place ! pots or boxes ne> ! glass :]e !y c h abundance ( light & air1 s t f ! />t ! plants may be %ort & heal?y4 ,se$l+s t are ?9 & drawn are nev] wor? ! space !y occupy4 ,imm$iately !y are l>ge en\gh to h&le1 transf] to %all[ boxes1 all[+ a space ( ?ree in*es to ea* plant4 ,! compo/ to consi/ ( s\nd loam & leaf-soil 9 equal proportions1 ) ! addition ( suffici5t co>se s& to r5d] ! mixture por\s4 ,= two or ?ree days keep ! boxes 9 a frame1 :i* mu/ rema9 clos$ & be %ad$ f sun%9e until ! se$l+s are e/abli%$1 b remove ! %ad+ :5ev] possible2 !n give air freely1 & on atta9+ a height ( ?ree in*es ! fir/ /opp+ may be done4 ,a =tnight lat] ! plants w be ready = pots ( ! #fj-size4 ,treat !m z ne>ly h>dy z wea!r may p]mit4 ,/op ! %oots a second "t :5 ab\t six in*es high1 ) ! object ( =m+ bu%y plants capable ( yield+ a b\ntiful bloom4 ,:5 ! #fj-pots are fill$ ) roots transf] to ! #dh-size1 & 9 due "t ! f9al %ift %\ld be into pots ( ! #bd-size4 ,l>g] pots may1 ( c\rse1 be employ$ = v f9e specim5s4 ,! compo/ = ?is f9al %ift ought to consi/ ( two p>ts ( ri* loam1 "o "p ( leaf-soil1 & "o "p ( ?or\ghly decay$ manure2 ! addition ( %>p s& w be necess>y4 ,! /ems to be ti$ out to /akes 9 good "t to prev5t injury4 ,j be=e ! fl[]+ p]iod & :ile ! plants are actually 9 bloom1 weak liquid manure1 in/ead ( wat]1 once or twice a week w be b5eficial4 ,a high temp]ature is n requir$1 ev5 9 ! w9t] mon?s1 to ma9ta9 ,s*izan?us 9 heal?y condition4 ,f #ce to #dj is all ! heat !y ne$2 9 fact1 x is only requisite to keep fro/ at bay1 & ?is ne> approa* to h>dy treatm5t w result 9 f9e robu/ plants4 ,! ,s*izan?us may also be s[n dur+ ,m>* & ,april 9 pans plac$ 9 g5tle heat1 ! se$l+s be+ pott$ on = fl[]+ 9 ! cons]vatory or !y may be put out 9 ! op5 bord]4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ,april or 9 ,may se$ may be s[n out ( doors4 ,"o po9t 9 ! successful culture ( ,s*izan?us %\ld nev] be =gott54 ,! roots mu/ n be all[$ to become pot-b\nd4 ,:]e ?is is p]mitt$ at any /age ( gr[? x is fatal to ! developm5t ( a h&some %[ ( bloom4 ,,s5ecio ,,elegans ,jacobea4 ,h>dy annual ,among ! d\ble v>ieties1 ! crimson1 purple1 rose & :ite ,s5ecios take ! lead = beauty & usefulness4 ,!y are rem>kably accommodat+ plants1 adapt$ = b$s or ! gre5h\se4 ,s[ e>ly 9 pans or boxes1 give ! se$l+s lib]al treatm5t1 & :5 b$d$ out ! plants w produce myriads ( bright fl[]s1 until fro/ puts a /op to !m4 ,any good soil :i* does n become pa/y w suit1 & full exposure to sun%9e is ess5tial to ! production ( a ri* display ( col\r4 ,9 ,m>* or ,april se$ may safely be s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,! ,tall ,s+le ,bright ,rose ,jacobea is invaluable z a cut fl[] = table decoration "u artificial light4 ,x rivals ! ,/> ,c9]>ia 9 =m &1 be+ a h>dy annual1 x may be gr[n ) ! utmo/ ease4 ,,sil5e ,cat*fly4 ,h>dy annual ,n "o ( ! h>dy annuals has e/abli%$ a bett] claim to be s[n 9 autumn ?an ! ,sil5es4 ,alone1 !y make a v attractive display1 & !y c be us$ ) especial effect 9 b$s plant$ ) ,daffodils1 ,hyac9?s1 & ,tulips4 ,:ile ! ,daffodils are 9 full beauty ! ,sil5es clo! ! gr\nd ) a c>pet ( gre51 & aft] ! foliage ( ! bulbs has be5 cut (f or p9n$ d[n ! ,sil5es furni% a fre% display ( floral beauty 9 advance ( ! summ] b$d]s4 ,sil5es d n ?rive on heavy damp soils1 b ! difficulty c be surm\nt$ by keep+ ! plants 9 pans or boxes "u a cold frame until gr[+ wea!r sets 94 ,! plants d v well 9 loam1 & be/ ( all 9 a dry s&y soil4 ,! spr+ s[+ %\ld be made 9 ,m>* or ,april2 ! autumn s[+ 9 ,augu/ or e>ly 9 ,septemb]4 ,,solanum ,annual & p]5nial2 half-h>dy ,solanums are ( importance1 "s z gre5h\se plants1 & o!rs z sub-tropical b$d]s4 ,!y are some:at t5d] 9 con/itution1 & mu/ h good cultivation 9 a light ri* soil4 ,a %>p look-out = r$ spid] is necess>y1 = ?is pe/ is v p>tial to ,solanums4 ,m>* is e>ly en\gh to s[ ! se$1 b = ord9>y purposes ,april is to be pref]r$4 ,by ! middle ( ,june ! plants %\ld be /rong en\gh to put out1 & ) g5ial wea!r w make rapid progress4 ,^? gr[n = _! b]ries may be s[n f ,febru>y onw>ds1 z x is important to secure bu%y plants be=e !y beg9 to fl[]1 & an e>ly />t insures an e>ly rip5+ ( ! bright1 h&some fruit4 ,,/atice ,sea ,lav5d]4 ,h>dy & half-h>dy annuals & h>dy p]5nial ,x w\ld be difficult to decide :e!r ! ,sea ,lav5d]s are m highly valu$ z bord] fl[]s or z cut mat]ial = use indoors4 ,c]ta9 x is t ! light & graceful sprays ( delicately col\r$ fl[]s are indisp5sable = h\se decoration1 ei!r :5 fre%ly cut or :5 dri$ = mix+ ) ,heli*rysums & o!r ev]la/+s 9 w9t]4 ,yet ,/atice are v attractive :5 gr[+ 9 ! bord]1 ! v>ieties ( bran*+ habit giv+ a long-cont9u$ display ( beautiful fl[]s4 ,! half-h>dy v>ieties %\ld be s[n f ,janu>y to ,m>* 9 pans plac$ on bottom heat4 ,:5 l>ge en\gh prick (f ! se$l+s into boxes ( good light soil1 & gradually h>d5 (f 9 read9ess = plant+ out 9 ,may4 ,! h>dy annual k9ds also answ] be/ :5 />t$ 9 pans dur+ ,m>* or ,april & transf]r$ to ! op5 9 due c\rse4 ,se$ ( ! h>dy p]5nial v>ieties %\ld be s[n 9 a nice light compo/ any "t f ,april to ,july4 ,put out ! plants into fl[]+ positions :5 !y h atta9$ a suitable size4 ,:5 gr[n on 9 pots1 ! half-h>dy sorts make exce$+ly pretty subjects = h\se or cons]vatory decoration4 ,,/ock ,ma?iola4 ,annual & bi5nial half-h>dy ,f ! botanical /&po9t ,/ocks comprise two ma9 classes--! ,annual & ! ,bi5nial4 ,s accommodat+ z to treatm5t is ?is ext5sive family1 h[ev]1 t by select+ suitable sorts & s[+ at appropriate p]iods1 x is n difficult to obta9 a succession ( ^! delightful fl[]s ! ye> ?r\gh4 ,) ?is object 9 view1 our notes are divid$ into f\r sections cov]+ ! cycle ( ! seasons1 z foll[s3 ,summ]-fl[]+1 or ,t5-week2 ,int]m$iate v>ieties1 = autumn-fl[]+2 ,w9t]-fl[]+2 & ,spr+-fl[]+4 ,summ]-fl[]+1 or ,t5-week ,/ocks4--,^! annual v>ieties include a wond]ful range ( col\rs1 z well z consid]able div]sity 9 ! habit ( gr[?4 ,= _! brightness1 durability1 & fragrance !y are des]v$ly popul>4 ,x is usual to s[ ! se$ "u glass f ! middle to ! end ( ,m>*4 ,pans or %all[ boxes1 fill$ ) sweet s&y soil1 make ! be/ ( se$-b$s1 & x may be well to say at once t no plants pay bett] = c>e & att5tion ?an ! subjects n[ "u consid]ation4 ,s[ ?9ly1 t ! plants may h room to become /\t :ile yet 9 ! se$-b$1 & f ! v outset endeav\r to imp>t a h>dy con/itution by giv+ air freely :5ev] ! wea!r is suitable4 ,?is does n mean t !y are to be subject$ to "s cutt+ bla/ t w cripple ! plants beyond r$emption1 b t no opportunity %\ld be lo/ ( p>tial or entire exposure :5ev] ! atmosph]e is suffici5tly g5ial to b5efit !m4 ,if a cold frame on a sp5t hot-b$ c be sp>$1 x may be utilis$ by prick+ (f ! se$l+s into x1 or ! pans & boxes may simply be plac$ "u its protection4 ,! ne>] ! se$l+s c be kept to ! glass1 ! less w be ! disposition to become leggy4 ,9 transplant+ to ! op5 gr\nd1 x is wor? "s tr\ble to induce ea* plant to c>ry a nice ball ( soil atta*$ to its roots4 ,on light1 friable l&1 ,t5-week ,/ocks c be successfully gr[n f s[+s made 9 ! op5 ab\t ! end ( ,april4 ,! "* ( ! season mu/ be "s guide to ! "t *os51 & ! s[+ 9 ?is case %\ld be r ?ick] ?an 9 ! se$-pans4 ,%\ld ! se$ g]m9ate well1 sev]e ?9n+ w h to be practis$ z gr[? dem&s4 ,?is me?od ( culture entirely prev5ts loss by mildew1 :i* s (t5 proves fatal to "y transplant$ se$l+s4 ,x is difficult to make ! soil too good = !m1 & !re is no comp>ison betwe5 ,/ocks gr[n on a poor bord] & ^? gr[n 9 luxuriance4 ,"s gr[]s make a little tr5* = ea* r[ ( se$1 & ?is af=ds a c]ta9 degree ( protection f cutt+ w9ds1 & also =ms a *annel = wat] :5 !re is a necessity = adm9i/]+ x4 ,9 a %[]y season1 ! plants w appe> 9 ab\t twelve days1 b 9 dry wea!r x w be long]1 & "o or m g5tle morn+ wat]+s may be necess>y to br+ !m up4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! r[s mu/ be det]m9$ by ! v>iety4 ,n9e in*es is suffici5t = ! dw>f sorts2 twelve or fifte5 in*es w n be too mu* = m$ium & tall k9ds4 ,slugs may be kept (f by a du/+ ( soot or wood-a%es1 & "s precaution mu/ also be adopt$ to prev5t birds f di/urb+ ! se$-b$4 ,"h x may be well to m5tion a fact :i* is n always rememb]$1 al?\gh ! k ( x is g5]ally assum$4 ,se$ c only be sav$ f s+le fl[]s1 b ^? :o h made a /udy ( ! bus9ess f9d little difficulty 9 select+ plants1 & treat+ !m 9 su* a mann] t se$ obta9$ f !m w produce a l>ge p]c5tage ( d\ble blossoms 9 ! foll[+ g5]ation4 ,b ! exp]i5ce ( ! mo/ skill$ gr[]s has n enabl$ !m to save se$ :i* w result entirely 9 d\ble-fl[]+ plants2 & ?is is sc>cely to be regrett$1 = ! p]petuation ( ! race is dep5d5t on s+le fl[]s4 ,9 keep+ ! v>i\s col\rs true !re is "o v awkw>d fact4 ,c]ta9 sorts inv>iably produce a diff]5ce 9 col\r betwe5 ! d\ble & s+le fl[]s4 ,int]m$iate ,/ocks =m a valuable succession to ! ,summ]-fl[]+1 or ,t5-week v>ieties4 ,f se$ s[n 9 g5tle heat 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*1 ! plants usually comm5ce fl[]+ :5 ! e>li] v>ieties are beg9n+ to fade1 & w cont9ue to bloom until w9t] sets 94 ,x is also easy to gr[ ! ,int]m$iate section 9 pots = spr+ decoration1 if ! protection ( a h\se or pit c be giv5 dur+ ! w9t] to pres]ve !m f fro/4 ,a simple plan is to s[ 9 ,augu/ or e>ly 9 ,septemb] five or six se$s 9 #dh-siz$ pots4 ,?9 to ?ree plants 9 ea*1 & ( c\rse a l>g] pot ) m plants c be us$ :5 desirable4 ,give air :5ev] possible1 & wat] regul>ly4 ,!re is no ne$ = artificial heat2 inde$1 x is n well to hurry ! plants 9 any way4 ,a good top-dress+ ( ri* soil is advisable be=e fl[]+1 & z ! buds appe>1 manure wat]1 weak at fir/1 b gradually increas$ 9 /r5g?1 may be giv5 once a week until 9 full bloom4 ,w9t]-fl[]+ ,/ocks4--,dur+ ! w9t] mon?s ,/ocks af=d an imm5se am\nt ( pleasure4 ,!y are p>ticul>ly welcome at ,*ri/mas1 & to insure fl[]+ plants at t season ( ! ye> suitable v>ieties1 su* z ,*ri/mas ,p9k or ,beauty ( ,nice1 %\ld be select$1 & a />t made 9 ,june4 ,z soon z ! fir/ leaf is atta9$1 prick (f ?ree se$l+s 9 a ?ree-in* pot2 place 9 a cool frame "u a nor? wall1 keep+ ! light (f all day until !y are ready = ano!r %ift into six-in* pots4 ,use ?ree p>ts ( good yell[ loam & "o "p ( leaf-soil--no s&4 ,pot firmly & re/ore to ! frame until ! plants />t gr[+1 :5 !y may be remov$ to ! gre5h\se4 ,manure wat]1 n too /rong1 once a week is b5eficial1 & pure wat] %\ld be giv5 sp>+ly4 ,keep ne> ! glass & v5tilate freely4 ,fur!r s[+s made 9 ,july & ,augu/ w ext5d ! supply ( fl[]s4 ,spr+-fl[]+ ,/ocks1 :i* include ! popul> ,brompton /ra91 come into fl[] 9 spr+ & e>ly summ]4 ,al?\gh 9 "s seasons x may answ] to s[ :]e ! plants are requir$ to bloom1 ! practice is too prec>i\s to be risk$ g5]ally4 ,a saf] me?od is to s[ 9 se$-pans 9 ,june or ,july4 ,place ^! "u %elt] until ! plants are an in* high1 !n /& !m 9 ! op5 = a week be=e transplant+4 ,h ready a piece ( fre%ly-dug soil1 & on a dull day put !m out at eight to twelve in*es ap>t4 ,if ! gr[? is too rapid dur+ ,septemb]1 x may be advisable to lift !m & plant aga91 = ! w9t] mu/ n f9d !m s(t & succul5t4 ,!re %\ld be h>d /ems & /urdy gr[? to c>ry !m ?r\gh ! cold wea!r4 ,9 di/ricts t are specially unfav\rable x may be necess>y to pot ea* plant s+ly 9 ! #fj-size1 & plunge ^! 9 a%es 9 a cold frame1 or "u ! %elt] ( a s\? wall1 until sev]e wea!r is pa/1 & !y c !n be turn$ out into ! bord]s4 ,,/reptoc>pus ,cape ,primrose4 ,t5d] p]5nial ,! hybrids are a v /rik+ race1 invaluable = gre5h\se & cons]vatory decoration1 produc+ a cont9u\s succession ( l>ge trumpet-%ap$ fl[]s1 embrac+ col\rs rang+ f pure :ite1 ?r\gh lav5d]1 purple1 violet1 rose1 & r$1 to ri* rosy-purple4 ,s[ v ?9ly f ,janu>y to ,m>* 9 well-dra9$ pots1 & a du/+ ( f9e soil w suffici5tly cov] ! se$4 ,place ! pots 9 a temp]ature ( #fj to #fe1 & take c>e t ! soil is n all[$ to become dry4 ,prick (f ! se$l+s :5 l>ge en\gh to h&le1 keep+ !m 9 ! temp]ature nam$ until ! f9al pott+4 ,:5 e/abli%$ !y ?rive ) ord9>y att5tion 9 a gre5h\se1 & !y w9t] well 9 a temp]ature rang+ betwe5 #dj & #ej4 ,se$ s[n 9 ,janu>y & ,febru>y w produce plants :i* w come into bloom dur+ ! foll[+ ,june & ,july4 ,/reptoc>pus ,w5dl&ii is a s+ul>ly int]e/+ v>iety4 ,only "o imm5se leaf is produc$1 :i* frequ5tly atta9s a wid? ( two feet1 ) a proportionate l5g?4 ,?is leaf is reflex$1 completely hid+ ! pot on "o side1 & f its midrib scapes ( elegant violet-blue fl[]s ) :ite ?roat are ?r[n up to a height ( eighte5 in*es4 ,! se$s %\ld be s[n 9 a w>m gre5h\se e>ly 9 ! ye>4 ,! plants w beg9 to fl[] 9 ! w9t] & cont9ue 9 bloom = ab\t six mon?s4 ,! temp]ature :i* is suitable = ,glox9ias w answ] = ?is plant also4 ,,sunfl[] ,helian?us annuus4 ,h>dy annual ,! utility ( ! ,sunfl[] has be5 allud$ to 9 a =m] page4 ,"h we h only to reg>d ! plant 9 its ornam5tal "*1 z an occupant ( ! %rubb]y or fl[] bord]4 ,9 addition to ! common species1 !re are sev]al /ra9s :i* are adapt$ = special purposes4 ,! dw>f v>ieties gr[ ab\t ?ree to f\r feet high1 & produce f9e heads ( bloom4 ,! #8giant' atta9s ! enorm\s height ( eight or t5 feet 9 a fav\rable season1 & ! fl[]s are ( imm5se size4 ,! d\ble /ra9 g5]ally rea*es six feet 9 height1 & is valuable = its f9e %[ ( col\r & endur+ quality4 ,!re is no difficulty1 !re=e1 9 mak+ a selection to suit ! requirem5ts ( any bord]4 ,! ,sunfl[] c also be employ$ 9 "o or m r[s to make a b\nd>y or to hide an unsightly f5ce1 & "s gr[]s use x z a scre5 = fl[]s :i* w n be> full sun%9e4 ,se$ may be s[n v e>ly 9 ! season1 & ! plants c be br\ght =w>d 9 ! mann] usual ) half-h>dy annuals1 b !re is no necessity = ?is mode ( gr[+ !m4 ,s[ 9 ,april or ,may :]e ! plants are to fl[]1 on soil :i* has be5 abundantly manur$ to a dep? ( eighte5 in*es1 & !y w bloom 9 good "t4 ,to ma9ta9 ! rapid gr[?1 wat] mu/ n be /9t$ 9 dry wea!r4 ,,sweet ,,pea ,la?yrus odoratus4 ,h>dy climb+ annual ,! hi/ory ( ! ,sweet ,pea c be trac$ back = m ?an two hundr$ ye>s2 & x is almo/ z fasc9at+ z an exhibition ( ! fl[]s4 ,rec5t improvem5ts 9 ?is highly popul> subject include an amaz+ div]sity ( col\rs1 a m>k$ increase 9 ! numb] ( fl[]s on ea* /em1 & an extraord9>y enl>gem5t 9 _! size4 ,a mod]n li/ may run into hundr$s1 b ^? :o gr[ e kn[n v>iety f9d t !re are _m close resemblances1 aris+ no d\bt f simultane\s introductions by hybridi/s :o h exp]im5t$ on simil> l9es4 ,en?usia/ic gr[]s ( ,sweet ,peas are no long] cont5t ) a limit$ numb] ( nam$ v>ieties1 = x is obvi\s t 9 competitions :]e fifty or a hundr$ bun*es h to be /ag$ = c]ta9 prizes1 a l>ge & repres5tative collection mu/ be gr[n4 ,= g5]al g>d5 decoration1 h[ev]1 & to provide sprays = ! adornm5t ( homes1 ! ,giant-fl[]$ class1 (f]$ "u col\rs only1 w cont9ue to be extremely popul>4 ,! *ange 9 "* & ! increas$ usefulness ( ,sweet ,peas h necessitat$ a revolution 9 ! me?ods ( culture4 ,! fre] gr[? & m robu/ habit dem& great] space ?an 0 =m]ly all[$4 ,in/ead ( cr[d$ r[s ( att5uat$ plants1 produc+ a meagre return ( small fl[]s1 poor 9 col\r1 x is n[ ! practice to prep>e ! gr\nd by deep tr5*+ & lib]al manur+1 & to give e plant ample space = full developm5t bo? 9 r[s & 9 clumps4 ,9 ! ensu+ p>agraphs we outl9e ! cultural r\t9e :i* %\ld be foll[$ z ne>ly z possible by ^? :o desire to insure a long-cont9u$ supply ( ! v f9e/ fl[]s4 ,b :]e circum/ances d n p]mit ( ^! recomm5dations be+ adopt$ 9 full1 ! details may be modifi$ accord+ to ! mat]ials at comm& & ! requirem5ts ( ! cultivator4 ,x is usual to comm5ce ! prep>ation ( ! gr\nd 9 autumn4 ,tr5*+ is ( p>am\nt importance1 = ! roots ( ! ,sweet ,pea require a consid]able dep? ( good soil 9 :i* to ramify = ! support ( robu/ heal?y plants capable ( produc+ h&some fl[]s ov] a long season4 ,:]e ! surface soil is %all[1 c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to avoid br++ uncultivat$ subsoil to ! top1 & x is well wor? incurr+ a little extra tr\ble to provide a suffici5t dep? ( f]tile mat]ial = full root developm5t4 ,!re=e dig out a wide tr5* & place ! good top soil on "o side4 ,!n remove & disc>d ! subsoil to a dep? ( twelve in*es &1 aft] break+ up ! bottom ( ! tr5* ) a =k or pickaxe1 replace ) an equal quantity ( decay$ manure1 leaves1 old pott+ soil or any o!r suitable /uff t may be on h&4 ,f9ally return ! top soil to its orig9al position4 ,! use ( manure ne$s discrim9ation1 & 9 fix+ ! quantity1 z well z 9 select+ ! mo/ suitable k9ds1 due consid]ation mu/ be giv5 to ! "* ( ! soil4 ,= light l&1 f\r b>r[-loads ( well-rott$ f>my>d manure p] squ>e pole w make an excell5t dress+1 b a r small] am\nt w suffice = heavy gr\nd4 ,9 place ( f>my>d manure an unlimit$ quantity ( leaf-soil1 if obta9able1 may be us$1 & x is also a good plan to dig 9 any available gre5 refuse4 ,g>d5 gr\nd :i* = "s ye>s previ\sly has be5 kept 9 a /ate ( high cultivation by ! lib]al use ( natural manure w n1 z a rule1 ne$ fur!r help 9 ?is direction1 b x %\ld receive a good dress+ ( lime4 ,inde$1 any soil 9 :i* ,sweet ,peas are to be gr[n %\ld conta9 n less ?an two p] c5t4 ( lime4 ,! employm5t ( artificial1 z well z organic1 manures is ess5tial 9 any fir/-class s*eme ( cultivation4 ,b "h a ^w ( w>n+ is necess>y4 ,nitrog5\s manures 9 any =m are h>mful to ! plant :5 appli$ 9 l>ge quantities1 & are liable to pr$ispose x to disease1 except on extreme types ( s&y soil4 ,heavy gr\nd %\ld be dress$ ) sev5 p\nds ( basic slag 9 autumn & two p\nds ( sulphate ( pota% 9 spr+4 ,on light soils apply 9 spr+ f\r p\nds ( sup]phosphate ( lime & two p\nds ( sulphate ( pota%4 ,! quantities /at$ 9 ea* case are suffici5t = a squ>e pole ( gr\nd4 ,wood a%es 79 a dry /ate7 are also ( great value1 & ^! %\ld be rak$ 9 a little 9 advance ( plant+ out4 ,! special prep>ation ( ! soil j describ$ entails ! rais+ ( plants 9 pots or boxes 9 read9ess = transf] to ! op5 z e>ly z wea!r p]mits 9 spr+4 ,! f9e/ fl[]s are und\bt$ly obta9$ f an autumn s[+1 & ab\t ! middle ( ,septemb] may be reg>d$ z ! be/ p]iod = putt+ 9 ! se$4 ,?is e>ly comm5cem5t possesses ! advantage ( all[+ ample "t = ! developm5t ( /urdy1 well-root$ plants1 :i* w n only bloom 9 advance ( ^? s[n 9 spr+ b w rema9 9 fl[] = an unusually long p]iod4 ,s[ 9 light por\s soil1 & ei!r ?ree-in* pots1 pans or boxes may be us$4 ,place 9 a cold frame & keep ! lights d[n until ! se$s h g]m9at$1 b aft]w>ds ! frame %\ld nev] be clos$ except dur+ sev]e wea!r4 ,!re mu/ be no misund]/&+ on ! "q ( air-giv+4 ,! ,sweet ,pea is almo/ h>dy1 & robu/ heal?y se$l+s1 gr[n z ne>ly z possible "u natural conditions1 are want$4 ,!re=e to subject ! plant to artificial heat w only defeat ! object 9 view4 ,a curr5t ( air %\ld be admitt$ to ! frame day & night1 & ! lights may be entirely remov$ on all fav\rable occasions4 ,b ! se$l+s w ne$ protection f excessive moi/ure1 = if too wet at ! roots !y are liable to injury f fro/4 ,:5 f\r pairs ( leaves are =m$1 /op ea* plant once1 & aft] a little fur!r progress has be5 made transplant s+ly into ?ree-in* pots4 ,keep ! pots 9 ! frame1 giv+ only su* protection f h>d wea!r z may be absolutely necess>y1 & plant out on ! fir/ suitable opportunity4 ,9 ! ,s\? transplant+ may be possible late 9 ,febru>y or at ! op5+ ( ,m>*1 b a mon? lat] w be saf] 9 di/ricts nor? ( ! ,tr5t4 ,^? :o = any reason d n f9d x conv5i5t to s[ 9 autumn may />t ! se$ e>ly 9 ! ye>--f mid-,janu>y onw>ds1 accord+ to ! di/rict4 ,! g5]al pr9ciples describ$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph apply equally to spr+ s[+s1 b x may be well to say t !re mu/ be no attempt to ha/5 gr[? by ! application ( a high temp]ature4 ,a frame w af=d all ! protection necess>y1 & ev5 a box cov]$ ) glass & plac$ 9 a %elt]$ spot w be f\nd s]viceable = rais+ se$l+s4 ,be=e plant+ out1 ! top soil ( ! gr\nd prep>$ 9 autumn mu/ be well work$ & made friable4 ,! disposition ( ! plants1 & ! me?od adopt$ = /ak+ !m1 w1 to a great ext5t1 dep5d on ! precise purpose = :i* ! fl[]s are requir$4 ,= g>d5 decoration s+le r[s answ] well1 & ! plants %\ld be spac$ "o foot ap>t4 ,or1 if pref]r$1 put out 9 clumps ( ?ree to five plants1 all[+ a diamet] ( f n9e to fifte5 in*es4 ,c>efully remove ! plants f ! pots or boxes 9 :i* !y 7 rais$1 dis5tangle ! roots & %ake !m q free f soil4 ,make a hole ( ! necess>y dep?1 & all[ ! roots to desc5d into ! gr\nd to _! full ext5t1 :i* may be z mu* z two feet 9 ! case ( well-gr[n specim5s f autumn-s[n se$4 ,give support imm$iately ) well-bran*$ twigs1 & x is important t ! plants be kept p]fectly upright4 ,f9ally /ake ) bu%y hazel /icks eight to t5 feet 9 height1 or tall] /ill :]e ! gr\nd has be5 g5]\sly prep>$4 ,long-/emm$ fl[]s free f blemi% are ess5tial = %[ "w & = ! highe/ =ms ( h\se decoration1 & to insure an adequate supply ov] an ext5d$ p]iod ! foll[+ me?od1 :i* is adopt$ by "s ( ! mo/ successful exhibitors1 is /rongly to be recomm5d$4 ,! plants are put out 9 d\ble r[s "o foot ap>t1 & spac$ a foot ap>t 9 ! l9es4 ,ea* plant %\ld c>ry two %oots only1 bo? ( :i* mu/ be provid$ ) a rod ( bamboo1 a%1 or hazel1 t5 to twelve feet 9 l5g?4 ,= ?is d\ble cordon sy/em ! rods w /& six in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s1 & x is desirable to make !m secure aga9/ damage f high w9ds4 ,ins]t a /\t pole at ea* end ( ! r[1 & ab\t sev5 feet f ! gr\nd-level fix to ea* pole a sub/antial wood5 crosspiece a little m ?an a foot 9 l5g?4 ,f ^! cross-pieces tightly /ret* /r&s ( wire1 to :i* securely tie ! rods4 ,z gr[? develops comm5ce disbudd+ promptly1 regul>ly remove all lat]als & t5drils1 & tie ea* cordon to its support+ rod ) raffia z (t5 z may be necess>y4 ,aft] transf] to ! op5 gr\nd ! plants mu/ nev] be all[$ to become dry at ! roots4 ,keep ! hoe go+ betwe5 ! r[s1 especially aft] ! soil has be5 beat5 d[n by ra94 ,! bloom+ p]iod c be prolong$ by ! simple exp$i5t ( daily remov+ ! dead or fad$ fl[]s4 ,! rip5+ ( only a few se$-pods spe$ily puts a /op to fl[]+4 ,9 ! op5 gr\nd se$ may be s[n 9 spr+ f ,febru>y to ,may1 & successional s[+s at int]vals ( a =tnight w ext5d ! supply ( fl[]s f> into autumnal days4 ,ev5 :]e a few clumps only c be gr[n x is unwise to dep5d on a s+le s[+4 ,autumn s[+s outdoors are (t5 made 9 ,septemb] or ,octob] :]e a w>m soil & fav\rable situation c be insur$4 ,sweet ,peas h two pr9cipal foes1 ! slug & ! sp>r[4 ,aga9/ ! =m] ! usual precautions1 su* z a%es1 old soot1 lime1 & v>i\s traps1 are available2 & ! latt] mu/ by "s means be prev5t$ f do+ mis*ief4 ,aft] ! buds %[ ?r\gh ! soil1 x is g5]ally too late = ! adoption ( rem$ies4 ,ne>ly all ! heads w be f\nd nipp$ (f & laid ready = inspection4 ,"o c\ld almo/ =give ! m>aud]s 7 food ! object1 b ! birds appe> to commit havoc f pure wantonness1 & :ole r[s are sometimes de/roy$ 9 a s+le morn+4 ,e>ly sprays are s mu* priz$ t ! practice ( fl[]+ ,sweet ,peas 9 pots "u glass is ye>ly increas+1 & = ?is purpose se$ mu/ be s[n 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]2 ! plants to be kept sl[ly mov+ dur+ ! d>k days4 ,9 ,febru>y ! gr[? w be m rapid1 b x is important to give ! plants ! h>die/ possible treatm5t4 ,9 ,april1 if prop]ly manag$1 !re w be a brilliant display4 ,! w9t]-fl[]+ race blooms freely at a /ill e>li] p]iod1 al?\gh ! plants are less vigor\s ?an o!r v>ieties4 ,,sweet ,,william ,dian?us b>batus4 ,h>dy bi5nial ,sweet ,william belongs to ! same g5us z ! ,p9k4 ,! f9e/ /ra9s produce sup]b heads ( fl[]s1 "s ( !m int5sely ri* 9 col\r1 :ile o!rs h a contra/+ edge4 ,! new v>ieties are s m>k$ an advance on old] col\rs t !y h creat$ a fre% int]e/ 9 ?is fav\rite g>d5 fl[]4 ,9 sev]al in/ances we h advis$ t bi5nials & p]5nials %\ld be treat$ z annuals1 bo? on ! gr\nd ( economy & = ! excell5t results obta9$ by ?is practice4 ,b ! ,sweet ,william is n am5able to any treatm5t :i* r$uces ! natural p]iod ( gr[?4 ,se$ may be s[n 9 ,may1 ,june or ,july = transplant+ 9 autumn1 & ! num]\s col\rs af=d opportunity ( obta9+ a great div]sity ( spl5did effects 9 b$s & bord]s4 ,,tobacco--see ,,nicotiana ,,tor5ia ,gre5h\se annual ,s[ 9 a w>m temp]ature 9 ,m>* or ,april4 ,prick (f :ile small into pots1 & subsequ5tly pot ! se$l+s s+ly4 ,any fairly good compo/ w suit !m4 ,! bran*es ne$ support1 & ! plants mu/ be kept free f gre5 fly4 ,! ,tor5ias make v elegant pot plants1 & !y are also well adapt$ = hang+ baskets & o!r ornam5tal contrivances4 ,,trop,,olum ,na/urtium1 or ,indian ,cress4 ,h>dy & half-h>dy annuals ,! ,tropolum tub]osum is treat$ "u ! #8,culture ( ,fl[]+ ,bulbs1' s t "h we h only to consid] ! v>ieties t are gr[n f se$4 ,!re are two di/9ct classes1 bo? widely cultivat$1 = ! se$ is inexp5sive1 & ! plants extremely %[y durable1 & easily rais$4 ,tropolum majus is ! climb+ ,na/urtium1 or great ,indian ,cress4 ,! fl[] z orig9ally obta9$ f ,p]u 0 a ri* orange1 m>k$ ) deep r$di%-br[n1 b x has be5 develop$ into v>i\s %ades ( yell[ & r$1 culm9at+ 9 a t9t :i* is almo/ black4 ,! leaves are ne>ly circul>1 & are atta*$ to ! long foot/alks by ! c5tre in/ead ( at ! m>g94 ,l\don fancifully comp>es ! leaf to a buckl]1 & ! fl[] to a helmet4 ,! ,lobbianum section is close 9 habit1 ) small] foliage borne on some:at woolly /ems4 ,all ! v>ieties bloom freely1 & con/itute a brilliant class ( climb]s ( great value = bright5+ ! backs ( bord]s or hid+ unsightly objects4 ,aft] ! se$s h be5 dibbl$ ab\t an in* deep 9 ei!r ,april or ,may1 ! only att5tion ! plants require is to nip out a /raggl+ %oot occasionally1 or prev5t a /ray bran* f rea*+ ov] & smo!r+ "s plant :i* w n endure its embraces4 ,! well-kn[n ,can>y ,creep] 7,t4 can>i5se7 is a p]fectly di/9ct v>iety1 & z a half-h>dy annual %\ld be rais$ "u protection & plant$ out 9 ,may1 al?\gh s[+s 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 ,april & ,may (t5 prove satisfactory4 ,unlike ! o!rs1 x ne$s a ri* soil to insure vigor\s gr[?4 ,:5 lib]ally treat$ ! entire plant w be cov]$ ) its bright fairy-l fl[]s1 until fro/ ends its c>e]4 ,tropolum majus nanum4--,! ,tom ,?umb1 or ,dw>f v>ieties1 make excell5t b$d+ plants1 bloom+ f> on into ! autumn aft] _m ( ! regul> b$d]s h fad$ & become %abby4 ,!re is an ext5sive *oice ( col\rs 9 r$s1 yell[s1 & br[ns1 :i* come p]fectly true f se$1 & all possess ! m]it ( fl[]+ freely on v poor soil4 ,!y gr[ luxuriantly on ri* l&1 b !n ! foliage becomes a m]e mask "u :i* ! fl[]s are conceal$4 ,!re is n "o ( ! ,tom ,?umb class t may n be treat$ z a h>dy annual1 & all af=d opportunity ( mak+ a gorge\s %[ ( col\r at a co/ ridicul\sly disproportionate to ! effect obta9$4 ,!y are also admirably adapt$ = pot culture1 mak+ %apely plants cov]$ ) bloom = a long p]iod4 ,_m ( ! lat] introductions 9 ,na/urtium are notable = _! ref9$ & delicate col\r+1 & are extremely desirable subjects = ! decoration ( ! d9n]-table & small vases 9 ! draw+-room4 ,z ! flav\r ( ! fl[]s & leaves some:at resembles t ( common ,cress1 !y are frequ5tly us$ 9 salads1 & are acc\nt$ an excell5t anti-scorbutic4 ,! fl[]s are legitimately employ$ 9 decorat+ ! salad-b[l1 because !y are n only ornam5tal b /rictly edible4 ,9 a gre5 /ate ! se$s ( bo? tall & dw>f v>ieties make an excell5t pickle :i* is occasionally us$ z a sub/itute = cap]s4 ,,v]b5a ,h>dy & half-h>dy p]5nials ,,v]b5as rais$ f ! be/ /ra9s ( se$ come true to col\r & ! plants are models ( heal? & vig\r1 & make respl5d5t b$s4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance to rememb] t ! ,v]b5a requires v little ( ! artificial heat to :i* x is commonly subject$1 & :i* fully acc\nts = ! frequ5cy ( disease among plants propagat$ f cutt+s4 ,se$ may be s[n 9 boxes 9 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 & ,m>*1 ! e>li] s[+s naturally requir+ m heat ?an ! lat] ones4 ,z ! se$l+s become l>ge en\gh1 !y %\ld be pott$ on & plant$ out 9 ,may1 :5 !y w fl[] ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 & f> into ! autumn4 ,v]b5as may also be s[n 9 ,m>* or ,april 9 boxes1 put into a frame1 & if kept moi/ a lot ( plants w appe> 9 ab\t a mon?4 ,:5 l>ge en\gh ^! mu/ be c>efully lift$ & pott$4 ,a ri*1 mell[1 & v sweet soil is ne$$ by ! ,v]b5a4 ,_m ( ! failures t occur 9 its cultivation are n only traceable to ! coddl+ ( ! plant "u glass1 b also to ! c>eless way 9 :i* x is (t5 plant$ on poor worn-out soil t has be5 cropp$ = ye>s )\t manure1 or ev5 ! sweet5+ effects ( a good digg+4 ,rais+ ,v]b5as f se$ has re/or$ ?is plant to ! li/ ( easily gr[n & ?or\ghly useful fl[]s = ! p>t]re4 ,! h>dy p]5nial ,v4 v5osa also comes p]fectly true & uni=m f se$4 ,,viola ,tuft$ ,pansy4 ,h>dy p]5nial ,?is plant well m]its its popul>ity = use 9 b$s & bord]s4 ,x is p]fectly h>dy1 ! habit is good1 & x cont9ues 9 bloom = sev]al mon?s 9 ! ye>4 ,! treatm5t prescrib$ = ,pansy is also suitable = ,viola4 ,,wallfl[] ,*eiran?us ,*eiri4 ,h>dy bi5nial ,wallfl[]s are (t5 s[n too late4 ,z a result ! gr[? is n ?or\ghly matur$1 & ! plants pres5t b a feeble %[ ( bloom4 ,!y %\ld 9 _! season be little m\nds ( fire & gold1 exhal+ a p]fume t few fl[]s c equal 9 its peculi> fre%ness4 ,s[ ! se$ 9 ,may or ,june1 9 a sunny place1 on r poor1 b sweet & well-prep>$ soil fav\rable to free root+4 ,:5 ! plants are two in*es high1 transplant into r[s six in*es asund]1 all[+ ?ree in*es ap>t 9 ! r[1 & z soon z ! plants ov]lap transplant aga91 six or n9e in*es ap>t e way1 aid+ ) wat] :5 ne$ful to help !m to new gr[?4 ,or lift e o!r r[ & e o!r plant1 leav+ ! rema9d] unt\*$ to supply fl[]s = cutt+4 ,:5 ! b$s are cle>$ ( _! summ] occupants1 !y may be fill$ ) ! be/ plants ( ,wallfl[]1 to af=d *e]ful gre5 leafage all ?r\gh ! w9t] & a gr& %[ ( bloom 9 ! spr+1 z fro/ w n hurt ! s+le v>ieties2 b ! d\bles w n always endure ! rig\rs ( a sev]e w9t]4 ,e>ly-fl[]+ ,v>ieties4--,by selection & cross-f]tilisation an e>ly-fl[]+ race ( ,wallfl[]s has be5 obta9$1 & x is n[ possible to enjoy = _m mon?s ( ! ye> a fragrance :i* has hi!rto be5 associat$ exclusively ) spr+4 ,f a s[+ made 9 ,may or ,june ! plants comm5ce fl[]+ 9 autumn & cont9ue ?r\gh\t ! w9t]1 unless *eck$ by fro/4 ,) ! adv5t ( spr+ wea!r1 h[ev]1 !y bur/ into full bloom1 mak+ a delightful display 9 advance ( ! ord9>y v>ieties4 ,,wig&ia ,half-h>dy p]5nial ,?is plant is gr[n = its foliage1 & is ext5sively us$ 9 sub-tropical g>d5+4 ,! in/ructions giv5 = rais+ ,ric9us 9 heat apply equally to ?is subject2 b x is n wise to rely on an op5-air s[+ = a supply ( ,wig&ias4 ,,z9nia ,z9nia elegans4 ,half-h>dy annual ,,! d\ble v>ieties ( ,z9nia h entirely eclips$ ! s+le =m ( ?is fl[]4 ,!y gr[ to an imm5se size & are extremely valuable = b$s & bord]s1 ! plants rema9+ 9 bloom = a consid]able p]iod4 ,d\ble ,z9nias are s v>i$ 9 col\r & beautiful 9 =m t !y des]ve to take high rank z exhibition fl[]s4 ,! ,z9nia is delicate1 & %\ld n be s[n too soon4 ,m>* is q e>ly en\gh to comm5ce op]ations1 & ! fir/ week 9 ,april w be none too late = s[+4 ,a compo/ t suits ,a/]s w answ] admirably = ,z9nias4 ,s[ 9 #d-a_/b in* pots1 :i* %\ld h v free dra9age1 & cov] ! se$ ?9ly ) f9e soil4 ,plunge ! pots at once 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #fj1 :5 ! se$ w g]m9ate quickly1 & ! plants on atta9+ "o in* 9 height c be pott$ (f sep>ately4 ,place !m 9 a close frame1 %ade f sun%9e1 & :5 well e/abli%$1 gradually give air & h>d5 (f4 ,x w n be safe to transf] to ! op5 until ! fir/ week 9 ,june1 unless ! position is exceptionally %elt]$ & ! soil v dry4 ,a %rubb]y bord] is a suitable spot1 & ! m scor*+ ! season ! f9] w be ! fl[]s4 ,!re mu/1 h[ev]1 be %elt] f ! w9d1 = ! /ems ( ,z9nias are holl[1 & easily damag$ by a /orm4 ,a satisfactory display ( ?is fl[] may be obta9$ )\t ! aid ( heat by s[+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd ab\t ! middle ( ,may4 ,select a sunny slop+ bord] or b$ = s[+1 enri* ! soil1 & make x f9e4 ,press ?is d[n r firmly1 !n drop ?ree or f\r se$s at int]vals ( f fifte5 to eighte5 in*es betwe5 ea* gr\p1 & lightly cov] !m4 ,9 due "t ?9 to "o plant at ea* /ation4 ,if !y ?rive ! bran*es w n only meet b ov]lap1 & produce a gr& display4 ,9 ! ev5t ( v dry wea!r at s[+ "t ! gr\nd may be wat]$ be=e ! se$ is put 91 & !n be cov]$ ) dry f9e soil4 ,z9nias d n transplant well1 except z small se$l+s4 ,:5 x is necess>y to und]take ! task1 *oose1 if possible1 a %[]y day1 & %ade ea* plant ) an inv]t$ fl[]-pot = a few days1 b take (f ! pots 9 ! ev5+4 ,z9nias int5d$ = exhibition mu/ be treat$ 9 a m g5]\s fa%ion ?an plants t are gr[n = bord] decoration1 or = ! sake ( yield+ cut fl[]s4 ,! se$ may be rais$ 9 heat z already direct$1 b ! bord] w ne$ to be prep>$ ) special c>e & lib]ality4 ,%\ld ! soil be heavy1 x mu/ be r$uc$ to a friable /ate dur+ w9t]4 ,be=e ! plants are put 91 raise ! l& into ridges ab\t f\r or five in*es high4 ,plant on ! top ( ! ridge1 & !n an application ( soot or lime 7n too ne> to inflict injury7 may be us$ z a precaution aga9/ slugs4 ,9 a wet season ! plants w /& a bett] *ance ?an if put on ! flat1 & if a scor*+ summ] comes !y w be none ! worse = x4 ,z ! fl[]+ "t approa*es mul* ! gr\nd ) well-decay$ manure4 ,! plants mu/ be c>efully /ak$ & ti$ out4 ,x is n m]ely necess>y to secure ! ma9 /em1 b ! bran*es %\ld also be support$1 or :5 weight$ ) fl[]s !y w be v liable to give way "u a mod]ate w9d4 ,sup]flu\s bran*es may be remov$1 b n s sev]ely z to />t new gr[? to ! detrim5t ( ! fl[]s4 ,disbudd+ also w h to be practis$ = ! highe/ class ( fl[]s4 ,only "o bloom %\ld be all[$ to develop on ea* bran* at a "t1 & ?is mu/ be protect$ f sun & ra9 aft] x is ab\t half gr[n4 ,,spr+ ,,fl[]s ,,f ,,se$s ,x is ! spr+ fl[]s t p]haps give ! greate/ *>m & int]e/ to ! ,engli% g>d54 ,comm5c+ ) ! fl[]+ trees1 ! ,almond1 ,d\ble ,pea*1 ,prunus ,piss>di1 & _m o!rs1 we soon h ! ,daffodils1 ,wallfl[]s1 & ,pansies1 mak+ ! gr\nd bright & gay aft] ! long dre>y w9t]4 ,x may promote economy 9 ! production ( ^! brilliant & *>m+ displays if we (f] a few rem>ks on ! employm5t ( spr+-fl[]+ plants :i* c easily be rais$ = ! purpose f se$s4 ,x w1 ( c\rse1 occur to ! read] t a consid]able proportion ( ! annuals t are usually s[n 9 autumn are p>ticul>ly adapt$ = produc+ ri* & v>i$ displays 9 spr+4 ,a type ( ?is class is f\nd 9 ! well-kn[n ,erysimum1 ,orange ,gem1 "o ( ! *eape/1 h>die/1 & mo/ respl5d5t plants ( ! k9d1 *eap en\gh = ! humble/ amateur to employ freely 9 8 bord]s & b$s1 & at ! same "t s effective 9 its col\r+ z to be adapt$ = ! mo/ complex & highly f9i%$ examples ( geometric "w4 ,ano!r /rik+ subject is ! ,sib]ian ,wallfl[] 7,*eiran?us ,allionii71 s ne>ly alli$ to ! ,erysimum1 ,orange ,gem1 ! gorge\s orange fl[]s add+ a fre% col\r to ! _m new %ades giv5 u 9 rec5t ye>s by ! old ,engli% ,wallfl[]4 ,among ! annuals are sev]al valuable spr+ fl[]s--su* z1 = example1 ,nemophila insignis1 well kn[n = its lovely blue blossoms1 & ! :ite v>iety1 alba1 ( ! same2 ,sapon>ia calabrica1 exquisite rosy p9k2 ,sil5e1 rose1 dw>f rose1 & dw>f :ite2 ,virg9ian ,/ock1 ( :i* ! di/9ct v>ieties are rem>kably well adapt$ to =m b&s & masses ( r$1 :ite1 & yell[1 & also to make a delightful gr\ndwork = enhanc+ ! spl5d\r ( late ,tulips2 & clumps ( ,aubrietia1 ,yell[ ,alyssum1 & o!r ( ! m di/9ctive plants t are employ$ 9 high col\r+ 9 fir/-class geometric g>d5+4 ,a li/ ( su* plants w at once indicate t !re is a field ( ent]prise = ! practition] ( spr+ fl[] g>d5+2 & :ile *eap & effective mat]ials are ?us br\ght into ! s]vice1 !re is no int]f]5ce ) ! lat] summ] b$d+1 because1 if ! annuals are well manag$1 !y w give _! pl5tiful bloom :5 ! g>d5 is mo/ 9 ne$ ( col\r1 & may be cle>$ (f 9 "t to make way = ! plants t are g5]ally employ$ 9 ! summ] display & :i* are kn[n z #8b$d+ plants' p> excell5ce4 ,9 ! managem5t ( annuals = an e>ly bloom1 x is ( great importance to s[ !m at a prop] "t1 s t !y w be /rong en\gh to p]=m :at is requir$ ( !m1 & yet n s =w>d 7or #8w9t] pr\d'7 z to suff] f ! sev]ity ( ! wea!r4 ,9 ! ,nor? ! middle ( ,augu/ is none too e>ly = a g5]al s[+ 9 b$s1 & 9 ! ,s\? ! middle ( ,septemb] is none too late4 ,9 "s few %elt]$ spots 9 ! extreme ,s\?-,we/ se$ may be got 9 at ! middle ( ,octob]4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! s[+ %\ld be made z late z ^? famili> ) ! soil & climate ( ! place may deem safe1 ! ma9 po9t be+ to h ! se$l+s 9 a %ort-jo9t$ condition1 close to ! gr\nd1 9 :i* /ate !y are lea/ likely to be injur$ by fro/s4 ,we pref] s[+ 9 drills on a r poor soil well brok5 up to a k9dly /ate1 & if ! wea!r happ5s to be dry1 ! drills %\ld be freely wat]$ be=e ! se$ is s[n1 & !re w be no m wat]+ ne$$4 ,! aft]-managem5t is extremely simple3 ! plants mu/ be kept cle> ( we$s1 & be slightly ?9n$ out if mu* cr[d$1 = a few /urdy specim5s are ( m value ?an any numb] t h run up weak & wiry ?r\gh ov]cr[d+4 ,9 %elt]$ g>d5s1 hav+ dry *alk or s&y soils1 ! great] "p1 or p]haps ! :ole /ock1 might be transplant$ f ! se$-b$s to ! fl[]-b$s & bord]s z soon z suffici5t gr[? has be5 made2 b on heavy soils & 9 expos$ places x w be advisable to delay ! removal until ,m>*4 ,?is "p ( ! "w mu/ be nicely done1 ! plants be+ lift$ 9 clumps & no attempt made to s+le !m1 & !y mu/ be c>efully press$ 9 & aid$ ) wat]1 if necess>y1 to promote a quick #8tak+ hold' ( _! new qu>t]s4 ,^? plant$ out 9 ,octob] on a dry soil w n only bloom e>ly & gaily1 b w be beautiful 9 _! diff]5t t9ts ( gre5 all ! w9t] ?r\gh4 ,b we are n re/rict$ to annuals 9 seek+ = spr+ fl[]s f se$s4 ,) v few exceptions1 all ! fav\rite plants ( ! spr+ g>d5 may be gr[n f se$s at a co/ almo/ inf9itesimal z comp>$ ) ! rais+ ( nam$ v>ieties f cutt+s & divisions4 ,daisies1 "s ( !m n[ almo/ z l>ge z ,a/]s1 are n only suit$ to ! ribbon bord]1 b make an amaz+ly brilliant %[ :5 ! :ite1 p9k1 & crimson are plant$ 9 masses or 9 sep>ate b$s4 ,se$l+s fl[] ) f> great] fre$om & produce mu* l>g] blooms ?an divid$ plants1 & ev5 aft] ! fir/ few weeks1 :5 ! lat] fl[]s become small] & less p]fect 9 =m1 a brilliant display is ma9ta9$ till late 9 ! summ] if ! b$s are n want$ = o!r ?+s4 ,pansies1 :i* are /ill unsurpass$ = b$s & bord]s1 are easily rais$ f se$4 ,:at is m int]e/+ ?an a long r[ ( plants ( ,p]fection ,pansy beside ! pa?way8 e /ep br+s "o to a fl[] ( p]fect *>m1 q diff]5t 9 m>k+ or col\r f any o!r4 ,! sev]al species & v>ieties ( ,arabis1 ,alyssum1 ,aubrietia1 ,viola1 ,polyan?us1 ,ib]is1 & ,=get-me-n also come q true f se$4 ,! precision ( /yle & col\r+ t results f rais+ ^! f cutt+s is1 ( c\rse1 admitt$2 b 9 =m+ masses & ribbon l9es1 m9ute individual *>act]s are ( less consequ5ce ?an a good g5]al effect1 & ?is may be insur$ by rais+ ! plants f se$ 9 a mann] s *eap & exp$iti\s t we feel assur$ spr+ b$d+ w\ld be m (t5 se5 9 its prop] fre%ness & fulness 7 ! sy/em we n[ recomm5d adopt$ 9 place ( ! t$i\s "o ( multiplication by (fsets & cutt+s4 ,wallfl[]s _c be gr[n 9 too great numb]s 9 any g>d51 = ei!r _! delightful p]fume or *>m+ col\r effect4 ,! /rik+ displays to be se5 9 "s ( our public p>ks & on seaside fronts h done mu* to popul>ise ?is old fav\rite fl[]4 ,s9ce ! fir/ edition ( ?is book 0 issu$1 _m new & rem>kable col\rs 9 ,wallfl[]s h be5 introduc$1 among ! la/1 b by no means lea/1 be+ ! ,fire ,k+ & ,orange ,b$d]4 ,x is by ! bl5d+ ( ! col\rs t ! mo/ tell+ effects c be produc$4 ,probably ,blood ,r$1 a v inadequate "n1 & ,clo? ( ,gold w always be ! mo/ fav\rite comb9ation1 & :5 plant$ toge!r "o sets (f ! o!r to a degree little ?