,,prea*+ ,,& ,,paganism   ,,by  ,,alb]t 
,,p>k] ,,fit*  ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,!       
,,hi/ory ,,( ,,religion ,,9 ,,amh]/     
,,college   ,,works ,,by ,,! ,,same     
,,au?or   ,,! ,,college ,,c\rse ,,& ,,! 
,,prep>ation ,,= ,,life  ,,c ,,! ,,*ur* 
,,survive ,,9 ,,! ,,*ang+ ,,ord]8       
,,publi%$ ,,on ,,! ,,f\ndation          
,,e/abli%$ ,,9 ,,memory ,,( ,,james     
,,wesley ,,coop] ,,( ,,! ,,class ,,(    
#ahfe1 ,,yale ,,college  ,,!            
,,=ty-,,six? ,,s]ies ,,( ,,! ,,lyman    
,,bee*] ,,lecture%ip ,,on ,,prea*+ ,,9  
,,yale ,,univ]sity   ,,new ,,hav5 ,,yale
 ,,univ]sity ,,press ,,mdccccxx         
,,copyright1 #aibj1 ,,by ,,yale         
,,univ]sity ,,press  ,,fir/ ,,publi%$1  
#aibj     ,,! ,,james ,,wesley ,,coop]  
,,memorial ,,publication ,,fund   ,!    
pres5t volume is ! f\r? "w publi%$ by ! 
,yale ,univ]sity ,press on ! ,james     
,wesley ,coop] ,memorial ,publication   
,fund4 ,?is ,f\ndation 0 e/abli%$ ,m>*  
#cj1 #aiah1 by a gift to ,yale          
,univ]sity f ,mrs4 ,ell5 ,h4 ,coop] 9   

memory ( h] husb&1 ,rev4 ,james ,wesley 
,coop]1 ,d4,d41 :o di$ 9 ,new ,york     
,city1 ,m>* #af1 #aiaf4 ,dr4 ,coop] 0 a 
memb] ( ! ,class ( #ahfe1 ,yale         
,college1 & = tw5ty-five ye>s pa/or ( ! 
,s\? ,congregational ,*ur* ( ,new       
,brita91 ,connecticut4 ,= ?irty ye>s he 
0 a corporate memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d (
 ,commission]s = ,=eign ,missions & f   
#ahhe until ! "t ( 8 dea? 0 a ,fell[ (  
,yale ,univ]sity1 s]v+ on ! ,corporation
 z "o ( ! ,successors ( ! ,orig9al      
,tru/ees4     ,,to ,,my ,,wife          
,,preface   ,! *ief1 p]haps ! only1     
comm5dation ( ^! *apt]s is t !y pret5d  
to no f9al solution ( ! problem :i* !y  
discuss4 ,h[ to ass]t ! et]nal &        
objective reality ( t ,pres5ce1 !       
consci\sness ( ,:om is alike ! beg9n+ & 
! end1 ! motive & ! rew>d1 ( ! religi\s 
exp]i5ce1 is n altoge!r cle> 9 an age t1
 = ov] two c5turies1 has m & m reject$ !
 transc5d5tal ideas ( ! human und]/&+4  
,yet ! consequ5ces ( t rejection1 9 !   
increas+ individualism ( conduct :i* has

 kept pace ) ! gr[+ subjectivism (      
?\ght1 are n[ suffici5tly app>5t & !    
pres5t plight ( our civilization is     
already lead+ its m *>act]i/ic memb]s1 !
 political sci5ti/s & ! economi/s1 to   
rexam9e & reappraise ! concepts ^u :i* x
 is f\nd$4 ,x is a simil> attempt to    
scrut9ize & evaluate ! significant      
aspects ( ! int]dep5d5t ?\ght & conduct 
( our day f ! /&po9t ( religion :i* is  
"h attempt$4 ,its sole & mode/ purpose  
is to endeavor to re/ore "s neglect$    
emphases1 to recall to spiritually m9d$ 
m5 & wom5 c]ta9 half-=gott5 values 9 !  
religi\s exp]i5ce & to add su*          
obs]vations reg>d+ !m z may1 by good    
=tune1 contribute some?+ to t future    
reconcil+ ( ! ?\ght curr5ts & value     
judgm5ts ( our day to ^! c5tral &       
preci\s facts ( ! religi\s life4  ,_m m5
 & m9ds h contribut$ to ^! pages4 ,su*  
s\rces ( sugge/ion & insight h be5      
indicat$ :]ev] !y c\ld be id5tifi$4 ,9  
especial ,i mu/ record my grateful s5se 
( obligation to ,pr(essor ,irv+         

,babbitt's ,r\sseau & ,romanticism4 ,!  
*apt] on ,naturalism owes mu* to its    
brilliant & provocative discussions4    
,,cont5ts                               
,,page    ,preface      #aa    ,i4 ,!   
,le>n]1 ! ,do] & ! ,se]       #ae       
,,ii4 ,! ,*ildr5 ( ,zion & ! ,sons (    
,greece       #dj    ,,iii4 ,eat+1      
,dr9k+ & ,be+ ,m]ry        #gb    ,,iv4 
,! ,unmeasur$ ,gulf       #ajb    ,v4   
,grace1 ,k1 ,virtue       #aca    ,,vi4 
,! ,almighty & ,ev]la/+ ,god       #aeg 
,,vii4 ,wor%ip z ! ,*ief ,approa* to    
,transc5d5ce      #ahd    ,,viii4       
,wor%ip & ! ,discipl9e ( ,doctr9e       
#bji     ,,*apt] ,,"o  ,,! ,,le>n]1 ,,! 
,,do] ,,& ,,! ,,se]   ,! fir/ difficulty
 :i* confronts ! incumb5t ( ! ,lyman    
,bee*] ,f\ndation1 aft] he has accept$ !
 appall+ fact t he mu/ hit* 8 mode/     
wagon1 n m]ely to a />1 b r to an entire
 con/ellation1 is ! delimitation ( 8    
subject4 ,!re are _m inquiries1 none (  
!m )\t significance1 ) :i* he might     
appropriately conc]n himself4 ,= n only 

is ! pr(ession ( ! ,*ri/ian m9i/ry a    
_m-sid$ "o1 b scales ( value *ange &    
emphases %ift1 )9 ! call+ itself1 ) our 
*ang+ civilization4 ,! m$iaeval _w      
br\ght =?1 out ( its ne$1 ! rob$ & mit]$
 ecclesia/ic2 a m rec5t _w1 pursuant to 
its g5ius1 dem&$ ! e?ical ideali/4      
,dr9k-sodd5 ,georgian ,engl& respond$ to
 ! op5-air evangelism ( ,:itefield &    
,wesley2 ! next c5tury f\nd ! ,e/abli%$ 
,*ur* divid$ aga9/ itself by ! le>n+ &  
culture ( ! ,ox=d ,movem5t4 ,sometimes a
 philosoph] & !ologian1 l ,edw>ds1      
initiates ! ,great ,awak5+2 sometimes an
 emotional my/ic l ,b]n>d c ar\se all   
,europe & c>ry m51 t5s ( ?\s&s /rong1   
ov] ! ,danube & ov] ! ,hellespont to die
 = ! ,cross ^u ! burn+ s&s ( ,syria2    
sometimes x is ! ,george ,h]b]ts1 9 a   
hundr$ rural p>i%es1 :o make grace to   
ab\nd ?r\gh ! intimate & preci\s        
m9i/rations ( ! c\ntry p>son4 ,let u1   
!re=e1 devote ?is *apt] to a review ( ! 
sev]al aspects ( ! ,*ri/ian m9i/ry1 9   
ord] to set 9 its j p]spective ! "o :i* 

we h *os5 = ^! discussions & to see :y x
 seems to /&1 = ! mom5t1 9 ! =efront (  
importance4 ,our imm$iate "q is1 ,:o1 on
 ! :ole1 is ! mo/ ne$$ figure 9 ! m9i/ry
 today8 ,is x ! pr(essional ecclesia/ic1
 back$ ) ! au?ority & pre/ige ( a       
v5]able organization8 ,is x ! curate (  
s\ls1 pati5t %eph]d ( ! silly %eep8 ,is 
x ! !ologian1 ! adm9i/rator1 !          
prophet--:o8  ,"o might ?9k pr(itably on
 t fir/ "q 9 ^! v in=mal days4 ,we are  
witness+ a breakd[n ( all ext]nal =ms ( 
au?ority :i*1 :ile salut>y & necess>y1  
is also p]il\s4 ,n _m ( u err1 j n[1 by 
ov]magnify+ our (ficial /atus4 ,_m ( u  
in/ead are t]ribly at ease 9 ,zion &    
might become less assur$ & m significant
 by und]tak+ ! subjective task ( a /udy 
9 m9i/]ial p]sonality4 ,:at we are1 to  
p>aphrase ,em]son1 speaks s l\d t m5 _c 
he> :at we say4 ,e great call+ has its  
*>act]i/ic m5tal attitude1 ! unwritt5   
code ( honor ( ! gr\p1 )\t a k ( :i* "o 
c\ld sc>cely be an effici5t or honorable
 practition] )9 x4 ,"o ( ! p]plex+ &    

irritat+ problems ( ! p]sonal life ( !  
prea*] today has to d ) ! collision     
betwe5 ! secul> /&>ds ( 8 "t1 ?is       
traditional code ( 8 class1 & !         
requirem5ts ( 8 fai?4 ,%all he acquiesce
 9 ! smug con=mities1 ! ext]naliz$      
proc$ures ( av]age society1 some:at     
pietiz$1 & jo9 t l>ge company ( good &  
ord9>y p1 ( :om ,samuel ,butl] rem>ks1 9
 ,! ,way ( ,all ,fle%1 t !y w\ld be     
equally horrifi$ at he>+ ! ,*ri/ian     
religion d\bt$1 or at see+ x practis$8  
,!re are m9i/]s :o d ?us cont5t !mselves
 ) be+ m]ely sup]respectable4 ,%all he  
exalt ! /&>ds ( 8 call+1 acc5tuate !    
spee* & dress1 ! code & mann]s ( 8 gr\p1
 ! hi/oric /atem5ts ( 8 fai?1 at ! risk 
( becom+ an (ficial1 a pr(essional8 ,or 
does he possess ! insight1 & c he       
acquire ! c\rage1 to foll[ m5 l ,francis
 ( ,assisi or ,fa!r ,dami5 & adopt !    
,*ri/ian e?ic & ?us jo9 t company ( !   
apo/les & m>tyrs ^: blood is ! se$ ( !  
*ur*8 ,a good deal might be said today  
on ! ne$ ( ?is sort ( p]sonal culture 9 

! m9i/]ial c&idate4 ,b1 provocative &   
significant ?\gh ! "q is1 x is too      
limit$ 9 scope1 too purely subjective 9 
nature1 to suit ! "* & ! urg5cy ( ! ne$s
 ( ?is mom5t4  ,aga91 e pr(ession has ! 
priz$ inh]itance ( its own p>ticul> &   
gradually p]fect$ human skill4 ,an      
int]e/+ /udy1 !n1 w\ld be ! analysis ( t
 ri* cont5t ( human insights1 ! result (
 g5]ations ( pa/oral exp]i5ce1 :i* =m ! 
backgr\nd ( all great prea*+4 ,no man1  
:e!r le>n$ or pi\s1 or bo?1 is equipp$ =
 ! pulpit )\t ! addition ( t intuitive  
disc]nm5t1 t quick & v>i$ appreciation1 
t sane & tol]ant k ( life & ! _w1 :i* is
 ! rew>d giv5 to ! fri5ds & lov]s (     
mank9d4 ,= ! prea*] deals n ) ! %all[s b
 ! dep?s ( life4 ,l 8 ,ma/] he mu/ be a 
great humani/4 ,to make real s]mons he  
has to look1 )\t dismay or evasion1 f>  
into ! he>t's imp5etrable recesses4 ,he 
mu/ h _h "s exp]i5ce ) ! absolutism (   
bo? good & evil4 ,i ?9k prea*]s :o reg>d
 s]mons on salvation z sup]flu\s h n _h 
mu* exp]i5ce ) ei!r4 ,!y belong to t    

l>ge _w ( ! int]m$iates1 nei!r          
positively good nor bad1 :o compose !   
mass ( ! prosp]\s & respectable 9 our   
g5teel civilization4 ,s9ce !y belong to 
x !y _c lead x4 ,& c]ta9ly !y :o d n "k 
! absolutism ( evil _c v well und]/&    
s9n]s4 ,g5u9e satans1 z ,milton knew1   
are n weakl+s & traitors :o h decl9$ f !
 /&>ds ( a respectable civilization4 ,!y
 are positive & impressive figures      
pursu+ & act+ up to _! own ideal (      
conduct1 n flee+ f self-accept$         
retribution or fall+ away f a confess$  
morality ( ours4 ,evil is a =ce ev5 m   
?an a folly2 x is a positive ag5t busily
 build+ away at ! ,city ( ,dreadful     
,night1 con/ruct+ its insol5t & sc(f+   
society )9 ! v prec9cts ( ! ,city (     
,god4  ,he mu/ "k1 !n1 t evil & suff]+  
are n tempor>y elem5ts ( man's          
evolution1 j ab\t to be elim9at$ by !   
new re=m1 ! la/ =mula1 ! fre% panacea4  
,to ^? :o h ta/$ grief & smelt ! fire   
su* easy prea*+ & su* confid5t solutions
 are a grave (f5se4 ,!y "k t evil is an 

integral "p ( our univ]se2 suff]+ an    
endur+ elem5t ( ! :ole4 ,s he mu/ prea* 
^u ! *ances & *anges ( ?is mortal _w1 or
 g to ! h\se ( %ame or ! place ( m\rn+1 
kn[+ t !re is some?+ pa/ f9d+ out 9     
evil1 some?+ incommunicable ab\t true   
sorr[4 ,!y are n ext]nal ?+s1 ali5 to   
our natures1 t happ5 "o day f )\t1 & may
 p]haps be avoid$1 & by & by are gone4  
,no2 t :i* makes sorr[1 sorr[1 & evil1  
evil1 is _! naturalness2 !y well up f   
)91 "p ( ! v texture ( our consci\sness4
 ,he kn[s y c nev] express !m1 = truly  
to d t y w\ld h to express & expla9 !   
entire _w4 ,x is n easy !n to int]pret !
 evil & suff]+ :i* are n ext]nal &      
tempor>y1 b endur+ & a "p ( ! :ole4  ,s 
! prea*] is nev] deal+ ) pla9 or        
uncomplicat$ matt]s4 ,x is 8 bus9ess to 
p]ceive ! my/]y ( iniquity 9 ! sa9t & to
 recognize ! my/]y ( godl9ess 9 ! s9n]4 
,x is 8 bus9ess to rev]e ! *ild & yet   
wat* him t he may make a man ( him4 ,he 
mu/ say1 s z to be und]/ood1 to ^? :o   
balk at discipl9e1 & rail at            

self-repression1 & res5t pa93 y h n yet 
begun to live nor made ! fir/ /ep t[>d  
und]/&+ ! univ]se & y\rselves4 ,to avoid
 discipl9e & to bl5* at pa9 is to evade 
life4 ,!re are limitations1 occasion$ by
 ! evil & ! suff]+ ( ! _w1 9 ^:         
repressions m5 f9d fulfillm5t4 ,:5 y are
 hone/ ) y\rself y w "k :at ,dante meant
 :5 he said3    ,& ?\ %alt see ^? :o    
,cont5t$ are )9 ! fire2   ,because !y   
hope to come1   ,:5 e'er x may be1 to ! 
bless$ p4#a  ,x is 8 bus9ess1 also1 to  
be ! comrade ( 8 pe]s1 & yet speak to !m
 ! tru? 9 love2 8 task to und]/& !      
bitt]ness & assuage ! sorr[s ( old age4 
,i suppose ! greate/ influ5ce a prea*]  
ev] ex]cises1 & a *ief s\rce ( ! mat]ial
 & insight ( 8 prea*+1 is f\nd 9 ?is    
intimate contact ) liv+ & suff]+1 divid$
 & di/ract$ m5 & wom54 ,:5 /rong m5 bl5*
 ) pa9 & exquisite grief /irs )9 u at ! 
sight & we c endure naught else b to    
suff] ) !m1 :5 y\? is blurr$ ) s91 &    
gray heads are sick ) %ame & we1 !n1    
want to die & cry1 ,o ,god6 =give & save

 !m or else blot me out ( ,?y book (    
life--= :o c\ld be> to live 9 a _w :]e  
su* ?+s are ! end6--!n1 ?r\gh ! society 
( sorr[1 & ! holy comrade%ip 9 %ame1 we 
beg9 to f9d ! ,"l & to und]/& bo? !     
k9dness & ! ju/ice ( ,8 _w4 ,9 ! mom5t  
:5 sympa?y takes ! bitt]ness out (      
ano!r's sorr[ & my suff]+ breaks !      
captivity ( my neighbor's s9--!n1 :5    
because toge!r1 ) s9n] & suff]]1 we come
 out into ! quiet l& ( fre$om & ( peace1
 we p]ceive h[ ! v he>t ( ,god1 ^u :i*  
!re we "k we re/1 may be f\nd 9 !       
vic>i\s suff]+ & sacrifice call$ =? by !
 sorr[ & ! evil ( mank9d4 ,!n we c prea*
 ! ,gospel4 ,because !n we dimly und]/& 
:y m5 h hung _! ,god ^u ! ,cross (      
,*ri/6  ,footnote #a3 ,! ,div9e ,com$y3 
,hell2 canto ,i4  ,is x n ludicr\s1 !n1 
to suppose t a man m]ely equipp$ )      
pr(essional s*ol>%ip1 or cont5t$ ) moral
 con=mities1 c m9i/] to ! sorr[ & !     
my/]y1 ! m+l$ %ame & glory ( a human    
be+8 ,?is is :y ! av]age !ologue1 9 8   
fir/ p>i%1 is l ! well-mean+ b m$dl+    

eng9e] endeavor+ ) clumsy tools &       
ins5sitive f+]s to adju/ ! delicate &   
complicat$ me*anism ( a ,g5evan wat*4 ,&
 "h is "o ( ! real reasons :y we        
deprecate m5 ent]+ our call+1 )\t bo? ! 
culture ( a lib]al education & ! le>n+ (
 a graduate s*ool4 ,cle>ly1 !re=e1 "o   
real task ( su* s*ools & _! lecture%ips 
is to (f] m5 wide & graci\s tra9+ 9 !   
art ( human contacts1 s t _! lives may  
be lift$ above ,ph>isaism & moral       
self-consci\sness1 made acqua9t$ ) !    
high] & compreh5sive int]pretations ( ! 
he>t & m9d ( our race4 ,= only ?us c !y 
approa* life rev]5tly & humbly4 ,only   
?us w !y rev]e ! integrity ( ! human _s2
 only ?us c !y reg>d x ) a magnanim\s & 
ca?olic und]/&+ & measure x n by ! /&>ds
 ( temp]am5tal or sect>ian convictions1 
b by :at is be/ & highe/1 deepe/ &      
holie/ 9 ! race4 ,no "o ne$s m ?an ! "y 
prea*] to be drawn out ( ! range ( n>r[ 
judgm5ts1 ( exclusive /&>ds &           
ecclesia/ical traditions & to be flung  
out among free & s5sitive spirits1 t he 

may wat* _! work+s1 ma/] _! p]ceptions1 
cat* _! scale ( values4  ,a discussion1 
!n1 deal+ ) ?is aspect ( our problem1   
w\ld raise _m & g5u9e que/ions = u4 ,!re
 is ! m room = x 9 ?is "t ( increas+    
emphasis ^u ma*9]y :5 ev5 m9i/]s are be+
 measur$ 9 ! t]ms ( p[]1 spe$ & utility4
 ,^! are n real ends ( life2 real ends  
are unity1 repose1 ! imag9ative &       
spiritual values :i* make = ! release ( 
self1 ) its by-product ( happ9ess4 ,9   
su* days1 !n1 :5 ! old-"t pa/or-prea*]  
is becom+ z r>e z ! =m] g5]al           
practition]2 :5 ! l9es ( division betwe5
 speak]1 educator1 exp]t 9 social       
hygi5e1 are be+ %>ply drawn--z ?\gh new 
me?ods insur$ ( !mselves fre%           
inspiration1 & te*nical k 0 id5tical )  
spiritual und]/&+--x w\ld be wor? :ile  
to dwell ^u ! culture ( ! pa/oral (fice 
& to %[ t +5uity is n yet synonym\s )   
insight1 & t1 9 our pr(ession at lea/1  
c>d-catalogues _c take ! place ( !      
p]sonal /udy ( ! human he>t4 ,b _m      
discussions on ?is ,f\ndation1 & rec5tly

 ^? ( ,dr4 ,j[ett1 h already dealt ) ?is
 sort ( analysis4 ,besides1 today1 :5 n 
m]ely ! prea*]1 b ! v view ( ! _w t     
produc$ him1 is be+ ?reat5$ ) tempor>y  
ext9ction1 su* a !me1 poetic & rew>d+   
?\gh x is1 becomes irrelevant & p>o*ial4
  ,or we might turn to ! problem (      
te*nique1 t pr(essional equipm5t = 8    
task z a s]moniz] & public speak] :i* is
 p>tly a native end[m5t & p>tly a       
labori\s acquisition on ! prea*]'s "p4  
,su* 0 ,presid5t ,tuck]'s c\rse on ,!   
,mak+ & ,unmak+ ( ! ,prea*]4 ,c]ta9ly   
obs]vations on pr(essional te*nique1    
especially if !y %\ld include1 l 81     
acute discussion ( ! speak]'s obligation
 to hone/y ( ?9k+1 no less ?an integrity
 ( conduct2 ( ! immorality ( ! pragmatic
 /&>d ( m]e effectiv5ess or imm$iate    
effici5cy 9 ! selection ( mat]ial2 ( !  
ae/hetic folly & e?ical dubiety (       
simulat$ extempore speak+ & g5u9ely     
impromptu pray]s1 w\ld n be sup]flu\s4  
,b1 on ! o!r h&1 we may hope to         
accompli% mu* ( ?is indirectly today4   

,because !re is no way ( h&l+           
specifically ei!r ! cont5t ( ! ,*ri/ian 
message or ! problem ( ! imm$iate ne$s &
 temp] ( ^? to :om x is to be address$1 
)\t ref]5ce to ! k9d ( p]sonality1 & !  
nature ( ! tools at 8 disposal1 :i* is  
be/ suit$ to comm5d ! "o & to int]pret !
 o!r4  ,h5ce su* a discussion z ?is     
ought1 by its v scale ( values--by !    
motives t in=m x & ! ends t det]m9e     
x--to condemn !reby ! ins9c]e &         
artificial speak]1 or t pseudo-s]mon :i*
 is nei!r z exposition1 an argum5t nor a
 m$itation b a mosaic1 a compilation (  
o!r m5's ?\ghts1 ek$ out by impossibly  
impressive or pi\sly s5tim5tal          
anecdotes1 ! :ole glu$ toge!r by        
platitudes ( ! ,m>t9 ,tupp] or ,samuel  
,smiles v>iety4 ,x is c]ta9ly an obvi\s 
b greatly neglect$ tru? t simplicity &  
c&or 9 public speak+1 l>g5ess ( m5tal   
movem5t1 :at ,phillips ,brooks call$    
direct utt]ance ( compreh5sive tru?s1   
are indisp5sable pr]equisites = any     
significant e?ical or spiritual         

lead]%ip4 ,b1 tak5 z a ma9 !me1 ?is ?ird
 topic1 l ! o!rs1 seems to me           
insuffici5tly inclusive to meet our     
pres5t exig5cies4 ,x deals m ) !        
ext]nals ?an ) ! he>t ( our subject4    
,aga9 we might address ourselves to !   
e?ical & practical aspects ( prea*+ & ! 
m9i/ry4 ,tak+ l>gely = grant$ our       
und]/&+ ( ! ,gospel1 we might conc]n    
ourselves ) its relations to society1 ! 
detail$ implications = ! moral &        
economic problems ( our social &        
indu/rial ord]4 ,dean ,br[n1 9 ,!       
,social ,message ( ! ,mod]n ,pulpit1 &  
,dr4 ,c(f9 9 ,9 a ,day ( ,social        
,rebuild+1 h s enri*$ ?is ,f\ndation4   
,moreov]1 ?is is1 at ! mom5t1 an almo/  
univ]sally popul> treatm5t ( ! prea*]'s 
opportunity & obligation4 ,"o reason1   
!re=e1 = n *oos+ ?is approa* to our task
 is t ! prea*]'s att5tion1 p>tly because
 ( ! excell5ce ( ^! & o!r books &       
lectures1 & p>tly because ( ! acut5ess (
 ! political-indu/rial crisis :i* is n[ 
^u u1 is already focus$ ^u x4  ,besides1

 our pres5t mom5t is *ang+ ) an om9\s   
rapidity4 ,& "o is n sure :e!r !        
imm$iate situation1 z di/+ui%$ f t ( ev5
 a few ye>s ago1 calls u to be conc]n$  
*iefly ) ! practical & e?ical aspects ( 
our mission1 urg5t ?\gh ! ne$ & critical
 ! pass1 to :i* ! abuses ( ! capitali/ic
 sy/em h br\ght bo? ,european & ,am]ican
 society4 ,9 ?is day ( ^? %ift+ /&>ds   
:i* m>k ! gradual transf]5ce ( p[] f "o 
gr\p to ano!r 9 ! community1 & ! m]g+ ( 
a sp5t epo* 9 a new ord]1 nei!r ! *ief  
opportunity nor ! mo/ s]i\s p]il (      
religi\s lead]%ip is met by fre% &      
en]getic programs ( religion 9 action4  
,9 su* days1 our *ief gift to ! _w _c be
 ! support ( any p>ticul> re=ms or !    
alliance ) any imm$iate e?ical or       
economic movem5t4 ,= ^! ?+s at be/ w\ld 
be m]ely ! effects ( religion4 ,& x is n
 religion 9 its relations1 nor ev5 9 its
 expression 9 "*--x is ! ?+ 9 itself t  
?is age mo/ ne$s4 ,:at m5 are *iefly    
ask+ ( life at ?is mom5t is n1 ,:at     
ought we to d8 b ! deep] "q1 ,:at is !re

 we c believe8 ,= !y "k t ! answ] to ?is
 "q w\ld %[ u :at we ought to d4  ,nor d
 our re=m alliances & successive        
programs & crusades always seem to me to
 proce$ f any c>eful e/imate ( !        
situation z a :ole or to be conceiv$ 9 !
 light ( compreh5sive ,*ri/ian pr9ciple4
 ,in/ead1 !y sometimes seem to draw _!  
inspiration m f ! s5se ( ! urg5t ne$ (  
pres5t+ to an indiff]5t or disillusion$ 
_w "s quick & tangible evid5ce ( a      
cont9u+ moral vigor & spiritual passion 
to :i* ! deep] & m pot5t witnesses are  
abs5t4 ,x is z ?\gh we ?\ght ! ma*9]y ( 
! *ur* w\ld revolve ) m en]gy if ge>$   
into ! :eels ( ! work+ _w4 ,b t _w & we 
d n draw our p[] f ! same dynamo4 ,&    
surely 9 a day ( pr(\nd & widespread    
m5tal f]m5t & moral re/lessness1 "s m   
fundam5tal gift ?an ?is is ask$ ( u4    
,if1 !re=e1 ^! *apt]s pay only an       
incid5tal att5tion to ! *ur*'s social & 
e?ical message1 x is p>tly because our  
att5tion is1 at ?is v mom5t1 l>gely     
c5t]$ ^u ?is important1 yet second>y    

matt]1 & m because !re lies b5ea? x a   
yet m urg5t & inclusive task :i*        
confronts ! spokesman ( organiz$        
religion4  ,y w expect me !n to say t we
 are to turn to "s speculative &        
philosophic /udy1 su* z ! analysis ( !  
,*ri/ian idea 9 its _w relation%ips1 "s 
fre% /atem5t ( ! ,gospel1 ei!r by way ( 
apologia = inh]it$ concepts1 or z       
attempt+ to make a new receptacle = !   
liv+ w9e1 :i* has inde$ bur/ ! mo/ ( its
 anci5t bottles4 ,su* 0 ,pr9cipal       
,fairbairn's monum5tal task 9 ,! ,place 
( ,*ri/ 9 ,mod]n ,!ology & also ,dr4    
,gordon's 9 8 di/+ui%$ discussions 9 ,! 
,ultimate ,conceptions ( ,fai?4  ,"h1   
c]ta9ly1 is an endeavor :i* is always ( 
prim>y importance4 ,!re is an abid+     
p]il1 =ev] cr\*+ at ! door ( anci5t     
organizations1 t !y %all seek refuge f !
 difficulties ( ?\ght 9 ! opportunities 
( action4 ,!y ne$ to be cont9ually      
rem9d$ t re=ms beg9 9 ! same place :]e  
abuses d1 namely1 9 ! notion ( ?+s2 t   
only j ideas c1 9 ! long run1 purify    

conduct2 t cle> ?9k+ is ! s\rce ( all   
high & su/a9$ feel+4 ,i wi% t we might  
essay ! philosoph]-!ologian's task4 ,?is
 g5]ation is hungry = und]/&+2 x p]i%es 
= lack ( k4 ,"o reason = ! indubitable  
decl9e ( ! prea*]'s p[] is t we h be5   
culpably indiff]5t 9 ma9ta9+ close &    
fri5dly alliances betwe5 ! sci5ce & !   
art1 ! tea*]s & ! practition]s (        
religion4 ,few ?+s w\ld be m om9\s ?an  
to p]mit any fur!r wid5+ ( ! gulf :i*   
already exi/s betwe5 ^! two4 ,nev] m ?an
 n[ does ! prea*] ne$ to be rem9d$ ( :at
 ,m>cus ,aurelius said3 ,su* z are ?y   
habitual ?\ghts1 su* also %all be       
?yself2 = ! s\l is dy$ by its ?\ghts4   
,b su* an und]tak+1 call+ = wide & exact
 s*ol>%ip1 l>ge res]ves (               
extra-pr(essional le>n+1 does n prim>ily
 belong to a discussion )9 ! dep>tm5t ( 
practical !ology4 ,besides :i* !re is a 
task1 closely alli$ to x1 b creative r  
?an critical1 prophetic r ?an           
philosophic1 :i* does fall )9 ! precise 
area ( ?is field4 ,i mean ! endeavor to 

describe ! m9d & he>t ( our g5]ation1   
appraise ! significant ?\ght-curr5ts (  
our "t4 ,?is w\ld be an attempt to give 
"s description ( ! *ief impulses f]m5t+ 
9 contempor>y society1 to ask :at       
relation !y hold to ! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1
 & to inquire :at attitude t[>d !m our  
prea*+ %\ld adopt4 ,if x be true t :at  
is mo/ reveal+ 9 any age is its         
regulative ideas1 !n :at is m valuable =
 ! prea*] ?an to attempt ! und]/&+ ( 8  
g5]ation ?r\gh ! def9+ ( its rul+       
concepts8 ,& x is ?is audaci\s task :i*1
 = two reasons1 we %all presume to      
und]take4  ,! fir/ reason is t x is     
appropriate bo? to ! temp]am5t & ! tra9+
 ( ! prea*]4 ,!re are ?ree gr&          
divisions1 or r det]m9+ emphases1 by :i*
 m5 may be sep>at$ into vocational      
gr\ps4 ,to beg9 )1 !re is ! man ( !     
sci5tific or intellectual type4 ,he has 
a passion = facts & a /rong s5se ( _!   
reality4 ,he moves ) natural ease among 
ab/ract propositions1 is bo? critical (1
 & f]tile 91 !ories2 indicates 8        

ess5tial di/9ction 9 8 love ( ! tru? = !
 tru?'s sake4 ,he looks fir/ to !       
intr9sic reasonabl5ess ( any            
proposition2 t5ds to judge bo? m5 &     
movem5ts n by traditional or p]sonal    
values1 b by a deta*$ & dis9t]e/$       
appraisal ( _! inh]5t wor?4 ,he is (t5 a
 dogmati/1 b ?is fault is n peculi> to  
him1 he %>es x ) ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,he is 
sometimes a lit]ali/ & sometimes a slave
 to logic1 m conc]n$ ) combat+ ! crude  
or unt5able =m ( a proposition ?an      
inquir+ ) sympa!tic insight into ! wor? 
( its sub/ance4 ,b ^! ?+s are p]v]sions 
( 8 excell5cies1 defects ( 8 virtues4 ,8
 *>act]i/ic qualities are m5tal         
integrity1 accuracy ( /atem5t1 sanity ( 
judgm5t1 capacity = su/a9$ intellectual 
toil4 ,su* m5 are inve/igators1 s*ol>s2 
:5 prop]ly bl5d$ ) ! imag9ative type !y 
become inv5tors & tea*]s4 ,!y make good 
!ologians & bad prea*]s4  ,!n !re are ! 
practical m51 belov$ ( our ,am]ican     
life4 ,bo? _! feet are firmly fix$ ^u ! 
solid gr\nd4 ,!y g5]ally "k j :]e !y    

are1 :i* is n surpris+1 = !y d n1 = !   
mo/ "p1 ei!r 9 ! _w ( m9d or _s1 frequ5t
 unusual places4 ,! f9espun speculations
 ( ! philosoph]s & ! impractical dreams 
( ! arti/ make small appeal to !m2 ! _w 
!y live 9 is a %>ply def9$ & cle>ly     
light$ & r limit$ place4 ,!y l to say to
 ?is man come & he come?1 & to t man g &
 he goe?4 ,!y are enamor$ ( (fices1     
typewrit]s1 telegrams1 long-di/ance     
messages1 secret>ies1 programs1         
conf]5ces & drives4 ,gett+ results is _!
 goal2 ev]y?+ is judg$ by ! crit]ion (  
effective action2 !y are in/9ctive &    
unconsci\s pragmati/s4 ,!y make good *e]
 lead]s at football games 9 _! y\? &    
impressive capta9s ( indu/ry 9 _! old   
age4 ,_! virtues are :olesome1 if       
obvi\s2 !y are good mix]s1 h %rewd      
judgm5t1 imm5se physical & volitional   
en]gy4 ,!y und]/& t two & two make f\r4 
,!y are r>ely sa9ts b1 unlike _m ( u :o 
once _h ! capacity = sa9?ood1 !y are n  
dreadful s9n]s4 ,!y are ! tribe ( :i*   
politicians are born b1 :5 !y are bl5d$ 

) imag9ative & spiritual gifts1 !y      
become philan?ropi/s & /atesm51         
practical s]vants ( mank9d4 ,!y make    
good1 if cons]vative1 citiz5s2 k9d1 if  
un9spir+1 husb&s & deplorable prea*]s4  
,!n !re are ^? fasc9at+ m5 ( feel+ &    
imag9ation1 ^? :o look into _! own he>ts
 & write1 ^? to :om ! inn] dom9ions :i* 
! _s conqu]s = itself become a ?\s&-fold
 m real ?an ! e>? :]eon !y /amp _! feet4
 ,^! are ! lit]>y or ! creative folk4   
,_! passion is n s mu* to "k life z to  
enjoy x2 n to direct x1 b to exp]i5ce x2
 n ev5 to make und]/&+ ( x an end1 b    
only a means to int]pret+ x4 ,!y d n1 z 
a rule1 ?ir/ = erudition1 & !y are      
indiff]5t to ^? manipulations ( !       
ext]nals ( life :i* are de> to ! lov]s (
 executive p[]4 ,!y "k less b !y und]/& 
m ?an _! s*ola/ic bre?r54 ,z a class !y 
are sometimes disreputable b ne>ly      
always unworldly2 m di/+ui%$ by an      
intuitive & *ildlike ?an by an +5i\s or 
sophi/icat$ quality ( m9d4 ,ideas &     
facts are p]ceiv$ by !m n ab/ractly nor 

practically1 b 9 _! typical or symbolic1
 h5ce _! pictorial & transmissible1     
aspects4 ,!y read dogma1 :e!r !ological 
or o!r1 9 ! t]ms ( a liv+ process1      
unconsci\sly translat+ x1 z !y g along1 
out ( its cold propositions into its    
appropriate =ms ( feel+ & ne$s &        
satisfactions4  ,! sci5ti/1 !n1 is a    
critic1 a le>n] :o wants to analyze &   
dissect2 ! man ( affairs is a director &
 build] & wants to comm& & con/ruct2 !  
man ( ?is gr\p is a se]4 ,he is a lov] &
 a dream]2 he wat*es & broods ov] life1 
pr(\ndly feel+ x1 enamor$ bo? ( its %ame
 & ( its glory4 ,! intol]able poignancy 
( exi/5ce is bitt]sweet to 8 m\?2 he    
craves to inc>nate1 to int]pret its     
entire human process1 always /riv+ to   
pi]ce to its c5t]1 to capture & express 
its inexpressible ultimate4 ,he is an   
egoti/ b a valuable "o1 acutely aw>e ( !
 dep?s & imm5sities ( 8 own _s & ( its  
significant relations to ?is see?+ _w   
)\t4 ,?us x is bo? himself & a new      
vision ( life1 9 t]ms ( himself1 t he   

desires to project = 8 community4  ,! =m
 ( t vision w v>y accord+ to ! nature ( 
! tools1 ! selection ( mat]ial1 !       
p>ticul> sort ( native end[m5t :i* are  
giv5 to him4 ,"s su* m5 reveal _!       
und]/&+ ( ! s\l & ! _w 9 ! deta*$       
s]5ity1 ! too well-def9$ h>monies ( a   
,p>!non2 o!rs 9 ! dim & intricate       
ri*ness1 ! confus$ & tortur$ aspiration 
( ! long-limb$ sa9ts & grotesque devils 
( a ,go?ic ca!dral4 ,o!rs inc>nate x 9  
gleam+ bronze2 or spread x 9 subtle play
 ( light & %ade & tones ( color on a    
canvas2 or write x 9 great plays :i* op5
 ! d>k *amb]s ( ! s\l & make ! he>t /&  
/ill2 or s+ x 9 sweet & t]rible v]se1   
full-?roat$ utt]ance ( man's pride &    
hope & passion4 ,"s act x be=e ! alt> or
 b5ea? ! prosc5ium ar*2 "s speak x1 n[ 9
 ,cass&ra-tones1 n[ com=tably l %eph]ds 
( frail %eep4 ,^! folk are !            
bro!rs-9-blood1 ! fell[ craftsm5 ( !    
prea*]4 ,by a silly conv5tion1 he is    
almo/ =bidd5 to consult ) !m1 & to      
betake himself to ! le>n$1 ! respectable

 & ! dull4 ,b x is ) ^! t naturally he  
sees eye to eye4  ,9 %ort1 9 call+ !    
prea*] a prophet we mean t prea*+ is an 
art & ! prea*] is an arti/2 = all great 
art has ! prophetic quality4 ,_m m5     
object to ?is def9ition ( ! prea*] z be+
 pr(ane4 ,x appe>s to make secul> or    
me*anicalize _! pr(ession1 to rob prea*+
 ( its sacrosanctity1 leave x less      
au?ority by mak+ x m intelligible1      
remove x f ! realm ( ! my/ical & unique4
 ,?is objection seems to me sometimes an
 expression ( spiritual arrogance &     
sometimes a subtle =m ( skepticism4 ,x  
assumes a special privilege = our       
pr(ession or a n-get-at-able def5se &   
sanction by insi/+ t x diff]s 9 orig9 & 
h5ce 9 k9d f simil> expressions ( !     
human _s4 ,x hesitates to rely on !     
normal & ! intelligible s\rces (        
m9i/]ial p[]1 to confess ! relatively   
def9able orig9 & und]/&able me?ods ( our
 "w4 ,x fe>s to tru/ to ^! alone4  ,b   
all ^! mu/ be tru/$4 ,we may safely     
ass]t t ! prea*] deals ) absolute       

values1 = all art does t4 ,b we may n   
ass]t t he is ! only p]son t does s or t
 8 is ! only or ! unapproa*able way4    
,no2 he1 too1 is an arti/4 ,h5ce1 a     
s]mon is n a contribution to1 b an      
int]pretation (1 k1 made 9 t]ms ( !     
religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,x is tak+ tru? out (
 its compress$ & ab/ract =m1 its        
imp]sonal & sci5tific language1 &       
return+ x to life 9 ! t]ms ( ! e?ical & 
spiritual exp]i5ce ( mank9d1 ?us giv+ x 
su* concrete & pictorial expression t x 
/imulates ! imag9ation & moves ! w4  ,x 
w be cle> !n :y ,i h said t ! task (    
apprais+ ! he>t & m9d ( our g5]ation1 to
 :i* we address ourselves1 is           
appropriate to ! prea*+ g5ius4 ,= only  
!y c\ld attempt su* a task :o possess an
 in=m$ & discipl9$ yet ess5tially       
intuitive _s ) its scale ( values2 :o by
 in/9ct c see _! age z a :ole & indicate
 its *ief emphases1 its controll+       
t5d5cies1 its significant expressions4  
,x is n ! sci5ti/ b ! se] :o ?us        
attempts ! preci\s b p]il\s task ( mak+ 

! great g5]alizations4 ,?is is :at      
,ari/otle means :5 he says1 ,! poet     
ranks high] ?an ! hi/orian because he   
a*ieves a m g5]al tru?4 ,?is is1 ,i     
suppose1 :at ,h\/on ,/ew>t ,*amb]la9    
means :5 he says1 9 ! introduction to ! 
,f\ndations ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury3 our   
mod]n _w repres5ts an immeasurable array
 ( facts4 ,! ma/]y ( su* a task z       
record+ & int]pret+ !m sci5tifically is 
impossible4 ,x is only ! g5ius ( !      
arti/1 :i* feels ! secret p>allels t    
exi/ betwe5 ! _w ( vision & ( ?\ght1 t  
c1 if =tune be favorable1 reveal ! unity
 b5ea? ! immeasurable complexities &    
div]sities ( ! pres5t ord]4 ,or z       
,pr(essor ,hock+ says3 ,! prophet mu/   
f9d 9 ! curr5t ( hi/ory a unity         
correspond+ to ! unity ( ! physical     
univ]se1 or else he mu/ create x4 ,x is 
?is consci\s unification ( hi/ory t !   
religi\s w spontane\sly t5ds to br+     
ab\t4#b  ,footnote #b3 ,! ,mean+ ( ,god 
9 ,human ,exp]i5ce1 p4 #eah4  ,x is !n  
precisely ! prea*]'s task1 8 peculi>    

(fice1 to attempt ^! va/ & p]il\s       
summations4 ,:at he is set "h = is to   
br+ ! immeasurable )9 ! scope ( vision4 
,he deals ) ! f>-flung outpo/s1 no man  
kn[s h[ di/ant1 & ! b\ndless int]spaces 
( human consci\sness2 he deals ) !      
beg9n+1 ! middle1 ! end--! orig91 !     
mean+ & ! de/9y--( human life4 ,h[ c    
anyone give unity to su* a prospect8 ,l 
any o!r arti/ he gives x ! only unity   
possible1 ! unity reveal$ 9 8 own       
p]sonality4 ,! !ologian %\ld n attempt  
to evaluate 8 age2 ! prea*] may4        
,because ! !ologian1 l any o!r sci5ti/1 
analyzes & dissects2 he breaks up ! _w4 
,! prea*] 9 8 discipl9$ imag9ation1 8   
spiritual intuitiv5ess1--:at we call !  
religi\s temp]am5t1--unites x aga9 &    
makes m5 see x :ole4 ,?is quality (     
purifi$ & enlight5$ imag9ation is ( ! v 
ess5ce ( ! prea*]'s p[] & art4 ,h5ce he 
may attempt to set =? a j und]/&+ ( 8   
g5]ation4  ,?is br+s u to ! second      
reason = our topic namely1 its          
timel9ess4 ,all religi\s values are n at

 all times equal 9 importance4 ,z       
g5]ations come & g1 fir/ "o1 !n ano!r   
looms 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,b ,i s9c]ely believe
 t ! mo/ fateful und]tak+ = ! prea*] at 
?is mom5t is t ( analyz+ 8 own g5]ation4
 ,because he has be5 flung into "o ( !  
_w's transition epo*s1 he speaks 9 an   
h\r :i* is radical 9 *anges1 p]plex+ 9  
its multif>i\s cross-curr5ts1 prolific (
 new =ms & expressions4 ,:at ! _w mo/   
ne$s at su* a mom5t ( expansion &       
rebellion1 is a r$ef9+ ( its ideals4 ,x 
ne$s to h "s et]nal scale ( values set  
be=e x once m4 ,x ne$s to /op long en\gh
 to f9d out j :at & :]e x is1 & t[>d :at
 x is go+4 ,x ne$s ano!r ,%]idan to     
write a new ,s*ool = ,sc&al1 ano!r      
,swift1 ) 8 ,gulliv]'s ,travels1 a      
cont9u+ ,%aw ) 8 satiric com$ies1 a     
,mrs4 ,:>ton ) h] ,h\se ( ,mir?1 a      
,?or/e9 ,vebl5 ) 8 ,high] ,le>n+ 9      
,am]ica1 a ,savon>ola ) 8 call to       
rep5tance & indictm5t ( worldly &       
unfai?ful liv+4 ,x is a difficult &     
dang]\s (fice1 ?is ( ! prophet2 x calls 

= a consid]ate & hone/ m9d z well z a   
fla%+ insight & an eag] he>t4 ,! false  
prophet exposes t he may exploit 8 age2 
! true prophet portrays t he may purge  
x4 ,l ,j]emiah we may well dread to     
und]take ! task1 yet its day & h\r are  
^u u6  ,i h already spok5 to ?is po9t at
 l5g?1 9 a little book rec5tly publi%$4 
,i m]ely add "h t 9 a day ( obvi\s      
political disillusionm5t & indu/rial    
revolt1 ( intellectual rebellion aga9/  
an outworn ord] ( ideas & ( moral       
re/lessness & d\bt1 an indisp5sable duty
 = ! prea*] is ?is compreh5sive /udy &  
und]/&+ ( 8 own epo*4 ,else1 )\t realiz+
 x1--& h[ true ?is (t5 is1--he proclaims
 a univ]sal tru? 9 ! un9telligible      
language ( a =gott5 ord]1 & applies a   
timeless exp]i5ce to ! fad$ conditions (
 ye/]day4  ,inde$1 ,i am conv9c$ t a    
*ief reason :y prea*+ is tempor>ily     
obscur$ 9 p[]1 is because mo/ ( our     
exp]tness 9 x is 9 t]ms ( local         
problems1 ( p>tial significances1 r ?an 
9 ! wid] t5d5cies t produce & c>ry !m1  

or 9 ! ultimate laws ( conduct :i* %\ld 
gov]n !m4 ,we ought to be tr\bl$1 ,i    
?9k1 9 our pres5t ecclesia/ical         
situation1 ) its ta9t ( an almo/ frantic
 imm$iacy4 ,n only are we n suffici5tly 
deal+ ) ! ,gospel z a univ]sal code1 b1 
z bo? cause & effect ( ?is1 we are n    
apply+ x to ! inclusive life ( our      
g5]ation4 ,we are t9k]+ "h & pat*+ !re1 
b attempt+ no gr& evaluation4 ,we h     
already grant$ t sweep+ g5]alizations1  
inclusive e/imates1 are z difficult z !y
 are audaci\s4 ,yet we h also se5 t ^!  
gr& evaluations are ( ! v ess5ce (      
religion & h5ce are *>act]i/ic ( !      
prea*]'s task4 ,&1 f9ally1 x appe>s t   
ours is an age :i* calls = su* r$ef9+ ( 
its values1 "s fre% & inclusive moral & 
religi\s e/imates4 ,h5ce we und]take !  
task4  ,!re rema9s b "o ?+ m to be      
accompli%$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! problem ( !  
selection & arrangem5t ( ! mat]ial = su*
 a summ>y is n an easy "o4 ,out ( sev]al
 possible devices ,i h tak5 z !         
framework on :i* to hang ^! discussions 

?ree famili> divisions ( ?\ght & feel+1 
) _! accompany+ laws ( conduct1 & value 
judgm5ts4 ,!y are ! humani/ic or        
classic2 ! naturali/ic or primitive2 & !
 religi\s or transc5d5t int]pretation ( 
! _w & life4 ,"o sets up a social1 "o an
 individual1 & "o a univ]sal /&>d4 ,"u !
 movem5ts :i* ^! head+s repres5t we c   
mo/ easily & cle>ly ord] & appraise !   
*ief influ5ces ( ! ,prote/ant c5turies4 
,! fir/ two are l>gely prempt+ betwe5   
!m1 at ?is mom5t1 ! field ( human ?\ght 
& conduct & a brief analysis ( !m1      
contra/+ _! g5]al attitudes1 may s]ve z 
a fit introduction to ! ensu+ *apt]4    
,we beg91 !n1 ) ! humani/4 ,he is ! man 
:o ignores1 z unnecess>y1 any direct    
ref]5ce to1 or connection )1 ultimate or
 sup]natural values4 ,he lives 9 a high 
b self-conta9$ _w4 ,8 is man's univ]se4 
,8 law is ! law ( reasonable            
self-discipl9e1 f\nd$ on obs]vation (   
nature & a respect = social values1 &   
buttress$ by high human pride4 ,he      
accepts ! au?ority ( ! collective       

exp]i5ce ( 8 g5]ation or 8 race4 ,he    
believes1 c5trally1 9 ! tru/wor?9ess (  
human nature1 9 its gr\p capacity4 ,m51 
z a race1 h intellig5tly obs]v$ &       
exp]im5t$ ) bo? !mselves & ! _w ab\t !m4
 ,out ( c5turies ( critical reflection &
 sad & wise endeavor1 !y h evolv$ c]ta9 
crit]ia ( exp]i5ce4 ,^! summations c\ld 
h>dly be call$ et]nal laws b !y are     
/&>ds2 !y are ! p]mits & prohibitions = 
human life4 ,"s ( !m affect p]sonal     
conduct & are moral /&>ds2 "s ( !m      
affect civil gov]nm5t & are political   
axioms2 "s ( !m affect production &     
di/ribution & are economic laws2 "s ( !m
 affect social relation%ips4 ,b 9 e case
 ! humani/ has :at is1 9 a s5se1 an     
objective because a =mal /&>d2 he looks 
)\t himself z an individual1 yet to     
himself z a "p ( ! composite exp]i5ce & 
wisdom ( 8 race1 = und]/&+ & = guides4  
,?us ! individual con=ms to ! ne$s &    
wisdom ( ! gr\p4 ,humanism1 at its be/1 
has some?+ h]oic1 unselfi%1 noble ab\t  
x4 ,its vot>ies d n eat to _! lik+ nor  

dr9k to _! ?ir/4 ,!y le>n deep lessons  
almo/ unconsci\sly2 to conqu] _!        
desires1 to make light ( toil & pa9 &   
discom=t2 ! true humani/ is well aw>e t 
,sp>tan discipl9e is incomp>ably sup]ior
 to ,greek accid5ce4 ,?is is :at "o ( ! 
greate/ ( !m1 ,goe!1 meant :5 he said3  
,any?+ :i* emancipates ! _s )\t a       
correspond+ gr[? 9 self-ma/]y is        
p]nici\s4  ,all humani/s !n h two       
*>act]i/ics 9 common3 fir/1 !y assume t 
man is 8 own arbit]1 has bo? ! requisite
 intellig5ce & ! moral ability to       
control 8 own de/9y2 secondly1 !y place 
! s\rce & crit]ion ( ?is p[] 9          
collective wisdom1 n 9 individual vag>y 
& n 9 div9e revelation4 ,!y ass]t1      
!re=e1 t ! law ( ! gr\p1 ! p]fect$ &    
wr\ght out code ( human exp]i5ce1 is all
 t is b9d+ & all t is ess5tial4 ,to be  
sure1 & mo/ significantly1 ?is au?ority 
is n rigid1 complete1 fix$4 ,!re is no?+
 complete 9 ! humani/'s _w4 ,exp]i5ce   
accumulates & man's k gr[s2 !           
expectation & joy 9 progress is a "p (  

x2 man's code *anges1 em5ds1 exp&s ) 8  
onw>d m>*+4 ,b ! humani/ic po9t ( view  
assumes some?+ relatively /able 9 life4 
,h5ce our phrase t humanism gives u a   
classic1 t is to say1 a simple &        
e/abli%$ /&>d4  ,x is to be obs]v$ t !re
 is no?+ 9 humanism ?us def9$ :i* ne$ be
 incompatible ) religion4 ,x is n ) its 
cont5t b its incomplet5ess t we qu>rel4 
,inde$1 9 its ass]tion ( ! tru/wor?9ess 
( human exp]i5ce1 its fai? 9 ! dignity &
 significance ( man1 its respect = !    
int]e/s ( ! gr\p1 & its conviction t man
 f9ds 8 true self only outside 8        
imm$iate physical p]son1 beyond 8       
mat]ial wants & desires1 x is q g5u9ely 
a "p ( ! religi\s und]/&+4 ,b we %all h 
occasion to obs]ve t :ile mu* ( ?is may 
be religi\s ?is is n ! :ole ( religion4 
,= ! note ( univ]sality is abs5t4       
,humanism is ess5tially ari/ocratic4 ,x 
is = a select$ gr\p t x is practicable &
 x is a select$ exp]i5ce ^u :i* x re/s4 
,its /&>ds are esot]ic r ?an democratic4
 ,yet x is h>dly necess>y to po9t out ! 

imm5se "p :i* humanism1 z ?us def9$1 is 
play+ 9 pres5t life4  ,b !re is ano!r   
law :i*1 f remote/ times1 man has foll[$
 :5ev] he d>$4 ,x is n ! law ( ! gr\p b 
( ! individual1 n ! law ( civilization b
 ( ! jungle4 ,mo/ m51 says ,ari/otle1   
w\ld r live 9 a disord]ly ?an a sob]    
mann]4 ,he means t mo/ m5 w\ld r consult
 & gratify _! imm$iate w1 _! ne>e/      
*oices1 _! in/antane\s desires1 ?an     
con=m ! mom5t to "s regulat$ &          
consid]ate1 "s compreh5sive s*eme ( life
 & action4 ,! life ( unreason is _!     
desire2 ! exp]i5ce ^: b5t is det]m9$ by 
e :im1 ! expression :i* has no rational 
connection ) ! pa/ & no s]i\s           
consid]ation = ! future4 ,?is is ( ! v  
ess5ce ( lawlessness because x is revolt
 aga9/ ! normal sequ5ce ( law & effect1 
9 m9d & conduct1 9 favor ( untrammel$   
adv5ture4  ,n[ ?is is naturalism or     
paganism z we (t5 call x4 ,naturalism is
 a p]v]sion ( t high in/9ct 9 mank9d :i*
 issues 9 ! old concept (               
sup]naturalism4 ,! sup]naturali/1 ( a   

=m] & discr$it$ type1 believ$ t ,god    
violates ! ord] ( nature = sublime ends2
 t ,he breaks into ,8 own _w1 s to      
speak1 reveal+ ,himself 9 prodigi\s1    
inexplicable1 arbitr>y ways4 ,by a sort 
( degradation ( ?is notion1 a p]v]sion (
 ?is in/9ct1 ! naturali/ assumes t he c 
violate bo? ! human & ! div9e law =     
p]sonal ends1 & express himself 9       
fanta/ic or indec5t or impi\s ways4 ,!  
old] sup]naturalism exalts !            
individualism ( ! ,creator2 naturalism !
 egotism ( ! creature4 ,i make ! contra/
 n m]ely to excoriate naturalism1 b to  
po9t out ! int]dep5d5ce betwe5 man's    
app>5tly f>-sep>at$ expressions ( 8 _s1 
& h[ subtly mislead+ are our highly     
priz$ di/9ctions1 h[ dang]\s sometimes t
 second>y m5tal p[] :i* multiplies !m4  
,x sob]s & cl>ifies human ?9k+ a little1
 p]haps1 to reflect on h[ ?9 a l9e      
sep>ates ! sublime & ! ridicul\s1 ! sa9t
 & ! s5suali/1 ! m>tyr & ! fool1 ! g5ius
 & ! freak4  ,n[1 ) ?is selfi%          
individualism :i* we call naturalism we 

%all h mu* to d1 = x plays an increas+  
rle 9 ! mod]n _w2 x is ! neo-paganism   
:i* we may see spread+ ab\t u4          
,sophi/ries ( all k9ds become ! p[]ful  
allies ( ?is sort ( moral & ae/hetic    
an>*y4 ,its vot>ies are ^? sorts (      
rebels :o inv>iably make _! m9ds n _!   
fri5ds b _! accomplices4 ,!y are +5i\s 9
 ! art ( lett+ !mselves g & at ! same "t
 ?9k+ !mselves controll$ & praisewor?y4 
,! naturali/1 !n1 ignores ! gr\p2 he    
flaunts imp>tially bo? ! classic & !    
religi\s law4 ,he is equally unwill+ to 
submit to a p[] impos$ f above & )\t1 or
 to accept ^? re/rictions ( society1    
self-impos$ by man's own codifi$ &      
correct$ obs]vations ( ! natural _w & 8 
own impulses4 ,he je]s at ! "o z        
hypocrisy & sup]/ition & at ! o!r z m]e 
middle-class respectability4 ,he himself
 is ! p]petual ,ajax /&+ defiant ^u !   
headl& ( 8 own inflam$ desires1 & sc(f+ 
at ! lightn+s ei!r ( heav5 or society4  
,nei!r dev\tness nor progress b m]e     
p]sonal expansion is 8 goal4 ,! humani/ 

curbs bo? ! fle% & ! imag9ation by a    
high doctr9e ( exp$i5cy4 ,natural values
 are always critically apprais$ 9 !     
light ( humane values1 :i* is ne>ly1 if 
n q1 ! same z say+ t ! individual       
desires & delights mu/ be con=m$ to !   
/&>ds ( ! gr\p4 ,!re c be no an>*y ( !  
imag9ation1 no lic5se ( ! m9d1 no       
unbridl$ w4 ,humanism1 no less ?an      
religion1 is nobly1 ?\gh n s deeply1    
traditional4 ,b !re is no tradition to !
 naturali/2 n ! normal & repres5tative1 
b ! unique & spectacul> is 8 goal4      
,novelty & expansion1 n =m & proportion1
 are 8 goddesses4 ,n tru? & duty1 b     
in/9ct & appetite1 are 9 ! saddle4 ,he w
 try any horrid exp]im5t f :i* he may   
d]ive a new s5sation4  ,ov] aga9/ !m bo?
 /&s ! man ( religion ) 8 vision ( !    
:ole & 8 consequ5t law ( pr\d humility4 
,! next ?ree *apt]s w try to discuss 9  
detail ^! sev]al attitudes t[>d life &  
_! respective manife/ations 9           
contempor>y society4     ,,*apt] ,,two  
,,! ,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,zion ,,& ,,! ,,sons  

