,,eu?ydemus by ,plato ,translat$ by ,b5jam9 ,j[ett ,,introduction4 ,! ,eu?ydemus1 ?\gh apt to be reg>d$ by u only z an elaborate je/1 has also a v s]i\s purpose4 ,x may fairly claim to be ! olde/ treatise on logic2 = t sci5ce orig9ates 9 ! misund]/&+s :i* necess>ily accompany ! fir/ ef=ts ( speculation4 ,sev]al ( ! fallacies :i* are satiriz$ 9 x reappe> 9 ! ,sophi/ici ,el5*i ( ,ari/otle & are reta9$ at ! end ( our manuals ( logic4 ,b if ! ord] ( hi/ory 7 foll[$1 !y %\ld be plac$ n at ! end b at ! beg9n+ ( !m2 = !y belong to ! age 9 :i* ! human m9d 0 fir/ mak+ ! attempt to di/+ui% ?\ght f s5se1 & to sep>ate ! univ]sal f ! p>ticul> or individual4 ,h[ to put toge!r words or ideas1 h[ to escape ambiguities 9 ! mean+ ( t]ms or 9 ! /ructure ( propositions1 h[ to resi/ ! fix$ impression ( an 'et]nal be+' or 'p]petual flux1' h[ to di/+ui% betwe5 words & ?+s--^! 7 problems n easy ( solution 9 ! infancy ( philosophy4 ,!y pres5t$ ! same k9d ( difficulty to ! half-educat$ man :i* spell+ or ari?metic d to ! m9d ( a *ild4 ,x 0 long be=e ! new _w ( ideas :i* _h be5 s\ght aft] ) su* passionate ye>n+ 0 set 9 ord] & made ready = use4 ,to u ! fallacies :i* arise 9 ! pre-,socratic philosophy are trivial & obsolete because we are no long] liable to fall into ! errors :i* are express$ by !m4 ,! intellectual _w has become bett] assur$ to u1 & we are less likely to be impos$ ^u by illusions ( words4 ,! logic ( ,ari/otle is = ! mo/ "p lat5t 9 ! dialogues ( ,plato4 ,! nature ( def9ition is expla9$ n by rules b by examples 9 ! ,*>mides1 ,lysis1 ,la*es1 ,protagoras1 ,m5o1 ,eu?yphro1 ,!aetetus1 ,gorgias1 ,republic2 ! nature ( division is likewise illu/rat$ by examples 9 ! ,sophi/ & ,/atesman2 a s*eme ( categories is f\nd 9 ! ,philebus2 ! true doctr9e ( contradiction is taught1 & ! fallacy ( argu+ 9 a circle is expos$ 9 ! ,republic2 ! nature ( syn!sis & analysis is graphically describ$ 9 ! ,pha$rus2 ! nature ( words is analys$ 9 ! ,cratylus2 ! =m ( ! syllogism is indicat$ 9 ! g5ealogical trees ( ! ,sophi/ & ,/atesman2 a true doctr9e ( pr$ication & an analysis ( ! s5t5ce are giv5 9 ! ,sophi/2 ! diff]5t mean+s ( "o & be+ are work$ out 9 ! ,p>m5ides4 ,"h we h mo/ ( ! important elem5ts ( logic1 n yet sy/ematiz$ or r$uc$ to an art or sci5ce1 b scatt]$ up & d[n z !y w\ld naturally occur 9 ord9>y disc\rse4 ,!y are ( little or no use or significance to u2 b because we h gr[n out ( ! ne$ ( !m we %\ld n !re=e despise !m4 ,!y are /ill int]e/+ & in/ructive = ! light :i* !y %$ on ! hi/ory ( ! human m9d4 ,!re are inde$ _m old fallacies :i* l+] among u1 & new ones are con/antly spr++ up4 ,b !y are n ( ! k9d to :i* anci5t logic c be usefully appli$4 ,! weapons ( common s5se1 n ! analytics ( ,ari/otle1 are ne$$ = _! ov]?r[4 ,nor is ! use ( ! ,ari/otelian logic any long] natural to u4 ,we no long] put argum5ts into ! =m ( syllogisms l ! s*oolm52 ! simple use ( language has be51 happily1 re/or$ to u4 ,nei!r d we discuss ! nature ( ! proposition1 nor extract hidd5 tru?s f ! copula1 nor dispute any long] ab\t nom9alism & realism4 ,we d n confuse ! =m ) ! matt] ( k1 or inv5t laws ( ?\ght1 or imag9e t any s+le sci5ce furni%es a pr9ciple ( reason+ to all ! re/4 ,nei!r d we require categories or heads ( argum5t to be inv5t$ = our use4 ,^? :o h no k ( logic1 l "s ( our great physical philosoph]s1 seem to be q z good reason]s z ^? :o h4 ,mo/ ( ! anci5t puzzles h be5 settl$ on ! basis ( usage & common s5se2 !re is no ne$ to reop5 !m4 ,no sci5ce %\ld raise problems or inv5t =ms ( ?\ght :i* add no?+ to k & are ( no use 9 assi/+ ! acquisition ( x4 ,?is seems to be ! natural limit ( logic & metaphysics2 if !y give u a m compreh5sive or a m def9ite view ( ! diff]5t sph]es ( k !y are to be /udi$2 if n1 n4 ,! bett] "p ( anci5t logic appe>s h>dly 9 our own day to h a sep>ate exi/5ce2 x is absorb$ 9 two o!r sci5ces3 7#a7 rhetoric1 if inde$ ?is anci5t art be n also fad+ away into lit]>y criticism2 7#b7 ! sci5ce ( language1 "u :i* all que/ions relat+ to words & propositions & ! comb9ations ( !m may prop]ly be includ$4 ,to cont9ue dead or imag9>y sci5ces1 :i* make no signs ( progress & h no def9ite sph]e1 t5ds to int]f]e ) ! prosecution ( liv+ ones4 ,! /udy ( !m is apt to bl9d ! judgm5t & to r5d] m5 incapable ( see+ ! value ( evid5ce1 & ev5 ( appreciat+ ! nature ( tru?4 ,nor %\ld we all[ ! liv+ sci5ce to become confus$ ) ! dead by an ambiguity ( language4 ,! t]m logic has two diff]5t mean+s1 an anci5t & a mod]n "o1 & we va9ly try to bridge ! gulf betwe5 !m4 ,_m p]plexities are avoid$ by keep+ !m ap>t4 ,!re might c]ta9ly be a new sci5ce ( logic2 x w\ld n h[ev] be built up out ( ! fragm5ts ( ! old1 b w\ld be di/9ct f !m--relative to ! /ate ( k :i* exi/s at ! pres5t "t1 & bas$ *iefly on ! me?ods ( ,mod]n ,inductive philosophy4 ,su* a sci5ce might h two legitimate fields3 fir/1 ! refutation & explanation ( false philosophies /ill hov]+ 9 ! air z !y appe> f ! po9t ( view ( lat] exp]i5ce or are compreh5d$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! human m9d1 z 9 a l>g] horizon3 secondly1 x might furni% new =ms ( ?\ght m adequate to ! expression ( all ! div]sities & oppositions ( k :i* h gr[n up 9 ^! latt] days2 x might also sugge/ new me?ods ( enquiry d]iv$ f ! comp>ison ( ! sci5ces4 ,few w d5y t ! introduction ( ! words 'subject' & 'object' & ! ,hegelian reconciliation ( opposites h be5 'mo/ graci\s aids' to psy*ology1 or t ! me?ods ( ,bacon & ,mill h %$ a light f> & wide on ! realms ( k4 ,^! two great /udies1 ! "o de/ructive & corrective ( error1 ! o!r cons]vative & con/ructive ( tru?1 might be a fir/ & second "p ( logic4 ,anci5t logic w\ld be ! propa$eutic or gate ( approa* to logical sci5ce1--no?+ m4 ,b to pursue su* speculations fur!r1 ?\gh n irrelevant1 might lead u too f> away f ! argum5t ( ! dialogue4 ,! ,eu?ydemus is1 ( all ! ,dialogues ( ,plato1 t 9 :i* he approa*es mo/ ne>ly to ! comic poet4 ,! mir? is broad]1 ! irony m su/a9$1 ! contra/ betwe5 ,socrates & ! two ,sophi/s1 al?\gh veil$1 p5etrates deep] ?an 9 any o!r ( 8 writ+s4 ,ev5 ,?rasyma*us1 9 ! ,republic1 is at la/ pacifi$1 & becomes a fri5dly & int]e/$ auditor ( ! great disc\rse4 ,b 9 ! ,eu?ydemus ! mask is nev] dropp$2 ! accu/om$ irony ( ,socrates cont9ues to ! end444 ,socrates n>rates to ,crito a rem>kable sc5e 9 :i* he has himself tak5 "p1 & 9 :i* ! two bro!rs1 ,dionysodorus & ,eu?ydemus1 are ! *ief p]=m]s4 ,!y are natives ( ,*ios1 :o _h settl$ at ,?urii1 b 7 driv5 out1 & 9 =m] days _h be5 kn[n at ,a!ns z pr(essors ( rhetoric & ( ! art ( fight+ 9 arm\r4 ,to ?is !y h n[ add$ a new accompli%m5t--! art ( ,eri/ic1 or fight+ ) words1 :i* !y are likewise will+ to tea* '= a consid]ation4' ,b !y c also tea* virtue 9 a v %ort "t & 9 ! v be/ mann]4 ,socrates1 :o is always on ! look-out = tea*]s ( virtue1 is int]e/$ 9 ! y\? ,cle9ias1 ! gr&son ( ! great ,alcibiades1 & is desir\s t he %\ld h ! b5efit ( _! in/ructions4 ,he is ready to fall d[n & wor%ip !m2 al?\gh ! greatness ( _! pr(essions does ar\se 9 8 m9d a tempor>y incr$ulity4 ,a circle ga!rs r\nd !m1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* are ,socrates1 ! two bro!rs1 ! y\? ,cle9ias1 :o is wat*$ by ! eag] eyes ( 8 lov] ,ctesippus1 & o!rs4 ,! p]=mance beg9s2 & su* a p]=mance z might well seem to require an invocation ( ,memory & ! ,muses4 ,x is agre$ t ! bro!rs %all "q ,cle9ias4 ',cle9ias1' says ,eu?ydemus1 ':o le>n1 ! wise or ! unwise8' ',! wise1' is ! reply2 giv5 ) blu%+ & hesitation4 ',& yet :5 y le>n$ y did n "k & 7 n wise4' ,!n ,dionysodorus takes up ! ball3 ',:o are !y :o le>n dictation ( ! gramm>-ma/]2 ! wise or ! fooli% boys8' ',! wise4' ',!n1 aft] all1 ! wise le>n4' ',& d !y le>n1' said ,eu?ydemus1 ':at !y "k or :at !y d n "k8' ',! latt]4' ',& dictation is a dictation ( lett]s8' ',yes4' ',& y "k lett]s8' ',yes4' ',!n y le>n :at y "k4' ',b1' retorts ,dionysodorus1 'is n le>n+ acquir+ k8' ',yes4' ',& y acquire t :i* y h n got already8' ',yes4' ',!n y le>n t :i* y d n "k4' ,socrates is afraid t ! y\? ,cle9ias may be disc\rag$ at ^! repeat$ ov]?r[s4 ,he !re=e expla9s to him ! nature ( ! process to :i* he is be+ subject$4 ,! two /rang]s are n s]i\s2 !re are je/s at ! my/]ies :i* prec$e ! en?ronem5t1 & he is be+ initiat$ into ! my/]ies ( ! sophi/ical ritual4 ,?is is all a sort ( horse-play1 :i* is n[ end$4 ,! exhortation to virtue w foll[1 & ,socrates himself 7if ! wise m5 w n laugh at him7 is desir\s ( %[+ ! way 9 :i* su* an exhortation %\ld be c>ri$ on1 accord+ to 8 own poor notion4 ,he proce$s to "q ,cle9ias4 ,! result ( ! inve/igation may be summ$ up z foll[s3-- ,all m5 desire good2 & good means ! possession ( goods1 su* z weal?1 heal?1 beauty1 bir?1 p[]1 hon\r2 n =gett+ ! virtues & wisdom4 ,& yet 9 ?is enum]ation ! greate/ good ( all is omitt$4 ,:at is t8 ,good =tune4 ,b :at ne$ is !re ( good =tune :5 we h wisdom already3--9 e art & bus9ess are n ! wise also ! =tunate8 ,?is is admitt$4 ,& aga91 ! possession ( goods is n en\gh2 !re mu/ also be a "r use ( !m :i* c only be giv5 by k3 9 !mselves !y are nei!r good nor evil--k & wisdom are ! only good1 & ignorance & folly ! only evil4 ,! conclusion is t we mu/ get 'wisdom4' ,b c wisdom be taught8 ',yes1' says ,cle9ias4 ,! +5u\sness ( ! y\? delights ,socrates1 :o is at once reliev$ f ! necessity ( discuss+ "o ( 8 great puzzles4 ',s9ce wisdom is ! only good1 he mu/ become a philosoph]1 or lov] ( wisdom4' ',t ,i w1' says ,cle9ias4 ,aft] ,socrates has giv5 ?is specim5 ( 8 own mode ( in/ruction1 ! two bro!rs recomm5ce _! exhortation to virtue1 :i* is ( q ano!r sort4 ',y want ,cle9ias to be wise8' ',yes4' ',& he is n wise yet8' ',no4' ',!n y want him to be :at he is n1 & n to be :at he is8--n to be--t is1 to p]i%4 ,pretty lov]s & fri5ds y mu/ all be6' ,"h ,ctesippus1 ! lov] ( ,cle9ias1 int]poses 9 great excitem5t1 ?9k+ t he w tea* ! two ,sophi/s a lesson ( good mann]s4 ,b he is quickly entangl$ 9 ! me%es ( _! sophi/ry2 & z a /orm seems to be ga!r+ ,socrates pacifies him ) a joke1 & ,ctesippus !n says t he is n revil+ ! two ,sophi/s1 he is only contradict+ !m4 ',b1' says ,dionysodorus1 '!re is no su* ?+ z contradiction4 ,:5 y & ,i describe ! same ?+1 or y describe "o ?+ & ,i describe ano!r1 h[ c !re be a contradiction8' ,ctesippus is unable to reply4 ,socrates has already he>d ( ! d5ial ( contradiction1 & w\ld l to be in=m$ by ! great ma/] ( ! art1 ',:at is ! mean+ ( ?is p>adox8 ,is !re no su* ?+ z error1 ignorance1 falsehood8 ,!n :at are !y pr(ess+ to tea*8' ,! two ,sophi/s compla9 t ,socrates is ready to answ] :at !y said a ye> ago1 b is 'non-pluss$' at :at !y are say+ n[4 ',:at does ! ^w non-pluss$ mean8' ,socrates is in=m$1 9 reply1 t words are lifeless ?+s1 & lifeless ?+s h no s5se or mean+4 ,ctesippus aga9 breaks out1 & aga9 has to be pacifi$ by ,socrates1 :o r5ews ! conv]sation ) ,cle9ias4 ,! two ,sophi/s are l ,proteus 9 ! v>iety ( _! trans=mations1 & he1 l ,m5elaus 9 ! ,odyssey1 hopes to re/ore !m to _! natural =m4 ,he _h arriv$ at ! conclusion t ,cle9ias mu/ become a philosoph]4 ,& philosophy is ! possession ( k2 & k mu/ be ( a k9d :i* is pr(itable & may be us$4 ,:at k is !re :i* has su* a nature8 ,n ! k :i* is requir$ 9 any p>ticul> art2 nor aga9 ! art ( ! compos] ( spee*es1 :o kn[s h[ to write !m1 b _c speak !m1 al?\gh he too mu/ be admitt$ to be a k9d ( en*ant] ( wild animals4 ,nei!r is ! k :i* we are seek+ ! k ( ! g5]al4 ,= ! g5]al makes ov] 8 prey to ! /atesman1 z ! huntsman does to ! cook1 or ! tak] ( quails to ! keep] ( quails2 he has n ! use ( t :i* he acquires4 ,! two enquir]s1 ,cle9ias & ,socrates1 are describ$ z w&]+ ab\t 9 a wild]ness1 va9ly se>*+ aft] ! art ( life & happ9ess4 ,at la/ !y fix ^u ! k+ly art1 z hav+ ! desir$ sort ( k4 ,b ! k+ly art only gives m5 ^? goods :i* are nei!r good nor evil3 & if we say fur!r t x makes u wise1 9 :at does x make u wise8 ,n 9 special arts1 su* z cobbl+ or c>p5t]+1 b only 9 itself3 or say aga9 t x makes u good1 !re is no answ] to ! "q1 'good 9 :at8' ,at l5g? 9 despair ,cle9ias & ,socrates turn to ! ',dioscuri' & reque/ _! aid4 ,eu?ydemus argues t ,socrates kn[s some?