\ght ( :5 ^! v>ieties are gr[n sep>ately4 ,purple & ! o!r yell[s 7,fa]ie ,que5e & ,mon>*7 also make a pleas+ b$4 ,fire ,k+ & ,orange ,b$d] %\ld be gr[n 9 masses1 sep>ately or toge!r1 & :5 se5 9 ! late aft]noon or e>ly ev5+ _! vivid & gorge\s col\r+ is almo/ unsurpass$ by any o!r fl[]4 ,! e>ly-fl[]+ ,wallfl[]s w1 9 mild w9t]s1 bloom f ,janu>y till ,april1 or ev5 z e>ly z ,*ri/mas4 ,x %\ld n be =gott5 t ^! bi5nial & p]5nial plants require m "t to prep>e !mselves = fl[]+ ?an d ! annuals4 ,if s[n 9 ,augu/ !y may n bloom at all ! next season1 or ! bloom may be late & insignificant4 ,b if s[n 9 ,may & ,june !y h a long season ( gr[? be=e w9t] sets 91 & at ! turn ( spr+ ! plants w be matur$ & /rongly set = bloom4 ,! s[+ ( bi5nial & p]5nial plants = a display ( spr+ fl[]s mu/ be c>efully done4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be mod]ately ri* & q mell[ ?r\gh be+ well brok5 up2 9 o!r words1 a good se$-b$ mu/ be prep>$4 ,if ! wea!r is dry1 ! drills %\ld be wat]$ be=e ! se$ is s[n2 & 9 ! ev5t ( a dr\ght1 ! "y plants mu/ h ! aid ( wat] to keep !m go+ ?r\gh ! summ]4 ,! se$ %\ld be s[n ?9ly1 &1 z soon z ! plants are l>ge en\gh1 !y %\ld be ?9n$ out if at all cr[d$1 & ! ?9n+s c be plant$ 9 r[s & %ad$ = a :ile4 ,z a rule1 ! :ole ( ! "w w be compris$ 9 s[+1 ?9n+1 & we$+4 ,9 av]age seasons !y w n require wat]+1 & 9 ?is matt] alone w be se5 ! advantage ( rais+ f se$s in/ead ( cutt+s4 ,ord9>y c>e1 ) su* plants z we h nam$1 w insure a spl5did display ( spr+ fl[]s2 & !y are wor? :atev] att5tion may be necess>y to promote complete & e>ly developm5t4 ,x may happ5 t plants f e>ly s[+s w %[ a few fl[]s 9 autumn if neglect$4 ,?is is easily prev5t$1 to ! great advantage ( ! plants1 by ! simple process ( #8/opp+' or nipp+ out ! po9ts ( ! lead+ %oots to cause ! production ( side %oots4 ,if a /urdy gr[? is ?us secur$1 & ! plants are transf]r$ to ! fl[]-b$s 9 ,octob]1 ! result w ju/ify ! lab\r4 ,practical g>d5]s w n ne$ to be in=m$ t ! sy/em we n[ propose is capable ( _m applications & expansions2 b x may be sugge/$ to amateurs :o lam5t ! dre>y aspect ( _! b$s & bord]s 9 ! mon? ( ,may & e>ly "p ( ,june1 t ! plants we recomm5d = ! =mation ( masses 9 ! geometric g>d5 are equally well adapt$ to =m beautiful clumps & %eets on bord]s1 banks1 & rock]ies1 z well z 9 _m in/ances to s]ve z a gr\ndwork to ,hyac9?s1 ,tulips1 ,n>cissi1 & o!r spl5did h>dy spr+ fl[]s4 ,sweet ,peas des]ve to be consid]$ sep>ately4 ,^! fl[]s are n[ s v>i$ & exquisitely beautiful t !y nev] appe> 9 ! g>d5 too e>ly4 ,f autumn s[+s n only are ! mo/ =w>d blooms obta9$1 b = size & int5sity ( col\r ! fl[]s are unsurpass$ by ! lat] displays f spr+ s[+s4 ,,! ,,culture ,,( ,,fl[]+ ,,bulbs ,our popul> fl[]+ bulbs are obta9$ f _m l&s2 !y are exce$+ly div]sifi$ 9 "*1 & !y bloom at diff]5t p]iods ( ! ye>4 ,ea* v>iety has a value ( its own1 & answ]s to "s special requirem5t 9 its prop] season "u glass or 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,9 ! d>ke/ w9t] days we prize ! gl[ ( ,tulips & ,hyac9?s = bright5+ our homes4 ,& bleak days are n all pa/ :5 ,aconites & ,sn[drops sp>kle 9 b$s & bord]s4 ,! ,anemones foll[ 9 ,m>*1 & dur+ ! l5g!n+ days ( spr+ !re are sumptu\s b$s ( ,hyac9?s1 ,n>cissi1 & ,tulips4 ,:5 high summ] beg9s to decl9e we h /ately gr\ps ( ,gladioli & _m beautiful ,lilies 9 ! %rubb]y bord]s4 ,n lea/ among ! m]its ( ,dut* ,bulbs is ! ease ) :i* !y c be =c$ into fl[] at a p]iod ( ! ye> :5 bright blossoms are p>ticul>ly preci\s1 & !y are equally available = ! gr&e/ cons]vatory or ! humble/ cottage w9d[4 ,!y are attractive s+ly 9 pots or vases1 or !y c be arrang$ 9 spl5did banks & gr\ps = ! highe/ decorative purposes4 ,ano!r advantage is t bulbs endure treatm5t :i* w\ld be fatal to _m o!r fl[]s4 ,!y c be gr[n 9 small pots1 or be almo/ pack$ toge!r 9 boxes or se$-pans2 & :5 ne> p]fection !y may be %ak5 out & h ! roots wa%$ = glasses1 f]n]ies1 & small aqu>ia2 or !y c be replant$ close toge!r 9 s&1 & cov]$ ) gre5 moss4 ,_! h>d9ess1 too1 p]mits ( _! be+ gr[n & successfully fl[]$ )\t ! lea/ aid f artificial heat4 ,small b$s & bord]s may be made brilliant ) ^! fl[]s1 & ! numb] ( bulbs t c be plant$ 9 a v limit$ space is some:at a/oni%+ to a novice4 ,unlike _m o!r subjects1 bulbs may be r cr[d$ )\t injury to individual specim5s4 ,= ! decoration ( w9d[s no o!r fl[]s c comp>e ) ,dut* ,bulbs 9 v>iety & brilliancy ( col\r4 ,"s ( !m are n p>ticul>ly long-liv$1 & ?is ne$ occasion no regret1 = x af=ds opportunity ( mak+ con/ant *anges 9 ! "* & col\r ( ! m9iature exhibition1 :i* may easily be ext5d$ ov] _m weeks4 ,& a really beautiful display is )9 rea* ( ^? :o h n a scrap ( g>d5 9 :i* to br+ an ord9>y plant to p]fection4 ,unus$ attics & lead flats c1 ) a little skill & att5tion 9 ! case ( bulbs1 be made to answ] ! purpose :i* pits & gre5h\ses s]ve = _m ( our %[y plants4 ,"s ( ! mo/ attractive fl[]+ plants _c be successfully gr[n 9 l>ge c5tres ( population1 b bulbs w produce h&some blossoms ev5 9 smoky t[ns4 ,we d n recomm5d ! attempt to gr[ bulbs 9 ! actual w9d[-boxes4 ,x is seldom entirely satisfactory4 ,!y %\ld be treat$ 9 ! mann] advis$ "u ! sev]al v>ieties 9 ! foll[+ pages1 & j z ! col\rs are becom+ visible1 a selection c be made f pots or boxes = cr[d+ closely 9 ! ornam5tal arrangem5ts = ! w9d[4 ,:5 ! fir/ occupants %[ signs ( fad+1 o!rs c be br\ght =w>d to fill _! places1 & ?is process may be repeat$ until ! /ock is exhau/$4 ,w9t] ,aconites1 ,sn[drops1 ,squills1 & ,glory ( ! ,sn[ furni% ! e>lie/ display2 ^! to be foll[$ by ,crocuses1 ,tulips1 ,hyac9?s1 & ! _m =ms ( ! great ,n>ciss family1 until spr+ is f> advanc$4 ,! secret ( _! accommodat+ nature lies 9 ! fact t )9 ! ,hyac9? or ,tulip e petal ( ! com+ fl[] is already /or$4 ,dur+ ! five or six ye>s ( its progressive life ! capacities ( ! bulb h be5 /eadily cons]v$1 & we h b to unfold its beauty1 aim+ at %ort /\t gr[? & int5sity ( col\r4 ,( c\rse !re is an imm5se diff]5ce 9 ! quality ( bulbs1 & !y necess>ily v>y accord+ to ! "* ( ! season4 ,! mo/ successful gr[]s _c insure uni=mity 9 any "o v>iety ye> aft] ye>1 because ! seasons are beyond human control4 ,b ^? :o regul>ly visit ! bulb f>ms c obta9 ! f9e/ roots ( ! ye>1 al?\gh x may be necess>y to select f _m s\rces4 ,su* bulbs z ,lilies1 ,iris1 ,montbretia1 ,hyac9?us1 & ,al/roem]ia suff] no det]ioration aft] ! fir/ ye>'s fl[]+4 ,inde$1 x w be ! cultivator's fault if !y d n increase 9 numb] & c>ry f9] heads ( bloom 9 succe$+ ye>s4 ,z outdoor subjects "s ( !m are n yet appreciat$ at _! full value4 ,magnific5t z ,lilium auratum & ,l4 lancifolium mu/ ev] be 9 cons]vatories1 !y exhibit _! impos+ proportions to great] advantage1 & _! weal? ( p]fume is f> m acceptable1 :5 gr[n among h&some %rubs 9 ! bord]4 ,v little att5tion is ne$$ to br+ !m up ye> aft] ye> 9 ev]-increas+ lovel9ess4 ,gr[+ ,bulbs 9 ,moss-fibre4--,a mo/ int]e/+ me?od ( gr[+ bulbs is to place !m 9 b[ls & j>d9ires fill$ ) prep>$ moss-fibre1 & f> bett] results = home decoration may be obta9$ 9 ?is way ?an by us+ ord9>y pott+ soil 9 vases1 c4 ,= ?is sy/em ( culture no dra9age is necess>y1 & ! b[ls & vases :i* are specially made = ! purpose are n pi]c$ ) ! usual holes = ! escape ( wat]4 ,! receptacles are non-por\s & may be plac$ on tables & columns1 or !y c be employ$ 9 halls & corridors )\t ! slighte/ risk ( injury4 ,! fibre is p]fectly clean to h&le1 od\rless1 & rema9s sweet = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,vases ( any k9d may be us$1 provid$ !y are non-por\s1 b ! bulbs to be plant$ 9 !m %\ld be ( a suitable size4 ,= q small j>d9ires1 :ite & purple ,crocuses1 ,scillas1 ,sn[drops1 & ,grape ,hyac9?s are available1 also ! small] v>ieties ( ,n>cissi4 ,l>g] vases w accommodate ,hyac9?s1 ,n>cissi1 ,tulips1 c4 ,x is bett] n to mix diff]5t k9ds ( bulbs 9 "o b[l unless simultane\s fl[]+ c be insur$4 ,! specially prep>$ fibre ne$s only to be moi/5$ be=e use4 ,hav+ select$ suitable receptacles = ! bulbs to be gr[n1 place a few pieces ( *>coal at ! bottom ( ea* b[l4 ,!n cov] ! *>coal ) "o to ?ree in*es ( moi/5$ fibre accord+ to ! dep? ( ! b[l1 plac+ ! bulbs 9 positions s t _! tips rea* to )9 half-in* ( ! rim4 ,! spaces betwe5 & ar\nd ! bulbs to be fill$ ) moi/5$ fibre1 c>efully firm$ 9 by h&4 ,! bulbs w require practically no att5tion = ! fir/ few weeks & may be /ood 9 a w>m1 airy position1 b on no acc\nt mu/ !y be %ut up 9 a close cupbo>d4 ,if ! fibre has be5 prop]ly moi/5$ !re w be no ne$ to give wat] until ! %oots are an in* or s long1 b ! fibre mu/ n be all[$ to g dry1 or ! fl[]-buds become #8bl9d4' ,! surface ( ! fibre %\ld always look moi/1 b if too mu* wat] has be5 giv5 ! b[l may be held c>efully on its side s t ! surplus wat] c dra9 away4 ,z ! gr[? increases m wat] w be requir$ & all ! light possible mu/ be giv5 to insure /urdy foliage4 ,?is fibre also answ]s admirably in/ead ( wat] = ,hyac9?s gr[n 9 glasses1 b c>e %\ld be tak5 to fill ! glasses z lightly z possible ) ! compo/2 if cramm$ 9 tightly ! root gr[? is liable to lift ! bulbs out ( position4 ,,a*im5es ,%[y /ove bulbs rem>kable = _! beauty4 ,giv5 a suffici5cy ( heat1 ! cultivation is ( ! easie/ nature1 = !y gr[ rapidly & fl[] freely1 if pott$ 9 s&y peat1 & kept 9 a w>m gre5h\se or ! coole/ "p ( a /ove1 9 a some:at humid atmosph]e4 ,x ne$s only ! simple/ managem5t to h ^! plants 9 bloom at almo/ any season ( ! ye>1 = ! bulbs may be kept dormant = a consid]able l5g? ( "t )\t injury1 & may be />t$ into gr[? z requir$ to keep up a long succession ( fl[]s4 ,!y are occasionally well gr[n 9 common frames ov] hot-b$s4 ,= susp5d$ baskets ,a*im5es are invaluable4 ,,agapan?us ,9 fav\r$ di/ricts on ! ,s\? coa/ ?is noble plant succe$s admirably if plant$ out betwe5 ,septemb] & ,m>* 9 a ri*1 deep1 moi/ loam1 ei!r 9 full sun or 9 p>tial %ade4 ,:5 gr[n 9 pots x requires a /rong loamy soil1 ) pl5ty ( manure1 & ?r\gh\t ! summ] ! pots %\ld be all[$ to /& 9 pans ( wat]4 ,z ! ,agapan?us is a gross-fe$+ plant1 x %\ld be re-pott$ annually 9 autumn1 & be w9t]$ 9 a cool pit or frame4 ,9 transf]r+ to new pots a little c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid injur+ ! mass ( fle%y roots4 ,,allium ,! ,allium neapolitanum is ! f9e/ :ite-fl[]$ v>iety1 & is exce$+ly valuable = b\quets & vase decoration4 ,! l>ge umbels ( blossoms are ( ! pure/ :ite4 ,x is "o ( ! e>lie/ spr+-fl[]+ bulbs1 &1 al?\gh q h>dy1 x comes =w>d quickly & easily 9 a cool h\se4 ,,al/roem]ia ,an elegant plant :i* belongs to ! ne>ly h>dy gr\p ref]r$ to 9 ! notice ( ,ixia4 ,9 autumn x may be safely plant$ out 9 almo/ any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 provid$ x is plant$ n9e in*es deep1 & c h a sunny position on a dry soil1 = damp is m hurtful to x ?an fro/4 ,z a pot plant x is comp>atively useless1 b if all[$ to rema9 sev]al ye>s 9 a dry bord]1 a l>ge clump ( any ( ! v>ieties pres5ts a brilliant appe>ance :5 9 fl[]4 ,,am>yllis ,see rem>ks "u ,lilies at page #cdj4 ,,anemone ,w9dfl[] ,our obs]vations on ?is fl[] w be limit$ to ! tub]\s v>ieties2 b ev5 ) ?is re/riction1 ! range ( =m & col\r is exce$+ly wide4 ,! ,anemone is an accommodat+ plant1 & c be successfully fl[]$ ei!r 9 pots or 9 b$s1 at ! option ( ! cultivator4 ,! mo/ natural place = x is ne> %ady woodl& walks1 :]e x c be se5 to ! greate/ advantage4 ,b x is also a spl5did subject = masses 9 ! mix$ bord]1 or 9 front ( %rubb]ies2 & alone 9 b$s x makes a brilliant & la/+ %[4 ,= all ! purposes ( g>d5 decoration to :i* ! ,crocus1 ,hyac9?1 & ,tulip are appli$1 ! ,w9dfl[] is equally well adapt$4 ,we d n advise plant+ s+ly1 b ! ,anemone answ]s admirably 9 l9es1 gr\ps1 or b$s1 & ! col\rs admit ( numb]less h>monies & contra/s4 ,! common] ,anemones ne$ only to be plant$ ab\t ?ree in*es deep1 ) ! eyes upw>ds1 at any "t betwe5 ,septemb] & ,m>*1 & !y w require little or no att5tion aft]w>ds4 ,"u trees1 in/ead ( plant+ 9 a =mal patt]n1 x is wor? :ile to put !m 9 ) "s attempt at natural gr\p+1 & n too close toge!r--say f six in*es to a foot ap>t4 ,9 su* positions !y may be left undi/urb$ = ye>s2 & if ! soil happ5s to be a good s&y loam1 !y w ?rive & increase4 ,9 masses or b$s )9 ! g>d51 h[ev]1 a ri*] effect is want$1 & ! di/ance betwe5 ! roots %\ld n exce$ f f\r to six in*es4 ,a *oice collection ( roots is wor? m c>e1 & flori/s are accu/om$ to prep>e ! b$s = _! reception ) fa/idi\s exactness4 ,! soil1 if n consid]$ suitable1 is tak5 out to ! dep? ( two feet1 & is replac$ by a ri* & specially prep>$ compo/4 ,al?\gh ! individual fl[]s produc$ by ?is me?od are g5]ally v f9e1 & ! total effect ( ! b$ is exce$+ly beautiful1 yet ! tru? mu/ be confess$ t = ord9>y g>d5+ ! sy/em is extravagant & unnecess>y4 ,z a hobby1 x is1 ( c\rse1 ju/ifiable en\gh2 b ,anemones ( high quality c be gr[n by a mu* simpl] mode ( proc$ure4 ,"o deep digg+ !re c]ta9ly %\ld be1 & a lay] ( manure at ! bottom ( ea* tr5* is s\nd treatm5t1 = x supplies ! roots ) food & a cool subsoil4 ,poor l& %\ld also be enri*$ by incorporat+ a dress+ ( decay$ manure z ! "w proce$s4 ,subsequ5tly "o or two light surface =k+s w help to make ! b$ mell[4 ,a r\gh plan1 %[+ ! "n & position ( e root1 w be a saf] record ?an labell+ 9 ! usual way1 & x also prev5ts ! disfigurem5t ( ! b$4 ,!re %\ld be a di/ance ( six in*es betwe5 ! roots2 & !y may be put 9 s+ly by means ( ! tr[el1 or 9 drills drawn ?ree in*es deep4 ,! =m] me?od is g5]ally adopt$ = gr\ps2 b to insure regul>ity 9 fl[]+ ! plant+ mu/ be uni=m 9 dep?4 ,= b$s1 drills are m reliable1 & !y are spe$ily made4 ,! "t ( plant+ det]m9es to a consid]able ext5t ! date ( fl[]+2 &1 z ! roots may be put 9 dur+ autumn1 w9t]1 & e>ly spr+1 x is easy to secure a succession ( ,anemones f ,janu>y until ,may4 ,b ?is fl[] is ( s mu* m value e>ly 9 ! ye> ?an at a lat] p]iod1 :5 _m o!r subjects bright5 ! g>d51 t x is sc>cely wor? :ile to plant s late z ,m>*4 ,! ,anemone is well wor? gr[+ 9 pots1 bo? = its foliage & fl[]s4 ,x does n res5t =c+ to ! same ext5t z ! ,ranunculus2 nev]!less1 cool treatm5t is almo/ ess5tial to d x full ju/ice4 ,! pott+ %\ld be done 9 bat*es to insure a succession ( fl[]s1 & ! fir/ lot may be put 9 at ! end ( ,augu/1 or beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,!y %\ld h ! b5efit ( really good soil2 a mixture ( leaf-m\ld & loam1 ) ! addition ( a little p[d]$ *>coal1 w suit !m exactly4 ,9 prep>+ ! pots1 place a lay] ( light manure above ! crocks1 :i* w assi/ ! dra9age & b5efit ! plants4 ,!n fill ) compo/ to )9 two in*es ( ! top1 & lay 9 ! roots2 add soil to a level ) ! rim1 & press lightly d[n4 ,! /ronge/ roots %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be select$ = pott+1 & x w ne$ m ?an a ha/y glance to put !m 9 ) ! eyes upw>ds4 ,"o or m roots may be plant$ 9 ea* pot1 accord+ to ! size ( ! latt]4 ,! e>ly plant+s c be plac$ 9 any w>m position out ( doors1 su* z "u a s\? wall2 b aft] ! middle ( ,octob] remove to a cold pit1 or on to ! gre5h\se /age4 ,wat]+ is all ! att5tion !y w require1 & ( ?is !re mu/ be no /9t1 especially dur+ ! bloom+ p]iod4 ,a high temp]ature at any /age is ne$less1 & if !y are j kept out ( ! rea* ( fro/ !y w take excell5t c>e ( !mselves4 ,anemones are adapt$ = _m decorative purposes2 !y make capital w9d[ plants1 & _! %>ply cut foliage is v ornam5tal 9 ! draw+-room or on ! d9n]-table4 ,,babiana ,babianas are delicately con/itut$1 b extremely elegant plants :5 well gr[n4 ,?\gh f> f %[y1 !y appeal to ! educat$ eye = appreciation ( _! blue & purple oculate fl[]s4 ,! culture is ! same z = ! ,ixia1 & we incl9e /rongly to ! practice ( keep+ ! bulbs at lea/ two seasons 9 ! same pots4 ,,begonia1 ,,tub]\s-,,root$ ,few fl[]s h a great] claim on ! att5tion ( horticulturi/s ?an ! ,tub]\s-root$ ,begonia1 ei!r = ! ease ) :i* x c be gr[n1 or = ! _m valuable purposes to :i* ! plant may be appli$4 ,x c be fl[]$ at any "t f ,febru>y until ,octob]1 & is available = all k9ds ( indoor decoration1 & also = gr[+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,in/ead ( all[+ ! plants to be rudely dri$ (f1 x is wor? a little tr\ble to r$uce !m sl[ly to ! dormant /ate by gradually )hold+ wat]4 ,!y %\ld /ill be reta9$ 9 pots1 :i* may be /or$ "u a ?ick lay] ( a%es or dry peat 9 any cell>1 frame1 or %$ :]e ! !rmomet] /&s pretty uni=mly at ab\t #ej4 ,! /ore %\ld also be dry1 = damp is q z injuri\s to ^! roots z cold4 ,g5]ally speak+1 x may be said t any /ore :i* is safe = ,dahlias w also pres]ve ,tub]\s-root$ ,begonias4 ,aft] ! w9t]'s re/ ! bulbs are inv>iably sauc]-%ap$1 & 9 ! ev5t ( _! be+ wat]$ be=e gr[? has comm5c$1 suffici5t wat] w rema9 9 ! holl[ to de/roy ! bulb4 ,?is peculi>ity makes x dang]\s to />t ! plant be=e activity is evid5t4 ,9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y1 z ! bulbs %[ signs ( life1 pot !m almo/ on ! surface ( a ri* loamy soil1 & employ ! smalle/ pots possible4 ,nurse !m ) a little c>e 9 a w>m place = ab\t t5 days1 & !y %\ld !n be v gradually h>d5$4 ,a regul> sy/em ( pott+ on w be necess>y until ! f9al size is rea*$2 & at ea* op]ation ! plants %\ld be ins]t$ r deep] ?an be=e4 ,if re-pott+ is def]r$ too long1 ! foliage w turn yell[--a sure sign t ! plant is />v+4 ,no fl[]s %\ld be all[$ 9 ! e>ly /ages ( gr[?1 & ?is rule is imp]ative if f9e specim5s are want$2 b :5 ! plants are transf]r$ j z ! pots are full ( roots1 !re w be little disposition to bloom prematurely4 ,:ile gr[+1 ! ,tub]\s ,begonia delights 9 a humid atmosph]e1 b ?is %\ld be avoid$ aft] fl[]+ has comm5c$4 ,:5 /icks are ins]t$ = ty+ out ! fl[]s1 ! bulbs mu/ n be w\nd$4 ,! erect-gr[+ v>ieties are valuable = l[ cons]vatory /ages1 & !y =m spl5did gr\ps 9 corn]s ( draw+-rooms4 ,! droop+ k9ds are se5 to advantage on brackets1 %elves1 & 9 susp5d$ baskets2 & ! %ort-jo9t$ plants ( ! droop+ class are specially adapt$ = rock]ies & b$s4 ,!y mu/ n be put into ! op5 until ! dang] ( a nipp+ ea/ w9d is pa/4 ,! e>ly "p ( ,june is g5]ally ab\t ! "r "t4 ,9 ! autumn x is usual to lift & pot ! plants1 al?\gh 9 mild di/ricts1 & 9 a light soil1 !y may safely be left out all ! w9t] "u ! %elt] ( a heap ( a%es or decay$ manure4 ,9 b$s ?is plan is sc>cely wor? adoption1 because x leaves ! gr\nd b>e = sev]al mon?s2 b :]e ,begonias are gr[n 9 ! res]ve bord] to furni% a supply ( fl[]s = cutt+1 x may be a consid]able advantage to leave !m until ! foll[+ ye>4 ,a ^w is necess>y z to soil4 ,! ,begonia is a gross fe$]1 & to develop its f9e qualities !re mu/ be a lib]al employm5t ( manure4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is sc>cely possible to make ! soil too ri* = ?is fl[]4 ,,*ionodoxa ,glory ( ! ,sn[ ,! v>i$ blue t9ts ( ! ,*ionodoxa1 its m op5 blossoms1 & l>g] size1 di/+ui% ?is fl[] f its old] & ju/ly priz$ rival1 ! ,scilla4 ,inde$1 ! ,*ionodoxa is exquisitely beautiful1 & ( great value = pot culture1 b$s1 or bord]s4 ,five bulbs may be gr[n 9 a #dh-siz$ pot1 & 9 ! bord] n less ?an half a doz5 %\ld be plant$ 9 a gr\p4 ,employ$ z a s+le or d\ble l9e1 x also produces a /rik+ bit ( col\r+4 ,! bulbs %\ld be plant$ 9 autumn f\r in*es deep1 ! di/ance betwe5 be+ n m ?an ?ree in*es4 ,any ord9>y g>d5 soil w gr[ ?is fl[]1 & x is advisable to all[ ! bulbs to rema9 undi/urb$ = sev]al ye>s1 z ! effect w be ! great] 9 ea* succe$+ spr+4 ,,crocus ,?is brilliant h>b+] ( spr+ w ?rive 9 any soil or situation1 b to be br\ght to ! highe/ possible p]fection x %\ld be gr[n 9 an op5 b$ or bord] ( deep1 ri*1 dry s&y loam4 ,! bulbs %\ld be plant$ dur+ ,septemb]1 ,octob]1 & ,novemb]4 ,if kept out ( ! gr\nd aft] ! end ( ! ye> !y w be s]i\sly damag$1 & h[ev] c>efully plant$1 w n fl[] 9 a satisfactory mann]4 ,plant ?ree in*es deep 9 l9es1 clumps1 or masses1 z ta/e may sugge/1 putt+ ! bulbs two in*es ap>t4 ,if conv5i5t1 let !m rema9 undi/urb$ two or ?ree ye>s1 & !n take !m up & plant aga9 9 well-prep>$ & lib]ally manur$ soil4 ,a b$ ( mix$ ,crocuses has a pleas+ appe>ance1 b 9 select+ bulbs = ! geometric g>d5 x is m effective to employ di/9ct col\rs1 res]v+ ! yell[ = ! ext]ior p>ts ( ! design to def9e its b\nd>ies1 & us+ ! blue & ! :ite 9 masses & b&s )94 ,9 di/ricts :]e sp>r[s attack ! fl[]s1 !y may be det]r$ f do+ mis*ief by /ret*+ ov] ! b$s a few /r&s ( black ?read1 :i* w n int]f]e ) ! beauty ( ! display1 & w t]rify ! sp>r[s = a suffici5t p]iod to save ! fl[]s4 ,! nam$ v>ieties are invaluable = pot & frame culture1 & to =ce = decorative purposes2 = ?\gh ! individual fl[]s are %ort-liv$1 ! f9e/ bulbs yield a long succession ( bloom1 & 9 "* ,crocuses are q di/9ct f all o!r fl[]s ( ! same e>ly season4 ,:5 gr[n 9 pots & baskets1 ! bulbs %\ld be plac$ close toge!r to produce a /rik+ effect4 ,a light1 ri* soil is desirable1 b !y may be fl[]$ 9 a mixture ( *>coal & moss1 or 9 fibre1 or moss alone4 ,:5 requir$ 9 quantity = ornam5tal baskets & simil> receptacles1 x is wise to plant !m 9 %all[ boxes fill$ ) rott5 manure & leaf-m\ld1 & to lift !m out sep>ately1 & pack !m :5 9 fl[] 9 ! ornam5tal baskets4 ,a p]fect display ( fl[]s 9 precisely ! same /age ( developm5t c ?us be secur$1 & successional displays may foll[ z long z supplies rema9 9 ! boxes4 ,,cr[n ,,imp]ial ,fritill>ia imp]ialis ,a noble plant :i* ne$s a deep1 ri*1 moi/ soil1 & an op5 situation1 to insure ! full degree ( /atel9ess1 b x w make a v good figure 9 any bord] :]e x c enjoy a glimm] ( sun%9e4 ,!re are sev]al di/9ct v>ieties1 ! fl[]s ( :i* range 9 col\r f pale/ yell[ to ! deepe/ %ade ( orange & r$di% buff1 & !re are o!rs :i* h v>iegat$ leaves4 ,!y %\ld be plant$ 9 autumn eighte5 in*es ap>t1 all[+ f f\r to six in*es ( soil above ! cr[ns4 ,,cyclam5 ,al?\gh x is advisable to raise ,cyclam5s f se$ e ye>1 occasions arise :5 x is necess>y to /ore ! bulbs = a second season1 & ! be/ me?od ( treat+ !m dur+ ! p]iod ( re/ mu/ be consid]$4 ,z ! production ( se$ weak5s ! corms1 pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to ^? :i* h n be5 subject$ to ?is tax on _! en]gies4 ,at ! close ( ! fl[]+ season ! bulbs %\ld be gradually r$uc$ to a re/+ /ate by )hold+ moi/ure4 ,:5 ! foliage turns yell[ ! pots may be laid on _! sides 9 a cold frame1 if available1 or 9 any o!r conv5i5t place :]e !y w n be =gott51 until ab\t ! middle ( ,july4 ,!y %\ld !n be plac$ upright1 & h a supply ( wat]4 ,aft] fre% gr[? has fairly comm5c$1 %ake ! bulbs out ( ! pots1 remove mo/ ( ! old soil1 & re-pot 9 a compo/ consi/+ ( mell[ turfy loam & leaf-m\ld1 ) a suffici5t admixture ( silv] s& to insure dra9age4 ,! corm %\ld be s plac$ 9 ! pot z to br+ ! cr[n ab\t level ) ! rim1 & e c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid injur+ ! "y roots4 ,place ! pots 9 a close frame = a few days1 aft] :i* ample v5tilation %\ld be giv5 to ma9ta9 a robu/ condition4 ,! lights may rema9 con/antly op5 until !re is dang] f autumn fro/s4 ,specim5s t %[ a great numb] ( fl[]-buds %\ld be assi/$ occasionally ) weak manure wat]4 ,c4 ,c\m & ,c4 europum are r>ely well gr[n1 = al?\gh q h>dy1 ! climate ( ?is c\ntry does n suit !m 9 _! season ( fl[]+1 :i* is ! e>ly spr+4 ,! cool gre5h\se is ! safe/ place = !m1 except 9 %elt]$ spots1 :]e !y may be plant$ out on a bord] ( peat1 or among/ f]ns 9 a rock]y4 ,:5 gr[n 9 pots1 light turfy loam & peat 9 equal quantities1 ) a f\r? "p ( c[-manure & a lib]al addition ( s&1 w =m an excell5t compo/ = !m4 ,! pots %\ld nev] be expos$ to ! dry+ action ( ! sun or w9d1 b %\ld be plung$ to ! rim 9 coal-a%es4 ,! be/ "t = pott+ or plant+ !m is ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,in/ructions on rais+ ,cyclam5s f se$ w be f\nd at page #bef4 ,,daffodil--see ,,n>cissus1 page #cdd ,,dog',s-,,too? ,,violet ,! r$ & :ite v>ieties are z h>dy z any plant 9 our g>d5s1 & by _! neat habit & elegant leaves & fl[]s !y are admirably adapt$ to plant 9 quantities 9 ! front ( a rock]y1 9 ei!r peat or s&y loam & leaf-m\ld4 ,!y are equally suitable = edg+ small b$s 9 g>d5s :]e spr+ fl[]s are sy/ematically gr[n2 9 fact1 !y are true #8spr+ b$d]s4' ,autumn is ! prop] "t to plant ! bulbs4 ,b ,dog's-too? ,violets are also wor? gr[+ 9 pots1 especially :]e an unheat$ #8,alp9e h\se' is kept = plants ( ?is class4 ,sev]al bulbs may be put 9 a pot ( ! #dh-size4 ,,f]r>ia--see ,,tigridia1 page #cej ,,freesia ,! s+ul>ly graceful =m1 wide range ( beautiful col\rs1 & delici\s p]fume ( ?is fl[] h made x an imm5se fav\rite2 & happily !re is no ,cape bulb :i* c be gr[n ) great] ease 9 ! frame or cool gre5h\se4 ,"o *>act]i/ic is v m>k$1 & x is ! disproportion betwe5 ! small bulb & ! f9e fl[]s produc$ f x4 ,procure ! bulbs z e>ly 9 ! autumn z possible1 & lose no "t 9 pott+ !m4 ,any light ri* soil w answ]1 b t :i* suits !m be/ is compos$ ( two p>ts ( loam1 "o ( leaf-m\ld1 & "o ( peat1 ) en\gh s& or grit add$ to insure dra9age4 ,comm5ce ) pots ( ! "r size1 = ! roots are extremely brittle1 & !re mu/ be no risk ( injur+ !m by re-pott+4 ,! #dh-size w accommodate sev]al bulbs4 ,place "u a s\? wall1 & cov] ) leaf-m\ld until top gr[? comm5ces1 & !n remove ! cov]+4 ,at ! end ( ,septemb] transf] ! pots to a cold frame1 & :5 ! plants atta9 a height ( f\r in*es1 support !m ) neat /icks1 :i* %\ld n be ins]t$ too ne> ! bulbs4 ,wat]+ w require judgm5t1 = too mu* moi/ure turns ! foliage yell[4 ,:5 ! pots are full ( roots1 liquid manure twice a week w be helpful4 ,aft] ! bloom+ season has pass$1 enc\rage ! foliage to )] by )hold+ wat]4 ,! roots may be /or$ away 9 _! own pots until ! foll[+ ,augu/4 ,,fritill>ia ,fritill>ias produce bell-%ap$ fl[]s1 v>y+ 9 col\r1 b g5]ally ( a purpli% t9t1 & beautifully spott$4 ,!y ?rive 9 a good deep loam1 b may be gr[n 9 almo/ any soil1 & d well "u ! %ade ( trees4 ,!y are q h>dy1 &1 l mo/ o!r bulbs1 %\ld be plant$ 9 autumn4 ,fritill>ias are occasionally gr[n 9 pots kept 9 a cold frame1 b !y w n endure =c+ 9 ! lea/ degree1 & ! mix$ bord] is ! be/ position = !m4 ,^! fl[]s make a *>m+ ornam5t :5 gr[n 9 b[ls fill$ ) moss-fibre4 ,,gladiolus ,! ,gladiolus is adapt$ = _m important uses & x associates admirably ) ,dahlias1 ,hollyhocks1 ,pyre?rums1 & ,phloxes 9 ! furni%+ ( clumps on ! lawn & 9 ! mix$ bord]4 ,x is p]fectly 9 h>mony ) surr\nd+s :5 plant$ 9 ,am]ican b$s or 9 ! %rubb]y4 ,= supply+ cut fl[]s x is invaluable1 z !y reta9 _! fre%ness 9 a vase = _m days1 & a pl5tiful supply %\ld be gr[n 9 res]v$ spots expressly = ?is purpose4 ,culture 9 ,pots4--,! e>ly-fl[]+ v>ieties are ( especial value = decorat+ gre5h\ses & cons]vatories dur+ spr+ & e>ly summ]4 ,! corms ( ^! ,gladioli are small1 & a #cb-siz$ pot w accommodate sev]al4 ,! soil %\ld be decid$ly ri*1 & x mu/ be por\s1 because wat] has to be giv5 freely :5 ! plants are 9 full gr[?4 ,pot ! corms 9 autumn1 & cov] ) leaf-m\ld until ! roots are develop$1 :5 successive bat*es c be br\ght =w>d & g5tly =c$ = a cont9u\s supply ( elegant fl[]s dur+ ,april & ,may4 ,a mild temp]ature ( ab\t #ee is q suffici5t = !m4 ,culture 9 ! ,op5 ,gr\nd4--,! autumn-fl[]+ ,gladioli are gr[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & prep>ations %\ld beg9 well 9 advance ( plant+ "t4 ,almo/ any soil c be made to answ]1 b t :i* suits !m be/ is a good m$ium1 friable loam ) a cool ri* subsoil1 & ea* gr[] mu/ decide = himself h[ f> ?is is )9 rea* naturally1 or c be secur$ by res\rces at comm&4 ,?us1 a light soil may be made suitable by plac+ a ?ick lay] ( rott5 c[-manure a foot bel[ ! surface1 & a heavy1 ret5tive loam c be r$uc$ to ! prop] /ate by ! admixture ( light] mat]ial4 ,on ! surface spread a lib]al quantity ( manure & dig x 91 leav+ ! soil 9 a r\gh /ate to be dis9tegrat$ by fro/s4 ,be=e ! plant+ "t arrives x is wor? "s tr\ble to free ! gr\nd f wire worms1 or !y w play havoc ) ! gr[? j z x is appe>+ above gr\nd4 ,potatoes s]ve admirably z traps = ^! pe/s4 ,gladioli are peculi>ly liable to injury f w9d1 s t a %elt]$1 b n a %ad$1 position %\ld1 if possible1 be *os5 = !m4 ,! "t ( plant+ dep5ds p>tly on ! di/rict1 p>tly on ! season2 b ! soil mu/ be 9 suitable condition & f9e wea!r is necess>y4 ,f ! middle ( ,m>* to ! middle ( ,april %\ld af=d "s suitable opportunity ( gett+ ! bulbs 9 satisfactorily4 ,give ! l& a light =k+1 n deep en\gh to br+ up ! manure1 & make ! surface level4 ,! r[s may be twelve or eighte5 in*es ap>t2 we pref] ! great] di/ance1 because ( ! conv5i5ce x af=ds 9 att5d+ to ! plants :5 gr[+2 n9e in*es is suffici5t space 9 ! r[s4 ,!re are two me?ods ( putt+ 9 ! bulbs1 ea* ( :i* has advocates among practis$ gr[]s4 ,"o is to take out ! soil ) a tr[el to ! dep? ( six or sev5 in*es = ea* corm1 !n ins]t ab\t two in*es ( mix$ s& & p[d]$ *>coal or wood a%es2 lay ! root ^u x1 & c>efully cov] ) f9e soil4 ,if t process is consid]$ too t$i\s1 draw a deep drill ) a hoe1 & at ! bottom put ! light mixture already nam$2 place ! roots at regul> di/ances ^u x1 & lightly return ! top soil4 ,! op]ation %\ld be s p]=m$ z to leave ! cr[n ( ! corm f\r in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,:5 plant+ is complet$1 give ! b$ a f9i%+ t\* ) ! rake4 ,an em95t gr[] /rips (f ! out] coat or sk9 ( ea* bulb be=e plant+ to asc]ta9 t !re is no disease2 & ?is _c o!rwise be discov]$4 ,no d\bt ! proc$ure prev5ts ! b$ f %[+ blanks1 b t object c be m safely atta9$ by gr[+ a res]ve 9 pots4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r practice :i* possesses v decid$ advantages1 & x is to break ! sk9 at ! cr[n ( ! bulb to all[ ! foliage free exit4 ,! sk9 is s t\gh t x is frequ5tly ! means ( di/ort+ ! plant 9 its attempt to =ce an op5+4 ,! b$ = a "t ne$s little att5tion1 except to keep x free f we$s1 & ?is is be/ done by h&4 ,:5 ! %oots rea* ab\t a foot high1 ty+ mu/ be resort$ to 9 e>ne/4 ,! mo/ effectual plan1 ( c\rse1 is to put a sep>ate /ake to ea* plant1 & = exhibition specim5s ?is is c]ta9ly advisable4 ,b r[s c be secur$ by a /ake at ea* end1 ) two or ?ree /r&s ( /rong mat]ial c>ri$ across1 to :i* ea* fl[] mu/ be ti$4 ,:atev] me?od is adopt$1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to avoid cutt+ ! plant1 :ile hold+ x secure f damage 9 a high w9d4 ,let ! mat]ial :i* is plac$ r\nd ! fl[]+-/em be s(t & wide1 su* z li/1 :i* answ]s admirably4 ,wat] mu/ be freely & regul>ly giv5 dur+ dry wea!r1 ei!r 9 ! morn+ or 9 ! ev5+2 & a mul* ( old manure spread ov] ! b$ w prev5t evaporation1 & save ! gr\nd f cak+ h>d4 ,ano!r important matt] is %ad+4 ,= ord9>y purposes ?is is n ess5tial2 b z x v mu* l5g!ns ! duration ( ! fl[]1 x is wor? att5tion on t gr\nd alone1 & = exhibition x is indisp5sable4 ,:e!r %ad+ is provid$ by sep>ate protectors made expressly = ! purpose1 or by home-made contrivances ( canvas or wood1 ! po9t to be q c]ta9 ab\t is security1 or an accid5t may wreck well-gr\nd$ hopes4 ,! lift+ & /or+ ( ! corms affect ! quality ( ! next ye>'s fl[]s s mu* t x is important to accompli% lift+ at ! mo/ suitable "t1 & ! /or+ 9 ! be/ mann]4 ,by ! middle or end ( ,octob]1 on "s f9e day1 take up ! roots1 ev5 if ! foliage be /ill gre52 tie a label to ea* v>iety1 & hang !m 9 "s airy place until !y c be cle>$ ( soil & leaves4 ,remove ea* /em ) a %>p knife1 & lay out ! bulbs to dry = ano!r =tnight4 ,!y c !n be /or$ 9 pap] bags or 9 boxes on any dry %elf :i* is safe f v]m9 & fro/4 ,an article on ! culture ( ! ,gladiolus f se$ w be f\nd on page #bfg4 ,,glox9ia ,glox9ias may be _h 9 bloom almo/ all ! ye> by judici\s managem5t4 ,:5 requir$ = e>ly fl[]+1 ^? t />t fir/ %\ld be select$ & c>efully %ift$ into o!r pots1 & be kept ne> ! glass1 z !y dep5d mu* on light = rapid & luxuriant gr[?4 ,a moi/ atmosph]e1 ) ! temp]ature ab\t #fj to #fe1 greatly facilitates ! gr[? ( ,glox9ias1 b !y may be gr[n well 9 gre5h\ses or 9 pits heat$ by hot wat]4 ,! mo/ suitable soil is a light fibr\s loam1 comb9$ ) a little peat & silv] s&4 ,manure wat] dur+ ! gr[+ p]iod twice a week is helpful1 b x %\ld be discont9u$ :5 ! fl[]s %[ col\r4 ,! plants love %ade1 & at no "t %\ld suff] f dr\ght4 ,/or+ ,glox9ias = _! season ( re/1 i4e4 ! w9t]1 mu/ be c>efully att5d$ to1 z losses frequ5tly occur dur+ ?is /age4 ,x is also important t ! plants %\ld n be #8dri$ (f' too quickly2 place !m 9 a light1 airy position1 & by a gradual r$uction ( moi/ure ! leaves w fall (f naturally4 ,! bulbs may !n be /or$ away on a %elf1 9 an ev5 temp]ature ( ab\t #ej1 ea* bulb be+ closely surr\nd$ by cocoa-nut fibre & peat 9 equal p>ts to prev5t excessive dryness1 :i*1 l too mu* damp1 (t5 causes ! loss ( ! bulb4 ,besides gr[+ ! same plants f ye> to ye>1 x is always desirable to h a fre% /ock com+ on1 z ! old bulbs may det]iorate aft] two or ?ree ye>s4 ,?is c easily be manag$ by successive s[+s ( se$1 z advis$ at page #bfh4 ,,hem]ocallis--see "u ,,lilies1 page #cdc ,,hyac9? ,"o ( ! mo/ valuable *>act]i/ics ( ! ,hyac9? is ! ease ) :i* x c be fl[]$ 9 a v>iety ( ways by v simple modes ( treatm5t4 ,x may be employ$ z a h>dy1 r\gh-wea!r plant = ! g>d5 bord]1 or z a gr& exhibition & cons]vatory fl[]4 ,! bulbs may be plant$ at any "t f ,septemb] to ! middle ( ,decemb]1 ) ! c]ta9ty ( _! bloom+ well1 if prop]ly c>$ =2 b ! prud5t cultivator w plant !m z e>ly z possible 9 ! autumn1 & s manage !m aft]w>ds z to secure ! longe/ p]iod ( gr[? previ\s to _! fl[]+4 ,!y c be =c$ to fl[] at ,*ri/mas1 b ! m sl[ly ! fl[]s are develop$ ! f9] 9 ! end w !y be4 ,to obta9 good bulbs is a matt] ( ! utmo/ importance1 & x may be useful "h to rem>k t ! m]e size ( a ,hyac9? bulb is no crit]ion ( its value--nor1 inde$1 is its neatness ( =m or brightness ( appe>ance4 ,! two mo/ important qualities are s\ndness & d5sity4 ,if ! bulbs are h>d & heavy 9 proportion to _! size1 !y may be dep5d$ on to produce good fl[]s ( _! k9d4 ,! bulbs ( "s sorts are nev] l>ge or h&some1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 _m o!rs p>take ( bo? ^! qualities 9 a m>k$ degree4 ,"o o!r matt] 9 g5]al relat+ to ! treatm5t ( ,hyac9?s ne$s to be ref]r$ to4 ,h>m has (t5 be5 done by ! practice ( mass+ ! fl[]s1 :e!r 9 pot gr\ps or 9 g>d5 b$s1 )\t consid]ation ( col\r h>monies4 ,yet no o!r bulb\s fl[] (f]s su* a wide *oice ( delightful col\rs1 or is s em95tly adapt$ to arti/ic bl5d+1 z ! ,hyac9?4 ,by es*ew+ ! dull blues & alli$ %ades & by br++ into association exquisite tones ( mauve1 p9k1 apricot1 salmon1 pale yell[1 ri* lilac1 bright r$1 c41 x is easy to demon/rate t !re are possibilities 9 ,hyac9?s :i* may nev] h be5 suspect$ be=e4 ,! foll[+ are a few ( ! *>m+ bl5ds :i* may be made1 & w especially appeal to ^? :o gr[ ,hyac9?s indoors3 7i7 ,apricot1 cream1 & pale blue2 7#b7 cream1 pale p9k1 & rose-p9k2 7#c7 bright p9k & pale blue2 7#d7 bright r$1 ri* blue1 & pure :ite2 7#e7 rose-p9k & ri* blue2 7#f7 pale yell[ & ri* blue2 7#g7 deep mauve & pale mauve2 7#h7 cream & pale blue2 7#i7 bright blue %ades 7dull1 wa%y1 & nondescript blue1 purple1 & violet t9ts mu/ be avoid$72 7#aj7 blu% p9k & rose-p9k2 7#aa7 apricot & cream2 7#ab7 pale lav5d]1 cream1 & apricot4 ,^! examples w %[ t *>m+ effects c be secur$ ei!r ) two or ) ?ree v>ieties4 ,col\r-gr\p+ may also be c>ri$ out 9 ! g>d51 b 9 ?is case great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to get v>ieties ( cle>1 bright hues :i* fl[] at ! same "t1 su* z ,inimitable ,b$d+ ,hyac9?s4 ,mod]n ta/e fur!r dictates t ! b>e soil %all be hidd51 & ?is end is be/ s]v$ by provid+ a gr\ndwork ( dw>f plants1 su* z ,daisies1 ,=get-me-nots1 d\ble :ite ,arabis1 & mauve ,aubrietia4 ,ano!r c\rse is to mix ,hyac9?s ) ,daffodils ( ! ,*alice or ,/> section2 !re is no bett] v>iety ?an ,sir ,watk91 b o!rs may be us$4 ,culture 9 ,pots4--,x is n necess>y to use l>ge pots1 or pots ( a peculi> %ape1 = ,hyac9?s4 ,!re is no?+ bett] ?an common fl[]-pots1 & 9 ^? ( #fj-size s+le bulbs may be fl[]$ 9 a mo/ satisfactory mann]4 ,! pots usually employ$ are ! #dh-;& #cb-sizes1 ! la/-nam$ be+ requir$ only = select$ bulbs gr[n = exhibition4 ,we advise ! use ( small pots :]e ,hyac9?s are gr[n 9 pits & frames = decorative purposes1 because !y c be conv5i5tly plac$ 9 ornam5tal /&s1 or pack$ close toge!r 9 baskets ( moss1 :5 requir$ = ! embelli%m5t ( ! draw+-room4 ,z ! use ( new pots = ,hyac9?s is (t5 ! cause ( failure1 !y %\ld n be employ$ if well-cleans$ old pots are available4 ,! t5d] roots ( ! bulbs frequ5tly become too dry ow+ to ! absorb5t nature ( ! new pots4 ,a ri*1 light soil is indisp5sable1 & x %\ld consi/ *iefly ( turfy loam1 ) leaf-m\ld & a lib]al all[ance ( %>p s&4 ,! mixture ought to be 9 a mod]ately moi/ condition :5 ready = use4 ,9 small pots "o holl[ crock mu/ suffice1 b ! #dh-;& #cb-siz$ pots c be prep>$ 9 ! usual way1 ) "o l>ge holl[ crock1 & a little heap ( small] pot%]ds or nodules ( *>coal ov] x4 ,fill ! pots q full ( soil1 & !n press ! bulb into x1 & press ! soil r\nd ! bulb to f9i% ! op]ation4 ,if pott$ loosely1 !y w n ?rive2 if pott$ too firmly1 !y w rise up z soon z ! roots beg9 to gr[1 & be "o-sid$4 ,9 l>ge pots ! bulbs %\ld be ne>ly cov]$ ) soil1 b 9 small pots !y mu/ be only half cov]$1 9 ord] to af=d !m ! l>ge/ possible am\nt ( root-room4 ,:5 pott$1 a cool place mu/ be f\nd = !m1 & unless !y g absolutely dry1 !y %\ld n h a drop ( wat] until !y beg9 to gr[ freely & are 9 ! enjoym5t ( full daylight4 ,! pots may be /or$ 9 a d>k1 cool pit1 or any out-(-!-way place :]e nei!r sun1 nor fro/1 nor heavy ra9s w affect !m2 b x is advisable to plunge !m 9 coal-a%es & also to cov] !m ) a few in*es ( ! a%es4 ,z to _! removal1 !y mu/ be tak5 out z want$ = =c+1 & c]ta9ly be=e !y pu% up _! fl[] spikes1 z !y w d if !y rema9 too long 9 ! b$4 ,! cultivator w be guid$ 9 respect ( _! removal f ! b$ by circum/ances2 b :5 !y are remov$1 a di/9ct r\t9e ( treatm5t mu/ be obs]v$1 or ! fl[]+ w be unsatisfactory4 ,= a %ort "t !y %\ld be plac$ 9 subdu$ daylight1 t ! blan*$ gr[? may acquire a heal?y gre5 hue sl[ly2 & !y ne$ to be kept cool 9 ord] t !y %all gr[ v little until a heal?y col\r is acquir$4 ,! floor ( a cool gre5h\se is a good place = !m :5 fir/ tak5 out ( ! b$ & clean$ up = =c+4 ,ano!r matt] ( great importance is to place !m ne> ! glass imm$iately _! gre5 col\r is e/abli%$1 & to gr[ !m z sl[ly z ! requirem5ts ( ! case w p]mit4 ,if to be =c$ e>ly1 all[ pl5ty ( "t to tra9 !m to be> a great heat1 tak+ f b$ to pit1 & f pit to cool h\se1 & def]r+ to ! late/ possible mom5t plac+ !m 9 ! heat 9 :i* !y are to fl[]4 ,^? to bloom at ,*ri/mas %\ld be pott$ 9 ,septemb]1 ^? to foll[ may be pott$ a mon? lat]4 ,if a long succession is requir$1 a suffici5t numb] %\ld be pott$ e two or ?ree weeks to ! end ( ! ye>4 ,^? pott$ late/ w1 ( c\rse1 fl[] 9 frames )\t ! aid ( heat4 ,9 any & e case ! highe/ temp]ature ( ! =c+-pit %\ld be #gj2 to g beyond t po9t w cause an att5uat$ gr[? & pov]ty ( col\r4 ,if liquid manure is employ$ at all1 x %\ld be us$ con/antly & extremely weak until ! fl[]s beg9 to exp&1 & !n pure s(t wat] only %\ld be us$4 ,no matt] :at may be ! p>ticul> con/itution ( ! liquid manure1 x mu/ be weak1 or x w d m h>m ?an good4 ,! spikes %\ld be support$ by wires or neat /icks 9 ample "t1 & a con/ant wat* kept to see t ! /ems are n cut or b5t1 z !y rapidly develop beyond ! range all[$ !m by _! supports4 ,culture 9 ,glasses4--,x is ( little consequ5ce :e!r ra91 riv]1 or spr+ wat] be employ$ 9 ?is mode ( culture1 b x mu/ be pure1 & 9 ! glasses x %\ld ne>ly b n q t\* ! bulbs4 ,/ore at once 9 a d>k1 cool place1 to enc\rage ! bulbs to s5d _! roots d[n into ! wat] be=e ! leaves beg9 to gr[4 ,:5 ! roots are develop$1 br+ ! glasses f ! d>k to ! light1 9 ord] t leaves & fl[]s may be 9 p]fect heal?4 ,let !m h z mu* light z possible1 ) an equable temp]ature1 & provide supports 9 good "t4 ,hyac9?s are (t5 injur$ by be+ kept 9 rooms t are at times extremely cold & at o!rs heat$ to excess4 ,^? :o wi% to gr[ ! bulbs to p]fection 9 glasses %\ld remove !m occasionally z circum/ances may require1 to prev5t ! injury t mu/ o!rwise result f rapid & extreme alt]nations ( temp]ature4 ,x is n desirable to introduce to ! wat] any /imulat+ sub/ance1 b ! glasses mu/ be kept ne>ly full ( wat] by repl5i%+ z x disappe>s4 ,if ! leaves become du/y1 !y may be cleans$ ) a s(t bru% or a sponge dipp$ 9 wat]1 b p>ticul> c>e mu/ be tak5 n to injure !m 9 ! process4 ,culture 9 ,moss-fibre4--,:ile ,hyac9?s1 diff]+ f ,daffodils & ,tulips1 are p]haps relatively bett] 9 pots ( soil ?an 9 b[ls ( moss-fibre1 !y may /ill be gr[n successfully 9 b[ls provid$ a fairly deep receptacle is *os5 & c>e is tak5 to avoid mak+ ! fibre h>d4 ,) a %all[ b[l & v firm fibre x may be f\nd t ! roots /rike upw>d & ! plant does n get t abundant supply ( moi/ure :i* is ess5tial to its welf>e4 ,= ?is me?od ( culture pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to ! ,roman1 ,giant ,italian1 ,*ri/mas ,p9k1 ,m9iature & ,grape ,hyac9?s1 :i* look p>ticul>ly *>m+ 9 b[ls & simil> contrivances4 ,detail$ directions are giv5 on page #cai4 ,culture 9 ,b$s4--,! ,hyac9? w gr[ well 9 any ord9>y g>d5 soil1 b t :i* suits x be/ is a light ri* loam4 ,! b$ %\ld be effectually dra9$1 = ?\gh ! plant loves moi/ure x _c ?rive 9 a bog dur+ ! w9t]4 ,x is advisable to plant e>ly1 & to plant deep4 ,if a ri* effect is requir$1 especially 9 b$s ne> ! w9d[s ( a resid5ce1 ! bulbs %\ld be six in*es ap>t1 b at a great] di/ance a good effect may be produc$ by plant+ n9e in*es ap>t4 ,! "t ( bloom+ may be to "s ext5t influ5c$ by ! "t & mann] ( plant+1 b no /rict rules c be giv5 to suit p>ticul> in/ances4 ,late plant+ & deep plant+ bo? t5d to def] ! "t ( bloom+1 al?\gh !re w n be a great diff]5ce 9 any case1 & z a rule ! late bloom is to be pref]r$1 because less liable to injury f fro/4 ,! %all[e/ plant+ %\ld insure a dep? ( ?ree in*es ( e>? above ! cr[n ( ! bulb1 b !y w fl[] bett]1 & only a few days lat]1 if cov]$ ) full six in*es ( e>? ov] ! cr[ns4 ,! ,hyac9? is s h>dy t protection ne$ n be ?\ght (1 except 9 peculi> cases ( unusual exposure1 or on ! occurr5ce ( an excessively l[ temp]ature :5 !y are gr[+ freely4 ,"u any circum/ances1 !re is no protection s effectual z dry litt]1 b a ?9 coat ( half-rott5 manure spread ov] ! b$ is to be pref]r$ 9 ! ev5t ( dang] be+ appreh5d$ at any "t be=e ! gr[? has fairly pu%$ ?r\gh4 ,! bulbs may be tak5 up z soon z ! leaves acquire a yell[ col\r1 s t ! brilliant display ( spr+ may be imm$iately foll[$ by ano!r1 equally brilliant p]haps1 b 9 "* altoge!r diff]5t4 ,:5 gr[n 9 b$s1 ,hyac9?s d n require wat] or /icks2 all !y ne$ is to be plant$ prop]ly1 & !y w take c>e ( !mselves4 ,m9iature ,hyac9?s4--,^! *>m+ little sp>kl+ gems are invaluable = baskets1 b[ls & o!r contrivances :i* are adapt$ = ! *oice/ decorative purposes4 ,9 quality !y are excell5t1 ! spikes be+ symmetrical1 ! fl[]s well =m$1 & ! col\rs brilliant4 ,b !y are true m9iatures1 gr[+ ab\t half ! size ( ! o!r k9ds1 & requir+ less soil to root 94 ,!y w fl[] well if plant$ 9 a mixture ( moss-fibre & *>coal1 kept con/antly moi/1 & cov]$ ) ! gre5e/ moss1 to give to ! ornam5t conta9+ !m a f9i%$ appe>ance4 ,fea!r & ,grape ,hyac9?s w gr[ 9 any good g>d5 soil1 & are admirably adapt$ = bord]s t are %ad$ by trees4 ,!y %\ld be plant$ 9 l>ge clumps1 & be all[$ to rema9 sev]al ye>s undi/urb$4 ,bo? classes are beautiful--! ,fea!r ,hyac9? emphatically s2 inde$1 num]\s z beautiful fl[]s are1 ?is1 = delicacy ( /ructure1 has peculi> claims to our admiration1 :5 pres5t+ its fea!ry plumes a foot or m 9 l5g?1 all cut into curl+ ?reads ( ! mo/ elegant t5uity4 ,grape ,hyac9?s make a *>m+ ornam5t = ! draw+-room :5 gr[n 9 b[ls ( moss-fibre4 ,roman ,hyac9?4--,?is fl[] is p>ticul>ly welcome 9 ! %ort1 d>k days ( ,novemb]1 ,decemb]1 & ,janu>y4 ,= plac+ 9 glasses to decorate ! draw+-room or d9n]-table ! spikes ( bloom are l>gely gr[n2 & ! sep>ate fl[]s1 m\nt$ on wire1 =m an important feature 9 w9t] b\quets1 = :i* purpose _! delici\s p]fume r5d]s !m especially valuable4 ,! bulbs c be gr[n ) ! utmo/ ease4 ,pot !m imm$iately !y c be obta9$ 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]1 & /& !m 9 "s sp>e corn] 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 :]e !y c be cov]$ ) a few in*es ( leaf-m\ld4 ,?is w enc\rage ! roots to />t be=e !re is any top gr[?4 ,9 ,octob] remove ! cov]+1 & transf] ! pots to a pit or frame1 or !y may be plac$ "u ! gre5h\se /age = a "t1 provid$ !y w n be 9 ! way ( dripp+ wat]4 ,a little lat]1 room %\ld be f\nd = !m ^u ! /age1 or ! foliage may become drawn4 ,:5 ! buds are visible1 plunge ! pots 9 a bottom heat ( #fe or #gj1 & 9 a week ! fl[]s w be fit = use4 ,l its m impos+ prototype1 ! ,roman ,hyac9? may h its roots g5tly fre$ f soil = pack+ 9 b[ls or vases fill$ ) wet moss or s&2 b !y ought n to be subject$ to a viol5t *ange ( temp]ature4 ,if want$ 9 glasses1 !y c be gr[n 9 wat] aft] ! usual fa%ion1 b ! fl[] is sc>cely adapt$ = ?is mode ( treatm5t4 ,!y w1 h[ev]1 gr[ well 9 b[ls fill$ ) moss-fibre4 ,italian ,hyac9?4--,al?