,transcrib]'s note3 ,! ,old-,tagalog *>act]s us$ 9 ?is book are repres5t$ by capital lett]s4 ,,doctr9a ,,*ri/iana ,! ,fir/ ,book ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,manila1 #aeic4 ,a ,facsimile ( ! ,copy 9 ! ,less+ ,j4 ,ros5wald ,collection4 ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ,wa%+ton4 ,) an ,introductory ,essay ,by ,edw9 ,wolf #bnd ,,ackn[l$gem5ts ,i want "h to express my ?anks & appreciation to ,mr4 ,less+ ,j4 ,ros5wald1 ?r\gh ^: k9dness ?is unique ,doctr9a 0 pres5t$ to ! ,libr>y ( ,congress & ) :om ! idea ( ?is publication orig9at$4 ,8 int]e/ & en?usiasm made possible my "w1 & 8 fri5dly advice & enc\ragem5t h be5 bo? valuable & he>t-w>m+4 ,i also wi% to ?ank o!rs :o h giv5 me great assi/ance4 ,!y are ,dr4 ,a4,s4,w4 ,ros5ba* to :om ,i cont9ually turn$ = advice1 ,dr4 ,lawr5ce ,c4 ,wro? ( ! ,john ,c>t] ,br[n ,libr>y & ,dr4 ,leslie ,w4 ,dunlap ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress :o v k9dly read ov] my manuscript & gave me ! b5efit ( _! sugge/ions & criticisms1 ,mr4 ,david ,c4 ,me>ns & ,miss ,elsie ,rack/raw ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress & ,mrs4 ,ru? ,lapham ,butl] ( ! ,ay] ,collection ( ! ,newb]ry ,libr>y :o s freely & g5]\sly made available to me ! great collections ( works on ! ,philipp9es 9 _! libr>ies1 ,dr4 ,john ,h4 ,p[ell ( ! ,free ,libr>y ( ,philadelphia :o help$ me f9d ref]5ce books ( ! utmo/ importance1 & ! _m libr>ians :o c\rte\sly answ]$ writt5 qu]ies ab\t e>ly ,philipp9e mat]ial4 ,,edw9 ,,wolf #b,,nd4 ,,doctr9a ,,*ri/iana ,! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ! ,philipp9es has be5 ! object ( a hunt :i* has ext5d$ f ,manila to ,b]l91 & f ,italy to ,*ile1 = f\r hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,! pati5t rese>* ( s*ol>s1 ! scraps ( evid5ce f\nd 9 books & ar*ives1 ! amaz+ly accurate hypo!ses ( bibliograph]s :o h sift$ ! mat]ial s pa9/ak+ly ga!r$ toge!r1 comb9e to make its hi/ory a booki% detective /ory p> excell5ce4 ,x is easy :5 a prison] has be5 arre/$ & br\ght to ! dock to give details ( 8 complexion1 height1 *>act]i/ics & id5tify+ m>ks1 to f+]pr9t him & to photograph him1 b h[ inadequate 0 ! description be=e 8 capture1 h[ frequ5tly did false sc5ts draw ! pursu] (f ! "r track6 ,x is ) ?is 9 m9d t we exam9e ! subject ( ?is inve/igation1 rememb]+ t x has n be5 done be=e 9 detail4 ,&1 to complete ! case1 ! book has be5 photograph$ 9 its entirety & its facsimile h]e) publi%$4 ,9 /udy+ ! ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana ( #aeic !re are f\r g5]al problems :i* we %all discuss4 ,fir/1 we %all give a physical description ( ! book4 ,secondly1 we %all trace *ronologically ! bibliographical hi/ory ( ! ,doctr9a1 t is1 we %all record ! available evid5ce :i* %[s t x 0 ! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ! ,philipp9es1 & weigh ! te/imonies :i* /ate or imply to ! contr>y4 ,?irdly1 we %all try to e/abli% ! au?or%ip ( ! text1 & la/ly1 we %all discuss ! actual pr9t+4 ,x h>dly ne$s be told :y s few ( ! incunabula ( ! ,philipp9es h surviv$4 ,! pap] on :i* !y 7 pr9t$ 0 "o ( ! mo/ de/ructible pap]s ev] us$ 9 book production4 ,! native worms & insects ?riv$ on x1 & ! heat & dampness took _! sl[] b equally c]ta9 toll4 ,add to ^! enemies ! acts ( provid5ce ( :i* ! ,philipp9es h receiv$ m ?an _! %>e--e>?quake1 fire & flood--& ! man-made deva/ations ( w>1 comb9$ ) ! fact t !re 0 no sy/ematic attempt made 9 ! ,philipp9es to pres]ve 9 ar*ives & libr>ies ! records ( ! pa/1 & x c well be und]/ood :y a scant h&ful ( cradle-books h be5 pres]v$4 ,! two fires ( #afjc alone1 :i* burn$ ! ,dom9ican conv5t 9 ,manila to ! gr\nd & consum$ ! :ole ( ,b9ondo j outside ! walls1 mu/ h play$ untold havoc ^u ! records ( ! e>ly mission>ies4 ,p]haps ! only copies ( e>ly ,philipp9e books :i* exi/ today1 un*ronid$ & =gott51 are ^? :i* 7 s5t to ,europe 9 ! #af?1 #ag? & #ah? c5turies1 & may n[ be ly+ uncatalogu$ 9 "s libr>y !re4 ,"o copy ( ?is ,doctr9a 0 s5t to ,philip ,,ii by ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,philipp9es 9 #aeic2 & 9 #aghe a ,jesuit philologi/1 ,h]vas y ,p&uro1 pr9t$ ,tagalog texts f a !n extant copy4 ,yet1 s9ce t "t no example is record$ z hav+ be5 se5 by bibliograph] or hi/orian4 ,! prov5ance ( ! pres5t "o is b imp]fectly kn[n4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aidf ,william ,h4 ,s*ab1 a ,new ,york deal]1 0 9 ,p>is1 & he>d ?r\gh a fri5d ( ! exi/5ce ( a #aeic ,manila book4 ,he express$ su* incr$ulity at ?is in=mation t 8 fri5d1 feel+ 8 integrity impugn$1 telephon$ ! own] !n & !re1 & confirm$ ! unbelievable #aeic4 ,delight$ & en?us$1 ,s*ab arrang$ to meet him1 f\nd t he 0 a ,p>is booksell] & collector :o specializ$ 9 ,pacific impr9ts & 0 fully aw>e ( ! importance ( ! volume1 & induc$ him to sell ! preci\s ,doctr9a4 ,he br\ght x back ) him to ! ,unit$ ,/ates & (f]$ x to ,less+ ,j4 ,ros5wald1 :o promptly pur*as$ x & pres5t$ x to ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,:]e ! book _h be5 be=e x rea*$ ,p>is we d n "k4 ,p]haps x is ! v copy s5t to ,philip ,,ii1 p]haps ! copy f :i* ,h]vas got 8 text4 ,inde$1 x may h be5 *urn$ to ! surface by ! late ,civil ,w> 9 ,spa91 & s5t f !re to ,france4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ye>s f simil> s\rces may come o!r books to ?r[ m light ^u ! only too poorly docum5t$ hi/ory ( ! e/abli%m5t ( pr9t+ 9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s4 ,,! ,,physical ,,description ,let u fir/ exam9e ! book z x appe>s be=e u4 ,! title-page reads3 ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 en l5gua espanola ytagala1 cor regida por los ,religiosos de las ord5es ,impressa con lic5cia1 en ,s4 gabriel4 de la ord5 de4 ,s4 ,domigo ,en ,manila4 #aeic ,! book1 pr9t$ 9 ,go?ic lett]s & ,tagalog #a *>act]s on pap] made f ! pap] mulb]ry1 n[ br[n$ & brittle ) age1 consi/s ( ?irty-eight leaves1 compris+ a title-page z above1 "u a woodcut #b ( ,/4 ,dom9ic1 ) ! v]so orig9ally blank1 b 9 ?is copy be>+ ! contempor>y manuscript inscription1 ,tassada en dos rreales1 sign$ ,juan de ,cuell>2 & sev5ty-f\r pages ( text 9 ,spani%1 ,tagalog translit]at$ into roman lett]s1 & ,tagalog 9 ,tagalog *>act]s4 ,! size ( ! volume1 :i* is unb\nd1 is #i #a_/h by #g in*es1 al?\gh individual leaves v>y some:at due to *ipp+4 ,"s ( ! leaves h become sep>at$ f _! complem5ts1 b en\gh rema9 9 ! orig9al /it*+ to indicate t ! book 0 orig9ally made up 9 f\r ga!r+s1 ! fir/ ( twelve leaves1 ! second ( t51 ! ?ird ( t51 & ! f\r? ( six4 ,al?\gh ! book is ( ! size call$ qu>to1 ! me?od ( pr9t+ mu/ h be5 page by page1 s x is d\btful t ea* %eet 0 fold$ twice 9 ! usual qu>to mann]1 b m probable t x 0 pr9t$ f\r pages to a %eet ( pap] approximately #i #a_/h by #ad in*es1 :i* 0 fold$ once4 ,! volume is pr9t$ ?r\gh\t by ! xylographic me?od1 t is to say1 ea* page ( text is pr9t$ f "o wood-block :i* 0 c>v$ by h&4 ,along ! inn] m>g9s ( "s pages are v]tical l9es :i* 7 made by ! ink$ edge ( ! block1 & ! gra9 ( ! wood has caus$ /riations to appe> 9 ! pr9t$ portions ?r\gh\t4 ,! unev5ness ( ! impression indicates t ! pages 7 pr9t$ 9 "s primitive mann] )\t ! help ( a conv5tional press4 ,! pap]1 :i* is "o ( ! di/9ctive features ( mo/ old ,ori5tal books1 has be5 discuss$ at l5g? by ,p>do de ,tav]a 9 8 /udy ( e>ly ,philipp9e pr9t+1 & we c d no bett] ?an translate ! relevant passage 9 full3 ,i h said be=e t ! mat]ial composition ( our books is inf]ior4 ,! impr9ts be=e #ahcj 7 made on a pap] call$ by "s rice pap]1 by o!rs silk pap]1 & by /ill o!rs ,*9a pap]1 accord+ to _! ta/e4 ,x is dete/able1 brittle1 )\t consi/5cy or resi/ance1 & 0 call$ rice pap] because x 0 suppos$ to be made f t gra94 ,x 0 ! only k9d !n us$ 9 ! ,philipp9es1 n only = pr9t+1 b = all mann] ( writ+1 lett]s1 etc41 & x is ev5 record$ t 9 #ahgd :5 tobacco 0 a /ate monopoly1 cig>ettes 7 made ) ?is pap]1 & t ! ,indians & ,*9ese pref]r$ x 7& p]haps !y /ill d7 to rag pap] or o!r k9ds1 because ( ! horrible ta/e x gives ! tobacco4 ,9 ,*9a !y commonly made pap] ( bamboo1 b m pr9cipally f cotton & a plant :i* travell]s h cit$ only by its common "n1 :i* !y transcribe 9 v>i\s ways1 call+ x ko*u1 kotsu1 or kotzu4 ,today x is kn[n t ?is plant is an ulmacea 7,br\ssonetia papyrif]a7 f a ma% ( :i* !y /ill make clo? 9 ,japan4 ,cotton pap] is sup]ior to x1 & naturally m exp5sive2 b ! pap] ( inf]ior quality :i* 0 receiv$ 9 ,manila1 :]e no?+ 0 import$ regul>ly b common articles ( l[ price1 0 ( kotsu4 ,z all ,*9ese-made pap] x 0 coat$ ) alum1 ! f9] ! pap] ! ?ick] ! coat+1 = ! purpose ( :it5+ x & mak+ ! surface smoo?1 a deplorable bus9ess1 = x made ! pap] v moi/ure absorb5t1 a condition fatal 9 su* a humid climate z 9 ^! isl&s4 ,moreov]1 z ! alum us$ is impure & conta9s a l>ge proportion ( iron salts1 ! humidity & wea!r oxidize x :i* f9ally d>k5s ! pap]1 s t ,philipp9e books pres5t a coloration :i* runs ! gamut ( tones f ! color ( bone to t ( d>k c9namon4 #c ,because ! ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 :i* may well be translat$ ,! ,tea*+s ( ,*ri/ianity1 conta9s ! basic elem5ts ( ! religion :i* ! mission>ies 7 try+ to spread among ! unbaptiz$ 9 ! remote regions ( ! _w1 x 0 ! mo/ useful h&book !y _h4 ,a summ>y ( ! cont5ts ( ! pres5t edition %[s ! fundam5tal "* ( ! "w4 ,aft] a syllab>y comes ! ,pat] ,no/]1 ! prim>y & mo/ popul> pray] ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!n foll[ ! ,ave ,m>ia1 ,cr$o1 ,salve ,reg9a1 ,articles ( ,fai?1 ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 ,comm&m5ts ( ! ,holy ,*ur*1 ,sacram5ts ( ! ,holy ,*ur*1 ,sev5 ,mortal ,s9s1 ,f\rte5 ,works ( ,*>ity1 ,confession & ,cate*ism4 ,"h 9 a small compass is pres5t$ ! simple/1 mo/ easily le>n$ & mo/ ess5tial t5ets ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,s useful 0 ! ,doctr9a consid]$ z a guide = ^? :o _h j be51 or 7 ab\t to be1 conv]t$ t ! mission>y fa!rs plac$ x 9 mo/ cases =emo/ among ! books necess>y to h 9 pr9t 9 a /range l&4 ,x is g5]ally accept$ today1 al?\gh no extant copy is kn[n1 t ! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ,mexico #d 9 #aeci 0 a ,doctr9a 9 ,mexican & ,spani%4 ,rec5t rese>* has %[n t ! second book pr9t$ by ! pione] ,jesuit press at ,goa1 9 ,india1 9 #aeeg 0 ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]'s ,d\tr9a ,*ri/ao #e 9 ! ,malay language1 ( :i* also no copy has yet be5 locat$4 ,b !re are copies ( ! fir/ book to come f a ,s\? ,am]ican press1 ano!r ,doctr9a #f pr9t$ 9 ! native & ,spani% languages at ,lima 9 #aehd4 ,s ! *oice ( ?is book z ! fir/ to be pr9t$ at ,manila foll[s a widespread prec$5t4 ,we h !n a book1 ! ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 9 ,spani% & ,tagalog1 correct$ by prie/s ( m ?an "o ord]--& ?is is important 9 trac+ ! au?or%ip ( ! "w--& pr9t$ by ! xylographic me?od ) lic5se at ,manila at ! ,dom9ican ,*ur* ( ,san ,gabriel 9 #aeic4 ,s mu* we get f ! title1 & 9 itself x is a fairly complete /ory1 b f ! date ( its issue until ! pres5t "t t v fundam5tal in=mation has n be5 completely record$4 ,,! ,,bibliographical ,,hi/ory ,9 trac+ our clues d[n ?r\gh ! ye>s1 we f9d at ! v beg9n+ ! mo/ valuable evid5ce :i* has be5 uncov]$1 %ort ( ! book itself4 ,f ,manila on ,june #bj1 #aeic1 ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,philipp9es1 ,gomez ,p]ez ,dasm>9as1 wrote a lett] to ,philip ,,ii ( ,spa9 9 :i* he said3 ,sire1 9 ! "n ( ,y\r ,maje/y1 ,i h = ?is once1 because ( ! exi/+ great ne$1 grant$ a lic5se = ! pr9t+ ( ! ,doctr9as ,*ri/ianas1 h]e) enclos$--"o 9 ! ,tagalog language1 :i* is ! native & be/ ( ^! isl&s1 & ! o!r 9 ,*9ese--f :i* ,i hope great b5efits w result 9 ! conv]sion & in/ruction ( ! peoples ( bo? nations2 & because ! l&s ( ! ,indies are on a l>g] scale 9 ev]y?+ & ?+s m exp5sive1 ,i h set ! price ( !m at f\r reales a piece1 until ,y\r ,maje/y is pleas$ to decree 9 full :at is to be done4 #g ,?is /ates unequivocally t two books 7 pr9t$ at ,manila "s "t be=e ,june #bj1 #aeic1 "o ( :i* 0 ! ,doctr9a 9 ,tagalog1 & ! o!r ! same "w 9 ,*9ese4 ,al?\gh we are *iefly conc]n$ "h ) ! =m]1 ! fact t !y 7 produc$ at ab\t ! same "t & probably at ! same place makes x necess>y to trace ! hi/ory ( bo? 9 ord] to recon/ruct ! circum/ances surr\nd+ ! production ( ! "o4 ,( ! ,*9ese ,doctr9a no copy has yet come to light1 & except = two #aeic ref]5ces1 !re are no records ( its exi/5ce4 ,ano!r docum5t #h ( #aeic v]ifies ! in=mation giv5 9 ! lett] ( ,dasm>9as1 diff]+ f x only 9 "o detail4 ,9 ! ,ar*ives ( ! ,indies 0 f\nd a manuscript acc\nt ( #aeic li/+ books writt5 9 ! ,philipp9es1 :i* says3 ,!re h be5 pr9t$ prim]s & cate*isms ( ! fai?1 "o 9 ,spani% & ,tagalog1 :i* is ! native language1 & ! o!r 9 ,*9ese1 :i* are be+ s5t to ,y\r ,maje/y1 ! ,tagalog pric$ at two reales & ! ,*9ese at f\r1 :i* is hop$ w be ( great b5efit4 ,! acc\nts ( ! pr9t+ ( two ,doctr9as conta9$ 9 ^! docum5ts confirm "s ( ! in=mation ( ! title & add a bit m4 ,fir/1 ! lett] says t ! book 0 pr9t$ by p]mission giv5 by ! ,gov]nor1 :i* agrees ) ! ) lic5se ( ! title1 = ?is once because ( ! exi/+ great ne$4 ,by a royal c$ula #i ( ,septemb] #ba1 #aeef1 :i* 0 promulgat$ aga9 on ,augu/ #ad1 #aefj1 x _h be5 ord]$ t ,ju/ices n cons5t to or p]mit to be pr9t$ or sold any book conta9+ mat]ial conc]n+ ! ,indies )\t hav+ special lic5se s5t by our ,royal ,c\ncil ( ! ,indies1 & on ,may #h1 #aehd ?is 0 implem5t$ by ! fur!r ord] t :5 any gramm> or diction>y ( ! language ( ! ,indies be made x %all n be publi%$1 or pr9t$ or us$ unless x has fir/ be5 exam9$ by ! ,bi%op & se5 by ! ,royal ,audi5cia4 ,?is latt] portion 0 appli$ specifically to ! ,philipp9es 9 a lett] #aj f ,philip ,,ii to ! ,audi5cia ( ,manila1 also dat$ ,may #h1 #aehd1 to :i* fur!r ref]5ce w be made4 ,x c be ga!r$ f ,dasm>9as' impli$ apology t he _h nev] be=e giv5 su* a lic5se1 &1 s9ce he _h arriv$ 9 ! ,philipp9es 9 #aeij1 t no books _h be5 pr9t$ betwe5 t "t & ! lic5s+ ( ! ,doctr9as4 ,x is1 moreov]1 likely t if any simil> books _h be5 pr9t$ dur+ ! adm9i/rations ( 8 pr$ecessors he w\ld h m5tion$ ! fact z a prec$5t = act+ contr>y to ! c$ulas4 ,accord+ to ,dasm>9as he _h pric$ ! books at f\r reales a piece1 :i* foll[$ ! regul> ,spani% proc$ure1 "u :i* books 7 subject to price control4 ,! ,gov]nor1 x w be not$1 also apologiz$ = ! high price he 0 =c$ to set1 giv+ g5]al high prices #aa z 8 excuse4 ,yet1 :ile ! appraisal ( f\r reales = ?is book 0 high comp>$ to ! prevail+ scale 9 ,spa91 x 0 n high comp>$ to prices all[$ 9 ,mexico4 ,on ,june #f1 #aedb ! ,emp]or _h giv5 ! ,casa de ,cromb]g]1 ! fir/ pr9t+-h\se 9 ,mexico1 p]mission #ab to sell books pr9t$ !re at sev5te5 m>av$is a %eet1 or exactly "o half a real4 ,if we assume t1 al?\gh ! ,doctr9a _h be5 pr9t$ page by page1 x 0 qu>to 9 size & s apprais$ on ! basis ( eight pages to a %eet1 we f9d t ! price p] %eet comes to ab\t f\rte5 m>av$is1 or less ?an half a real4 ,h[ev]1 a contradiction occurs betwe5 ! lett] ( ,dasm>9as & ?is copy ( ! ,doctr9a1 support$ by ! o!r #aeic docum5t4 ,on ! v]so ( ! title1 ,juan de ,cuell>1 #ac ! ,gov]nor's secret>y & ! logical p]son to sign ! (ficial valuation1 gives ! price z two reales1 & ! #aeic acc\nt1 :ile agree+ ) ! lett] z f> z ! ,*9ese ,doctr9a is conc]n$1 also li/s ! price ( ! ,tagalog ,doctr9a z two reales4 ,x is impossible to say :at caus$ ! discrepancy2 p]haps x 0 a decision on ,dasm>9as' "p to l[] ! co/1 not)/&+ inflation>y values1 9 ord] to make ! book m readily available = ! natives :o 7 n economically z well (f z ! ,*9ese1 or x c\ld be t aft] ! lett] _h be5 writt5 x 0 notic$ t ! ,*9ese volume 0 l>g] ?an ! ,tagalog "o1 & "s adju/m5t made4 ,9 any ev5t1 ! price ( ?is ,doctr9a 0 f9ally set at two reales1 mak+ x less ?an half ! price all[$ 9 ,mexico fifty ye>s be=e4 ,! evid5ce ( ! two #aeic docum5ts w\ld seem conclusive ) reg>d to pr9t+ 9 #aeic1 b witnesses 7 n long 9 appe>+ :o /at$ some?+ q diff]5t4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^! 0 ,p$ro ,*ir9o1 #ad a ,jesuit prie/1 :o came to ! ,philipp9es ) ,dasm>9as 9 #aeij4 ,he w5t back to ,europe 9 #afjb1 & :ile !re _h a hi/ory ( ! ,philipp9es pr9t$ at ,rome 9 #afjd4 ,9 #afjf he return$ to ! isl&s1 :]e he di$ 9 #afce4 ,he left unpubli%$ ! manuscript ( ano!r & m detail$ hi/ory1 dat$ #afaj1 :i* conta9s a mo/ significant passage1 :]e1 aft] speak+ ( v>i\s e>ly writ]s 9 native languages1 he cont9ues3 ,^? :o pr9t$ fir/ 72 ,p4 ,fr4 ,juan de ,villanueva ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,augu/9e :o pr9t$ c]ta9 little tracts1 & ,p4 ,fr4 ,francisco de ,san ,joseph ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,dom9ic :o pr9t$ l>g] ?+s ( m bulk4 #ae ,conc]n+ ?is ,juan de ,villanueva #af v little inde$ is kn[n4 ,f :at has be5 record$ x w\ld seem t !re 7 two ,augu/9ians ( ! same "n :o 7 9 ! ,philipp9es be=e #afjj4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 a secul> prie/ :o came to ,cebu ab\t #aeff1 may h tak5 ! ,augu/9ian habit "s "t aft] 8 arrival1 & di$ n long aft] #aefi4 ,! o!r ,juan de ,villanueva1 ! date ( ^: arrival is unkn[n1 0 9 ,lubao 9 #aeij1 9 ,hagonoy 9 #aeic1 & prior ( ,batangas f #aeif until 8 dea? 9 #aeii4 ,( ! two !re c be no d\bt b t ,*ir9o ref]r$ to ! second "o4 ,b1 ap>t f ,*ir9o's note1 !re is no record any:]e t works by him exi/$1 nor d ! ,augu/9ian *ronicl]s !mselves1 except = ! mod]n ,santiago ,vela :o knew ( ,*ir9o's citation1 m5tion him z a l+ui/ or a writ]4 ,! only possibility is t betwe5 #aeic & #aeii ,villanueva _h pr9t$ "s small xylographic books no copies & no fur!r record ( :i* h appe>$4 ,z = ,francisco de ,san ,joseph1 or ,blancas de ,san ,jose z he is m frequ5tly call$1 !re are o!r ref]5ces to 8 "p 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( pr9t+ 9 ! isl&s4 ,f in=mation d\btless obta9$ f ,diego ,adu>te1 !n 9 ,spa91 ,alonso ,f]n&ez wrote 9 8 ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 pr9t$ at ,tol$o 9 #afaa3 ,fa!r ,fr4 ,francisco ,blancas pr9t$ 9 ! ,tagalog language & *>act]s a book ( ,our ,lady ( ! ,ros>y 9 ! ye> #afjb1 :i* 0 ! fir/ book t 0 pr9t$ !re ( t or any o!r mat]ial4 ,aft] ?is he pr9t$ ano!r ( ! sacram5ts 9 ! language ( ! ,philipp9es1 9 bo? *>act]s1 !irs & ours1 f :i* ! greate/ results h be5 a*iev$4 #ag ,two ye>s lat] ! same au?or publi%$ at ,madrid an acc\nt #ah ( ! miracles p]=m$ by ! ,ros>y ( ! ,virg91 9 :i* he includ$ a li/ ( ,( "s writ]s ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,dom9ic :o 7 liv+ 9 ?is ye> #afab1 & gave ! same in=mation z above1 add+ only t ! pr9t+ took place 9 ,bataan4 ,diego ,adu>te1 #ai ^: hi/ory ( ! ,dom9ican prov9ce ( ! ,philipp9es is "o ( ! be/ contempor>y ones writt51 be>s out ^! /atem5ts ( :i* he 0 mo/ probably ! s\rce4 ,adu>te came to ! isl&s 9 company ) 8 close fri5d ,blancas de ,san ,jose 9 #aeie1 w5t back to ,spa9 z procurator ( 8 ord] 9 #afjg1 & return$ to ,manila 9 #afbh1 /ay+ 9 ! ,ori5t until 8 dea? 9 #afcf4 ,8 hi/ory 0 cont9u$ & edit$ aft] 8 dea? by a fell[ ,dom9ican1 ,dom+o ,goncalez1 :o _h x pr9t$ 9 #afdj4 ,summ>iz+ ! life & accompli%m5ts ( ,blancas de ,san ,jose1 ,adu>te wrote3 ,s he 0 s5t to ,bataan1 :i* is ne> !re ,manila1 :]e he le>n$ ! language ( ! ,indians1 call$ ,tagalog1 :i* is ! mo/ common 9 ?is c\ntry & is us$ among ! ,indians = _m leagues ar\nd ! city4 ,s rapid 0 8 /udy ( ! language t he began to prea* 9 x )9 ?ree mon?s1 & c\ld tea* x to o!rs 9 six4444 ,& believ+ t he 0 ! in/rum5t ne$$ to br+ ! holy gospel to ! ,indians1 he sp>$ no pa9s to inve/igate ! fitness ( _! words1 ! way to use !m1 & all ! re/ s t he c\ld succe$ 9 ma/]+ x4444 ,he wrote _m books ( devotion = !m1 & s9ce !re 0 no pr9t+ 9 ^! isl&s1 & no "o :o und]/ood x or :o 0 a j\rneyman pr9t]1 he plann$ to h x done ?r\gh a ,*9aman1 a good ,*ri/ian1 :o1 see+ t ! books ( ,p4 ,fr4 ,francisco 7 sure to be ( great use1 be/[$ s mu* c>e ^u ?is und]tak+ t he f9ally succe$$1 aid$ by ^? :o told him :atev] !y knew ab\t x1 9 le>n+ ev]y?+ necess>y to d pr9t+2 & he pr9t$ ^! books4 4 4 4 ,he ,blancas de ,san ,jose pr9t$ a gramm> to le>n ! ,tagalog language1 a memorial ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 a book on ! f\r la/ ?