+2 & z he _c "k & n "k1 he _c "k "s ?+s & n "k o!rs1 & !re=e he kn[s all ?+s3 he & ,dionysodorus & all o!r m5 "k all ?+s4 ',d !y "k %oemak+1 etc8' ',yes4' ,! sceptical ,ctesippus w\ld l to h "s evid5ce ( ?is extraord9>y /atem5t3 he w believe if ,eu?ydemus w tell him h[ _m tee? ,dionysodorus has1 & if ,dionysodorus w give him a l piece ( in=mation ab\t ,eu?ydemus4 ,ev5 ,socrates is incr$ul\s1 & indulges 9 a little raill]y at ! exp5se ( ! bro!rs4 ,b he re/ra9s himself1 rememb]+ t if ! m5 :o are to be 8 tea*]s ?9k him /upid !y w take no pa9s ) him4 ,ano!r fallacy is produc$ :i* turns on ! absolut5ess ( ! v]b 'to "k4' ,& "h ,dionysodorus is caught 'napp+1' & is induc$ by ,socrates to confess t 'he does n "k ! good to be unju/4' ,socrates appeals to 8 bro!r ,eu?ydemus2 at ! same "t he ackn[l$ges t he _c1 l ,h]acles1 fight aga9/ a ,hydra1 & ev5 ,h]acles1 on ! approa* ( a second mon/]1 call$ ^u 8 nephew ,iolaus to help4 ,dionysodorus rejo9s t ,iolaus 0 no m ! nephew ( ,h]acles ?an ( ,socrates4 ,= a nephew is a nephew1 & a bro!r is a bro!r1 & a fa!r is a fa!r1 n ( "o man only1 b ( all2 nor ( m5 only1 b ( dogs & sea-mon/]s4 ,ctesippus makes m]ry ) ! consequ5ces :i* foll[3 ',mu* good has y\r fa!r got out ( ! wisdom ( 8 puppies4' ',b1' says ,eu?ydemus1 unaba%$1 'nobody wants mu* good4' ,m$ic9e is a good1 arms are a good1 money is a good1 & yet !re may be too mu* ( !m 9 wrong places4 ',no1' says ,ctesippus1 '!re _c be too mu* gold4' ,& w\ld y be happy if y _h ?ree tal5ts ( gold 9 y\r belly1 a tal5t 9 y\r pate1 & a /at] 9 ei!r eye8' ,ctesippus1 imitat+ ! new wisdom1 replies1 ',& d n ! ,scy?ians reckon ^? to be ! happie/ ( m5 :o h _! skulls gild$ & see ! inside ( !m8' ',d y see1' retorts ,eu?ydemus1 ':at has ! quality ( vision or :at has n ! quality ( vision8' ',:at has ! quality ( vision4' ',& y see our g>m5ts8' ',yes4' ',!n our g>m5ts h ! quality ( vision4' ,a simil> play ( words foll[s1 :i* is successfully retort$ by ,ctesippus1 to ! great delight ( ,cle9ias1 :o is rebuk$ by ,socrates = laugh+ at su* solemn & beautiful ?+s4 ',b are !re any beautiful ?+s8 ,& if !re are su*1 are !y ! same or n ! same z absolute beauty8' ,socrates replies t !y are n ! same1 b ea* ( !m has "s beauty pres5t ) x4 ',& are y an ox because y h an ox pres5t ) y8' ,aft] a few m amphiboliae1 9 :i* ,socrates1 l ,ctesippus1 9 self-def5ce borr[s ! weapons ( ! bro!rs1 !y bo? confess t ! two h]oes are inv9cible2 & ! sc5e concludes ) a gr& *orus ( %\t+ & laugh+1 & a panegyrical oration f ,socrates3-- ,fir/1 he praises ! indiff]5ce ( ,dionysodorus & ,eu?ydemus to public op9ion2 = mo/ p]sons w\ld r be refut$ by su* argum5ts ?an use !m 9 ! refutation ( o!rs4 ,secondly1 he rem>ks ^u _! imp>tiality2 = !y /op _! own m\?s1 z well z ^? ( o!r p4 ,?irdly1 he notes _! lib]ality1 :i* makes !m give away _! secret to all ! _w3 !y %\ld be m res]v$1 & let no "o be pres5t at ?is exhibition :o does n pay !m a h&some fee2 or bett] /ill !y might practise on "o ano!r only4 ,he concludes ) a respectful reque/ t !y w receive him & ,cle9ias among _! disciples4 ,crito tells ,socrates t he has he>d "o ( ! audi5ce criticise sev]ely ?is wisdom1--n sp>+ ,socrates himself = c\nt5anc+ su* an exhibition4 ,socrates asks :at mann] ( man 0 ?is c5sori\s critic4 ',n an orator1 b a great compos] ( spee*es4' ,socrates und]/&s t he is an amphibi\s animal1 half philosoph]1 half politician2 "o ( a class :o h ! highe/ op9ion ( !mselves & a spite aga9/ philosoph]s1 :om !y imag9e to be _! rivals4 ,!y are a class :o are v likely to get maul$ by ,eu?ydemus & 8 fri5ds1 & h a great notion ( _! own wisdom2 = !y imag9e !mselves to h all ! advantages & none ( ! drawbacks bo? ( politics & ( philosophy4 ,!y d n und]/& ! pr9ciples ( comb9ation1 & h5ce are ignorant t ! union ( two good ?+s :i* h diff]5t ends produces a comp\nd inf]ior to ei!r ( !m tak5 sep>ately4 ,crito is anxi\s ab\t ! education ( 8 *ildr51 "o ( :om is gr[+ up4 ,! description ( ,dionysodorus & ,eu?ydemus sugge/s to him ! reflection t ! pr(essors ( education are /range be+s4 ,socrates consoles him ) ! rem>k t ! good 9 all pr(essions are few1 & recomm5ds t 'he & 8 h\se' %\ld cont9ue to s]ve philosophy1 & n m9d ab\t its pr(essors4 444 ,!re is a /age 9 ! hi/ory ( philosophy 9 :i* ! old is dy+ out1 & ! new has n yet come into full life4 ,great philosophies l ! ,eleatic or ,h]aclitean1 :i* h enl>g$ ! b\nd>ies ( ! human m9d1 beg9 to pass away 9 words4 ,!y subsi/ only z =ms :i* h root$ !mselves 9 language--z tr\blesome elem5ts ( ?\ght :i* _c be ei!r us$ or expla9$ away4 ,! same absolut5ess :i* 0 once attribut$ to ab/ractions is n[ atta*$ to ! words :i* are ! signs ( !m4 ,! philosophy :i* 9 ! fir/ & second g5]ation 0 a great & inspir+ ef=t ( reflection1 9 ! ?ird becomes sophi/ical1 v]bal1 eri/ic4 ,x is ?is /age ( philosophy :i* ,plato satirises 9 ! ,eu?ydemus4 ,! fallacies :i* are not$ by him appe> trifl+ to u n[1 b !y 7 n trifl+ 9 ! age be=e logic1 9 ! decl9e ( ! e>li] ,greek philosophies1 at a "t :5 language 0 fir/ beg9n+ to p]plex human ?\ght4 ,besides he is c>icatur+ !m2 !y probably receiv$ m subtle =ms at ! h&s ( ^? :o s]i\sly ma9ta9$ !m4 ,!y are pat5t to u 9 ,plato1 & we are incl9$ to wond] h[ any "o c\ld ev] h be5 deceiv$ by !m2 b we mu/ rememb] also t !re 0 a "t :5 ! human m9d 0 only ) great difficulty dis5tangl$ f su* fallacies4 ,to appreciate fully ! drift ( ! ,eu?ydemus1 we %\ld imag9e a m5tal /ate 9 :i* n individuals only1 b :ole s*ools dur+ m ?an "o g5]ation1 7 animat$ by ! desire to exclude ! conception ( re/1 & !re=e ! v ^w '?is' 7,!aet47 f language2 9 :i* ! ideas ( space1 "t1 matt]1 motion1 7 prov$ to be contradictory & imag9>y2 9 :i* ! nature ( qualitative *ange 0 a puzzle1 & ev5 diff]5ces ( degree1 :5 appli$ to ab/ract notions1 7 n und]/ood2 9 :i* !re 0 no analysis ( gramm>1 & m]e puns or plays ( words receiv$ s]i\s att5tion2 9 :i* contradiction itself 0 d5i$1 &1 on ! "o h&1 e pr$icate 0 affirm$ to be true ( e subject1 & on ! o!r1 x 0 held t no pr$icate 0 true ( any subject1 & t no?+ 01 or 0 kn[n1 or c\ld be spok54 ,let u imag9e disputes c>ri$ on ) religi\s e>ne/ness & m ?an s*ola/ic subtlety1 9 :i* ! cat*words ( philosophy are completely deta*$ f _! context4 7,comp>e ,!aet47 ,to su* disputes ! hum\r1 :e!r ( ,plato 9 ! anci5t1 or ( ,pope & ,swift 9 ! mod]n _w1 is ! natural enemy4 ,nor mu/ we =get t 9 mod]n times also !re is no fallacy s gross1 no trick ( language s transp>5t1 no ab/raction s b>r5 & unmean+1 no =m ( ?\ght s contradictory to exp]i5ce1 :i* has n be5 f\nd to satisfy ! m9ds ( philosophical enquir]s at a c]ta9 /age1 or :5 reg>d$ f a c]ta9 po9t ( view only4 ,! peculi>ity ( ! fallacies ( our own age is t we live )9 !m1 & are !re=e g5]ally unconsci\s ( !m4 ,ari/otle has analys$ sev]al ( ! same fallacies 9 8 book ',de ,sophi/icis ,el5*is1' :i* ,plato1 ) equal comm& ( _! true nature1 has pref]r$ to br+ to ! te/ ( ridicule4 ,at fir/ we are only /ruck ) ! broad hum\r ( ?is 'r$uctio ad absurdum3' gradually we p]ceive t "s important que/ions beg9 to em]ge4 ,"h1 z ev]y:]e else1 ,plato is mak+ w> aga9/ ! philosoph]s :o put words 9 ! place ( ?+s1 :o te> argum5ts to tatt]s1 :o d5y pr$ication1 & ?us make k impossible1 to :om ideas & objects ( s5se h no fix$ness1 b are 9 a /ate ( p]petual oscillation & transition4 ,two great tru?s seem to be indirectly taught ?r\gh ^! fallacies3 7#a7 ,! unc]ta9ty ( language1 :i* all[s ! same words to be us$ 9 diff]5t mean+s1 or ) diff]5t degrees ( mean+3 7#b7 ,! necess>y limitation or relative nature ( all ph5om5a4 ,plato is aw>e t 8 own doctr9e ( ideas1 z well z ! ,eleatic ,be+ & ,n-be+1 alike admit ( be+ reg>d$ z v]bal fallacies4 ,! sophism advanc$ 9 ! ,m5o1 't y _c enquire ei!r into :at y "k or d n "k1' is lightly t\*$ ^u at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,dialogue2 ! !sis ( ,protagoras1 t ev]y?+ is true to him to :om x seems to be true1 is satiriz$4 ,9 contra/ ) ^! fallacies is ma9ta9$ ! ,socratic doctr9e t happ9ess is ga9$ by k4 ,! grammatical puzzles ) :i* ! ,dialogue concludes probably conta9 allusions to tricks ( language :i* may h be5 practis$ by ! disciples ( ,prodicus or ,anti/h5es4 ,!y w\ld h _h m po9t1 if we 7 acqua9t$ ) ! writ+s aga9/ :i* ,plato's hum\r is direct$4 ,mo/ ( ! je/s appe> to h a s]i\s mean+2 b we h lo/ ! clue to "s ( !m1 & _c det]m9e :e!r1 z 9 ! ,cratylus1 ,plato has or has n mix$ up purely unmean+ fun ) 8 satire4 ,! two disc\rses ( ,socrates may be contra/$ 9 sev]al respects ) ! exhibition ( ! ,sophi/s3 7#a7 ,9 _! p]fect relevancy to ! subject ( discussion1 :]eas ! ,sophi/ical disc\rses are :olly irrelevant3 7#b7 ,9 _! enquir+ sympa!tic tone1 :i* enc\rages ! y\?1 in/ead ( 'knock+ him d[n1' aft] ! mann] ( ! two ,sophi/s3 7#c7 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any def9ite conclusion--= :ile ,socrates & ! y\? are agre$ t philosophy is to be /udi$1 !y are n able to arrive at any c]ta9 result ab\t ! art :i* is to tea* x4 ,?is is a "q :i* w h]eaft] be answ]$ 9 ! ,republic2 z ! conception ( ! k+ly art is m fully develop$ 9 ! ,politicus1 & ! c>icature ( rhetoric 9 ! ,gorgias4 ,! *>act]s ( ! ,dialogue are easily intelligible4 ,!re is ,socrates once m 9 ! "* ( an old man2 & 8 equal 9 ye>s1 ,crito1 ! fa!r ( ,critobulus1 l ,lysima*us 9 ! ,la*es1 8 fell[ demesman 7,apol471 to :om ! sc5e is n>rat$1 & :o once or twice int]rupts ) a rem>k aft] ! mann] ( ! int]locutor 9 ! ,pha$o1 & adds 8 comm5t>y at ! end2 ,socrates makes a playful allusion to 8 money-gett+ habits4 ,!re is ! y\? ,cle9ias1 ! gr&son ( ,alcibiades1 :o may be comp>$ ) ,lysis1 ,*>mides1 ,m5ex5us1 & o!r +5u\s y\?s out ( ^: m\?s ,socrates draws 8 own lessons1 & to :om he always seems to /& 9 a k9dly & sympa!tic relation4 ,crito w n believe t ,socrates has n improv$ or p]haps inv5t$ ! answ]s ( ,cle9ias 7comp>e ,pha$rus74 ,! "n ( ! gr&son ( ,alcibiades1 :o is describ$ z long dead1 7,greek71 & :o di$ at ! age ( =ty-f\r1 9 ! ye> #djd ,b4,c41 sugge/s n only t ! int5d$ sc5e ( ! ,eu?ydemus c\ld n h be5 e>li] ?an #djd1 b t z a fact ?is ,dialogue c\ld n h be5 compos$ be=e #cij at ! soone/4 ,ctesippus1 :o is ! lov] ( ,cle9ias1 has be5 already introduc$ to u 9 ! ,lysis1 & seems !re too to des]ve ! "* :i* is "h giv5 him1 ( a some:at upro>i\s "y man4 ,b ! *ief /udy ( all is ! picture ( ! two bro!rs1 :o are unapproa*able 9 _! effront]y1 equally c>eless ( :at !y say to o!rs & ( :at is said to !m1 & nev] at a loss4 ,!y are ',arcades ambo et cant>e p>es et respond]e p>ati4' ,"s sup]ior degree ( wit or subtlety is attribut$ to ,eu?ydemus1 :o sees ! trap 9 :i* ,socrates cat*es ,dionysodorus4 ,! epilogue or conclusion ( ! ,dialogue has be5 criticis$ z inconsi/5t ) ! g5]al s*eme4 ,su* a criticism is l simil> criticisms on ,%akespe>e1 & proce$s ^u a n>r[ notion ( ! v>iety :i* ! ,dialogue1 l ! drama1 seems to admit4 ,plato 9 ! abundance ( 8 dramatic p[] has *os5 to write a play ^u a play1 j z he (t5 gives u an argum5t )9 an argum5t4 ,at ! same "t he takes ! opportunity ( assail+ ano!r class ( p]sons :o are z ali5 f ! _s ( philosophy z ,eu?ydemus & ,dionysodorus4 ,! ,eclectic1 ! ,syncreti/1 ! ,doctr9aire1 h be5 apt to h a bad "n bo? 9 anci5t & mod]n times4 ,! p]sons :om ,plato ridicules 9 ! epilogue to ! ,eu?ydemus are ( ?is class4 ,!y occupy a bord]-gr\nd betwe5 philosophy & politics2 !y keep out ( ! dang]s ( politics1 & at ! same "t use philosophy z a means ( s]v+ _! own int]e/s4 ,plato qua9tly describes !m z mak+ two good ?