,,( ,,greece   ,we are n us+ ! t]m      
humanism 9 ?is *apt] 9 its /rictly      
te*nical s5se4 ,because we are n conc]n$
 ) ! hi/ory ( ?\ght m]ely1 b also ) its 
practical embodim5ts 9 v>i\s social     
organizations z well4 ,s we mean by     
humanism n only ^? modes & sy/ems (     
?\ght 9 :i* human int]e/s pr$om9ate b   
also ! pres5t economic1 political &     
ecclesia/ical in/itutions :i* m or less 
consi/5tly express !m4 ,h5ce1 ! t]m z   
us$ w include concepts n always agree+ )
 ea* o!r1 & sometimes only semi-relat$  
to ! ma9 /ream ( ! movem5t4 ,?is ne$ n  
tr\ble u4 ,/rict intellectual consi/5cy 
is a fasc9at+ & impossible goal (       
probably dubi\s value4 ,moreov]1 x is   
?is :ole expression ( ! "t _s :i* ba!s !
 s5sitive p]sonality ( ! prea*]1 p]suad+
 & m\ld+ him q z mu* by its d]iv$ &     
concrete manife/ations 9 contempor>y    
society z by its ess5tial & ab/ract     
pr9ciples4  ,!re are !n two sets ( m$ia 
?r\gh :i* humanism has affect$ prea*+4  
,! fir/ are philosophical & f9d _!      

expression 9 a l>ge body ( lit]ature :i*
 has be5 m\ld+ ?\ght & feel+ = ne>ly f\r
 c5turies4 ,humanism beg9s ) ! g5]al    
ab/ract assumption t all :i* m5 c "k1 or
 ne$ to "k1 are natural & human values2 
t !y h no means ( gett+ outside !       
inexorable circle ( _! own exp]i5ce4    
,mu*1 ( c\rse1 dep5ds "h ^u ! s5se 9 :i*
 ! ^w exp]i5ce is us$4 ,! assumption ne$
 n necess>ily be *all5g$ except :]e1 z  
is v (t5 ! case1 an arbitr>ily limit$   
def9ition ( exp]i5ce is int5d$4 ,f ?is  
g5]al assumption fl[s ! subjective !ory 
( morals2 f x is d]iv$ ! conviction t ! 
rationali/ic values 9 religion are !    
only real1 or at lea/ demon/rable1 ones2
 & h5ce f ?is comes ! %ift+ ( ! seat (  
religi\s au?ority f revelation to       
exp]i5ce4 ,9 s f> z ?is is a correction 
( emphasis only1 or ! ab&onm5t ( a      
mislead+ t]m r ?an ! d5ial ( "o ( !     
areas & modes ( und]/&+1 aga9 we h no   
qu>rel ) x4 ,b if x means an exclusion (
 ! sup]s5su\s s\rces ( k or ! d5ial ( ! 
exi/5ce ( absolute values z ! s\rce (   

our relative & subjective und]/&+1 !n x 
/rikes at ! he>t ( religion4 ,because ! 
religi\s life is built on ^? factors (  
exp]i5ce t lie above ! /rictly rational 
realm ( consci\sness j z ! pagan view   
re/s on primitive in/9cts t lie b5ea? x4
 ,( c\rse1 9 ass]t+ ! importance ( ^!   
sup]s5su\s values ! religioni/ does n   
mean t !y are beyond ! rea* ( human     
appraisal or unrelat$ by _! nature to ! 
re/ ( our und]/&+4 ,by ! intuitive he   
does n mean ! uncritical nor by !       
sup]s5su\s ! sup]natural 9 ! old &      
discr$it$ s5se ( an arbitr>y & miracul\s
 revelation4 ,my/icism is n sup]/ition1 
nor are ! insights ( ! poet ! :imsies ( 
! m]e impressioni/4 ,b he insi/s t !    
humani/1 9 8 ord9>y def9ition (         
exp]i5ce1 ignores or d5ies ^!           
sup]rational values4 ,9 opposition to   
him he re/s 8 fai? on t def9ition (     
exp]i5ce :i* und]lies ,ari/otle's       
/atem5t t ! intellect is dep5d5t ^u     
intuition = k bo? ( :at is bel[ & :at is
 above itself4  ,n[ x is ?is fir/ set ( 

factors :i* are ! m important4 ,= !     
cause1 z di/+ui%$ f ! occasions1 ( our  
pres5t religi\s scale ( values is1 l all
 major causes1 n practical b ideal1 &   
its roots are f\nd f> b5ea? ! soil ( !  
pres5t 9 ! beg9n+s ( ! mod]n age 9 !    
f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 !n t our _w 0 born2
 x is ( ! ess5ce ( t _w t x arose out ( 
indiff]5ce t[>d speculative ?9k+ &      
unfai? 9 ^? concepts reg>d+ ! orig9 &   
de/9y ( mank9d :i* speculative          
philosophy tri$ to express & prove4  ,f 
! fir/1 !n1 humani/ic lead]s h n only   
frankly reject$ ! s*ola/ic !ologies1 :i*
 _h be5 ! traditional expression ( ^?   
absolute values ) :i* ! religi\s        
exp]i5ce is *iefly conc]n$1 b also      
ignor$ or reject$ ! exi/5ce ( ^? values 
!mselves4 ,?us ,petr>* is g5]ally       
consid]$ ! fir/ ( mod]n humani/s4 ,he n 
only speaks ( ,rome--mean+ ! :ole       
semi-political1 semi-ecclesia/ical      
/ructure ( dogmatic sup]naturalism--z t 
pr(ane ,babylon b also reveals 8        
rejection ( ! di/9ctively religi\s      

exp]i5ce itself by *>act]iz+ z an       
impud5t w5* ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,! attack  
is p>tly !re=e on ! fai? 9 transc5d5t   
values :i* fixes man's relative position
 by project+ him ^u ! scre5 ( an inf9ite
 exi/5ce & :i* ass]ts t he has an       
absolute1 t is1 an o!r-?an-human guide4 
,aga9 ,erasmus1 9 8 ,praise ( ,folly1   
d5\nces indiscrim9ately *ur*es1         
prie/hoods1 dogmas1 e?ical values1 !    
:ole /ructure ( organiz$ religion1 call+
 x ^? f\l smell+ we$s ( !ology4 ,x 0    
inevitable t su* m5 z ,erasmus & ,?omas 
,m %\ld hold alo( f ! ,re=mation1 n1 z  
has be5 sometimes ass]t$1 f any lack (  
moral c\rage b because ( intellectual   
conviction4 ,!y saw little to *oose     
betwe5 ,lu!ran1 ,calv9i/ic & ,romi%     
dogmatism4 ,!y _h reject$ n only        
m$iaeval ecclesia/icism b also t view ( 
! _w f\nd$ on sup]s5su\s values1 ^:     
p]si/5t intimations _h produc$ !        
speculative & s*ola/ic !ologies4 ,to !m1
 9 a q lit]al s5se1 ! prop] /udy (      
mank9d 0 man4  ,x is h>dly necess>y to  

speak "h ( ! attitude t[>ds ! old       
sup]natural religion tak5 by ! ,engli%  
,dei/s ( ! la/ half ( ! sev5te5? & fir/ 
half ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,"h 0 ! fir/  
def9ite /ruggle ( ! ,engli% *ur* ) a    
gr\p ( ?9k]s :o1 "u ! lead]%ip (        
,%aftesbury1 ,bol+broke & o!rs1 attempt$
 to adapt humani/ic philosophy to       
!ological speculation1 to e/abli% !     
suffici5cy ( natural religion z oppos$  
to revelation1 & to d5y ! unique        
significance ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t   
,scriptures4 ,! ,engli% ,dei/s 7 n deep 
or compreh5sive ?9k]s1 b !y 7 typically 
humani/ic 9 t _! int]e/s 7 n ma9ly      
!ological or religi\s b r ^? ( a g5]al  
culture4 ,!y 7 inconsi/5t ) _! humanism 
9 _! doctr9e ( a p]sonal ,god :o 0 n    
only remote b sep>at$ f 8 univ]se1 a    
deus ex ma*9a :o exclud$ ! idea (       
imman5ce4 ,:ile less influ5tial 9       
,engl&1 !y _h a p[]ful effect ^u ,fr5* &
 ,g]man ?9k+4 ,bo? ,voltaire & ,r\sseau 
7 rationali/s & ,dei/s to ! end ( _!    
days & bo? 7 unwe>i$ foes ( any         

o!r-?an-natural s\rces = our spiritual k
 & religi\s values4  ,9 ,g]many !       
humani/ic movem5t cont9u$ "u ,h]d] & 8  
y\ng] contempor>ies1 ,s*ill] & ,goe!4   
,its hi/orical horizon1 racial & lit]>y 
sympa?ies1 broad5$ "u _! direction1 mov+
 f>!r & f>!r beyond ! s\rces & areas (  
accept$ religi\s ideas & practices4 ,!y 
l$ ! revival ( /udy ( ! ,aryan languages
 & cultures2 especially ^? ( ! ,hell5es 
& ! inhabitants ( ! ,indian p59sula4 ,!y
 orig9at$ t critical & r ho/ile scrut9y 
( ,semitic ideas & values 9 pres5t      
civilization1 :i* plays no small "p 9 ! 
dilettante naturalism ( ! mom5t4 ,?us ! 
nature & place ( man1 "u ! influ5ce ( ^!
 un9spir$ lit]atures & cultures1 became 
m & m important z bo? 8 p]son & 8       
position 9 ! cosmos ceas$ to be         
int]pret$ ei!r 9 ^? t]ms ( ! moral      
transc5d5ce ( deity1 or ( ! helplessness
 & insignificance ( 8 creatures1 :i*    
in=m bo? ! ,jewi%-,*ri/ian ,scriptures &
 ! philosophic absolutism ( ! ,ca?olic  
!ologies4  ,b ! humanism ( ! eighte5?   

c5tury comes mo/ closely to grips ) !   
classic /atem5ts & concepts ( religion 9
 ! critical philosophy ( ,kant4 ,x is ! 
intellectual curr5t :i* rises 9 him :i* 
is f9d+ its la/ multif>i\s & m9ute      
rivulets 9 ! v>i\s doctr9es (           
relativity1 9 pragmatism1 ! subjectivism
 ( ! neo-reali/s1 & 9 ! sup]ior place   
g5]ally ascrib$ by pres5t ?9k+ to value 
judgm5ts z aga9/ exi/5tial ones4 ,8     
c5tral insi/5ce is ^u ! impossibility ( 
any k ( ,god z an objective reality4    
,speculative reason does inde$ give u ! 
idea ( ,god b he d5ies t we h 9 ! idea  
itself any gr\nd = ?9k+ t !re is an     
objective reality correspond+ to x4 ,!  
idea he admits z necessitat$ by ! v     
nature ( reason b x s]ves a purely      
h>moniz+ (fice4 ,x is "h to give coh]5ce
 & unity to ! objects ( ! und]/&+1 to   
f9i% & cr[n ! :ole ( human k4#c         
,exp]i5ce ( transc5d5ce ?us becomes     
impossible4 ,z ,pr(essor ,mc,giffert 9  
,! ,mod]n ,ideas ( ,god says3           
,subjectively consid]$1 religion is !   

recognition ( our duties z comm&s (     
,god4 ,:5 we d our duty we are virtu\s2 
:5 we recognize x z comm&$ by ,god we   
are religi\s4 ,! notion t !re is any?+  
we c d to please ,god except to live    
rightly is sup]/ition4 ,moreov]1 to ?9k 
t we c di/+ui% works ( grace f works (  
nature1 :i* is ! ess5ce ( hi/oric       
,*ri/ianity1 or t we c detect ! activity
 ( heav5ly influ5ces is also sup]/ition4
 ,all su* sup]naturalism lies beyond our
 k54 ,!re are ?ree common =ms (         
sup]/ition1 all promot$ by positive     
religion3 ! belief 9 miracles1 ! belief 
9 my/]ies1 & ! belief 9 ! means (       
grace4#d ,s pray] is a confession (     
weakness1 n a s\rce ( /r5g?4  ,footnote 
#c3 ,see ,! ,critique ( ,pure ,reason   
7,mll]1 tr471 pp4 #ege ff4  ,footnote   
#d3 ,h>v>d ,!o4 ,rev41 vol4 ,i1 no4 #a1 
p4 #af4  ,kant is m ?an once pr(\ndly   
inconsi/5t ) ! extreme subjectivism ( 8 
!ory ( ideas z :5 he says 9 ! ,practical
 ,reason3 ,two ?+s fill ! m9d ) ev] new 
& increas+ admiration & awe ! (t5] & ! m

 /eadily we reflect on !m3 ! />ry heav5s
 above & ! moral law )94#e ,aga9 he     
rem>ks1 ,! belief 9 a great & wise      
,au?or ( ! _w has be5 support$ entirely 
by ! wond]ful beauty1 ord] & provid5ce1 
ev]y:]e display$ 9 nature4#f ,"h !      
objective reality bo? ( :at is pres5t$  
to our s5ses & :at is conceiv$ ( 9 !    
m9d1 is1 z ?\gh unconsci\sly1 tak5 =    
grant$4 ,?us :ile he cont5ds = a        
practical !ism1 ! v basis ( 8 int]e/    
/ill re/s 9 ! conviction ( a ,be+       
ext]nal to u & exi/+ indep5d5t ( our    
?\ght4  ,footnote #e3 ,! ,critique (    
,practical ,reason 7tr4 ,t4,k4 ,abbott71
 p4 #bfj4  ,footnote #f3 ,! ,critique ( 
,pure ,reason1 p4 #gjb4  ,b 8 int5tion (
 mak+ "r conduct ! ess5ce ( religion is 
typical ( ! limits ( humani/ic int]e/s &
 p]ceptions4 ,9 mak+ 8 division ( reason
 into ! !oretical & ! practical1 x is to
 ! latt] realm t he assigns morality &  
religion4 ,cle>ly ?is is g5u9e          
rationalism4 ,i am n =gett+ ,kant's     
great religi\s contribution4 ,he 0 ! son

 ( dev\t ,g]man pieti/s & saturat$ 9 !  
lit]ature ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x is to   
,amos1 :o may ju/ly be call$ 8 spiritual
 fa!r1 t he owes ! moral absolut5ess ( 8
 categorical imp]ative1 ! read+ ( hi/ory
 z a moral ord]4 ,he 0 foll[+ ,amos :5  
he took ,god out ( ! physical & put ,him
 into ! moral sph]e & int]pret$ ,him 9 !
 t]ms ( purpose4 ,b ! doctr9e ( ,!      
,critique ( ,practical ,reason is int5d$
 to negate ^? transc5d5t elem5ts g5]ally
 believ$ to be ! di/9ctive portions (   
religion4 ,god is n kn[n to u z an      
objective be+1 an entity )\t ourselves4 
,he is an idea1 a belief1 :i* gives     
mean+ to our e?ical life1 a subjective  
necessity4 ,he is a po/ulate ( ! moral  
w4 ,to quote ,pr(essor ,mc,giffert aga93
 ,we d n get ,god f ! univ]se1 we give  
,him to ! univ]se4 ,we read significance
 & moral purpose into x4 ,we assume     
,god1 n to acc\nt = ! _w1 b = !         
subjective ne$ ( realiz+ our highe/     
good4444 ,religion becomes a creative   
act ( ! moral w j z k is a creative act 

( ! und]/&+4#g ,?us !re are no ultimate 
values2 at lea/ we c "k no?+ ( !m2 we h 
no?+ to look to :i* is objective &      
*angeless4 ,! absolutism ( !            
,categorical ,imp]ative is a subjective 
"o1 b\nd$ by ourselves1 =m$ ( our       
sub/ance4 ,religion is n discov]$1 b    
self-creat$1 a sort ( sublime exp$i5cy4 
,x c c>ry1 !n1 no confid5t ass]tion z to
 ! mean+ & de/9y ( ! univ]se z a :ole4  
,footnote #g3 ,h4,t4,r41 vol4 ,i1 no4   
#a1 p4 #ah4  ,"h1 !n1 ! nature (        
morality1 ! inspiration = "*1 ! solution
 ( human de/9y1 are n s\ght outside 9 "s
 sort ( cosmic relation%ip1 b )91 ei!r 9
 ! exp]i5ce ( ! sup]man1 ! g5ius or !   
h]o1 or1 z lat]1 9 ! collective exp]i5ce
 & consci\sness ( ! gr\p4 ,?us ?is1 too1
 ?r[s man back ^u himself1 makes a new  
exaltation ( p]sonality 9 %>pe/ contra/ 
to ! s*ola/ic doctr9e ( ! futility &    
depravity ( human nature4 ,x produces ! 
ass]tion ( ! sacr$ "* ( ! individual    
human be+4 ,! conviction ( !            
immeasurable wor? ( man is1 ( c\rse1 a  

*>act]i/ic tea*+ ( ,jesus2 :at x is     
important = ! prea*] to rememb] 9       
humanism is ! s\rce1 n ! fact1 ( its    
e/imate4 ,) ,jesus man's is a d]iv$     
greatness f\nd 9 him z ! *ild ( !       
,et]nal2 9 humanism1 x is1 s to speak1  
self-orig9at$1 born ( pres5t wor?1 n (  
sublime orig9 or %9+ de/9y4  ,s man 9 ! 
humani/ic movem5t moves into ! c5t] ( 8 
own _w1 becomes himself ! measur+ rod   
ab\t :om all o!r values are gr\p$4 ,9 ! 
place ( inspiration1 or prophetic       
und]/&+1 :i* c>ries ! implications ( a  
transc5d5t s\rce ( tru? & goodness1 we h
 a %>ply limit$1 subjective wisdom &    
insight4 ,! ?us sai? ! ,"l ( ! ,hebrew  
prophet means no?+ "h4 ,! humani/ is1 ( 
c\rse1 confront$ ) ! et]nal "q ( orig9s1
 ( ! ?+-9-itself1 ! "q ^: insi/5ce makes
 ! cont9u+ wor? ( ! absoluti/           
speculations4 ,he begs ! "q by answ]+ x 
) an ass]tion1 n an explanation4 ,he    
meets x by an exaltation ( human g5ius4 
,g5ius expla9s all sublime a*ievem5ts & 
g5ius is1 s to speak1 its own fons et   

origo4 ,?us ,did]ot says3 ,g5ius is !   
high] activity ( ! s\l4 ,g5ius1 rem>ks  
,r\sseau 9 a lett]1 makes k unnecess>y4 
,& ,kant def9es g5ius z ! tal5t to      
discov] t :i* _c be taught or le>n$4#h  
,?is appe>s to be m ( an evasion ?an a  
def9ition6 ,b ! int5t "h is to ref] all 
t seems to transc5d mundane categories1 
man's highe/1 8 wide/1 8 sublime/       
intuitions & a*ievem5ts1 back to        
himself2 he is 8 own s\rce ( light &    
p[]4  ,footnote #h3 ,an?ropologie1 p>a4 
#hg c4  ,su* an an?ropoc5tric view (    
life & de/9y 9 exalt+ man1 ( c\rse1     
!reby lib]at$ him1 n m]ely f            
ecclesia/ical dom9ation1 b also f ^?    
illusive fe>s & que/ion+s1 ^? remote &  
imag9ative e/imates ( 8 own int5d$ wor? 
& ^? consequ5t exact+ dem&s ^u himself  
:i* are a "p ( ! religi\s int]pretation 
( life4 ,humani/ic writ+ is full ( !    
exult+ s5se ( ?is emancipation4 ,^!     
sup]consid]ations d n belong 9 ! _w (   
exp]i5ce z ! humani/ ord9>ily conceives 
( x4 ,h5ce1 man lives 9 an imm5sely     

contract$1 b a v real & tangible _w & )9
 ! small exp]im5tal circumf]5ce ( x1 he 
holds a f> l>g] place 7f "o viewpo9t1 a 
f> small] "o f ano!r7 ?an t ( a f9ite   
creature caught 9 ! sn>e ( ?is _w & yet 
a *ild ( ! ,et]nal1 hav+ inf9ite        
de/9ies4 ,! humani/ sees man z fre$ f ! 
tyranny ( ?is sup]natural revelation &  
laws4 ,he rejoices ov] man because n[ he
 /&s1          self-pois$ on manhood's  
solid e>?   ,n =c$ to frame excuses = 8 
bir?1   ,f$ f )9 ) all ! /r5g? he ne$s4 
,x is ?is s5se ( indep5d5ce :i* ar\ses 9
 ,goe! a p]5nial en?usiasm4 ,x is !     
greate/ bliss1 he says1 t ! humani/ won 
back = u4 ,h5ce=?1 we mu/ /rive ) all   
our p[] to keep x4  ,we h attempt$ ?is  
brief sket* ( "o ( ! *ief s\rces ( !    
contempor>y ?\ght movem5t1 t we may     
realize ! pit :5ce we 7 digg$1 ! qu>ry f
 :i* _m corn] /ones 9 ! pres5t edifice (
 civilization 7 dug4 ,! prea*] t5ds to  
und]e/imate ! compreh5sive "* ( !       
p]vasive ideas1 work$ into _m           
in/itutions & practices1 :i* are        

cont9ually imp++ ^u him & 8 message4 ,!y
 =m a p]petual attrition1 work+ sil5tly 
& ceaselessly day & night1 we>+ away !  
di/9ctively religi\s conceptions ( !    
community4 ,mu* ( ! vagu5ess &          
s5tim5talism ( pres5t prea*+1 its       
uncritical impressionism1 is due to !   
influ5ce ( ! non-religi\s or1 at lea/1 !
 insuffici5tly religi\s "* ( ! rul+     
ideas & motives outside ! *ur* :i* are  
imp++ ^u x1 & ^u ! re/ ( ! ?9k+ ( !     
mom5t4  ,n[1 ?is ab/ract humanism ( !   
sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies _h a       
consid]able influ5ce ^u e>ly ,am]ican   
prea*+4 ,! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury 
m>k$ a break+ away f ! ,prote/ant       
s*ola/icism ( ! ,re=mation !ology4 ,!   
,fr5* ,revolution acc5t$ & made         
op]ative1 ev5 across ! ,atlantic1 !     
typical humani/ic concepts ( ! rights ( 
man & ! sov]eignty ( ! individual p]son4
 ,skepticism & ev5 a!ism became a fa%ion
 9 our infant republic4 ,x 0 a m>k (    
sophi/ication ) _m educat$ m5 to reg>d  
,*ri/ianity z n wor?y ( s]i\s           

consid]ation4 ,college /ud5ts mode/ly   
admitt$ t !y 7 infidels & ) a delici\s  
navet assum$ ! names ( ,voltaire1 ,?omas
 ,pa9e & ev5 ( t notori\s & notable     
egoti/ ,r\sseau4 ,x is said t 9 #agie1  
on ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,presid5t           
adm9i/ration 9 ,yale ,college1 only ?ree
 und]graduates rema9$ aft] s]vice to    
take ! sacram5t4 ,! reasons 7 p>tly     
political1 probably1 b ^! !mselves 7    
gr\nd$ 9 ! new philosophical1           
anti-religi\s attitude4  ,( c\rse1 ?is  
affect$ ! *ur*es4 ,!re 0 a reaction f   
,prote/ant s*ola/icism )9 !m :i*1 lat]  
on1 culm9at$ 9 ,unit>ianism1            
,univ]salism & ,arm9ianism4 ,! mo/      
significant ?+ 9 ! ,unit>ian movem5t 0 n
 its rejection ( ! ,tr9it>ian           
speculation1 b its positive contribution
 to ! reass]tion ( ,jesus' doctr9e ( !  
wor? & dignity ( human nature4 ,b x     
recov]$ t doctr9e mu* m by ! way (      
humani/ic philosophy ?an by way ( !     
tea*+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,i suppose ! ?+
 :i* has made ! weakness ( ! ,unit>ian  

movem5t1 its ackn[l$g$ lack ( religi\s  
w>m? & feel+1 is due n to ! place :]e x 
/&s1 b to ! road by :i* x got !re4      
,yet1 take x = all 9 all1 ! effect ^u ! 
prea*+ ( ! sup]natural & speculative    
doctr9es & insights ( ,*ri/ianity1 0 n 9
 ,am]ica z great z might be expect$4    
,kant di$ 9 #ahjd1 & ,goe! 9 #ahcb1 b   
only 9 ! la/ sixty ye>s has ! prea*+ ( !
 evangelical *ur*es be5 fundam5tally    
affect$ by ! prevail+ intellectual      
curr5ts ( ! day4 ,?is is due1 ,i ?9k1 to
 two causes4 ,"o 0 ! nature ( ! ,g]man  
,re=mation4 ,x f\nd prea*+ at a l[ ebb4 
,e great =ce1 s*ola/ic1 popul>1 my/ical1
 :i* _h contribut$ to ! spl5dor ( !     
m$iaeval pulpit _h fall5 into decay1 & !
 widespread moral laxity ( ! cl]gy      
preclud$ spiritual insight4 ,!          
,re=mation1 ) its e?ical & political    
int]e/s1 reviv$ prea*+ & by ! nature (  
^! same int]e/s fix$ ! limits & det]m9$ 
! direction )9 :i* x %\ld develop4 ,x is
 important to rememb] t ,lu!r did n     
break ) ! old !ological sy/em4 ,he      

cont9u$ 8 belief 9 an au?ority &        
revelation ant]ior1 ext]ior & sup]ior to
 man1 m]ely %ift+ ! locus ( t au?ority f
 ! ,*ur* to ! ,book4 ,?us he pav$ ! way 
= ,zw+li & ! ,prote/ant s*ola/icism :i* 
became m rigid & /]ile ?an ! ,ca?olic   
:i* x succe$$4 ,we usually reg>d !      
,re=mation z a "p ( ! ,r5aissance & h5ce
 includ$ 9 ! humani/ic movem5t4         
,politically & religi\sly1 x und\bt$ly  
%\ld be s reg>d$1 = x 0 a *ief factor 9 
! r5ewal ( ,g]man nationalism & its     
c5tral doctr9es ( ju/ification by fai?1 
& ! "r ( ea* sep>ate believ] to an      
unm$iat$ access to ! ,highe/1 exalt$ !  
integrity & dignity ( ! individual4     
,inconsi/5tly1 h[ev]1 x cont9u$ ! old   
!ological tradition4 ,9 ! ,lu!ran sy/em1
 says ,paul de ,lag>de1 we see !        
,ca?olic s*ola/ic /ructure /&+ unt\*$ ) 
! exception ( a few loci4 ,& ,h>nack1 9 
! ,dogm5ges*i*te calls x a mis]able     
duplication ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4  ,n[1   
,new ,engl& prea*+1 x is true1 f\nd its 
*ief roots 9 ,calv9ism2 ,calv91 r ?an   

,lu!r1 0 ! religi\s lead] ( ! ,re=mation
 outside ,g]many4 ,b 8 sy/em1 also1 is  
only ! cont9uation ( ! anci5t philosophy
 ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? orig9at+ ) ,augu/9e4 
,he r$uc$ x to ord]1 exp\nd$ x ) en]gy &
 consi/5cy1 b "o has only to recall its 
major doctr9es ( ! depravity ( man1 !   
atonem5t = s91 ! irresi/ible grace ( !  
,holy ,_s1 to see h[ unt\*$ x 0 by !    
*>act]i/ic po/ulates ( ! new humanism4  
,& x 0 on 8 !ology t ,new ,engl& prea*+ 
0 f\nd$4 ,x 0 ,calv9 :o1 ?r\gh ,jona?an 
,edw>ds1 ! eld] & ! y\ng]1 ,joseph      
,bellamy1 ,samuel ,hopk9s1 ,na?aniel    
,emmons1 ,na?aniel ,n4 ,taylor1 det]m9$ 
! c\rse ( ! ,new ,engl& pulpit4  ,! o!r 
reason = our relative immunity f        
humani/ic influ5ce is accid5tal &       
complem5t>y m]ely4 ,x is ! m]e fact (   
our physical isolation1 :i*1 until ! la/
 sev5ty-five ye>s1 q l>gely %ut (f ?9k]s
 "h f cont95tal & ,engli% curr5ts (     
?\ght & contribut$ to ! brilliant1 if   
/]ile1 prov9cialism ( ! ,new ,engl&     
!ology4  ,x is1 !re=e1 to ! second set (

 m$ia1 :i* may be g5]ally *>act]iz$ z   
sci5tific & practical1 t we n[ turn4 ,^!
 are ! =ces :i* app>5tly are mo/ affect+
 ,*ri/ian prea*+ at ?is mom5t4 ,b x is  
important to rememb] t a l>ge "p ( _!   
influ5ce is to be trac$ to ! philosophic
 & e?ical t5d5cies ( ! e>li] humani/ic  
movem5t :i* _h set ! sc5e = !m1 to :i*  
!y are s sympa!tic t we may ass]t t x is
 9 !m t _! practical int]e/s are gr\nd$ 
& by !m t _! sci5tific me?ods are       
re9=c$4 ,i divide ?is second gr\p (     
m$ia1 = cle>ness1 "u ?ree heads4  ,fir/ 
comes ! rise ( ! natural sci5ces4 ,9    
#ahei1 ,d>w9 publi%$ ! ,orig9 ( ,species
 & gave to ! _w ! evolution>y hypo!sis1 
=e%ad[$ by ,goe! & o!r eighte5?-c5tury  
?9k]s1 simultane\sly =mulat$ by ,wallace
 & himself4 ,"h is a !ory1 op5 to       
objections c]ta9ly1 n yet conclusively  
demon/rat$1 b ! mo/ probable "o :i* we  
yet possess1 z to ! me?od ( ! appe>ance 
& ! cont9uance ( life ^u ! planet4 ,x   
conceives ( creation z an unimag9ably   
long & intricate developm5t f !         

inorganic to ! organic1 f simple to     
complex =ms ( life4 ,l ,kantianism & !  
humani/ic movem5t g5]ally1 ! evolution>y
 hypo!sis spr+s f reason$ obs]vation (  
man & nature1 n f any a priori or       
speculative process4 ,) ?is !ory1 long a
 regulative idea ( our _w1 prea*+ 0 =c$ 
to come to "s sort ( an und]/&+4 ,x     
/rikes a p[]ful bl[ at ! s*ola/ic notion
 ( a di*otomiz$ univ]se divid$ betwe5   
nature & sup]nature1 div9e & human4 ,x  
re9=c$ humanism by m9imiz+1 if n mak+   
unnecess>y1 ! objective & ext]nal s\rce 
& ext]nal int]pretations ( religions4 ,x
 pu%es back ! initial creative act until
 x is lo/ 9 ! mi/s & *aos ( an          
unimag9ably remote pa/4 ,mean:ile1      
creative en]gy1 ! v ess5ce ( transc5d5t 
life1 is1 z we "k x1 n transc5d5t at    
all1 b work+ outw>d f )91 a "p ( !      
process1 n above & beyond x4 ,!         
inevitable implication "h is t ,god is  
suffici5tly1 if n exclusively1 kn[n     
?r\gh natural & human m$ia4 ,sci5ce     
recognizes ,him 9 ! t]ms ( its own      

categories z 9 & ( ,8 _w1 a "p ( all its
 ongo+s & developm5ts4 ,b ,8 creative   
life is indi/+ui%able f1 if n id5tical  
)1 its expressions4 ,"h1 !n1 is a       
practical oblit]ation ( ! l9e once s    
%>ply drawn betwe5 ! natural & !        
sup]natural4 ,h5ce ! dem>cation betwe5 !
 div9e & human into mutually exclusive  
/ates has disappe>$4  ,?is w\ld seem1   
!n1 to wipe out also any k ( absolute   
values4 ,*ri/ian !ism has int]pret$ ,god
 l>gely 9 /atic1 f9al t]ms4 ,! crav+ = !
 absolute 9 ! human m9d1 z witness$ by !
 long c\rse ( ! hi/ory ( ?\ght1 z       
pa!tically witness$ to 9 ! mixture (    
*ican]y1 fanaticism & insight ( ! mod]n 
my/ical & occult heal+ sects1 is c5tral 
& immeasurable4 ,b ,god1 f\nd1 if at    
all1 9 ! t]ms ( a pres5t process1 is n  
/atic & absolute1 b dynamic & relative2 
indef9ite1 incomplete1 n f9al4 ,& man's 
imm5se diff]5ce f ,him1 t s5se ( !      
immeasurable space betwe5 creator &     
creat$1 is /rangely contract$4 ,! gulf  
betwe5 hol9ess & guilt9ess t5ds also to 

disappe>4 ,= our life w\ld appe> to be  
pla/ic & indef9ite1 a process r ?an a   
/ate1 n op5 !n to conclusive moral      
e/imates2 incomplete1 n fall52 life an  
ord]ly process1 h5ce n p]v]se b         
def5sible2 )\t kn[n breaks or           
infr+em5ts1 h5ce relatively normal &    
suffici5tly intelligible4  ,a second    
factor 0 ! rise ( ! humane sci5ces4 ,9 !
 sev5? & eigh? decades ( ! la/ c5tury m5
 7 absorb$ 9 ! discov]y ( ! nature &    
ext5t ( ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,b beg9n+    
ab\t #ahij1 int]e/ sw]v$ aga9 t[>d man z
 its mo/ reveal+ /udy & mo/ significant 
inhabitant4 ,an?ropology1 e?nology1     
sociology1 physical & functional        
psy*ology1 came to ! front4 ,especially 
! humane /udies ( political sci5ce &    
indu/rial economics 7 magnifi$ because (
 ! new & urg5t problems born ( an       
indu/rial civilization & a capitali/ic  
/ate4 ,! inv5tion & p]fection ( !       
indu/rial ma*9e _h by n[ ?or\ghly       
dislocat$ =m] social gr\p+s1 made its   
own e?ical /&>ds & human problems4 ,9 ! 

e>ly days ( ! labor movem5t ,william    
,morris wrote1 we h become slaves ( !   
mon/] to :i* inv5tion has giv5 bir?4 ,9 
#ahec1 %ortly aft] ! introduction ( !   
cotton g9 into ,india1 ! ,vic]oy wrote3 
,! mis]y is sc>cely p>allel$ 9 ! hi/ory 
( trade4 7,a l>ge /atem5t t67 ,! bones (
 ! cotton work]s :it5 ! pla9s ( ,india4 
,b ! tempor>y suff]+ caus$ by ! imm$iate
 cr[d+ out ( cottage indu/ry & ! abrupt 
increase 9 production 0 insignificant   
beside ! deep] influ5ce1 physical1      
moral1 m5tal1 ( ! ma*9e 9 *ang+ !       
p]man5t habitat & ! entire mode ( liv+ =
 millions ( human be+s4 ,x remov$ !m f  
^? heal?y rural surr\nd+s :i* pres]ve ! 
half-primitive1 half-poetic insight into
 ! nature ( ?+s :i* comes f relative    
isolation & close contact ) ! soil1 to !
 n]v\s t5sion1 ! amoral conditions1 !   
airless1 lightless ugl9ess ( ! e>ly     
factory settlem5ts4 ,"h liv+ conditions 
7 n m]ely bea/ly2 !y 7 (t5 be/ial4 ,!   
economic helplessness ( ! factory h&s   
r$uc$ !m to ess5tial slav]y4 ,!y mu/    

live :]e ! factory 01 & c\ld "w only 9  
"o factory1 = !y c\ld n af=d to move4   
,h5ce !y mu/ obey _! indu/rial ma/] 9 e 
p>ticul>1 s9ce ! raw mat]ial1 ! plant1 !
 tools1 ! v ro( t cov]$ !m1 7 all 86 ,9 
?is new human condition 0 a p[]ful      
re9=cem5t1 f ano!r angle ( approa*1 ( ! 
humani/ic impulse4 ,man's int]e/ 9      
himself1 :i* _h be5 sometimes t ( !     
dilettante1 l>gely imag9ative & ev5     
s5tim5tal1 0 re9=c$ by man's new di/ress
 & became concrete & sci5tific4  ,?us   
man reg>d$ himself & 8 own _w ) a new & 
urg5t att5tion4 ,! me?ods & second>y    
causes ( 8 intellectual1 emotional &    
volitional life began to be laid b>e4 ,!
 new situation reveal$ ! imm5se "p play$
 9 %ap+ ! p]sonality & ! fate ( !       
individual by inh]itance & environm5t4  
,! ,freudian doctr9e1 :i* traces conduct
 & habit back to e>ly or pr5atal        
repressions1 /r5g!ns ! int]e/ 9 !       
physical & mat]iali/ic s\rces ( "* &    
conduct 9 human life4 ,behaviori/ic     
psy*ology1 int]pret+ human nature 9 t]ms

 ( obs]vation & action1 r ?an analysis &
 value judgm5ts1 does ! same4 ,x t5ds to
 put ! same emphasis ^u ! ext]nal &     
s5sationali/ic aspects ( human exp]i5ce4
  ,t1 !n1 :i* is a c5tral =ce 9         
religion1 ! s5se ( ! inscrutability (   
human nature1 ! feel+ ( awe be=e !      
natural processes1 :at ,paul call$ !    
my/]y ( iniquity & ! my/]y ( godl9ess1  
t5ds to disappe>4 ,wond] & confid5t     
curiosity succe$ humility & awe4 ,t :i* 
is ( ! ess5ce ( religion1 ! s5se (      
helplessness c\pl$ ) ! s5se (           
responsibility1 is /ifl$4 ,:atev] else !
 humane sci5ces h done1 !y h deep5$     
man's fasc9at$ & n>r[+ absorption 9     
himself & giv5 him app>5t reason to     
believe t by analyz+ ! iron *a9 ( cause 
& effect :i* b9ds ! process & admitt+ t 
x p]mits no deflection or v>iation1 he  
is mak+ ! fur!r que/ions z to ! orig91  
mean+ & de/9y ( t process ei!r futile or
 sup]flu\s4 ,s t1 9 brief1 ! *eck to    
speculative ?9k+ & ! repudiation (      
c5tral metaphysical concepts1 :i* !     

e>li] movem5t br\ght ab\t1 has be5      
acc5tuat$ & seal$ by ! humane sci5ces & 
! new & liv+ problems (f]$ !m =         
practical solution4 ,?us ! g5]ation n[  
end+ has be5 c>ri$ beyond ! po9t (      
combat+ anci5t doctr9es ( ,god & man1 to
 ! place :]e x has become comp>atively  
indiff]5t1 r ?an ho/ile1 to any doctr9e 
( ,god1 s absorb$ is x 9 ! physical     
functions1 ! temporal ne$s & ! mat]ial  
manife/ations ( human p]sonality4       
,f9ally1 z ! natural & humane sci5ces   
m>k new /eps 9 ! exp&+ humani/ic        
movem5t1 s 9 ^! la/ days1 critical      
s*ol>%ip1 itself l>gely a product ( !   
humani/ic viewpo9t1 has add$ ano!r      
factor to ! gr\p4 ,! new me?ods (       
hi/orical & lit]>y criticism1 (         
comp>ative inve/igation 9 religion & !  
o!r arts1 h ex]t$ a va/ influ5ce ^u     
contempor>y religi\s ?\ght4 ,!y h n     
m]ely complet$ ! breakd[n ( an arbitr>y 
& fix$ ext]nal au?ority & r5d]$ f9ally  
invalid ! notion ( equal or v]bal       
inspiration 9 sacr$ writ+s1 b ! pres5t  

t5d5cy1 especially 9 comp>ative         
religion1 is to seek ! s\rce ( all      
s-call$ religi\s exp]i5ce )9 ! human    
consci\sness2 p>ticul>ly to d]ive x all 
f gr\p exp]i5ce4 ,"h1 !n1 is a !ory (   
religi\s orig9s :i* once m turns ! _s ( 
man back ^u itself4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1    
,jane ,h>rison1 ,durkheim1 reject+ an   
e>li] animi/ic !ory1 f9d ! orig9 (      
religion n 9 contemplation ( ! natural  
_w & 9 ! intuitive p]ception ( some?+   
m-?an-_w :i* lies beh9d x1 b 9 ! gr\p   
exp]i5ce ^: height5$ emotional int5sity 
& n]v\s en]gy imp>ts to ! "o !          
exaltation ( ! _m4 ,smi?1 9 ! ,religion 
( ! ,semites1#i emphasizes1 z !         
fundam5tal conception ( anci5t religion1
 ! solid>ity ( ! gods & _! wor%ip]s z "p
 ( an organic society4 ,durkheim goes   
beyond ?is4 ,!re are n at ! beg9n+ m5 & 
gods1 b only ! social gr\p & !          
collective emotions & repres5tations :i*
 are g5]at$ ?r\gh memb]%ip 9 ! gr\p4    
,footnote #i3 ,p4 #cb4  ,"h1 !n1 is     
humanism aga9 c>ri$ to ! v he>t ( !     

citadel4 ,religion at its s\rce conta9s 
no real p]ceptions ( any extra-human =ce
 or p]son4 ,:at seem$ to be su*         
p]ceptions 7 only ! felt p>ticipation ( 
! individual 9 a collective consci\sness
 :i* is sup]9dividual1 b n sup]human &  
always cont9u\s ) ! individual          
consci\sness4 ,s t1 :atev] may or may n 
be true lat]1 ! beg9n+ ( man's          
metaphysical int]e/s1 8 cosmic          
consci\sness1 8 m-?an-human contacts1 is
 simply 8 social exp]i5ce1 8 collective 
emotions & repres5tations4 ,?us         
,durkheim3 ,we are able to say1 9 sum1 t
 ! religi\s individual does n deceive   
himself :5 he believes 9 ! exi/5ce ( a  
moral p[] ^u :i* he dep5ds & f :i* he   
holds ! l>g] portion ( himself4 ,t p[]  
exi/s2 x is society4 ,:5 ! ,au/ralian   
feels )9 himself ! surg+ ( a life ^:    
int5sity surprises him1 he is ! dupe (  
no illusion2 t exaltation is real1 & x  
is really ! product ( =ces t are ext]nal
 & sup]ior to ! individual4#aj ,yes1 b  
id5tical 9 k9d & g5esis ) himself & 8   

own race4 ,to ,leuba1 9 8 ,psy*ological 
,/udy ( ,religion1 ?is has already      
become ! accept$ viewpo9t4 ,:atev] is   
endur+ & significant 9 religion is m]ely
 an expression ( man's social           
consci\sness & exp]i5ce1 8 s5se (       
p>ticipation 9 a common life4 ,humanity1
 idealiz$ & conceiv$ z a manife/ation ( 
creative en]gy1 possesses surpris+      
qualifications = a s\rce ( religi\s     
inspiration4 ,pr(essor ,ov]/reet1 9 ,!  
,democratic ,conception ( ,god1 ,hibb]t 
,j\rnal1 volume ,,xi1 page #dji1 says3  
,x is ?is l>ge figure1 n simply ( human 
b ( cosmic society :i* is to yield our  
,god ( ! future4 ,!re is no place 9 !   
future = an et]nally p]fect be+ & no    
ne$--society1 democratic f end to end1 c
 brook no su* radical class di/9ction z 
t betwe5 a supreme be+1 favor$ ) et]nal 
& absolute p]fection1 & ! mass ( be+s   
doom$ to ! l[] ways ( imp]fect /ruggle4 
,footnote #aj3 ,les ,=mes lm5taires de  
la vie religieuse1 p4 #cbb4  ,!re is    
c]ta9ly a /rik+ imm$iacy 9 su* language4

 ,we leave = lat] treatm5t ! "q z to !  
hi/orical validity ( su* an attitude4 ,x
 c]ta9ly ignores "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ &  
fruitful concepts ( tra9$ m9ds2 x rules 
out ( c\rt :at are to ! majority ( m5   
real & preci\s factors 9 ! religi\s     
exp]i5ce4 ,x w\ld appe> to be ano!r     
in/ance1 among ! _m1 ( ! fallacy (      
id5tify+ ! "p ) ! :ole4 ,b ! effect (   
su* p]vasive ?\ght curr5ts1 ! m subtle &
 unfightable because indirect & disguis$
 9 popul> appe>ance & influ5ce1 ^u !    
e?ical & spiritual temp] ( religi\s     
lead]s1 ! v audacity ( ^: tasks puts !m 
on ! def5sive1 is va/ & incalculable4   
,at ! wor/1 x drives man into a         
me*anicaliz$ univ]se1 ) a result+       
mat]ialism ( ?\ght & life2 at ! be/1 x  
makes him a pragmati/ ) amiable b       
imm$iate objectives1 j practical results
 z 8 guide & goal4 ,morality z1 9       
,antigone's noble phrase1 ! unwritt5 law
 ( heav5 s9ks d[n & disappe>s4 ,!re is  
no room "h = ! ,job :o abhors himself & 
rep5ts 9 du/ & a%es nor = ,plato's ,"o  

beh9d ! ,_m2 no p]ceptible room1 9 su* a
 _w1 = any ( ! absolute values1 !       
transc5d5t int]e/s1 ! e?ics ( idealism1 
any es*atology1 or = ,*ri/ian !odicy4 ,t
 :i* has be5 ! typical contribution ( ! 
religi\s p]ceptions 9 ! pa/1 namely1 !  
compreh5sive vision ( life & ! _w & "t  
sub specie aet]nitatis is "h ab&on$4    
,et]nity is unreal or empty2 we nev]    
he>d ! music ( ! sph]es4 ,we are fac+ at
 ?is mom5t a dis9tegrat+ age4 ,"h is a  
prime reason = x4 ,! spiritual solid>ity
 ( mank9d "u ! humani/ic int]pretation (
 life & de/9y is dissolv+ & break+ d[n4 
,humanism is +5i\s & reasonable & clev] 
b x is too limit$2 x doesn't answ] en\gh
 que/ions4  ,be=e go+ on1 9 a future    
*apt]1 to discuss ! "q z to :at k9d (   
prea*+ su* a _w-view1 se5 f ! ,*ri/ian  
/&po9t1 ne$s1 we are n[ to inquire :at !
 effect ( ?is humani/ic movem5t ^u      
,*ri/ian prea*+ has already be54 ,t our 
prea*+ %\ld h be5 pr(\ndly influ5c$ by x
 is inevitable4 ,religion is n ap>t f ! 
re/ ( life4 ,! v temp]am5t ( ! speak]   

makes him peculi>ly susceptible to !    
intellectual & spiritual movem5ts ab\t  
him4 ,:at1 !n1 has humanism done to     
prea*+8 ,has x work$ to cl>ify &        
solidify ! ess5ce ( ! religi\s position8
 ,or has prea*+ decl9$ & become         
neutraliz$ 9 religi\s quality "u x8     
,fir/3 x has pr(\ndly affect$ ,*ri/ian  
prea*+ ab\t ,god4 ,! contempor>y s]mon  
on ,deity m9imizes or leaves out div9e  
transc5d5ce2 ?us x />ves "o fundam5tal  
impulse 9 man--! ne$ & desire to look   
up4 ,in/ead ( ?is transc5d5ce mod]n     
prea*+ emphasizes imman5ce1 (t5 to a    
nave & ludicr\s degree4 ,god is ! be+ :o
 is l u4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( t moni/ic     
idealism1 :i* is a d]iv$ philosophy ( ! 
humani/ic impulse1 prea*+ lays all !    
emphasis ^u div9e imman5ce 9 %>pe/      
contra/ ei!r to ! dei/ic transc5d5ce ( !
 eighte5? c5tury or ! sep>at5ess &      
alo(ness ( ! ,god ( ! ,hebrew           
,scriptures1 or ( ! classic ,greek      
!ologies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,god is1 (      
c\rse2 t is1 ,he is ! in=m+ pr9ciple 9 !

 natural & human univ]se & ess5tially "o
 ) x4 ,pres5t prea*+ does n confess ?is 
id5tification b x evades r ?an meets !  
logical pan!i/ic conclusion4 ,s our     
prea*+ has to d ) ,god 9 ! common r\nd (
 daily tasks2 ) sweep+ a room to ,8     
glory2 ) adoration ( ,8 pres5ce 9 a     
sunset & wor%ip ( ,him 9 a />4 ,e bu%'s 
aflame ) ,him2 !re are s]mons 9 /ones & 
poems 9 runn+ brooks4 ,be=e u1 ev5 z    
beh9d1 ,god is & all is well4 ,we are   
fill$ ) a sort ( intoxication ) ?is     
intimate & protective company ( !       
,inf9ite2 we are magnific5tly unaba%$ z 
we famili>ly approa* ,him4 ,clos] is ,he
 ?an brea?+2 ne>] ?an h&s or feet4 ,n !n
 by d5y+ or condemn+ or di/ru/+ ! _w 9  
:i* we live1 n by ass]t+ ! diff]5ces    
betwe5 ,god & humanity d we und]/& ,him4
 ,b by close/ t\* ) nature d we f9d     
,him4 ,by a sup]b p>adox1 n )\t value1  
yet equally ineffable 9 s5tim5tality &  
sublime 9 its impiety we say1 behold+   
man1 t :i* is mo/ human is mo/ div9e6   
,t !re is tru? 9 su* com=table & affable

 prea*+ is obvi\s2 t !re is n mu* tru? 9
 x is obvi\s1 too4 ,to :at ext5t1 & 9   
:at ways1 nature1 r$ ) too? & claw1     
indiff]5t1 ru?less1 :imsical1 c be call$
 ! expression ( ! ,*ri/ian ,god1 is n   
usually specifically /at$4 ,9 :at way   
man1 j em]g+ f ! horror1 ! %ame1 !      
futility ( 8 la/ & greate/ debau* (     
bloody self-de/ruction1 c be call$ !    
*ief m$ium ( tru?1 hol9ess & beauty1 !  
matrix ( div9ity1 is n entirely manife/4
 ,b ! fatal defect ( su* prea*+ is n t  
!re is n1 ( c\rse1 a real id5tity betwe5
 ! _w & its ,mak]1 ! s\l & its ,creator1
 b t ! aspect ( reality :i* ?is tru?    
expresses is ! "o :i* has lea/ religi\s 
value1 is lea/ di/9ctive 9 ! spiritual  
exp]i5ce4 ,! religi\s nature is         
satisfi$1 & ! spr+s ( moral action are  
refre%$ by dwell+ on ! specialness (    
,god2 m5 are br\ght back to !mselves1 n 
among _! fell[s & by id5tify+ !m ) _!   
fell[s1 b by lift+ !m to ! secret place 
( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,!y ne$ religi\sly n    
?\s&-tongu$ nature1 b to be kept        

secretly 9 ,8 pavilion f ! /rife (      
tongues4 ,x is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,god & 
m5 :i* makes m5 :o "k !mselves tru/     
,him4 ,x is ! o!rness1 n ! sam5ess1 :i* 
makes ,him desirable & pot5t 9 ! daily  
r\nd ( life4 ,a purely e?ical int]e/ 9  
,god ceases to be e?ical & becomes      
complac5t2 :5 we rule out !             
supraph5om5al we h %ut ! door on ! *ief 
/r5g? ( ! high] life4  ,second3 mod]n   
prea*+1 "u ?is same influ5ce & to a yet 
great] degree1 emphasizes ! pr9ciple (  
id5tity1 :]e we ne$ t ( diff]5ce1 9 its 
prea*+ ab\t ,jesus4 ,he is /ill ! mo/   
mov+ !me = ! popul> pres5tation (       
religion4 ,b t is because ,he (f]s ! mo/
 intelligible approa* to t v o!rness 9 !
 p]son ( ! godhead4 ,8 heal+ & reconcil+
 influ5ce ov] ! he>t ( man--! way !     
human _s exp&s & blossoms 9 ,8          
pres5ce--is mov+ beyond expression to   
any obs]v]1 religi\s or irreligi\s4 ,ea*
 new crusade 9 ! long /rife = human     
bett]m5t looks 9 sublime confid5ce to   
,him z its =]unn] & def5se4 ,to :at     

planes ( common s]vice1 fai?1 magnanim\s
 solicitude c\ld ,he n lift ! embitt]$1 
worldlyiz$ m5 & wom5 ( ?is torn &       
di/ract$ age1 :i* is s desp]ately seek+ 
its own life & !reby s inexorably los+  
x6 ,b :y is ! he>t subdu$1 ! m9d        
elevat$1 ! w made tractable by ,him8    
,:y1 because ,he is en\gh l u s t we "k 
t ,he und]/&s1 has utt] compreh5sion2 & 
,he is en\gh diff]5t f u s t we are     
will+ to tru/ ,him4 ,9 :at lies ! ess5ce
 ( ! lead]%ip ( ,jesus8 ,he is n l u3   
!re=e1 we are will+ to rel9qui%         
ourselves into ,8 h&s4  ,n[1 t is only  
half ! tru?4 ,b if ,i may use a p>adox1 
x is ! important half1 ! prim>y half4 ,&
 x is j t ess5tial elem5t 9 ! ,*ri/ian  
exp]i5ce ( ,jesus t mod]n prea*+1 "u !  
humani/ic impulse1 is neglect+4 ,inde$1 
lib]al prea*]s h l>gely ceas$ to        
s]monize ab\t ,him1 j because x has     
become s easy6 ,humanism has made ,jesus
 obvi\s1 h5ce1 relatively impot5t4 ,)   
its unifi$ cosmos1 its imman5t ,god1 its
 exalt$ humanity1 ! :ole ,*ri/ological  

problem has become trivial4 ,x drops !  
cosmic approa* to ! p]son ( ,jesus 9    
favor ( ! e?ical4 ,x does n approa* ,him
 f ! side ( ,god2 we approa* no?+ f t   
side n[2 b f ! side ( man4 ,?us ,he is n
 s mu* a div9e revelation z ,he is a    
human a*ievem5t4 ,humanity & div9ity are
 "o 9 ess5ce4 ,! ,creator is di/+ui%$ f 
,8 creatures 9 multif>i\s diff]5ces (   
degree b n 9 k9d4 ,we d n see1 !n1 9    
,*ri/1 a p]fect isolat$ ,god1 jo9$ to a 
p]fect isolat$ man1 9 :at 7 inde$ !     
incr$ible t]ms ( ! old] & sup]s$$       
,*ri/ologies4 ,b r1 ,he is ! p]fect     
revelation ( ! moral be+1 ! "* ( ,god1 9
 all ^? ways capable ( expression or    
compreh5sion 9 human life1 j because he 
is ! highe/ manife/ation ( a humanity   
?r\gh :i* ,god has be5 =ev] express+    
,himself 9 ! _w4 ,= man is1 s to speak1 
8 own cosmic c5t]2 ! greate/ div9e      
manife/ation :i* we "k4 ,grant$1 !n1 an 
ideal man1 a complete moral be+1 & ipso 
facto we h our supreme revelation (     
,god4  ,s runs ! ?rice famili> argum5t4 

,( c\rse1 we h ga9$ some?+ by x4 ,we may
 drop gladly ! old duali/ic philosophy1 
& we mu/ drop x1 ?\gh ,i d\bt if x is s 
easy to drop ! duali/ic exp]i5ce :i*    
creat$ x4 ,b ,i beg to po9t out t1 on ! 
:ole1 we h lo/ m religi\sly ?an we h    
ga9$4 ,= we h made ,jesus easy to       
und]/&1 n z ,he br+s u up to ,8 level1 b
 z we h r$uc$ ,him to ours4 ,c we af=d  
to d t8 ,b]n>d's my/ical l9e1 ,! love ( 
,jesus1 :at x is1 none b ,8 lov$ ones   
"k1 has small mean+ "h4 ,! argum5t is v 
good humanism b x drops ! ^w ,savi\r out
 ( ! vocabul>y ( fai?4 ,oh1 h[ _m s]mons
 s9ce1 let u say1 #ahij1 h be5 prea*$ on
 ! text1 ,he t ha? se5 me1 ha? se5 !    
,fa!r4 ,& h[ uni=mly ! s]mons h expla9$ 
t ! text means n t ,jesus is l ,god1 b t
 ,god is l ,jesus--& we h already se5 t 
,jesus is l u6 ,"o only has to /ate x   
all to see b5ea? its sup]ficial         
reasonabl5ess its appall+ pr(anity6     
,?ird3 we may see ! influ5ce ( humanism 
^u our prea*+ 9 ! rel9qui%m5t ( ! goal (
 conv]sion4 ,we are prea*+ to educate1 n

 to save2 to in/ruct1 n to trans=m4     
,conv]sion may be gradual &             
half-unconsci\s1 a long & normal process
 "u favorable inh]itance & ) ! culture (
 a ,*ri/ian environm5t4 ,or x may be    
sudd5 & cata/rophic1 a viol5t *ange (   
emotional & volitional activity4 ,:5 a  
man ^: feel+ has be5 repress$ by s9 &   
cru/$ ov] by deception1 ^: inn]         
re/lessness has be5 accumulat+ "u !     
mis]y & impot5ce ( a divid$ life1 is    
br\ght into contact ) ,*ri/ian tru?1 he 
c only accept x ?r\gh a volitional      
crisis1 ) its cleans+ flood ( p5it5ce & 
confession & its bless$ rew>d ( ! s5se (
 p>don & peace & ! rel9qui%m5t ( ! self 
into ! div9e h&s4 ,b "o ?+ is true (    
ei!r process 9 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e (     
conv]sion4 ,x is n m]ely an a*ievem5t1  
al?\gh x is t2 x is also a rescue4 ,x _c
 come ab\t )\t fai?1 ! w to believe2    
nei!r c x come ab\t by t alone4         
,conv]sion is some?+ we d2 x is also    
some?+ else1 work+ )9 u1 if we w let x1 
help+ u to d2 h5ce x is some?+ done = u4