+s1 ano!r on ! prep>ation = ! communion1 a confession>y1 ano!r on ! my/]ies ( ! ,ros>y ( ,our ,lady1 & ano!r to tea* ! ,tagalog ,indians ! ,spani% language1 & he left _m v pi\s & curi\s works 9 ! language ( ^! ,indians4 #bj ,blancas de ,san ,jose1 #ba z we h not$1 came to ! ,philipp9es 9 #aeie4 ,he 0 at ,abucay 9 ,bataan f #aeih until #afjb1 & !n sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 & ab\t ,manila1 prea*+ to ! ,indians & ! ,*9ese1 ^: language he also ma/]$4 ,9 #afad he set out = ,spa91 b di$ on ! voyage be=e rea*+ ,mexico4 ,( ! books :i* he is said to h _h pr9t$1 only two are kn[n to be extant1 ! ,arte y ,reglas de la ,l5gva ,tagala #bb & ! ,librong ,paga>alan nang manga ,tagalog nang uicang ,ca/illa #bc 7or ,libro en qve apr5dan los ,tagalos1 la l5gua ,ca/ellana71 bo? pr9t$ at ,bataan 9 #afaj1 & until ! discov]y ( ! pres5t ,doctr9a & ! ,ord9ationes ( #afjd ! e>lie/ surviv+ ,philipp9e impr9ts kn[n4 ,we h n cit$ "h 9 detail ! acc\nt ( ,juan ,lopez #bd 9 ! fif? "p ( 8 hi/ory ( ! ,dom9icans1 because1 al?\gh x 0 pr9t$ n9ete5 ye>s be=e ! appe>ance ( ,adu>te's "w1 ! in=mation !re9 conta9$ reg>d+ ! ,philipp9es 0 ackn[l$g$ly obta9$ f ! unf9i%$ manuscript :i* ,adu>te _h ) him 9 ,spa94 ,! p]t95t passages add no?+ to ,adu>te's in=mation1 & ev5 ! word+ is rem9isc5t ( 84 ,! fir/ sugge/ion t e>ly ,philipp9e books may h be5 pr9t$ f wood-blocks occurr$ 9 ,quetif & ,e*>d's bibliography ( ,dom9ican writ]s pr9t$ at ,p>is 9 #agai4 ,!re1 aft] li/+ eight works by ,blancas de ,san ,jose1 !y add3 ,he publi%$ all ^! 9 ! ,philipp9es ) ! help ( a ,*9ese ,*ri/ian us+ ,*9ese blocks1 = 9 8 day ,european typograph]s _h n yet arriv$ 9 ^? isl&s1 nor did !y h types = _! language4 #be ,?is 0 an amaz+ sugge/ion1 = z f> z we "k ! bibliograph]s :o made x _h n actually se5 ! books2 nor is x entirely true4 ,! fir/ two works li/$ are two books we "k 7 pr9t$ typographically 9 #afaj4 ,! six? is ,de los my/]ios del ,ros>io de nue/ra ,s5ora ,tagalice1 ! book ref]r$ to by ,f]n&ez z hav+ be5 pr9t$ 9 #afjb1 & g5]ally accept$ z be+ f movable type1 al?\gh no copy has be5 discov]$ to prove x4 ,& yet1 x is n at all impossible t "s "t be=e #afjb ,blancas de ,san ,jose _h "s ( 8 writ+s pr9t$ f blocks4 ,9 any ev5t1 ! idea1 lat] develop$ by ,m$9a & ,retana1 t xylography 0 us$ be=e a real pr9t+-press 0 e/abli%$1 may h come f ?is n :olly accurate note4 ,= almo/ a hundr$ & fifty ye>s no hi/orian or bibliograph] wrote any?+ to *all5ge ! basic affirmations ( ,*ir9o1 ,f]n&ez & ,adu>te4 ,9 ! middle ( ! #ah? c5tury1 ,lor5zo ,h]vas y ,p&uro1 #bf a ,jesuit1 0 =c$ by ! expulsion ( ! ,jesuits f ,spa9 to seek refuge 9 ! ,papal ,/ates1 & took up resid5ce at ,ces5a4 ,!re he began "w on a trem5d\s univ]sal hi/ory ( ! spiritual developm5t ( man1 into :i* he wove ! results ( 8 philosophical1 social & l+ui/ic /udies4 ,^! la/ 7 ( p>ticul> importance1 & ,h]vas is reg>d$ z ! true f\nd] ( ! sci5ce ( l+ui/ics & comp>ative philology4 ,9 #aghe he publi%$ ! eighte5? volume ( 8 massive "w1 ! ,orig9e1 =mazione1 meccanismo1 ed armonia degl' idiomi1 9 :i* he pr9t$ a ,tagalog ,ave ,m>ia z writt5 9 #aeic1 ) ! note3 ,! ,ave ,m>ia 9 ! ,tagalog ( #aeic is to be read 9 ! ,tagalog-,spani% ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana :i* 0 pr9t$ 9 ,tagalog & roman *>act]s by ! ,dom9ican fa!rs 9 _! pr9t+-h\se at ,manila 9 ! ye> #aeic4 #bg ,9 #aghg he f9i%$ 8 tw5ty-fir/ volume1 ,saggio pratico1 #bh :i* 0 ano!r philological /udy1 includ+ ! ,pat] ,no/] 9 ov] ?ree hundr$ languages & dialects1 among !m ,tagalog1 aga9 f ! #aeic ,doctr9a4 ,"h1 !n1 is ample pro( t a copy ( ?is book 0 kn[n to ,h]vas 9 #aghe1 & ! only in=mation :i* 8 loose transcription ( ! title fail$ to give 0 t ! volume 0 correct$ by memb]s ( ! ord]s1 t x 0 pr9t$ ) lic5se1 & t x 0 pr9t$ at ,san ,gabriel4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! foll[+ c5tury two ,g]man s*ol>s1 famili> ) ,h]vas' writ+s1 not$ ! #aeic ,doctr9a4 ,franz ,c>l ,alt]1 #bi 9 8 monograph on ! ,tagalog language1 pr9t$ ! ,ave ,m>ia f ! text :i* _h appe>$ 9 #aghe1 & ,johann ,*ri/oph ,adelung1 #cj 9 8 ,mi?ridates1 a compreh5sive /udy ( languages1 includ$ ! ,tagalog ,pat] ,no/] f ! ,saggio pratico ( #aghg4 ,! latt] also li/$ 9 a %ort bibliography ( ! ,tagalog language ! ,doctr9a ( #aeic1 giv+ exactly ! same in=mation ab\t x t ,h]vas _h4 ,nei!r ( ^! m5 app>5tly saw a copy ( ! book1 limit+ !mselves to extracts f ,h]vas1 b !y p]petuat$ an e>li] ref]5ce ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,%ortly aft] ! two ,g]mans publi%$ _! notices ( ! #aeic ,doctr9a an entry appe>$ ( a book pr9t$ at ,manila 9 #aeha4 ,jose ,m>iano ,b]i/a9 y ,s\sa1 a le>n$ ,mexican writ]1 issu$ 9 #ahai-ba a bibliography ( ,spani%-,am]ican books1 9 :i* he li/$ alphabetically ! au?ors1 giv+ a %ort biography ( ea* & add+ a li/ ( 8 works4 ,"u ,juan de ,qu9ones we f9d3 ',arte y ,vocabul>io de la ,l5gua ,tagala1' ,imp4 en ,manila1 #aeha4 #ca ,no specific au?ority is giv5 = ?is entry1 b 9 8 sket* ( ! life ( ,qu9ones ,b]i/a9 cit$ z s\rces1 ,juan de ,grijalva1 ,nicolas ,antonio1 ,gasp> de ,san ,agu/91 & ,jose ,sic>do4 ,x w\ld seem logical t "o ( ^! mu/ h m5tion$ su* a "w z pr9t$ 9 ,manila 9 #aeha1 b 9 trac+ d[n ! s\rces no su* precise notice is f\nd4 ,grijalva simply said t ,qu9ones conc]n$ himself ) ,tagalog & made a vocabul>y & gramm> ( x4 #cb ,antonio #cc ref]r$ to ,grijalva1 & c>ri$ ! matt] no fur!r4 ,san ,agu/91 describ+ ! ,franciscan *apt] ( #aegh1 wrote3 ,x 0 det]m9$ moreov] 9 ?is *apt] t ,p4 ,fr4 ,juan de ,qu9ones1 prior ( ! ,conv5t ( ,taal 9 ,tagalos1 & ,fr4 ,diego de ,o*oa1 prior ( ,bacolor 9 ,pampanga1 %\ld compose & fa%ion gramm>s1 diction>ies1 & confession>ies 9 ! two languages respectively ,tagalog & ,pampanga 9 :i* !y _h v5tur$2 :i* !y execut$ v promptly & well1 & ^! 7 ( great use to ^? :o came to ^! isl&s1 = !y _h ^! by :i* !y c\ld /udy ! languages4 #cd ,lat]1 ,san ,agu/91 aga9 m5tion+ ,qu9ones1 ref]r$ to ,grijalva1 & add$ z an additional s\rce = 8 in=mation ,tomas de ,h]r]a4 ,sic>do #ce add$ no?+ new4 ,h]r]a1 n cit$ directly by ,b]i/a91 may h[ev] h be5 ! s\rce f :i* ! ,imp4 ( 8 entry came4 ,h]r]a wrote3 ,he ,qu9ones 0 ! fir/ to h le>n$ ! ,tagalog language ( :i* he publi%$ a gramm> & diction>y z an aid to ! m9i/]s ( ! gospel4 ,if ,b]i/a9 read ?is1 he may h be5 misl$ by ! ,lat9 ( publi%$1 #cf 9 lucem edidit1 :i* may inde$ mean pr9t$ & publi%$1 b also means q prop]ly publi%$ 9 ! s5se ( writt5 9 manuscript & copi$ & circulat$4 ,we agree ) ,s*ill+ #cg t ?is latt] mean+ 0 ! "o int5d$4 ,"o o!r /atem5t t ,qu9ones' works 7 pr9t$ may d]ive f ! same misund]/&+4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahja ,p$ro ,bello wrote an acc\nt1 /ill 9 manuscript & unpubli%$1 ( ! writ+s ( ! ,augu/9ians4 ,8 rem>ks on ,qu9ones1 fir/ pr9t$ by ,santiago ,vela #ch1 we believe are only an ext5sion ( ,h]r]a's 9 lucem edidit4 ,?is same confusion 9 t]m9ology has be5 us$ #ci to support ,b]i/a9's claim by introduc+ z evid5ce ! lett] ( ,philip ,,ii ( ,may #h1 #aehd4 ,salaz>1 ! ,bi%op ( ,manila1 probably %ortly aft] ! ,synod ( #aehb1 _h writt5 ! ,k+ a lett]1 n[ un=tunately lo/1 9 :i* he spoke ( a decision to /&>dize l+ui/ic works4 ,9 answ] to ! ,bi%op1 ! foll[+ lett] 9 ! =m ( a royal c$ula 0 s5t3 ,to ! ,presid5t & ,judges ( my ,royal ,audi5cia situat$ 9 ! city ( ,manila 9 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s4--,x has be5 told me on behalf ( ,don ,fray ,dom+o de ,salaz>1 ,bi%op ( t place1 t x 0 agre$ t no prie/ might make a gramm> or vocabul>y1 & t if x 7 made x might n be publi%$ be=e be+ exam9$ & approv$ by ! said ,bi%op1 because o!rwise !re w\ld result great diff]5ces & disagreem5ts 9 ! doctr9e2 & ?is hav+ be5 se5 by my ,c\ncil ( ! ,indies1 x 0 agre$ t ,i %\ld ord] ?is my c$ula :i* decrees t :5 any gramm> or vocabul>y be made x %all n be publi%$ or us$ unless x has fir/ be5 exam9$ by ! said ,bi%op & se5 by ?is ,aud5cia4 #dj ,"h aga9 ! ^w publicado is br\ght =? to prove t ! lett] ref]r$ to pr9t$ works1 b "h aga9 ! t]m is equally applicable to manuscript works 9 common use & g5]ally available4 ,fur!r evid5ce t !re 0 no pr9t+ z e>ly z #aeha is to be f\nd 9 a lett] #da f ,juan de ,plas5cia1 a ,tagali/ ( great r5[n1 to ! ,k+1 dat$ f ,manila1 ,june #ah1 #aehe1 9 :i* he report$ on ! /ate ( mission>y "w 9 ,*9a & ,japan1 & add$ t he _h writt5 a gramm> & a decl>ation ( ! :ole ,doctr9a 9 ! mo/ common language ( ! ,philipp9es1 & t he 0 !n mak+ a diction>y1 conclud+ by ask+ ! ,k+ to s5d decrees ord]+ ^? works to be pr9t$ 9 ,mexico at ! exp5se ( ! ,ex*equ]4 ,is x likely t ,plas5cia w\ld h s writt5 if an ,arte y ,vocabul>io _h be5 pr9t$ f\r ye>s e>li]8 ,fur!rmore1 ,san ,antonio1 record+ ! book on ! cu/oms & rites ( ! ,indians writt5 by ,plas5cia at ! reque/ ( ! ,gov]nor ,santiago de ,v]a1 & dat$ ,octob] #bd1 #aehi1 said t x 0 n pr9t$ because pr9t+ h\ses _h n yet come to ?is c\ntry4 #db ,we !n conclude ) reg>d to ,b]i/a9's entry1 t al?\gh !re exi/$ 9 manuscript an ,arte y ,vocabuldrio ,tagalo by ,juan de ,qu9ones1 !re is no evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( any book pr9t$ = him f wood-blocks or 9 type4 ,santiago de ,vela #dc sugge/s ! possibility t !re might h be5 a xylographic ,arte ( #aeha1 b ,s*ill+ #dd que/ions ?is 9 ! face ( ! complete lack ( ref]5ce to su* a pr9t$ "w by any #ag? or #ah? c5tury writ]1 & ! t5u\s notices ( ,bello & ,b]i/a92 yet to say categorically t no su* "w 0 pr9t$ w\ld be foolh>dy 9 ! face ( ! scanty e>ly records & ! appe>ance ( ?is ,doctr9a1 a s+le copy ( :i* has j be5 discov]$4 ,! fir/ important "w devot$ solely to ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,philipp9e press 0 by ,t4,h4 ,p>do de ,tav]a1 :o 9 #ahic publi%$ 8 /udy ( pr9t+ & engrav+ 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,he !re record$ a #aeic ,doctr9a1 b adamantly refus$ to accept x on ! he>say evid5ce ( o!rs4 ,8 acc\nt is valuable because x %[s t !re may h be5 a copy ( ! ,doctr9a 9 ,java 9 #ahhe1 & s we quote f x at "s l5g?3 ,a le>n$ ,dut* ori5tali/1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,br&es1 wrote me 9 #ahhe f ,bali-,boelel5g 7,java7 tell+ me t 9 #aeic at ,manila !re 0 pr9t$ a ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana 9 ,spani%-,tagalog1 ) ! prop] *>act]s = ! latt] language4 ,o!r ori5tali/s1 at ! la/ ,congress 9 ,london 9 #ahia1 gave me ! same in=mation4 ,none!less1 no "o told me :]e he _h read su* a ?+1 nor mu* less t he _h manag$ to see su* a book1 al?\gh inspect+ a r>e book :i* ,i acquir$ 9 ,p>is 7,alt]1 ,ueb] die tagalis*e spra*e1 ,vi5na1 #ahjc71 ,i saw t ! au?or cit$ su* a ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana & said t he knew ( its exi/5ce ?r\gh ,abbe ,h]vas4 ,?is is an error1 & )\t d\bt su* a ,doctr9a 0 9 manuscript1 because 9 #aeia he %\ld h said #aeic !re 0 no press 9 ,manila nor 9 any "p ( ! ar*ipelago1 & today we "k = c]ta9 & positively t ! fir/ book issu$ !re appe>$ 9 #afaj4 #de ,p>do de ,tav]a 0 ! fir/ to call att5tion to ,alt]1 & ?r\gh him to ,h]vas1 & 9 all probability ! ori5tali/s at ! ,london ,congress _h se5 ! ,doctr9a cit$ by "o ( ^! or ,adelung4 ,b he rejects t evid5ce 9 no unc]ta9 t]ms4 ,mitigat+ some:at 8 assurance1 he speaks foll[+ ! above-quot$ passage ( pr9t+ 9 ,*9a1 & diff]5tiates betwe5 xylographic & typographic pr9t+1 & s9ce he 0 obvi\sly ?9k+ 9 t]ms ( pr9t+ on a press ) movable type 8 conclusions are n too extreme4 ,9 #ahif appe>$ ,jose ,toribio ,m$9a's ,la ,impr5ta en ,manila1 :i* 0 up to !n ! be/1 mo/ complete & mo/ s*ol>ly "w on e>ly ,philipp9e pr9t+1 & is today ) its subsequ5t additions & corrections ! /&>d bibliography ( ! subject4 ,!re ,m$9a cit$ mo/ ( ! au?orities we h already quot$1 ! lett] ( ,dasm>9as1 ,f]n&ez' ,hi/oria eclesia/ica1 ,adu>te1 ,adelung1 ,b]i/a9 & ,p>do de ,tav]a4 ,!n1 bas+ 8 conclusions /rongly on ! ,dasm>9as lett] & ! note ( ,adelung1 he li/$ #df z numb] "o 9 8 bibliography ! ,doctr9a ( #aeic 9 ,spani% & ,tagalog1 & z numb] two ! ,doctr9a 9 ,spani% & ,*9ese ( ! same ye>4 ,?is is a v]dict :i* has /ood ! te/ ( "t1 & "o t is j n[ confirm$ by ! discov]y ( ! book itself4 ,two po9ts1 h[ev]1 9 8 survey %\ld be not$4 ,9 8 discussion ( ! pr9t+ & ! au?or%ip ,m$9a does n emphasize ! ,dom9ican orig9 ( ! book1 al?\gh he does say t x does n appe> bold to u to suppose t ! impr9t ( ^! ,doctr9as ought to be ! ,hospital ( ,san ,gabriel 9 ?is village ,b9ondo1 #dg & fai?fully copies ,adelung's impr9t notice1 9 ! ,dom9ican pr9t+-h\se1 9 8 li/+ ( ! book4 ,! o!r po9t is t he says 9 8 introduction & repeats 9 8 entry t ! ,doctr9a _h a ,lat9 z well z ,spani% & ,tagalog texts1 an errone\s translation ( ,adelung's mit late9is*e und tagalis*e ,s*rift4 ,he 0 hesitant z are all bibliograph]s1 :o mu/ p]=ce record ! probable exi/5ce ( a book a copy ( :i* !y h nev] se51 9 committ+ himself z to :e!r x 0 pr9t$ f blocks or f type or by a comb9ation ( ! two me?ods4 ,m positive & m succ9ct ?an ,m$9a 0 ,t4,e4 ,retana ^: e>li] rese>*es #dh into ! hi/ory ( ! ,philipp9es ,m$9a ackn[l$g$ly made use (1 & :o 9 #ahig publi%$ 8 ,la ,impr5ta en ,filip9as1 ,adiciones y ,obs]vaciones a ,la ,impr5ta en ,manila4 ,he took ! mat]ial ( ,m$9a1 add$ ! evid5ce ( ,*ir9o & ,plas5cia1 & resumm>iz$ ! problem4 ,! lett] ( ,dasm>9as %[$ conclusively t a ,doctr9a 0 pr9t$ 9 #aeic4 ,*ir9o said t ! fir/ two ^: works 7 pr9t$ 7 ,juan de ,villanueva & ,blancas de ,san ,jose4 ,f]n&ez /at$ positively t ! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ! ,philipp9es 0 ! book ( ,our ,lady ( ! ,ros>y by ,blancas de ,san ,jose pr9t$ at ,bataan 9 #afjb4 ,adu>te support$ ?is )\t m5tion+ a title1 place or date ( pr9t+4 ,if we are to accept all ^! /atem5ts z incontrov]tible1 h[ c ! app>5t contradictions be reconcil$8 ,! answ] _h already be5 h9t$ at1 b ,retana solv$ ! problem ) amaz+ acum51 & arriv$ at f\r conclusions1 :i* are "h pr9t$ 9 8 own words3 ,a--,t ! ,doctr9as ( #aeic1 ?\gh pr9t$ at ,manila1 7 n execut$ 9 type1 b by ! s-call$ xylographic me?od2 ,b--,t ! initiative = ! e/abli%m5t ( typography is ow$ to ,p4 ,fr4 ,francisco ,blancas de ,san ,jose2 ,c--,t ! fir/ typograph] 0 ! ,*9ese ,*ri/ian ,juan de ,v]a at ! in/igation ( ! said ,fa!r ,san ,jose2 ,d--,t ! fir/ typographical pr9t+ ( ?is ,dom9ican au?or is ( ! ye> #afjb4 #di ,x is n difficult to say ) ! book itself 9 front ( u1 t x is an example ( xylographic pr9t+1 b x 0 a great feat on ! "p ( ,retana1 :o _h nev] se5 a copy1 to resolve app>5tly irreconcilable diff]5ces ( op9ion on ! "p ( sev]al unque/ion$ au?orities by d$uc+ t x 0 all a matt] ( semantics--:at did pr9t+ mean8 ,z = ! sprite ( #aeha introduc$ by ,b]i/a91 ,retana dismiss$ x on ! gr\nds ( insuffici5t evid5ce4 ,9 a ^w1 he conclud$ t ! fir/ book issu$ 9 ! ,philipp9es 0 a ,doctr9a pr9t$ f wood-blocks 9 #aeic4 ,all subsequ5t writ]s on ! subject h d]iv$ _! in=mation f ! s\rces we h already m5tion$1 & to a great degree h be5 influ5c$ by ! f9d+s ( ,m$9a & ,retana4 ,! ,rev4 ,?omas ,cooke ,middleton #ej 9 #aijj confess$ t he did n "k :at ! fir/ book pr9t$ 04 ,p>do de ,tav]a ma9ta9$ 8 old intransig5ce1 :5 9 ! introduction to 8 bibliography = ! ,libr>y ( ,congress 9 #aijc he wrote t ,m$9a's affirmation t pr9t+ took place 9 #aeic loses all validity 9 ! face ( ! categorical /atem5t ( ,f4 ,alonso ,f]n&ez4 #ea ,m$9a did n comm5t fur!r 9 8 ,adiciones y ,ampliaciones #eb ( #aijd1 yet :5 ! same ye> ,p]ez & ,gueemes #ec publi%$ _! additions to & cont9uation ( ,m$9a1 br++ 8 bibliography d[n to #ahej1 !y resurrect$ ! #aeha ,arte1 b add$ no new evid5ce to prove _! case4 ,blair & ,rob]tson1 9 _! trem5d\s1 collective hi/ory ( ! ,philipp9es1 did n include a li/ ( ,philipp9e impr9ts 9 _! bibliography1 #ed b ref]r$ read]s to ,m$9a & ,retana ) :om !y agre$4 ,to celebrate ! ?ree hundr$? anniv]s>y ( typographical pr9t+ 9 ! ,philipp9es ,artigas y ,cu]va #ee wrote a /udy :i* emphasiz$ ! "p play$ by ,blancas de ,san ,jose1 b did n d5y ! exi/5ce ( ! #aeic ,doctr9a4 ,retana #ef 9 #aiaa br\ght 8 "w on ! subject up to date1 b reta9$ all 8 major conclusions4 ,9 ,palau's /&>d bibliography ( ,spani% books we f9d ! ,doctr9as call$ ! two e>lie/ books kn[n to h be5 pr9t$ 9 ,manila4 #eg ,f9ally1 ! mo/ ?or\gh rec5t "w on ! subject is to be f\nd 9 ,s*ill+'s #eh survey ( ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,philipp9e press publi%$ 9 #aicg4 ,!re is little t c be add$ to ! evid5ce uncov]$ by ^! mod]n writ]s1 b ! appe>ance ( ! book itself enables u to say ) c]ta9ty "s ?+s :i* !y 7 able only to surmise4 ,h[ev]1 z reg>ds ! au?or%ip & ! circum/ances & place ( pr9t+ we are able1 f ! in=mation giv5 on ! title1 to c>ry ! inve/igation some:at fur!r4 ,,! ,,au?or%ip ,,( ,,! ,,text ,! title tells u t ! book 0 correct$ by ! prie/s ( m ?an "o ord]1 & s9ce x 0 pr9t$ by ! ,dom9icans1 we c assume t ! ultimate responsibility = ! prep>ation ( ! text 9 consultation ) fri>s ( o!r ord]s also lay 9 _! h&s4 ,our problem !n is to discov] :at texts 7 available to !m 9 #aeic & :o 7 ! prie/s :o =m$ ! editorial bo>d4 ,we h includ$ 9 ?is /udy also ! orig9s ( ! ,*9ese text1 = ! two ,doctr9as appe>$ at ! same "t1 & z we %all see ! same ,dom9icans 7 probably responsible = ! production & prep>ation ( bo? ! ,tagalog & ! ,*9ese texts4 ,dur+ ! p]iod "u discussion !re 7 prie/s ( f\r ord]s active 9 ! isl&s1 & s we %all speak 9 turn ( ! ,augu/9ian1 ,franciscan1 ,jesuit & ,dom9ican fa!rs :o might h writt5 or work$ on ! ,doctr9as pr9t$ 9 #aeic4 ,,! ,,augu/9ians ,! fir/ prie/s to come to ! ,philipp9es 7 six ,augu/9ians :o accompani$ ,legazpi on ! exp$ition :i* 9 #aefe e/abli%$ ! fir/ p]man5t ,european settlem5t 9 ! isl&s4 ,among !m 0 ,m>t9 de ,rada1 :o 0 "o ( ! mo/ important & influ5tial prie/s dur+ ! e>ly days ( ! ,spani% colony1 & :o 0 ! fir/ l+ui/ ( note to "w 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,! fir/ language he le>n$ 0 ,visayan1 #ei native to ! isl& ( ,cebu :]e ! ,spani>ds fir/ l&$1 b he also le>n$ ,*9ese4 ,9 ,may #aegb he 0 elect$ prov9cial ( 8 ord]1 & 9 ,june #aege he w5t ) ,j]onimo ,m>91 z ambassador to ,*9a1 be+ ! fir/ ,spani>d :o ent]$ into t said k+dom4 #fj ,9 prep>ation = ! voyage1 we are told by ,gonzalez de ,m5doza1 ^: fam\s & popul> hi/ory ( ,*9a fir/ pr9t$ 9 #aehe d]ives 9 a great measure f in=mation br\ght back by ,rada1 t ,rada began ) great c>e /udie to le>ne t language ,*9ese1 ! :i* he le>n$ 9 few daies3 did make !re( a diction>ie4 #fa ,rada 0 !n n only ! fir/ to write 9 ,visayan1 b also ! fir/ to compile a ,*9ese diction>y1 & m important /ill br\ght back ) him to ,manila f ,*9a _m books ( :i* ,m5doza gives a li/4 #fb ,^! books1 pr9t$ 9 ! usual ,*9ese me?od f wood-blocks1 c\ld h provid$ models = ! ,spani>ds 9 ! ,philipp9es :o lack$ ,european facilities = pr9t+1 & !y may h giv5 bir? to ! idea :i* result$ 9 ! xylographic ,doctr9as4 ,)9 ! fir/ few ye>s sev]al m ,augu/9ian fa!rs #fc arriv$ ^: l+ui/ic accompli%m5ts are briefly not$ by ! hi/orians1 b :ile ^! m5 7 c]ta9ly pione]s 9 ! speak+ ( ,tagalog & ,*9ese1 !y are n record$ z hav+ writt5 9 ! language4 ,accord+ to ,cano1 #fd ! fir/ ,tagalog gramm> 0 writt5 by ,agu/9 de ,alburqu]que1 & ,retana #fe consid]$ him "o ( ! possible au?ors ( ! pres5t ,doctr9a4 ,?is fri> rea*$ ! ,philipp9es 9 #aega1 accompani$ ,rada on 8 second exp$ition to ,*9a 9 #aegf1 0 elect$ prov9cial 9 #aegh1 & di$ 9 #aehj4 ,h[ev]1 !re is no e>ly record say+ t ,alburqu]que wrote any l+ui/ic "w4 ,! /atem5t 0 n made until ! #ai? c5tury1 & 9 contradiction ,juan de ,m$9a1 :o wrote 9 #afcj1 said t ,juan de ,qu9ones made a gramm> & lexicon ( ! ,tagal language1 :i* 0 ! fir/ to make a />t 9 ! rules ( its mode ( spee*4 #ff ,fur!rmore1 9 ! (ficial acts #fg ( ! ,augu/9ian prov9ce we f9d t on ,augu/ #bj1 #aegh ,alburqu]que z prov9cial ( ! ord] commission$ ,qu9ones to write a gramm>1 diction>y & confession>y 9 ! ,tagalog language4 ,! conclusions ( ,santiago de ,vela #fh are t x is d\btful t ,alburqu]que wrote any l+ui/ic works1 & if he did !y 7 liable to h be5 r\gh prelim9>y /udies #fi ^u :i* ! texts ( ,qu9ones 7 bas$4 ,9 view ( ! lack ( positive contempor>y evid5ce #gj we believe t ,alburqu]que may be elim9at$ except z ! in/igator ( su* works1 & we return aga9 to ,juan de ,qu9ones4 ,9 s f> z ,qu9ones #ga 0 ! au?or ( a gramm> & diction>y claim$ to h be5 pr9t$ at ,manila 9 #aeha1 we h %[n :at v>i\s writ]s h said1 & ?