\gh r lat] 9 fl[]+ ?an ! ,roman v>iety1 ! ,italian ,hyac9? des]ves to be gr[n z a pot plant1 especially = its m la/+ quality4 ,! graceful fl[]s are c>ri$ on long /\t /ems :i* are mo/ effective = ! decoration ( vases4 ,! bulbs are p]fectly h>dy1 & may be plant$ 9 clumps 9 ! op5 bord]1 :]e !y w bloom 9 ,april & af=d abundant sprays = cutt+4 ,! habit is less =mal ?an t ( ! ,dut* ,hyac9? & ! fl[]s exhale a sweet delicate p]fume4 ,z previ\sly /at$1 ! ,italian ,hyac9? is especially suitable = gr[+ 9 moss-fibre4 ,,hyac9?us ,,c&icans ,an excell5t companion to ,delph9iums1 ,salvias1 & p]5nial ,lobelias 9 ! mix$ bord]4 ,! /ately spikes ( ?is fl[] also associate well ) %rubs1 & help to enliv5 a b$ ( ,rhodod5drons at a p]iod ( ! ye> :5 ! latt] is un9t]e/+4 ,roots may be plant$ 9 any soil f ,novemb] to ,m>*2 &1 z !y are p]fectly h>dy1 !y c be left 9 ! op5 gr\nd all ! ye> )\t ! lea/ misgiv+ z to _! safety4 ,a /rong root w produce a succession ( fl[]-spikes1 & ?is t5d5cy w be assi/$ by cutt+ (f ea* spike imm$iately x has ceas$ to be attractive4 ,,iris ,! common v>ieties ( ,iris are well-kn[n fav\rites ( ! bord]1 & ! :ole family h claims on ! att5tion ( amateurs1 on acc\nt ( _! excell5t faculty ( tak+ c>e ( !mselves if prop]ly plant$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,! tub]\s or bulb\s root$ k9ds d n require a ri* soil2 a s&y loam suits !m1 & !y ?rive 9 peat4 ,su* beautiful species z ,reticulata1 ! ,*alc$onian1 & ! ,peacock are wor? gr[+ 9 pots plac$ 9 frames or 9 a cool gre5h\se4 ,! ,engli%1 ,dut*1 & ,spani% v>ieties %\ld be plant$ 9 clumps 9 front ( a %rubb]y bord]1 :]e !y may be se5 to advantage4 ,! cr[n ( ! bulb mu/ n be m ?an ?ree in*es bel[ ! surface4 ,f ,septemb] to ,decemb] w answ] = plant+1 & ! roots may be tak5 up :5 ! fl[]+ p]iod is ov]1 or if ! space is n want$ !y c be all[$ to rema9 = ! foll[+ season4 ,bulbs ( ! ,engli% class %\ld nev] be kept out ( ! gr\nd long] ?an c be help$1 b !y ought n to be gr[n 9 "o spot = m ?an ?ree ye>s2 aft] t "t ! clumps mu/ be divid$ & a fre% position f\nd = !m4 ,,ixia & ,,sp>axis ,^! attractive ,cape bulbs are h>dy 9 fav\r$ di/ricts1 & may be left out = ye>s 9 a %elt]$ bord]4 ,9 places :]e none b ! h>die/ plants pass ?r\gh ! w9t] safely1 !y mu/ be gr[n 9 ! gre5h\se or ! frame1 & any good s&y soil w suit !m1 :e!r peat or loam4 ,!y %\ld be pott$ e>ly 9 ! autumn1 & h pl5ty ( air at all times :5 ! wea!r is fav\rable1 especially :5 !y are gr[+ freely 9 spr+4 ,if c>efully manag$1 !y may rema9 two seasons 9 ! same pots4 ,use ! #dh-size1 & plant f\r or five bulbs 9 ea*4 ,a dry1 deep1 s&y bord] "u a wall 9 any ( ! w>m] we/]n & s\!rn di/ricts might be furni%$ ) su* plants z ,ixias1 ,sp>axis1 ,al/roem]ias1 ,oxalis1 ,tritonias1 ,babianas1 & ! *oice/ ( ! small] k9ds ( ,iris4 ,x w\ld con/itute a g>d5 ( ! mo/ int]e/+ exotics4 ,,jonquil ,= its delici\s fragrance & exquisite beauty ! ,jonquil has long be5 consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ valuable ( ! ,n>ciss family = cultivation 9 pots1 & x is also a fir/-rate bord] & woodl& fl[]4 ,:5 =c$1 ! treatm5t %\ld agree z ne>ly z possible ) t prescrib$ = ! ,n>cissus4 ,f\r or five bulbs may be plant$ 9 "o pot4 ,,la*5alia ,an elegant plant :i* is n q h>dy en\gh to be tru/$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd2 b x is ! easie/ matt] possible to gr[ x well 9 ! gre5h\se4 ,! bulbs %\ld be pott$ z soon z !y beg9 to gr[ 9 ! autumn1 & sev]al bulbs may be put into ea* pot4 ,!re c be no bett] soil ?an turfy loam1 )\t manure or s&4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t ! plants %\ld h abundance ( wat]1 :5 !y w produce leaves two in*es across1 & spikes ( fl[]s fully d\ble ! size ( ^? commonly met )4 ,an admirable use = ^! bulbs is to ins]t !m all ov] ! outside ( hang+-baskets1 :i* !y w cov] ) ! mo/ graceful display ( arial vegetation imag9able1 ! fl[]-spikes turn+ upw>ds1 & ! leaves hang+ d[n4 ,,leucojum ,! ,spr+ ,sn[flake 7,l4 v]num7 blooms z e>ly z ,febru>y or ,m>*1 & ! ,summ] ,sn[flake 7,l4 /ivum7 comes into fl[] 9 ,may & ,june4 ,!y closely resemble ! ,sn[drop1 b are mu* l>g] ?an t well-kn[n spr+ fav\rite4 ,! bulbs are p]fectly h>dy1 & w gr[ 9 any g>d5 soil4 ,plant 9 clumps ?ree in*es deep1 any "t f ! end ( ,septemb] until ! middle ( ,novemb]4 ,,lilies ,h>dy bord] ,lilies are among ! mo/ useful g>d5 plants kn[n4 ,!y are peculi>ly h>dy & robu/1 requir+ no support f /icks or ties2 sev]al ( !m rema9 gre5 all ! w9t]1 & are capable ( resi/+ any am\nt ( fro/4 ,if left alone1 !y increase rapidly1 & become m valuable e ye>4 ,we w say no?+ ( _! beauty1 = t is prov]bial2 b x may be useful to obs]ve t _m ( ! mo/ lovely ,lilies1 usually reg>d$ z only suitable = ! gre5h\se1 & gr[n ) great c>e "u glass1 are really z h>dy z ! old common :ite ,lily1 & may be gr[n ) x 9 ! same bord]4 ,to gr[ ,lilies well requires a deep1 moi/1 ri* loam4 ,a /ubborn clay may be improv$ = !m by deep digg+1 & incorporat+ ) ! /aple pl5ty ( rott5 manure & leaf-m\ld4 ,!y all ?rive 9 peat1 or rott5 turf1 or1 inde$1 9 any soil conta9+ an abundance ( decompos+ vegetable matt]4 ,! autumn is ! prop] "t to plant ,lilies1 b !y may be plant$ at any season1 if !y c be obta9$ 9 a dormant /ate or gr[+ 9 pots4 ,!y %\ld be plant$ deep = _! size1 say1 nev] less ?an six in*es4 ,aft] !y h /ood "s ye>s x is necess>y to lift & "p ! clumps1 :5 ! bord]s %\ld be deeply dug & lib]ally manur$ be=e replant+4 ,if ! /ems ( ,lilies become leafless & unsightly be=e ! fl[]s are pa/1 x is a sign t ! roots are too dry1 or t ! soil is impov]i%$2 & !re=e1 z soon z ! /ems die d[n1 !y %\ld be lift$1 & p]haps transf]r$ to a m fav\rable spot4 ,am>yllis4--,^! magnific5t plants d n require ! high temp]ature 9 :i* !y are usually gr[n1 nor %\ld !y be all[$ to rema9 = a great l5g? ( "t du/-dry1 z we sometimes f9d !m4 ,x is important to rememb] t !y h di/9ct seasons ( activity & re/1 b mu/ n be =c$ into ei!r condition by su* dra/ic measures z are occasionally resort$ to4 ,! prop] soil = !m is turfy loam1 enri*$ ) rott5 manure1 & r5d]$ mod]ately por\s by an admixture ( s&4 ,! light soil 9 :i* _m plants ?rive w n suit !m2 ! soil mu/ be firm1 & some:at r\gh 9 texture4 ,:5 fir/ pott$1 give !m v little wat]1 & promote gr[? by means ( a bottom heat ( #fe4 ,increase ! supply ( wat] z ! plants progress1 & %ift !m into #f-;in* pots = fl[]+4 ,:ile !y are 9 fl[] !y may be plac$ 9 ! cons]vatory1 or :]ev] else !y may be requir$ = decorative purposes4 ,:5 ! fl[]s h fad$ take !m to ! gre5h\se to complete _! gr[?1 aft] :i* dry !m (f sl[ly1 b ) ! cle> und]/&+ t !y are nev] to be desiccat$4 ,!y may be w9t]$ 9 ! gre5h\se1 & %\ld c]ta9ly be plac$ :]e !y w always be slightly moi/1 ev5 if a few leaves rema9 gre5 ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,frequ5t di/urbance ( ! roots is to be p>ticul>ly avoid$ 9 ! cultivation ( ,am>yllis1 & !re=e x is desirable to all[ !m to rema9 9 ! same pots two or ?ree ye>s2 or if !y are %ift$ on1 x %\ld be done 9 su* a way t ! roots are sc>cely se5 9 ! process4 ,top dress+ & liquid manure w help !m :5 !y h be5 "s "t 9 ! same pots4 ,lilium auratum4--,?is magnific5t ,lily has prov$ to be z h>dy z ! :ite g>d5 v>iety1 & is n[ freely plant$ 9 bord]s & %rubb]ies :]e ! noble heads ( bloom always comm& admiration4 ,b ! spl5d\r ( ! fl[] w cont9ue to insure = x a high degree ( fav\r z a decorative subject = ! cons]vatory4 ,:5 gr[n 9 a pot ! be/ soil is s&y peat1 b x w fl[] f9ely 9 a ri* light mixture1 su* z ,fu*sias require4 ,x is advisable to beg9 ) ! smalle/ pot 9 :i* ! bulb c be plac$1 & !n to %ift to l>g] & l>g] sizes z ! plant progresses1 tak+ c>e to h ! bulb two in*es bel[ ! soil :5 9 _! fl[]+ pots1 because roots are ?r[n out f ! /em j above ! bulb1 & ^! roots ne$ to be c>efully f$1 z !y are ! ma9 support ( ! fl[]s t appe> lat]4 ,:5 ! fl[]-buds are visible1 !re %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be no fur!r %ift+4 ,9 respect ( temp]ature1 ?is is an accommodat+ ,lily2 b z a rule a cool h\se is bett] = ! plant ?an "o :i* is ma9ta9$ at a high temp]ature4 ,! supply ( wat] %\ld be pl5tiful dur+ ! p]iod ( gr[? & fl[]+1 b aft]w>ds x c be r$uc$4 ,lilium ,h>risii 7,! ,b]muda1 or ,ea/] ,lily7 is ( ! longiflorum type1 b ! fl[]s are l>g]1 & are produc$ ) great] fre$om ?an by ! ord9>y ,l4 longiflorum4 ,moreov]1 ! ,b]muda ,lily fl[]s almo/ cont9u\sly4 ,be=e "o /em has f9i%$ bloom+ ano!r %oots up4 ,?is p]5nial habit gives x a peculi> value = ! gre5h\se1 & r5d]s =c+ possible at almo/ any season4 ,imm$iately ! bulbs are receiv$ !y %\ld be pott$ 9 ri* fibr\s loam--! m fibr\s ! bett]--& be plac$ 9 a cold frame4 ,!y ne$ little wat] until gr[? has fairly comm5c$1 aft] :i* m moi/ure w be necess>y4 ,s f> z safety is conc]n$1 !y only require protection f fro/2 b = an e>ly %[ ( bloom artificial heat is imp]ative4 ,! temp]ature %\ld1 h[ev]1 be v mod]ate at fir/1 & rise sl[ly4 ,:5 ! buds %[1 a top-dress+ ( fre% loam & decay$ manure w be helpful1 & to all[ = ?is ! soil mu/ be two in*es f ! tops ( ! pots :5 ! bulbs are fir/ pott$4 ,aft] produc+ two or ?ree fl[]+ /ems1 x w be wise to place ! pots out ( doors & give less wat]1 or ! bulbs w be exhau/$4 ,b !y mu/ nev] be all[$ to become q dry1 & aft] a p>tial re/ ( six weeks or two mon?s !y may be re-pott$ 9 fre% soil & />t$ = ano!r %[ ( bloom4 ,we d n recomm5d ! plant+ ( ?is ,lily 9 op5 bord]s dur+ autumn1 = gr[? w comm5ce imm$iately1 & a sev]e fro/ w cut x d[n2 b if plant$ 9 spr+1 x succe$s admirably1 & w produce a long succession ( its h&some trumpet-%ap$ fl[]s4 ,= ! foll[+ w9t] x c be ei!r protect$1 or lift$ = /or+ 9 a frame4 ,lilium lancifolium4--,a graceful & highly p]fum$ ,lily1 :i* is p]fectly h>dy1 & w gr[ 9 good loam1 ?\gh peat is to be pref]r$ = pot culture4 ,to produce h&some specim5s ! same r\t9e mu/ be foll[$ z direct$ = ! cultivation ( ,l4 auratum4 ,x sc>cely ne$ be add$ t1 in/ead ( gr[+ ! bulbs sep>ately 9 pots1 sev]al may be gr[n 9 a l>ge pot to produce a ri*] effect4 ,b x is n advisable to place ! bulbs 9 a l>ge mass ( e>? 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,x is bett] t !y %\ld comm5ce _! gr[? 9 small pots1 & be %ift$ on z !y require m room4 ,aphis is extremely p>tial to ^! ,lilies1 p>ticul>ly if !y are badly gr[n & all[$ to suff] = ! want ( wat]4 ,! simple/ way to remove ! pe/ is to dip ! plants 9 pure wat]1 tak+ c>e1 ( c\rse1 to prev5t !m f fall+ out ( ! pots 9 ! op]ation4 ,lily ( ! ,valley4--,! popul> "n ( ?is native plant is a misnom]4 ,botanically x is kn[n z ,convall>ia majalis1 & /ructurally ! roots diff] f ^? :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ! :ole tribe ( ,liliums4 ,h[ev]1 we h no qu>rel ) a *>m+ "n = a mo/ da9ty fl[] ( fairy-l proportions4 ,! sprays ( pure :ite p5dul\s bells h captivat$ ! popul> fancy1 & !y are 9 public dem& f ! mom5t flori/s are able to place !m on ! m>ket4 ,:e!r = e>ly or late spr+ =c+1 or = plant+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 ! mo/ vigor\s /ra9 %\ld be *os51 & !re is "o :i* is incomp>ably sup]ior to all o!rs1 produc+ f9] spikes & l>g] individual fl[]s4 ,z a rule ^! roots are obta9able 9 ,novemb]1 b1 if necess>y1 x is f> bett] to wait a week or two ?an attempt to =ce su* z h be5 lift$ prematurely4 ,! cr[ns may be pott$1 & :]e few are gr[n ?is is ! usual c\rse4 ,! l>ge gr[]s pack !m 9 boxes1 ) a little f9e soil1 & cov] ! tops ) ab\t f\r in*es ( cocoa-nut fibre4 ,= ! e>lie/ supply a temp]ature ( #ij is necess>y1 accompani$ ) pl5ty ( moi/ure4 ,aft] ! spikes ( bloom %[1 slightly r$uce ! temp]ature1 & remove ! fibre to af=d ! leaves an opportunity ( matur+4 ,:5 suffici5tly advanc$ transf] ! plants to pots = ! cons]vatory or ! decoration ( w9d[s4 ,successive supplies c be br\ght =w>d ) less heat4 ,9 ! op51 ,lily ( ! ,valley require a p>tially %ad$ position4 ,! soil mu/ be freely manur$1 & a good proportion ( leaf-m\ld work$ 94 ,plant s+le cr[ns at a di/ance ( six in*es f ea* o!r1 & supply !m ) liquid manure dur+ ! gr[+ p]iod4 ,aft] f\r1 or at mo/ five ye>s1 !y w become too cr[d$1 :5 !y %\ld be lift$1 & ! l>ge/ & f9e/ cr[ns be select$ = ! =mation ( a fre% b$4 ,japanese ,day ,lily 7,hem]ocallis ,kwanso fl4 pl474--,admirably adapt$ = pot culture to decorate ! cons]vatory1 ! ri* v>iegation ( its graceful curl+ leaves af=d+ an elegant display ( col\r 9 ! e>ly mon?s ( ! ye>1 & its f9e d\ble fl[]s be+ extremely %[y dur+ _! %ort bloom+ season4 ,z ?is v>iety is q h>dy1 x may be plant$ 9 ! select bord] ) p]fect safety1 &1 9 common ) o!r ,day ,lilies1 x be>s ! %ade ( trees rem>kably well4 ,?is is c]ta9ly "o ( ! h&some/ h>dy plants 9 cultivation4 ,,montbretia ,( ?is useful autumn-fl[]+ bulb !re are sev]al v>ieties1 ,m4 crocosmiflora probably be+ ! mo/ popul>4 ,9 ! w>m & %elt]$ g>d5s ( ! ,s\? & 9 light well-dra9$ soil ! roots pass ! w9t] safely4 ,b :]e fro/ prevails "s protection1 su* z a small m\nd ( litt]1 mu/ be provid$2 ! cov]+ to be remov$ imm$iately ! dang] ( fro/ is pa/4 ,! mo/ fav\rable "t = plant+ is ! autumn1 b dur+ op5 wea!r ! roots may be put 9 up to ! end ( ,m>*4 ,x is usual to plant 9 clumps at a dep? ( ab\t ?ree in*es1 all[+ a di/ance ( six in*es betwe5 ! corms4 ,z !y may rema9 undi/urb$ = sev]al ye>s ! spac+ w p]mit !m to spread & produce masses ( _! graceful fl[]s4 ,,n>cissus ,n>cissi & ,daffodils diff] f ,hyac9?s1 ,tulips1 & "s o!r bulbs 9 "o p>ticul> :i* is important1 because x furni%es ! key to ! managem5t ( ^! fl[]s4 ,! rootlets d n p]i% dur+ ! season ( re/1 & ?is fact cle>ly indicates t ! bulbs %\ld n rema9 out ( gr\nd = a day long] ?an is necess>y4 ,culture 9 ,pots4--,all ! ,polyan?us class1 & almo/ all ! ,g>d5 v>ieties1 ?rive 9 pots1 & c be =c$ ) extreme ease4 ,pot !m e>ly 9 any ri*1 por\s compo/1 & put !m into ! soil a little deep] ?an is usual = ,hyac9?s4 ,= a few weeks keep !m 9 a cool spot 9 ! op5 gr\nd "u a ?ick cov]+ ( a%es to promote root-gr[? )\t prematurely />t+ ! tops4 ,) all bulbs ?is is an important po9t1 especially = su* z are int5d$ to be br\ght =w>d 9 heat4 ,:5 ! pots are full ( roots1 leaf-gr[? w comm5ce1 & ! cov]+ %\ld be remov$4 ,a cool pit is !n ! be/ place = !m4 ,! aft]-treatm5t w dep5d entirely on ! date ! fl[]s are want$4 ,a l[ temp]ature1 long cont9u$1 means late fl[]+1 s t )9 reasonable limits ! gr[] c control ! "t ( _! appe>ance4 ,= ! e>lie/ display select ! ,roman & ,pap] ,:ite1 :i* are naturally e>ly-bloom+ v>ieties4 ,aft] a few days 9 a cool pit1 transf] to ! gre5h\se1 & ab\t a week or t5 days be=e !y are ne$$ 9 fl[] plunge !m 9 a brisk bottom heat1 & give pl5ty ( wat] ( ! prop] temp]ature4 ,! =c+ %\ld n beg9 until ! plants are suffici5tly advanc$1 or x w injure ! fl[]s 9 bo? size & col\r4 ,weak manure wat] w be b5eficial occasionally1 b :5 ! blossoms beg9 to op5 ?is mu/ be discont9u$1 & at ! same "t ! heat %\ld be dim9i%$4 ,a succession ( ,n>cissi = indoor decoration c be secur$ by />t+ bat*es at int]vals ( two or ?ree weeks2 & by mod]at+ ! treatm5t z ! season advances1 ! la/ lot w fl[] naturally )\t artificial /imulus4 ,l>ge bulbs %\ld be pott$ s+ly1 b sev]al roots ( ! small] sorts may be put into "o pot4 ,heavy heads ( bloom w ne$ support1 & !re is no?+ neat] ?an ! wires :i* are made expressly = ! purpose4 ,culture 9 ,moss-fibre4--,! lightsome *>m ( ,n>cissi & ,daffodils is nev] se5 to great] advantage ?an :5 ^! are gr[n 9 b[ls ( fibre = ! decoration ( rooms4 ,well-fill$ b[ls ( ,daffodils are z delightful indoors z are /urdy clumps nodd+ ov] grass or ,polyan?uses 9 ! op5 air4 ,! cultural r\t9e is clean1 pleasant1 & full ( int]e/4 ,! b[ls are *os5 ) c>e1 ! fibre is well saturat$ by repeat$ turn+ & moi/5+ 7?is is ess5tial to success71 en\gh cru%$ oy/] %ell is incorporat$ to make ! compo/ gli/5 brightly ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 ! mixture is press$ into ! b[l until x is firm )\t be+ h>d1 ! bulbs are half emb$d$1 a few pieces ( *>coal are pu%$ 9 "h & !re1 ! b[ls are put 9 a d>k place = six weeks or s1 & ! re/ is m]ely to see t ! fibre nev] gets dry4 ,culture 9 ,wat]4--,= gr[+ 9 glasses no o!r bulb\s fl[] is equal to ! ,n>cissus4 ,d>kness at ! outset is n ess5tial to x1 & !re=e ! gradual developm5t ( ! roots may be obs]v$ f ! "t !y />t2 & contact ) wat] w d no h>m to ! bulb4 ,! glasses %\ld1 h[ev]1 be kept 9 a l[ & fairly uni=m temp]ature1 to disc\rage ! gr[? ( foliage until ! bulbs h fully =m$ _! roots4 ,pure ra9 wat] is desirable1 b x is n actually necess>y2 & = ! sake ( appe>ances1 z well z on ! score ( heal?1 x %\ld be *ang$ imm$iately x ceases to be q transp>5t4 ,^? :o d n c>e to obs]ve ! gr[? 9 glasses1 b l to h ! plants 9 wat] dur+ ! bloom+ p]iod1 may gr[ ! bulbs 9 pots 9 ! usual way1 & wa% (f ! soil :5 want$4 ,9 ?is case ! roots w n be q s regul> z ^? :i* h be5 :olly gr[n 9 wat]4 ,p]haps we ne$ sc>cely say t x is possible to utilise ?is fl[] 9 _m o!r ways--su*1 = in/ance1 z 9 decorat+ p]gnes1 glass globes1 & fancy vases4 ,!y may also be made to float on a small f\nta9 or aqu>ium2 inde$1 x is surpris+ to :at v>i$ & effective purposes a little +5uity w adapt !m4 ,culture 9 ,op5 ,gr\nd4--,= ?is purpose ! ,n>cissus w always comm& att5tion = its graceful appe>ance2 & ?is obs]vation applies ) z mu* =ce to ! ,polyan?us section1 :5 ?us us$1 z to ! v>ieties :i* are specially recognis$ z ,g>d5 ,n>cissus4 ,! latt] class includes _m old fav\rites1 among :i* is ! ,pheasant's ,eye--"o ( ! mo/ exquisite fl[]s gr[n 9 our g>d5s4 ,! ,n>cissus is (t5 us$ = b$d+ ) sup]b effect4 ,! graceful habit1 :i* is "o ( its pr9cipal *>ms1 is v /rik+ 9 l>ge masses1 & its elegant appe>ance 9 ! positions = :i* x is naturally suit$ _c fail to arre/ att5tion4 ,b5ea? trees1 by ! side ( a %ady walk1 9 front ( %rubb]ies1 or 9 ! mix$ bord]1 ! ,n>cissus is ?or\ghly at home4 ,if possible1 *oose a position :]e ! bulbs ne$ n be di/urb$ = sev]al ye>s1 & plant !m e>ly4 ,:5 ! spot !y are to occupy happ5s to be full1 pot ! bulbs until ! gr\nd is vacant1 & 9 due "t turn !m out4 ,a s\!rn or we/]n aspect is desirable1 b ! nature ( ! soil is comp>atively unimportant1 provid$ x is dry :5 ! bulbs are 9 _! re/+ /ate4 ,9 s\r l& or 9 /agnant wat] !y w c]ta9ly rot1 b a t\* ( sea spray w n injure !m4 ,if ! soil ne$s enri*+1 !re is no bett] mat]ial ?an decay$ c[-manure1 :i* may be incorporat$ z ! "w goes on1 or x c be appli$ z a top-dress+4 ,^? :i* are evid5tly weak may be assi/$ ) a few doses ( manure wat]1 n too /rong4 ,9 plant+ gr\ps1 put ! small] bulbs f\r or five in*es1 & ! l>g] sorts f six to n9e in*es ap>t2 dep?1 six to n9e in*es1 accord+ to size4 ,:]e expos$ to a /rong w9d1 x may be necess>y to give ! fl[]s "s k9d ( support to save !m f injury4 ,! ,d\ble & ,s+le ,daffodils are n[ 9 m>k$ public fav\r & _! bright col\rs make !m extremely useful = b$s & bord]s4 ,= plant+ "u & among trees !y are invaluable1 & a suffici5t numb] %\ld always be put 9 to produce an imm$iate effect4 ,!y ?rive 9 damp1 %ady spots1 & e ?ree or f\r ye>s x w be necess>y to divide & replant !m4 ,! ,*9ese ,sacr$ ,lily 7,n>cissus ,tazetta74--,! popul> "n ( ?is fl[] is mislead+4 ,x is n a ,lily1 b a ,n>cissus ( ! ,polyan?us type1 &1 l o!rs ( ! same class1 ! bulbs may be successfully gr[n 9 soil or 9 wat]4 ,b ,n>cissus ,tazetta has prov$ to be s+ul>ly beautiful 9 wat]1 & ! managem5t ( x entails v little tr\ble4 ,a wide b[l ( ,japanese patt]n is appropriate = ! purpose1 & to obta9 ! be/ effect ! b[l %\ld be p>tially fill$ ) a numb] ( pla9 or ornam5tal /ones1 ) a few pieces ( *>coal to keep ! wat] sweet4 ,on ! top1 & s t !y w be held by ! /ones1 place "o or m bulbs3 p\r 9 wat] until x cov]s ! base ( ! bulbs4 ,/ore 9 a d>k cool cell> until ! roots h />t$ & ! leaves beg9 to appe>2 !n remove to ! room :]e ! ornam5t is want$4 ,occasionally ! wat] mu/ be repl5i%$4 ,! developm5t ( ! fl[]-heads is surpris+ly rapid1 & a l>ge bulb g5]ally produces sev]al clu/]s ( sweetly sc5t$ fl[]s4 ,b if ! bulbs are =c$ too quickly ! blossoms are sometimes crippl$4 ,,orni?ogalum ,/> ( ,be?lehem ,dur+ ! mon? ( ,june ,o4 arabicum produces heads ( pure :ite fragrant fl[]s1 ea* hav+ a gre5 c5tre4 ,! roots are l>ge & fle%y1 & %\ld be plant$ 9 ! autumn six in*es deep4 ,a %elt]$ position1 su* z "u a s\? wall1 is desirable = !m1 & "s protection 9 ! =m ( dry litt]1 or a heap ( light manure1 w be necess>y to c>ry ! roots safely ?r\gh sev]e w9t] wea!r4 ,! bulbs are frequ5tly pott$ = indoor decoration4 ,ano!r v>iety1 ,o4 umbellatum1 ) pure :ite />ry fl[]s1 makes an attractive %[ 9 ,may1 & is valuable = naturalis+ 9 clumps or masses 9 ! bord]4 ,,oxalis ,^! frame plants are suitable = ! cool gre5h\se or = =c+1 & !y are adapt$ also = ! op5 bord] 9 peculi>ly fav\rable di/ricts4 ,!y are p>ticul>ly neat & *e]ful1 fl[]+ abundantly1 & requir+ only ! mo/ ord9>y treatm5t ( frame plants4 ,9 w9t] !y %\ld be kept dry4 ,! #dh-siz$ pot is suitable1 & ab\t five bulbs may be plant$ 9 ea*1 us+ light soil freely mix$ ) s&4 ,,ranunculus ,to ma9ta9 a collection ( nam$ ,ranunculuses dem&s skill & pati5ce1 b a few ( ! mo/ brilliant self-col\r$1 spott$ & /rip$ v>ieties may be easily gr[n1 if a cool1 deep1 ri*1 moi/ soil c be provid$ = !m4 ,! be/ soil = ! ,ranunculus is a loam or clay 9 :i* ! common field ,butt]cup gr[s freely & pl5tifully4 ,! situation %\ld be op51 ! b$ well pulv]is$1 & ! soil effectively dra9$1 bo? to promote a vigor\s gr[? &1 z f> z possible1 to save ! plants f injury by wireworms1 lea!r-jackets1 & o!r gr\nd v]m94 ,elaborate modes ( manur+1 su* z mix+ sev]al sorts ( manure toge!r 9 my/ical proportions1 are altoge!r unnecess>y1 b a good dress+ ( rott5 manure & leaf-m\ld %\ld be dug 9 be=e plant+1 & if ! soil is p>ticul>ly heavy1 %>p s& mu/ be add$4 ,! roots may be plant$ 9 ,novemb] & ,decemb] 9 g>d5s :]e vegetation does n usually suff] f damp 9 w9t]2 b :]e !re is any reason to appreh5d dang] f damp1 ! plant+ %\ld be def]r$ until ,febru>y1 & %\ld be complet$ )9 ! fir/ tw5ty days ( t mon?1 if wea!r p]mit4 ,prep>e a f9e surface to plant on1 & draw drills six in*es ap>t & two in*es deep1 & place ! tub]s1 claws d[nw>ds1 9 ! drills1 f\r in*es ap>t1 cov]+ !m ) sift$ soil be=e draw+ ! e>? back to ! drill4 ,rake ! b$ smoo?1 & ! plant+ is complet$4 ,to keep free f we$s1 & to give pl5tiful supplies ( wat] 9 dry wea!r1 are ! two pr9cipal features ( ! summ] cultivation4 ,:5 ! fl[]s are pa/1 & ! leaves beg9 to fade1 take up ! roots1 dry !m 9 a cool place1 & /ore 9 peat or cocoa-nut fibre4 ,turban ,ranunculus4--,?is class is rem>kably h&some1 ( h>di] con/itution & fre] gr[? ?an ! edg$ & spott$ v>ieties4 ,= ! production ( masses ( col\r1 & to =m %[y clumps 9 ! bord]s1 ! ,turban v>ieties are ( ! utmo/ value4 ,!y require a good loam1 well manur$1 & ! g5]al treatm5t advis$ = ! nam$ v>ieties2 b z !y are n s delicate !y w ?rive "u less cong5ial conditions4 ,,scilla ,! ,blue ,squill may be gr[n 9 exactly ! same mann] z ! ,roman ,hyac9? = indoor decoration1 & x makes a *>m+ companion to t fl[]4 ,x is p]fectly h>dy1 & = its deep1 lovely blue %\ld be l>gely gr[n 9 ! op5 bord]1 :]e x appe>s to especial advantage 9 conjunction ) ,sn[drops4 ,x is also valuable = fill+ small b$s1 & = mak+ m>g9al l9es 9 ! geometric g>d54 ,! ,scilla prcox1 or sibirica1 ?rives on ! m\nta9s ( ,nor? ,italy1 :]e masses ( x may be se5 gr[+ close to ! sn[1 & 9 ?is c\ntry x )/&s w9d & ra9 :i* w\ld be ! ru9 ( _m ano!r fl[]4 ,/ill we l to see x 9 a %elt]$ bord]1 :]e x has a fair *ance ( display+ its beauty )\t mu* risk ( injury4 ,9 su* a position x w fl[] 9 ,febru>y1 & 9 ! bleake/ qu>t] x w op5 9 ,m>*4 ,x is n at all fa/idi\s z to soil1 b :5 plant$ w give no fur!r tr\ble until ! foliage )]s1 & x is "t to lift ! bulbs to make way = o!r occupants4 ,if conv5i5t1 ! roots may rema9 = ye>s 9 "o spot4 ,! ,scilla campanulata des]ves m att5tion ?an x has hi!rto receiv$4 ,aft] almo/ all o!r spr+-fl[]+ bulbs are ov]1 x makes a beautiful display1 :i* la/s until ne>ly ! end ( ,may4 ,x some:at resembles ! wild ,blue-bell1 b is mu* l>g] ?an t woodl& fl[]4 ,,sn[drop ,sn[drops are among ! h>die/ fl[]s kn[n to our g>d5s1 & are invaluable = _! welcome sn[-:ite bells 9 ! e>lie/ days ( ! op5+ spr+4 ,!y %\ld be plant$ 9 clumps1 & left alone = ye>s4 ,! d\ble-fl[]+ v>iety is exquisitely beautiful3 we might1 inde$1 speak ( x z a bit ( floral jewell]y4 ,! fl[]s are bell-%ap$1 closely pack$ ) petals1 l s _m microscopic petticoats arrang$ = ! #8tir+' ( a fairy3 !y are sn[-:ite & sometimes delicately tipp$ ) light gre54 ,?is v>iety is z h>dy z ! s+le1 & ! be/ = gr[+ 9 baskets & pots4 ,:5 employ$ 9 l9es ! plant+ ought to be v close toge!r1 & ! l9e %\ld be compos$ ( sev]al r[s1 mak+1 9 fact1 a broad b&4 ,su* a ribbon :5 back$ ) ,scilla sibirica is v beautiful4 ,! be/ way ( display+ ! ,sn[drop alone is 9 l>ge gr\ps d5sely cr[d$ toge!r4 ,! effect is mu* m tell+ ?an :5 ! same numb] ( bulbs is spread ov] a l>g] area4 ,put ! roots 9 drills1 two in*es deep1 & if possible 9 a spot :]e !y ne$ n be di/urb$ = two or ?ree ye>s4 ,sn[drops may be gr[n 9 pots1 & be g5tly =c$ = ,*ri/mas4 ,b unless want$ v e>ly1 x w answ] to lift clumps f ! bord] 9 ,novemb] & pot !m4 ,,sp>axis ,see in/ructions "u ,ixia at page #cch4 ,,tigridia1 or ,,f]r>ia ,! %ort-liv$ blossoms ( ! ,tig] ,fl[] are mo/ gorge\sly pa9t$1 & diff] f ev]y?+ else ( ! great family ( ,irids to :i* !y belong4 ,mu* f9] fl[]s are produc$ 9 ! bord] ?an :5 gr[n 9 pots1 & !y pres5t great v>iety1 sc>cely any two among/ hundr$s %[+ fl[]s exactly alike4 ,! usual "t ( plant+ outdoors is ,m>* or ,april1 at a dep? ( ?ree or f\r in*es1 & ! fl[]s appe> 9 ,june4 ,s&y loam & peaty soils are especially suitable4 ,al?\gh ,tigridias are n q h>dy !y w on a dry bord] pass ! w9t] securely b5ea? a protection ( litt]4 ,b :]e ! soil is damp x is saf] to lift !m 9 ,octob] & /ore 9 ! same mann] z ,gladioli4 ,a b$ ( ,tigridias makes an agreeable ornam5t 9 front ( ! w9d[ ( a breakfa/-room1 z ! fl[]s are 9 a brilliant /ate 9 ! e>ly h\rs ( ! day4 ,,triteleia ,,uniflora ,?is little gem belongs to ! spr+ g>d51 & %\ld be ! companion ( ! ,dog's-too? ,violet1 ! ,crocus1 & ! ,sn[drop4 ,x w gr[ 9 any soil1 & w produce an abundance ( its violet-t9t$ :ite fl[]s1 :i*1 :5 h&l$1 emit a fa9t od\r ( g>lic4 ,z a pot plant = ! ,alp9e h\se x is fir/-rate4 ,9 ! op51 plant 9 ,octob] two in*es deep4 ,,tritonia ,tritonias are m %[y ?an ! ,ixia or ,sp>axis1 b belong to ! same gr\p ( ,s\? ,african ,irids1 & require ! same treatm5t4 ,!y may be plant$ out 9 ,april1 if prep>$ = t mode ( cultivation by putt+ !m 9 small pots 9 ,novemb] or ,decemb]4 ,x is n advisable to tie !m to /icks1 = !y are m elegant :5 all[$ to fall ov] ! edge ( ! pots1 & sugge/ ! #8neglig5ce ( ,nature4' ,,trop,,olum ,t4 tub]osum4--,a few ( ! tub]\s-root$ ,tropolums are h>dy1 b x is n wise to leave !m 9 ! gr\nd1 = damp may de/roy !m1 if !y are pro( aga9/ fro/4 ,!y are all graceful trail+ plants1 adapt$ = cov]+ wire trellises1 & may be fl[]$ at any season if requir$1 ?\gh _! natural season is ! summ]4 ,! compo/ 9 :i* !y ?rive be/ is a light ri* loam1 conta9+ a l>ge proportion ( s&4 ,! /ems are usually tra9$ on wires1 b !y may be all[$ to fall d[n f a pot or basket ) excell5t effect1 to =m a mo/ attractive trac]y ( leafage dott$ ) dazzl+ fl[]s4 ,! sunnie/ "p ( ! gre5h\se %\ld be devot$ to ! ,tropolums1 & special c>e %\ld be tak5 9 pott+ !m to secure ample dra9age4 ,t4 speciosum4--,?is %[y v>iety is q h>dy1 & is l>gely gr[n 9 ,scotl& :]e x may frequ5tly be se5 on cottage walls4 ,! roots may be plant$ 9 ei!r spr+ or autumn1 & a moi/1 some:at %ad$ position be/ suits ! plant4 ,,tub]ose ,polian!s tub]osa ,?is bulb is ext5sively gr[n 9 ! ,s\? ( ,france = ! delici\s p]fume obta9able f its num]\s pure :ite fl[]s4 ,9 ?is c\ntry x is widely kn[n1 b consid]+ ! beauty & exce$+ fragrance ( ! blossoms x is a/oni%+ t a great] numb] are n plant$ e season4 ,p]haps ! fact t ! bulbs are valueless aft] ! fir/ ye> may 9 a measure acc\nt = ! comp>atively limit$ culture4 ,!y are easily fl[]$ z pot plants 9 a mixture ( loam & leaf-m\ld1 plung$ 9 a bottom heat rang+ betwe5 #fj & #gj4 ,! gr[? is r tall1 & unless kept ne> ! glass ! /ems become unsightly 9 l5g?4 ,,tulip ,culture 9 ,pots4--,:5 gr[n 9 pots1 ,tulips are treat$ 9 precisely ! same mann] z ! ,hyac9?1 b sev]al bulbs1 accord+ to _! size & ! purpose !y are int5d$ =1 are plac$ 9 a pot4 ,:5 requir$ to fill p]gnes & baskets1 & o!r elegant receptacles1 x is a good plan to gr[ !m 9 %all[ boxes1 z recomm5d$ = ,crocuses1 & transf] !m :5 9 fl[] to ! vases & baskets4 ,?is mode ( proc$ure insures exactitude ( height & col\r+1 :]eas1 :5 ! bulbs are gr[n f ! fir/ 9 ! ornam5tal vessels1 !y may n fl[] ) suffici5t uni=mity to produce a satisfactory display4 ,9 common ) ! ,hyac9? & ,crocus1 ,tulips may be tak5 out ( ! soil 9 :i* !y h be5 gr[n1 & aft] wa%+ ! roots clean1 !y c be ins]t$ 9 glasses = decorat+ an ap>tm5t4 ,e>ly ,tulips are (t5 employ$ 9 ?is way to light up fe/ive ga!r+s at ,*ri/mas & ! e>ly mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,b ! pot culture ( ,tulips ne$ n be re/rict$ to ! e>ly v>ieties4 ,! ,d>w9 & ,may-fl[]+ classes are also admirable :5 gr[n 9 ?is way1 b x is important !y %\ld n be hurri$ into bloom4 ,if plac$ 9 mod]ate heat & all[$ ample "t to develop1 beautiful long-/emm$ fl[]s may be _h 9 ,m>* :i* w make a *>m+ decoration = ! draw+-room or ! d9n]-table4 ,culture 9 ,moss-fibre4--,no bulb excels ! ,tulip 9 adaptability = b[l culture1 giv5 ! treatm5t sugge/$ = ,n>cissi & ,daffodils on page #cde1 & p>ticul>ly ) respect to moi/ure4 ,culture 9 ! ,op5 ,gr\nd4--,= g5]al usefulness ! e>ly ,tulips are ! mo/ valuable ( all1 because ( _! peculi>ly accommodat+ nature1 _! _m & brilliant col\rs1 & _! suitability = ! =mation ( ri* masses 9 ! fl[] g>d54 ,any good soil w suit !m1 & !y may be plant$ 9 quantities "u trees if ! position enjoys "s am\nt ( sun%9e1 because !y w h f9i%$ _! gr[? be=e ! leafage ( ! trees %ades !m injuri\sly4 ,if x is necess>y to prep>e or improve ! soil = !m1 ! aim %\ld be to r5d] x ri* & s&y1 & suffici5tly dra9$ to avoid a boggy "* 9 w9t]4 ,plant 9 ,octob] or ,novemb]1 f\r or five in*es deep1 & six in*es ap>t4 ,! roots require no wat] & no supports1 & may all be tak5 up & /or$ away 9 good "t = ! usual summ] display ( b$d+ plants4 ,= geometric plant+ x is important to select ! v>ieties ) c>e1 b a mo/ int]e/+ bord] may be made by plant+ clumps ( all ! be/ sorts ( ! sev]al classes4 ,! result w be a long-cont9u$ & spl5did display1 beg9n+ ) ! #8,van ,?ols' 7:i* are z h>dy z any71 foll[+ ) ! e>ly class 9 almo/ endless v>iety1 & f9i%+ ) ! noble ,d>w9 & ,may-fl[]+ sections4 ,! la/ nam$ include a v l>ge numb] ( extremely h&some fl[]s1 & _! la/+ beauty is ( especial value at a season ( ! ye> :5 spr+ blooms are ov] & summ] plants h sc>cely begun to make a %[4 ,z cut fl[]s ,tulips are wor?y ( special att5tion4 ,) v little c>e !y n only ma9ta9 _! full beauty 9 vases = a =tnight1 b "s ( !m actually increase 9 brilliancy ( col\r+4 ,! ,may-fl[]+ classes are p]haps ! mo/ appreciat$ = cutt+1 because ( _! great l5g? ( /em & ! endur+ "* ( ! fl[]s4 ,!y are extremely beautiful 9 tall vases4 ,,vallota ,,purpurea ,?is brilliant plant is ne>ly h>dy 9 ! ,s\!rn c\nties1 & a cool gre5h\se plant :]e x _c be gr[n 9 ! op5 bord]4 ,to produce f9e specim5s a firm loamy soil is necess>y1 ) abundance ( wat] all ! summ]1 & mod]ate supplies all ! w9t]4 ,! bulbs fl[] m freely :5 some:at pot-b\nd4 ,!re=e !y %\ld n be re-pott$ too (t54 ,"u ^! conditions fe$+ ) cle> liquid manure is necess>y once a week f ! "t ! fl[]-buds %[ until !y beg9 to op54 ,to dry (f ! bulb may weak5 or kill x4 ,^? :o _c cultivate ! ,am>yllis w f9d ! ,vallota an excell5t sub/itute4 ,,violet1 ,,dog',s-,,too?--see page #cbg ,,w9t] ,,aconite ,! ,w9t] ,aconite is ! v #8fir/l+' ( ! ye>1 = x blooms 9 advance ( ! ,sn[drop1 cov]+ ! gr\nd ) gilt spangles 9 ! bleake/ days ( ,febru>y4 ,any soil or situation w suit x1 & x %\ld be plant$ 9 l>ge pat*es :]e a w9t]'s walk 9 ! g>d5 af=ds pleasure4 ,x %\ld also be gr[n 9 quantity )9 view f ! w9d[s1 = ! b5efit ( ^? :o1 9 ! dre>y season1 _c get out4 ,! bulbs may be left 9 ! gr\nd = sev]al ye>s1 or !y may be tak5 up & /or$ aft] ! leaves h p]i%$4 ,,zephyran!s ,,c&ida ,fl[] ( ! ,we/ ,w9d ,a dw>f :ite ,crocus-l fl[]1 ) foliage resembl+ ! common ,ru% on a small scale4 ,plant 9 clumps f ,novemb] to ,m>* 9 bord]s1 & x w comm5ce bloom+ ab\t ! end ( ,july1 & cont9ue 9 fl[] until fro/ cuts x d[n4 ,any soil w suit ?is plant1 & x ?rives = sev]al ye>s if left undi/urb$4 ,,fl[]s ,,all ,,! ,,ye> ,,r\nd ,,f ,,se$s ,,& ,,roots ,be=e proce$+ to ! duties :i* ne$ att5tion 9 successive mon?s ( ! ye>1 x may be wor? :ile to consid] "s ( ! po9ts :i* con/itute ! alphabet ( fl[] culture4 ,to gr[ any plant 9 a pot is an artificial proce$+1 & ! conditions = its su/5ance & heal? h to be provid$4 ,among ^! conditions are temp]ature & accommodation4 ,x is useless to attempt to gr[ fl[]s :i* require heat unless t necessity c be met4 ,& x is equally useless to pot m plants ?an ! space w accommodate :5 !y atta9 _! full size4 ,a limit$ numb]1 well gr[n1 w produce a great] weal? ( bloom1 ( f9] quality1 ?an a l>g] numb] :i* become feeble f defici5cy ( space = developm5t4 ,nev]!less1 !re are _m v>ieties rais$ 9 heat 9 ! e>ly mon?s ( ! ye> :i* c be gr[n & fl[]$ 9 ! mo/ satisfactory mann]1 )\t any k9d ( artificial aid1 f s[+s made 9 ! op5 gr\nd dur+ ,april or ,may4 ,! fl[]+ w be some:at lat] ?an f plants br\ght =w>d "u glass2 b z !y receive no *eck f ! v comm5cem5t1 !y w n be greatly beh9d _! nurs$ relations2 & !y may ev5 excel !m 9 robu/ beauty1 if !y are treat$ intellig5tly & ) a g5]\s h&4 ,good ,soil = pot plants is n always obta9able at a reasonable co/1 & sometimes ! mat]ials at h& mu/ be made to s]ve ! purpose4 ,none ! less is x true1 t 9 proportion to ! skill & exp]i5ce ( ! cultivator w be 8 desire to secure a supply ( loam1 peat1 & leaf-m\ld4 ,^? :o are capable ( turn+ poor soil to ! be/ acc\nt are precisely ! m5 :o w be mo/ anxi\s to obta9 ! mat]ials :i* are kn[n to promote ! luxuriant gr[? ( pot plants4 ,! top spit ( an old pa/ure makes capital pott+ soil4 ,if tak5 f light l&1 x ne$ only be /ack$ = "o ye> be=e use4 ,a heavy loam %\ld be kept = at lea/ two seasons1 & 9 any case ! heap %\ld be turn$ & re-made sev]al times4 ,a slight spr9kl+ ( soot betwe5 ! lay]s ( soil w be b5eficial1 & help to make x di/a/eful to grubs1 wireworms1 & o!r v]m94 ,! frequ5t turn+ ( ! heap w n be wa/$ lab\r1 = x equalises ! quality1 & t5ds to sweet5 ! :ole by expos+ new surfaces to ! atmosph]e2 & ?is is a great aid to heal?y gr[?4 ,_m plants ?rive 9 peat1 or 9 soil ( :i* peat is a con/itu5t1 & "s fl[]s _c be gr[n )\t x4 ,! peat may h to be pur*as$ f a di/ance1 b !re is no difficulty 9 obta9+ x4 ,a con/ant supply ( decay$ leaf-m\ld may possibly be arrang$ on ! spot by sweep+ up leaves & mak+ a fre% heap e fall4 ,9 due "t ^! leaves w decay & make useful pott+ soil4 ,if ?is is out ( ! "q1 ! requisite quantity mu/ be pur*as$4 ,! prep>ation ( soil = pot plants is frequ5tly po/pon$ until ! day on :i* x is actually requir$4 ,?is is a bad practice1 & results too (t5 9 ! use ( an improp] proportion ( ! mat]ials1 & p]haps 9 _! defective admixture4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 all o!r op]ations connect$ ) horticulture1 ! m5 :o make all requisite arrangem5ts 9 advance w a*ieve ! highe/ results4 ,9 no pursuit ( life is x m necess>y to =eca/ com+ wants ?an 9 ! culture ( fl[]s4 ,we w suppose t ?ree or f\r weeks h5ce _m pots are to be fill$ ) ,primulas4 ,! man :o gr[s ?is fl[] ) any degree ( en?usiasm w n def] ! prep>ation ( ! soil until ! day arrives = pott+ ! plants4 ,he w det]m9e 9 advance ! proportions ( loam1 leaf-m\ld1 & s&1 h ! :ole ?or\ghly incorporat$1 & possibly sift$ to remove /ones4 ,) ^! may come away "s undecay$ fibres1 :i* make excell5t mat]ial = lay+ ov] ! crocks at ! bottom ( ea* pot4 ,=e?\ght ( ?is k9d is c]ta9 ( an ample rew>d4 ,pott+ soil %\ld also be 9 ! "r condition z to moi/ure4 ,?is is n easy to describe1 b x mu/ h&le freely1 & yet !re %\ld be no necessity = ! imm$iate application ( wat] aft] s[+ se$s or plant+ bulbs4 ,9 ! ev5t ( ! compo/ be+ too dry1 give x a soak+ & all[ x to re/ = "o or m days1 accord+ to ! "t ( ye> & ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e4 ,pots1 new or old1 %\ld be soak$ 9 wat] be=e use4 ,!y are v por\s1 & by absorb+ moi/ure f ! soil !y may at once make x too dry1 al?\gh 9 exactly ! "r condition be=e be+ plac$ 9 ! pots4 ,& old pots ought nev] to be us$ until !y h be5 scrubb$ q clean4 ,^! may appe> to be trivial matt]s1 unwor?y ( att5tion4 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 an influ5ce on ! heal? ( plants1 & exp]i5c$ gr[]s "k t a few app>5t trifles make all ! diff]5ce betwe5 success & failure4 ,pots :i* are dirty1 or cov]$ ) gre5 moss1 prev5t access ( air1 & t5d to br+ ab\t a sickly gr[?4 ,cleanl9ess 9 horticulture is valuable = its own sake1 & = ! ord]ly r\t9e x necessitates on ! "p ( ! cultivator4 ,pots are kn[n bo? by numb] & by size4 ,!y are sold by ! #8ca/1' & a ca/ always consi/s ( ! di/+ui%+ numb]4 ,! foll[+ are ! numb]s & sizes3-- ,numb] 9 ,ca/ ,in*es #gb ,inside diamet] across top #b-a_/b ,small #fj 0 0 #b-c_/d ,mid4 #fj 0 0 #c ,l>ge #fj 0 0 #c-a_/b ,small #ed 0 0 #d ,l>ge #ed 0 0 #d-a_/d ,small #dh 0 0 #d-c_/d ,l>ge #dh 0 0 #e #dj 0 0 #e-a_/b #cb 0 0 #f-a_/d #bh 0 0 #g #bd 0 0 #g-a_/b #af 0 0 #h-a_/b #ab 0 0 #i-a_/b #h 0 0 #aa #f 0 0 #ab-a_/b #d 0 0 #ad #b 0 0 #ae-a_/b #a 0 0 #ah ,wat]+ is sometimes conduct$ on ! pr9ciple t ! usual "t has arriv$1 & !re=e ! plants mu/ h wat]4 ,b d !y ne$ x8 ,press ! f+]s firmly on ! surface2 if p>ticles ( soil adh]e x is too dry4 ,or tap ! pots sm>tly ) ! knuckles or ) a /ick1 :5 a cle> & unmi/akable answ] w be obta9$4 ,plants diff] widely 9 _! dem& = wat]4 ,"s are v ?ir/y1 o!rs require less frequ5t att5tion4 ,! season ( ! ye> & ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e h also to be consid]$1 z well z ! fact t a heavy soil is m ret5tive ( moi/ure ?an a light] compo/4 ,a wat*ful eye & a will+ h& w seldom err on ?is po9t4 ,! wat] %\ld always be ( ! same temp]ature z ! h\se1 o!rwise ! plants w be con/antly *eck$4 ,a tank 9 ! gre5h\se meets ?is requirem5t4 ,9 its abs5ce1 ! wat]+-pots %\ld be kept full "u ! /age1 & !y w be ready :5 want$4 ,9 ! op5 gr\nd1 x is bett] to wat] a few plots ?or\ghly = two or ?ree successive ev5+s1 & !n h an int]val1 r ?an moi/5 ! surface daily4 ,! effect ( con/antly apply+ small quantities ( wat] is to enc\rage ! surface gr[? ( roots4 ,!n1 if ! sun %9es fi]cely on ! soil1 ! fir/ day ( neglect results 9 imm5se mis*ief4 ,dra9age is easily manag$4 ,into ea* pot put a crock almo/ ! size ( ! bottom1 ) ! convex side upw>ds4 ,!re ne$ be no niggl+ to remove %>p angles1 or to make ! fragm5t %apely4 ,cov] ?is ) small] crocks1 & ^! ) moss1 or 9 "s cases ) small pieces ( *>coal4 ,if ! compo/ has a prop] admixture ( %>p s& or grit1 free dra9age w be insur$1 & yet ! soil _c be wa%$ ?r\gh ! pot4 ,silv] s& is (t5 employ$1 & !re is no?+ bett] = ! purpose4 ,b ! sweep+s f gravel walks1 f9ely sift$1 may be sub/itut$4 ,road grit is (t5 infe/$ ) we$ se$s4 ,v5tilation is important1 = a h\se full ( plants _c long be kept clos$ ) impunity4 ,! lights %\ld be op5$ :5ev] ! /ate ( ! wea!r may p]mit1 & by do+ ?is on ! side opposite to ! qu>t] :5ce ! w9d bl[s x is frequ5tly safe to give air :5 x may be dang]\s f o!r po9ts ( ! compass2 & x %\ld be done e>ly 9 ! day1 be=e ! sun gets hot4 ,(t5 ! lights rema9 clos$ on a sunny morn+ until ! atmosph]e becomes /ifl+2 & !n p]haps plants :i* h be5 made s5sitive by excess ( heat are subject$ to a kill+ draught4 ,9 manag+ ,temp]ature1 !re %\ld be no viol5t alt]nations ( heat & cold1 = ^! br+ spe$y disa/]2 &1 x is unwise to employ m heat ?an is actually necess>y4 ,deviations f ?is rule are g5]ally traceable to neglect4 ,if ! prop] season = s[+ se$ ( "s important fl[] has be5 all[$ to pass1 an attempt is made to comp5sate = lo/ "t by hurry+ ! gr[? 9 a =c+ temp]ature4 ,e ne$less degree ( heat w be h>mful1 & result 9 att5uat$ gr[?1 pov]ty ( col\r1 or 9 ! attack ( "s insect plague :i* ! weakly plant seldom invites 9 va94 ,x is wise always to employ ! l[e/ temp]ature 9 :i* plants w fl\ri%4 ,?is necessitates ! prop] "t = _! full developm5t1 & w result 9 a /urdy gr[? capable ( yield+ a b\ntiful display ( bloom4 ,occasionally x is requisite to =ce "s special subject1 su* z bulbs = ,*ri/mas fe/ivities4 ,ev5 !n x is advisable to augm5t ! temp]ature v gradually1 & to def] ! employm5t ( its highe/ p[] until ! late/ possible mom5t4 ,plants are frequ5tly tak5 /raight f ! =c+ pit into a cold room1 to _! utt] ru94 ,a mom5t's reflection w %[ ! folly ( su* a proce$+4 ,!y %\ld be prep>$ = ! *ange by gradual transf] ?r\gh l[] temp]atures2 & if only a few h\rs are occupi$ 9 ! process x w help !m to pass ! ordeal ) less injury4 ,x %\ld be an e/abli%$ cu/om to exam9e ! se$-pans at lea/ once e day1 & morn+ is ! be/ "t = ! task4 ,if "w has to be done1 !re is ! :ole day to arrange = its accompli%m5t4 ,:]eas1 if ! visit is n made until ev5+1 !re may n rema9 suffici5t daylight to d :at is necess>y4 ,j z se$l+s are />t+1 a few h\rs' neglect w r5d] !m weak & leggy4 ,:5 transf]r+ plants f se$-pans1 x is usual to put !m r\nd ! edges ( pots4 ,?is is no m]e caprice1 b is f\nd$ on ! well-asc]ta9$ fact t se$l+s e/abli% _! roots ) great] read9ess ne> ! edge ( ! pot ?an away f x4 ,9 ! foll[+ mon?ly notes1 our pr9cipal object is to (f] a s]ies ( rem9d]s :i* w insure ! s[+ ( v>i\s fl[] se$s & ! plant+ ( bulbs at _! prop] p]iods1 & ?us save ! disappo9tm5t ( los+ "s important display = a :ole season4 ,^? :o h comm& ( l>ge res\rces w s[ c]ta9 se$s a mon? e>li] ?an we recomm5d1 & _! intimate k & abundant facilities ju/ify _! practice4 ,b we h especially 9 view ! possibilities = an amateur1 & ( g>d5s mod]ate 9 ext5t1 :]e appliances may n be ( ! mo/ p]fect k9d4 ,:5 se$s are once s[n or bulbs pott$1 ! "w is be=e ! cultivator1 & appeals mutely = att5tion4 ,!re=e x is n our purpose to give detail$ & cont9u\s in/ructions mon? by mon? = e fl[]4 ,our rem>ks are limit$ to h9ts at ! "t = s[+ or plant+1 & to "s few po9ts :i* may subsequ5tly appe> to dem& notice4 ,= conv5i5ce ( ref]5ce1 ! subjects are pres5t$ alphabetically "u ea* mon?4 ,,janu>y4 ,9 ! op5 gr\nd !re is little or no?