  ,n[1 ?is exp]i5ce ( conv]sion is pass+
 out ( ,*ri/ian life & prea*+ "u        
humani/ic influ5ce4 ,we are accept+ !   
,socratic dictum t k is virtue4 ,h5ce we
 blur ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian & ! 
non-,*ri/ian4 ,education supplants      
salvation4 ,we br+ ! boys & girls into !
 *ur* because !y are saf] !re ?an       
outside x2 & on ! :ole x is a good ?+ to
 d & really !y belong !re anyway4 ,!    
*ur* memb] is a man ( ! _w1 s(t5$ by    
,*ri/ian feel+4 ,he is a k9dly & amiable
 citiz5 & an honorable man2 he has n be5
 sav$4 ,b he kn[s ! unwisdom ( evil2 if 
y "k :at is "r y w d x4 ,intellig5ce    
ne$s no support f grace4 ,x is /range t 
! *ur* does n see t ) ?is rel9qui%m5t ( 
h] insi/5ce ^u some?+ t religion c d = a
 man t no?+ else c attempt1 %e has !reby
 giv5 up h] real excuse = be+1 & t h]   
peculi> & di/9ctive mission has gone4 ,x
 is /range t %e does n see t ! humanism 
:i*1 s9ce x is at home 9 ! _w1 c        
sometimes make !re a classic h]o1       
deg5]ates dreadfully & becomes unreal 9 

a *ur* :]e unskill$ h&s use x to make x 
a sub/itute = a ,*ri/ian sa9t6 ,b = h[  
_m effici5t p>i% adm9i/rators1          
,y4,m4,c4,a4 secret>ies1 up-to-date     
prea*]s1 "* is conceiv$ ( z com+ n by   
discipl9e b by expansion1 n by          
salvation1 b by activity4 ,social s]vice
 solves ev]y?+ )\t any ref]5ce to !     
tr\blesome fact t ! value ( ! s]vice w  
dep5d ^u ! quality ( ! s]vant4          
,salvation is a comb9ation ( intellig5ce
 & ma*9]y4 ,s9 is pure ignorance or j   
maladju/m5t to environm5t4 ,all we ne$  
is to "k :at is "r & wrong2 ! humane    
sci5ces w take c>e ( t2 &1 !n1 h an     
adv]tis+ ag5t1 a gymnasium1 a committee 
on spiritual res\rces1 a program1 a     
conf]5ce1 a drive = money1 & behold1 !  
,k+dom ( ,god is among u6  ,f\r?1 & mo/ 
significant3 x is to ! humani/ic impulse
 & its d]iv$ philosophies t we owe !    
individuali/ic e?ics1 ! relative abs5ce 
( ! s5se ( moral responsibility = !     
social ord] :i* has1 f ! beg9n+1 maim$ &
 di/ort$ ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 01  

p]haps1 a consequ5ce ( ! speculative &  
absolute philosophies ( ! m$iaeval *ur* 
t1 s9ce !y endeavor$ to relate religion 
to ! :ole ( ! cosmos1 its remote/ &     
ultimate issues1 s !y conceiv$ ( its    
absolut5ess z conc]n$ ) ! :ole ( human  
exp]i5ce1 ) e relation ( organiz$       
society4 ,"u _! regulative ideas all    
human be+s1 n a select$ numb]1 _h1 n 9  
!mselves b because ( ! ,div9e           
,sacrifice1 div9e significance2 rev]5ce 
0 _h1 n = sup]m5 or capta9s ( indu/ry1 b
 = e "o ( ^? = :om ,*ri/ di$4 ,!re 7 no 
human in/itutions :i* 7 ends 9 !mselves 
or m important ?an ! m5 :i* creat$ &    
s]v$ !m4 ,! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur* 0 !    
only in/itution :i* 0 s conceiv$2 all   
o!rs1 social1 political1 economic1 7    
means t[>d ! end ( ! pres]vation &      
expression ( human p]sonality4 ,h5ce1 ! 
int]e/ ( ! m$iaeval *ur* 9 social e?ics 
& corporate values2 h5ce1 ! axiom ( !   
*ur*'s control (1 ! believ]s'           
responsibility =1 ! economic relations (
 society4 ,an unju/ di/ribution ( goods1

 ! )hold+ f ! produc] ( 8 fair %>e ( !  
weal? :i* he creates1 pr(ite]+1 pr$atory
 ri*es--^! 7 rank$ "u "o t]m z av>ice1 &
 !y 7 c\nt$ n among ! v5ial (f5ses1 l   
ab]rations ( ! fle%1 b av>ice 0 consid]$
 "o ( ! sev5 deadly s9s ( ! _s4 ,!      
application ( ! e?ics ( ,jesus to social
 control began to die out z humanism    
individualiz$ ,*ri/ian morals & z1 "u   
its influ5ce1 nationalism t5d$ to       
supplant ! int]national ecclesia/ical   
ord]4 ,! cynical & sordid maxim t       
bus9ess is bus9ess2 t1 9 ! economic     
sph]e1 ! /&>ds ( ! *ur* are n op]ative &
 ! responsibility ( ! *ur* is n         
recogniz$--notions :i* are a *ief h]esy 
& an out/&+ disgrace ( n9ete5?-c5tury   
religion1 f :i* we are only n[ pa9fully 
& sl[ly react+--^! may be trac$ back to 
! influ5ce ( humanism ^u ,*ri/ian ?\ght 
& conduct4  ,9 g5]al1 !n1 x seems to me 
abundantly cle> t ! humani/ic movem5t   
has bo? limit$ & secul>iz$ ,*ri/ian     
prea*+4 ,x dogmatically ignores         
sup]s5su\s values2 h5ce x has           

rationaliz$ prea*+ h5ce x has made      
prov9cial its intellectual approa* &    
treatm5t1 n>r[$ & made me*anical its    
cont5t4 ,x has turn$ prea*+ away f      
speculative to practical !mes4 ,x 01    
p]haps1 ?is m5tal & spiritual decl9e ( !
 m9i/ry to :i* a di/+ui%$ educator      
ref]r$ :5 he told a body (              
,congregational prea*]s t _! s]mons 7   
m>k$ by intellectual frugality4 ,x is   
?is :i* a great ,new ,engl&             
!ologian-prea*]1 ,dr4 ,gordon1 means :5 
he says an indescribable pett9ess1 a    
mean k9d ( retail trade has tak5        
possession ( ! prea*]s2 !y h sub/itut$ !
 mill-r\nd = ! sun-pa?4  ,! :ole _w     
today t5ds t[>d a mon/r\s egotism4      
,man's att5tion is c5t]$ on himself1 8  
temporal salvation1 8 ext]nal prosp]ity4
 ,prea*+1 yield+ p>tly to ! intellectual
 & p>tly to ! practical environm5t1 has 
t5d$ to adopt ! same secul> scale (     
values1 some:at pietiz$ & int5sifi$1 &  
to move )9 ! same area ( op]ation4 ,t is
 :y mo/ prea*+ today deals ) relations (

 m5 ) m51 n ( m5 ) ,god4 ,yet human     
relation%ips c only be det]m9$ 9 ! light
 ( ultimate ones4 ,mo/ prea*+           
in/9ctively avoids ! def9itely religi\s 
!mes2 deals ) ! e?ical aspects (        
devotion2 ) conduct r ?an ) wor%ip2 ) ! 
effects1 n ! causes1 ! expression1 n !  
ess5ce ( ! religi\s life4 ,mo/ college  
prea*+ *iefly am\nts to in=mal talks on 
conduct2 some:at idealiz$ discussions ( 
public que/ions2 exhortations to social 
s]vice4 ,:5 s]mons d deal ) ultimate    
sanctions !y c h>dly be call$ ,*ri/ian4 
,!y are (t5 /oical2 self-control is     
exalt$ z an h]oic a*ievem5t1 z be+      
self-au!nticat+1 c>ry+ its own rew>d4   
,or !y are utilit>ian1 giv+ a           
s5tim5taliz$ or frankly %rewd doctr9e ( 
exp$i5cies1 ! appeal to an exagg]at$    
self-respect1 enlight5$ self-int]e/1    
social responsibility4 ,^! are typical  
humani/ic values2 !y are real & pot5t & 
legitimate4 ,b !y are n religi\s & !y d 
n t\* religi\s motives4 ,! v diff]5ce   
betwe5 ! humani/ & ! ,*ri/ian lies "h4  

,to obey a pr9ciple is moral &          
admirable2 to d good & be good because x
 pays is s5sible2 b to act f love ( a   
p]son is a joy\s ec/asy1 a lib]ation (  
p[]2 x alone trans=ms life ) an ultimate
 & endur+ goodness4 ,g5u9e ,*ri/ian     
prea*+ makes its f9al appeal1 n to fe>1 
n to hope1 n to future rew>ds &         
puni%m5ts1 n to reason or prud5ce or    
b5evol5ce4 ,x makes its appeal to love1 
& t means t x calls m5 to devotion to a 
liv+ ,be+1 a ,transc5d5ce beyond & )\t  
u4 ,= y _c love a pr9ciple1 or rel9qui% 
y\rself to an idea4 ,y mu/ love ano!r   
liv+ ,be+4 ,:i* am\nts to say+ t        
humanism j because x is self-conta9$ is 
self-condemn$4 ,x m9imizes or ignores ! 
liv+ ,god1 9 ,8 _w1 b n to be id5tifi$ )
 x2 beyond x & above x2 lov+ x because x
 ne$s to be lov$2 bless+ x because sav+ 
x4 ,9 s do+1 x lays ! axe at ! v root ( 
! tree ( religion4 ,francis ,xavi]1 9 8 
greate/ ( all hymns1 has /at$ once = all
 ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian motive & !       
religi\s attitude3    ,o ,deus1 ego amo 

te   ,nec amo te ut salves me   ,aut    
quia non amantes te   ,aet]nis punis    
igne4    ,nee praemii illius spe   ,s$  
sicut tu ama/i me   ,sic amo et amabo te
   ,solem1 quia ,rex meus e/4  ,:at1 !n1
 has be5 ! f9al effect ( humanism ^u    
prea*+8 ,x has tempt$ ! prea*] to       
dep]sonalize religion4 ,& s9ce love is !
 ess5ce ( p]sonality1 x has !reby /ripp$
 prea*+ ( ! emotional en]gy1 ( !        
univ]sal human int]e/s & ! prophetic    
insight :i* only love c be/[4 ,ov] aga9/
 ?is dep]sonalization1 we mu/ f9d "s way
 to return to express+ ! religi\s view &
 utiliz+ ! religi\s p[] ( ! human _s4   
,,*apt] ,,?ree  ,,eat+1 ,,dr9k+ ,,&     
,,be+ ,,m]ry   ,we v5tur$ to say 9 !    
prec$+ *apt] t1 "u ! influ5ces ( m ?an  
?ree c5turies ( humanism1 ! spiritual   
solid>ity ( mank9d is break+ d[n4 ,=    
humanism makes an inhuman dem& ^u ! w2 x
 m9imizes ! =ce ( ! subrational & x     
l>gely ignores ! sup]rational elem5ts 9 
human exp]i5ce2 x does n answ] en\gh    
que/ions4 ,inde$1 x is frankly confess$1

 p>ticul>ly by /ud5ts ( ! political &   
economic =ces n[ work+ 9 society1 t !   
new fre$om born 9 ! ,r5aissance is1 9 "s
 grave s5se1 a failure4 ,x de/roy$ :at  
_h be5 ! common moral au?ority (        
,european civilization 9 its d5ial ( !  
rule ( ! *ur*4 ,b = ne>ly f\r c5turies x
 has become increas+ly cle> t x (f]$ no 
adequate sub/itute = ! sup]natural moral
 & religi\s ord] :i* x supplant$4 ,john 
,morley 0 c]ta9ly "o ( ! mo/ enlight5$ &
 humane positivi/s ( ! la/ g5]ation4 ,9 
8 ,recollections1 publi%$ ?ree ye>s ago1
 !re is a f9al p>agraph :i* runs z      
foll[s3 ,a pa9ful int]rogatory1 ,i mu/  
confess1 em]ges4 ,has n y\r s*ool held !
 civiliz$ _w1 bo? old & new alike1 9 !  
holl[ ( _! h& = two long g5]ations pa/8 
,is x q cle> t _! influ5ce has be5 s mu*
 m pot5t ?an ! gospel ( ! v>i\s *ur*es8 
,circumspice4 ,is n diplomacy1 unk9dly  
call$ by ,voltaire ! field ( lies1 z    
able z ev] x 0 to dupe gov]nm5ts &      
gov]n$ by gr& ab/ract cat*words veil+   
obscure & inexplicable purposes1 & turn+

 ! :ole _w ov] ) blood & te>s1 to a     
/range ,wit*'s ,sabba?8#aa ,?is is 8    
conclusion ( ! :ole matt]4  ,footnote   
#aa3 ,recollections3 ,,ii1 p4 #cff ff4  
,b :ile ! reasons = ! failure are n f>  
to seek1 x is wor? :ile = ! prea*] to   
dwell on !m = a mom5t4 ,9 /rongly c5t]$ 
s\ls l a ,morley or an ,erasmus1        
humanism produces a /oical endurance & a
 sublime self-confid5ce4 ,b x t5ds1 9   
less] spirits1 to a re/less arrogance4  
,h5ce1 bo? ^? l[] elem5ts 9 human       
nature1 ! nature & ext5t ( ^: =ce x ei!r
 cloaks or m9imizes1 & ^? impond]able & 
sup]s5su\s values :i* x t5ds to ignore &
 :i* are n ord9>ily includ$ 9 its       
def9ition ( exp]i5ce1 return to vex &   
plague x4 ,inde$ ! wor/ foe ( humanism  
has nev] be5 ! religi\s view ( ! _w ^u  
^: /or$-up moral res]ves ( uncompromis+ 
doctr9e x has (t5 half-consci\sly       
subsi/$4 ,humanism has long pr(it$ f !  
admitt$ tru? t ! moral re/ra9ts ( an age
 t possesses an au?oritative & absolute 
belief survive = "s "t aft] ! doctr9e   

itself has be5 reject$4 ,:at has reveal$
 ! incomplet5ess ( ! humani/ic position 
has be5 its con/ant t5d5cy to decl9e    
into naturalism2 a t5d5cy m>k$ly        
accel]at$ today4 ,h5ce1 we f9d ourselves
 9 a dis9tegrat+ & di/ract$ epo*4 ,9    
#aiab ,rudolph ,euck5 wrote3 ,! moral   
solid>ity ( mank9d is dissolv$4 ,sects &
 p>ties are increas+2 common e/imates & 
ideals keep slipp+ away f u2 we und]/&  
"o ano!r less & less4 ,ev5 volunt>y     
associations1 t =m ( unity peculi> to   
mod]n times1 unite m 9 a*ievem5t ?an 9  
disposition1 br+ m5 toge!r outw>dly r   
?an inw>dly4 ,! dang] is imm95t t ! end 
may be bellum omnium contra omnes1 a w> 
( all aga9/ all4#ab  ,footnote #ab3     
,h>v>d ,!o4 ,rev41 vol4 ,v1 no4 #c1 p4  
#bgg4  ,t dis9tegration is suffici5tly  
advanc$ s t we c see ! direction x is   
tak+ & ! pr9ciple t inspires x4         
,humanism has at lea/ ! value ( an      
objective /&>d 9 ! s5se t x sets up     
crit]ia :i* are )\t ! individual2 x     
sub/itutes a collective subjectivism1 if

 we may use ! t]m1 = p]sonal :im &      
impulse4 ,?us x proclaims a classic /&>d
 ( mod]ation 9 all ?+s1 ! gold5 mean ( !
 ,greeks1 ,confucius' & ,gautama's law (
 measure4 ,x proposes to br+ ! primitive
 & s5sual elem5t 9 man "u critical      
control2 to accompli% ?is x relies      
*iefly ^u its amiable exagg]ation ( !   
reasonabl5ess ( human nature4 ,b !      
,socratic dictum t k is virtue 0 !      
product ( a p]sonality di/+ui%$1 if we  
accept ! dialogues ( ,plato1 by a p]fect
 h>mony ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,probably x is 
n wise to build s important a rule ^u s 
di/+ui%$ an exception6  ,b ! positive   
defect ( humanism is m s]i\s4 ,x        
likewise proposes to rationalize ^?     
sup]s5su\s ne$s & convictions :i* lie 9 
! imag9ative1 ! intuitive ranges (      
exp]i5ce4 ,! v proposal c>ries a d5ial (
 _! value-9-!mselves4 ,its inevitable   
result 9 ! humani/ is _! virtual ignor+4
 ,! greate/ ( all ! humani/s ( ! ,ori5t 
0 ,confucius4 ,i v5ture to ask ab\t     
dea?1 said a disciple to ! sage4 ,:ile y

 d n "k life1 repli$ he1 h[ c y "k ab\t 
dea?8#ac ,ev5 m typical ( ! humani/ic   
attitude t[>ds ! di/9ctively religi\s   
elem5ts ( exp]i5ce are o!r say+s (      
,confucius1 su* z3 ,to give oneself     
e>ne/ly to ! duties due to m51 & :ile   
respect+ spiritual be+s1 to keep alo( f 
!m may be call$ wisdom4#ac ,! precise   
area ( humani/ic int]e/s is indicat$ 9  
ano!r obs]vation4 ,! subjects on :i* !  
,ma/] did n talk 7 444 disord] &        
spiritual be+s4#ac ,= ! v elem5ts (     
exp]i5ce :i* humanism belittles or      
avoids are f\nd 9 ! _w :]e pagans l     
,rabelais robu/ly je/ or ! high spaces  
:]e s\ls l ,newman m$itate & pray4 ,!   
humani/ appe>s to be fright5$ by ! "o & 
repell$ by ! o!r2 w n or _c see life    
/eadily & :ole4 ,t a p[]ful primitivi/ic
 fai?1 l ,taoism1 a sort ( religi\s     
bohemianism1 %\ld fl\ri% beside su*     
pragmatic & passionless mod]ation z     
classic ,confucianism is inevitable2 t !
 wor%ip ( ,amida ,buddha1 ! ,buddha (   
r$emption & a future heav51 ( a positive

 & et]nal bliss1 %\ld be ! ,*9ese =m ( !
 ,indian fai? is equally intelligible4  
,aft] a l mann] x is ! humanism ( our   
,prote/ant prea*+ today f :i* m5 are    
defect+ into utt] worldl9ess &          
indiff]5ce on ! "o h& & return+ to      
m$iaeval & ,ca?olic =ms ( sup]naturalism
 on ! o!r4  ,footnote #ac3 ,analects1   
,,xi1 ,,cxi2 ,,vi1 ,,cxx4  ,= !         
primitive 9 man is a bea/ :om x is h>d  
to *a9 nor does humanism ) its          
semi-sci5tific1 semi-s5tim5tal laudation
 ( all natural values produce t exact+  
mood ( inw>d scrut9y 9 :i* self-control 
has mo/ *ance ( succe$+4 ,h5ce "h1 z    
else:]e on ! cont95t1 & =m]ly 9 ,*9a1 9 
,greece & 9 ,rome1 a sort ( neo-paganism
 has be5 /eadily supplant+ x4  ,to !    
/udy ( ?is neo-paganism we n[ address   
ourselves4 ,x is ! ?ird & l[e/ ( ^?     
levels ( human exp]i5ce to :i* we ref]r$
 9 ! fir/ lecture4 ,! naturali/1 y may  
rememb]1 is t incorrigible individual :o
 imag9es t he is a law unto himself1 t  
he may erect 8 p]son into a sov]eign ov]

 ! :ole univ]se4 ,he p]v]sely id5tifies 
discipl9e ) repression & makes !        
unlimit$ ! goal bo? ( imag9ation &      
conduct4 ,osc> ,wilde's epigrams1 & m   
p>ticul>ly 8 fables1 are examples ( a   
?or\ghgo+ naturali/'s insol5t indiff]5ce
 to any =m ( re/ra9t4 ,all ?+s1 :e!r    
holy or be/ial1 7 mat]ial = 8           
topsy-turvy wit1 8 lit]ally unbridl$    
imag9ation4 ,no humani/ic law ( dec5cy1 
t is to say1 a prop] respect = ! op9ions
 ( mank9d1 & no div9e law ( rev]5ce &   
humility1 act$ = him z a re/ra9+ =ce or 
a selective pr9ciple4 ,an imm$iate &    
significant example ( ?is naturali/ic   
riot ( feel+1 ) its consequ5t false &   
an>*ic scale ( values1 is f\nd 9 ! film 
dramas ( ! mov+ picture h\ses4 ,unreal  
extravagance ( imag9ation1 accompani$ by
 ! debau* ( ! ae/hetic & moral judgm5t1 
frequ5tly di/+ui%es !m4 ,9 scre5l&1 x is
 ! vampire1 ! villa91 ! sup]man1 !      
sac*>9e angel *ild1 :o reign almo/      
undisput$4 ,noble convicts1 virtu\s     
c\rtesans1 attractive murd]]s1 good bad 

m51 & ridicul\s good m51 flit across !  
canvas halo$ ) *eap s5tim5tality4       
,oppos$ to !m1 9 an ev] los+ /ruggle1   
are ^? conv5tional figures :o /& = !    
sob] realities ( an ord]ly & discipl9$  
_w2 ! judge1 ! policeman1 ! m]e husb&4  
,^! pitiable & laughable figures are    
always outwitt$2 !y receive ! fate :i*  
inde$1 9 any primitive society1 !y s    
ri*ly des]ve6  ,h[ deeply sunk 9 ! mod]n
 _w are ! roots ( ?is naturalism is %[n 
by its long c\rse 9 hi/ory1 p>allel+    
humanism4 ,x has seep$ d[n ?r\gh !      
,prote/ant c5turies 9 two /reams4 ,"o is
 a sort ( sci5tific naturalism4 ,x      
exalts mat]ial ph5om5a & ! ext]nal ord]1
 issues 9 a glorification ( elem5tal    
impulses1 an attempt$ return to *ildlike
 spontane\s liv+1 ! id5tify+ ( man's    
values ) ^? ( primitive nature4 ,! o!r  
is an emotional naturalism1 ( :i*       
,maet]l9ck is at ! mom5t a brilliant &  
lam5table example4 ,?is ex*anges ! _w ( 
sob] conduct1 intelligible & /raight=w>d
 ?9k+ = an unfett]$ dreaml&1 comp\nd$ ( 

fairy beauty1 fla%es ( my/ical &        
intuitive und]/&+ int]mix$ ) claptrap   
magic1 a high-fl[n comm]cialism & an    
e!realiz$ s5suality4  ,r\sseau repres5ts
 bo? ^! /reams 9 8 own p]son4 ,8        
s5tim5taliz$ egotism & bl& s5suality    
pass belief4 ,8 s5sitive _s dissolves 9 
te>s ov] ! dea? ( 8 dog b he bravely    
consigns 8 illegitimate *ildr5 to !     
f\ndl+ asylum )\t "o tremor4 ,9 8 ju/ly 
fam\s & ju/ly infam\s ,confessions1 he  
pres5ts himself ,satan-wise be=e !      
,almighty at ! la/ ,judgm5t1 ^!         
,confessions 9 8 h&1 a *all5ge to !     
rema9d] ( ! human race ^u 8 lips4 ,let a
 s+le "o ass]t to ,!e1 if he d>e3 ,i am 
bett] ?an t man4 ,b 8 prea*m5t ( natural
 & spontane\s values1 return to         
primitive conditions1 0 equally         
aggressive4 ,if anyone wants to inspect 
! pit :5ce ! ,montessori sy/em (        
education 0 digg$1 let him read         
,r\sseau1 :o decl>$ t ! only habit a    
*ild %\ld h is ! habit ( n hav+ a habit1
 or 8 contempor>y disciple1 ,george     

,moore1 :o says t "o %\ld be a%am$ (    
no?+ except ( be+ a%am$4 ,!re are       
admirable features 9 ! s*ool+-made-easy 
sy/em4 ,x recognizes ! fitness ( diff]5t
 m9ds = diff]5t "w2 t ! process (       
education ne$ n & %\ld n be =bidd+2 t   
natural sci5ce has be5 subord9at$ ov]mu*
 to ! humanities2 t ! imag9ation & ! h& 
%\ld be tra9$ ) ! intellect4 ,b ! me?od 
:i* proposes to give *ildr5 an education
 along ! l9es ( lea/ resi/ance is1 l all
 o!r naturalism1 a contradiction 9 t]ms1
 sometimes a r$uctio ad absurdum1       
sometimes ad nauseam4 ,z long ago z     
#ahic1 :5 ,huxley wrote 8 ,romanes      
lecture on ,evolution & ,e?ics1 ?is     
id5tity ( natural & human values 0      
explicitly d5i$4 ,tea*]s d n exi/ = !   
amusem5t ( *ildr51 nor = ! repression ( 
*ildr52 !y exi/ = ! discipl9e ( *ildr54 
,! new education is consi/5tly          
primitivi/ic 9 ! latitude :i* x all[s to
 :im & 9 its indulg5ce ( indol5ce4 ,!re 
is only "o way to make a man out ( a    
*ild2 to tea* him t happ9ess is a       

by-product ( a*ievem5t2 t pleasure is an
 accompanim5t ( labor2 t ! f\ndation (  
self-respect is drudg]y well done2 t !re
 is no p[] 9 any sy/em ( philosophy1 any
 view ( ! _w1 no view ( ! _w1 :i* c     
release him f ! un*ang+ necessity (     
p]sonal /ruggle1 p]sonal consecration1  
p]sonal hol9ess 9 human life4 ,t :]e9 a 
man _c be equal$1 says ,confucius1 is 8 
"w :i* o!r m5 _c see4#ad ,! humani/1 at 
lea/1 does n bl9k ! fact t we are caught
 9 a s]i\s & difficult _w4 ,to rail at  
x1 to d5y x1 to run hi!r & ?i!r l       
scurry+ rats to evade x1 w n alt] "o jot
 or "o tittle ( its inexorable facts4   
,footnote #ad3 ,doctr9e ( ! ,mean1 *4   
xxxiii1 v4 #b4  ,foll[+ ,r\sseau &      
,*ateaubri& come a /rik+ gr\p ( ,fr5*m5 
:o pass$ on ?is tor* ( e?ical & ae/hetic
 rebellion4 ,"s ( !m are wildly romantic
 l ,dumas & ,hugo2 "s ( !m p]v]sely     
reali/ic l ,balzac1 ,flaub]t1 ,gauti]1  
,zola4 ,paul ,v]la9e1 a ne> contempor>y 
( ours1 is ( ?is fir/ numb]2 writ] ( "s 
( ! mo/ exquisite lyrics 9 ! ,fr5*      

language1 yet a man :o float$ all 8 life
 9 typical romantic fa%ion f passion to 
rep5tance1 pass+ f lu/ ( ! fle% to sorr[
 = s9 9 p]petual alt]nation4 ,guy de    
,maupassant aga9 is a naturali/ ( !     
second sort1 a brutal reali/2 de        
,maupassant1 :o di$ a suicide1 cry+ out 
to 8 valet f 8 hack$ ?roat ,encore      
l'homme au ranc>t6--ano!r c>cass to !   
du/heap6  ,9 ,engli% lett]s ,wordswor? 9
 8 e>li] v]se illu/rat$ ! same s5tim5tal
 primitivism4 ,x w\ld be unfair to quote
 ,pet] ,bell1 = t is ,wordswor? at 8    
dreadful wor/1 b ev5 9 ,t9l]n ,abbey1   
:i* has passages ( incomp>able maje/y & 
beauty1 !re are l9es 9 :i* he decl>es   
himself3    444 well pleas$ to recognize
   ,9 nature1 & ! language ( ! s5se   ,!
 an*or ( my pure/ ?\ght1 ! nurse1   ,!  
guide1 ! gu>dian ( my he>t1 & s\l   ,(  
all my moral be+4  ,byron's innate      
sophi/ication saves him f ! ludicr\s    
dep?s to :i* ,wordswor? sometimes fell1 
b he1 too1 is ,r\sseau's disciple1 a    
moral rebel1 a highly p]sonal &         

subjective poet ( :om ,goe! said t he   
respect$ no law1 human or div9e1 except 
t ( ! ?ree unities4 ,byron's v]se is    
fasc9at+2 x ov]fl[s ) a sort ( desp]ate 
& fi]y s9c]ity2 b1 z he himself says1 8 
life 0 "o long /rife ( passion ) et]nal 
law4 ,he comb9es bo? ! romantic & !     
reali/ic elem5ts ( naturalism1 bo?      
flames ) elem5tal passion & p>ades 8    
cynicism1 is =ev] snapp+ 8 mood 9 ,don  
,juan1 alt]nat+ extravagant & romantic  
feel+ ) l9es ( s>donic & purposely      
prosaic realism4 ,%elley is a naturali/1
 too1 n 9 ! realm ( sordid values b (   
,arcadian fancy4 ,! pre-,raphaelites    
belong "h1 toge!r ) a gr\p ( "y         
,engli%m5 :o fl\ri%$ betwe5 #ahij &     
#aiad1 ( :om ,john ,davidson & ,ri*>d   
,middleton1 bo? suicides1 are /rik+     
examples4 ,poor ,middleton turn$ f      
naturalism to religion at ! la/4 ,:5 he 
_h resolv$ on dea?1 he wrote a message  
tell+ :at he 0 ab\t to d1 p>t+ f 8 fri5d
 ) brave assumption ( s]5ity4 ,b he did 
n s5d ! po/c>d1 & 9 ! la/ h\r ( t hir$  

b$room 9 ,brussels1 ) ! bottle (        
*lor(orm be=e him1 he trac$ across !    
c>d's surface a brok5 & a contrite _s ?\
 wilt n despise4 ,s !re 0 humility at ! 
la/4 ,"o rememb]s r grimly :at ! cl[n   
says 9 ,twelf? ,night1    ,pleasure w be
 paid "s "t or o!r4  ,?is same revolt   
aga9/ ! dec5cies & conv5tions ( our     
humani/ civilization occupies a great "p
 ( pres5t lit]ature4 ,h[ f> remov$ f !  
clean & virile /oicism ( ,george ,m]$i? 
or ! hone/ pessimism ( ,?omas ,h>dy is  
,arnold ,b5nett's ,! ,pretty ,lady or   
,galswor?y's ,! ,d>k ,fl[]4 ,f9ally1 9  
?is c\ntry we ne$ only m5tion1 if we may
 desc5d s f>1 su* naturali/s 9 lit]ature
 z ,jack ,london1 ,rob]t ,*amb]s &      
,g\v]neur ,morris4 ,"o's only excuse =  
ref]r+ to !m is t !y are va/ly popul> ) 
! p :om y & ,i try to int]e/ 9 s]mons1  
to :om we talk on religion6  ,( c\rse1  
?is naturalism 9 lett]s has its         
accompany+ & int]dep5d5t philosophic    
!ory1 its intellectual int]pretation &  
def5se4 ,z ,kant is ! noble/ ( !        

morali/s1 s ,i suppose ,william ,james  
&1 /ill lat]1 ,h5ri ,b]gson & ,croce are
 ! *ief protagoni/s ( unre/ra9$ feel+ & 
naturali/ic values 9 ! _w ( ?\ght4 ,to !
 neo-reali/s ! ?+ giv5 is alone reality4
 ,james' pragmatism frankly rel9qui%es  
any absolute /&>d 9 favor ( relativity4 
,9 ! ,v>ieties ( ,religi\s ,exp]i5ce1   
:i* ,pr(essor ,babbitt tells u someone 9
 ,cambridge sugge/$ %\ld h _h = a       
subtitle ,wild ,religions ,i ,h ,kn[n1  
he is pla9ly m int]e/$ 9 ! int5sity ?an 
9 ! normality1 9 ! excesses ?an 9 !     
ess5ce ( ! religi\s life4 ,inde$1       
,pr(essor ,babbitt quotes him z say+ 9 a
 lett] to ,*>les ,eliot ,norton1 m]e    
sanity is ! mo/ ,phili/9e & at ! bottom 
mo/ uness5tial ( a man's attributes4#ae 
,9 ! same way ,b]gson1 consi/5tly       
anti-,socratic & discr$it+ analytical   
intellect1 insi/s t :atev] unity may be 
_h mu/ come ?r\gh in/9ct1 n analysis4   
,he refuses to recognize ,plato's ,"o 9 
! ,_m1 sees ! :ole univ]se z a p]petual 
gu%+ =? ( novelties1 a univ]sal &       

mean+less flux4 ,surr5d] to ?is et]nal  
flux1 he appe>s to say1 & !n we %all ga9
 reality4 ,s he relies on impulse1      
in/9ct1 8 elan vital1 :i* means1 ,i take
 x1 on man's subrational emotions4 ,we  
call x ,intuitionism1 b su* philosophy 9
 pla9 & bitt] ,engli% is ! intellectual 
def5se & solemn glorification ( impulse4
 ,"t1 says ,b]gson1 is a cont9u\s /ream1
 a pres5t t endures4#af ,"t app>5tly is 
all4 ,life c h no purpose 9 ! human s5se
 ( ! ^w4#ag ,ess5tially1 !n1 ,james1    
,b]gson & ,croce appeal f intellect to  
feel+4 ,!y return to primitivism4       
,footnote #ae3 ,lett] to ,c4,e4 ,norton1
 ,june #cj1 #aijd4  ,footnote #af3 ,le  
,p]ception de ,*angem5t1 #cj4  ,footnote
 #ag3 ,l'evolution creatrice1 #ee4  ,"h 
is a philosophy :i* obvi\sly may be bo? 
z antihumani/ic & z irreligi\s z any :i*
 c\ld well be conceiv$4 ,"h is lic5se 9 
conduct & romanticism 9 expression go+  
h& 9 h& ) ?is all b exclusive emphasis  
^u relativity 9 ?\ght4 ,"h is disord]1  
erect$ z a univ]sal concept2 ! _w       

conceiv$ ( z a va/ & imp5etrable veil   
:i* is hid+ no?+2 an intricacy )\t      
patt]n4 ,obvi\sly s ungov]n$ & fluid a  
univ]se ju/ifies uncritical &           
irresponsible ?9k+ & liv+4  ,we h tri$  
?us to sket* t decl5sion into paganism  
on ! "p ( mu* ( ! pres5t _w1 ( :i* we   
spoke e>li] 9 ! *apt]4 ,x d5ies or      
ignores ! humani/ic law ) its exact+    
moral & ae/hetic /&>ds2 x op5ly fl\ts ! 
attitude ( ob$i5ce & humility be=e      
religi\s m&ates1 &1 s f> z opportunity  
(f]s or prud5ce p]mits1 goes its own    
insol5tly wanton way4 ,our _w is full ( 
dilettanti 9 ! colleges1 an>*i/s 9 !    
/ate1 a!i/s 9 ! *ur*1 bohemians 9 art1  
syb>ites 9 conduct & ineffably silly    
wom5 9 society1 :o h felt1 &            
occasionally /udi$ ! sci5tific &        
naturali/ic movem5t j f> en\gh &        
sup]ficially en\gh to grasp ! idea (    
relativity & to exalt x z suffici5t &   
complete 9 itself4 ,_m ( !m are         
incapable ( realiz+ ! implications =    
conduct & belief :i* x entails4 ,o!rs ( 

!m1 :o are ( ! less] sort1 pull$ by !   
imp]i\s hung]s ( ! fle%1 ! untutor$     
in/9cts ( a re/less _s1 hat+ ,hell5ic   
discipl9e no less ?an ,*ri/ian          
r5unciation1 hav+ no /oma* ei!r =       
self-control or self-surr5d]1 look out  
on ! mass ( endlessly oppos+            
complexities ( ! mod]n _w & gladly use t
 vision z an excuse = ab&on+ :at is     
inde$ ! ev] fail+ b also ! ev] necess>y 
/ruggle to a*ieve ord]1 unity1 yes1 ev5 
p]fection4  ,to !m1 !re=e1 ! only way to
 conqu] a temptation is to yield to x4  
,!y rail nons5sically at all repression1
 =gett+ t man _c express ! full circle (
 8 mutually exclusive in/9cts1 & t :5 he
 gives re9 to "o he !reby negates ano!r2
 t *oice1 !re=e1 is inevitable & t ! m  
exact+ & critical ! *oice1 ! m valuable 
& compreh5sive ! expression4 ,s !y      
frankly ass]t _! *oices along ! l9es (  
lea/ resi/ance & ab&on !mselves1 at lea/
 9 pr9ciple1 to emotional *aos & moral  
s5tim5talism4 ,v (t5 !y are ( all m5 !  
mo/ meticul\sly mann]$4 ,b _! mann]s are

 n ! decorum ( ! humani/1 !y are !      
etiquette ( ! worldl+4 ,*e/]field _h ^! 
folk 9 m9d :5 he spoke ) an intol]able1 
if incisive1 cynicism ( ^? :o "k ! art (
 comb9+ ! useful appe>ances ( virtue ) !
 solid satisfactions ( vice4  ,su*      
naturalism is sometimes tol]at$ by ^? :o
 aspire to urbane & lib]al judgm5ts     
because !y ?9k x c be def5d$ on         
humani/ic gr\nds4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 
x is z (f5sive to ! ?or\ghgo+ humani/ z 
x is to ! s9c]e religioni/4 ,!y h a     
common qu>rel ) x4 ,take1 = example1 !  
notori\s naturali/ic doctr9e ( art =    
art's sake1 ! defiant divorc+ ( e?ical &
 ae/hetic values4 ,civilization no less 
?an religion mu/ fight ?is4 ,= x is z   
false 9 exp]i5ce & z uncle> 9 ?9k+ z    
c\ld well be imag9$4 ,its def5se1 s f> z
 x has any1 is bas$ ^u ! confusion 9 !  
pagan m9d ( morality ) moraliz+1 a      
confusion t no good humani/ w\ld ev]    
p]mit himself4 ,( c\rse1 ! end ( art is 
nei!r prea*+ nor tea*+ b delight+4 ,= t 
v reason1 h[ev]1 art1 too1 mu/          

con=m--hateful ^w6--con=m to fix$ /&>ds4
 ,= ! s5se ( proportion1 ! in/9ct =     
elim9ation1 is integral to art & ?is1 z 
,pr(essor ,babbitt po9ts out1 is atta9$ 
only ) ! aid ( ! e?ical imag9ation4#ah  
,because )\t ! e?ical re/ra9t1 !        
creative _s roams among unbridl$        
emotions2 art becomes impressionism4    
,:at x !n produces may inde$ be         
picturesque1 melodramatic1 s5sual1 b x w
 n be beautiful because !re w be no     
imag9ative :ol5ess 9 x4 ,9 o!r words1 ! 
arti/ :o divorces ae/hetics f e?ics does
 ga9 creative lic5se1 b he ga9s x at !  
exp5se ( a balanc$ & h>moni\s           
expression4 ,if y d n believe x1 comp>e 
! ,v5us de ,milo ) ! ,v5us de ,m$ici or 
a ,rub5s fle%y1 spill+-out-(-h]-clo!s   
,magdal5 ) a ,donatello ,madonna4 ,:5   
e?ical re/ra9t disappe>s1 art t5ds to   
c>icature1 x becomes dep]sonaliz$4 ,!   
,v5us de ,milo is a liv+ be+1 a great   
p]sonage2 inde$1 a g5u9e & graci\s      
goddess4 ,! ,v5us de ,m$ici has sc>cely 
any p]sonality at all2 %e is *iefly     

objectifi$ desire6 ,! ess5ce ( art is n 
spontane\s expression nor nak$ passion2 
! ess5ce ( art is critical expression1  
re/ra9$ passion4  ,footnote #ah3        
,r\sseau & ,romanticism1 p4 #bjf4  ,n[1 
su* extreme naturalism has be5 ! cont9u+
 p]il & ! ar* foe ( e successive        
civilization4 ,x is ! rev]sion to type (
 ! sci5ti/1 ! natural depravity ( ! old]
 !ology1 ! sc(f+ devil1 ) 8 et]nal no6 9
 ,goe!'s ,fau/4 ,x t5ds to accept all   
p[]ful impulses z !reby ju/ifi$1 all    
vital & novel int]e/s z ipso facto      
beautiful & good4 ,no?+ desirable is    
ugly or evil4 ,x pays no att5tion1      
except to ridicule !m1 to ! problems t  
vex high & s]i\s s\ls3 ,:at is "r &     
wrong8 ,:at is ugly & beautiful8 ,:at is
 holy & :at is pr(ane8 ,x ei!r refuses  
to admit ! exi/5ce ( ^! que/ions or else
 ass]ts t1 z insoluble1 !y are also     
negligible problems4 ,to all su* /upid  
moraliz+ x pref]s ! click ( ! ca/anets6 
,! law1 !n1 ( ?is naturalism always &   
ev]y:]e is ! law ( rebellion1 ( ru?less 

self-ass]tion1 ( :im & impulse1 ( cunn+ 
& ( might4  ,y may wond] :y we1 be+     
prea*]s1 h sp5t s mu* "t talk+ ab\t x4  
,folk ( ?is sort d n ord9>ily flock to !
 /5cil$ walls & c>pet$ floors ( our     
com=table1 middle-class ,prote/ant      
meet+-h\ses4 ,!y are n attract$ by      
,tiffany glass w9d[s1 nor !             
vanilla-flavor$ music ( a mix$ qu>tet1  
nor ! oddly assort$ enri*m5ts we h      
dovetail$ into a once puritan ord] (    
wor%ip4 ,t is true1 b x is also true t  
^! are !y :o ne$ ! ,gospel2 also t ^!   
folk d influ5ce ! "t-curr5t t enfolds u 
& p]vades ! v air we brea! & t !y & _!  
/&>ds are pr(\ndly influ5c+ ! y\? ( ?is 
g5]ation4 ,y ne$ only att5d a few       
college dances to be sure ( t6 ,"o ( !  
sad ?+s ab\t ! ,prote/ant prea*] is 8   
usual will+ness to move 9 a /rictly     
pr(essional society & activity1 8 lack (
 extra-ecclesia/ical int]e/s1 h5ce 8    
n>r[ & unskillful obs]vations &         
p]ceptions outside 8 own p>i% & 8 own   
field4  ,moreov]1 !re are o!r =ms 9 :i* 

naturalism is dom9at+ mod]n society4 ,x 
began1 l all movem5ts1 9 lit]ature &    
philosophy & individual bohemianism2 b x
 soon work$ its way into social &       
political & economic organizations4 ,n[1
 :5 we are deal+ ) !m we are deal+ ) !  
_w ( ! middle class2 ?is is our _w4 ,&  
"h we f9d naturalism today 9 its mo/    
brutal & entr5*$ expressions4 ,"h x     
confronts e prea*] on ! middle aisle ( 8
 ,sunday morn+ congregation4 ,we are    
cont9ually =gett+ ?is because x is a    
common fallacy ( our h>d-head$ &        
prosp]\s p>i%ion]s to suppose t !       
vag>ies ( philosoph]s & ! maund]+s (    
poets h only ! slighte/ practical       
significance4 ,b few ?+s c\ld be fur!r f
 ! tru?4 ,x is ab/ract ?\ght & pure     
feel+ :i* are p]petually m\ld+ ! life ( 
(fice & m>ket & /reet4 ,x has sometimes 
be5 ! dire mi/ake ( prea*+ t x took only
 an indiff]5t & contemptu\s int]e/ 9 su*
 contempor>y movem5ts 9 lit]ature & art4
 ,its attitude t[>d !m has be5 det]m9$  
by temp]am5tal indiff]5ce to _! appeal4 

,x =gets ! significance ( _!            
intellectual & emotional s\rces4 ,?is   
is1 !n1 prov9cialism & obtus5ess & n[h]e
 are !y by _! v nature m indef5sible or 
m disa/r\s ?an 9 ! prea*] ( religion4   
,let u turn1 !n1 to ^? organiz$         
expressions ( society :]e our own       
civilization is /ra9$ ! mo/1 :]e x is   
ne>e/ to ! break+ po9t1 namely1 to our  
indu/rial & political ord]4 ,let u ask  
ourselves if we d n f9d ?is naturali/ic 
philosophy regnant !re4 ,t we are       
surr\nd$ by widespread indu/rial revolt1
 t we see obvi\s political decad5ce on !
 "o h&1 & a det]m9ation to exp]im5t )   
fre% gov]nm5tal processes on ! o!r1 few 
w\ld d5y4 ,x w\ld appe> to me t 9 bo?   
cases ! revolt & ! decad5ce are due to t
 fi]ce1 %ort cre$ ( rebellion aga9/     
humane no less ?an religi\s /&>ds1 :i*  
has m & m gov]n$ our national economic  
sy/ems & our int]national political     
int]c\rse4 ,let me beg9 ) bus9ess &     
indu/ry z !y exi/$ be=e ! w>4 ,i pa9t a 
g5]al picture2 !re are _m & notable     

exceptions to x1 human idealism !re is 9
 pl5ty1 b x & !y only prove ! rule4 ,& z
 ,i pa9t ! picture1 ask y\rselves ! two 
que/ions :i* %\ld int]e/ u z prea*]s    
reg>d+ x4 ,fir/1 by :i* ( ^! ?ree laws (
 human developm5t1 religi\s1 humani/ic1 
naturali/ic1 has x be5 l>gely gov]n$8   
,secondly1 by :at law are m5 n[ attempt+
 to solve its pres5t difficulties8  ,!  
pres5t indu/rial situation is ! product 
( two causes4 ,"o ( !m 0 ! inv5tion (   
ma*9]y & ! discov]y ( /eam transit4 ,^! 
multipli$ production4 ,!y made          
accessible unexploit$ s\rces ( raw      
mat]ial & new m>kets = f9i%$ goods4 ,!  
opportunities = lucrative trad+ & !     
pr(itabl5ess ( ov]production :i* !y made
 possible became almo/ immeasurable4    
,be=e ^! discov]ies we/]n society 0     
g5]ally agricultural1 accompani$ by     
cottage indu/ries & guild trades4 ,x 0  
l>gely made up ( direct contacts &      
controll$ by local int]e/s4 ,aft] !m x  
became a huge indu/rial empire ( ramifi$
 int]national relation%ips4  ,! second  

factor 9 ! situation 0 ! intellectual & 
spiritual nature ( ! society :i* ^!     
inv5tions ent]$4 ,x 01 z we h se51      
ess5tially humani/ic4 ,x believ$ mu* 9 !
 natural rights ( man4 ,! individual 0  
ju/ifi$1 by ! natural ord]1 9 seek+ 8   
sep>ate good4 ,if he only s\ght x h>d   
en\gh & well en\gh ! result w\ld be = ! 
g5]al welf>e ( society4 ,?us at ! mom5t 
:5 me*anical inv5tion (f]$ unhe>d-(     
opportunities = mat]ial expansion &     
lucrative bus9ess1 ! ?\ght & feel+ ( !  
community pretty g5]ally sanction$ an   
individuali/ic philosophy ( life4 ,!    
result 0 tragic if inevitable4 ,! new   
indu/rial ord] (f]$ bo? ! practical     
inc5tive & ! !oretical ju/ification =   
in/itutional decl5sion f humane to      
primitive /&>ds4 ,x is n to be suppos$ t
 m5 slipp$ delib]ately into paganism2 ! 
human m9d is n s s9i/] z x is /upid nor 
s cruel z x is unimag9ative nor s brutal
 z x is complac5t4 ,= ! mo/ "p we d n   
really und]/&1 9 our daily lives1 :at we
 are ab\t4 ,h5ce society deg5]at$1 z x  

always does1 9 ! confid5t & /ubborn     
belief t x 0 improv+ ! "t & do+ ,god's  
s]vice4 ,b ,he t sitte? 9 ! heav5s mu/ h
 laugh$1 ,he mu/ h _h u 9 d]ision6  ,=  
^u :at law1 natural1 human1 div9e1 has  
?is new empire be5 f\nd$8 ,t x has      
produc$ great humani/s is gratefully    
conc$$2 t real spiritual progress has   
issu$ f its incid5tal cosmopolitanism is
 manife/2 b :i* way has x front$1 :at h 
be5 its *>act]i/ic emphases & its       
controll+ t5d5cies8 ,let its own works  
te/ify4 ,x has creat$ a _w ( new &      
extreme inequality1 bo? 9 ! di/ribution 
( mat]ial1 ( intellectual & ( spiritual 
goods4 ,"h is a small gr\p :o own ! l&1 
! h\ses1 ! factories1 ma*9]y & ! tools4 
,"h is a v l>ge gr\p1 )\t h\ses1 )\t    
tools1 )\t l& or goods4 ,at ?is mom5t   
only #g p] c5t ( our #aaj1jjj1jjj (     
,am]ican p h an income ( #c1jjj or m2   
only #a p] c5t h an income ( #e1jjj or  
m6 ,:at law produc$ & ju/ifies su* a    
society8 ,! unwritt5 law ( heav58 ,no4  
,! law ( humanism1 ( ,confucius &       

,buddha & ,epictetus & ,aurelius8 ,no4  
,! law ( nak$ individualism2 ( might2   
=ce2 cunn+8 ,yes4  ,"h 9 our ,am]ican   
cities are ! ov]weal?y & ! insol5tly    
worldly p4 ,!y h _! palatial t[n h\se1  
_! broad inl& acres2 "s ( !m h _!       
seaside homes1 _! fi% & game pres]ves z 
well4 ,"h 9 our ,am]ican cities are !   
ali51 ! ignorant1 ! helpless1 cr[d$ into
 unclean & indec5t t5em5ts1 sometimes   
#a1jjj human be+s to ! acre4 ,:at       
ju/ifies a pseudo-civilization :i*      
p]mits su* tragic inequality ( =tune8   
,inequality ( end[m5t8 ,no4 ,fir/1      
because !re is no natural inequality s  
extreme z t2 secondly1 because no "o    
w\ld d>e ass]t t ^! cleavages 9 !       
indu/rial /ate ev5 remotely p>allel !   
correspond+ cleavages 9 ! di/ribution ( 
ability among mank9d4 ,:at ju/ifies x1  
!n8 ,! unwritt5 law ( heav58 ,no4 ,! law
 ( humanism8 ,no4 ,! law ( ! jungle8    
,yes4  ,n[ = our second "q4 ,by :at law1
 admitt+ _m exceptions1 are m5 on ! :ole
 try+ to *ange ?is situation at once    

indec5t & impi\s8 ,?is is a yet m       
important qu]y4 ,our _w has obvi\sly    
awak5$ to ! rott5ness 9 ,d5m>k4 ,b :]e  
are we turn+ = our rem$y8 ,is x to !    
p5it5ce & confession1 ! public-m9d$ness1
 ! id5tification ( ! fate ( ! individual
 ) ! fate ( ! :ole gr\p :i* is !        
religi\s impulse8 ,is x to a dis9t]e/$ &
 ev5-h&$ ju/ice1 ! high legalism ( !    
,gold5 ,rule1 :i* w\ld be ! humani/'s   
way8 ,or is x to ! old law ( aggression 
& might transf]r+ ! ga9 !re( f ! pres5t 
exploit]s to ! rec5tly exploit$8  ,x    
w\ld appe> to be g5]ally true t society 
at ?is mom5t is n *iefly conc]n$ ) ei!r 
love or ju/ice1 r5unciation or          
discipl9e1 n ) ! supplant+ ( ! old ord]1
 b ) p]petuat+ ! naturali/ic pr9ciple by
 means ( a p>tial r$ivision ( ! spoils1 
a s]ies ( compromises1 design$ to make x
 m tol]able = "o class ( its =m]        
victims4 ,?us 9 capital we h !          
autocratic corporation1 aton+ = pa/     
outrages on humanity by a well-adv]tis$ 
b5evol5t pat]nalism1 calculat$ to make  

m5 com=table s t !y may n /ruggle to be 
free1 or by huge gifts to education1 to 
philan?ropy1 to religion4 ,9 labor we   
see m5 ris+ 9 brute fury aga9/ bo?      
employ] & society4 ,!y d5y ! basic      
necessities ( life to _! fell[ citiz5s2 
!y br+ ! bludgeon ( ! picket d[n ^u !   
head ( ! scab2 by means ( ! clos$ %op !y
 refuse ! "r to "w to _! bro!r craftsm52
 !y level ! incapable m5 up & ! capable 
m5 d[n by insi/+ ^u uni=mity (          
production & wage4 ,?us !y replace !    
artificial inequality ( ! ari/ocrat ) ! 
artificial equality ( ! prolet>iat1     
/riv+ to organize a new tyranny = ! old4
 ,x is significant t our society        
believes t ?is is ! only way by :i* x c 
ga9 its rights4 ,t betrays our real     
infidelity4 ,= betwe5 ! two1 associat$  
capital & associat$ labor1 :at is !re to
 *oose today8 ,by :at law1 dep5d+ ^u :at
 sort ( p[]1 is ea* seek+ its respective
 ends8 ,by ! unwritt5 law ( heav58 ,no4 
,by ! humane law1 "s objective /&>d (   
common rights & inclusive ju/ice8 ,no6  

,by ! anci5t law t ! only effectual     
appeal is to might & t opportunity !re=e
 ju/ifies ! de$8 ,on ! :ole x is to ?is 
"q t we mu/ answ]1 yes6  ,turn away n[ f
 national economics & indu/ry to        
int]national politics4 ,does n its real 
politik make ! philosophical naturalism 
( ,sp5c] & ,haeckel seem l *ild's play8 
,= long !re has be5 "o code ( e?ics = ! 
peaceful p5etration ( comm]cially       
desirable l&s1 = punitive exp$itions    
aga9/ peoples possess$ ( raw mat]ials1 =
 int]national bank+ & f9ance &          
diplomatic int]c\rse1 & ano!r code =    
private honor & p]sonal morality4 ,!re  
has be5 "o moral scale ( values = ! fa!r
 ( 8 family & ano!r = ! same man z w>d  
or /ate or f$]al politician2 "o code to 
gov]n int]nal disputes )9 ! nation2     
ano!r code to gov]n ext]nal disputes    
betwe5 nations4 ,& :at is ?is code t    
produc$ ! ,prussian autocracy1 t long   
insi/$ on ! opium trade betwe5 ,india & 
,*9a1 t p]mitt$ ! atrocities 9 !        
,belgian ,congo1 t s5t fir/ ,russia & !n

 ,japan into ,port ,ar?ur & fir/ ,g]many
 & !n ,japan into ,%antung1 t insi/s ^u 
reta9+ ! ,turk 9 ,con/ant9ople1 t       
produc$ ! already discr$it$ treaty (    
,v]sailles8 ,:at is ! code t made !     
deadly rivalry ( m\nt+ armam5ts betwe5  
army & army1 navy & navy1 ( ! ,europe   
be=e #aiad8 ,! code1 to be sure1 (      
cunn+1 ( gre$1 ( might2 ! mat]ialism ( !
 philosoph] & ! naturalism ( ! s5suali/1
 clo!d 9 gr&iose =ms & cov]$ ) !        
insuff]able hypocrisy ( solemn phrases4 
,!re are no conceivable e?ical or       
religi\s int]e/s & no humane goals or   
values t ju/ify ^! ?+s4 ,int]national   
diplomacy & politics1 economic          
imp]ialism1 us+ political ma*9]y & p[]  
to half-cloak1 half-*ampion its ends1   
has no law ( ,*ri/ian sacrifice & no law
 ( ,greek mod]ation beh9d x4 ,on !      
contr>y1 :at %\ld int]e/ ! ,*ri/ian     
prea*]1 z he reg>ds x1 is its %e] an>*y1
 its una%am$ & nak$ paganism4 ,its law  
is t ( ! unscrupul\s & ! d>+1 n t ( !   
compassionate or ! j4 ,9 :at does       

sci5tific & emotional naturalism issue1 
!n8 ,9 ?is2 a man1 if he be a man1 w /& 
above div9e or human law & make x       
op]ative only = ! weakl+s b5ea?4 ,:]ev] 
opportunity (f]s he w consult 8 own w & 
gratify x to ! full4 ,to h1 to get1 to  
buy1 to sell1 to exploit ! _w = p[]1 to 
exploit "o's self = pleasure1 ?is is to 
live4 ,! only law is ! old primitive    
sn>l2 ea* man = himself1 let ! devil    
take ! h9dmo/4  ,!re is only "o end to  
su* naturalism & t is increas+ an>*y4 ,x
 means my w aga9/ y\r w2 my appetite =  
gold1 = l&1 = wom51 = luxury & beauty   
aga9/ y\r appetite2 until at l5g? x     
culm9ates 9 ! op5 madness ( physical    
viol5ce1 physical de/ruction1 physical  
dea? & despair4 ,!re c be no o!r end to 
x4 ,if m5 d>e n risk be+ ! lov]s ( _!   
k9d1 !n !y mu/ *oose betwe5 be+ ! slaves
 ( duty or ! slaves ( =ce4 ,:at are we  
read+ 9 ! public pr9ts & he>+ f plat=m &
 /age8 ,! un5d+ wail = rights2 !        
ass]tion ( ! individual4 ,ceas$ is !    
*ant ( duty1 =gott5 ! sacrifice ( love6 