+s1 philosophy & politics1 a little worse by p]v]t+ ! objects ( bo?4 ,m5 l ,antiphon or ,lysias w\ld be types ( ! class4 ,out ( a reg>d to ! respectabilities ( life1 !y are dispos$ to c5sure ! int]e/ :i* ,socrates takes 9 ! exhibition ( ! two bro!rs4 ,!y d n und]/&1 any m ?an ,crito1 t he is pursu+ 8 vocation ( detect+ ! follies ( mank9d1 :i* he f9ds 'n unpleasant4' 7,comp>e ,apol47 ,education is ! common subject ( all ,plato's e>li] ,dialogues4 ,! conclud+ rem>k ( ,crito1 t he has a difficulty 9 educat+ 8 two sons1 & ! advice ( ,socrates to him t he %\ld n give up philosophy because he has no fai? 9 philosoph]s1 seems to be a prep>ation = ! m p]emptory decl>ation ( ! ,m5o t ',virtue _c be taught because !re are no tea*]s4' ,! reasons = plac+ ! ,eu?ydemus e>ly 9 ! s]ies are3 7#a7 ! simil>ity 9 plan & /yle to ! ,protagoras1 ,*>mides1 & ,lysis2--! relation ( ,socrates to ! ,sophi/s is /ill t ( humor\s antagonism1 n1 z 9 ! lat] ,dialogues ( ,plato1 ( embitt]$ hatr$2 & ! places & p]sons h a consid]able family lik5ess2 7#b7 ! ,eu?ydemus belongs to ! ,socratic p]iod 9 :i* ,socrates is repres5t$ z will+ to le>n1 b unable to tea*2 & 9 ! _s ( ,x5ophon's ,memorabilia1 philosophy is def9$ z '! k :i* w make u happy2' 7#c7 we seem to h pass$ ! /age arriv$ at 9 ! ,protagoras1 = ,socrates is no long] discuss+ :e!r virtue c be taught--f ?is "q he is reliev$ by ! +5u\s decl>ation ( ! y\? ,cle9ias2 & 7#d7 n yet to h rea*$ ! po9t at :i* he ass]ts 't !re are no tea*]s4' ,su* gr\nds are prec>i\s1 z argum5ts f /yle & plan are apt to be 7,greek74 ,b no argum5ts equally /rong c be urg$ 9 fav\r ( assign+ to ! ,eu?ydemus any o!r position 9 ! s]ies4 ,,eu?ydemus ,,p]sons ,,( ,,! ,,dialogue3 ,socrates1 :o is ! n>rator ( ! ,dialogue4 ,crito1 ,cle9ias1 ,eu?ydemus1 ,dionysodorus1 ,ctesippus4 ,,sc5e3 ,! ,lyceum4 ,,crito3 ,:o 0 ! p]son1 ,socrates1 ) :om y 7 talk+ ye/]day at ! ,lyceum8 ,!re 0 su* a cr[d ar\nd y t ,i c\ld n get )9 he>+1 b ,i caught a sight ( him ov] _! heads1 & ,i made out1 z ,i ?\ght1 t he 0 a /rang] ) :om y 7 talk+3 :o 0 he8 ,,socrates3 ,!re 7 two1 ,crito2 :i* ( !m d y mean8 ,,crito3 ,! "o :om ,i mean 0 seat$ second f y on ! "r-h& side4 ,9 ! middle 0 ,cle9ias ! "y son ( ,axio*us1 :o has wond]fully gr[n2 he is only ab\t ! age ( my own ,critobulus1 b he is mu* =w>d] & v good-look+3 ! o!r is ?9 & looks y\ng] ?an he is4 ,,socrates3 ,he :om y mean1 ,crito1 is ,eu?ydemus2 & on my left h& !re 0 8 bro!r ,dionysodorus1 :o also took "p 9 ! conv]sation4 ,,crito3 ,nei!r ( !m are kn[n to me1 ,socrates2 !y are a new importation ( ,sophi/s1 z ,i %\ld imag9e4 ,( :at c\ntry are !y1 & :at is _! l9e ( wisdom8 ,,socrates3 ,z to _! orig91 ,i believe t !y are natives ( ?is "p ( ! _w1 & h migrat$ f ,*ios to ,?urii2 !y 7 driv5 out ( ,?urii1 & h be5 liv+ = _m ye>s pa/ 9 ^! regions4 ,z to _! wisdom1 ab\t :i* y ask1 ,crito1 !y are wond]ful--consummate6 ,i nev] knew :at ! true pancratia/ 0 be=e2 !y are simply made up ( fight+1 n l ! two ,ac>nanian bro!rs :o fight ) _! bodies only1 b ?is pair ( h]oes1 besides be+ p]fect 9 ! use ( _! bodies1 are inv9cible 9 e sort ( w>f>e2 = !y are capital at fight+ 9 arm\r1 & w tea* ! art to any "o :o pays !m2 & also !y are mo/ skilful 9 legal w>f>e2 !y w plead !mselves & tea* o!rs to speak & to compose spee*es :i* w h an effect ^u ! c\rts4 ,& ?is 0 only ! beg9n+ ( _! wisdom1 b !y h at la/ c>ri$ out ! pancratia/ic art to ! v end1 & h ma/]$ ! only mode ( fight+ :i* _h be5 hi!rto neglect$ by !m2 & n[ no "o d>es ev5 to /& up aga9/ !m3 su* is _! skill 9 ! w> ( words1 t !y c refute any proposition :e!r true or false4 ,n[ ,i am ?9k+1 ,crito1 ( plac+ myself 9 _! h&s2 = !y say t 9 a %ort "t !y c imp>t _! skill to any "o4 ,,crito3 ,b1 ,socrates1 are y n too old8 !re may be reason to fe> t4 ,,socrates3 ,c]ta9ly n1 ,crito2 z ,i w prove to y1 = ,i h ! consolation ( kn[+ t !y began ?is art ( disputation :i* ,i covet1 q1 z ,i may say1 9 old age2 la/ ye>1 or ! ye> be=e1 !y _h none ( _! new wisdom4 ,i am only appreh5sive t ,i may br+ ! two /rang]s into disrepute1 z ,i h done ,connus ! son ( ,metrobius1 ! h>p-play]1 :o is /ill my music-ma/]2 = :5 ! boys :o g to him see me go+ ) !m1 !y laugh at me & call him gr&papa's ma/]4 ,n[ ,i %\ld n l ! /rang]s to exp]i5ce simil> treatm5t2 ! fe> ( ridicule may make !m unwill+ to receive me2 & !re=e1 ,crito1 ,i %all try & p]suade "s old m5 to accompany me to !m1 z ,i p]suad$ !m to g ) me to ,connus1 & ,i hope t y w make "o3 & p]haps we _h bett] take y\r sons z a bait2 !y w want to h !m z pupils1 & = ! sake ( !m will+ to receive u4 ,,crito3 ,i see no objection1 ,socrates1 if y l2 b fir/ ,i wi% t y w\ld give me a description ( _! wisdom1 t ,i may "k be=eh& :at we are go+ to le>n4 ,,socrates3 ,9 less ?an no "t y %all he>2 = ,i _c say t ,i did n att5d--,i paid great att5tion to !m1 & ,i rememb] & w endeav\r to repeat ! :ole /ory4 ,provid5tially ,i 0 sitt+ alone 9 ! dress+-room ( ! ,lyceum :]e y saw me1 & 0 ab\t to dep>t2 :5 ,i 0 gett+ up ,i recogniz$ ! famili> div9e sign3 s ,i sat d[n aga91 & 9 a little :ile ! two bro!rs ,eu?ydemus & ,dionysodorus came 91 & sev]al o!rs ) !m1 :om ,i believe to be _! disciples1 & !y walk$ ab\t 9 ! cov]$ c\rt2 !y _h n tak5 m ?an two or ?ree turns :5 ,cle9ias ent]$1 :o1 z y truly say1 is v mu* improv$3 he 0 foll[$ by a ho/ ( lov]s1 "o ( :om 0 ,ctesippus ! ,paeanian1 a well-br$ y\?1 b also hav+ ! wildness ( y\?4 ,cle9ias saw me f ! entrance z ,i 0 sitt+ alone1 & at once came & sat d[n on ! "r h& ( me1 z y describe2 & ,dionysodorus & ,eu?ydemus1 :5 !y saw him1 at fir/ /opp$ & talk$ ) "o ano!r1 n[ & !n glanc+ at u1 = ,i p>ticul>ly wat*$ !m2 & !n ,eu?ydemus came & sat d[n by ! y\?1 & ! o!r by me on ! left h&2 ! re/ any:]e4 ,i salut$ ! bro!rs1 :om ,i _h n se5 = a long "t2 & !n ,i said to ,cle9ias3 ,"h are two wise m51 ,eu?ydemus & ,dionysodorus1 ,cle9ias1 wise n 9 a small b 9 a l>ge way ( wisdom1 = !y "k all ab\t w>1--all t a good g5]al ought to "k ab\t ! array & comm& ( an army1 & ! :ole art ( fight+ 9 arm\r3 & !y "k ab\t law too1 & c tea* a man h[ to use ! weapons ( ! c\rts :5 he is injur$4 ,!y he>d me say ?is1 b only despis$ me4 ,i obs]v$ t !y look$ at "o ano!r1 & bo? ( !m laugh$2 & !n ,eu?ydemus said3 ,^?1 ,socrates1 are matt]s :i* we no long] pursue s]i\sly2 to u !y are second>y occupations4 ,inde$1 ,i said1 if su* occupations are reg>d$ by y z second>y1 :at mu/ ! pr9cipal "o be2 tell me1 ,i besee* y1 :at t noble /udy is8 ,! tea*+ ( virtue1 ,socrates1 he repli$1 is our pr9cipal occupation2 & we believe t we c imp>t x bett] & quick] ?an any man4 ,my ,god6 ,i said1 & :]e did y le>n t8 ,i always ?\ght1 z ,i 0 say+ j n[1 t y\r *ief accompli%m5t 0 ! art ( fight+ 9 arm\r2 & ,i us$ to say z mu* ( y1 = ,i rememb] t y pr(ess$ ?is :5 y 7 "h be=e4 ,b n[ if y really h ! o!r k1 ,o =give me3 ,i address y z ,i w\ld sup]ior be+s1 & ask y to p>don ! impiety ( my =m] expressions4 ,b are y q sure ab\t ?is1 ,dionysodorus & ,eu?ydemus8 ! promise is s va/1 t a feel+ ( incr$ulity /eals ov] me4 ,y may take our ^w1 ,socrates1 = ! fact4 ,!n ,i ?9k y happi] 9 hav+ su* a treasure ?an ! great k+ is 9 ! possession ( 8 k+dom4 ,& please to tell me :e!r y int5d to exhibit y\r wisdom2 or :at w y d8 ,t is :y we h come hi!r1 ,socrates2 & our purpose is n only to exhibit1 b also to tea* any "o :o likes to le>n4 ,b ,i c promise y1 ,i said1 t e unvirtu\s p]son w want to le>n4 ,i %all be ! fir/2 & !re is ! y\? ,cle9ias1 & ,ctesippus3 & "h are sev]al o!rs1 ,i said1 po9t+ to ! lov]s ( ,cle9ias1 :o 7 beg9n+ to ga!r r\nd u4 ,n[ ,ctesippus 0 sitt+ at "s di/ance f ,cle9ias2 & :5 ,eu?ydemus lean$ =w>d 9 talk+ ) me1 he 0 prev5t$ f see+ ,cle9ias1 :o 0 betwe5 u2 & s1 p>tly because he want$ to look at 8 love1 & also because he 0 int]e/$1 he jump$ up & /ood opposite to u3 & all ! o!r admir]s ( ,cle9ias1 z well z ! disciples ( ,eu?ydemus & ,dionysodorus1 foll[$ 8 example4 ,& ^! 7 ! p]sons :om ,i %[$ to ,eu?ydemus1 tell+ him t !y 7 all eag] to le>n3 to :i* ,ctesippus & all ( !m ) "o voice vehem5tly ass5t$1 & bid him exhibit ! p[] ( 8 wisdom4 ,!n ,i said3 ,o ,eu?ydemus & ,dionysodorus1 ,i e>ne/ly reque/ y to d myself & ! company ! fav\r to exhibit4 ,!re may be "s tr\ble 9 giv+ ! :ole exhibition2 b tell me "o ?+1--c y make a good man ( him only :o is already conv9c$ t he ought to le>n ( y1 or ( him also :o is n conv9c$1 ei!r because he imag9es t virtue is a ?+ :i* _c be taught at all1 or t y are n ! tea*]s ( x8 ,has y\r art p[] to p]suade him1 :o is ( ! latt] temp] ( m9d1 t virtue c be taught2 & t y are ! m5 f :om he w be/ le>n x8 ,c]ta9ly1 ,socrates1 said ,dionysodorus2 our art w d bo?4 ,& y & y\r bro!r1 ,dionysodorus1 ,i said1 ( all m5 :o are n[ liv+ are ! mo/ likely to /imulate him to philosophy & to ! /udy ( virtue8 ,yes1 ,socrates1 ,i r ?9k t we are4 ,!n ,i wi% t y w\ld be s good z to def] ! o!r "p ( ! exhibition1 & only try to p]suade ! y\? :om y see "h t he ought to be a philosoph] & /udy virtue4 ,exhibit t1 & y w conf] a great fav\r on me & on e "o pres5t2 = ! fact is ,i & all ( u are extremely anxi\s t he %\ld become truly good4 ,8 "n is ,cle9ias1 & he is ! son ( ,axio*us1 & gr&son ( ! old ,alcibiades1 c\s9 ( ! ,alcibiades t n[ is4 ,he is q "y1 & we are naturally afraid t "s "o may get ! />t ( u1 & turn 8 m9d 9 a wrong direction1 & he may be ru9$4 ,y\r visit1 !re=e1 is mo/ happily tim$2 & ,i hope t y w make a trial ( ! "y man1 & conv]se ) him 9 our pres5ce1 if y h no objection4 ,^! 7 pretty ne>ly ! expressions :i* ,i us$2 & ,eu?ydemus1 9 a manly & at ! same "t enc\rag+ tone1 repli$3 ,!re c be no objection1 ,socrates1 if ! "y man is only will+ to answ] que/ions4 ,he is q accu/om$ to d s1 ,i repli$2 = 8 fri5ds (t5 come & ask him que/ions & argue ) him2 & !re=e he is q at home 9 answ]+4 ,:at foll[$1 ,crito1 h[ c ,i rightly n>rate8 ,= n slight is ! task ( rehe>s+ inf9ite wisdom1 & !re=e1 l ! poets1 ,i ought to comm5ce my relation ) an invocation to ,memory & ! ,muses4 ,n[ ,eu?ydemus1 if ,i rememb] rightly1 began ne>ly z foll[s3 ,o ,cle9ias1 are ^? :o le>n ! wise or ! ignorant8 ,! y\?1 ov]p[]$ by ! "q blu%$1 & 9 8 p]plexity look$ at me = help2 & ,i1 kn[+ t he 0 disconc]t$1 said3 ,take c\rage1 ,cle9ias1 & answ] l a man :i*ev] y ?9k2 = my belief is t y w d]ive ! greate/ b5efit f _! que/ions4 ,:i*ev] he answ]s1 said ,dionysodorus1 lean+ =w>d s z to cat* my e>1 8 face beam+ ) laught]1 ,i prophesy t he w be refut$1 ,socrates4 ,:ile he 0 speak+ to me1 ,cle9ias gave 8 answ]3 & !re=e ,i _h no "t to w>n him ( ! pr$icam5t 9 :i* he 0 plac$1 & he answ]$ t ^? :o le>n$ 7 ! wise4 ,eu?ydemus proce$$3 ,!re are "s :om y w\ld call tea*]s1 are !re n8 ,! boy ass5t$4 ,& !y are ! tea*]s ( ^? :o le>n--! gramm>-ma/] & ! lyre-ma/] us$ to tea* y & o!r boys2 & y 7 ! le>n]s8 ,yes4 ,& :5 y 7 le>n]s y did n z yet "k ! ?+s :i* y 7 le>n+8 ,no1 he said4 ,& 7 y wise !n8 ,no1 inde$1 he said4 ,b if y 7 n wise y 7 unle>n$8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,y !n1 le>n+ :at y did n "k1 7 unle>n$ :5 y 7 le>n+8 ,! y\? nodd$ ass5t4 ,!n ! unle>n$ le>n1 & n ! wise1 ,cle9ias1 z y imag9e4 ,at ^! words ! foll[]s ( ,eu?ydemus1 ( :om ,i spoke1 l a *orus at ! bidd+ ( _! director1 laugh$ & *e]$4 ,!n1 be=e ! y\? _h "t to recov] 8 brea?1 ,dionysodorus clev]ly took him 9 h&1 & said3 ,yes1 ,cle9ias2 & :5 ! gramm>-ma/] dictat$ any?