+ ( int]e/ 9 ! way ( fl[]s1 b ! gre5h\ses & pits are full ( promise4 ,a con/ant wat* mu/ be kept on ! b>omet]1 & ! mat]ials = repell+ fro/ or bleak w9ds %\ld be at p]fect comm&1 s t !re may be ample provision = sav+ plants f bit+ wea!r4 ,a*im5es are /ove bulbs & _c be gr[n )\t a suffici5cy ( heat4 ,a w>m gre5h\se w answ] = !m1 & "s g>d5]s produce fair specim5s 9 frames ov] hot-b$s4 ,! bulbs w lie dormant = a consid]able "t1 s t x is easy to h a succession ( fl[]s4 ,a few %\ld be />t$ 9 ,janu>y1 employ+ s&y loam = ! pots4 ,foll[ up ) o!rs at int]vals4 ,am>yllis may be s[n 9 any mon? ( ! ye>1 b ! mo/ satisfactory p]iod is imm$iately aft] ! se$ is rip5$1 & x is advisable to put "o se$ only 9 ea* small pot4 ,! sl[ & irregul> g]m9ation ( ! f9e/ new se$ makes ! sep>ate sy/em almo/ a necessity4 ,a ri* compo/1 well-dra9$ pots1 & a temp]ature ( ab\t #fe suit ^! plants4 ,anemone4--,see rem>ks "u ,octob]4 ,antirrh9ums rais$ 9 heat n[ w fl[] f ,july onw>ds4 ,prick (f ! se$l+s1 & gradually h>d5 = plant+ out 9 ,may4 ,!re are dw>f1 m$ium1 & tall v>ieties1 ( _m beautiful col\rs4 ,begonia1 ,tub]\s-root$4--,! grace & beauty ( ?is plant h plac$ x 9 ! front rank ( popul> fav\rites4 ,= ! foliage alone x is wor? gr[+1 & ! fl[]s are unique 9 bo? =m & col\r4 ,rais+ plants f se$ is n only ! lea/ exp5sive process1 b x possesses all ! *>m aris+ f ! hope ( "s novelty :i* %all eclipse previ\sly kn[n v>ieties4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 new attractions ei!r 9 col\r or 9 habit are introduc$ almo/ e ye>4 ,f a s[+ made n[ plants %\ld fl[] 9 ,july & ,augu/4 ,! se$ is small1 & requires c>eful h&l+4 ,x is also sl[ & caprici\s 9 g]m9at+1 & _m gr[]s h _! own pet me?ods ( />t+ x4 ,good results are obta9$ by insur+ free dra9age1 & p>tly fill+ ! pots ) r r\gh fibr\s compo/1 cov]$ ) a lay] ( f9e s&y loam made ev5 = a se$-b$4 ,?is is spr9kl$ ) wat]1 & ! se$ is s[n v ?9ly4 ,"s exp]i5c$ gr[]s make a r loose surface1 press ! se$ g5tly into x1 & d n f9i% ) a cov]+ ( soil4 ,! majority1 h[ev]1 w f9d x saf] to give a slight sift+ ( f9e e>? ov] ! se$4 ,!n comes a trial ( pati5ce1 & z ! se$l+s appe> at int]vals1 ! wisdom ( ?9 s[+ w be app>5t1 = ea* "o c be lift$ & pott$ z x becomes ready1 )\t wa/+ ! rema9d]4 ,an ev5 temp]ature ( ab\t #fe is ess5tial dur+ g]m9ation4 ,begonia bulbs :i* h be5 /or$ ?r\gh ! w9t] w ne$ c>eful wat*+4 ,n until !y />t naturally %\ld !re be any attempt to induce gr[?1 or 9 all probability x w result 9 ! de/ruction ( ! bulb4 ,su* z %[ signs ( life %\ld be pott$ 9 good soil1 comm5c+ ) small pots1 & %ift+ into l>g] sizes z ! pots become full ( roots4 ,until ! f9al size is rea*$1 remove all fl[]s4 ,a w>m humid atmosph]e is fav\rable to !m :ile gr[+1 b :5 fl[]+ beg9s moi/ure w be injuri\s4 ,begonia1 ,fibr\s-root$1 may also be s[n at ! end ( ?is mon? or 9 ,febru>y1 & aga9 e>ly 9 ,m>*4 ,"u simil> treatm5t to t advis$ = ,tub]\s-root$ ,begonias1 ! plants w be ready 9 ,june = transf] to b$s or z an edg+ to bord]s4 ,canna4--,f ! popul> "n ( ,indian ,%ot x w naturally be inf]r$ t ! se$ is extremely h>d & sph]ical4 ,x ne$s soak+ 9 wat] = ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e s[+4 ,ev5 !n x w probably be a consid]able "t 9 g]m9at+1 & !re w also be v>iable int]vals betwe5 ! appe>ance ( ! se$l+s4 ,a high temp]ature is necess>y to insure a />t2 b aft] ! "y plants are transf]r$ to s+le pots1 !y %\ld be kept /eadily go+ 9 a m mod]ate heat until ready = ! bord] or sub-tropical g>d5 9 ,june4 ,mean:ile !y w ne$ re-pott+ two or ?ree times1 & %\ld h a ri* & r /iff compo/4 ,c>nation4--,se$ ( ! e>ly-fl[]+ class %\ld be s[n 9 heat dur+ ?is mon? & aga9 9 ,febru>y4 ,) v little tr\ble1 plants c be br\ght =w>d & transf]r$ to ! op5 gr\nd1 :]e !y w give a spl5did display 9 ab\t six mon?s f ! date ( s[+4 ,*rysan!mums ( ! l>ge-fl[]+ p]5nial type c easily be rais$ f se$4 ,if s[n dur+ ?is mon? or 9 ,febru>y 9 a mod]ate heat1 ! plants w fl[] ! fir/ season4 ,pot ! se$l+s imm$iately !y are ready1 !n h>d51 & put !m out ( doors z e>ly z may be safe4 ,?is treatm5t w keep !m dw>f & robu/4 ,se$l+s %\ld n be /opp$1 b be all[$ to gr[ q naturally4 ,c9]>ias %\ld h air :5ev] x is possible4 ,*oose ! middle ( ! day = wat]+1 & d n slop ! wat] ab\t c>elessly1 or mildew may result4 ,9 h\ses :i* are n light$ all r\nd1 ! plants %\ld be turn$ regul>ly to prev5t !m f fac+ "o way4 ,su* specim5s are wor?less = ! d9n]-table1 & w be dim9i%$ 9 value = decorat+ ! draw+-room4 ,cyclam5s are /ill 9 ! height ( _! beauty4 ,! pots h become s full ( roots t ord9>y wat]+ p>tially fails ( its purpose4 ,an occasional imm]sion ( ! pots = ab\t half an h\r w result 9 m>k$ b5efit to ! plants4 ,! fl[]s1 :5 tak5 f ! corm1 %\ld be lift$ by a sm>t pull4 ,if cut1 ! /ems ble$ & exhau/ ! root4 ,:]e a succession ( ?is fl[] is valu$1 a s[+ %\ld be made 9 ?is mon?4 ,dibble ! se$1 an in* ap>t & a qu>t] ( an in* deep1 9 pots or pans firmly fill$ ) ri* por\s soil2 & place 9 heat ( n less ?an #ef & n exce$+ #gj2 ! less ! temp]ature v>ies ! bett]4 ,cyclam5 se$ is bo? sl[ & irregul> 9 g]m9at+1 & sometimes proves a sore trial ev5 to ^? :o are bless$ ) pati5ce4 ,z ! se$l+s become ready transf] to small pots1 & %ift on z gr[? dem&s1 always keep+ ! cr[n ( ! corm free f soil4 ,! increas+ p[] ( ! sun w r5d] %ad+ ess5tial2 yet a position ne> ! glass is mo/ advantage\s to ! plants4 ,freesia4--,?is elegant & delicately p]fum$ fl[] is annually rais$ 9 l>ge numb]s f se$4 ,f ?is mon? to ,m>* s[+s may be made 9 heat1 & z ! roots are extremely brittle1 re-pott+ is a delicate op]ation4 ,gesn]a4--,^? :o h once gr[n ?is h&some cons]vatory plant w n aft]w>ds cons5t to be )\t x4 ,! ri*ly m>k$ foliage contra/s admirably ) ! fl[]s4 ,s[ 9 ! mann] advis$ = ,glox9ia1 & ! two plants may be gr[n 9 ! same h\se4 ,glox9ia4--,f two or ?ree s[+s1 & by a little managem5t1 x is easy to h a supply ( ?is magnific5t fl[] 9 e mon? ( ! ye>4 ,s[ ?9ly 9 new pots fill$ ) a light por\s compo/1 & see t ! dra9age is exceptionally good4 ,give ! pots a w>m moi/ position1 & a light spr9kl+ ( wat] daily w assi/ g]m9ation4 ,! fir/ se$l+s t are ready %\ld be lift$ & prick$ (f )\t di/urb+ ! rema9d] ( ! soil4 ,foll[ up ! process until all are transf]r$4 ,al?\gh ! leaves may re/ on ! surface1 ! he>ts %\ld nev] be cov]$4 ,pot (f s+ly :5 l>ge en\gh1 & %ift on until ! #dh-size is rea*$4 ,= ord9>y plants ?is is l>ge en\gh1 b extra f9e specim5s ne$ m pot room1 & s long z increas$ space is giv5 ! fl[]+ w be def]r$4 ,betwe5 ! plants !re mu/ be a cle> space or ! leaves w decay ?r\gh contact4 ,:ile gr[+1 a moi/ atmosph]e1 ) a temp]ature ( #fj or #fe 1 w suit !m2 b imm$iately fl[]+ comm5ces1 humidity is a s\rce ( mis*ief4 ,! mo/ =w>d plants f ?is mon?'s s[+ w1 if well treat$1 beg9 to fl[] 9 ,june4 ,grevillea robu/a4--,se$ ( ?is exce$+ly h&some %rub may be s[n at any "t ( ! ye>1 & ! pots conta9+ x mu/ be kept moi/ until ! se$l+s appe>4 ,h[ long x w be be=e !y become visible we _c tell4 ,g]m9ation may n occur until hope has di$1 & ! pots h be5 contemptu\sly relegat$ to "s obscure corn]4 ,b aft] ! "y plants are prick$ (f1 !y w give no tr\ble1 except to re-pot !m two or ?ree times1 & to take c>e t !y d n p]i% = want ( wat]4 ,hollyhock4--,?is /ately bord] fl[] is occasionally gr[n & fl[]$ z an annual1 & "s g>d5]s succe$ 9 produc+ satisfactory plants1 c>ry+ f9e d\ble blossoms1 sup]b 9 col\r & ( noble proportions4 ,:]e ?is me?od is possible x is necess>y to s[ 9 ! op5+ mon? ( ! ye>1 & to use well-dra9$ pots or se$-pans4 ,cov] ! se$ ) a spr9kl+ ( f9e soil1 & place 9 a temp]ature ( #fe or #gjj4 ,9 ab\t a =tnight ! se$l+s w be ready = prick+ (f r\nd ! edges ( #d #a_/b-;in* pots4 ,b z a rule ! f9e/ spikes are obta9$ f a s[+ 9 ,july or ,augu/4 ,petunia4--,ab\t ! ?ird week ( ?is mon? a s[+ %\ld be made to produce plants = indoor decoration4 ,late 9 ,febru>y or e>ly 9 ,m>* w be soon en\gh to prep>e = b$d+ /uff4 ,s[ ?9ly 9 good por\s soil1 & give ! pots or pans a temp]ature ( ab\t #fj4 ,!y %\ld h a little extra att5tion j z ! se$ is g]m9at+1 = t is a critical "t ) ,petunias4 ,uni=mity 9 temp]ature & moi/ure1 ) %ade :5 necess>y1 & pl5ty ( pot room1 are ! secrets ( success 9 gr[+ ^! plants4 ,/atice4--,! ,sea ,lav5d]s make attractive bord] subjects1 b ! sprays ( fl[]s are probably /ill m valu$ = cutt+ &1 :5 dri$1 = ! w9t] decoration ( vases 9 association ) ,ev]la/+s4 ,se$ ( ! half-h>dy v>ieties may be s[n f ,janu>y to ,m>* 9 g5tle heat1 transf]r+ ! plants to ! op5 9 due c\rse4 ,v]b5a4--,?is fl[] %\ld be gr[n ) z little artificial aid z possible4 ,9 fact1 ! m ne>ly x is treat$ z a h>dy plant ! m vigor\s & free bloom+ w x be4 ,a temp]ature ( #fj is suffici5t to raise ! se$ at ?is p]iod ( ! ye>2 & aft] ! plants are e/abli%$ 9 pots1 heat may be gradually disp5s$ )4 ,s[ 9 pans or boxes fill$ ) ri*1 mell[1 & v sweet soil4 ,transf] to ?umb pots :5 l>ge en\gh1 & give "o m %ift z gr[? dem&s1 until ! plants are ready = b$d+ out 9 ,may4 ,!re is a *oice ( di/9ct col\rs1 :i* come true f se$4 ,gre5 fly is v p>tial to ! ,v]b5a1 especially :ile 9 pots2 x mu/ be kept d[n1 or ! se$l+s w make no progress4 ,,febru>y ,a ,consid]able numb] ( important fl[]s %\ld be s[n dur+ ?is mon?4 ,! precise dates dep5d on ! di/rict1 ! "* ( ! season1 & ! res\rces ( ! cultivator4 ,%\ld ! mon? op5 ) fro/1 or ) r\gh1 wet wea!r1 x w be wise to ex]cise a little pati5ce4 ,:]e !re are insuffici5t means = battl+ ) sudd5 v>iations ( temp]ature1 *oose ! end r ?an ! beg9n+ ( ! mon? = />t+ t5d] subjects4 ,gov]n ! "w by intellig5t obs]vation1 in/ead ( foll[+ h>d & fa/ rules4 ,b 9 no case %\ld fe> ( ! wea!r =m an excuse = ! po/ponem5t ( necess>y "w4 ,annuals & ,bi5nials1 ,h>dy4--,x is "o ( ! m]its ( h>dy annuals & bi5nials s[n 9 late summ] = bloom+ 9 ! foll[+ spr+ t !y ne$ v little att5tion4 ,/ill1 !y ought n to be entirely neglect$4 ,!y %\ld be kept scrupul\sly free f we$s1 & x may be evid5t t a mul* ( decay$ manure is necess>y to protect & /r5g!n !m = a ri* display ( col\r 9 ! spr+4 ,su* v>ieties z h to be transplant$ %\ld be wat*$1 & ! fir/ suitable opportunity seiz$ = transf]r+ !m to fl[]+ positions4 ,abutilon is a fl[]+ gre5h\se %rub :i* answ]s well "u ! treatm5t ( an annual4 ,x does n ne$ a =c+ temp]ature at any /age1 nor is ! plant fa/idi\s z to soil4 ,! se$1 :i* is bo? sl[ & irregul> 9 g]m9at+1 may be s[n 9 pots4 ,z ! "y plants become ready !y %\ld be prick$ (f & kept /eadily gr[+4 ,:5 leaves drop1 x indicates mismanagem5t1 p]haps />vation4 ,a well-gr[n specim51 :5 ! buds %[1 w be two feet high1 & be> exam9ation all r\nd4 ,anemone4--,aga9/ ! practice ( plant+ roots ( ?is elegant fl[] we h n a ^w to say4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is mu* to be advanc$ 9 its fav\r4 ,arrangem5ts ( col\r c be secur$ :i* are impossible ( atta9m5t f se$l+s4 ,/ill1 !re c be no d\bt t ! suppos$ necessity ( dep5d+ alone on bulbs has prov$ a b>ri] to ! gr[? ( ,anemones 9 _m g>d5s1 & on a l>ge scale4 ,! culture f se$ is ( ! simple/ "*1 no appliances :atev] beyond ^? at ! comm& ( ! cottag] be+ ne$$4 ,! prime requisite is a ri* moi/ soil4 ,:]e ?is does n exi/ naturally1 a lib]al dress+ ( mell[ c[-manure1 &1 9 dry wea!r1 a dilig5t employm5t ( ! wat]-c1 w r5d] x possible to gr[ sup]b fl[]s ( brilliant col\r4 ,! be/ way ( mak+ ! se$-b$ is to op5 a tr5*1 putt+ a lay] ( decay$ manure at ! bottom1 & m+l+ a fur!r quantity ) ! soil :5 x is return$4 ,! addition ( "s light compo/ or s& to ! surface may or may n be necess>y to prep>e x = ! se$4 ,we pref] s[+ 9 r[s & lightly scrat*+ ! se$ 94 ,"s gr[]s only sift a little s& ov]1 & ! practice answ]s well4 ,we$s mu/ be remov$ ) c>e until ! se$l+s appe>1 & ^! are a long "t 9 com+4 ,?9n+ to six in*es ap>t1 & keep+ ! b$ clean & moi/1 con/itute ! :ole rema9d] ( ! "w ( gr[+ ,anemones4 ,aquilegia s[n ?is mon? 9 a frame w produce plants :i* may fl[] lat] 9 ! ye>1 provid$ ! season is fav\rable2 b !y w c]ta9ly pay = ?is e>ly s[+ 9 ! succe$+ spr+4 ,! plant is q h>dy1 !re=e se$ may be s[n lat] on 9 ! op5 = a display 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,asp>agus 7,gre5h\se foliage v>ieties74--,! f9ely fea!r$ sprays ( ,a4 plumosus h become indisp5sable = b\quets1 buttonholes1 & g5]al decorative purposes4 ,a4 decumb5s & ,a4 ,spr5g]i are mo/ graceful plants 9 hang+-baskets4 ,se$ ( ! ?ree v>ieties %\ld be s[n 9 heat 9 ei!r ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,auricula4--,! ,%[ ,auricula is "o ( ! reign+ beauties ( ! floral _w1 &1 l ! ,rose1 has its own special exhibitions4 ,al?\gh ! fl[] m]its all ! admiration x receives1 yet x mu/ be confess$ t "s amateurs indulge 9 a great deal ( ne$less coddl+ 9 ! "w ( rais+ x4 ,"o quality !re mu/ be 9 ! gr[]1 & t is pati5ce2 = se$ sav$ f a s+le plant 9 any giv5 season1 & s[n at "o "t1 w g]m9ate 9 ! mo/ irregul> mann]4 ,mon?s may elapse betwe5 ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ & ! la/ plant4 ,! lesson to s[ ?9ly is obvi\s1 s t ! se$l+s may be lift$ z !y become ready1 )\t di/urb+ ! surr\nd+ soil4 ,bo? ! ,%[ & ! ,alp9e v>ieties %\ld be s[n 9 pans fill$ ) a mixture ( sweet s&y loam & leaf-m\ld4 ,!y may be />t$ 9 g5tle heat1 b ?is is q optional4 ,! ,auricula is ?or\ghly h>dy aga9/ cold1 & glass is only employ$ z a protection aga9/ w9d1 heavy ra91 & atmosph]ic deposits4 ,begonia1 ,tub]\s-root$4--,se$ may /ill be s[n = a summ] display4 ,transplant se$l+s :i* are ready1 & lat] on pot !m s+ly4 ,calceol>ia1 ,%rubby4--,se$s s[n 9 pans plac$ 9 a frame or a gre5h\se ( mod]ate temp]ature w insure plants = outdoor summ] decoration4 ,transf] ! se$l+s to pots q e>ly4 ,campanula4--,by s[+ se$ 9 g5tle heat dur+ ,febru>y _m ( ! ,campanulas w fl[] ! same season4 ,^! h>dy plants require b little heat1 & !y %\ld be giv5 z mu* light & air z possible4 ,!y may be gr[n on 9 pots = ! decoration ( rooms or ! cons]vatory1 or plant$ out on good gr\nd 9 ! op5 bord]4 ,! half-h>dy trail+ v>iety1 ,c4 fragilis1 is specially adapt$ = susp5d$ baskets or l>ge vases4 ,se$ is g5]ally s[n 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*2 :5 ready ! se$l+s are transf]r$ to pots4 ,celosia plumosa4--,se$ may be s[n ei!r n[ or 9 ,m>*1 & ! r\t9e recomm5d$ = ,cockscombs w develop spl5did plumes4 ,re-pot 9 good "t to prev5t ! roots f gr[+ ?r\gh ! bottoms ( ! pots4 ,cockscomb4--,! ideal ,cockscomb is a dw>f1 well-furni%$ plant1 ) l>ge1 symmetrical1 & int5sely col\r$ combs4 ,se$ ( a fir/-class /ra9 w produce a fair proportion ( su* plants 9 ! h&s ( a man :o und]/&s _! treatm5t4 ,s[ 9 se$-pans fill$ ) ri*1 sweet1 friable loam1 & place 9 a brisk temp]ature4 ,transf] ! se$l+s v e>ly to small pots1 & %ift on until ! size is rea*$ 9 :i* !y are to fl[]4 ,directly !y become root-b\nd ! combs w be =m$4 ,cosmea4--,to prev5t ! disappo9tm5t :i* is sometimes exp]i5c$ by gr[]s ( ?is attractive half-h>dy annual1 x is ess5tial to s[ a reliable e>ly-fl[]+ /ra94 ,/>t ! se$ on a g5tle hot-b$ 9 ,febru>y & plant out ! se$l+s 9 ,may or ,june :5 ! dang] f fro/ is pa/4 ,dahlia4--,bo? ! d\ble & s+le classes c be gr[n & fl[]$ f se$ z half-h>dy annuals4 ,a s[+ 9 ?is mon? w supply plants suffici5tly =w>d to bloom at ! usual "t4 ,"s gr[]s beg9 9 ,janu>y1 & provid$ !y h room & ! "w c be foll[$ up )\t risk+ a *eck at any /age1 no objection c be rais$ to ! practice4 ,= mo/ g>d5s1 h[ev]1 ,febru>y is saf]1 & ,m>* w n be too late4 ,s[ ?9ly 9 pots or pans fill$ ) light ri* soil1 & f9i% ) a v ?9 cov]+ ( f9e leaf-m\ld4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are ab\t an in* high1 pot !m sep>ately1 tak+ special c>e ( ! weakly specim5s1 = ^! 9 po9t ( col\r may prove to be ! gems ( ! collection4 ,aft] transplant+1 a little extra att5tion w help !m to a fre% />t4 ,dian?us4--,f s[+s made ?is mon? or 9 ,janu>y1 all ! v>ieties may be rais$ 9 ab\t #ee or #fj ( heat1 b imm$iately ! se$ has g]m9at$ x is important to put ! pots 9 a l[] temp]ature1 or ! se$l+s w become s(t4 ,!y %\ld also be transf]r$ to se$-pans :5 l>ge en\gh to h&le4 ,fu*sia4--,x is n[ widely kn[n t ,fu*sias c be satisfactorily fl[]$ f se$ 9 six or sev5 mon?s1 & f a good /ra9 !re w be se$l+s well wor? gr[+4 ,s[ ?9ly on a ri* firm soil1 & give ! pots a temp]ature ( ab\t #gj4 ,:ile q small transf] ! plants to ! edges ( well-dra9$ pots1 & lat] on pot !m s+ly into a compo/ consi/+ *iefly ( leaf-m\ld until ! fl[]+ size is rea*$1 :5 a proportion ( decay$ c[-manure %\ld be add$4 ,! ,fu*sia is a gross fe$]1 & mu/ h abundance ( food & wat]4 ,aphis & ?rips are p]si/5t enemies ( ?is plant1 & w ne$ con/ant att5tion4 ,g]anium se$ may be s[n at any "t ( ! ye>1 b !re are good reasons :y ! mon?s ( ,febru>y & ,augu/ %\ld be *os54 ,se$l+s rais$ n[ w make f9e plants by ! end ( ,june1 & beg9 to fl[] 9 ,augu/4 ,!y are robu/ 9 habit1 & f a reliable /ra9 !re w be a consid]able proportion ( h&some specim5s4 ,s[ 9 pans fill$ ) soil some:at r\gh 9 texture1 & ! surface ne$ n be v smoo?4 ,lightly cov] ! se$ ) f9e loam4 ,to h plants ready = fl[]+ 9 ! summ] x w be necess>y to give ! se$-pans a temp]ature ( #fj or #gj1 & foll[ ! usual practice ( prick+ (f & pott+ ! se$l+s4 ,gladiolus4--,x is n common to gr[ ?is noble fl[] f se$1 b ! task is simple1 & se$ good en\gh to be wor? ! exp]im5t is obta9able4 ,9 l>ge pots1 well dra9$ & fill$ ) fibr\s loam & leaf-m\ld1 dibble ! se$s sep>ately an in* ap>t & half an in* deep4 ,a temp]ature ( #fe or #gj w br+ !m up1 & :5 !y rea* an in* high ! heat %\ld be gradually r$uc$4 ,! se$l+s ne$ n be transplant$1 b may rema9 9 ! same pots until ! grass dies d[n1 & ! corms are sift$ out 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,glox9ia4--,! directions "u ,janu>y are applicable1 b x w be necess>y to provide %ade = ! se$l+s z ! sun becomes hot1 especially aft] !y h be5 re-pott$4 ,ko*ia tri*ophylla4--,a beautiful half-h>dy ornam5tal annual %rub1 symmetrical 9 =m4 ,f se$ s[n dur+ ?is mon? or 9 ,m>* plants c easily be rais$ = indoor decoration or to furni% a supply = b$s & bord]s4 ,:5 well gr[n & all[$ pl5ty ( space f ! beg9n+1 ea* specim5 =ms a d5se mass ( bright gre5 foliage :i* *anges to russet-crimson 9 autumn4 ,lobelias occupy a =emo/ place = b$d+1 & are suffici5tly div]sifi$ to meet _m requirem5ts4 ,inde$1 !re is no o!r blue fl[] :i* c *all5ge its position4 ,! compact class is specially adapt$ = edg+s2 ! spread+ v>ieties answ] admirably 9 bord]s :]e a %>ply def9$ l9e ( col\r is n ess5tial2 ! gracilis /ra9 has a *>m+ effect 9 susp5d$ baskets1 w9d[-boxes1 & ru/ic "w2 & ! ramosa section gr[s f n9e to twelve in*es high1 produc+ l>ge fl[]s4 ,all ^! may be s[n n[ z annuals1 to produce plants = b$d+ out 9 ,may4 ,put ! se$ into s&y soil1 & />t ! pans 9 a g5tle heat4 ,mimulus1 if s[n n[ & treat$ z a gre5h\se annual1 w fl[] 9 ! fir/ ye>4 ,x is "o ( ! ?ir/ie/ plants gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry1 & mu/ h un/9t$ supplies ( wat]4 ,nicotiana4--,:]e sub-tropical g>d5+ is practis$ ! ,tobacco plant is indisp5sable4 ,to develop its f9e proportions !re mu/ be ! utmo/ lib]ality ( treatm5t f ! comm5cem5t4 ,ei!r 9 ?is mon? or e>ly 9 ,m>* s[ 9 ri* soil1 & place ! pans 9 a w>m h\se or pit4 ,put ! se$l+s e>ly into small pots1 & promote a rapid b /urdy gr[?1 until ! wea!r is w>m en\gh = !m 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,! ,nicotiana also makes an admirable pot plant = ! cons]vatory or gre5h\se1 :]e x is especially valu$ = its delightful fragrance4 ,pansy4--,al?\gh ! ,pansy w gr[ almo/ any:]e1 a moi/1 ri* soil1 p>tially %ad$ f summ] sun1 is necess>y to d ! plant full ju/ice4 ,_m di/9ct col\rs are sav$ sep>ately1 & ! quality ( ! se$l+s is s good t propagation by cutt+s is gradually decl9+4 ,s[ ?9ly 9 pots or pans1 & :5 ! "y plants h be5 prick$ (f1 put !m 9 a cool1 safe corn] until l>ge en\gh = b$d+ out4 ,! soil %\ld be pl5tifully dress$ ) decay$ c[-manure4 ,pel>gonium4--,9 rais+ se$l+ ,pel>goniums1 x is well to be> 9 m9d t wor?less se$ takes j z mu* "t & att5tion z does a fir/-class /ra94 ,! simple/ gre5h\se culture w suffice to br+ ! plants to p]fection4 ,a light s&y loam suits !m1 & ! pots ne$ n g beyond ! #dh-or at mo/ ! #cb-size4 ,fl[]+ w be def]r$ until re-pott+ ceases4 ,petunia4--,t[>ds ! end ( ! mon? ! se$l+s rais$ 9 ,janu>y = pot culture w be ready = transf]r+ to se$-pans4 ,x w also be "t to s[ = b$d+ plants1 al?\gh ! beg9n+ ( ,m>* is n too late4 ,phlox ,drummondii4--,! att5tion devot$ to ?is fl[] has made x "o ( ! mo/ v>i$ & brilliant half-h>dy annuals we possess4 ,! gr&iflora section includes num]\s spl5did b$d+ subjects :i* fl[] freely1 & cont9ue 9 bloom = a long p]iod4 ,^! & o!rs are also valuable z pot plants1 & ev5 9 ! gre5h\se or cons]vatory !y are conspicu\s = _! ri* col\rs4 ,all ! v>ieties may be s[n n[ 9 well-dra9$ pans or %all[ boxes4 ,press ! se$s into good soil ab\t an in* ap>t1 & z a rule ?is w save transplant+2 b if transplant+ becomes necess>y1 take out alt]nate plants & put into o!r pans1 or pot !m sep>ately4 ,! rema9d] w !n h room to gr[ until ! "t arrives = b$d+ out4 ,polyan?us4--,ei!r n[ or 9 ,m>* s[ 9 pans fill$ ) any fairly good pott+ soil1 & d n be impati5t ab\t ! g]m9ation ( ! se$4 ,_m s[+s ( good se$ h be5 ?r[n away because x 0 n kn[n t ! ,polyan?us p>takes ( ! sl[ & irregul> *>act]i/ics ( ?is class ( plants4 ,z ! se$l+s become ready1 lift !m c>efully & transplant into pans or boxes1 f :i* a little lat] !y may be mov$ to any seclud$ corn] ( ! bord]1 until 9 ,septemb] !y are put into fl[]+ qu>t]s4 ,:ile 9 ! se$-pans !y mu/ be kept moi/1 al?\gh excessive wat]+ is to be avoid$4 ,%\ld ! summ] prove dry1 !y w also ne$ wat] :5 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,primroses ( good col\rs are admirably adapt$ = indoor decoration1 & !re is no occasion to gr[ !m 9 pots = ! purpose4 ,lift ! requir$ numb] f ! res]ve bord] )\t expos+ ! roots2 pot !m1 & place 9 a cool frame until e/abli%$4 ,pl5ty ( space1 no m wat] ?an is absolutely ess5tial1 & progressive v5tilation1 comprise all ! ne$ful details ( cultivation4 ,se$ s[n 9 ?is mon? or 9 ,m>*1 9 pans or boxes1 w produce f9e plants = fl[]+ 9 ! succe$+ ye>4 ,primula4--,! elegant half-h>dy v>ieties ,p4 obconica gr&iflora & ,p4 malacoides may be s[n any "t f ,febru>y to ,july1 ! e>lie/ ( :i* w comm5ce fl[]+ 9 ! succe$+ autumn & w9t]4 ,! aim %\ld be to keep ! plants z h>dy z possible1 giv+ !m air :5ev] conditions are fav\rable4 ,ranunculus4--,al?\gh x is n usual to gr[ ?is fl[] f se$1 x is bo? easy & int]e/+ to d s4 ,s[ 9 boxes conta9+ f f\r to six in*es ( soil1 & z !re ne$ be no transplant+1 ea* se$ %\ld be put 9 sep>ately1 ab\t an in* & a half ap>t4 ,a cool gre5h\se or frame w supply ! requisite conditions = gr[+ ! se$l+s4 ,:5 ! foliage has di$ d[n1 sift out ! roots1 & /ore 9 dry peat or cocoa-nut fibre = ! w9t]4 ,to secure an imm$iate display ( ,ranunculuses x is necess>y to plant mature roots4 ,! soil 9 :i* !y especially ?rive is an adhesive loam or clay4 ,?is happ5s to be unfav\rable to _! safety 9 ! w9t]1 & !re=e x is wise to def] plant+ 9 su* soils until ?is mon?4 ,a v simple proc$ure w suffice to produce h&some1 ri*ly col\r$ fl[]s4 ,if possible1 *oose = ! b$ a heavy soil 9 an op5 situation1 & dress x lib]ally ) decay$ manure4 ,give ! l& a deep digg+1 & lay x up r\gh1 t x may be b5efit$ by fro/s4 ,9 ,janu>y & ,febru>y =k x lightly ov] sev]al times1 ) ! d\ble purpose ( mak+ x mell[ & ( enabl+ birds to cle> x ( v]m94 ,traps made ( holl[$ ,potatoes w also assi/ ! latt] object4 ,n lat] ?an ! ?ird week ( ,febru>y ! roots %\ld be plant$ 9 drills drawn six in*es ap>t & two in*es deep4 ,put !m at int]vals ( f\r in*es 9 ! r[s1 ) ! claws d[nw>ds1 & cov] ) f9e soil4 ,keep ! b$ free f we$s1 & give abundant supplies ( wat] 9 dry wea!r4 ,:5 ! foliage is dead1 lift ! roots & /ore = ! next season4 ,! ,turban ,ranunculus is less delicate ?an ! nam$ v>ieties1 & !re ne$ be less hesitation ab\t autumn plant+4 ,ric9us4--,! ,ca/or-oil ,plant is l>gely cultivat$ = its /rik+ ornam5tal foliage1 & "u g5]\s treatm5t x w atta9 f f\r to six feet 9 height4 ,x is a half-h>dy annual1 & %\ld be gr[n 9 ! same mann] z ,nicotiana4 ,salpiglossis m]its its increas+ popul>ity4 ,a s[+ at ! end ( ?is mon? or ! beg9n+ ( ,m>* w insure plants 9 condition = ! op5 gr\nd 9 ,may4 ,a mod]ate hot-b$ is requisite n[1 b 9 ,april ! se$ may be s[n on prep>$ bord]s = a summ] display ( ! ve9$ & p5cill$ fl[]s4 ,solanum4--,! v>ieties :i* are gr[n = w9t] decoration are mu* priz$ :5 lad5 ) _! bright-col\r$ b]ries4 ,s[ ! sev]al k9ds 9 heat1 & transf] ! se$l+s /raight to s+le pots fill$ ) v ri* soil4 ,/ock1 ,int]m$iate4--,to =m a succession to ! ,summ]-fl[]+1 or ,t5-week1 v>ieties 9 ,july & ,augu/1 se$ ( ! ,int]m$iate ,/ocks %\ld be s[n 9 g5tle heat dur+ ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,! treatm5t accord$ to ,t5-week ,/ocks1 describ$ on page #cgi1 w suit ! ,int]m$iate v>ieties also4 ,sweet ,peas h 9 rec5t ye>s become su* an important ornam5t to ! g>d5 & ! fl[]s are s highly priz$ = h\sehold use t no ef=t is sp>$ to insure a long-cont9u$ display4 ,) ?is object 9 view se$s are s[n 9 pots & ! se$l+s transplant$1 z soon z wea!r p]mits1 to ! gr\nd specially prep>$ 9 ! prec$+ autumn4 ,^? :o did n s[ 9 ,septemb] %\ld d s 9 ! latt] "p ( ,janu>y or dur+ ,febru>y4 ,a =c+ temp]ature is injuri\s1 & ! plants ?rive be/ :5 giv5 practically h>dy treatm5t4 ,vallota purpurea4--,?is h&some bulb\s plant is n q h>dy1 b 9 sev]al ( ! ,s\!rn c\nties x may be gr[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 ) only ! %elt] ( dry litt] or a mat4 ,9 pots ! bulbs %\ld n be all[$ to g dry ?r\gh ! w9t]2 & :5 gr[? comm5ces 9 spr+1 wat] mu/ be giv5 freely4 ,good loam suits ! ,vallota1 & x is desirable to avoid re-pott+ until ! fl[]+ p]iod has pass$3 :5 a transf] becomes necess>y1 di/urb ! roots z little z possible4 ,v]b5a1 if n s[n la/ mon?1 %\ld be got 9 promptly1 = x is important n to hurry ! gr[? ( ?is plant by excessive heat4 ,wig&ia is a half-h>dy p]5nial1 gr[n exclusively = its noble tropical foliage4 ,if />t$ n[1 x w atta9 a l>ge size z an annual4 ,x is impossible to gr[ ?is plant too well4 ,a lavi% employm5t ( manure & wat] w secure /ately specim5s4 ,! in/ructions giv5 = ,ric9us apply equally to ! ,wig&ia4 ,,m>* ,! fir/ duty is to asc]ta9 t !re are no arre>s to make good or failures-to replace4 ,if any s[+ has gone wrong1 d n wa/e "t by rep9+ ov] x1 b s[ aga94 ,gr[+ fl[]s "u artificial conditions is a prolong$ /ruggle ) ,nature1 9 :i* ! mo/ exp]i5c$ & skilful g>d5] ne$ n be a%am$ ( an occasional failure4 ,b ! cause ( ! failure %\ld1 if possible1 be asc]ta9$ = future guidance4 ,we say if possible1 because ! secret _c always be discov]$4 ,!re may h be5 e app>5t condition ( success1 & yet1 = "s inexplicable reason1 !re has be5 disappo9tm5t4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! cause w be f\nd by ! man :o is det]m9$ to make e failure ! /epp+-/one to future success4 ,! l5g!n+ days & ! gr[+ p[] ( ! sun dem& increas$ vigilance & activity4 ,dang] ( fro/ rema9s1 &1 worse /ill1 !re may come ! )]+ influ5ce ( ! nor?-ea/ w9d1 :i* scor*es delicate se$l+s z ) a brea? ( fire4 ,annuals1 ,h>dy1 may be s[n 9 ! op5 f ,febru>y to ,may4 ,p]haps a li/ ( ! pr9cipal fl[]s compris$ "u ?is d5om9ation may aid ! memory4 ,sev]al ( ! foll[+ are n /rictly h>dy1 b = practical ends !y may be s reg>d$4 ,abronia ,acrocl9ium 99,alyssum 99,asp]ula ,b>tonia 99,cacalia ,cal&r9ia ,cal5dula ,c&ytuft ,c5tran?us ,*rysan!mum1 annual ,cl>kia ,coll9sia ,collomia ,convolvulus m9or ,coreopsis ,cornfl[] ,dimorpho!ca ,erysimum ,es*s*oltzia ,eutoca ,gilia ,godetia 99,gypsophila ,hawkwe$ ,heli*rysum ,hibiscus ,jacobea ,kaulfussia 99,l>kspur 99,lavat]a ,layia 99,leptosiphon ,leptosyne ,limnan!s ,l9>ia ,l9um ,love-lies-ble$+ 99,lup9us ,malope ,m>igold 99,ma?iola 99,mignonette ,na/urtium ,nemophila ,nigella ,phacelia ,platy/emon 99,poppy ,pr9ce's ,fea!r ,rudbeckia ,salpiglossis ,sanvitalia ,sapon>ia ,sil5e ,sunfl[] ,swan ,riv] ,daisy ,sweet ,pea ,sweet ,sultan ,v5us' ,look+-glass ,v5us' ,navel-wort 99,virg9ian ,/ock ,visc>ia ,:itlavia ,x]an!mum ,h>dy annuals are wor? bett] treatm5t ?an !y sometimes receive4 ,!y may be s[n at once :]e !y are int5d$ to bloom1 & = ! v>ieties prec$$ by an a/]isk ?is me?od is a necessity1 because !y d n well be> transplant+4 ,9 e case s[ ?9ly1 & aft]w>ds ?9 boldly1 = _m ( ! fl[]s nam$ w occupy a diamet] ( "o or ev5 two feet if ! soil is 9 a condition to d !m ju/ice4 ,give ! gr\nd a deep digg+ & incorporate pl5ty ( manure1 except :]e ,na/urtium is to be s[n4 ,a r poor soil is necess>y = ?is annual1 or ! fl[]s w be hidd5 by excessive foliage4 ,abutilon4--,!re is yet "t to raise plants = bloom+ 9 ! curr5t ye>4 ,! se$l+s mu/ be pott$ on regul>ly to r5d] !m robu/ & free-fl[]+4 ,a/]4--,only ^? :o are closely acqua9t$ ) ! mod]n developm5t ( ?is h&some fl[] c h any conception ( its v>i$ =ms & col\rs4 ,!re are dw>f1 m$ium1 & tall v>ieties 9 almo/ endless div]sity1 & ne>ly all ( !m w be a cr$it to any g>d5 if well gr[n4 ,too (t51 h[ev]1 fl[]s are se5 :i* are a m]e c>icature ( :at ,a/]s may become 9 ! h&s ( m5 :o und]/& _! requirem5ts4 ,to gr[ !m to p]fection ! gr\nd %\ld be tr5*$ 9 ! previ\s autumn1 :]e ! soil is deep en\gh to ju/ify ! op]ation4 ,if n1 ! digg+ mu/ be deep1 & pl5ty ( decay$ manure %\ld be work$ 94 ,leave ! gr\nd r\ghly expos$ to ! dis9tegrat+ effects ( w9t] fro/s2 & 9 spr+ x %\ld be lightly =k$ ov] once or twice to produce a friable condition1 9 :i* ! roots w ramify freely & g d[n to ! buri$ manure = /imulat+ food4 ,if by su* means /iff l& c be made mell[1 x w gr[ ,a/]s ( magnific5t size & col\r4 ,9 s[+ x is n wise to rely on a s+le ef=t4 ,we advise at lea/ two s[+s2 & ?ree are bett]1 ev5 if only a few plants are want$4 ,?is dim9i%es ! risk ( failure & prolongs ! fl[]+ season4 ,prep>e a compo/ ( leaf-m\ld & loam1 mix$ ) %>p s& to insure dra9age4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! mon? s[ 9 pots or 9 se$-pans on an ev5 surface2 & we lay /ress on a ?9 s[+1 to avoid ! dang] ( ! se$l+s damp+ (f4 ,b>ely cov] ! se$ ) f9ely sift$ soil1 & place %eets ( glass on ! pans or pots to *eck rapid evaporation4 ,if wat] mu/ be giv51 imm]se ! pots = a suffici5t "t1 in/ead ( us+ ! wat]-c4 ,a cool gre5h\se1 v9]y1 or a half-sp5t hotb$ is a good position = ! pans1 & a range ( temp]ature f #ee to #fe %\ld be reg>d$ z ! outside limits ( v>iation4 ,auricula4--,se$ may /ill be s[n2 inde$1 ,april w n be too late4 ,p>tially subm]g+ ! pans :5 wat] is ne$$ saves _m se$s f be+ wa%$ out & wa/$4 ,balsam4--- ,al?\gh ?is fl[] comes f a tropical climate1 x is n v t5d]2 a g5tle hot-b$ is q suffici5t to br+ up ! se$4 ,two or ?ree s[+s are advisable to secure a succession ( bloom1 & = ! fir/ ( !m ! middle ( ?is mon? is ! prop] "t4 ,x is important t ! soil = ?is plant %\ld be light1 ri*1 & v sweet4 ,:5 ! se$l+s %[ _! fir/ r\gh leaves1 lose no "t 9 prick+ !m (f1 & !y %\ld aft]w>ds be pott$ e>ly en\gh to promote a dw>f habit4 ,calceol>ia4--- ,plants f la/ ye>'s s[+ w beg9 to move1 & %\ld be %ift$ into _! f9al pots be=e ! buds %[4 ,! eight-in* size ought to conta9 v f9e specim5s4 ,! compo/ = !m %\ld be prep>$ ) c>e sev]al days be=e use4 ,put ! plants 9 firmly1 & place !m 9 a light airy gre5h\se4 ,z soon z ! pots are fill$ ) roots an occasional dose ( manure wat] w be b5eficial until ! fl[]s beg9 to %[ col\r1 :5 pure s(t wat] alone w be requir$4 ,tie out ! plants "s "t be=e ! buds atta9 full size4 ,cl]od5dron fallax4--,a *>m+ /ove plant1 produc+ l>ge heads ( bright sc>let fl[]s suitable = gre5h\se decoration4 ,f se$ s[n 9 ,m>* or ,april !re %\ld be a %[ ( bloom 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb] foll[+4 ,coleus is /rictly a /ove p]5nial4 ,b our %ort w9t] days d n ma9ta9 a ri* col\r1 & x w 9 almo/ e in/ance give m satisfaction if treat$ z an annual1 enjoy+ ! beautiful & v>i$ foliage dur+ summ] & autumn1 & consign+ ! plants to ! wa/e-heap z w9try days draw ne>4 ,we d n advise ! s[+ ( se$ e>li] ?an ,m>*1 because a consid]able am\nt ( daylight is necess>y to ! developm5t ( ri* t9ts & div]sifi$ m>k+s 9 ! foliage4 ,! ess5tials = rais+ plants f se$ are good dra9age1 a temp]ature :i* does n fall bel[ #fe1 ! c>eful employm5t ( wat]1 & ! e>ly transf] ( ! se$l+s4 ,! gre5 plants may be ?r[n away imm$iately !y reveal _! "*1 b ^? :i* %[ delicate t9ts 9 ! small leaves w abundantly comp5sate = all ! c>e be/[$ ^u !m4 ,dian?us4--,put ! se$l+s into s+le pots1 & h>d5 9 read9ess = transplant+ to ! op5 9 ,may or ,june4 ,dimorpho!ca4--,?is valuable half-h>dy annual1 a native ( ,s\? ,africa1 kn[n also z ! ,/> ( ! ,veldt1 may be fl[]$ )9 six weeks f "t ( s[+4 ,plants may be rais$ by />t+ se$ ?is mon? or 9 ,april1 9 pans ( light soil giv5 ! protection ( a frame4 ,transplant 9 ,may1 9 well-dra9$ soil1 *oos+ a w>m sunny spot4 ,9 ! op51 se$ may safely be s[n 9 ,may or ,june4 ,plants pott$ on f ! e>ly s[+ w make a mo/ attractive %[ 9 ! cons]vatory1 or se$ may be s[n 9 pots & ! se$l+s ?9n$ to ?ree or f\r 9 ea*4 ,gaill>dia4--,to secure a supply ( plants = ! op5 gr\nd 9 ,may1 se$ ( all ! v>ieties may be s[n dur+ ?is mon?4 ,prick (f e>ly & keep !m dw>f4 ,geum4--,f se$ s[n ?is mon? or 9 ,april1 ! popul> d\ble v>iety1 ,mrs4 ,brad%aw1 may be br\ght into fl[] 9 ! fir/ ye>4 ,! se$l+s %\ld be prick$ (f into boxes & gradually h>d5$ = putt+ out 9 ,may or ,june4 ,gladiolus4--,?is is "o ( ! mo/ /ately & beautiful fl[]s gr[n 9 our g>d5s4 ,"s ( ! v>ieties are /rik+ly brilliant2 o!rs are exce$+ly delicate 9 t9t & ref9$ 9 _! m>k+s4 ,! culture may be ( ! mo/ primitive k9d1 or x may become "o ( ! f9e arts ( horticulture4 ,simply put into ! gr\nd & left to fight _! own battle1 ! corms sometimes produce spl5did spikes ( fl[]1 al?\gh n s impos+ z bett] culture might h made !m4 ,"u skilful c>e ! fl[]s are magnific5t 9 size & col\r4 ,! ma9 "w ( prep>+ ! gr\nd %\ld be done 9 autumn4 ,n[ x is only necess>y to give ! soil two or ?ree light =k+s1 & ^? n deep en\gh to br+ ! buri$ manure to ! surface4 ,?is frequ5t /irr+ is b5eficial 9 itself1 & x promotes ! de/ruction ( ! foes :i* prey ^u ,gladiolus roots4 ,small ,potatoes1 r\ghly holl[$ out1 or pieces ( ,c>rot1 may be us$ z traps = wireworm & o!r v]m94 ,plant+ is sometimes done at ! end ( ?is mon?1 b z a rule x is bett] to wait until ! beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,glox9ia4--,!re is yet "t to secure a brilliant summ] display f se$4 ,bulbs :i* h be5 /or$ ?r\gh ! w9t] ne$ att5tion4 ,:]e ^! fl[]s are want$ e>ly1 & !re is pl5ty ( room1 a comm5cem5t w probably be made 9 ,febru>y2 b 9 ! great] numb] ( g>d5s ,m>* is soon en\gh4 ,assum+ ! bulbs to be s\nd1 !y %\ld be pott$ 9 a mixture ( loam1 peat1 & s&4 ,^? :i* />t fir/ mu/ be re-pott$ = a =w>d supply4 ,:ile gr[+1 manure wat] twice a week w help to produce f9e fl[]s1 int5se 9 col\r2 b :5 ! fl[]s op51 ! liquid manure mu/ be ab&on$1 & pure s(t wat] be giv5 z (t5 z necess>y1 = ,glox9ias _c endure dr\ght4 ,%ad+ is an important matt] f ! comm5cem5t1 & p>ticul>ly dur+ ! fl[]+ p]iod4 ,hollyhock se$l+s w be ready = putt+ into ?umb pots4 ,directly !y are e/abli%$1 beg9 to prep>e !m = plant+ out 9 ,may4 ,impati5s4--,"s gr[]s f9d a little difficulty 9 rais+ ?is elegant fl[] f se$4 ,probably x arises f s[+ too e>ly4 ,:]e !re is a comm& ( suffici5t heat no tr\ble %\ld be exp]i5c$ 9 ,m>*1 & x is ess5tial to s[ v ?9ly = two reasons4 ,cr[d$ se$l+s are liable to damp (f1 p>ticul>ly 9 dull1 moi/ wea!r1 & !y are s fragile t x is well-nigh impossible to transf] !m f ! se$-pots until !y are ab\t an in* high4 ,lavat]a4--,z ! ,mall[s d n transplant well x is desirable to s[ 9 ! fl[]+ positions4 ,good gr\nd is necess>y to insure f9e specim5s1 & ample space mu/ be all[$ = ! plants to develop4 ,! se$ may be s[n f ,m>* to ,may4 ,lobelia4--,! p]5nial v>ieties make spl5did bord] plants1 & are easily gr[n f se$4 ,s[ dur+ ,febru>y or ,m>*1 9 mod]ate heat1 & 9 due "t transf] to a deep ri* loam4 ,_! d>k metallic foliage & brilliant fl[]s are mo/ conspicu\s1 & admirably fit !m = ! back r[ ( a ribbon bord]1 or = gr\ps 9 ! mix$ bord]4 ,lup9us4--,se$ ( ! annual v>ieties may be put 9 f ,m>* to ,may1 & x is necess>y to s[ :]e requir$ = fl[]+1 z transplant+ is n satisfactory4 ,! p]5nial ,lup9es may also be fl[]$ z annuals by s[+ se$ 9 ,m>* or ,april4 ,m>igold4--,bo? ! ,african & ,fr5* v>ieties are ( importance late 9 ! season1 = !y cont9ue to bloom until cut d[n by fro/4 ,! =m] rea*es ! height ( f eighte5 to ?irty in*es1 & ! col\r is limit$ to yell[ 9 sev]al %ades1 f pale lemon to deep orange4 ,! latt] is m v>i$ 9 habit z well z 9 col\r1 & ! ,m9iatures make excell5t b$d+ plants4 ,9 hot dry seasons ,m>igolds entirely eclipse ,calceol>ias1 because !y c well endure dr\ght & a %ort supply ( food2 :]eas ! ,%rubby ,calceol>ia does n ?rive "u su* conditions4 ,all ! v>ieties ( ,tagetes may be s[n n[ on a mod]ate heat1 & !y %\ld be prick$ (f into pans or boxes 9 read9ess = transf]r+ to ! op5 gr\nd 9 ,may4 ,m>vel ( ,p]u4--,! treatm5t prescrib$ = ,balsam w suit ?is plant4 ,9 ! fir/ ye> x w gr[ to a consid]able size1 b w n1 z a rule1 atta9 to its full dim5sions until ! second season4 ,x is a half-h>dy p]5nial1 & :5 sav$ ?r\gh ! w9t] w ne$ protection f fro/4 ,mignonette f9ds a welcome 9 e ,engli% g>d52 & to add to its attractiv5ess !re are n[ yell[1 r$1 & :ite v>ieties1 9 addition to su* =ms z dw>f1 pyramidal1 & spiral4 ,mignonette c be gr[n )\t ! lea/ difficulty2 inde$1 x w reproduce itself f se$ %$ 9 ! previ\s ye>4 ,nev]!less1 x is true t 9 ! majority ( g>d5s ju/ice is seldom done to ?is fl[]1 = ! simple reason t !re is n suffici5t fai? 9 its capabilities4 ,ea* plant w cov] a space ( at lea/ "o foot1 & we h se5 specim5s a y>d across1 bri/l+ ) fl[]-spikes :i* are delightfully fragrant4 ,! soil = x %\ld be made firm1 j z an ,onion b$ is treat$4 ,except = ?is "o po9t1 ! culture ( a h>dy annual is all t is necess>y4 ,mignonette does n transplant successfully1 b o!rwise x is v accommodat+4 ,! se$l+s are frequ5tly tak5 (f by fly z fa/ z !y appe> above gr\nd4 ,soot & wood-a%es appli$ 9 good "t are ! be/ prev5tives2 b a second s[+ may be necess>y1 & x %\ld be made imm$iately ! loss is discov]$4 ,nemesia4--,= ! e>lie/ display ( ?is beautiful annual ! fir/ s[+ %\ld be made 9 pots "u glass dur+ ?is mon?4 ,9 ! op5 bord] se$ may be s[n 9 bo? ,may & ,june4 ,occasionally a little difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 rais+ plants "u artificial conditions1 b ^? :o s[ 9 b$s or bord]s f ! same packet ( se$ dur+ ! mon?s nam$1 w f9d t ! culture is q easy4 ,p5t/emon4--,! treatm5t recomm5d$ = ! p]5nial section ( ,lobelias w exactly suit ?is fl[]4 ,phlox ,drummondii4--,!re is /ill "t to s[4 ,e/abli%$ se$l+s %\ld be gradually h>d5$ by free access ( air1 until !y are ready = ! op5 gr\nd4 ,phlox1 ,p]5nial1 may be rais$ f se$ s[n 9 %all[ boxes 9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is mon?1 & plac$ 9 mod]ate heat4 ,transplant ! se$l+s :5 ready1 gradually h>d51 & plant out 9 ri* soil "o foot ap>t1 or put !m into vacant places 9 ! %rubb]y4 ,aid ) wat] if necess>y4 ,poppy4--,! annual v>ieties d n well be> transplant+1 especially f light soils1 & !re=e1 z a rule1 x is advisable to s[ :]e ! plants are int5d$ to bloom4 ,!y make conspicu\s l9es & clumps among %rubs2 & ?is is especially ! case ) ! huge fl[]s ( ! d\ble class4 ,s[ 9 ,m>* & ,april1 & comm5ce ?9n+ ! se$l+s :ile !y are small4 ,!y %\ld ultimately be left ab\t "o foot ap>t4 ,! p]5nial ,poppies may also be fl[]$ z annuals if s[n 9 ?is mon? & transf]r$ to op5 qu>t]s :5 l>ge en\gh4 ,s*izan?us4--,elegant half-h>dy annuals1 :i* c be gr[n z specim5s = ! cons]vatory1 or 9 quantity = op5 bord]s4 ,s[ 9 g5tle heat1 & pot on ! se$l+s4 ,solanum4--,= a succession ( ! v>ieties :i* are gr[n = _! b]ries1 s[ aga9 9 heat1 & make a s[+ ( ! ornam5tal-foliag$ k9ds = sub-tropical g>d5+4 ,! latt] are r m t5d]1 & ne$ a some:at high] temp]ature ?an ! =m]4 ,!y mu/ all h lib]al culture to br+ out _! f9e qualities4 ,/atice4--,! h>dy annual v>ieties ( ,sea ,lav5d] may be s[n dur+ ,m>* or ,april1 & ! be/ results are obta9$ by />t+ ! se$ 9 pans & plant+ out :5 ! se$l+s are f> en\gh advanc$ 9 size4 ,se$ ( ! h>dy p]5nial k9ds %\ld be s[n f ,april to ,july on light soil1 & transplant$ lat] on to fl[]+ qu>t]s4 ,/ock1 ,t5-week4--,! increas+ fav\r %[n = ,annual ,/ocks is 9 "p no d\bt attributable to ! gr[+ appreciation manife/$ = all k9ds ( fl[]s4 ,b x is traceable 9 a /ill great] measure to ! augm5t$ purity1 brilliance1 & v>iety 9 col\r ( mod]n ,t5-week ,/ocks1 z well z to ! enhanc$ reliability ( se$ 9 produc+ d\ble fl[]s4 ,we ne$ say no?+ ( its p]fume1 = ?is is a quality :i* ! mo/ unobs]vant c sc>cely fail to notice4 ,al?