,! ev5ts :i* h trans=m$ ! _w s9ce #aiad 
are an awful comm5t>y ^u su* naturalism 
& a dreadful confirmation ( our         
indictm5t4 ,be=e ! spectacle t _m ( u   
saw on ^? sodd5 fields ( ,fl&]s1 bo?    
humani/ & religioni/ %\ld be alike      
agha/4 ,h[ *ildi% n to p]ceive t its    
causes1 z di/+ui%$ f its occasions1 7   
common to our :ole civilization4 ,h[    
p]v]se n to confess t b5ea? all our     
mod]n life1 z its dom9at+ motive1 has   
la9 t ru?less & pagan philosophy1 :i*   
creates alike ! syb>ite1 ! tyrant & !   
an>*2 ! philosophy 9 :i* lu/ goes h& 9  
h& ) cruelty & unre/ra9$ w to p[] is    
accompani$ by unmeasur$ & unscrupul\s   
=ce4  ,x is incr$ible to me h[ m5 c take
 ?is delirium ( self-de/ruction1 ?is    
plung+ ( ! sword into our own he>t 9 a  
f9al fr5zy ( compet+ an>*y & deck x out 
) h]oic & poetic values1 fl+ ov] x !    
seamless robe ( ,*ri/1 unfurl above x ! 
bann] ( ! ,cross6 ,! only contribution !
 ,_w ,w> has made to religion has be5 to
 ?r[ into intol]able relief ! ess5tially

 irreligi\s & inhumane "* ( our         
civilization4  ,( c\rse1 ! m5 & ! ideals
 :o actually f\ght ! conte/ z di/+ui%$ f
 ! m5 & ideals :i* precipitat$ x &      
det]m9$ its movem5ts1 fill gallant pages
 ) _! h]oism & holy sacrifice4 ,= w>s   
are f\ght by ! "y at ! dictation ( !    
old1 & y\? is ev]y:]e humane & poetic4  
,?us1 if ,i may be p]mitt$ to quote f a 
book ( m9e rec5tly publi%$3  ,our sons 7
 bade to ent] x z a 'w> to end w>1' a   
f9al /ruggle :i* %\ld aboli% !          
intol]able burd5s ( armam5ts &          
conscription4 ,!y 7 taught to exalt x z 
a /rife = oppress$ & helpless peoples2 !
 prelude to a new bro!rhood & coop]ation
 among ! nations1 & to t reign ( ju/ice 
:i* is ! antec$5t condition ( peace4    
,!y did _! "p4 ,) adv5tur\s fai? !y     
glorifi$ _! cause & (f]$ _! fre% lives  
to make x good4 ,_! sacrifice1 !        
idealism :i* lay beh9d x 9 _! respective
 communities--! un(ficial p]ceptions t  
!y1 ! fa!rs & mo!rs & ! boys1 7 fight+  
to v9dicate ! supremacy ( ! moral ov] ! 

mat]ial factors ( life--?is has made an 
imp]i%able gift to ! new _w & our       
*ildr5's lives4 ,:5 an entire commuity  
rises to some?+ ( magnanimity1 & a      
nation id5tifies its fate ) ! lot (     
weak] /ates1 !n ev5 mutilation & dea?   
may be gift-br+]s to mank9d4  ,b x is m 
significant to our purpose to note t !  
blood ( y\? _h h>dly ceas$ to run be=e !
 (ficials began to dick] = ! mat]ial    
fruits ( conque/4 ,n h[ to obta9 peace b
 h[ to exploit victory--to wre/ ea* =   
himself ! l>g] tribute f ! fall5        
foe--became _! prim>y conc]n4 ,s ! y\?  
appe> to h di$ = a t>iff1 p]i%$ = trade 
r\tes & h>bors1 = ! fur!r+ ( ! comm]cial
 advantages ( ?is nation z aga9/ t1 = ! 
seiz+ ( ! m>kets ( ! _w4 ,!y suppos$ !y 
f\ght 'to end bus9ess ( t sort' b !y    
return$ to f9d _! accr$it$              
repres5tatives contemplat+ univ]sal     
milit>y s]vice 9 frank expectation ( '! 
next w>4' ,!y /rove = !                 
'self-det]m9ation ( peoples' b f9d t x 0
 = "s p1 b n all4 ,& z = ! coop]ation   

among nations1 ,judge ,g>y has rec5tly  
told u t1 z a result ( ! w>1 we %\ld    
prep>e = '! fi]ce/ comm]cial /ruggle 9 !
 hi/ory ( mank9d6'#ai  ,footnote #ai3 ,c
 ! ,*ur* ,survive8 pp4 #ad ff4  ,is x n 
cle>1 !n1 today t beh9d ! det]m9+ z     
di/+ui%$ f ! fight+ =ces ( ! w> !re lay 
a comm]cial & f9ancial imp]ialism1      
direct$ by small & p[]ful m9orities1    
l>gely support$ by a sympa!tic press :i*
 us$ ! ma*9]y ( repres5tative democracy 
to ov]?r[ a m nak$ & brutal imp]ialism  
^: ma*9]y 0 t ( a milit>y autocracy8    
,motives1 scales ( value1 me?ods &      
desir$ ends1 7 mu* ! same = all ^! small
 gov]n+ gr\ps z !y op]at$ f beh9d !     
v>i\s %ibbole?s ^: magic !y us$ to n]ve 
! arms ( ! cont5d+ =ces4 ,! conclusion (
 ! w> has reveal$ ! common spr+s (      
action ( ! pr(essional soldi]1 /atesman1
 bank]1 ecclesia/ic1 9 our pres5t       
civilization4 ,on ! :ole !y accept !    
rule ( physical might z ! ultimate      
ju/ification ( conduct4 ,!y are ! lead]s
 & spokesm5 9 an economic1 social &     

political e/abli%m5t :i*1 pret5d+ to    
civilization1 always turns :5 /ra9$ or  
imp]il$ by =eign or dome/ic dang]s to   
physical =ce z ! f9al arbit]4  ,x is    
truly om9\s to see ! gradual ext5sion ( 
?is naturali/ic pr9ciple /ill go+ on 9 !
 /ate4 ,! coal /rike 0 settl$1 n by     
arbitration1 b by conf]5ce1 & conf]5ces 
appe> to be replac+ dis9t]e/$           
arbitration4 ,?is means t decisions are 
be+ made on ! pr9ciple ( compromise1    
dictat$ by ! exp$i5cy ( ! mom5t1 n by   
ref]5ce to any ?ird p>ty1 or to "s fix$ 
& mutually recogniz$ /&>ds4 ,?is is z   
old z ,py?agoras & z new z ,b]gson &    
,croce2 x assumes t ! concept ( ju/ice  
is man-made1 produc$ & to be alt]$ by   
exp$i5ces & practicalities1 always 9    
flux4 ,b ! ess5ce ( a civilization is ! 
humani/ic conviction t !re is some?+    
fix$ & abid+ ar\nd :i* life may ord] &  
ma9ta9 itself4  ,progress re/s on !     
,platonic !ory t laws are n made by man 
b discov]$ by him2 t !y exi/ z et]nal   
di/9ctions beyond ! rea* ( 8 alt]ation4 

,aga91 an una%am$ & rampant naturalism  
has j be5 sweep+ ?is c\ntry 9 ! wave (  
mean & cruel intol]ance :i* insi/s ^u ! 
cont9u$ imprisonm5t ( political h]etics1
 :i* w\ld prohibit fre$om ( spee* by    
gov]nm5tal decree & oppose new or       
di/a/eful ideas by ! physical           
suppression ( ! ?9k]4 ,! sev]al &       
notori\s attempts beg9n+ ) deportations 
& end+ ) ! unseat+ ( ! ,new ,york       
assemblym51 to combat radical ?9k+ by   
physical or political                   
p]secution--attempts uni=mly mean &     
univ]sally impot5t 9 hi/ory--are z s9i/]
 z !y are /upid4 ,! only law :i*        
ju/ifies ! p]secution & imprisonm5t (   
religi\s & political h]etics is nei!r ! 
law ( reason nor ! law ( love1 b ! law (
 fe>1 h5ce ( tyranny & =ce4 ,:5 a       
tw5tie?-c5tury nation beg9s to raise !  
anci5t cry1 ,come n[ & let u kill ?is   
dream] & we %all see :at w become ( 8   
dreams1 t nation is decl9+ to !         
naturali/ic level4 ,= ?is cle>ly        
indicates t ! humane & religi\s res\rces

 ( civilization1 ( :i* ! *ur* is among !
 *ief confess$ & appo9t$ gu>dians1 are  
utt]ly inadequate to ! /ra9 impos$ ^u   
!m4 ,h5ce =ce1 n ju/ice1 ?\gh !y may    
sometimes h happ5$ to co9cide1 & p[]1 n 
reason or fai?1 are becom+ ! embodim5t (
 ! /ate today4  ,we come n[ to ! f9al "q
 ( our *apt]4 ,h[ has ?is r5ewal (      
naturalism affect$ ! *ur* & ,*ri/ian    
prea*+8 ,on ! :ole today1 ! ,prote/ant  
*ur* is accept+ ?is naturali/ic         
attitude4 ,9 a sign$ editorial 9 ! ,new 
,republic = ! la/ week ( ,decemb]1      
#aiai1 ,h]b]t ,croly said1 "u !         
significant title ( ,disord]$           
,*ri/ianity3 ,bo? politicians & prop]ty 
own]s consid] !mselves entitl$ to ignore
 ,*ri/ian guidance 9 ex]cis+ political &
 economic p[]1 to expect or to compel ! 
cl]gy to agree ) !m & if necess>y to    
treat disagreem5t z negligible4 ,!      
,*ri/ian *ur*1 z a :ole1 or 9 "p1 does n
 prote/ aga9/ ! practically complete    
secul>ization ( political1 economic &   
social life4  ,y may say su*            

extra-ecclesia/ical /rictures are       
unsympa!tic & ill in=m$4 ,b "h is :at   
,wa%+ton ,gladd5 wrote 9 ,janu>y1 #aiah3
 ,if aft] ! w> ! *ur* keeps on ) ! same 
old religion1 !re w be ! same old hell  
on e>? t religi\s lead]s h be5 prep>+ = 
c5turies1 ! full fruit ( :i* we are     
ga!r+ n[4 ,! *ur* mu/ cease to sanction 
^? pr9ciples ( milit>i/ic & a!i/ic      
nationalism by :i* ! rul]s ( ! e>? h s  
long kept ! e>? at w>4#bj ,?us f )9 !   
sanctu>y is ! same indictm5t ( our      
naturalism4  ,footnote #bj3 ,! ,pacific1
 ,janu>y #ag1 #aiah4  ,b y may say ,dr4 
,gladd5 0 an old man & a little extreme 
9 "s ( 8 positions & he belong$ to a pa/
 g5]ation4 ,b !re are _m signs at !     
pres5t mom5t ( ! increas+ secul>iz+ (   
our *ur*es4 ,! individualism ( our      
s]vices1 _! casual "*1 _! romantic &    
s5tim5tal music1 _! m9imiz+ ( ! (fices (
 pray] & devotion1 _! increas+ turn+ ( !
 pulpit into a =um = political          
discussion & a place ( common ent]ta9m5t
 all indicate x4 ,!re is an accept$     

secul>ity today ab\t ! organization4    
,*ur* & prea*] h1 to a l>ge degree1     
rel9qui%$ _! ess5tial message1 dropp$ _!
 religi\s values4 ,we are pretty l>gely 
today play+ our game ! _w's way4 ,we are
 adopt+ ! me?ods & accept+ ! /&>ds ( !  
m>ket4 ,9 an issue la/ mon? ( !         
,int]-,*ur* ,bullet9 0 ! foll[+ headl9e3
 ,*ri/ianity ,h& 9 ,h& ) ,bus9ess1 &    
und]nea? ! foll[+3  ,george ,w4         
,wick]%am1 =m]ly ,unit$ ,/ates          
attorney-g5]al1 says 9 an int]view t !re
 is no?+ incompatible betwe5 ,*ri/ianity
 & mod]n bus9ess me?ods4 ,a lead+ lay   
(ficial ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur* decl>es t  
:at ! *ur*es ne$ m ?an any?+ else is a  
/rong injection ( bus9ess me?od into _! 
managem5t4 ',"s latt]-day ,h5ry         
,drummond1' he said1 '%\ld write a book 
on ,bus9ess ,law 9 ! ,spiritual ,_w4'   
,9 ?is same pap]1 9 ! issue ( ,m>* #bg1 
#aibj1 !re 0 an article comm5d+ ,*ri/ian
 missions4 ,! fir/ caption ran3         
,comm]cial ,progress ,foll[s ,"w (      
,prote/ant ,missions1 & its subtitle 0  

,h[ ,mission>ies ,aid ,comm]ce4 ,"h is  
,bus9ess ,law 9 ! ,spiritual ,_w6 ,"h is
 ! *ur* comm5d$ to ! hea!n & ! s9n] z an
 adv]tis+ ag5t1 an advance gu>d (       
comm]cial prosp]ity1 a hawk] ( w>es6 ,if
 ! ,bullet9 ev] p5etrates to ^? b5ight$ 
l&s ( ! ,ori5t ^u :i* we are ?us anxi\s 
to be/[ ! s app>5t b5efits ( our pres5t 
civilization x is conceivable t ev5 !   
untutor$ savage1 to say no?+ ( ,*9am5 & 
,japanese1 might read x ) 8 tongue 9 8  
*eek4  ,su* nave opportunism & frantic  
imm$iacy w\ld seem to me conclusive pro(
 ( ! dis9tegration & an>*y ( ! _s )9 !  
sanctu>y4 ,x is a "p ( x all t ev]yone  
has today :at he is pleas$ to call 8 own
 religion4 ,& ne>ly ev]yone made x      
himself1 or ?9ks he did4 ,consci5ce has 
ceas$ to be a *eck ^u p]sonal impulse1 !
 ?\ %alt n ( ! s\l address$ to untutor$ 
desires1 & become an amiable in/9ct =   
do+ good to o!rs4 ,! ,*ri/ian is an     
effusive creature1 lov+ ev]y?+ &        
ev]ybody2 exalt+ o!rs 9 t]ms ( himself4 
,we abhor religi\s conv5tions2 9        

p>ticul> we ha/5 to proclaim t we are   
free f ! /igma ( or?odoxy4 ,we d n g to 
*ur* to le>n1 to m$itate1 to rep5t & to 
pray2 we g to be happy1 to le>n h[ to   
keep "y & prosp]\s2 x is good bus9ess2 x
 pays4 ,we h a new & mo/ dete/able cant2
 someone has ju/ly said t ! natural man 
9 u has be5 masqu]ad+ z ! spiritual man 
by endlessly prat+ ( c\rage1            
patriotism--:at crimes h be5 committ$ 9 
its "n6--developm5t ( backw>d p1        
bro!rhood ( man1 s]vice ( ^? less       
=tunate ?an ourselves1 natural e?ical   
idealism1 ! common de/9ies ( nations--& 
n[ he rises up & gl>es at u ) /a9$ f+]s 
& blood%ot eyes6#ba ,9 s f> z we h      
succumb$ to naturalism1 we h become cold
 & %rewd & flexible2 %all[ & noisy &    
effusive2 h be5 r pr\d to believe any?+ 
9 g5]al & almo/ no?+ 9 p>ticul>2 become 
a sort ( religi\s jelly fi%1 bump+      
bl9dly ab\t 9 seas ( s5tim5t & label+ t 
peace & bro!rhood & religion6  ,footnote
 #ba3 ,r\sseau & ,romanticism1 p4 #cgf4 
,"h1 !n1 is ! /ate ( organiz$ religion  

today 9 our *ur*es4 ,!y are volunt>y    
gr\ps ( m5 & wom51 long s9ce emancipat$ 
f ! control ( ! *ur* z su*1 or ( ! m9i/]
 z an (ficial1 set free also f          
allegiance to hi/oric /atem5ts1         
traditional1 intellectual sanctions (   
our fai?2 m\ld$ by ! "t _s :i* enfolds  
!m to a half-unconsci\s ignor+ or       
depreciation ( :at mu/ always be !      
fundam5tal problem ( religion--!        
relation%ip ( ! s\l1 n to its neighbor1 
b to ,god4 ,h5ce ! almo/ total abs5ce ( 
doctr9al prea*+--inde$1 h[ d>e we prea* 
,*ri/ian doctr9e to ! indu/ry & politics
 & conduct ( ?is age8 ,h5ce ! humiliat+ 
/riv+ to keep up ) popul> movem5ts1 to  
con=m to ! mom5t4 ,h5ce ! placid        
acceptance ( milit>y propag&a & ev5 (   
v9dictive exhortation4  ,is x any wond] 
!n t we _c compete ) ! /ate or ! _w = ! 
loyalty ( m5 & wom58 ,we h no sub/itute 
to (f]4 ,:o ne$ be surpris$ at !        
re/lessness1 ! fluidity1 ! elusiv5ess ( 
! ,prote/ant laity8 ,& :o ne$ wond] t at
 ?is mom5t we are dep5d+ ^u ! ext]nals (

 ma*9]y1 publicity & money to re9/ate   
ourselves z a spiritual society 9 !     
community8 ,a well-kn[n (ficial ( our   
communion1 speak+ be=e a meet+ ( m9i/]s 
9 ,new ,york ,city on ,tuesday1 ,m>*    
#bc1 0 quot$ 9 ! ,spr+field ,republican 
( ! next day z say+3 ,! *ur* holds !    
only cure = ! possible an>*y ( ! future 
& (f]s ! only prev5tative = ! hell :i*  
we h _h = ! la/ five ye>s4 ,b to meet   
?is *all5ge ! *ur* c only g z f>--z !   
money p]mits4  ,has n ! "t arriv$ :51 if
 we are to f9d ourselves aga9 9 ! _w1 we
 %\ld ask1 ,:at is ?is religion 9 :i* we
 believe8 ,:at is ! real nature ( its   
res\rces8 ,:at ! real nature ( its      
rem$ies8 ,d we d>e def9e x8 ,&1 if we d1
 w\ld we d>e to ass]t x1 come out f ! _w
 & live = x1 9 ! mid/ ( ! paganism ( ?is
 mom5t8 ,is x true t )\t ! loaves & !   
fi%es we c d no?+8 ,if s1 !n we1 too1 h 
succumb$ to naturalism inde$6           
,,*apt] ,,f\r  ,,! ,,unmeasur$ ,,gulf   
,y may rememb] t :5 ,daniel ,web/] made 
8 reply to ,hayne 9 ! ,s5ate he began ! 

argum5t by a return to fir/ pr9ciples4  
,:5 ! m>9]1 said he1 has be5 toss$ = _m 
days 9 ?ick wea!r & on an unkn[n sea1 he
 naturally avails himself ( ! fir/ pause
 9 ! /orm1 ! e>lie/ glance ( ! sun1 to  
take 8 latitude1 & asc]ta9 h[ f> !      
elem5ts h driv5 him f 8 true c\rse4 ,let
 u imitate ?is prud5ce & be=e we float  
fur!r on ! waves ( ?is debate1 ref] to !
 po9t f :i* we dep>t$4 ,he !n ask$ = !  
read+ ( ! resolution4  ,x is to "s su*  
rehe>s+ ( our orig9al message1 a        
re/atem5t ( ! !sis :i* we1 z prea*]s1   
are set to comm5d1 t we turn ourselves 9
 ^! pages4 ,! brutal dislocations ( !   
w>1 & ! long & confus$ c\rse (          
dis9tegrat+ life t lay beh9d x1 h driv5 
civilization f its true c\rse & deflect$
 ! *ur* f h] normal pa?1 h] natural     
und]tak+s4 ,let u try1 !n1 to get back  
to our *>t]2 def9e once m :at we really 
/& =2 view our human life1 n z capta9 ( 
indu/ry1 or int]national politician1 or 
pagan worldl+1 or ev5 classic h]o1 w\ld 
reg>d x1 b see x ?r\gh ! eyes ( a ,paul1

 an ,augu/9e1 a ,b]n>d1 a ,lu!r1 ! ,"l  
,jesus4 ,we h already rem>k$ h[ timely &
 necess>y is ?is r$ef9+ ( our religi\s  
values4 ,if1 z ,less+ said1 x is ! end (
 education to make m5 to see ?+s t are  
l>ge z l>ge & ?+s t are small z small1 x
 is ev5 m truly ! end ( ,*ri/ian prea*+4
 ,:at we are mo/ 9 ne$ ( today is a     
correct$ p]spective ( our fai?2 )\t x we
 d>k5 c\nsel z we talk 9 confusion4 ,s1 
:ile we may n attempt "h a detail$ &    
reason$ /atem5t ( religi\s belief1 we   
may try to say :at is ! fundam5tal      
attitude1 bo? t[>d nature & t[>d man1 t 
lies und]nea? ! religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,we h
 se5 t we are n /at+ t attitude v cle>ly
 n[adays 9 our pulpits2 h5ce we are (t5 
deal+ !re ) s5tim5tal or /]eotyp$ or    
humane or ev5 pagan int]pretations4 ,yet
 no?+ is m fatal = u2 if we p$dle o!r   
m5's w>es !y w be v sure t we despise   
our own4  ,we approa*1 !n1 ! ?ird & f9al
 level ( exp]i5ce to :i* we ref]r$ 9 !  
fir/ lecture4 ,we h se5 t ! humani/     
accepts ! law ( measure2 he re/s back ^u

 ! select$ & c]tifi$ exp]i5ce ( 8 race2 
f )9 himself1 z ! noble/ inhabitant ( ! 
planet1 & by ! fur!r critical obs]vation
 ( nature he proposes to int]pret &     
guide 8 life4 ,he is conv9c$ t ?is      
comb9$ au?ority ( reason & obs]vation w 
lead to ! summum bonum ( ! gold5 mean 9 
:i* unbridl$ self-expression w be se5 z 
equally unwise & indec5t & ascetic      
repression z bo? unwor?y & unnecess>y4  
,x is important to aga9 rem9d ourselves 
t confid5ce 9 ! human _s z ! ma/] ( its 
own fate1 & 9 reason & natural          
obs]vation z (f]+ x ! means ( ?is       
self-control & und]/&+1 are ess5tial    
humani/ic pr9ciples4 ,! humani/ _w is   
rational1 social1 e?ical4  ,ov] aga9/   
?is reasonable & discipl9$ view ( man & 
( 8 _w /&s naturalism4 ,x exploits !    
defects ( ! classic virtue2 x is1 s to  
speak1 humanism run to se$4 ,j z        
religion s (t5 s9ks into bigotry1       
cruelty & sup]/itition1 s humanism1 9   
less] s\ls1 decl9es to egotism1 lic5se &
 s5tim5tality4 ,naturalism1 ei!r by a   

%all[ & ins9c]e use ( ! mat]iali/ic view
 ( ! univ]se1 or by ! exalt+ ( wanton   
feel+ & :imsical fancy z ends 9         
!mselves1 attempts ! id5tification ( man
 ) ! natural ord]1 p]mits him to        
conceive ( ea* desire1 in/9ct1 impulse1 
z1 be+ natural1 !reby def5sible &       
valuable4 ,h5ce x p]mits him to disreg>d
 ! impos$ laws ( civilization--^? fix$  
po9ts ( a humane ord]--& to return 9    
pr9ciple1 & s f> z he d>es 9 action1 to 
! unlimit$ & irresponsible individualism
 ( ! horde4 ,inevitably ! law ( ! jungle
 is delib]ately exalt$1 or unconsci\sly 
adopt$1 ov] aga9/ ! humani/ law (       
mod]ation & discipl9e4  ,! humani/1 !n1 
critically /udies nature & mank9d1 f9d+ 
9 h] matrix & 9 8 own _s data = !       
guidance ( ! race1 improv+ ^u x by a    
cultivat$ & collective exp]i5ce4 ,!     
naturali/ uncritically exalts nature1   
seeks id5tification ) x s t he may      
freely exploit bo? himself & x4 ,! fai? 
( ! "o is 9 ! self-suffici5cy ( !       
discipl9$ _s ( mank9d2 ! unfai? ( ! o!r 

is 9 its glorification ( ! natural _w & 
9 its allegiance to ! mom5t>y devices & 
desires ( ! sep>ate he>t4 ,x w be borne 
9 m9d t ^! def9itions are too cle>-cut2 
t ^! divisions appe> 9 ! complexities ( 
human exp]i5ce1 blurr$ & modifi$ by !   
welt] ( cross curr5ts1 subsidi>y        
conflict+ movem5ts1 :i* obscure all     
human problems4 ,!y repres5t g5u9e &    
significant divisions ( ?\ght & conduct4
 ,b !y appe> 9 actual exp]i5ce z        
controll+ emphases r ?an mutually       
exclusive t]ritories4  ,n[1 ! cle>e/ way
 to get be=e u ! religi\s view ( ! _w & 
! law :i* issues f x is to contra/ x ) !
 o!r two4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! religi\s   
temp]am5t takes a v diff]5t view (      
nature ?an ei!r romantic1 or to a less  
degree sci5tific1 naturalism4           
,naturalism is subrational on ! "o h& or
 non-imag9ative on ! o!r1 9 t x         
emphasizes ! cont9uity betwe5 man & !   
physical univ]se4 ,! religi\s man is    
sup]rational & nobly imag9ative z he    
emphasizes ! diff]5ce betwe5 man &      

nature4 ,he does n =get man's biological
 k9%ip to ! brute1 8 intimate /ructural 
& ev5 psy*ological relation to !        
primates1 b he is aw>e t x is n 9 dwell+
 ^u ^! facts t 8 _s discov]s :at is     
di/9ctive to man z man4 ,t he believes w
 be f\nd by acc5t+ ! *asm betwe5 man &  
nature4 ,he does n "k h[ to conceive ( a
 p]sonal be+ except by ?9k+ ( him z     
proce$+ by o!r1 ?\gh n conflict+1 laws &
 by mov+ t[>d diff]5t second>y ends f ^?
 laws & ends :i* gov]n ! imp]sonal      
ext]nal _w4 ,?is s5se ( ! diff]5ce      
betwe5 man & nature he %>es ) ! humani/1
 only ! humani/ does n c>ry x z f> z he 
does & h5ce may n draw f x 8 ultimate   
conclusions4  ,! religi\s view1 !n1     
beg9s ) ! p]ception ( man's isolation 9 
! natural ord]2 8 diff]5ce f 8          
surr\nd+s4 ,t s5se ( sep>at5ess is      
fundam5tal to ! religi\s nature4 ,!     
false s5tim5t & p>tial sci5ce ( ! pagan 
:i* /resses ! id5tification ( man & bea/
 is ! fir/ qu>rel t religioni/ & humani/
 alike h ) him4 ,nei!r ( !m sanctions   

?is p]v]sion ( ?\ght & feel+ :i* ei!r   
projects ! impressioni/ic self s        
absurdly & p]il\sly into ! natural ord]1
 or else m9imizes man's imag9ative &    
intellectual p[]1 level+ him d[n to !   
amoral in/9ct ( ! brute4 ,h[ mu* m1 said
 ,jesus1 is a man bett] ?an a %eep6 ,"o 
( ! greate/ ( ,engli% humani/s 0 ,mat!w 
,arnold4 ,y rememb] 8 sonnet1 entitl$1  
alas6 ,to a ,prea*]1 :i* runs z foll[s3 
,9 h>mony ) ,nature8 ,re/less fool1     
,:o ) su* heat do? prea* :at 7 to !e1   
,:5 true1 ! la/ impossibility--   ,to be
 l ,nature /rong1 l ,nature cool6   ,"k1
 man ha? all :i* ,nature ha?1 b m1   ,& 
9 t m lie all 8 hopes ( good1   ,nature 
is cruel1 man is sick ( blood2   ,nature
 is /ubborn1 man w\ld fa9 adore2        
,nature is fickle1 man ha? ne$ ( re/2   
,nature =gives no debt & fe>s no grave2 
,man w\ld be mild1 & ) safe consci5ce   
ble/4   ,man mu/ beg92 "k ?is1 :]e      
,nature ends2   ,nature & man c nev] be 
fa/ fri5ds4   ,fool1 if ?\ can/ n pass  
h]1 re/ h] slave6  ,religioni/ & humani/

 alike %>e ?is cle> s5se ( sep>at5ess4  
,lit]ature is full ( ! expression ( x4  
,religion1 9 especial1 has little to d )
 ! natural _w z su*4 ,x is t o!r & inn] 
"o1 :i* c make a hell ( heav51 a heav5 (
 hell1 ) :i* x is *iefly conc]n$4 ,:o c 
=get ,o!llo's soliloquy z he prep>es to 
d>k5 8 m>riage *amb] be=e ! murd] ( 8   
wife8    ,put out ! light1 & !n put out 
! light4   ,if ,i qu5* !e1 ?\ flam+     
m9i/]1   ,i c aga9 ?y =m] light re/ore1 
,%\ld ,i rep5t me2 b once put out ?y    
light1   ,?\ cunn+'/ patt]n ( excell+   
nature1   ,i "k n :]e is t ,prome!an    
heat1   ,t c ?y light relume4 ,:5 ,i h  
pluck'd ! rose   ,i _c give x vital gr[?
 aga91   ,x ne$s mu/ )]4  ,inde$1 h[    
vivid to u all is ?is diff]5ce betwe5   
man & nature4 ,i w\ld to heav51 ,byron  
trac$ on ! back ( ! manuscript ( ,don   
,juan1    ,i w\ld to heav5 t ,i 7 s mu* 
clay1   ,z ,i am bone1 blood1 m>r[1     
passion1 feel+4  ,ah me6 ,s at _m times 
w\ld mo/ ( u4 ,& 9 t s5se t we are n is 
:]e ! religi\s consci\sness takes its   

beg9n+4  ,"h is ! s5se ( ! gap betwe5   
man & ! natural _w felt because man has 
no p[] ov] x4 ,he _c sw]ve nor modify   
its laws1 nor d 8 laws ackn[l$ge its    
asc5d5cy ov] !m4 ,b :at makes ! gulf    
deep] is ! s5se ( ! immeasurable moral  
diff]5ce betwe5 a ?9k+1 feel+1          
self-e/imat+ be+ & all ?is unhe$+ _w    
ab\t him4 ,:atev] x is t looks out f !  
w9d[s ( our eyes some?+ n m]ely ( wond] 
& desire b also ( fe> & repulsion mu/ be
 !re z x gazes into s cruel z well z s  
ali5 an environm5t4 ,= a moral be+ to   
glorify nature z su* is pure folly or   
%e] s5tim5tality4 ,= he kn[s t h] app>5t
 repose & beauty is built up on !       
ru?less & un5d+ w>f>e ( mat*$ =ces1 x   
repres5ts a dreadful equilibrium ( pa94 
,he kn[s1 too1 t t 9 him :i* allies him 
) ?is natural _w is 8 bas]1 n 8 bett]   
"p4 ,?is nobly pessimi/ic attitude t[>d 
! natural univ]se & t[>d man s f> z he  
%>es 9 its *>act]i/ics1 is f\nd 9 all   
classic sy/ems ( !ology & has dom9at$ ! 
great] "p ( ,*ri/ian ?9k+4 ,if x is     

ignor$ today by ! pseudo-religioni/s & !
 s5tim5tali/s2 x is cle>ly en\gh p]ceiv$
 by contempor>y sci5ce & contempor>y    
art4 ,! biologi/ und]/&s x4 ,i "k ( no  
/udy1 wrote ,?omas ,huxley1 :i* is s    
unutt]ably sadd5+ z t ( ! evolution (   
humanity z set =? 9 ! annals ( hi/ory4  
,out ( ! d>kness ( prehi/oric ages man  
em]ges ) ! m>ks ( 8 l[ly orig9 /rong ^u 
him4 ,he is a brute1 only m intellig5t  
?an ! o!r brutes2 a bl9d prey to        
impulses :i* z (t5 z n lead him to      
de/ruction2 a victim to endless         
illusions :i* make 8 m5tal exi/5ce a    
t]ror & a burd51 & fill 8 physical life 
) b>r5 toil & battle4 ,he atta9s a c]ta9
 degree ( com=t1 & develops a m or less 
workable !ory ( life 9 su* favorable    
situations z ! pla9s ( ,mesopotamia or (
 ,egypt1 & !n1 = ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( ye>s   
/ruggles ) v>i\s =tunes1 att5d$ by      
inf9ite wick$ness1 blood%$ & mis]y1 to  
ma9ta9 himself at ?is po9t aga9/ ! gre$ 
& ambition ( 8 fell[ m54 ,he makes a    
po9t ( kill+ & o!rwise p]secut+ all ^?  

:o fir/ try to get him to move on2 & :5 
he has mov$ a /ep f>!r he fooli%ly      
conf]s po/-mortem deification on 8      
victims4 ,he exactly repeats ! process )
 all :o want to move a /ep yet f>!r4#bb 
,footnote #bb3 ,agno/icism1 ! ,n9ete5?  
,c5tury1 ,febru>y1 #ahhi4  ,& no less   
does ! arti/1 ! man ( high & correct    
feel+1 p]ceive ! immeasurable di/ance   
betwe5 unc>+ nature & suff]+ m5 & wom54 
,!re is1 = in/ance1 ! passage 9 ,!      
,education ( ,h5ry ,adams1 9 :i* ,adams 
speaks ( ! dea? ( 8 si/] at ,bagni di   
,lucca4 ,9 ! s+ul> color ( ! ,tuscan    
atmosph]e1 ! hills & v9ey>ds ( !        
,ap5n9es seem$ bur/+ ) midsumm] blood4  
,! sick room itself gl[$ ) ! ,italian   
joy ( life2 fri5ds fill$ x2 no h>%      
nor!rn lights pi]c$ ! s(t %ad[s2 ev5 !  
dy+ woman %>$ ! s5se ( ! ,italian summ]1
 ! s(t velvet air1 ! humor1 ! c\rage1 ! 
s5sual fullness ( ,nature & man4 ,%e    
fac$ dea?1 z wom5 mo/ly d1 bravely & ev5
 gayly1 rack$ sl[ly to unconsci\sness b 
yield+ only to viol5ce1 z a soldi] sabr$

 9 battle4 ,= _m ?\s&s ( ye>s1 on ^!    
hills & pla9s1 ,nature _h gone on sabr+ 
m5 & wom5 ) ! same air ( s5sual         
pleasure4  ,impressions l ^! are n      
reason$ or catalogu$ 9 ! m9d2 !y are    
felt z a "p ( viol5t emotion2 & ! m9d t 
feels !m is a diff]5t "o f t :i*        
reasons2 x is ?\ght ( a diff]5t p[] & a 
diff]5t p]son4 ,! fir/ s]i\s            
consci\sness ( ,nature's ge/ure--h]     
attitude t[>d life--took =m !n z a      
phantasm1 a nightm>e1 an insanity ( =ce4
 ,= ! fir/ "t ! /age sc5]y ( ! s5ses    
collaps$2 ! human m9d felt itself /ripp$
 nak$1 vibrat+ 9 a void ( %apeless      
en]gies1 ) resi/less mass1 collid+1     
cru%+1 wa/+ & de/roy+ :at ^! same       
en]gies _h creat$ & labor$ f et]nity to 
p]fect4  ,"h is a vivid int]pretation ( 
a univ]sal human exp]i5ce4 ,might n any 
"o ( u :o _h endur$ x turn ^u ! pagan & 
s5tim5tali/1 cry+ 9 ! mood ( a ,swift or
 a ,voltaire1 ,ca v\s amuse1 la vie8 ,! 
ab/ract natural rights ( ! eighte5?     
c5tury smack ( academic complac5cy be=e 

?is4 ,! indignation we feel aga9/ !     
insol5t individualism ( a ,l\is ,,xiv :o
 cri$ ,l'tat c'e/ moi6 or aga9/ !       
indu/rial ov]lord :o spills ! te>s (    
wom5 = 8 ambition1 ! sweat ( ! *ildr5 = 
8 gre$1 is z no?+ beside ! indignation )
 ! natural ord] :i* any biological /udy 
w\ld ar\se except z ! sci5ti/ p]ceives t
 indignation is1 = him1 beside ! po9t & 
! religioni/ believes t x proce$s f n   
see+ f> en\gh into ! process4 ,?is is :y
 !re is an ess5tial absurdity 9 any     
naturali/ic sy/em ( e?ics4 ,ev5 ! cl[n c
 say1    ,"h's a night t pities   ,nei!r
 wise m5 nor fools4  ,?is common        
attitude ( ! religioni/ t[>d nature z a 
remote & cruel _w1 ali5 to our spirits1 
is abundantly reflect$ 9 lit]ature4 ,x  
f9ds a sort ( f9al consummation 9 !     
intuitive insight1 ! bright und]/&+ ( ! 
creative spirits ( our race4 ,:at       
,ari/otle def9es z ! tragic emotions1 ! 
s5se ( ! t]ror & ! pity ( human life1   
arise p>tly f ?is p]ception ( !         
isolation always & ke5ly felt by        

dramati/ & prophet & poet4 ,!y "k well t
 ,nature does n exi/ by our law2 t we   
nei!r control nor und]/& x2 is x n our  
fri5d8  ,!re is1 !n1 ! law ( id5tity    
betwe5 man & nature1 f\nd 9 _! common   
physical orig92 !re is also ! law (     
diff]5ce4 ,x is on t aspect ( reality t 
religion places its emphasis4 ,x is )   
?is approa* to und]/&+ ourselves t      
prea*]s1 z di/+ui%$ f sci5ti/s1 deal4   
,our pres5t society is travel+ f>!r &   
f>!r away f reality 9 s f> z x turns    
ei!r to ! outside _w ( fact1 or to !    
doma9 ( natural law1 expect+ to f9d 9 ^!
 ! elem5ts ( insight = ! fre% guidance (
 ! human _s4 ,n !re resides ! secret ( !
 be+s ( :om ,%elley said1    ,we look   
be=e & aft]   ,& p9e = :at is n1   ,our 
s9c]e/ laught]   ,) "s pa9 is fraught4  
,in/9ct is a base1 a prime factor1 "p ( 
! matrix ( p]sonality4 ,b p]sonality is 
n in/9ct2 x is in/9ct plus a diff]5t    
=ce2 in/9ct trans=m$ by spiritual       
insight & controll$ by moral discipl9e4 
,! man ( religion1 !re=e1 f9ds himself n

 9 "o b two worlds1 n inde$ mutually    
exclusive1 hav+ a common orig91 b       
nev]!less significantly di/9ct4 ,ea* is 
incomplete )\t ! o!r1 ea* 9 a true s5se 
non-exi/5t )\t ! o!r4 ,b t :i* is mo/   
vital to man's _w is unkn[n 9 ! doma9 ( 
nature4 ,already ! p]ception ( a dualism
 is "h4  ,b n[ a ?ird elem5t comes into 
x4 ,!re is some?+ spiritually common to 
nature & man beh9d ! "o1 )9 ! o!r4 ,?is 
,some?+ is ! orig91 ! responsible ag5t =
 man's & nature's physical id5tity4 ,?is
 ,some?+ b9ds ! sep>ates into a sort (  
:ole4 ,?is1 ,i suppose1 is :at ,pr(essor
 ,hock+ ref]s to :5 he says1 ! orig9al  
s\rce ( ! k ( ,god is an exp]i5ce :i*   
might be describ$ z ( n be+ alone 9 kn[+
 ! _w1 & especially ! _w ( nature4#bc   
,?us ! religi\s man recognizes beyond ! 
gulf1 beh9d ! *asm1 some?+ m l himself  
?an x4 ,:5 he contemplates nature1 he   
sees some?+ o!r ?an nature2 n a _w :i*  
is :at x seems to be1 b a _w ^: *ief    
significance is t x is m ?an x seems to 
be4 ,x is a _w :]e appe>ance & reality  

are inextricably m+l$ & yet sublimely & 
significantly sep>ate4 ,9 %ort1 !       
naturali/1 ! pagan1 takes ! _w z x /&s2 
x is j :at x appe>s2 ! ess5ce ( 8       
irreligion is t he p]ceives no?+ 9 x t  
ne$s to be expla9$4 ,b ! religioni/ kn[s
 t ! _w :i* lies be=e our mortal vision 
s spl5did & s ru?less1 s beautiful & s  
dreadful1 does really ga9 bo? its       
sub/ance & significance f immat]ial &   
unse5 p[]s4 ,x is significant n 9 itself
 b because x hides ! tru?4 ,x po9ts =ev]
 to a beyond4 ,x is ! vague &           
insub/antial pageant ( a dream4 ,beh9d  
x1 )9 ! imp5etrable %ad[s1 /&s !        
,inf9ite ,wat*] ( ! sons ( m54          
,footnote #bc3 ,! ,mean+ ( ,god 9 ,human
 ,exp]i5ce1 p4 #bcf4  ,9 e age religi\s 
s\ls h voic$ ?is une>?l9ess ( reality1 !
 noble o!r-worldl9ess ( ! goals ( !     
natural ord]4 ,he>d melodies are sweet1 
b unhe>d melodies are sweet]4 ,poet1    
philosoph] & my/ic h sung _! song or    
proclaim$ _! message kn[+ t !y 7 mov+   
ab\t 9 worlds n realiz$1 cle>ly p]ceiv+ 

! incomplet5ess ( ! ph5om5al _w & !     
delusive nature ( s5se p]ceptions4 ,!y h
 kn[n a ,reality :i* !y c\ld n          
compreh5d2 felt a ,pres5ce :i* !y c\ld n
 grasp4 ,!y h f\nd /r5g? = ! battle &   
peace = ! pa9 by reg>d+ nature z a dim  
projection1 a tantaliz+ intimation ( t  
o!r1 consci\s & creative life1 t        
orig9at+ & directive =ce1 :i* is n      
nature any m ?an ! copp] wire is !      
electric fluid :i* x c>ries--a =ce :i* 0
 be=e x1 :i* moves )9 x1 :i* %all be    
aft] x4  ,s poet & believ] & my/ic f9d !
 key to nature1 ! int]pretation ( t ali5
 & cruel _w1 n by s9k+ to its indiff]5t 
level1 n by s5tim5tal exaltation ( its  
speci\s peace1 its amoral cruelty &     
beauty1 b by reg>d+ x z ! expression1 ! 
intimation r1 ( a purposive             
,intellig5ce1 a sil5t & inf9ite ,=ce1   
beyond x all4 ,s ! pagan effuses ov]    
nature1 gild+ ) 8 s5tim5tality ! puddles
 t ! bea/s w\ld c\gh at4 ,& ! sci5ti/ is
 int]e/$ 9 effici5t causes1 see+ nature 
z an unbrok5 sequ5ce1 an endless        

uni=mity ( cause & effect1 aga9/ ^: iron
 *a9 ! _s ( mank9d wages a =$oom$ b nev]
 end+ revolt4 ,b ! religioni/1 confess+ 
! ru?less indiff]5ce1 ! amorality :i* he
 di/ru/s & fe>s1 & n d5y+ ! maje/ic     
uni=mity ( ord]1 nev]!less decl>es t ^! 
are n self-made1 t ! amorality is b "o  
half & t ! confus+ half ( ! tale4 ,!    
:ole creation inde$ groane? & travaile? 
9 pa91 b = a f9al cause1 :i* alone      
int]prets or ju/ifies x1 & :i* ev5tually
 %all set x free4 ,z a matt] ( fact1    
ne>ly all poets & arti/s ?us view nature
 9 ! light ( f9al causes1 ?\gh (t5      
in/9ctively & unconsci\sly s4 ,= :at !y 
s+ or pa9t or m\ld is n ! l&scape t we  
see1 ! fle% we t\*1 b ! life beh9d x1 ! 
light t nev] 0 on l& or sea4 ,:at !y    
give u is n a photograph or an          
inv5tory--x is worlds away f su* nave & 
ly+ realism4 ,b !y h9t at !             
inexpressible beh9d expression2 pa9t !  
beauty :i* is indi/+ui%able f nature b n
 id5tical ) ,nature4 ,!y make u see t n 
%e1 r$ 9 too? & claw1 b t intangible &  

sup]nal some?+-m1 is :at gives h] !     
cleans+ ba? ( lovel9ess4 ,no reflective 
or imag9ative p]son ne$s to be greatly  
tr\bl$1 !re=e1 by any purely me*anical  
or mat]iali/ic conception ( ! univ]se4  
,!y :o w\ld comm5d t view ( ! cosmos h n
 only to reckon ) philosophical &       
religi\s idealism1 b also ) all ! bright
 b& ( poets & arti/s & se]s4 ,su* an    
issue once resolutely =c$ w\ld !re)     
collapse1 = x w\ld pit ! qualitative    
/&>ds aga9/ ! quantitative1 ! imag9ation
 aga9/ lit]alism1 ! creative _s 9 man   
aga9/ ! ma*9e 9 him4  ,"h1 !n1 is !     
diff]5ce betwe5 ! naturali/'s & !       
religioni/'s attitude t[>d ,nature4 ,!  
believ] judges ,nature1 well aw>e ( !   
gulf betwe5 himself & h]1 hat+ )        
inexpressible dep? ( indignation &      
repudiat+ ) pr(\nd contempt ! syb>ite's 
id5tification ( human & natural law4 ,b 
also he comes back to h]1 n to accept 9 
wond] h] v>iable outw>d =m1 b to wor%ip 
9 awe be=e h] inv>iable inn] mean+4     
,sometimes1 l s _m ( ! humani/s1 he     

rises only to a vague s5se ( ! my/ic    
unity t fills up ! int]spaces ( ! _w1 & 
cries ) ,wordswor?3    444 ,& ,i h felt 
,a pres5ce t di/urbs me ) ! joy   ,(    
elevat$ ?\ghts2 a s5se sublime   ,(     
some?+ f> m deeply int]fus$1   ,^:      
dwell+ is ! light ( sett+ suns1   ,& !  
r\nd ocean & ! liv+ air1   ,& ! blue    
sky1 & 9 ! m9d ( man2   ,a motion & a   
_s1 t impels   ,all ?9k+ ?+s1 all       
objects ( all ?\ght1   ,& rolls ?r\gh   
all ?+s4#bd  ,sometimes he d>es to      
p]sonalize ?is ultimate & !n asc5ds to !
 supreme poetry ( ! religi\s exp]i5ce & 
feels ! cosmic consci\sness1 ! et]nal ,i
 ( ?is /range _w1 :i* fills x ) obs]vant
 maje/y4 ,& !n he *ants1    ,! heav5s   
decl>e ! glory ( ,god1   ,! firmam5t    
%[e? 8 h&iwork4  ,or he :isp]s1    ,:i!r
 %all ,i g f ,?y _s1   ,or :i!r %all ,i 
flee f ,?y pres5ce8   ,if ,i asc5d up   
into heav51 ,?\ art !re1   ,if ,i make  
my b$ 9 hell1 behold ,?\ art !re1   ,if 
,i take ! w+s ( ! morn+   ,& dwell 9 !  
utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>?1   ,ev5 !re %all   

,?y h& lead me   ,& ,?y "r h& %all hold 
me4#be  ,inde$1 ! dev\t religioni/ almo/
 nev] ?9ks ( nature z su*4 ,%e is always
 ! bu% :i* flames & is n consum$4 ,!re=e
 he walks s(tly all 8 days1 consci\s t  
,god is ne>4    ,( old1 he says1 ,?\ ha/
 laid ! f\ndations ( ! e>?2   ,& !      
heav5s are ! "w ( ,?y h&s4   ,!y %all   
p]i%1 b ,?\ %alt endure2   ,yea1 all (  
!m %all wax old l a g>m5t2   ,z a ve/ure
 %alt ,?\ *ange !m1 & !y %all be *ang$2 
,b ,?\ art ! same1   ,& ,?y ye>s %all h 
no end4#bf  ,to him nature is ! glass   
?r\gh :i* he sees d>kly & (t5 ) a d>kl+ 
m9d1 ! all-p]vasive ,pres5ce2 x is !    
veil--! veil t cov]s ! face ( ,god4     
,footnote #bd3 ,l9es compos$ a few miles
 above ,t9t]n ,abbey1 /anza #c1 ll4     
#cf-de4  ,footnote #be3 ,psalm cxxxix4  
#g-i4  ,footnote #bf3 ,psalm cii4       
#be-bg4  ,"h1 !n1 we h ! contra/+       
attitude ( worldl+ & believ] t[>d       
nature1 ! outw>d univ]se4 ,n[ we come to
 ! contra/+ attitude ( humani/ & believ]
 t[>d man1 ! _w )94 ,= :y are we s sure1

 fir/1 ( ! *asm betwe5 ourselves &      
,nature &1 second1 t we c bridge t *asm 
by rea*+ out to some?+ beh9d & beyond h]
 :i* is m l u ?an h]8 ,:at gives u ! key
 to h] dualism8 ,:y d we ?9k t !re is   
,some?+ :i* p]petually beckons to u     
?r\gh h]1 makes awful signs ( an        
intimate & significant relation%ip8     
,because we feel a simil> *asm1 an equal
 cleft 9 our own he>ts1 a division 9 !  
moral nature ( mank9d4 ,we "k t gulf    
betwe5 u & ! outw>d _w because we "k !  
great] gulf betwe5 fle% & _s1 betwe5 !  
natural man & ! real man1 betwe5 ! ,i & 
! o!r ,i4  ,"h is :]e ! humani/ bids u  
good-by & we mu/ g =w>d on our road     
alone4 ,= he w n ackn[l$ge t !re is     
any?+ ess5tial or p]man5t 9 t divid$    
inn] _w2 he w\ld m9imize x or expla9 x  
away4 ,b we "k x is !re & ! reason we "k
 !re is ,some?+ )\t :i* c bridge ! out] 
*asm is because we also "k !re is       
,some?+-,else )9 :i* might bridge ?is   
"o4 ,= we :o are religi\s "k t )9 !     
dep?s & ! imm5sities ( ?is inn] _w1 :]e 

!re is no space b :]e !re is inf9ite    
l>g5ess1 :]e !re is no "t b :]e !re is  
p]petual /rife1 !re is ,some?+-,else z  
well z ! ,i & ! o!r ,i1 & x is t ,he :o 
is ! ,some?+-,else :o alone c close !   
gap 9 t divid$ k+dom & make u "o )      
ourselves1 h5ce ) ,himself & h5ce ) ,8  
_w4  ,y ask h[ we c say1 ,he's !re2 ,he 
kn[s4 ,we answ] t ?is o!r1 ?is ,he is a 
con/ant figure 9 ! exp]i5ce2 always 9 ! 
vision2 an integral "p ( ! p]ception4   
,:at is ,he l8 ,he is purity &          
compassion & inexorabl5ess4 ,some?+     
fix$1 immutable1 n to be trick$1 n to be
 evad$ & oh6 all-compreh5d+4 ,he sees1 8
 eyes run to & fro 9 all ! d>k & wide1 !
 light & high dom9ions ( ! s\l4 ,if we w
 n come to t]ms ) ,him1 t et]nal &      
*angeless life w be ! cliff aga9/ :i* ! 
tumultu\s waves ( ! divid$ _s %all %att]
 & dissipate into s\ndless foam2 if we w
 come to t]ms1 rel9qui%1 accept1        
surr5d]1 !n t purity & t compassion w be
 ! cleans+ tide1 ! heal+ & re/or+ flood 
9 :i* we s9k 9 ! ec/asy ( self-loss to  

arise refre%$1 radiant1 & made :ole4  ,s
 we reckon f )9 out4 ,! religi\s view ( 
! _w is bas$ ^u ! religi\s exp]i5ce ( ! 
s\l4 ,we h no o!r means ( gett+ at      
reality4 ,i "k t !re is ,some?+-m ?an me
 & ,some?+-m ?an ! nature outside ( me1 
because we "k t !re is ,some?+ :i* is n 
me & is n nature1 inside ( me4 ,s ! man 
( religion1 l any o!r poet1 arti/1 se]1 
looks 9 8 own he>t & writes4 ,:at he    
f9ds !re is real1 or else1 z f> z he is 
conc]n$1 !re is no reality4 ,he does n  
ass]t t ?is reality is ! f9al & utt]    
tru?4 ,b he kn[s x is 8 tru/wor?y       
m$iator ( t tru?4  ,"h1 !n1 is an imm5se
 sep>ation betwe5 religioni/ & bo?      
humani/ & naturali/2 a sep>ation s      
complete z to come full circle4 ,we are 
conv9c$ ( ! second>y value1 bo? (       
natural appe>ances & ( ! mortal1        
temporal consci\sness4 ,s we sub/itute =
 imp]t95t famili>ity ) ,nature1 a rev]5t
 reg>d = :at %e half reveals1 half      
hides4 ,we int]pret h] by ourselves4 ,we
 are ! same comp\nd ( id5tity &         

diff]5ce4 ,we ackn[l$ge our cont9uity ) 
! natural _w1 our intimate & tragic     
alliance ) ! du/1 b we also "k t we1 )9 
ourselves1 are ,some?+-,else z well4 ,& 
x is t ,some?+-,else 9 u :i* makes !    
significant "p ( u1 :i* sets our value &
 place 9 ! scale ( be+4  ,9 %ort1 !     
dualism ( nature is reveal$ 9 ! dualism 
( ! s\l4 ,!re is a gulf )91 & if only   
man c span ! inn] *asm1 he w "k h[ to   
bridge ! out]4 ,he mu/ beg9 by f9d+ ,god
 )9 himself1 or he w nev] f9d ,him      
any:]e4 ,n[1 x is out ( ?is s5se ( a    
sep>ation )9 himself1 f himself & f !   
,au?or ( himself1 t !re arises t awful  
s5se ( helplessness1 ( dep5d5ce1 (      
bewild]m5t1 :i* is ! second great elem5t
 9 ! religi\s life4 ,man is alone 9 !   
_w2 man is helpless 9 ! _w2 man ought n 
to be alone 9 ! _w2 man is !re=e "u     
scrut9y & condemnation2 he mu/ f9d      
reconciliation1 h>mony1 companion%ip1   
someh[1 some:]e4 ,h5ce ! religi\s man is
 n arrogant l ! pagan1 nor pr\d l !     
humani/2 he is humble4 ,x is ,burke1 ,i 

?9k1 :o says t ! :ole e?ical life ( man 
has its roots 9 ?is humility4#bg ,!     
religi\s man _c help b be humble4 ,he   
has an awful pride 9 8 k9%ip ) heav51 b1
 /&+ be=e ! ,"l ( heav51 he feels human 
nature's prop] place1 its confusion &   
division & helplessness2 its dep5d5ce ^u
 ! high] ,p[]4  ,footnote #bg3          
,correspond5ce1 ,,iii1 p4 #bac4  ,x is  
at ?is po9t t humanism & religion       
def9itely "p company4 ,! =m] does n feel
 ?is absolute & judg+ ,pres5ce1 h5ce _c 
und]/& ! spiritual solicitude ( ! latt]4
 ,/4 ,paul 0 n q at home on ,m>s ,hill2 
x 0 h>d to make ^? :o 7 always he>+ &   
see+ "s new ?+ und]/&2 ! %ame & humility
 ( ! cross 7 an unnecess>y fooli%ness to
 !m4 ,s !y h always be54 ,! humani/ _c  
take s]i\sly ?is s5se ( a transc5d5t    
reality4 ,:5 ,cic]o1 to escape !        
v5geance ( ,clodius1 )drew f ,rome1 he  
pass$ ov] into ,greece & dwelt = a :ile 
9 ,!ssalonica4 ,"o day he saw ,m\nt     
,olympus1 ! l(ty & et]nal home ( !      
deities ( anci5t ,greece4 ,b ,i1 said ! 

bl& eclectic philosoph]1 saw no?+ b sn[ 
& ice4  ,h[ inadequate1 !n1 z a         
sub/itute = religion1 is ev5 ! noble/   
humanism4 ,true & f9e z f> z x goes1 x  
does n g f> en\gh = u4 ,x takes too     
little acc\nt ( ! divid$ life4 ,x appe>s
 n to und]/& x4 ,on ! :ole x refuses to 
ackn[l$ge t x really exi/s1 or1 if x    
does1 x is conv9c$ ( man's unaid$       
ability to efface x4 ,x isn't some?+    
inevitable4 ,h5ce ! pride :i* is an     
ess5tial quality ( ! humani/ic attitude4
  ,b ! religi\s man kn[s t x does exi/ &
 t :ile he is n :olly responsible = x1  
yet he is ess5tially s & t1 alas1 9     
spite ( t fact1 he alone _c bridge x4 ,s
 he cries1 ,wret*$ man t ,i am1 :at %all
 ,i d to be sav$8 ,"h is ! feel+ (      
uneas9ess1 ! s5se ( some?+ be+ wrong    
ab\t u z we naturally /&1 ( :i* ,james  
speaks4 ,9 t s5se ( responsibility is ! 
confession ( s9 & 9 ! confession ( s9 is
 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! impot5ce ( ! s9n]4   
,! mov+ f+] writes1 & hav+ writ1 moves  
on   ,nor all y\r wit nor all y\r te>s1 

c wa% a l9e ( x4  ,man _c1 unaid$1 make 
8 connection ) ?is high] p[]4 ,! _w is  
at fault1 yes1 b we are at fault1 some?+
 bo? )9 & )\t dreadfully ne$s expla9+4  
,s man is subdu$ & tr\bl$ by ! inf9ite  
my/]y2 & he _c accept ! place 9 :i* he  
f9ds himself 9 t my/]y2 he is a%am$ ( x4
  ,vivid1 !n1 is 8 s5se ( helplessness6 
,x makes him res5t ! humani/1 :o bids   
him1 unaid$1 solve 8 fate & be a man4 ,t
 is giv+ him /ones :5 he asks = bread4  
,he kn[s t advice makes an inhuman dem& 
^u ! w2 x assumes a reasonabl5ess1 an   
insight & a moral p[]1 :i* = him d n    
exi/2 x ignores or x d5ies ! reality & !
 mean+ ( ?is inn] gulf4 ,x is important 
to note t ev5 z philosophy & art &      
lit]ature soon p>t$ company ) !         
naturali/1 s1 to a l>ge degree1 !y "p   
company ) ! humani/1 too4 ,!y d n "k v  
mu* ( an h>moni\s & triumphant univ]se4 
,few ( ! _w's creative spirits h ev]    
d5i$ t inn] *asm or m9imiz$ its tragic  
consequ5ces to mank9d4 ,isaiah & ,paul &
 ,john & ,augu/9e & ,lu!r are wrung ) ! 

