,! ,gr\nds ( ,*ri/ianity ,exam9$ by     
,comp>+ ,! ,new ,te/am5t ) ! ,old  by   
,george ,be?une ,engli%1 ,a4,m4   ,fir/ 
und]/&1 !n judge4 ,br+ =? ! p bl9d1     
al?\gh !y h eyes2 ,& deaf1 al?\gh !y h  
e>s4 ,let !m produce _! witnesses1 t !y 
may be ju/ifi$2 ,or let !m he> _! turn1 
& say1 ,,?is ,,is ,,true4  ,,isaiah4    
,bo/on #ahac   ,to ! ,intellig5t & !    
,c&id ,:o are ,will+ to ,li/5 to ,e     
,op9ion ,t is ,support$ by ,reason2 ,&  
,n ,av]se to ,br++ _! ,own ,op9ions ,to 
! ,te/ ( ,exam9ation2 ,,?is ,,book ,is  
,respectfully ,d$icat$ ,by ,! ,au?or    
,,cont5ts  ,*apt] ,i4                   
,introductory1--,%[+ t ! ,apo/les &     
,au?ors ( ! ,new ,te/am5t endeav\r to   
prove ,*ri/ianity f ! ,old4  ,*apt]     
,,ii4 ,/atem5t ( ! ,"q 9 ,dispute4      
,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,*>act]i/ics ( !       
,messiah1 z giv5 by ! ,hebrew ,prophets4
  ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! "* ( ,jesus te/$ by ^?
 *>act]i/ic m>ks ( ! messiah1 giv5 by ! 
,prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4  ,*apt] ,v4
 ,exam9ation ( ! argum5ts f ! ,old      

,te/am5t adduc$ 9 ! ,new1 to prove t    
,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 ! ,messiah4  ,*apt]  
,,vi4 ,exam9ation ( ! mean+ ( ! phrase  
?is 0 done t x might be fulfill$4       
,*apt] ,,vii4 ,exam9ation ( ! argum5ts  
all$g$ f ! ,hebrew ,prophets1 to prove t
 ,jesus 0 ! ,messiah4  ,*apt] ,,viii4   
,/atem5t ( ,argum5ts :i* prove t ,jesus 
0 n ! ,messiah ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4       
,*apt] ,,ix4 ,on ! "* ( ,jesus (        
,naz>e?1 & ! weight to be all[$ to !    
argum5t ( m>tyrdom1 z a te/ ( tru?1 9   
?is "q4  ,*apt] ,x4 ,miscellane\s4      
,*apt] ,,xi4 ,:e!r ! ,mosaic ,law be    
repres5t$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z a         
tempor>y1 or a p]petual in/itution4     
,*apt] ,,xii4 ,on ! "* ( ,paul1 & 8     
mann] ( reason+4  ,*apt] ,,xiii4        
,exam9ation ( "s doctr9es 9 ! ,new      
te/am5t1 d]iv$ f ! ,cabbala1 ! ,ori5tal 
philosophy1 & ! t5ets ( ,zoroa/]4       
,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,a consid]ation ( ! gift (
 tongues1 & o!r miracul\s p[]s1 ascrib$ 
to ! ,primitive ,*ri/ians2 & :e!r       
record$ miracles are infallible pro(s ( 

! ,div9e ,au?ority ( doctr9es said to h 
be5 confirm$ by !m4  ,*apt] ,,xv4       
,application ( ! two te/s1 said 9       
,deut]onomy to h be5 giv5 by ,god z     
discrim9at+ a true prophet f a false "o1
 to ! "* & actions ( ,jesus4  ,*apt]    
,,xvi4 ,exam9ation ( ! evid5ce1 ext]nal 
& int]nal1 9 fav\r ( ! cr$ibility ( !   
,gospel hi/ory4  ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,on !   
peculi> morality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z x 
affects nations & political societies4  
,*apt] ,,xix4 ,a consid]ation ( "s      
suppos$ advantages attribut$ to ! ,new1 
ov] ! ,old1 te/am5t2 & :e!r ! doctr9e ( 
a ,resurrection & a ,life to ,come1 is n
 taught by ! ,old te/am5t1 9            
contradiction ! ass]tion1 t life &      
immorality 7 br\ght to light by !       
,gospel4  ,conclusion  ,app5dix  ,add5da
    ,,preface  ,! celebrat$ ,dr4 ,price1
 9 8 valuable ,obs]vation on !          
,importance ( ! ,am]ican ,revolution1   
address$ to ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1      
obs]ves t1 ,x is a common op9ion1 t !re 
are "s doctr9es s sacr$1 & o!rs ( s bad 

a t5d5cy1 t no public discussion ( !m   
ought to be all[$4 ,7 ?is a "r op9ion1  
all ! p]secution t has ev] be5 practis$ 
w\ld be ju/ifi$2 = if x is a "p ( ! duty
 ( civil magi/rates to prev5t !         
discussion ( su* doctr9es1 !y mu/1 9 do+
 ?is1 act on _! own judgm5ts ( ! nature 
& t5d5cy ( doctr9es2 &1 consequ5tly1 !y 
mu/ h a "r to prev5t ! discussion ( all 
doctr9es :i* !y ?9k to be too sacr$ =   
discussion1 or too dang]\s 9 _! t5d5cy2 
& ?is "r !y mu/ ex]cise 9 ! only way 9  
:i* civil p[] is capable ( ex]cis+      
x--'by inflict+ p5alties ^u all :o      
oppose sacr$ doctr9es1 or :o ma9ta9     
p]nici\s op9ions4' ,9 ,mahometan1       
c\ntries1 !re=e1 magi/rates w\ld h a "r 
to sil5ce & puni% all :o oppose ! div9e 
mission ( ,mahomet1 a doctr9e !re       
reckon$ ( ! mo/ sacr$ nature4 ,! l is   
true ( ! doctr9es ( transub/antiation1  
wor%ip ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 c4 c41 9 ,popi% 
c\ntries2 & ( ! doctr9es ( ! ,tr9ity1   
satisfaction1 c41 9 ,prote/ant c\ntries4
 ,all su* laws are "r1 if ! op9ion ,i h 

m5tion$ is "r4 ,b1 9 reality1 civil p[] 
has no?+ to d 9 su* matt]s1 & civil     
gov]nors g mis]ably out ( _! prop]      
prov9ce1 :5ev] !y take ^u !m ! c>e (    
tru?1 or ! support ( any doctr9al po9ts4
 ,!y are n judges ( tru?1 & if !y pret5d
 to decide ab\t x1 !y w decide wrong4   
,?is all ! c\ntries "u heav5 ?9k ( !    
application ( civil p[] to doctr9al     
po9ts 9 e c\ntry1 b _! own4 ,x is inde$ 
sup]/ition1 idolatry1 & nons5se1 t civil
 p[] at pres5t supports almo/ e :]e "u !
 idea ( support+ sacr$ tru?1 & oppos+   
dang]\s error4 ,w\ld n1 !re=e1 its      
p]fect neutrality be ! greate/ bless+8  
,w\ld n ! int]e/ ( tru? ga9 unspeakably1
 7 all ! rul]s ( /ates to aim at no?+ b 
keep+ ! peace2 or did !y consid]        
!mselves b\nd to take c>e1 n ( ! future1
 b ! pres5t1 int]e/ ( man2 n ( _! s\ls &
 ( _! fai?1 b ( _! p]son & prop]ty2 n ( 
any ecclesia/ical1 b secul>1 matt]s     
only8  ,all ! exp]i5ce ( pa/ "t proves1 
t ! consequ5ce ( all[+ civil p[] to     
judge ( ! nature & t5d5cy ( doctr9es1   