+ to y1 7 !y ! wise boys or ! unle>n$ :o le>n$ ! dictation8 ,! wise1 repli$ ,cle9ias4 ,!n aft] all ! wise are ! le>n]s & n ! unle>n$2 & y\r la/ answ] to ,eu?ydemus 0 wrong4 ,!n once m ! admir]s ( ! two h]oes1 9 an ec/asy at _! wisdom1 gave v5t to ano!r peal ( laught]1 :ile ! re/ ( u 7 sil5t & amaz$4 ,eu?ydemus1 obs]v+ ?is1 det]m9$ to p]sev]e ) ! y\?2 & 9 ord] to height5 ! effect w5t on ask+ ano!r simil> "q1 :i* might be comp>$ to ! d\ble turn ( an exp]t danc]4 ,d ^?1 said he1 :o le>n1 le>n :at !y "k1 or :at !y d n "k8 ,aga9 ,dionysodorus :isp]$ to me3 ,t1 ,socrates1 is j ano!r ( ! same sort4 ,good heav5s1 ,i said2 & y\r la/ "q 0 s good6 ,l all our o!r que/ions1 ,socrates1 he repli$--inevitable4 ,i see ! reason1 ,i said1 :y y are 9 su* reputation among y\r disciples4 ,mean:ile ,cle9ias _h answ]$ ,eu?ydemus t ^? :o le>n$ le>n :at !y d n "k2 & he put him ?r\gh a s]ies ( que/ions ! same z be=e4 ,d y n "k lett]s8 ,he ass5t$4 ,all lett]s8 ,yes4 ,b :5 ! tea*] dictates to y1 does he n dictate lett]s8 ,to ?is also he ass5t$4 ,!n if y "k all lett]s1 he dictates t :i* y "k8 ,?is aga9 0 admitt$ by him4 ,!n1 said ! o!r1 y d n le>n t :i* he dictates2 b he only :o does n "k lett]s le>ns8 ,nay1 said ,cle9ias2 b ,i d le>n4 ,!n1 said he1 y le>n :at y "k1 if y "k all ! lett]s8 ,he admitt$ t4 ,!n1 he said1 y 7 wrong 9 y\r answ]4 ,! ^w 0 h>dly out ( 8 m\? :5 ,dionysodorus took up ! argum5t1 l a ball :i* he caught1 & _h ano!r ?r[ at ! y\?4 ,cle9ias1 he said1 ,eu?ydemus is deceiv+ y4 ,= tell me n[1 is n le>n+ acquir+ k ( t :i* "o le>ns8 ,cle9ias ass5t$4 ,& kn[+ is hav+ k at ! "t8 ,he agre$4 ,& n kn[+ is n hav+ k at ! "t8 ,he admitt$ t4 ,& are ^? :o acquire ^? :o h or h n a ?+8 ,^? :o h n4 ,& h y n admitt$ t ^? :o d n "k are ( ! numb] ( ^? :o h n8 ,he nodd$ ass5t4 ,!n ^? :o le>n are ( ! class ( ^? :o acquire1 & n ( ^? :o h8 ,he agre$4 ,!n1 ,cle9ias1 he said1 ^? :o d n "k le>n1 & n ^? :o "k4 ,eu?ydemus 0 proce$+ to give ! y\? a ?ird fall2 b ,i knew t he 0 9 deep wat]1 & !re=e1 z ,i want$ to give him a respite le/ he %\ld be di%e>t5$1 ,i said to him consol+ly3 ,y mu/ n be surpris$1 ,cle9ias1 at ! s+ul>ity ( _! mode ( spee*3 ?is ,i say because y may n und]/& :at ! two /rang]s are do+ ) y2 !y are only initiat+ y aft] ! mann] ( ! ,corybantes 9 ! my/]ies2 & ?is answ]s to ! en?ronem5t1 :i*1 if y h ev] be5 initiat$1 is1 z y w "k1 accompani$ by danc+ & sport2 & n[ !y are j pranc+ & danc+ ab\t y1 & w next proce$ to initiate y2 imag9e !n t y h gone ?r\gh ! fir/ "p ( ! sophi/ical ritual1 :i*1 z ,prodicus says1 beg9s ) initiation into ! correct use ( t]ms4 ,! two =eign g5tlem51 p]ceiv+ t y did n "k1 want$ to expla9 to y t ! ^w 'to le>n' has two mean+s1 & is us$1 fir/1 9 ! s5se ( acquir+ k ( "s matt] ( :i* y previ\sly h no k1 & also1 :5 y h ! k1 9 ! s5se ( review+ ?is matt]1 :e!r some?+ done or spok5 by ! light ( ?is newly-acquir$ k2 ! latt] is g5]ally call$ 'kn[+' r ?an 'le>n+1' b ! ^w 'le>n+' is also us$2 & y did n see1 z !y expla9$ to y1 t ! t]m is employ$ ( two opposite sorts ( m51 ( ^? :o "k1 & ( ^? :o d n "k4 ,!re 0 a simil> trick 9 ! second "q1 :5 !y ask$ y :e!r m5 le>n :at !y "k or :at !y d n "k4 ,^! p>ts ( le>n+ are n s]i\s1 & !re=e ,i say t ! g5tlem5 are n s]i\s1 b are only play+ ) y4 ,= if a man _h all t sort ( k t ev] 01 he w\ld n be at all ! wis]2 he w\ld only be able to play ) m51 tripp+ !m up & ov]sett+ !m ) di/9ctions ( words4 ,he w\ld be l a p]son :o pulls away a /ool f "s "o :5 he is ab\t to sit d[n1 & !n laughs & makes m]ry at ! sight ( 8 fri5d ov]turn$ & laid on 8 back4 ,& y mu/ reg>d all t has hi!rto pass$ betwe5 y & !m z m]ely play4 ,b 9 :at is to foll[ ,i am c]ta9 t !y w exhibit to y _! s]i\s purpose1 & keep _! promise 7,i w %[ !m h[72 = !y promis$ to give me a sample ( ! hortatory philosophy1 b ,i suppose t !y want$ to h a game ) y fir/4 ,& n[1 ,eu?ydemus & ,dionysodorus1 ,i ?9k t we h _h en\gh ( ?is4 ,w y let me see y expla9+ to ! "y man h[ he is to apply himself to ! /udy ( virtue & wisdom8 ,& ,i w fir/ %[ y :at ,i conceive to be ! nature ( ! task1 & :at sort ( a disc\rse ,i desire to he>2 & if ,i d ?is 9 a v in>ti/ic & ridicul\s mann]1 d n laugh at me1 = ,i only v5ture to improvise be=e y because ,i am eag] to he> y\r wisdom3 & ,i mu/ !re=e ask y & y\r disciples to refra9 f laugh+4 ,& n[1 ,o son ( ,axio*us1 let me put a "q to y3 ,d n all m5 desire happ9ess8 ,& yet1 p]haps1 ?is is "o ( ^? ridicul\s que/ions :i* ,i am afraid to ask1 & :i* ought n to be ask$ by a s5sible man3 = :at human be+ is !re :o does n desire happ9ess8 ,!re is no "o1 said ,cle9ias1 :o does n4 ,well1 !n1 ,i said1 s9ce we all ( u desire happ9ess1 h[ c we be happy8--t is ! next "q4 ,%all we n be happy if we h _m good ?+s8 ,& ?is1 p]haps1 is ev5 a m simple "q ?an ! fir/1 = !re c be no d\bt ( ! answ]4 ,he ass5t$4 ,& :at ?+s d we e/eem good8 ,no solemn sage is requir$ to tell u ?is1 :i* may be easily answ]$2 = e "o w say t weal? is a good4 ,c]ta9ly1 he said4 ,& are n heal? & beauty goods1 & o!r p]sonal gifts8 ,he agre$4 ,c !re be any d\bt t good bir?1 & p[]1 & hon\rs 9 "o's own l&1 are goods8 ,he ass5t$4 ,& :at o!r goods are !re8 ,i said4 ,:at d y say ( temp]ance1 ju/ice1 c\rage3 d y n v]ily & inde$ ?9k1 ,cle9ias1 t we %all be m "r 9 rank+ !m z goods ?an 9 n rank+ !m z goods8 ,= a dispute might possibly arise ab\t ?is4 ,:at !n d y say8 ,!y are goods1 said ,cle9ias4 ,v well1 ,i said2 & :]e 9 ! company %all we f9d a place = wisdom--among ! goods or n8 ,among ! goods4 ,& n[1 ,i said1 ?9k :e!r we h left out any consid]able goods4 ,i d n ?9k t we h1 said ,cle9ias4 ,^u recollection1 ,i said1 inde$ ,i am afraid t we h left out ! greate/ ( !m all4 ,:at is t8 he ask$4 ,=tune1 ,cle9ias1 ,i repli$2 :i* all1 ev5 ! mo/ fooli%1 admit to be ! greate/ ( goods4 ,true1 he said4 ,on second ?\ghts1 ,i add$1 h[ n>r[ly1 ,o son ( ,axio*us1 h y & ,i escap$ mak+ a laugh+-/ock ( ourselves to ! /rang]s4 ,:y d y say s8 ,:y1 because we h already spok5 ( good-=tune1 & are b repeat+ ourselves4 ,:at d y mean8 ,i mean t !re is some?+ ridicul\s 9 aga9 putt+ =w>d good-=tune1 :i* has a place 9 ! li/ already1 & say+ ! same ?+ twice ov]4 ,he ask$ :at 0 ! mean+ ( ?is1 & ,i repli$3 ,surely wisdom is good-=tune2 ev5 a *ild may "k t4 ,! simple-m9d$ y\? 0 amaz$2 &1 obs]v+ 8 surprise1 ,i said to him3 ,d y n "k1 ,cle9ias1 t flute-play]s are mo/ =tunate & successful 9 p]=m+ on ! flute8 ,he ass5t$4 ,& are n ! scribes mo/ =tunate 9 writ+ & read+ lett]s8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,amid ! dang]s ( ! sea1 aga91 are any m =tunate on ! :ole ?an wise pilots8 ,none1 c]ta9ly4 ,& if y 7 engag$ 9 w>1 9 ^: company w\ld y r take ! risk--9 company ) a wise g5]al1 or ) a fooli% "o8 ,) a wise "o4 ,& if y 7 ill1 :om w\ld y r h z a companion 9 a dang]\s illness--a wise physician1 or an ignorant "o8 ,a wise "o4 ,y ?9k1 ,i said1 t to act ) a wise man is m =tunate ?an to act ) an ignorant "o8 ,he ass5t$4 ,!n wisdom always makes m5 =tunate3 = by wisdom no man w\ld ev] err1 & !re=e he mu/ act rightly & succe$1 or 8 wisdom w\ld be wisdom no long]4 ,we contriv$ at la/1 someh[ or o!r1 to agree 9 a g5]al conclusion1 t he :o _h wisdom _h no ne$ ( =tune4 ,i !n recall$ to 8 m9d ! previ\s /ate ( ! "q4 ,y rememb]1 ,i said1 our mak+ ! admission t we %\ld be happy & =tunate if _m good ?+s 7 pres5t ) u8 ,he ass5t$4 ,& %\ld we be happy by reason ( ! pres5ce ( good ?+s1 if !y pr(it$ u n1 or if !y pr(it$ u8 ,if !y pr(it$ u1 he said4 ,& w\ld !y pr(it u1 if we only _h !m & did n use !m8 ,= example1 if we _h a great deal ( food & did n eat1 or a great deal ( dr9k & did n dr9k1 %\ld we be pr(it$8 ,c]ta9ly n1 he said4 ,or w\ld an artisan1 :o _h all ! implem5ts necess>y = 8 "w1 & did n use !m1 be any ! bett] = ! possession ( !m8 ,= example1 w\ld a c>p5t] be any ! bett] = hav+ all 8 tools & pl5ty ( wood1 if he nev] work$8 ,c]ta9ly n1 he said4 ,& if a p]son _h weal? & all ! goods ( :i* we 7 j n[ speak+1 & did n use !m1 w\ld he be happy because he possess$ !m8 ,no inde$1 ,socrates4 ,!n1 ,i said1 a man :o w\ld be happy mu/ n only h ! good ?+s1 b he mu/ also use !m2 !re is no advantage 9 m]ely hav+ !m8 ,true4 ,well1 ,cle9ias1 b if y h ! use z well z ! possession ( good ?+s1 is t suffici5t to conf] happ9ess8 ,yes1 9 my op9ion4 ,& may a p]son use !m ei!r rightly or wrongly8 ,he mu/ use !m rightly4 ,t is q true1 ,i said4 ,& ! wrong use ( a ?+ is f> worse ?an ! non-use2 = ! "o is an evil1 & ! o!r is nei!r a good nor an evil4 ,y admit t8 ,he ass5t$4 ,n[ 9 ! work+ & use ( wood1 is n t :i* gives ! "r use simply ! k ( ! c>p5t]8 ,no?+ else1 he said4 ,& surely1 9 ! manufacture ( vessels1 k is t :i* gives ! "r way ( mak+ !m8 ,he agre$4 ,& 9 ! use ( ! goods ( :i* we spoke at fir/--weal? & heal? & beauty1 is n k t :i* directs u to ! "r use ( !m1 & regulates our practice ab\t !m8 ,he ass5t$4 ,!n 9 e possession & e use ( a ?+1 k is t :i* gives a man n only good-=tune b success8 ,he aga9 ass5t$4 ,& tell me1 ,i said1 ,o tell me1 :at d possessions pr(it a man1 if he h nei!r good s5se nor wisdom8 ,w\ld a man be bett] (f1 hav+ & do+ _m ?+s )\t wisdom1 or a few ?+s ) wisdom8 ,look at ! matt] ?us3 ,if he did few] ?+s w\ld he n make few] mi/akes8 if he made few] mi/akes w\ld he n h few] mis=tunes8 & if he _h few] mis=tunes w\ld he n be less mis]able8 ,c]ta9ly1 he said4 ,& :o w\ld d lea/--a poor man or a ri* man8 ,a poor man4 ,a weak man or a /rong man8 ,a weak man4 ,a noble man or a mean man8 ,a mean man4 ,& a c[>d w\ld d less ?an a c\rage\s & temp]ate man8 ,yes4 ,& an indol5t man less ?an an active man8 ,he ass5t$4 ,& a sl[ man less ?an a quick2 & "o :o _h dull p]ceptions ( see+ & he>+ less ?an "o :o _h ke5 ones8 ,all ?is 0 mutually all[$ by u4 ,!n1 ,i said1 ,cle9ias1 ! sum ( ! matt] appe>s to be t ! goods ( :i* we spoke be=e are n to be reg>d$ z goods 9 !mselves1 b ! degree ( good & evil 9 !m dep5ds on :e!r !y are or are n "u ! guidance ( k3 "u ! guidance ( ignorance1 !y are great] evils ?an _! opposites1 inasmu* z !y are m able to m9i/] to ! evil pr9ciple :i* rules !m2 & :5 "u ! guidance ( wisdom & prud5ce1 !y are great] goods3 b 9 !mselves !y are no?+8 ,t1 he repli$1 is obvi\s4 ,:at !n is ! result ( :at has be5 said8 ,is n ?is ! result--t o!r ?+s are indiff]5t1 & t wisdom is ! only good1 & ignorance ! only evil8 ,he ass5t$4 ,let u consid] a fur!r po9t1 ,i said3 ,see+ t all m5 desire happ9ess1 & happ9ess1 z has be5 %[n1 is ga9$ by a use1 & a "r use1 ( ! ?+s ( life1 & ! "r use ( !m1 & good-=tune 9 ! use ( !m1 is giv5 by k1--! inf]5ce is t ev]ybody ought by all means to try & make himself z wise z he c8 ,yes1 he said4 ,& :5 a man ?9ks t he ought to obta9 ?is treasure1 f> m ?an money1 f a fa!r or a gu>dian or a fri5d or a suitor1 :e!r citiz5 or /rang]--! eag] desire & pray] to !m t !y w\ld imp>t wisdom to y1 is n at all di%on\rable1 ,cle9ias2 nor is any "o to be blam$ = do+ any hon\rable s]vice or m9i/ration to any man1 :e!r a lov] or n1 if 8 aim is to get wisdom4 ,d y agree8 ,i said4 ,yes1 he said1 ,i q agree1 & ?9k t y are "r4 ,yes1 ,i said1 ,cle9ias1 if only wisdom c be taught1 & does n come to man spontane\sly2 = ?is is a po9t :i* has /ill to be consid]$1 & is n yet agre$ ^u by y & me-- ,b ,i ?9k1 ,socrates1 t wisdom c be taught1 he said4 ,be/ ( m51 ,i said1 ,i am delight$ to he> y say s2 & ,i am also grateful to y = hav+ sav$ me f a long & tiresome inve/igation z to :e!r wisdom c be taught or n4 ,b n[1 z y ?9k t wisdom c be taught1 & t wisdom only c make a man happy & =tunate1 w y n ackn[l$ge t all ( u ought to love wisdom1 & y individually w try to love h]8 ,c]ta9ly1 ,socrates1 he said2 ,i w d my be/4 ,i 0 pleas$ at he>+ ?is2 & ,i turn$ to ,dionysodorus & ,eu?ydemus & said3 ,t is an example1 clumsy & t$i\s ,i admit1 ( ! sort ( exhortations :i* ,i w\ld h y give2 & ,i hope t "o ( y w set =? :at ,i h be5 say+ 9 a m arti/ic /yle3 or at lea/ take up ! enquiry :]e ,i left (f1 & proce$ to %[ ! y\? :e!r he %\ld h all k2 or :e!r !re is "o sort ( k only :i* w make him good & happy1 & :at t is4 ,=1 z ,i 0 say+ at fir/1 ! improvem5t ( ?is "y man 9 virtue & wisdom is a matt] :i* we h v mu* at he>t4 ,?us ,i spoke1 ,crito1 & 0 all att5tion to :at 0 com+4 ,i want$ to see h[ !y w\ld approa* ! "q1 & :]e !y w\ld />t 9 _! exhortation to ! "y man t he %\ld practise wisdom & virtue4 ,dionysodorus1 :o 0 ! eld]1 spoke fir/4 ,ev]ybody's eyes 7 direct$ t[>ds him1 p]ceiv+ t some?