\gh we mu/ conclude t ! "w 0 probably n pr9t$1 x is c]ta9 t he wrote 9 ! ,tagalog language4 ,agu/9 ,m>ia de ,ca/ro #gb said1 al?\gh no e>li] writ]s support x1 t ,qu9ones actually pres5t$ a gramm>1 diction>y & ,doctr9a 9 ,tagalog at ! ,synod ( #aehb = its approval4 ,our total in=mation ab\t ?is ,augu/9ian l+ui/ boils d[n to ^! ess5tials3 t he did write a gramm> & diction>y ( ,tagalog ab\t #aegh-ha1 :i* may h be5 ! e>lie/ writt5 9 ! ,philipp9es2 t he may h pres5t$ ^! & a ,doctr9a at ! ,synod ( #aehb :i* approv$ ,juan de ,plas5cia's works2 t !re is no concrete evid5ce t any ( ^! works 7 pr9t$2 & t ,qu9ones' works :i* 7 extant 9 manuscript 9 #aeic might h be5 consult$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! pres5t ,doctr9a4 ,ano!r memb] ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,augu/9e :o might h be5 able to p>ticipate 9 ! edit+ ( ! #aeic ,doctr9as 0 ,diego ,munoz4 ,munoz came to ! isl&s 9 #aegh1 & di$ 9 #aeid4 ,( him ,san ,agu/9 writes3 ,moreov] 9 ?is ye> #aeha ! m9i/ry = ! ,sangleys 0 f\nd$ 9 ! conv5t ( ,tondo1 & ,p4 ,fr4 ,diego ,munoz 0 nam$ z its special m9i/]4 ,he devot$ p>ticul> zeal to ! /udy ( ! ,*9ese language1 & prea*$ 9 x ) mu* elegance4 ,& all ! ,sangleys :o 7 go+ to be baptiz$1 & !re 7 _m1 _h rec\rse to ?is m9i/ry1 & ! tea*+ 0 cont9u$ ) mu* vigilance & c>e4 ,& !re nev] lack$ a religi\s ( our ord] to apply himself to su* holy "w1 f ! "t we came to ?is l&1 z our orig9al records ( ! prov9ce prove4 #gc ,to him is also attribut$ #gd a volume ( manuscript panegyric s]mons 9 ,tagalog1 & because ( ?is & 8 "w at ,tondo he may h be5 consult$ by ! ,dom9icans4 ,we also m5tion ,lor5zo de ,leon1 #ge :o arriv$ 9 #aehb1 sp5t twelve ye>s 9 ! prov9ces1 wrote a book call$ ! ,e/rella del m> 9 ,tagalog1 & di$ 9 #afbc1 & might also h help$4 ,,! ,,franciscans ,al?\gh ! fir/ ,franciscans did n arrive 9 ! ,philipp9es until ,june #bd1 #aegg1 ! writ+s ( ! l+ui/s ( t ord] are m fully record$4 ,among ! e>lie/ 0 ,juan de ,plas5cia :o1 ! ,franciscans claim1 wrote ! fir/ ,tagalog gramm>4 ,he 0 =tunate 9 meet+ soon aft] 8 arrival ,miguel de ,talav]a1 #gf :o _h come ) 8 p>5ts on ! exp$ition ( ,legazpi4 ,miguel1 !n q "y1 became 9 a mann] ( speak+ ! disciple ( ,plas5cia1 & :ile ! fa!r taught him ,lat91 he 9 turn taught ,plas5cia ! elem5ts ( ,tagalog :i* he _h pick$ up4 ,= two ye>s ,plas5cia m9i/]$ 9 ! prov9ces ( ,tayabas1 ,laguna1 & ,bulacan :]e he us$ & p]fect$ 8 k ( ! native language4 ,on ,may #bj1 #aegi1 :5 ! prov9cial ,p$ro de ,alf>o left = ,*9a1 he nam$ ,plas5cia act+ prov9cial dur+ 8 abs5ce4 ,a ref]5ce to ! e>lie/ l+ui/ic writ+s ( ! ,franciscans occurs 9 an acc\nt by ,santa ,ines ( ! *apt] meet+ held 9 ! ,conv5t ( ,los ,angeles 9 ,july #aehj1 :i* 0 presid$ ov] by ,plas5cia3 ,! ?ird & la/ ?+ t 0 det]m9$ 9 ?is *apt] 0 t a gramm> & diction>y ( ! ,tagalog language %\ld be made & a translation ( ! ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana complet$4 ,& s9ce ,fr4 ,juan de ,plas5cia1 ! presid5t ( ?is same *apt]1 excell$ all 9 ! language1 he 0 giv5 ?is responsibility1 & he accept$ x1 & imm$iately set to "w4 ,& !n aft] great /udy1 mu* lack ( sleep & c>e1 toge!r ) f]v5t pray]s & o!r spiritual duties1 ( n little importance 9 ! good pr(it ( su* "w1 he r$uc$ ! language to a gramm>1 made a cate*ism1 a v full diction>y1 & v>i\s translations4 #gg ,b ! mo/ important record ( 8 writ+s is conta9$ 9 ! description ( ! ,synod call$ by ,bi%op ,salaz> 9 #aehb4 ,9 ,m>*1 #aeha1 ,dom+o de ,salaz>1 ! fir/ ,bi%op ( ,manila & ! ,philipp9es1 _h arriv$4 ,! problems :i* fac$ him 7 manifold1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ecclesia/ical jurisdiction1 ! treatm5t ( ! natives by gov]nm5t adm9i/rators1 & ! means by :i* ! gospel c\ld be/ be spread4 ,a synod 0 call$ to resolve ^! po9ts4 ,"o matt] ( ! utmo/ importance 0 ! approval ( /&>d ,tagalog texts1 & ,juan de la ,concepcion gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( :at transpir$ 9 ?is connection3 ,8 excell5cy presid$ at ! meet+s4 ,at !m ! mo/ le>n$ topics 7 discuss$ & ! mo/ le>n$ p]sons 7 pres5t--! ,dom9ican fa!r ,salvati]ra1 ! mo/ out/&+ s*ol>s among ! ,augu/9ians & ,franciscans1 ! ,jesuit fa!rs ,s$5o & ,san*ez1 & ! ,lic5tiate ,don ,diego ,vasquez de ,m]cado z dean ( ! new ca!dral4 ,at ?is conv5tion or diocesan synod x 0 discuss$ :e!r ! ,indians 7 to be m9i/]$ to 9 _! native language1 or if !y w\ld be oblig$ to le>n ,spani%1 & x 0 decid$ to in/ruct !m 9 _! native tongue4 ,! div9e (fice1 ! ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 :i* ,fa!r ,fr4 ,juan de ,plas5cia _h translat$ into ! ,tagalog language1 0 approv$4 ,8 "w1 ! ,arte y ,vocabuldrio ,tagalo1 0 judg$ mo/ useful because ( ! ease by :i* x p]mitt$ an und]/&+ & ?or\gh k ( s =eign a language4 #gh ,! already quot$ acc\nt ( ,santa ,ines cont9ues ) a simil> description ( ! ,synod1 & says t :5 ! problem ( tea*+ ! natives 0 br\ght up only ,plas5cia c\ld resolve x4 ,s9ce1 hav+ se5 8 cate*ism & ! translation :i* he _h made 9 ,tagalog ( ! gramm> & diction>y1 ^? :o 7 at ! ,synod & und]/ood any?+ ( ! language c\ld d no?+ b admire ! fitness ( ! t]ms1 _! efficacy & /r5g?4 ,& !y said t1 )\t ! p>ticul> help ( heav51 x seem$ impossible t 9 s %ort a "t & ) s few ye>s 9 ! c\ntry he c\ld h done su* excell5t "w4 ,& !n1 hav+ approv$ !m1 !y ord]$ t v>i\s copies be made1 p>ticul>ly ( ! translation ( ! ,doctr9a1 s t ) !m & ) no o!r w\ld ! m9i/]s tea* ! ,indians1 & s x 0 approv$1 9 ord] t !re might be uni=mity 9 all p>ts ( ! ,tagalog c\ntry4 ,?is translation is t :i* has come d[n to ?is day1 except t x is m poli%$4 #gi ,x mu/ h be5 %ortly aft] ! h&books ( ,plas5cia receiv$ ! seal ( ecclesia/ical approval t ,salaz> wrote ! ,k+ speak+ ( ! action tak51 & got back 9 answ] ! c$ula1 quot$ be=e1 giv+ ! ,bi%op & ,audi5cia ! "r ( c5sor%ip ov] su* works4 ,! "q ( *ronological prec$5ce #hj betwe5 ,qu9ones & ,plas5cia is n important1 = ! specific approval ( ,plas5cia's texts by ! ,synod1 att5d$ by ,qu9ones himself1 %[s t ,plas5cia's books 7 accept$1 & 9 con=mity ) ! rul+ ( ! ,synod w\ld h be5 ! only texts all[$ to be us$ g5]ally 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,ano!r ref]5ce to writ]s 9 ! native tongues 9 an anonym\s manuscript ( #afdi introduces ! names ( o!r l+ui/s3 ,! fir/ mission>ies left _m writ+s 9 ! ,tagalog & ,bicol languages1 ! be/ ( :i* are ^? left by ,fa!rs ,fray ,juan de ,oliv]1 ,fray ,juan de ,plas5cia1 ,fray ,miguel de ,talav]a1 ,fray ,diego de la ,asuncion1 & ,fray ,g]onimo ,monte4 ,m5tion is "h made ( ! above fa!rs because !y 7 ! fir/ ma/]s ( ! ,tagalog language1 & s9ce _! writ+s are s common & s well receiv$ by all ! ord]s4 ,!y h n be5 pr9t$1 because !y are volum9\s1 & !re are no arrangem5ts 9 ?is k+dom = pr9t+ s mu*4 #ha ,miguel de ,talav]a we h spok5 ( be=e4 ,t he help$ ,plas5cia 9 ! compilation ( 8 e>lie/ works 9 ,tagalog is cle>1 & to him 9 "p mu/ be attribut$ ! miracle ( ! production by ,plas5cia ( ! texts 9 s %ort a "t & ) s few ye>s 9 ! c\ntry4 ,m>t9ez says specifically t ,talav]a 0 ! fir/ int]pret] among our prie/s1 & greatly help$ ,fr4 ,juan de ,plas5cia 9 ! composition ( ! ,arte y ,vocabul>io4 #hb ,juan de ,oliv] 0 9 some:at ! same relation%ip to ,plas5cia1 b in/ead ( help+ ) ! initial attempts1 he c>ri$ on f :]e ,plas5cia left (f4 ,oliv] came to ! ,philipp9es on ! same exp$ition :i* br\ght ,bi%op ,salaz> 9 #aeha4 ,accord+ to ,hu]ta #hc he work$ 9 v>i\s ,tagalog villages1 & ma/]$ ! ,tagalog & ,bicol languages1 9 :i* he wrote tw5ty-two works1 :i* ,hu]ta li/s4 ,( ^! ?ree are ( p>ticul> int]e/ to u4 ,! fir/ entry says t he correct$ ! ,tagalog gramm> writt5 by ,fr4 ,juan de ,plas5cia1 & add$ ! adv]bs & p>ticles2 #hd ! second t he p]fect$ & augm5t$ ! ,spani%-,tagalog diction>y1 writt5 by ! said ,fr4 ,juan de ,plas5cia2 & ! sixte5? li/s a ,catecismo de doctr9a ,cri/iana esplicado4 ,sev]al au?ors1 attempt+ to e/abli% ! priority ( ,qu9ones' diction>y1 "q ! exi/5ce ( "o by ,plas5cia at ! ,synod ( #aehb 9 ! face ( 8 own /atem5t 9 #aehe t he 0 !n mak+ a diction>y4 #he ,to u !re seems to be no inconsi/5cy1 if ,plas5cia 9 #aehe 0 ref]r+ to a revision1 unque/ionably made ) 8 k & help1 by ,juan de ,oliv]4 ,9 %ort1 x is reasonable to assume t ,plas5cia1 burd5$ ) adm9i/rative duties f #aehc to #aehf1 dur+ :i* "t he 0 cu/odian ( 8 ord]1 secur$ ! aid ( ,oliv] 9 re$it+ & cont9u+ 8 l+ui/ic /udies4 ,plas5cia di$ 9 #aeij4 ,! o!r two ,franciscans li/$ by ! anonym\s hi/orian ( #afdi are else:]e record$ z hav+ writt5 v>i\s works 9 ,tagalog4 ,to bo? ,diego de la ,asuncion #hf & ,g]onimo ,montes y ,escamillo #hg 7 attribut$ gramm>s & diction>ies1 & ! latt] also wrote a ,devotional tagalog1 said to h be5 pr9t$ at ,manila 9 #afaj4 ,9 speak+ ( ^! e>ly l+ui/ic texts1 x is n necess>y to believe t ea* 0 a completely orig9al "w1 b r t !y 7 bas$ ^u a recogniz$ model1 :i* 0 at fir/ ! ,talav]a-,plas5cia-,oliv] text1 & t ! individual mission>ies us$ _! exp]i5ce 9 ! field to produce1 z x 71 new editions4 ,t ?is 0 ! case is borne out by ! notes ( ,pablo ,rojo to 8 bibliography ( ,plas5cia :]e speak+ ( ! gramm> & diction>y he says t p]fect$ by o!r mission>ies1 !y h be5 ! base = su* gramm>s & diction>ies ( ,tagalog z h be5 writt51 b 9 ! =m 9 :i* !y came f ! h&s ( _! au?or1 !y h n come d[n to u4 #hh ,m important /ill is ,rojo's /atem5t #hi t he f\nd a portion ( ,plas5cia's ,doctr9a :i* _h be5 believ$ lo/1 & f :i* he quotes ! ,pat] ,no/]4 ,s9ce he does n say :]e ! manuscript 0 or h[ x 0 kn[n to be ,plas5cia's text1 we _c put too mu* reliance on ! /atem5t1 b ! text z !re pr9t$1 :ile simil> to t ( ! pres5t ,doctr9a1 is n id5tical4 ,,! ,,jesuits ,be=e pass+ on to ! ,dom9icans we %all m5tion briefly ! l+ui/s ( ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,9 ! e>ly days !re 7 n _m ,jesuits 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,h[ev]1 !re 7 "s l+ui/s among !m1 *iefly ( ! ,visayan tongue1 9 :i* !y are said to h pr9t$ a ,doctr9a #ij z e>ly z #afaj4 ,limit+ ourselves to a note ( ^? :o knew ,*9ese & ,tagalog1 we f9d t ! fir/ m5tion$ by ,*ir9o z an out/&+ ma/] ( "o ( ^! 0 ,francisco ,alm]ique1 :o arriv$ ) ,santiago de ,v]a 9 #aehc4 ,%ortly !reaft] he began ! /udy ( ! ,*9ese language 9 8 zeal to aid 9 ! conv]sion ( ! _m ,*9ese :o came to ,manila & :om we 9 ! ,philipp9es call ,sangleys4 #ia ,& ,col9 says 8 pr9cipal occupation 0 ) ! ,tagalog ,indians1 be+ ! fir/ ( ! ,company to le>n _! language4 #ib ,no?+ fur!r is said ( 8 accompli%m5ts 9 ^! languages1 b 8 k w\ld h be5 available 9 #aeic1 = he 0 !n /ill active 9 ! isl&s4 ,*ir9o himself l&$ at ,manila 9 #aeij %ortly aft] ,dasm>9as1 & w5t almo/ imm$iately to ,taytay :]e he le>n$ ,tagalog & 0 jo9$ 9 #aeib by ,m>t9 ,h5riquez4 ,at ! "t ,juan de ,oliv] 0 prea*+ 9 t di/rict1 & x is exce$+ly probable t he help$ ! newcom]s ) ! language1 = ,*ir9o speaks ( him 9 t]ms ( highe/ praise4 ,h5riquez le>n$ ! language 9 ?ree mon?s & 9 six wrote a cate*ism 9 x1 a confession>y1 & a book ( s]mons = all ! gospels ( ! ye> 9 ! said idiom1 #ic b he di$ on ,febru>y #c1 #aeic at ,taytay4 ,h[ ?or\ghly ,*ir9o himself _h grasp$ ! fundam5tals ( ,tagalog is evid5t f 8 ?ree *apt]s #id on ! language & lett]s ( ! natives 9 :i* he pr9ts ! ,ave ,m>ia 9 ,tagalog & reproduces ! ,tagalog alphabet--its fir/ appe>ance 9 a ,european publication4 ,b ,*ir9o1 :o rema9$ 9 ! prov9ces until #aeie1 w\ld h m5tion$ 8 p>ticipation & t ( ,h5riquez 9 ! ,doctr9a ( #aeic1 s we record !m z possible b n probable consultants4 ,,! ,,dom9icans ,_h ,adu>te writt5 t ! fir/ books pr9t$ at ,manila 7 two ,doctr9as issu$ by ! ,dom9icans at ,san ,gabriel 9 #aeic1 & giv5 "s details ( _! production1 we c\ld conclude our /udy ) a quotation f him1 b n[h]e does he m5tion !m4 ,9 fact1 8 inf]5ce 0 t ! fir/ book 0 t pr9t$ = ,blancas de ,san ,jose1 & yet we "k t ?is ,doctr9a prec$$ any?+ t ,blancas de ,san ,jose c\ld h writt51 s9ce he did n come to ! ,philipp9es until #aeie4 ,we c assume1 z ,retana did1 t by pr9t+ ,adu>te meant pr9t+ f movable type1 b ?is does n expla9 away ! fact t ,adu>te1 :o record$ 9 detail ev5ts ( f> less significance1 did n speak ( ! ,doctr9as at all4 ,! be/--& x is a mo/ unsatisfactory be/--t we c d is ascribe ! omission to ! frailty ( man1 & record t !re is no notice ( ! ,dom9ican ,doctr9a ( #aeic 9 ! mo/ complete contempor>y ,dom9ican hi/ory ( ! ,philipp9es4 ,! fir/ memb]s ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,dom9ic #ie to l& 9 ! ,philipp9es 7 ,bi%op ,salaz> & 8 assi/ant1 ,*ri/oval de ,salvati]ra4 ,b !y 7 fully occupi$ ) ! adm9i/ration ( ! bi%opric & c\ld n devote !mselves to regul> mission>y "w4 ,x 0 n until ,july #be1 #aehg t work+ ,dom9ican mission>ies came4 ,!n fifte5 #if "u ! lead]%ip ( ,juan de ,ca/ro arriv$1 & e/abli%$ ! fir/ ,dom9ican prov9ce #ig ( ! ,philipp9es & ,*9a1 ?us consummat+ ! hope express$ z e>ly z #aegi4 #ih ,9 consultation ) ! o!r ord]s x 0 decid$ t ! ,dom9icans %\ld be giv5 ! m9i/ry ( ! t]ritories ( ,pangas9an & ,bataan1 :i* _h !ret(ore be5 spiritually exploit$ by few prie/s4 ,almo/ imm$iately1 on ,septemb] #ae1 #aehg1 ! vic>iate ( ,bataan 0 f\nd$ & settl$4 ,9 speak+ ( x1 ,adu>te /ress$ ! importance ( a k ( ! language ( ! natives1 :i* !re w\ld h be5 ,tagalog1 to ! success ( ! mission4 ,dom+o de ,nieva1 "o ( ! f\r memb]s ( ! mission1 le>n$ x rapidly & well1 & soon began to prea* to ! ,indians 9 _! own tongue4 ,8 aptitude = languages & its usefulness to ! ,dom9icans mu/ h be5 v great1 = ,adu>te 9 li/+ ! prie/s :o orig9ally volunte]$ 9 ,spa9 makes few comm5ts ab\t individuals1 b ( ,nieva he rem>ks t he 0 aft]w>ds ( great importance because ( ! great ease & skill ) :i* he le>n$ languages1 :e!r ,indian or ,*9ese4 #ii ,un=tunately ,nieva 0 only a deacon1 & s c\ld n he> confession1 a fact :i* 0 greatly deplor$1 because dur+ t fir/ ye> no o!r prie/ ma/]$ ! language suffici5tly well to d x1 b 9 ,septemb] #aehh he rea*$ ! requisite age & 0 orda9$4 ,ab\t t "t ! fri>s 9 ,bataan--"o _h di$ & ano!r 0 ail+--7 jo9$ by ,juan de la ,cruz1 :o1 be+ "y1 succe$$ v well ) ! language1 #ajj & also succe$$ 9 surviv+ ! climate4 ,e>ly 9 #aehh ,juan ,cobo #aja arriv$ f ,mexico4 ,%ortly !reaft]1 on ,june #ab1 #aehh1 ! ,dom9ican *apt] held its fir/ convocation4 ,x elect$ ,juan de ,ca/ro ! fir/ prov9cial1 adopt$ ! g5]al ord9ances #ajb already made 9 ,mexico1 gave ! conv5t at ,manila ! title ( priory1 & designat$ z p>ts ( ! prov9ce f\r vic>iates4 ,( prim>y importance 0 ! appo9tm5t !n ( ,juan ,cobo to ! mission = ! ,*9ese4 ,f ! v e>lie/ days ( ! ,spani% occupation ( ,manila1 ! gov]nors _h _h tr\ble ) ! ,*9ese & ,sangleys4 #ajc ,^! p _h long conduct$ a pr(itable trade betwe5 ,*9a & ! ,philipp9es1 & _m _h settl$ p]man5tly ne> ,manila1 :ile o!rs /ay$ !re regul>ly betwe5 trad+ voyages4 ,! ,*9ese m]*ants 7 9 full control ( ! %ops ( ! city1 & s monopoliz$ retail trade t ! e>ly gov]nors legislat$ #ajd aga9/ !m to give ! ,spani>ds a *ance to e/abli% !mselves 9 bus9ess4 ,9 #aehh !re 7 z _m z sev5 ?\s& ( !m 9 & ar\nd ,manila4 ,no "o _h object$ to ! ,pangas9an & ,bataan assignm5ts1 b :5 x 0 sugge/$ t ! ,dom9icans also assume ! responsibility = ! m9i/ry ov] ! ,*9ese & ,sangleys 9 ! suburbs ( ,manila1 ! ,augu/9ians vehem5tly res5t$ :at !y consid]$ an invasion ( _! prior rights4 ,adu>te omits any acc\nt ( a disagreem5t1 m]ely say+ t s9ce ! ,*9ese _h _h no "o to m9i/] to !m ! ,dom9icans assum$ t responsibility1 b 9 a lett] #aje f ! ,lic5tiate ,gasp> de ,ayala to ,philip ,,ii1 dat$ f ,manila1 ,july #ae1 #aehi1 full details ( ! squabble are giv54 ,f ?is s\rce we le>n t ! ,augu/9ians _h a conv5t 9 ! village ( ,tondo 9 ! ,*9ese di/rict4 ,!re !y _h m9i/]$ to ! natives 9 _! own language1 b _h r neglect$ _! ,*9ese-speak+ p>i%ion]s4 ,consequ5tly aft] ! arrival ( ! ,dom9icans ! ,audi5cia pass$ an ord9ance requir+ t ! ,bi%op appo9t m9i/]s ( "o ord] to adm9i/] to ! ,*9ese 9 _! own language )9 ?irty days4 ,to meet ! deadl9e ! ,augu/9ians began to /udy ,*9ese at breakneck spe$1 b :5 ! ,bi%op came to ,tondo to he> "o ( ! fri>s1 :o 0 suppos$ to "k ! language1 prea* 9 x1 !re 0 "s tr\ble z a result ( :i* ! ,augu/9ian w\ld n1 or inde$ c\ld n1 prea*4 ,naturally1 :5 x 0 decid$ to aw>d ! t]ritory to ! ,dom9icans1 ! ,augu/9ians accus$ ! ,bi%op ( favoritism t[>ds 8 own ord]4 ,! :ole situation is be/ describ$ 9 ! report on ! ,*9ese made by ,salaz> to ! ,k+ on ,june #bd1 #aeij3 ,:5 ,i arriv$ 9 ?is l&1 ,i f\nd t 9 a village call$ ,tondo--:i* is n f> f ?is city1 !re be+ a riv] betwe5--liv$ _m ,sangleys1 ( :om "s 7 ,*ri/ians1 b ! l>g] "p infidels4 ,9 ?is city 7 also "s %ops kept by ,sangleys1 :o liv$ "h 9 ord] to sell ! goods :i* !y kept "h ye> by ye>4 ,^! ,sangleys 7 scatt]$ among ! ,spani>ds1 ) no specific place assign$ to !m1 until ,don ,gonzalo ,ronquillo allott$ !m a place to live 91 & to be us$ z a silk-m>ket 7:i* is "h call$ ,p>ian71 ( f\r l>ge build+s4 ,"h1 _m %ops 7 op5$1 comm]ce increas$1 & m ,sangleys came to ?is city4444 ,:5 ,i came1 all ! ,sangleys 7 almo/ =gott51 & relegat$ to a corn]4 ,no ?\ght 0 tak5 = _! conv]sion1 because no "o knew _! language or und]took to le>n x on acc\nt ( its great difficulty2 & because ! religi\s :o liv$ "h 7 too busy ) ! natives ( ^! isl&s4 ,al?\gh ! ,augu/9ian religi\s _h *>ge ( ! ,sangleys ( ,tondo1 !y did n m9i/] to or in/ruct !m 9 _! own language1 b 9 t ( ! natives or ?is l&2 ?us ! ,sangley ,*ri/ians liv+ "h1 7 ,*ri/ians only 9 "n1 kn[+ no m ( ,*ri/ianity ?an if !y _h nev] accept$ x4444 ,!n ,i appeal$ to all religi\s ord]s to appo9t "s "o ( _! religi\s to le>n ! language & take *>ge ( ! ,sangleys4 ,al?