mu/ be mak+ x a h9drance to ! progress (
 tru?1 & an enemy to ! improvem5t ( !   
_w4  ,i w\ld ext5d ^! obs]vations to all
 po9ts ( fai?1 h[ev] sacr$ !y may3 be   
deem$4 ,no?+ reasonable--c suff] by     
discussion4 ,all doctr9es1 really sacr$1
 mu/ be cle>1 & incapable ( be+ oppos$ )
 success4  ,t immoral t5d5cy ( doctr9es1
 :i* has be5 urg$ z a reason aga9/ all[+
 ! public discussion ( !m1 may be ei!r  
av[$ & direct8 or only a consequ5ce )   
:i* !y are *>g$4 ,if x is av[$ & direct1
 su* doctr9es c]ta9ly w n spread2 !     
pr9ciples root$1 9 human nature w resi/ 
!m1 & ! advocates ( !m w be soon        
disgrac$4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 x is only a
 consequ5ce ) :i* a doctr9e is *>g$1 x  
%\ld be consid]$ h[ apt all p>ties are  
to *>ge ! doctr9es !y oppose ) bad      
t5d5cies4 ,x is well kn[n t ,calv9i/s & 
,arm9ians1 ,tr9it>ians & ,soc9ians1     
,fatali/s & ,free-,will]s1 are          
cont9ually exclaim+ aga9/ "o ano!r's    
op9ions1 z dang]\s & lic5ti\s4 ,ev5     
,*ri/ianity itself c\ld n1 at its fir/  

introduction1 escape ?is accusation4 ,! 
pr(essors ( x 7 consid]$ z a!i/s1       
because !y oppos$ pagan idolatry2 & _!  
religion 01 on ?is acc\nt1 reckon$ a    
de/ructive & p]nici\s en?usiasm4 ,if1   
!re=e1 ! rul]s ( a /ate are to prohibit 
! propagation ( all doctr9es1 9 :i* !y  
appreh5d immoral t5d5cies1 an op5+ w be 
made1 z ,i h be=e obs]v$1 = e species ( 
p]secution4 ,!re w be no doctr9e1 h[ev] 
true or important1 ! av[al ( :i* w n1 91
 "s c\ntry or o!r1 be subject$ to civil 
p5alties4  ,^! obs]vations be> ! /amp ( 
good s5se1 & _! tru? has be5 abundantly 
confirm$ by exp]i5ce2 & x is ! peculi>  
hon\r ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 t 9 con=mity ) 
! pr9ciples ( ^! obs]vations1 p]fect    
fre$om1 ( op9ion & ( spee*1 are "h      
e/abli%$ by law1 & are ! bir?right ( e  
citiz5 !re(4 ,our c\ntry99 is ! only "o 
:i* has n be5 guilty ( ! folly (        
e/abli%+ ! asc5dancy ( "o set ( religi\s
 op9ions1 & p]secut+ or tol]at+ all     
o!rs1 & :i* does n p]mit any man to     
h>ass 8 neighb\r1 because he ?9ks       

diff]5tly f himself4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ^! 
excell5t in/itutions1 diff]5ce (        
religi\s s5tim5t2 makes "h no brea* 9   
private fri5d%ip1 & works no dang] to ! 
public security4 ,?is is z x %\ld be2 =1
 9 matt]s ( op9ion1 especially ) reg>d  
to s important a ?+ z religion1 x is e  
man's natural "r & duty to ?9k =        
himself1 & to judge ^u su* evid5ce z he 
c procure1 aft] he has us$ 8 be/        
endeav\rs to get in=mation4 ,human      
decisions are ( no weight 9 ?is matt]1 =
 ano!r man has no m "r to4 det]m9e :at 8
 op9ions %all be1 ?an ,i h to det]m9e   
:at ano!r mans op9ions %all be4 ,x is   
amaz+ t "o man c d>e to presume he has  
su* a "r ov] ano!r2 & t any man c be s  
weak & cr$ul\s1 z to imag9e1 t ano!r has
 su* "r ov] him4  ,z x is e man's       
natural "r & duty to ?9k & judge =      
himself 9 matt]s ( op9ion2 s he %\ld be 
all[$ freely to br+ =w>d & def5d 8      
op9ions1 & to endeav\r1 :5 be judges    
prop]1 to conv9ce o!rs also ( _! tru?4  
,= unless all m5 are all[$ freely to    

pr(ess _! op9ions1 ! means ( in=mation1 
) respect to op9ions1 mu/1 9 a great    
measure1 be want+2 & j inquiries into _!
 tru? be almo/ impracticable2 &1 by     
consequ5ce1 our natural "r & duty to ?9k
 & judge = ourselves1 mu/ be r5d]$ almo/
 nugatory1 or be subv]t$1 = want (      
mat]ials :]eon to employ our m9ds4 ,a   
man by himself1 )\t communication ) o!r 
m9ds1 c make no great progress 9 k2 &   
besides1 an individual is indispos$ to  
use 8 own /r5g?1 :5 an undi/urb$        
laz9ess1 ignorance1 & prejudice give him
 full satisfaction z to ! tru? ( 8      
op9ions4 ,b if !re be a free pr(ession1 
or communication ( s5tim5t1 e man w h an
 opportunity ( acqua9t+ himself ) all t 
c be kn[n f o!rs2 & _m = _! own         
satisfaction w make inquiries1 &1 9 ord]
 to asc]ta9 ! tru? ( op9ions1 w desire  
to "k all t c be said on any "q4  ,if   
su* lib]ty ( pr(ess+ & tea*+ be n all[$1
 error1 if au?oriz$1 w keep its gr\nd2 &
 tru?1 if dormant1 w nev] be br\ght to  
light2 or1 if au?oriz$1 w be support$ on

 a false & absurd f\ndation1 & su* z    
w\ld equally support error2 &1 if       
receiv$ on ! gr\nd ( au?ority1 w n be 9 
! lea/ m]itori\s to its pr(essors4      
,besides1 n to enc\rage capable & hone/ 
m5 to pr(ess & def5d _! op9ions :5      
diff]5t f ours1 is to di/ru/ ! tru? (   
our own op9ion1 & to fe> ! light4 ,su*  
conduct mu/1 9 a c\ntry ( s5se & le>n+1 
increase ! numb] ( unbeliev]s already s 
greatly compla9$ (2 :o1 if !y see matt]s
 ( op9ion n all[$ to be pr(ess$1 &      
imp>tially debat$1 ?9k1 ju/ly p]haps1 t 
!y h f\l play1 &1 !re=e1 reject _m ?+s z
 false & ill gr\nd$1 :i* o!rwise !y     
might p]haps receive z tru?s4  ,! gr&   
pr9ciple ( m5 consid]$ z hav+ relation  
to ! ,deity1 & "u an obligation to be   
religi\s1 is1 t !y ought to consult _!  
reason1 & seek e :]e = ! be/ in/ruction2
 & ( ,*ri/ians & ,prote/ants ! duty1 &  
pr(ess$ pr9ciple is1 to consult reason &
 ! ,scripture1 z ! rule ( _! fai? &     
practice4  ,b h[ c ^!1 :i* are practical
 pr9ciples1 be duly put 9 practice1     

unless all be at lib]ty1 at all times1 &
 9 all po9ts1 consid] & debate ) o!rs1  
7z well z ) !mselves17 :at reason &     
,scripture says2 & to pr(ess1 & act     
op5ly1 accord+ to :at !y are conv9c$ !y 
say8 ,h[ c we become bett] in=m$ ) reg>d
 to religion1 ?an by us+ ! be/ means (  
in=mation8 :i* consi/ 9 consult+ reason 
& scripture1 & call+ 9 ! aid ( o!rs4 ,& 
( :at use is x to consult reason1 &     
,scripture at all1 z any means (        
in=mation41 if we are n1 ^u conviction1 
to foll[ _! dictates8  ,no man has any  
reason to appreh5d any ill consequ5ces  
to tru?1 7= :i* alone he ought to h any 
conc]n17 f free inquiry & debate4--,=   
tru? is n a ?+ to dread exam9ation1 b :5
 fairly propos$ to an unbias$ und]/&+1  
is l light to ! eye2 x mu/ di/+ui%      
itself f error1 z light does di/+ui%    
does di/+ui% itself f d>kness4 ,=1 :ile 
free debate is all[$1 tru? is 9 no      
dang]1 = x w nev] want a pr(essor !re(1 
nor an advocate to (f] "s plea 9 its    
behalf4 ,& x c nev] be :olly bani%$1 b  