+ wond]ful might %ortly be expect$4 ,& c]ta9ly !y 7 n f> wrong2 = ! man1 ,crito1 began a rem>kable disc\rse well wor? he>+1 & wond]fully p]suasive reg>d$ z an exhortation to virtue4 ,tell me1 he said1 ,socrates & ! re/ ( y :o say t y want ?is "y man to become wise1 are y 9 je/ or 9 real e>ne/8 ,i 0 l$ by ?is to imag9e t !y fanci$ u to h be5 je/+ :5 we ask$ !m to conv]se ) ! y\?1 & t ?is made !m je/ & play1 & be+ "u ?is impression1 ,i 0 ! m decid$ 9 say+ t we 7 9 pr(\nd e>ne/4 ,dionysodorus said3 ,reflect1 ,socrates2 y may h to d5y y\r words4 ,i h reflect$1 ,i said2 & ,i %all nev] d5y my words4 ,well1 said he1 & s y say t y wi% ,cle9ias to become wise8 ,und\bt$ly4 ,& he is n wise z yet8 ,at lea/ 8 mode/y w n all[ him to say t he is4 ,y wi% him1 he said1 to become wise & n1 to be ignorant8 ,t we d4 ,y wi% him to be :at he is n1 & no long] to be :at he is8 ,i 0 ?r[n into con/]nation at ?is4 ,tak+ advantage ( my con/]nation he add$3 ,y wi% him no long] to be :at he is1 :i* c only mean t y wi% him to p]i%4 ,pretty lov]s & fri5ds !y mu/ be :o want _! fav\rite n to be1 or to p]i%6 ,:5 ,ctesippus he>d ?is he got v angry 7z a lov] well might7 & said3 ,/rang] ( ,?urii--if polit5ess w\ld all[ me ,i %\ld say1 ,a plague ^u y6 ,:at c make y tell su* a lie ab\t me & ! o!rs1 :i* ,i h>dly l to repeat1 z t ,i wi% ,cle9ias to p]i%8 ,eu?ydemus repli$3 ,& d y ?9k1 ,ctesippus1 t x is possible to tell a lie8 ,yes1 said ,ctesippus2 ,i %\ld be mad to say any?+ else4 ,& 9 tell+ a lie1 d y tell ! ?+ ( :i* y speak or n8 ,y tell ! ?+ ( :i* y speak4 ,& he :o tells1 tells t ?+ :i* he tells1 & no o!r8 ,yes1 said ,ctesippus4 ,& t is a di/9ct ?+ ap>t f o!r ?+s8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,& he :o says t ?+ says t :i* is8 ,yes4 ,& he :o says t :i* is1 says ! tru?4 ,& !re=e ,dionysodorus1 if he says t :i* is1 says ! tru? ( y & no lie4 ,yes1 ,eu?ydemus1 said ,ctesippus2 b 9 say+ ?is1 he says :at is n4 ,eu?ydemus answ]$3 ,& t :i* is n is n8 ,true4 ,& t :i* is n is n[h]e8 ,n[h]e4 ,& c any "o d any?+ ab\t t :i* has no exi/5ce1 or d to ,cle9ias t :i* is n & is n[h]e8 ,i ?9k n1 said ,ctesippus4 ,well1 b d rhetoricians1 :5 !y speak 9 ! assembly1 d no?+8 ,nay1 he said1 !y d some?+4 ,& do+ is mak+8 ,yes4 ,& speak+ is do+ & mak+8 ,he agre$4 ,!n no "o says t :i* is n1 = 9 say+ :at is n he w\ld be do+ some?+2 & y h already ackn[l$g$ t no "o c d :at is n4 ,& !re=e1 ^u y\r own %[+1 no "o says :at is false2 b if ,dionysodorus says any?+1 he says :at is true & :at is4 ,yes1 ,eu?ydemus1 said ,ctesippus2 b he speaks ( ?+s 9 a c]ta9 way & mann]1 & n z !y really are4 ,:y1 ,ctesippus1 said ,dionysodorus1 d y mean to say t any "o speaks ( ?+s z !y are8 ,yes1 he said--all g5tlem5 & tru?-speak+ p]sons4 ,& are n good ?+s good1 & evil ?+s evil8 ,he ass5t$4 ,& y say t g5tlem5 speak ( ?+s z !y are8 ,yes4 ,!n ! good speak evil ( evil ?+s1 if !y speak ( !m z !y are8 ,yes1 inde$1 he said2 & !y speak evil ( evil m54 ,& if ,i may give y a piece ( advice1 y _h bett] take c>e t !y d n speak evil ( y1 s9ce ,i c tell y t ! good speak evil ( ! evil4 ,& d !y speak great ?+s ( ! great1 rejo9$ ,eu?ydemus1 & w>m ?+s ( ! w>m8 ,to be sure !y d1 said ,ctesippus2 & !y speak coldly ( ! insipid & cold dialectician4 ,y are abusive1 ,ctesippus1 said ,dionysodorus1 y are abusive6 ,inde$1 ,i am n1 ,dionysodorus1 he repli$2 = ,i love y & am giv+ y fri5dly advice1 &1 if ,i c\ld1 w\ld p]suade y n l a boor to say 9 my pres5ce t ,i desire my belov$1 :om ,i value above all m51 to p]i%4 ,i saw t !y 7 gett+ exasp]at$ ) "o ano!r1 s ,i made a joke ) him & said3 ,o ,ctesippus1 ,i ?9k t we mu/ all[ ! /rang]s to use language 9 _! own way1 & n qu>rel ) !m ab\t words1 b be ?ankful = :at !y give u4 ,if !y "k h[ to de/roy m5 9 su* a way z to make good & s5sible m5 out ( bad & fooli% ones--:e!r ?is is a discov]y ( _! own1 or :e!r !y h le>n$ f "s "o else ?is new sort ( dea? & de/ruction :i* enables !m to get rid ( a bad man & turn him into a good "o--if !y "k ?is 7& !y d "k ?is--at any rate !y said j n[ t ?is 0 ! secret ( _! newly-discov]$ art7--let !m1 9 _! phraseology1 de/roy ! y\? & make him wise1 & all ( u ) him4 ,b if y "y m5 d n l to tru/ y\rselves ) !m1 !n fiat exp]im5tum 9 corpore s5is2 ,i w be ! ,c>ian on :om !y %all op]ate4 ,& "h ,i (f] my old p]son to ,dionysodorus2 he may put me into ! pot1 l ,m$ea ! ,col*ian1 kill me1 boil me1 if he w only make me good4 ,ctesippus said3 ,& ,i1 ,socrates1 am ready to commit myself to ! /rang]s2 !y may sk9 me alive1 if !y please 7& ,i am pretty well sk9n$ by !m already71 if only my sk9 is made at la/1 n l t ( ,m>syas1 into a lea!rn bottle1 b into a piece ( virtue4 ,& "h is ,dionysodorus fancy+ t ,i am angry ) him1 :5 really ,i am n angry at all2 ,i d b contradict him :5 ,i ?9k t he is speak+ improp]ly to me3 & y mu/ n conf\nd abuse & contradiction1 ,o illu/ri\s ,dionysodorus2 = !y are q diff]5t ?+s4 ,contradiction6 said ,dionysodorus2 :y1 !re nev] 0 su* a ?+4 ,c]ta9ly !re is1 he repli$2 !re c be no "q ( t4 ,d y1 ,dionysodorus1 ma9ta9 t !re is n8 ,y w nev] prove to me1 he said1 t y h he>d any "o contradict+ any "o else4 ,inde$1 said ,ctesippus2 !n n[ y may he> me contradict+ ,dionysodorus4 ,are y prep>$ to make t good8 ,c]ta9ly1 he said4 ,well1 h n all ?+s words expressive ( !m8 ,yes4 ,( _! exi/5ce or ( _! non-exi/5ce8 ,( _! exi/5ce4 ,yes1 ,ctesippus1 & we j n[ prov$1 z y may rememb]1 t no man c\ld affirm a negative2 = no "o c\ld affirm t :i* is n4 ,& :at does t signify8 said ,ctesippus2 y & ,i may contradict all ! same = t4 ,b c we contradict "o ano!r1 said ,dionysodorus1 :5 bo? ( u are describ+ ! same ?+8 ,!n we mu/ surely be speak+ ! same ?+8 ,he ass5t$4 ,or :5 nei!r ( u is speak+ ( ! same ?+8 ,= !n nei!r ( u says a ^w ab\t ! ?+ at all8 ,he grant$ t proposition also4 ,b :5 ,i describe some?+ & y describe ano!r ?+1 or ,i say some?+ & y say no?+--is !re any contradiction8 ,h[ c he :o speaks contradict him :o speaks n8 ,"h ,ctesippus 0 sil5t2 & ,i 9 my a/oni%m5t said3 ,:at d y mean1 ,dionysodorus8 ,i h (t5 he>d1 & h be5 amaz$ to he>1 ?is !sis ( y\rs1 :i* is ma9ta9$ & employ$ by ! disciples ( ,protagoras1 & o!rs be=e !m1 & :i* to me appe>s to be q wond]ful1 & suicidal z well z de/ructive1 & ,i ?9k t ,i am mo/ likely to he> ! tru? ab\t x f y4 ,! dictum is t !re is no su* ?+ z falsehood2 a man mu/ ei!r say :at is true or say no?+4 ,is n t y\r position8 ,he ass5t$4 ,b if he _c speak falsely1 may he n ?9k falsely8 ,no1 he _c1 he said4 ,!n !re is no su* ?+ z false op9ion8 ,no1 he said4 ,!n !re is no su* ?+ z ignorance1 or m5 :o are ignorant2 = is n ignorance1 if !re be su* a ?+1 a mi/ake ( fact8 ,c]ta9ly1 he said4 ,& t is impossible8 ,impossible1 he repli$4 ,are y say+ ?is z a p>adox1 ,dionysodorus2 or d y s]i\sly ma9ta9 no man to be ignorant8 ,refute me1 he said4 ,b h[ c ,i refute y1 if1 z y say1 to tell a falsehood is impossible8 ,v true1 said ,eu?ydemus4 ,nei!r did ,i tell y j n[ to refute me1 said ,dionysodorus2 = h[ c ,i tell y to d t :i* is n8 ,o ,eu?ydemus1 ,i said1 ,i h b a dull conception ( ^! subtleties & excell5t devices ( wisdom2 ,i am afraid t ,i h>dly und]/& !m1 & y mu/ =give me !re=e if ,i ask a v /upid "q3 if !re be no falsehood or false op9ion or ignorance1 !re c be no su* ?+ z errone\s action1 = a man _c fail ( act+ z he is act+--t is :at y mean8 ,yes1 he repli$4 ,& n[1 ,i said1 ,i w ask my /upid "q3 ,if !re is no su* ?+ z error 9 de$1 ^w1 or ?\ght1 !n :at1 9 ! "n ( goodness1 d y come hi!r to tea*8 ,& 7 y n j n[ say+ t y c\ld tea* virtue be/ ( all m51 to any "o :o 0 will+ to le>n8 ,& are y su* an old fool1 ,socrates1 rejo9$ ,dionysodorus1 t y br+ up n[ :at ,i said at fir/--& if ,i _h said any?+ la/ ye>1 ,i suppose t y w\ld br+ t up too--b are non-pluss$ at ! words :i* ,i h j utt]$8 ,:y1 ,i said1 !y are n easy to answ]2 = !y are ! words ( wise m53 & inde$ ,i "k n :at to make ( ?is ^w 'nonpluss$1' :i* y us$ la/3 :at d y mean by x1 ,dionysodorus8 ,y mu/ mean t ,i _c refute y\r argum5t4 ,tell me if ! words h any o!r s5se4 ,no1 he repli$1 !y mean :at y say4 ,& n[ answ]4 ,:at1 be=e y1 ,dionysodorus8 ,i said4 ,answ]1 said he4 ,& is t fair8 ,yes1 q fair1 he said4 ,^u :at pr9ciple8 ,i said4 ,i c only suppose t y are a v wise man :o comes to u 9 ! "* ( a great logician1 & :o kn[s :5 to answ] & :5 n to answ]--& n[ y w n op5 y\r m\? at all1 because y "k t y ought n4 ,y prate1 he said1 in/ead ( answ]+4 ,b if1 my good sir1 y admit t ,i am wise1 answ] z ,i tell y4 ,i suppose t ,i mu/ obey1 = y are ma/]4 ,put ! "q4 ,are ! ?+s :i* h s5se alive or lifeless8 ,!y are alive4 ,& d y "k ( any ^w :i* is alive8 ,i _c say t ,i d4 ,!n :y did y ask me :at s5se my words _h8 ,:y1 because ,i 0 /upid & made a mi/ake4 ,& yet1 p]haps1 ,i 0 "r aft] all 9 say+ t words h a s5se2--:at d y say1 wise man8 ,if ,i 0 n 9 error1 ev5 y w n refute me1 & all y\r wisdom w be non-pluss$2 b if ,i did fall into error1 !n aga9 y are wrong 9 say+ t !re is no error1--& ?is rem>k 0 made by y n q a ye> ago4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 h[ev]1 ,dionysodorus & ,eu?ydemus1 t ?is argum5t lies :]e x 0 & is n v likely to advance3 ev5 y\r skill 9 ! subtleties ( logic1 :i* is really amaz+1 has n f\nd out ! way ( ?r[+ ano!r & n fall+ y\rself1 n[ any m ?an ( old4 ,ctesippus said3 ,m5 ( ,*ios1 ,?urii1 or h[ev] & :atev] y call y\rselves1 ,i wond] at y1 = y seem to h no objection to talk+ nons5se4 ,fe>+ t !re w\ld be high words1 ,i aga9 endeav\r$ to soo! ,ctesippus1 & said to him3 ,to y1 ,ctesippus1 ,i mu/ repeat :at ,i said be=e to ,cle9ias--t y d n und]/& ! ways ( ^! philosoph]s f abroad4 ,!y are n s]i\s1 b1 l ! ,egyptian wiz>d1 ,proteus1 !y take diff]5t =ms & deceive u by _! en*antm5ts3 & let u1 l ,m5elaus1 refuse to let !m g until !y %[ !mselves to u 9 e>ne/4 ,:5 !y beg9 to be 9 e>ne/ _! full beauty w appe>3 let u !n beg & entreat & besee* !m to %9e =?4 ,& ,i ?9k t ,i _h bett] once m exhibit ! =m 9 :i* ,i pray to behold !m2 x might be a guide to !m4 ,i w g on !re=e :]e ,i left (f1 z well z ,i c1 9 ! hope t ,i may t\* _! he>ts & move !m to pity1 & t :5 !y see me deeply s]i\s & int]e/$1 !y also may be s]i\s4 ,y1 ,cle9ias1 ,i said1 %all rem9d me at :at po9t we left (f4 ,did we n agree t philosophy %\ld be /udi$8 & 0 n t our conclusion8 ,yes1 he repli$4 ,& philosophy is ! acquisition ( k8 ,yes1 he said4 ,& :at k ought we to acquire8 ,may we n answ] ) absolute tru?--,a k :i* w d u good8 ,c]ta9ly1 he said4 ,& %\ld we be any ! bett] if we w5t ab\t hav+ a k ( ! places :]e mo/ gold 0 hidd5 9 ! e>?8 ,p]haps we %\ld1 he said4 ,b h we n already prov$1 ,i said1 t we %\ld be none ! bett] (f1 ev5 if )\t tr\ble & digg+ all ! gold :i* !re is 9 ! e>? 7 ours8 ,& if we knew h[ to conv]t /ones into gold1 ! k w\ld be ( no value to u1 unless we also knew h[ to use ! gold8 ,d y n rememb]8 ,i said4 ,i q rememb]1 he said4 ,nor w\ld any o!r k1 :e!r ( money-mak+1 or ( m$ic9e1 or ( any o!r art :i* kn[s only h[ to make a ?+1 & n to use x :5 made1 be ( any good to u4 ,am ,i n "r8 ,he agre$4 ,& if !re 7 a k :i* 0 able to make m5 immortal1 )\t giv+ !m ! k ( ! way to use ! immortality1 nei!r w\ld !re be any use 9 t1 if we may argue f ! analogy ( ! previ\s in/ances8 ,to all ?is he agre$4 ,!n1 my de> boy1 ,i said1 ! k :i* we want is "o t uses z well z makes8 ,true1 he said4 ,& our desire is n to be skilful lyre-mak]s1 or arti/s ( t sort--f> o!rwise2 = ) !m ! art :i* makes is "o1 & ! art :i* uses is ano!r4 ,al?