consci\sness ( x4 ,inde$1 ! anti!sis    
betwe5 fle% & _s is too famili> 9       
religi\s lit]ature to ne$ any rec\nt+4  
,x is m vividly br\ght home to u f !    
nonpr(essional1 ! dis9t]e/$ & involunt>y
 te/imony ( secul> writ+4 ,0 !re ev] su*
 a cry ( revolt on ! "p ( ! trapp$ _s   
aga9/ ! net & sl\gh ( natural values &  
natural desires z runs ?r\gh ! sonnets (
 ,william ,%akespe>e8 ,we rememb] !     
#ajd?3    ,poor s\l1 ! c5tre ( my s9ful 
e>?1   ,foil$ by ^! rebel p[]s t !e     
array1   ,:y do/ ?\ p9e )91 & suff]     
de>?1   ,pa9t+ ?9e outw>d walls s co/ly 
gay8   ,:y s l>ge co/1 hav+ s %ort a    
lease1   ,do/ ?\ ^u ?y fad+ mansion     
sp5d8   ,%all worms1 inh]itors ( ?is    
excess1   ,eat up ?y *>ge8 ,is ?is ?y   
body's end8   ,!n s\l1 live ?\ ^u ?y    
s]vant's loss   ,& let t p9e to         
aggravate ?y /ore1   ,buy t]ms div9e 9  
sell+ h\rs ( dross   ,)9 be f$1 )\t be  
ri* no m--  ,or turn to our contempor>y 
poet1 ,james ,/eph5s3    ,good & bad are
 9 my he>t   ,b ,i _c tell to y   ,= !y 

nev] are ap>t   ,:i* is ! bett] ( ! two4
    ,i am ?is3 ,i am ! o!r   ,& ! devil 
is my bro!r   ,& my fa!r he is ,god   ,&
 my "m is ! sod1   ,!re=e ,i am safe1 y 
see   ,ow+ to my p$igree4    ,s ,i *]i% 
love & hate   ,l tw9 bro!rs 9 a ne/     
,le/ ,i f9d :5 x's too late   ,t ! o!r 0
 ! be/4#bh  ,"h1 !n1 we f9d ! next ?+   
:i* gr[s out ( man's s5se ( sep>ation   
bo? f nature & f 8 own be/ self4 ,x is 8
 moral judgm5t on himself z well z on ! 
_w outside1 & t p[] to judge %[s t he is
 great] ?an ei!r4 ,z ,dr4 ,gordon says1 
,e hone/ man lives "u ! %ad[ ( 8 own    
rebuke4 ,we c g f> ) ! humani/ 9        
ackn[l$g+ ! failures t are due to       
environm5t1 to incomplet5ess1 to        
ignorance2 we d n =get ! helpless       
multitude :o sit 9 d>kness & 9 ! %ad[ ( 
dea?2 & we agree ) ! sci5ti/ t _!       
helplessness =$ooms !m & t _! fate _c be
 laid to _! *>ge4 ,b we g f> beyond :]e 
sci5ti/ & humani/ /op4 ,= we "k t !     
deepe/ cause ( human mis]y is n         
inh]itance1 is n environm5t1 is n       

ignorance1 is n incomplet5ess2 x is !   
in=m$ b ! p]v]se human w4 ,j z          
unhapp9ess is ! consci\sness ( ! divid$ 
m9d1 s guilt is ?is s5se ( ! delib]ately
 divid$ w4 ,jona?an ,swift knew t2 on e 
ye>ly recurr5ce ( ! h\r 9 :i* he came   
into ! _w1 he cri$ lam5tably1 ,let ! day
 p]i% :]e9 ,i 0 born4  ,footnote #bh3   
,songs f ! ,clay1 p4 #dj4  ,! ,"l ,jesus
 knew x1 too4 ,8 tea*+1 unlike t (      
,paul1 does n ?r[ into ! =egr\nd !      
divid$ w & its accompany+ s5se ( s9 &   
guilt4 ,b he does n ignore x4 ,he br\ght
 x out ) inf9ite t5d]ness b inexorable  
cle>ness 9 ! p>ables ( ! lo/ %eep1 ! lo/
 co9 & ! lo/ boy4 ,! %eep 7 b "y &      
silly1 !y did n wi% to be lo/ on !      
m\nta9-side2 !y knew no bett]2          
inexp]i5ce1 ignorance 7 !irs1 & = _! sad
 e/ate !y 7 n held responsible4 ,= !m ! 
compassionate %eph]d s\ght until he f\nd
 !m 9 ! wilds1 took !m1 involunt>y      
burd5s1 on 8 he>t1 br\ght !m back to    
safety & ! fold4 ,! co9 _h no native    
aff9ity ) ! dirt & grime ( ! c>eless    

woman's h\se4 ,x 0 only a co91 atta*$ to
 anklet or bracelet1 hav+ no p[]1 no    
indep5d5ce ( its own2 :]e x fell1 !re   
mu/ x lie4 ,s ) ! lives set by fate 9 ! 
refuse & grime ( our indu/rial          
civilization1 ! pure m9t$ gold          
effectually conceal$ by ! obscurity &   
fil? ar\nd4 ,= su* lives1 victims (     
environm5t1 ! ,fa!r w se>*1 too1 until  
!y are f\nd1 tak5 up1 & some:]e1 9 ?is  
_w or ano!r1 re/or$ to _! native wor?4  
,b ! *ief ( ! p>ables1 & ! "o t has     
captur$ ! imag9ation & subdu$ ! he>t (  
mank9d1 because x s true to ! great] "p 
( life1 is ! /ory ( ! lo/ boy4 ,= he 0 !
 real s9n] & he 0 su* because1 kn[+ :at 
he 0 ab\t & able to *oose1 he desir$ to 
d wrong4 ,x 0 n ignorance1 nor          
environm5t1 nor inh]itance1 t l$ him    
into ! f> c\ntry4 ,x 0 its ali5 delights
 & _! ali5 nature1 = :i* z su* he crav$4
 ,h[ subtle & c]ta9 is ! ^w ( ,jesus "h4
 ,no %eph]d seeks ?is w&]+ %eep2 no     
h\sehold] se>*es = ?is lo/ co94 ,! boy  
:o will$ to d wrong mu/ /ay ) ! sw9e    

among ! husks until he wills to d "r4   
,!n1 :5 he desires to return1 return is 
made possible & easy1 b ! responsibility
 is =ev] 84 ,! s\rce ( 8 mis]y is 8 own 
w4  ,s ! disposition ( mank9d is at !   
bottom ( ! suff]+ & ! division4 ,!re is 
rebellion & p]v]s5ess m+l$ ) !          
helplessness & ignorance & sorr[4 ,no   
man ev] und]/&s or c speak to ! religi\s
 life unless he has ! consci\sness ( ?is
 inn] moral cleft4 ,no man w ev] be able
 to prea* ) p[] ab\t ,god unless he does
 x *iefly 9 t]ms ( ,god's diff]5ce f man
 & man's p]il\s e/ate & desp]ate ne$ (  
,him4 ,inde$1 ,god is n l u1 n l ?is    
inn] life ( ours2 ?is is :at we want to 
he>4 ,god is diff]5t2 t is :y we want to
 be able to love ,him4 ,& be+ ?us       
diff]5t1 we are sep>at$ f ,him1 bo? by !
 inn] *asm ( ! divid$ s\l & ! out] *asm 
( remote & ho/ile nature4 ,!n comes !   
f9al "q3 ,h[ are we1 be+ helpless1 to   
rea* ,him8 ,h[ are we1 be+ guilty1 to   
f9d ,him8  ,:5 m5 deal ) ^! qu]ies1 )   
?is range ( exp]i5ce1 ?is set ( inw>d   

p]ceptions1 !n !y are prea*+ religi\sly4
 ,& !n1 ,i v5ture to say1 !y d n fail   
ei!r ( he>]s or ( foll[]s4 ,!n !re is   
:at ,ca!r9e ,boo? us$ to call lib]ty (  
spee*2 !n !re is p[] because !n we talk 
( realities4 ,= :at is x t looks out f !
 eyes ( religi\s humanity8 ,rebellion1  
pride8 no6 ,humility1 lonel9ess1 some?+ 
( a j & des]v$ fe>2 b mo/ ( all1 desire1
 insatiable1 unwav]+1 an int5se desire4 
,?is passion ( ! race1 its nev] satisfi$
 hung]1 its incr$ible int5sity &        
p]si/5cy ( /riv+ & long+1 is at once !  
trag$y & glory1 ! witness to !          
helplessness1 ! revelation ( ! capacity 
( ! race4 ,! ma9spr+ ( human activity1 !
 creative impulse f :i* 9 devi\s ways   
all ! ?\s&-hu$ motives ( our lives      
arise1 is reveal$ 9 ! anci5t cry1 ,my   
s\l ?ir/e? = ,god1 = ! liv+ ,god6 ,t    
unqu5*$ ?ir/ = ,him und]lies all human  
life1 z ! solemn /illness ( ! ocean     
und]lies ! re/less upp] waves4 ,!       
dynamic ( ! _w is ! s5se ( ! div9e      
reality4 ,! woe ( ! _w is man's         

inability to discov] & appropriate t    
reality4 ,:o t has ent]$ truly into life
 does n p]ceive b5ea? all ! glitt] ( its
 brilliance1 ! ro> ( its en]gy &        
a*ievem5t1 ! note ( melan*oly8 ,! great 
und]tone ( life is solemn 9 its pa!tic  
uni=mity4 ,! poets & prophets ( ! _w h  
seiz$ un]r+ly ^u t melan*oly und]tone4  
,:o ev] bett] und]/ood ! futility &     
helplessness ( unaid$ man1 ! c]ta9 doom 
t tracks d[n 8 pride ( insol5ce1 or 8   
s91 ?an ! ,greek trag$ians8 ,sophocles1 
divid$ _s t he 01 he>d t note (         
melan*oly long ago by ! gean1 wrote x   
into 8 somb] dramas1 ) _! turbid ebb &  
fl[ ( human mis]y4 ,sometimes ! voices (
 our humanity z !y rise bl5d & compose  
into "o great cry t is lift$1 %iv]+ &   
t+l+1 to ! />s1 ,oh1 t ,i knew :]e ,i   
might f9d ,him6 ,sometimes & m (t5 !y   
s9k into a subdu$ & m9or pla9t1         
inf9itely t\*+ 9 its human solicitude1  
p]plexity & pa94 ,aga91 ,james ,/eph5s  
has phras$ x = u 9 8 v]se ,! ,nodd+     
,/>s4#bi  ,footnote #bi3 ,songs f !     

,clay1 p4 #fh4    ,bro!rs1 :at is x ye  
mean1   ,:at is x ye try to say   ,t s  
e>ne/ly ye lean   ,f ! _s to ! clay4    
,!re are we>y gulfs betwe5   ,"h & sunny
 ,p>adise1   ,bro!rs6 ,:at is x ye mean 
,t ye se>* ) burn+ eyes1    ,d[n = me ^:
 fire is clogg$1   ,clamp$ 9 sull51 e>?y
 m\ld1   ,batt5$ d[n & fogg$ & bogg$1   
,:]e ! clay is sev5-fold4  ,n[ we und]/&
 ! tragic aspect ( nature & ( ! human   
s\l caught 9 ?is cosmic dualism )\t :i* 
corresponds to ! e?ical dualism )94 ,?is
 p]ception ( ! ,"o beh9d ! _m 9 nature1 
( ! ?+-9-itself1 z di/+ui%$ f ! _m      
expressions ( t ?+1 is ! *ief !me =     
prea*+4 ,?is is :at br+s m5 to !mselves4
 ,h]e91 z ,dr4 ,newman ,smy? has po9t$  
out1 appe>s ! unique m>vel ( p]sonality4
 ,x becomes consci\s ( itself z         
individual & x individualizes ! _w2 x is
 ! "o discov]+ itself among ! _m4 ,9 !  
mid/ ( uni=mities ( nature1 mov+ at w on
 ! plane ( natural necessities1 weav+ ! 
patt]n ( its ideas ?r\gh ! w>p ( natural
 laws1 runs ! p]sonal life4 ,on ! same  

plane & amid ^! uni=mities1 yet itself a
 sph]e ( be+ ( ano!r ord]2 9 x1 yet     
dis5tangl$ f x1 & hav+ its c5t] 9       
itself1 x lives & moves & has its be+1  
break+ no ?read ( nature's weav+1       
subject to its own law1 & manife/+ a    
dynamic ( its own4#cj  ,footnote #cj3 ,!
 ,mean+ ( ! ,p]sonal ,life1 p4 #agc4  ,!
 s\rce1 !n1 z we see x1 ( all human     
hopes & human dignity1 ! urge t lies    
beh9d all metaphysics & mu* ( lit]ature 
& art1 ! ?+ t makes m5 eag] to live1 yet
 nobly curi\s to die1 is ?is conviction 
t ,"o l unto ourselves b f :om we h made
 ourselves unlike1 ak9 to our real1 if  
buri$1 p]son1 walke? ) u 9 ! fi]y       
furnace ( our life4 ,!re is a ,_s 9 man 
& ! brea? ( ! ,almighty give? him       
und]/&+4 ,/>t+ f ?is int]pretation1 we c
 beg9 to ord] ! baffl+ & teas+ aspects1 
! illusive nature ( ! _w4 ,:y ?is ev]   
fail+1 b nev] end+ /ruggle aga9/ unse5  
odds to grasp & und]/& & live ) !       
,div9e8 ,:y1 betwe5 ! two1 ! absolute & 
! *angeless _s1 unse5 b felt1 & !       

hesitant & timid _s ( a man1 w\ld !re   
seem to be a great gulf fix$8 ,because  
we are wrong4 ,because man f9ds ! gulf  
)9 himself4 ,he *afes at ! limitations (
 "t & space8 ,yes2 b he *afes m at !    
my/]y & weakness1 ! m+l$ deceitfulness &
 cunn+ & spl5dor ( ! human he>t4        
,because !re is no "o ( u :o c say1 ,i h
 made my life pure1 ,i am free f my s94 
,he kn[s t ! gulf is !re betwe5 !       
fallible & human1 & ! m ?an human2 he   
does n "k h[ to cross x2 he says1    ,i 
w\ld ?9k until ,i f\nd   ,some?+ ,i c   
nev] f9d   ,some?+ ly+ on ! gr\nd   ,9 !
 bottom ( my m9d4  ,"h1 !n1 c we n      
und]/& t m+l+ ( my/ic dignity & pr(\nd  
humility1 ( awe-/ruck pride & utt]      
self-abnegation1 :]e) ! man ( religion  
reg>ds 8 race & himself8 ,he is ! *ild (
 ! ,et]nal2 he1 be+ man1 alone kn[s t   
,god is4 ,:5 ,i consid] ! heav5s1 ! "w (
 ,?y f+]s1 ! moon & ! />s :i* ,?\ ha/   
orda9$1 :at is man t ,?\ art m9dful (   
him1 or ! son ( man t ,?\ visite/ him8  
,"h is ! humility3 ,:y s hot1 little    

man6 ,!n comes ! awe-/ruck pride3 ,yet  
,?\ ha/ made him a little l[] ?an !     
angels & cr[n$ him ) glory & honor4     
,alone ) ! gods1 alone6 ,god is ! high &
 l(ty "o :i* inhabite? et]nity1 b ,he is
 also nigh unto !m :o are ( a brok5 & a 
contrite he>t4  ,"h we are come to ! v  
he>t ( religion4 ,man's pr\d sep>at5ess 
9 ! univ]se2 yet man's moral defection &
 8 responsibility = x :i* makes him "k t
 sep>at5ess2 man's %ame & helplessness  
"u x4 ,ov] aga9/ ! d5ial or evasion (   
moral values by ! naturali/ & ! dullness
 to ! s5se ( moral helplessness by !    
humani/1 !re /&s ! s5se ( moral         
diff]5ce1 ! s5se ( s91 ( p5it5ce &      
confession4 ,no prea*+ n f\nd$ on ^! ?+s
 c ev] be call$ religi\s or c ev] /ir ^?
 ranges ( ! human life = :i* alone      
prea*+ is suppos$ to exi/4  ,:at is !   
religi\s law1 !n8 ,x is ! law (         
humility4 ,& :at is ! religi\s          
consci\sness8 ,! s5se ( man's diff]5ce f
 nature & f ,god4 ,! s5se ( 8 diff]5ce f
 himself )9 himself & ! long+ = an inn] 

h>mony :i* %all unite him ) himself & ) 
! beauty & ! _s )\t4 ,s :at is !        
religi\s passion8 ,is x to exalt human  
nature8 ,x w\ld be m true to say x is to
 lose x4 ,:at is ! end = u8 ,n          
id5tification ) nature & ! natural self1
 b pursuit ( ! o!r ?an nature1 ! m ?an  
natural self4 ,our humility is n l t (  
,uriah ,heep1 a mean op9ion ( ourselves 
9 comp>ison ) o!r m54 ,x is ! pr(\nd    
consci\sness ( ! weakness & ! no?+ness (
 our k9d1 & ( ! poor ends human nature  
sets its he>t ^u1 9 comp>ison ) t ,o!r  
,"o above & beyond & )\t u1 to :om we   
are k91 f :om we are diff]5t1 to :om we 
aspire1 to rea* :om we "k n h[4  ,?is1  
!n1 is :at we mean :5 we turn back f !  
language ( exp]i5ce to ! vocabul>y (    
philosophy & !ology & talk ab\t !       
absolute values ( religion4 ,we mean by 
absolute values t beh9d ! multif>i\s &  
ev] *ang+ nature1 is a s+le & a /eadfa/ 
cause--a great rock 9 a we>y l&4 ,we h  
lo/ ! old absolute philosophies &       
dogmatic !ologies & t is good & "r1 = !y

 7 outworn4 ,b we are nev] go+ to lose !
 c5tral exp]i5ce t produc$ !m1 & our    
task is to f9d a new philosophy to      
express ^! inn] ?+s = :i* ! words       
sup]natural1 absolute1 are no long]     
intelligible4 ,= we /ill "k t beh9d     
man's p>tial & relative k1 feel+1 will+1
 is an utt] k1 a p]fect feel+1 a s]5e & 
unsw]v+ w2 t b5ea? man's moral an>*y !re
 is moral sov]eignty2 t beh9d 8         
helplessness !re is abundant p[] to     
save4 ,p]haps ?is ,o!r is always *ang+1 
b1 if s1 x is a ,on5ess :i* is *ang+4 ,9
 %ort1 ! ?+ t is *>act]i/ic ( religion  
is t x dwells1 n on man's lik5esses1 b  
on 8 awful diff]5ces f nature & f ,god2 
sees him n z little c\nt]p>ts ( deity1 b
 z brok5 fragm5ts only to be made :ole  
)9 ! p]fect life4 ,x sees relativity z !
 law ( our be+1 yes1 b relativity1 n ( !
 sort t excludes1 b is includ$ 91 a     
high] absolute1 ev5 z ! planet sw+s 9   
inf9ite space4  ,! tr\ble ) mu* prea*+  
is t x lacks ! ess5tially religi\s      
insight2 9 dwell+ on man's id5tities x  

confuses or drugs1 n cl>ifies & purges1 
! _s4 ,?us1 x obscures ! gulf4          
,sometimes x evades x1 or bridges x by  
m9imiz+ x1 & g5u9ely religi\s p1 & ^? :o
 want to be religi\s1 & ^? :o might be1 
"k t su* prea*+ is n real & t x does n  
move !m &1 wor/ ( all1 ! hungry %eep    
look up & are n f$4 ,= 9 su* prea*+ !re 
is no call to humility1 no plea = grace1
 no s5se t ! a*ievem5t ( self-unity is z
 mu* a rescue z x is a re=mation4 ,b ?is
 s5se ( ! ne$ ( salvation is integral to
 religion2 ?is is :]e x has p>t$ company
 ) humanism4 ,humanism makes no organic 
relations betwe5 man & ! ,et]nal4 ,x is 
z ?\gh x ?\ght ^! w\ld take c>e (       
!mselves6 ,9 ! place ( grace x puts     
pride2 pride ( ca/e1 ( family1 ( "*1 (  
intellect4 ,b high self-discipl9e &     
pride 9 ! human _s are n ! deepe/ or !  
highe/ notes man /rikes4 ,! cry1 n (    
pride 9 self1 b = fell[%ip ) ! ,inf9ite1
 is ! sup]lative expression ( man4      
,augu/9e s\nd$ ! highe/ note ( feel+ :5 
he wrote1 ,o ,god1 ,?\ ha/ made u =     

,?yself1 & our he>ts are re/less until  
!y re/ 9 ,!e4 ,! words ( ! ,"l ,jesus   
gave ! cle>e/ insight ( ! human m9d :5  
,he said1 ,& :5 he came to himself1 he  
said1 ,i w arise & g to my ,fa!r4       
,,*apt] ,,five  ,,grace1 ,,k1 ,,virtue  
,i hope ! conclud+ p>agraphs ( ! la/    
*apt] br\ght u back into ! atmosph]e (  
religion1 into t sort ( mood 9 :i* !    
reality ( ! /ruggle = "*1 ! crav+ ( !   
human _s to give & to receive           
compassion1 ! cry ( ! lonely s\l = !    
love ( ,god1 7 made manife/4 ,^! are !  
real goods ( life to religi\s natures2  
!y ne$ ?is meat :i* ! _w kn[e? n (2 !re 
is a cont9u+ resolve 9 !m to say1       
,good-by1 pr\d _w1 ,i'm go+ home6 ,!    
g5u9ely religi\s man mu/1 & %\ld inde$1 
live 9 ?is _w1 b he _c live ( x4  ,m]ely
 to create su* an atmosph]e !n1 to      
induce ?is sort ( mood1 to %ift = m5 _! 
p]spectives1 until ^! ne$s & values rise
 once m compell+ be=e _! eyes1 is a *ief
 end ( prea*+4 ,its object is n s mu*   
moraliz+ or in/ruct+ z x is int]pret+ & 

reveal+2 n ! plott+ out ( ! l&scape at  
our feet1 b ! lift+ ( our eyes to !     
hills1 to ! fix$ />s4 ,!n we really d   
see ?+s t are l>ge z l>ge & ?+s t are   
small z small4 ,we ne$ t vision today f 
religi\s lead]s m ?an we ne$ any o!r "o 
?+4  ,= humanism & naturalism betwe5 !m 
h br\ght u to an almo/ complete         
secul>ization ( prea*+1 9 :i* its       
*>act]i/ic elem5ts1 its di/9ctive       
contribution1 h l>gely fad$ f lib]al    
speak+ & f ! consci\sness ( its he>]s4  
,we h emphasiz$ man's k9%ip ) nature    
until n[ we c see him aga9 decl9+ to !  
brute2 we h proclaim$ ! div9e ,imman5ce 
until we ?9k to compass ! ,et]nal )9 a  
facile & f9ite compreh5sion4 ,by ?us    
dwell+ on ! physical & rational elem5ts 
( human exp]i5ce1 religion has come to  
conc]n itself to an extraord9>y degree )
 ! local & temporal rea*es ( fai?4 ,we h
 lo/ ! s5se ( communion ) ,absolute ,be+
 & ( ! obligation to /&>ds high] ?an ^? 
( ! _w1 :i* t communion br+s4 ,out ( ?is
 id5tification ( man ) nature has come !

 prea*+ :i* ignores ! fact ( s92 :i*    
r$uces free w & ! moral responsibility (
 ! individual to ! vani%+ po9t2 :i*     
/resses ! control ( ! =ces ( inh]itance 
& environm5t to ! edge ( fatali/ic      
det]m9ism2 :i* leads man to reg>d       
himself z un=tunate r ?an repreh5sible  
:5 moral disa/] ov]takes him2 :i*       
induces t condon+ ( ! moral rebel :i* is
 born n ( love = ! s9n] b ( indiff]5ce  
to 8 s92 :i* issues 9 t la/ deg5]ation (
 self-pity 9 :i* individuals & societies
 alike indulge2 & 9 t repell5t          
s5tim5tality ov] vice & crime :i*       
befl[]s ! murd]] :ile x =gets its       
victim1 :i* turns to ouija bo>ds &      
levitat$ tables to obscure ! solemn     
f9ality ( dea? & to gloze ov] ! guilty  
secrets ( ! battlefield4  ,?us x has    
come ab\t t we prea* ( ,god 9 t]ms ( !  
draw+-room1 z ?\gh he 7 "s va/ ,/4      
,ni*olas1 sitt+ up !re 9 ! sky or       
amiably in=m+ our pres5t _w1 reg>d+ )   
easy b5evol5ce ,8 m9ute & multif>i\s    
creations1 w9k+ at our pride1 our       

cruelty1 our self-love1 our lu/1 n      
greatly c>+ if we break ,8 laws1 toss+  
out ,8 indiscrim9ate gifts1 & vaguely   
tru/+ 9 our automatic arrival at virtue4
 ,ev5 z 9 philosophy1 x is psy*ologi/s1 
exp]ts 9 empirical sci5ce & me?ods1 &   
sociologi/s1 exp]ts 9 practical e?ics1  
:o may be f\nd1 :ile ! hi/orian & !     
metaphysician are increas+ly r>e1 s 9   
prea*+ we are amiable & pi\s & e?ical & 
practical & in=mative1 b ! vision & !   
absolutism ( religion are a dep>t+      
glory4  ,:at complicates ! dang] &      
difficulty ( su* a position1 ) its      
confusion ( natural & human values1 &   
its rationaliz+ & secul>iz+ ( !i/ic     
?9k+1 is t x has its measure ( reality4 
,all ^! obs]vations ( naturali/ &       
humani/ are half tru?s1 & = t v reason m
 p]il\s ?an utt] falsehoods4 ,= ! m9d   
t5ds to re/ cont5t$ )9 _! areas1 & s !  
p>tial becomes ! wor/ enemy ( ! :ole4   
,:at we h be5 do+ is /ress+ !           
indubitable id5tity betwe5 man & nature 
& betwe5 ! ,creator & ,8 creatures to ! 

po9t ( unreality1 =gett+ ! equally      
important fact ( ! diff]5ce1 ! di/9ction
 betwe5 ! two4 ,b s\nd k & normal feel+ 
re/ ^u obs]v+ & reckon+ ) bo? aspects ( 
?is law ( k9%ip & contra/4 ,all human   
exp]i5ce becomes kn[n to u ?r\gh !      
int]play ( :at appe> to be contradictory
 ne$s & oppos+ tru?s )9 our be+4 ,?us1  
man is a social animal & c only f9d     
himself 9 a s]ies ( relation%ips z      
produc]1 lov]1 husb&1 fa!r & fri5d4 ,he 
is a "p ( & l unto 8 k9d1 8 _s imman5t 9
 8 race4 ,b man is also a solit>y       
creature1 & 9 t v solit>9ess1 :i* he    
kn[s z he contra/s x ) 8 social int]e/s1
 he f9ds id5tity ( self1 ! some?+ :i*   
makes u u1 :i* sep>ates u f all o!rs 9 !
 _w4 ,a ,crusoe1 m>oon$ on a ,s\? ,sea  
isl&1 )\t ev5 a black man ,friday =     
companion%ip1 w\ld soon cease to be a   
man2 p]sonality w\ld =sake him4 ,b !    
same ,crusoe is equally 9 ne$ (         
solitude4 ,! hell ( ! b>racks1 no matt] 
h[ well conduct$1 is _! hide\s lack (   
privacy2 m5 condemn$ by %ipwreck or     

imprisonm5t to an unbrok5 & intimate    
companion%ip kill _! comrade or         
!mselves4 ,we are all alike & h5ce      
greg>i\s2 we are all diff]5t & h5ce flee
 z a bird to ! m\nta94 ,! reality (     
human p]sonality lies 9 nei!r "o aspect 
( ! tru? nor ! o!r1 b 9 bo?4 ,! tru? is 
f\nd z we hold ! balance betwe5 id5tity 
& diff]5ce4 ,h5ce we are n able to ?9k (
 p]sonality 9 ! ,godhead unless we      
conceive ( ,god z be+1 )9 ,himself1 a   
social no less ?an a solit>y ,be+4      
,aga91 ?is law t ! tru? is f\nd 9 !     
balance ( ! ant9omies appe>s 9 man's    
equal passion = cont9uity & p]man5cy & =
 v>iety & *ange4 ,! book ( ,revelation  
tells u t ! r$eem$1 be=e ! great :ite   
?rone1 /&+ ^u ! sea ( glass1 s+ ! song (
 ,moses & ! ,lamb4 ,:at has ! "o to d ) 
! o!r8 ,"h is ! savage1 triumphant *ant 
( ! f> dawn ( ,israel's hi/ory1 jo9$ ) !
 fur!/ & late/ possible ev5ts & words4  
,well1 x at lea/ sugge/s ! cont9uity ( !
 ageless /ruggle ( mank9d1 %[+ t ! pa/  
has its place 9 ! pres5t1 reliev+ man's 

horror ( ! imp]man5ce1 ! disjo9t$ "* (  
exi/5ce4 ,he wants some?+ ord]ly &      
/atic4 ,b1 l ! jet ( wat] 9 ! f\nta91 8 
life is =ev] collaps+ & collaps+1 fall+ 
9 ^u itself1 its app>5t p]man5ce no?+ b 
a rapid & glitt]+ succession (          
imp]man5ces4 ,! dread ( gr[+ old is     
*iefly t1 z ye>s come on1 life *anges m 
& fa/]1 becomes a cont9ual process (    
readju/m5t4 ,!re=e we want some?+ fix$2 
l ! sailor ) 8 compass1 we mu/ h "s     
ne$le1 ev5 if a tremul\s "o1 always     
po9t+ t[>d a *angeless />4 ,yet ?is is b
 "o half ( ! picture4 ,does man desire  
cont9uity8--q z mu* does he wi% =       
v>iety1 cessation ( old ways1 *ange &   
fre% beg9n+s4 ,! mo/ t]rible figure :i* 
! subtle imag9ation ( ! ,middle ,ages   
conjur$ up 0 t ( ! ,w&]+ ,jew1 ! man :o 
c\ld n die6 ,"h1 !n1 we arrive at k1 !  
g5u9e values ( exp]i5ce1 by ?is same    
balanc+ ( opposites4 ,cont9uity alone   
kills2 p]petual *ange /rips life (      
significance2 man mu/ h bo?4  ,n[1 x is 
9 ! religi\s field t ?is int]e/s u mo/4 

,we h se5 t :at we h be5 do+ !re ( late 
has be5 to ignore ! fact t reality is   
f\nd only ?r\gh ?is balanc+ ( ! law (   
diff]5ce & id5tity1 contra/ & lik5ess4  
,we h be5 absorb$ 9 "o half ( reality1  
id5tify+ man ) nature1 prat+ ( 8        
self-suffici5cy1 see+ div9ity almo/     
exclusively z imman5t 9 ! ph5om5al _w4  
,?us we h n m]ely be5 deal+ ) only "o   
half ( ! tru?1 b t1 to use a solecism1 !
 less] half4  ,= d\btless m5 d desire 9 
religion a recognition ( ! real values (
 _! physical nature4 ,& !y want rules ( 
conduct1 a guide = practical affairs1 a 
scale ( values = ?is _w4 ,?is satisfies 
! crav+ = temporal adju/m5t1 ! s5se ( ! 
goodness & wor? ( :at our in/9ct        
transmits to u4 ,b x does no?+ to meet t
 pr(\nd dissatisfaction ) ?is _w & t    
s5se ( ! encumbrances ( ! fle% :i* is   
also a "p ( reality &1 to ! religi\s    
man1 p]haps ! great] "p4 ,he wants to   
turn away f all ^! pres5t ?+s & be kept 
secretly 9 a pavilion f ! /rife (       
tongues4 ,"h he has no cont9u+ city4    

,always :ile we dwell "h we h a dim &   
re/less s5se t we are 9 an unreal c\ntry
 & we "k1 9 our /ill mom5ts1 t we %all  
only come to ourselves :5 we return to !
 h\se ( our ,fa!r4 ,h5ce m5 h nev] be5  
satisfi$ ) religi\s lead]s :o *iefly    
int]pret$ ?is _w to !m4  ,& inde$1 s9ce 
,july1 #aiad1 & d[n to & includ+ ?is v  
h\r1 ?is idealiz+ ( "t1 :i* we _h almo/ 
accept$ z our (fice1 has _h a gha/ly    
exposure4 ,because !re has come ^u u all
 "o ( ^! irrevocable & irrem$iable      
disa/]s1 = :i* "t has no ^w ( hope1 to  
:i* ,nature is totally indiff]5t1 = :i* 
! ,god ( ! outgo+s & incom+s ( ! morn+  
is too small4 ,= millions ( liv+ &      
suff]+ m5 & wom5 all temporal & mortal  
values h be5 wip$ out4 ,!y h be5 caught 
9 a cata/rophe s ru?less & dreadful t x 
has /rew$ _! bodies 9 heaps ov] ! fields
 & valleys ( _m nations4 ,today c5tral &
 s\? & nor!a/]n ,europe & we/]n ,asia   
are fill$ ) idle & hungry & desp]ate m5 
& wom54 ,!y h be5 depriv$ ( peace1 (    
security1 ( bread1 ( enlight5m5t alike4 

,some?+ m ?an temporal salvation & human
 words ( hope are ne$$ "h4 ,some?+ m ?an
 e?ical re=m & social readju/m5t &      
economic alleviation1 admirable ?\gh ^! 
are6 ,some?+ !re mu/ be 9 human nature t
 eclipses human nature1 if x is to      
endure s mu*6 ,:at has ! ,god ( ?is _w  
to give = y\?1 depriv$ ( _! physical    
immortality & all _! sweet & inali5able 
human rights1 :o are ly+ n[ b5ea? ! acre
 ^u acre ( tott]+ wood5 crosses 9 _!    
soldi]'s graves8 ,is !re any?+ 9 ?is _w 
suffici5t n[ = ! wid[1 ! orphan1 !      
cripple1 ! />v+1 ! disillusion$ & !     
desp]ate8 ,:at ,europe wants to "k is :y
 & = :at purpose ?is holocau/--is !re   
any?+ beyond1 0 !re any?+ be=e x8 ,a    
civilization d$icat$ to spe$ & p[] &    
utility & m]e intellig5ce _c answ] ^!   
que/ions4 ,nei!r c a religion resolv$   
into naught b ! e?ics ( ,jesus answ] !m4
 ,if 9 ?is _w only1 cries today ! voice 
( our humanity1 we h hope1 !n we are (  
all m5 ! mo/ mis]able6 ,:5 "o sees our  
,am]ican society ( ?is mom5t return+ s  

easily to ! physical & ! obvi\s & !     
practical ?+s ( life2 :5 "o sees ! *ur* 
imm]s$ 9 programs1 & moraliz+1 &        
hospitals1 & campaigns1 & memb]%ip      
drives1 & /ati/ics1 & money gett+1 "o is
 con/ra9$ to ask1 ,:at %all be said ( ! 
human _s t x c =get s soon8  ,is x n    
obvi\s1 !n1 t our task = a pagan society
 & a self-conta9$ humanity is to re/ore 
! balance ( ! religi\s consci\sness & to
 dwell1 n on man's id5tity ) ,nature1 b 
on 8 f>-flung diff]5ce2 n on 8          
self-suffici5cy1 b on 8 tragic          
helplessness2 n on ! ,god ( ! m>ket     
place1 ! (fice & ! /reet1 an imman5t &  
relative deity1 b on ! ,absolute1 t high
 & l(ty ,"o :o inhabite? et]nity8       
,inde$1 we are be+ solemnly rem9d$ today
 t ! o!r-worldl9ess ( religion1 its     
conc]n ) future1 sup]temporal ?+s1 is   
its *>act]i/ic & mo/ preci\s            
contribution to ! _w4 ,we are see+ h[ e 
human problem :5 press$ to its ultimate 
issue becomes !ological4 ,"h is :]e !   
f]tile field = contempor>y prea*+ lies4 

,x is f\nd1 n 9 rema9+ ) ^? elem5ts 9 ! 
religi\s consci\sness :i* x %>es 9      
common ) naturalism & humanism1 b 9     
pass+ ov] to ^? :i* are di/9ctive to    
itself alone4 ,x has always be5 true1 b 
x is especially true at ?is mom5t1 t    
effective prea*+ has to d *iefly )      
transc5d5t values4  ,our task is to     
ass]t1 fir/1 !n1 ! o!rness ( man1 8     
diff]5ce f ,nature1 to po9t out !       
illusor9ess ( h] ph5om5a = him1 ! d]iv$ 
reality & second>y value ( h] facts4 ,^!
 are ?+s t ne$ religi\s elucidation4 ,! 
phrase o!r-worldl9ess has come1 n )\t   
reason1 to h an evil connotation among  
u1 b !re is nev]!less a g5u9e disda9 (  
?is _w1 a s5se ( high sup]iority to x & 
pr(\nd indiff]5ce t[>d x1 :i* is ( !    
ess5ce ( ! religi\s attitude4 ,he :o    
kn[s t "h he is a /rang]1 soj\rn+ 9     
tab]nacles2 t he belongs by 8 nature1 n 
to ?is _w1 b t he seeks a bett]1 t is to
 say1 a heav5ly c\ntry1 w = ! joy t is  
set be=e him1 endure a cross & w despise
 ! %ame4 ,he w h a consci\s sup]iority  

to ho/ile facts ( :atev] sort or        
magnitude1 = he kn[s t !y deceive 9 s f>
 z !y pret5d to f9ality4 ,:5 religion   
has ?us acquir$ a cle>-sight$ &         
?or\ghgo+ indiff]5ce to ! natural ord]1 
!n1 & !n only1 x beg9s to be pot5t )9 t 
ord]4 ,!n1 z ,pr(essor ,hock+ says1 x   
rises sup]ior to ! _w ( facts & becomes 
irresi/ible4#ca  ,footnote #ca3 ,!      
,mean+ ( ,god 9 ,human ,exp]i5ce1 p4    
#eah4  ,! "t is ripe1 !n1 fir/1 = !     
prea*] to emphasize ! inw>d & ess5tial  
diff]5ce betwe5 man & nature :i* exi/s  
"u ! outw>d lik5ess1 to rem9d him ( ?is 
m-?an-nature1 ?is o!rness ( man1 )\t :i*
 he w\ld lose 8 mo/ preci\s possession1 
! s5se ( p]sonality4 ,fai? beg9s by     
recogniz+ ?is transc5d5t elem5t 9 man & 
! acceptance ( x is ! f\ndation (       
religi\s prea*+4 ,:at 0 ! wor/ ?+ ab\t !
 w>8 ,n its de/ruction nor its horrors  
nor its futilities1 b its %ames2 !      
dreadful indignities :i* x inflict$ ^u  
man2 x treat$ m5 z ?\gh !y 7 n s\ls6 ,no
 su* moral cata/rophe c\ld h ov]:elm$ u 

if we _h n = long let ! brute lie too   
ne> ! values & practices ( our lives1   
dep]sonaliz+ ?us1 9 politics & indu/ry &
 morals & religion1 our civilization4 ,x
 all proce$$ f ! irreligi\s             
int]pretation ( human exi/5ce1 & !      
fruits ( t int]pretation are be=e u4  ,!
 fir/ task ( ! prea*]1 !n1 is to combat 
! naturali/ic int]pretation ( humanity )
 e insight & e conviction t is )9 8 p[]4
 ,if we are to re/ore religi\s values1  
rebuild a _w ( transc5d5t ends &        
m-?an-natural beauty1 we mu/ beg9 "h )  
man4 ,9 ! popul> und]/&+ ( ! phrase all 
life is n ess5tially "o 9 k9d2 physical 
self-pres]vation & reproduction are n ! 
be-all & ! end-all ( exi/5ce4 ,!re is   
some?+ m to be express$ 9 man )\t :i* ^!
 are b du/ & a%es 9 ! m\?4 ,!re is ano!r
 k9d ( life mix$ 9 ) ?is1 ! obvi\s4 ,if 
we _c express ! o!r _w1 we %all n long  
tol]ate ?is "o4 ,to ?9k t ?is _w is all1
 leans t[>d madness2 su* a picture ( man
 is a trave/y1 n a portrait ( 8 nature4 
,only on "s su* basic tru?s z ^! c we   

build "* 9 our "y p4 ,paganism tells !m 
t x is nei!r natural nor possible to    
keep !mselves unspott$ f ! _w4 ,ov]     
aga9/ x we mu/ reit]ate1 ,y c & y mu/6 =
 ! man t s9ne? wronge? 8 own s\l4 ,y are
 some?+ m ?an physical hung] &          
reproductive in/9ct2 y are ( _s no less 
?an du/4 ,h[1 !n1 c y d ?is great s9    
aga9/ ,god6  ,h[ abundant "h are ! data 
) :i* religi\s prea*+ may deal4 ,inde$1 
z ,huxley & scores ( o!rs h po9t$ out1 x
 is only ! religi\s view ( man t builds 
up civilization4 ,a great community is !
 record ( man's sup]naturalism1 8       
uniqu5ess4 ,x is built on !             
high]-?an-self pr9ciple :i* is involv$ 9
 ! moral s5se itself4 ,& ?is            
high]-?an-self is n j a collective      
naturalism1 a social consci\sness1 z    
,durkheim & ,ov]/reet & ,miss ,h>rison  
w\ld say4 ,! simple/ introspective act w
 prove t4 ,= a man _c ignore            
self-condemnation z if x 7 only a       
natural difficulty1 nor disp>age x z    
?\gh x 7 m]ely humanly impos$4 ,we ?9k x

 comes f t :i* is above & )\t1 because x
 speaks to ! solit>y & ! unique1 n !    
social & ! common "p ( u4 ,h5ce         
consci5ce is n *iefly a tribal product1 
= x is :at sep>ates u f ! gr\p & 9 our  
isolation unites u ) some?+ o!r ?an !   
gr\p4 ,aga9/ ,!e1 ,!e only1 h ,i s9n$ & 
done ?is evil 9 ,?y sight4 ,s religi\s  
prea*+ p]petually holds u up above our  
natural selves & ! natural ord]4  ,?us  
man mu/ live by an o!r-?an-natural law  
if he is to pres]ve ! family1 :i* is !  
social unit ( civilization4 ,its v      
exi/5ce dep5ds ^u modify+ & trans=m+    
natural hung] by a div9] in/9ct1 by mak+
 volunt>y repressions1 will+ sacrifices 
( ! l[] to ! high]1 ! subord9at+ ( ! law
 ( self & might to ! law ( sacrifice &  
love--?is is :at pres]ves family life4  
,animals inde$ re> & *]i% _! "y & = !   
mat+ season rema9 true to "o ano!r1 b no
 animality p] se ev] yet built a home4  
,!re mu/ be a m-?an-natural law 9 !     
/ate4 ,our national life & honor re/ ^u 
! /ability ( ! democracy & we c only    

ma9ta9 t by walk+ a v /raight & n>r[    
pa?4 ,= ! peace ( fre$om z di/+ui%$ f   
prec>i\s lic5se is a m-?an-natural      
atta9m5t1 born ( self-repression &      
social discipl9e1 ! volunt>y rel9qui%m5t
 ( less] rights = high] rights1 (       
p]sonal privileges = ! sake ( ! common  
good4 ,gov]nm5t by ! broad & easy pa?1  
foll[+ ! l9es ( lea/ resi/ance1 l !     
natural ord]1 say+ might is "r1 means   
ei!r tyranny or an>*y4 ,circumspice6 ,"o
 ( ! glories ( we/]n civilization is its
 hospitals4 ,!y /& = ! sup]natural      
doctr9e ( ! survival ( ! unfit1 !       
conviction ( ! community t1 to take !   
easy pa? ( ca/+ out ! ag$ & infirm1 !   
sick & ! suff]+1 w\ld mean incalculable 
deg5]ation ( national "*1 & t !         
difficult & co/ly pa? ( protection &    
m9i/]+ s]vice is bo? necess>y & "r4 ,&  
:y is ! re=matory replac+ ! prison8     
,because we h le>n$ t ! obvi\s1 natural 
way ( deal+ ) ! crim9al c]ta9ly de/roys 
him & ?reat5s to de/roy u2 & t ! h>d1   
difficult pa? ( re$ucat+ & re=m+ a      

vici\s life is ! "o :i* ! /ate = h] own 
safety mu/ foll[4  ,g5u9e prea*+1 !n1   
fir/ ( all1 calls m5 to rep5tance1 bids 
!m turn away f _! natural selves1 &1 to 
f9d t o!r & real] self1 ent] ! /raight &
 n>r[ gate4 ,! call is n an arbitr>y    
comm&1 born ( a negative & repressive   
_s4 ,x is a pr(\nd exhortation bas$ ^u a
 fundam5tal law ( human progress1 hav+  
beh9d x ! inviolable sanction ( ! tru?4 
,su* prea*+ w\ld h ! au!ntic note4 ,x is
 self-v]ify+4 ,x /irs to answ] t        
quality--bo? moral & imag9ative--9 ! _s 
( man :i* craves ! pa9 & difficulty &   
satisfaction ( sep>ation f ! natural    
ord]4 ,x appeals to a timeless wor? 9   
man :i* transc5ds any values ( m]e      
intellig5ce :i* v>y ) ! ages1 or any    
mat]ial prosp]ity :i* p]i%es ) ! us+1 or
 any volitional activity t dies 9 its   
own exp5diture4 ,mu* ( ! philosophy (   
,socrates 0 long ago outmod$1 b         
,socrates himself1 z depict$ 9 ! ,pha$o1
 confront+ dea? ) ! cup ( hemlock 9 8   
h&1 say+ ) a smile1 ,!re is no evil :i* 

c happ5 to a good man liv+ or dead1 has 
a m-?an-natural1 an endur+ & transc5d5t 
quality4 ,:5ev] we prea* to ! elem5t 9  
mank9d :i* produces su* attitudes t[>d  
life & bid x ass]t itself1 !n we are do+
 religi\s prea*+1 & !n we speak ) p[]4  
,jesus liv$ )9 ! inexorable circle ( !  
ideas ( ,8 "t2 ,he /ak$ mu* on ! com+ ( 
! new k+dom :i* did n appe> ei!r :5 or z
 ,he _h fir/ expect$ x4 ,he _h to adju/1
 z d we all1 ,8 life to ,8 exp]i5ce1 ,8 
de/9y to ,8 fate4 ,b :5 ,he 0 hang+ on  
,8 cross1 =gott5 ( m5 & app>5tly des]t$ 
by ,8 ,god1 some?+ 9 ,him t _h no?+ to d
 ) nature or ! brute rose to a f9al     
expression & by its m-?an-natural       
reality1 seal$ & au!nticat$ ,8 life4    
,look+ d[n ^u ,8 tortur]s1 und]/&+ !m f>
 bett] ?an !y und]/ood !mselves1 ,he    
cri$1 ,fa!r1 =give !m1 = !y "k n :at !y 
d4 ,t cry has no place 9 nature2 x has  
no application & no mean+ outside !     
human he>t & t :i* is above1 n b5ea?1 ! 
human he>t1 f :i* x is d]iv$4 ,!re1 !n1 
aga9 0 ! sup]natural law2 !re 0 !       

m-?an-nature 9 man :i* makes nature into
 human nature2 & !re is ! ?+ to ^:      
discov]y1 cultivation1 expression1 real 
prea*+ is address$4 ,e "t a man truly   
prea*es he s portrays :at m5 ought to   
be1 mu/ be1 & c be if !y w1 t !y "k !re 
is some?+ "h            t leaps life's  
n>r[ b>s   ,to claim its bir?right ) !  
ho/s ( heav56     ,a se$ ( sun%9e t do? 
leav5   ,our e>?ly dullness ) ! beams ( 
/>s1     ,& glorify our clay   ,) light 
f f\nta9s eld] ?an ! ,day4#cb  ,footnote
 #cb3 ,j4,r4 ,l[ell1 ,commemoration     
,ode1 /anza ,,iv1 ll4 #cj-ce4  ,su*     
prea*+ is a p]petual refutation ( &     
rebuke to ! naturalism & imp]ialism (   
our pres5t society4 ,x is ! call to !   
absolute 9 man1 to a cle> issue ) evil4 
,x w\ld n cry peace1 peace1 :5 !re is no
 peace4 ,x w\ld be liv+ & active1 & %>p]
 ?an any two-edg$ sword1 pi]c+ ev5 to ! 
divid+ ( bo? jo9ts & m>r[1 quick to     
disc]n ! ?\ghts & int5ts ( ! he>t4      
,foll[+ ?is insi/5ce ^u ! diff]5ce f    
nature1 ! m-?an-natural 9 man1 ! second 

?+ 9 religi\s prea*+ w h to be1         
obvi\sly1 ! message ( salvation4 ,t is  
to say1 r$uc+ ! /atem5t to its l[e/     
t]ms1 if man is to live by su* a law1 ! 
law ( m-?an-nature1 !n he mu/ h some?+  
also m-?an-human to help him 9 8 task4  
,he w ne$ /r5g? f outside4 ,inde$1      
because religion decl>es t !re is su*   
div9e assi/ance1 & t fai? c comm& x1 is 
! *ief cause & reason = our exi/5ce4 ,:5
 we cease to prea* salvation 9 "s =m or 
o!r1 we d5y our own selves2 we efface   
our own exi/5ce4 ,= no "o c prea* !     
m-?an-human 9 mank9d )\t emphasiz+ ^?   
elem5ts ( free w1 moral responsibility1 
! ne$ & capacity = /ruggle & hol9ess 9  
human life :i* x indicates1 & :i* 9 e   
age h be5 a "p ( ! message ( ,him :o    
said1 ,be ye !re=e p]fect1 ev5 z y\r    
,fa!r1 :i* is 9 heav51 is p]fect4       
,!re=e1 z we h previ\sly correct$ ! half
 tru? ( ! naturali/ :o makes a          
c>icature1 n a portrait ( man1 we mu/ n[
 9 ! same way turn to ! correct+ ( !    
humani/'s emphasis ^u man's native      

capacity & insi/ ^u ! complem5t>y tru?  
:i* fulfills ?is moral h]oism ( mank9d1 
namely1 ! div9e rescue :i* answ]s to its
 inadequacy4 ,man mu/ /ruggle = 8       
victory2 he c w92 he _c w9 alone4 ,we   
mu/ !n insi/ ^u ! doctr9e ( salvation1  
turn+ ourselves to ! o!r side ( !       
humani/'s picture4 ,man _c live by ?is  
m-?an-natural law unaid$4 ,= n only has 
he ! p[] to rise above ,nature2 ! same  
?+ gives him equal capacity to s9k b5ea?
 h]1 &1 :5 left to himself1 he g5]ally  
does s4 ,! prea*] does n d>e d5y !      
sov]eignty ( s94 ,humanism hates ! v "n 
( s92 x has nev] made any s]i\s attempt 
to expla9 ! consci\sness ( guilt4 ,nei!r
 naturali/ nor humani/ c af=d to admit  
s91 = s9 takes man1 z hol9ess does1     
outside ! iron *a9 ( cause & effect2 x  
breaks ! law2 x is n /rictly natural4 ,x
 makes cle> en\gh t man is outside !    
natural ord] 9 two ways4 ,he is bo?     
inf]ior & sup]ior to x4 ,he falls b5ea?1
 he rises above x4 ,:5 he acts l a bea/1
 he is n clean & bea/ly1 b unclean &    

be/ial4 ,:5 he lifts 8 head 9 moral     
angui%1 ba!s all 8 _s 9 ! flood ( awe & 
rep5tance1 is transfigur$ ) ! glori\s   
madness ( self-sacrifice1 he is s _m    
worlds high] ?an ! bea/ t _! relation%ip
 becomes irrelevant4 ,s we mu/ deal m   
completely ?an humani/s d ) ! c5tral    
my/]y ( our exp]i5ce2 man's impot5t     
idealism1 8 insight n mat*$ )           
consummation2 ! fact t :at he d>es to   
dream ( he is n able alone to d4  ,= !  
humani/ exalts man1 :i* is good2 b !n he
 makes him self-suffici5t = ! /ruggle   
:i* su* exaltation dem&s1 :i* is bad4 ,9
 t p>tial und]/&+ he dep>ts f tru?4 ,&  
:at is x t makes ! futility ( s mu*     
pres5t prea*+8 ,x is ! acceptance ( ?is 
doctr9e ( man's moral adequacy &        
consequ5tly ! almo/ total lack ei!r ( ! 
assurance ( grace or ( ! appeal to ! w4 
,no wond] su* exhortations _c /em ! tide
 ( an ev] increas+ worldl9ess4 ,su*     
prea*+ /imulates ! m9d2 9 bo? ! bett] & 
! worse prea*]s1 x moves ! emotions b x 
gives m5 little p[] to act on :at !y he>

 & feel to ! trans=mation ( _! daily    
exi/5ce4 ,?us ! humani/ic s5se ( man's  
suffici5cy1 c\pl$ ) ! inh]5t di/ru/ (   
any notion ( help f beyond & above1 any 
belief 9 a re9=c+ p[] :i* a critical    
rationalism _c dissect & expla91 has    
gradually rul$ out ( c\rt ! doctr9e (   
salvation until ! prea*]'s p[]1 bo? to  
exp]i5ce & to transmit x1 has atrophi$  
?r\gh disuse4  ,:o c d\bt t "o l>ge     
reason :y crude & indef5sible concepts (
 ! ,*ri/ian fai? h su* a disconc]t+     
vitality today is because !y c>ry1 9 _! 
outmod$1 une?ical1 discr$it$ =ms1 ! tru?
 ( man's insuffici5cy 9 himself & !     
confid5t assurance ( t some?+ com+ f )\t
 :i* w abundantly complete ! /ruggl+    
life )98 ,!y (f] ! assurance ( t peace &
 moral victory :i* man s ard5tly        
desires1 because !y decl>e t x is bo? a 
discov]y & a revelation1 an a*ievem5t & 
a rescue4 ,!re are vigor\s & rapidly    
gr[+ popul> movem5ts ( ! day :i* re/ _! 
summation ( fai? on ! quadrilat]al ( an 
in]rant & v]bally inspir$ ,scripture1 ! 

full deity ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! efficacy ( 
,8 sub/itution>y atonem5t1 ! spe$y      
second com+ ( ! ,"l4 ,no sane p]son c   
suppose t ^! cults succe$ because ( !   
e?ical insight1 ! spiritual s5sitiv5ess1
 ! intellectual integrity ( su* a       
message4 ,x does n possess ^! ?+s4 ,!y  
succe$1 9 spite ( _! obscurantism1      
because !y d confess & meet man's c5tral
 ne$1 8 ne$ to be sav$4 ,! p[] ( t fact 
is :at is able to c>ry s n>r[ & s       
indef5sible a doctr9e4  ,s ! second     
problem ( ! prea*] is cle>4 ,man ass]ts 
8 pot5tial indep5d5ce ( ! natural law4  
,b to realize t1 he mu/ bridge ! gulf   
betwe5 himself & ! sup]natural lawgiv]  
to ^: dictates he confesses he is       
subject4 ,he is n free f ! bondage ( !  
l[]1 except ?r\gh ! bondage to ! high]4 
,nor c he live by t high] law unaid$ &  
alone4 ,"h we /rike at ! root (         
humanism4 ,its k9dly tol]ance ( ! *ur*  
is built up on ! pr\d conviction t we1 )
 our di/9ctive doctr9e ( salvation1 are 
sup]flu\s1 h5ce sometimes dis+5u\s &    

always negligible4 ,! humani/ believes t
 und]/&+ takes ! place ( fai?4 ,:at m5  
ne$ is n to be r$eem$ f _! s9s1 b to be 
educat$ out ( _! follies4  ,b does "r   
kn[+ 9 itself suffice to insure "r do+8 
,socrates & ,plato1 ) _! ind5tification 
( k & virtue1 w\ld appe> to ?9k s2 !    
*ur* has gone a long way1 "u humani/ic  
pressure1 9 tacit acquiesc5ce ) _!      
doctr9e4 ,yet mo/ ( u1 judg+ alike f    
int]nal & p]sonal evid5ce & f ext]nal & 
social obs]vation1 w\ld say t !re 0 no  
sadd] or m univ]sal exp]i5ce ?an t ( !  
failure ( "r k to secure "r p]=mance4   
,"r k is n 9 itself "r liv+4 ,we h /rik+
 te/imony on t po9t f "o ( ! greate/ (  
all humani/s1 no less a p]son ?an       
,confucius4 ,at sev5ty1 he says1 ,i c\ld
 foll[ :at my he>t desir$ )\t           
transgress+ ! law ( measure4#cc ,!      
implication ( su* te/imony makes no v   
good humani/ic apologetic6 ,mo/ ( u1 :5 
desire has fail$1 c manage to atta91    
unaid$1 ! id5tification ( und]/&+ &     
conduct1 c climb to ! poor heights ( a  

worn-out & )]$ cont95ce4 ,b "o wond]s a 
little :e!r1 !n1 ! climb+ seems to be   
wor? :ile4  ,footnote #cc3 ,analects1   
,,ii1 civ4  ,b ! doctr9e usually beg9s  
by m9imiz+ ! free ag5cy ( ! individual1 
play+ up ! factors ( compulsion1 ei!r ( 
circum/ance or inh]itance or (          
ignorance1 z be+ 9 !mselves *iefly      
responsible = blameful acts4 ,^! are    
!re=e consid]$ involunt>y & c]ta9 to be 
re=m$ :5 man kn[s bett] & has !         
correspond+ /r5g? ( 8 k4 ,b ,ari/otle1  
:o deals ) ?is ,socratic doctr9e 9 !    
?ird book ( ! ,e?ics1 v s5sibly rem>ks1 
,x is ridicul\s to lay ! blame ( our    
wrong actions ^u ext]nal causes r ?an ^u
 ! facility ) :i* we ourselves are      
caught by su* causes1 &1 :ile we take   
cr$it = our noble actions to ourselves1 
lay ! blame ( our %ameful actions ^u    
pleasure4#cd ,! facility ) :i* we are   
caught--!re is ! religi\s und]/&+ !re is
 t p]v]sion ( w :i* conspires ) ! p]ils 
& *ances ( ! _w s t toge!r !y may undo !
 s\l4  ,footnote #cd3 ,e?ics1 ,book     

,,iii1 *4 ii1 p4 #fa4  ,( c\rse1 z      
,ari/otle admits1 !re is ?is half tru?  
ly+ at ! root ( ! ,socratic             
id5tification ( virtue & k t e vici\s   
p]son is ignorant ( :at he ought to d & 
:at he ought to ab/a9 f do+ 9 ! s5se t  
:at he is ab\t to d c\ld n be def5d$ ^u 
any gr\nd ( enlight5$ self-int]e/4 ,& s1
 :ile he f9ds s9 sweet & evil pleasant1 
^! are delusive exp]i5ces1 :i*1 if he   
saw life /eadily & :ole1 he w\ld "k z   
su*4 ,b "o reason = ?is ignorance is    
unwill+ness to "k4 ,good m5 d evil1 &   
und]/&+ m5 s91 p>tly because !y are     
misl$ by false ideas1 p>tly1 also1      
because1 kn[+ !m false1 !y _c or w n    
give !m up4 ,?is is :at ,goe! v well    
und]/ood :5 he said1 ,mo/ m5 pref] error
 to tru?1 because tru? imposes          
limitations & error does n4  ,& ano!r   
reason is t :5 m5 d "k1 !y f9d a deadly 
& my/]i\s1 a sort ( p]v]t$ joy--a sweet 
& t]rible & secret delight1--9 d5y+ _!  
own und]/&+4 ,?us "r liv+ calls = a     
repeat$ & difficult ex]cise ( ! w1 :at  

,pr(essor ,babbitt calls a pull+ back ( 
! impulse to ! track t k indicates4 ,su*
 moral ma/]y is n id5tical ) moral      
p]ception & mo/ frequ5tly is n its      
accompanim5t1 unless obs]vation &       
exp]i5ce are alike fallaci\s4 ,?us !    
:ole argum5t falls to ! gr\nd :5 we     
confess t possession ( k does n gu>antee
 ! application ( x4 ,!re=e ! two ?+s1 k 
& virtue1 accord+ to univ]sal exp]i5ce1 
are n id5tical4 ,humani/s inde$ use ! ^w
 k = ! mo/ "p 9 an esot]ic s5se4 ,k is  
virtue 9 ! s5se t x enables u to see    
virtue z excell5t & desirable2 x is n   
virtue 9 ! s5se t x alone enables u to  
acquire x4  ,:o1 inde$1 t has ev] liv$ 9
 ! f> c\ntry does n "k t "o factor 9 its
 fasc9ation 0 a bitt]sweet aw>5ess ( !  
folly1 ! inevitable disa/]1 ( su* ali5  
surr\nd+s4 ,:o also does n "k t (t5 :5 !
 :ole w is set to id5tify conduct )     
conviction1 x may be1 = all its         
passionate & bitt] s9c]ity1 set 9 va94  
,9 e h\r ( e day !re are hundr$s ( lives
 t battle hone/ly1 b ) decreas+         

spiritual =ces1 ) passion & temptation4 
,sometimes a life is driv5 by ! fi]ce   
gales ( enticem5t1 ! swift curr5ts (    
desire1 "r ^u ! jagg$ rock ( "s great   
s94 ,lives t h seem$ /rong & fair g d[n 
e day1 d !y n1 & %ock u = a mom5t ) _!  
irrem$iable cata/rophe8 ,& we mu/ n =get
 t be=e !y w5t d[n1 = _m a mon? or ev5  
ye> !y h be5 h>d beset lives4 ,be=e t   
f9al & complete ru91 !y h be5 drift+ &  
/ruggl+1 driv5 & fight+1 s9 draw+ ne>] &
 ne>]1 _! fat$ lives urg$ on1 ! m9d gr[+
 d>k]1 ! />s 9 _! s\ls go+ out1 ! /e]+ (
 _! own lives tak5 f _! h&s4 ,!n !re has
 be5 ! s5se ( ! com+ dang]1 ! d>k       
pres5tim5t ( h[ x all mu/ end :5 ! p[]s 
t t5d ! s\l to help x f ! dea? t _c die1
 & save x ev5 9 extremes1 beg9 to vex & 
plague x4 ,!re has be5 ! dreadful s5se (
 life drift+ t[>d a great cra%1 ne>] &  
ne>] to :at mu/ be ! wreck ( all ?+s4   
,:at does ! humani/ h to (f] to ^! m5 & 
wom5 :o "k p]fectly well :]e !y are1 &  
:at !y are ab\t1 & :]e !y w\ld l to be1 
b :o c't get !re & :o are1 today & e    

day1 putt+ =? _! la/ & somb] ef=ts1 try+
 9 va9 to j keep cle> ( ru9 until !     
d>kness & ! helplessness %all lift &    
some?+ or someone %all give !m peace6   
,n[1 x is ?is defect 9 ! w :i*          
automatically limits ! p[] ( !          
intellect4 ,x is ?is :i* ! ,socratic    
id5tification ignores4 ,s :ile we might 
readily grant t x is 9 ! ess5tial nature
 ( ?+s t virtue & tru?1 wisdom & "*1    
und]/&+ & goodness1 are b two aspects ( 
"o ?+1 is x n trifl+ ) "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s 
facts ( human de/9y to int]pret ! truism
 to mean t1 :5 a man kn[s t a           
contemplat$ act is wrong or fooli% or   
ugly1 he is !reby re/ra9$ f accompli%+  
x8 ,k is n virtue 9 ! s5se t m]e reason 
or m]e p]ception c control ! w4 ,& ?is  
is ! conclusion t ,ari/otle also comes  
to :5 he says3 ,"s p say t incont95ce is
 impossible1 if "o has k4 ,x seems to !m
 /range1 z x did to ,socrates1 t :]e k  
exi/s 9 man1 some?+ else %\ld ma/] x &  
drag x ab\t l a slave4 ,socrates 0 :olly
 oppos$ to ?is idea2 he d5i$ ! exi/5ce (

 incont95ce1 argu+ t nobody ) a         
conception ( :at 0 be/ c\ld act aga9/ x1
 & !re=e1 if he did s act1 8 action mu/ 
be due to ignorance4 ,& !n ,ari/otle    
adds1 ,! !ory is evid5tly at v>iance ) !
 facts ( exp]i5ce4#ce ,plato himself    
exposes ! !oretical nature ( ! ass]tion1
 its inhuman dem& ^u ! w1 !             
sup]reasonabl5ess :i* x expects b (f]s  
no way ( obta9+1 :5 he says1 ,e "o w    
admit t a nature hav+ 9 p]fection all ! 
qualities :i* are requir$ 9 a philosoph]
 is a r>e plant seldom se5 among m54#cf 
,footnote #ce3 ,e?ics1 ,book ,,vii1 *4  
iii1 pp4 #bjf-bjg4  ,footnote #cf3      
,republic1 ,,vi1 #dia4  ,x w\ld be well 
if ^? p :o are go+ ab\t ! _w today tea*+
 social hygi5e to adolesc5ts 7on ! :ole 
an admirable ?+ to d7 b proce$+ on !    
assumption t :5 y\? kn[s :at is "r & :at
 is wrong1 & :y x is "r & :y x is wrong1
 & :at are ! consequ5ces ( "r & wrong1 t
 !n1 ipso facto1 y\? w become           
*a/e1--well if !y w\ld acqua9t !mselves 
ei!r ) ! e?ics ( ,ari/otle or ) !       