:5 human decisions1 back$ by human p[]1 
c>ry all be=e !m4  ,we ought to exam9e  
f\ndations ( op9ions1 n only1 t we may  
atta9 ! discov]y ( tru?1 b we ought to d
 s1 on ?is acc\nt1 because t x is our   
duty2 & ! way to recomm5d ourselves to !
 fav\r ( ,god4 ,= op9ions1 h[ true      
soev]1 :5 ! effect ( education or       
tradition1 or int]e/1 or passion1 c nev]
 recomm5d a man to ,god4 ,= ^? ways h no
 m]it 9 !m1 & are ! wor/ a man c        
possibly take to obta9 tru?2 & !re=e1   
?\gh !y may be objects ( =giv5ess1 !y c 
nev] be ( rew>d f ,him4  ,hav+ promis$  
^! obs]vations 9 ord] to p]suade1 &     
dispose ! read] to be c&id1 ,i w n[     
decl>e ! motives1 :i* induc$ me to      
submit to ! consid]ation ( ! intellig5t1
 ! cont5ts ( ?is volume4 ,! ,au?or has  
sp>$1 he ?9ks1 no pa9s to arrive at     
c]ta9 ,tru? 9 matt]s ( religion2 !2 s5se
 ( :i* is :at di/+ui%es man f ! brute4  
,& 9 ?is mo/ important subject t c      
employ ! human und]/&+1 he has be5      
p>ticul>ly desir\s to become acqua9t$ ) 

! ,gr\nds1 & ,doctr9es ( ! ,*ri/ian     
,religion2 & no?+ b ! difficulties1 :i* 
he 9 ?is volume lays be=e ! public1     
/agg]s 8 fai? 9 x4  ,x may p]haps add to
 ! int]e/ ! ,read] may take 9 ?is "w to 
in=m him1 t ! ,au?or 0 a believ] 9 !    
religion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 aft] :at he 
conceiv$ to be a suffici5t exam9ation ( 
its evid5ce = a div9e orig94 ,he _h     
t]m9at$ an exam9ation ( ! controv]sy ) !
 ,dei/s to 8 own satisfaction1 i4e4 he  
felt conv9c$ t _! objections 7 n        
insurm\ntable1 :5 he turn$ 8 att5tion to
 ! consid]ation ( ! anci5t1 & obscure   
controv]sy betwe5 ! ,*ri/ians & ! ,jews4
 ,8 curiosity 0 deeply int]e/$ to exam9e
 a subject 9 tru? s little kn[n1 & to   
asc]ta9 ! causes1 & ! reasons1 :i* _h   
prev5t$ a p m int]e/$ 9 ! tru? (        
,*ri/ianity ?an any o!r f believ+ x3 &  
he set d[n to ! subject )\t any         
suspicion1 t ! exam9ation w\ld n t]m9ate
 9 conv9c+ him /ill m 9 fav\r ( :at 7 !n
 8 op9ions4 ,aft] a long1 ?or\gh1 &     
/>tl+ exam9ation ( _! ,books1 toge!r )  

all ! answ]s to !m he c\ld obta9 f a    
,libr>y amply furni%$ 9 ?is respect1 he 
0 f9ally v reluctantly compell$ to feel 
p]suad$1 by pro(s he c\ld nei!r refute1 
nor evade1 t h[ easily soev] ,*ri/ians  
might answ] ! ,dei/s1 s call$1 ! ,jews 7
 cle>ly too h>d = !m4 ,because !y set ! 
,old & ,new ,te/am5t 9 opposition1 &    
r$uce ,*ri/ians to ?is fatal            
dilemma4--,ei!r ! ,old ,te/am5t conta9s 
a ,revelation f ,god2 or x does sot4 ,if
 x does1 !n ! ,new ,te/am5t _c be f     
,god1 because x is palpably1 &          
importantly repugnant to ! ,old ,te/am5t
 9 doctr9e1 & "s o!r ?+s4 ,n[ ,jews1 &  
,*ri/ians1 ea* ( !m admit ! ,old        
,te/am5t z conta9+ a div9e ,revelation2 
consequ5tly ! ,jews _c1 & ,*ri/ians     
ought n to receive & all[ any ?+ z a    
,revelation f ,god :i* flatly           
contradicts a =m] by !m ackn[l$g$       
,revelation3 because x _c be suppos$ t  
,god w contradict himself4 ,on ! o!r    
h&--if ! ,old ,te/am5t be n f ,god1 /ill
 ! ,new ,te/am5t mu/ g d[n1 because x   

ass]ts t ! ,old ,te/am5t is a revelation
 f ,god1 & builds ^u x z a f\ndation4 ,&
 if ! f\ndation fails1 h[ c ! h\se1 /&8 
,! ,au?or pl$ges himself to ! ,read]1 to
 prove1 t !y e/abli% ?is dilemma        
completely4 ,& he _c help ?9k+1 t !re is
 reason to believe1 t if bo? sides ( ?is
 /rangely neglect$ controv]sy _h be5    
made public 9 times pa/1 & become kn[n1 
t ! consequ5ces w\ld h be5 long ago     
fatal at lea/ to ! ,new ,te/am5t4  ,!   
,au?or has be5 e>ne/ly dissuad$ f mak+  
public ! cont5ts ( ?is volume on acc\nt 
( appreh5d$ mis*iev\s consequ5ces4 ,he  
?\ght1 h[ev]1 t ! age ( pi\s frauds     
ought to be pa/1 & _! pr9ciple disc>d$1 
at lea/ 9 ,prote/ant c\ntries4          
,deception & error are always1 soon] or 
lat]1 discov]$2 & tru? 91 ! long run1   
bo? 9 politics1 & religion1 w nev] be   
ultimately h>mful4 ,if :at ! ,book /ates
 is true1 x ought to be kn[n1 if x is   
errone\s2 x c1 & w1 be refut$4  ,!      
,au?or !re=e makes x public1 = ^!       
reasons1--because he ?9ks1 t ! matt]    

conta9$ 9 ! book1 is true1 &            
important1--because he wi%$1 & f\nd x   
necess>y to ju/ify himself f            
contemptible misrepres5tations utt]$    
beh9d 8 back2 & to give to ^? :o "k him1
 good & suffici5t reasons = pa/ conduct1
 ( :i* ^? to :om he is kn[n1 _c be      
ignorant2 & f9ally1 he ?\ght x "r1 &    
prop]1 & humane1 to give to ! _w a "w   
:i* conta9$ ! reasons = ! unbelief ( !  
c\ntrym5 ( ,jesus2 :o = almo/ eighte5   
hundr$ ye>s h be5 made ! unresi/+       
victims (1 z ! read] w f9d1 gr\ndless   
misrepres5tation1 & ! mo/ amaz+ cruelty2
 because !y refus$ to believe :at x 0   
impossible t !y %\ld believe1 on acc\nt 
( reasons _! p]secutors did n "k1 &     
refus$ to be in=m$ (4  ,if ! argum5ts & 
/atem5ts conta9$ 9 ?is volume %\ld be   
f\nd to be correct1 he believes t e     
hone/ & c&id man1 aft] 8 fir/ surprise t
 !y %\ld n h be5 made kn[n be=e1 w feel 
= ! victims ( a mi/ake s s+ul> & s      
anci5t z ! "o :i* is ! subject ( !      
foll[+ pages2 & w ?9k ) ! au?or1 t x is 