\gh ! ,t5-week ,/ock is half-h>dy1 x mu/ n receive ! treatm5t ( a t5d] annual2 inde$1 "o ( ! mo/ important po9ts 9 gr[+ x is to avoid any excess ( artificial heat4 ,a little assi/ance at ! comm5cem5t x mu/ h2 b ! aim %\ld be to imp>t a h>dy con/itution f ! mom5t ! se$l+s appe>4 ,we are n advocat+ reckless exposure to *ill bla/s1 b ! necessity ( giv+ air freely :5ev] !re may be a fair opportunity4 ,! be/ ( se$-b$s c be made 9 pans or %all[ boxes fill$ ) sweet1 s&y soil4 ,9 ^! s[ ?9ly1 s t ! "y plants may h abundant room4 ,ev5 a little app>5t wa/efulness ( space w be repaid by /\t & vigor\s gr[?4 ,f ! middle to ! end ( ! mon? is a suitable "t = s[+4 ,sweet ,pea4--,?is fl[] is s mu* 9 dem& = decorative purposes t a prolong$ display %\ld be secur$ by successive s[+s1 comm5c+ 9 ?is mon? & cont9u+ until ,may1 or ev5 to ,june1 :]e ! soil & circum/ances are specially fav\rable4 ,! value ( gr\ps ( ,sweet ,peas 9 bord]s & = enliv5+ %rubb]ies is n[ ?or\ghly appreciat$1 & x is n uncommon to see f9e clumps among dw>f fruit trees4 ,tigridia1 or ,f]r>ia4--,f9] fl[]s are g5]ally obta9$ f ! op5 bord] ?an f pots1 & ! bulbs %\ld be plant$ out ?ree or f\r in*es deep 9 ,m>* or ,april4 ,s&y loam & peat suit !m admirably4 ,on a dry bord] ^! bulbs w pass ! w9t] safely1 b 9 wet l& x w be p]il\s to leave !m out4 ,v]b5a4--,x is possible to raise ,v]b5as 9 ! op5 f se$ s[n 9 drills on light soil1 b ! attempt is a little haz>d\s4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no dang] at all 9 s[+ 9 pans plac$ 9 a cool frame4 ,! plants %\ld be pott$ imm$iately !y are l>ge en\gh to h&le4 ,! fl[]+ f ?is s[+ w be r late1 b n too late = a good %[ ( bloom4 ,z9nia4--,! d\ble v>ieties are n[ gr[n almo/ to ! exclusion ( s+le fl[]s1 & ! =m] are s incomp>ably sup]ior1 t !y are judg$ by ! sev]e rules ( ! flori/4 ,) ?is plant x is useless to />t too e>ly4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! mon? a comm5cem5t w be made by exp]i5c$ gr[]s1 b ! comp>ative novice w be wise to wait until ! beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,s[ 9 pots fill$ ) a compo/ ( leaf-m\ld1 loam1 & s&1 & be q sure !re is effectual dra9age4 ,plunge ! pots 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #fj4 ,,april ,_m half-h>dy fl[]s1 su* z ,acrocl9ium1 ,convolvulus major1 ,l9um rubrum1 ,nemesia1 ,salpiglossis1 ,s*izan?us1 & o!rs1 :i* at an e>li] p]iod c only be s[n ) safety "u protection1 may n[ be consign$ to ! op5 gr\nd )\t ! lea/ misgiv+4 ,a k ( ?is fact is ( imm5se value to own]s ( g>d5s t are de/itute ( glass1 = x enables !m to gr[ a l>ge numb] ( fl[]s :i* w\ld o!rwise be impracticable4 ,( c\rse1 ! fl[]+ w be a little lat] ?an f plants rais$ e>li] 9 heat4 ,annuals1 ,h>dy1 :i* 7 n s[n 9 ,m>* %\ld be got 9 dur+ ?is mon? & 9 ,may4 ,a l>ge numb] ( beautiful subjects are available = ! purpose1 ! mo/ popul> ( :i* are nam$ on page #cgc4 ,a/]4--,:5 ! se$l+s atta9 ! ?ird leaf1 !y %\ld be prick$ (f r\nd ! edges ( #fj-siz$ pots2 lat] on put !m s+ly into small pots1 f :i* ! transf] to ! op5 gr\nd w n cause a p]ceptible *eck4 ,z ! plants d n ?rive 9 a close atmosph]e1 x is important to give air freely on e suitable occasion1 or !y _c be ma9ta9$ 9 a heal?y gr[+ condition4 ,a second s[+ %\ld be made ab\t ! middle ( ! mon?1 foll[+ ! r\t9e already advis$4 ,a s[+ 9 drills on a c>efully prep>$ b$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd is also desirable1 & 9 "s seasons x may produce ! mo/ valuable plants ( ! ye>4 ,a/]s come s true f se$ t ! b$ may be arrang$ 9 any desir$ patt]n4 ,?9 ! plants e>ly1 & cont9ue ! process until !y are f> en\gh ap>t = fl[]+4 ,a di/ance ( eight in*es is suffici5t = ! m9iatures1 t5 in*es = ! dw>fs1 & twelve or fifte5 in*es = ! tall v>ieties4 ,balsam4--,ab\t ! middle ( ?is mon? w be ! "t = a second s[+1 & ! se$ may be rais$ 9 a frame )\t artificial heat4 ,cant]bury ,bell4--,s[ 9 good soil f ,april to ,july & transplant :5 ready4 ,"u g5]\s treatm5t ^! h>dy bi5nials make a beautiful display 9 bord]s & ! pure col\rs %[ ) /rik+ effect aga9/ ! d>k foliage ( %rubs4 ,c>nation4--,any "t f n[ until ,augu/ w be suitable = s[+1 & if ! se$ has be5 sav$ f a fir/-class /ra91 a good proportion ( v f9e fl[]s w be produc$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,= ^! plants flori/s h always consid]$ x important t ! pott+ soil %\ld be prep>$ mon?s be=e use1 & !re are good reasons = ! practice4 ,if ?is is impossible1 see t ! compo/ is sweet1 friable1 &1 above all1 free f t t]rible sc\rge ( ,c>nations1 ! wireworm4 ,ev5 sift+ w n rid ! soil ( its pres5ce ) c]ta9ty1 b by spread+ ?9 lay]s ( ! m\ld ev5ly ^u a h>d1 level floor1 & pass+ a heavy roll] ov] x ea/ & we/1 !n nor? & s\?1 ! wireworm w be dispos$ (4 ,or dress+ ! soil ) ,vaporite two or ?ree weeks 9 advance ( pott+ w (t5 prove effectual4 ,turfy loam ?ree p>ts1 leaf-m\ld "o "p1 decay$ c[-manure "o "p1 ) an addition ( %>p s&1 make a fir/-class compo/4 ,s[ 9 well-dra9$ #dh-siz$ pots1 cov] ! se$ v lightly1 & place 9 a frame4 ,transplant ! se$l+s imm$iately !y c be h&l$1 :5 a cool1 %ad$ pit w keep !m 9 h>d condition4 ,aft] six or eight leaves are =m$ x w be "t to plant !m out4 ,9 ! foll[+ spr+ ! usual r\t9e ( /ak+ & ty+ mu/ be foll[$4 ,*rysan!mum leucan!mum 7,m>gu]ite1 or ,ox-eye ,daisy74--,se$ ( ^! well-kn[n p]5nial v>ieties may be s[n any "t f ,april to ,july4 ,!re are sev]al greatly improv$ =ms ( ?is popul> fl[] :i* may n[ be _h 9 bloom f ,may until e>ly autumn4 ,/>t ! se$l+s on a b$ ( light soil1 & :5 l>ge en\gh transplant !m to positions = fl[]+ 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,cyclam54--,! bulbs :i* h be5 fl[]+ 9 pots ?r\gh ! w9t] are n[ approa*+ _! p]iod ( re/1 & !y mu/ n be neglect$ if !y are to make a satisfactory display next season4 ,wat] %\ld be gradually dim9i%$ until ! foliage dies (f1 & !n ! corms w require %ade1 or !y w crack4 ,dry treatm5t g5]ally results 9 an attack ( ?rips1 & ea* root mu/ be pa9t$ ) "s good insecticide to de/roy ! pe/4 ,cyclam5 %\ld nev] be all[$ to become actually du/-dry2 b if ! pots c be plung$ 9 a %ad$ moi/ pit1 wat]+ w r>ely be necess>y4 ,9 ,june ! pots may be buri$ to ! rim 9 a %ady spot until ,augu/1 :5 x w be "t to re-pot & />t ! bulbs into gr[?4 ,! *ief enemies ( ,cyclam5 are aphis & ?rips4 ,fumigation w settle ! =m]2 = ! latt]1 dip ! plants 9 a solution ( tobacco-wat] & s(t soap4 ,dahlia1 se$l+s mu/ h pl5ty ( wat]1 & be kept free f aphis :ile 9 pots4 ,in/ead ( tak+ out ! lead+ %oot1 z is (t5 done1 give x ! support ( a neat /ick4 ,! plants %\ld also be pott$ on z gr[? dem&s1 ! important po9t be+ to ma9ta9 /eady progress )\t a *eck until !y c be plant$ out4 ,at ! same "t !y mu/ be h>d5$ 9 read9ess = removal to ! op5 gr\nd2 & if ! "w is c>ri$ on ) judgm5t1 ! plants w be dw>f1 & possess a robu/ con/itution capable ( produc+ a brilliant display ( fl[]s until fro/ appe>s4 ,gladiolus4--,assum+ t ! b$s h be5 prop]ly prep>$1 we h n[ only to consid] ! "q ( plant+1 & no bett] "t c be *os5 ?an ! beg9n+ ( ,april4 ,"s em95t gr[]s are at ! tr\ble ( tak+ out ! soil ) a tr[el = ea* bulb4 ,9 ! op5+1 a b$ ( s& & wood-a%es or p[d]$ *>coal is made1 on :i* ! root is plac$4 ,o!rs lay !m 9 deep drills1 p>tly fill$ ) a simil> light mixture4 ,:i*ev] me?od is adopt$1 ! cr[n ( ! corm %\ld be left ab\t f\r in*es b5ea? ! surface4 ,! di/ance betwe5 !m may v>y f twelve to eighte5 in*es1 & ! great] space is a di/9ct advantage :5 att5d+ to ! plants subsequ5tly4 ,! same rules apply to ! plant+ ( clumps4 ,ko*ia tri*ophylla4--,s[ se$ :]e ! plants are to /&1 or 9 a prep>$ b$ f :i* !y c be transf]r$ to make clumps1 l9es1 or s+le specim5s :]e ! attractive foliage w be mo/ effective4 ,lobelia4--,e>ly 9 ! mon? transf] ! se$l+s to pans or boxes1 b ! latt] are pref]able4 ,n a s+le fl[] %\ld be all[$ to %[ until ! plants are e/abli%$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,al?\gh ,lobelias are v attractive 9 pots1 !y _c be satisfactorily gr[n 9 !m1 ) ! exception ( ! ramosa v>ieties4 ,b ! object is easily atta9$ by pott+ plants f a res]ve b$ aft] !y h develop$ into good tufts4 ,f a /iff soil !y c be lift$ & pott$ ) facility2 & a light soil w cause no difficulty if ! b$ be soak$ a %ort "t 9 advance4 ,aft] pott+1 ! plants w give no tr\ble1 except to supply !m ) wat]4 ,m>igolds c be rais$ 9 a cold frame1 & t[>ds ! end ( ! mon? !re w be no risk 9 s[+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,! plants ?rive 9 a sunny position1 ev5 9 scor*+ seasons4 ,m>vel ( ,p]u4--,if n s[n la/ mon?1 !re is no "t to lose2 & ) a little c>e se$ c n[ be g]m9at$ )\t artificial heat4 ,:5 ! plants come to be transf]r$ to ! op51 put !m1 if possible1 9 s&y loam1 expos$ to full sun%9e4 ,mignonette4--,successional s[+s may be made up to ! end ( ,june4 ,give ea* plant pl5ty ( room4 ,by remov+ ! se$-pods z fa/ z !y are =m$ fl[]+ is greatly prolong$4 ,na/urtium4--,bo? dw>f & tall v>ieties are usually treat$ z h>dy annuals1 ) ! exception ( ! date ( s[+4 ,none ( ! ,na/urtiums are q h>dy1 & if s[n 9 ,m>* ! plants are liable to de/ruction by late fro/s4 ,x is !re=e usual to s[ 9 ,april or ,may1 accord+ to ! di/rict1 & ! gr[? is s rapid t ! plants are full ( bloom be=e ! summ] has f> advanc$4 ,s[ on poor soil always4 ,! ,tropolum can>i5se 7,can>y ,creep]7 may be rais$ 9 pans f a ,m>* s[+ = plant+ out 9 ,may1 or se$ c be s[n 9 ! op5 dur+ ,april4 ,petunia4--- ,plants f ! fir/ s[+ w be ready = small pots1 & !y mu/ be kept go+ until ! #dh-or #cb-size is rea*$4 ,all ,petunias rebel if root-b\nd1 & ! d\ble v>ieties are especially impati5t 9 ?is respect4 ,aft] ea* transf] give !m a %elt]$1 %ady position & att5tion ) wat] until !y />t aga94 ,good dra9age & c>eful v5tilation are ess5tial1 or ! foliage w lose col\r4 ,se$l+s int5d$ = b$s may be transf]r$ direct f ! se$-pans into #fj-siz$ pots4 ,picotee & ,p9k4--,see ! culture prescrib$ = ,c>nation4 ,ric9us4--,at q ! end ( ! mon? or ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 se$ put into ! op5 gr\nd w produce spl5did specim5s if treat$ ) a lavi% h&4 ,take out ! soil = a dep? ( eighte5 in*es or two feet1 & fill ! space to )9 ?ree in*es ( ! surface ) a mixture ( ri* soil & well-decay$ manure4 ,^u ea* b$ ?us made place ?ree ,ric9us beans 9 a triangle1 & :5 !y are up1 ?9 to "o plant at ea* /ation1 & ?is1 ( c\rse1 ! /ronge/4 ,?is mode ( gr[+ ,ric9us w a/oni% ^? :o h be5 accu/om$ to all[ ! plant to /ruggle ?r\gh exi/5ce 9 ! ord9>y soil ( a g>d5 bord]4 ,pl5tiful supplies ( wat] mu/ be giv5 9 dry wea!r1 & /akes w be necess>y to save ! specim5s f injury by w9d4 ,x is too e>ly = putt+ out ^? rais$ 9 heat4 ,/ock1 ,t5-week4--,:]e ! requisite quantity ( se$ has n be5 s[n1 x mu/ be done promptly4 ,if !re happ5s to be a cold frame on a sp5t hot-b$ to sp>e1 x w exactly suit ! se$l+s :5 !y are ready = transf]r+4 ,make ! surface fre% by add+ a little ri* soil1 & put ! plants 9 r[s ?ree or f\r in*es ap>t1 all[+ ?ree in*es betwe5 !m 9 ! r[s4 ,9 se$-pans1 h[ev]1 space _c be af=d$ 9 ?is lib]al fa%ion1 b !y w make a full return = r m ?an ! usual spac+4 ,to ma9ta9 a dw>f habit1 x is imp]ative t ! plants %\ld be kept ne> ! glass4 ,:]e !re are no facilities = gr[+ ,/ocks 9 ! mann] describ$ se$ may be s[n at ! end ( ! mon? 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & ) a little c>e !re w be a h&some %[ ( bloom4 ,! se$l+s are subject to ! attacks ( turnip fly1 :i* is a t]rible foe to !m 9 ! se$-leaf /age2 9 fact1 ! plants are sometimes up & gone be=e dang] is suspect$4 ,a light spr9kl+ ( wat]1 foll[$ imm$iately by a du/+ ( wood-a%es1 j z !y are com+ ?r\gh1 w save !m1 b x may be necess>y to repeat ! op]ation two or ?ree times until !y are out ( p]il4 ,a ri* & friable se$-b$ is "o rem$y = ! fly1 = x promotes rapid gr[?1 :i* spe$ily places ! plant beyond ! p[] ( its insect adv]s>y4 ,b if op5-gr\nd culture exposes ,/ocks to "o haz>d1 x saves !m f ano!r1 z mildew does n attack !m unless !y h be5 transplant$4 ,/ocks come s true f se$ t x is easy to arrange a design 9 any desir$ col\rs4 ,s[ 9 drills f n9e to fifte5 in*es ap>t1 accord+ to ! height ( ! v>iety1 & cov] ! se$ v lightly ) f9e soil4 ,! b$ mu/ be protect$ f birds1 & a dress+ ( soot w keep (f slugs4 ,beg9 to ?9 ! plants e>ly1 b d n =get t "s s+le specim5s w h to be tak5 out :5 ! fl[]s %[1 & t is ! "t = ! f9al ?9n+4 ,sunfl[]s d n well be> transplant+1 h5ce ! se$ %\ld be s[n :]e ! plants are int5d$ to fl[]4 ,dur+ its brief season ( gr[?1 ! ,sunfl[] taxes ! soil v sev]ely1 & to develop its full proportions decay$ manure mu/ be freely employ$ to a good dep?1 & un/9t$ supplies ( wat] w be necess>y 9 dry wea!r4 ,z9nia4--- ,! fir/ week ( ?is mon? is z good a "t z any to s[ se$1 & ! conditions nam$ "u ,m>* %\ld be foll[$4 ,:5 ! se$l+s are an in* high1 pot !m sep>ately1 & place 9 a close1 %ad$ frame until !y are e/abli%$4 ,!n give air m & m freely :ile ! plants are be+ tra9$ to be> full exposure4 ,,may ,?is is ! *ief mon? = b$d+1 & ! cr[d$ /ate ( pits & h\ses creates a natural anxiety to pu% =w>d ! "w2 yet ! ex]cise ( a little pati5ce may save _m a valuable lot ( plants f be+ injur$ pa/ recov]y4 ,al?\gh ! days are long1 & p]haps sunny1 ! nights are (t5 trea*]\s1 especially 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! mon?4 ,! fir/ bus9ess is to prep>e ! plants gradually = transf] to ! op5 gr\nd by free exposure :5ev] !re is a fav\rable opportunity4 ,take (f ! lights on g5ial days1 & by degrees op5 !m at night1 until !y c be disp5s$ ) altoge!r4 ,ab\t ! second week ( ! mon? x w g5]ally be safe to put ! mo/ h>dy subjects on a b$ ( a%es1 "u ! %elt] ( a h$ge or wall1 be=e plant+ !m4 ,beg9 ) ,antirrh9um1 ,dian?us1 ,phlox ,drummondii1 ,/ock1 & ,v]b5a4 ,a little lat] on1 o!rs :i* are r m delicate1 z1 = in/ance1 ,balsam1 ,begonia1 ,dahlia1 ,petunia1 ,z9nia1 c41 c be treat$ 9 ! same way1 until ! great bulk ( !m are 9 f9al qu>t]s4 ,sub-tropical plants1 su* z ,nicotiana1 ,ric9us1 ,solanum1 & ,wig&ia1 _h bett] be kept "u control till ! fir/ or second week ( ,june4 ,annuals4--,!re is /ill an opportunity ( s[+ _m v>ieties1 & also to make fur!r s[+s ( o!rs t are already %[+ signs ( promise4 ,! practice ( insur+ a succession ( all fl[]s mu* 9 dem& = vases1 ( :i* ,sweet ,peas are an example1 is on ! increase1 & des]ves to be fur!r ext5d$4 ,ano!r po9t is t _m annuals :i* require heat 9 e>li] mon?s may ) confid5ce be s[n dur+ ,may 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,h>dy ,bi5nials & ,p]5nials4--,se$ ( _m fav\rite bi5nials & p]5nials may be safely s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd dur+ ,may1 ,june1 & ,july1 & z a g5]al rule ! f9e/ plants = fl[]+ 9 ! foll[+ season are obta9$ f ! e>lie/ s[+s4 ,! b$ = ! se$ %\ld be prep>$ ) c>e & a friable loam is ! be/ = ! purpose4 ,imm$iately ! se$l+s are l>ge en\gh to h&le1 transplant to small ri* nurs]y b$s & %ift to fl[]+ positions 9 ! autumn4 ,a numb] ( ^! subjects are dealt ) individually 9 ! cal5d>s = ! mon?s nam$1 & o!rs :i* are suitable = ! purpose are3 ,an*usa italica ,a/] sub-cruleus ,aubrietia ,c&ytuft 7,ib]is7 ,*eiran?us ,allionii ,*rysan!mum leucan!mum ,coreopsis gr&iflora ,cynoglossum ,digitalis ,gaill>dia ,galega (fic9alis ,gaura ,l9dheim]i ,geum ,gypsophila paniculata ,heu*]a ,lup9us ,c5o!ra ,poppy1 p]5nial ,pyre?rum ,saxifrage ,?alictrum ,v]bascum ,viola ,antirrh9um is admirably adapt$ = a dry & sunny position1 9 :i* x w ?rive & fl[] freely4 ,balsam4--,t[>ds ! middle ( ! mon? a f9al s[+ may be made ) safety 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,=m] se$l+s w ne$ pott+ on until !y rea* ! eight-in* size1 & at ea* transf] put ! plants 9 r deep] ?an be=e2 ?is enc\rages ! gr[? ( roots f ! /ems4 ,:ile increas+ ! pot-room n a bud w %[2 b imm$iately ! roots are *eck$ by ! pots1 fl[]+ w comm5ce4 ,! old me?od ( /opp+ & disbudd+ n only spoil$ ! plants1 b robb$ !m ( ! f9e/ fl[]s1 :i* are inv>iably produc$ on ! ma9 /em4 ,s9ce ! natural me?od ( gr[+ ,balsams has be5 9 fav\r x is usual to see gr& specim5s cov]$ ) imm5se fl[]s4 ,campanula4--,! h>dy p]5nial v>ieties may be s[n 9 ! op5 dur+ ! pres5t mon? to provide se$l+s = transplant+ to fl[]+ positions 9 autumn4 ,%\ld !re be any good reason = delay x w n be too late to s[ 9 ,june or ,july1 b ! f9e/ specim5s are g5]ally produc$ f ,may s[+s4 ,! be/ results c always be obta9$ by rais+ ! requir$ numb] annually & disc>d+ ! plants aft] !y h fl[]$ 9 ! foll[+ season4 ,c9]>ia4--,^? :o c>e to h ,c9]>ias 9 bloom dur+ ,novemb] & ,decemb] may d s f a s[+ made at ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 b x is n usual to />t s e>ly4 ,our own practice is to s[ twice1 dur+ ! pres5t mon? & aga9 9 ,june1 to insure a succession4 ,f ?is mon?'s s[+s we look = our f9e/ plants4 ,! ,c9]>ia is easy to raise & to gr[1 b x w by no means take c>e ( itself4 ,x has s _m enemies t unusual vigilance is necess>y to fl[] x to p]fection4 ,x ?rives 9 a compo/ ( turfy loam1 ) a little leaf-m\ld add$2 b ! soil %\ld n be ov]-ri*1 or !re w be mu* foliage & few fl[]s4 ,/ill1 z ! plant is a rapid gr[]1 x mu/ n be />v$1 nei!r mu/ x suff] = lack ( wat]4 ,pots or pans may be employ$ = ! se$2 & z ! "y plants gr[ freely1 !y may g /raight to ?umb pots )\t ! usual int]m$iate /age ( prick+ (f4 ,coleus %\ld be f9ally %ift$ into #dh-siz$ pots4 ,if signs ( decl9e become manife/1 weak liquid manure wat] giv5 occasionally w revive ! plants & int5sify _! col\rs4 ,dur+ ! summ] any ord9>y gre5h\se or cons]vatory w suit !m1 provid$ !y are %ad$ f fi]ce sun%9e4 ,cyclam54--,! /ronge/ se$l+s %\ld n[ be ready = #fj-siz$ pots4 ,abundant b judici\s v5tilation1 pl5ty ( wat]1 & fre$om f aphis1 are ! conditions to be secur$4 ,dahlia4--,make ! gr\nd on :i* ?is fl[] is to be plant$ ?or\ghly ri*4 ,x is a rapid gr[]1 & _c atta9 to f9e proportions on a poor soil4 ,if ! plants are c>efully prep>$ = ! *ange by free exposure on g5ial days1 & also dur+ w>m nights1 !y w sc>cely feel ! removal4 ,:5 fir/ put out1 dress ! surr\nd+ soil ) soot to prev5t injury by slugs1 :i* %[ a decid$ p>tiality = newly plant$ ,dahlias4 ,give wat] freely :5 requisite1 & 9 /ak+ ! plants take c>e t ! ties d n cut ! bran*es4 ,^! ties w require att5tion occasionally dur+ ! summ] & autumn4 ,delph9ium4--,s[ ! p]5nial v>ieties on a prep>$ b$4 ,?9 e>ly1 )\t remov+ all ! weak] se$l+s1 & :5 suffici5tly advanc$ to be> removal1 transf] to bord]s :]e ! plants are to fl[]4 ,hollyhocks may be put into ! bord]s :5 ! wea!r is q w>m4 ,wait until ! end ( ! mon?1 or ev5 ! beg9n+ ( ,june1 r ?an h !m nipp$ by an untimely fro/4 ,l ! ,dahlia ?is plant mu/ h un/9t$ supplies ( wat] & abundance ( manure4 ,a tall /ake1 firmly fix$1 w also be necess>y = ea* plant4 ,nicotiana4--,se$ may be s[n on an op51 sunny bord]1 b x is a wa/e ( se$ & lab\r to put x into poor soil4 ,prep>e ! gr\nd be=eh& by deep digg+1 & by incorporat+ pl5ty ( manure4 ,if ! ne> pres5ce ( o!r plants r5d]s ?is impossible1 drive a b> into ! soil & "w a good-siz$ hole4 ,fill x ) ri* /uff to )9 a few in*es ( ! surface1 & f9i% ) f9e soil1 on :i* s[ ! se$4 ,?is me?od c only be adopt$ = light l&4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a cutt+ ea/ w9d aft] ! se$l+s are up1 improvise "s k9d ( %elt] until ! dang] is pa/4 ,petunias are v s5sitive "u a fro/ or cold w9d4 ,!re=e be 9 no hurry to b$ ! plants until q ! end ( ! mon? or beg9n+ ( ,june1 especially if ! wea!r appe>s to be at all ?reat5+4 ,a good mell[ soil1 free ( rec5t manure1 suits !m4 ,if unduly ri*1 x w /r5g!n ! foliage at ! exp5se ( ! fl[]s1 & w also po/pone ! bloom+ until late 9 ! season4 ,portulaca4--,x is useless to s[ until ! temp]ature is summ]like4 ,if necess>y1 wait until ! close ( ! mon?1 or long]1 be=e putt+ 9 ! se$4 ,?is fl[] w endure nei!r a moi/ atmosph]e nor a ret5tive soil4 ,s[ on rais$ b$s ( light soil1 ! m s&y ! bett]2 & 9 seasons :i* spe$ily burn ! life out ( o!r plants1 ,portulacas w display _! beauty1 no matt] h[ fi]cely ! sun may beat ^u !m4 ,wat] w occasionally be necess>y1 b x %\ld nev] be giv5 until !re is obvi\s ne$ = x4 ,portulacas are easily gr[n 9 pots or w9d[-boxes1 & !y w bloom pr(usely :]e _m o!r fl[]s only )] & die4 ,primula4--,almo/ e season witnesses ! adv5t ( "s novelty 9 ?is fl[]1 ei!r 9 col\r or 9 =m4 ,& ! plant is n[ wor? gr[+ = ! beauty & div]sity ( its foliage alone4 ,! fl[]s range f pure :ite ?r\gh all %ades ( t5d] rose up to a deep1 ri* crimson4 ,aft] ye>s ( e>ne/ ef=t1 two beautiful blue fl[]s h be5 obta9$4 ,!re are also sev]al elegant d\ble /ra9s1 & ^! possess a special value = b\quets1 because ( _! endur+ quality4 ,all ! v>ieties1 includ+ ! popul> ,/> ,primulas1 c be gr[n ) ease 9 any soil :i* is fairly ri* & friable4 ,equal p>ts ( leaf-m\ld & loam1 ) a little s&1 w suit !m to p]fection4 ,fill ! pots firmly1 tak+ precautions to insure effective dra9age4 ,a ?9 lay] ( silv] s& sift$ ov] ! soil w aid an ev5 s[+ by %[+ up ! se$4 ,z a f9i%1 %ake ov] j en\gh f9e soil to hide ! s&4 ,?9 s[+ is important1 because ! mo/ reliable new se$ is almo/ c]ta9 to g]m9ate at int]vals1 & ! plants :i* come fir/ c !n be lift$ )\t imp]ill+ ! rema9d]4 ,prick (f z fa/ z ready r\nd ! edges ( small pots1 & %ade until e/abli%$4 ,!n give air m & m freely4 ,/ock1 ,t5-week4--,! prep>ation ( ! soil is ! fir/ bus9ess1 & :e!r ! ,/ocks are int5d$ to be gr[n 9 small gr\ps or alone 9 b$s1 ! treatm5t %\ld be ! same 9 ei!r case4 ,) light l& !re is no difficulty2 x is only ne$ful to dig x well1 & to incorporate a suffici5t quantity ( decay$ manure4 ,if dispos$ to incur a little extra tr\ble to give ! plants a />t1 take out "s soil ) a tr[el1 & fill ! hole ) compo/ f ! pott+ %$4 ,?is c\rse is indisp5sable on heavy l&2 & assum+ x to be ri* en\gh1 ! quicke/ & mo/ effectual way is to make drills six in*es deep at ! prop] di/ances1 & ne>ly fill !m ) prep>$ soil1 9 :i* ! ,/ocks c be plant$4 ,= a %ort "t aft]w>ds provide %elt] f ! midday sun1 b d n keep !m cov]$ a mom5t long] ?an is necess>y4 ,9 plant+ x mu/ n be =gott5 t an unc]ta9 proportion ( s+le specim5s w h to come out4 ,on ?is acc\nt x is advisable to put !m 9 small gr\ps1 & remove ! surplus ev5 if !y are d\ble1 ,sweet ,william4--,! introduction ( sev]al new v>ieties has creat$ a fre% int]e/ 9 ?is f9e old g>d5 fav\rite4 ,?is is "o ( ! h>dy bi5nials t w n be hu/l$4 ,on a nicely prep>$ b$ 9 ! op5 s[ ?9ly 9 drills ei!r dur+ ?is mon? or up to ,july4 ,9 due "t transplant 9 r[s1 af=d+ suffici5t space = ea* specim5 to become /ocky1 & 9 autumn transf] to fl[]+ qu>t]s4 ,v]b5a4--,b$s = ,v]b5as %\ld be ri*1 mell[1 & v sweet4 ,a poor soil n only produces poor fl[]s1 b x mat]ially %ort5s ! bloom+ p]iod4 ,peg ! plants d[n f ! outset1 & all[ !m to cross & recross ea* o!r until !re is a %eet ( gl[+ col\r4 ,wallfl[]4--,?is fragrant spr+ fl[] is n always gr[n z well z x might be4 ,x is (t5 s[n too late to become e/abli%$ be=e w9t] sets 94 ,s[ n[ 9 drills n9e in*es ap>t on friable loam4 ,?9 to ?ree in*es ap>t1 & transplant ! ?9n+s4 ,a little lat] repeat ! op]ation1 s z to leave ! plants at a di/ance ( six in*es 9 ! r[s4 ,assi/ !m ) wat] if necess>y4 ,z9nia4--,a s[+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd ab\t ! middle ( ! mon? w provide plants 9 g>d5s :]e !re are no means ( rais+ !m artificially at an e>li] date4 ,ev5 ^? :o possess a /ock w be wise to put a f9al s[+ 9 ! op54 ,if possible1 *oose a sunny bord] slop+ to ! s\?1 & make ! soil ri*1 f9e1 & r firm4 ,drop se$s 9 little gr\ps ( ?ree or f\r at ea* spot1 all[+ fifte5 or eighte5 in*es betwe5 ! gr\ps4 ,cov] lightly1 & ev5tually ?9 ! plants to "o at ea* /ation4 ,,june ,! days are n[ at _! longe/1 & plants 9 pits & h\ses %\ld h ! full b5efit ( x4 ,by op5+ ! lights e>ly1 & %ad+ 9 good "t1 ! fl[]+ p]iod w be greatly prolong$4 ,ply ! syr+e ov] plants infe/$ ) aphis until !y are q clean4 ,9 "s in/ances1 x may ev5 be wise to p9* (f "y %oots :i* are cov]$ ) ! fly4 ,keep ,v]b5as1 ,petunias1 & ! tall] v>ieties ( ,phlox ,drummondii pegg$ d[n2 ?is furni%es ! b$s & helps to *eck evaporation4 ,ra9 & wat]+ alike t5d to h>d5 ! gr\nd2 & z ?is condition does n fav\r gr[?1 ! surface %\ld be frequ5tly brok5 ) ! hoe4 ,anemone4--,^? :o gr[ ?is fl[] f se$ %\ld make ano!r s[+ n[ or 9 ,july1 ev5 if !y h ?rifty plants f ! ,febru>y s[+4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ! fl[]+ p]iod is prolong$1 & ! f9] blossoms w probably come f ?is mon?'s s[+4 ,aquilegia se$ w g]m9ate n[ 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & ! plants ne$ no protection dur+ w9t]4 ,balsam4--,z a rule1 x is unwise to put ,balsams into b$s or bord]s be=e ! fir/ week ( ?is mon?4 ,! plant revels 9 w>m? & light1 & %\ld h an op51 sunny position4 ,its succul5t nature w indicate ! necessity ( giv+ abundant supplies ( wat]4 ,= s fle%y & app>5tly fragile a plant1 x is a/oni%+ h[ well x /&s 9 a /rong w9d4 ,f good /ra9s ! sep>ate col\rs come s true t ! design ( a b$ c be accurately arrang$4 ,z pot plants ,balsams ne$ no support1 provid$ !y are kept dw>f & /\t1 & !y make admirable decorative subjects4 ,b = indoor use x is easy to gr[ !m 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & :5 well advanc$ !y c be lift$ ) c>e & pott$4 ,?is proc$ure (f]s ! advantages ( a *oice ( col\rs ev5 f mix$ se$ & a selection ( ! mo/ robu/ plants4 ,begonia1 ,tub]\s-root$4--,?is has prov$ to be "o ( ! mo/ elegant & ref9$ b$d+ subjects we possess1 & x appe>s to become m popul> e ye>4 ,! plant is also freely gr[n 9 ! res]ve bord] to produce fl[]s = cutt+4 ,employ specim5s t are l>ge en\gh to make a %[ at once1 & select plants ( ! %ort-jo9t$ class = outdoor "w4 ,!y mu/ h unusually ri* soil4 ,calceol>ia4--,= weal? ( bloom1 comb9$ ) ri*ness & int5sity ( col\r+1 ! ,h]bace\s ,calceol>ia has no rival among bi5nials4 ,a l>ge gre5h\se fill$ ) f9e specim5s 9 _! full spl5d\r is a sight :i* w n soon be =gott54 ,"o great s\rce ( int]e/ lies 9 ! annual *anges 9 %ades ( col\r1 & ! v>iations 9 ! m>k+s ( individual fl[]s4 ,f a fir/-class /ra9 ( se$1 high expectation w n be disappo9t$4 ,inde$1 ! excell5ce ( se$l+s is s fully recognis$1 t !re is n ! smalle/ advantage 9 propagat+ ! plant by ! t$i\s me?od ( cutt+s4 ,b ,calceol>ias w n be trifl$ )4 ,!y mu/ h an ev5 temp]ature & unremitt+ att5tion to ma9ta9 a ?riv+ condition4 ,fill ! se$-pans or pots firmly ) a compo/ :i* is bo? ri* & por\s2 ! la/ po9t is ( great consequ5ce 9 help+ to secure free dra9age4 ,make ! surface p]fectly ev51 & :it5 x ) silv] s&2 ?is answ]s ! d\ble purpose ( reveal+ ! se$ & aft]w>ds ( %[+ :5 x is suffici5tly du/$ ov] ) f9e soil4 ,:e!r or n ?is me?od be adopt$1 ! s[+ mu/ be ?9 & ev51 & z ! se$ is exce$+ly f9e1 ! task is r a delicate "o4 ,%eets ( glass plac$ ov] ! pans & turn$ daily w *eck rapid evaporation4 ,place ! pans 9 a moi/1 %ady spot1 :]e ! temp]ature is con/ant1 & g]m9ation w take place 9 f sev5 to n9e days1 :5 ! glass mu/ be promptly remov$4 ,!n comes a critical /age1 & a little neglect may result 9 ! loss ( pa/ lab\r1 & necessitate a fre% />t4 ,/ill keep ! pans 9 "s %elt]$ corn] :i* c be ?or\ghly %ad$ f ! sun4 ,?is "q ( %ade ne$s mu* vigilance4 ,s also does ! supply ( wat]1 :i* mu/ n be adm9i/]$ :olesale1 b r by frequ5t g5tle spr9kl+s4 ,on ! appe>ance ( ! second leaf1 promptly prick (f ! se$l+s 9 c>efully prep>$ pots1 all[+ ab\t two in*es betwe5 !m4 ,!y w ne$ dext]\s manipulation because ( _! small size1 b a skilful h& w transf] !m )\t injury1 & p]haps ) a little soil adh]+ to ! roots4 ,z all ! se$l+s w n be ready at "o "t1 x w probably require ab\t ?ree op]ations to cle> ! se$-pans1 & ! e>ly removals %\ld be s made z to avoid injur+ ! rema9d]4 ,a p51 ) ! po9t firmly press$ into ! hold]1 makes a small h&y implem5t = ! task4 ,reta9 ! se$l+s 9 a %elt]$ position1 & cont9ue ! att5tion z to %ade & wat]+4 ,9 ab\t a mon? ! plants w be ready = ?umb pots4 ,canna4--,9 ! mix$ bord]1 & also 9 ! sub-tropical g>d51 ,cannas are mu* valu$ = ! exce$+ grace & beauty ( _! foliage4 ,!y %\ld be put into v ri* soil2 &1 l all o!r plants ( rapid gr[?1 !y w ne$ copi\s supplies ( wat] 9 dry wea!r4 ,9 mild di/ricts & on dry soils ! plants may rema9 out all ! w9t]1 "u ! protection ( a heap ( a%es4 ,b1 z a rule1 x w be necess>y to /ore !m 9 frames until spr+2 & !y may be f9] 9 ! second ?an 9 ! fir/ season4 ,c9]>ia4--,to insure a succession1 & :]e a suffici5t /ock is n already provid$1 ano!r s[+ %\ld be made1 foll[+ ! me?od advis$ la/ mon?4 ,! se$l+s1 :5 transf]r$ to small pots1 %\ld be put into a close frame1 & be spr9kl$ ) wat] morn+ & ev5+ until ! roots take hold4 ,at fir/ x is desirable to keep !m fairly w>m1 b 9 a =tnight ! heat may be gradually r$uc$ & m air be giv5 until cool treatm5t is rea*$4 ,! plants w ne$ pott+ on up to ,novemb]1 :5 !y %\ld g into ! f9al size2 &1 except = special purposes1 #f-a_/d- or #g-a_/b-;in* pots are l>ge en\gh4 ,c9]>ias are s\ght aft] by e pe/ :i* infe/s ! gre5h\se4 ,we ne$ only say t by fumigation1 sulphur1 or by syr++ ) a suitable insecticide1 ! plants mu/ be kept clean1 or !y _c be heal?y4 ,daisy1 ,d\ble4--,! f9e/ blooms are obta9$ f se$l+s rais$ annually1 & ! g5]al practice is to s[ 9 ! op5 gr\nd dur+ ?is mon? or ,july4 ,:5 l>ge en\gh transplant to good gr\nd = bloom+ 9 ! foll[+ season4 ,! new ,giant =ms ( ! ,d\ble ,daisy are ( sup]b size1 closely resembl+ f9ely %ap$ ,a/]s 9 =m4 ,dian?us4--,= a display next summ]1 s[ 9 drills drawn six in*es ap>t 9 an op5 situation1 & cov] ! se$ lightly ) f9e soil4 ,%ade ! spot until ! plants %[4 ,g]anium4--,sometimes a difficulty is exp]i5c$ 9 br++ ,g]anium se$l+s into fl[]4 ,!y possess s mu* initial vig\r t ! production ( wood cont9ues to ! v end ( ! season4 ,plants :i* %[ signs ( excessive gr[? %\ld be put into ! bord] )\t remov+ ! pots4 ,?is *eck to ! roots w ?r[ ! plants into luxuriant bloom4 ,gladioli are v liable to injury by high w9d1 & /akes %\ld be put to !m 9 good "t4 ,ea* plant may h a sep>ate support1 & ?is is ! mo/ p]fect treatm5t2 or ! /akes may be at int]vals1 or at ! ends ( r[s1 connect$ by l5g?s ( /rong1 s(t mat]ial1 to :i* int]v5+ /ems c be secur$4 ,! "w %\ld be done c>efully1 & if ! fl[]s are int5d$ = exhibition !y mu/ also be %ad$ by "s means4 ,?is may be a *eap or a co/ly proce$+2 b 9 :atev] mann] x is c>ri$ out1 security is ess5tial1 or ! :ole b$ may be ru9$4 ,hollyhock4--,a s[+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd w produce plants = w9t]+ 9 ! cold frame2 & if g5]\sly treat$1 !y w make a f9e %[ 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,myosotis4--,dur+ ?is mon? s[ ,sutton's ,pot ,myosotis & br+ =w>d 9 a cold frame = w9t] decoration1 = :i* purpose ?is plant is rapidly increas+ 9 fav\r4 ,se$ ( ! h>dy v>ieties may also be s[n n[ or 9 ,july1 *oos+ a %ady spot 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,transplant :5 l>ge en\gh4 ,nicotiana4--,to expose ,tobacco plants be=e w>m wea!r is e/abli%$ w give !m a *eck f :i* !y may n recov] until ! summ] is half ov]1 if !y recov] at all4 ,sp>e frames ) movable lights w prep>e !m admirably & save lab\r4 ,! second week ( ?is mon? is g5]ally w>m en\gh = ! plant+4 ,! se$l+s mu/ h a v ri* soil1 & abundance ( wat] 9 dry wea!r4 ,a heavy mul* ( decay$ manure w supply !m ) food & *eck evaporation4 ,pansy4--,f ! end ( ,may to ! end ( ,july se$l+s may be rais$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,?9 & transplant :5 ready4 ,polyan?us to be s[n f ,may to ,july on a %ad$ bord]4 ,?9 ! se$l+s boldly1 & b$ ! ?9n+s4 ,^? rais$ e>ly w fl[] next spr+1 b ! lat] se$l+s _c be dep5d$ on = bloom+ 9 ! fir/ ye>4 ,portulaca4--,! wea!r may h be5 too cold & wet = s[+ 9 ,may1 or se$ !n s[n may h fail$2 happily1 !re is yet ample "t = rais+ ?is fl[]1 9 ei!r b$s or pots4 ,primrose4--,?is f9e old fav\rite may be gr[n f se$ 9 v>i\s t9ts ( yell[ & almo/ any %ade ( col\r f :ite to deep crimson2 an effective blue has also be5 a*iev$4 ,primroses make beautiful pot & bord] fl[]s4 ,se$ may be s[n f ,may to ,july4 ,se$-pans c be us$1 or ! s[+ may be made 9 drills 9 ! op54 ,9 ! latt] case1 a free dress+ ( soot mu/ be employ$ to r5d] ! spot di/a/eful to slugs4 ,:5 transplant+1 give ! plants a deep ret5tive loam if possible1 & a %ady position4 ,primula4--,to insure a succession ( fl[]s next spr+1 make ano!r s[+ z advis$ "u ,may4 ,se$l+s :i* are ready %\ld be got into small pots1 & aft]w>ds !y mu/ be re-pott$ :5 necess>y2 b nev] %ift !m until ! pots are full ( roots1 & always put !m 9 firmly up to ! coll>4 ,solanum4--,! b]ri$ v>ieties may be gr[n entirely 9 pots1 or !y c be put into b$s = ! summ]1 f :i* !y w lift = pott+ aga9 j z ! h&some b]ries are turn+ col\r4 ,! sp9y-leav$ v>ieties are valuable = sub-tropical g>d5+4 ,small plants are ( little wor?1 h5ce !y %\ld be put into v ri* soil1 ) a ?ick lay] ( manure on ! surface1 & h copi\s supplies ( wat] to induce free gr[?4 ,/ock1 ,spr+-fl[]+4--,?is valuable section1 :i* includes ! popul> ,brompton /ra91 usually comes into bloom 9 ,may & ,june4 ,se$ is sometimes s[n :]e ! plants are to fl[]1 b a c]ta9 degree ( risk att5ds ?is mode ( proc$ure1 & ,spr+-fl[]+ ,/ocks are s valuable t !y are wor? m c>eful treatm5t4 ,ei!r n[ or 9 ,july s[ 9 pans1 & place !m "u %elt] until ! plants are an in* high2 !n /& !m 9 ! op5 = a week be=e plant+ out4 ,/ock1 ,w9t]-fl[]+4--,= _! refre%+ col\rs & delightful p]fume ,/ocks are highly priz$ dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4 ,to h !m 9 fl[] at ,*ri/mas1 se$ ( ,*ri/mas ,p9k or ,beauty ( ,nice %\ld be s[n 9 ,june4 ,x is usual to gr[ ?ree or m plants 9 a pot1 accord+ to size4 ,at ! fall ( ! ye> place !m 9 ! cons]vatory or a cool gre5h\se1 & give assi/ance 9 ! =m ( weak liquid manure z soon z ! buds appe>4 ,o!r suitable v>ieties1 ( :i* !re are a numb]1 may be s[n 9 ,july or ,augu/ = fl[]+ indoors ?r\gh ! w9t] & spr+ mon?s4 ,wallfl[]4--,if no se$ 0 s[n 9 ,may ! task ought n to be neglect$ ?is mon?4 ,z9nia4--,! fir/ week ( ,june is ab\t ! "r "t to b$ ,z9nias1 & !re are ?ree facts to be borne 9 m9d conc]n+ !m4 ,!y d n transplant well1 & !re=e a %[]y day %\ld1 if possible1 be select$ = mov+ !m4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ra91 be lib]al ) wat]4 ,!y are v brittle1 & %\ld h a position some:at %elt]$ f ! full =ce ( ! w9d2 & z !y revel 9 sun%9e1 ! m roa/+ ! season ! f9] w be ! fl[]s4 ,,july ,antirrh9um4--,a s[+ 9 drills dur+ ! pres5t mon? or ,augu/ w supply plants = fl[]+ next ye>4 ,transf] direct f ! se$-b$ to ! positions :]e !y are int5d$ to bloom4 ,calceol>ia4--,if m plants are want$1 s[ aga94 ,among ! se$l+s :i* we left la/ mon? j z !y _h be5 prick$ (f1 x w soon be evid5t t !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! /r5g? ( ! plants4 ,z a rule1 ! mo/ robu/ are ^? 9 :i* yell[ l>gely pr$om9ates4 ,^! make bright & %[y decorative plants1 b ! col\rs t are especially valu$ by flori/s w probably come f ! se$l+s :i* are weakly 9 ! e>ly /age4 ,h5ce ^! %\ld be specially priz$1 & "u skilful managem5t !y may be gr[n into gr& specim5s4 ,! ?umb pots = ,calceol>ias ne$ c>eful prep>ation ) crocks cov]$ ) clean moss or vegetable fibre1 & !y mu/ be fill$ ) ri* por\s compo/4 ,transf] ! plants ) extreme c>e1 & place !m 9 a %elt]$ "p ( ! gre5h\se or 9 a %ad$ frame1 all[+ free access ( air on ! leew>d side4 ,if aphis has to be dealt )--& x is v p>tial to ,calceol>ias--fumigation is ! be/ rem$y4 ,*oose a quiet ev5+ = ! op]ation2 on ! foll[+ day c>efully wat] ! plants & %ade !m f ! sun4 ,campanula4--,! p]5nial v>ieties may /ill be s[n1 ei!r 9 pans or 9 ! op54 ,give !m a good light soil1 & d n /9t ! supply ( wat]4 ,cyclam5s :i* are =w>d en\gh %\ld be %ift$ into #dh-siz$ pots4 ,foll[ up ! process until all are re-pott$4 ,lobelia4--,9 pots or pans s[ se$ ( ! p]5nial v>ieties to provide plants = ! bord]s next ye>4 ,pot (f s+ly :5 ready1 & protect 9 a cold frame ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,mimulus s[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd w fl[] 9 ! foll[+ spr+4 ,if possible1 make ! se$-b$ 9 a moi/ ret5tive soil & 9 a %ad$ situation4 ,primula4--,to =ce ! gr[? ( ?is plant is to ru9 x4 ,! mo/ satisfactory results are inv>iably obta9$ f specim5s :i* h matur$ sl[ly1 & h be5 treat$ z ne>ly h>dy aft] ! se$l+ /age4 ,f ?is mon? up to ! middle ( ,septemb] x w be q safe to expose !m freely1 day & night1 except 9 inclem5t wea!r4 ,ev5 9 ! w9t] protection is only ne$$ f fro/1 damp1 & ke5 w9ds4 ,,augu/ ,annuals & ,bi5nials1 ,h>dy4--,9 ! majority ( ,engli% g>d5s ! spr+ display ( bulb\s fl[]s is too (t5 foll[$ by a dre>y blank1 :i* is almo/ unr$eem$ by a t\* ( col\r1 except t af=d$ by ! late ,tulips & a few o!r fl[]s :i* are relatively unimportant4 ,! brilliance ( ! ,crocuses1 ,hyac9?s1 & e>ly ,tulips s]ves to ?r[ into relief ! comp>ative b>r5ness :i* foll[s4 ,& ! contra/ is r5d]$ all ! m /rik+ by ! *e]ful spr+ days4 ,x is at ?is juncture t annuals & bi5nials f summ] or e>ly autumn s[+s light up ! g>d5 ) welcome masses & b&s ( fre% & vivid col\r+4 ,!y are !n s valuable t x is surpris+ !y are n m commonly gr[n1 especially z ! co/ ( se$ is v trifl+4 ,ev5 ! transitory "* ( "s ( !m is an elem5t 9 _! fav\r1 = !y d n int]f]e ) ! summ] b$d+ arrangem5ts4 ,su* fl[]s z ,pansy & ,viola1 h[ev]1 produce a long-cont9u$ %[ ( bloom4 ,! foll[+ li/ conta9s ! v>ieties :i* are be/ adapt$ = ! purpose3-- ,alyssum1 ,sweet ,antirrh9um ,asp]ula azurea setosa ,cal&r9ia umbellata ,cal5dula (fic9alis fl4 pl4 ,c&ytuft ,*eiran?us ,allionii ,*rysan!mum1 ,morn+ ,/> ,*rysan!mum1 ,ev5+ ,/> ,*rysan!mum inodorum pl5issimum ,*rysan!mum segetum gr4 ,cl>kia ,coll9sia ,coreopsis ,cornfl[] ,erysimum ,es*s*oltzia ,gilia tricolor ,godetia ,icel& ,poppy ,l>kspur1 dw>f rocket ,leptosiphon ,limnan!s ,d\glasii ,l9>ia1 p9k ,nemophila ,nigella1 ,miss ,jekyll ,papav] glaucum ,phacelia tanacetifolia ,poppy1 ,%irley ,sapon>ia calabrica ,scabi\s ,sil5e ,sweet ,sultan ,v5us' ,look+-glass1 purple ,virg9ian ,/ock ,visc>ia ,:itlavia ,s[ ?9ly1 n lat] ?an ! middle ( ! mon? 9 cold di/ricts1 b ,septemb] w be e>ly en\gh 9 ! ,s\!rn c\nties4 ,drills are pref]able to broadca/+1 because ! b$s are m easily we$$ & kept 9 ord]4 ,?9 ! r[s e>ly1 s t ! plants may become /\t & h>d be=e w9t] ov]takes !m4 ,e>ly 9 ! new ye> transplant+ mu/ be resort$ to dur+ op5 wea!r if ! plants are to be fl[]$ 9 heavy soil2 b on light1 ri* l&1 s[ :]e !y are int5d$ to bloom4 ,annuals "u ,glass4--,! fl[]s available = w9t] & spr+ bloom+ are naturally few 9 numb] comp>$ ) ^? :i* fill g>d5s & cons]vatories dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,b x is n g5]ally realis$ t sev]al fav\rite outdoor annuals are z s]viceable = fl[]+ "u glass 9 ! %ort days ( ! ye> z !y are = gr[+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd 9 summ]1 & !y are ! m valuable = w9t] & spr+ use z no elaborate sy/em ( cultivation is ne$$4 ,any gre5h\se or cons]vatory f :i* fro/ c be exclud$ w gr[ ^! annuals well4 ,se$ %\ld be s[n 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]1 9 pots or pans plac$ 9 a cool h\se or frame4 ,:5 ! se$l+s h made "s progress1 prick !m (f into ! pots 9 :i* !y are want$ to fl[]1 & gr[ /eadily on1 be>+ 9 m9d always t ! mo/ important po9t is to keep ! plants z h>dy z possible by giv+ air at e fav\rable opportunity4 ,! foll[+ v>ieties are especially suitable = w9t] & spr+ fl[]+ "u glass3--,alonsoa2 ,! ,/> & ,dunnettii v>ieties ( ,annual ,*rysan!mum2 ,cl>kia elegans2 ,dimorpho!ca2 ,gypsophila elegans2 ,l9>ia2 ,nemesia ,suttoni2 ,nicotiana1 ,m9iature ,:ite & ,n4 aff9is2 ,phlox1 ,purity2 ,salpiglossis2 & ,swan ,riv] ,daisy4 ,a/]s = indoor decoration %\ld n[ be lift$ f b$s or bord]s & pott$4 ,x is wor? a little tr\ble to accompli% ! task ) ! lea/ possible injury or di/urbance to ! roots4 ,light soils %\ld h a good soak+ ( wat] on ! previ\s ev5+1 to prev5t ! m\ld f crumbl+ away4 ,c>nation4--,se$ may /ill be s[n z advis$ 9 ,april2 b to c>ry ! plants safely ?r\gh ! w9t] x is necess>y to h !m /rong be=e cold wea!r sets 94 ,*ionodoxa c be =c$ ) ! same ease z ,roman ,hyac9?s4 ,a #dh-siz$ pot w accommodate sev]al bulbs4 ,c9]>ias are frequ5tly plac$ 9 ! op5 dur+ ?is mon? & ,septemb]1 & z x t5ds to imp>t a h>dy con/itution1 ! practice is to be comm5d$4 ,a nor? bord] "u a wall w suit !m1 b ! proximity ( a h$ge %\ld be avoid$4 ,be=e ! plants are put out see t !y are q clean1 or x may be necess>y to re/ore !m to ! h\se 9 ord] to rid !m ( "s tr\blesome pe/4 ,cl>kia4--,! v>ieties ( ! ,elegans class make v h&some pot plants1 & to insure ! requisite numb] se$ mu/ be s[n 9 well-dra9$ pots dur+ ?is mon? or e>ly 9 ,septemb]4 ,cyclam54--,:]e ,cyclam5s are ext5sively gr[n x is usual to make ! fir/ s[+ 9 ,augu/1 & _m g>d5]s reg>d ?is z ! mo/ important p]iod = secur+ heal?y "y se$l+s4 ,a common mi/ake ) beg9n]s is to raise !m 9 too high a temp]ature4 ,on ?is & o!r po9ts useful sugge/ions w be f\nd 9 ! article comm5c+ on page #bef4 ,dian?us4--,ei!r n[ or a little lat] transf] se$l+s to fl[]+ qu>t]s1 & if possible put !m into s&y loam 9 a sunny spot4 ,freesia4--,few & simple are ! conditions necess>y to ! well-be+ ( ?is beautiful & delicately sc5t$ fl[]4 ,! f9e specim5s to be se5 occasionally 9 cottag]s' w9d[s 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight atte/ ! ease ) :i* x c be gr[n 9 a cong5ial atmosph]e4 ,! bulbs are exce$+ly small 9 proportion to ! fl[]s1 & ! rootlets are s fragile t pott+ on is to be avoid$4 ,a #dh-siz$ pot w hold five or six bulbs1 & ! soil %\ld consi/ l>gely ( decay+ vegetable fibre1 su* z peat1 leaf-m\ld1 & turfy loam4 ,! pots c be /ood 9 any %elt]$ position out ( doors1 "u a cov]+ ( cocoa-nut fibre or o!r light mat]ial1 until ! foliage beg9s to gr[4 ,g]anium4--,a s[+ 9 ,augu/ w supply plants = fl[]+ next summ]1 & ! directions giv5 9 ,febru>y are suitable1 save t heat c n[ be disp5s$ )4 ,^! late se$l+s w ne$ m c>e to c>ry !m ?r\gh ! w9t] ?an plants rais$ e>li] 9 ! ye>4 ,g]b]a4--,^! *>m+ fl[]s make admirable subjects = ! gre5h\se & cons]vatory1 & an excell5t display may also be obta9$ outdoors if a sunny well-dra9$ "p ( ! g>d5 be select$ = ! plants4 ,augu/ is ! be/ mon? = s[+ se$4 ,plants requir$ = indoor bloom+ %\ld be pott$ on z may become necess>y4 ,^? = ! op5 gr\nd mu/ be ?or\ghly h>d5$ (f = plant+ out 9 ! e>ly summ] ( ! succe$+ ye>4 ,hyac9?s1 ,italian & ,roman4--,obta9 ! bulbs z e>ly z possible1 & pot !m promptly4 ,place !m 9 any sp>e corn] ( ! op5 gr\nd1 :]e !y c be cov]$ ) cocoa-nut fibre or leaf-m\ld until ! roots are =m$4 ,a *ild c gr[ ^! fl[]s2 & !y %\ld be l>gely employ$ = b\quets & = indoor decoration dur+ ! d>k w9t] days4 ,mignonette4--,= w9t] fl[]+ s[ 9 #dh-or #cb-siz$ pots1 fill$ ) light ri* soil4 ,put ! se$ 9 little gr\ps1 ?9 to ?ree or five plants 9 ea* pot1 & give !m ! b5efit ( full daylight close to ! glass4 ,:5 fl[]+ comm5ces d n all[ se$ to =m4 ,if ! spikes :i* h pass$ ! heyday ( p]fection are cut (f1 ! plants w break aga9 & fl[] a second "t4 ,n>cissi4--,! fir/ pott+ ( e>ly v>ieties is made ?is mon? z soon z ! bulbs c be obta9$4 ,pel>gonium4--,! rem>ks "u ,g]anium apply to ?is fl[] also4 ,picotee4--,foll[ ! in/ructions giv5 = ,c>nation4 ,s*izan?us4--,to d full ju/ice to ?is fl[] se$ %\ld be s[n n[ = plants to be kept ?r\gh ! w9t] 9 any h\se :i* is suffici5tly w>m to exclude fro/4 ,scilla prcox1 or sibirica4--,! treatm5t :i* suits ,roman ,hyac9?s w answ] = ?is bulb also1 :5 requir$ = fl[]+ indoors4 ,! two =m an admirable h>mony 9 blue & :ite4 ,sil5e4--,all ! mo/ useful v>ieties ( ,cat*fly are h>dy aga9/ cold1 b n entirely s aga9/ damp4 ,!y possess a special value = _! sp>kl+ appe>ance 9 spr+4 ,s[ 9 light s&y soil1 9 :i* !y w pass ! w9t] safely4 ,on a heavy loam ! transplant+ sy/em mu/ be resort$ to 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,/ock1 ,int]m$iate4--,?is section is valuable = indoor decoration 9 spr+4 ,no artificial heat is necess>y to raise ! se$2 9 fact1 x is n wise to employ x4 ,ei!r 9 ?is mon? or e>ly 9 ,septemb] s[ ! requir$ numb] ( pots & plunge !m 9 a%es 9 a frame until ,m>*4 ,?9 ! se$l+s to ?ree 9 ea* pot4 ,be=e fl[]+1 a ri* top-dress+ w be b5eficial2 & manure wat]--weak at fir/1 b /rong] by degrees--w int5sify ! col\rs4 ,/ock1 ,spr+-fl[]+4--,a b$ prep>$ "u trees or %rubs w af=d "s %elt] f w9t] fro/4 ,make x ?or\ghly ri*1 & 9 x plant ! se$l+s4 ,%\ld ! gr[? be v rapid 9 ,septemb]1 ! plants w probably become too succul5t to endure ! /ress ( w9t]4 ,if s1 lift !m & plant aga9 on ! same spot4 ,sweet ,pea4--,! mod]n culture ( ?is delightful fl[] includes deep tr5*+ & ! lib]al use ( manure4 ,^? :o int5d to s[ dur+ ,septemb] 9 ! op5 mu/ get ! tr5*$ gr\nd into p]fect ord] e>ly 9 ! pres5t mon?4 ,! details are important & are fully describ$ 9 ! article comm5c+ on page #cjc4 ,,septemb] ,agapan?us taxes ! soil sev]ely1 & mu/ h ample n\ri%m5t 9 pots4 ,x is also "o ( ! ?ir/ie/ bulbs kn[n1 b is q h>dy1 & w ?rive 9 ! op5 if plant$ 9 a deep ri* loam at any "t f ,septemb] until ,m>*4 ,al/roem]ia4--,al?