\gh !y h to d ) ! same1 !y are divid$3 = ! art :i* makes & ! art :i* plays on ! lyre diff] widely f "o ano!r4 ,am ,i n "r8 ,he agre$4 ,& cle>ly we d n want ! art ( ! flute-mak]2 ?is is only ano!r ( ! same sort8 ,he ass5t$4 ,b suppose1 ,i said1 t we 7 to le>n ! art ( mak+ spee*es--w\ld t be ! art :i* w\ld make u happy8 ,i %\ld say1 no1 rejo9$ ,cle9ias4 ,& :y %\ld y say s8 ,i ask$4 ,i see1 he repli$1 t !re are "s compos]s ( spee*es :o d n "k h[ to use ! spee*es :i* !y make1 j z ! mak]s ( lyres d n "k h[ to use ! lyres2 & also "s :o are ( !mselves unable to compose spee*es1 b are able to use ! spee*es :i* ! o!rs make = !m2 & ?is proves t ! art ( mak+ spee*es is n ! same z ! art ( us+ !m4 ,yes1 ,i said2 & ,i take y\r words to be a suffici5t pro( t ! art ( mak+ spee*es is n "o :i* w make a man happy4 ,& yet ,i did ?9k t ! art :i* we h s long be5 seek+ might be discov]$ 9 t direction2 = ! compos]s ( spee*es1 :5ev] ,i meet !m1 always appe> to me to be v extraord9>y m51 ,cle9ias1 & _! art is l(ty & div9e1 & no wond]4 ,= _! art is a "p ( ! great art ( en*antm5t1 & h>dly1 if at all1 inf]ior to x3 & :]eas ! art ( ! en*ant] is a mode ( *>m+ snakes & spid]s & scorpions1 & o!r mon/]s & pe/s1 ?is art ( _!'s acts ^u dica/s & ecclesia/s & bodies ( m51 = ! *>m+ & pacify+ ( !m4 ,d y agree ) me8 ,yes1 he said1 ,i ?9k t y are q "r4 ,:i!r !n %all we g1 ,i said1 & to :at art %all we h rec\rse8 ,i d n see my way1 he said4 ,b ,i ?9k t ,i d1 ,i repli$4 ,& :at is y\r notion8 ask$ ,cle9ias4 ,i ?9k t ! art ( ! g5]al is above all o!rs ! "o ( :i* ! possession is mo/ likely to make a man happy4 ,i d n ?9k s1 he said4 ,:y n8 ,i said4 ,! art ( ! g5]al is surely an art ( hunt+ mank9d4 ,:at ( t8 ,i said4 ,:y1 he said1 no art ( hunt+ ext5ds beyond hunt+ & captur+2 & :5 ! prey is tak5 ! huntsman or fi%]man _c use x2 b !y h& x ov] to ! cook1 & ! geometricians & a/ronom]s & calculators 7:o all belong to ! hunt+ class1 = !y d n make _! diagrams1 b only f9d out t :i* 0 previ\sly conta9$ 9 !m7--!y1 ,i say1 n be+ able to use b only to cat* _! prey1 h& ov] _! inv5tions to ! dialectician to be appli$ by him1 if !y h any s5se 9 !m4 ,good1 ,i said1 faire/ & wise/ ,cle9ias4 ,& is ?is true8 ,c]ta9ly1 he said2 j z a g5]al :5 he takes a city or a camp h&s ov] 8 new acquisition to ! /atesman1 = he does n "k h[ to use !m himself2 or z ! quail-tak] transf]s ! quails to ! keep] ( !m4 ,if we are look+ = ! art :i* is to make u bless$1 & :i* is able to use t :i* x makes or takes1 ! art ( ! g5]al is n ! "o1 & "s o!r mu/ be f\nd4 ,,crito3 ,& d y mean1 ,socrates1 t ! y\ng/] said all ?is8 ,,socrates3 ,are y incr$ul\s1 ,crito8 ,,crito3 ,inde$1 ,i am2 = if he did say s1 !n 9 my op9ion he ne$s nei!r ,eu?ydemus nor any "o else to be 8 in/ructor4 ,,socrates3 ,p]haps ,i may h =gott51 & ,ctesippus 0 ! real answ]]4 ,,crito3 ,ctesippus6 nons5se4 ,,socrates3 ,all ,i "k is t ,i he>d ^! words1 & t !y 7 n spok5 ei!r by ,eu?ydemus or ,dionysodorus4 ,i d>e say1 my good ,crito1 t !y may h be5 spok5 by "s sup]ior p]son3 t ,i he>d !m ,i am c]ta94 ,,crito3 ,yes1 inde$1 ,socrates1 by "s "o a good deal sup]ior1 z ,i %\ld be dispos$ to ?9k4 ,b did y c>ry ! se>* any fur!r1 & did y f9d ! art :i* y 7 seek+8 ,,socrates3 ,f9d6 my de> sir1 no inde$4 ,& we cut a poor figure2 we 7 l *ildr5 aft] l>ks1 always on ! po9t ( cat*+ ! art1 :i* 0 always gett+ away f u4 ,b :y %\ld ,i repeat ! :ole /ory8 ,at la/ we came to ! k+ly art1 & enquir$ :e!r t gave & caus$ happ9ess1 & !n we got into a labyr9?1 & :5 we ?\ght we 7 at ! end1 came out aga9 at ! beg9n+1 hav+ /ill to seek z mu* z ev]4 ,,crito3 ,h[ did t happ51 ,socrates8 ,,socrates3 ,i w tell y2 ! k+ly art 0 id5tifi$ by u ) ! political4 ,,crito3 ,well1 & :at came ( t8 ,,socrates3 ,to ?is royal or political art all ! arts1 includ+ ! art ( ! g5]al1 seem$ to r5d] up ! supremacy1 t be+ ! only "o :i* knew h[ to use :at !y produce4 ,"h obvi\sly 0 ! v art :i* we 7 seek+--! art :i* is ! s\rce ( good gov]nm5t1 & :i* may be describ$1 9 ! language ( ,aes*ylus1 z alone sitt+ at ! helm ( ! vessel ( /ate1 pilot+ & gov]n+ all ?+s1 & utiliz+ !m4 ,,crito3 ,& 7 y n "r1 ,socrates8 ,,socrates3 ,y %all judge1 ,crito1 if y are will+ to he> :at foll[$2 = we resum$ ! enquiry1 & a "q ( ?is sort 0 ask$3 ,does ! k+ly art1 hav+ ?is supreme au?ority1 d any?+ = u8 ,to be sure1 0 ! answ]4 ,& w\ld n y1 ,crito1 say ! same8 ,,crito3 ,yes1 ,i %\ld4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at w\ld y say t ! k+ly art does8 ,if m$ic9e 7 suppos$ to h supreme au?ority ov] ! subord9ate arts1 & ,i 7 to ask y a simil> "q ab\t t1 y w\ld say--x produces heal?8 ,,crito3 ,i %\ld4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at ( y\r own art ( husb&ry1 suppos+ t to h supreme au?ority ov] ! subject arts--:at does t d8 ,does x n supply u ) ! fruits ( ! e>?8 ,,crito3 ,yes4 ,,socrates3 ,& :at does ! k+ly art d :5 inve/$ ) supreme p[]8 ,p]haps y may n be ready ) an answ]8 ,,crito3 ,inde$ ,i am n1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,no m 7 we1 ,crito4 ,b at any rate y "k t if ?is is ! art :i* we 7 seek+1 x ought to be useful4 ,,crito3 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,socrates3 ,& surely x ought to d u "s good8 ,,crito3 ,c]ta9ly1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,& ,cle9ias & ,i _h arriv$ at ! conclusion t k ( "s k9d is ! only good4 ,,crito3 ,yes1 t 0 :at y 7 say+4 ,,socrates3 ,all ! o!r results ( politics1 & !y are _m1 z = example1 weal?1 fre$om1 tranquillity1 7 nei!r good nor evil 9 !mselves2 b ! political sci5ce ought to make u wise1 & imp>t k to u1 if t is ! sci5ce :i* is likely to d u good1 & make u happy4 ,,crito3 ,yes2 t 0 ! conclusion at :i* y _h arriv$1 accord+ to y\r report ( ! conv]sation4 ,,socrates3 ,& does ! k+ly art make m5 wise & good8 ,,crito3 ,:y n1 ,socrates8 ,,socrates3 ,:at1 all m51 & 9 e respect8 & tea* !m all ! arts1--c>p5t]+1 & cobbl+1 & ! re/ ( !m8 ,,crito3 ,i ?9k n1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,b !n :at is ?is k1 & :at are we to d ) x8 ,= x is n ! s\rce ( any works :i* are nei!r good nor evil1 & gives no k1 b ! k ( itself2 :at !n c x be1 & :at are we to d ) x8 ,%all we say1 ,crito1 t x is ! k by :i* we are to make o!r m5 good8 ,,crito3 ,by all means4 ,,socrates3 ,& 9 :at w !y be good & useful8 ,%all we repeat t !y w make o!rs good1 & t ^! o!rs w make o!rs aga91 )\t ev] det]m9+ 9 :at !y are to be good2 = we h put aside ! results ( politics1 z !y are call$4 ,?is is ! old1 old song ov] aga92 & we are j z f> z ev]1 if n f>!r1 f ! k ( ! art or sci5ce ( happ9ess4 ,,crito3 ,inde$1 ,socrates1 y d appe> to h got into a great p]plexity4 ,,socrates3 ,!reupon1 ,crito1 see+ t ,i 0 on ! po9t ( %ipwreck1 ,i lift$ up my voice1 & e>ne/ly entreat$ & call$ ^u ! /rang]s to save me & ! y\? f ! :irlpool ( ! argum5t2 !y 7 our ,ca/or & ,pollux1 ,i said1 & !y %\ld be s]i\s1 & %[ u 9 sob] e>ne/ :at t k 0 :i* w\ld enable u to pass ! re/ ( our lives 9 happ9ess4 ,,crito3 ,& did ,eu?ydemus %[ y ?is k8 ,,socrates3 ,yes1 inde$2 he proce$$ 9 a l(ty /ra9 to ! foll[+ effect3 ,w\ld y r1 ,socrates1 said he1 t ,i %\ld %[ y ?is k ab\t :i* y h be5 d\bt+1 or %all ,i prove t y already h x8 ,:at1 ,i said1 are y bless$ ) su* a p[] z ?is8 ,inde$ ,i am4 ,!n ,i w\ld mu* r t y %\ld prove me to h su* a k2 at my "t ( life t w be m agreeable ?an hav+ to le>n4 ,!n tell me1 he said1 d y "k any?+8 ,yes1 ,i said1 ,i "k _m ?+s1 b n any?+ ( mu* importance4 ,t w d1 he said3 ,& w\ld y admit t any?+ is :at x is1 & at ! same "t is n :at x is8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,& did y n say t y knew some?+8 ,i did4 ,if y "k1 y are kn[+4 ,c]ta9ly1 ( ! k :i* ,i h4 ,t makes no diff]5ce2--& mu/ y n1 if y are kn[+1 "k all ?+s8 ,c]ta9ly n1 ,i said1 = !re are _m o!r ?+s :i* ,i d n "k4 ,& if y d n "k1 y are n kn[+4 ,yes1 fri5d1 ( t :i* ,i d n "k4 ,/ill y are n kn[+1 & y said j n[ t y 7 kn[+2 & !re=e y are & are n at ! same "t1 & 9 ref]5ce to ! same ?+s4 ,a pretty clatt]1 z m5 say1 ,eu?ydemus1 ?is ( y\rs6 & w y expla9 h[ ,i possess t k = :i* we 7 seek+8 ,d y mean to say t ! same ?+ _c be & also n be2 & !re=e1 s9ce ,i "k "o ?+1 t ,i "k all1 = ,i _c be kn[+ & n kn[+ at ! same "t1 & if ,i "k all ?+s1 !n ,i mu/ h ! k = :i* we are seek+--,may ,i assume ?is to be y\r +5i\s notion8 ,out ( y\r own m\?1 ,socrates1 y are convict$1 he said4 ,well1 b1 ,eu?ydemus1 ,i said1 has t nev] happ5$ to y8 = if ,i am only 9 ! same case ) y & our belov$ ,dionysodorus1 ,i _c compla94 ,tell me1 !n1 y two1 d y n "k "s ?+s1 & n "k o!rs8 ,c]ta9ly n1 ,socrates1 said ,dionysodorus4 ,:at d y mean1 ,i said2 d y "k no?+8 ,nay1 he repli$1 we d "k some?+4 ,!n1 ,i said1 y "k all ?+s1 if y "k any?+8 ,yes1 all ?+s1 he said2 & t is z true ( y z ( u4 ,o1 inde$1 ,i said1 :at a wond]ful ?+1 & :at a great bless+6 ,& d all o!r m5 "k all ?+s or no?+8 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$2 !y _c "k "s ?+s1 & n "k o!rs1 & be at ! same "t kn[+ & n kn[+4 ,!n :at is ! inf]5ce8 ,i said4 ,!y all "k all ?+s1 he repli$1 if !y "k "o ?+4 ,o heav5s1 ,dionysodorus1 ,i said1 ,i see n[ t y are 9 e>ne/2 h>dly h ,i got y to t po9t4 ,& d y really & truly "k all ?+s1 includ+ c>p5t]+ & lea!r-cutt+8 ,c]ta9ly1 he said4 ,& d y "k /it*+8 ,yes1 by ! gods1 we d1 & cobbl+1 too4 ,& d y "k ?+s su* z ! numb]s ( ! />s & ( ! s&8 ,c]ta9ly2 did y ?9k we %\ld say ,no to t8 ,by ,zeus1 said ,ctesippus1 int]rupt+1 ,i only wi% t y w\ld give me "s pro( :i* w\ld enable me to "k :e!r y speak truly4 ,:at pro( %all ,i give y8 he said4 ,w y tell me h[ _m tee? ,eu?ydemus has8 & ,eu?ydemus %all tell h[ _m tee? y h4 ,w y n take our ^w t we "k all ?+s8 ,c]ta9ly n1 said ,ctesippus3 y mu/ fur!r tell u ?is "o ?+1 & !n we %all "k t y are speak ! tru?2 if y tell u ! numb]1 & we c\nt !m1 & y are f\nd to be "r1 we w believe ! re/4 ,!y fanci$ t ,ctesippus 0 mak+ game ( !m1 & !y refus$1 & !y w\ld only say 9 answ] to ea* ( 8 que/ions1 t !y knew all ?+s4 ,= at la/ ,ctesippus began to ?r[ (f all re/ra9t2 no "q 9 fact 0 too bad = him2 he w\ld ask !m if !y knew ! f\le/ ?+s1 & !y1 l wild bo>s1 came ru%+ on 8 bl[s1 & fe>lessly repli$ t !y did4 ,at la/1 ,crito1 ,i too 0 c>ri$ away by my incr$ulity1 & ask$ ,eu?ydemus :e!r ,dionysodorus c\ld dance4 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$4 ,& c he vault among swords1 & turn ^u a :eel1 at 8 age8 has he got to su* a height ( skill z t8 ,he c d any?+1 he said4 ,& did y always "k ?is8 ,always1 he said4 ,:5 y 7 *ildr51 & at y\r bir?8 ,!y bo? said t !y did4 ,?is we c\ld n believe4 ,& ,eu?ydemus said3 ,y are incr$ul\s1 ,socrates4 ,yes1 ,i said1 & ,i might well be incr$ul\s1 if ,i did n "k y to be wise m54 ,b if y w answ]1 he said1 ,i w make y confess to simil> m>vels4 ,well1 ,i said1 !re is no?+ t ,i %\ld l bett] ?an to be self-convict$ ( ?is1 = if ,i am really a wise man1 :i* ,i nev] knew be=e1 & y w prove to me t ,i "k & h always kn[n all ?+s1 no?+ 9 life w\ld be a great] ga9 to me4 ,answ] !n1 he said4 ,ask1 ,i said1 & ,i w answ]4 ,d y "k some?+1 ,socrates1 or no?+8 ,some?+1 ,i said4 ,& d y "k ) :at y "k1 or ) some?+ else8 ,) :at ,i "k2 & ,i suppose t y mean ) my s\l8 ,are y n a%am$1 ,socrates1 ( ask+ a "q :5 y are ask$ "o8 ,well1 ,i said2 b !n :at am ,i to d8 = ,i w d :atev] y bid2 :5 ,i d n "k :at y are ask+1 y tell me to answ] nev]!less1 & n to ask aga94 ,:y1 y surely h "s notion ( my mean+1 he said4 ,yes1 ,i repli$4 ,well1 !n1 answ] accord+ to y\r notion ( my mean+4 ,yes1 ,i said2 b if ! "q :i* y ask 9 "o s5se is und]/ood & answ]$ by me 9 ano!r1 w t please y--if ,i answ] :at is n to ! po9t8 ,t w please me v well2 b w n please y equally well1 z ,i imag9e4 ,i c]ta9ly w n answ] unless ,i und]/& y1 ,i said4 ,y w n answ]1 he said1 accord+ to y\r view ( ! mean+1 because y w be prat+1 & are an anci5t4 ,n[ ,i saw t he 0 gett+ angry ) me = draw+ di/9ctions1 :5 he want$ to cat* me 9 8 spr+es ( words4 ,& ,i rememb]$ t ,connus 0 always angry ) me :5 ,i oppos$ him1 & !n he neglect$ me1 because he ?\ght t ,i 0 /upid2 & z ,i 0 int5d+ to g to ,eu?ydemus z a pupil1 ,i reflect$ t ,i _h bett] let him h 8 way1 z he might ?9k me a blockhead1 & refuse to take me4 ,s ,i said3 ,y are a f> bett] dialectician ?an myself1 ,eu?ydemus1 = ,i h nev] made a pr(ession ( ! art1 & !re=e d z y say2 ask y\r que/ions once m1 & ,i w answ]4 ,answ] !n1 he said1 aga91 :e!r y "k :at y "k ) some?+1 or ) no?