"t1 high "t1 t ! tru? %\ld be kn[n1 &   
ju/ice be done to !m499  ,!re is n 9    
exi/5ce a m s+ul> in/ance ( ! mis*iev\s 
mi/akes aris+ f tak+ ?+s = grant$ :i*   
require pro(1 ?an ! case be=e ! read]4  
,! _w has all along be5 9 total error ) 
reg>d to ! reasons & ! motives :i* h    
prev5t$ ! ,hebrew nation f receiv+ !    
sy/em ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!y h be5      
successfully accus$ ( incorrigible      
bl9dness & ob/9acy2 & :ile volumes ^u   
volumes h be5 writt5 aga9/ !m1 & !      
argum5ts !re9 conta9$1 support$ & en=c$ 
by ! p[] ( ! ,inquisition1 & !          
oppressions ( all ,*ri/5dom1 ^!         
un=tunate p h n be5 will+ly suff]$ to   
(f] to ! _w "o ^w 9 _! own def5ce4 ,!y h
 n be5 all[$1 aft] he>+ ) pati5ce bo?   
argum5ts1 & rail+ accusations 9         
abundance1 to answ] 9 _! turn2 b h be5  
compell$1 ?r\gh ! fe> ( confiscation1   
p]secution1 & dea?1 to leave            
misappreh5sions unexpla9$1 &            
misrepres5tations unrefut$4  ,is x !n to
 be wond]$ at1 t mank9d h consid]$ _!   

adv]s>ies z 9 ! "r1 & t des]t$ by       
reason1 & ev5 _! own ,scriptures1 !y 7  
support$ 9 _! op9ion only by a bl9d &   
p]t9aci\s ob/9acy1 m wor?y ( wond] ?an  
curiosity8 ,alas6 ! _w did n consid]1 t 
no?+ 0 m easy ?an to confute p ^:       
tongues 7 froz5 by ! t]ror ( !          
,inquisition66 ,b1 ?anks to ! good s5se 
( ?is enlight5$ age1 ^? times are pa/ & 
gone4 ,!re is n[ "o happy c\ntry :]e    
fre$om ( spee* is all[$1 :]e e h>mless  
religi\s op9ion is protect$ by law1 &   
:]e e op9ion is li/5$ to t is support$  
by reason4 ,! "t1 ,i tru/1 is n[ come :5
 ! sub/antial argum5ts ( ?is oppress$1  
&1 9 ?is respect1 c]ta9ly calumniat$1 p1
 may be produc$ & _! reasons set =?1 )\t
 ! fe> ( h>m1 & )1 & ) ! hope ( he>+ f !
 intellig5t & ! c&id4 ,!y1 we believe1 w
 be fully conv9c$1 t _! adv]s>ies h = s 
long a "t triumph$ ov] !m )\t measure1  
only because !y h be5 suff]$ to d s )\t 
contradiction4  ,! read] is assur$1 t1  
not)/&+ ! subject1 he w f9d no?+ 9 ?is  
volume b :at is consid]$ by ! au?or to  

be fair & lib]al argum5t2 & su* no hone/
 man ought to decl9e look+ 9 ! face4 ,he
 has endeav\r$ to discuss ! important   
subject ( ! book 9 ! mo/ in(f5sive      
mann]2 = he has no wi%1 & claims no "r1 
to w\nd ! feel+s ( ^? :o diff] f him 9  
op9ion4 ,!re is n1 nor ought !re to be1 
a ^w ( reproa* 9 x1 aga9/ ! moral "* (  
,jesus1 or ! twelve ,apo/les2 & ! utmo/ 
! au?or attempts to prove is1 t _! sy/em
 0 f\nd$1 n ^u fraud & impo/ure1 b ^u a 
mi/ake4 ,aft] ! dea?s ( ,*ri/ & 8       
,apo/les1 x 0 inde$ aid$ & support$ by v
 bad means2 b its fir/ f\nd]s1 ! au?or  
believes1 7 guilty ( no o!r crime ?an t 
( be+ mi/ak52 a v common "o inde$4  ,he 
hopes1 !re=e1 t su* a discussion z ! "o 
n[ laid be=e ! public1 w be fairly met1 
& fairly answ]$1 if answ]$ at all1 & t  
rec\rse w n be _h to di%one/ &          
ung5tlemanly misrepres5tations1 & call+ 
names1 9 ord] to prev5t p f exam9+ ?+s  
!y h a "r to "k1 & 9 ord] to bl9d &     
fright5 ! public1 ! jury to :i* he      
appeals4 ,x is infallibly true1 t ! k ( 

tru? is1 & mu/ be b5eficial to mank9d2 &
 t1 9 ! long run1 x nev] 01 & nev] c be1
 h>mful4 ,x is equally c]ta91 t ,god    
w\ld nev] give a ,revelation s slightly 
f\nd$ z to be endang]$ by any sophi/ry (
 man4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian sy/em be f ,god1 x 
w c]ta9ly /&1 no human p[] c ov]?r[ x2  
&1 !re=e1 no s9c]e ,*ri/ian :o believes 
! ,new ,te/am5t1 ought to be afraid to  
meet half way ! objections ( any "o :o  
(f]s !m ) fairness1 & expresses !m 9    
dec5t language2 & no s5sible ,*ri/ian   
ought to %ut 8 e>s aga9/ 8 neighb\r1 :o 
respectfully asks a reason = ! fai? t is
 9 him4  ,! au?or has be5 told1 inde$1  
t1 suppos+ ! ,*ri/ian sy/em to be       
unf\nd$1 yet t x is reasonable to       
believe1 t ! ,supreme ,be+ w\ld view any
 attempts to di/urb x1 ) displeasure1 on
 acc\nt ( its moral effects4 ,b is n ?is
 some?+ l absurdity8 ,c ,god h made x   
necess>y1 t morals %\ld be f\nd$ on     
delusion1 9 ord] t !y might be support$8
 ,c ! ,god ( ,,tru? be displeas$ to h m5
 conv9c$ t !y h be5 mi/ak51 or impos$   

^u1 by ,revelations pret5d$ to be f     
,him1 :i* if 9 fact n f him1 mu/ be !   
(fspr+ ei!r ( error or falsehood8 ,& if 
! ,*ri/ian sy/em be1 9 tru?1 n f ,god1 c
 we suppose1 t 9 8 eyes its doctr9es )  
reg>d to ,him are aton$ =1 by a few good
 moral precepts8 ,c we suppose1 t t     
,supreme & awful ,be+ c feel ,himself   
hon\r$1 9 hav+ 8 creatures made to      
believe1 t ,he 0 once n9e mon?s 9 ! womb
 ( a woman2 t ,god1 ! ,great & ,holy1   
w5t ?r\gh all ! na/9ess ( infancy2 t be 
liv$ a m5dicant 9 a corn] ( ! e>?1 & 0  
f9ally sc\rg$1 & hang$ on a gibbet by 8 
own creatures8 ,if ^! ?+s be1 9 tru?1   
all mi/akes1 c we suppose1 t ,god is    
pleas$ 9 hav+ !m believ$ ( ,him8 ,on !  
contr>y1 c !y1 toge!r ) ! doctr9e ( !   
,tr9ity1 ,i w\ld respectfully ask1 be   
possibly look$ ^u by ,him 7if !y are n  
true71 o!rwise1 ?an z s _m--:at ,i =be> 
to m5tion4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,! read] is 
reque/$ to consid]1 t ! ,*ri/ian sy/em  
is built ^u ! pro/rate necks ( ! :ole   
,hebrew nation4 ,x is a tree :i* fl\ri%$