\gh relat$ to ! ,ixia1 ?is bulb may be tru/$ to ! op5 gr\nd 9 all b ! colde/ di/ricts ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is n suitable = pot culture1 b 9 a dry bord] x may be all[$ to rema9 undi/urb$ = ye>s4 ,plant q n9e in*es deep4 ,am>yllis4--,! prop] "t to comm5ce op]ations ) ^! sup]b fl[]s is dur+ _! season ( re/1 :i* ranges f ,septemb] to ,m>*4 ,pot !m 9 firm loam1 enri*$ ) leaf-m\ld1 & conta9+ a fair proportion ( s&4 ,v little wat] is requir$ until gr[? beg9s1 & !n x mu/ be increas$ ) ! progress ( ! plant4 ,/>t !m by plung+ ! pots 9 a temp]ature ( ab\t #fe1 & :5 !y are com+ into bloom1 remove to a w>m gre5h\se or cons]vatory4 ,aft] ! fl[]s h fad$1 all[ ! plants to complete _! gr[?1 & !n sl[ly r$uce !m to a re/+ condition )\t p]mitt+ ! bulbs at any "t to become q dry4 ,anemone4--,! tub]\s v>ieties are valuable z pot plants1 n only = _! fl[]s1 b also = ! di/9ctive "* ( ! foliage4 ,! roots may be pott$ f n[ up to ! end ( ! ye>1 s t a succession ( fl[]s c be easily insur$4 ,:5 plung$ 9 a pit or frame to pres]ve !m f fro/1 wat]+ is all ! att5tion !y w ne$1 b ( ?is !re mu/ be pl5ty1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! plants beg9 to fl[]4 ,pot ! roots betwe5 "o & two in*es deep1 9 ri* soil1 & ) ! eyes upw>ds4 ,a l>ge pot w accommodate sev]al roots4 ,babiana4--,treat 9 ! same mann] z ! ,ixia4 ,begonia1 ,tub]\s-root$4--,lift ! plants :i* are 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & pot !m to complete _! season 9 ! gre5h\se2 b if !y are n want$ = ?is purpose1 !y may rema9 9 ! b$s until ,octob]4 ,:5 ! /ems fall1 /ill reta9 ! bulbs 9 _! own pots1 & /ore !m 9 a dry cell> or %$1 "u a lay] ( cocoa-nut fibre4 ,!y ne$ protection f bo? damp & cold4 ,nei!r hurry ! dry+ (f ( ! roots1 nor attempt to =ce ! gr[? 9 spr+1 b wait until !y />t naturally4 ,calceol>ias ought n[ to be 9 l>ge #fj-pots1 plac$ close to ! glass to insure a dw>f habit4 ,dur+ %>p wea!r !y may be tak5 d[n1 b %\ld be re/or$ imm$iately ! dang] is pa/4 ,mu* heat 9 w9t] w be injuri\s2 a range ( #de to #ee %\ld be consid]$ ! limits ( v>iation 9 temp]ature4 ,pot ! plants on z gr[? dem&s4 ,crocus4--,= indoor decoration1 two or ?ree sep>ate lots %\ld be pott$ at int]vals ( a =tnight2 & ! nam$ v>ieties are wor? ?is mode ( treatm5t1 bo? = ! size ( _! fl[]s & = ! exceptional brightness & div]sity ( _! col\rs4 ,use a light ri* soil1 & put six to eight corms 9 a #dh-siz$ pot4 ,!y may also be gr[n 9 quantity 9 l>ge se$-pans or 9 %all[ boxes4 ,:5 com+ into fl[]1 ! roots may be fre$ f soil to facilitate ! pack+ into ornam5tal baskets or vases4 ,cr[n ,imp]ial4--,?is bulb requires a ri* loamy soil & an op5 position to br+ x to p]fection4 ,/ill1 x w fl[] satisfactorily 9 a %rubb]y1 or "u ! %ade ( trees2 &1 s f> z ! roots are conc]n$1 !re is no occasion to divide !m m ?an once 9 ?ree seasons4 ,plant dur+ ?is mon?1 & on to ! beg9n+ ( ,novemb]4 ,cyclam5s 9 pots w pay = an occasional dose ( weak manure wat]4 ,%ut ! plants up 9 good "t on *illy ev5+s4 ,if a s[+ ( se$ 0 n made la/ mon? x %\ld be put 9 )\t delay4 ,! h>dy v>ieties1 su* z ,c4 europum & ,c4 ,c\m1 are cultivat$ out ( doors2 & 9 "s ( ! w>m] di/ricts ( ! ,s\? ( ,engl& ! ,p]sian v>ieties c also be successfully gr[n 9 ! op54 ,!y are suitable = rockwork1 or = little nooks & %elt]$ corn]s1 9 :i* "s g>d5s ab\nd4 ,= _! success good dra9age1 a w>m position1 & pl5ty ( wat] 9 dry wea!r are ess5tial4 ,septemb] & ,octob] are ! be/ mon?s = plant+ out4 ,dog's-too? ,violet4--,= small b$s1 or 9 front ( a rock]y1 ^! compact & int]e/+ little plants are valuable = spr+ fl[]+1 & are wor? cultivat+ = _! foliage alone4 ,!y also succe$ 9 pots1 & ?rive 9 peat1 or 9 s&y loam & leaf-m\ld4 ,a #dh-siz$ pot w accommodate five bulbs4 ,freesia4--,t[>ds ! end ( ! mon? ^! bulbs w be ready = removal to a cool gre5h\se or cold pit4 ,no heat is requir$--m]ely protection f fro/ & excessive moi/ure4 ,! /ems are s sl5d] t support mu/ be giv5 e>ly4 ,z ! plants d n be> re-pott+1 ! dang] ( exhau/$ soil c be met by adm9i/]+ weak manure wat] occasionally4 ,fritill>ias belong to ! same ord] z ! ,cr[n ,imp]ial1 & ! conditions :i* suit t plant w answ] = all ! ,fritill>ias4 ,! bulbs ?rive 9 a deep loam1 & !y are q h>dy4 ,gladiolus4--,! pott+ ( ! e>ly-fl[]+ v>ieties %\ld be comm5c$ ?is mon? & cont9u$ accord+ to requirem5ts4 ,z ! corms ( ^! ,gladioli are small1 sev]al may be plac$ 9 a #cb-siz$ pot4 ,no great am\nt ( heat is want$ = ^! fl[]s1 a temp]ature ( ab\t #ee be+ q suffici5t = !m4 ,glox9ia4--,z ! season ( re/ approa*es1 place ! plants 9 any airy position1 & gradually r$uce ! supply ( wat] until ! leaves fall (f4 ,! bulbs may be /or$ = ! w9t] 9 peat or 9 dry moss4 ,! majority ( gr[]s1 h[ev]1 nev] /ore a bulb1 b rely entirely on se$l+s rais$ annually4 ,hyac9?4--,to gr[ ?is fl[] successfully 9 glasses dem&s no horticultural skill1 = *ildr5 (t5 produce v cr$itable specim5s4 ,x only requires ! intellig5t application ( c]ta9 well-und]/ood pr9ciples4 ,l all o!r bulbs1 ! ,hyac9? %\ld =m its roots be=e top-gr[? beg9s4 ,! fl[] is cultivat$ 9 wat] = two reasons3 ! pleasure d]iv$ f see+ ! entire plant1 & ! decorative value insur$ by ?is mode ( treat+ x4 ,z d>kness ret>ds top-gr[?1 b does n delay ! production ( roots1 x is usual to place ! glasses 9 a cool cell>2 & if ?is happ5s to be airy z well z cool & d>k1 !re is no bett] place 9 :i* to />t ! bulbs4 ,/ill1 x mu/ be admitt$ t d>kness is n ess5tial = ! developm5t ( roots4 ,b d>kness & coolness alike t5d to delay ! gr[? ( foliage until roots are =m$4 ,!re=e1 if ! cultivator resolves to h ! plants 9 view f ! comm5cem5t1 he mu/ place !m 9 a l[ & uni=m temp]ature4 ,! wat] %\ld always be pure & bright1 al?\gh x mu/ n q t\* ! bulb1 or ! latt] w rot4 ,wires to support ! fl[]s are necess>y1 & ^? :i* are manufactur$ expressly = ! purpose are bo? neat & effective4 ,a r l[ temp]ature1 & free access ( pure air1 %\ld be reg>d$ z necess>y conditions ( heal? 9 all /ages ( gr[?4 ,h5ce x w be obvi\s t a mantelpiece1 ) its fluctuations ( heat & cold1 is a mo/ unsuitable position = ! glasses4 ,we %\ld l to add1 t not)/&+ ! high qualities ( ! ,hyac9?1 x is q a cottag]'s fl[]4 ,= pot culture ! ,hyac9? is a gr& subject4 ,prep>e ! pots c>efully z to dra9age1 & fill !m ) a light1 ri*1 por\s compo/4 ,remove a little soil f ! c5tral surface1 & into ?is holl[ lightly press ! bulb1 & press ! soil some:at firmly r\nd x1 leav+ ab\t half ! bulb visible4 ,if too mu* p[] is employ$1 ! soil w be s compact t :5 ! roots beg9 to gr[1 in/ead ( p5etrat+1 !y w lift ! bulb out ( its prop] position4 ,!re is always "s risk ( ?is1 & x acc\nts = ! practice ( heap+ ov] ! pots a consid]able weight ( a%es4 ,( c\rse ?is cov]+ s]ves a second purpose 9 *eck+ leaf-gr[? until ! roots are e/abli%$4 ,any cool & safe position w answ] = /or+ ! pots at ?is /age4 ,= ! e>lie/ supply ( fl[]s select s+le v>ieties1 z ^! naturally come into bloom some:at 9 advance ( ! d\bles4 ,:5 ! tops beg9 to gr[1 remove ! pots to a gre5h\se or frame1 & subdue ! light = a brief p]iod until ! natural col\r is ga9$4 ,!nce transf] to ! =c+-pit z requirem5ts dem&2 & !y w ne$ a week or t5 days to prep>e !m = use4 ,x is easy to secure a cont9u\s supply ( ,hyac9?s f ,*ri/mas onw>ds by =c+ successive bat*es ( roots until ! f9al display w come into fl[] )\t artificial assi/ance4 ,to augm5t ! beauty ( ! fl[]s employ z little heat z may be necess>y1 & def] ! f9i%+ temp]ature until ! late/ mom5t possible4 ,= g5]al decorative purposes1 small pots w be f\nd extremely conv5i5t :5 a brilliant display is want$ 9 a limit$ compass2 good specim5s c be gr[n 9 ! #dh-size1 b = exhibition ! #cb-size mu/ be resort$ to4 ,nei!r 9 pots nor 9 glasses %\ld ! bulbs be all[$ to s5d up leaves f betwe5 ! out] scales2 ^! rob ! c5tral gr[?1 & !y %\ld be c>efully remov$ ) a %>p knife4 ,hyac9?s1 ,italian & ,roman1 %\ld be pott$ 9 successive bat*es to provide a cont9u\s supply4 ,:5 ! roots are =m$ ! pots may be remov$ to a pit or frame1 & to ! =c+ temp]ature z ! buds %[4 ,if !y h be5 br\ght on gradually1 a v few days 9 a w>m pit or h\se w ?r[ !m into bloom4 ,x is a s\rce ( a/oni%m5t to u t ^! fl[]s are n m ext5sively gr[n 9 private g>d5s4 ,imm5se numb]s are annually consign$ to ! ,london m>kets1 & f9d a ready sale = b\quets & table decoration4 ,( c\rse ^! ,hyac9?s w n be> comp>ison ) ! spl5did nam$ v>ieties :i* come lat]1 b ! ,italian & ,roman classes are ready at a "t :5 fl[]s are sc>ce & valuable4 ,l o!r bulbs ( ! same class1 !y may be %ak5 out ( _! own pots & transf]r$ to ornam5tal contrivances4 ,iris4--,! tub]\s v>ieties are all p]fectly h>dy1 & may be plant$ at any "t f ,augu/ to ,decemb]4 ,put into light soil ?ree in*es deep & n9e in*es ap>t !y w give no tr\ble1 except to lift & divide !m e second or ?ird season4 ,ixia4--,babianas1 ,ixias1 & ,sp>axis may all be treat$ 9 precisely ! same mann]4 ,9 %elt]$ di/ricts 9 ! ,s\!rn c\nties !y c be gr[n 9 ! op5 gr\nd2 b o!rwise ! culture mu/ be 9 pots "u ! %elt] ( a frame or gre5h\se4 ,a #dh-siz$ pot w hold f\r or five bulbs1 & !y w ?rive 9 any soil :i* conta9s a l>ge proportion ( s&4 ,9 spr+ !y may be transf]r$ to a s&y bord]1 or !y c be kept 9 pots = a c\ple ( ye>s :5 well manag$4 ,jonquil4--,! treatm5t recomm5d$ = ,n>cissus w suit ?is highly p]fum$ fl[]1 bo? = =c+ & 9 ! op5 gr\nd4 ,n>cissus4--,x is undesirable to hold ^! bulbs 9 a dry condition long] ?an is necess>y1 & ^? int5d$ = pot culture %\ld be got 9 promptly4 ,a l[ temp]ature mu/ be reli$ on = keep+ back su* z are int5d$ to fl[] late4 ,! ,d\ble ,roman & ! ,pap] ,:ite naturally come into bloom 9 advance ( o!r sorts1 & ^! %\ld be select$ = ! e>lie/ display4 ,give !m a ri* por\s soil1 & pot !m r firmly1 b n s firmly z to r5d] x impossible = ! roots to p5etrate1 or ! bulb w be rais$ above ! soil4 ,place !m 9 a cool spot1 cov]$ ) suitable mat]ial to keep ! bulbs 9 _! places1 & to prev5t ! foliage f />t+ prematurely4 ,:5 top-gr[? comm5ces1 ! pots mu/ g into "s h\se or frame :]e !y c progress sl[ly until ! mom5t arrives = =c+ !m4 ,if ! buds j %[1 ab\t a week 9 a bottom heat ( #fe w suffice to br+ !m to p]fection4 ,a succession c be br\ght =w>d at int]vals by ! same means1 until ! f9al lot w fl[] )\t artificial aid4 ,& = ! com=t ( ^? :o d n possess heat+ app>atus1 we may add t ! fl[]s gr[n naturally w probably be f9] ?an ^? :i* h be5 =c$4 ,n>cissus may also be gr[n 9 glasses 9 ! mann] recomm5d$ = ,hyac9?s1 or 9 b[ls & o!r suitable receptacles fill$ ) moss-fibre4 ,9 ! op5 gr\nd ,n>cissus %\ld be plant$ 9 quantity1 especially 9 spots :]e x appe>s to be naturally at home1 & "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ effects is obta9$ by putt+ !m 9 ! r\gh grass adjo9+ %rubb]y bord]s4 ,in/ead ( cutt+ ! grass1 x mu/ be all[$ to ?r[ up fl[]-heads1 & ?is af=ds ! bulbs "t to mature 9 read9ess = ! foll[+ season4 ,! _m =ms ( ,d\ble & ,s+le ,daffodil are effective bord] fl[]s1 & ! num]\s v>ieties ( ,n>cissus %\ld be gr[n 9 clumps & pat*es 9 e spot :i* is suitable & vacant4 ,9 ! res]ve bord] ( _m g>d5s l>ge numb]s ( ,pheasant's ,eye & o!r ,n>cissus are plant$ to supply fl[]s = cutt+4 ,!y are peculi>ly valuable = ! purpose1 & if cut :5 sc>cely ready !y w develop 9 wat]1 & la/ = _m days4 ,9 plant+1 be guid$ z to di/ance by ! size ( ! bulb1 all[+ f\r or five in*es betwe5 small sorts1 & six to n9e in*es = l>ge v>ieties2 dep?1 six to n9e in*es4 ,oxalis4--,except 9 a few %elt]$ di/ricts1 x w be necess>y to cultivate ?is exce$+ly pretty fl[] 9 frames1 or 9 a sunny1 airy gre5h\se4 ,x may also be =c$ 9 ! /ove ) success4 ,put sev]al bulbs 9 a pot1 & give !m a light soil ) pl5ty ( s& 9 x4 ,sn[drop4--,x does n improve ! roots ( ?is exquisite little fav\rite to keep !m out ( ! gr\nd1 & !y %\ld1 if possible1 be plant$ e>ly4 ,sp>axis ne$s ! same treatm5t z advis$ = ! ,ixia4 ,sweet ,pea4--,exhibitors ( ,sweet ,peas & ^? :o endeav\r to secure ! f9e/ sprays = decorative purposes1 comm5ce ! prep>ation ( ! gr\nd dur+ ! pres5t mon? & incur :atev] exp5se may be necess>y to insure a deep b$ ( ri* friable loam 9 :i* ! roots c ramify freely4 ,x is also ! practice to s[ se$s ab\t ! middle ( ,septemb] 9 ord] to provide /urdy well-root$ plants 9 read9ess = transf] to ! prep>$ plots 9 e>ly spr+4 ,ei!r pots or boxes may be us$1 & a frame is suffici5t to br+ ! se$l+s safely ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,! me?od is dealt ) 9 detail on page #cje4 ,f mid-,septemb] to ! end ( ,octob]1 accord+ to ! locality1 is an excell5t "t = s[+ ,sweet ,peas outdoors :]e ! soil is light & ! situation fairly w>m4 ,plants f autumn-s[n se$ are g5]ally m robu/ & produce f9] fl[]s ?an ^? rais$ f se$ s[n 9 ! op5 9 spr+4 ,tropolum tub]osum4--,9 pott+ ! tub]\s v>ieties1 insure effici5t dra9age1 & use a compo/ ( ri* light loam mix$ ) s&4 ,! foliage w trail ov] ! sides ( wire baskets ) graceful effect1 b x may be tra9$ ar\nd balloon-%ap$ wires specially made = ^! fl[]s4 ,! bulbs rema9 dormant all ?r\gh ! w9t]1 & may be />t$ at any "t f ,septemb] to ,m>*4 ,tulip4--,! e>ly class ( ,tulips is ( great value = =c+ because ( _! brilliant col\rs & elegant =ms4 ,!y take k9dly to a high temp]ature1 b =c+ %\ld n be comm5c$ too e>ly1 nor %\ld ! heat be all[$ to exce$ #fe at ! f9i%4 ,plung+ is ! mo/ satisfactory me?od4 ,sev]al bulbs may be put into "o pot1 b x is m conv5i5t to gr[ !m s+ly1 s t fl[]s 9 exactly ! same /age ( developm5t may be select$ = use at "o "t4 ,a cont9u\s supply may be secur$ by pott+ bat*es at %ort int]vals4 ,:5 9 bloom ! roots c be wa%$ free f soil = plac+ 9 vases4 ,decay$ turf1 ) decompos$ c[-manure & a proportion ( s&1 make an excell5t pott+ soil = ,tulips1 & x w be all ! m suitable if laid up 9 a heap = twelve mon?s aft] be+ mix$4 ,,octob] ,anemone4--,! tub]\s-root$ ,anemones may be plant$ 9 ! op5 at any "t f ,septemb] to ,m>*1 & f successive plant+s a cont9u\s display w be obta9$ f ,febru>y until f> into spr+4 ,= ! *oice nam$ v>ieties x is cu/om>y = speciali/s to make elaborate prep>ations1 into :i* we ne$ n ent] "h4 ,spl5did fl[]s c be gr[n 9 clumps & b$s 9 ord9>y g>d5s by deep digg+1 & ! employm5t ( a lib]al dress+ ( decay$ c[-manure4 ,plant ! roots f f\r to six in*es ap>t1 & at a uni=m dep? ( ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,9 a heavy1 ret5tive soil x is n advisable to risk a collection ( nam$ ,anemones until ,janu>y1 unless a deep lay] ( light compo/ c be plac$ 9 ! drills :]e ! roots are to be plant$4 ,annuals1 ,h>dy4--,on light soils x w be safe to transplant ^! n[2 b on heavy l& ! risk is too great1 & we advise wait+ until ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,lift ! plants ) z mu* soil atta*$ to ! roots z possible4 ,crocus4--,sev]al fl[]s bloom 9 advance (1 or z e>ly z1 ! ,crocus2 b no o!r bulb ( its own p]iod c comp>e ) x = brightness & effective col\r+4 ,plant dur+ ?is mon? & ,novemb]1 9 gr\ps & patt]ns :]ev] !re is a vacant plot & bulbs c be f\nd to fill x4 ,put !m 9 at a uni=m dep? ( ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,drills are easy to draw1 & are bett] = ! bulbs ?an ! objectionable plan ( dibbl+4 ,cyclam5 se$ may be s[n aga9 ?is mon?4 ,if prop]ly gr[n1 se$l+s rais$ n[ w bloom spl5didly next autumn4 ,f]r>ia4--,see ,tigridia1 page #cgi4 ,gladiolus4--,by ! end ( ! mon? lift roots :i* h fl[]$1 ev5 if ! /ems are /ill gre54 ,label !m1 & hang 9 an airy place to dry4 ,a little lat] remove ! foliage ) a %>p knife4 ,!n lay out ! roots = ab\t a =tnight1 & :5 ready /ore !m 9 pap] bags or boxes plac$ on a dry %elf1 secure f v]m94 ,hollyhock4--,9 fav\r$ di/ricts & 9 light soil x w be safe to w9t] ?is plant 9 ! op5 gr\nd ) m]ely ! protection ( a little dry litt]4 ,b 9 damp adhesive l& x is p]il\s1 & a cold frame w af=d ! requisite protection until ,may returns4 ,hyac9?4--,consid]+ ! magnific5t appe>ance ( ?is fl[]1 its culture is mo/ simple4 ,any fairly good g>d5 soil :i* is n too damp 9 w9t] w gr[ x2 & ! bulbs may be plant$ 9 clumps or b$s 9 any design or arrangem5t ( col\r t ta/e may dictate4 ,at six in*es ap>t !re w be a brilliant display1 b ! di/ance is q optional4 ,! cr[ns ( ! bulbs %\ld n be less ?an f\r or m ?an six in*es bel[ ! surface2 ! great] dep? w slightly ret>d ! fl[]+4 ,:5 plant$ !y w give no m tr\ble until ! "t arrives = lift+ !m to make room = o!r occupants4 ,hyac9?1 ,fea!r1 is an exce$+ly beautiful bord] fl[] dur+ ,may & e>ly 9 ,june4 ,! /ems are f n9e to fifte5 in*es high1 & c>ry fl[]s ^: petals are cut into sl5d] filam5ts4 ,x w gr[ 9 pots & 9 ! op51 9 any soil :i* suits ,hyac9?s4 ,plant a good numb] 9 ea* gr\p4 ,hyac9?1 ,grape4--,an int]e/+ d>k blue fl[]1 :i* %\ld be freely gr[n 9 mix$ bord]s to bloom 9 ,april4 ,s+ly x is useless2 plant good-siz$ clumps 9 soil :i* answ]s = bulbs4 ,hyac9?s1 ,m9iature1 are ! delight ( *ildr51 9 ^: hon\r _m ( ! v>ieties are nam$4 ,except = _! dim9utive size1 !y are 9 all respects equal to _! l>g] relations4 ,! culture 9 pots1 glasses1 & b$s is simil> to t advis$ = ! full-siz$ roots1 save t ! plant+ 9 op5 gr\nd ne$ n be q s deep1 ?ree in*es ( soil ov] ! cr[ns be+ suffici5t4 ,hyac9?s1 ,italian & ,roman4--,uncov] ! pots conta9+ ! e>lie/ plant+1 & at fir/ place !m 9 a dimly light$ position4 ,! application ( heat w dep5d on ! "t ! fl[]s are want$2 b :5 ! plants are =w>d en\gh1 plunge !m 9 a temp]ature ( #fe1 & 9 ab\t a week !y w be ready = use4 ,la*5alias r>ely atta9 ! proportions !y are capable ( = want ( wat] 9 _! gr[+ /ate4 ,!y ?rive 9 peat1 & may be =c$ into fl[] at almo/ any season4 ,except 9 w>m & %elt]$ g>d5s1 !y mu/ n be plant$ 9 ! op54 ,yet only suffici5t w>m? is requir$ to keep fro/ at bay4 ,leucojums are p]fectly h>dy bulbs :i* w gr[ 9 any g>d54 ,! fl[]s resemble ,sn[drops1 b are mu* l>g]4 ,plant 9 d5se gr\ps4 ,n>cissus4--,f ! natural *>act]i/ics ( ?is bulb x is desirable t x %\ld be plant$ e>ly4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 x is impossible1 consi/5tly ) o!r arrangem5ts1 ei!r to pot or to plant ,n>cissus be=e ,octob] or ,novemb]4 ,9 su* cases x is consol+ to "k t f s\nd1 well-rip5$ roots good fl[]s may be confid5tly anticipat$1 ev5 f late plant+s4 ,orni?ogalum4--,9 ! op5 ?is bulb mu/ h "s protection dur+ w9t]1 to save its l>ge fle%y roots f injury by fro/4 ,a heap ( light manure or dry litt] w answ] ! purpose4 ,plant six in*es deep4 ,scilla prcox c be gr[n almo/ any:]e1 & 9 a light ri* soil x blooms pr(usely4 ,! bulbs w safely pass ! sev]e/ w9t] 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & fl[] 9 ,febru>y or ,m>*4 ,! exact "t dep5ds on ! climate & position4 ,9 %elt]$ spots & mild di/ricts !y w naturally bloom e>li] ?an 9 bleak & expos$ qu>t]s4 ,plant 9 masses or l9es1 & ! bulbs may rema9 undi/urb$ = ye>s4 ,a d5se r[ makes an exce$+ly beautiful backgr\nd to ,sn[drops4 ,! o!r ,scillas are equally h>dy & valuable1 & !y all fl[] ) great fre$om4 ,triteleia uniflora is a h&some :ite-fl[]+ h>dy bulb1 :i* w gr[ freely 9 any g>d54 ,x is adapt$ = ! company ( any ( ! dw>f-gr[+ bulbs1 & may be employ$ 9 ei!r l9es or clumps4 ,plant ! roots ?ree in*es ap>t & two in*es deep4 ,tub]oses are valu$ = ! purity ( _! :ite fl[]s1 & = ! agreeable p]fume !y exhale4 ,! bulbs may be pott$ s+ly or ?ree 9 a pot4 ,!y ?rive 9 a compo/ ( loam & leaf-m\ld1 & ne$ a bottom heat rang+ betwe5 #fj & #gj to br+ !m to p]fection4 ,! ,african bulbs are g5]ally ready 9 ,septemb] & ! importations f ,am]ica arrive 9 ,decemb] & ,janu>y4 ,tulips may be plant$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd at any "t dur+ ! mon?4 ,we %all say no?+ z to ! arrangem5t ( col\rs1 nor z to ! =m ( ! b$s1 = bo? po9ts admit ( endless div]sity4 ,! mix$ bord] may be enliv5$ ) gr\ps ( _m v>ieties1 & if !y are judici\sly select$1 !re w be a succession ( fl[]s = sev]al weeks 9 ! spr+4 ,wallfl[]4--,aft] ! summ] b$d+ plants are cle>$1 ,wallfl[]s may be usefully employ$ to fill b$s ) gre5 foliage all ! w9t]4 ,!y w fl[] freely 9 spr+1 :5 _! col\r & fragrance w be especially welcome1 & !y c be remov$ 9 "t to make way = a diff]5t display = ! summ]4 ,w9t] ,aconite is n dismay$ by fro/ or sn[1 b w put =? its gold5 blossoms 9 ! dre>ie/ days ( ,febru>y1 & aft] ! fl[]s h pass$ away ! foliage w rema9 z an ornam5t4 ,to put 9 s+le roots is useless2 x is f> bett] to plant a few l>ge pat*es ?an to fritt] away ! fl[] 9 a numb] ( small & inconspicu\s gr\ps4 ,,novemb] ,cyclam54--,:]e !re is a l>ge dem& = ?is fl[]1 ano!r s[+ may be made ?is mon?1 unless x 0 done 9 ,octob]4 ,) s important a subject x is n wise to dep5d on a s+le v5ture4 ,! se$l+s w af=d a valuable succession to ^? />t$ 9 ,augu/4 ,gladiolus4--,! soil :i* answ]s be/ = ! autumn-fl[]+ section is a m$ium friable loam1 ) a cool ri* subsoil4 ,a light loam c be made suitable by tr5*+1 & putt+ a ?ick lay] ( c[-manure at ! bottom ( ea* tr5*4 ,& a heavy soil may be r$uc$ to ! prop] condition by ! free admixture ( light loam or s&4 ,autumn is ! prop] "t = do+ ?is "w1 & ! gr\nd %\ld be left r\gh1 s t x may b5efit by w9t] fro/s4 ,wireworms are deadly enemies to ! ,gladiolus corms1 & an ef=t %\ld be made to cle> !m out4 ,happily1 !y w flock to traps su* z ,potatoes & ,rape cake1 & _! de/ruction is a m]e "q ( daily att5tion4 ,plant+ mu/1 ( c\rse1 be def]r$ until spr+4 ,hyac9?us c&icans is g5]ally gr[n 9 ! company ( o!r fl[]s :i* atta9 to some?+ l its own impos+ proportions4 ,9 good soil ! spikes gr[ ?ree feet high4 ,x may be plant$ f ?is "t until ,m>*4 ,lilies are an ornam5t to ! cottage g>d51 & !y grace ! gr&e/ cons]vatory4 ,_m ( ! mo/ sup]b v>ieties1 includ+ ! k+ ( all ! race1 ,l4 auratum1 c be magnific5tly fl[]$ 9 ! op5 bord]2 & we h se5 f9e specim5s ( ! ,lancifolium v>ieties gr[n 9 pots )\t ! aid ( pit or frame4 ,x is !re=e obvi\s t !re are no difficulties 9 ! culture ( ,lilies4 ,9 bord]s ! be/ soil = !m is a deep1 ri*1 moi/ loam4 ,peat & leaf-m\ld also answ]2 b a /iff clay w n d unless x has be5 cultivat$ & mix$ ) light] /uff4 ,plant ! roots at lea/ six in*es deep1 at any "t !y are 9 a dormant /ate1 or c be obta9$ 9 pots4 ,_! position 9 ! bord] %\ld be cle>ly m>k$1 or ! roots may su/a9 injury :5 ! soil is =k$ ov]4 ,! noble appe>ance ( ,l4 auratum w always comm& = x a prom95t place 9 ! cons]vatory or gre5h\se4 ,x w gr[ 9 s&y peat1 or 9 a mixture ( loam1 leaf-m\ld1 & s&4 ,! bulb %\ld be put into a small pot at fir/4 ,:5 ?is is full ( roots1 transf] to a l>g] size1 & %ift occasionally until ! fl[]-buds appe>1 :5 re-pott+ mu/ cease4 ,a cool h\se w br+ ! plant to p]fection1 al?\gh x w be> a high temp]ature if want$ e>ly4 ,dur+ gr[? wat] mu/ be giv5 freely & be gradually r$uc$ :5 ! fl[]+ season is ov]4 ,! ,lancifolium v>ieties require ! same treatm5t1 b x is usual to put sev]al 9 "o l>ge pot4 ,aft] ! fl[]+ is end$1 in/ead ( all[+ ! bulbs to become q dry1 keep !m moi/ en\gh to prev5t ! fibr\s roots f p]i%+1 & !y w />t ) all ! great] vig\r :5 ! "t arrives = repott+ next season4 ,lily ( ! ,valley4--,! =c+ ( ?is fav\rite fl[] g5]ally beg9s 9 ,novemb]1 & x is important to secure roots :i* are ?or\ghly matur$ = ! purpose4 ,!y mu/ be f9i%$ 9 a high temp]ature1 & if manag$ ) judgm5t !re w be pl5ty ( foliage to set (f ! long spikes ( *>m+ :ite bells4 ,:5 plant$ 9 ! op5 gr\nd a %ad$ spot %\ld be *os51 :i* mu/ be freely enri*$ ) leaf-m\ld1 & ! plants w n ne$ to be lift$ = f\r or five ye>s4 ,ranunculus4--,on a light dry soil1 :]e !re is no dang] ( ! roots su/a9+ injury dur+ w9t]1 ?is is a suitable "t = plant+ all ! v>ieties4 ,to d !m ju/ice ! l& mu/ be lib]ally dress$ ) decay$ manure1 & ! long] ! b$ c be made ready be=e plant+1 ! bett] w x answ]4 ,put ! roots 9 drills drawn six in*es ap>t & two in*es deep & cov] ) f9e soil4 ,= ret5tive l& x is advisable to def] plant+ until ,febru>y4 ,tritonia4--,p]haps ! be/ way ( treat+ ?is fl[] is to pot ! bulbs n[ or 9 ,decemb]1 & keep !m 9 frames until ,april1 :5 !y may be transf]r$ to ! op5 gr\nd4 ,a dry soil & a sunny spot %\ld be f\nd = !m4 ,tulip4--,!re is no bett] "t = plant+ ,tulips 9 b$s ?an ! fir/ half ( ?is mon?4 ,! bulbs %\ld be cov]$ ) f\r or five in*es ( soil accord+ to size1 & x is important t ea* k9d %\ld be put 9 at a uni=m dep? to insure a simultane\s display4 ,on a heavy soil draw deep drills1 & p>tially fill !m ) light compo/1 on :i* ! roots %\ld be plant$4 ,! late s+le v>ieties are ! ,tulips :i* 7 =m]ly s highly priz$ by flori/s4 ,= ^! bulbs x 0 ! cu/om to prep>e ! soil ) extraord9>y c>e :5 ! ,tulip craze 0 at its height4 ,aft] ! amaz+ folly ( pay+ #cjjl4 = a s+le bulb1 ! m9or folly ( extravagance 9 prep>+ ! soil may be readily p>don$4 ,happily t phase ( ! bus9ess has pass$ away1 & h&some ,tulips are n[ gr[n )\t su* a prodigal exp5diture ( money & lab\r4 ,! site = ?is fl[] %\ld be sunny1 ! soil fairly ri*1 & ! dra9age good4 ,) ^! conditions insur$1 & roots :i* are s\nd & d5se1 x is easy to obta9 a magnific5t %[ ( ,tulips4 ,zephyran!s ,c&ida c be gr[n 9 any soil1 & if possible ! bulbs %\ld be plant$ 9 "s spot :]e !y may rema9 unmole/$ ?r\gh sev]al seasons4 ,! fl[]s appe> ab\t ! end ( ,july1 resembl+ a ,:ite ,crocus 9 =m1 & ! bloom+ cont9ues until cold wea!r sets 94 ,plant+ may be done betwe5 ,novemb] & ,m>*4 ,,decemb] ,only ! idle or ! half-he>t$ g>d5] w compla9 t he has no "w to d 9 ! %ort d>k days ( ?is mon?4 ,al?\gh !re may be little or no?+ to plant or s[1 & few fl[]s ne$ repott+1 yet !re are soils to obta9 & /ore = future use2 =m] heaps to turn ov] & remake2 dead leaves to remove f plants 9 pits & h\ses2 /akes & neat /icks to prep>e = subjects :i* w ne$ support by-&-by2 b$s & bord]s to enri*1 & _m o!r duties to p]=m4 ,9 ! ev5+s1 too1 !re are new comb9ations & fre% h>monies 9 col\r to be design$ = b$s & gr\ps 9 bord]s2 ! requirem5ts = ! com+ season to consid] :ile exp]i5ce ga9$ dur+ ! clos+ ye> is /ill fre% 9 ! memory2 ! position ( plants 9 pits & frames & h\ses to =eca/1 s t ! plan ( ! summ] campaign may be cle>ly und]/ood1 & all ! res\rces ( ! g>d5 be "u intellig5t control4 ,! fluctuations ( ! !rmomet] h also to be wat*$1 & means adopt$ to save plants f injury by a sudd5 fall ( temp]ature4 ,altoge!r1 !re are abundant s\rces ( pr(itable employm5t = ^? :o h a m9d to "w4 ,bulbs1 su* z ,hyac9?s1 ,tulips1 ,crocuses1 c41 :i* h n be5 plant$1 w h comm5c$ gr[+1 not)/&+ ! precautions tak5 to prev5t x1 ?us %[+ t !y ought to be 9 ! gr\nd4 ,! gr[? has be5 made at ! exp5se ( ! bulb itself1 = !re are no fibr\s roots f :i* to draw support4 ,!re=e x c sc>cely be expect$ t ! fl[]s f v late plant+s w be q s good z ! same bulbs w\ld h produc$ _h !y be5 put 9 at an e>li] p]iod4 ,/ill !re are cases :5 ! delay is unavoidable1 & x is reassur+ to "k t s\nd bulbs c>efully set at ! prop] dep? w produce fl[]s only 9 a degree inf]ior to ^? f e>li] plant+s4 ,bulbs 9 /ore1 su* z ,begonia1 ,dahlia1 ,gladiolus1 & ,glox9ia1 %\ld be pass$ 9 review4 ,exam9ation w almo/ c]ta9ly reveal "s uns\nd specim5s1 & _! removal may save valuable companions f _! contam9at+ influ5ce4 ,?is practice %\ld be foll[$ up ab\t once a =tnight until all are ev5tually plant$4 ,,! ,,pe/s ,,( ,,g>d5 ,,plants ,! life-hi/ory ( plant pe/s & gr\nd v]m91 ) ! be/ means ( sav+ v>i\s crops f _! ravages1 are dealt ) 9 a s]ies ( valuable leaflets issu$ by ! ,m9i/ry ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies4 ,^! leaflets embrace a v l>ge numb] ( subjects1 sev]al ( :i* belong to ! f>m & ! or*>d & are beyond ! scope ( ! pres5t volume4 ,o!rs are r>ely met )1 b conc]n+ ^? :i* are common to ! majority ( g>d5s we (f] in=mation :i* w1 we hope1 enable read]s to safegu>d _! crops f disa/]4 ,:5 adv]se wea!r op]ates injuri\sly on vegetation ! plagues t infe/ g>d5 plants usually acquire increas$ p[] 9 proportion to ! degree ( debility to :i* vegetation is r$uc$4 ,?is circum/ance p]fectly accords ) ! g5]al law ( ,nature1 & is full ( in/ruction z to ! means ( sav+ plants f s]i\s injury by v]m94 ,! ke51 dry ea/ w9d t s (t5 jeop>dises fruit crops is usually foll[$ by visitations ( fly & maggot1 & 9 ?is case ! cause is beyond human p[] or =e?\ght4 ,b neglect ( wat]+ & air-giv+ to pot plants c be avoid$4 ,good cultivation n only insures f9e specim5s1 b is (t5 ! means ( prev5t+ ! plants f fail+ "u ! attacks ( ,aphis1 ,mealy ,bug1 & o!r enemies aga9/ :i* ! g>d5] has to fight an unceas+ battle4 ,insects are among ! fraile/ ( liv+ creatures & !y p]i% at a t\*4 ,z !y brea! ?r\gh ! pores ( ! sk91 wat] alone--! promot] ( life & cleanl9ess--is dea? to !m2 & !y are /ill m subject to sure de/ruction :5 to ! wat] is add$ an active poison1 su* z tobacco1 or a sub/ance t adh]es to !m & /ops ! process ( brea?+1 su* z glue1 clay1 sulphur1 s(t soap1 & ! num]\s prep>ations t are specially made to annihilate insect ho/s4 ,! v>i\s /ages ?r\gh :i* ! l>g] insects pass place !m )9 our p[] at "s p]iod ( _! exi/5ce4 ,! butt]fly may float beyond ! rea* ( h>m1 b 9 ! cat]pill> or ! *rysalis /ate x c be dealt ) effectually4 ,aga91 we may be p[]less to de/roy ! ,*af] grubs z !y fe$ or hib]nate b5ea? turf1 b 9 _! p]fect /ate z ,cock*af]s or ,rose ,*af]s _m may be beat5 d[n dur+ quiet ev5+s1 & o!rs c be %ak5 f ,roses at dawn or sunset4 ,a k ( ! life-hi/ory ( injuri\s insects w sugge/ :at is to be done & ! "r "t = do+ x1 s t (t5 by simple treatm5t !y may be de/roy$4 ,! exp5se ( prep>+ mixtures & wa%es may be 9 "s degree less5$ by economy ( application4 ,a dr5*+-bo>d fitt$ on a firm frame1 %\ld be provid$ 9 e place :]e plant-gr[+ is c>ri$ on to any ext5t4 ,! bo>d %\ld slope f a re/+ ridge at ! base4 ,! plant 9 its pot may be laid on ! bo>d1 ) ! bottom ( ! pot aga9/ ! re/+ ridge1 & a pail %\ld be put to cat* ! liquid us$ z x dra9s f ! plant aft] syr++4 ,e g5]al wa%+ or fumigat+ %\ld be foll[$ by ano!r at an int]val ( f a week to a =tnight1 because1 al?\gh ! fir/ op]ation may kill e insect1 !re w be _m liv+ eggs left1 & ^! r5ew ! race1 & v soon br+ ! plants into z bad a /ate z ev]1 unless consign$ to a happy despat* z _! p>5ts 74 ,9 "s cases x w be m economical to fe$ ?an to de/roy ! v]m92 &1 z a rule1 fe$+ v]m9 does n add to _! numb]s1 9 ! same or any future season1 = insect life is s /rangely dep5d5t on c]ta9 conditions ( temp]ature1 c41 t if ! season is n fav\rable to a p>ticul> k9d x w be sc>ce1 no matt] h[ pl5tiful x may h be5 9 a previ\s ye>4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,turnip ,fly1 fe$+ is frequ5tly ! *eape/ & sure/ way ( sav+ ! crop4 ,x is cu/om>y ) ,dahlia-gr[]s1 &1 inde$1 ) ! gr[]s ( flori/s' fl[]s g5]ally1 to s[ ,lettuces :]e ! fl[]s are to be plant$1 = s long z ,lettuces are on ! spot ,slugs & ,snails w pref] !m to o!r food4 ,z ! ,lettuces !mselves s]ve ! purpose ( traps1 ! ,snails & ,slugs congregat$ ab\t !m may1 t[>ds ev5+1 be caught & de/roy$4 ,9 us+ a mixture = ! fir/ "t1 x is advisable to try x on "o plant only1 & t1 ( c\rse1 ! wor/ 9 ! collection affect$4 ,if ! prep>ation is too /rong1 ! tru? w be decl>$ by ! /ate ( ! plant )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 ?us a little caution may prev5t a great loss4 ,ano!r good rule is to employ ! sev]al rem$ies 9 a r weak /ate until exp]i5ce has be5 ga9$1 = n only has ! /r5g? ( ! m$ic9e to be consid]$1 b ! managem5t ( ! pati5t be=e & aft] x is adm9i/]$4 ,x is above all ?+s important to be ?or\gh 9 ! cleans+ ( plants1 because !y succumb rapidly to ! attacks ( insects1 & %\ld be effectually & promptly clean$ or consign$ to ! fire4 ,if left 9 a f\l /ate !y spread ! infection to all ar\nd4 ,9 ! space at our comm& x is only possible to notice a few ( ! g>d5 pe/s1 & we beg9 ) "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t & tr\blesome ( plant foes4 ,aphis 9 "s =m or o!r is ! mo/ p]si/5t & p]plex+ ( plant pe/s4 ,! ,gre5 ,fly is ! enemy ( ! s(t] k9ds ( vegetation1 & ! ,blue & ! ,black ,fly are common plagues ( ! ,pea*-h\se & ! or*>d4 ,! t5d] body ( ! ,aphis is in/antly affect$ by conditions unfav\rable to its life1 & x is !re=e easily kill$2 b its m>vell\s p[] ( reproduction r5d]s its ext9ction impossible1 = 9 e in/ance a few escape1 & v soon re-e/abli% _! race4 ,two me?ods = ! de/ruction ( ,aphis are 9 vogue4 ,"o is fumigation by tobacco1 ei!r pure or 9 "s ( ! num]\s prep>ations (f]$1 includ+ sev]al popul> insecticides :i* h nicot9e z a basis4 ,^! are bo? clean & effective4 ,:5 a h\seful ( plants is infe/$ no "t %\ld be lo/1 & ! ev5+ is mo/ suitable = deal+ ) ! pe/s4 ,! plants ought to be q dry & ! h\se closely %ut4 ,a d5se cl\d ( smoke )\t flame is requir$4 ,all[ ! smoke to d its deadly "w dur+ ! night4 ,e>ly next morn+ syr+e ! plants freely1 & 9 ! c\rse ( an h\r or s give air4 ,! o!r rem$y is to use "o ( ! _m liquids :i* are inimical to ! life ( ,aphis & o!r insect pe/s4 ,to economise ! liquid x is advisable to fill a pail or tub & imm]se ! plants individually4 ,take "o 9 ! "r h& & spread ! f+]s ( ! left h& ov] ! surface ( ! soil to prev5t an accid5t2 !n turn ! plant ov] & plunge ! foliage 9 ! liquid1 mov+ x up & d[n briskly two or ?ree times4 ,if ?is is n practicable syr+e ! plants1 tak+ c>e to wet ! leaves on bo? sides4 ,on ! foll[+ day syr+e ) pure s(t wat]4 ,rose trees may g5]ally be cleans$ ( fly by means ( ! g>d5 eng9e & pure wat] only1 ! ess5tial po9t be+ to direct ! wat] on ! trees ) "s am\nt ( =ce = sev]al ev5+s 9 succession :5ev] ! fly ?reat5s to obta9 ! ma/]y4 ,s(t soap dissolv$ 9 wat] makes a *eap & effectual wa% = ext]m9at+ all k9ds ( ,aphis1 & to ^! +r$i5ts quassia may ) advantage be add$4 ,"o p\nd ( s(t soap w suffice = t5 gallons ( wat]1 into :i* /ir ! extract obta9$ by boil+ "o p\nd ( quassia *ips 9 wat]4 ,pot plants c be dipp$ 9 x z already advis$1 or ! solution may be appli$ by means ( ! syr+e4 ,on ! foll[+ day ! plants %\ld be cleans$ ) pure s(t wat]4 ,! ,bean ,aphis1 also kn[n z ! ,bean ,plant ,l\se1 or ,black ,dolph9 7,aphis rumicis74 ,our illu/ration %[s ! w+less female & pupa natural size & magnifi$4 ,! pupa is black ) greyi% :ite mottl+s1 :ile ! female is deep gre5i% black 9 col\r4 ,?is insect commonly attacks ! "y %oots & tops ( ,broad ,beans4 ,x is well to cut (f ! infect$ tops & burn !m4 ,%\ld ! attack be repeat$ spray ! ,beans ) a solution ( s(t soap & quassia4 ,illu/ration3 ,bean ,aphis ,,bean ,,aphis ,aphis fab 7pupa & female7 ,! ,pea ,siphon-,aphis 7,siphonophora pisi1 ,kalt74--,among ! aphides peculi> to vegetables ?is is "o ( ! mo/ common4 ,illu/ration3 ,pea ,siphon-,aphis ,,pea ,,siphon-,,aphis ,siphonophora pisis ,our illu/ration %[s ! natural size & an enl>g$ figure ( ! gre5i%-w+$ & gre5-t9t$ w+less females1 z produc$1 n f eggs1 b alive & develop$4 ,?is insect is occasionally v de/ructive to ,pea crops4 ,am]ican ,blight1 or ,woolly ,aphis1 g5]ally appe>s fir/ on trees graft$ on dw>f+ /ocks1 p>ticul>ly ! bad =ms ( ! ,p>adise ,apple4 ,rapidly ! mis*ief spreads1 heal?y trees become infe/$1 & unless *eck$ an or*>d is spe$ily ru9$4 ,&rew ,murray says t 9 bad cases ( ,am]ican ,blight x is sometimes necess>y to root up & burn all ! trees1 & let ! gr\nd rema9 unplant$ = a ye> or two4 ,fruit trees %\ld be exam9$ p]iodically = ?is pe/1 & imm$iately ! woolly spots are detect$ small ta9t$ b\ghs %\ld be prun$ away1 & f ! ma9/ems & l>ge bran*es diseas$ spots c be p>$ (f4 ,! op]ation may ne$ a bold & vigor\s h& if ! trees are to be sav$1 & x is important t e scrap %\ld be burn$4 ,!re is almo/ c]ta9 to be a fur!r appe>ance ( ! ,blight1 :i* %\ld be de/roy$ by "o ( ! _m rem$ies kn[n to be effectual4 ,fir ,tree ,oil ,insecticide has prov$ to be an excell5t rem$y4 ,gi%ur/ ,comp\nd1 9 ! proportion ( eight ounces to a gallon ( wat]1 ) suffici5t clay add$ to r5d] x adhesive1 makes a capital w9t] pa9t = ,apple trees4 ,b !re is no *eap rem$y equal to s(t soap = smo!r+ ,am]ican ,blight 9 ! crannies ( ! b>k4 ,! soap may be rubb$ into ! diseas$ spots1 or z a wa% x c be bru%$ into ! b\ghs4 ,illu/ration3 ,am]ican ,blight ,,am]ican ,,blight ,s*izoneura lanig]a ,our illu/ration %[s a piece ( ,apple twig ) ! aphides & _! woolly mat]ial natural size4 ,! enl>g$ figures repres5t ! w+$ female & ! w+less l>va ( ! ,apple ,blight ,aphis 7,s*izoneura lanig]a74 ,! insect is deep purpli% br[n 9 col\r1 & ! well-kn[n blui% :ite cottony mat]ial naturally exudes f x4 ,! ,c>rot ,fly 7,psila ros1 ,fab471 ) its l>va1 pupa1 & p]fect insect1 is illu/rat$ natural size & enl>g$4 ,! o*re\s %9+ l>v live ^u ! tap-roots ( ! ,c>rot1 & by eat+ into !m cause !m to rot4 ,9 col\r ! body ( ! fly is an int5sely d>k gre5i% black1 ) a ru/y o*re\s head4 ,! pres5ce ( ! l>v 9 ! root is made kn[n by ! *ange 9 ! col\r ( ! leaves f gre5 to yell[1 & ! attack$ plants %\ld be promptly =k$ out entire & burn$4 ,illu/ration3 ,c>rot ,fly ,,c>rot ,,fly ,psila ,ros 7) maggot & *rysalis7 ,x is well to dig ! gr\nd 9 autumn1 s t ! e>? may be expos$ to ! fro/s ( w9t] & ! pup to ! att5tion ( birds4 ,aft] s[+1 spray ! ,c>rot b$ ) p>aff9 emulsion4 ,spray aga9 aft] g]m9ation1 & a ?ird "t :5 ?9n+ is f9i%$4 ,! emulsion to be made by dissolv+ half a p\nd ( s(t soap 9 a gallon ( boil+ wat]4 ,:ile /ill boil+1 p\r ! liquid into two gallons ( p>aff9 & *urn ?or\ghly until a butt]y mass results4 ,?is w keep = a long "t 9 t9s4 ,be=e use1 dilute ) tw5ty times ! quantity ( wat]--s(t wat] if possible4 ,?is is an excell5t prev5tive4 ,aft] ! "w ( ?9n+1 ! fly may also be kept (f ! plants by scatt]+ ov] !m a%es1 s&1 or e>?1 impregnat$ ) p>aff94 ,c>bolic p[d] & soot are bo? disagreeable to ! insect4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ t :5 s+l+ ! di/urbance ( ! soil is fav\rable to ! op]ations ( ! ,c>rot ,fly4 ,a copi\s wat]+ :5 ! task is end$ w firm ! e>? r\nd ! rema9+ roots1 & prev5t ! fly f easily gett+ d[n to deposit eggs4 ,c>rots & ,p>snips are (t5 attack$ by ! l>va ( a ,c>rot ,mo? 7,depress>ia cicutella71 :i* sp9s webs = security :ile fe$+1 & sometimes works havoc among ! foliage4 ,a simple rem$y is to %ake ! cat]pill>s f ! leaves ( ! plants1 :5 !y c be de/roy$ by ! use ( lime4 ,cel]y ,fly4--,! app>5t bli/]s 9 ,cel]y leaves are spots defici5t ( leaf-gre51 :i* ! l>va ( ! ,cel]y ,fly has eat54 ,du/+ newly-plant$ ,cel]y ) lime or soot may d some?+ to prev5t ! fly f lay+ its eggs1 b ! mo/ c]ta9 prev5tive is to boil half a p\nd ( coal t> 9 "o gallon ( wat] = tw5ty m9utes1 add fifty gallons ( cle> wat]1 & syr+e ! plants ab\t noon once or twice f ! middle to ! end ( ,june4 ,:5 once ! grub has made a home1 x %\ld be cru%$ by p9*+ ! leaf betwe5 ! f+] & ?umb1 or ! injur$ portions ( ! leaves %\ld be cut out & burn$4 ,9 do+ ?is x mu/ always be rememb]$ t ! leaves are z mu* ne$$ by ! plant z ! roots1 & e leaf remov$ t5ds to dim9i% ! vig\r ( ! plant4 ,our illu/ration %[s ! ,cel]y ,fly 7=m]ly kn[n z ,tephritis onopord9is1 b n[ call$ ,acidia h]aclei7 natural size & magnifi$4 ,?is fly is also de/ructive to ! leaves ( ,p>snips1 & is nam$ onopord9is f its habit ( frequ5t+ ! ,cotton ,?i/le 7,onopordon ,acan?ium74 ,! l>va is :ite to v pale gre51 ! fly is %9+ tawny4 ,an ,i*neumon ,fly detects ! l>va ( ! ,cel]y ,fly 9 ! ,cel]y & ,p>snip leaves1 & lays its eggs 9 ! body ( ! l>va4 ,^! p>asites1 nam$ ,alysia apii1 assi/ 9 r$uc+ ! numb]s ( ! ,cel]y ,fly4 ,illu/ration3 ,cel]y ,fly ,,cel]y ,,fly ,,& ,,l>va ,tephritis onopord9is ,all ,cel]y refuse %\ld be de/roy$ by fire4 ,infe/$ gr\nd may1 if suitable1 be tr5*$1 br++ ! subsoil to ! surface & bury+ ! top soil conta9+ ! pup4 ,frequ5t r\gh digg+ & ! exposure ( fre% surfaces to be se>*$ by birds w also d some?+ to abate ! numb] ( ?is pe/4 ,b 9 bad cases x w be necess>y to resort to gas-lime1 :i* poisons ! pup & ev5tually b5efits ! soil1 al?\gh 9 ! season imm$iately foll[+ its use crops may be less satisfactory ?an usual4 ,onion ,fly4--,onions are frequ5tly attack$ by ! l>v ( ! ,onion ,fly1 & 9 "s in/ances ! entire crop is de/roy$4 ,our illu/ration %[s ! natural size ( ! fly & maggot1 ) magnifi$ repres5tations ( bo?4 ,! fly lays six to eight eggs on an ,onion plant1 g5]ally j above ! gr\nd4 ,^! eggs hat* 9 f five to sev5 days1 accord+ to ! temp]ature1 & ! maggots at once burr[ into ! ,onion4 ,! result is soon visible 9 ! discoloration ( ! leaves :i* turn yell[ & beg9 to decay4 ,sev]al g5]ations ( ! insect1 ! sci5tific "n ( :i* is ,phorbia cepetorum1 appe> 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le season4 ,a close ally is ! ,cabbage ,root ,fly 7,p4 brassic71 ! de/roy] ( ,cabbage roots4 ,illu/ration3 ,onion ,fly ,,onion ,,fly ,,& ,,l>va ,an?omyia cep>um ,among ! num]\s me?ods ( prev5t+ attack & ( de/roy+ ! grubs ! foll[+ are wor? att5tion3-- ,:]e ?is pe/ proves v tr\blesome x may be desirable to transf] ,onion gr[+ to new gr\nd until ! infe/$ l& has be5 purg$ ( ! pup4 ,in/ead ( ?r[+ useless ,onion mat]ial on ! wa/e heap to af=d ! fly a home = its eggs1 e scrap %\ld be burn$4 ,z ! prep>ation ( an ,onion b$ approa*es completion1 p[d]$ lime well mix$ ) soot1 9 ! proportion ( two bu%els ( ! =m] to "o ( ! latt]1 may be s[n ev5ly ov] ! surface & rak$ 94 ,s& impregnat$ ) p>aff9 s[n along ! drills has answ]$ z a prev5tive4 ,vaporite is a de/roy] ( ! pup2 ?is prep>ation has prov$ deadly to gr\nd v]m9 g5]ally4 ,e>?