,*ri/ian doctr9e ( salvation4 ,= if m5  
?9k t k by itself ev] yet produc$ virtue
 9 eag] & unsat$ lives1 !y are ei!r     
knaves or fools4 ,!y w f9d t k          
uncontroll$ by a purifi$ _s & a re9=c$ w
 is already tea*+ m5 n h[ to be good1 b 
h[ to s9 ! m boldly ) ! bett] *ance (   
physical impunity4 ,philosophy1 says    
,black1 is a feeble antagoni/ be=e      
passion1 because x does n supply an     
adequate motive = ! conflict4#cg ,!re 7 
few m5 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury 9 :om k &     
virtue 7 m pr(\ndly & completely jo9$   
?an 9 ,john ,h5ry ,newman4 ,b did t     
subtle intellect suffice8 c\ld x make ! 
s*ol> into ! sa9t8 ,he> 8 own words3    
,o ,holy ,"l1 :o ) ! *ildr5 ?ree        
,did/ walk ! pi]c+ flame2   ,help1 9 ^? 
trial h\rs :i*1 save to ,!e1     ,i d>e 
n "n2   ,nor let ^! quiv]+ eyes & sick5+
 he>t     ,crumble to du/ b5ea? !       
tempt]'s d>t4    ,?\ :o did/ once ,?y   
life f ,m>y's brea/     ,r5ew f day to  
day2   ,o might h] smile1 sev]ely sweet1
 b re/     ,on ?is frail clay6   ,till  

,i am ,?9e ) my :ole s\l1 & fe>     ,n  
feel1 a secret joy1 t ,hell is ne>4  ,s1
 only :5 we include 9 ! t]m k und]/&+   
plus good w1 is ! humani/ position true1
 & ?is1 ,i suppose1 is :at ,ari/otle    
meant :5 he f9ally says1 ,vice is       
consi/5t ) k ( "s k9d1 b x excludes k 9 
! full & prop] s5se ( ! ^w4#ch          
,footnote #cg3 ,culture & ,re/ra9t1 p4  
#ajd4  ,footnote #ch3 ,e?ics1 ,book     
,,vii1 *4 v1 p4 #bae4  ,n[1 s f9espun a 
discussion ( intricate & psy*ological   
subtleties is mildly int]e/+ presumably 
to middle-ag$ s*ol>s1 b ,i submit t a   
half tru? t ne$s s mu* explanation & s  
_m admissions be=e x c be made safe or  
actual1 is a r dang]\s ?+ to (f] to     
adolesc5ce or to a congregation ( av]age
 m5 & wom54 ,x _c s\nd to !m v mu* l !  
good news ( ,jesus4 ,culture is a       
preci\s ?+1 b no culture1 )\t ! help (  
div9e grace & ! responsive affection on 
our "p :i* t grace induces1 w ev] knit  
m5 toge!r 9 a k+dom ( ,god1 a spiritual 
society4 ,z long ago z ! second c5tury  

,celsus und]/ood t4 ,he says 9 8 polemic
 aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 z quot$ by ,orig51  
,if any "o suppose t x is possible t ! p
 ( ,asia & ,europe & ,africa1 ,greeks & 
b>b>ians1 %\ld agree to foll[ "o law1 he
 is hopelessly ignorant4#ci ,n[1 ,celsus
 0 proce$+ on ! assumption t ,*ri/ianity
 0 only ano!r philosophy1 a new         
intellectual sy/em1 & he 0 m]ely expos+ 
! futility ( all su* unaid$             
intellectualism4  ,footnote #ci3 ,orig51
 contra ,celsum1 ,,viii1 p4 #gb4  ,x is1
 !re=e1 ( prime importance = ! prea*] to
 rememb] t humanism1 or any o!r doctr9e 
:i* approa*es ! problem ( life & conduct
 o!r ?an by moral & spiritual means1 c  
nev] take ! place ( ! religi\s appeal1  
because x does n t\* ! spr+s ( action   
:]e motives are born & f :i* convictions
 arise4 ,y d n make a man moral by      
enlight5+ him2 x is ne>] ! tru? to say t
 y enlight5 him :5 y make him moral4    
,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t1 said ,jesus1 
= !y %all see ,god4 ,if any man wills to
 d ! w1 he %all "k ! doctr9e4 ,education

 does n wipe out crime nor an und]/&+   
m9d make a holy w4 ,! la/ half ( !      
n9ete5? c5tury made x t]ribly cle> t !  
le>n+ & sci5ce ( mank9d1 :]e !y are     
divorc$ f piety1 unconsecrat$ by a      
spiritual passion1 & l>gely direct$ by  
selfi% motives1 c nei!r b5efit nor r$eem
 ! race4 ,consid] = a mom5t ! enorm\s   
expansion ( k :i* ! _w has witness$ s9ce
 ! ye> #ahei4 ,:at prodigi\s accessions 
to ! sum ( our common und]/&+ h we se5 9
 ! natural & ! humane sci5ces2 & :at    
m>vel\s uses ( sci5tific k = practical  
purposes h we discov]$6 ,we h ma/]$ 9 ^!
 latt] days a ?\s& secrets ( nature4 ,we
 h fre$ ! m9d f old ignorance & anci5t  
sup]/ition4 ,we h p5etrat$ ! secrets ( !
 body1 & c almo/ conqu] dea? &          
indef9itely prolong ! span ( human days4
 ,we face ! facts & "k ! _w z our fa!rs 
c\ld nev] d4 ,we und]/& ! pa/ & =esee ! 
future4 ,b ! mo/ significant ?+ ab\t our
 pres5t situation is ?is3 h[ little has 
?is wisdom1 9 & ( itself1 done = u6 ,x  
has made m5 m cunn+ r ?an m noble4 ,/ill

 ! body is ravag$ & consum$ by passion4 
,/ill m5 toil = o!rs aga9/ _! w1 & !    
/rong spill ! blood ( ! weak = _!       
ambition & ! sweat ( ! *ildr5 = _! gre$4
 ,nev] 0 le>n+ s diffus$ nor ! cont5t ( 
s*ol>%ip s l>ge z n[4 ,yet ! great      
cities are z ,babylon & ,rome ( old1 :]e
 human wreckage multiplies1 & hide\s    
vices fl\ri%1 & m5 toil )\t expectancy1 
& live )\t hope1 & millions exi/--n live
 at all--f h& to m\?4 ,z we survey !    
univ]sal unre/ ( ! _w today & see !     
horrors ( w> betwe5 nation & nation1 &  
betwe5 class & class1 x w\ld n be       
difficult to make out a case = ! !sis t 
! sci5tific & intellectual advances ( ! 
n9ete5? c5tury h l>gely work$ to make m5
 ke5] & m capaci\s 9 _! suff]+4 ,& at   
lea/ ?is is true2 j s f> z ! a*ievem5t (
 ! m9d has be5 divorc$ f ! consecration 
( ! _s1 9 j s f> k has _h no b5efic5t   
pot5cy = ! human race4  ,is x n cle>1   
!n1 t prea*+ mu/ deal aga91 nev] m inde$
 ?an n[1 ) ! religion :i* (f]s a        
r$emption f s98 ,?is is /ill fooli%ness 

to ! ,greeks1 b to ^? :o believe x is   
/ill ! p[] ( ,god unto salvation4       
,culture is n religion4 ,:5 ! prea*]    
sub/itutes ! "o = ! o!r1 he gives /ones 
= bread1 & ! hungry %eep g else:]e or   
are n f$4 ,x is ?is emasculat$ prea*+1  
mulct$ ( its spiritual =ces1 :i* awakes 
! bitt]e/ di/ru/ & deepe/ indignation t 
human be+s "k4 ,!y are fight+ ! foes ( !
 fle% & ! enemies ( ! _s1 endur+ ! sl+s 
& arr[s ( outrage\s =tune1 /&+ by ! op5 
graves ( _! fri5ds & k9dr$1 say+ !re1 ,i
 %all g to him1 b he %all n return to   
me4 ,& !n1 ) all ?is my/]y & oppression 
( life ^u !m !y ent] ! doors ( ! h\se ( 
,god & li/5 to a polite essay1 are told 
( ! consolations ( art1 rem9d$ ( !      
/upidity ( evil1 assur$ ( ! unreality ( 
s91 (f]$ ! subtle satisfactions ( a     
cultivat$ intellig5ce4 ,9 j s f> z !y   
are g5u9e m5 & wom51 !y res5t su* prea*+
 z an insult1 a mock]y & an (f5se4 ,no1 
no2 some?+ m is ne$$ ?an ! humani/ c (f]
 = ^? :o are h>d-press$ p>ticipants 9 ! 
/rick5 fields ( life4  ,religi\s prea*+1

 !n1 beg9s ) ^! two ?+s3 man's solit>y  
place 9 nature1 man's inability to hold 
t place alone4 ,h5ce two m ?+s are      
necess>y z ess5tials ( great prea*+ 9 a 
pagan day4 ,! cle> proclamation ( !     
sup]human ,god1 ! transc5d5t _s :o is   
able to control & re9=ce ! _s ( man1 & !
 sett+ =? ( "s way or "s m$iator1 ?r\gh 
:om man may meet & t\* t ,_s s f> remov$
 yet s inf9itely ne> & de> to him4 ,x is
 ) ^! matt]s t we %all be occupi$ 9 !   
next *apt]4     ,,*apt] ,,six  ,,!      
,,almighty ,,& ,,ev]la/+ ,,god   ,if !  
transc5d5t elem5t 9 man :i* end[s him ) 
! pr\d if tragic s5se ( p]sonality is ! 
fir/ message ( ! prea*] to a *att]+ &   
volatile _w1 & ! second is ! sett+ =? ( 
:at ?is end[m5t dem&s & h[ pitiably man 
fails to meet x1 !n ! ?ird message is ( 
! ,rock t is high] ?an he1 ev5 inclusive
 ( 8 all1 9 ^: compos$ & compreh5sive   
,be+ 8 baffl$ & divid$ p]son may be     
ga!r$ up1 br\ght to its own consummation
 ( self4 ,! riv]s t p\r tumultu\sly to  
_! ocean b$1 ! asc5d+ fire ev] fall+    

backw>d b leap+ upw>d to ! sun1 are poor
 figures to express ! dep? & irresi/ible
 urge ( ! passion 9 man = complet5ess1 =
 repose1 = p[]1 = self-p]ception 9      
self-expression1 = victory & ! atta9m5t 
( ! end4 ,consci\s & divid$ _s t he is1 
man turns away1 soon] or lat]1 ) utt]   
we>9ess & self-disgu/ f ! nature :i*    
pleases him by betray+ him1 :i* maims 8 
p]son t he may enjoy 8 s5ses1 & rea*es  
out aft] ! o!r-worldly1 ! sup]natural1 !
 invisible & et]nal ,hope & ,home ( !   
,s\l4  ,humanism :i* bids m5 suffici5tly
 f9d ,god )9 !mselves1 if !y ?9k !y ne$ 
to f9d ,him at all1 seems n to compreh5d
 ?is passion ( pride & humility1 ?is    
inn] p]ception ( ! futility & ! blund] (
 ! self-conta9$ life4 ,life is s        
obvi\sly n wor? its brevity1 its suff]+1
 its )held conclusions1 its relative    
insignificance1 if x mu/ ?us /& alone4  
,all t c save x1 pres]ve to x wor? &    
dignity1 ma9ta9 its self-respect &      
ma/]y1 is to f9d t abundant p[] )\t :i* 
confesses1 c]tifies & seals ! div9ity   

)94  ,h[ =$oom$ to failure1 !n1         
especially 9 an age :5 m5 are surm\nt+  
life by placat+ x1 enjoy+ x by be+ easy 
) !mselves--h[ =$oom$ to failure is !   
prea*+ :i* cont9ues 9 ! _w ( religion   
?is exaltation ( human suffici5cy &     
natural values1 dome/icat+ !m )9 ! *ur*4
 ,x is to laugh to see !m !re6 ,x means 
s transp>5t a surr5d]1 s pitiable a     
confession ( defeat4 ,if any?+ c br+ !  
natural man into ! sanctu>y x is t !re  
he has to br+ 8 naturalness to ! b> ( a 
m-?an-natural /&>d4 ,if he comes at all1
 x w n be = ent]ta9m5t & expansion b    
because !re we insi/ on rev]5ce &       
re/ra9t4 ,if *ur* & prea*] (f] only a   
pietiz$ & decor\s naturalism1 :5 he c   
get ! real ?+ 9 nak$ & una%am$ brutality
 )\t2 if !y (f] him only ano!r =m (     
humani/ic liv+1 he w /ay away4 ,su*     
prea*+ is z boresome z x is unnecess>y4 
,su* ex]cise ( devotion is ess5tially   
sup]flu\s & a r humor\s imposition ^u ! 
_w4 ,! only ?+ t w ev] br+ ! natural man
 to li/5 to prea*+ is :5 x insi/s ^u    

some?+ m-?an-!-natural & calls him to   
acc\nt reg>d+ x2 :5 x speaks ( some?+   
diff]5t & bett] = him ?an ?is _w & :at x
 c (f]4 ,take my yoke ^u y is !         
attractive invitation1 make inn]        
obeisance & outw>d ob$i5ce to some?+    
high] ?an ?y poor self4  ,x is cle>1 !n1
 t ^! obs]vations h a be>+ ^u our prea*+
 ( ! doctr9e ( ,god4 ,!re is a c]ta9    
illogicality1 some?+ humor\s1 9 go+ into
 a *ur*1 ( all places 9 ! _w1 to be told
 h[ l we are to ,him4 ,! dull & av]age  
p]sonality1 ! ord9>y & n v valuable man1
 c probably li/5 indiff]5tly & ) a      
sl[-gr[+ h>dness & dim res5tm5t to t    
sort ( prea*+ = a numb] ( ye>s4 ,b !    
valuable1 ! highly p]sonaliz$ p1 ! sa9ts
 & ! s9n]s1 ! great rebels & ! great    
disciples1 :o are ! v folk = :om ! *ur* 
exi/s1 w\ld hate x1 & !y w\ld "k ! f9al 
bitt]ness ( despair if !y ?\ght t ?is 0 
s4 ,ei!r sa9t or s9n] w\ld consid] x !  
supreme insult1 ! la/ pit* ( insol5ce1 =
 ! *ur* to be tell+ !m t x is true4  ,= 
!y "k )9 !mselves t x is a lie4 ,_! "o  

hope hangs on ,god because ,8 ?\ghts are
 n _! ?\ghts1 nor ,8 ways _! ways2      
because ,he see? ! end f ! beg9n+2      
because 9 ,him !re is no v>iabl5ess1    
nei!r %ad[ t is caus$ by turn+2 because 
no man %all see ,8 face & live4 ,!y1 !  
s9n]s & ! sa9ts1 d n want to be told t  
!y1 )9 !mselves1 c heal !mselves & t s9 
has no real s9fulness4 ,t is tempt+ !m  
to ! f9al d5ial1 ! la/ dep? ( betrayal1 
! blurr+ ( moral values1 ! call+ ( evil 
good & ! say+ t good is evil4 ,!y "k t  
?is is ! unp>donable madness4 ,9 ! h\rs 
:5 !y1 ! sa9ts & s9n]s1 wipe _! m\?s &  
say1 ,we h done no h>m2 9 ! days :5 :at 
!y love is ugl9ess because x is ugly &  
%ameless1 & reckless expression because 
x is s t]rible1 s secretly appall+1 s   
bitt]sweet ) ! sweetness ( dea?1 !y "k t
 x is ! la/ affront to h ! *ur*--! "o   
place :]e m5 expect !y w be made to face
 ! facts--b[ ^! facts out ( doors4  ,no1
 we readily grant t ! religi\s approa*  
to ! :ole tru? & to f9al reality is l   
any o!r "o1 ei!r sci5tific1 economic1   

political1 a p>tial approa*4 ,x sets =? 
= ! mo/ "p only a gr\p ( facts4 ,:5 x   
does n emphasize o!r facts1 x does n    
!reby d5y !m4 ,b x insi/s t ! tru? (    
man's diff]5ces1 man's helplessness :i* 
! diff]5ces reveal1 & man's fate hang+  
!re=e ^u a transc5d5t ,god1 are ! key   
tru?s = ! religi\s life4 ,x is ) t      
aspect ( life ! prea*] deals1 & if he   
fails to grapple ) ^! problems &        
consid]ations1 ignores ^! facts1 8      
c&le/ick has be5 remov$4  ,! argum5t = a
 ,god1 !n1 )9 ,8 _w1 b also di/9ct f x1 
above its evil cu/om & 9 "s s5se unt\*$ 
by its all-level+ life1 is ess5tial to !
 pres]vation ( human p]sonality1 &      
p]sonality is ess5tial to dignity1 to   
dec5cy1 to hope4 ,! cle>e/ & simple/ ?+ 
to be said ab\t ! ,hebrew ,god1 l(ty &  
inaccessible ,be+1 ) :om nev]!less ,8   
purifi$ & ob$i5t *ildr5 might h         
relation%ips1 or ab\t ! liv+ ,god (     
,greek !ology1 f> remov$ f u b ) ^:     
dea?less goodness1 beauty & tru? our    
mortality by "s m$iator may be end[$1 is

 t ! argum5t t supports su* transc5d5ce 
is ! argum5t f necessity4 ,x is ! facts 
( exp]i5ce1 ! v /uff ( human life1 com+ 
d[n alike f ,hebraic & ,hell5ic         
civilization1 :i* dem& ,him4 ,imman5ce &
 transc5d5ce are m]ely !i/ic t]ms =     
id5tity & diff]5ce4 ,?r\gh !m is reveal$
 & discov]$ p]sonality1 ! ,i :i* is !   
ultimate fact ( my consci\sness4 ,i c b 
reckon f ! kn[n to ! unkn[n4 ,! _w :i*  
produc$ me is also1 !n1 a cosmic id5tity
 & diff]5ce4 ,9 t d\ble fact is f\nd    
div9e p]sonality4 ,b t aspect ( ,8      
,p]son1 t portion ( ! fact :i* fe$s !   
imag9ative & volitional life1 is !      
glori\s & sav+ unlik5ess ( ,god--,8     
un?9kable & inexpressible glory2 ,8 utt]
 compreh5sion & unbelievable compassion2
 ,8 ju/ice :i* kn[s no flaw & brooks no 
evasion & _c be sw]v$2 ,8 p[] :i* may n 
be )/ood & h5ce is a sure & c]ta9       
t5d]ness2 ,8 hatr$ ( s91 t]rible &      
flam+1 a hatr$ :i* w s5d s9ful m5 ?r\gh 
a ?\s& hells1 if !y w h !m1 & c only be 
sav$ !reby2 ,8 love = m51 :i* is :at    

makes ,him hate _! s9 & leads ,him by ,8
 v nature z ,god to walk into hell ) !  
s9n]1 suff]+ ) him a ?\s& times m ?an ! 
s9n] is able to und]/& or "k1--l ! ,paul
 :o c\ld n wi% himself1 = himself1 9    
hell1 b :o did wi% himself accurs$ (    
,god = 8 bre?r5's sake2 l ,jesus1 :o1 9 
,ge?semane1 w\ld = ,himself avoid ,8    
cross1 b :o accept$ x & 0 will+ to hang1
 =sak5 ( ,god1 ^u x1 = ! lives ( m51    
id5tify+ ,himself to ! utt]mo/ ) _!     
fate4 ,yes2 x is su* a sup]nal ,god--t  
,god :o is ap>t1 incr$ible1 awful--t !  
s\l ( humanity craves & ne$s4  ,( c\rse1
 "h aga91 z ?r\gh\t ^! discussions1 we  
are return+ to a =m ( ! old dualism4 ,we
 _c seem to help x4 ,we may con/ruct    
philosophies l ,hegel's 9 :i* !sis &    
anti!sis m]ge 9 a high] syn!sis2 we may 
use ! dual view ( ! _w z repres5t+ only 
a /age1 a pres5t a*ievem5t 9 cosmic     
progress or human und]/&+4 ,b t does n  
alt] ! inconte/able witness ( pres5t    
exp]i5ce t ! religi\s consci\sness is   
bas$ ^u1 int]wov5 )1 ! s5se ( ! cosmic  

division )\t1 & ! unresolv$ moral       
dualism )9 ! individual life4 ,x is     
important en\gh to rememb]1 h[ev]1 t we 
h reject$1 at lea/ = ?is g5]ation1 ! old
 s*ola/ic !ologies f\nd$ on ?is g5]al   
exp]i5ce4 ,fa%ions ( ?\ght *ange )      
significant facility2 !re is n mu* ( !  
,absolute ab\t !m6 ,nev]!less we _c ?9k 
) =gott5 t]ms4 ,!re=e ours is no        
me*anically divid$ _w :]e man & ,god1   
nature & sup]nature1 s\l & body1 belong 
to mutually exclusive t]ritories4 ,we d 
n d5y ! pr9ciple ( id5tity4 ,h5ce we h  
disc>d$ t old view ( ! _w & all ! eld]  
doctr9es ( an abs5tee creator1 a        
wor?less & totally deprav$ humanity1 a  
legali/ic or sub/itution>y atonem5t1 a  
magical & non-und]/&able ,inc>nation :i*
 fl[$ f x4 ,b we are n disc>d+ ) !m t   
o!r aspect ( ! tru?1 ! pr9ciple (       
sep>at5ess1 nor ^? value judgm5ts1 t    
p]petual vision ( ano!r nature1 beh9d & 
b5ea? ph5om5a1 f :i* ! old dualism took 
its rise4 ,x is ! =m :i* x assum$1 !    
int]pretation ( exp]i5ce :i* x gave1 n !

 facts !mselves1 obscure b /ubborn z !y 
are1 :i* x confess$1 t we h dropp$4     
,id5tity & diff]5ce are /ill "h2 man is 
a "p ( 8 _w1 b he is also ap>t f x4 ,god
 is 9 nature & 9 u2 ,god is )\t & o!r   
?an nature & mo/ awfully some?+ o!r ?an 
u4  ,inde$1 ! precise problem ( ! prea*]
 today is to keep ! old sup]natural     
values & drop ! old vocabul>y ) !       
philosophy :i* induc$ x4 ,we mu/        
ackn[l$ge ! univ]se z "o1 & yet be able 
to %[ t ! ,he or ! ,x1 beyond & )\t !   
_w1 is its only conceivable beg9n+1 its 
only conceivable end1 ! *ief hope ( its 
brevity1 ! only /ay ( its idealism4 ,x 0
 ! arbitr>y & me*anical complet5ess ( ! 
old division1 n ! reality t und]lay !   
di/9ction itself1 :i* p>t$ company )    
tru? & h5ce lo/ ! allegiance ( ! m9d4 ,x
 0 t ! old dualism tri$ to lock up ?is1 
! mo/ baffl+ ( all realities1 9 a       
=mula1--t 0 :at undid x4 ,b we %all be  
equally fooli% if n[1 9 ! int]e/s ( a   
new artificial cle>ness1 we d5y ano!r   
portion ( exp]i5ce j z our fa!rs ignor$ 

c]ta9 o!r facts 9 ! int]e/s ( _! too    
well-def9$ sy/ems4 ,we _c hold to ! old 
_w view :i* w\ld b5d ! mod]n m9d to !   
support ( an inh]it$ int]pretation (    
exp]i5ce & !re=e w\ld n any long] really
 expla9 or confirm x4 ,nei!r c we hold  
new views :i* mutilate ! exp]i5ce &     
leave out "s ( ! mo/ preci\s elem5ts 9  
x1 ev5 if 9 s do+ we %\ld simplify !    
problem = ! m9d4 ,x w\ld be an unreal   
simplification2 x w\ld d>k51 n illum9e1 
! und]/&+2 we %\ld nev] re/ 9 x4 ,nor d 
we ne$ to be conc]n$ if ! intellect _c  
p]fectly ord] or easily demon/rate !    
:ole ( ! religi\s life1 fit ea* elem5t )
 a self-v]ify+ def5se & explanation4 ,no
 man ( ! _w1 to say no?+ ( a man ( fai? 
or imag9ation1 has ev] yet tru/$ to a   
purely intellectual judgm5t4  ,s we     
reject ! old dualism1 its di*otomiz$    
univ]se1 its two sorts ( au?ority1 its  
prodigi\s & arbitr>y sup]naturalism4 ,b 
we d n reject :at lay beh9d x4 ,/ill we 
wre/le ) ! angel1 lam$ ?\gh we are by ! 
conte/1 & we _c let him g until ! day   

breaks & ! %ad[s flee away4 ,x w\ld be  
easi] p]haps to give up ! religi\s po9t 
( view1 b = t ease we %\ld pay ) our    
life4 ,= t swift answ]1 a*iev$ by leav+ 
out prime factors 9 ! problem1 we %\ld  
be betray+ ! self = ^: sake alone any   
answ] is valuable4 ,x does n pay to cut 
su* ,gordian knots6 ,our task1 !n1 is to
 prea* transc5d5ce aga91 n 9 t]ms ( !   
old absoluti/ philosophy1 b 9 t]ms ( !  
p]ceptions1 ! ne$s1 ! exp]i5ce ( ! human
 he>t & m9d & w :i* produc$ t           
philosophy4  ,nor is ?is s h>d to d4    
,n[1 z always = ! g5u9ely religi\s      
temp]am5t1 !re are abundant ri*es (     
mat]ial ly+ ready to its h&4 ,x is n    
difficult to make transc5d5ce real & to 
reveal to m5 _! consummate ne$ ( x :5 we
 speak ( x 9 ! language ( exp]i5ce &    
p]ception4 ,:at prea*+ %\ld avoid is !  
ab/ractions ( an ar*aic sy/em ( ?\ght ) 
all _! provocative & cont5ti\s elem5ts1 
! m+l$ dogmatism & incomplet5ess :i* any
 work$-out sy/em conta9s4 ,x is s fooli%
 9 ! prea*] to turn himself into a lay  

philosoph]4 ,let him keep 8 insight     
cle>1 ?r\gh moral discipl9e keep 8      
intuitions high1 8 _s pure1 & !n he c   
furni% ! mat]ials = philosophy4  ,?us an
 almo/ univ]sal trait ( ! religi\s      
temp]am5t is 9 its delight 9 beauty4    
,sometimes x is repress$ by an          
irreligi\s asceticism or n>r[$ & /unt$  
by a lit]al & ext]nal fai?4 ,b :5 !     
religi\s man is left free1 x is         
appropriate to 8 g5ius t he f9ds ! _w   
full ( a high pleasure cr[d$ ) s\nd1    
color1 fragrance1 =m1 9 :i* he takes    
exquisite delight4 ,!re is1 9 %ort1 a   
s]5e & poetic naturalism1 loosely call$ 
nature-wor%ip1 :i* is ke5ly felt by bo? 
sa9ts & s9n]s4 ,all x ne$s = its        
consecration & p]fection is to help m5  
to see t ?is naturalism is vital &      
preci\s because1 z a matt] ( fact1 x is 
some?+ m ?an naturalism1 & m ?an        
pleasure objectifi$4  ,recall1 =        
in/ance1 ! spl5dors ( ! ext]nal _w & t  
be/ season ( our climate1 ! long1       
sl[-brea?+ autumn4 ,:at high pleasure we

 take 9 ^? hu%$ days ( mid-,novemb] 9 ! 
s(t br[n turf ( ! upl&s1 ! fragrant     
smell ( mell[ e>? & burn+ leaves1 !     
purple haze t dims & magnifies !        
quiesc5t hills4 ,:o is n /rangely mov$  
by t pr(\nd & brood+ peace into :i*     
,nature !n ga!rs up ! multitud9\s       
/riv+s1 ! myriad activities ( h] life8  
,:o does n love to lie1 9 ^? sl[-wan+   
days ^u ! s&s :i* hold )9 _! gold5 cup !
 murmur+ & dream+ sea8 ,! v amplitude ( 
! natural _w1 its f>-flung grace &      
lovel9ess1 spread out 9 roll+ moor &    
w9d+ /ream & /ately =e/ m>*+ up !       
m\nta9-side1 subdues & elevates ! _s ( a
 man4  ,n[1 s x has always be5 & s m5 h 
always long$ to be ! wor%ip]s ( beauty4 
,!re=e !y h believ$ 9 a consci\s &      
et]nal ,_s beh9d x4 ,because aga9 we "k 
t p]sonality is ! only ?+ we h (        
absolute wor?4 ,a man _c1 !re=e1 wor%ip 
beauty1 :olly rel9qui% himself to its   
high delights1 if he conceives ( ?is    
maje/ic grace z imp]sonal & inanimate4  
,= t :i* we wor%ip mu/ be great] ?an we4

 ,beh9d x1 !re=e1 j because x seems to u
 s beautiful1 mu/ be some?+ t calls to !
 hidd5 deeps ( ! s\l1 some?+ intimately 
ak9 to our own spirits4 ,s man wor%ips n
 nature1 b ! ,god ( nature2 s5ses an    
,et]nal ,pres5ce beh9d all graci\s =m4  
,= t int]prets beauty & consecrates !   
spell ( beauty ov] u4 ,?is gives a f9al 
mean+ to :at ! s\l p]ceives is an utt]  
lovel9ess4 ,?is gives to beauty an      
et]nal & cosmic significance comm5surate
 to its *>m & p[]4 ,z long z m5's he>ts 
surge1 too1 :5 ! tide ye>ns up ! bea*2 z
 long z _! s\ls become articulate :5 !  
birds s+ 9 ! dawn1 & ! fl[]s lift       
!mselves to ! sun2 s long w m5 believe t
 only f a supreme & consci\s ,lovel9ess1
 a joy\s & a graci\s ,_s c\ld h come !  
beauty :i* is s intimately relat$ to !  
_s ( a man4  ,b n all sa9ts & s9n]s are 
end[$ ) ?is joy & insight1 ?is quick    
s5sitiv5ess to beauty4 ,"s ( !m _c f9d !
 et]nal & transc5d5t ,god 9 a lovel9ess 
:i*1 by temp]am5t1 !y ei!r und]rate or d
 n really see4 ,!re are a great _m good 

p :o _c take beauty s]i\sly4 ,!y become 
wood5 & suspici\s & uncom=table :5ev] !y
 are ask$ to p]ceive or enjoy a lovely  
object4 ,incr$ible ?\gh x seems1 x      
appe>s to !m to be unwor?y ( any f9al   
allegiance1 any complete surr5d]1 any   
unque/ion+ joy4 ,b !re are o!r ways 9   
:i* !y1 too1 may come to ?is s5se (     
transc5d5ce1 o!r aspects ( exp]i5ce :i* 
also dem& x4 ,mo/ (t5 x is j su* folk :o
 _c p]ceive beauty1 because !y are      
practical or sci5tific or condemn$ to   
mean surr\nd+s1 :o d feel to ! full !   
grim =ce & t]ror ( ! ext]nal _w4        
,prud5ce1 caution1 h>d s5se are to ! =e 
) !m6 ,v well2 !re1 too1 9 ^! p]ceptions
 is an op5 door = ! human _s to transc5d
 its environm5t1 get out ( its physical 
%ell4 ,! po/ulate ( ! absolute wor? (   
beauty may be an argum5t = ,god drawn f 
subjective necessity4 ,b ! po/ulate (   
sov]eign moral ,be+ beh9d ! tyranny &   
brutality ( nature is an argum5t (      
objective necessity z well2 "h we all   
ne$ ,god to expla9 ! _w4  ,= we deal )  

:at c]ta9ly appe> to be objective       
aspects ( ! tru?1 :5 we reg>d ourselves 
9 our relation to ! might ( ! physical  
univ]se4 ,= ev5 z m5 fe$ ^u its beauty1 
s !y h f\nd x necess>y to discov] some?+
 :i* %\ld enable !m to live above &     
unafraid ( its mat]ial & gigantic p[]4  
,we h already se5 h[ !re appe>s to be a 
cosmic ho/ility to human life :i* sob]s 
inde$ ^? :o are intellig5t en\gh to     
p]ceive x4 ,x is only ! fool or ! brute 
or ! s5tim5tali/ :o is unt]rifi$ by     
nature4 ,! man ( reflection & imag9ation
 sees 8 race crawl+ ant-l ov] its t9y   
speck ( sl[ly cool+ e>? & surr\nd$ by   
titanic & ru?less =ces :i* ?reat5 at any
 mom5t to engulf x4 ,! religi\s man kn[s
 t he is inf9itely great] ?an ! bea/s ( 
! field or ! clods ( ! highway4 ,yet    
,vesuvius bel*es =? its liquid fire & 9 
"o day ( />k t]ror ! great city :i* 0   
full ( m5 is become mute & desolate4 ,! 
pr\d l9] scrapes along ! surface ( !    
froz5 b]g & crumples l a %ip ( c>ds4    
,!re is a spla%1 a cry1 a :ite face1 a  

lift$ arm1 & !n all ! pride & spl5dor1  
all ! hopes & fe>s1 ! gorge\s dreams1 ! 
d>+ ?\ghts are gone4 ,b ! ice floats on 
unsc>r$ & undet]r$ & ! ocean tosses &   
heaves j z x did be=e4  ,n[1 if ?is is  
all1 if !re is = u only ! physical might
 ( nature & ! _w is only :at x seems to 
be2 if !re is no o!r ,god except su* z c
 be f\nd )9 ?is sort ( cosmic process1  
!n human life is a s>donic mock]y1 &    
self-respect a silly f>ce1 & all !      
h]oism ( ! he>t & ! valor ( ! m9d !     
unmean+ activities ( an insignificant   
atom4 ,! v m5 :o w naturally ent] y\r   
*ur*es are ! ones :o h always f\nd t    
!ory ( life intol]able4 ,x doesn't take 
9 all ! facts4 ,!y c\ld n live by x & ! 
s\l ( ! race1 look+ out ^u ?is univ]se (
 immeasurable mat]ial bulk1 has *all5g$ 
x & d>$ to ass]t its own sup]iority4  ,s
 by ?is road ^! m5 come back to !       
transc5d5t ,god )\t :om !y _c gu>d t    
integrity ( p]sonality :i* we are all   
set to keep4 ,= "h !re is no way (      
believ+ 9 oneself1 no way ( endur+ ?is  

_w or our place 9 x & no tol]able way ( 
und]/&+ x except we look b5ea? ?is      
cosmic ho/ility & f9d our self-respect &
 a satisfy+ cosmic mean+ 9 p]ceiv+      
spiritual =ce1 a consci\s e?ical        
purpose1 :i* int]p5etrates ! ?und] & !  
lightn+1 :i* lies beh9d ! />s z !y move 
9 _! p]petual c\rses4 ,?r\gh x ! mo/    
anci5t heav5s are fre% & /rong4         
,integrity ( p]sonality 9 su* a _w z    
?is1 belief 9 self1 )\t :i* life is du/ 
& a%es 9 ! m\?1 re/ on ! sublime        
assumption t suffus+ mat]ial =ce is     
e?ical _s1 m l unto u ?an x1 controll+  
=ce 9 ! int]e/ ( moral & et]nal         
purposes4 ,9 ^! purposes liv+1 n        
me*anical1 =ces play a major "p4  ,(    
c\rse1 to all su* reason+ ! ,kantians & 
humani/s reply t ^! notions ( an        
objective & et]nal beauty1 ( a          
transc5d5t & actual ,cosmic ,be+ exi/ )9
 ! m9d4 ,!y are purely subjective ideas1
 !y are b\nd$ by ! inexorable circle (  
our exp]i5ce1 h5ce !y (f] no pro( ( any 
objective reality :i* may 9 great] or   

less degree correspond to !m4  ,h[ev]1  
!re mu/ be a s\rce ( ^! ideas4 ,to :i* !
 philosoph]s reply1 ,yes1 !y are        
primitive & necess>y1 produc$ by reason 
only1 )\t borr[+ any?+ f ! s5ses or !   
und]/&+4 ,yet !re is no suffici5t       
evid5ce t ! idea ( ,god is ?us produc$  
by any faculty ( m9d act+ 9 entire      
fre$om f ext]nal influ5ce4 ,on !        
contr>y1 ! idea appe>s to owe mu* to !  
op]ation ( ext]nal ?+s ^u ! m9d2 x is n 
!n ! :olly unaffect$ product ( reason4  
,x is a response no less ?an an         
intuition4 ,l all k a discov]y1 b !     
discov]y ( some?+ !re :i* c\ld be       
discov]$1 h5ce1 9 t s5se1 a revelation4 
,x is n necess>y1 !n1 = m5 to meet _!   
situation 9 ! cosmos by say+ ) ,kant3   
,we w act z ?\gh !re 7 a ,god1 al?\gh we
 are always consci\s t we h no real k ( 
,him z an ext]nal be+4 ,9 ! light ( !   
tragic circum/ances ( humanity1 ?is is  
dem&+ ! impossible4 ,no sane body ( m5 w
 ev] get suffici5t inspiration = life or
 f9d an adequate solution = ! problem ( 

life by re/+ ^u m]e value judgm5ts :i*  
!y propose1 by an ef=t ( w1 to put 9 !  
place ( g5u9e reality judgm5ts4 ,inde$1 
!re is a truly s*ola/ic navet1 a sort ( 
solemn & unconsci\s humor1 9 s]i\sly    
propos+ t m5 %\ld vitalize & consecrate 
_! deepe/ purposes & mo/ difficult      
exp]i5ces by hypo!siz+ m]e appe>ances & 
illusions4  ,nor are we will+ ei!r to   
say ) ,santayana t all our s5se ( !     
beauty ( ! _w is m]ely pleasure         
objectifi$ & t we c inf] no et]nal      
,beauty f x4 ,we are aw>e t !re _c be an
 imm$iate k ( a reality di/9ct f        
ourselves1 t all our k mu/ be1 9 !      
nature ( ! case1 an idea1 a m5tal       
repres5tation1 t we c nev] "k ! ,?+     
,itself4 ,b if we believe1 z we         
logically & reasonably may1 t our       
subjective ideas are =m$ "u ! influ5ce (
 objects unkn[n b )\t u1 produc$ by     
/imuli1 real1 if n p]ceiv$ ap>t f our   
own consci\sness1 !n we may say t :at we
 h is a m$iate or repres5tative k n only
 ( an ,et]nal ,be+ b =m$ "u ! influ5ce (

 t ,be+4 ,nor does ! believ] ask = m4   
,he does n expect to see ! ,k+ 9 ,8     
beauty2 he only ne$s to "k t ,he is1 t  
,he is !re4  ,h[ self-v]ify+ & mov+1 !n1
 are ! appeals ready to our h&s4 ,z long
 z man ) ! p[] to "q1 to /rive1 to      
aspire1 to endure1 to suff]1 lives 9 a  
univ]se ( ru?less & ov]:elm+ might1 s   
long1 if he is to und]/& x or ma9ta9 8  
reason & 8 dignity1 he w believe x to be
 controll$ by a ,_s beyond no less ?an  
)91 f :om 8 _s is d]iv$4 ,x is out ( !  
/ruggle to rev]e & cons]ve human        
p]sonality1 out ( ! belief 9 !          
indefectible wor? & honor ( selfhood t  
our race has front$ a univ]se 9 arms1 & 
pitt+ its s\l aga9/ nature has cri$1    
,god is my refuge3 und]nea? me1 at ! v  
mom5t :5 ,i am engulf$ 9 e>?quake %ock  
or %att]$ 9 ! battle's ro>1 !re are     
ev]la/+ arms6 ,!re is some?+ :i* is too 
deep = te>s 9 ! unconqu]able idealism1 !
 utt] magnanimity ( ! fai? ( ! human _s 
9 t :i* w answ] to itself1 z evid5c$ 9  
?is =lorn & glori\s adv5ture ( ! s\l4   

,sometimes we are con/ra9$ to ask       
ourselves1 ,h[ c ! he>t ( man g s       
undismay$ ?r\gh ! wa/e places ( ! _w8   
,b1 ( c\rse1 ! prea*]'s ma9 task is to  
int]pret man's moral exp]i5ce1 :i*      
drives him out to se>* = ! et]nal 9 !   
t]ms ( ! o!r & r$eem+ ,god4 ,we h spok5 
( ! dep]sonaliz+ ( religion :i* paganism
 & humanism alike h br\ght ^u ! _w4 ,"o 
evid5ce ( t has be5 ! way 9 :i* we h    
conf\nd$ ! social expressions ( religion
 ) its individual s\rce4 ,we are s      
conc]n$ ) ! effect ( our religion ^u !  
community t we h =gott5 t ! he>t (      
religion is f\nd 9 ! solit>y s\l4 ,all (
 :i* means t we h "h aga9 yield$ to ! "t
 _s t enfolds u & h come to ?9k ( man z 
religi\s if he be humane4 ,b t is n     
true4 ,no man is ev] religi\s until he  
becomes dev\t4 ,& inde$ no man ( our    
sort--! sa9t & s9n] sort--is ev] long & 
truly humane unless ! spr+s ( 8 t5d]ness
 = m5 are f\nd 9 8 ev] wid5+ & deep5+   
gratitude to ,god6 ,h5ce no man 0 ev]   
yet able to prea* ! liv+ ,god until he  

und]/ood t ! c5tral ne$ 9 human life is 
to reconcile ! individual consci5ce to  
itself1 compose ! an>*y ( ! spiritual   
life4 ,m5 want to be happy & be f$2 b m5
 mu/ h inw>d peace4  ,we sw+ back1      
!re=e1 to ! native gr\nd ( prea*+1      
approa* ! religi\s problem1 n[1 n f !   
ae/hetic or ! sci5tific1 b f ! moral    
angle4 ,"h we are deal+ ) ! mo/ poignant
 ( all human exp]i5ces4 ,= x is 9 ?is   
int5sely p]sonal _w ( moral failure &   
divid$ w t m5 are mo/ acutely aw>e (    
!mselves & h5ce ( _! ne$ ( t            
o!r-?an-self beyond4 ,! s5tim5tal       
idealiz+ ( contempor>y life1 ! decl5sion
 ( ! humani/'s optimism into t          
sup]ficial complac5cy :i* w n see :at x 
does n l or :at x is n exp$i5t to see1  
makes "o's m9d to *uckle :ile "o's he>t 
do? a*e4 ,!re is a brief heyday1 its    
cont9uance dep5d5t ^u ! uncontrollable  
factors ( outw>d prosp]ity1 physical &  
n]v\s vigor1 capacity = preoccupation ) 
! successive novelties ( a div]sifi$ &  
complicat$ civilization1 9 :i* ev5 m5 ( 

religi\s temp]am5t c m9imize or ignore1 
p]haps s9c]ely disbelieve 91 _! divid$  
life4 ,sometimes we ?9k we may s9 & be  
done ) x4 ,b always 9 ! end man mu/ come
 back to ?is moral trag$y ( ! s\l4      
,because s9 w n be done ) u :5 we are   
done ) x4 ,e evil is evil to him t does 
x & soon] or lat] we are compell$ to    
und]/& t to be a s9n] is ! sore/ & mo/  
c]ta9 puni%m5t = s9n+4  ,!n ! awak5+    
beg9s4 ,!n c prea*+ /ir ! he>t until    
deep answ]e? unto deep4 ,x c talk ( !   
/ruggle ) moral temptation & weakness2 (
 ! un/able temp]am5t :i* oscillates     
betwe5 ! gutt] & ! />s2 ( ! p]v]sion or 
abuse ( impulses good 9 !mselves2 ( !   
dreadful dualism ( ! s\l4 ,= ^! are     
inh]itances :i* h made life tragic 9 e  
g5]ation = innum]able human be+s4 ,:oev]
 ne$$ to expla9 to a company ( gr[n m5 &
 wom5 :at ! cry ( ! s\l = its release f 
passion is8 ,e g5]ation has its secret  
pessimi/s1 brood+ ov] ! an>*y ( ! _s1 ! 
issues ( a di/ract$ life4 ,we ne$ n ask 
) ,fau/1 ,:]e is t place :i* m5 call    

',hell'8 nor wait = ,mephi/opheles to   
answ]1    ,hell is 9 no set place1 nor  
is x circumscrib$1   ,= :]e we are--is  
,hell6  ,n[1 x is f su* c5tral &        
poignant exp]i5ces z ^! t m5 h be5      
con/ra9$ to look outw>d = a ,god4 ,= ^! 
m>k ! v dis9tegration ( p]sonality1 !   
utt] dissipation ( selfhood4 ,t is !    
inescapable horror ( s94 ,t is :at we   
mean :5 we say s9n]s are lo/2 s !y are1 
!y are lo/ to _! own selves4 ,) :at     
discrim9at+ tru? ! fa!r 9 ! p>able ( !  
lo/ boy speaks4 ,?is1 my son1 he says1 0
 dead ?\gh he is alive aga94 ,s x is )  
u2 be+ is ! price we pay = s9n+4 ,! m we
 d wrong ! less we are4 ,h[ !n %all we  
become alive aga98  ,x is out ( ! %ame &
 passion1 ! utt] ne$ ( ! human he>t1 :i*
 su* consid]ations %[ to be real t m5 h 
built up _! r$emptive fai?s4 ,= all     
moral victory is condition$ ^u help f   
)\t4 ,to be sure ea* w & s\l mu/ /rive  
desp]ately1 ev5 unto dea?1 yet all t    
/rife %all be 9 va9 unless ,"o /oops d[n
 f above & wre/les ) u 9 ! conflict4 ,= 

! s9n] mu/ h two ?+s1 bo? ( !m beyond 8 
unaid$ gett+1 or he w die4 ,he mu/ be   
releas$ f 8 captivity4 ,:o does n "k !  
t]rible re/lessness1 t gr[s & fe$s ^u   
itself & !n does gr[ "s m1 ( ! man b\nd 
by evil & want+ to get out8 ,! torture (
 s9 is t x deprives u ( ! p[] to express
 ourselves4 ,! cry ( moral mis]y1 !re=e1
 is always ! groan+ ( ! prison]4 ,oh1 = 
help to break ! b>s ( my intol]able &   
delici\s s9 t ,i may be myself once m6  
,oh1 = "s p[] great] ?an ,i :i*1 be+    
great]1 c set me free6  ,b m ?an ! s9n] 
wants to be free does he want to be     
kept4 ,along ) ! passion = lib]ty is !  
desire = surr5d]4 ,aga91 !n1 he wants   
some?+ outside himself1 "s ,be+ s f>    
above ! _w he lives 9 t x c take him1 ! 
:ole ( him1 break 8 life1 %ake x to its 
f\ndations1 !n pacify1 compose x1 make x
 anew4 ,he is s tir$ ( 8 s92 he is s    
we>y ) /riv+2 he wants to rel9qui% x    
all2 get f> away f :at he is2 flee l a  
bird to ! m\nta92 lay d[n 8 life be=e ! 
,"o l :om he w\ld be4 ,s he wants p[]1  

he wants peace4 ,he w\ld be himself1 he 
w\ld lose himself4 ,he prays = fre$om1  
he longs = captivity4  ,n[1 out ( ^!    
dep?s ( human life1 ^! va/ ant9omies ( !
 _s1 has aris5 man's belief 9 a         
,savi\r-,god4 ,sublime & awful are !    
sanctions ^u :i* x re/s4 ,out ( !       
extremity & def9it5ess ( our ne$ we "k t
 ,he mu/ be & we "k :at ,he mu/ be l4   
,he is ! ,"o to :om all he>ts are op51  
all desires kn[n1 f :om no secrets are  
hid4 ,:o c\ld /ate ! m+l+ ( desire &    
dread ) :i* m5 /rive aft]1 & hide f1 su*
 a ,god8 ,we want ,him1 yet until we h  
,him h[ we fe> ,him4 ,= t inclusive k ( 
u :i* is ,god1 if only we c be> to come 
to x1 end[s u ) fre$om4 ,= !n all !     
b>ri]s are d[n1 !re is no?+ to conceal1 
no?+ to expla91 no?+ to hold back4 ,!n  
reality & appe>ance co9cide1 "* &       
condition correspond4 ,i am :at ,i am   
be=e ,him4 ,supreme reality f )\t answ]s
 & completes my own1 & makes me real1 & 
my reality makes me free4  ,b if ,he ?us
 kn[s me1 & ?r\gh t k e inn] inhibition 

melts 9 ,8 pres5ce & e damn+ secret's   
out1 & all my life is spread l an op5   
palm be=e ,8 gaze1 & ,i am come at la/1 
?r\gh _m we>y roads1 unto my v self1 :y 
!n ,i c let g1 ,i c rel9qui% myself4 ,! 
dreadful t5sion's gone & 9 utt] surr5d] 
! s\l is p\r$ out1 until1 sp5t &        
express$1 re/ & peace flood back into ! 
satisfi$ life4 ,s ! life is free2 s !   
life is b\nd4 ,s a man /&s ^u 8 feet2 s 
he cl+s to ! ,rock t is high] ?an he4 ,s
 ! life is cleans$ 9 burn+ light2 s !   
s\l is hid 9 ! secret ( ,god's pres5ce4 
,s m5 come to !mselves2 s m5 lose       
!mselves 9 ! ,et]nal4 ,!re is p]fect    
fre$om at la/ because we h atta9$ to    
complete captivity4 ,!re is p[]         
accompani$ by peace4 ,t is ! gift :i* ! 
vision ( a ,god1 morally sep>ate f1     
morally o!r ?an we1 br+s to ! inw>d     
/rife1 ! spiritual agony ( ! _w4 ,?is is
 ! ne$ :i* t fai? satisfies4 ,x is1 ,i  
suppose1 9 ?is exult+ exp]i5ce ( moral  
fre$om & spiritual peace :i* comes to ^?
 m5 :o make ! exp]im5t ( fai? t !y1 = ! 