 9 a soil wat]$ by _! te>s2 its leaves  
grew gre5 9 an atmosph]e fill$ ) _!     
cries & groans2 & its roots h be5 moi/5$
 & fatt5$ ) _! blood4 ,! ru91 reproa*1 &
 suff]+s ( t p1 are consid]$1 by its    
advocates1 z ! mo/ /rik+ pro( ( ! ,div9e
 au?ority ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & = almo/  
eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ! sy/em conta9$ 9 t 
book has be5 ! cause ( mis]ies &        
afflictions to t nation1 ! mo/ horrible 
& unp>allel$ 9 ! hi/ory ( man4  ,n[1 if 
t sy/em be inde$ ,div9e1 all ?is may be 
v well1 & z x %\ld be4 ,b if1 p]*ance1 x
 %\ld turn out to be a mi/ake if x be1 9
 tru?1 n f ,god2 w n1 !n1 t sy/em be    
ju/ly *>geable ) all ^? %ock+ cruelties 
:i*1 on acc\nt ( x1 h be5 inflict$ on t 
p8  ,if t sy/em be v]ily & inde$ f\nd$  
on a mi/ake1 no language1 no            
indignation1 c d ju/ice to its guilt 9  
?is respect4 ,all its good moral effects
 are a m]e drop ( pure wat] 9 t ocean ( 
,jewi% & ,g5tile blood x has caus$ to be
 %$ by embitt]+ m5's m9ds ) gr\ndless   
prejudices4 ,& if x be n div9e2 if x be 

pla9ly & demon/rably prov$ to h orig9at$
 9 error2 :o is ! man1 t1 aft] consid]+ 
:at has be5 sugge/$1 w h ! he>t to come 
=w>d1 & coolly say1 t x is bett] t a    
:ole nation ( m5 %\ld cont9ue1 z        
h]et(ore1 to be unju/ly hat$1 reproa*$1 
curs$1 & plund]$1 & massacr$1 on acc\nt 
( x1 r ?an t ! receiv$ religi\s sy/em   
%\ld be demon/rat$ to be f\nd$ on       
mi/ake8 ,no6 ,if x be1 9 fact1 f\nd$ on 
mi/ake1 e man ( hon\r1 hone/y1 &        
humanity1 w say1 )\t hesitation1 ,let ! 
delusion 7if x is "o7 be done away1 :i* 
mu/ be support$ at ! exp5se ( tru?1 (   
ju/ice1 & ! happ9ess & respectability ( 
a :ole nation1 :o are m5 l ourselves1 & 
m un=tunate ?an any o!rs1 9 hav+ already
 suff]$ b too mu* affliction & mis]y on 
acc\nt ( x4 ,no6 ?\gh ! moral effects   
ascrib$ to ?is sy/em ( religion 7 z     
good1 z great1 & t5 times great] ?an !y 
ev] h be51 or c be1 yet1 if x is a      
delusion1 x w\ld be absolutely wick$ to 
support x1 s9ce x is erect$ ^u !        
suff]+s1 wret*$ness1 & oppression ( a p 

:o compose millions ( ! great family (  
mank9d4  ,x is rem>kable1 t ! able/     
mod]n advocates = ! tru? & div9e        
au?ority ( ! gospel1 z if !y knew ( no  
c]ta91 demon/rative pro( :i* c\ld be    
adduc$ 9 a case ( s mu* importance1 seem
 to cont5t !mselves1 & expect _! read]s 
%\ld be satisfi$1 ) an accumulation (   
probable argum5ts 9 its fav\r2 & x has  
be5 ev5 said1 t ! case admits ( no o!r  
k9d ( pro(4 ,if x be s1 ! au?or reque/s 
all s p]suad$ to consid]1 = a mom5t1    
:e!r x c\ld be reconcil$ to any ideas ( 
wisdom 9 an e>?ly pot5tate1 if he %\ld  
s5d an ambassador to a =eign /ate to    
m$iate a negotiation ( ! greate/        
importance1 )\t furni%+ him ) c]ta91    
indubitable cr$5tials ( ! tru? &        
au!nticity ( 8 mission8 ,& to consid]   
fur!r1 :e!r x be j or seemly1 to        
attribute to ! ,omnisci5t1 ,omnipot5t   
,deity1 a degree ( weakness & folly1 :i*
 0 nev] yet imput$ to any ( 8 creatures8
 = unless m5 are h>dy en\gh to pass s   
gross an affront ^u ! trem5d\s ,maje/y (

 ,heav51 ! improbability t ,god %\ld    
delegate ! ,m$iator ( a mo/ important   
cov5ant to be propos$ to all mank9d1 )\t
 enabl+ him to give !m cle> &1 9 reason1
 indisputable pro( ( ! div9e au?ority ( 
8 mission1 mu/ ev] inf9itely outweigh ! 
aggregate sum ( all ! probabilities :i* 
c be accumulat$ 9 ! opposite scale ( !  
balance4 ,& to conclude1 ,i presume x w 
n be d5i$1 t ! au!nticity & cele/ial    
orig9 ( any ?+ pret5d+ to be a ,div9e   
,revelation1 be=e x has any claims ^u   
our fai?1 ought to be made cle> beyond  
all reasonable d\bt2 o!rwise1 x c h no j
 claims to a "r to influ5ce our conduct4
  ,& z = ! op9ions & ! argum5ts conta9$ 
9 ?is volume1 ,i h b trembl+ hopes t !y 
w meet ) fav\r1 m]ely because ! au?or is
 s9c]e1 & wi%es to d "r4 ,consci\s t ,i 
make a p]il\s attempt1 9 d>+ to def5d   
myself by attack+ anci5t error support$ 
by multitudes1 ) no o!r seconds besides 
,tru? & ,reason1 x w\ld be bootless = me
 to ask indulg5ce = !m on acc\nt ( my   
good int5tions2 & z !y c d]ive no cr$it 

f ! au?ority ( ! writ]1 ,i am s5sible !y
 mu/ fall by _! own weakness1 or /& by  
_! own /r5g?4 ,i mu/ leave !m1 !re=e1 to
 _! fate2 & ,i c *e]fully d x1 )\t fe> =
 ! issue1 if ! read] w only be c&id1 & w
 comply ) my e>ne/ reque/--fir/ to      
und]/&1 & !n judge4  ,be=e ,i conclude  
^! prefatory rem>ks1 ,i w\ld obs]ve1 t z
 ! cont5ts ( ?is volume w be p]fectly   
novel to n9e hundr$ & n9ety-n9e out ( a 
?\s&1 x is b ju/ice to ! public1 & to   
myself1 to av[1 t ,i d n claim to h     
orig9at$ all ! argum5ts advanc$ 9 ?is   
book4 ,a v consid]able proportion ( !m 7
 select$1 & d]iv$1 f anci5t & curi\s    
,jewi% ,tracts1 translat$ f ,*aldee into
 ,lat91 v little kn[n ev5 9 ,europe1 & n
 at all kn[n !re to any b ! curi\s &    
inquisitive4 ,& ,i reasonably hope1 t   
disc]n+ m5 w be mu* m dispos$ to weigh )
 c&\r ! argum5ts h]e9 (f]$1 :5 !y       
consid] t !y are1 9 _m in/ances1 !      
reason+s ( le>n$1 anci5t & v5]able m51  
:o1 9 times :5 ! inquisition 0 9 vig\r1 
suff]$ "u ! mo/ bloody oppression1 & ^: 