+ up ! ,onions 0 prov$ by ,miss ,orm]od's exp]im5t to be effective4 ,! objection to ?is proc$ure is ! probability ( enl>g$ necks :i* are n want$4 ,an emulsion1 compos$ ( "o p9t ( p>aff91 "o p\nd ( s(t soap mix$ ) t5 gallons ( wat]1 ?or\ghly *urn$ by a h& syr+e & spray$ ov] ! "y plants 9 a f9e mi/1 is a valuable prev5tive4 ,! dose may be repeat$ aft] ra9fall1 if necess>y4 ,! quantities nam$ suffice = a small plot only4 ,soapsuds are de/ructive to ! maggots1 disagreeable to ! fly1 & b5eficial to ! "y plants4 ,! suds %\ld be spray$ ov] ! b$ f a wat]+ c on ! fir/ appe>ance ( a yell[ col\r 9 ! grass4 ,z a f9al sugge/ion ref]5ce may be made to a s+ul> fact :i* we d n pr(ess to expla91 viz4 t transplant$ ,onions are v seldom t\*$ by grub4 ,! mod]n practice ( rais+ se$l+s "u glass 9 ,janu>y or ,febru>y1 & plant+ out 9 op5 b$s 9 ,april1 (f]s ! advantage ( a long season ( gr[? comb9$ ) comp>ative immunity f attack by ! ,onion ,fly4 ,turnip ,fly1 or ,flea1 is well kn[n to ! g>d5]1 & is ! mo/ tr\blesome ( all ! arial pe/s ( ! f>m1 & "o ) :i* x is mo/ difficult to cope1 n only because ( its g5]al diffusion & numb]s1 b because x produces a succession ( broods ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 & is !re=e always 9 =ce1 ready to dev\r ! crop imm$iately x appe>s4 ,! s-call$ #8,fly' is a small beetle nam$ ,haltica 7,phyllotreta7 nemorum1 /rongly made1 & decid$ly voraci\s4 ,! l>v are n to be fe>$1 except t1 ( c\rse1 !y 9 due "t become beetles4 ,9 ! p]fect /ate ?is w+$ jump+ insect makes havoc ( ! ris+ plant ( ,turnips1 b ! crop is only 9 dang] :ile 9 ! se$-leaf /age4 ,x is 9 ! spr+ & e>ly summ] *iefly t ! ravages ( ^! insects occasion p]plexity1 = !y awak5 f _! w9t] torpor active & hungry1 & h a ready appetite = almo/ any crucif]\s plant4 ,h5ce we see ! leaves ( ,radi%es pi]c$ by !m1 & all su* we$s z ,*>lock1 ,cuckoo ,fl[]1 ,h$ge ,g>lic1 & ,wat] ,cress s]ve !m = food until ! ,turnip crops are on ! move1 :5 !y w travel miles1 ev5 aga9/ ! w9d1 to wreck ! f>m]'s hopes4 ,! ,cabbage ,flea 7,haltica ol]acea7 9 "s di/ricts is equally tr\blesome1 if n m s4 ,:ole ,cabbages may be de/roy$ by ?is pe/1 & ev5 ,hops are (t5 ru9$ by x4 ,illu/ration3 ,turnip ,fly ,,turnip ,,fly ,,or ,,beetle ,haltica nemorum 7) l>va & *rysalis7 ,prev5tive & rem$ial measures t c easily be c>ri$ out 9 a g>d5 may be impracticable on a f>m4 ,we propose to enum]ate !m briefly z !y occur to u1 leav+ ! ultimate *oice ( weapons to ^? :o may un=tunately f9d occasion to use !m4 ,"o precaution is to insure a quick g]m9ation ( ! se$ & /rong gr[? ( ! plant 9 its se$-leaf /age4 ,! cotyl$ons are t5d] & ta/y1 p]haps sug>y f ,nature's process ( malt+2 & :ile ! se$-leaf is assailable ! ,haltica makes ! be/ ( ! %9+ h\r4 ,! se$ s[n %\ld be all ( "o age1 & ! newe/ possible1 because ( ! ne$ = a quick & /rong gr[?4 ,:5 a p[]ful artificial is s[n ) ! se$1 ! quantity ( se$ mu/ be increas$1 z a proportion may be kill$ by ! manure4 ,x is important always to drill ,turnip se$2 broadca/+ seems to invite ! ,fly--at all ev5ts1 a drill$ crop is g5]ally saf]4 ,be=e s[+1 ! se$ may be soak$ 9 p>aff9 or turp5t9e4 ,( ! two ! latt] appe>s to be ! m successful 9 keep+ ! insects at bay4 ,roll+ an infe/$ plant di/urbs & weak5s ! insects & /imulates ! "y plant4 ,! spr9kl+ ( slak$ lime ov] ! se$l+s is at once a safe & an effici5t process1 & possesses ! additional advantage ( be+ b5eficial to ! plant4 ,we are aw>e t x does n always succe$1 b we are incl9$ to attribute ! failure to a bad quality ( ! lime1 or a c>eless me?od ( employ+ x4 ,!re %\ld be en\gh put on to make ! plants :ite1 & !y w be none ! worse = ! :it5+4 ,du/+s ( f9e a%es or soot are sc>cely less effective1 b salt mu/ n be us$1 = x injures ! plants & does n hurt ! beetle4 ,all su* du/+s %\ld be done 9 ! e>ly morn+1 :ile ! plants are wet ) dew4 ,to apply a du/+ at midday1 :5 ! sun %9es gaily1 is to wa/e "t1 & probably _m ( ! record$ failures might be expla9$ if we knew at :at h\r & 9 :at sort ( wea!r ! "w 0 done4 ,nets & /ick+ bo>ds h be5 tri$ & f\nd effectual1 & yet su* ?+s are r>ely us$4 ,a bo>d ?ickly cov]$ ) :ite pa9t1 drawn ov] ! plot on a /ill1 sunny day1 soon becomes a black bo>d by ! myriads ( ,halticas t jump at & rema9 atta*$ to x1 ! victims ( _! extravagant love ( light4 ,old sacks soak$ 9 p>aff9 & drawn ov] ! drills imp>t a disagreeable flav\r to ! leaves1 & a v f9e spray ( p>aff9 di/ribut$ by a ma*9e specially con/ruct$ = ! purpose has prov$ effective4 ,f9ally1 ?is1 9 common ) all o!r insects 9 ! w+$ /ate1 ne$s a dry air & "s degree ( w>m? = its heal? & happ9ess4 ,_m k9ds ( l>v ne$ moi/ure1 b no w+$ insect c abide moi/ure long1 & h]e9 is a clue to ! eradication ( ,turnip ,fly4 ,by ! simple process ( spray+ ! plant ?ree or f\r times a day1 until x is out ( ! se$-leaf1 & ! dang] is ov]1 x is possible 9 ! g>d5 to wa% out ! ,haltica2 & any k9d ( insecticide or flav\r+1 su* z quassia1 may be m+l$ ) ! wat] to r5d] ! plants di/a/eful to ! insects4 ,! illu/ration on page #dbb %[s ! ,turnip ,fly 9 its ?ree /ages1 & 9 ea* case ( ! natural size & magnifi$ sev5 diamet]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,daddy ,longlegs ,,daddy ,,long ,,legs ,tipula 79 v>i\s /ages7 ,daddy ,longlegs1 or ,crane ,fly1 9 its p]fect =m ( a fly 7,tipula ol]acea7 does no h>m1 b ! grubs1 kn[n by ! famili> "n ( #8lea!r-jackets' ow+ to ! t\ghness ( _! sk9s1 are t]ribly de/ructive4 ,dur+ late summ] & autumn ! female fly deposits its eggs 9 l>ge numb]s 9 turf1 9 g>d5 soil & among/ g>d5 refuse4 ,! eggs are hat*$ 9 a =tnight or s & ! d>k grubs lie 9 ! gr\nd ?r\gh ! w9t]1 inflict+ _! maximum1 am\nt ( injury to "y crops 9 spr+ & e>ly summ]4 ,:]e song birds are sc>ce ! ,tipula is capable ( utt]ly de/roy+ grass & ( s]i\sly ravag+ ! ,kit*5 ,g>d52 b cultivation1 aid$ by ! rob9s1 ?ru%es1 night+ales1 & o!r birds1 w keep ! insect )9 b\nds1 ev5 aft] a hot summ] fav\rable to its increase4 ,:]e ?is pe/ is kn[n to exi/1 an application ( ,vaporite at ! "t ( prep>+ gr\nd = s[+ or plant+ w de/roy _m ( ! grubs4 ,! regul> use ( ! hoe is also to be recomm5d$1 = by ! di/urbance ( ! soil ! enemy is expos$ to ! %>p eye ( ! rob9 & o!r fea!r$ g>d5]s4 ,root-knot ,eelworm4--,"o ( ! wor/ pe/s t a ,cucumb]-gr[] has to deal ) manife/s itself by ! pres5ce ( m9ute w>ts or nodosities1 *iefly on ! rootlets4 ,^! w>ts1 :i* are caus$ by ! action ( innum]able small ?read-l worms nam$ ,het]od]a radicicola1 range f ! size ( a p9's head to t ( a pea1 & :5 !y are pres5t 9 l>ge numb]s ! total failure ( ! ,cucumb] crop is ! inv>iable result4 ,! eelworms are probably introduc$ to ,cucumb]-h\ses 9 infect$ wat]4 ,ea* worm is ab\t "o-sev5tyfif? ( an in* 9 l5g? & is at fir/ coil$ up inside a transp>5t egg4 ,at maturity ! eggs crack op51 & ! worms on em]g+ bore into ! mo/ t5d] rootlets1 & !re lay _! eggs4 ,^! eggs spe$ily hat* inside ! plant & new eelworms are produc$1 :i* trav]se ! rootlets 9 e direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,cucumb] ,eel-worms & eggs ,,cucumb] ,,eel-,,worms ,,& ,,eggs ,anguillul ,^! ,het]od]a are by no means peculi> to ! ,cucumb]2 !y attack ! roots ( ,tomatoes & ,melons1 & ! roots1 /ems1 & foliage ( _m o!r plants4 ,our illu/ration %[s "s v small ,cucumb] rootlets1 natural size1 ) ! eelworms 9 ! eggs1 & also em]g+ f & free ( ! empty egg%ell 7enl>g$ eighty diamet]s74 ,imm$iately symptoms ( ! pe/ are app>5t f ! wilt+ ( ! foliage & /ems1 all infect$ plants %\ld be remov$ & burn$4 ,! soil mu/ also be cle>$ out & ! int]ior ( ! h\se ?or\ghly wa%$ ) a solution ( c>bolic acid 9 wat]3--"o "p ( ! =m] to eight p>ts ( ! latt]4 ,to purify ! infect$ soil1 use a solution ( c>bolic acid 7"o "p7 & wat] 7tw5ty p>ts7 & saturate ?ree times1 at int]vals ( a =tnight4 ,ano!r rem$y is to mix wea!r$ gas-lime freely ) ! soil4 ,9 ei!r case ! soil w be unfit = use = at lea/ six weeks aft] treatm5t4 ,:5 ! h\se has be5 well cleans$1 fre% compo/ %\ld be us$1 to :i* ! addition ( lime & soot1 mix$ ) ! soil1 w be b5eficial4 ,illu/ration3 ,mealy ,bug ,,mealy ,,bug ,dactylopius odonidum ,mealy ,bug4--,?is plague is by no means conf9$ to plants "u glass4 ,9 ! case ( a lot ( /ove plants badly affect$1 ! desp]ate c\rse ( committ+ ! :ole to ! fire1 & !n repair+ & pa9t+ ! h\se1 is (t5 ! *eape/ 9 ! end4 ,we h kn[n a ,p9e-gr[] compell$ to de/roy a h\seful ( plants t h be5 infe/$ by ! introduction ( a plant f a buggy collection4 ,mealy ,bug may be kn[n by its mealy1 fl\ry1 or cottony appe>ance4 ,x has a great fancy = ,grape v9es4 ,"o ( ! be/ rem$ies is ,gi%ur/ ,comp\nd1 prep>$ at ! rate ( eight ounces to a gallon ( wat]1 ) clay add$ to give x ! consi/5ce ( pa9t4 ,miscellane\s /ove plants may be cleans$ by wa%+ ) a bru% & s(t soap4 ,our illu/ration %[s a gr\p ( ,mealy ,bugs natural size1 ) "o insect magnifi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,r$ ,spid] ,,r$ ,,spid] ,tetrany*us tel>ius ,r$ ,spid] is pres5t 9 almo/ e v9]y1 h[ev] well manag$4 ,a moi/ atmosph]e is a great1 ?\gh n a c]ta9 prev5tive2 b x is n possible1 )\t injury to ! v9es1 to keep ! air ( ! h\se always s humid t ! ,spid] is unable to obta9 a lodgm5t4 ,syr++ promotes a moi/ atmosph]e1 & is unfav\rable to ! ,r$ ,spid]1 :i* ?rives be/ 9 heat & dryness4 ,b ! mo/ decid$ repell5t ( ,spid] is ! use ( sulphur on ! hot-wat] pipes4 ,?is may be manag$ by spr9kl+ dry sulphur on ! pipes1 or by mak+ a ?ick solution ( sulphur1 clay1 & wat]1 ) :i* ! pipes %\ld be pa9t$4 ,be c>eful n to raise ! heat at ! same "t1 = if ! pipes are hott] ?an ! h& c be> fumes de/ructive to vegetation w be giv5 (f4 ,melons & ,cucumb]s may g5]ally be kept cle> ( ,spid] by means ( ! syr+e only2 b :5 ,melons are rip5+ !y mu/ be kept r dry1 & x is v difficult inde$ to f9i% a crop )\t hav+ ! plants attack$ by ,r$ ,spid]4 ,gi%ur/ ,comp\nd answ]s admirably to remove ,spid] f h\se plants4 ,! mixture %\ld consi/ ( "o & a half or two ounces to "o gallon ( wat]1 & %\ld be appli$ ) a sponge4 ,! sci5tific "n ( ! ,r$ ,spid] is ,tetrany*us tel>ius4 ,our illu/ration %[s "o ( ^! de/ructive r$ mites natural size1 & two individuals greatly magnifi$4 ,scale4--,a v common species1 f\nd on _m k9ds ( /ove & o!r plants1 is ! ,lecanium hib]naculorum1 "h illu/rat$ on a twig1 natural size1 & magnifi$4 ,x is br[n1 tumid1 & commonly some:at m ?an hemisph]ical 9 %ape4 ,besides ?is species !re is ! ,l4 filicum ( ,f]ns1 ! ,l4 hemispho]icum ( ,dracnas1 ! ,l4 rotundum ( ! ,pea*1 & ! common ,l4 hesp]idum1 or ,orange-tree ,bug1 :i* is "o ( ! flat species1 & x spreads to a great v>iety ( plants4 ,! ,scale insect sucks ! sap f plants1 & 9 "s in/ances ! gr\nd b5ea? ! foliage is wet & sodd5$ by ! fall+ sap4 ,_s ( turp5t9e appli$ ) a s(t bru% is consid]$ to be a good rem$y = ,scale4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 advisable 7z 9 o!r rem$ies7 to te/ ?is on a small numb] ( plants at fir/4 ,a ne> relative1 a l>ge br[n ,coccus1 infe/s pomace\s trees1 & is especially p>tial to ! ,pyracan?a1 :i* x (t5 kills outright4 ,! ,scale ( ! ,v9e is ,pulv9>ia or ,coccus vitis4 ,c>eful wa%+ ) soap & wat]1 & ! de/ruction ( ea* sep>ate ,scale z soon z se51 c be recomm5d$ = ! extirpation ( ?is pe/4 ,illu/ration3 ,common ,scale ,,common ,,scale ,lecanium hib]naculorum 7natural size & enl>g$7 ,illu/ration3 ,?rips ,,?rips ,?rips m9utissima ,?rips may pursue _! mis*ief to a great ext5t be=e !y are discov]$ by ! novice1 = _! m9ute size & _! habit r5d] !m inconspicu\s4 ,b ! black deposit !y make reveals _! exi/5ce to ! exp]i5c$ eye1 & ! debilitat$ condition ( ! plants !y h attack$ w\ld soon compel att5tion 7 !re no su* deposit to tell ! tale4 ,! ,indian ,azaleas are apt to be beset by ,?rips1 z ! ,grape-v9e is by ,scale1 ! ,p9eapple by ,mealy ,bug1 & ! ,rose by ,gre5 ,aphis4 ,atmosph]ic humidity is a p[]ful prev5tive1 z is also ! promotion ( vigor\s gr[? by a pl5tiful supply ( wat] to ! roots ( ! plants2 9 fact1 />vation & a dry1 hot air w soon br+ an attack ( ,?rips4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! be/ rem$y is fumigation ) tobacco4 ,or tobacco wat] & a solution ( s(t soap1 toge!r or sep>ately1 if c>efully appli$1 spe$ily make an end ( ?is tr\blesome pe/4 ,a special prep>ation may be made z foll[s3 ,take six p\nds ( s(t soap1 & dissolve 9 twelve gallons ( wat]1 add half a gallon ( /rong tobacco wat]1 & dip ! plants 9 ! mixture4 ,be=e !y become dry1 dip aga9 9 pure ra9wat] to remove ! mixture4 ,if too l>ge to dip1 apply ! mixture ) ! syr+e1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a qu>t] ( an h\r or s syr+e ) pure ra9wat]4 ,our illu/ration %[s ! ,?rips 9 ! l>val & w+$ /ate1 natural size & greatly magnifi$4 ,ants4--,^! extremely int]e/+ insects are frequ5tly tr\blesome 9 g>d5s1 & 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> ! small r$ species m>s ! appe>ance ( lawns by ?r[+ up num]\s heaps ( f9e soil4 ,x is easy to de/roy !m by dropp+ a mixture ( ,p>is ,gre5 & sug> ne> _! runs4 ,b z ,p>is ,gre5 is a poison1 animal life mu/ be consid]$4 ,we recomm5d a simple rem$y :i* entails no dang]1 b x mu/ be foll[$ up p]si/5tly4 ,pur*ase a few common sponges1 z l>ge z a man's fi/4 ,dissolve "o p\nd ( ,dem]>a sug> 9 two qu>ts ( w>m wat]4 ,imm]se ! sponges1 wr+ out ne>ly all ! liquid1 & place !m ne> ! ant runs4 ,twice daily ?r[ ! sponges into hot wat]1 & repeat ! process until ! ants are cle>$4 ,ne/s locat$ "u walls c be de/roy$ by boil+ wat]4 ,cat]pill>s _c (t5 be treat$ 9 a :olesale way )\t injury to ! plant4 ,h5ce x is usual to rely on h&-pick+1 &1 t$i\s z ?is may be1 a little p]sev]ance w accompli% wond]s4 ,we h se5 a fruit g>d51 lit]ally hide\s ) clu/]s ( ,cat]pill>s 9 spr+1 completely cle>$ by a few days' /eady "w1 co/+ b a trifle1 & only ne$+ to be conduct$ s t 9 remov+ ! v]m9 !re %\ld be no h>m done to ! crops4 ,9 ! same way ! ,gooseb]ry grub %\ld be dispos$ (4 ,precautions _c be tak5 aga9/ ,cat]pill>s1 b ! c>eful cultivator w 9 good "t look = pat*es ( eggs & clu/]s ( "y ,cat]pill>s on ! "u sides ( leaves1 & w c>efully nip (f ! leaves on :i* ! colonies are fe$+1 & make an end ( !m4 ,?is enemy _c be rak$ 9 rank & file1 b mu/ be tak5 9 detail1 z 9 gu]illa w>f>e4 ,e>wigs are ! dread ( ! flori/1 = !y spoil 8 be/ ,dahlias & ,hollyhocks1 & are too p>tial to ,*rysan!mums4 ,!y are readily trapp$1 z !y l to g up to a high1 dry1 d>k retreat2 h5ce a bit ( dry moss 9 a small fl[]-pot1 inv]t$ on a /ake1 w entice !m into y\r h&s2 & if y are det]m9$ to keep d[n ,e>wigs1 ?is way is sure1 ?\gh1 p]haps1 n easy1 because x mu/ be foll[$ up morn+ & ev5+ f ! beg9n+ ( ,june onw>ds4 ,! holl[ /ems ( ! ,bean make good traps1 z inde$ d holl[ /ems ( any k9d1 = ,e>wigs love to creep into close1 d>k %elt]s aft] _! nocturnal meal2 & ! cultivator :o has resolv$ t he w n be eat5 up by !m ne$s only to p]sev]e1 & he may dep5d on trapp+ e ,e>wig )9 ! b\nd>ies4 ,un=tunately1 !y use _! w+s freely1 & s travel f ! slugg>d's g>d5 to f9d #8fre% woods & pa/ures new4' ,illu/ration3 ,e>wig ,,e>wig 7) w+s spread1 magnifi$7 ,slugs are s]i\s plagues to ! g>d5]1 & !y sometimes appe> 9 l>ge numb]s s sudd5ly z to sugge/ ! idea t ! little ,slugs h come d[n 9 %[]s4 ,"y crops are especially liable to injury f ^! v]m91 & x is n easy1 ev5 9 well-kept g>d5s1 to keep !m d[n4 ,con/ant att5tion is necess>y1 p>ticul>ly 9 wet seasons4 ,b "h1 z 9 ! case ( _m o!r k9ds ( v]m91 means may be adopt$ t w accompli% ! d\ble purpose ( de/roy+ ! plague & b5efit+ ! l&2 = lime1 salt1 soot1 & nitrate ( soda are c]ta9 ,slug-kill]s1 & w usually pay = _! employm5t by _! enri*m5t ( ! gr\nd4 ,! nice po9t always is to employ !m advantage\sly4 ,x %\ld fur!r be borne 9 m9d t a ,slug slightly t\*$ by lime or salt has ! p[] ( ?r[+ x (f by means ( ! slimy exudation ) :i* ! creature is end[$4 ,b if aga9 quickly assail$ 9 a simil> mann] dea? is c]ta9 to foll[4 ,l& made ready = s[+ may be pretty well cle>$ ( ,slugs by broadca/+ x ) salt4 ,un=tunately1 ^! de/roy]s are only effective 9 f9e wea!r4 ,9 ra9y seasons1 or :5 a crop is ris+1 x is necess>y to resort to trapp+1 & _m k9ds ( vegetable refuse make tempt+ baits = ,slugs4 ,pieces ( ,orange peel1 suitably plac$1 are soon cov]$ ) ! v]m91 especially 9 ! w9t] dur+ int]vals ( fro/4 ,cabbage leaves1 slic$ ,turnips & ,potatoes1 or almo/ any wa/e vegetable may be us$4 ,! traps %\ld be scatt]$ ab\t at dusk1 & be ga!r$ up 9 ! morn+1 & buri$ 9 pits1 or de/roy$ by fire4 ,gas-lime is highly de/ructive to ,slugs1 b :5 fir/ appli$ x is poison\s to plant life4 ,an excell5t me?od ( us+ x is to dress ! surface 9 autumn at ! rate ( f f\r to six cwt4 p] acre1 & to dig ! gr\nd deeply f\r weeks lat]4 ,r[s ( ,peas are easily protect$ by a cov]+ ( b>ley sweep+s1 or by *>coal brok5 v small & flav\r$ ) p>aff94 ,slak$ lime1 c>efully us$1 is also employ$ ) satisfactory results4 ,snails4--,9 _! me?ods ( attack+ g>d5 vegetation1 & 9 ! ext5t ( damage !y cause1 ,snails may be plac$ 9 ! same category z ,slugs4 ,dur+ ! day ! ,snail usually rema9s 9 hid+1 em]g+ f rock]ies & creep]-cov]$ walls 9 ! ev5+ or aft] a %[] ( ra94 ,!y may be trapp$ by "o ( ! me?ods sugge/$ = ,slugs1 & pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to ! use ( ,cabbage leaves4 ,x w1 h[ev]1 be saf] to protect "y plants by giv+ heavy dress+s ( lime or soot4 ,h& pick+ is ! sure/ means ( deal+ ) !m1 & 9 ! w9t] mon?s l>ge numb]s may be collect$ f among box edg+s1 ! base ( ivy-cov]$ walls & simil> %elt]s4 ,birds1 especially ?ru%es1 %[ a m>k$ p>tiality = ,snails4 ,wasps are a t]rible sc\rge 9 "s g>d5s4 ,!y spoil a l>ge quantity ( fruit1 & jeop>dise ! rema9d] by =c+ ! h>ve/ be=e ! crops are ready = ga!r+4 ,:5 ! localities ( ! ,wasps' ne/s are kn[n1 x is a simple task to dispose ( !m4 ,turp5t9e & gunp[d] 7 =m]ly 9 vogue1 especially among ! y\ng] memb]s ( ! community1 to :om a spice ( dang] is always an attractive elem5t 9 ! fun4 ,b ^! are clumsy me?ods ( de/ruction & w n comp>e ) ! f> easi] rem$y ( poison+ ! colonies by means ( cyanide ( potassium4 ,dissolve "o ounce ( ! drug 9 a qu>t] ( a p9t ( wat]4 ,?is w be suffici5t to de/roy sev]al ne/s1 b x is a deadly poison1 & mu/ be kept 9 a place ( safety4 ,soak a piece ( rag 9 ! fluid1 & lay x ov] ! entrance to ! ne/4 ,!re is no occasion to run away2 n a ,wasp w v5ture out1 & ^? :i* return f =ag+ w n lose _! temp]s & f9d y\rs1 b at ea* successive attempt to ent] _! home !y w become feebl]1 until !y fall ne> or b5ea? ! drugg$ rag4 ,aft] an h\r or two ! ne/ may be dug out1 :5 e insect1 includ+ que5 & pup1 w be f\nd dead4 ,if ! colonies lie beyond y\r fronti]1 or _! positions _c be asc]ta9$1 ! enemy mu/ be dispos$ ( by /ratagem & 9 detail4 ,"o ( ! be/ modes ( trapp+ !m is to put "s injur$ fruit b5ea? "o ( ! trees1 & ov] x a h&-light rais$ ab\t ?ree in*es above ! gr\nd by /ones or pieces ( wood plac$ at ! f\r corn]s4 ,?is light mu/ h a r l>ge hole at ! top4 ,^u x %\ld re/ ano!r light f :i* egress is prev5t$1 except ?r\gh ! apex ( ! l[] light4 ,aft] ! ,wasps h visit$ ! fruit1 !y w rise into ! fir/ light1 & gradually f9d _! way ?r\gh ! op5+ into ! "o above1 f :i* n "o insect 9 a hundr$ w escape4 ,9 a trap ( ?is k9d we h se5 an enorm\s numb] ( ,wasps & ,hornets :i* _h be5 lur$ to dea? )9 a few h\rs4 ,ano!r simple & effective me?od ( de/roy+ ^! pe/s is to p\r a small quantity ( ale mix$ ) sug> into glass j>s & susp5d !m f bran*es ( ,pe> or ,plum trees4 ,! vessels mu/ be empti$ e few days & ! liquid r5ew$4 ,illu/ration3 ,wireworm ,,wireworm 7natural size & magnifi$7 ,wireworm is ! mo/ p]si/5t & de/ructive ( all ! gr\nd v]m94 ,!re are fully a doz5 species ( beetles ! l>v ( :i* are kn[n z #8,wireworms1' & ( ^! ! #8,spr+-,jacks1' #8,click-,beetles1' & #8,blacksmi?s'--,elat] obscurus1 ,e4 l9eatus1 & ,e4 ruficaudis--are ! mo/ preval5t4 ,! female beetle deposits h] eggs 9 ! e>? 9 ! height ( ! summ]1 & 9 due "t ! worms em]ge & comm5ce _! depr$ations4 ,^! worms h a t5ure ( ?ree to five ye>s 9 _! subt]ranean homes1 dur+ :i* "t !y fe$ voraci\sly1 & are n v p>ticul> z to :at !y eat4 ,_! muscul> p[] r5d]s !m exp]t 9 burr[+1 & !y are well protect$ by _! horny jackets4 ,:5 _! t]m ( fe$+ is complet$1 !y desc5d to a consid]able dep? & *ange into ! *rysalis /ate1 f :i* !y come =? z jump+ beetles 9 ! c\rse ( ,july & ,augu/1 a c]ta9 proportion rema9+ 9 ! gr\nd to complete _! f9al *ange 9 spr+4 ,_! p[] ( de/ruction is !n at an end4 ,!y resort to fl[]s1 lead a m]ry life = a %ort "t1 & :5 !y pass away leave pl5ty ( eggs to cont9ue ! race ( ,wireworms4 ,= practical purposes ! ,wireworm may be reg>d$ z inhabit+ e k9d ( soil & consum+ e k9d ( crop4 ,! crops x is mo/ p>tial to are ,grass1 ,potatoes1 ,turnips1 & ! juicy /ems ( all k9ds ( c]eals4 ,! l>v may be trapp$ by bury+ 9 ! gr\nd pieces ( ,potato1 or bett] /ill ?ick slices ( ,beet root2 ! spots to be m>k$1 & ! traps exam9$ e few days1 :5 ! ,wireworms c be de/roy$4 ,sup]phosphate s[n along ! drills ) se$ has sav$ spr+-s[n crops f de/ruction2 & ,vaporite1 a propriet>y article1 has also be5 us$ ) m>k$ success4 ,! latt] gives (f a gas smell+ ( naph?al5e :i* kills ! ,wireworms4 ,soot is a well-kn[n rem$y1 & by its use ! crops are also b5efit$4 ,woodlice are v de/ructive b easily caught1 & !y may be completely eradicat$ by p]sev]ance4 ,:5 a frame or pit is infe/$1 !y c be de/roy$ :olesale by p\r+ boil+ wat] d[n next ! brickwork or ! woodwork 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,if ?is proc$ure does n make a cle>ance1 rec\rse mu/ be _h to trapp+4 ,9 common ) ,e>wigs1 !y love dryness1 d>kness1 & a snug retreat2 b :ile a m]e home suffices = ,e>wigs1 a home ) food is dem&$ by ,woodlice4 ,take a ?umb pot1 q dry & clean4 ,9 x place a fre%-cut slice ( ,potato or ,apple1 fill up ) dry moss1 & turn ! :ole ?+ ov] on a b$ 9 a frame or pit4 ,?us y h devis$ a ,woodl\se trap1 & next morn+ y may knock ! v]m9 out ( x into a vessel full ( hot wat]1 or adopt any o!r mode ( kill+ t may be conv5i5t4 ,fifty traps may be prep>$ 9 a hundr$ m9utes2 & ^? :o are det]m9$ to get rid ( ,woodlice may soon make an end ( !m4 ,rats & ,mice4--,traps are effici5t :ile !y are new1 & almo/ any reasonably good contrivance w answ] = a "t1 b w fail at la/1 or at lea/ = a season4 ,to keep d[n ,rats & ,mice effectually !re mu/ be inv5t$ a succession ( new modes ( action1 = ^! creatures--,rats especially--are s clev] t !y soon see ?r\gh our devices1 :i* !n fail ( effect4 ,g5]ally speak+1 two rules may be prescrib$4 ,9 ! fir/ place x is imprud5t to fill up _! holes or /op _! runs2 let !m h _! way4 ,if y /op !m1 !y w make new ?or\ghf>es1 to ! fur!r injury ( ! f\ndation2 &1 besides1 :5 y are acqua9t$ ) _! runs1 y "k :]e to put traps & poison = ! v]m94 ,z to ! be/ poison1 !re is no?+ s effectual z ars5ic2 b x %\ld be employ$ ) great c>e1 & be=e x is br\ght on ! premises ! "q ( safe /orage mu/ be consid]$4 ,a fat bloat] split d[n & well rubb$ ) common :ite ars5ic w kill a score ( ,rats1 provid$ only t !y w eat x4 ,cut x into f\r p>ts1 & place ^! 9 or ne> _! runs1 & cov] ) tiles or bo>ds to prev5t dogs & cats obta9+ !m4 ,if ?is fails1 try bread & butt] dress$ ) oil ( rhodium & phosphorus4 ,! oil ( rhodium seems to possess an irresi/ible attraction = ^! v]m94 ,:5 dry food is pref]r$1 !re is no?+ s good z oatmeal2 & x is a gold5 rule to fe$ ! ,rats = a few days ) pure oatmeal1 & !n to mix ab\t a f\r? "p ( ars5ic ) x4 ,sev]al propriet>y articles are (f]$ = ! de/ruction ( ,rats4 ,be=e resort+ to ^! means ( annihilat+ v]m9 x is necess>y to take /eps to prev5t ! bodies f prov+ a nuisance aft] dea?4 ,a good fox-t]ri] w keep a l>ge g>d5 free f ,rats & ,mice4 ,,! ,,fungus ,,pe/s ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,g>d5 ,,plants ,_m ( our g>d5 plants are liable to ! attacks ( fungi4 ,cures are 9 mo/ in/ances unkn[n1 b 9 "s cases prev5tives--:i* are bett]--h be5 adopt$ ) p>tial or entire success4 ,plants rais$ f robu/ /ocks1 gr[n 9 suitable soil & "u fav\rable conditions1 are kn[n to be less liable to disease ?an se$l+s f feeble p>5ts1 or ^? :i* h be5 r5d]$ weakly by defici5cies 9 ! soil or faulty cultivation4 ,:e!r weakness is h]$it>y1 or is attributable to a bad sy/em1 ! fact rema9s t disease g5]ally beg9s ) unheal?y specim5s1 & ^! =m c5tres ( contam9ation f :i* ! mis*ief spreads4 ,x is1 !re=e1 important t se$ f heal?y /ocks %\ld be s[n1 & t a vigor\s con/itution %\ld be develop$ by good cultivation4 ,anbury1 ,club1 or ,f+]-&-toe4--,! disease kn[n by ^! v>i\s names is common 9 ! roots ( cultivat$ crucif]\s plants su* z ,cabbages1 ,kohl ,rabi1 ,radi%es1 ,sw$es1 ,turnips1 c41 & also 9 _m crucif]\s we$s1 includ+ ,*>lock & ,%eph]d's ,purse4 ,! cause ( ?is disease is an extremely m9ute fungus1 :i* may lie dormant 9 ! soil = sev]al ye>s = want ( a com=table home1 & :5 a crucif]\s plant becomes available ! fungus fa/5s on ! f9e roots1 multiplies rapidly 9 ! tissues1 & produces mal=mation & decay4 ,aft] ! disease has made "s progress insect ag5cy frequ5tly augm5ts ! mis*ief1 s t on cutt+ op5 a l>ge decay+ root x is n unusual to f9d ! int]ior pack$ ) millip$es1 weevils1 wireworms1 & o!r gr\nd v]m94 ,unlike ! ,potato disease1 :i* spreads f plant to plant ?r\gh ! atmosph]e1 ! fungus ( ,f+]-&-toe infects ! gr\nd1 & f ! fir/ spot attack$ ! disease spreads rapidly 9 all directions & 9 v>i\s ways4 ,x may be c>ri$ by ! soil adh]+ to implem5ts or ! boots ( lab\r]s4 ,& ea* pat* becomes a new c5tre ( infection :i* is spread by digg+ or rak+4 ,e scrap ( infect$ soil1 or ( diseas$ fibre :i* may be add$ to ! manure-heap1 di/ributes ! virus ov] a wid] area1 s t ,f+]-&-toe may sudd5ly appe> 9 p>ts ( ! g>d5 :i* h hi!rto be5 free f ?is tr\blesome pe/4 ,a v simple exp]im5t w prove ! c]ta9ty & ease ) :i* ! spores may be introduc$ to fre% l&4 ,mac]ate ! tissue ( old ,f+]-&-toe 9 wat]2 use ?is on "y isolat$ plants ( ,cabbage or ,turnip & 9 a %ort "t ! plants w be infect$4 ,! fungus :i* produces ,f+]-&-toe is kn[n z ,plasmodiophora brassic1 & x belongs to ! ,myxomycetes1 or #8slime-fungi1' :i*1 z a rule1 live ^u decay+ vegetable mat]ial4 ,! protoplasm ( ! fungus ramifies among & )9 ! tissues ( ! roots ( attack$ plants1 & ev5tually produces an amaz+ numb] ( spores s small t m ?an ?irty millions w\ld be requir$ to cov] a sup]ficial in*4 ,a microscope ( great p[] is necess>y to reveal !m to human vision4 ,illu/ration3 ,fungus ( ,f+]-&-,toe ,disease ,,fungus ,,( ,,f+]-,,&-,,toe ,,disease ,plasmodiophora brassic ,! spores are capable ( re/+ 9 a /ate ( vitality = a long "t1 & c easily )/& ! fro/s ( w9t]4 ,! illu/ration %[s at ,a ! fungus 9 its protoplasmic condition1 & at ,b its ultimate sporif]\s or #8se$'-produc+ /age1 aft] ! protoplasm has *ang$ to a mass ( m9ute spores 7enl>g$ five hundr$ & tw5ty diamet]s74 ,:5 a spore 9 due c\rse g]m9ates1 its protoplasmic cont5ts escape ?r\gh a small ap]ture 9 its wall & beg9 mov+ ab\t ( _! own accord 9 a sl[ wri?+ mann]4 ,! movem5t is s mu* l t ( ! microscopic animal organism f\nd 9 ponds1 & call$ ,amba1 t ?is t9y mass ( mov+ protoplasm is call$ ,myxamba1 to d5ote t x is an amba-l =m produc$ by "o ( ! ,myxomycetes4 ,ea* myxamba is drawn out at "o spot into a f9e delicate tail or cilium1 z at ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 & is capable ( a creep+ motion 9 moi/ure4 ,:5 q free f ! spores1 transp>5t expansions or limbs ext5d f ! bodies ( ! myxamb1 z at ,f1 ,g1 & :5 ^! organisms1 aft] exi/+ 9 ! soil = a long] or %ort] "t1 rea* ! roots ( crucif]\s plants1 :i* !y app>5tly ent] ?r\gh ! root-hairs1 !y aga9 assume ! protoplasmic condition %[n at ,a1 & live )9 ! cells1 at ! exp5se ( ! nurse-plant4 ,o!r crucif]\s plants are less s]i\sly damag$ by ! pe/ ?an are ,turnips & ,cabbages2 b x is evid5t t if diseas$ ,*>lock is ne> ,turnips1 ! latt] are v likely to fall a prey to ! disease4 ,we advise ! s[+ ( ! be/ se$s1 ! eradication ( crucif]\s we$s1 & ! de/ruction by fire ( all decay+ ,f+]-&-toe mat]ial1 = x is 9 ?is mat]ial t ! spores ( ! disease re/ ready = cont9u+ ! disease 9 ! foll[+ season4 ,x is also desirable t crucif]\s plants %\ld n be cont9u\sly gr[n 9 ! same qu>t]--9 o!r words1 x w\ld be prud5t aft] an attack ( ,anbury n to repeat a crucif]\s crop on ! same gr\nd1 b to foll[ on ) a crop ( "s o!r class4 ,num]\s exp]im5ts h %[n t slak$ lime c be reli$ on to de/roy ! spores ( ,f+]-&-toe 9 infe/$ l&4 ,an application ( f f\rte5 to tw5ty-eight p\nds p] pole may suffice 9 ! case ( light soils1 b fifty-six p\nds p] pole w n be too mu* on heavy l&1 & ! dress+ %\ld be giv5 ei!r six or eighte5 mon?s be=e a ,cabbage or ,turnip crop is s[n2 ! long] p]iod is ! m c]ta9 9 its effect4 ,pref]5ce %\ld be giv5 to /one or rock lime ov] *alk lime4 ,! =m] is mu* m p[]ful & effici5t4 ,x may be necess>y to repeat ! dress+ twelve mon?s aft] ! fir/ application4 ,z reg>ds ! occurr5ce ( ,anbury 9 se$-b$s1 frequ5t transplantation is a v effectual mode ( /opp+ its progress1 = ! little galls c be p9*$ (f by ! workman1 & burn$ z he proce$s2 & ! plant1 be+ invigorat$ by *ange ( soil1 w soon gr[ away f ! affection4 ,9 transplant+ ,cabbages x is a good plan to disc>d & burn su* plants z are obvi\sly affect$ ) ,anbury4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t 9 m>ket-g>d5s ?is disease is by no means s preval5t z to int]f]e ) ! r\t9e ( cultivation1 al?\gh ! ,cabbages1 ,broccoli1 & ,caulifl[]s gr[n 9 ^! gr\nds are1 "u o!r circum/ances1 especially liable to attack4 ,by #8o!r circum/ances' we mean t m>ket-g>d5s are g5]ally kept "u high cultivation1 ! l& be+ p]petually turn$ & heavily manur$2 & ^! measures appe> to be a prev5tive ( ,anbury1 :ile !y result 9 heavy crops4 ,b on l& less en]getically till$ ,anbury may prevail to su* an ext5t z to int]f]e s]i\sly ) ! ord] ( cropp+4 ,ano!r v important mode ( keep+ d[n ! pe/ consi/s 9 burn+ in/ead ( bury+ ! /umps & all o!r refuse ( ! crop t _c be turn$ to acc\nt4 ,confusion may be prev5t$ if we po9t out t ,club-root1 ,anbury1 or ,f+]-&-toe--:i*ev] "n may be us$--is q di/9ct f an app>5tly simil> mal=mation ( ! root :i* is sometimes induc$ by c]ta9 *>act]i/ics ( soil1 se$1 or manure1 & is 9 fact a case ( rev]sion to ! orig9al wild type4 ,in/ead ( a %apely1 solid ,turnip1 ! bulb is divid$ into a numb] ( co>se1 wor?less tap-roots1 caus$ by ei!r pov]ty ( ! soil1 c>eless cultivation1 or a deg5]at$ /ock ( se$4 ,^? :o save _! own se$ cont9u\sly = ye>s are almo/ c]ta9 to become well acqua9t$ ) ?is malady4 ,!y w f9d a *ange ( se$ necess>y1 & at ! same "t an alt]ation 9 ! r\t9e ( culture4 ,a heal?y1 vigor\s plant1 d]iv$ f a pure se$-/ock1 does n easily make ,f+]-&-toe1 b a s\nd root t /&s = food & money4 #8,grub4'--,! w>t-l gr[?s =m$ ^u ! roots ( ,turnip & ,cabbage by ! little h>d beetle kn[n z ! ,turnip-gall ,weevil1 ,ceutorhyn*us pleuro/igma1 are also q di/9ct f ,f+]-&-toe4 ,by cutt+ across a mal=m$ root ( ,turnip or ,cabbage x is usually n difficult to det]m9e ! cause ( ! mis*ief4 ,if x is ,f+]-&-toe ! root w be f\nd fill$ ) decay+ matt]2 9 ! case ( ,weevil attack ! small legless maggots1 commonly call$ #8,grub1' w be br\ght into view2 & if x is m]ely an in/ance ( rev]sion ! cut root w appe> to be heal?y4 ,potato ,disease4--,! fungus :i* causes ! ,potato ,disease1 or #8,blight' z x is sometimes call$1 0 =m]ly kn[n z ,p]onospora infe/ans2 n[ x is recognis$ by sci5tific au?orities z ,phytoph?ora infe/ans4 ,! m>k ( its pe/il5t t\* on ! foliage1 & its de/ructive effect on ! tub]s1 are un=tunately too famili> 9 g>d5s & on f>ms4 ,9 dry seasons its en]gies are re/rict$1 b ! sc\rge is nev] abs5t1 & dur+ wet summ]s ! p>asite may d its deadly "w on su* a va/ scale z to cause a ,potato fam9e4 ,moi/ure is a necessity ( its exi/5ce1 & 9 rott+ haulm1 decay$ tub]s1 & damp soil ! spores rema9 9 a re/+ condition until !y are af=d$ an opportunity ( multiply+ ) ! m>vell\s rapidity t inve/s ! disease ) its t]rible p[]4 ,a s]ies ( six illu/rations1 five ( :i* are highly magnifi$1 w enable ! read] to foll[ ! developm5t ( ,phytoph?ora infe/ans4#a ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #a4 ,no4 #a4 ,! illu/ration ,no4 #a %[s a ,potato leaf on a r$uc$ scale disfigur$ by ! attack ( ! fungus4 ,! ,phytoph?ora is s5d+ mycelial ?reads 7call$ hyph7 9 all directions ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ! leaf1 fe$+ on ! protoplasm ( ! cells & de/roy+ ! *lorophyll1 or leaf-gre51 9 ^? cells4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #b4 & #c4 ,no4 #b4 ,no4 #c4 ,no4 #b %[s ! fungal ?reads at "w4 ,9 a diseas$ ,potato plant ^! ?reads1 or mycelial hyph1 make _! way ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ! leaves1 & d[n ! haulm into ! tub]s1 f :i* !y consume ! food /or$ !re4 ,no4 #c exhibits ! v>i\s /ages ( g]m9ation ( "o ( ! conidia ( ,phytoph?ora infe/ans3 7a7 ! ripe conidium 9 wat]2 7b7 protoplasmic cont5ts break+ up into blocks1 :i* sep>ate & escape 7c & d7 z m9ute kidney-%ap$ zoospores 7e7 ea* ) two cilia2 7f & g7 ! zoospore com+ to re/ & los+ its cilia2 7h1 i1 j1 & k7 successive /ages ( g]m9ation ( ! zoospore4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #d4 ,no4 #d4 ,no4 #d repres5ts a longitud9al section ( ,potato-/alk ) g]m9at+ zoospore1 ! g]m-tube ( :i* has pi]c$ ! cell-wall1 & is gr[+ inside ! cell1 z %[n at 4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #e4 & #f4 ,no4 #e4 ,no4 #f ,no4 #e af=ds a view ( ano!r piece ( tissue ( ! /em ( a ,potato plant1 & %[s ! hyph ( ,phytoph?ora infe/ans runn+ 9 ! cell-walls2 7a7 nucleus ( a cell2 ! o!r cont5ts %[n are cry/als & *lorophyll corpuscles4 ,no4 #f is a section ( a ,potato tub]3 ,a1 ! cell-walls2 ,b1 ! />* gra9s2 ,c1 ! mycelial hyph4 ,spray+ ,potato plants twice or ?rice ) ,bordeaux mixture has prov$ effective 9 w>d+ (f ! attack ( ,phytoph?ora infe/ans1 & ! practice is n[ freely adopt$1 especially 9 humid di/ricts4 ,! fir/ application %\ld be giv5 t[>ds ! end ( ,june or e>ly 9 ,july1 imm$iately ! haulm is suffici5tly develop$4 ,! ,bordeaux mixture is made 9 ! proportion ( f\r p\nds ( pure copp] sulphate & two p\nds ( quicklime to =ty gallons ( wat]4 ,! =ego+ quantities w give :at is kn[n z ! "o p] c5t4 mixture4 ,= ! two p] c5t4 mixture ! quantities ( copp] sulphate & quicklime mu/ be d\bl$1 b ! am\nt ( wat] %\ld rema9 at =ty gallons4 ,9 its effect on ! fungus1 h[ev]1 little diff]5ce is to be f\nd betwe5 ! two solutions4 ,! copp] sulphate is /irr$ into a few gallons ( hot wat] plac$ 9 a wood5 tub or e>!nw>e vessel4 ,:5 q dissolv$1 add tw5ty or ?irty gallons ( cold wat]4 ,! lime1 :i* mu/ be fre%ly burnt quicklime1 is !n slak$ 9 ano!r vessel & ?or\ghly /irr$ ) two or ?ree gallons ( wat] until x is ( ! consi/5cy ( ?9 cream4 ,z soon z ! liquid is q cold1 filt] x ?r\gh co>se sack+ into ! copp] sulphate solution & add wat] to make a total ( =ty gallons4 ,to be effective1 ,bordeaux mixture mu/ be appli$ 9 ! =m ( a f9e spray1 & n ) a co>se-hol$ syr+e4 ,! ,burgundy mixture1 ! use ( :i* is pref]r$ by "s1 acts 9 a v simil> mann] to ! ,bordeaux mixture1 & is made 9 ! same way z ! latt]1 except t wa%+ soda 7five p\nds7 is sub/itut$ = quicklime4 ,^? :o leave ,potatoes to rot 9 ! gr\nd because ! crop is n wor? digg+1 or :o bury diseas$ haulm & tub]s 9 a %all[ tr5*1 "u ! impression t x is a safe way ( gett+ rid ( wor?less vegetation1 are simply /or+ ,phytoph?ora = ano!r attack 9 ! ev5t ( ,potatoes be+ plant$ 9 ! same l& aga94 ,if buri$ at all1 x mu/ be at a consid]able dep?1 b ! effectual me?od is to de/roy all ,potato refuse by fire4 ,w>t ,disease 7,black ,scab7 ( ,potatoes 7,syn*ytrium endobioticum1 ,p]cival74--,?is extremely infecti\s & de/ructive disease ( ! ,potato has be5 giv5 a v>iety ( names 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 b x is n[ g5]ally kn[n z ! ,w>t or ,caulifl[] ,disease1 ! latt] t]m be+ attributable to ! ,caulifl[]-l appe>ance ( ! outgr[? ( ! fungus4 ,?is outgr[? fir/ %[s 9 ! eyes ( ! "y ,potato 9 ! =m ( small wr9kl$ w>ts4 ,^! multiply & comb9e1 ?us creat+ a d>k spongy scab :i* ev5tually decomposes4 ,:]e ! disease is v rife x attacks haulm z well z tub]s1 & a yell[i%-gre5 mass may sometimes be f\nd j above or j bel[ ! surface ( ! soil4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 no outw>d indication ( its exi/5ce is to be se5 9 ! crop dur+ ! e>ly /ages ( gr[?1 b t[>ds ! end ( ! season ! haulm ( badly diseas$ plants (t5 reta9s a fre% gre5 appe>ance :5 ! foliage ( o!rs1 :i* are heal?y or only slightly attack$1 is dy+ (f4 ,infection is p]haps mo/ commonly spread by ! plant+ ( diseas$ tub]s4 ,ano!r frequ5t means ( dissem9ation is caus$ by consign+ infect$ haulm to ! wa/e heap in/ead ( to ! fire4 ,! spores may also be introduc$ 9 manure f animals f$ on diseas$ ,potatoes 9 a raw /ate1 & !y may ev5 be c>ri$ f "o plot to ano!r on g>d5 implem5ts or ! boots ( ^? :o walk across infect$ gr\nd4 ,imm$iately any sign ( ! disease is obs]v$ x %\ld be dealt ) promptly & 9 no unc]ta9 mann]4 ,e p>ticle ( ! infect$ mat]ial mu/ be c>efully collect$ & burn$4 ,dig out ! soil ar\nd all diseas$ plants & burn ?is also4 ,on infect$ l& x is important t "s crop o!r ?an ,potatoes be tak5 9 ! season foll[+ ! outbreak1 &1 if possible1 su* l& %\ld n be us$ = ,potatoes = at lea/ five or six ye>s4 ,b :]e g>d5 space is limit$1 a contam9at$ plot may h to be requisition$ = ,potatoes )9 two or ?ree ye>s4 ,9 su* cases x is an excell5t plan to du/ ! sets freely ) sulphur at ! "t ( plant+ & to repeat ! application be=e e>?+ up4 ,al?\gh = "s ye>s ! unremitt+ lab\r ( exp]ts has be5 devot$ to ! inve/igation ( ,w>t ,disease1 & innum]able exp]im5ts h be5 und]tak51 no effectual rem$y has yet be5 discov]$4 ,x has be5 f\nd1 h[ev]1 t c]ta9 ,potatoes are resi/ant to ! disease1 & by ord] ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies none b #8immune' v>ieties may be plant$ 9 di/ricts s*$ul$ z infect$ areas4 ,a notification ( ! exi/5ce ( ,w>t ,disease mu/ be made to ! ,m9i/ry imm$iately x is obs]v$4 ,leaf ,spot ( ,cel]y4--,?is disease1 :i* is caus$ by a m9ute fungus 7,septoria apii1 ,*e/]71 is capable ( inflict+ s]i\s damage to ! ,cel]y crop unless prompt measures are tak5 to ext]m9ate x4 ,! fir/ sign ( its appe>ance is to be f\nd 9 ! leaves 9 ! =m ( small br[n pat*es4 ,^! are1 h[ev]1 q di/9ct f ! spots defici5t ( leaf-gre5 due to ! attack ( ! ,cel]y ,fly l>v1 & on close exam9ation may be recognis$ by ! pres5ce ( a numb] ( v small black po9ts4 ,f ! leaves ! fungus quickly spreads ov] ! leaf-/alks & f9ally to ! he>t ( ! plant1 end+ 9 its total collapse4 ,s rapid is ! multiplication ( ! spores1 especially 9 moi/ wea!r1 t a few diseas$ plants are capable ( infect+ a l>ge plot )9 two or ?ree weeks4 ,imm$iately discoloration ( a leaf is notic$ ! affect$ portion ( ! plant %\ld be pick$ (f4 ,if ! /age ( ! disease is s f> advanc$ t ! out] leaf-/alks h become decay$1 ! entire plant %\ld be remov$ & de/roy$4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance t e p>ticle ( diseas$ mat]ial be consign$ to ! fire & n to ! wa/e heap4 ,spray+ ?ree or f\r times ) ,bordeaux mixture at int]vals ( two or ?ree weeks may be helpful 9 ! case ( a light attack1 b ! safe/ c\rse always is to remove & de/roy any plant on :i* ! fungus is f\nd4 ,"o ( ! mo/ frequ5t means ( introduc+ ,leaf ,spot ( ,cel]y is ?r\gh ! use ( infect$ se$1 & !re=e only se$ :i* has be5 treat$ = ! de/ruction ( ! fungus %\ld be s[n4 ,lettuce ,mildew4--,?is fungus is nam$ ,bremia lactuc1 =m]ly kn[n z ,p]onospora ganglioni=mis1 & is sometimes ( ! mo/ de/ructive "*4 ,x cov]s ,lettuce leaves ) a f9e :ite bloom1 :i* decomposes ! leaves1 & makes !m adh]e toge!r 9 "o putresc5t mass4 ,x %\ld be look$ = 9 its e>lie/ /ages1 & be h&-pick$ & burn$4 ,old ,lettuce /umps %\ld likewise be pull$ & burn$1 o!rwise !y may h>b\r ! disease4 ,onion ,mildew is caus$ by ! fungus ,p]onospora ,s*leid5i1 :i* is occasionally disa/r\s 9 its effects1 m especially 9 cold1 wet seasons4 ,x occurs at unc]ta9 int]vals ( "t ) extraord9>y virul5ce1 & !n utt]ly de/roys ! crops4 ,autumn s[+ is consid]$ a good prev5tive by _m gr[]s1 z ! disease is frequ5tly fatal to spr+ se$l+s4 ,9 its e>ly /ages ! mildew may be successfully dealt ) by freely du/+ ! plants ) fl[]s ( sulphur :5 wet ) dew1 or by ! application ( sulphide ( potassium 9 ! proportion ( "o ounce to a gallon ( wat]4 ,o!rwise all diseas$ mat]ial %\ld be remov$ & burn$4 ,pea ,disease4--,al?\gh g>d5 ,peas (t5 suff] badly f ! attacks ( ,p]onospora vici1 :i* is ! cause ( ,pea ,m\ld1 yet ! mo/ deadly foe to ,peas1 especially late ,peas1 is a fungus ( a totally diff]5t "*4 ,to su* an ext5t does ! ,pea ,blight sometimes deva/ate ! lat] ,peas1 p>ticul>ly 9 dry summ]s1 t ! :ole crop is 9 "s g>d5s completely annihilat$4 ,! "n ( ! fungus ( ! ,pea ,blight or ,mildew is ,erysiphe ,m>tii4 ,its attack is (t5 made sudd5ly2 ! leaves !n lose _! natural gre5 col\r1 & become yell[i% & d5sely coat$ ) a f9e :ite bloom2 ?is bloom becomes at l5g? du/$ ov] ) innum]able m9ute black bodies1 :i* look1 "u a l5s1 l t9y spid]s'-eggs 9 ! web4 ,^! little black bodies are fill$ ) extremely small transp>5t vessels1 & ea* vessel conta9s f f\r to eight spores or se$s4 ,our illu/ration %[s ?is ,erysiphe enl>g$ "o hundr$ diamet]s1 ) two ( ! vessels conta9+ ! spores remov$ f ! globul> spots & fur!r enl>g$4 ,! only safe way ( deal+ ) infe/$ ,pea plants is to burn !m4 ,_m o!r species ( fungi belong+ to ! same g5us attack fruit trees1 vegetables1 & g>d5 fl[]s4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 unnecess>y to illu/rate !m1 z !y m or less resemble ! fungus ( ,pea ,blight4 ,!y all arise f an ,odium condition1 simil> to ! ,odium or ,mildew ( ! ,v9e1 & x is 9 ?is condition alone1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,v9e1 t !y c be rea*$ by any fungicide4 ,illu/ration3 ,fungus ( ,pea ,,fungus ,,( ,,pea ,,mildew ,erysiphe ,m>tii ,tomato ,diseases4--,! ,tomato1 l its ne> relative1 ! ,potato1 is subject to a numb] ( de/ructive diseases :i* spread rapidly if all[$ to become e/abli%$4 ,! mo/ s]i\s ( ^! epidemics are f\nd among crops cultivat$ "u glass1 :]e ! =c+ treatm5t :i* !y (t5 receive1 & ! soil & atmosph]ic conditions1 r5d] ! plants abnormally susceptible to ! attacks ( fungi & insect pe/s4 ,p]haps ! mo/ virul5t =ms ( disease ) :i* ! ,tomato-gr[] is tr\bl$ arise f ! attacks ( p>asitic fungi & bact]ia1 among :i* ! foll[+ are mo/ frequ5tly met )3-- ,,sleepy ,,disease1 or ,,tomato ,,wilt4--,9 its outw>d symptoms & effects ?is disease some:at resembles an attack ( ,root-knot ,eelworm1 b ! swell+s are abs5t f ! root4 ,! plants = a "t appe> q vigor\s & heal?y1 b :5 full-gr[n !y sudd5ly wilt & die )9 a few days4 ,! malady is caus$ by ! fungus ,fus>ium lycop]sici1 :i* fir/ invades ! roots & ultimately eats its way ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ! coll> or /em ne> ! surface ( ! soil1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! supply ( wat] tak5 up by ! roots is cut (f f ! leaves above gr\nd & ! plant collapses4 ,!re is no rem$y = ! ,sleepy ,disease ( ,tomato1 & plants :i* be> evid5ce ( infection %\ld be c>efully dug up & burn$4 ,,tomato #8,,/ripe4'--,?is disease ( ! ,tomato is comp>atively common1 & al?