mo/ "p1 f9d _! suffici5t pro( ( ! div9e 
reality4 ,:o ev] d\bt$ ,8 exi/5ce :o    
c\ld cry ) all t innum]able company ( _m
 k9dr$s & peoples & tongues3    ,he     
br\ght me up also out ( an horrible pit1
 out ( ! miry clay2   ,& he set my feet 
^u a rock1 & e/abli%$ my go+s4   ,& he  
ha? put a new song 9 my m\?1 ev5 praise 
unto our ,god4  ,"h1 !n1 is ! prea*+ :i*
 is religi\s4 ,h[ fooli% are we n to    
prea* x m6 ,h[ trivial & imp]t95t x is  
to "q ! p]man5ce ( ! religi\s           
int]pretation ( ! _w6 ,:at a revelation 
( p]sonal insignificance x is to fail to
 rev]e ! maje/y ( ! dev\t & aspir+ life6
 ,t :i* a />v$ & re/less & giddy _w has 
lo/ is ?is pool ( quietness1 ?is t[] (  
/r5g?1 ?is cleans+ grace ( salvation1   
?is hav5 ( ! ,_s4 ,belief 9 a transc5d5t
 deity is z natural z hung] & ?ir/1 z   
necess>y z sleep & brea?+4 ,x 0 ! inn] &
 ess5tial ne$s ( our fa!rs' lives :i*   
drove !m out to se>* = ,him4 ,x w be !  
inn] & ess5tial ne$s ( ! lives ( our    
*ildr5 t %all br+ !m to ! alt> :]e _!   

fa!rs & _! fa!rs' fa!rs b[$ d[n be=e !m4
 ,are we go+ to be afraid to keep its   
fires burn+8  ,& s we come to our f9al &
 mo/ difficult aspect ( ?is transc5d5t  
problem4 ,we h talk$ ( ! man :o is      
sep>ate f nature1 & :o kn[s himself z   
man because beh9d nature he sees ! ,god 
f :om he is sep>ate1 too4 ,we h se5 h[  
he ne$s t o!rness 9 ,god to ma9ta9 8    
p]sonality & h[ ! gulf betwe5 him & t   
,god induces t s5se ( helplessness :i*  
makes ! humility & p5it5ce ( ! religi\s 
life4 ,we mu/ come n[ to our f9al "q4   
,h[ is he to bridge ! gulf8 ,by :at p[] 
c he g ?r\gh ) ?is exp]i5ce we h j be5  
relat+ & f9d 8 :ole self 9 a :ole _w8   
,h[ c he d>e to try x8 ,h[ c he ga9 p[] 
to a*ieve x8  ,p]haps ?is is ! c5tral   
difficulty ( all religion4 ,x is c]ta9ly
 ! "o :i* ! old ,greeks felt4 ,plato1 ! 
fa!r ( ,*ri/ian !ology1 & all           
neo-platoni/s1 knew t ! gulf is "h      
betwe5 man & ,god & !y knew t some?+ or 
someone mu/ bridge x = u4 ,!y p]ceiv$ t 
man1 unaid$1 _c leap x at a /ride4 ,we  

proce$1 driv5 by ! facts ( life1 to !   
po9t :]e ! s\l looks up to ! ,et]nal &  
confesses ! k9%ip1 & kn[s t only 9 ,8   
light %all x see light1 & t x only %all 
be satisfi$ :5 x awakes 9 ,8 lik5ess4 ,b
 h[ %all ! connection be made8 ,:at %all
 enable u to d t my/ic ?+1 come back to 
,god8 ,we h frightful h&icaps 9 !       
attempt4 ,h[ %all ! di/ru/ t s9 creates1
 ! h>dness t s9 =ms1 ! despair &        
helplessness t s9 induces1 ! dreadful   
indiff]5ce :i* is its expression1--h[   
%all !y be remov$8 ,h[ %all ! unfai? :i*
 ! my/]y1 ! suff]+1 ! evil ( ! _w induce
 be ov]come8 ,be+ a s9n] ,i d n d>e1 &  
be+ ignorant ,i d n believe1 to come4   
,god is !re & ,god wants u2 l z a fa!r  
pitie? 8 *ildr5 s ,he pitie? u4 ,he     
kn[e? our frame1 ,he rememb]e? t we are 
du/4 ,we "k t is true2 aga9 we d n "k x 
is true4 ,all ! s9 t is 9 u & all :i* t 
s9 has done to u insi/s & insi/s t x is 
n true4 ,& ! m9d wond]s--& wond]s4 ,:at 
%all break t di/ru/2 & melt away !      
h>dness s t we h an op5 m9d2 & s5d hope 

into despair1 hope ) its accompany+     
confid5ce to act2 *ange unfai? to       
belief1 until1 9 hav+ fai?1 we !reby h t
 :i* fai? believes 98 ,h[ amaz+ is life6
 ,we look out into ! heav5ly c\ntry1 we 
long to walk !re91 we h s little p[] to 
/ir h& or foot to ga9 our entrance4 ,we 
"k x is !re b all ! facts ( our         
rebelli\s or self-c5t]$ life1 individual
 & associat$ alike1 are aga9/ x & !re=e 
we d n "k t x is !re4  ,philosophy &    
reason & pro(s ( logic _c greatly help u
 "h4 ,no man 0 ev] yet argu$ into !     
k+dom ( ,god4 ,we _c conv9ce ourselves (
 our s\ls4 ,= we are creatures1 n m9ds2 
lives1 n ideas4 ,only life c conv9ce    
life2 only a ,p]son b1 ( c\rse1 a       
transc5d5t p]son t is m l ,him ?an l u1 
c make t ,o!r-:o-lives c]ta9 & sure = u4
 ,?is necessity = "s int]m$i>y :o %all  
be a human yet m-?an-human pro( t ,god  
is & t man may be "o ) ,him2 ?is re9=c+ 
( ! old argum5t f subjective necessity  
by its v]ification 9 ! actual /uff (    
objective life1 has be5 ev]y:]e s\ght by

 m54  ,savi\rs1 r$eem]s1 m$iators1 !n1  
are n !ological manik9s4 ,!y are n      
sup]flu\s figures born ( a mi/ak5 notion
 ( ! univ]se4 ,!y are n second>y gods1  
concessions to our *ildi%ness4 ,!y1 too1
 are call$ = 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,b to    
really m$iate !y mu/ h ! qualities ( bo?
 t :i* !y transmit & ( ^? :o receive !  
transmission4 ,mo/ ( all !y mu/ h t o!r 
quality1 s triumphant & self-v]ify+ t   
see+ x con/ra9s belief4 ,a m$iator :olly
 unlike ourselves w\ld be a mean+less & 
mock+ figure4 ,b a m$iator :o 0 *iefly l
 ourselves w\ld be a contradiction 9    
t]ms6  ,s we come back aga9 to ! old    
problem4 ,man ne$s "s pro( t he :o kn[s 
t he is m ?an du/ c meet ) t o!r life f 
^: /> 8 speck has be5 d]iv$4 ,some?+ has
 got to give him p[]ful re9=cem5t = ?is 
supreme ef=t ( w1 ( fai?4 ,if only he   
c\ld "k t he & x ev] h met 9 ! fields ( 
"t & space1 !n he w\ld be sav$4 ,= t    
w\ld give him ! w to believe2 t w\ld    
prove ! ultimate2 give him ! bless$     
assurance :i* heals ! w\nds ( ! he>t4   

,!n he w\ld h p[] to surr5d]4 ,!n he    
w\ld no long] fe> ! gulf1 he w\ld walk  
out onto x & "k t z he walk$ he 0 )     
,god4  ,"s su* reason+ z ?is ought to   
make cle> ! place t ,jesus holds 9      
,*ri/ian prea*+ & :y we call ,him       
,savi\r & :y salvation comes = u :o are 
( ,8 spiritual l9eage1 ?r\gh ,him4 ,(   
c\rse x is true t ,jesus %[s to all     
disc]n+ eyes :at man may be4 ,b t is n !
 *ief secret ( ,8 p[]2 t is n :y *ur*es 
are built to ,him & ,8 cross /ill       
fronts1 defeat$ b unconqu]able1 our     
pagan _w4 ,jesus 0 m-?an-nature &       
m-?an-human4 ,x is ?is o!r quality1     
op]ative & objectifi$ 9 ,8 exp]i5ce )9  
our _w1 :i* gives ,him ! absolut5ess :i*
 makes ,him indisp5sable & preci\s4 ,!  
my/]y is deepe/ "h4 ,= "h we transf] !  
ant9omy f ?\ght to conduct2 f inn]      
p]ception to "o ,be+'s actual exp]i5ce4 
,"h1 9 ,him1 we say we see x resolv$    
into its high] syn!sis 9 actual         
op]ation4  ,"h1 !n1 we c almo/ look into
 x4 ,yet :5 we d gaze1 our eyes dazzle1 

our m9ds sw]ve1 x is too mu*4 ,x is n   
easy1 inde$1 at ! pres5t "t x seems to  
be impossible to reconcile ! ,*ri/ (    
hi/ory ) ! ,*ri/ ( exp]i5ce4 ,yet !re   
w\ld be nei!r "r nor reason 9 say+ t !  
=m] 0 m ( a reality ?an ! latt]4 ,& all 
! "t ! he>t f :i* great ?\ghts arise1 ! 
he>t :i* has its reasons ( :i* ! m9d    
kn[s no?+1 says1 ,"h 9 ,him is !        
consummate quality1 ! absolute note (   
life4 ,"h ! impossible has be5          
accompli%$4 ,"h ! opposites meet & !    
contradictions bl5d4 ,"h is some?+ s    
incr$ible t x is true4  ,( c\rse1 ,jesus
 is ( u & ,he is ours4 ,t is true & x is
 inexpressibly sweet to rememb] x4      
,aga91 to use our old solecism1 t is !  
less] "p ( ! tru?2 ! great] "p1 = m5 (  
religion1 is t ,jesus is ( ,god1 t ,he  
belongs to ,him4 ,8 *ief (fice = our _w 
has n be5 to %[ u :at m5 c be l2 x has  
be5 to give u ! vision ( ! ,et]nal 9 a  
human face4 ,= if ,he does reveal ,god  
to man !n ,he mu/ hold1 z ,presid5t     
,tuck] says1 ! quality & sub/ance ( !   

life :i* ,he reveals4  ,"h is :]e ,he   
diff]s immeasurably f ev5 a ,socrates4  
,:at m5 want mo/ to believe ab\t ,jesus 
is ?is1 t :5 we commune ) ,him1 we are )
 ! inf9ite2 t man's j p]ception ( !     
,et]nal ,_s1 8 desire to escape f "t    
into reality1 may be fulfill$ 9 ,jesus4 
,t is ! ,gospel3 ,come unto ,him1 all ye
 t labor & are heavy lad51 = ,he w give 
y re/4 ,:osoev] dr9ke? ( ?is wat] %all  
?ir/ aga94 ,b :osoev] dr9ke? ( ! wat] t 
,i %all give him %all nev] ?ir/2 b !    
wat] t ,i %all give him %all be 9 him a 
well ( wat] spr++ up into ev]la/+ life4 
,if ! ,son !re=e %all make y free1 y    
%all be free inde$4  ,n[1 if all ?is is 
true1 :at is ! religi\s prea*+ ( ,jesus1
 :at aspect ( ,8 p]son meets ! spiritual
 ne$8 ,cle>ly1 x is ,8 transc5d5ce4 ,x  
is n wor?y ( u to evade x because we _c 
expla9 x4 ,surely :at has ha/5$ our     
pres5t paganism has be5 ! removal f !   
=efront ( our consci\sness ( ,jesus !   
,savi\r1 ! div9e ,r$eem]1 ! absolute    
,meet] ( an absolute ne$4 ,( su* prea*+ 

( ,jesus we h today v little4 ,! p5dulum
 has swung f> to ! left1 to ! o!r       
exclusive emphasis1 too obvi\sly        
influ5c$ by ! curr5ts ( ! day4 ,x 0     
p]haps inevitable t ,he %\ld = a "t drop
 out ( ,8 =m] place 9 ,*ri/ian prea*+ "u
 ?is comb9$ humani/ic & naturali/ic     
movem5t4 ,b x means t aga9 we h         
rel9qui%$ ^? values :i* h made ,jesus ! 
he>t ( humanity4  ,( c\rse1 ,he 0 a     
p]fect$ human "* inspir$ above all m5 by
 ! _s ( ,god1 %[+ ! capacity ( humanity 
to hold ,div9ity4 ,?is is :at ,m>y      
celebrates 9 h] paean1 ,he t is mighty  
has magnifi$ me & holy is 8 "n4 ,b is   
?is :at m5 h passionately ador$ 9       
,jesus8 ,has love ( ,him be5 self-love8 
,is ?is :y ,he has become ! sanctu>y (  
humanity8 ,i ?9k n4 ,we h = ! mom5t no  
good language = ! o!r conception ( ,him4
 ,he is inde$ ! pl$ge ( :at we may be1 b
 h[ _m ( u w\ld ev] believe t pl$ge     
unless !re 0 some?+ else 9 ,him1 m ?an  
we1 t gu>ante$ x8 ,:at1 z ,presid5t     
,tuck] asks1 is ?is p[] :i* %all make   

maybe into is = u8 ,)\t d\bt ! tr5d (   
mod]n ?\ght & fai? is t[>d ! m p]fect   
id5tification ( ,*ri/ ) humanity4 ,we _c
 ov]e/imate ! advantage to ,*ri/ianity (
 ?is t5d5cy4 ,! _w mu/ "k & feel !      
humanity ( ,jesus4 ,b x makes ! greate/ 
diff]5ce 9 result :e!r ! gr\nd ( !      
common humanity is 9 ,him or 9 u4 ,to   
borr[ ! expressive language ( ,paul1 0  
,he 'creat$' 9 u8 ,or are we 'creat$' 9 
,him8 ,grant ! "r ( ! affirmation t '!re
 is no diff]5ce 9 k9d betwe5 ! div9e & !
 human'2 all[ ! int]*ange ( t]ms s t "o 
may speak ( ! humanity ( ,god & !       
div9ity ( man2 appropriate ! motive :i* 
lies 9 ^! attempts to br+ ,god & man    
toge!r & ?us to expla9 ! p]sonality (   
,jesus ,*ri/1 x is /ill a matt] (       
inf9ite conc]n :e!r ,8 home is 9 ! high]
 or ! l[] regions ( div9ity4 ,aft] all1 
v little is ga9$ by ! transf] ( t]ms4   
,humanity is 9 no way satisfi$ ) its    
degree ( div9ity4 ,we are /ill z anxi\s 
z ev] to rise above ourselves & 9 ?is   
anxiety we want to "k conc]n+ our great 

help]1 :e!r ,he has 9 ,himself any?+ m  
?an ! possible increase ( a common      
humanity4 ,:at is ,8 p[] to lift & h[   
long may x la/8 ,%all we ev] rea* ,8    
level1 become z div9e z ,he1 or does ,he
 h "p 9 ! absolute & inf9ite8 ,?is "q   
may seem remote 9 result b x is ev]y?+ 9
 pr9ciple4 ,! imman5ce ( ,*ri/ has its  
pres5t mean+ & value because ( ,8       
transc5d5ce4#dj  ,footnote #dj3 ,!      
,satisfaction ( ,humanity 9 ,jesus      
,*ri/1 ,&ov] ,review1 ,janu>y1 #ahic4   
,prea*+ today is n mov+ on ! level ( ?is
 discussion1 is nei!r ask+ nor attempt+ 
to answ] its que/ions4 ,great prea*+ 9  
"s way makes m5 see ! end ( ! road1 n   
m]ely ! direction 9 :i* x travels4 ,!   
p[] to d t we h lo/ if we h lo/ !       
m-?an-u 9 ,jesus4 ,humanity1 unaid$1 _c 
look to t end :i* %all expla9 ! beg9n+4 
,& does ,jesus mean v mu* to u if ,he is
 only ,jesus8 ,:y d we answ] ! great    
invitation1 ,come unto me8 ,because ,he 
is some?+ o!r ?an u8 ,because ,he calls 
u away f ourselves8 back to home8 ,mo/ (

 u no long] "k h[ to prea* on t plane ( 
exp]i5ce or f ! po9t ( view :]e su*     
que/ions are s]i\s & real4 ,our fa!rs _h
 a _w view & a philosophy :i* made su*  
prea*+ easy4 ,b _! p[] did n lie 9 t _w 
view2 x lay 9 ?is vision ( ,jesus :i*   
produc$ ! view4 ,is n ?is ! vision :i*  
we ne$8     ,,*apt] ,,sev5  ,,wor%ip ,,z
 ,,! ,,*ief ,,approa* ,,to ,,transc5d5ce
   ,:atev] becomes ! inw>d & ! invisible
 grace ( ! ,*ri/ian community su* w be  
its outw>d & visible =m4 ,^? regulative 
ideas & *>act]i/ic emotions :i* det]m9e 
9 any age ! quality ( its religi\s      
exp]i5ce w be c]ta9 to %ape ! nature &  
conduct ( its ecclesia/ical assemblies4 
,_! influ5ce w %[1 bo? 9 ! liturgical & 
homiletical portions ( public wor%ip4   
,if any?+ fur!r 7 ne$$1 !re=e1 to       
indicate ! secul>ity ( ?is age1 its     
sub/itutes = wor%ip & its *>act]i/ic    
type ( prea*+ w\ld1 9 !mselves1 reveal !
 situation4 ,s we v5ture to devote ^!   
clos+ discussions to "s obs]vations on !
 pres5t /ate ( ,prote/ant public wor%ip 

& ! prevail+ type ( ,prote/ant prea*+4  
,= we may ?us asc]ta9 h[ f> ^? ideas &  
p]ceptions :i* an age l ours ne$s are   
beg9n+ to f9d an expression & :at means 
may be tak5 to increase _! influ5ce     
?r\gh *ur* s]vices 9 ! community4  ,we  
beg91 !n1 9 ?is *apt]1 n ) prea*+1 b )  
wor%ip4 ,x seems to me cle> t ! *ief    
(fice ( ! *ur* is liturgical r ?an      
homiletical4 ,or1 if t is too te*nical a
 /atem5t1 x may be said t ! *ur* exi/s  
to set =? & fo/] ! religi\s life & t1   
because ( ! nature ( t life1 x f9ds its 
*ief opportunity = s do+ 9 ! imag9ative 
r ?an ! rationaliz+ or practical areas (
 human expression4 ,ev5 z ,mi*ael       
,angelo1 at ! risk ( 8 life1 purlo9$    
dead bodies t he might dissect !m & le>n
 anatomy1 s all disciples ( ! art (     
religion ne$ ! discipl9e ( intellectual 
analysis & ( k ( ! facts ( ! religi\s   
exp]i5ce if !y are to be lead]s 9 fai?4 
,!re is a t\ghness ( fib] ne$$ 9        
religi\s p t c only come ?r\gh su* m5tal
 discipl9e4 ,b anatomi/s are n          

sculptors4 ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 ! g5ius1 ! 
creative arti/1 n because he und]/ood   
anatomy1 b *iefly because ( ^? z yet    
indef9able & secret processes ( feel+ & 
intuition 9 man1 :i* made him feel r ?an
 und]/& ! pity & ! t]ror1 ! maje/y & !  
pa?os ( ! human _s & reveal !m 9        
significant & expressive l9e4 ,k        
support$ r ?an rival$ insight4 ,9 ! same
 way1 bo? sa9t & s9n] ne$ religi\s      
in/ruction4 ,nev]!less !y are :at !y are
 because !y are fir/ p]ceptive r ?an    
reason+ be+s4 ,!y bo? owe1 ! "o 8       
salvation1 ! o!r 8 despair1 to ! fact t 
!y h se5 ! vision ( ! holy univ]se4 ,bo?
 are se]s2 ! sa9t has giv5 8 allegiance 
to ! heav5ly vision4 ,! s9n] has resolv$
 to be disob$i5t unto x4 ,bo? f9d _!    
fir/ & m natural approa* to religi\s    
tru?1 !re=e1 ?r\gh ! creative r ?an !   
critical processes1 ! emotional r ?an ! 
in=mative p[]s4  ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 _m 9
 our *ur*es :o w\ld diss5t f ?is op9ion4
 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ,prote/antism1 z (  
humanism 9 g5]al1 t x lays its *ief     

emphasis ^u ! intellig5ce4 ,if we g to  
*ur* to practice ! pres5ce ( ,god1 mu/  
we n fir/ "k :o & :at ?is ,god is ^:    
pres5ce ) u we are !re ask$ to realize8 
,s mo/ ,prote/ant s]vices are m         
in=mative ?an inspirational4 ,_!        
att5dants are assembl$ to he> ab\t ,god 
r to ta/e & see t ! ,"l is good4 ,!y    
analyze ! religi\s exp]i5ce r ?an enjoy 
x2 ins5sibly !y come to reg>d !         
spiritual life z a proposition to be    
prov$1 n a p[] to be appropriat$4 ,h5ce 
our s]vices g5]ally consi/ ( "s         
prelim9>y ex]cises1 z we ourselves call 
!m1 lead+ up to ! climax--:5 x is a     
climax--( ! s]mon4  ,"h is a major cause
 = ! decl5sion ( ! influ5ce ( ,prote/ant
 *ur* s]vices4 ,!y g too mu* on !       
assumption t m5 already possess religion
 & t !y come to *ur* to discuss x r ?an 
to h x provid$4 ,!y call m5 to be li/5]s
 r ?an p>ticipants 9 _! temples4 ,(     
c\rse1 "o may f9d ,god ?r\gh ! m9d4 ,!  
great s*ol>1 ! ma!matician or ! a/ronom]
 may cry ) ,kepl]1 ,behold1 ,i ?9k !    

?\ghts ( ,god aft] him6 ,yet a s]vice   
:i* places its *ief emphasis ^u ! appeal
 to ! w ?r\gh in/ruction has decl9$ f t 
realm ( ! absolutes :]e religion 9 its  
pure/ =m belongs4 ,= s9ce prea*+ makes  
its appeal *iefly ?r\gh reason1 x !reby 
attempts to produce only a p>tial &     
relative exp]i5ce 9 ! life ( ! li/5]4 ,x
 imp+es ^u ! w by a sl[ process4        
,sometimes "o gets s deadly we>y (      
prea*+ because1 9 a _w l ours1 !        
reasonable process is s unreasonable4   
,t's a half tru?1 ( c\rse1 b "o t !     
mod]n _w ne$s to le>n4  ,o!rs w\ld      
diss5t f our position by say+ t s]vice1 
! life ( good w1 is a suffici5t wor%ip4 
,! highe/ adoration is to visit ! wid[s 
& ! fa!rless 9 _! affliction4 ,labor>e  
e/ or>e4 ,:at we d speaks s l\d ,god    
does n c>e = :at we say4 ,true3 b !     
value ( :at we d = ,god dep5ds ^u !     
godl9ess ( ! do] & :]e %all he f9d t    
godl9ess save 9 ! secret place ( ! ,mo/ 
,high8 ,& ! greate/ gift we c give our  
fell[s is to br+ !m into ! div9e        

pres5ce4 ,!re is1 says ,dr4 ,william    
,adams ,br[n1 a s]vice t is direct$ to !
 satisfaction ( ne$s already 9 exi/5ce1 
& !re is a s]vice t is itself ! creator 
( new ne$s :i* enl>ge ! capacity ( ! man
 to :om x w\ld m9i/]4 ,to ?is l>g]      
s]vice religion is committ$1 & ! measure
 ( a man's fitness to r5d] x is 8       
capacity = wor%ip4 ,b no "o c give m ?an
 he has4 ,if we are to (f] su* gifts we 
mu/ ourselves g be=e & lead4 ,to create 
! atmosph]e 9 :i* ! ?+s ( righte\sness &
 hol9ess seem to be naturally exalt$    
above ! physical1 ! comm]cial1 ! dome/ic
 affairs ( m52 to lift ! level ( ?\ght &
 feel+ to t high place :]e ! spiritual  
consci\sness contributes its insights & 
f9ds a magnanim\s utt]ance--is !re any?+
 t our _w ne$s m8 ,!re are noble &      
necess>y m9i/ries to ! body & ! m9d1 b  
mo/ ne$$1 & lea/ (t5 (f]$1 !re is a     
m9i/ry to ! human _s4 ,?is is ! gift :i*
 ! wor%ip] c br+4 ,k ( ,god may n be    
m]ely or ev5 *iefly compreh5d$ 9 a      
concept ( ! intellig5ce2 k ( ,him is t  

vitaliz+ consci\sness ( ! ,pres5ce felt 
9 ! he>t1 :i* op5s our eyes t we may see
 t ! m\nta9 is full ( horses & *>iots ( 
fire r\nd ab\t u & t !y :o fight ) u are
 m ?an !y :o fight ) !m4 ,?is is ! true 
& c5tral k t private devotion & public  
wor%ip alone c give2 prea*+ c b cons]ve 
& transmit ?is religi\s exp]i5ce ?r\gh !
 m9d1 wor%ip creates x 9 ! he>t4 ,edw>ds
 und]/ood t nei!r ?\ght nor conduct c   
take its place4 ,! sob] p]=mance ( moral
 duty1 said he1 is no sub/itute =       
passionate devotion to a ,be+ ) its     
occasional mom5ts ( joy & exaltation4   
,we %\ld !n beg9 ) wor%ip4 ,a *ur* :i*  
does n emphasize x be=e ev]y?+ else is  
try+ to build ! /ructure ( a spiritual  
society ) ! corn] /one left out4 ,let u 
try1 fir/ ( all1 to def9e x4 ,an old &  
popul> def9ition ( ! descriptive sort   
says t wor%ip is ! response ( ! s\l to !
 consci\sness ( be+ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god4 
,a m mod]n def9ition1 analyz+ !         
psy*ology ( wor%ip1 def9es x z !        
unification ( consci\sness ar\nd !      

c5tral controll+ idea ( ,god1 ! prevail+
 emotional tone be+ t ( adoration4      
,evid5tly we mean1 !n1 by wor%ip !      
appeal to ! religi\s w ?r\gh feel+ & !  
imag9ation4 ,wor%ip is !re=e ess5tially 
creative4 ,e act ( wor%ip seeks to br+  
=? !n & !re a direct exp]i5ce ( ,god    
?r\gh high & conc5trat$ emotion4 ,x     
fixes ! att5tion ^u ,him z an object 9  
,himself supremely desirable4 ,! result 
( ?is unifi$ consci\sness is peace & !  
result ( ?is peace & h>mony is a new    
s5se ( p[]4 ,wor%ip1 !n1 is ! atta9m5t (
 t inw>d :ol5ess = :i* 9 "o =m or ano!r 
all religion /rives by means (          
contemplation4 ,s by its v nature x     
belongs to ! class ( ! absolutes4  ,_m  
psy*ologies ( religion def9e ?is        
contemplation z ae/hetic1 & make wor%ip 
a high] =m ( delight4 ,?is appe>s to me 
a q typical non-religi\s int]pretation (
 a religi\s exp]i5ce4 ,!re are f\r words
 :i* ne$ expla9+ :5 we talk ( wor%ip4   
,!y are3 wond]1 admiration1 awe1        
rev]5ce4 ,wond] spr+s f ! recognition ( 

! limitations ( our k2 x is an exp]i5ce 
( ! m9d4 ,admiration is ! response ( a  
gr[+ intellig5ce to beauty1 p>tly an    
ae/hetic1 p>tly an intellectual         
exp]i5ce4 ,^! di/9ctions ,col]idge _h 9 
m9d 9 8 well-kn[n s5t5ce ,9 wond] all   
philosophy began2 9 wond] x ends2 &     
admiration fills up ! int]space4 ,b !   
fir/ wond] is ! (fspr+ ( ignorance2 !   
la/ is ! p>5t ( adoration4 ,awe is !    
s5se-p]ception ( ! /up5d\s p[] &        
magnitude ( ! univ]se2 x is1 q lit]ally1
 a godly fe>4 ,b x is n ignoble nor     
cr++1 x is j & reasonable1 ! attitude1  
t[>d ! ,:ole1 ( a compreh5sive sanity4  
,?us ,i w\ld love ,!e1 ,o ,god1 if !re 7
 no heav51 & if !re 7 no hell1 ,i w\ld  
fe> ,!e no less4 ,rev]5ce is devotion to
 goodness1 s5se ( awe-/ruck loyalty to a
 ,be+ manife/ly "u ! influ5ce (         
pr9ciples high] ?an our own4#da ,n[ x is
 ) ^! la/ two1 awe & rev]5ce1 r ?an     
wond] & admiration1 t wor%ip has to d4  
,footnote #da3 ,= a discussion ( ^! f\r 
words see ,all51 ,rev]5ce z ! ,he>t (   

,*ri/ianity1 pp4 #bec ff4  ,h5ce !      
ess5ce ( wor%ip is n ae/hetic           
contemplation4 ,)\t d\bt wor%ip does    
gratify ! ae/hetic in/9ct & mo/ prop]ly 
s4 ,!re is no normal expression ( man's 
nature :i* has n its accompany+ delight4
 ,! high] & m inclusive ! expression ! m
 exquisite1 ( c\rse1 ! delight4 ,b t    
pleasure is ! by-product1 n ! object1 ( 
wor%ip4 ,x itself spr+s p>tly f ! awe ( 
! inf9ite & et]nal maje/y :i* induces ! 
desire to pro/rate oneself be=e ! ,"l   
our ,mak]4 ,i h he>d ( ,!e by ! he>+ ( !
 e>3 b n[ m9e eye see? ,!e4 ,:]e=e ,i   
abhor myself1 & rep5t 9 du/ & a%es4 ,x  
also spr+s p>tly f passionate devotion (
 a loyal w to a holy ,be+4 ,behold1 z ! 
eyes ( s]vants look unto ! h& ( _! ma/]s
 & z ! eyes ( a maid unto ! h& ( h]     
mi/ress2 s our eyes wait ^u ! ,"l4 ,?us 
rev]5ce is ! high & awe-/ruck hung] =   
spiritual communion4 ,my s\l ?ir/e? =   
,god1 = ! liv+ ,god4 ,:5 %all ,i come & 
appe> be=e ,god8  ,!re is a noble       
illu/ration ( ! nature & ! uses ( wor%ip

 9 ! ,j\rnals ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds1       
di/+ui%$ alumnus ( ,yale ,college1 & !  
greate/ m9d ?is hemisph]e has produc$4  
,y rememb] :at he wrote 9 !m1 z a y\?1  
ab\t ! "y woman :o lat] became 8 wife3  
,!y say !re is a "y lady 9 ,new ,hav5 :o
 is belov$ ( t great ,be+ :o made &     
rules ! _w1 & t !re are c]ta9 seasons 9 
:i* ?is great ,be+ 9 "s way or o!r      
invisible comes to h] & fills h] m9d )  
exce$+ sweet delight1 & t %e h>dly c>es 
= any?+ except to m$itate on ,him4      
,!re=e if y pres5t all ! _w be=e h]1 ) !
 ri*e/ ( its treasures1 %e disreg>ds &  
c>es n = x & is unm9dful ( any pa9 or   
affliction4 ,%e has a /range sweetness 9
 h] m9d1 & s+ul> purity 9 h] affections1
 is mo/ j & consci5ti\s 9 all h]        
conduct1 & y c\ld n p]suade h] to d     
any?+ wrong or s9ful if y w\ld give h]  
all ! _w1 le/ %e %\ld (f5d ?is great    
,be+4 ,%e is ( wond]ful calmness &      
univ]sal b5evol5ce ( m9d1 especially    
aft] ?is great ,god has manife/$        
,himself to h] m9d4 ,%e w sometimes g   

ab\t f place to place s++ sweetly &     
seems to be always full ( joy &         
pleasure1 & no "o kn[s = :at4 ,%e loves 
to be alone1 walk+ 9 ! fields & groves1 
& seems to h "s "o invisible always     
conv]s+ ) h]4  ,almo/ e elem5t ( wor%ip 
is conta9$ 9 ?is description4 ,fir/1 we 
h a "y human be+ emotionally consci\s ( 
! pres5ce ( ,god1 :o 9 "s way or o!r    
directly b invisibly comes to h]4       
,secondly1 we h h] att5tion s fix$ on ! 
adoration ( ,god t %e h>dly c>es = any?+
 except to m$itate ^u ,him4 ,?irdly1 z !
 result ( ?is wor%ipful approa* to      
religi\s reality1 we h ! pr(\nd peace & 
h>mony1 ! summum bonum ( exi/5ce1 c\pl$ 
) /rong moral purpose :i* *>act]ize h]  
life4 ,"h1 !n1 is evid5tly ! unification
 ( consci\sness 9 happy awe & ! control 
( de/9y ?r\gh m$itation ^u inf9ite      
matt]s1 t is1 ?r\gh rev]5t contemplation
 ( ,god4 ,is x n "o ( ^? ironies (      
hi/ory :]e) fate is =ev] mock+ & teas+ !
 human _s1 t ! gr&son ( ?is lady & (    
,jona?an ,edw>ds %\ld h be5 ,a>on ,burr8

  ,cle>ly1 !n1 ! end ( wor%ip is to     
pres5t to ! m9d1 ?r\gh ! imag9ation1 "o 
idea1 maje/ic & inclusive4 ,s x pres5ts 
x *iefly ?r\gh high & su/a9$ feel+4     
,wor%ip proce$s on ! und]/&+ t "o idea1 
rema9+ almo/ un*ang$ & hold+ ! att5tion 
= a consid]able l5g? ( "t1 s directs !  
emotional processes t ?\ght & action are
 h>moniz$ ) x4 ,if "o reads ! great     
pray]s ( ! c5turies !y indicate1 = ! mo/
 "p1 an unconsci\s und]/&+ ( ?is        
psy*ology ( wor%ip4 ,take1 = in/ance1   
?is noble pray] ( ,pusey's4  ,let me n  
seek out ( ,!e :at ,i c f9d only 9 ,!e1 
,o ,"l1 peace & re/ & joy & bliss1 :i*  
abide only 9 ?9e abid+ joy4 ,lift up my 
s\l above ! we>y r\nd ( h>ass+ ?\ghts1  
to ,?y et]nal pres5ce4 ,lift up my s\l  
to ! pure1 bright1 s]5e1 radiant        
atmosph]e ( ,?y pres5ce1 t !re ,i may   
brea! freely1 !re repose 9 ,?y love1 !re
 be at re/ f myself & f all ?+s t we>y  
me1 & !nce return array$ ) ,?y peace1 to
 d & be> :at %all please ,!e4  ,?is     
pray] expresses ! ess5ce ( wor%ip :i* is

 ! seek+1 ?r\gh ! fixation ( att5tion1 n
 ! delight b r ! peace & purity :i* c   
only be f\nd 9 ! consci\sness ( ,god4   
,?is peace is ! necess>y outcome ( !    
indwell+ pres5ce4 ,x ensues :5 man      
exp]i5ces ! radiant atmosph]e ( ! div9e 
communion4  ,! same cle> expression (   
wor%ip is f\nd 9 ano!r famili> & noble  
pray]1 t ( ,johann ,arndt4 ,"h1 too1 are
 phrases descriptive ( a unifi$         
consci\sness induc$ by rev]5t loyalty4  
,ah1 ,"l1 to :om all he>ts are op51 ,?\ 
can/ gov]n ! vessel ( my s\l f> bett]   
?an c ,i4 ,arise1 ,o ,"l1 & comm& !     
/ormy w9d & ! tr\bl$ sea ( my he>t to be
 /ill1 & at peace 9 ,!e1 t ,i may look  
up to ,!e undi/urb$ & abide 9 union )   
,!e1 my ,"l4 ,let me n be c>ri$ hi!r &  
?i!r by w&]+ ?\ghts1 b =gett+ all else  
let me see & he> ,!e4 ,r5ew my _s1 k9dle
 9 me ,?y light t x may %9e )9 me1 & my 
he>t burn 9 love & adoration = ,!e4 ,let
 ,?y ,holy ,_s dwell 9 me cont9ually1 & 
make me ,?y temple & sanctu>y1 & fill me
 ) div9e love & life & light1 ) dev\t & 

heav5ly ?\ghts1 ) com=t & /r5g?1 ) joy &
 peace4  ,?us "h "o sees 9 ! high       
contemplation ( a transc5d5t ,god !     
subdu+ & elevat+ ( ! human w1 !         
re/oration & composure ( ! moral life4  
,f9ally1 9 a pray] ( ,/4 ,anselm's !re  
is a sort ( analysis ( ! process (      
wor%ip4  ,o ,god1 ,?\ art life1 wisdom1 
tru?1 b\nty & bless$ness1 ! et]nal1 !   
only true ,good4 ,my ,god & my ,"l1 ,?\ 
art my hope & my he>t's joy4 ,i confess 
) ?anksgiv+ t ,?\ ha/ made me 9 ,?9e    
image1 t ,i may direct all my ?\ghts to 
,!e & love ,!e4 ,"l1 make me to "k ,!e  
aright t ,i may m & m love & enjoy &    
possess ,!e4  ,"o _c conclude ^!        
examples ( wor%ipful expression )\t     
quot+ a pray] ( ,augu/9e1 :i* is1 ,i    
suppose1 ! mo/ p]fect brief petition 9  
all ! ,*ri/ian lit]ature ( devotion &   
:i* gives ! great psy*ologi/'s p]ception
 ( ! v>i\s /eps 9 ! unification ( ! s\l 
) ! et]nal ,_s ?r\gh sublime emotion4   
,grant1 ,o ,god1 t we may desire ,!e1 & 
desir+ ,!e1 seek ,!e1 & seek+ ,!e1 f9d  

,!e1 & f9d+ ,!e1 be satisfi$ ) ,!e =ev]4
  ,i ?9k "o may see1 !n1 :y wor%ip z    
di/9ct f prea*+1 or ! he>+ ( prea*+1 is 
! fir/ necessity ( ! religi\s life4 ,x  
unites u z no?+ else c d ) ,god ! :ole &
 ,god ! transc5d5t4 ,! conception ( ,god
 is ! sum total ( human ne$s & desires  
h>moniz$1 unifi$1 concretely express$4  
,x is ! fai? ( ! wor%ip] t ?is concept  
is d]iv$ f a real & objective ,be+ 9 "s 
way correspond+ to x4 ,no "o c measure !
 influ5ce ( su* an idea :5 x dom9ates ! 
consci\sness ( any giv5 p]iod4 ,x c     
create & set go+ new desires & habits1 x
 c m9i% & repress old ones1 because ?is 
idea c>ries1 ) its transc5d5t           
conception1 ! dynamic quality :i*       
belongs to ! idea ( p]fect p[]4 ,b ?is  
transc5d5t conception1 be+ ess5tially ( 
some?+ beyond1 )\t & above ourselves c  
only be realiz$ ?r\gh ! feel+ & !       
imag9ation1 ^: prov9ce x is to deal ) ! 
sup]s5su\s values1 ) ! fr+es ( und]/&+1 
) ! f>!/ b\nds ( k4 ,^! make ! spr+bo>d1
 s to speak1 f :i* man d>es to laun*    

himself into t sea ( ! inf9ite1 :i* we c
 nei!r und]/& nor measure1 b :i*        
nev]!less we may p]ceive & feel1 :i* 9  
"s s5se we "k to be !re4  ,s1 if we deal
 fir/ ) wor%ip1 we are m]ely beg9n+ at !
 beg9n+ & />t+ at ! bottom4 ,&1 9 !     
light ( ?is obs]vation1 x is appall+ to 
survey ! non-liturgical *ur*es today &  
see ! place t public devotion holds 9   
!m4 ,x is n too mu*1 ,i ?9k1 to speak ( 
! collapse ( wor%ip 9 ,prote/ant        
communities4 ,no bett] evid5ce ( ?is ne$
 be s\ght ?an 9 ! nature ( ! pres5t     
attempts to re9/ate x4 ,!y h a navet1 an
 incongruity1 t c only be expla9$ on !  
assumption ( _! impov]i%$ backgr\nd4    
,?is situation %[s fir/ 9 ! het]og5e\s  
"* ( our exp]im5ts4 ,we are cont9ually  
pr9t+ on our *ur*es' cal5d>s :at we     
usually call programs1 b :i* are meant  
to be ord]s ( wor%ip4 ,we are also =ev] 
*ang+ !m4 ,!re is no?+ inevitable ab\t  
_! ord]2 !y h no intelligible1          
self-v]ify+ proc$ure4 ,an!ms are ins]t$ 
"h & !re )\t any s5se ( ! progression or

 ( ! psy*ology ( wor%ip4 ,glorias are   
sung sometimes ) ! congregation /&+ up &
 sometimes :ile !y are sitt+ d[n4 ,!re  
is no lection>y to det]m9e a            
compreh5sive & ord]ly read+ (           
,scripture1 n mu* sequ5ce ( ?\ght or    
progress ( devotion ei!r 9 ! read or !  
extempore pray]s4 ,!re is no uni=mity ( 
po/ure4 ,!re are two hi/oric attitudes (
 rev]5ce :5 m5 are address+ ! ,almighty4
 ,!y are ! /&+ ^u "o's feet or ! fall+  
^u "o's knees4 ,= ! mo/ "p we nei!r /&  
nor kneel2 we usually loll4 ,"s ( u     
compromise by b5d+ =w>d to ! limit+ (   
our brea? & ! discom=t ( our dige/ion4  
,x is too little inducive to physical   
ease or p]haps too d]ogatory to our     
dignity to kneel be=e ! ,"l our ,mak]4  
,all ?is seems too mu* l ! ef=ts ( ^? :o
 h =gott5 :at wor%ip really is & are    
try+ to f9d = x "s com=table or         
attractive sub/itute4  ,second3 we %[   
our inexp]i5ce by betray+ ! confusion ( 
ae/hetic & e?ical values z we /rive =   
v>iety & ent]ta9m5t 9 *ur* s]vices2 we  

build !m ar\nd wond] & admiration1 n    
ar\nd rev]5ce & awe4 ,b we are mi/ak5 if
 we suppose t m5 *iefly desire to be    
pleasantly ent]ta9$ or extraord9>ily    
delight$ :5 !y g into a *ur*4 ,!y g !re 
because !y desire to ent] a ,holy       
,pres5ce2 !y want to approa* ,"o be=e   
:om !y c be /ill & "k t ,he is ,god4    
,all enri*m5ts ( a s]vice inject$ into x
 "h & !re1 design$ to make x m          
attractive1 to add color & v>iety1 to   
arre/ ! att5tion ( ! s5ses are1 z ends1 
beside ! po9t1 & our dep5d5ce ^u !m     
indicates ! unhappy /ate ( wor%ip 9 our 
day4 ,t we d ?us make our pr(essional   
music an end 9 itself is evid5t f our   
blatant way ( adv]tis+ x4 ,9 ! same way 
we adv]tise s]mon !mes1 usually int5d$  
to />tle ! pi\s & provoke ! ungodly4 ,we
 want to ar\se curiosity1 social or     
political int]e/1 to a*ieve "s secul>   
reaction4 ,we don't adv]tise t tomorr[ 9
 our *ur* !re is to be a public wor%ip (
 ,god1 & t ev]y?+ t we are go+ to d w be
 9 ! awe-/ruck s5se t ,he is !re4 ,we   

are afraid t nobody w\ld come if we     
m]ely did t6  ,:at infidels we are6 ,:y 
are we surpris$ t ! _w is pass+ u by8   
,we say & we s+ a great _m ?+s :i* x is 
incr$ible to suppose we w\ld address to 
,god if we really ?\ght ,he 7 pres5t4   
,yet an!ms & congregational s++ are ei!r
 a sacrifice solemnly & joy\sly (f]$ to 
,god or else all ! s++ is less1 & worse1
 ?an no?+ 9 a *ur* s]vice4 ,b h[ (t5    
s5tim5tal & re/less music1 mak+ n =     
re/ra9t & rev]5ce1 n = ! subdu+ ( m9d & 
he>t b = ! expression ( ^? expansive &  
egoti/ical moods :i* are ( ! ess5ce (   
romantic s++1 is :at we employ4 ,!re is 
a great deal ( truly religi\s music1    
au/]e 9 tone1 brea?+ re/ra9t & rev]5ce1 
quietly writt54 ,! an!ms ( ,pale/r9a1   
,an]io1 ,viadana1 ,vittoria among !     
,italians2 ( ,ba*1 ,haydn1 ,h&el1 ,moz>t
 among ! ,g]mans2 & ( ,tallis1 ,gibbons 
& ,purcell among ! ,engli%1 are all ( ! 
truly dev\t ord]4 ,yet h[ seldom are !  
works ( su* m5 he>d 9 our *ur*es1 ev5   
:]e !y employ pr(essional s+]s at       

sub/antial sal>ies4 ,we are ev]y:]e n[  
try+ to give our *ur*es spl5did &       
impressive physical accessories1 mak+ ! 
ar*itecture m & m /ately & ! pews m & m 
com=table6 ,?us we attempt an amalgam ( 
a m$iaeval h\se ( wor%ip ) an ,am]ican  
dome/ic int]ior1 ador+ ,god at our ease1
 wor%ip+ ,him 9 arm*airs1 (f]+          
pro/ration ( ! _s1 s f> z x c be a*iev$ 
along ) indol5ce ( ! body4  ,s we       
adv]tise & conc]tize & h silv] vases &  
co/ly fl[]s & conv5tional ecclesia/ical 
furniture4 ,b we /ill hold a            
small-&-e>ly 9 ! ve/ibule be=e s]vice & 
a five o'clock 9 ! *apel aft]w>d4       
,sunday morn+ *ur* is a ?is-_w function 
) a pietiz$ gossip & a decor\s sort (   
sociable ) an intellectual fillip ?r[n  
94 ,?us we try to make our s]vices      
attractive to ! secul> in/9cts1 !       
non-religi\s ?+s1 9 man's nature4 ,we   
try to get him into ! *ur* by say+1 ,y w
 f9d "h :at y f9d else:]e4 ,x's r       
illogical4 ,! *ur* /&s = some?+ diff]5t4
 ,we say1 ,y w l to come & be "o ( u    

because we are n diff]5t4 ,! answ] is1  
,i c get ! ?+s ( ?is _w bett] 9 ! _w1   
:]e !y belong1 ?an ) y4 ,?us we h       
naturaliz$ our v (fices ( devotion6     
,h5ce ! attempts to revive wor%ip are   
incongru\s & inconsi/5t4 ,h5ce !y h t   
s5tim5tal & accid5tal "* :i* is ! sign (
 ! amateur4 ,!y d n br+ u v ne> to !    
heav5ly c\ntry4 ,x might be well to     
rememb] t ! s]vant ( ,jahweh do? n cry  
nor lift up 8 voice nor cause x to be   
he>d 9 ! /reets4  ,n[1 !re are _m       
reasons = ?is anomal\s situation4 ,"o ( 
!m is our inh]itance ( a deep-root$     
,puritan di/ru/ ( a liturgical s]vice4  
,t di/ru/ is today a feti% & !re=e mu* m
 pot5t t x 0 :5 x 0 a reason4           
,puritanism 0 born 9 ! ,re=mation2 x    
came out f ! ,roman *ur*1 :]e wor%ip 0  
reg>d$ z an end 9 itself4 ,to ,ca?olic  
believ]s wor%ip is a contribution to    
,god1 pleas+ to ,him ap>t f any effect x
 may h on ! wor%ip]4 ,su* a !ory ( x is1
 ( c\rse1 op5 to grave abuse4 ,sometimes
 x l$ to indiff]5ce z to ! effect ( !   

wor%ip ^u ! moral "* ( ! communicant1 s 
t wor%ip c\ld be us$1 n to conqu] evil1 
b to make up = x1 & ?us s9 became z safe
 z x 0 easy4 ,inevitably also su* a !ory
 ( wor%ip (t5 deg5]at$ into an utt]     
=malism :i* made hyprocrisy & unreality 
pat5t1 until ! hoc e/ corpus ( ! mass   
became ! hocus-pocus ( ! sc(f]4  ,"h is 
a reason1 once valid because moral1 =   
our pres5t situation4 ,yet x mu/ be     
confess$ t aga91 z s (t51 we are do+ :at
 ! ,g]mans call ?r[+ out ! baby ) ! ba?1
 namely1 repudiat+ a defect or !        
p]v]sion ( an excell5ce &1 9 s do+1 ?r[+
 away t excell5ce itself4 ,x is cle> t  
no ,prote/ant is ev] tempt$ today to    
consid] wor%ip z its own reason & its   
own end4 ,we are1 9 a s5se1 utilit>ian  
rituali/s4 ,wor%ip to u is z valuable z 
x is valid because x is ! *ief av5ue (  
spiritual insight1 a *ief means ( awak5+
 p5it5ce1 obta9+ =giv5ess1 gr[+ 9 grace 
& love4 ,^! are ! ultimates2 ^! are     
pleas+ to ,god4  ,a second reason1      
h[ev]1 = our situation is n e?ical &    

ess5tial1 b economic & accid5tal4 ,our  
fa!rs' communities 7 a sl5d] *a9 (      
fronti] settlem5ts1 sep>at$ f an anci5t 
civilization by an unkn[n & dang]\s sea 
on ! "o h&1 m5ac$ by all ! p]ils ( a    
virg9 wild]ness ^u ! o!r4 ,all _! life 0
 simple to ! po9t ( b>5ess2 au/]e1 r$uc$
 to ! mo/ elem5tal necessities4         
,inevitably ! ord] ( _! wor%ip          
correspond$ to ! ord] ( _! society4 ,x  
is c]ta91 ,i ?9k1 t ! :ite meet+-h\se ) 
its nak$ dignity1 ! old s]vice ) its    
h]oic simplicity1 convey$ to ! primitive
 society :i* produc$ !m elem5ts bo? (   
high =mality & consci\s rev]5ce :i* !y  
c\ld n possibly (f] to our luxuri\s1    
sophi/icat$ & weal?y age4  ,is x n a    
dang]\s ?+ to h br\ght an ev] increas+  
=mality & recognition ( a develop$ &    
sophi/icat$ community into our social & 
intellectual life b to h all[$ our      
religi\s expression to rema9 s          
ana*roni/ic8 ,l>gely = social & economic
 reasons we s5d mo/ ( our "y m5 & "y    
wom5 to college4 ,!re we delib]ately    

cultivate 9 !m ! p]ception ( beauty1 !  
s5se ( =m1 v>i\s expressions ( !        
imag9ative life4 ,b h[ mu* has our      
av]age non-liturgical s]vice to (f] to  
_! critically tra9$ p]ceptions8 ,our    
*ur* habits are pretty l>gely ! transf] 
into ! sanctu>y ( ! he>ty conv5tions (  
middle-class family life4 ,! relations 9
 life :i* are preci\s to su* y\?1 !     
intimate1 ! my/ical & subtle ones1 get  
small recognition or expression4 ,a     
hundr$ ag5cies outside ! *ur* are       
/imulat+ 9 ! be/ boys & girls ( ! pres5t
 g5]ation f9e s5sibilities1 critical    
/&>ds1 ! high] hung]s4 ,our s]vices1    
*iefly in/ructive & didactic1 in=mal &  
easy 9 "*1 irritate !m & make !m feel l 
trucul5t or uncom=table misfits4  ,a    
?ird reason = ! lack ( corporate or     
public (fices ( devotion 9 our s]vices  
lies 9 ! intellectual "* ( ! ,prote/ant 
c5turies4 ,we h se5 h[ !y h be5 c5turies
 ( individualism4 ,"* has be5 conceiv$ (
 z l>gely a p]sonal affair express$ 9   
p]sonal relation%ips4 ,! believ] 0 l    

,*ri/ian 9 ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's         
,progress4 ,he />t$ = ! ,heav5ly ,c\ntry
 because he 0 det]m9$ to save 8 own s\l4
 ,:5 he realiz$ t he 0 liv+ 9 ! ,city ( 
,de/ruction x did n occur to him t1 z a 
good man1 he mu/ id5tify 8 fate ) x4 ,on
 ! contr>y1 he des]t$ wife & *ildr5 )   
all possible exp$ition & got him out &  
w5t along ?r\gh ! ,sl\gh ( ,despond1 up 
to ! n>r[ gate1 to />t on ! way ( life4 
,x 0 a *ief glory ( m$iaeval society t x
 0 bas$ ^u corporate relation%ips4 ,its 
ca!drals 7 possible because !y 7 !      
common h\se ( ,god = e elem5t ( !       
community4 ,family & class & /ate 7     
dom9ant factors !n4 ,b we h se5 h[1 9 ! 
,r5aissance & ! ,romantic ,movem5t1     
individualism supplant$ ^! values4 ,n[1 
,prote/antism 0 contempor>y ) t new     
movem5t1 inde$1 a "p ( x4 ,its gr[+     
egotism & ! colossal egotism ( ! mod]n  
_w =m a prime cause = ! impov]i%m5t (   
wor%ip 9 ,prote/ant *ur*es4  ,& s ?is   
br+s u1 !n1 to ! real reason = our      
devotional impot5ce1 ! "o to :i* we     

ref]r$ 9 ! op5+ s5t5ces ( ! *apt]4 ,x is
 ess5tially due to ! "* ( ! regulative  
ideas ( our age4 ,x lies 9 t _w view ^: 
expressions 9 lit]ature1 philosophy &   
social organizations we h be5 review+ 9 
^! pages4 ,! p>tial notion ( ,god :i*   
our age has unconsci\sly made !         
sub/itute = a compreh5sive und]/&+ (    
,him is ess5tially to blame4 ,= s9ce !  
contempor>y doctr9e is ( ,8 imman5ce1 x 
!re=e foll[s t x is *iefly ?r\gh        
obs]vation ( ! natural _w & by          
int]pretation ( contempor>y ev5ts t m5 w
 approa* ,him if !y come to ,him at all4
 ,moreov]1 our humanism1 9 emphasiz+ !  
individual & exalt+ 8 self-suffici5cy1  
has s f> made ! mood ( wor%ip ali5 & !  
ne$ ( x sup]flu\s4 ,! ov]emphasis ^u    
prea*+1 ! g5]al passion ( ?is g5]ation =
 talk & !n m talk1 & !n endless talk1 is
 p]fectly intelligible 9 view ( !       
regulative ideas ( ?is g5]ation4 ,x     
seeks its und]/&+ ( ! _w *iefly 9 t]ms (
 natural & tangible ph5om5a & *iefly by 
means ei!r ( critical obs]vation or (   

analytic reason+4 ,h5ce prea*+1         
especially t sort :i* looks = ! div9e   
pr9ciple 9 contempor>y ev5ts1 has be5 to
 ! =e4 ,b wor%ip1 :i* f9ds ! div9e      
pr9ciple 9 some?+ m & o!r ?an           
contempor>y ev5ts--:i* inde$ does n look
 outw>d to ev5ts at all--has be5 ?r[n   
into ! backgr\nd4  ,x seems to me cle>1 
!n1 t if we are to emphasize !          
transc5d5t elem5ts 9 religion2 if !y    
repres5t1 z we h be5 cont5d+1 ! c5tral  
elem5ts ( ! religi\s exp]i5ce1 its      
creative factors1 !n ! revival ( wor%ip 
w be a prime /ep 9 creat+ a m truly     
spiritual society4 ,i am conv9c$ t a    
homiliz+ *ur* belongs to a secul>iz+    
age4 ,"o _c =get t ! ultimate1 ,i d n   
say ! only1 reason = ! f\nd+ ( !        
non-liturgical *ur*es 0 ! rise (        
humanism4 ,"o _c fail to see !          
connection betwe5 humani/ic doctr9e &   
morali/ic prea*+1 or betwe5 ! naturalism
 ( ! mom5t & ! me*anicaliz+ ( ! *ur*4 ,!
 ,*ri/ian congregation1 said ,lu!r1 *ild
 ( ! humani/ic movem5t1 %\ld nev]       

assemble except ! ^w ( ,god be prea*$4  
,9 o!r c\ntries1 says old ,isaac        
,taylor1 ! bell calls p to wor%ip2 9    
,scotl& x calls !m to a prea*m5t4 ,& "o 
rememb]s ! ju/ice ( ,*>les ,k+sley's fl+
 at ! ,diss5t]s t !y 7 creatures :o w5t 
to *ur* to he> s]mons6 ,x w\ld seem     
evid5t1 !n1 t a r5ewal ( wor%ip w\ld be 
! logical accompanim5t ( a return to    
di/9ctly religi\s values 9 society &    
*ur*4  ,:at c we d1 !n1 bett] = an age (
 paganism ?an to cultivate ?is          
transc5d5t consci\sness8 ,direct m5 away
 f ,god ! univ]sal & imp]sonal to ,god !
 p>ticul> & intimate4 ,no?+ is m ne$$ = 
our age ?an to insi/ ^u ! tru? t !re are
 bo? common & uncommon1 bo? secul> &    
sacr$ worlds2 t ^! are n contradictory2 
t !y are complem5t>y2 t !y are n        
id5tical4 ,x is ! *ur*'s bus9ess to     
insi/ t m5 mu/ live 9 ! _w ( ! sacr$1 ! 
uncommon1 ! p>ticul>1 9 ord] to be able 
to surm\nt & endure ! secul>1 ! common &
 ! univ]sal4 ,x is h] bus9ess to insi/ t
 ?r\gh wor%ip all ?is c be accompli%$4  