writ+s 7 cauti\sly pres]v$1 & secretly  
h&$ d[n to ! sev5te5? c5tury 9          
manuscript1 z ! pr9t+ ( !m w\ld assur$ly
 h br\ght all conc]n$ to ! /ake4 ,"s few
 o!r argum5ts 7 d]iv$ f o!r au?ors1 & 7 
tak5 f works n s mu* kn[n z ,i hope !y w
 be4  ,f9ally1 ,i commit my "w to !     
discretion ( ! good s5se ( ! read]1     
believ+ t if he is n conv9c$1 he w at   
lea/ be int]e/$2 & hop+ t he w discov] f
 ! complexion ( ! book 7:at my own he>t 
be>s witness to7 t ! au?or is a s9c]e   
inquir] aft] tru?1 & p]fectly will+ to  
be conv9c$ t he is 9 error by any "o :o 
c remove ! difficulties1 & refute !     
argum5ts1 n[ laid by him be=e ! public1 
) def]5ce & respect4  ,septemb] #bh1    
#ahac4    ,,!  ,,evid5ces ,,(           
,,*ri/ianity  ,exam9$ by ,comp>+ !      
,,new ,,te/am5t ,,) ,,! ,,old4          
,,*apt] ,i4  ,introductory1--%[+ t !    
,apo/les & ! au?ors ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1  
endeav\r to prove ,*ri/ianity f ! ,old4 
,*ri/ianity is f\nd$ on ,judaism1 & !   
,new ,te/am5t ^u ! ,old2 & ,jesus (     

,naz>e? is ! p]son said 9 ! ,new        
,te/am5t to be ,promis$ 9 ! ,old1 "u !  
"* & "n ( ! ,messiah ( ! ,jews1 & :o z  
su* only claims ! ob$i5ce1 & submission 
( ! ,_w4 ,accord+ly1 x is ! design ( !  
au?ors ( ! ,new1 to prove ,*ri/ianity f 
! ,old1 ,te/am5t2 :i* is said ,jo4      
#e3ci1 to conta9 ! words ( et]nal life3 
& x repres5ts ,jesus & 8 ,apo/les1 z    
fulfill+ by _! mission1 doctr9es &      
works1 ! pr$ictions ( ! ,prophets & !   
,law3 :i* la/ is said to prophecy (1 or 
to typify ,*ri/ianity4  ,mat!w1 =       
example1 proves sev]al p>ts (           
,*ri/ianity f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ei!r by  
ass]t+ !m to be ?+s =etold !re9 z to    
come to pass "u ! gospel disp5sation2 or
 to be f\nd$ on ! notions ( ! ,old      
,te/am5t4  ,?us he proves ,m>ys be+ )   
*ild by ! ,holy ,_s1 & ! ,angels tell+  
h] %e %all br+ =? a son1 & call 8 "n    
,jesus2 & ! o!r circum/ances att5d+ 8   
miracul\s bir?2 ,jesus bir? at          
,be?lehem2 8 flight into ,egypt2 !      
slaught] ( ! infants2 ,jesus ,dwell+ at 

,naz>e?1 & at ,cap]naum1 9 ! bord]s (   
,zabulon1 & ,naphtali2 8 ca/+ out       
devils1 & heal+ ! sick2 8 eat+ )        
,publicans & s9n]s2 8 speak+ 9 p>ables t
 ! ,jews might n und]/& him2 8 s5d+ 8   
disciples to fet* an ass1 & a colt2 !   
*ildr5s cry+ 9 ! ,temple2 ! resurrection
 ( ,jesus f ! dead2 ,jesus be+ betray$  
by ,judas1 & ,judas return+ back ! ?irty
 pieces ( ,silv]1 & ! ,prie/s buy+ !    
,pott]s ,field ) !m2 & 8 hang+ ,himself2
 c4 c4 ,all ^! ev5ts1 & _m m1 are said  
to be fulfillm5ts ( ! ,prophecies ( !   
,old ,te/am5t1 see ,mat4 #a1 #b3 & #d   
*apt]s1 & *4 #h3 v4 #af1ag1 & *4 #i3    
#aa1ac1 & *4 #ac3 #ac1 *4 #ba3 #b--g4   
#ae1af1 *4 #bb3 #ca1 #cb1 *4 #bf3 #ed1  
#ef1 *4 #bg3 #e--aj4  ,jesus himself is 
repres5t$ z prov+ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity  
?us4 ,he1 jo9+ himself to two ( 8       
,disciples1 7,luke #bh3 #ae-- #bb17 aft]
 8 resurrection1 :o knew him n1 &       
compla9+ ( _! mi/ake ab\t 8 p]son1 :om  
!y n[ took n to be ! ,messiah1 because  
he _h be5 condemn$ to dea?1 & crucifi$2 

he1 obs]v+ _! disbelief ( 8             
resurrection1 :i* _h be5 report$ to !m  
by c]ta9 wom5 ( _! acqua9tance1 ^u !    
cr$it ( ! affirmation ( angels1 said    
unto !m1 ,o ,fools1 & sl[ ( he>t to     
believe all t ! ,prophets h spok54      
,ought n ,*ri/ 7i4e4 ! ,messiah7 to h   
suff]$ ^! ?+s1 & to ent] into 8 ,glory8 
& beg9n+ at ,moses1 & all ! ,prophets1  
he exp\nd$ unto !m 9 all ! ,scriptures !
 ?+s conc]n+ himself4  ,aga9 he disc\rs$
 to all 8 ,disciples1 putt+ !m 9 m9d1 t1
 be=e 8 ,dea?1 he told !m 7,luke #bd3   
#dd1 #df1 #dg17 t all ?+s mu/ be        
fulfill$ :i* 7 writt5 9 ! law ( ,moses1 
& 9 ! ,prophets1 & 9 ! ,psalms conc]n+  
him2 add+1 ?us x is writt51 & ?us x     
behove? ,*ri/ 7#a4 e4 ! ,messiah7 to    
suff]1 & to rise f ! dead ! ?ird day2 & 
t rep5tance1 & remission ( s9s %\ld be  
prea*$ 9 8 "n1 beg9n+ at ,j]usalem4  ,:5
 ! p ( sev]al nations1 ,acts #b3ab1 7   
amaz$ at ! ,apo/les speak+ 9 _! sev]al  
tongues1 & :5 _m mock$ ! ,apo/les1 say+ 
!y 7 full ( new w9e1 ,pet] makes a spee*

 9 public1 :]e91 aft] say+ !y 7 n drunk1
 because x 0 b ! ?ird h\r ( ! day1 he   
endeav\rs to %[ !m1 t ?is 0 spok5 ( by !
 ,prophet ,joel1 & he concludes ) prov+ 
! resurrection ( ,jesus f ! book (      
,psalms4  ,pet]1 & ,john1 tell ! p      
assembl$ at ! ,temple1 t ,god _h %[$ by 
! m\? ( all 8 ,prophets1 t ,*ri/ %\ld   
suff]1 ,acts #c3ah4  ,pet] to ju/ify 8  
prea*+ to ! ,g5tiles1 concludes 8       
disc\rse ) say+1 ,acts #aj3 #dc--,to    
,jesus gave all ! ,prophets witness1 t  
?r\gh 8 "n :osoev] 7i4e4 ,jew1 or       
,g5tile7 believe? 9 him1 %all receive   
remission ( s9s4  ,paul also endeav\rs  
to prove to ! ,jews 9 ! ,synagogue (    
,antio*1 7,ib4 v4 #ac7 t ! hi/ory (     
,jesus 0 conta9$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & t 
he1 & ,b>nabas 7 comm&$ 9 ! ,old        
,te/am5t1 to prea* ! gospel to !        
,g5tiles4  ,on ! occasion ( a dispute   
among ! ,*ri/ians :e!r ! ,g5tile conv]ts
 7 to be circumcis$ aft] ! ,law (       
,moses1 & to obs]ve ! ,law1 we f9d1 t   
aft] mu* disput+1 ! po9t 0 settl$ by    