\gh ! attacks are sometimes slight its ravages may be disa/r\s :5 conditions are fav\rable = its developm5t4 ,! pres5ce ( ,tomato ,/ripe is usually fir/ notic$ ab\t ! "t fruit is =m+4 ,! /ems ( ! diseas$ plants !n exhibit d>k spots & elongat$ sunk5 /ripes ( a br[n t9t1 & yell[ pat*es1 :i* turn br[n lat]1 appe> on ! leaves4 ,br[n pits or depressions develop on ! fruits & spoil _! appe>ance4 ,! disease has be5 trac$ to ! action ( a bact]ium :i* closely resembles1 or is id5tical )1 t caus+ ,/ripe among ,sweet ,peas4 ,?is organism probably resides 9 ! soil1 & ! signs ( its attack are (t5 visible 9 "y plants4 ,9 sev]e cases ! soil ( ! h\se %\ld be remov$ & replac$ ) fre% loam4 ,b :5 only slight traces ( ! disease are app>5t1 p>tial /]ilisation ( ! soil by means ( c>bolic acid1 z recomm5d$ = ,root-knot ,eelworm on page #dbe1 may be adopt$4 ,"o ( ! sure/ means ( gu>d+ aga9/ losses by ,/ripe disease1 is to promote robu/ heal?y gr[?1 & to avoid extreme =c+ conditions1 p>ticul>ly by ! excessive use ( nitrog5\s manures4 ,:]e1 h[ev]1 =c+ manures may h be5 employ$ 9 too l>ge a quantity1 an application ( pota% 79 ! =m ( ka9it or sulphate ( pota%7 & phosphatic f]tilis]s %\ld be giv5 to c\nt]act ! effect ( ! nitrog54 ,imm$iately any trace ( ! disease is f\nd1 remove ! affect$ "p ( ! plant1 if x is possible to d s )\t s]i\s injury1 b o!rwise ! entire plant %\ld be uproot$ & de/roy$ by fire4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! organism c be c>ri$ on ! f+]s & on tools1 & !re=e knives ) :i* affect$ plants h be5 trimm$ %\ld be /]ilis$ ) lysol or "s o!r antiseptic solution be=e be+ us$ on heal?y plants4 ,,tomato-,,leaf ,,ru/4--,! leaves ( ! plant attack$ by ?is disease rapidly become cov]$ ) a dull br[ni% velvety m\ld1 or fungus1 kn[n z ,cladosporium fulvum4 ,f ! m\ldy spots & pat*es ?\s&s ( spores are readily c>ri$ by a slight curr5t ( air to ! surr\nd+ heal?y crop1 & unless prompt measures are tak5 to *eck ! pe/ ! :ole h\se is rapidly involv$4 ,excessive atmosph]ic moi/ure enc\rages ! m\ld1 & x is spread ext5sively if diseas$ plants are spray$ ) wat] 9 ! pres5ce ( heal?y ones4 ,judici\s managem5t 9 air-giv+1 :i* is "o ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( successful ,tomato culture1 w d mu* to prev5t ! attack ( ,cladosporium fulvum4 ,"u regul> exam9ation ! pres5ce ( ! disease w be reveal$ be=e consid]able damage c be inflict$1 & :5 only a few leaves are affect$1 c>efully remove & consign !m to ! fire4 ,spray+ ) ! ,bordeaux mixture at half ! usual /r5g? is recomm5d$ :5 ! disease is fir/ notic$4 ,:5 ! plants are be>+ fl[]s or fruit1 fungicides conta9+ copp] mu/ n be us$1 b a solution ( liv] ( sulphur1 "o ounce dissolv$ 9 six gallons ( wat]1 employ$ in/ead4 ,,root-,,knot ,,eelworm4--,a dang]\s insect pe/ :i* frequ5tly attacks ! ,tomato1 9 common ) ! ,cucumb] & ,melon1 is ! ,root-knot ,eelworm 7,het]od]a radicicola74 ,! root on :i* ! swoll5 pea-l knots develop d n c>ry on _! ord9>y functions1 & ! leaves droop1 ! /em becomes limp1 & ! :ole plant soon collapses & dies if ! tr\ble is sev]e4 ,! treatm5t sugge/$ on page #dbe %\ld be adopt$4 ,sometimes ! outdoor ,tomato crop is attack$ by ,phytoph?ora infe/ans1 ! fungus responsible = ! ,potato ,disease3 ,bordeaux mixture %\ld be us$ to *eck x4 ,directions = prep>+ ! ,bordeaux mixture are giv5 on page #ddj4 ,ano!r useful prep>ation :i* *ecks _m fungus diseases may be made by dissolv+ "o ounce ( potassium sulphide 7liv] ( sulphur7 9 ?ree or f\r gallons ( wat]1 to :i* %\ld be add$ an ounce or two ( s(t soap4 ,! la/ nam$ greatly assi/s 9 ! complete & uni=m wett+ ( all p>ts ( ! foliage4 ,,! ,,fungus ,,pe/s ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,fl[]s ,c9]>ia & ,s5ecio ,disease4--,s5ecio pul*]1 soon aft] its introduction into ,engl&1 0 attack$1 & 9 "s g>d5s completely de/roy$1 by a fungus nam$ ,pucc9ia glom]ata1 or r ! ,ur$o /age ( ?is fungus ) simple1 n comp\nd1 spores4 ,! fungus is well kn[n1 be+ closely alli$ to t :i* causes ! ru/ or mildew ( corn crops4 ,x is v common on ! wild species ( ,gr\ndsel 9 ,engl&1 be+ especially frequ5t & virul5t on ! ,ragwort ,gr\ndsel1 ,s5ecio ,jacobea1 f ,augu/ to ,octob]4 ,! leaves ( infect$ plants are cov]$ ) ru/-col\r$ du/y pu/ules1 ! ,ur$o condition ( ! fungus1 & kn[n 9 ?is /age z ,ur$o s5ecionis1 sometimes t]m$ ,tri*obasis s5ecionis4 ,! fungus has a ,pucc9ia /age ( gr[? v simil> to t ( ! ,hollyhock fungus1 ,pucc9ia malvace>um4 ,illu/ration3 ,fungus ( ,s5ecio ,disease ,,fungus ,,( ,,s5ecio ,,disease ,ur$o s5ecionis ,at ,a is illu/rat$ a fragm5t ( a leaf ( ,s5ecio pul*]1 natural size1 & cov]$ ) ! orange-col\r$ fungus2 at ,b a small "p ( a ,ur$o pu/ule z se5 bur/+ ?r\gh ! cuticle ( ! ,s5ecio leaf4 ,no rem$ial measures = ! extirpation ( ?is fungus are kn[n1 b z g>d5 ,s5ecios & ,c9]>ias are infect$ by diseas$ plants ( ,wild ,gr\ndsel1 x is desirable t plants ( ! latt] 7especially :5 diseas$7 %\ld be de/roy$4 ,we$s 9 & ab\t g>d5s are a common cause ( disease 9 cultivat$ plants4 ,x (t5 happ5s t a we$1 be+ /urdy1 is only slightly inconv5i5c$ :5 attack$1 :il/ a cultivat$ plant w spe$ily succumb if attack$ by ! same fungus4 ,?is is ! case 9 ! ,semp]vivum disease4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! common ,h\se ,leek is ! nurse-plant1 & is seldom mu* injur$2 b if ! disease ,endophyllum semp]vivi gets among gre5h\se species1 e plant may be utt]ly de/roy$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fungi ( ,gladioli1 ,lilies1 etc4 ,,fungi ,,( ,,gladioli1 ,,lilies1 ,,etc4 ,urocy/is gladioli & ,ovul>ia elliptica ,gladiolus1 ,crocus1 ,n>cissus1 & ,lily ,diseases4--,9 c]ta9 soils & situations :]e ! gr\nd is heavy & ! atmosph]e incl9$ to be humid ! ,gladiolus is v subject to a de/ructive fungoid disease4 ,?is is especially ! case dur+ unusually wet summ]s4 ,! disease attacks ! corm1 & corrodes & decomposes ! tissues1 s t on cutt+ op5 a corm ! :ole int]ior1 or su* p>ts z are diseas$1 w be f\nd p]meat$ ) a deep1 foxy col\r4 ,x is believ$ by "s p]sons t "o /age ( ?is disease is id5tical ) ! disease nam$ #8,tacon' by ! ,fr5*1 & 9 ?is c\ntry kn[n z #8,copp] ,web1' ,rhizoctonia crocorum4 ,?is ,rhizoctonia is a m]e spawn or mycelium1 a mass ( ru/y-br[n mat]ial l a ?ick coat+ ( spid]'s web ( a r$ t9t4 ,?is p>asite attacks ! ,crocus 7especially ,c4 sativus71 ! ,n>cissus1 ,asp>agus1 ,potato1 & o!r plants4 ,imm]s$ 9 ! s(t] & damp] portions ( ! r$ sub/ance ( ! corm may frequ5tly be f\nd great numb]s ( l>ge comp\nd spores1 z illu/rat$ at ,a 7enl>g$ two hundr$ & fifty diamet]s74 ,^! bodies belong to ! fungus nam$ ,urocy/is gladioli2 b :e!r !y really belong to ! spawn nam$ ,rhizoctonia !re is no conclusive evid5ce1 z ! spores h nev] be5 se5 on ! ?reads or ^u any spawn4 ,! spores are v ornam5tal objects1 consi/+ ( f ?ree to six compact$ inn] br[n bodies1 surr\nd$ by an indef9ite numb] ( transp>5t cells4 ,at maturity ^! spores break up z at ,b1 & are ! means ( reproduc+ ! fungus4 ,! ,col*icum is attack$ by a closely alli$ b diff]5t species ( ,urocy/is--viz4 ,u4 col*ici4 ,! ,ranunculace are attack$ by ano!r ally 9 ,u4 pompholygodes & ,rye is attack$ by a ?ird 9 ,u4 occulta4 ,no me?od ( cure has yet be5 publi%$ = ?is pe/2 x is1 h[ev]1 desirable t only s\nd & good corms %\ld be plant$1 = if infect$ corms are plac$ 9 ! gr\nd x is "o c]ta9 means ( propagat+ ! disease4 ,! b>s %[n across ! illu/ration ( ?is disease are magnific5t cry/als1 v common 9 ,gladiolus corms4 ,lilies are v subject to a disease 9 e>ly summ]3 ! leaves get spott$ & damp1 & rot (f2 ! fl[] buds spe$ily foll[1 & leave ! b>e /alk4 ,! disease ( ,lilies is caus$ by a fungus closely alli$ to ! fungus ( ! ,potato disease1 & nam$ ,ovul>ia elliptica1 kn[n also z ,botrytis elliptica 7see illu/ration ,c74 ,! spores are l>ge1 & produce zoospores1 or spores ) hair-l tails 7cilia71 capable ( swimm+ ab\t 9 wat] or ^u moi/ places4 ,?is pe/ attacks a l>ge numb] ( species ( ,lilium1 bo? be=e & aft] fl[]+4 ,hyac9?us c&icans & "s ,tulips suff] f a v simil>1 if n ! same1 organism4 ,?is fungus has be5 describ$ z a true ,p]onospora4 ,bulbs are subject to _m fungus gr[?s z ,volutella hyac9?orum1 ,didymium ,s[]bei1 c42 _m fungi foll[ ! decay ( ! bulb1 o!rs und\bt$ly produce or greatly accel]ate decay4 ,no rem$y is kn[n1 b we advise ! pur*ase ( ! s\nde/ & be/ bulbs4 ,good dra9age & suffici5t air are indisp5sable4 ,all infect$ foliage & /ems %\ld be burn$4 ,disease ( ,hollyhocks & ,malvace\s ,plants4--,9 "s p>ts ( ,engl& ! cultivation ( ! ,hollyhock _h at "o "t q ceas$ ow+ to ! attacks ( a microscopic fungus nam$ ,pucc9ia malvace>um4 ,9 g>d5s & nurs]ies1 :]e ye>s ago ,hollyhocks 7 "o ( ! *ief ornam5ts ( ! place1 x became impossible to gr[ a s+le plant4 ,! disease is n conf9$ to ! ,hollyhock1 = x attacks _m malvace\s plants1 notably ! ,mall[s ( our h$gesides4 ,we h se5 plants ( ! :ite v>iety ( ! ,musk ,mall[ 7,malva mos*ata7 totally de/roy$ by ?is p>asite4 ,! home ( ! ,hollyhock fungus is ,*ili1 :5ce ! ,potato fungus rea*$ u4 ,! ,hollyhock fungus fir/ attack$ ! malvace\s plants ( ,au/ralia1 & !n rea*$ ,engl& 9 #ahgc by ! cont95t ( ,europe4 ,! be/ & cleane/ se$s ( ! ,hollyhock %\ld be pur*as$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fungus ( ,hollyhock ,,fungus ,,( ,,hollyhock ,,disease ,pucc9ia malvace>um ,a fragm5t ( a ,hollyhock leaf is illu/rat$ at ,a1 dott$ ) ! *>act]i/ic br[n pu/ules2 ^! pu/ules cov] ! /ems z well z ! leaves4 ,at ,b is %[n ! edge ( a pu/ule enl>g$ "o hundr$ diamet]s & se5 9 section2 to %[ ! :ole ( a pu/ule 9 section f six in*es to a foot ( space w\ld be requir$4 ,bur/+ ?r\gh ! sk9 ( ! plant may be se5 a d5se =e/ ( ?reads1 ea* ?read be>+ a spore ) a jo9t across ! middle4 ,"o pu/ule alone w produce ?\s&s ( ^! d\ble spores4 ,at ,c "s ( ! ?reads & spores are /ill fur!r enl>g$ to two hundr$ diamet]s1 & at ,d "o ripe spore is %[n fall+ f ! ?read & break+ asund]--ea* piece is a reproductive body or spore4 ,:5 mature1 ^! m9ute spores or #8se$s' are c>ri$ 9 ! air by millions4 ,at ,e "o ( ! comp\nd spores is enl>g$ to f\r hundr$ diamet]s4 ,z ?is disease is seat$ )9 ! tissues ( ! plant1 rem$ies are difficult ( application1 & 9 _m cases attempts at cure h fail$4 ,no d\bt ! fungus is nurs$ by malvace\s we$s4 ,infect$ ,hollyhock plants & alli$ we$s %\ld be de/roy$ by fire or by deep bury+4 ,poppy ,disease4--,g>d5 ,poppies are (t5 attack$ by a fungus pe/ closely alli$ to ! fungus ( ! ,potato disease1 & nam$ ,p]onospora arboresc5s4 ,x gr[s sometimes 9 abundance on ! common ,r$ ,poppy ( cornfields 7,papav] ,rhoeas71 & x badly attacks ,p4 somnif]um & all its g>d5 v>ieties4 ,! fungus gr[s )9 ! leaves1 & em]ges ) a tree-l gr[? ?r\gh ! organs ( transpiration 7! /omates7 on ! "u side ( ! leaves4 ,l ! fungus ( ! ,potato disease1 x spe$ily sets up decomposition1 & de/roys ! ho/-plant4 ,illu/ration3 ,fungus ( ,poppy ,,fungus ,,( ,,poppy ,,disease ,p]onospora arboresc5s ,at ,a is illu/rat$ "o ( ! /ems ( ! ,poppy ,p]onospora em]g+ f ! leaf1 enl>g$ sev5ty-five diamet]s4 ,! fungus ( ! ,poppy is v mu* m bran*$ ?an t ( ! ,potato1 & e m9ute bran*let c>ries a spore4 ,to save confusion1 a l>ge numb] ( spores are omitt$ f ! bran*lets 9 ! illu/ration1 & ! bran*es gr[+ f ! /em bo? be=e & beh9d are = ! same reason left out4 ,at ,b a tip ( a s+le bran* is %[n fur!r enl>g$ to f\r hundr$ diamet]s4 ,! spores 9 ! ,poppy fungus are unusually l>ge & num]\s3 an infect$ plant w ?r[ (f _m millions ( su* spores4 ,all ! putrefactive spawn ( ?is fungus is inside ! ho/-plant2 cure1 !re=e1 is difficult4 ,?is disease1 l e o!r plant disease1 is always at its wor/ 9 ill-kept places :]e r$ field ,poppies are abundant4 ,field ,poppies are (t5 s[n ) unclean corn4 ,z prev5tion is bett] ?an cure1 all we c advise is1 buy ! be/ & cleane/ g>d5 & field se$s1 cultivate 9 ! be/ way1 & look out = & burn1 or deeply bury z soon z detect$1 all disease-/rick5 plants1 :e!r wild or cultivat$4 ,:5 diseas$ plants ( any sort are left to decay on ! refuse-heap1 x is ! mo/ c]ta9 way ( propagat+ a plant disease = ! next ye>4 ,diseases ( ,violets4--,violets are subject to fungoid diseases1 bo? 9 spr+ & autumn4 ,! disease ( autumn is caus$ by ! br[n ,pucc9ia viol1 alli$ to ! ,p4 gram9is ( ,corn & to ! ,p4 malvace>um ( ,hollyhocks & v>i\s malvace\s plants4 ,! ,pucc9ia ( ,violets has its yell[i% or orange-col\r$ /age2 x is !n kn[n z ,tri*obasis1 or ,ur$o viol>um4 ,9 spr+ & e>ly summ] ,violets are (t5 badly affect$ by a fungus nam$ cidium viol1 :i* is app>5tly id5tical1 h[ev]1 ) ,pucc9ia viol4 ,?is disease attacks leaves1 /ems1 & sepals1 & x is be/ exam9$ on ! leaves4 ,9 ?is position x is se5 to consi/ ( a consid]able numb] ( m9ute yell[ pu/ules1 ea* pu/ule less 9 size ?an a p9's head1 & all congregat$ into "o flat circul> mass ( ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,?is pe/ is v frequ5t on ! ,dog ,violet1 b x is p]haps equally common on ! ,sweet ,violets ( our g>d5s 9 e>ly spr+1 & x n infrequ5tly spreads to o!r species ( ,viola4 ,"o ( ! mo/ de/ructive pe/s ( ,violas is f\nd 9 cidium depaup]ans1 s call$ because its effect is fir/ to />ve & att5uate1 & !n to totally de/roy1 plants ( ,viola cornuta4 ,x is a close ally ( ,ae4 viol1 b x diff]s 9 hav+ its m9ute cups or pu/ules irregul>ly di/ribut$ all ov] ! gre5 p>ts ( ! ho/-plant in/ead ( be+ congregat$ 9 circul> pat*es1 z 9 ,ae4 viol4 ,our illu/ration %[s1 at ,a1 a small portion ( ! /em ( ,viola cornuta attack$ by cidium depaup]ans4 ,! m9ute pu/ules are se5 7natural size7 di/ribut$ all ov] ! /em1 leaf-/alks1 & ru9$ leaves2 ! effect ( ! fungus gr[? is to decompose ! tissues ( ! plant4 ,at ,b1 a transv]se section ?r\gh ! /em is illu/rat$ & magnifi$ tw5ty diamet]s4 ,! section cuts ?r\gh sev]al ( ! abscess-l pu/ules1 & x is se5 h[ completely emb$d$ !y are 9 ! fle% ( ! plant4 ,at ,c1 a pu/ule is se5 9 section1 enl>g$ sixty diamet]s to %[ m cle>ly ! innum]able spores1 or #8se$s1' dispos$ 9 necklace-l fa%ion1 :i* are de/9$ to reproduce ! pe/ 9 future seasons4 ,ano!r disease ( ,violets 9 autumn is caus$ by a fungus nam$ ,urocy/is viol4 ,?is fungus causes g\ty swell+s to =m on ! /alks & pr9cipal ve9s4 ,^! swell+s at l5g? bur/1 exhibit black pat*es1 & dis*>ge sooty spores4 ,! fungoid disease nam$ ,phyllo/icta viol is frequ5tly common on ,violet leaves 9 ,june4 ,9 ?is ! spots are :iti%4 ,no cure is kn[n1 & x is always well to burn or deeply bury all infect$ leaves or plants4 ,illu/ration3 ,violet ,disease ,,violet ,,disease cidium depaup]ans ,,index ,abronia1 #cgc ,abutilon1 #bbh1 #cfe1 #cgc ,a*im5es1 #bbh1 #cbj1 #cfj ,acidia h]aclei1 #dbj ,aconite1 ,w9t]1 #cec1 #daj ,acrocl9ium1 #cgc cidium depaup]ans1 #deb --viol1 #dea ,agapan?us1 #cbj1 #djj ,ag>icus campe/ris1 #hd ,allium1 #cba --ascalonicum1 #abi --,cepa1 #ib --,porrum1 #gc --sativum1 #fc --,s*o5oprasum1 #ff ,alonsoa1 #bbi1 #cih ,alp9e ,/rawb]ry1 #acg1 #aei1 #agj ,al/roem]ia1 #cba1 #djj ,al?a rosea1 #bga ,alyssum1 #cgc1 #cig ,am>yllis1 #bbi1 #cdj1 #cfj1 #dja ,am]ican ,blight1 #dah --,cress1 #ed ,anbury1 #adf1 #dcd ,an*usa1 #chf ,anemone1 #bbi1 #cba1 #cfe1 #cij1 #dja1 #djg ,angelica1 #fe --,ar*angelica1 #fe ,annuals1 #bbj1 #che --classifi$ accord+ to col\r1 #bbb --,half-h>dy1 #bbf --,h>dy1 #bbf1 #cfd1 #cgb1 #chj1 #cif1 #djg --,t5d]1 #bbg --"u glass1 #bbe1 #cig ,annual ,*rysan!mum1 #bej1 #cgc1 #cig1 #cih ,an?riscus ,c]efolium1 #ff ,antirrh9um1 #bcj1 #cfj1 #chf1 #cie1 #cig ,ants1 #dbh ,aphis1 #daf --,bean1 #dag --,pea1 #dag --rumicis1 #dag ,apium graveol5s1 #dg ,april "w among ,fl[]s1 #chj --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #agb ,aquilegia1 #bca1 #cfe1 #cij ,artemisia ,abs9?ium1 #ga --,dracunculus1 #ga ,arti*oke1 ,*9ese1 #acb --,globe1 #d1 #aec1 #afj1 #afe1 #agb1 #ahh1 #aid --,j]usalem1 #f1 #afa1 #afe1 #aid ,artificial ,manures1 & _! application to ,g>d5 ,crops1 #baj ,asp>agus1 #g1 #aed1 #aff1 #agb1 #agg1 #ahb1 #aid --,gre5h\se ,foliage v>ieties1 #bcb1 #cff --(fic9alis1 #g ,asp]ula1 #cgc1 #cig ,a/]1 #bcb1 #cgc1 #chj1 #cih --sub-cruleus1 #chf ,aub]g9e1 #fa ,aubrietia1 #bce1 #chf ,augu/ "w among ,fl[]s1 #cif --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #ahh ,auricula1 #bcf1 #cff1 #cgd ,au/ralian ,oak1 #bga ,autumn ,broccoli1 #ca ,babiana1 #cbc1 #dja ,balm1 #ff ,balsam1 #bcg1 #cgd1 #cha1 #chf1 #cij --,sultan's1 #bgc ,b>b>ea prcox1 #ed ,b>be de ,capuc91 #abb ,b>b]ton or ,transvaal ,daisy1 #bff ,b>tonia1 #cgc ,basil1 ,bu%1 #ff --,sweet1 #ff ,ba/>d ,tr5*+1 #aab ,bean ,aphis1 #dag --,broad1 #af1 #aed1 #afa1 #aff1 #agb1 #aie1 #aif --,butt]1 #bd --,climb+ ,fr5*1 #ba1 #afa1 #agc1 #agh1 #ahc1 #ahf --,dw>f ,fr5* #ag1 #afa1 #agc1 #agg1 #ahc1 #ahe1 #ahf --,flageolets1 #bj1 #agh --,h>icot1 #bb1 #agh --,runn]1 #bb1 #agh1 #ahc --,waxpod1 #bd ,beet1 ,g>d5 #bd1 #abb1 #afa1 #aef1 #agc1 #agh1 #ahe1 #aic --,silv]1 or ,sea ,kale1 #bg --,sp9a*1 #acb1 #agj1 #agf ,begonia1 ,fibr\s-root$1 #bdj1 #cfa --,tub]\s-root$ #bch1 #cbc1 #cfj1 #cff1 #cia1 #dja ,bell ,fl[]1 #bdd ,bellis p]5nis1 #bfj ,belvid]e1 #bgd ,b]muda ,lily1 #cda ,beta ,cicla1 #acb --vulg>is1 #bd ,bi5nials1 ,h>dy1 #bbg1 #cfd1 #chf1 #cif ,bird ,pepp]1 #dj ,black ,bot1 #aca --,fly1 #daf --,scab ( ,potatoes1 #ddj ,blacksmi?s1 #dca ,blight1 ,am]ican4 4 4#dah ,blue ,fly1 #daf --,squill1 #cdh ,borage1 #ff ,borago (fic9alis1 #ff ,bordeaux mixture1 #ddj ,bord]1 ,w>m1 #aif ,borecole1 #bg1 #agf ,brassica ol]acea acephala1 #bg --botrytis asp>agoides1 #bi --caulifiora1 #dd --bullata1 #ch --gemmif]a1 #cc --capitata1 #ce --,caulo-rapa1 #gb --co/ata1 #ec --,rapa1 #add ,bremia lactuc1 #ddb ,broad ,bean1 #af1 #aed1 #afa1 #aff1 #agb1 #aie1 #aif ,broccoli1 #bi1 #afa1 #aff1 #agc1agh1 #ahc1 #ahf1 #ahh1 #aie ,brompton ,/ock1 #cja1 #cid ,brussels ,spr\ts1 #cc1 #afa1 #aff1 #agc1 #agh ,bug1 ,mealy1 #dbe ,bulbs1 ,fl[]+1 ,culture (1 #cag --gr[+ 9 ,moss-fibre1 #cai1 #cce1 #cde1 #ceb --9 ,/ore1 #dac ,burgundy mixture1 #ddj ,bu% ,basil1 #ff ,butt] ,bean1 #bd ,butt]fly ,fl[]1 #bif ,cabbage1 #ce1 #aed1 #afa1 #aff1 #agc1 #agh1 #ahc1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #ahh1 #aia1 #aic --,flea1 #dbb --,lettuce1 #ge1 #afi1 #ahj --,portugal1 #ec1 #afb --,r$1 #ch1 #aff1 #agd1 #ahh --,root ,fly1 #dba --,savoy1 #ch1 #afc1 #aha ,cacalia1 #cgc ,cal&r9ia1 #cgc1 #cig ,calceol>ia1 ,h]bace\s1 #bdj1 #cgd1 #cia1 #cie1 #dja --,%rubby1 #bdc1 #cff ,cal5dula1 #cgc --(fic9alis1 #fg1 #bgh1 #cig ,calli/ephus s95sis1 #bcb ,campanula1 #bdc1 #cff1 #chf1 #cif --,rapunculus1 #gj ,can>y ,creep]1 #cjh1 #chc ,c&ytuft1 #cgc1 #chf1 #cig ,canna1 #bdf1 #cfa1 #cib ,cant]bury ,bell1 #bde1 #cha ,cape ,primrose1 #cjb ,capsicum1 #ci1 #afa1 #agh1 #ahc --annuum1 #ci --baccatum1 #ci ,c>doon1 #dj1 #agd1 #ahf1 #ahh1 #aic ,c>nation1 #bdg1 #cfb1 #cha1 #cih ,c>rot1 #da1 #aff1 #agd1 #agh1 #ahe1ahf1 #aic1 #aie --,fly1 #dai --,mo?1 #dai ,c>um ,petrosel9um1 #fh ,ca/or-oil ,plant1 #bic1 #cga ,cat*fly1 #bih1 #djj ,cat]pill>s1 #dbh ,caulifl[] #dd1 #aed1 #afa1 #aff1 #agd1 #agh1 #ahc1 #ahe1 #ahh1 #aia1 #aic1 #aie ,cay5ne ,pepp]1 #dj ,cel]iac1 #ea1 #abb1 #aff1 #aic ,cel]y #dg1 #abb1 #aff1 #agd1 #agi1 #ahc1 #ahf1 #ahi1 #aia1 #aic1 #aie1 #aif --,fly1 #ea1 #dai --,leaf ,spot (1 #ddb ,celosia cri/ata1 #bed --plumosa1 #bdh1 #cfg ,c5tran?us1 #cgc ,ceutorhyn*us pleuro/igma1 #dcg ,*>ds1 #e1 #abd1 #ahf1 #aia ,*eiran?us ,allionii1 #chf1 #cig --,*eiri1 #caj ,*emi/ry ( ,g>d5 ,crops1 #bjb ,*5opodium ,bonus-,h5ricus1 #hd ,*]vil1 #abb1 #agd --,curl$1 #ff1 #abb ,*icory1 #eb1 #abb1 #ahc1 #aic ,*ili1 #ci1 #afa ,*imney ,campanula1 #bdd ,*9ese ,arti*oke1 #acb --,primrose1 #bia --,sacr$ ,lily1 #cdf ,*ionodoxa1 #cbe1 #cih ,*ives1 #ff1 #abb1 #afg ,*rysan!mum1 #bdi1 #cfb1 #cgc1 #cha1 #chf1 #cig1 #cih ,ci*orium ,endivia1 #fa --,intybus1 #eb ,c9]>ia1 #bej1 #cfb1 #chg1 #cib1 #cih --,disease1 #ddg --,int]m$iate1 #beb --/ellata1 #beb ,cladosporium fulvum1 #dde ,cl>kia1 #bec1 #cgc1 #cig1 #cih ,clean+ ,old ,pots1 #ceg ,cl]od5dron fallax1 #bed1 #cge ,click-,beetle1 #dca ,climb+ ,fr5* ,bean1 #ba1 #afa1 #agc1 #agh1 #ahc1 #ahf ,club1 #dcd ,co*le>ia ,armoracia1 #gb ,cockscomb1 #bed1 #cfg --,plum$1 #bdh ,coleus1 #bee1 #cge1 #chg ,coleworts1 #cf1 #agh1 #ahc ,coll9sia1 #cgc1 #cig ,collomia1 #cgc ,columb9e1 #bca ,common ,?yme1 #ga ,convall>ia majalis1 #cdb ,convolvulus m9or1 #cgc ,coreopsis1 #cgc1 #chf1 #cig ,corn ,flag1 #bfg --,salad1 #ec1 #abb1 #afa1 #ahe1 #ahi ,cornfl[]1 #cgc1 #cig ,cos ,lettuce1 #ge1 #afi1 #ahd ,cosmea1 #bef1 #cfg ,cosmos1 #bef ,c\ve ,tron*uda1 #ec1 #afb ,crambe m>itima1 #abe ,crane ,fly1 #dbd ,cress1 #ed1 #abc1 #aed1 #ahe --,am]ican1 #ed --,indian1 #cjh --,l&1 #ed --,wat]1 #ed1 #abc1 #aga ,crocus1 #cbe1 #dja1 #djg --,disease1 #ddh ,crops1 ,g>d51 ,*emi/ry (1 #bjb --,rotation (1 #aih ,cr[n ,imp]ial1 #cbf1 #djb ,cucumb]1 #ee1 #abc1 #aed1 #afg1 #agi1 #ahc1 #ahg1 #ahi1 #aia --,pickl+1 #ahc --,ridge1 #fj1 #agi1 #ahg --,root-knot ,eelworm1 #dbd --,w9t]1 #eh ,cucumis ,melo1 #hj --sativus1 #ee ,cucurbita1 #fc --,pepo ovif]a1 #adg ,culture ( ,fl[]+ ,bulbs1 #cag --( ,fl[]s f ,se$s1 #baf --( ,vegetables1 #a ,curl$ ,*]vil1 #ff1 #abb ,cutt+ ,fl[]s1 #bfj ,cyclam51 #bef1 #cbf1 #cfb1 #chb1 #chg1 #cif1 #cih1 #djb1 #djg1 #daj ,cyn>a ,c>dunculus1 #dj --,scolymus1 #d ,cynoglossum1 #chf ,dactylopius odonidum1 #dbe ,daddy ,longlegs1 #dbd ,daffodils1 #cdd1 #dje ,dahlia1 #beh1 #cfg1 #chb1 #chg ,daisy1 ,b>b]ton or ,transvaal1 #bff --,d\ble1 #bfj1 #cib --,orange1 #bfc --,ox-eye1 #bej1 #cha ,d&elion1 #fj1 #abc1 #ahj ,daucus ,c>ota1 #da ,day ,lily1 ,japanese1 #cdc ,decemb] "w among ,fl[]s1 #dab --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #aif ,delph9ium1 #bfa1 #chg ,depress>ia cicutella1 #dai ,dian?us1 #bfb1 #cfg1 #cge1 #cic1 #cih --b>batus1 #cjg --,c>yophyllus fl4 pl41 #bdg1 #bhg --plum>ius1 #bhh ,digitalis1 #bfb1 #chf ,dimorpho!ca1 #bfc1 #cgc1 #cge1 #cih ,disease1 ,c9]>ia1 #ddg --,crocus1 #ddh --,gladiolus1 #ddh --,hollyhock1 #ddi --,lily1 #ddh --,n>cissus1 #ddh --,pea1 #ddc --,poppy1 #dej --,potato1 #aag1 #dcg --,s5ecio1 #ddg --,tomato1 #ddc --,violet1 #dea --,w>t1 ( ,potatoes1 #dd ,dog's-too? ,violet1 #cbg1 #djb ,d\ble ,daisy1 #bfj1 #cib ,dra9age ( ,pots1 #ceh ,dw>f ,fr5* ,bean1 #ag1 #afa1 #agc1 #agg1 #ahc1 #ahe1 #ahf ,e>wigs1 #dbh ,ea/] ,lily1 #cda ,eelworm1 ,root-knot1 #dbd1 #dde ,egg ,plant1 #fa1 #afb ,elat] l9eatus1 #dca --obscurus1 #dca --ruficaudis1 #dca ,endive1 #fa1 #abc1 #agd1 #ahc1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #ahi1 #aia1 #aic1 #aig ,erysimum1 #cgc1 #cig ,erysiphe ,m>tii1 #ddc ,es*s*oltzia1 #bfd1 #cgc1 #cig ,eutoca1 #cgc ,faba vulg>is1 #af ,fea!r ,hyac9?1 #ccf1 #djh ,febru>y "w among ,fl[]s1 #cfd --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #afj ,f5nel1 #ff1 #agd ,f]r>ia1 #cej1 #cgi ,fibr\s-root$ ,begonia1 #bdj1 #cfa ,f+]-&-toe1 #dcd ,f9oc*io1 #fg ,flageolets1 #bj1 #agh ,flea1 ,cabbage1 #dbb ,flor5ce ,f5nel1 #fg ,fl[] ( ! ,we/ ,w9d1 #ced ,fl[]+ ,bulbs1 ,culture (1 #cag ,fl[]s all ! ,ye> ,r\nd1 #cee --f ,se$s1 ,culture (1 #baf ,fly1 ,black1 #daf --,blue1 #daf --,cabbage ,root1 #dba --,c>rot1 #dai --,cel]y1 #ea1 #dai --,crane1 #dbd --,gre51 #daf --,onion1 #dbj --,turnip1 #dbb ,fniculum duke1 #fg --(fic9ale1 #ff ,=c$ ,/rawb]ries1 #acf ,=c+ 9 ,janu>y1 #aec ,=get-me-n1 #bhj ,foxglove1 #bfb ,frag>ia1 #acc ,frame ,cucumb]1 #ee --,gr\nd1 #afj ,freesia1 #bfd1 #cbh1 #cfb1 #cih1 #djb ,fritill>ia1 #cbf1 #cbh1 #djb ,fu*sia1 #bfd1 #cfg ,fungicide1 #ddj1 #ddf ,fungus ,pe/s ( c]ta9 ,fl[]s1 #ddg --( c]ta9 ,g>d5 ,plants1 #dcd ,fus>ium lycop]sici1 #ddd ,gaill>dia1 #bfe1 #cge1 #chf ,galega (fic9alis1 #chf ,g>d5 ,beet1 #bd1 #abb1 #afa1 #aff1 #agc1 #agh1 #ahe1 #aic --,crops1 ,*emi/ry (1 #bjb --,pea1 #aja1 #aeh1 #afb1 #afi1 #agf1 #ahj1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #aij1 #aie --,rubbi%1 #ahe --,v]m91 ,eradication (1 #dad ,g>lic1 #fc1 #afb1 #afh1 #ahg ,gaura ,l9dheim]i1 #chf ,g]anium1 #bfe1 #cfh1 #cic1 #cii ,g]b]a1 #bff1 #cii ,gesn]a1 #bff1 #cfb ,geum1 #bfg1 #cge1 #chf ,gilia1 #cgc1 #cig ,gladiolus #bfg1 #cbi1 #cfh1 #cgf1 #chb1 #cic1 #djb1 #d,o#g1 #daj ,globe ,arti*oke1 #d1 #aec1 #afj1 #afe1 #agb1 #ahh1 #aid ,glory ( ! ,sn[1 #cbe ,glox9ia1 #bfh1 #cca1 #cfc1 #cfh1 #cgf1 #djb ,godetia1 #bfi1 #cgc1 #cig ,good ,k+ ,h5ry1 #hd ,g\rd1 #fc1 #ahj ,grape ,hyac9?1 #ccf1 #djh ,gre5 ,fly1 #daf ,grevillea robu/a1 #bga1 #cfc #8,grub'1 #dcg ,gypsophila1 #cgc1 #chf1 #cih ,half-h>dy ,annuals1 #bbf ,haltica 7,phyllotreta7 nemorum1 #dbb --ol]acea1 #dbb ,h>dy ,annuals1 #bbf1 #cfd1 #cgb1 #chj1 #cif1 #djg --,bi5nials1 #bbg1 #cfd1 #chf1 #cif --,p]5nials1 #bbg1 #chf ,h>icot ,bean1 #bb1 #agh ,hawkwe$1 #cgc ,helian?us annuus1 #ach1 #cjb --tub]osus1 #f ,heli*rysum1 #cgc ,hem]ocallis ,kwanso fl4 pl41 #cdc ,h]bace\s ,calceol>ia1 #bdj1 #cgd1 #cia1 #cie1 #dja ,h]bs1 #fd1 #afh1 #agd ,het]od]a radicicola1 #dbd1 #dde ,heu*]a1 #chf ,hibiscus1 #cgc ,hippea/rum1 #bbi ,hollyhock1 #bga1 #cfc1 #cgf1 #chh1 #cic1 #djh --,disease1 #ddi ,horeh\nd1 #fg ,horse-radi%1 #gb1 #aef1 #afh1 #aie ,hot-b$1 #afe1 #afg ,humus1 #bjh ,hyac9?1 #ccb1 #djc1 #djh --,fea!r1 #ccf1 #djh --,grape1 #ccf1 #djh --,italian1 #ccg1 #cii1 #djd1 #djh --,m9iature1 #ccf1 #djh --,roman1 #ccg1 #cii1 #djd1 #djh ,hyac9?us c&icans1 #cch1 #daj ,hyssop1 #fg1 #agd ,hyssopus (fic9alis1 #fg ,ib]is1 #chf ,icel& ,poppy1 #cig ,impati5s1 #bgc1 #cgf --,balsam9a1 #bcg ,indian ,cress1 #cjh --,p9k1 #bfb --,%ot1 #bdf1 #cfa ,int]m$iate ,c9]>ia1 #beb --,/ock1 #cja1 #cga1 #djj ,introductory ,rem>ks to ,culture ( ,fl[]+ ,bulbs1 #cag --( ,fl[]s f ,se$s1 #baf --,all ! ,ye> ,r\nd1 #cee --( ,vegetables1 #a --,pe/s ( ,g>d5 ,plants1 #dad --to a ,ye>'s ,"w 9 ,vegetable ,g>d51 #aea ,iris1 #cch1 #djd ,italian ,hyac9?1 #ccg1 #cii1 #djd1 #djh ,ixia1 #cch1 #djd ,jacobea1 #big1 #cgc ,janu>y "w among ,fl[]s1 #cfj --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #aeb ,japan ,p9k1 #bfb ,japanese ,day ,lily1 #cdc ,j]usalem ,arti*oke1 #f1 #afa1 #afe1 #aid ,jonquil1 #cci1 #dje ,july "w among ,fl[]s1 #cie --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #ahe ,june "w among ,fl[]s1 #cij --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #ahb ,kale1 #bg1 #agf --,sea ,kale1 #abe1 #aei1 #afc1 #agj1 #aie ,kaulfussia1 #cgc ,knol ,kohl1 #gb1 #afh ,ko*ia tri*ophylla1 #bgd1 #cfh1 #chb ,kohl ,rabi1 #gb1 #afh1 #ahe ,la*5alia1 #cci1 #djh ,lactuca sativa1 #ge ,lamb's ,lettuce1 #ec ,l& ,cress1 #ed ,l>kspur1 #bgd1 #cgc1 #cig ,la?yrus odoratus1 #cjc ,lav&ula1 #fg ,lavat]a1 #bge1 #cgc1 #cgg ,lav5d]1 #fg ,layia1 #cgc ,leaf-m\ld1 #cef ,leaf ,ru/ ( ,tomato1 #dde --,spot ( ,cel]y1 #ddb ,lea!r-jacket1 #dbd ,lecanium hib]naculorum1 #dbf ,leek1 #gc1 #aef1 #afh1 #age1 #ahg --,bulbs1 #ge ,lemon ,?yme1 #ga ,lepidium sativum1 #ed ,leptosiphon1 #cgc1 #cig ,leptosyne1 #cgc ,lettuce1 #ge1 #abc1 #aef1 #afb1 #afi1 #age1 #ahj1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahi1 #aia1 #aic --,lamb's1 #ec --,mildew1 #ddb ,leucojum1 #cci1 #djh ,lilies1 #cdj1 #daj ,lilium auratum1 #cda1 #daj --,h>risii1 #cda --lancifolium1 #cdb1 #daj ,lily1 ,b]muda1 #cda --,*9ese ,sacr$1 #cdf --,disease1 #ddh --,ea/]1 #cda --,japanese ,day1 #cdc --( ! ,valley1 #cdb1 #daa ,lime1 #bab ,limnan!s1 #cgc1 #cig ,l9>ia1 #cgc1 #cig1 #cih ,l9um1 #cgc ,lobelia1 #bge1 #cfh1 #cgg1 #chc1 #cif ,love-lies-ble$+1 #cgc ,lup9e1 #bgg ,lup9us1 #bgg1 #cgc1 #cgg1 #chf ,lycop]sicum escul5tum1 #ach ,maize1 #hj1 #ahj ,mall[1 #bge1 #cgg ,malope1 #cgc ,manures1 ,artificial1 & _! application to ,g>d5 ,crops1 #baj ,m>* "w among-,fl[]s1 #cgb --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #afd ,m>gu]ite1 #bej1 #cha ,m>igold1 #bgg1 #cgc1 #cgg1 #chc --,pot1 #fg1 #bgh ,m>joram1 ,pot1 #fg --,sweet ,knott$1 #fg ,m>r[1 ,vegetable1 #adg1 #agf1 #ahb ,m>rubium vulg>e1 #fg ,m>vel ( ,p]u1 #bgh1 #cgg1 #chc ,ma?iola1 #bii1 #cgc ,may "w among ,fl[]s1 #che --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #agf ,mealy ,bug1 #dbe ,melissa (fic9alis1 #ff ,melon1 #hj1 #aeg1 #afi1 #age1 #ahj1 #ahd ,melon-h\se1 !1 #hc ,m5?a ,pulegium1 #fi --viridis1 #fh ,m]cury1 #hd ,mice1 #dcb ,mignonette1 #bgi1 #cgc1 #cgg1 #chc1 #cii ,mildew1 ,lettuce1 #ddb --,onion1 #ddb ,mimulus1 #bgi1 #cfi1 #cif --mos*atus1 #bhj ,m9iature ,hyac9?1 #ccf1 #djh ,m9t1 #fh ,mirabilis ,jalapa1 #bgh ,monkey ,fl[]1 #bgi ,montbretia1 #cdc ,moss-fibre1 gr[+ bulbs 91 #cai1 #cce1 #cde1 #ceb ,mu%room1 #hd1 #ahd ,musk1 #bhj ,mu/>d1 #ib1 #abc1 #aeg1 #afb ,myosotis1 #bhj1 #cic ,ngelia1 #bff ,n>cissus1 #cdd1 #cii1 #dje1 #dji --,disease1 #ddh --,tazetta1 #cdf ,na/urtium1 #abc1 #cjh1 #cgc1 #chc --(fic9ale1 #ed ,nemesia1 #bhj1 #cgh1 #cih ,nemophila1 #cgc1 #cig ,new ,zeal& ,sp9a*1 #aca1 #agj1 #aha ,nicotiana1 #bha1 #cfi1 #chh1 #cic1 #cih ,nigella1 #cgc1 #cig ,nitrog5\s manures1 #baa ,novemb] "w among ,fl[]s1 #daj --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #aid ,oak1 ,au/ralian1 #bga ,octob] "w among ,fl[]s1 #djg --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #aib ,ocymum ,basilicum1 #ff --m9imum1 #ff ,o5o!ra1 #chf ,onion1 #ib1 #abc1 #aeh1 #afb1 #afi1 #age1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahi --,fly1 #dbj --,grub1 #ii --,mildew1 #ddb --,pickl+1 #ii1 #age --,potato1 #ii --,salad+1 #ahd --,und]gr\nd1 #ii1 #aig ,ora*e1 #acb ,orange ,daisy1 #bfc ,origanum ,majorana1 #fg --,onites1 #fg ,orni?ogalum1 #cdg1 #dji ,ovul>ia elliptica1 #ddh ,oxalis1 #cdg1 #djf ,ox-eye ,daisy1 #bej1 #cha ,pansy1 #bhb1 #cfi1 #cic ,papav]1 #bhh1 #cig ,p>sley1 #fh1 #afb1 #agf1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #aia1 #aig ,p>snip1 #ajj1 #afb1 #afi1 #aic ,pa/9aca sativa1 #ajj ,pea1 #aja1 #aeh1 #afb1 #afi1 #agf1 #ahj1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #aij1 #aie --,disease1 #ddc --,siphon-,aphis1 #dag --,sweet1 #cjc1 #cga1 #cgc1 #cgi1 #djj1 #djf ,peat = ,pot ,plants1 #cef ,pel>gonium1 #bfe1 #bhc1 #cfi1 #cii ,p5nyroyal1 #fi ,p5t/emon1 #bhc1 #cgh ,pepp]1 ,bird1 #dj --,cay5ne1 #dj ,p]5nial ,phlox1 #bhg1 #cgh ,p]5nials1 ,h>dy1 #bbg1 #chf ,p]illa nank95sis1 #bbb ,p]onospora arboresc5s1 #dej --infe/ans1 #dcg --,s*leid5i1 #ddb --vici1 #ddc ,p]petual ,sp9a*1 #acb1 #agj1 #agf ,pe/s ( ,g>d5 ,plants1 #dad --,fungus1 ( c]ta9 ,fl[]s1 #ddg --( c]ta9 ,g>d5 ,plants1 #dcd ,petunia1 #bhd1 #cfc1 #cfi1 #chc1 #chh ,phacelia1 #cgc1 #cig ,phaseolus multiflorus1 #bb --vulg>is1 #ag ,phlox ,drummondii1 #bhf1 #cfi1 #cgh1 #cih --,p]5nial1 #bhg1 #chg ,phorbia brassic1 #dba --cepetorum1 #ii1 #dba ,phosphatic manures1 #baa ,phytoph?ora infe/ans1 #aag1 #dcg1 #dde ,pickl+ ,cucumb]1 #ahc --,onion1 #ii1 #age ,picotee1 #bhg1 #chc1 #cii ,p9k1 #bfb1 #bhh1 #chc ,pisum sativum1 #aja ,plasmodiophora brassic1 #dcd ,platy/emon1 #cgc ,plum$ ,cockscomb1 #bdh ,polian!s tub]osa1 #cea ,poll9ation ( ,melons1 #hd ,polyan?us1 #bhh1 #cgj1 #cid --,n>cissus1 #cdd ,poppy1 #bhh1 #cgc1 #cgh1 #chf --,disease1 #dej --,icel&1 #cig --,%irley1 #cig ,portugal ,cabbage1 #ec1 #afb ,portulaca1 #bhi1 #chh1 #cid --ol]acea1 #fi ,pota% manures1 #bab ,potato1 #ajh1 #aeh1 #afi1 #agf1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #aib1 #aic --,disease1 #aag1 #dcg --,onion1 #ii --spray+1 #ddj --,w>t ,disease (1 #ddj ,pot ,m>igold1 #fg1 #bgh --,m>joram1 #fg ,pots1 clean+1 #ceg --sizes (1 #ceg ,pott+ soil1 #cee ,primrose1 #bhi1 #cgj1 #cid --,cape1 #cjb --,*9ese1 #bia ,primula ,auricula1 #bcf --,half-h>dy1 #bib1 #cgj --,h>dy1 #bic --s95sis1 #bia1 #chh1 #cid1 #cif --/ellata1 #bib --7v]is7 elatior1 #bhh --vulg>is1 #bhi ,pr9ce's ,fea!r1 #cgc ,psila ros1 #dai ,pucc9ia malvace>um1 #ddi ,pumpk91 #fc1 #ahj ,purslane1 #fi1 #abc1 #bhi ,pyre?rum1 #chf ,radi%1 #aah1 #abc1 #aei1 #afc1 #agj1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #aig ,rampion1 #gj1 #abc ,ranunculus1 #bic1 #cdh1 #cgj1 #daa ,raphanus sativus1 #aah ,rats1 #dcb ,r$ ,cabbage1 #ch1 #aff1 #agd1 #ahh --,spid]1 #dbf ,res$a odorata1 #bgi ,rheum hybridum1 #abj ,rhub>b1 #abj1 #afc1 #aic ,ric9us1 #bic1 #cga1 #chd ,ridge ,cucumb]1 #fj1 #agi1 #ahg ,roman ,hyac9?1 #ccg1 #cii1 #djd1 #djh ,root-knot ,eelworm1 #dbd1 #dde ,roots1 ,/or+1 #aic ,rosem>y1 #gj ,rosm>9us (fic9alis1 #gj ,rotation ( ,crops1 #aih ,rubbi%1 ,g>d51 #ahe ,rudbeckia1 #cgc ,rue1 #gj ,rumex scutatus1 #gj ,runn] ,bean1 #bb1 #agh1 #ahc ,ruta graveol5s1 #gj ,sacr$ ,lily1 ,*9ese1 #cdf ,sage1 #gj ,sa9tpaulia1 #bie ,salad1 ,corn1 #ec1 #abb1 #afa1 #ahe1 #ahi ,salads1 #abb ,salpiglossis1 #bie1 #cga1 #cgc1 #cih ,salsify1 #abc1 #abd1 #agf1 #aic ,salvia1 #gj1 #bie ,sanvitalia1 #cgc ,sapon>ia1 #cgc1 #cig ,satureia hort5sis1 #gj --montana1 #gj ,savory1 ,summ]1 #gj --,w9t]1 #gj ,savoy ,cabbage1 #ch1 #afc1 #aha ,saxifrage1 #chf ,scabi\s1 #cig ,scale1 #dbf ,s*izan?us1 #bif1 #cgh1 #cii ,s*izoneura lanig]a1 #dah ,scilla1 #cdh1 #djj1 #dji ,scorzon]a1 #abe1 #agj --hispanica1 #abe ,sea ,kale1 #abe1 #aei1 #afc1 #agj1 #aie --,beet1 #bg ,sea ,lav5d]1 #bih1 #cfd1 #cgi ,se$ ,s[+ 9 ,janu>y1 #aeb ,s5ecio1 #big --,disease1 #ddg ,septemb] "w among ,fl[]s1 #djj --9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 #aij ,septoria apii1 #ddb ,%allot1 #abc1 #abi1 #afd1 #ahg ,%rubby ,calceol>ia1 #bdc1 #cff ,sil5e1 #bih1 #cgc1 #cig1 #djj ,silv]1 or ,sea ,kale1 ,beet1 #bg ,s9apis alba1 #ib --nigra1 #ib ,siphonophora pisi1 #dag ,sizes ( ,pots1 #ceg ,sleepy ,disease ( ,tomato1 #ddd ,slugs1 #dbi ,snails1 #dcj ,snapdragon1 #bcj ,sn[drop1 #cdi1 #djf ,sn[flake1 ,spr+1 #cci --,summ]1 #cci ,soil = ,pot ,plants1 #cee ,solanum1 #bih1 #cga1 #cgh1 #cid --escul5tum1 #fa --,melong5a1 #fa --tub]osum1 #ajh ,sorrel1 #gj1 #abc ,sp>axis1 #cch1 #djf ,sp>r[s1 #ajf1 #bhb1 #cbf ,spe>m9t1 #fh ,spid]1 ,r$1 #dbf ,sp9a*1 #acj1 #aei1 #afd1 #agj1 #agf1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #aib --,beet1 #acb1 #agj1 #agf --,mo? ,grub1 #ahg --,new ,zeal&1 #aca1 #agj1 #aha --,p]petual1 #acb1 #agj1 #agf ,sp9acia ol]acea1 #acj ,spirals1 #acb ,spray+ ,potatoes1 #ddj ,spr+ ,broccoli1 #ca --fl[]+ ,/ock1 #cja1 #cid1 #djj --,fl[]s f ,se$s1 #cac ,spr+-,jack1 #dca ,spr+ ,sn[flake1 #cci ,spr\t+ ,broccoli1 #cc1 #ahh ,spr\ts1 ,brussels1 #cc1 #afa1 #aff1 #agc1 #agh ,squill1 ,blue1 #cdh ,/a*ys tub]if]a1 #acb ,/> ( ,be?lehem1 #cdg --,c9]>ia1 #beb --,primula1 #bib --( ! ,veldt1 #bfc1 #cge ,/atic1 #bih1 #cfd1 #cgi ,/ock1 #bii --,int]m$iate1 #cja1 #cga1 #djj --,spr+-fl[]+1 #cja1 #cid1 #djj --,summ]-fl[]+1 or ,t5-week1 #bii1 #cgi1 #chd1 #chi --,w9t]-fl[]+1 #cja1 #cid --,virg9ian1 #cgc1 #cig ,/or$ ,bulbs1 #dac ,/or+ ,roots1 #aic ,/rawb]ry1 #acc1 #aei1 #agj1 #aij --,alp9e1 #acg1 #aei1 #agj --,=c$1 #acf ,/reptoc>pus1 #cjb --,w5dl&ii1 #cjb #8,/ripe' ( ,tomato1 #ddd ,sug> ,corn1 #hj1 #ahj ,sultan's ,balsam1 #bgc ,sultan1 ,sweet1 #cgc1 #cig ,summ] ,broccoli1 #cb --,cypress1 #bgd --fl[]+1 or ,t5-week ,/ock1 #bii1 #cgi1 #chd1 #chi --,savory1 #gj --,sn[flake1 #cci --s[n ,vegetables = ,autumn & ,w9t] use1 #ahe1 #ahh ,sunfl[]1 #ach1 #cjb1 #cgc1 #che ,swan ,riv] ,daisy1 #cgc1 #cih ,sw$e1 #adg ,sweet ,basil1 #ff --,h]bs1 #fd1 #afh1 #agd --,knott$ ,m>joram1 #fg --,pea1 #cjc1 #cga1 #cgc1 #cgi1 #djj1 #djf --,sultan1 #cgc1 #cig --,william1 #cjg1 #chi ,syn*ytrium endobioticum1 #ddj ,tagetes1 #bgg ,t>axacum (fic9ale1 #fj ,t>ragon1 #ga ,temp]ature ( ,gre5h\ses1 #ceh ,t5d] ,annuals1 #bbg ,t5-week ,/ock1 #bii1 #cgi1 #chd1 #chi ,tetragonia expansa1 #aca ,tetrany*us tel>ius1 #dbf ,?alictrum1 #chf ,?rips1 #dbg ,?yme1 ,common1 #ga --,lemon1 #ga ,?ymus ,s]pyllum vulg>is1 #ga --vulg>is1 #ga ,tigridia1 #cej1 #cgi ,tipula ol]acea1 #dbd ,tobacco1 #bha1 #cfi1 #chh1 #cic ,tomato1 #abc1 #ach1 #aei1 #afd1 #aga1 #aha1 #aij --,diseases1 #ddc ,tor5ia1 #cjh ,tragopogon porrifolius1 #abd ,traps = ,v]m91 #dae ,tri*obasis s5ecionis1 #ddg ,triteleia uniflora1 #cej1 #dji ,tritonia1 #cej1 #daa ,tropolum1 #cjh1 #cea --can>i5se1 #cjh1 #chc --majus1 #cjh --nanum1 #cji --speciosum1 #cea --tub]osum1 #cea1 #djf ,tub]ose1 #cea1 #dji ,tub]\s-root$ ,begonia1 #bch1 #cbc1 #cfj1 #cff1 #cia1 #dja ,tuft$ ,pansy1 #caj ,tulip1 #ceb1 #djf1 #dji1 #daa ,turban ,ranunculus1 #cdh1 #cgj ,turnip1 #add1 #afd1 #agf1 #ahb1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #aij1 #aic --,fly or ,flea1 #dbb ,turnip-gall ,weevil1 #dcg ,turnip-root$ ,cel]y1 #ea ,und]gr\nd ,onion1 #ii1 #aig ,ur$o s5ecionis1 #ddg ,urocy/is gladioli1 #ddh ,val]ianella olitoria1 #ec ,vallota purpurea1 #cec1 #cgb ,vegetable ,g>d51 ,a ,ye>'s ,"w 91 #aea --,rotation ( ,crops 91 #aih --,m>r[1 #adg1 #agf1 #ahb --,oy/]1 #abc1 #abd1 #agf ,vegetables1 ,! ,culture (1 #a ,v5tilat+ ,gre5h\ses & ,frames1 #ceh ,v5us' ,look+-glass1 #cgc1 #cig --,navel-wort1 #cgc ,v]bascum1 #chf ,v]b5a1 #cji1 #cfd1 #cgb1 #chj1 #chi ,v]m91 ,g>d51 ,eradication (1 #dad --,traps1 #dae ,viola1 #caj1 #chf --tricolor1 #bhb ,violet ,diseases1 #dea --,dog's-too?1 #cbg1 #djb ,virg9ian ,/ock1 #cgc1 #cig ,visc>ia1 #cgc1 #cig ,wallfl[]1 #caj1 #cij1 #cie1 #dji ,w>m ,bord]1 #aif ,w>t ,disease ( ,potatoes1 #ddj ,wasps1 #dcj ,wat] ,cress1 #ed1 #abc1 #aga ,wat]+ ,pot ,plants1 #ceg ,waxpod ,bean1 #bd ,we$s1 #aij ,weevil1 ,turnip-gall1 #dcg ,:itlavia1 #cgc1 #cig ,wig&ia1 #caa1 #cgb ,w9dfl[]1 #bbi1 #cba ,w9t] ,aconite1 #cec1 #daj --,broccoli1 #ca ,w9t] ,cucumb]1 #eh --fl[]+ ,/ock1 #cja1 #cid --,gre5s1 #aga1 #agf1 #ahg1 #aic --,radi%1 #abj --,savory1 #gj ,wireworm1 #dc1 #ccj1 #cha1 #dca ,witlo(1 #abb ,woodlice1 #dcb ,woolly ,aphis1 #dah ,wormwood1 #ga ,x]an!mum1 #cgc ,ye>'s ,"w 9 ! ,vegetable ,g>d51 ,a1 #aea ,zea ,mays1 #hj ,zephyran!s ,c&ida1 #ced1 #dab ,z9nia1 #caa1 #chj1 #che1 #cij1 #cie ,p]man5t & ,tempor>y ,pa/ures4 ,by ,,m>t9 ,,sutton1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,,popul> ,,edition4 ,9 pap] cov]1 price #as4 #88,,p]man5t ,,& ,,tempor>y ,,pa/ures40--,mr ,m>t9 ,sutton speaks ) au?ority on ?is absorb+ subject1 & 8 book %\ld be 9 ! h&s ( e f>m] :o desires to make ! mo/ ( 8 opportunities2 ! in=mation x af=ds is ( ! utmo/ practical advantage4 ,"h w be f\nd ample in/ruction1 ! results ( k acquir$ by exp]i5ce & exhau/ive exp]im5t4'--,,e/ates ,,gazette4 ,lawns1 ,includ+ ,cricket ,gr\nds1 ,putt+ ,gre5s & ,b[l+ ,gre5s4 ,by ,,sutton ,,sons1 ,read+4 ,,?irte5? ,,edition4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,conta9+ full p>ticul>s on prep>+ ! gr\nd1 s[+ se$1 & aft]-managem5t4 ,illu/rat$ ) num]\s reproductions f beautiful photographs ( ,lawns1 & includ+ plans ( ,t5nis ,lawn & ,croquet ,gr\nd4 ,may be obta9$ ?r\gh all ,booksell]s1 f ! ,publi%]s1 ,,simpk91 ,,m>%all1 ,,hamilton1 ,,k5t ,,co41 ,,ltd41 ,,london4 ,! ,book ( ! ,l9ks4 ,by ,,m>t9 ,h4,f4 ,,sutton1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,royal #hvo4 ,price #aes4 net4 ,! book indisp5sable1 f all po9ts ( view1 to ^? conc]n$ 9 ! managem5t ( ,golf ,clubs4 ,illu/rat$ ) num]\s excell5t ,photographs1 & "s /rik+ orig9al ,c>toons by ,tom ,wilk9son4 ,,sutton ,,sons1 ,,read+1 ,,se$sm5 ,,to ,,8 ,,maje/y ,,! ,,k+4 ,,works ,,issu$ ,,by ,,sutton ,,sons4 ,sutton's ,amateur's ,guide 9 ,horticulture & ,g5]al ,g>d5 ,se$ ,catalogue4 ,conta9+ ,descriptive ,li/s ( ! f9e/ /ra9s ( ,vegetables1 & ! mo/ beautiful ,fl[]s = ! gre5h\se1 cons]vatory & g>d54 ,,publi%$ ,,annually ,,9 ,,janu>y4 ,s5t ,gratis to regul> ,cu/om]s4 ,sutton's ,f>m]s' ,ye>-,book & ,grazi]s' ,manual4 ,conta9+ ,in=mation on ,p]man5t & ,tempor>y ,pa/ures & ,leys1 ,li/s ( ,natural ,grasses & ,clov]s2 ,descriptions ( ,turnips1 ,mangolds1 & o!r ,f>m ,crops4 ,gratis & ,po/ ,free to ,cu/om]s4 ,,publi%$ ,,annually ,,9 ,,febru>y4 ,sutton's ,bulbs4 ,conta9+ ,descriptive ,li/s ( ,hyac9?s1 ,n>cissi1 ,tulips1 ,lilies & o!r ,fl[]+ ,bulbs4 ,beautifully ,illu/rat$1 & s5t ,free to ,regul> ,cu/om]s = ,bulbs4 ,,publi%$ ,,annually ,,9 ,,augu/4 ,bullet9s4 ,no4 #a4 ,brassica ,cresses4 0#b4 ,tub]-be>+ ,solanums4 0#c4 ,exp]im5ts 9 ,cross+ a ,wild ,pea f ,pale/9e ) ,comm]cial ,peas4 0#d4 ,results obta9$ by ,cross+ a ,wild ,pea f ,pale/9e ) ,comm]cial ,types & ,pisum sativum umbellatum4 0#e4 ,! ,progress 9 ,vegetable ,cultivation dur+ ,que5 ,victoria's ,reign4 0#f4 ,! ,effects ( ,radio-active ,ores & ,residues on ,plant ,life4 7,fir/ ,s]ies47 0#g4 ,! ,effects ( ,radio-active ,ores & ,residues on ,plant ,life4 7,second ,s]ies47 0#h4 ,exp]im5ts ) ,humog5 9 comp>ison ) o!r ,f]tilis]s4 0#i4 ,d ,potatoes give rise to ,new & ,di/9ct ,v>ieties by ,bud-,v>iation8 0#aj4 ,h[ ,amateurs may secure ?ree successive crops ( ,vegetables 9 twelve mon?s )\t ! aid ( glass h\ses or ( heat4 0#aa4 ,! ,electrification ( ,se$s by ! ,wolfryn ,process4 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #i & #aj by ,,ar?ur ,w4 ,,sutton1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,v4,m4,h4 ,nos4 #f1 #g1 #h & #aa by ,,m>t9 ,h4,f4 ,,sutton1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 net ea*4 ,,sutton ,,sons1 ,,read+1 ,,se$sm5 ,,to ,,8 ,,maje/y ,,! ,,k+4 #a ,= p]mission to reproduce ! engrav+s numb]$ #a1 #c1 #d1 & #e f ,pr(essor ,m>%all ,w>d's #8,diseases ( ,plants1' we gladly ackn[l$ge our indebt$ness to ! ,society = ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k4 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,c>ru!rs has k9dly all[$ u to use ! illu/rations numb]$ #b & #f4