+4 ,yes1 ,i said2 ,i "k ) my s\l4 ,! man w answ] m ?an ! "q2 = ,i did n ask y1 he said1 ) :at y "k1 b :e!r y "k ) some?+4 ,aga9 ,i repli$1 ,?r\gh ignorance ,i h answ]$ too mu*1 b ,i hope t y w =give me4 ,& n[ ,i w answ] simply t ,i always "k :at ,i "k ) some?+4 ,& is t some?+1 he rejo9$1 always ! same1 or sometimes "o ?+1 & sometimes ano!r ?+8 ,always1 ,i repli$1 :5 ,i "k1 ,i "k ) ?is4 ,w y n cease add+ to y\r answ]s8 ,my fe> is t ?is ^w 'always' may get u into tr\ble4 ,y1 p]haps1 b c]ta9ly n u4 ,& n[ answ]3 ,d y always "k ) ?is8 ,always2 s9ce ,i am requir$ to )draw ! words ':5 ,i "k4' ,y always "k ) ?is1 or1 always kn[+1 d y "k "s ?+s ) ?is1 & "s ?+s ) some?+ else1 or d y "k all ?+s ) ?is8 ,all t ,i "k1 ,i repli$1 ,i "k ) ?is4 ,!re aga91 ,socrates1 he said1 ! addition is sup]flu\s4 ,well1 !n1 ,i said1 ,i w take away ! words 't ,i "k4' ,nay1 take no?+ away2 ,i desire no fav\rs ( y2 b let me ask3 ,w\ld y be able to "k all ?+s1 if y did n "k all ?+s8 ,q impossible4 ,& n[1 he said1 y may add on :atev] y l1 = y confess t y "k all ?+s4 ,i suppose t is true1 ,i said1 if my qualification impli$ 9 ! words 't ,i "k' is n all[$ to /&2 & s ,i d "k all ?+s4 ,& h y n admitt$ t y always "k all ?+s ) t :i* y "k1 :e!r y make ! addition ( ':5 y "k !m' or n8 = y h ackn[l$g$ t y h always & at once kn[n all ?+s1 t is to say1 :5 y 7 a *ild1 & at y\r bir?1 & :5 y 7 gr[+ up1 & be=e y 7 born1 & be=e ! heav5 & e>? exi/$1 y knew all ?+s1 if y always "k !m2 & ,i swe> t y %all always cont9ue to "k all ?+s1 if ,i am ( ! m9d to make y4 ,b ,i hope t y w be ( t m9d1 rev]5d ,eu?ydemus1 ,i said1 if y are really speak+ ! tru?1 & yet ,i a little d\bt y\r p[] to make good y\r words unless y h ! help ( y\r bro!r ,dionysodorus2 !n y may d x4 ,tell me n[1 bo? ( y1 = al?\gh 9 ! ma9 ,i _c d\bt t ,i really d "k all ?+s1 :5 ,i am told s by m5 ( y\r prodigi\s wisdom--h[ c ,i say t ,i "k su* ?+s1 ,eu?ydemus1 z t ! good are unju/2 come1 d ,i "k t or n8 ,c]ta9ly1 y "k t4 ,:at d ,i "k8 ,t ! good are n unju/4 ,q true1 ,i said2 & t ,i h always kn[n2 b ! "q is1 :]e did ,i le>n t ! good are unju/8 ,n[h]e1 said ,dionysodorus4 ,!n1 ,i said1 ,i d n "k ?is4 ,y are ru9+ ! argum5t1 said ,eu?ydemus to ,dionysodorus2 he w be prov$ n to "k1 & !n aft] all he w be kn[+ & n kn[+ at ! same "t4 ,dionysodorus blu%$4 ,i turn$ to ! o!r1 & said1 ,:at d y ?9k1 ,eu?ydemus8 ,does n y\r omnisci5t bro!r appe> to y to h made a mi/ake8 ,:at1 repli$ ,dionysodorus 9 a mom5t2 am ,i ! bro!r ( ,eu?ydemus8 ,!reupon ,i said1 ,please n to int]rupt1 my good fri5d1 or prev5t ,eu?ydemus f prov+ to me t ,i "k ! good to be unju/2 su* a lesson y might at lea/ all[ me to le>n4 ,y are runn+ away1 ,socrates1 said ,dionysodorus1 & refus+ to answ]4 ,no wond]1 ,i said1 = ,i am n a mat* = "o ( y1 & a =tiori ,i mu/ run away f two4 ,i am no ,h]acles2 & ev5 ,h]acles c\ld n fight aga9/ ! ,hydra1 :o 0 a %e-,sophi/1 & _h ! wit to %oot up _m new heads :5 "o ( !m 0 cut (f2 especially :5 he saw a second mon/] ( a sea-crab1 :o 0 also a ,sophi/1 & appe>$ to h newly arriv$ f a sea-voyage1 be>+ d[n ^u him f ! left1 op5+ 8 m\? & bit+4 ,:5 ! mon/] 0 gr[+ tr\blesome he call$ ,iolaus1 8 nephew1 to 8 help1 :o ably succ\r$ him2 b if my ,iolaus1 :o is my bro!r ,patrocles 7! /atu>y71 7 to come1 he w\ld only make a bad bus9ess worse4 ,& n[ t y h deliv]$ y\rself ( ?is /ra91 said ,dionysodorus1 w y in=m me :e!r ,iolaus 0 ! nephew ( ,h]acles any m ?an he is y\rs8 ,i suppose t ,i _h be/ answ] y1 ,dionysodorus1 ,i said1 = y w insi/ on ask+--t ,i pretty well "k--out ( envy1 9 ord] to prev5t me f le>n+ ! wisdom ( ,eu?ydemus4 ,!n answ] me1 he said4 ,well !n1 ,i said1 ,i c only reply t ,iolaus 0 n my nephew at all1 b ! nephew ( ,h]acles2 & 8 fa!r 0 n my bro!r ,patrocles1 b ,iphicles1 :o has a "n r l 81 & 0 ! bro!r ( ,h]acles4 ,& is ,patrocles1 he said1 y\r bro!r8 ,yes1 ,i said1 he is my half-bro!r1 ! son ( my "m1 b n ( my fa!r4 ,!n he is & is n y\r bro!r4 ,n by ! same fa!r1 my good man1 ,i said1 = ,*a]$emus 0 8 fa!r1 & m9e 0 ,sophroniscus4 ,& 0 ,sophroniscus a fa!r1 & ,*a]$emus also8 ,yes1 ,i said2 ! =m] 0 my fa!r1 & ! latt] 84 ,!n1 he said1 ,*a]$emus is n a fa!r4 ,he is n my fa!r1 ,i said4 ,b c a fa!r be o!r ?an a fa!r8 or are y ! same z a /one8 ,i c]ta9ly d n ?9k t ,i am a /one1 ,i said1 ?\gh ,i am afraid t y may prove me to be "o4 ,are y n o!r ?an a /one8 ,i am4 ,& be+ o!r ?an a /one1 y are n a /one2 & be+ o!r ?an gold1 y are n gold8 ,v true4 ,& s ,*a]$emus1 he said1 be+ o!r ?an a fa!r1 is n a fa!r8 ,i suppose t he is n a fa!r1 ,i repli$4 ,= if1 said ,eu?ydemus1 tak+ up ! argum5t1 ,*a]$emus is a fa!r1 !n ,sophroniscus1 be+ o!r ?an a fa!r1 is n a fa!r2 & y1 ,socrates1 are )\t a fa!r4 ,ctesippus1 "h tak+ up ! argum5t1 said3 ,& is n y\r fa!r 9 ! same case1 = he is o!r ?an my fa!r8 ,assur$ly n1 said ,eu?ydemus4 ,!n he is ! same8 ,he is ! same4 ,i _c say t ,i l ! connection2 b is he only my fa!r1 ,eu?ydemus1 or is he ! fa!r ( all o!r m58 ,( all o!r m51 he repli$4 ,d y suppose ! same p]son to be a fa!r & n a fa!r8 ,c]ta9ly1 ,i did s imag9e1 said ,ctesippus4 ,& d y suppose t gold is n gold1 or t a man is n a man8 ,!y are n '9 p>i mat]ia1' ,eu?ydemus1 said ,ctesippus1 & y _h bett] take c>e1 = x is mon/r\s to suppose t y\r fa!r is ! fa!r ( all4 ,b he is1 he repli$4 ,:at1 ( m5 only1 said ,ctesippus1 or ( horses & ( all o!r animals8 ,( all1 he said4 ,& y\r "m1 too1 is ! "m ( all8 ,yes1 our "m too4 ,yes2 & y\r "m has a prog5y ( sea-ur*9s !n8 ,yes2 & y\rs1 he said4 ,& gudgeons & puppies & pigs are y\r bro!rs8 ,& y\rs too4 ,& y\r papa is a dog8 ,& s is y\rs1 he said4 ,if y w answ] my que/ions1 said ,dionysodorus1 ,i w soon extract ! same admissions f y1 ,ctesippus4 ,y say t y h a dog4 ,yes1 a villa9 ( a "o1 said ,ctesippus4 ,& he has puppies8 ,yes1 & !y are v l himself4 ,& ! dog is ! fa!r ( !m8 ,yes1 he said1 ,i c]ta9ly saw him & ! "m ( ! puppies come toge!r4 ,& is he n y\rs8 ,to be sure he is4 ,!n he is a fa!r1 & he is y\rs2 ergo1 he is y\r fa!r1 & ! puppies are y\r bro!rs4 ,let me ask y "o little "q m1 said ,dionysodorus1 quickly int]pos+1 9 ord] t ,ctesippus might n get 9 8 ^w3 ,y beat ?is dog8 ,ctesippus said1 laugh+1 ,inde$ ,i d2 & ,i only wi% t ,i c\ld beat y in/ead ( him4 ,!n y beat y\r fa!r1 he said4 ,i %\ld h f> m reason to beat y\rs1 said ,ctesippus2 :at c\ld he h be5 ?9k+ ( :5 he begat su* wise sons8 mu* good has ?is fa!r ( y & y\r bre?r5 ! puppies got out ( ?is wisdom ( y\rs4 ,b nei!r he nor y1 ,ctesippus1 h any ne$ ( mu* good4 ,& h y no ne$1 ,eu?ydemus8 he said4 ,nei!r ,i nor any o!r man2 = tell me n[1 ,ctesippus1 if y ?9k x good or evil = a man :o is sick to dr9k m$ic9e :5 he wants x2 or to g to w> arm$ r ?an un>m$4 ,good1 ,i say4 ,& yet ,i "k t ,i am go+ to be caught 9 "o ( y\r *>m+ puzzles4 ,t1 he repli$1 y w discov]1 if y answ]2 s9ce y admit m$ic9e to be good = a man to dr9k1 :5 want$1 mu/ x n be good = him to dr9k z mu* z possible2 :5 he takes 8 m$ic9e1 a c>tload ( hellebore w n be too mu* = him8 ,ctesippus said3 ,q s1 ,eu?ydemus1 t is to say1 if he :o dr9ks is z big z ! /atue ( ,delphi4 ,& see+ t 9 w> to h arms is a good ?+1 he ought to h z _m spe>s & %ields z possible8 ,v true1 said ,ctesippus2 & d y ?9k1 ,eu?ydemus1 t he ought to h "o %ield only1 & "o spe>8 ,i d4 ,& w\ld y arm ,g]yon & ,bri>eus 9 t way8 ,consid]+ t y & y\r companion fight 9 arm\r1 ,i ?\ght t y w\ld h kn[n bett]444,"h ,eu?ydemus held 8 peace1 b ,dionysodorus return$ to ! previ\s answ] ( ,ctesippus & said3-- ,d y n ?9k t ! possession ( gold is a good ?+8 ,yes1 said ,ctesippus1 & ! m ! bett]4 ,& to h money ev]y:]e & always is a good8 ,c]ta9ly1 a great good1 he said4 ,& y admit gold to be a good8 ,c]ta9ly1 he repli$4 ,& ought n a man !n to h gold ev]y:]e & always1 & z mu* z possible 9 himself1 & may he n be deem$ ! happie/ ( m5 :o has ?ree tal5ts ( gold 9 8 belly1 & a tal5t 9 8 pate1 & a /at] ( gold 9 ei!r eye8 ,yes1 ,eu?ydemus1 said ,ctesippus2 & ! ,scy?ians reckon ^? :o h gold 9 _! own skulls to be ! happie/ & brave/ ( m5 7t is only ano!r in/ance ( y\r mann] ( speak+ ab\t ! dog & fa!r71 & :at is /ill m extraord9>y1 !y dr9k out ( _! own skulls gilt1 & see ! inside ( !m1 & hold _! own head 9 _! h&s4 ,& d ! ,scy?ians & o!rs see t :i* has ! quality ( vision1 or t :i* has n8 said ,eu?ydemus4 ,t :i* has ! quality ( vision cle>ly4 ,& y also see t :i* has ! quality ( vision8 he said4 ,note3 ! ambiguity ( 7,greek71 '?+s visible & able to see1' 7,greek71 '! speak+ ( ! sil5t1' ! sil5t d5ot+ ei!r ! speak] or ! subject ( ! spee*1 _c be p]fectly r5d]$ 9 ,engli%4 ,comp>e ,ari/ot4 ,soph4 ,el5*i 7,po/e's translation73-- ',( ambigu\s propositions ! foll[+ are in/ances3-- ',i hope t y ! enemy may slay4 ',:om "o kn[s1 he kn[s4 ,ei!r ! p]son kn[+ or ! p]son kn[n is "h affirm$ to "k4 ',:at "o sees1 t "o sees3 "o sees a pill>3 ergo1 t "o pill> sees4 ',:at y ,,are hold+1 t y are3 y are hold+ a /one3 ergo1 a /one y are4 ',is a speak+ ( ! sil5t possible8 ,! sil5t d5otes ei!r ! speak] are ! subject ( spee*4 ',!re are ?ree k9ds ( ambiguity ( t]m or proposition4 ,! fir/ is :5 !re is an equal l+ui/ic propriety 9 sev]al int]pretations2 ! second :5 "o is improp] b cu/om>y2 ! ?ird :5 ! ambiguity arises 9 ! comb9ation ( elem5ts t are 9 !mselves unambigu\s1 z 9 kn[+ lett]s4 ,kn[+ & lett]s are p]haps sep>ately unambigu\s1 b 9 comb9ation may imply ei!r t ! lett]s are kn[n1 or t !y !mselves h k4 ,su* are ! modes 9 :i* propositions & t]ms may be ambigu\s4' ,yes1 ,i d4 ,!n d y see our g>m5ts8 ,yes4 ,!n our g>m5ts h ! quality ( vision4 ,!y c see to any ext5t1 said ,ctesippus4 ,:at c !y see8 ,no?+2 b y1 my sweet man1 may p]haps imag9e t !y d n see2 & c]ta9ly1 ,eu?ydemus1 y d seem to me to h be5 caught napp+ :5 y 7 n asleep1 & t if x be possible to speak & say no?+--y are do+ s4 ,& may !re n be a sil5ce ( ! speak]8 said ,dionysodorus4 ,impossible1 said ,ctesippus4 ,or a speak+ ( ! sil5t8 ,t is /ill m impossible1 he said4 ,b :5 y speak ( /ones1 wood1 iron b>s1 d y n speak ( ! sil5t8 ,n :5 ,i pass a smi?y2 = !n ! iron b>s make a trem5d\s noise & outcry if !y are t\*$3 s t "h y\r wisdom is /rangely mi/ak52 please1 h[ev]1 to tell me h[ y c be sil5t :5 speak+ 7,i ?\ght t ,ctesippus 0 put ^u 8 mettle because ,cle9ias 0 pres5t74 ,:5 y are sil5t1 said ,eu?ydemus1 is !re n a sil5ce ( all ?+s8 ,yes1 he said4 ,b if speak+ ?+s are includ$ 9 all ?+s1 !n ! speak+ are sil5t4 ,:at1 said ,ctesippus2 !n all ?+s are n sil5t8 ,c]ta9ly n1 said ,eu?ydemus4 ,!n1 my good fri5d1 d !y all speak8 ,yes2 ^? :i* speak4 ,nay1 said ,ctesippus1 b ! "q :i* ,i ask is :e!r all ?+s are sil5t or speak8 ,nei!r & bo?1 said ,dionysodorus1 quickly int]pos+2 ,i am sure t y w be 'non-pluss$' at t answ]4 ,"h ,ctesippus1 z 8 mann] 01 bur/ into a ro> ( laught]2 he said1 ,t bro!r ( y\rs1 ,eu?ydemus1 has got into a dilemma2 all is ov] ) him4 ,?is delight$ ,cle9ias1 ^: laught] made ,ctesippus t5 times z upro>i\s2 b ,i _c help ?9k+ t ! rogue mu/ h pick$ up ?is answ] f !m2 = !re has be5 no wisdom l !irs 9 our "t4 ,:y d y laugh1 ,cle9ias1 ,i said1 at su* solemn & beautiful ?+s8 ,:y1 ,socrates1 said ,dionysodorus1 did y ev] see a beautiful ?+8 ,yes1 ,dionysodorus1 ,i repli$1 ,i h se5 _m4 ,7 !y o!r ?an ! beautiful1 or ! same z ! beautiful8 ,n[ ,i 0 9 a great qu&>y at hav+ to answ] ?is "q1 & ,i ?\ght t ,i 0 rightly s]v$ = hav+ op5$ my m\? at all3 ,i said h[ev]1 ,!y are n ! same z absolute beauty1 b !y h beauty pres5t ) ea* ( !m4 ,& are y an ox because an ox is pres5t ) y1 or are y ,dionysodorus1 because ,dionysodorus is pres5t ) y8 ,god =bid1 ,i repli$4 ,b h[1 he said1 by reason ( "o ?+ be+ pres5t ) ano!r1 w "o ?