,james by quotation f ,amos4  ,! ,b]eans
 are highly extoll$ 7,acts #ag3 #aa17 = 
se>*+ ! ,scriptures1 i4e4 ! ,old        
,te/am5t1 daily1 9 ord] to f9d out :e!r 
! ?+s prea*$ to !m by ! ,apo/les 7 s1 or
 no3 :o if !y _h n prov$ ^! ?+s1 i4e4   
,*ri/ianity f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ought1   
accord+ to _! own pr9ciples1 to h be5   
reject$ by ! ,b]eans1 z tea*]s ( false  
doctr9e4  ,paul1 :5 accus$ be=e ,agrippa
 by ! ,jews1 said 7,acts #bf2 #f17 ,i   
/&1 & am judg$ = ! hope ( ! promise made
 ( ,god unto our fa!rs1 i4e4 = tea*+    
,*ri/ianity1 or ! true doctr9e ( ! ,old 
,te/am5t1 & to ?is accusation he pleads 
guilty1 by decl>+ 9 ! fulle/ mann]1 t he
 taught no?+ b ! ,doctr9es ( ! ,old     
,te/am5t4 ,hav+ !re=e 7says he7 obta9$  
help ( ,god1 ,i cont9ue unto ?is day1   
witness+ bo? to small1 & great1 say+ n[ 
o!r ?+s ?an ^? :i* ! ,prophets1 & ,moses
 did say %\ld come1 t ! ,*ri/ %\ld      
suff]1 & t he %\ld be ! fir/ :o %\ld    
rise f ! ,dead1 & %\ld %[ light unto !  
,p1 & unto ! ,g5tiles4  ,! ,au?or ( !   

fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor4 says1 #ae *4 v4 
#d1 t ,jesus rose aga9 f ! dead ! ?ird  
day1 accord+ to ! ,scriptures1 t is1    
accord+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & he is     
suppos$ to gr\nd ?is on ! hi/ory ( !    
prophet ,jonas1 :o 0 ?ree days & ?ree   
nights 9 ! fi%'s belly3 ?\gh ! cases d n
 seem to be p>allel1 = ,jesus be+ buri$ 
on ,friday ev5+1 & ris+ on ,sunday      
morn+1 0 9 ! tomb b "o day & two nights4
  ,b mo/ s+ul> is ! argum5t ( ! ,apo/le 
,paul 79 8 ,epi/le to ! ,galatians7 to  
prove ,*ri/ianity f ! ,old ,te/am5t4    
,tell me 7says he1 ,gal4 #d3 #ba17 ye t 
desire to be "u ! ,law1 d ye n he> !    
,law8 ,= x is writt51 t ,abraham _h two 
,sons1 ! "o by a bondmaid1 ! o!r by a   
free woman4 ,b he :o 0 ( ! bond woman1 0
 born aft] ! fle%2 b he :o 0 ( ! free   
woman 0 by promise4 ,:i* ?+s are an     
,allegory4 ,= ^! are ! two cov5ants1 !  
"o f ,m\nt ,s9ai :i* g5d]e? to bondage1 
:i* is ,ag>4 ,b ?is ,ag> is ,m\nt ,s9ai 
9 ,arabia1 & answ]e? to ,j]usalem t n[  
is1 & is 9 bondage ) h] ,*ildr54 ,b     

,j]usalem :i* is above is free1 :i* is !
 ,"m ( u all4 ,= x is writt5 7,isaiah   
#ed3 #a17 ,rejoice ?\ ,b>r5 t be>e/ n1  
break =?1 & cry ?\ t travaile/ n1 = !   
desolate ha? _m m *ildr5 ?an %e :i* ha? 
an husb&4 ,n[1 we ,bre?r51 z ,isaac 01  
are *ildr5 ( ! ,promise4 ,b z !n he t 0 
born aft] ! fle% p]secut$ him t 0 born  
aft] ! _s1 ev5 s x is n[4 ,b :at sai? ! 
,scripture 7,g54 #ba3 #aj1 #ab17 ,ca/   
out ! bond woman1 & h] son1 = ! son ( ! 
bond woman %all n be heir ) ! son ( !   
free woman4 ,s !n1 ,bre?r51 we are n !  
*ildr5 ( ! bond woman1 b ( ! free4 ,/&  
fa/1 !re=e1 9 ! ,lib]ty :]e) ,*ri/ ha?  
made u free1 & be n entangl$ aga9 ) !   
yoke ( bondage4  ,9 f9e1 ! ,au?or ( ^!  
,epi/les reasons 9 ! same s+ul> mann] f 
! ,old ,te/am5t ?r\gh\t2 :i* is1 accord+
 to him1 7#b ,tim4 iii3 #ae17 able to   
make m5 wise unto ,salvation3 ass]t+    
himself & o!rs to be m9i/]s ( ! ,new    
,te/am5t1 z be+ m9i/]s1 n ( ! lett] b ( 
! ,_s1 7#b;,cor4 iii3 #f47 ,t is4 ,( !  
,old ,te/am5t1 spiritually und]/ood2 &  

endeav\r+ to prove1 especially 9 !      
,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 t ,*ri/ianity 0  
veil$ & conta9$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & 0  
impli$ 9 ! ,jewi% hi/ory1 & ,law1 bo?   
:i* he consid]s z types & %ad[s (       
,*ri/ianity4    ,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,/atem5t
 ( ,,! ,,"q ,,9 ,,dispute4  ,h[         
,*ri/ianity dep5ds on ! ,old ,te/am5t1  
or :at pro(s are to be met ) !re9 9     
behalf ( ,*ri/ianity1 are ! subjects (  
almo/ all ! num]\s books writt5 by      
div9es1 & o!r apologi/s = ,*ri/ianity1 b
 ! *ief & pr9cipal ( ^! pro(s may be    
ju/ly suppos$ to be urg$ 9 ! ,new       
,te/am5t itself1 by ! au?ors !re(2 :o   
relate ! hi/ory ( ! fir/ prea*+ ( !     
,gospel1 & pr(ess !mselves to be apo/les
 ( ,jesus1 or companions ( ! ,apo/les4  
,"s ( ^! pro(s1 z a specim51 h be5      
already adduc$4 ,& if !y are valid      
pro(s1 !n is ,*ri/ianity /rongly &      
inv9cibly e/abli%$3 on its true         
f\ndations4  ,x is e/abli%$ ^u its true 
f\ndations1 because ,jesus & 8 ,apo/les 
did1 z we h se51 gr\nd ,*ri/ianity on ^?