,b c wor%ip be taught8 ,is n ! devotee1 
l ! poet or ! lov] or any o!r g5ius1    
born & n made8 ,well1 :e!r x c be taught
 or n1 x at lea/ c be cultivat$ &       
develop$1 & !re are ?ree v practical    
ways 9 :i* ?is cultivation c be br\ght  
ab\t4  ,"o ( !m is by pay+ intellig5t   
att5tion to ! physical surr\nd+s ( !    
wor%ip]4 ,! assembly room = wor%ip      
obvi\sly %\ld n be us$ = o!r purposes2  
all its sugge/ions & associations %\ld  
be ( "o sort & t sort ! highe/4 ,q aside
 f ! "q ( ta/e1 x is psy*ologically     
indef5sible to use ! same build+1 &     
especially ! same room 9 ! build+1 =    
conc]ts1 = picture %[s1 = wor%ip4 ,"h we
 at once create a di/ract$ consci\sness2
 we dissipate att5tion2 we delib]ately  
make x h>d] = m5 & wom5 to focus ^u "o1 
& t ! mo/ difficult1 if ! mo/ preci\s1  
mood4  ,= ! same reason1 ! physical =m (
 ! room %\ld be "o t does n sugge/ ei!r 
! conc]t hall or ! playh\se1 b sugge/s r
 a long & unbrok5 ecclesia/ical         
tradition4 ,until ! c9ema 0 introduc$   

into wor%ip1 we 7 va/ly improv+ 9 ^!    
respects1 b n[ we are turn+ ! morn+     
temple into an ev5+ %[h\se4 ,i ?9k we   
ev9ce a mo/ imp]t95t famili>ity ) ! h\se
 ( ,god6 ,& too (t5 ! *ur* is plann$ s t
 x has no privacies or recesses1 b a    
hide\s publicity p]vades its e "p4 ,we  
adorn x ) /5cil$ frescoes ( ! same      
patt]ns :i* we see 9 hotel lobbies &    
clubs2 we hang up maps beh9d ! read+    
desk2 we clutt] up its plat=m ) gr&     
pianos4  ,x is a m]e matt] ( good ta/e &
 good psy*ology to beg9 our prep>ation =
 a m9i/ry ( wor%ip by *ang+ all ?is4    
,!re %\ld be no?+ 9 color or ornam5t :i*
 ar\ses ! re/less mood or di/racts !    
eye4 ,sev]e & simple walls1 re/ra9$ &   
dev\t figures 9 glass w9d[s1 are only to
 be tol]at$4 ,descriptive w9d[s1        
attempt+ 9 a mo/ untractable m$ium a    
sort ( nave realism1 are equally an     
ae/hetic & an ecclesia/ical (f5se4      
,figures ( sa9ts or great religi\s      
p]sonages %\ld be typical1 imp]sonal1   
symbolic1 n too mu* l ?is _w & ! ?+s (  

x4 ,!re is a :ole s*ool ( mod]n w9d[    
glass di/+ui%$ by its opul5ce & its     
realism4 ,x ought to be bani%$ f h\ses (
 wor%ip4 ,s9ce x is ! object ( wor%ip to
 fix ! att5tion ^u "o ?+ & t ?+ !       
highe/1 ! room :]e wor%ip is held %\ld h
 its own c5tral object4 ,x may be !     
,bible1 idealiz$ z ! ^w ( ,god2 x may be
 ! alt> on :i* /&s ! ,cross ( ! et]nal  
sacrifice4 ,b no *ur* ought to be )\t "o
 fix$ po9t to :i* ! eye ( ! body is     
ins5sibly drawn1 !reby mak+ x easi] to  
foll[ x ) ! att5tion ( ! m9d & ! wi%es (
 ! he>t4 ,at ! be/1 our ,prote/ant      
ecclesia/ical build+s are all empty6    
,!re are meet+-h\ses1 n temples assembly
 rooms1 n %r9es4 ,!re is app>5tly no    
s5se 9 :i* we are will+ to ackn[l$ge t !
 ,pres5ce is on _! alt>4 ,b at lea/ !   
att5tion ( ! wor%ip] )9 !m may focus    
ar\nd "s symbol ( t ,pres5ce1 may be    
fix$ on "s outw>d sign :i* w help !     
inw>d grace4  ,b second3 our *ief conc]n
 naturally mu/ be ) ! cont5t ( ! s]vice 
( wor%ip itself1 n ) its physical       

surr\nd+s4 ,& "h !n are two ?+s :i* may 
be said4 ,fir/1 any =mal ord] ( wor%ip  
%\ld be hi/oric2 x %\ld h its roots deep
 9 ! pa/2 :atev] else is true ( a s]vice
 ( wor%ip x ought n to sugge/ t x has   
be5 unc\pl$ f ! re/ ( "t & all[$ to run 
wild4 ,n[1 ?is means t an ord] ( wor%ip1
 bas+ itself on ! devotion ( ! ages1 w  
use to "s ext5t _! =ms4 ,i d n see h[   
anyone w\ld wi% to und]take to lead !   
same company ( p week by week 9 div9e   
wor%ip )\t avail+ himself ( ! help (    
writt5 pray]s1 great litanies1 to /r5g!n
 & complem5t ! spontane\s (fices (      
devotion4 ,!re is some?+ almo/ incr$ible
 to me 9 ! assumption t "o man c1       
suppos$ly unaid$1 lead a congregation 9 
! emotional expression ( its deepe/ life
 & desires )\t any assi/ance f ! great  
sacram5t>ies & liturgies ( ! pa/4       
,*ri/ian lit]ature is ri* ) a great body
 ( collects1 ?anksgiv+s1 confessions1   
v>i\s special petitions1 :i* ga!r up !  
love & te>s1 ! vision & ! angui% ( _m   
g5]ations4 ,^!1 ) _! phrases made       

unspeakably preci\s ) immemorial        
association1 ) _! subtle fitt+ ( phrase 
to insight1 ( expression to ne$1 born ( 
long c5turies ( exp]im5t & aspiration1 c
 d = a congregation :at no man alone c  
ev] hope to accompli%4 ,! well ( human  
ne$s & desires is s deep t1 )\t ^! aids1
 we h n mu* to draw )1 no plummet :]e)  
to s\nd its d>k & hidd5 dep?s4  ,i d\bt 
if we c ov]e/imate ! importance ( giv+  
?is s5se ( cont9uity 9 petitions1 ( l9k+
 up ! pray] ( ! mom5t & ! wor%ip ( ! day
 ) ! :ole ageless process s t x seems a 
"p ( t volume ( human life =ev] asc5d+  
unto ! et]nal _s1 j z ! gray plume (    
smoke f ! sacrifice ev] curl$ upw>d     
morn+ by morn+ & night by night f ! alt>
 ( ! temple "u ! blue ,syrian sky4 ,we  
_c easily give ?is s5se ( cont9uity1 ?is
 pre/ige ( antiquity1 ?is re/+ back on a
 great body ( exp]i5ce1 unless we "k &  
use ! language & ! phrases ( our fa!rs4 
,x is to ! ,god :o ha? be5 our dwell+   
place 9 all g5]ations1 t we pray2 to    
,him :o 9 days ( old 0 a pill> ( cl\d by

 day & ( fire by night to ,8 fai?ful    
*ildr52 to ! ,"o :o is ! ,anci5t (      
,days1 ,inf9ite ,wat*] ( ! sons ( m54   
,only by acqua9tance ) ! phrases1 !     
petitions ( ! pa/1 & only by a lib]al   
use ( !m c we give backgr\nd & dignity1 
or any?+ approa*+ v>iety & complet5ess1 
to our own public expression &          
int]pretation ( ! devotional life4 ,if  
anyone objects to ?is use ( =mal pray]s 
on ! gr\nd ( _! =mality1 let him rememb]
 t we1 too1 are =mal1 only we1 alas1 h  
made a cult ( =mlessness4 ,x w\ld       
surprise ! av]age m9i/] to "k !         
well-worn road :i* 8 suppos$ly          
spontane\s & extempore devotions foll[4 
,phrase aft] phrase foll[+ 9 ! same ord]
 ( ideas1 & ) ! same pitiably limit$    
vocabul>y1 appe> week by week 9 !m4 ,h[ 
mu* bett] to enri* ?is pa9fully         
individuali/ic =malism ) some?+ ( !     
corporate glories ( ! :ole body (       
,*ri/ian believ]s4  ,b1 second3 !re %\ld
 be also ! pr9ciple ( imm$iacy 9 !      
s]vice1 room = ! expression ( individual

 ne$s & desires & = ref]5ce to !        
imm$iate & local circum/ances ( !       
believ]4 ,a *ur* 9 :i* !re is no        
spontane\s & extempore pray]1 :i* only  
h>k$ backw>d to ! pa/1 might build !    
tombs ( ! prophets b x might also /ifle 
new voices = a new age4 ,b extempore    
pray] %\ld n be impromptu pray]4 ,x %\ld
 h coh]5ce1 dignity1 progression4 ,! _s 
%\ld h be5 humbly & pa9/ak+ly prep>$ = x
 s t s9c]e & ard5t feel+ may w+ &       
vitalize its words4 ,! great pray]s ( ! 
ages1 kn[n ( all ! wor%ip]s1 p]haps     
repeat$ by !m all toge!r1 tie 9 !       
individual s\l to ! great mass (        
humanity & x moves on1 ) its fell[s1    
t[>d salvation z maje/ically & /eadily z
 great riv]s fl[4 ,! extempore & sil5t  
pray]1 n unprem$itat$ b /ill ! un=m$    
outp\r+ ( ! individual he>t1 gives ea*  
man ! consci\sness ( /&+ nak$ & alone   
be=e 8 ,god4 ,bo? ^!1 ! corporate & !   
sep>ate elem5ts ( wor%ips are vital2 !re
 %\ld be a place = ea* 9 e true ord] (  
wor%ip4  ,b1 ( c\rse1 ! f9al ?+ to say  

is ! fir/ ?+4 ,:atev] may be ! means t  
wor%ip employs1 its purpose mu/ be to   
make & keep ! *ur* a place ( repose1 to 
induce con/antly ! life ( rel9qui%m5t to
 ,god1 ( rev]5ce & m$itation4 ,& ?is x w
 d z x seeks to draw m5 up to ! o!rness1
 ! maje/y1 ! alo(ness1 ! transc5d5ce ( !
 ,almighty4 ,to ?is end ,i w\ld use     
:atev] outw>d aids "t & exp]i5ce h %[n w
 /r5g!n & deep5 ! spiritual und]/&+4 ,i 
%\ld n fe> to use ! cross1 ! sacram5ts1 
! kneel+ po/ure1 ! great picture1 !     
c>v+1 ! recitation ( pray]s & hymns1 n  
alone to int5sify ?is s5se 9 ! believ] b
 equally to create x 9 ! non-believ]4 ,!
 ext]nal _w m\lds ! int]nal1 ev5 z !    
int]nal makes ! ext]nal4 ,if ^! ?+s mean
 little 9 ! beg9n+1 !re is /ill tru? 9 !
 ass]tion ( ! devotee t if y practice !m
 !y w beg9 to mean some?+ to y4 ,?is is 
n m]ely t a mean+ w be self-induc$4 ,x  
is m ?an t4 ,!y w put u 9 ! volitional  
attitude1 ! emotional mood1 :]e ! mean+ 
is able to p5etrate4 ,j z all ! _w      
ackn[l$ges t !re is an ess5tial         

connection betwe5 good mann]s & good    
morals1 betwe5 milit>y discipl9e &      
physical c\rage1 s !re is a connection  
betwe5 a devotional s]vice & ! gifts ( !
 spiritual life4 ,su* a s]vice n m]ely  
/r5g!ns belief 9 ! ,high & ,holy ,"o1 x 
has a real (fice 9 creat+1 9 mak+       
possible1 t belief itself4  ,we %all sum
 x all up if we say 9 "o ^w t ! (fices (
 devotion emphasize ! cosmic "* (       
religion4 ,!y take u out ( ! _w ( moral 
!ism into ! _w ( a univ]sal !ism4 ,!y   
draw u away f religion 9 action to      
religion 9 itself2 !y give u1 n ! ,god (
 ?is _w1 b ! ,god :o is f ev]la/+ to    
ev]la/+1 to :om a ?\s& ye>s are b z     
ye/]day :5 x is pa/ & z a wat* 9 !      
night4 ,?us !y help u to make =         
ourselves an int]ior refuge into ^:     
prec9cts no eye may look1 into ^: life  
no o!r s\l may v5ture4 ,9 t refuge we c 
be /ill & "k t ,he is ,god4 ,!re we c   
eat ! meat :i* ! _w kn[e? n (1 !re h    
peace ) ,him4 ,x is 9 ^! c5tral         
solitudes1 induc$ by wor%ip1 t ! vision 

is cl>ifi$1 ! p]spective correct$1 !    
vital =ces re*>g$4 ,^? :o possess !m are
 transmitt]s ( su* heav5ly messages2 !y 
issue f !m z riv]s p\r f undim9i%$      
m\nta9 /reams4 ,does ! _w's s9 & pa9 &  
weakness come & empty itself into !     
broad curr5t ( ^! dev\t lives8 ,!n _!   
fe>less onsweep+ =ces ga!r x all up1    
c>ry x on1 cleanse & purify x 9 !       
process4 ,ov] su* lives ! ?+s ( ?is _w h
 no p[]4 ,!y are kept secretly f !m all 
9 ,8 pavilion :]e !re is no /rife (     
tongues4     ,,*apt] ,,eight  ,,wor%ip  
,,& ,,! ,,discipl9e ,,( ,,doctr9e   ,if 
"o 7 to ask any s]mon-ta/] ( our        
g5]ation :at is ! prevail+ type (       
disc\rse among ! bett]-kn[n prea*]s ( ! 
day1 he w\ld probably answ]1 ,!         
expository4 ,expository prea*+ has _h a 
notable revival 9 ! la/ ?ree decades1   
especially among lib]al prea*]s2 t is1  
among ^? :o l ourselves h disc>d$       
s*ola/ic !ologies1 turn$ to ! e?ical    
aspects ( religion = our *ief int]e/s & 
accept$ ! mod]n view ( ! ,bible4 ,to be 

sure1 x is n ! same sort ( expository   
prea*+ :i* made ! ,scotti% pulpit ( !   
n9ete5? c5tury fam\s4 ,x is n ! detail$ 
exposition ( ea* ^w & clause1 almo/ (   
ea* comma1 :i* m>ks ! m+l$ insight &    
lit]alism ( a ,*alm]s1 an ,alex&]       
,macl>51 a ,taylor ( ! ,broadway        
,tab]nacle4 ,= t assum$ a v]bally       
inspir$ & h5ce an in]rant ,scripture2 x 
dealt ) ! lit]ature ( ! ,old & ,new     
,te/am5ts z be+ div9e revelations4 ,!   
new expository prea*+ proce$s f almo/ an
 opposite po9t ( view4 ,x deals ) ?is   
lit]ature z be+ a transcript ( human    
exp]i5ce4 ,its me?od is direct & simple 
&1 )9 %>p limits1 v effective4 ,!       
introduction to "o ( ^! mod]n expository
 s]mons w\ld run ab\t z foll[s3  ,i     
suppose t :at has giv5 to ! ,old & ,new 
,te/am5t ,scriptures _! endur+ hold ov] 
! m9ds & consci5ces ( m5 has be5 _!     
extraord9>y humanity4 ,!y conta9 s _m   
vivid & accurate recitals ( typical     
human exp]i5ce1 portray$ ) self-v]ify+  
insight & int]pret$ ) consummate und]/&+

 ( ! issues ( ! he>t4 ,& s9ce x is true1
 z ,goe! said1 ',t :ile mank9d is always
 progress+ man himself rema9s ev] !     
same1' & we are n ess5tially diff]5t f !
 folk :o liv$ a hundr$ g5]ations ago "u 
! sunny ,pale/9ian sky1 we read ^!      
anci5t tales & f9d 9 !m a mirror :i*    
reflects ! l9eam5ts ( our own "t4 ,=    
in/ance1444  ,!n ! s]moniz] proce$s to  
relate "s fam\s ,bible /ory1 resolv+ its
 nave ,semitic !ophanies1 its pictorial 
n>ration1 its primitive morality1 into !
 t]ms ( contempor>y e?ical or political 
or economic pr9ciples4 ,take1 = in/ance1
 ! acc\nt ( ! miracle ( ,moses & !      
,burn+ ,bu%4 ,! prea*] w po9t out t     
,moses saw a bu% t burn$ & burn$ & t1   
unlike mo/ furze bu%es ( ^? upl& pa/ures
 :i* 7 ignit$ by ! hot ,syrian sun1 0 n 
consum$4 ,x 0 ?is endur+ quality ( ! bu%
 t int]e/$ him4 ,?us ,moses %[$ ! fir/  
*>act]i/ic ( g5ius1 namely1 capacity =  
accurate & discrim9at+ obs]vation4 ,& he
 c\pl$ ?is ) ! sci5tific habit ( m9d4 ,=
 he said1 ,i w n[ turn aside & see :y6  

,?us did he propose to pi]ce beh9d !    
ev5t to ! cause ( ! ev5t1 beh9d !       
movem5t to ! pr9ciple ( ! movem5t4 ,:at 
a mod]n man ?is ,moses 06 ,x seems almo/
 too good to be true6  ,b z yet we h    
m]ely scrat*$ ! surface ( ! /ory4 ,= he 
took 8 %oes f (f 8 feet :5 he inspect$  
?is new ph5om5on1 feel+ in/9ctively t he
 0 on holy gr\nd4 ,?us !re m+l$ ) 8     
sci5tific curiosity ! second great      
quality ( g5ius1 :i* is rev]5ce4 ,!re 0 
no complac5cy "h b an approa* to life at
 once eag] & humble2 ke5 yet tea*able & 
mild4 ,& n[ behold :at happ5s6 ,z a     
result ( ?is comb9ation ( qualities !re 
came to ,moses ! vision ( :at he might d
 to lead 8 oppress$ c\ntrym5 out ( _!   
indu/rial bondage4 ,:]eupon he display$ 
! typical human reaction & cri$1 ,:o am 
,i1 t ,i %\ld g unto ,ph>oah or t ,i    
%\ld lead ! *ildr5 ( ,israel out (      
,egypt6 ,my bro!r ,a>on1 :o is an       
eloqu5t p]son--& z x turn$ out lat] also
 a speci\s "o--is f> bett] suit$ = ?is  
und]tak+4 ,?us he endeavor$ to evade !  

task & cri$1 ,let someone else d x6     
,hav+ ?us exp\nd$ ! ^w ( ,god 767 !     
s]mon proce$s to its f9al division 9 !  
application ( ?is %rewd & practical     
wisdom to "s curr5t ev5t or p>o*ial     
situation4  ,n[1 su* prea*+ is          
indubitably effective & n :olly         
illegitimate4 ,its te*nique is easily   
acquir$4 ,x makes u realize t ! e>ly    
,*ur* ,fa!rs1 :o display$ a truly       
appall+ +5uity 9 allegoriz+ ! ,old      
,te/am5t & :o f\nd types ( ,*ri/ & ,8   
,*ur* 9 frankly s5sual ,ori5tal w$d+    
songs1 h _m /urdy desc5dants among u to 
?is v h\r6 ,su* prea*+ gives            
picturesqu5ess & color1 x provides !    
necess>y sug> coat+ to ! l>ge pill (    
practical & e?ical exhortation4 ,to be  
sure1 x does n s\nd l ! prea*+ ( our    
fa!rs4 ,! old s]mon titles--,suff]+ )   
,*ri/ t we may be also glorifi$ ) ,him1 
= in/ance--seem v f> away f x4 ,nor is x
 to be suppos$ t ?is is :at its au?or   
int5d$ ! /ory we h be5 us+ to convey nor
 t ^! 7 ! reactions t x ar\s$ 9 ! brea/s

 ( its orig9al he>]s4 ,b z ! s]moniz]   
w\ld d\btless g on to rem>k1 !re is a   
c]ta9 univ]sal quality 9 all great      
lit]ature1 & g5ius builds bett] ?an x   
kn[s1 & s ea* man c draw 8 own wat] (   
refre%m5t f ^! great wells ( ! pa/4 ,&  
inde$ no?+ is m amaz+ or disconc]t+ ?an 
! mutually exclusive notions1 ! app>5tly
 oppos+ tru?s1 :i* c be educ$ by ?is    
me?od1 f "o & ! same passage (          
,scripture6 ,!re is sc>cely a *apt] 9   
all ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & to a less degree 
9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* may n be ?us     
+5i\sly transmogrifi$ to meet almo/ any 
homiletical em]g5cy4  ,n[1 ,i may z well
 confess t ,i h prea*$ ?is k9d ( s]mon  
lo6 ^! _m ye>s ad inf9itum & ,i d\bt n  
ad nauseam4 ,we h all us$ 9 ?is way !   
flam+ rhetoric ( ! ,hebrew prophets     
until we ?9k ( !m *iefly z indict]s ( a 
social ord]4 ,!y 7 n *iefly ?is b some?+
 q diff]5t & m valuable1 namely1        
religi\s g5iuses4 ,fir/-rate prea*+ w\ld
 deal ) ,amos z ! pione] 9 e?ical       
mono!ism1 ) ,hosea z ! fir/ poet ( !    

div9e grace1 ) ,j]emiah z ! h]ald ( !   
possibility ( ea* man's sep>ate &       
p]sonal communion ) ! liv+ ,god4 ,b1 (  
c\rse1 su* religi\s prea*+1 deal+ )     
great doctr9es ( fai?1 w\ld h a k9d (   
l>ge remot5ess ab\t x2 x w\ld pay v     
little att5tion to ! incid5ts ( ! /ory1 
& inde$1 w\ld t5d to be h>dly expository
 at all1 b r speculative & doctr9al4  ,&
 t br+s u to ! !me ( ?is f9al           
discussion4 ,= ,i am "o ( ^? :o believe 
t great prea*+ is doctr9al prea*+ & t x 
is p>ticul>ly ne$$ at ?is h\r4 ,!       
comp>ative neglect ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9  
favor ( ! ,old 9 contempor>y prea*+2 !  
use & nature ( ! expository me?od--no   
less ?an ! unwor%ipful "* ( our         
s]vices--appe> to me to (f] a f9al &    
conclusive pro( ( ! unreligi\s          
ov]humani/ic emphases ( our             
int]pretation ( religion4 ,& if we are  
to h a religi\s revival1 !n x seems to  
me wor%ipful s]vices mu/ be accompani$  
by speculative prea*+ & ,i d\bt if ! "o 
c be nobly ma9ta9$ )\t ! o!r4 ,= we saw 

t wor%ip is ! direct exp]i5ce ( !       
,absolute ?r\gh high & conc5trat$ feel+4
 ,ev5 s speculative &1 9 g5]al1 doctr9al
 prea*+ is ! same return to fir/        
pr9ciples & to ultimate values 9 ! realm
 ( ideas4 ,x turns away f ! imm$iate1 ! 
practical1 ! relative to ! f9al &       
absolute 9 ! doma9 ( ?\ght4  ,n[1       
obvi\sly1 !n1 dev\t s]vices & doctr9al  
prea*+ %\ld g toge!r4 ,no high & p]si/5t
 emotions c be ma9ta9$ )\t cle> ?9k+ to 
n\ri% & /eady !m4 ,!re is 9 doctr9al    
prea*+ a c]ta9 indiff]5ce to imm$iate   
issues2 to detail$ applications4 ,x     
deals1 by its nature1 ) compreh5sive &  
ab/ract r ?an local & concrete ?9k+2 )  
inclusive feel+1 transc5d5t aspiration4 
,x does n try to pietize ! ord9>y1      
comm]cial & dome/ic affairs ( m54       
,in/ead x deals ) ! highe/ que/ions &   
p]ceptions ( human life2 argues f ^?    
sublime hypo!ses :i* are ! v subsoil ( !
 religi\s temp]am5t & und]/&+4 ,x deals 
) ^? aspects ( human life :i* inde$     
include1 b include because !y transc5d1 

! comm]cial & dome/ic1 ! pr(essional &  
political affairs ( daily liv+4 ,we h   
be5 insi/+ 9 ^! *apt]s t x is t portion 
( human ne$ & exp]i5ce :i* lies betwe5 !
 kn[able & ! unkn[able ) :i* x is !     
prea*]'s *ief prov9ce to deal4 ,doctr9al
 prea*+ endeavors to give =m & relations
 to its intuitions & high desires1 its  
unatta9able long+s & insights4 ,!re is a
 native alliance betwe5 ! doctr9e (     
,imman5ce & expository prea*+4 ,= !     
(fice ( bo? is to give u ! ,god ( ?is _w
 9 ! affairs ( ! mom5t4 ,!re is a native
 alliance betwe5 expository prea*+ &    
humanism :i* v l>gely acc\nts = !       
latt]'s popul>ity4 ,= expository prea*+1
 z at pres5t practic$1 deals mo/ly )    
e?ical & practical issues1 ) ! sett+ ( !
 h\se ( ?is _w 9 ord]4 ,!re is also a   
native & maje/ic alliance betwe5 ! idea 
( transc5d5ce & doctr9al prea*+ & betwe5
 ! facts ( ! religi\s exp]i5ce & !      
cont5t ( speculative philosophy4 ,n     
pragmatism b pure metaphysics is !      
native language ( ! m9d :5 x moves 9 !  

spiritual _w4  ,b ,i am aw>e t already  
,i h lo/ my read]'s sympa?y4 ,y d n     
desire to prea* doctr9al s]mons & :ile y
 may read ) amiable pati5ce & fa9tly    
smil+ complac5cy ?is discussion1 y h no 
int5tion ( foll[+ its advice4 ,we t5d to
 ?9k t doctr9al s]mons are              
outmod$--old-fa%ion$ & unpopul>--& we   
dread z we dread few o!r ?+s1 n be+ up  
to date4 ,besides1 doctr9al prea*+ (f]s 
little ( t opportunity :i* is f\nd 9    
expository & yet m 9 topical prea*+ =   
exploit+ our own p]sonalities4 ,"s ( u  
are "y4 ,x is m]ely a polite way ( say+ 
t we are egoti/ical4 ,we "k 9 our secret
 he>t ( he>ts t ! ma9 ?+ t we h to give 
! _w is our own new1 fre% selves ) _!   
correct$ & arre/+ und]/&+ ( ! _w4 ,we   
are mode/ly yet eag]ly ready to be/[ t  
gift ( ours ^u ! wait+ congregation4 ,"o
 ( ! few comp5sations ( gr[+ old is t1 z
 ! hot inn] fires burn l[]1 ?is         
self-absorption less5s & we become      
dis9t]e/$ & judicial obs]v]s ( life &   
f9d s mu* pleasure 9 o!r p's successes &

 s mu* wisdom 9 o!r folk's ideas4 ,b n s
 = y\?2 x isn't :at ! pa/ or !          
collective m9d & he>t h =mulat$3 x's :at
 y've got to say t int]e/s y4 ,h5ce x is
 probably true t doctr9al prea*+1 9 ! v 
nature ( ?+s1 makes no /rong appeal to  
m5 :o are beg9n+ ! m9i/ry4  ,b !re are  
o!r objections :i* are m s]i\s1 because 
inh]5t 9 ! v g5ius ( doctr9al prea*+    
itself4 ,fir/3 su* prea*+ is m or less  
remote f contempor>y & practical issues4
 ,x deals ) ?\ght1 n actions2 und]/&+ r 
?an effici5cy2 pr9ciples r ?an          
applications4 ,x moves among ! basic    
concepts ( ! religi\s life2 deals )     
matt]s beyond & above & )\t ! tumultu\s 
issues ( ! mom5t4 ,s x foll[s t doctr9al
 prea*+ has an air ( deta*m5t1 almo/ (  
seclusion f ! _w2 ! prea*] br+s 8       
message f "s pale _w ( ideas to ?is     
quick _w ( action4 ,& we are afraid (   
?is deta*m5t1 ! ab/ract & !oretical     
nature ( ! ?9k]'s s]mon4  ,i ?9k ! fe>  
is n well gr\nd$4 ,:at is ! use ( prea*+
 social s]vice to ! almo/ total neglect 

( sett+ =? ! intellectual & emotional   
concept ( ! s]vant8 ,x is ! quality ( ! 
do] :i* det]m9es ! value ( ! de$4 ,:y   
keep on insi/+ ^u be+ good if our he>]s 
h nev] be5 c>efully in/ruct$ 9 ! nature 
& ! sanctions ( goodness8 ,has n !      
tr\ble ) mo/ ( our political & moral    
re=m be5 t we h _h a passion = x b v    
little sci5ce ( x8 ,h[ c we "k ! ways ( 
godl9ess if we take ,god ,himself =     
grant$8 ,no3 our *ief bus9ess1 z        
prea*]s1 is to prea* ! cont5t r ?an !   
application ( ! tru?4 ,n _m p are       
int]e/$ 9 try+ to f9d ! sub/ance ( !    
tru?4 ,x is hat$ z impractical by !     
multitude ( ! impati5t1 & despis$ z     
old-fa%ion$ by ! get-sav$-quick re=m]s4 
,nev]!less we mu/ f9d out ! di/9ctions  
betwe5 div9e & human1 "r & wrong1 & :y  
!y are :at !y are1 & :at is ! good ( x  
all4 ,!re is no m valuable s]vice :i* ! 
prea*] c r5d] 8 community ?an to        
delib]ately seclude himself f cont9ual  
contact ) imm$iate issues & dwell on !  
et]nal v]ities4 ,:5 ,d>w9 publi%$ ,!    

,desc5t ( ,man at ! end ( !             
,franco-,prussian ,w>1 ! ,london ,times 
took him sev]ely to task = 8 absorption 
9 purely sci5tific int]e/s & hypo!tical 
issues4 ,:5 ! f\ndations ( prop]ty & !  
e/abli%$ ord] 7 ?reat5$ ) ! fires ( !   
,p>is ,commune2 :5 ! ,tuil]ies 7        
burn+--h[ c\ld a ,briti% subject be     
occupy+ himself ) speculations 9 natural
 sci5ce 9 no wise calculat$ to br+ aid  
or com=t to ^? :o _h a /ake 9 ! c\ntry6 
,well1 few ( u imag9e today t ,d>w9 w\ld
 h be5 wise to h ex*ang$ ! seclusion & !
 impractical h\rs ( ! /udy = ! (fice or 
! camp1 ! m>ket or ! /reet4  ,yet ! same
 fe> ( occupy+ ourselves ) c5tral &     
ab/ract matt]s /ill obsesses u4 ,at !   
,quadr5nial ,conf]5ce ( ! ,me?odi/      
,episcopal ,*ur* held rec5tly at ,des   
,mo9es1 ?irty-f\r bi%ops submitt$ an    
address 9 :i* !y said among o!r ?+s3 ,( 
c\rse1 ! *ur* mu/ /& 9 unfl9*+1         
uncompromis+ d5unciation ( all          
violations ( laws1 aga9/ all murd]\s    
*ild labor1 all f\l sweat %ops1 all     

unsafe m9es1 all deadly t5em5ts1 all    
excessive h\rs = ^? :o toil1 all        
pr(ligate luxuries1 all /&>ds ( wage &  
life bel[ ! liv+ /&>d1 all unfairness & 
h>%ness ( conditions1 all brutal        
exactions1 :e!r ( ! employ] or union1   
all ov]lord%ips1 :e!r ( capital or      
labor1 all godless pr(ite]+1 :e!r 9     
food1 clo?+1 pr(its or wages1 aga9/ all 
inhumanity1 inju/ice & blight+          
inequality1 aga9/ all class-m9d$ m5 :o  
dem& special privileges or exceptions on
 behalf ( _! class4  ,^! are all vital  
matt]s1 yet ,i _c believe t x is !      
*ur*'s *ief bus9ess ?us to turn h]      
en]gies to ! problems ( ! mat]ial _w4   
,?is w\ld be a /up5d\s program1 ev5 if  
complete 9 itself2 z an item 9 a program
 x becomes almo/ a r$uctio ad absurdum4 
,! ,spr+field ,republican 9 an editorial
 comm5t ^u x said3 ,x fairly invites !  
"q :e!r ! *ur* is n 9 "s dang] ( try+ to
 d too mu*4 ,! fund ( en]gy available = 
any human und]tak+ is n unlimit$2 en]gy 
turn$ 9 "o direction mu/ ( necessity be 

)drawn f ano!r & en]gy diffus$ 9 _m     
directions _c be conc5trat$4 ,c\nt !    
adjectives--'murd]\s1' 'f\l1' 'unsafe1' 
'deadly1' 'excessive1' 'pr(ligate1'     
'brutal1' 'godless1' 'blight+'--does n  
ea* involve rese>*1 inve/igation1       
comp>ison1 analysis1 delib]ation1 a     
heavy tax ^u ! intellectual res\rces ( !
 *ur* if any result wor? hav+ is to be  
obta9$8 ,c ?is en]gy be f\nd )\t        
subtract+ en]gy f "s o!r sph]e8  ,!     
grave/ problems ( ! _w are n f\nd "h4   
,!y are f\nd 9 ! decl9e ( spiritual     
und]/&+1 ! decay ( moral /&>ds1 ! gr[? (
 ! v9dictive & un=giv+ _s1 ! lapse f    
*>ity1 ! ov]we5+ pride ( ! human he>t4  
,) ^! matt]s ! *ur* mu/ *iefly deal2 to 
_! spiritual infidelity %e mu/ br+ a    
spiritual message2 to _! poor ?9k+ %e   
mu/ br+ ! wisdom ( ! et]nal4 ,?is task1 
prev5tive n rem$ial1 is h] *>act]i/ic   
"o4 ,is x n wor? :ile to rememb] t !    
great religi\s lead]s h g5]ally ignor$  
contempor>y social problems8 ,s h !     
great arti/s :o are closely alli$ to !m4

 ,nei!r ,william ,%akespe>e nor ,leon>do
 da ,v9ci 7 re=m]s2 nei!r ,gautama nor !
 ,"l ,jesus _h mu* to say ab\t ! actual 
int]national economic & political       
readju/m5ts :i* 7 z press+ 9 _! day z   
ours4 ,!y 7 cont5t to prea* ! tru?1 sure
 t x1 once und]/ood1 w\ld set m5 free4  
,b a second reason :y we dislike        
doctr9al prea*+ is because we conf\nd x 
) dogmatic prea*+4 ,doctr9al s]mons are 
^? :i* deal ) ! philosophy ( religion4  
,!y exp\nd or def5d or relate !         
intellectual /atem5ts1 ! =mulae (       
religion4 ,su* disc\rses diff]          
ess5tially f dogmatic s]moniz+4 ,= :at  
is a doctr9e8 ,a doctr9e is an          
intellectual =mulation ( an exp]i5ce4   
,suppose a man receives a new influx (  
moral en]gy & spiritual insight1 ?r\gh  
read+ ! ,bible1 ?r\gh try+ to pray1     
?r\gh lov+ & m$itat+ ^u ! ,"l ,jesus4 ,t
 exp]i5ce isn't a speculative           
proposition1 x isn't a fai? or an       
hypo!sis2 x's a fact4 ,l ! man 9 !      
,johann9e record ! believ] says1 ,:e!r  

he be a s9n] ,i "k n3 b "o ?+ ,i "k1 t1 
:]eas ,i 0 bl9d1 n[ ,i see4  ,n[1 let   
?is new exp]i5ce ( moral p[] & spiritual
 insight express itself1 z x normally w1
 9 a m holy & m useful life1 9 !        
appropriate t]ms ( action4 ,!re y get t 
confession ( exp]i5ce :i* we call "*4   
,or let x express itself 9 ! appropriate
 emotions ( joy & awe & rev]5ce s t1 l  
,ray ,palm]1 ! conv]t writes an immortal
 hymn1 or a body ( conv]ts l ! e>ly *ur*
 produces ! ,te ,deum4 ,!re is !        
confession ( exp]i5ce 9 wor%ip4 ,or let 
a man fill$ ) ?is new life desire to    
und]/& x2 see :at its implications are  
reg>d+ ! nature ( ,god1 ! nature ( man1 
! place ( ,*ri/ 9 ! scale ( creat$ or   
uncreat$ ,be+4 ,let him desire to ?us   
cons]ve & int]pret t he may transmit ?is
 new exp]i5ce4 ,!n he w beg9 to def9e x 
& to r$uce x1 = brevity & cle>ness1 to  
"s ab/ract & compact =mula4 ,?us he w   
make a confession ( exp]i5ce 9 doctr9e4 
,doctr9es1 !n1 are n arbitr>y b natural1
 n accid5tal b ess5tial4 ,!y are !      

hypo!ses reg>d+ ! et]nal nature ( ?+s   
drawn f ! data ( our moral & spiritual  
exp]i5ce4 ,!y are to religion j :at !   
sci5ce ( electricity is to a trolley c>1
 or :at ! =mula ( evolution is to       
natural sci5ce1 or :at ! doctr9e ( !    
cons]vation ( en]gy is1 or 01 to        
physics4 ,doctr9es are signpo/s2 !y are 
plac>ds1 index f+]s1 notices summ+ up & 
comm5d+ ! prov$ ess5ces ( religi\s      
exp]i5ce4 ,two ?+s are always true (    
s\nd doctr9e4 ,fir/3 x is n consid]$ to 
h prim>y value2 its wor? is 9 ! exp]i5ce
 to :i* x witnesses4 ,second3 x is n    
fix$ b flexible & progressive4 ,someone 
has rail$ at !ology1 def9+ x z ! hi/ory 
( disc>d$ errors4 ,t is a tru? & a great
 complim5t & ! def9ition holds good ( ! 
record ( any o!r sci5ce4  ,n[1 if       
doctr9es are signpo/s1 dogmas are old & 
n[ mislead+ mile/ones4 ,= :at is a      
dogma8 ,x may be "o ( two ?+s4 ,usually 
x is a doctr9e t has =gott5 t x ev] _h a
 hi/ory2 a =mula :i* once _h au?ority   
because x 0 a g5u9e int]pretation (     

exp]i5ce b :i* n[ is s outmod$ 9 fa%ion 
( ?\ght1 or s maladju/$ to our pres5t   
scale ( values1 z to be no long] cle>ly 
relat$ to exp]i5ce & is !re=e accept$   
m]ely on comm&1 or on ! pre/ige ( its   
antiquity4 ,or x may be a doctr9e       
promulgat$ ex ca!dra1 n because religi\s
 exp]i5ce produc$ x1 b because          
ecclesia/ical exp$i5cies dem& x4 ,?us1  
to illu/rate ! fir/ sort ( dogma1 !re 0 
once a doctr9e ( ! ,virg9 ,bir?4 ,m5    
f\nd1 z !y /ill d1 bo? ,god & man 9     
,jesus2 !y discov]$ :5 !y foll[$ ,him _!
 own real humanity & true div9ity4 ,!y  
tri$ to expla9 & =malize ! exp]i5ce &   
made a doctr9e :i*1 = ! circle ( ideas &
 ! ext5t ( ! factual k ( ! times1 0 bo? 
reasonable & valuable4 ,! exp]i5ce /ill 
rema9s1 b ! doctr9e is no long]         
psy*ologically or biologically cr$ible4 
,x no long] (f]s a t5able explanation2 x
 is n a valuable or illum9at+           
int]pretation4 ,h5ce if we hold x at all
 today1 x is ei!r = s5tim5t or = ! sake 
( m]e tradition1 namely1 = reasons o!r  

?an its intellectual usefulness or its  
inh]5t intelligibility4 ,s held x passes
 ov] f doctr9e into dogma4 ,or take1 z  
an example ( ! second sort1 ! dogma ( ! 
,immaculate ,conception1 promulgat$ by  
,pius ,,ix 9 ! ye> #ahed1 & design$ to  
/r5g!n ! pre/ige ( ! ,papal ,see among !
 ,ca?olic p[]s ( ,europe & to prolong   
its hold ^u its temporal possessions4   
,de ,ces>e describes ! promulgation ( ! 
dogma z foll[s3  ,! fe/ival on t day1   
,decemb] #h1 #ahed1 sacr$ to ! ,virg91 0
 magnific5t4 ,aft] *ant+ ! ,gospel1 fir/
 9 ,lat91 !n 9 ,greek1 ,c>d9al ,mac*i1  
deacon ( ! ,sacr$ ,college1 toge!r ) !  
s5ior ar*bi%ops & bi%ops pres5t1 all    
approa*$ ! ,papal ?rone1 pron\nc+ ^!    
words 9 ,lat91 ',deign1 mo/ ,holy ,fa!r1
 to lift y\r ,apo/olic voice & pron\nce 
! dogmatic ,decree ( ! ,immaculate      
,conception1 on acc\nt ( :i* !re w be   
praise 9 heav5 & rejoic+s on e>?4' ,!   
,pope reply+1 /at$ t he welcom$ ! wi% ( 
! ,sacr$ ,college1 ! episcopate1 !      
cl]gy1 & decl>$ x 0 ess5tial fir/ ( all 

to invoke ! help ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,s say+ 
he inton$ 9 ,v5i ,creator1 *ant$ 9 *orus
 by all pres5t4 ,! *ant conclud$1 amid a
 solemn sil5ce ,pius ,,ix's f9ely       
modulat$ voice read ! foll[+ ,decree3   
',x %all be ,dogma1 t ! mo/ ,bless$     
,virg9 ,m>y1 9 ! fir/ in/ant ( !        
,conception1 by s+ul> privilege & grace 
( ,god1 9 virtue ( ! m]its ( ,jesus     
,*ri/1 ! ,savi\r ( mank9d1 0 pres]v$ f  
all /a9 ( orig9al s94' ,! s5ior c>d9al  
!n pray$ ! ,pope to make ?is ,decree    
public1 &1 amid ! ro> ( cannon f ,=t ,/4
 ,angelo & ! fe/ive r++ ( *ur* bells1 ! 
solemn act 0 accompli%$4'#db ,"h is an  
ass]tion reg>d+ ,m>y's ,conception :i*  
has only ! mo/ t5u\s connection )       
religi\s exp]i5ce & :i* 0 pron\nc$ =    
ecclesia/ical & political reasons4 ,"h  
we h dogma at its wor/4 ,"h1 inde$1 x is
 s bad z to resemble _m ( ! curr5t      
political & economic pronunciam5tos6    
,footnote #db3 ,! ,la/ ,days ( ,papal   
,rome1 pp4 #abg ff4  ,n[1 nobody wants  
dogmatic prea*+1 b !re is no?+ t we ne$ 

m ?an we d doctr9al prea*+ & no?+ :i* is
 m int]e/+4 ,! specialization ( k has   
assign$ to ! prea*] ( religion a def9ite
 sph]e4 ,no am\nt ( second>y exp]tness 9
 politics or economics or social re=m or
 ev5 morals c atone = ! ab&onm5t ( our  
own prov9ce4 ,we are set to ?9k ab\t &  
exp\nd religion & if we give t up we    
give up our place 9 a le>n$ pr(ession4  
,moreov]1 ! new conditions ( ! mod]n _w 
make doctr9e imp]ative4 ,t _w is        
di/+ui%$ by its free inquiry1 its       
cultivation ( ! sci5tific me?od1 its    
ab&onm5t ( obscuranticisms &            
ambiguities4 ,x dem&s1 !n1 dev\t & holy 
?9k+ f u4 ,:o w\ld d5y t ! revival (    
intellectual au?ority & lead]%ip 9      
matt]s ( religion is t]ribly ne$$ 9 our 
day8 ,sabati] is "r 9 say+ t a religion 
)\t doctr9e is a self-contradictory     
idea4 ,h>nack is n wrong 9 say+ t a     
,*ri/ianity )\t x is inconceivable4  ,& 
n[ ,i "k y are ?9k+ 9 y\r he>ts1 ,well1 
:at inconsi/5cy ?is man %[s6 ,= a :ole  
book he has be5 insi/+ on ! prime values

 ( imag9ation & feel+ 9 religion & n[ he
 concludes ) a plea = ! ?9k]4 ,b x is n 
s inconsi/5t z x appe>s4 ,x is j because
 we d believe t ! discov]y1 ! expression
 & ! rew>ds ( religion lie *iefly 9 !   
sup]rational & poetic realms t !re=e we 
want ?is intellectual cont5t to         
accompany x1 n sup]s$e x1 z a balanc+   
influ5ce1 a /eady+ =ce4 ,!re are grave  
p]ils 9 wor%ipful s]vices correspond+ to
 _! supreme values4 ,my/ical prea*+ has 
! defects ( its virtues & too (t5 s9ks  
into t vague s5tim5talism :i* is !      
p]v]sion ( its excell5ce4 ,h[ ins5sibly 
sometimes does high & preci\s feel+     
deg5]ate into a sort ( religi\s hy/]ia6 
,x ne$s !n to be always te/$ & correct$ 
by cle> ?9k+4  ,b we 9 no way alt] our  
orig9al insi/5ce t 9 our realm z        
prea*]s1 unlike ! sci5ti/'s realm ( !   
!ologians1 ?\ght is ! h&maid1 n !       
mi/ress4 ,our great plea1 !n1 = doctr9al
 prea*+ is t by intellectual grappl+ ) !
 f9al & speculative problems ( religion 
we d n sup]s$e b fe$ ! emotional life & 

d n dim9i% b focus & /eady x4 ,x is t y 
& ,i may h res]ves ( feel+--indisp5sable
 to great prea*+--s9c]ity & int5sity (  
emotion1 t discipl9$ imag9ation :i* is  
g5ius1 t re/ra9$ passion :i* is art1 & t
 our congregations may h ! same1 t we   
mu/ /rive = intellectual p[]1 mu/ d !   
prea*+ t gives p some?+ to ?9k ab\t4 ,^!
 are ! religi\s & dev\t reasons :y we   
value intellectual hone/y1 precision (  
utt]ance1 res]ve ( /atem5t1 logical &   
coh]5t ?9k+4  ,we are come1 !n1 to !    
conclusion ( our discussions4 ,!y h be5 
int5d$ to re/ore a neglect$ emphasis ^u 
! imag9ative & transc5d5t z di/+ui%$ f !
 e?ical & humani/ic aspects ( ! religi\s
 life4 ,!y h tri$ to %[ t ! rea*+ out by
 wor%ip to ?is o!rness ( ,god & to !    
ultimate 9 life is man's deepe/ hung] & 
! "o we are *iefly set to fe$4 ,i am    
sure t ! *ief ally ( ! exp]i5ce ( !     
transc5d5ce ( ,god & ! cultivation ( !  
wor%ipful faculties 9 man is to be f\nd 
9 sev]e & speculative ?9k+4 ,i believe  
our almo/ unmix$ passion = piety1 =     

action1 = practical effici5cy1 betrays  
u4 ,x indicates t we are try+ to        
manufacture effects to conceal ! abs5ce 
( causes4 ,we may look = a religi\s     
revival :5 m5 h s m$itat$ ^u & /ruggl$ )
 ! fundam5tal ideas ( religion t !y feel
 pr(\ndly its et]nal my/]ies4  ,&       
f9ally1 we h ! be/ hi/orical gr\nds =   
our position4 ,sometimes great religi\s 
movem5ts h be5 begun by unle>n$ &       
uncritical m5 l ,pet] ! h]mit or ,john  
,bunyan or ,moody4 ,b we mu/ n inf] f   
?is t religi\s insight is naturally     
repress$ by cle> ?9k+ or fo/]$ by       
ignorance4 ,dr4 ,francis ,gre5wood      
,peabody has po9t$ out t ! great        
religi\s epo*s 9 ,*ri/ian hi/ory are    
also epo*s 9 ! hi/ory ( !ology4 ,!      
,paul9e epi/les1 ! ,confessions (       
,augu/9e1 ! ,m$itations ( ,anselm1 !    
,simple ,me?od ( ,h[ to ,pray ( ,lu!r1 !
 ,regula ( ,loyola1 ! ,monolog5 (       
,s*lei]ma*]1 ^! are all manuals ( !     
dev\t life1 !y belong 9 ! di/9ctively   
religi\s _w ( sup]s5su\s & ! transc5d5t1

 & "o ?+ :i* acc\nts = !m is t ! m5 :o  
produc$ !m 7 religi\s g5iuses because !y
 7 also !ologians4#dc  ,footnote #dc3   
,see ! ,call to ,!ology1 ,h>4 ,!o4      
,rev41 vol4 ,i1 no4 #a1 pp4 #a ff4  ,x  
is to be rememb]$ t we are n say+ t !   
!ologian makes ! sa9t4 ,i d n believe t4
 ,devils c believe & tremble2 ,abel>d 0 
no sa9t4 ,b we are cont5d+ t ! great    
sa9t is extremely likely to be a        
!ologian4 ,prote/antism1 ,me?odism1     
,tract>ianism1 7 *iefly religi\s        
movem5ts1 int]e/$ 9 ! k9d ( que/ions &  
mov$ by ! sorts ( motives :i* we h be5  
talk+ ab\t4 ,!y all began )9 ! prec9cts 
( univ]sities4 ,moreov]1 ! ,"l ,jesus1  
consummate my/ic1 incomp>able arti/1 0  
su* p>tly because ,he 0 a great !ologian
 z well4 ,8 deal+s ) scribe & ,ph>isee  
furni% "s ( ! _w's be/ examples ( acute 
& c\rage\s dialectics4 ,8 !ological     
me?od diff]$ m>k$ly f ! academicians (  
,8 day4 ,nev]!less x 0 not$ t ,he spoke 
) an extraord9>y au?ority4 ,he gave1 z  
,dr4 ,peabody also po9ts out1 new scope 

& significance to ! ?\ght ( ,god1 to !  
nature ( man1 to ! de/9y ( ! s\l1 to !  
mean+ ( ! _w4 ,he w\ld h be5 reckon$    
among ! _w's great !ologians if o!r     
end[m5ts _h n giv5 ,him a high]         
title4#dd  ,footnote #dd3 ,call to      
,!ology1 ,h>4 ,!o4 ,rev41 vol4 ,i1 no4  
#a1 p4 #h4  ,x is a high] title to h be5
 ! supreme my/ic1 ! p]fect se]4 ,all ,i 
h be5 try+ to say is t x is to ^! sorts 
( excell5cies t ! prea*] aspires4 ,b !  
life ( ,jesus supremely sanctions !     
conviction t prea*+ ^u high & ab/ract & 
ev5 speculative !mes & a rigor\s        
intellectual discipl9e are *ief         
accompanim5ts1 appropriate &            
indisp5sable aids1 to religi\s insight &
 to ! cultivat+ ( wor%ipful feel+4 ,s we
 close our discussions ) ! supreme "n ^u
 our lips1 leav+ ! mo/ fragrant memory1 
! cle>e/ picture1 rememb]+ ,him :o /ruck
 ! highe/ note4 ,x is to ,8 life & tea*+
 t we humbly turn to f9d ! f9al sanction
 = ! di/9ctively religi\s values4 ,:o   
else1 inde$1 has ! words ( ,et]nal      

,life8         99       99       99     
99       99      ,,lyman ,,bee*]        
,,lecture%ip ,,on ,,prea*+  ,,yale      
,,univ]sity    #ahga-gb ,bee*]1 ,h4,w41 
,yale ,lectures on ,prea*+1 fir/ s]ies4 
,new ,york1 #ahgb4    #ahgb-gc ,bee*]1  
,h4,w41 ,yale ,lectures on ,prea*+1     
second s]ies4           ,new ,york1     
#ahgc4    #ahgc-gd ,bee*]1 ,h4,w41 ,yale
 ,lectures on ,prea*+1 ?ird s]ies4      
,new ,york1 #ahgd4    #ahgd-ge ,hall1   
,john1 ,god's ,^w ?r\gh ,prea*+4 ,new   
,york1 #ahge4    #ahge-gf ,taylor1      
,william ,m41 ,! ,m9i/ry ( ! ,^w4 ,new  
,york1           #ahgf4    #ahgf-gg     
,brooks1 ,p41 ,lectures on ,prea*+4 ,new
 ,york1 #ahgg4    #ahgg-gh ,dale1       
,r4,w41 ,n9e ,lectures on ,prea*+4 ,new 
,york1 #ahgh4    #ahgh-gi ,simpson1 ,m41
 ,lectures on ,prea*+4 ,new ,york1      
#ahgi4    #ahgi-hj ,crosby1 ,h41 ,!     
,*ri/ian ,prea*]4 ,new ,york1 #ahhj4    
#ahhj-ha ,duryea1 ,j4,t41 & o!rs 7n     
publi%$74    #ahha-hb ,rob9son1 ,e4,g41 
,lectures on ,prea*+4 ,new ,york1 #ahhc4

    #ahhb-hc 7,no lectures47    #ahhc-hd
 ,burton1 ,n4,j41 ,yale ,lectures on    
,prea*+1 & o!r           writ+s4 ,new   
,york1 #ahhh499    #ahhd-he ,/orrs1     
,h4,m41 ,! ,am]ican ,prea*] 7n publi%$74
    #ahhe-hf ,taylor1 ,w4,m41 ,!        
,scotti% ,pulpit4 ,new ,york1 #ahhg4    
#ahhf-hg ,gladd51 ,w41 ,tools & ! ,man4 
,bo/on1 #ahic4    #ahhg-hh ,trumbull4   
,h4,c41 ,! ,sunday ,s*ool4              
,philadelphia1 #ahhh4    #ahhh-hi       
,broadus1 ,j4,a41 ,prea*+ & ! ,m9i/]ial 
,life 7n           publi%$74    #ahhi-ij
 ,behr5ds1 ,a4,j4,f41 ,! ,philosophy (  
,prea*+4 ,new ,york1           #ahij4   
#ahij-ia ,/alk]1 ,j41 ,! ,prea*] & ,8   
,models4 ,new ,york1 #ahia4    #ahia-ib 
,fairb>n1 ,a4,m41 ,! ,place ( ,*ri/ 9   
,mod]n ,!ology4           ,new ,york1   
#ahic4    #ahib-ic ,horton1 ,r4,f41     
,v]bum ,dei4 ,new ,york1 #ahic499       
#ahic-id 7,no lectures47    #ahid-ie    
,gre]1 ,d4,h41 ,! ,prea*] & ,8 ,place4  
,new ,york1 #ahie4    #ahie-if ,van     
,dyke1 ,h41 ,! ,gospel = an ,age (      

,d\bt4 ,new ,york1           #ahif99    
#ahif-ig ,watson1 ,j41 ,! ,cure ( ,s\ls4
 ,new ,york1 #ahif4    #ahig-ih ,tuck]1 
,w4,j41 ,! ,mak+ & ! ,unmak+ ( !        
,prea*]4           ,bo/on1 #ahih4       
#ahih-ii ,smi?1 ,g4,a41 ,mod]n          
,criticism & ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,new      
,york1 #aija4    #ahii-jj ,br[n1 ,j41   
,puritan ,prea*+ 9 ,engl&4 ,new ,york1  
#aijj4    #aijj-ja 7,no lectures47      
#aija-jb ,gladd51 ,w41 ,social          
,salvation4 ,new ,york1 #aijb4          
#aijb-jc ,gordon1 ,g4,a41 ,ultimate     
,conceptions ( ,fai?4 ,new ,york1 #aijc4
    #aijc-jd ,abbott1 ,l41 ,! ,*ri/ian  
,m9i/ry4 ,bo/on1 #aije4    #aijd-je     
,peabody1 ,f4,g41 ,jesus ,*ri/ & !      
,*ri/ian ,"*4           ,new ,york1     
#aije499    #aije-jf ,br[n1 ,c4,r41 ,!  
,social ,message ( ! ,mod]n ,pulpit4    
,new           ,york1 #aijf4    #aijf-jg
 ,=sy?1 ,p4,t41 ,positive ,prea*+ &     
,mod]n ,m9d4 ,new           ,york1      
#aijh499    #aijg-jh ,faunce1 ,w4,h4,p41
 ,! ,educational ,ideal 9 ! ,m9i/ry4    

,new           ,york1 #aijh4    #aijh-ji
 ,h5son1 ,h4,h41 ,! ,lib]ty (           
,prophesy+4 ,new ,hav51 #aiaj499        
#aiji-aj ,jeff]son1 ,c4,e41 ,! ,build+ (
 ! ,*ur*4 ,new ,york1 #aiaj4    #aiaj-aa
 ,gunsaulus1 ,f4,w41 ,! ,m9i/] & !      
,spiritual ,life4 ,new           ,york1 
,*icago1 #aiaa4    #aiaa-ab ,j[ett1     
,j4,h41 ,! ,prea*]2 ,8 ,life & ,"w4 ,new
 ,york1           #aiab4    #aiab-ac    
,p>khur/1 ,c4,h41 ,! ,pulpit & ! ,pew4  
,new ,hav54 #aiac499    #aiac-ad ,home1 
,c4 ,silve/]1 ,! ,romance ( ,prea*+4    
,new ,york1           ,*icago1 #aiad4   
#aiad-ae ,pepp]1 ,george ,:>ton1 ,a     
,voice f ! ,cr[d4 ,new ,hav51           
#aiae499    #aiae-af ,hyde1 ,william    
,de,witt1 ,! ,gospel ( ,good ,w z       
,reveal$           9 ,contempor>y       
,scriptures4 ,new ,york1 #aiaf4         
#aiaf-ag ,mc,dowell1 ,william ,fras]1   
,good ,m9i/]s ( ,jesus ,*ri/4           
,new ,york & ,c9c9nati1 #aiag4          
#aiag-ah ,c(f91 ,h5ry ,sloane1 ,9 a ,day
 ( ,social ,rebuild+4 ,new              

,hav5499    #aiah-ai ,kelman1 ,john1 ,! 
,w> & ,prea*+1 ,new ,hav5499    #aiai-bj
 ,fit*1 ,alb]t ,p>k]1 ,prea*+ &         
,paganism4 ,new ,hav5499   99,also      
publi%$ 9 ,london4  ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,e4,l4 
,,hildre?  ,,company ,,brattleboro1     
,,v]mont1 ,u4,s4,a4