+ be ano!r8 ,is t y\r difficulty8 ,i said4 ,= ,i 0 beg9n+ to imitate _! skill1 on :i* my he>t 0 set4 ,( c\rse1 he repli$1 ,i & all ! _w are 9 a difficulty ab\t ! non-exi/5t4 ,:at d y mean1 ,dionysodorus8 ,i said4 ,is n ! hon\rable hon\rable & ! base base8 ,t1 he said1 is z ,i please4 ,& d y please8 ,yes1 he said4 ,& y w admit t ! same is ! same1 & ! o!r o!r2 = surely ! o!r is n ! same2 ,i %\ld imag9e t ev5 a *ild w h>dly d5y ! o!r to be o!r4 ,b ,i ?9k1 ,dionysodorus1 t y mu/ h int5tionally miss$ ! la/ "q2 = 9 g5]al y & y\r bro!r seem to me to be good workm5 9 y\r own dep>tm5t1 & to d ! dialectician's bus9ess excell5tly well4 ,:at1 said he1 is ! bus9ess ( a good workman8 tell me1 9 ! fir/ place1 ^: bus9ess is hamm]+8 ,! smi?'s4 ,& ^: ! mak+ ( pots8 ,! pott]'s4 ,& :o has to kill & sk9 & m9ce & boil & roa/8 ,! cook1 ,i said4 ,& if a man does 8 bus9ess he does rightly8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,& ! bus9ess ( ! cook is to cut up & sk92 y h admitt$ t8 ,yes1 ,i h admitt$ t1 b y mu/ n be too h>d ^u me4 ,!n if "s "o 7 to kill1 m9ce1 boil1 roa/ ! cook1 he w\ld d 8 bus9ess1 & if he 7 to hamm] ! smi?1 & make a pot ( ! pott]1 he w\ld d _! bus9ess4 ,poseidon1 ,i said1 ?is is ! cr[n ( wisdom2 c ,i ev] hope to h su* wisdom ( my own8 ,& w\ld y be able1 ,socrates1 to recognize ?is wisdom :5 x has become y\r own8 ,c]ta9ly1 ,i said1 if y w all[ me4 ,:at1 he said1 d y ?9k t y "k :at is y\r own8 ,yes1 ,i d1 subject to y\r correction2 = y are ! bottom1 & ,eu?ydemus is ! top1 ( all my wisdom4 ,is n t :i* y w\ld deem y\r own1 he said1 t :i* y h 9 y\r own p[]1 & :i* y are able to use z y w\ld desire1 = example1 an ox or a %eep--w\ld y n ?9k t :i* y c\ld sell & give & sacrifice to any god :om y pleas$1 to be y\r own1 & t :i* y c\ld n give or sell or sacrifice y w\ld ?9k n to be 9 y\r own p[]8 ,yes1 ,i said 7= ,i 0 c]ta9 t some?+ good w\ld come out ( ! que/ions1 :i* ,i 0 impati5t to he>72 yes1 su* ?+s1 & su* ?+s only are m9e4 ,yes1 he said1 & y w\ld mean by animals liv+ be+s8 ,yes1 ,i said4 ,y agree !n1 t ^? animals only are y\rs ) :i* y h ! p[] to d all ^! ?+s :i* ,i 0 j nam+8 ,i agree4 ,!n1 aft] a pause1 9 :i* he seem$ to be lo/ 9 ! contemplation ( some?+ great1 he said3 ,tell me1 ,socrates1 h y an ance/ral ,zeus8 ,"h1 anticipat+ ! f9al move1 l a p]son caught 9 a net1 :o gives a desp]ate twi/ t he may get away1 ,i said3 ,no1 ,dionysodorus1 ,i h n4 ,:at a mis]able man y mu/ be !n1 he said2 y are n an ,a!nian at all if y h no ance/ral gods or temples1 or any o!r m>k ( g5tility4 ,nay1 ,dionysodorus1 ,i said1 d n be r\gh2 good words1 if y please2 9 ! way ( religion ,i h alt>s & temples1 dome/ic & ance/ral1 & all t o!r ,a!nians h4 ,& h n o!r ,a!nians1 he said1 an ance/ral ,zeus8 ,t "n1 ,i said1 is n to be f\nd among ! ,ionians1 :e!r coloni/s or citiz5s ( ,a!ns2 an ance/ral ,apollo !re is1 :o is ! fa!r ( ,ion1 & a family ,zeus1 & a ,zeus gu>dian ( ! phratry1 & an ,a!ne gu>dian ( ! phratry4 ,b ! "n ( ance/ral ,zeus is unkn[n to u4 ,no matt]1 said ,dionysodorus1 = y admit t y h ,apollo1 ,zeus1 & ,a!ne4 ,c]ta9ly1 ,i said4 ,& !y are y\r gods1 he said4 ,yes1 ,i said1 my lords & ance/ors4 ,at any rate !y are y\rs1 he said1 did y n admit t8 ,i did1 ,i said2 :at is go+ to happ5 to me8 ,& are n ^! gods animals8 = y admit t all ?+s :i* h life are animals2 & h n ^! gods life8 ,!y h life1 ,i said4 ,!n are !y n animals8 ,!y are animals1 ,i said4 ,& y admitt$ t ( animals ^? are y\rs :i* y c\ld give away or sell or (f] 9 sacrifice1 z y pleas$8 ,i did admit t1 ,eu?ydemus1 & ,i h no way ( escape4 ,well !n1 said he1 if y admit t ,zeus & ! o!r gods are y\rs1 c y sell !m or give !m away or d :at y w ) !m1 z y w\ld ) o!r animals8 ,at ?is ,i 0 q /ruck dumb1 ,crito1 & lay pro/rate4 ,ctesippus came to ! rescue4 ,bravo1 ,h]acles1 brave words1 said he4 ,bravo ,h]acles1 or is ,h]acles a ,bravo8 said ,dionysodorus4 ,poseidon1 said ,ctesippus1 :at awful di/9ctions4 ,i w h no m ( !m2 ! pair are inv9cible4 ,!n1 my de> ,crito1 !re 0 univ]sal applause ( ! speak]s & _! words1 & :at ) laugh+ & clapp+ ( h&s & rejoic+s ! two m5 7 q ov]p[]$2 = hi!rto _! p>tisans only _h *e]$ at ea* successive hit1 b n[ ! :ole company %\t$ ) delight until ! columns ( ! ,lyceum return$ ! s\nd1 seem+ to sympa?ize 9 _! joy4 ,to su* a pit* 0 ,i affect$ myself1 t ,i made a spee*1 9 :i* ,i ackn[l$g$ t ,i _h nev] se5 ! l ( _! wisdom2 ,i 0 _! devot$ s]vant1 & fell to prais+ & admir+ ( !m4 ,:at m>vell\s dext]ity ( wit1 ,i said1 enabl$ y to acquire ?is great p]fection 9 su* a %ort "t8 ,!re is mu*1 inde$1 to admire 9 y\r words1 ,eu?ydemus & ,dionysodorus1 b !re is no?+ t ,i admire m ?an y\r magnanim\s disreg>d ( any op9ion--:e!r ( ! _m1 or ( ! grave & rev]5d seigniors--y reg>d only ^? :o are l y\rselves4 ,& ,i d v]ily believe t !re are few :o are l y1 & :o w\ld approve ( su* argum5ts2 ! majority ( mank9d are s ignorant ( _! value1 t !y w\ld be m a%am$ ( employ+ !m 9 ! refutation ( o!rs ?an ( be+ refut$ by !m4 ,i mu/ fur!r express my approval ( y\r k9d & public-spirit$ d5ial ( all diff]5ces1 :e!r ( good & evil1 :ite or black1 or any o!r2 ! result ( :i* is t1 z y say1 e m\? is sewn up1 n except+ y\r own1 :i* graci\sly foll[s ! example ( o!rs2 & ?us all gr\nd ( (f5ce is tak5 away4 ,b :at appe>s to me to be m ?an all is1 t ?is art & inv5tion ( y\rs has be5 s admirably contriv$ by y1 t 9 a v %ort "t x c be imp>t$ to any "o4 ,i obs]v$ t ,ctesippus le>n$ to imitate y 9 no "t4 ,n[ ?is quickness ( atta9m5t is an excell5t ?+2 b at ! same "t ,i w\ld advise y n to h any m public ent]ta9m5ts2 !re is a dang] t m5 may und]value an art :i* !y h s easy an opportunity ( acquir+2 ! exhibition w\ld be be/ ( all1 if ! discussion 7 conf9$ to y\r two selves2 b if !re mu/ be an audi5ce1 let him only be pres5t :o is will+ to pay a h&some fee2--y %\ld be c>eful ( ?is2--& if y are wise1 y w also bid y\r disciples disc\rse ) no man b y & !mselves4 ,= only :at is r>e is valuable2 & 'wat]1' :i*1 z ,p9d> says1 is ! 'be/ ( all ?+s1' is also ! *eape/4 ,& n[ ,i h only to reque/ t y w receive ,cle9ias & me among y\r pupils4 ,su* 0 ! discussion1 ,crito2 & aft] a few m words _h pass$ betwe5 u we w5t away4 ,i hope t y w come to !m ) me1 s9ce !y say t !y are able to tea* any "o :o w give !m money2 no age or want ( capacity is an imp$im5t4 ,& ,i mu/ repeat "o ?+ :i* !y said1 = y\r especial b5efit1--t ! le>n+ ( _! art did n at all int]f]e ) ! bus9ess ( money-mak+4 ,,crito3 ,truly1 ,socrates1 ?\gh ,i am curi\s & ready to le>n1 yet ,i fe> t ,i am n l-m9d$ ) ,eu?ydemus1 b "o ( ! o!r sort1 :o1 z y 7 say+1 w\ld r be refut$ by su* argum5ts ?an use !m 9 refutation ( o!rs4 ,& ?\gh ,i may appe> ridicul\s 9 v5tur+ to advise y1 ,i ?9k t y may z well he> :at 0 said to me by a man ( v consid]able pret5sions--he 0 a pr(essor ( legal oratory--:o came away f y :ile ,i 0 walk+ up & d[n4 ',crito1' said he to me1 'are y giv+ no att5tion to ^! wise m58' ',no1 inde$1' ,i said to him2 ',i c\ld n get )9 he>+ ( !m--!re 0 su* a cr[d4' ',y w\ld h he>d some?+ wor? he>+ if y _h4' ',:at 0 t8' ,i said4 ',y w\ld h he>d ! greate/ ma/]s ( ! art ( rhetoric disc\rs+4' ',& :at did y ?9k ( !m8' ,i said4 ',:at did ,i ?9k ( !m8' he said3--'!irs 0 ! sort ( disc\rse :i* anybody might he> f m5 :o 7 play+ ! fool1 & mak+ mu* ado ab\t no?+4' ,t 0 ! expression :i* he us$4 ',surely1' ,i said1 'philosophy is a *>m+ ?+4' ',*>m+6' he said2 ':at simplicity6 philosophy is n\ght2 & ,i ?9k t if y _h be5 pres5t y w\ld h be5 a%am$ ( y\r fri5d--8 conduct 0 s v /range 9 plac+ himself at ! m]cy ( m5 :o c>e n :at !y say1 & fa/5 ^u e ^w4 ,& ^!1 z ,i 0 tell+ y1 are suppos$ to be ! mo/ em95t pr(essors ( _! "t4 ,b ! tru? is1 ,crito1 t ! /udy itself & ! m5 !mselves are utt]ly mean & ridicul\s4' ,n[ c5sure ( ! pursuit1 ,socrates1 :e!r com+ f him or f o!rs1 appe>s to me to be undes]v$2 b z to ! impropriety ( hold+ a public discussion ) su* m51 !re1 ,i confess t1 9 my op9ion1 he 0 9 ! "r4 ,,socrates3 ,o ,crito1 !y are m>vell\s m52 b :at 0 ,i go+ to say8 ,fir/ ( all let me "k2--,:at mann] ( man 0 he :o came up to y & c5sur$ philosophy2 0 he an orator :o himself practises 9 ! c\rts1 or an in/ructor ( orators1 :o makes ! spee*es ) :i* !y d battle8 ,,crito3 ,he 0 c]ta9ly n an orator1 & ,i d\bt :e!r he _h ev] be5 into c\rt2 b !y say t he kn[s ! bus9ess1 & is a clev] man1 & composes wond]ful spee*es4 ,,socrates3 ,n[ ,i und]/&1 ,crito2 he is "o ( an amphibi\s class1 :om ,i 0 on ! po9t ( m5tion+--"o ( ^? :om ,prodicus describes z on ! bord]-gr\nd betwe5 philosoph]s & /atesm5--!y ?9k t !y are ! wise/ ( all m51 & t !y are g5]ally e/eem$ ! wise/2 no?+ b ! rivalry ( ! philosoph]s /&s 9 _! way2 & !y are ( ! op9ion t if !y c prove ! philosoph]s to be good = no?+1 no "o w dispute _! title to ! palm ( wisdom1 = t !y are !mselves really ! wise/1 al?\gh !y are apt to be maul$ by ,eu?ydemus & 8 fri5ds1 :5 !y get hold ( !m 9 conv]sation4 ,?is op9ion :i* !y ent]ta9 ( _! own wisdom is v natural2 = !y h a c]ta9 am\nt ( philosophy1 & a c]ta9 am\nt ( political wisdom2 !re is reason 9 :at !y say1 = !y argue t !y h j en\gh ( bo?1 & s !y keep out ( ! way ( all risks & conflicts & reap ! fruits ( _! wisdom4 ,,crito3 ,:at d y say ( !m1 ,socrates8 ,!re is c]ta9ly some?+ speci\s 9 t notion ( !irs4 ,,socrates3 ,yes1 ,crito1 !re is m speci\sness ?an tru?2 !y _c be made to und]/& ! nature ( int]m$iates4 ,= all p]sons or ?+s1 :i* are int]m$iate betwe5 two o!r ?+s1 & p>ticipate 9 bo? ( !m--if "o ( ^! two ?+s is good & ! o!r evil1 are bett] ?an ! "o & worse ?an ! o!r2 b if !y are 9 a mean betwe5 two good ?+s :i* d n t5d to ! same end1 !y fall %ort ( ei!r ( _! compon5t elem5ts 9 ! atta9m5t ( _! ends4 ,only 9 ! case :5 ! two compon5t elem5ts :i* d n t5d to ! same end are evil is ! p>ticipant bett] ?an ei!r4 ,n[1 if philosophy & political action are bo? good1 b t5d to diff]5t ends1 & !y p>ticipate 9 bo?1 & are 9 a mean betwe5 !m1 !n !y are talk+ nons5se1 = !y are worse ?an ei!r2 or1 if ! "o be good & ! o!r evil1 !y are bett] ?an ! "o & worse ?an ! o!r2 only on ! supposition t !y are bo? evil c\ld !re be any tru? 9 :at !y say4 ,i d n ?9k t !y w admit t _! two pursuits are ei!r :olly or p>tly evil2 b ! tru? is1 t ^! philosoph]-politicians :o aim at bo? fall %ort ( bo? 9 ! atta9m5t ( _! respective ends1 & are really ?ird1 al?\gh !y w\ld l to /& fir/4 ,!re is no ne$1 h[ev]1 to be angry at ?is ambition ( !irs--:i* may be =giv52 = e man ought to be lov$ :o says & manfully pursues & works out any?+ :i* is at all l wisdom3 at ! same "t we %all d well to see !m z !y really are4 ,,crito3 ,i h (t5 told y1 ,socrates1 t ,i am 9 a con/ant difficulty ab\t my two sons4 ,:at am ,i to d ) !m8 ,!re is no hurry ab\t ! y\ng] "o1 :o is only a *ild2 b ! o!r1 ,critobulus1 is gett+ on1 & ne$s "s "o :o w improve him4 ,i _c help ?9k+1 :5 ,i he> y talk1 t !re is a sort ( madness 9 _m ( our anxieties ab\t our *ildr53--9 ! fir/ place1 ab\t m>ry+ a wife ( good family to be ! "m ( !m1 & !n ab\t heap+ up money = !m--& yet tak+ no c>e ab\t _! education4 ,b !n aga91 :5 ,i contemplate any ( ^? :o pret5d to educate o!rs1 ,i am amaz$4 ,to me1 if ,i am to confess ! tru?1 !y all seem to be su* outrage\s be+s3 s t ,i d n "k h[ ,i c advise ! y\? to /udy philosophy4 ,,socrates3 ,de> ,crito1 d y n "k t 9 e pr(ession ! inf]ior sort are num]\s & good = no?+1 & ! good are few & beyond all price3 = example1 are n gymna/ic & rhetoric & money-mak+ & ! art ( ! g5]al1 noble arts8 ,,crito3 ,c]ta9ly !y are1 9 my judgm5t4 ,,socrates3 ,well1 & d y n see t 9 ea* ( ^! arts ! _m are ridicul\s p]=m]s8 ,,crito3 ,yes1 inde$1 t is v true4 ,,socrates3 ,& w y on ?is acc\nt %un all ^! pursuits y\rself & refuse to all[ !m to y\r son8 ,,crito3 ,t w\ld n be reasonable1 ,socrates4 ,,socrates3 ,d y !n be reasonable1 ,crito1 & d n m9d :e!r ! tea*]s ( philosophy are good or bad1 b ?9k only ( philosophy h]self4 ,try & exam9e h] well & truly1 & if %e be evil seek to turn away all m5 f h]1 & n y\r sons only2 b if %e be :at ,i believe t %e is1 !n foll[ h] & s]ve h]1 y & y\r h\se1 z ! say+ is1 & be ( good *e]4