\gh all ( !m %[$ a desire to d s1 & "s ev5 began to le>n x1 yet no "o succe$$2 & ! ,sangleys f\nd !mselves ) no "o to in/ruct !m & take up _! conv]sion ) ! necess>y e>ne/ness1 until1 9 ! ye> eighty-sev51 ,god br\ght to ^! isl&s ! religi\s ( ,/4 ,dom9ic4 #ajf ,s we f9d1 z ! ,dom9icans und]took _! mission1 a l>ge settlem5t ( ,*9ese1 includ+ bo? a settl$ & a float+ population1 conc5trat$ 9 ! ,p>ian1 across ! ,pasig riv] f ! ma9 city ( ,manila4 ,! dom9at+ figure ( ! ,*9ese mission f ! "t ( 8 arrival 9 ! ,philipp9es 0 ,juan ,cobo4 ,9 a lett]1 writt5 by him f ! ,p>ian ( ,manila1 ,july #ac1 #aehi1 probably to ecclesia/ical au?orities 9 ,mexico1 he gives an acc\nt ( ! e>ly days ( ! mission3 ,! ,ord] took a site next to ?is ,p>ian1 s9ce !re 0 n a s+le h\se betwe5 ,santo ,dom+o & ! ,p>ian4 ,& because ( ?is opportunity ! ,ord] pres5tly *>g$ itself ) ! ,*9ese1 bo? ,*ri/ians & infidels4 ,& ^u ,p4 ,fr4 ,miguel de ,b5avides & ,p4 ,fr4 ,juan ,maldonado 0 impos$ ! responsibility = ! c>e ( ! ,*9ese & = le>n+ _! language4 ,p4 ,fr4 ,miguel 0 less occupi$ ) o!r matt]s ?an ,fr4 ,juan ,maldonado1 s t he progress$ 9 ! language en\gh to beg9 to cate*ize 9 x4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ ye> ! ,ord] 0 9 ,manila4 ,pres5tly 9 ! second ye> :5 ,i came1 ! ,ord] mov$ ,p4 ,fr4 ,miguel & myself into ano!r sep>ate h\se at ! o!r edge ( ! ,p>ian4 ,s t !re /ood betwe5 ,santo ,dom+o & ,san ,gabriel1 :i* is ! "n ( ?is *ur* ( ! ,*9ese1 ! :ole ( ! ,p>ian ( ! ,sangleys4 ,& !re a poor little *ur* 0 built "u ! protection ( ,san ,gabriel1 to :om x fell by lot1 & a poor h\se :]e we two liv$4 ,we ent]$ into x at ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb] #aehh4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ *ur* = ! ,*9ese built1 & we believe t !re is today n ano!r p>i% *ur* = ! ,*9ese b t4444 ,& ,p4 ,fr4 ,miguel cate*iz$ !m & prea*$ to !m 9 _! ,*9ese language1 & taught ! doctr9e 9 x4 ,i myself did n yet "k ! language1 b ! ,"l has be5 s]v$1 s t 9 a %ort "t ,i progress$ 9 x4 #ajg ,! acc\nt ( ,adu>te is n s accurate 9 "s details1 b x supplies o!rs n m5tion$ by ,cobo4 ,! fir/ mission :i* ,b5avides & ,maldonado 7or de ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr z he 0 lat] kn[n7 built 0 ne> ! village ( ,tondo1 9 a new settlem5t specially f\nd$ = ,*ri/ian ,*9ese1 call$ ,baybay1 & x 0 nam$ = ,our ,lady ( ! ,purification4 ,! second mission :i* 0 e/abli%$ by ,b5avides & ,cobo 0 at fir/ a palm-leaf hut4 ,! "n ( ,san ,gabriel 0 decid$ ^u by mak+ lots ) ! names ( v>i\s sa9ts on !m & !n draw+4 ,san ,gabriel came out ?ree times 9 a r[1 & all 7 p]suad$ t ! ,"l 0 pleas$ to h ! patronage belong to ?is holy ar*angel4 ,soon1 because ( ! good works ( ! fa!rs :o e/abli%$ a hospital !re = ! c>e ( ! sick & poor1 ! dem&s ^u ! hut became s great t a l>g] build+ 0 plann$4 ,at fir/ x 0 to h be5 erect$ on ! site ( ! hut1 b ! inhabitants prote/$ t a /one build+ s ne> native h\ses might d !m great damage 9 ! ev5t ( an e>?quake1 s ! fri>s w5t to ! o!r side ( ! riv]1 & !re built a tempor>y build+ ( wood :i* 0 lat] complet$ 9 /one4 ,x 0 "h !n t ! ,doctr9a 0 pr9t$1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,gabriel1 ne> ! ,p>ian ( ,manila1 at ! edge ( ! ,*9ese settlem5t4 ,"u ! c>e ( ,b5avides & ,cobo ! mission fl\ri%$1 & ! two fa!rs became increas+ly pr(ici5t 9 ! ,*9ese language4 ,:5 ! prov9cial ,juan de ,ca/ro began mak+ prep>ations = an inspection t\r ( 8 ,*9ese vic>iate 9 #aeij1 he *ose z 8 companion ,miguel de ,b5avides4 ,! acc\nt ( ! ev5ts lead+ up to ?is exp$ition is giv5 9 ! already quot$ lett] ( ,salaz> on ! ,*9ese3 ,( ! ,dom9ican religi\s :o came to ^! isl&s1 f\r are engag$ 9 m9i/]+ to ! ,sangleys4 ,two ( ^! f\r (ficiate 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,gabriel1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! h\se :]e ! religi\s live1 /&s close to ! ,p>ian4 ,ano!r *ur* ) its h\se is on ! promontory ( ,baybay1 ne> ,tondo--:i* a riv] divides1 sep>at+ x f ,manila4 ,two ( ! f\r h le>n$ ! language ( ! ,sangleys s well1 & "o ( ^! two h[ to write also 7:i* is ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! language71 t ! ,sangleys wond] at _! k4444 ,aft] due consid]ation ( ! matt]1 ! ,dom9ican fa!rs & myself decid$ t x 0 necess>y to g to ,*9a4444 ,?us we decid$ ^u ! dep>ture1 s5d+ at pres5t no m ?an two religi\s3 ,fray ,miguel de ,b5avides1 :o 0 ! fir/ to le>n ! language ( ! ,sangleys2 & ,fa!r ,juan de ,ca/ro1 :o came z vic> ( ! religi\s & :o 0 made prov9cial "h4 ,we pref]r$ ^! two1 z "o is well acqua9t$ ) ! language1 & ! o!r is mu* lov$ & e/eem$ by ! ,sangleys on acc\nt ( 8 v5]able gray locks & bless$ old age2 & we "k t 9 t l& old p are mu* respect$ & rev]$4 #ajh ,!y sail$ on ,may #bb1 #aeij1 b ,juan de ,ca/ro be=e he left appo9t$ ,cobo act+ sup]ior ( ! prov9ce ) full au?ority dur+ 8 abs5ce1 & 9 ! latt]'s place z head ( ! ,*9ese mission s5t ,juan de ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr4 ,!re is no d\bt b t at ?is "t ,b5avides & ,cobo 7 ! two out/&+ ,*9ese l+ui/s among ! ,spani>ds 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,to ,b5avides has be5 attribut$ #aji a ,*9ese diction>y1 & ,s*ill+ #aaj uses ! already quot$ lett] ( ,cobo to prove t he also wrote a ,doctr9a 9 ,*9ese1 b1 grant+ t su* works 7 writt5 by him1 !re is no evid5ce t !y 7 writt5 9 ,*9ese *>act]s1 & n 9 ,*9ese translit]at$ into roman lett]s4 ,! available evid5ce po9ts to ! fact t ,cobo 0 ! only "o :o c\ld !n write 9 ,*9ese *>act]s4 ,salaz> 9 8 above quot$ lett] _h said t "o ( ^! two h le>n$ h[ to write also1 & 9 ! same lett] he cont9u$1 ,fray ,juan ,cobo1 ! ,dom9ican religi\s--:o1 z ,i h said be=e1 kn[s ! language ( ! ,sangleys & _! writ+1 & :o is mo/ e/eem$ by !m--is s5d+ to ,y\r ,maje/y a book1 "o ( a numb] br\ght to him f ,*9a4 #aaa ,fur!r witness to ,cobo's amaz+ k ( ,*9ese writ+ is giv5 by ,adu>te3 ,he knew ?ree ?\s& ,*9ese *>act]s1 ea* diff]5t f all ! re/1 = ! ,*9ese h no def9ite numb] ( lett]s nor alphabet4444 ,he translat$ a numb] ( ,*9ese books2 = l ^? ( ,s5eca1 ?\gh !y are ! "w ( hea!ns1 !y conta9 _m pr(\nd say+s l ours4 ,he taught a/rology to "s ( !m :om he f\nd capable ( le>n+2 & to br+ !m by all means to _! salvation also taught !m "s trades t are necess>y among ,spani>ds1 b :i*1 n be+ us$ by ! ,*9ese1 !y did n "k--su* z pa9t+ images1 b9d+ books1 cutt+ & sew+ clo!s1 & su* ?+s--do+ all to w9 m5 to ,god4 #aab ,f9ally1 z a m def9ite pro( t ,cobo c\ld h be5 ! au?or ( ! ,*9ese ,doctr9a ( #aeic1 we h ! record #aac ( a ,catecismo de la ,doctr9a ,cri/iana en ,l5gua ,*9a writt5 by him1 z well z _m o!r works 9 ,*9ese4 ,9 ,may #aeij1 !n1 ! mo/ accompli%$ ,s9ologi/ yet to "w 9 ! ,philipp9es 0 9 *>ge ( ! ,dom9ican prov9ce4 ,8 fir/ act1 wrote ,adu>te1 0 to /r5g!n ! m9i/ry to ! ,*9ese by appo9t+ to x ,fa!r ,dom+o de ,nieva1 a prie/ ( great virtue & v able--:i* 0 trem5d\sly important !re--& "o :o be/ ma/]$ t language1 z well z t ( ! ,indians 9 :i* he _h _h exp]i5ce2 & he work$ 9 bo? ( !m1 & wrote mu* to ! great advantage ( ^? :o came aft] him4 #aad ,x is surpris+ t no previ\s writ] has emphasiz$ ! pres5ce ( ,dom+o de ,nieva1 ^: pr(ici5cy 9 ,tagalog we h already not$1 at ,san ,gabriel dur+ ! ye>s :5 ! pr9t+ ( ! ,doctr9as mu/ h be5 plann$ & execut$4 ,8 works are cit$ by ,f]n&ez1 #aae & aft] giv+ a summ>y ( 8 c>e]1 ,adu>te add$3 ,he wrote mu* 9 ! language ( ! ,indians & o!r ?+s 9 ! language ( ! ,*9ese = :om he _h pr9t$ 9 _! language & *>act]s a memorial ^u ! ,*ri/ian life1 ) o!r brief tracts ( pray] & m$itation1 9 prep>ation = ! holy sacram5ts1 ( confession & ! sacr$ communion4 ,he 0 an enemy ( slo?1 & s work$ mu* 9 ,*9ese1 9 :i* he wrote a practically new gramm> ( ! ,*9ese language1 a vocabul>y1 a manual ( confession & _m s]mons1 9 ord] t ^? :o _h to le>n ?is language might f9d x less difficult4 #aaf ,m$9a #aag records ^! v>i\s works z ,manila impr9ts ( unkn[n date1 & to ?is indef9ite in=mation ab\t !m we c add no?+ positive4 ,h[ev]1 x is app>5t t "s "t be=e #afjf1 :5 ,nieva di$ on 8 way to ,mexico1 he _h _h books pr9t$1 & s9ce !y 7 9 ,*9ese !y mu/ h be5 pr9t$ f wood-blocks1 = at t e>ly date x w\ld h be5 impossible to h ca/ ! numb] ( *>act]s necess>y to pr9t 9 ,*9ese ) movable type4 ,) ,nieva 0 ,maldonado1 or ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr4 ,he _h be5 "o ( ! fir/ associates ( ,b5avides 9 ! fir/ ,*9ese mission at ,baybay1 b aft] ! arrival ( ,cobo he _h be5 s5t by ord] ( ! fir/ *apt] to ,pangas9an4 ,:5 ,cobo 0 appo9t$ act+ prov9cial ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr 0 aga9 assign$ to ! ,*9ese m9i/ry4 ,he _h le>n$ ,tagalog1 & aft] 8 return to ! ,p>ian he le>n$ m words ( ! ,*9ese language ?an any o!r memb] ( ! ord]1 ?\gh he 0 n successful ) ! pronunciation4 #aah ,on ,may #ca1 #aeib1 ! ,gov]nor receiv$ a lett] f ! ,emp]or ( ,japan dem&+ t an ambassador be s5t to (f] him ! fealty ( ! ,philipp9es4 ,juan ,cobo1 z ! be/ speak] ( ,*9ese1 0 *os5 to repres5t ! ,spani>ds1 & he left ,manila on ,july #bi1 #aeib4 ,aft] successfully conv9c+ ! ,japanese ,emp]or ( ! amity ( ! ,spani>ds1 he left to come back to ,manila1 b 8 %ip 0 wreck$ 9 ,novemb] on ! coa/ ( ,=mosa1 & !re ,cobo 0 kill$ by ho/ile natives4 ,mean:ile ,b5avides _h gone back to ,spa9 ) ,bi%op ,salaz> 9 #aeia1 & did n return to ! ,philipp9es until aft] 8 appo9tm5t z ,bi%op ( ,nueva ,segovia 9 #aeie4 ,t left z ! only two rema9+ exp]ts 9 ! ,*9ese language1 ,dom+o de ,nieva & ,juan de ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr1 bo? ( :om 7 at ,san ,gabriel 9 #aeib4 ,moreov]1 bo? ( !m knew ,*9ese & ,tagalog4 ,a text 9 ,tagalog 0 available1 bas$ on ! ,talav]a-,plas5cia-,oliv] model1 :i* _h circulat$ freely1 & ?is1 we believe1 0 fur!r edit$--h5ce ! correct$ by ! religi\s ( ! ord]s--by ^! two ,dom9icans4 ,9 _! editorial "w !y may h be5 help$ by ,juan de la ,cruz1 :o1 we h not$1 0 s5t to ,bataan 9 #aehh1 !re le>n$ ,tagalog1 & succe$$ s p]fectly ) x t ,fa!r ,fr4 ,francisco ,san ,joseph1 :o 0 aft]w>ds ! be/ l+ui/ !re1 pr(it$ by ! pap]s & labors ( ,p4 ,fr4 ,juan de la ,cruz4 #aai ,juan de ,oliv]1 ! pione] ,franciscan ,tagali/ 0 /ill liv+ & available = consultation1 & ! polyl+ual ,jesuit1 ,francisco ,alm]ique1 also 0 9 ,manila at ! "t4 ,a ,*9ese text _h be5 writt5 by ,juan ,cobo1 & bo? ,nieva & ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr 7 capable ( prep>+ ?is = publication1 aga9 possibly aid$ by ,alm]ique1 & also ,diego ,munoz1 if z an ,augu/9ian he _h be5 will+ to coop]ate ) ! ,dom9icans4 ,no?+ rema9$ to be done b h ! blocks cut & ! impressions pull$4 ,,! ,,pr9t+ ,,( ,,! ,,books ,! /age 0 set = ! production ( ! ,doctr9as4 ,t !re 7 ,*9ese xylographic models ^u :i* ! books c\ld be bas$ is evid5c$ by ! acc\nt ( ,m5doza ( ! consid]able numb] ( ,*9ese books br\ght to ,manila by ,m>t9 de ,rada z e>ly z #aege4 ,a m likely model 0 a bil+ual text 9 ,spani% & ,*9ese :i* ,cobo describes 9 8 lett] ( ,july #ac1 #aehi1 :]e speak+ ( ! ,jesuits 9 ,*9a he says3 ,moreov] ! ,fa!r ( ! ,company :o 0 9 ,*9a wrote & pr9t$ 9 ,*9ese lett]s a :ole book ( ! unity ( ,god1 ! creation ( ! _w1 & ! comm&m5ts expla9$2 & 9 ?is book has gott5 z f> z ! inc>nation ( ! ,son ( ,god4 ,conc]n+ ?is ,i am n speak+ ( ?+s he>d1 = ,i h x1 & am ?us c]ta9 ( x1 z ( all ! ?+s t happ5$4 ,h[ f> ,i h progress$ ) ! ,*9ese lett]s ,i %all say lat]4 ,?is book 0 pr9t$ 9 ,*9a 9 #aehd4 ,x circulates freely 9 ,*9a :5ce we h our copy1 & because ( ! writ+1 contr>y to :at o!rs h mislead+ly said ab\t ! ,*9ese1 !y h done him no ill3 f :i* x may be inf]r$ t ! lion is n s wild z !y pa9t him4 #abj ,!re is no direct evid5ce to support our belief t x 0 dur+ ! brief p]iod aft] ,ca/ro return$1 probably late 9 #aeij1 & reliev$ ,cobo ( 8 executive responsibilities1 & ,june #aeib :5 he left = ,japan1 t ,cobo began int5sive plans = ! production ( bil+ual texts4 ,8 record$ int]e/ 9 su* books1 8 influ5ce ) ! ,*9ese1 8 en]gy & 8 own l+ui/ic aptitude w\ld naturally h /imulat$ him to und]take ! task4 ,:e!r he actually began "w on ! blocks f :i* ! books 7 pr9t$1 or m]ely sugge/$ ! feasibility ( ! idea1 we d n "k1 b we feel sure t ,juan ,cobo 0 ! fa!r ( ! production ( books 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,!re is no ne$ "h to g into ! hi/ory ( pr9t+ 9 ,*9a2 ! me?od us$ !re & its antiquity h be5 fully describ$ by o!rs4 #aba ,t !re 7 ,*9ese 9 ,manila :o und]/ood ?is age-old process w\ld seem obvi\s f ! reports ( skill$ craftsm5 ^: pres5ce 0 not$ by all ! writ]s ( ! p]iod4 ,we h already quot$ a ref]5ce to ,juan ,cobo's tea*+ !m ,european trades1 & ,salaz> 9 8 already cit$ lett] speaks ( !m fur!r3 ,!y are s skillful & clev]1 t1 z soon z !y see any object made by a ,spani% workman1 !y reproduce x ) exactness4 ,:at ar\ses my wond] mo/ is1 t :5 ,i arriv$ no ,sangley knew h[ to pa9t any?+2 b n[ !y h s p]fect$ !mselves 9 ?is art t !y h produc$ m>vel\s works ) bo? ! bru% & ! *isel4444 ,:at has pleas$ all ( u "h has be5 ! arrival ( a bookb9d] f ,mexico4 ,he br\ght books ) him1 set up a b9d]y1 & hir$ a ,sangley :o _h (f]$ 8 s]vices to him4 ,! ,sangley secretly1 & )\t 8 ma/] notic+ x1 wat*$ h[ ! latt] b\nd books1 & lo1 9 less ?an lacuna 9 ,,ms4 he left ! h\se1 say+ t he wi%$ to s]ve him no long]1 & set up a simil> %op4 #abb ,to turn ov] a manuscript copy ( a book to a ,*9aman :o _h already "s famili>ity ) ! production ( books 9 ,*9a1 or :o ) a giv5 text c\ld c>ve ! blocks accord+ to tradition1 0 !n n a matt] ( great difficulty4 ,!re 7 ,*9ese books :i* %[$ :at ! result w\ld be2 !re 7 ,spani% books1 def9itely "s f ,mexico1 :i* provid$ samples ( ,european *>act]s & =mat4 ,:o cut ! blocks--t is exactly :at ,*9aman--we d n "k1 nor d we "k :o h&l$ ! presswork1 b x is logical to assume t ! :ole process took place "u ! sup]vision ( ! fa!rs ( ,san ,gabriel1 ,juan ,cobo if "w _h begun be=e #aeib1 & c]ta9ly ,nieva & ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr4 ,"o fur!r aide may h be5 ! lay bro!r1 ,p$ro ,rodriguez1 :o _h be5 s5t to ,san ,gabriel ) ,nieva1 & :o 0 a h&yman or skill$ me*anic1 = ,adu>te cr$its him ) rebuild+ & re/or+ ! hospital4 ,9 speak+ ( ! book pr9t$ = ,blancas de ,san ,jose1 ,adu>te said t ! pr9t+ _h be5 done by a ,*9aman1 a good ,*ri/ian1 #abc b 9 ?is p>ticul> acc\nt he does n give ! ,*9aman's "n4 ,yet1 :]e he describes ! f\nd+ ( a second *ur* ( ,san ,gabriel 9 ,b9ondo1 sometime aft] ,m>* #bh1 #aeid #abd & be=e ,june #ae1 #aeif :5 x 0 admitt$ to ! *apt]1 he tells 9 "s detail ( pr9t+ done by ,juan de ,v]a4 #abe ,!re h be5 9 ?is t[n ,b9ondo1 !n call$ ,m9ondoc _m ,*9ese ( v exempl>y lives4 ,juan de ,v]a 0 n only a v dev\t man1 & "o mu* giv5 to pray]1 b a man :o caus$ all 8 h\sehold to be ! same4 ,he always he>d mass1 & 0 v regul> 9 8 att5dance at *ur*4 ,he adorn$ ! *ur* mo/ h&somely ) hang+s & pa9t+s1 because he und]/ood ?is art4 ,he also1 ?9k+ only ( ! great results to be atta9$ by means ( holy & dev\t books1 gave himself to ! great labor necess>y to e/abli% pr9t+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e !re 0 no j\rneyman :o c\ld %[ him ! way1 or give him an acc\nt ( ! mann] ( pr9t+ 9 ,europe1 :i* is v diff]5t f ! mann] ( pr9t+ foll[$ 9 8 own c\ntry ( ,*9a4 ,! ,"l aid$ 8 pi\s int5tions1 & he gave to ?is und]tak+ n only cont9u$ & excessive labor1 b all ! =ces ( 8 m9d1 :i* 7 great4 ,9 spite ( ! difficulties1 he atta9$ t :i* he desir$1 & 0 ! fir/ pr9t] 9 ^! isl&s2 & ?is n f av>ice--= he ga9$ mu* m 9 8 bus9ess z a m]*ant1 & readily gave up 8 pr(it--b m]ely to d s]vice to ! ,"l & ?is good to ! s\ls ( ! natives4 #abf ,x is int]e/+ to note t ?is n>rative1 :i* is 9 sub/ance simil> to t ab\t ! books ( ,blancas de ,san ,jose1 n[h]e m5tions ! "n ( ! prie/ 9 connection ) ,v]a4 ,x is probable t ,juan de ,v]a 01 z ,retana believ$1 ! fir/ typograph]1 & x may be t he also pr9t$ ! ,doctr9as ( #aeic4 ,x is impossible to say ) c]ta9ty1 b x is n too fanciful to suppose t ,juan de ,v]a tri$ xylographic pr9t+ "u ! sup]vision ( ,nieva & ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr1 & aft] "s exp]im5t+ a*iev$ typography 9 ! "t ( ,blancas de ,san ,jose4 ,s9ce we h "h dealt ) a volume pr9t$ entirely f wood-blocks x does n seem necess>y to discuss 9 detail ! subsequ5t typographical books4 ,h[ev]1 j z ?is goes to press1 a copy ( ! ,ord9ationes ,g5]ales pr\9tiae ,sanctissimi ,ros>ij ,philipp9>um1 #abg pr9t$ at ,b9ondo by ,juan de ,v]a 9 #afjd1 has be5 discov]$1 & also pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,ros5wald to ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,?is is ! volume describ$ by ,remesal #abh z be+ pr9t$ 9 z f9e *>act]s & z correctly z if 9 ,rome or ,lyon4 ,no copy ( ! book _h be5 describ$ s9ce 8 day1 al?\gh ,m$9a #abi & ,retana #acj bo? li/$ x f ref]5ces :i* probably d]iv$ f ,remesal4 ,its discov]y--almo/ unbelievable com+ s close on ! heels ( t ( ! ,doctr9a--helps to close ! gap betwe5 ! latt] & ! two ,bataan impr9ts #aca ( #afaj1 ! ,arte y ,reglas de la ,l5gva ,tagala & ! ,librong ,paga>alan nang manga ,tagalog nang uicang ,ca/illa4 ,! full /ory ( ! e>ly typographical products ( ! ,philipp9es mu/ wait ^u ano!r occasion1 = ! que/ions pos$ by ! scanty records & ! h&ful ( surviv+ books are extremely knotty4 ,:]e did ! type come f8 ,m$9a sugge/$ x 0 import$ f ,macao2 ,retana believ$ x to h be5 cut 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,f]n&ez said t ! fir/ works ( ,blancas de ,san ,jose 7 pr9t$ at ,bataan & ! two #afaj books h t place ( pr9t+1 yet 9 #afjd ! ,ord9ationes issu$ f ,b9ondo4 ,remesal wrote t ?is book 0 pr9t$ by ,francisco de ,v]a1 & ! book itself be>s ! "n ( ,juan4 ,inde$1 ! hi/ory ( ! e>ly typograph]s & ! output ( _! presses1 z x has s f> be5 writt51 pres5ts _m problems1 b !y are problems :i* we feel are outside ! scope ( ?is /udy4 ,to summ>ize :at we h le>n$ ( ! e>lie/ pr9t+ 9 ! ,philipp9es3 we h ! possibility1 b n a likely "o1 t an ,arte by ,juan de ,qu9ones 0 pr9t$ xylographically 9 #aeha2 we "k t 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ye> #aeic two ,doctr9as 7 pr9t$ xylographically--al?\gh we h no way ( tell+ :i* came fir/--"o 9 ,tagalog f ! ,talav]a-,plas5cia-,oliv] text1 & "o 9 ,*9ese writt5 by ,juan ,cobo1 bo? edit$ & pr9t$ "u ! sup]vision ( ,dom+o de ,nieva & ,juan de ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr2 we surmise t betwe5 #aeic & #afjb o!r works 7 also pr9t$ xylographically1 su* z ! small tracts ( ,juan de ,villanueva & "s ( ! books ( ,blancas de ,san ,jose1 ,nieva & o!rs2 & 9 #afjb 0 pr9t$ by ,juan de ,v]a1 9 all likelihood f movable type1 ! book ( ,our ,lady ( ! ,ros>y by ,blancas de ,san ,jose4 ,! kn[n facts are n _m1 & we c only hope t "t & fur!r rese>* w discov] new ones to make ! hi/ory ( ! e>lie/ ,philipp9e impr9ts m complete & m satisfactory4 ,philadelphia1 ,janu>y #bj1 #aidg ,,edw9 ,,wolf #b,,nd4 ,! mo/ frequ5tly cit$ au?orities w be ref]r$ to z foll[s3 ,,adu>te--,diego ,adu>te1 ,hi/oria de la ,prov9cia del ,sancto ,ros>io de la ,ord5 de ,pr$icadores en ,philipp9as1 ,iapon1 y ,*9a1 ,manila1 #afdj4 ,b4 ,r4--,emma ,hel5 ,blair & ,james ,alex&] ,rob]tson1 ,! ,philipp9e ,isl&s #adic-ahih1 ,clevel&1 #aijc-ji4 ,,cano--,gasp> ,cano1 ,catalogo de los ,religiosos de ,n4,p4,s4 ,agu/9 de la ,prov9cia del ,smo4 ,nombre de ,jesus de ,filip9as1 ,manila1 #ahfd4 ,,*ir9o--,p$ro ,*ir9o1 ,relacion de las ,islas ,filip9as1 ,rome1 #afjd4 ,,col9--,francisco ,col91 ,labor ,evangelica1 ,m9i/]ios ,apo/olicos de los ,obr]os de la ,compania de ,jesus1 ,fundacion1 y ,progressos de su ,prov9cia en las ,islas ,filip9as 7ed4 ,pablo ,pa/ells71 ,b>celona1 #aijj-jb4 ,,hu]ta--,felix de ,hu]ta1 ,e/ado ,geografico1 ,topografico1 ,e/adi/ico1 ,hi/orico-,religioso1 de la ,santa y ,apo/olica ,prov9cia de ,s4 ,gregorio ,magno 444 de ,n4,s4,p4,s4 ,francisco1 en las ,islas ,filip9as1 ,b9ondo1 #ahfe4 ,,m$9a--,jose ,toribio ,m$9a1 ,la ,impr5ta en ,manila desde sus ,orig5es ha/a #ahaj1 ,santiago de ,*ile1 #ahif4 ,,m$9a 7,juan de7--,juan de ,m$9a1 ,hi/oria de los ,sucesos de la ,ord5 de ,n4 ,gran ,p4 ,s4 ,agu/9 de e/as ,islas ,filip9as1 ,manila1 #ahic4 ,p4 ,g4--,angel ,p]ez & ,cecilio ,gueemes1 ,adiciones y ,cont9uacion de ,la ,impr5ta en ,manila de ,d4,j4,t4 ,m$9a1 ,manila1 #aijd4 ,,p]ez--,elviro ,jorde ,p]ez1 ,catalogo ,biobibliografico de los ,religiosos ,agu/9os de la ,prov9cia del ,santisimo ,nombre de ,jesus de las ,islas ,filip9as1 ,manila1 #aija4 ,,remesal--,antonio de ,remesal1 ,hi/oria de la prov9cia de ,s4 ,v9c5te de ,*yapa y ,guatemala de la ord5 de nro glorioso padre ,sancto ,dom+o1 ,madrid1 #afai4 ,,retana--,w5ceslao ,emilio ,retana y ,gamboa1 ,la ,impr5ta en ,filip9as ,adiciones y ,obs]vaciones a ,la ,impr5ta en ,manila de ,d4,j4,t4 ,m$9a1 ,madrid1 #ahig4 ,,san ,,agu/9--,gasp> de ,san ,agu/91 ,conqui/as de las ,islas ,philip9as1 ,madrid1 #afih4 ,,san ,,antonio--,juan ,francisco de ,san ,antonio1 ,*ronicas de la ,apo/olica ,prov9cia de ,s4 ,gregorio de ,religiosos ,descalzos de ,n4,s4,p4 ,francisco en las ,islas ,philip9as1 ,manila1 #agch-dd4 ,,santa ,,ines--,francisco de ,santa ,ines1 ,cronica de la ,prov9cia de ,san ,gregorio ,magno de ,religiosos descalzos de ,n4,p4 ,san ,francisco en islas ,filip9as1 ,*9a1 ,japon1 etc4 escrita 444 en #afgf1 ,manila1 #ahib4 ,,santiago ,,vela--,gregorio de ,santiago ,vela1 ,ensayo de una ,biblioteca ,ib]o-,am]icana de la ,ord5 de ,san ,agu/91 ,madrid1 #aiac-ca4 ,,s*ill+--,doro!us ,s*ill+1 ,vorges*i*te des ,typ5drucks auf d5 ,philipp51 ,gut5b]g-,jahrbu*1 #aicg1 pp4 #bjb-af4 ,,torres--,p$ro ,torres y ,lanza1 ,catalogo de los docum5tos relativos a las ,islas ,filip9as exi/5tes en el ,ar*ivo de ,indias de ,seville1 ,b>celona1 #aibe-cd4 ,,v9aza--,cipriano ,munoz y ,manzano1 ,conde de la ,v9aza1 ,escritos de los ,portugueses y ,ca/ellanos ref]5tes a las l5guas de ,*9a y el ,japon1 ,lisbon1 #ahib4 ,?is facsimile ( ! ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana pr9t$ at ,manila 9 #aeic 0 pr9t$ by ,edw>d ,/]n ,company1 ,inc41 ,philadelphia1 9 an edition ( tw5ty-five hundr$ copies1 & publi%$ by ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ,febru>y #aidg4 ,! type us$ on ! title page & = head+s is ,=um1 & t 9 ! text ,italian ,old ,/yle4 ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 en l5gua espanola ytagala1 cor regida por los ,religiosos de las ord5es ,impressa con lic5cia1 en ,s4 gabriel4 de la ord5 de4 ,s4 ,domigo ,en ,manila4 #aeic ,tassada endos rreales ,ju&ecuellaz ,a4 a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 h4 ij4 l4 m4 n4 o4 p4 q4 rr4 s4 s4 t4 u4 v4 x4 y4 z4 z4 vocales4 a4 e4 i4 o4 u4 ,ba4 be4 bi bo bu4 ,ca ce ci4 co4 cu4 ,da4 de di d du4 ,fa fe fi fo fu4 ,gua gue gui guo gu4 ,ha he hi4 ho hu4 ,ja je ji jo ju4 ,la le li4 lo lu4 ,ma me mi mo mu4 ,na4 ne ni no nu4 ,pa pe pi po pu4 ,qua que qui quo qu4 ,ra re4 ri ro ru4 ,sa se si s su4 ,ta te ti4 to tu4 ,ua ue ui uo uu4 ,xa xe xi4 xo xu4 ,ya ye yi yo yu4 ,za ze zi4 zo zu4 ,ban b5 b9 bon bun4 ,c c5 c9 con cun4 ,dan d5 d9 don4 dun4 ,fan f5 f9 fon fun4 ,guan gu5 gu9 guon gun4 ,han h5 h9 hon hun4 ,jan j5 j9 jon jun4 ,lan l5 l9 lon lun4 ,man me m9 mon mun4 ,nan n5 n9 non4 nun4 ,pan p5 p9 pon pun4 ,qua qu5 qu9 quon qun4 ,ran r5 r9 ron run4 ,san s5 s9 son su4 ,tan t5 t9 ton tun4 ,uan u54 u9 uon4 uun4 ,xan x5 x9 xon xun4 ,yan y5 y9 yon yun4 ,zan z5 z9 zon zun4 ,ba be bi bo bu4 ,ca ce ci co cu4 ,da de di d du4 ,fa fe fi fo fu4 ,guan gu5 gu9 guon gun4 ,ha4 he hi ho hu4 ,ja je ji jo ju4 ,la le4 li lo lu4 ,ma me mi mo mu4 ,na4 ne ni no nu4 ,pa pe pi po pu4 ,qua4 que qui quo qu4 ,ra re ri ro ru4 ,sa4 se si s su4 ,xa xe xi xo xu4 ,ya ye4 yi yo yu4 ,za ze zi zo zu4 ,el abc4 en legua tagala4 ,a ,o ,e ,,ha ,,pa ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,ta ,,na ,,ba ,,ma ,,ga ,,da ,,ya ,,nga ,,wa4 ,el pat]no/]4 ,,padre nue/ro que e/as en ,los cielos1 sanctificado sea el tu nombre4 ,v5ga anos el tu reyno4 hagase tu voluntad1 asi en la ti]ra como en el cielo4 ,el pan nue/ro de cada dia da noslo oy4 ,y p] donanos nue/ras du$as4 asi como nosotros las p]donamos a nue/ros deudores4 ,y no nos de xes ca] en la t5tacion4 ,das libranos de mal4 ,am54 ,ang ama nam94 ,ama nam9 nasa langit ca y pasamba mo ang ngala mo1 m\isa am9 ang pagcah>i mo4 ,y pasonor mo ang loob mo4 dito sa lupa p>a sa langit1 bigya mo cami ngaion nang am9 caca n94 p>a nang sa arao>ao4 at pa caual9 mo ang am9 casalana1 ya+ u9aualan bahala nami sa loob ang casalanan nang nagcasasala sa am94 ,h\ag mo cam+ ceuan nang di cami matalo nang tocso4 ,datapo uat ya dia mo cami sa dilan ma sama4 ,am5 ,jesus4 ,a ,,ma ,,na ,,mi4 ,,na ,,sa ,,la ,,ngi ,,ka4 ,i ,,pa ,,sa ,,ba ,,mo4 ,a ,,nga ,,la ,,mo4 ,,mo ,,wi ,,sa ,a ,,mi4 ,a ,,pe ,,ka ,,ha ,,ri ,,mo4 ,i ,,pe ,,s ,,no ,,mo4 ,a ,,lo ,o ,,mo4 ,,di ,,to ,,sa ,,lu ,,pa4 ,,pa ,,ra ,,sa ,,la ,,ngi4 ,,bi ,,ya ,,mo ,,ka ,,mi4 ,,nga ,o4 ,,na ,a ,,mi ,,ka ,,ka ,,ni4 ,,pa ,,ra ,,na ,,sa ,a ,,ra ,a ,,ra4 ,a ,,pa ,,ka ,,wa ,i ,,mo4 ,a ,a ,,mi ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,,ya ,,ya ,,wi ,,na ,,wa ,,la ,,ba ,,ha ,,la ,,na ,,mi ,,sa ,,lo ,o4 ,a ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,,na ,,na ,,ka ,,sa ,,sa ,,la ,,sa ,a ,,mi4 ,,ho ,,wa ,,mo ,,ka ,,mi ,e ,,wa4 ,,na ,,di ,,ka ,,mi ,,ma ,,ta ,,lo ,,na ,,to ,,s4 ,,da ,,ta ,,po ,,wa4 ,i ,a ,,ya ,,mo ,,ka ,,mi4 ,,sa ,,di ,,la ,,ma ,,sa ,,ma4 ,a ,,me ,,se ,,s4 ,el aue ,m>ia4 ,dios te salue ,m>ia4 lle na degracia4 ,el s5or es contigo4 b5dita tu1 e/retodas las mug]es4 ,y b5dito el fructo4 deus vi5tre ,jesus4 ,santa ,ma ria uirg5 y madre de ,dios rue ga por nosotros peccadores4 aora y en la ora d5ue/ra mu]te am54 ,jesus4 ,ang aba gu9oo ,ma ,aba gu9oo ,m>ia ma t\a cana1 napopono ca nang gracia4 ang pang9oon di os1 ce1 nasayyo4 ,bucor cang p9ag pala sa babay+ lahat4 ,p9ag pala naman ang yyong anac si ,jesus4 ,santa ,m>ia yna nang1 dios1 ypanalang9 mo camima casalanan ngaion at cun mama tai cami4 ,am5 ,jesus4 ,a ,,ba ,,gi ,,no ,o ,,ma ,,ri ,,ya4 ,,ma ,,to ,,wa ,,ka ,,na4 ,,na ,,po ,,po ,,no ,,ka ,,na ,,ga ,,ra ,,si ,,ya4 ,a ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,di ,,yo ,,na ,,sa ,i ,,yo4 ,,bo ,,ko ,,ka ,,pi ,,na ,,pa ,,la4 ,,sa ,,ba ,,ba ,,yi4 ,,la ,,ha4 ,,pi ,,na ,,pa ,,la ,,na ,,ma4 ,a ,i ,,yo ,a ,,na ,,se ,,se ,,s4 ,,sa ,,ta ,,ma ,,ri ,,ya4 ,i ,,na ,,na ,,di ,,yo4 ,i ,,pa ,,na ,,la ,,ngi ,,mo ,,ka ,,mi4 ,,ma ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,,nga ,o4 ,a ,,ku ,,ma ,,ma ,,ta ,,ka ,,mi4 ,a ,,me ,,se ,,s4 ,el cr$o en ,romace ,creo en dios padre1 todo pod]oso4 ,criador del cie lo y dela ti]ra4 ,y en ,jesu*ri/o1 su unico hijo s5or nro4 ,que fue concebido del elpiritusancto4 ,y ,y nacio de la uirg5 sancta ,ma ria4 ,padescio s el pod] depocio ,pilato4 ,fue crucificado1 mu] to1 y sepultado1 desc5dio alos infi]nos1 y alt]c]o dia resuscito1 d5tre1 los mu]tos4 ,subio a los cie los1 y e/a as5tado ala die/ra de dios padre todo pod]oso1 d5de u]na ajuzg> alos uiuos y alos mu]tos4 ,creo en el espiritusato4 y la sancta yglesia ca?olica1 la comunio de los sanctos4 ,la remi sion de los peccados4 ,la refuree cion de la c>ne4 ,la uida p]du rable1 que nunca seacaba4 ,ame4 ,ang sumagpalataia ,sumasangpalataia aco sa di os ama1 macagagaua sa lahat1 mangagaua nang langit at nang lu1 pa4 ,sumasangpalataia aco naman cai ,jesu*ri/o yysang anac nang dios pang9oon nat9 lahat4 ,nag catauan tauo siya salang nang es piritusancto4 ,yp9anganac ni ,sa cta ,m>ia uirg5 totoo4 ,nasacta otos ni poncio ,pilato4 ,yp9aco sa cruz4 ,namatai1 yb9aon1 nana og sa manga infi]no1 nang ma ycatlong arao nabuhai na naguli4 naquiat sa langit nalolocloc sa ca nan nang dios ama1 macagagaua sa lahat4 ,sa cap>ito hohocom sa nabubuhai1 at sa nanga matai na tauo4 ,sumasangpalataia aco na man sa dios ,espiritusancto4 ,at mei sancta yglesia ca?olica1 at mei casamahan ang manga satos4 ,at mei ycauauala nang casala nan4 ,at mabubuhai na maguli ang na nga matai na tauo4 ,at mei buhai na di mauala mag pa rat+ saan4 ,am5 ,jesus4 ,,su ,,ma ,,sa ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya ,a ,,ako4 ,,sa ,,di ,,yo ,a ,,ma4 ,,ma ,,ka ,,ga ,,ga ,,wa ,,sa ,,la ,,ha4 ,,ma ,,ga ,,ga ,,wa ,,na ,,la ,,ngi4 ,a ,,na ,,lu ,,pa4 ,,su ,,ma ,,sa ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya ,a ,,ko ,,na ,,ma4 ,,ka ,,se ,,s4 ,,ki ,,ri ,,to4 ,i ,i ,,sa ,a ,,na ,,na ,,di ,,yo4 ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,na ,,ti ,,la ,,ha4 ,,na ,,ka ,,ta ,a ,,ta ,,wo ,,si ,,ya4 ,,la ,,la ,,na ,e ,,pi ,,ri ,,to ,,sa ,,to4 ,i ,,pi ,,na ,,nga ,,na4 ,,ni ,,sa ,,ta ,,ma ,,ri ,,ya4 ,,bi ,,se ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,,na ,,sa ,,ta ,o ,,to ,,ni ,,po ,,si ,,yo4 ,,pe ,,la ,,to4 ,i ,,pi ,,na ,,ko ,,sa ,,ku ,,ru4 ,,na ,,ma ,,ta4 ,i ,,bi ,,na ,o4 ,,na ,,na ,o ,,sa ,,ma ,,nga ,i ,,pe ,,no4 ,,na ,,ma ,i ,,ka ,,lo ,a ,,ra4 ,,na ,,bu ,,ha ,,na ,,na ,o ,,li4 ,,na ,,ya ,,sa ,,la ,,ngi4 ,,na ,,lo ,,lo ,,lo ,,sa ,,ka ,,na4 ,,na ,,di ,,yo ,a ,,ma4 ,,ma ,,ka ,,ga ,,ga ,,wa ,,sa ,,la ,,ha4 ,,sa ,,ka ,,pa ,,ri ,,to4 ,,ho ,,ho ,,ko4 ,,sa ,,na ,,bu ,,bu ,,ha4 ,a ,,sa ,,na ,,nga ,,ma ,,ta ,,na ,,ta ,,wo4 ,,su ,,ma ,,sa ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya ,a ,,ko ,,na ,,ma ,,sa ,,di ,,yo ,e ,,pi ,,ri ,,tu ,,sa ,,to4 ,a ,,ma ,,sa ,,ta ,i ,,le ,,si ,,ya ,,ka ,,to ,,li ,,ka4 ,a ,,ma ,,ka ,,sa ,,ma ,,ha4 ,a ,,ma ,,nga ,,sa ,,to4 ,a ,,ma ,i ,,ka ,,wa ,,wa ,,la4 ,,na ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,a ,,ma ,,bu ,,bu ,,ha ,,na ,,ma ,u ,,li4 ,a ,,na ,,nga ,,ma ,,ta ,,na ,,ta ,,wo4 ,a ,,ma ,,bu ,,ha ,,na ,,di ,,na ,,ma ,,wa ,,la4 ,,ma ,,pa ,,ra ,,ti ,,sa ,a4 ,a ,,me ,,se ,,s4 ,la salue ,reg9a ,salue te dios reyna y ma dre demis]icordia1 uida dulcura y esp]anca nra4 ,dios te salue atillamamos los de/e ruados hijos de ,gua4 ,atisuspi ramos gimi5do yllor&o en aque/e ualle de lagrimas4 ,ga pues abogada nue/ra1 buelue ano/ros ellos tus mis]icor diosos ojos4 ,y despues dea4 que/e de/i]ro mue/ra nos aje sus b5dito fruto de tu ue9tre4 ,o clem5te4 ,o piadosa4 ,o dulce uir g5 ,m>ia4 ,ruega por nos sata madre de dios quescamos dig nos de las promisiones de ,*ris to ,am54 ,ang aba po4 ,aba po sancta4 ,m>iang ha ri yna nang aua4 ,ycao ang yqu9abubuhai nam91 at ang pi nananaligan4 ,aba ycao nga ang t9atauag nam9 p9apapanao na tauo anac ni ,gua4 ycao d9 ang yp9agbubuntun h9+a na m9 nang am9 pagtangis d9i sa lupa baian cahapi%apis4 ,ay aba p9tacasi nam91 yl+o mo sa am9 ang mata mong maauai4 ,at saca cun matapos y]+ pag papanao sa am94 ypaquita mo sa am9 ang yyong anac si ,jesus4 ,ay ,sancta ,m>ia maaua91 ma alam1 uirg5 naman totoo1 yna nang ,dios4 ,cami ypanalang9 mo1 nang mapatoloi sa am9 ang panga ngaco ni ,jesu*ri/o4 ,am5 ,jesus4 ,a ,,ba ,,po ,,sa ,,ta ,,ma ,,ri ,,ya ,,ha ,,ri4 ,i ,,na ,,na ,a ,,wa ,i ,,ka ,a ,i ,,ki ,,na ,,bu ,,bu ,,ha ,,na ,,mi4 ,a ,a ,,pi ,,na ,,na ,,na ,,li ,,ga4 ,a ,,ba ,i ,,ka ,,nga4 ,a ,,ti ,,na ,,ta ,,wa ,,na ,,mi4 ,,pi ,,na ,,pa ,,pa ,,na ,,na ,,ta ,,wo4 ,a ,,na ,,ni ,e ,,ba4 ,i ,,ka ,,di4 ,a ,i ,,pi ,,na ,,bu ,,bu ,,tu ,,hi ,,ni ,,nga ,,na ,,mi4 ,,na ,a ,,mi ,,pa ,,ta ,,ngi4 ,,di ,,ni ,,sa ,,lu ,,pa4 ,,ba ,,ya ,,ka ,,ha ,,pi ,,ha ,,pi4 ,a ,a ,,ba4 ,,pi ,,ta ,,ka ,,si ,,na ,,mi4 ,i ,,li ,,ngo ,,mo ,,sa ,a ,,mi4 ,a ,,ma ,,ta ,,mo ,,ma ,a ,,wa ,i4 ,,sa ,,ka ,,ku ,,ma ,,ta ,,po4 ,,ya ,,ri ,,pa ,,pa ,,pa ,,na ,,sa ,a ,,mi4 ,i ,,pa ,,ki ,,ta ,,mo ,,sa ,a ,,mi4 ,a ,i ,,yo ,a ,,na ,,si ,,se ,,s4 ,,sa ,,ta ,,ma ,,ri ,,ya4 ,,ma ,a ,,wa ,i4 ,,ma ,a ,,la4 ,,bi ,,se ,,na ,,ma ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,i ,,na ,,na ,,di ,,yo4 ,,ka ,,mi ,i ,,pa ,,na ,,la ,,ngi ,,mo4 ,,na ,,ma ,,pa ,,to ,,lo ,,sa ,a ,,mi4 ,a ,,pa ,,nga ,,nga ,,ko4 ,,ni ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,a ,,me ,,se ,,s4 ,los ,articulos dela fee1 son catorze4 ,los siete p]t5esce ata diu9idad1 ylos otros siete a la humanidad d5ro s5or ,je su*ri/o ,dios y hombre u]da d]o4 ylos siete que p]t5esc5 ala diu9idad son e/os4 ,el prim]o1 cre] en un s lo dios todo pod]oso4 ,el segundo cre] que es dios pa dre4 ,el t]c]o1 cre] qes dios hi jo4 ,el qu>to1 cre] que es ,dios ,espiritusancto4 ,el qu9to1 cre] que es criador4 ,el sexto1 cre] qes satuador4 ,el septimo1 cre] que es glorificador4 ,los que p]t5esc5atasa ta humanidad4 ,son e/os4 ,el ,prim]o1 cre] que nues tro s5or ,jesu*ri/o1 en quato hombre fue concebido del sptri tu sancto4 ,el segundo1 que nascro del ui5tre uirg9al de la uirg5 sancta ,m>ia1 si5do ella uirge antes del p>to1 y5elp>to1 y des pues del p>to4 ,el t]c]o1 que rescibio mu]te y pasion porsal u> anosotros peccadores4 ,el qu> to3 que desc5dio alos infi]nos1 ysacolas animas de los sanctos padres que a/a e/auan esp]an d su sancto adu5imi5to4 ,el qu9to1 que resuscito alt]c]o dia4 ,el sexto1 cre] que subio alos cielos1 yseass5to ala dies tra de dios padre todo pod]oso4 ,el septimo1 que u]na ajuzg> alos u9os y alos mu]tos4 ,con ui5e asab]1 alos bu5os p>ad> la gloria1 porq gu>d>on susma dami5tos3 yalos malos p5a p]curable porque nolos gu> d>on4 ,am53 ,ang pono nang s9asangpa lataianan nang manga *ris tiano lab9 apat na bagai4 ,ang pitong naona ang sabi ang ,dios ang pagcadios niya4 ,ang pitog naholi ang sabi1a1 ang at9 pangi noon ,jesu*ri/o ang pagcatauo niya4 ,ang pitong naona ang sa bi1 ce ang ,dios ang pagca dios ni ya ay yc]i4 ,ang naona sumangpalataia sa ysang ,dios totoo4 ,ang ycalua1 sumangpalataia1 yc]+ dios si yang ama4 ,ang ycatlo1 ,sumapalataia4 yc]+ dios siyang anac4 ,ang ycapat sumangpalataia1 yc]+ dios siyang spiritusancto4 ,ang ycalima1 sumangpalataia1 yc]ig dios siyang mangagaua nang la hat4 ,ang ycanim1 sumangpala taia yc]+ dios siyang naca uauala nang casalanan4 ,ang ycapito sumangpalataia yc]+ dios siyang nacalulualhati4 ,ang pitong naholi ang sabi ce ang at+ pagn9oon ,jesu*ri/o ang pagcatauo ni ya ay y>i4 ,ang naona sumangpala taia ang at9 pagn9oon ,jesu*ri/o1 yp9aglehe ni ,san cta ,m>ia lalang nang spiritu sancto4 ,ang ycalua sumang palataia1 ang at9 pagn9oon ,jesu*ri/o y p9anganac ni sancta m>ia uirg5 totoo1 na dipa nanganac1 nang macapa nganac na uirg5 d9 totoo4 ,ang ycatlo sumangpalataia1 ang at9 pang9oon ,jesu*ris to nasactan1 yp9aco sa cruz4 namatai sacop nang at9 casa lanan4 ,ang ycapat sumang palataia1 ang at9 pang9oon ,je su*ri/o nanaog sa manga 9 fi]no1 at h9ango doon ang ca lol\a nang manga sanctos nag hih9tai nang pagdat+ niya4 ,ang ycalima sumangpalataia ang at9 pang9oon ,jesu*ri/o1 nang magycatlong arao nabu hai nanaguli4 ,ang ycanim su mangpalataia ang at9 pang9o on ,jesu*ri/o nacyat sa langit nalolocloc sa canan nang dios ama macagagaua sa lahat4 ,ang ycapito sumangpalataia ang a t9 pang9oon ,jesu*ri/o saca p>ito hohocom sa nabubuhai at sa nangamatai na tauo4 ,ang ba nal na tauo gagantih9 niya nag cal\alhatian nang langit1 ang nacasonor silla nang caniyang otos4 ,ang di banal pacasasam9 sa infi]no ang di silla sumonor nang otos niya4 ,ame4 ,jesus4 ,a ,,po ,,no ,,na ,,si ,,na ,,sa ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya ,,na4 ,,na ,,ma ,,nga ,,ki ,,ni ,,ti ,,ya ,,no4 ,,la ,,bi ,a ,,pa ,,na ,,ba ,,ga4 ,a ,,pi ,,to ,,na ,o ,,na4 ,a ,,sa ,,bi ,i ,a ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,,pa ,,ka ,,di ,,yo ,,ni ,,ya4 ,a ,,pi ,,to ,,na ,,ho ,,li4 ,a ,,sa ,,bi ,i4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,a ,,pa ,,ka ,,ta ,,wo ,,ni ,,ya4 ,a ,,pi ,,ta ,,na ,o ,,na4 ,a ,,sa ,,bi ,a ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,,pa ,,ka ,,di ,,yo ,,ni ,,ya4 ,a ,,pa ,,di4 ,a ,,na ,o ,,na4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya ,,sa ,i ,,sa ,,di ,,yo ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,wa4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,,ya ,,ri ,,di ,,yo4 ,,si ,,ya ,a ,,ma4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,lo4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,,ya ,,ri ,,di ,,to4 ,,si ,,ya ,a ,,na4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,pa4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,,ya ,,ri ,,di ,,yo4 ,s ,,ya ,e ,,pi ,,di ,,to ,,sa ,,to ,a ,i ,,ka ,,li ,,ma4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,,ya ,,ri ,,di ,,to4 ,,si ,,ya ,,ma ,,ga ,,ga ,,wa ,,na ,,la ,,ha4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,ni4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,,ya ,,ri ,,di ,,to4 ,,si ,,ya ,,na ,,ka ,,wa ,,wa ,,la ,,na ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,pi ,,to4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,,ya ,,ri ,,di ,,yo4 ,,si ,,ya ,,na ,,ka ,,lu ,,lu ,,wa ,,ha ,,ti4 ,a ,,pi ,,to ,,na ,,hu ,,li4 ,a ,,sa ,,bi ,i ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,a ,,pa ,,ka ,,ta ,,wa ,,ni ,,ya4 ,a ,,ya ,,ri4 ,a ,,na ,o ,,na4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,i ,,pi ,,na ,,le ,,he4 ,,ni ,,sa ,,ta ,,ma ,,ri ,,ya4 ,,la ,,la ,,na ,e ,,pi ,,ri ,,to ,,sa ,,to4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,wa4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,i ,,pi ,,na ,,nga ,,na4 ,,ni ,,sa ,,to ,,ma ,,ri ,,ya4 ,,bi ,,se ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,,na ,,di ,,pa ,,na ,,nga ,,na4 ,,na ,,ma ,,ka ,,pa ,,nga ,,na ,,na4 ,,bi ,,se ,,di ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,lo4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,,na ,,sa ,,ta4 ,i ,,pi ,,na ,,ko ,,sa ,,ku ,,ru4 ,,sa ,,ko ,,na ,a ,,ti ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,pa4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,,na ,,na ,o4 ,,sa ,,ma ,,ngo ,i ,,pe ,,no4 ,a ,,hi ,,na ,,ngo ,,d ,o4 ,a ,,ka ,,lo ,,lo ,,wa ,,na ,,ma ,,nga ,,sa ,,to4 ,,na ,,hi ,,hi ,,ta4 ,,na ,,pa ,,ra ,,ti ,,ni ,,ya4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,li ,,ma4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o4 ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,,na ,,ma ,i ,,ka ,,lo ,a ,,ra4 ,,na ,,bu ,,ha ,,na ,,na ,u ,,li4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,ni4 ,,su ,,ma ,,sa ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,,na ,,ya ,,sa ,,la ,,ngi4 ,,na ,,lo ,,lo ,,lo ,,sa ,,ka ,,na4 ,,na ,,di ,,yo ,a ,,ma4 ,,ma ,,ka ,,ga ,,ga ,,wa ,,sa ,,la ,,ha4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,pi ,,to4 ,,su ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,,sa ,,ka ,,pa ,,ri ,,to4 ,,ho ,,ho ,,ko4 ,,sa ,,na ,,bu ,,bu ,,ha4 ,a ,,sa ,,na ,,nga ,,ma ,,ta ,,na ,,ta ,,wo4 ,a ,,ba ,,na ,,na ,,ta ,,wo4 ,,ga ,,ga ,,ti ,,hi ,,ni ,,ya4 ,,na ,,ka ,,lu ,,wa ,,ha ,,ti ,a ,,na ,,la ,,ngi4 ,a ,,na ,,ka ,,s ,,no ,,si ,,la ,,na ,,ka ,,ni ,,ya ,o ,,to4 ,a ,,di ,,ba ,,na ,,pa ,,ka ,,sa ,,sa ,i4 ,,sa ,i ,,pe ,,no4 ,a ,,di ,,si ,,la ,,s ,,mo ,,no4 ,,na ,o ,,to ,,ni ,,ya4 ,a ,,me4 ,,se ,,s4 ,los m&ami5tos de la lei de dios son diez4 ,los tres p]t5esc5 alhonor de ,dios4 ylos otros siete al pr\e*o del proximo4 ,el prim]o1 am>asa dios sobre todas las cosas4 ,el segundo1 no jur>asu sancto nom bre en uano4 ,el t]c]o1 sanctisi c>as las sie/as4 ,el qu>to1 hon rr>as atu padre y madre4 ,el qu9to1 no mat>as4 ,el sexto n(ornic>as4 ,el septimo1 no hur t>as4 ,el octauo1 noscuant>afal99 s te/imonio4 ,el n\5o1 no desse>as la mug] de suproxi mo4 ,el dez5o1 nocobdici>as1 los bi5es ag5os4 ,e/os diez m&ami5tos se enci]ran e dos1 am>asa dios sobre todas las cosas4 y atu proximo como ati mesmo4 ,ang otos nang ,dios1ce1 sangp\o4 ,ang naona1 ybig9 mo ang dios lalo sa lahat4 ,ang y calua1 h\ag mo sacsih9 ang dios cundi totoo4 ,ang ycatlo mangil9 ca cun dom+o at cu sie/a4 ,ang ycapat1 ygalang mo ang yyong ama1 at ang yyong yna4 ,ang ycalima h\ag mog patay9 ag cap\a mo tauo4 ag yca nim1 h\ag cag maquiapir sa di mo asaua4 ,ang ycapito h\ag cang mag nacao1 ag ycaualo h\ag mog paga uagaua nanguica ang cap\a mo tauo h\ag ca naman magsono gal+4 ,ang ycasiam h\ag cang mag nasa sa di mo asaua4 ,ang y capolo1 h\ag mong pagnasa ang di mo ari4 ,ytong sang p\ong ,otos nang ,dios da laua ang in\ian4 ,ang ysa ybig9 mo ,ang ,dios lalo lalo sa lahat4 ,ang ycalua ybig 9 mo naman ang cap\a mo tauo p>ang ang catauan mo4 ,am54 ,jesus4 ,a ,o ,,to ,,na ,,di ,,yo4 ,i ,,sa ,,po ,,wo ,a ,,na ,o ,,na4 ,i ,,bi ,i ,,mo ,a ,,di ,,yo4 ,,la ,,lo ,,sa ,,la ,,ha4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,wa4 ,,ho ,,wa ,,mo ,,sa ,,se ,,hi ,a ,,di ,,yo ,,ku ,,di ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,lo4 ,,ma ,,ngi ,,li ,,ka4 ,,ku ,,d ,,mi ,,g4 ,a ,,ku ,,pi ,,ta4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,pa4 ,i ,,ga ,,la ,,mo4 ,a ,i ,,yo ,a ,,ma4 ,a ,a ,i ,,yo ,i ,,na4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,li ,,ma4 ,,ho ,,wa ,,mo ,,pa ,,ta ,,yi ,a ,,ka ,,po ,,wa ,,mo ,,to ,,wo4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,ni4 ,,ho ,,wa ,,ka ,,ma ,,ki ,a ,,pi ,,sa ,,di ,,mo ,a ,,sa ,,wa4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,pi ,,to4 ,,ho ,,wa ,,ka ,,ma ,,na ,,ka4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,wa ,,lo4 ,,ho ,,wa ,,mo ,,pa ,,ga ,a ,,ga ,a ,,na ,,wi ,,ka4 ,a ,,ka ,,po ,,wa ,,mo ,,ta ,,wo4 ,,ho ,,wa ,,ka ,,na ,,ma ,,ma ,,s4 ,,no ,,nga ,,li4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,si ,,ya4 ,,ho ,,wa ,,ka ,,ma ,,na ,,sa4 ,,sa ,,di ,,mo ,a ,,sa ,,wa4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,po ,,lo4 ,,ho ,,wa ,,mo ,,pa ,,na ,,sa ,,hi ,a ,,di ,,mo ,a ,,ri4 ,i ,,to ,,sa ,,po ,,wo4 ,o ,,to ,,na ,,di ,,yo4 ,,da ,,wa ,a ,i ,,no ,,wi ,a4 ,a ,i ,,sa4 ,i ,,bi ,i ,,mo ,a ,,di ,,yo4 ,,la ,,lo ,,sa ,,la ,,ha4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,wa4 ,i ,,bi ,i ,,mo ,,na ,,ma4 ,a ,,ka ,,po ,,wa ,,mo ,,ta ,,wo4 ,,pa ,,ra ,,na ,,ka ,,ta ,a ,,mo4 ,a ,,me ,,se ,,s4 ,los m&ami5tos de las sa cta madre yglesia1 son c9co4 ,el prim]o4 ourmissa ente ra los dom+os y sie/as de gu>d>4 ,el segundo1 con fes> alom5os una vez en el ano4 ,el t]c]o1 comulg> de necessidad por pascua florida4 ,el qu>to1 ayun> qu&o lo m&a la sancta madre ygtia4 ,el qu9to1 pag> diezmos y primicias4 ,ang otos nang sancta y gtia yna nat9 ceylima4 ,ang naona1 maquinig nag missa h\ag meilisan cun dom+o at sa sie/a1 p9a ng+il9an4 ,ang ycalua1 mag confes> mim9san man taon taon1 at cun mey hirap na yca mamatai4 ,ang ycatlo1 mag comulg> cun pascua na yqui nabuhai na naguli nang at9 pa ng9oon ,jesu*ri/o4 ,ang ycapat1 magayun> cun magotos ang sa cta yglesia yna nat94 ,ang y calima papamagoh9 ang ,dios nang dilan pananim1 at ang scey cap\a yhay9 sa dios4 ,am54 ,a ,o ,,to ,,na ,,sa ,,ta ,i ,,le ,,si ,,ya4 ,i ,,na ,,na ,,ti ,a ,a ,,li ,,ma4 ,a ,,na ,o ,,na4 ,,ma ,,ki ,,yi ,,na ,,mi ,,sa4 ,,ho ,,wa ,,ma ,,li ,,sa4 ,,ku ,,d ,,mi ,,g4 ,a ,,sa ,,pi ,,ta4 ,,pi ,,na ,,ngi ,,ngi ,,li ,,na4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,wa4 ,,ma ,,ko ,,pi ,,sa4 ,,mi ,,mi ,,sa ,,ma4 ,,ta ,o ,,ta ,o4 ,a ,,ku ,,ma ,,hi ,,ra ,,na ,i ,,ka ,,ma ,,ma ,,ta4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,lo4 ,,ma ,,ko ,,mu ,,ga4 ,,ku ,,pa ,,ku ,,wa4 ,,na ,i ,,ki ,,na ,,bu ,,ha ,,na ,,na ,u ,,li4 ,,na ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o4 ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,pa4 ,,ma ,a ,,yu ,,na4 ,,ku ,,ma ,o ,,to4 ,a ,,sa ,,ta ,i ,,le ,,si ,,ya4 ,i ,,na ,,na ,,ti4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,li ,,ma4 ,,pa ,,pa ,,ma ,,g ,,hi ,a ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,,di ,,la ,,pa ,,na ,,ni4 ,a ,a ,,sa ,i ,,ka ,,pu ,,wo4 ,i ,,ha ,,yi ,,mo ,,sa ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,,me4 ,los sacram5tos de la san cta madre ygtia son siete4 ,el prim]o baptismo4 ,el segu d confirmacion4 ,el t]c]o ,pe nit5cia4 ,el qu>to1 comunio4 ,el qu9to extrema uncion4 ,el septimo1 ord5 de matrimonio4 ,pito ang mahal nat&a ycauauala nang casalanan ang ngalan sacram5tos4 ,ang naona ang baptismo4 ,ag ycalua ang confirm>4 ,ang y catlo ang confes>4 ,ang yca pat ang comulg>4 ,ang ycali ma ang extrema uncion4 ,ang ycanim ang ord5 nang sac]do te4 ,ang ycapito ang pagcasal4 ,itong daluan holi p9atotooba nang dios ang tauo pili9 ang balan ybig4 ,am54 ,,pi ,,to ,a ,,ma ,,ha ,,na ,,ta ,,da4 ,a ,,ka ,,wa ,,wa ,,la ,,na ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,a ,,nga ,,la ,,sa ,,ka ,,ra ,,me ,,to4 ,a ,,na ,o ,,na4 ,a ,,ba ,,ti ,,mo4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,wa4 ,a ,,ku ,,pi ,,ma4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,lo4 ,a ,,ko ,,pi ,,sa4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,pa4 ,a ,,ko ,,mu ,,ga4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,li ,,ma4 ,a ,e ,,te ,,re ,,ma4 ,u ,,si ,,yo4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,ni4 ,a ,o ,,de ,,na ,,sa ,,se ,,d ,,ti4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,pi ,,to4 ,a ,,pa ,,ka ,,sa4 ,i ,,to ,,da ,,wa ,,ho ,,li4 ,,pi ,,na ,,lo ,,lo ,o ,,ba4 ,,na ,,di ,,yo ,a ,,ta ,,wo4 ,,pi ,,li ,i4 ,a ,,ba ,,la ,i ,,bi4 ,los peccados mortales son siete4 ,el prim]o sob]uia4 ,el se gundo ,eu>icia4 ,el t]c]o1 ,luxuria4 ,el qu>to yra4 ,el qu9to1 ,gula994 ,el sexto ,embi dia4 ,el septimo ,accidia4 ,ang ponong casalanan1 y capapacasama nang calol\a cey pito4 ,ang capalaloan4 ,ang c>amo tan4 ,ang calibogan4 ,ang ca galitan4 ,ang caiamoan sapag ca5 at sapag inum4 ,ang capa naghilian4 ,ang catam>a4 ,a ,,po ,,no ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,i ,,ka ,,pa ,,pa ,,ka ,,sa ,,ma ,,na ,,ka ,,lo ,,lo ,,wa4 ,a ,,pi ,,to4 ,a ,,ka ,,pa ,,la ,,lo ,a4 ,a ,,ka ,,ra ,,mo ,,ta4 ,a ,,ka ,,li ,,bo ,,ga4 ,a ,,ka ,,ga ,,li ,,ta4 ,a ,,ka ,,ya ,,mo ,a4 ,,sa ,,pa ,,ka ,e4 ,a ,,sa ,,pa ,i ,,nu4 ,a ,,ka ,,pa ,,na ,,hi ,,li ,a4 ,a ,,ka ,,ta ,,ma ,,ra4 ,las obras demis]icordia1 que qualqui] *i/iano deue cumplirson catorze4 ,las siete spirituales1 y las otras siete cor porales4 las siete corporales son e/as4 ,ujsit> los enf]mos4 ,d> de com] al que hahabre4 ,d> de beu] al que has$4 ,recte mir al que e/a captiuo4 ,deltir al desnudo1 que lo ham5e/]4 ,d> posada a los p]egr9os4 ,ent]r> los mu]tos4 ,las otras siete obras de mis]icordia spirituales1 son e/as4 ,ens5as alos sim ples qu5o sab54 ,d> consejo al quelo ham5e/]4 ,ca/ig> al que ham5e/] ca/igo4 ,p] don> al que erro contrati4 ,su friutas injurias de tu proximo conpaci5cia1 al doli5te1 yatsa nu$o4 ,consol> los tri/es1 y desconsolados1 ,rog>dios por los uiuos y por los mu]tos4 ,am54 ,ang cauaan gaua lab9 apat ag pitong naona paqu9abang nag catauan1 ang pitong naholi pa qu9abang nang calol\a4 ,ang pitong naona paqu9abang na catauan ay y>i4 ,dalau9 ang mei hirap4 ,paca n9 ang nagogotom4 ,pa9umi ang nauuhao4 ,p>amtan ang ua lan damit4 ,tubs9 ang nabihag4 ,patoloy9 ang ualan totoloya4 ,ybaon ang namatai4 ,ang pitong naholi paqu9a bang nang calol\a ay y>i4 ,aralan ang di nacaaalam4 ,a ralan ang napaa>al4 ,ang ta bo sala1 ce1 papagdalita94 ,ual 9 bahala sa loob ang casalana nang naccasasala sa iyo4 ,h\ag ypalaman sa loob ang pagmo mora nang tauo sa iyo4 ,aliu9 ang nalulumbai4 ,ipanalang9 sa dios ang nabubuhai at ang nanga matai na *ri/iano4 ,am5 ,jesus4 ,a ,,ka ,a ,,wa ,a ,,ga ,,wa4 ,,la ,,bi ,a ,,pa4 ,a ,,pi ,,to ,,na ,o ,,na4 ,,pa ,,ki ,,na ,,ba ,,na ,,ka ,,ta ,a4 ,a ,,pi ,,to ,,na ,,ho ,,li4 ,,pa ,,ki ,,na ,,ba4 ,,na ,,ka ,,lo ,,lo ,,wa4 ,a ,,pi ,,to ,,na ,o ,,na4 ,,pa ,,ki ,,na ,,ba ,,na ,,ka ,,ta ,a4 ,a ,,ya ,,ri4 ,,da ,,la ,,wi ,a ,,me ,,hi ,,ra4 ,,pa ,,ka ,,na4 ,a ,,na ,,g ,,g ,,to4 ,,pa ,i ,,no ,,mi4 ,a ,,na ,u ,u ,,ha4 ,,pa ,,ra ,,ta4 ,a ,,wa ,,la ,,da ,,mi4 ,,tu ,,si ,a ,,na ,,bi ,,ha4 ,,pa ,,to ,,lo ,,yi4 ,a ,,wa ,,la ,,to ,,to ,,lo ,,ya4 ,i ,,ba ,o4 ,a ,,na ,,ma ,,ta4 ,a ,,pi ,,to ,a ,,ho ,,li4 ,,pa ,,ki ,,na ,,ba ,,na ,,ka ,,lo ,,lo ,,wa4 ,a ,,ya ,,ri4 ,a ,,ra ,,la4 ,a ,,di ,,na ,,ka ,a ,a ,,la4 ,a ,,ra ,,la4 ,a ,,na ,,pa ,a ,a ,,ra4 ,a ,,ta ,,wo ,,sa ,,la4 ,,pa ,,pa ,,da ,,li ,,ta ,i4 ,,wa ,i ,,ba ,,ha ,,la ,,sa ,,lo ,o4 ,a ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,,na ,,na ,,ka ,,sa ,,sa ,,la4 ,,sa ,i ,,yo4 ,,ho ,,wa ,i ,,pa ,,la ,,ma ,,sa ,,lo ,o4 ,a ,,pa ,,mo ,,mo ,,ra4 ,a ,,ta ,,wo ,,sa ,i ,,yo4 ,a ,,li ,,wi4 ,a ,,na ,,lu ,,lu ,,ba4 ,a ,,pa ,,na ,,la ,,ngi ,,sa ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,,na ,,bu ,,bu ,,ha4 ,a ,a ,,na ,,nga ,,ma ,,ta ,,na ,,ki ,,ni ,,ti ,,ya ,,no4 ,a ,,me ,,se ,,s4 ,la confesion en ,romance ,jopeccador mu*o h]rado me confieso adios yasancta ,m>ia1 ya san ,p$ro ya san ,pablo1 ya los bi5 aueuturados1 san ,miguel h>*angel1 ya san ,juan bapti/a2 ya todos los sanc tos1 yauos padre que peque mu *o con el p5sami5toi conla palabra1 y conta obra1 por mi cul pa por mi culpa1 por mi guan cul pa1 por en de ruego a la bi5 aue turada uirg5 sancta ,m>ia1 y alos bi5 au5turados apos toles san ,p$ro y san ,pablo1 y asanct ,juan bapti/a1 ya todos los sanctos y sanctas qu]ue qu5 por mi anue/ro s5or4 ,je su*ri/o4 ,am54 ,acoy macasalanan nagcoco pesal aco sa at9 pang9oon di os macagagaua sa lahat at cai sancta ,m>ia uirg5 totoo at cai sanct ,miguel ar*angel1 cai sanct ,juan bapti/a sa san ctos apo/oles cai sanct ,p$ro1 at cai sanct ,pablo at sa lahat na sanctos at sa iyo padre1 ang naccasala aco sa panidim1 sa pag uica at sa paggaua aco nga ce1 sala aco1i1 mei casalanan1 aco1 i1 salan lubha siyang ypmagsisi sico caiangaiata nananalan ng9 aco cai sancta ,m>ia uirg5 totoo at cai1 ,s4 ,miguel ar*a gel1 at cai1 ,s4,juan bapti/a1 at sa san ctos apo/oles1 cai ,s4 ,p$ro at cai1 ,s4 ,pablo at sa lahat na sanctos1 nag aco a4 ypanalang9 nila sa at9 pangi noo dios ycao nama padre aco1i4 ypanalang9 mo at haman caha lili canang dios dito aco1i1 ca lagan mo sa casalanan co1 at p>usahan mo aco4 ,am51 ,jesu4 ,a ,,ko ,,ma ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,a ,,ko ,,na ,,ko ,,ko ,,pi ,,sa ,,sa ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,di ,,yo4 ,,ma ,,ka ,,ga ,,ga ,,wa ,,sa ,,la ,,ha4 ,a ,,ka ,,sa ,,ta ,,ma ,,ri ,,ya4 ,,bi ,,se ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,,ka ,,sa ,,mi ,,ge4 ,a ,,ka ,,si4 ,,ka ,,sa ,,su ,,wa ,,ba ,,ti ,,ta4 ,,sa ,,sa ,,to ,a ,,po ,,to ,,li4 ,,ka ,,sa ,,pe ,,ro4 ,a ,,ka ,,sa ,,pa ,,lo4 ,a ,,sa ,,la ,,ha ,,na ,,sa ,,to4 ,a ,,sa ,i ,,yo ,,pa ,,re4 ,a ,,na ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,a ,,ko4 ,,sa ,,pa ,,ni ,,ri4 ,,sa ,,pa ,,wi ,,ka4 ,a ,,sa ,,pa ,,ga ,,wa4 ,a ,,ko ,,nga ,a ,,sa ,,la4 ,a ,,ko ,,ma ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,a ,,ko ,,sa ,,la ,,lo ,,ha4 ,,si ,,ya ,i ,,pi ,,na ,,si ,,si ,,si ,,ko4 ,,ka ,,ya ,,nga ,,ya ,,to4 ,,na ,,na ,,na ,,la ,,ngi ,a ,,ko ,,ka ,,sa ,,ta ,,ma ,,di ,,yo4 ,,bi ,,se ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,,ka ,,sa ,,mi ,,g4 ,a ,,ka ,,si4 ,a ,,sa ,,s ,,wa ,,ba ,,ti ,,ta4 ,a ,,sa ,,sa ,,to ,a ,,po ,,to ,,li4 ,,ka ,,sa ,,pi ,,ro4 ,a ,,ka ,,sa ,,pe ,,la4 ,a ,,sa ,,la ,,ha ,,na ,,sa ,,to4 ,,na ,a ,,ko ,i ,,pa ,,na ,,la ,,ngi ,,ni ,,la4 ,,sa ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,di ,,yo4 ,i ,,ka ,,na ,,ma ,,pa ,,re4 ,a ,,ko ,i ,,pa ,,na ,,la ,,ngi ,,mo4 ,a ,,ha ,,ma ,,ka ,,ha ,,li ,,li ,,ka4 ,,na ,,di ,,yo ,,di ,,to4 ,a ,,ko ,,ka ,,la ,,ga ,,mo4 ,,sa ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na ,,ko4 ,a ,,pa ,,ru ,,sa ,,ha ,,mo ,a ,,ko4 ,a ,,me ,,se ,,s4 ,las preguntas en ,romace ,p4 ,eres *ri/iano8 ,r4 si porlami s]icordia de ,dios4 ,p4que cosa es *ri/iano8 ,r4 ,el hombre bapti zado que cree lo que ens5a di os1 yla sancta yglesia madre nra4 ,p4 qua les la s5al del *ri/iano ,r4 la sancta cruz4 ,p4 ,aqui5 adoran los *ri/ianos8 ,r4 a nro s5or ,dios4 ,p4 que cosa es dios8 ,r4 la prim]a causa1 el pr9ci pio de todas las cosas1 ,el que hi co todas las cosas1 y el no ti5e pr9cipio nif94 ,p4 quantos dio ses ay8 ,r4 un solo dios4 ,p4 qua tas p]sonas4 ,r4 tres ,p4 como se llama la prim]a8 ,r4 ,dios padre4 ,p4 como se llama la seu da8 ,r4 ,dios hijo4 ,p4 como se lla ma la t]c]a8 ,r4 ,dios spiritu sancto4 ,p4 son por u5turatres ,dioses4 ,r4 no sontres dioses4 las p]sonas son tres1 ysolo ai un dios4 ,p4 qual de las tres p] sonas se hizo hombre8 ,r4 la se gunda p]sona que es el hijo4 ,p4 como se hizo hombre8 ,r4 por obra del spiritu sancto1 en las entranas de sancta ,m>ia uirge antes del p>to1 ydespues del p>to4 ,p4 p>a q se hizo hombre8 ,r4 p>a pod]morir en rescate de los peccados de todos los hombres4 ,p4 qual es erantos peccados de los hombres8 ,r4 el peccado de nue/ros prime ros padres4 ,adan y ,eva1 del qual todos p>ticipamos1 y fue ra de e/o1 los peccados actua les conque (5d5 a dios ca da dia4 ,p4 como rescato a los ho bres8 ,r4 murio en la cruz y to mo asuc>go los peccados de todos los hombres4 ,p4 despues de mu]to nro s5or ,jesu*ris to que hizo su alma8 ,r4 baxo a los infi]nos junta con la diui nidad1 ysaco las animas de los sanctos padres que e/auan a gu>d&o su sancto adu5i4 mi5to4 ,p4 ,el cu]po de nue/ro s5or ,jesu*ri/o fue sepultado8 ,r4 si ,p4 resuscito4 ,r4 si ,p4qua d8 ,r4 al t]c]o dia1 de su mu] te4 ,p4 que dose aca en la ti]ra nu e/ro s5or ,jesu*ri/o8 ,r4 no1 s9o subro a los cielos1 despues de qu>5ta dias de su4 ,r4 esurrec cion y e/a as5tado ala die/ra de dios padre todo pod]oso4 ,p4 que asi5to ti5e alla en el cielo8 ,r4 ,el mas ab5taxado de todos4 ,p4 ay dia enque u$ra ajuzg> u9os y mu]tos4 ,r4 si1 ,p4 qu&o8 ,r4 no se sabe4 ,p4 ,el alma del hombre aca base qu&o mu]e el hombre8 ,r4 no mu]e con el cu]po como en los otros animales1 si no s to el cu]po mu]e y el alma uiue p>a siempre4 ,p4 &e uol u] ad9ir todos los que mu]e bu5os y malos8 ,r4 &e uol u] ad9ir y junt> se el cu]po con el alma p>a s] juzgados de *ir/o nue/ro s5or4 ,p4 despues de4 ,r4 esuscitados los cu]pos de los hombres &e uolu] amorir8 ,r4 no ,p4que d>a dios en premio a los bue nos4 ,r4 la gloria del cielo al la u]an adios y se alegr>an y regozi j>an p>a siempre ja mas4 ,p4 que ca/igo d>a dios a los malos8 ,r4 e*> los a en el infi]no allat5dran torme los y dolores p>a simpre ja mas4 ,p4 que e/a sancta ygle sia4 ,r4 todos los hombres *ri/ianos que cre5 en di os1 juntam5te consu cabe ca1 ,jesus*ri/o que e/a en el cielo1 ysuuicauio en la ti]ra que es el papa del ,roma4 ,p4 ,en es ta sancta yglesia y cosas que quit5 peccados8 ,r4 si ,p4 que cosas son8 ,r4 el baptisimo a los no *ri/ianos1 y la confe sion a los ya *ri/ianos que pecc>on si se>repi5t5 de suspeccados de u]as yti5e uoluntad de nunca mas bolu] apecc>4 ,p4 ,en e/a sancta yglia ay comunion de los sanctos8 ,r4 si4 ,p4 que e/a comunion de los sanctos8 ,r4 la p>ticipacion de los bu5os *ri/ianos en las bu5as obras y sacram5tos4 ,p4 qu&o leuanta la o/ia el pa dre en la missa p>a quela ado r5tos *ri/ianos qui5 e/a a/i8 ,r4 ,jesu*ri/o nro s5or dios y hombre u]dad]o como e/a en el cielo4 ,p4 ,en el caliz qui5 e/a8 ,r4 la sangre u] dad]a de nro s5or ,jesu*ris to como aquella que d]uamo en la cruz4 ,p4 que e/a el *ris tiano obligado a haz]1 p>a salu>se8 ,r4 haz] y cumplir4 los diez m&ami5tos de dios y los de la sancta madre yglesia4 ,ang tanongan4 ,tanongan4 ,*ri/iano cana8 ,sagot4 ,oo4t aua nang at9 pa ng9oon dios4 ,t4 ano caia ang *ri/iano8 ,s4 ang b9agan su masangpalataia sa aral nang dios at nang sancta yglesia yna nat94 ,t4 al9 caia ang tan da nang *ri/iano8 ,s4 ang sacta cruz4 ,t4 s9o caia ang s9asam ba nang manga *ri/iano8 ,s4 ang at9 pang9oon dios4 ,t4 ano caia ang dios8 ,s4 ang onag mola4 ang caona onahan sa lahat1 ang mei gaua sa lahat1 siya1e1 ualan p9agmolan ualan caha ganan4 ,t4 ylan ang dios8 ,s4 ysa lamang4 ,t4 ylan ang p]sonas8 ,s4 tatlo4 ,t4 anong ngalang nang naona8 ,s4 ang dios ama4 ,t4 anog ngalan nang ycalua8 ,s4 ang di os anac4 ,t4 anong ngalan nag ycatlo8 ,s4 ang dios spiritusacto4 ,t4 tatlo caia ang dios8 ,s4 dile tatlo ang dios1 ang p]sonas siyang tatlo1 ang dios ysa lamang4 ,t4 al9 sa tatlong p] sonas ang nagcatauan tauo8 ,s4 ang ycaluang p]sona nang sanctissima tr9idad ang dios a nac4 ,t4 anong pagcatauan tauo niya8 ,s4 p9aglalangan siya nag dios spiritusancto satian ni sacta ,m>ia uirg5 totoo nang dipa nanganac siya4 nang macapanga nac na virg5 d9 totoo4 ,t4 ayat nagcatauan tauo siya8 ,s1 nang ma y>i mamatai siya tubus sacasa lanan nang lahat na tauo4 ,t4 at9 caia ang casalanan nang tauo8 ,s4 ang casalanan nang at9 magu gulang si ,adan at si ,eva nag9 casalanan nat91 n>amai pala ta yo sapagcacasala nila sa pang9o on dios4 bucor naman doon ang sa dil+ casalanan nang balan nang tauo nagcasasala sa dios arao arao4 ,t4 ,anong pagtubus niya sa tauo8 ,s4 nagpacamatai siya sa cruz1 at s9acop niya ang san libotan bayan4 ,t4 nang namatai na ang at9 pang9oon ,jesu*ris to sa cruz1 anong gu9aua nang calol\a niya8 ,s1 nanaog sama nga infi]nos pati nang pagca dios niya1 at h9ango doon ag calol\a nang manga sanctos padres naghih9tai nagpagda t+ niya4 ,t4 ang catauan ni ,jesu*ri/o yb9aon8 ,s4 oo4 ,t4 nabuhai nanaguli8 ,s4 oo4 ,t4 ca ylan8 ,s4 nang magycatlong arao nangpagcamatai niya4 ,t4 humabil9 dito sa lupa ang at9 pang9oon ,jesu*ri/o8 ,s4 di le humabil9 dito sa lupa1 nac yat sa langit nang magycapat nap\ng arao nang pagcabu hai niyang naguli1 at nalolocloc sa canan nang dios ama maca gagaua sa lahat4 ,t4 anong pagca locloc niya doon sa langit8 ,s4 p9alalo siya nang dios ama ni ya sa lahat4 ,t4 mei arao na yhoho com sa nangabubuhai1 at sana ngamatai natauo8 ,s4 oo ,t4 caila8 ,s4 dile naaalaman4 ,t4 s9o caia1 ang hocom8 ,s4 ang at9 pang9o on ,jesu*ri/o4 ,t4 ang calol\a nat9 mamatai caia cun mama tai ang catauan nat98 ,s4 dile ma matai ang calol\a nat9 p>a nang sa haiop1 ang catauan la mang mamatai1 ang calol\a mabubuhai magp>at+ man saan4 ,t4 mabubuhai caia mag uli ang nangamatai natauo1 ba nal man1 tampalasan man4 ,s1 oo mabubuhai d9 maguli1 at papa soc na moli ang calol\a sa ca tauan nang hocoman silang dalua nang at9 pang9oon ,je su*ri/o4 ,t4 cun mabuhai na maguli ang catauan nang ma nga tauo mamatai pa caiang mo li8 ,s4 dile4 ,t4 ano ygaganti nang dios sa manga banal na tauo4 ,s4 ang caluualhatian sa langit doon maquiquita ni la ang dios1 at matot\a at ma liligaia1 at luluualhati magpa rat+ man saan4 ,t4 ano ypa rurusa niya sa manga tauo tan palasan8 ,s1 yhoholog niya sa ynfi]no doon maghihirap sila at maccacasaquet magp>atig man saan4 ,t4 ano caia ang san cta yglesia8 ,s4 ang lahat nata uo *ri/iano sumasangpala taia sa dios pati nang pononi la si ,jesu*ri/o1e1 nasa langit dito sa lupa ang cahalili niya ang sancto ,papa sa ,roma8 ,t4 dito sa sancta yglesia mei ycauauala nang casalanan8 ,s1 oo1 ,t1 ano caia ang ycauaua la nang casalanan8 ,s1 ang p9agb9ag sa dipa *ri/ianos at ang pagcoconfesal nang ma nga *ri/ianos mei casalana1 cun magsis+ masaquet at mei loob na di moli maccasa la sa dios magp>at+ man saan4 ,t1 dito sasancta yglesia mei casamahan ang manga sanctos8 ,s1 oo1 ,t1 ano caia ang casamahan nang manga sanctos8 ,s1 ang pagpapaqu9a bang nang manga ,*ri/ianos banal na tauo1 sa gaua maga l+ sangpon nang sasacra m5tos4 ,t1 ,nang b9ubuhat ang o/ia nang padre sapagmi misa s9o caia ang n>oon8 ,s1 ang at9 pang9oon ,jesu ,*ri/o ,dios totoo1 at tauog totoo1 p>a doon sa langit4 ,t1 sa caliz s9o caia ang n>oon8 ,s1 ,ang dugong totoo nang at9 pang9oon ,jesu*ri/o1 cap>a niun nabohos sa cruz nang na matai siya4 ,t1 ano caia ang ga gau9 nang manga ,*ri/iano nang macap>oon sa langit8 ,s1 ,ang susund9 nila ang sang po1 uong otos nang dios1 pati nang otos nang sancta yglesia yna nat94 ,,ta ,,no ,,nga4 ,,ki ,,ni ,,ti ,,ya ,,no ,,ka ,,na4 ,o ,o ,a ,,wa ,,na ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,,no ,,ka ,,ya ,a ,,ki ,,ni ,,ti ,,ya ,,no4 ,a ,,bi ,,ya ,,ga ,,na ,,ta ,,wo4 ,,su ,,ma ,,sa ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya4 ,,sa ,a ,,ra ,,na ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,,na ,,sa ,,ta ,i ,,le ,,si ,,ya4 ,i ,,na ,,na ,,ti4 ,a ,,li ,,ka ,,ya ,a ,,ta ,,da ,,na ,,ki ,,ni ,,ti ,,ya ,,no4 ,a ,,sa ,,ta ,,ku ,,ru4 ,,si ,,no ,,ka ,,ya4 ,a ,,si ,,na ,,sa ,,ba4 ,,na ,,ma ,,nga ,,ki ,,ni ,,ti ,,ya ,,no4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,,no ,,ka ,,ya ,a ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,o ,,na ,,mo ,,la4 ,a ,,ka ,o ,,na ,o ,,na ,,ha ,,sa ,,la ,,ha4 ,a ,,ma ,,ga ,,wa ,,sa ,,la ,,ha4 ,,si ,,ya ,,wa ,,la ,,pi ,,na ,,mo ,a4 ,,wa ,,la ,,ka ,,ha ,,ga ,,na4 ,i ,,la ,a ,,di ,,yo4 ,i ,i ,,sa ,,la ,,ma4 ,i ,,la ,a ,,pe ,,s ,,na4 ,,ta ,,lo4 ,a ,,no ,,nga ,,la ,,na ,,na ,o ,,na4 ,,di ,,yo ,a ,,ma4 ,,ano ,,nga ,,la ,,na ,i ,,ka ,,wa4 ,,di ,,yo ,a ,,ma4 ,a ,,no ,,nga ,,la ,,na ,i ,,ka ,,lo4 ,,di ,,yo ,e ,,pi ,,ri ,,to ,,sa ,,to4 ,,ta ,,lo ,,ka ,,ya ,a ,,di ,,yo4 ,,di ,,le ,,ta ,,lo ,a ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,,pe ,,s ,,na ,,si ,,ya ,,ta ,,lo4 ,a ,,di ,,yo ,i ,,sa ,,la ,,ma4 ,a ,,li ,,sa ,,ta ,,lo ,,pe ,,s ,,na4 ,a ,,na ,,ka ,,ta ,a ,,ta ,,wo4 ,a ,i ,,ka ,,wa ,,pe ,,s ,,na4 ,,na ,,sa ,,ti ,,si ,,ma ,,ti ,,ni ,,da4 ,,na ,,di ,,yo ,a ,,na4 ,a ,,no ,,pa ,,ka ,,ta ,a ,,ta ,,wo ,,ni ,,ya4 ,,pi ,,na ,,la ,,la ,,nga ,,si ,,ya4 ,,na ,,di ,,yo ,e ,,pi ,,ri ,,to ,,sa ,,to4 ,,sa ,,ti ,,ya ,,ni ,,sa ,,to ,,ma ,,ri ,,ya4 ,,bi ,,se ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,,na ,,di ,,pa ,,na ,,nga ,,na4 ,,si ,,ya4 ,,na ,,ma ,,ka ,,pa ,,nga ,,na ,,na4 ,,bi ,,se ,,ri ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,a ,a ,,na ,,ka ,,ta ,a ,,ta ,,wo ,,si ,,ya4 ,,na ,,ma ,,ya ,,ri ,,ma ,,ma ,,ta ,,si ,,ya4 ,,tu ,,bu ,,sa ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,,na ,,la ,,ha ,,na ,,ta ,,wo4 ,a ,,li ,,ka ,,ya ,a ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na ,,ni ,,la4 ,a ,o ,,na ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,,na ,,ma ,,gu ,,gu ,,la ,,na ,,ti4 ,,si ,a ,,da4 ,a ,,si ,e ,,ba4 ,,na ,,gi ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na ,,na ,,ti 4 ,,na ,,ra ,,ma ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,yo4 ,,sa ,,pa ,,ka ,,ka ,o ,,la ,,ni ,,la ,,sa ,,di ,,yo4 ,,bo ,,ko ,,na ,,ma ,,d ,o4 ,a ,,sa ,,di ,,li ,a ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,,na ,,ba ,,la ,,na ,,ta ,,wa4 ,,na ,,ka ,,sa ,,sa ,,la ,,sa ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,,ra ,a ,,ra4 ,,ti ,,nu ,,bu ,,ni ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,a ,,la ,,ha ,,na ,,ta ,,wo4 ,o ,o4 ,a ,,no ,,pa ,,tu ,,bu ,,ni ,,ya ,,sa ,,ma ,,nga ,,ta ,,wo4 ,a ,,pa ,,ka ,,ma ,,ta ,,si ,,ya ,,sa ,,ku ,,ru4 ,a ,,si ,,na ,,ko ,,ni ,,ya4 ,a ,,sa ,,li ,,bu ,,ta ,,ba ,,ya4 ,,na ,,na ,,ma ,,ta ,,na ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to ,,sa ,,ku ,,ru4 ,a ,,no ,,gi ,,na ,,wa ,,na ,,ka ,,lo ,,lo ,,wa ,,ni ,,ya4 ,,na ,,na ,o ,,sa ,,ma ,,nga ,i ,,pe ,,no4 ,,pa ,,ti ,,na ,,pa ,,ka ,,di ,,yo ,,ni ,,ya4 ,a ,,hi ,,na ,,ngo ,,d ,o4 ,a ,,ka ,,lo ,,lo ,,wa ,,na ,,ma ,,nga ,,sa ,,to ,,pa ,,re4 ,,na ,,hi ,,ni ,,ta ,a ,,pa ,,ra ,,ti ,,ni ,,ya4 ,a ,,ka ,,ta ,a ,,ni ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,i ,,bi ,,na ,o4 ,o ,o4 ,,na ,,bu ,,ha ,,na ,,na ,u ,,li4 ,o ,o4 ,,ka ,i ,,la4 ,,na ,,ma ,i ,,ka ,,lo ,a ,,ra4 ,a ,,pa ,,ka ,,ma ,,ta ,,ni ,,ya4 ,,hu ,,ma ,,bi ,,li ,,di ,,to ,,sa ,,lu ,,pa4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,,di ,,le ,,hu ,,ma ,,bi ,,li ,,di ,,to ,,sa ,,lu ,,pa4 ,,na ,,ya ,,sa ,,la ,,ngi4 ,,na ,,ma ,i ,,ka ,,pa ,,na ,,po ,,wo ,a ,,ra4 ,a ,,pa ,,ka ,,bu ,,ha ,,ni ,,ya ,,na ,o ,,li4 ,a ,,na ,,lo ,,lo ,,lo ,,sa ,,ka ,,na ,,na ,,di ,,yo ,a ,,ma4 ,a ,,ka ,,ga ,,ga ,,wa ,,sa ,,la ,,ha4 ,a ,,no ,,pa ,,ka ,,lo ,,lo ,,ni ,,ya4 ,,d ,o ,,sa ,,la ,,ngi4 ,,pi ,,na ,,lo ,,lo ,,si ,,ya ,,na ,,di ,,yo ,a ,,ma ,,ni ,,ya4 ,,sa ,,la ,,ha4 ,,ma ,a ,,ra ,,na ,i ,,ho ,,ho4 ,,sa ,,ma ,,bu ,,bu ,,ha ,a ,,sa ,,na ,,nga ,,ma ,,ta ,,na ,,ta ,,wo4 ,o ,o4 ,,ka ,i ,,la4 ,,di ,,le ,,na ,a ,a ,,la ,,ma4 ,,si ,,no ,,ka ,,ya ,a ,,ho ,,ko4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,a ,,ka ,,lo ,,lo ,,wa ,,na ,,ti4 ,,ma ,,ma ,,ta ,,ka ,,ya4 ,,ko ,,ma ,,ma ,,ta ,a ,,ka ,,ta ,a ,,na ,,ti4 ,,di ,,le ,,ma ,,ma ,,ta ,a ,,ka ,,lo ,,lo ,,wa ,,na ,,ti4 ,,pa ,,ra ,,na ,,sa ,i ,,ba ,,ha ,,yo4 ,a ,,ka ,,ta ,a ,,na ,,la ,,ma4 ,a ,,ma ,,ma ,,ta4 ,a ,,ka ,,lo ,,lo ,,wa ,,ma ,,bu ,,bu ,,ha4 ,,ma ,,pa ,,ra ,,ti ,,ma ,,sa ,a ,,ma ,,bu ,,bu ,,ha ,,ka ,,ya ,,ma ,o ,,li4 ,a ,,na ,,nga ,,ma ,,ta ,,na ,,to ,,wo4 ,,ba ,,na ,,ma4 ,,ta ,,pa ,,la ,,sa ,,ma4 ,o ,o ,,na ,,bu ,,bu ,,ha ,,ri ,,ma ,u ,,li4 ,a ,,pa ,,pa ,,s ,,na ,,mo ,,li4 ,a ,,ka ,,lo ,,lo ,,wa ,,sa ,,ka ,,ta ,a ,,ni ,,ya4 ,,na ,,ho ,,ko ,,ma ,,si ,,la ,,da ,,wa4 ,,na ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,,ku ,,ma ,,bu ,,ha ,,na ,,ma ,o ,,li4 ,a ,,ka ,,ta ,a ,,na ,,ma ,,nga ,,ta ,,wo4 ,,ma ,,ma ,,ta ,,pa ,,ka ,,ya ,,mo ,,li4 ,,di ,,le4 ,,ano ,i ,,ga ,,ga ,,ti ,,na ,,di ,,yo ,,sa ,,ma ,,nga ,,ba ,,na ,,na ,,ta ,,wo4 ,a ,,ka ,,lu ,,wa ,,ha ,,ti ,a ,a ,,sa ,,la ,,ngi4 ,,d ,o ,,ma ,,ki ,,ki ,,ta ,,ni ,,la ,a ,,di ,,yo4 ,a ,,ma ,,to ,,to ,,wa4 ,a ,,ma ,,li ,,li ,,ga ,,ya4 ,a ,,lu ,,lu ,,wa ,,ha ,,ti4 ,,ma ,,pa ,,ra ,,ti ,,ma ,,sa ,a4 ,a ,,no ,i ,,pa ,,ru ,,ru ,,sa ,,na ,,di ,,yo ,a ,,ma ,,nga ,,ta ,,wo ,,ta ,,pa ,,la ,,sa4 ,i ,,ho ,,ho ,,lo ,,ni ,,ya4 ,,sa ,i ,,pe ,,no4 ,,d ,o ,,ma ,,hi ,,hi ,,ra ,,si ,,ya4 ,a ,,ma ,,ka ,,ka ,,sa ,,ki4 ,,ma ,,pa ,,ra ,,ti ,,ma ,,sa ,a4 ,a ,,no ,,ka ,,ya ,a ,,sa ,,ta ,i ,,le ,,si ,,ya4 ,a ,,la ,,ha ,,na ,,ta ,,wo ,,ki ,,ni ,,ti ,,ya ,,no4 ,,su ,,ma ,,sa ,,pa ,,la ,,ta ,,ya ,,sa ,,di ,,yo4 ,,pa ,,ti ,,na ,,po ,,po ,,ni ,,la ,,si ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,,na ,,sa ,,la ,,ngi4 ,a ,,di ,,to ,,sa ,,lu ,,pa4 ,a ,,ka ,,ha ,,li ,,li ,,ni ,,ya4 ,a ,,sa ,,to ,,pa ,,pa4 ,,di ,,to ,,sa ,,sa ,,ta ,i ,,le ,,si ,,ya4 ,,ma ,i ,,ka ,,wa ,,wa ,,la ,,na ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,a ,,no ,,ka ,,ya ,a ,i ,,ka ,,wa ,,wa ,,la ,,na ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,a ,,pa ,,bi ,,ya ,,sa ,,di ,,pa ,,ki ,,ni ,,ti ,,ya ,,no4 ,a ,a ,,pa ,,ko ,,ko ,,pi ,,sa4 ,a ,,ma ,,nga ,,ka ,,ni ,,ti ,,ya ,,no4 ,,ma ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,na4 ,,ku ,,ma ,,si ,,si ,,ma ,,sa ,,ki4 ,a ,,ma ,,lo ,o4 ,,na ,,di ,,mo ,,li ,,ma ,,ka ,,sa ,,la ,,sa ,,di ,,yo ,,ma ,,pa ,,ra ,,ti ,,ma ,,sa ,a4 ,,di ,,to ,,sa ,,sa ,,ta ,i ,,le ,,si ,,ya4 ,,ma ,,ka ,,sa ,,ma ,,ha4 ,a ,,ma ,,nga ,,sa ,,to4 ,o ,o4 ,a ,,no ,,ka ,,ya ,a ,,ka ,,sa ,,ma ,,ha4 ,,na ,,ma ,,nga ,,sa ,,to4 ,a ,,pa ,,pa ,,pa ,,ki ,,na ,,ba4 ,,na ,,ma ,,nga ,,ki ,,ni ,,ti ,,ya ,,no4 ,,ba ,,na ,,na ,,ta ,,wo4 ,,sa ,,ga ,,wa ,,ma ,,ga ,,li4 ,,sa ,,po ,,na ,,sa ,,sa ,,ka ,,ra ,,me ,,to4 ,,na ,,bi ,,nu ,,bu ,,ha ,a ,o ,,ti ,,ya ,,na ,,pa ,,re4 ,,sa ,,pa ,,mi ,,mi ,,sa4 ,,si ,,no ,,ka ,,ya ,a ,,na ,,ro ,o4 ,a ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,,di ,,yo ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,a ,,ta ,,wo ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,,pa ,,ra ,,d ,o ,,sa ,,la ,,ngi4 ,,sa ,,ka ,,li4 ,,si ,,no ,,ka ,,ya ,a ,,na ,,d ,o4 ,a ,,du ,,g ,,to ,,to ,o4 ,,na ,a ,,ti ,,pa ,,ngi ,,no ,o ,,se ,,s ,,ki ,,to4 ,,ka ,,pa ,,ra ,,ni ,u ,,na ,,bo ,,ho ,,sa ,,ku ,,ru4 ,,na ,,na ,,ma ,,ta ,,si ,,ya4 ,,ano ,,ka ,,ya4 ,a ,,ga ,,ga ,i ,,na ,,ma ,,nga ,,ki ,,ni ,,ti ,,ya ,,no4 ,,na ,,ma ,,ka ,,pa ,,ro ,o ,,sa ,,la ,,ngi4 ,a ,,su ,,su ,,di ,,ni ,,ya4 ,a ,,sa ,,po ,,wo ,o ,,to ,,na ,,di ,,yo4 ,,pa ,,ti ,,na ,o ,,to ,,na ,,sa ,,ta ,i ,,le ,,si ,,ya4 ,i ,,na ,,na ,,ti4 ,laus ,deo ,,notes #a ,tagalog *>act]s are said to be simil> to old ,javanese1 ,ignacio ,villamot1 ,la ,antigua ,escritura ,filip9a1 ,manila1 #aibb1 p4 #cj4 ,!y 7 replac$ "u ! ,spani% occupation by roman lett]s1 & are n n[ us$4 ,! be/ def9itive gramm> is ,frank ,r4 ,blake's ,a ,gramm> ( ! ,tagalog ,language1 ,new ,hav51 #aibe1 :]e1 p4 #a1 he def9es ! language z foll[s3 ,tagalog is ! pr9cipal language ( ,luzon1 ! l>ge/ isl& ( ! ,philipp9e ,ar*ipelago4 ,x is spok5 9 ,manila & 9 ! middle region ( ,luzon4 ,tagalog1 l all ! ,philipp9e languages ab\t :i* any?+ is kn[n1 belongs to ! ,malayo-,polynesian family ( spee*1 :i* embraces ! idioms spok5 on ! isl&s ( ,polynesia1 ,melanesia1 & ,malaysia1 on ! ,malay p59sula1 & on ! isl& ( ,madagasc>4 #b ,! woodcut1 %[+ ,/4 ,dom9ic b5ea? a /> hold+ a lily & a book1 ! usual symbols ( ?is sa9t1 & clad 9 ! :ite habit & black cloak ( 8 ord]1 seems to be ( ori5tal workman%ip1 diff]+ va/ly f contempor>y ,spani% & ,mexican cuts ( ! same type4 ,! cl\ds1 = in/ance1 are *>act]i/ically ,*9ese1 & ! build+s 9 ! backgr\nd m rem9isc5t ( ea/]n temples ?an ,european *ur*es4 #c ,t4,h4 ,p>do de ,tav]a1 ,noticias sobre ,la ,impr5ta y el ,grabado en ,filip9as1 ,madrid1 #ahic1 pp4 #i-aj4 ,d>d ,hunt] 9 ,pap]mak+ ?r\gh ,eighte5 ,c5turies1 ,new ,york1 #aicj1 pp4 #aji-af1 describes pap]mak+ 9 ,*9a1 & m5tions ! use ( makaso or takaso1 bo? species ( ! pap] mulb]ry1 z mat]ial = ! mak+ ( pap]4 ,! pap] mulb]ry's sci5tific "n is ,br\ssonetia papyrif]a4 ,lat]1 on p4 #ada1 he speaks ( ! use by ! ,*9ese ( gypsum1 li*51 />*1 rice fl\r & animal glue = siz+4 #d ,! be/ %ort summ>ies 9 ,engli% ( ! beg9n+s ( pr9t+ 9 ,mexico are ,h5ry ,r4 ,wagn]'s introduction to ! exhibition catalogue ( ,mexican ,impr9ts #aedd-afjj ,9 ! ,hunt+ton ,libr>y1 ,san ,m>9o1 #aici1 pp4 #c-aj2 & ,lawr5ce ,c4 ,wro?1 ,"s ,reflections on ! ,book ,arts 9 ,e>ly ,mexico1 ,cambridge 7,mass471 #aide4 #e ,j4,b4 ,primrose1 ,! ,fir/ ,press 9 ,india & ,its ,pr9t]s1 ,! ,libr>y1 #d? ,s]ies1 #aici1 ,,xx1 pp4 #bdd-e4 #f ,jose ,toribio ,m$9a1 ,la ,impr5ta en ,lima1 ,santiago de ,*ile1 #aijd-ag1 no4 #a1 p4 #c4 #g ,a contempor>y copy ( ?is lett]--! orig9al is n kn[n--lay =gott5 & unnotic$ 9 ! ,ar*ives ( ! ,indies 7#a-a-c_/be1 no4 #eb71 ,torres1 ,,iii1 no4 #daea1 p4 #hc1 until discov]$ !re by ,pascual de ,gayangos1 :o call$ x to ! att5tion ( ,w4,e4 ,retana1 :o fir/ pr9t$ x 9 ,la ,politica de ,espana en ,filip9as1 no4 #ig1 ,oct4 #bc1 #ahid4 ,x 0 lat] r$iscov]$ indep5d5tly by ,m$9a :o also pr9t$ x 9 8 ,la ,impr5ta en ,manila1 p4 xix4 ,gomez ,p]ez ,dasm>9as1 =m]ly corregidor ( ,murcia & ,c>tag5a 9 ,spa91 0 appo9t$ gov]nor ( ! ,philipp9es 9 #aehi1 l&$ at ,manila 9 ,may #aeij1 & rema9$ 9 (fice until 8 dea? 9 ,octob] #aeic4 #h ,relacion de lo que se ha escrito y escribe en las ,filip9as fe*o e/e ano de #aeic1 an app>5tly in$it$ ,,ms4 9 ! ,a4 ( ,i41 ,index #i1 no4 #ha1 f :i* ! passage 0 quot$ by ,retana 9 8 edition ( ,antonio de ,morga's ,sucesos de las ,islas ,filip9as1 ,madrid1 #aiji1 p4 #dbe1 & ,manuel ,artigas y ,cu]va1 ,la ,prim]a ,impr5ta en ,filip9as1 ,manila1 #aiaj1 p4 xi4 ,?is may be ! ,,ms4 li/$ by ,torres1 ,,iii1 no4 #dbbi1 p4 #ia1 z ,breve sum>io y memorial de apuntami5tos de lo que se ha escrito y escribe en las ,islas ,filip9as1 undat$ b probably #aeic4 #i ,recopilacion de las ,leyes de los ,reynos de las ,indias1 ,madrid1 #afha1 ,i1 ff4 #abcv-#abdr1 :]e !y are ,laws #a & #c1 ,title ,,xxiv1 ,book ,i4 #aj ,m$9a1 p4 xxviii1 f4 ,libro de provisiones reales1 ,madrid1 #aeif1 ,i1 p4 #bca4 #aa ,inflation 9 ! ,philipp9es 0 discuss$ 9 a report s5t by ,bi%op ,salaz> to ! ,k+ 9 #aehc1 ,b4 ,r41 ,v1 pp4 #baj-aa1 translat$ f ,retana1 ,ar*ivo del bibli(ilo filip9o1 ,madrid1 #ahie-ig1 ,,iii4 no #a4 #ab ,h5ry ,r4 ,wagn]1 ,! ,h\se ( ,cromb]g]1 9 ,to ,doctor ,ros5ba*1 ,philadelphia1 #aidf1 pp4 #bcd #bch1 :]e he gives "s int]e/+ comp>ative figures3 9 #aedb ! ,casa de ,cromb]g] c\ld *>ge #ag m>av$is a %eet2 9 ,spa9 9 #aeeb ,lopez de ,gom>a's ,hi/oria de las ,indias 0 apprais$ at #b m>av$is a %eet2 & 9 ,mexico ,vasco de ,puga's ,provisiones ( #aefc 0 p]mitt$ to sell at ! trem5d\s figure ( "o real or #cd m>av$is a %eet4 #ac ,juan de ,cuell> 0 m5tion$ 9 ! ,lett] ( ,in/ruction giv5 by ,philip ,,ii to ,gomez ,p]ez ,dasm>9as on ,augu/ #i1 #aehi1 z among ^? :o are m5 ( wor? & acc\nt 9 ! ,philipp9es & :o %\ld be provid$ = & rew>d$ accord+ly1 ,b4 ,r41 ,,vii1 p4 #aea1 translat$ f ! orig9al ,,ms4 9 ! ,a4 ( ,i4 7#aje-b-aa71 ,torres1 ,,iii1 no4 #cefg1 p4 #ag4 ,cuell> receiv$ a commission f ,dasm>9as & sign$ v>i\s docum5ts dur+ 8 adm9i/ration z secret>y & not>y4 ,antonio de ,morga1 ,sucesos de las ,islas ,filip9as1 ,mexico1 #afji1 f4 #acv1 reports t ,cuell> 0 "o ( two survivors ( ! %ip on :i* ,dasm>9as sail$ 9 ,octob] #aeic z "p ( an exp$ition to conqu] ! =t ( ,t]r5ate 9 ,maluco4 ,on ! second day out1 :ile ! %ip 0 wea!r-b\nd at ,punta del ,acufre1 ! ,*9ese r[]s mut9i$1 & only ,cuell>1 !re describ$ z ! gov]nor's secret>y1 & ! ,franciscan fa!r1 ,francisco de ,montilla1 surviv$ ! ensu+ massacre4 ,!y 7 set a%ore on ! coa/ ( ,ylocos1 & made _! way back to ,manila4 ,a simil> acc\nt appe>s 9 ,*apt] ,,xvi ( ,leon>do de ,arg5sola's1 ,conqvi/a delas ,islas ,malvcas1 ,madrid1 #afji4 ,we h be5 able to f9d no subsequ5t record ( ,cuell>4 #ad ,col91 ,i1 pp4 #eja1 #ejg-ad1 #efa-f4 #ae ,p$ro ,*ir9o1 ,prim]a p>te de la ,hi/oria de la prov9cia de ,philip9as de la ,compania de ,ihs1 unpubli%$ ,,ms4 ( #afaj1 f :i* ! pres5t passage 0 quot$ by ,retana1 col4 #be4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! ,,ms4 see ,santiago ,vela1 ,,vi1 p4 #dcen4 ,s*ill+1 p4 #bad1 demon/rates t accord+ to ! orig9al punctuation ! mean+ is t ! fir/ pr9t]s 7 ,villanueva & ,blancas de ,san ,jose1 b ) ! %ift+ ( a semi-colon x c\ld be read to mean t ! fir/ pr9t]s 7 ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,we c see no reason to %ift ! semi-colon1 & h reta9$ x 9 its orig9al place4 #af ,retana1 col4 #bf1 said t he 0 able to f9d no in=mation reg>d+ ,villanueva except = ! li/+ ( 8 "n by ,cano1 p4 #dc1 z hav+ arriv$ 9 ! ,philipp9es at an unkn[n date4 ,! de/ruction ( ! e>ly records ( ! ,augu/9ians :5 ! ,engli% sack$ ,manila 9 #agfb acc\nts = ! paucity ( in=mation1 b !re are a few ref]5ces :i* ?r[ "s little light on ! two ,villanuevas4 ,san ,agu/91 p4 #bab1 says t :5 ,h]r>a sail$ = ,mexico 9 #aefi he left 9 ,cebu only ,p4 ,fr4 ,m>t9 de ,rada & two virtu\s cl]ics1 ! "o nam$ ,juan de ,viv]o1 & ! o!r ,juan de ,villanueva1 :o _h come ) ,felipe de ,salc$o4 ,salc$o _h come back to ,cebu 9 #aeff4 ,francisco ,mor5o1 ,hi/oria de la ,santa ,iglesia ,metropolitana de ,filip9as ha/a #afej1 ,manila1 #ahgg1 p4 #bbf1 /ates t ,villanueva came 9 #aeff1 & di$ %ortly aft] #aefi4 ,san ,antonio1 ,i1 p4 #agc1 writes1 ,ano!r cl]ic 0 ! ,lic5tiate ,don ,juan de ,villanueva1 ( :om ! only ?+ kn[n is t he 0 a *ur*man & liv$ b a %ort "t--& t aft] ! erection ( ! *ur*4 ,?is ref]s to ! f\ndation ( ! *ur* 9 ,manila 9 #aega4 ,( ! o!r ,villanueva our in=mation comes f ,p]ez1 p4 #fc4 #ag ,alonso ,f]n&ez1 ,hi/oria ,eclesia/ica de ,nve/ros ,tiempos1 ,tol$o1 #afaa1 pp4 #cjc-d4 ,! book ref]r$ to "h is call$ ,de los my/]ios del ,ros>io de nue/ra ,s5ora by ,jacques ,quetif & ,jacques ,e*>d1 ,scriptores ,ord9is ,pra$icatorum1 ,p>is1 #agai1 ,,ii1 p4 #cij2 & ,devotion del ,santisimo ,ros>io de la ,bi5av5turada ,virg5 by ,vic5te ,m>ia ,fontana1 ,monvm5ta ,dom9icana1 ,rome1 #afge1 p4 #ehf4 #ah ,f]n&ez1 ,hi/oria de los insignes ,milagros qve la ,mage/ad ,diu9a ha obrado por el ,ros>io santissimo de la ,virg5 sob]ana1 su ,madre1 ,madrid1 #afac1 f4 #baf4 ,i h be5 unable to locate a copy ( ?is book 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b ! passage is pr9t$ 9 ,retana1 ,ap>ato ,bibliografico de la ,hi/oria ,g5]al de ,filip9as1 ,madrid1 #aijf1 ,i1 pp4 #fd-e4 ,x 0 fir/ cit$ 9 mod]n times by ,p$ro ,v9del1 ,catalogo1 ,madrid1 #aijc1 ,,iii1 no4 #bfca4 #ai ,a sket* ( ! life ( ,adu>te 0 add$ to 8 hi/ory by ,goncalez1 ,,ii1 pp4 #cgf-ha1 & a notice also appe>s 9 ,ramon ,m>t9ez-,vigil1 ,la ,ord5 de ,pr$icadores 444 seguidas del ,ensayo de una ,biblio!ca de ,dom9icos ,espanoles1 ,madrid1 #ahhd1 p4 #bbi4 #bj ,adu>te1 ,,ii1 pp4 #ae-ah4 #ba ,artigas1 op4 cit41 pp4 #c-bb1 /resses ! "p play$ by him 9 e/abli%+ pr9t+ & gives mu* in=mation reg>d+ ?is fa!r4 ,!re1 ref]r+ to ! ,acta ,capitulorum ,prov9cialium prov9ciae ,sanctissimi ,ros>ii ,philipp9>um1 ,manila1 #ahgd-gg1 ,artigas traces ! c>e] ( ,blancas de ,san ,jose z foll[s3 9 ,abucay f ,may #bd1 #aeih until ,april #bg1 #afjb2 at ,san ,gabriel 9 ,b9ondo f ,april #bg1 #afjb until ,may #d1 #afjd2 z ,prea*]-,g5]al ( ! ord] at ! ,conv5t ( ,santo ,dom+o 9 ,manila f #afjd to #afjh2 back at ,abucay f ,april #bf1 #afjh until ,may #h1 #afaj2 & at ,san ,gabriel aga9 f ,may #h1 #afaj until ,may #d1 #afad4 #bb ,m$9a1 no4 #h1 p4 #g4 ,a copy ( ?is book & an unique copy ( ! rec5tly discov]$ ,ord9ationes ( #afjd1 see note #abg1 are 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,bo? books are entirely typographical1 & ! ,tagalog 9 ! #afaj volume has be5 translit]at$4 ,^! two & ! pres5t ,doctr9a are1 s f> z ,i h be5 able to f9d out1 ! only ,philipp9e impr9ts be=e #afac 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #bc ,m$9a1 no4 #ad1 p4 #aa4 ,! text 0 writt5 by ,?omas ,p9p91 :o appe>s z ! pr9t] ( ! =m] book1 & a confession>y by ,blancas de ,san ,jose1 :o probably edit$ ! volume1 is includ$4 #bd ,juan ,lopez1 ,qu9ta ,p>te de la ,hi/oria de ,san ,dom+o1 ,valladolid1 #afba1 ff4 #bdf-ea4 #be ,quetif & ,e*>d1 op4 cit41 ,,ii1 p4 #cij4 ,?is same /atem5t 0 made 9 ,antonio de ,leon ,p9elo1 ,epitome de la ,biblioteca ,ori5tal y ,occid5tal1 ,nautica1 y ,geografica 7ed4 ,antonio ,gonzalez de ,b>cia71 ,madrid1 #agcg-ch1 col4 #gcg1 & 0 repr9t$ almo/ ^w = ^w by ,jose ,m>iano ,b]i/a9 y ,s\sa1 ,biblio!ca ,hispano-,am]icana ,sept5trional1 ,mexico1 #ahhc-ig1 ,i1 p4 #agg4 #bf ,a fairly complete biography is giv5 by ,v9aza1 pp4 #aab-g1 :]e he po9ts out t sev]al ( ! major ,jesuit biograph]s h errone\sly /at$ t ,h]vas w5t to ,am]ica "s "t be=e #agfg4 #bg ,lor5zo ,h]vas y ,p&uro1 ,orig9e1 =mazione1 meccanismo1 ed armonia degli' idiomi1 ,ces5a1 #aghe1 p4 #hh4 #bh ,h]vas1 ,saggio ,pratico delle l+ue1 ,con prolegom5i1 e una raccolta di orazioni ,dom9icali 9 piu di trec5to l+ue1 e dialetti1 ,ces5a1 #aghg1 pp4 #abh-i4 ,al?\gh ,s*ill+1 p4 #bjh1 says t ,h]vas _h a copy ( ! #aeic ,doctr9a be=e him1 :i* _h be5 l5t or giv5 by ,b]n>do de la ,fu5te1 ,h]vas m]ely says t he took 8 in=mation f ! be/ docum5ts1 :i* %[$ ! gramm>2 & ! ,tagalog & ,visayan diction>y 7 giv5 me by ,messrs4 ,d4 ,antonio ,tornos & ,d4 ,b]n>do de la ,fu5te4 ,!re is no d\bt1 h[ev]1 b t ,h]vas _h a copy ( ! ,doctr9a1 or accurate & ext5sive transcripts f a copy kn[n to "o ( 8 fri5ds4 #bi ,franz ,c>l ,alt]1 ,ueb] die ,tagalis*e ,spra*e1 ,vi5na1 #ahjc1 p4 vii4 ,alt] speaks ( hav+ _h ext5sive correspond5ce ) ,h]vas4 #cj ,johann ,*ri/oph ,adelung1 ,mi?ridates od] allgeme9e ,spra*5kunde mit dem ,vat] ,uns] als ,spra* probe 9 beynahe fu5fhund]t ,spra*5 und ,mund>t51 ,b]l91 #ahjf1 ,i1 pp4 #fjh-i4 #ca ,b]i/a91 op4 cit41 ,,ii1 p4 #dfd4 ,! fir/ edition 0 publi%$ 9 #ahai-ba1 b we h us$ ! second = our quotations4 #cb ,juan de ,grijalva1 ,cronica de la ord5 de ,n4,p4,s4 ,augu/9 de ,nueva ,espana1 ,mexico1 #afbd1 f4 #aiiv4 #cc ,nicolas ,antonio1 ,biblio!ca ,hispana ,nova1 ,madrid1 #aghc1 ,i1 p4 #gfd4 ,! fir/ edition 0 ,rome1 #afgb1 b ,i c\ld locate no copy 9 ?is c\ntry4 #cd ,san ,agu/91 p4 #ceb4 ,on pp4 #ddc-d ref]r+ to ,grijalva & ,h]r]a1 he says m]ely t ,qu9ones 0 v le>n$ 9 ! ,tagalog language1 & wrote a gramm> & diction>y ( x4 #ce ,he succe$$ 9 le>n+ t language ) su* p]fection t he compos$ a treatise1 z a light & guide = ! new mission>ies1 & a vocabul>y1 ) :i* 9 a %ort "t !y c\ld in/ruct ^? isl&]s 9 ! my/]ies ( ! fai?1 ,m$9a1 p4 xxvii1 assum$ t ?is ref]r$ to ,jose ,sic>do1 ,la ,cri/i&ad del ,japon1 ,madrid1 #afih1 :]e he c\ld f9d no?+ ab\t ,qu9ones1 b ,b]i/a9 cit$ specifically 8 ,hi/orias de ,filip9as y ,japon1 :i* ,santiago ,vela1 ,,vi1 p4 #dda1 ?9ks mu/ be 8 additions to ,grijalva1 includ+ a life ( ,qu9ones1 :i* ,san ,agu/9 us$ & quot$ f4 ,! quotation "h is f ,san ,agu/91 p4 #ddb1 :]e ,sic>do is giv5 z ! s\rce4 #cf ,tomas de ,h]r]a1 ,alphabetvm ,avgv/9ianvm1 ,madrid1 #afdd1 ,i1 p4 #djf1 accord+ to ,p4 ,g41 p4 xxiv4 #cg ,s*ill+1 p4 #bjd4 #ch ,p$ro ,bello1 ,noticia de los escritores y sus obras impresas y manuscritas en dif]5tes idiomas por los religiosos agu/9os calzados ha/a #ahja1 unpubli%$ ,,ms41 f :i* ! citation is giv5 by ,santiago ,vela1 ,,vi1 p4 #dda4 #ci ,p4 ,g41 pp4 xxv-xxvi4 #dj ,m$9a1 p4 xxviii1 :o gives z s\rce ! ,a4 ( ,i4 & ,libro de provisiones reales1 ,madrid1 #aeif1 ,i1 p4 #bca4 ,9 8 note ,m$9a says t ?is c$ula 0 n 9 ! ,recopilacion1 b ref]r+ back to ! note on p4 xxiv1 we f9d t he !re pr9ts a law ( ! same cont5t & date1 cit$ z ,law #c1 ,title ,,xxiv1 ,book #a ( ! ,recopilacion1 :]e we h se5 x1 ) ! extremely significant addition1 x %all n be publi%$1 or pr9t$1 or us$4 ,if ?is phrase 0 n includ$ 9 ! orig9al c$ula s5t to ,manila1 b add$ :5 pr9t$ z apply+ to all ! ,indies1 x is important evid5ce t ! ,k+ felt an admonition aga9/ pr9t+ unnecess>y :]e no facilities = pr9t+ exi/$4 #da ,retana1 col4 #aj1 cit$ f ! orig9al ,,ms4 9 ! ,a4 ( ,i4 7#fh-a-db71 ,torres1 ,,ii1 no4 #cbaa1 p4 #aej4 #db ,san ,antonio1 ,,ii1 p4 #big4 ,?is "w1 treat$ at l5g? by ,san ,antonio1 is pro( ( ! high e/eem 9 :i* ,plas5cia 0 held z a ,tagali/4 ,x 0 incorporat$ 9 a docum5t ( ,gov]nor ,francisco ,tello1 dat$ ,july #ac1 #aeii1 n[ 9 ! ,a4 ( ,i4 7#fg-f-ah71 & fir/ pr9t$ 9 ! app5dix to ,santa ,ines1 ,,ii1 pp4 #eib-fjc1 & translat$ 9 ,b4 ,r41 ,,vii1 pp4 #agc-if4 #dc ,santiago ,vela1 ,,vi1 pp4 #ddb-c4 ,8 /udy ( ! que/ionable ,arte ( #aeha is ! mo/ ?or\gh & detail$ yet writt54 #dd ,s*ill+1 p4 #bje4 #de ,p>do de ,tav]a1 op4 cit41 pp4 #h-i4 ,aft] quot+ ! latt] "p ( ?is passage1 ,m$9a1 p4 xviii1 adds a quizzical note1 ,i want to cite ! op9ion ( s di/+ui%$ a /ud5t ( ! ,philipp9es because x %[s h[ tangl$ & confus$ is ! in=mation conc]n+ ! primitive ,philipp9e press1 ev5 among m5 be/ in=m$ on ! subject4 #df ,m$9a1 nos4 #a & #b1 p4 #c4 #dg ,m$9a1 p4 xix4 #dh ,retana _h publi%$ _m ( 8 f9d+s 9 ,la ,politico de ,espana en ,filip9as1 ,madrid1 #ahia-ih2 9 8 edition ( ,joaqu9 ,m>t9ez de ,zuniga1 ,e/adismo de las ,islas ,filip9as1 ,madrid1 #ahic2 & 9 ! ,ar*ivo del ,bibli(ilo ,filip9o1 ,madrid1 #ahie-ig4 #di ,retana1 cols4 #g-h4 ,we %all speak ( ,juan de ,v]a lat]4 #ej ,?omas ,cooke ,middleton1 ,"s ,notes on ! ,bibliography ( ! ,philipp9es1 ,philadelphia1 #aijj1 pp4 #cb-cc4 #ea ,p>do de ,tav]a1 ,biblioteca ,filip9a1 ,wa%+ton1 #aijc1 pp4 #i-aj4 #eb ,m$9a1 ,la ,impr5ta en ,manila desde sus ,orig5es ha/a #ahaj ,adiciones y ,ampliacones1 ,santiago de ,*ile1 #aijd4 #ec ,p4 ,g41 pp4 xxi-xxvi4 #ed ,b4 ,r41 ,,liii1 p4 #aa4 #ee ,artigas1 op4 cit4 ,he admitt$ t ! celebration %\ld h be5 held 9 #aijb4 #ef ,retana1 ,orig5es de la ,impr5ta ,filip9a1 ,madrid1 #aiaa4 ,retana _h also publi%$ betwe5 #ahig & #aiaa sev]al o!r books :i* conta9$ "s in=mation ab\t ! e>ly ,philipp9e press1 ! ,ap>ato ,bibliografico 9 #aijf & 8 edition ( ,morga 9 #aiji1 bo? ( :i* h already be5 cit$4 #eg ,antonio ,palau y ,dulcet1 ,manuel del ,libr]o ,hispano-,am]icano1 ,b>celona1 #aibc-cg1 ,,iii1 p4 #gb4 #eh ,s*ill+1 op4 cit4 #ei ,*ir9o1 p4 #c1 writes t he 0 ! fir/ :o made conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity 9 ! ,philipp9es1 prea*+ to !m ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 _! own tongue--( :i* he made ! fir/ vocabul>y1 :i* ,i h se5 & /udi$2 & ,juan de ,m$9a 7:o orig9ally wrote 8 hi/ory 9 #afcj71 p4 #ed1 says t 9 visit+ ,cebu 9 #afab he saw a lexicon !re1 compil$ by ,fa!r ,fray ,m>t9 de ,rada1 :i* conta9$ a great numb] ( words4 ,grijalva1 op4 cit41 f4 #abd,v1 writes t ,rada by ! =ce ( 8 imag9ative & excell5t ability le>n$ ! ,visayan language1 z he _h le>n$ ! ,otomi 9 ?is l& ,mexico1 s t he c\ld prea* 9 x 9 five mon?s4 #fj ,p]ez1 p4 #e4 #fa ,juan ,gonzalez de ,m5doza1 ,! ,hi/orie ( ! great & mightie k+dom ( ,*9a 444 ,translat$ out ( ,spani% by ,r4 ,p>ke1 ,london1 #aehh1 p4 #ach4 ,! orig9al edition ( #aehe said he made an arte y vocabul>io4 ,we mu/ take ! phrase 9 few daies 9 a comp>ative s5se1 b t an ,augu/9ian1 probably ,rada1 knew "s ,*9ese z e>ly z ,july #cj1 #aegd is %[n by a lett] f ,gov]nor ,lavez>is to ! ,k+ f ,manila1 s5d+ him a map ( ! :ole l& ( ,*9a1 ) an explanation :i* ,i _h "s ,*9ese int]pret]s make ?r\gh ! aid ( an ,augu/9ian religi\s :o is acqua9t$ ) ! elem5ts ( ! ,*9ese language1 ,b4 ,r41 ,,iii1 p4 #bhd1 f ! orig9al ,,ms4 9 ! ,a4 ( ,i4 7#fg-f-f71 ,torres1 ,,ii1 no4 #ahfh1 p4 #aj-aa4 ,antonio de ,leon ,p9elo1 ,epitome de la ,biblioteca ,ori5tal i ,occid5tal1 ,nautica i ,geographica1 ,madrid1 #afbi1 p4 #ca1 also records ,rada's ,*9ese gramm> & diction>y4 ,santiago ,vela1 ,,vi1 pp4 #ddd-fj1 gives a full hi/ory ( ,rada & 8 writ+s4 ,he w5t to ,*9a a second "t 9 ,may #aegf1 & 9 #aegh accompani$ ,la ,s&e on 8 exp$ition to ,borneo1 dy+ on ! way back to ,manila 9 ,june ( t ye>4 #fb ,gonzalez de ,m5doza1 op4 cit41 pp4 #ajc-e4 #fc ,diego ,ordonez ,viv> came to ! ,philipp9es 9 #aegj1 fill$ v>i\s m9i/ries !re1 & accord+ to ,agu/9 ,m>ia de ,ca/ro 0 9 ,japan 9 #aeig1 :]e he witness$ ! m>tyrdom ( ! ,franciscans2 he di$ 9 #afjc1 ,p]ez1 p4 #aj4 ,juan de ,m$9a1 p4 #gd1 says1 ,fa!r ,diego de ,ordonez le>n$ ?is language ,tagalog v quickly4 ,alonso ,alvatado _h be5 on ! unsuccessful #aedb exp$ition ( ,villalobos1 & return$ to ! ,philipp9es 9 #aega4 ,p]ez1 p4 #aa1 records t he became famili> ) ! ,tagalog language1 0 ! fir/ prior ( ,tondo1 m9i/]$ to ! ,*9ese !re1 & 0 ! fir/ ,spani>d to le>n ! ,m&>9 dialect4 ,he 0 elect$ prov9cial 9 #aege1 & di$ at ,manila ! foll[+ ye>4 ,j]onimo ,m>9 came to ! isl&s ) ,alv>ado1 acquir$ skill 9 ! ,visayan1 ,tagalog & ,*9ese languages1 accompani$ ,rada on 8 fir/ exp$ition to ,*9a1 0 9 ,tondo 9 #aegh1 & lat] return$ to ,spa9 to recruit new mission>ies = ! prov9ce1 dy+ 9 ,mexico 9 #afjf1 ,p]ez1 pp4 #aa-ab4 #fd ,cano1 p4 #ab4 ,santiago ,vela1 ,i1 p4 #he1 expresses ! op9ion t ,cano's /atem5t 0 an ov]5?usiasm1 & is n valid4 #fe ,retana1 col4 #i4 #ff ,juan de ,m$9a1 p4 #aef4 #fg ,santiago ,vela1 ,i1 p4 #he1 :]e he cites ! fir/ book ( ! ,gobi]no ( ! ,augu/9ian prov9ce4 #fh ,santiago ,vela1 ,i1 pp4 #hd-f treats ( ! :ole "q 9 detail4 #fi ,a ,doctr9a 9 ,tagalog1 attribut$ to ,alburqu]que by ,agu/9 ,m>ia de ,ca/ro 9 8 unpubli%$ ,os>io1 is said by ,santiago ,vela1 ,i1 p4 #he1 to h be5 arrang$ & p]fect$ by ,qu9ones1 & 0 probably t pres5t$ by him to ! ,synod ( #aehb1 if inde$ he did pres5t su* a "w !n4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! ,,ms4 ,os>io1 see ,s*ill+1 p4 #bjen4 #gj ,p]ez1 p4 #bjn1 quotes ,vic5te ,b>rantes1 ,el teatro tagalo1 ,madrid1 #ahij1 p4 #agj1 z say+ t accord+ to ! ,augu/9ian writ]s ,alburqu]que compil$ an ,arte de la ,l5gua ,tagala betwe5 #aegj & #aehj1 ! manuscript ( :i* disappe>$ :5 ! ,engli% sack$ ,manila 9 #agfb4 ,x may be t ,b>rantes ref]r$ to ,cano or possibly ,ca/ro1 b x mu/ be emphasiz$ t no contempor>y hi/orian1 z f> z has be5 discov]$ up to ?is "t1 has made su* a /atem5t4 #ga ,qu9ones came to ! ,philipp9es 9 #aegg & sp5t 8 "t 9 missions 9 & ab\t ,manila4 ,he 0 nam$ prior ( ,manila 9 #aehf1 & prov9cial vic> 9 #aehg 9 :i* ye> he di$1 ,p]ez1 p4 #ai1 & ,santiago ,vela1 ,,vi1 pp4 #dcc-d4 #gb ,aga9 ,ca/ro1 z cit$ by ,santiago ,vela1 ,,vi1 p4 #dce1 is ! only au?ority = ?is1 al?\gh ,san ,agu/91 p4 #cia1 li/s ,qu9ones' "n among ^? pres5t at ! ,synod4 #gc ,san ,agu/91 p4 #cha4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ?is /atem5t is 9 direct contradiction to ^? we %all cite lat] 9 connection ) ! controv]sy betwe5 ! ,augu/9ians & ,dom9icans ov] ! ,*9ese m9i/ry4 ,! conv5t at ,tondo _h be5 f\nd$ 9 #aega1 s ,san ,agu/9 "h mu/ ref] specifically to ! ,*9ese mission4 #gd ,p]ez1 p4 #bb4 #ge ,p]ez1 p4 #bi4 #gf ,hu]ta1 pp4 #ddc #ejj-ja4 ,9 #aehj1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,plas5cia1 ,talav]a took ! habit ( ! ,franciscan ord] & prea*$ ?r\gh\t ! ,philipp9es until 8 dea? 9 #afaf4 ,hu]ta li/s six works 9 ,tagalog by him1 all ( !m devotion>y tracts1 ! la/ ( :i* he notes 0 pr9t$ at ,manila 9 #afag1 & is li/$ by ,m$9a1 no4 #bj1 pp4 #ad-e4 ,8 works are also record$ by ,leon ,p9elo1 op4 cit41 #agcg-ch1 ,,ii1 f4 #iair4 #gg ,santa ,ines 7writt5 orig9ally 9 #afgf71 p4 #baa4 ,virtually ! same in=mation is giv5 by ,san ,antonio1 ,i1 pp4 #ecb-c #efc4 #gh ,juan de la ,concepcion1 ,hi/oria g5]al de ,philip9as1 ,manila1 #aghh-ib1 ,,ii1 pp4 #de-f4 ,s*ill+1 p4 #bjcn1 ma9ta9s t ! e>ly writ]s 7 mi/ak5 9 believ+ t ! ,synod 0 held 9 #aeha4 ,on ,octob] #af1 #aeha ! ,bi%op call$ a meet+ ( t5 prie/s at ! ,conv5t ( ,tondo to discuss ! execution ( ! decree ab\t slaves1 ,torres1 ,,ii1 pp4 cxliv-v4 ,no laym5 7 pres5t & no o!r topic 0 discuss$4 ,! decisions ( ?is meet+ 7 s5t 9 a lett] f ,salaz> to ! ,k+1 dat$ f ,tondo1 ,octob] #ag1 #aeha1 translat$ 9 ,b4 ,r41 ,,xxxiv1 pp4 #cbe-ca1 f ! orig9al ,,ms4 9 ! ,a4 ( ,i4 7#fh-a-db71 ,torres1 ,,ii1 no4 #bfhf1 p4 #ie4 ,! foll[+ ye> a real ,synod 0 held1 ?is "t includ+ lay gov]nm5t (ficials z well z prie/s1 at :i* 0 discuss$ a v>iety ( subjects4 ,rob]t ,/reit1 ,biblio!ca ,missionum1 ,aa*51 #aibh1 ,,iv1 pp4 #cbg-ca1 cites a ,,ms4 acc\nt ( x by ! ,jesuit fa!r ,san*ez :o 0 pres5t2 & ,val5t9 ,m>91 ,ensayo de una ,s9tesis de los trabajos realizados por las ,corporaciones ,religiosas ,espanoles de ,filip9as1 ,manila1 #aija1 ,i1 pp4 #aib et seqq41 cites ano!r ,,ms41 !n 9 ! ,ar*ives ( ! ,ar*iepiscopal ,palace ( ,manila1 ,memoria de una junta que se hizo a man]a de concilio el ano de #aehb1 p>a d> asi5to a las cosas tocantes al aum5to de la fe1 y ju/ificacion de las conqui/as he*as y que adelante se hici]on por los espanoles1 f :i* he quotes ext5sively4 ,) ref]5ce to ! ,synod see fur!r ,lor5zo ,p]ez1 ,orig5 de las ,misiones ,franciscanas en el extremo ori5te1 9 ,ar*ivo ,ib]o-,am]icano1 #aiae1 ,,iii1 pp4 #chf-djj4 #gi ,santa ,ines1 p4 #bab4 ,aga9 simil> acc\nts are to be f\nd 9 ,san ,antonio1 ,i1 pp4 #efc-f1 9 f> m detail & phras$ 9 ev5 m laudatory t]ms1 & ! fulle/ e>ly biography ( ,plas5cia is giv5 by ,san ,antonio1 ,,ii1 pp4 #eab-gi4 ,mod]n surveys appe> 9 ,m>91 op4 cit41 ,,ii1 pp4 #egc-hb1 & ,lor5zo ,p]ez1 op4 cit41 pp4 #cgh et seqq4 #hj ,*ir9o1 ,prim]a p>te1 quot$ by ,retana1 col4 #bd1 impli$ t ,qu9ones & ,plas5cia wrote at ab\t ! same "t3 ,! fir/ :o wrote 9 ^! languages 71 9 ,visayan1 ,p4 ,fr4 ,m>t9 de ,rada1 & 9 ,tagalog1 ,fr4 ,juan de ,qu9ones1 bo? ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & at ! same "t ,fr4 ,juan de ,oliv] & ,fr4 ,juan de ,plas5cia ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis1 ( :om ! latt] began fir/1 b ! =m] wrote _m m ?+s & v useful ones4 ,h[ev]1 ,san ,antonio1 ,i1 p4 #ecb1 wrote p]haps ) bias 9 favor ( 8 own ord]1 ,al?\gh ! ,augu/9ian fa!rs _h come e>li] & did n lack prie/s flu5t 9 ! idiom1 ! language _h n yet be5 r$uc$ to a gramm>1 s t x c\ld be le>n$ by common grammatical rules1 nor 0 !re a g5]al vocabul>y ( spee*2 except t ea* "o _h 8 own notes1 to make himself und]/ood1 & ev]y?+ 0 unsy/ematiz$4 #ha ,entrada de la s]aphica ,religion de nue/ro ,p4 ,s4 ,francisco en las ,islas ,philip9as1 ,,ms4 ( #afdi1 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,retana1 ,ar*ivo1 ,i1 no4 ,,iii1 translat$ 9 ,b4 ,r41 ,,xxxv1 p4 #caa4 #hb ,m$9a1 p4 #ae1 quot+ f ,m>t9ez :om we are unable to trace4 #hc ,hu]ta1 pp4 #dib-c4 ,oliv] di$ 9 #aeii4 ,san ,antonio1 ,,ii1 p4 #eca1 says t ,plas5cia 0 ! fir/ to write a cate*ism 7call$ 9 ,tagalog ,tocsohan71 & ,oliv] 0 ! fir/ to translate ! explanation ( ! ,doctr9a4 ,oliv]'s works are not$ by ,leon ,p9elo1 op4 cit41 #agcg-ch1 ,,ii1 col4 #gcj1 & ,b>rantes1 op4 cit41 p4 #ahg4 #hd ,seba/ian de ,totanes1 ,arte de la ,l5gua ,tagala1 ,manila1 #ahej1 p4 v1 7fir/ edition pr9t$ 9 #agde7 says ( ,oliv] t up to ! pres5t day our prov9ce rev]es him z ! fir/ ma/] ( ?is idiom4 #he ,see note #db4 #hf ,hu]ta1 p4 #eag4 ,no?+ is kn[n ( ,diego de la ,asuncion except t he wrote five works 9 ,tagalog includ+ an ,arte & ,diccion>io4 ,hu]ta 0 unable to f9d any record ( him 9 ! mission li/s1 ! capitul>ies or ! dea? records1 b t he 0 9 ! ,philipp9es be=e #afdi we c be sure ( f ! notice ( him 9 ! manuscript ( t date4 #hg ,hu]ta1 p4 #die4 ,montes y ,escamilla came to ! isl&s 9 #aehc & rema9$ !re until 8 dea? 9 #afaj4 ,five works 9 ,tagalog are attribut$ to him1 an ,arte1 ,diccion>io1 ,confesion>io1 ,devocional tagalog1 & a ,guia de ,pecadores4 ,! ,devocional is li/$ by ,m$9a1 no4 #af1 p4 #ab4 #hh ,pablo ,rojo1 ,fr4 ,juan de ,plas5cia1 ,escritor1 ,app5dix #c ( ,santa ,ines1 ,,ii1 p4 #eij4 ,an e>ly ref]5ce by ,f]n&ez1 ,hi/oria ,eclesia/ica1 p4 #cjj1 speak+ ( ! ,franciscan mission>y successes among ! natives1 says1 ,!y le>n$ ! ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana :i* ! prie/s translat$ into ,tagalog4 #hi ,rojo1 9 ,santa ,ines1 ,,ii1 pp4 #eij-a1 says t ! ,doctr9a !n be+ us$ among ! ,tagalogs 0 ! same z t writt5 by ,plas5cia except = mod]nization 9 accordance ) ! *anges :i* _h tak5 place 9 ! language s9ce 8 "t4 #ij ,m$9a1 no4 #ae1 p4 #aa4 #ia ,*ir9o1 p4 #ad4 #ib ,col91 ,,ii1 p4 #cbe4 #ic ,*ir9o1 p4 #bg4 #id ,*ir9o1 *aps4 ,,xv-,,xvii1 pp4 #cd-da4 #ie ,on ,may #ac1 #aegi1 ,philip ,,ii wrote to ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,philipp9es1 ,fray ,dom+o de ,salaz>1 ( ! ,dom9ican ord]1 & bi%op ( ! said isl&s1 has report$ to u t he is go+ to reside 9 ^! isl&s2 & t he w take ) him religi\s ( 8 ord] to f\nd mona/]ies1 & to take *>ge ( ! conv]sion & in/ruction ( ! natives1 ,b4 ,r41 ,,iv1 p4 #ada1 translat$ f ! orig9al ,,ms4 9 ! ,ar*ivo-,hi/orico ,nacional1 ,c$ul>io indico1 t4 #ca1 f4 #acb,v1 no4 #ace4 ,twelve ( ! tw5ty :o set out f ,europe ) ,salaz> di$ be=e rea*+ ,mexico1 & ! o!rs 7 s sick t all b "o rema9$ !re1 s :5 ,salaz> l&$ at ,manila 9 ,m>* #aeha he 0 accompani$ by tw5ty ,augu/9ians1 eight ,franciscans1 & only "o ,dom9ican1 ,*ri/oval de ,salvati]ra4 #if ,= ^! & o!r g5]al facts ,i h us$ ,adu>te & ,remesal :]e !y are support$ by ! o!r hi/orians1 ,juan de la ,concepcion1 ,san ,antonio1 ,san ,agu/91 ,juan de ,m$9a & ,santa ,ines4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ,remesal ackn[l$g$ z 8 s\rce = mu* ( ! mat]ial on ! ,philipp9es ! unpubli%$ ,,ms4 hi/ory ( ! ,franciscan1 ,francisco de ,montilla4 ,! fifte5 ,dom9icans 7 ,juan de ,ca/ro1 ,alonso ,xim5ez1 ,miguel de ,b5avides1 ,p$ro ,bolanos1 ,b]n>do ,nav>ro1 ,diego de ,soria1 ,juan de ,ca/ro ! y\ng]1 ,m>cos ,soria de ,san ,antonio1 ,juan de ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr 7or ,maldonado71 ,juan ,ormaza de ,santo ,tomas1 ,p$ro de ,soto1 ,juan de la ,cruz1 ,gregorio de ,o*oa1 ,dom+o de ,nieva1 & ,p$ro ,rodriguez4 #ig ,by a bull ( ,octob] #bj1 #aehb ,pope ,gregory ,,xiii confirm$ ! appo9tm5t already obta9$ f ,pablo ,con/able de ,f]r>a1 ,g5]al ( ! ,dom9ican ,ord]1 mak+ ,juan ,*riso/omo vic>-g5]al ( ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s & ,*9a1 & giv+ him au?ority to e/abli% a prov9ce !re1 ,b4 ,r41 ,v1 pp4 #aii--bjj1 translat$ f ,h]naez1 ,coleccion de bulas1 ,brussels1 #ahgi1 ,i1 p4 #ebg1 :]e x is pr9t$ f ! orig9al ,,ms4 9 ! ,vatican1 ,bul>4 ,dom41 t4 #ae1 p4 #dab4 #ih ,9 #aehj ! ,dom9icans ( ,mexico _h begun plans = ! e/abli%m5t ( a prov9ce 9 ! ,ori5t1 & s5t ,juan ,*riso/omo to ,europe to obta9 ! necess>y p]mission f lay & ecclesia/ical au?orities4 ,! ,jesuit ,alonso ,san*ez1 :o _h be5 s5t to ,spa9 to expla9 ! situation 9 ! ,philipp9es1 0 at c\rt1 & told ! ,k+ & ,c\ncil ( ! ,indies--q subv]t+ 8 mission--t !re 0 no ne$ = m prie/s & p>ticul>ly no ne$ = a new ord] !re4 ,*riso/omo 0 disc\rag$1 b ! s*eme 0 revivifi$ by ,juan de ,ca/ro :o f9ally secur$ a lett] f ,philip ,,ii on ,septemb] #bj1 #aehe endors+ ! plan4 ,tw5ty-two volunte]s sail$ f ,spa9 on ,july #ag1 #aehf4 ,9 ,mexico ! ,dom9icans aga9 f\nd ,san*ez propag&iz+ aga9/ ! mission & also enc\nt]$ ! ef=ts ( ! ,vic]oy to p]suade ! fri>s to rema9 !re4 ,not)/&+1 tw5ty fri>s subscrib$ to a set ( ord9ances at ! ,conv5t ( ,santo ,dom+o 9 ,mexico on ,decemb] #ag1 #aehf4 ,( ! tw5ty1 fifte5 w5t to ! ,philipp9es1 ?ree w5t directly to ,*9a1 & ,juan ,*riso/omo1 :o 0 ill & weak1 & ,juan ,cobo1 :o _h bus9ess !re1 /ay$ beh9d 9 ,mexico4 #ii ,adu>te1 ,i1 p4 #i4 #ajj ,adu>te1 ,i1 p4 #gj4 #aja ,juan ,cobo _h /ay$ beh9d 9 ,mexico on bus9ess1 & dur+ 8 /ay _h be5 s mov$ by ! sc&als ( ! gov]nm5t !re t he prea*$ publicly aga9/ !m1 z a result ( :i* he 0 bani%$ by ! ,vic]oy4 ,he br\ght ) him f ,mexico a fell[-re=m] & exile1 ,luis ,g&ullo1 & f\r o!r recruits = ! ,philipp9e mission4 #ajb ,^! are pr9t$ 9 ! ,ord9ationes ( #afjd1 see note #abg1 & by ,remesal1 pp4 #fgg--h1 :o says t ^! ord9ances 7 pr9t$ 9 z f9e *>act]s & z correctly z if 9 ,rome or ,lyon1 by ,francisco de ,v]a1 a ,*9ese ,*ri/ian1 9 ! t[n ( ,b9ondo 9 ! ye> #afjd ?r\gh ! dilig5ce ( ,fr4 ,miguel ,m>t94 #ajc ,sangley1 a t]m us$ by ! natives to designate ,*9ese1 0 d]iv$ f ! ,cantonese hiang 7or xiang7 & ley mean+ a travell+ m]*ant4 ,x 0 adopt$ by ! ,spani>ds & 9 mo/ in/ances us$ int]*angeably ) ,*9ese4 ,if any di/9ction exi/$ x 0 t a ,sangley 0 a p]man5t resid5t ( ! ,philipp9es--q contr>y to ! d]ivation ( ! ^w--or a ,*9ese ( p>tially native blood4 ,see ,san ,agu/91 p4 #bec4 #ajd ,p>ticul>ly ! ,memorial to ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,indies s5t ) ,san*ez1 ,april #bj1 #aehf1 translat$ 9 ,b4 ,r41 ,,vi1 pp4 #afg-h1 f ! orig9al ,,ms4 9 ! ,a4 ( ,i4 7#a-a-b_/bd71 ,torres1 ,,ii1 no4 #cbhi1 p4 #aei4 #aje ,b4 ,r41 ,,vii1 pp4 #acj-a1 translat$ f ! orig9al ,,ms4 9 ! ,a4 ( ,i4 7#fg-f-ah71 ,torres1 ,,iii1 no4 #ceef1 pp4 #ae-f4 ,see ! /atem5t ( ,san ,agu/9 quot$ on p4 #bb1 :i* gives ! irreconcil$ ,augu/9ian view4 ,mo/ ( ! contempor>y witnesses1 h[ev]1 seem to agree ) ! ,dom9icans4 #ajf ,b4 ,r41 ,,vii1 pp4 #bbj-c1 translat$ f ,retana1 ,ar*ivo1 ,,iii1 pp4 #dg-hj1 & !re pr9t$ f ! orig9al ,,ms4 9 ! ,a4 ( ,i4 7#fh-a-cb71 ,torres1 ,,iii1 no4 #cfih1 p4 #cb4 #ajg ,remesal1 pp4 #fha-b4 #ajh ,b4 ,r41 ,,vii1 pp4 #bbc-e1 z 9 note #ajf4 #aji ,m>t9ez-,vigil1 op4 cit41 p4 #bdf1 li/s z writt5 by ,b5avides a ,vocabul>ium s95se facillimum1 & ,v9aza1 p4 #ag1 cites 8 entry4 #aaj ,s*ill+1 p4 #baj1 says t 9 8 lett] ,cobo himself record$ t ,b5avides wrote ! fir/ ,*9ese cate*ism 9 ! ,philipp9es4 ,he does n h[ev] diff]5tiate betwe5 writ+ 9 ,*9ese *>act]s & writ+ translit]at$ ,*9ese1 & moreov] hizo doctr9a may only mean t he taught ! doctr9e1 n necess>ily t he wrote "o4 #aaa ,b4 ,r41 ,,vii1 p4 #bch1 z 9 note #ajf4 #aab ,adu>te1 ,i1 p4 #adj4 #aac ,adu>te1 ,i1 p4 #adj1 says1 be=e ! previ\sly quot$ passage1 t ,cobo put ! ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana 9 ! ,*9ese language1 & ,v9aza1 pp4 #ag-bc1 li/s sev5 books by him1 includ+ ! fam\s translation ( ! ,*9ese classic1 ,b5g-,sim-,po-,cam1 ! orig9al ,,ms4 ( :i*1 ) an introductory epi/le by ,b5avides1 dat$ f ,madrid1 ,decemb] #bc1 #aeie1 is 9 ! ,biblioteca ,nacional at ,madrid2 an ,arte de las letras *9as2 ,vocabul>io *9o2 ,catecismo o doctr9a *ri/iana en *9o2 7cit$ f ,leon ,p9elo1 op4 cit41 #agcg-ch1 ,i1 col4 #adb72 ,tratado de a/ronomia en *9o2 ,l+uae s9ica ad c]tam revocata me?odum 7call$ by ,m>t9ez-,vigil1 op4 cit41 p4 #bfc1 ! fir/ works or "w on ! ,*9ese language72 & ,s5t5tiae plures1 exc]pt$ f v>i\s ,*9ese books4 ,see also ,b]i/a91 op4 cit41 ,i1 p4 #caf1 & ,quetif & ,e*>d1 op4 cit41 ,,ii1 pp4 #cjf-g4 #aad ,adu>te1 ,i1 p4 #abb4 #aae ,f]n&ez1 ,hi/oria ,eclesia/ica1 p4 #cjd1 ,9 ! ,*9ese language & lett]s1 ,p4 ,fr4 ,dom+o de ,nieva1 ( ,san ,pablo ( ,valladolid1 pr9t$ a memorial ( ! ,*ri/ian life2 & ,p4 ,fray ,tomas ,mayor1 ( ! prov9ce ( ,aragon1 f ! ,conv5t & ,college ( ,orihuela1 ! ,symbol ( ,fai?4 ,9 8 ,hi/oria de los ,insignes ,milagros1 f4 #bag1 ,f]n&ez /ates t bo? ^! works 7 pr9t$ at ,bataan4 ,s9ce ,mayor did n arrive 9 ! isl&s until #afjb 8 "w is n p]t95t to ! pres5t discussion4 ,mayor's book 0 se5 b inadequately describ$ by ,jose ,rodriguez1 ,biblioteca ,val5t9a1 #agdg1 p4 #djf1 f a copy !n 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,dom9ican ,conv5t at ,val5cia1 b n[ lo/4 ,m$9a records x "u ! ye> #afjg1 no4 #f1 p4 #f4 ,see also ,leon ,p9elo1 op4 cit41 #agcg--ch1 ,,ii1 f4 #iair1 & ,antonio1 op4 cit41 ,i1 p4 #ccj4 #aaf ,adu>te1 ,i1 p4 #cdb4 #aag ,m$9a1 nos4 #cii-djb1 pp4 #bfa-b4 #aah ,adu>te1 ,i1 pp4 #bee-h4 ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr mov$ back & =? a good deal4 ,! fir/ ye> 9 ! ,philipp9es he 0 ) ,b5avides at ,baybay2 ! second ye> he 0 9 ,pangas9an4 ,9 #aeij he 0 ord]$ to ! ,*9ese mission 9 ,cobo's place by ,ca/ro be=e he left = ,*9a4 ,:5 ,ca/ro got back & ,cobo c\ld resume 8 old /ation1 ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr w5t to ! vic>iate ( ,bataan ! language ( :i* he le>n$ v well1 & :5 ,cobo left = ,japan 9 #aeib1 ,san ,p$ro ,m>tyr w5t back to ,san ,gabriel4 #aai ,adu>te1 ,i1 p4 #cbc4 #abj ,remesal1 p4 #fhc4 #aba ,see ,h]mann ,huelle1 ,ueb] d5 alt5 *9esis*5 ,typ5druck und se9e ,entzvicklung 9 d5 ,la5d]n des ,f]n5 ,o/5s1 ,n4,p41 #aibc2 ,?omas ,francis ,c>t]1 ,! ,inv5tion ( ,pr9t+ 9 ,*9a & its ,spread ,we/w>d1 ,new ,york1 #aibe2 & ,cyrus ,h4 ,peake1 ,! orig9 & developm5t ( pr9t+ 9 ,*9a 9 ! light ( rec5t rese>*1 9 ! ,gut5b]g-,jahrbu* #aice1 ,x1 pp4 #i-ag4 #abb ,b4 ,r41 ,,vii1 pp4 #bbf1 z 9 note #ajf4 #abc ,adu>te1 ,,ii1 pp4 #ae-ah4 #abd ,m$9a1 p4 xix1 suppos$ t ! ,doctr9a 0 pr9t$ 9 ! ,hospital ( ,san ,gabriel 9 ,m9ondoc1 b ,adu>te1 ,i1 p4 #ajg1 says t :5 ! village ( ,baybay became ov]cr[d$1 x became necess>y to spread ! ,*9ese ,*ri/ian settlem5t to a new site directly across ! riv]1 :]e l& 0 giv5 !m by ,don ,luis ,p]ez ,dasm>9as1 ! son & successor ( ,gomez ,p]ez ,dasm>9as1 & !re a second *ur* ( ,san ,gabriel 0 built4 ,accord+ to an inscription on a pa9t+ ( ,don ,luis1 exhibit$ at ! ,/4 ,l\is ,fair ( #aijd & illu/rat$ 9 ,b4 ,r41 ,,xxx1 p4 #bbh1 he b\ght ! l& f ,don ,antonio ,velada on ,m>* #bh1 #aeid1 s t ,san ,gabriel ( ,m9ondoc c\ld n h be5 ! place :]e ! #aeic volumes 7 pr9t$4 ,m>91 op4 cit41 ,,ii1 p4 #fag1 says t ,san ,gabriel 0 mov$ sev]al ye>s aft] its f\ndation to ,b9ondo at ! reque/ ( ! city1 & 0 rebuilt twice4 ,x is app>5t t ,san ,gabriel 9 ! ,p>ian 0 ab&on$ aft] ! *ur* 9 ,b9ondo 0 built4 #abe ,juan de ,v]a 0 probably a comp>atively common "n at ?is "t1 because ^u baptism ! natives & ,*9ese assum$ any ,spani% "n !y pleas$1 & s9ce ,santiago de ,v]a 0 gov]nor f #aehd to #aeij1 8 la/ "n w\ld h be5 v popul>4 ,adu>te1 ,i1 p4 #hf1 m5tions an ,indian *ief1 ,don ,juan de ,v]a1 :o help$ ! ,dom9icans 9 ,pangas9an1 & ,retana1 col4 #bc1 quotes f a docum5t s5t by ! ,audi5cia ( ! ,philipp9es to ! ,k+1 ,augu/ #aa1 #afbj1 ! appo9tm5ts z (ficial int]pret]s ( "o ,juan de ,v]a on ,june #ae1 #aeih1 & ! same or ano!r ,juan de ,v]a on ,octob] #i1 #afac4 #abf ,adu>te1 ,i1 p4 #ajh4 #abg ,! title-page ( ?is unique book is z foll[s3 r[ ( type ornam5ts _/ ,ord9ationes ,g5]ales _/ pr\9ciae ,sanctissimi ,ros>ij _/ type ornam5t ,philipp9>um4 type ornam5t _/ ,factae p] admodum ,reu]5dum patrem fratrem _/ ,ioanem de ,ca/ro1 primum vic>ium g5]alem e- _/ iusdem pr\9tiae4 ,de consilio1 vnanimi con _/ s5su omnium frattu1 qui primit#i 9 pro _/ u9tiam illam se contul]unt1 euan _/ geliz&i gratia4_/ ,sunt que semp] vsque 9 hodi]num diem 9 om- _/ nibus eiusdem pr\9tiae capitulis infalibilit] _/ acceptatae1 inuiolabilit] ab omnibus _/ fratribus obs]u&ae4 _/ ,b9ondoc1 p] ,ioannem de ,v]a *9a _/ ,*ri/ianum4 ,cum lic5tia4 #afjd4 _/ r[ ( type ornam5ts4 ,! volume1 an octavo b\nd 9 m>oon levant morocco by ,sangorski & ,sutcliffe1 consi/s ( eight leaves1 z foll[s3 title-page z above1 on ! v]so ! p]mission sign$ at ,manila1 ,june #bd1 #afjd1 by ,fr4 ,miguel ,m>t9 de ,san ,jac9to1 prior prov9cial ( ! ,dom9ican ,prov9ce ( ! ,philipp9es2 ! text ( ! ord9ances 9 ,lat9 on elev5 pages1 ) ! device ( ! ,dom9ican ord] on ! v]so ( ! la/ page2 blank4 #abh ,see note #ajb4 #abi ,m$9a1 ,adiciones y ,ampliacixones1 p4 #e4 #acj ,retana1 cols4 #gg-h1 :]e he gives z 8 s\rce ,hil>io ,ocio1 ,res5a biografica de los religiosos de la prov9cia del ,santisimo ,ros>io de ,filip9as1 ,manila1 #ahia1 ,i1 p4 #fc4 ,ocio did n cite ,remesal z 8 s\rce1 b ! in=mation1 includ+ ! pr9t]'s "n z ,francisco de ,v]a1 is ! same4 #aca ,bo? title-pages are reproduc$ 9 ,francisco ,v9del1 ,manual ,graphico-,descriptivo del ,bibli(ilo ,hispano-,am]icano1 ,madrid1 #aicj--cd1 ,,ix1 p4 #bb1 & ,,vii1 p4 #aha respectively4