 pro(s2 & x is /rongly & inv9cibly      
e/abli%$ on ^? f\ndations1 because a    
pro( drawn f an inspir$ book is p]fectly
 conclusive4 ,& prophecies deliv]$ 9 an 
inspir$ book are1 :5 fulfill$1 su* z may
 be ju/ly deem$ sure1 & demon/rative    
pro(2 & :i* ,pet] 7#b ,pet] #a3 #ai7    
pref]s z an argum5t = ! tru? (          
,*ri/ianity1 to t miracul\s atte/ation  
7:]e( he1 & two o!r ,apo/les are said to
 h be5 witnesses17 giv5 by ,god himself 
to ! mission ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,8     
argum5t appe>s to be z foll[s4 ,lay+ ?is
 f\ndation1 t ,prophecy proce$s f !     
,holy ,_s1 x is a /rong] argum5t ?an a  
miracle1 :i* dep5ds ^u et]nal evid5ce1 &
 te/imony4 ,& ?is op9ion ( ,pet]s is    
corroborat$ by ! words ( ,jesus himself1
 :o1 9 ,mat4 xxiv3 #bc1 #bd1 ,m>k xiii3 
#ba1 #bb1 affirms1 t miracles wr\ght 9  
confirmation ( a pret5d]s be+ !         
,messiah1 are n to be consid]$ z pro( ( 
8 be+ s--?\gh !y %[ great signs &       
wond]s1 believe x n1 is 8 comm& to 8    
disciples4  ,besides1 prophecies        

fulfill$1 seem ! mo/ prop] ( all        
argum5ts to ev9ce ! tru? ( a new        
revelation :i* is design$ to be         
univ]sally promulgat$ to m54 ,= a man :o
 has ! ,old ,te/am5t put into 8 h&s1 :i*
 conta9 prophecies1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t   
aft]w>d1 :i* is said to conta9 _!       
completions1 & is once satisfi$1 z he   
may be ) ! greate/ ease1 t ! ,old       
,te/am5t exi/$ be=e ! ,new1 may h a     
complete1 int]nal1 div9e1 demon/ration (
 ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 )\t long1 &      
labori\s enquiries4 ,:]eas1 argum5ts (  
ano!r nature1 su*1 = in/ance1 z relate  
to ! au?ority & g5u95ess ( ! books1 & ! 
p]sons1 & *>act]s ( au?ors1 & witnesses1
 require m application1 & und]/&+1 ?an  
falls to ! %>e ( ! bulk ( mank9d2 or    
else are v prec>i\s 9 !mselves1 s9ce we 
"k t 9 ! fir/ c5turies !re 7 numb]less  
=g$ ,gospels1 & ,apocryphal writ+s      
impos$ ^u ! cr$ul\s z apo/olic &        
au!ntic2 & !re 7 9 ! ,apo/les times1 z  
_m1 & z great h]esies & s*isms z p]haps 
h be5 s9ce 9 any age ( ! ,*ur*4 ,s t1   

sett+ aside ! be=e m5tion$ int]nal pro(s
 f prophecy1 7:i* 7 ! ,apo/le's pro(s & 
9 _! nature suffici5t ( !mselves7 we    
%\ld h no c]ta9 pro( at all = !         
,religion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4  ,on ! o!r 
h&1 if ! pro(s = ,*ri/ianity f ! ,old   
,te/am5t1 are n valid1 if ! argum5ts    
f\nd$ on t ,book be n conclusive1 & !   
,prophecies cit$ f !nce be n fulfill$1  
!n has ,*ri/ianity no j f\ndation2 = !  
f\ndation on :i* ,jesus & 8 ,apo/les    
built x is !n invalid1 & false4 ,nor c  
miracles1 said to h be5 wr\ght by       
,jesus1 & 8 ,apo/les 9 behalf (         
,*ri/ianity1 avail any?+ 9 ! case4 ,=   
miracles c nev] r5d] a f\ndation valid1 
:i* is 9 itself invalid2 c nev] make a  
false inf]5ce true2 c nev] make a       
prophecy fulfill$1 :i* is n fulfill$2 & 
c nev] designate a ,messiah1 or ,jesus =
 ! ,messiah1 if bo? are n m>k$ out 9 !  
,old ,te/am5t2 no m ?an !y c\ld prove ! 
e>? to be ! sun1 or a m\se a lion4      
,besides1 miracles said to h be5 wr\ght1
 may be (t5 ju/ly decid$ false reports1 

:5 attribut$ to p]sons :o claim an      
au?ority f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* !y      
imp]t95tly all$ge to support _!         
pret5tions4 ,god c nev] be suppos$ (t5  
to p]mit miracles to be done = !        
confirmation ( a false1 or pret5d$      
mission4 ,& if at any "t he does p]mit  
miracles to be done 9 confirmation ( a  
pret5d$ mission1 we h express directions
 f ! ,old ,te/am5t 7ackn[l$g$ by        
,*ri/ians to be ( div9e au?ority7 ,deut4
 xiii4 #a1 #b1 n to reg>d su* miracles2 
b to cont9ue firm to ! antec$5t         
revelation giv5 by ,himself1 & conta9$ 9
 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 not)/&+ any signs or  
wond]s2 :i*1 "u ! circum/ance ( atte/+  
some?+ contr>y to an antec$5t           
revelation1 we are =ew>n$ ( z be+ no te/
 ( tru?4 ,no new revelation1 h[ev]      
support$ by miracles1 ought ev] to be   
receiv$ z com+ f ,god1 unless x         
confirms1 or at lea/ does n contradict1 
! prec$+ /&+ revelation1 ackn[l$g$ to be
 f ,god4  ,accord+ly1 we f9d f ! ,new   
,te/am5t1 t all ! record$ miracles (    

,jesus c\ld n make ! ,jews believe him  
to be ! ,messiah :5 !y ?\ght t he did n 
answ] ! description ( t "* giv5 by !    
,prophets2 on ! contr>y1 !y procur$ him 
to be crucifi$ = pret5d+ to be :at to !m
 he appe>$ pla9ly n to be4  ,nor _h 8   
miracles alone any effect on 8 own      
bre?r51 & k9dr$1 :o seem 7,m>k vi4 #d2  
,jo4 vii4 #f17 to h be5 m incr$ul\s 9   
him ?an o!r ,jews4 ,nor _h !y ! effect1 
!y are suppos$ to h be5 fitt$ to        
produce1 among 8 imm$iate foll[]s1 &    
,disciples2 "s ( :om did n believe 9    
him1 b des]t$ him1 & p>ticul>ly _h no   
fai? 9 him :5 he spake ( 8 suff]+s2 &   
?\ght t he c\ld n be _! ,messiah :5 !y  
saw him suff]1 not)/&+ 8 miracles1 & 8  
decl>ation to !m t he 0 ! ,messiah4 ,& s
 root$ 7 ! ,jews 9 ! notion ( !         
,messiah's be+ a temporal ,pr9ce1 a     
conqu]+ ,pacificator1 & ,deliv]]1 ev5   
aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus1 & ! progress (    
,*ri/ianity gr\nd$ on ! belief ( 8 be+ !
 ,messiah1 t !y h 9 all times ( di/ress1
 p>ticul>ly 9 ! apo/olic s]a1 9 great   

numb]s foll[$ impo/ors giv+ !mselves out
 z ! ,messiah1 ) =ce1 & arms1 z ! way to
 re/ore ! k+dom ( ,israel4 ,s t ! ,jews1
 :o x seems mi/ook 9 ?is mo/ important  
matt]1 & aft] ! mo/ egregi\s mann]1 !   
mean+ ( _! own ,books1 might1 till !y 7 
set "r 9 _! int]pretation ( ! ,old      
,te/am5t1 & 7 conv9c$ f !nce t ,jesus 0 
! ,messiah1 might ,i say1 z ju/ly reject
 ,jesus ass]t+ 8 mission1 & ,doctr9es ) 
miracles1 z !y might reject any o!r     
p]son1 :o 9 virtue ( miracles w\ld lead 
!m into idolatry1 or any o!r brea* ( _! 
law4  ,9 f9e1 ! miracles said to h be5  
wr\ght by ,jesus1 are1 accord+ to ! ,old
 ,te/am5t1 ! gospel s*eme1 & ! words (  
,jesus himself1 no absolute pro( ( 8 be+
 ! ,messiah1 or ( ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity2 
& ,jesus laid no great /ress ^u !m z    
prov+ doctr9es1 = he =ew>n$ 8 disciples1
 t signs & wond]s w\ld be p]=m$1 s great
 & /up5d\s1 z to deceive1 if possible1 !
 v elect1 & bids !m n to give any he$ to
 !m499    ,,*apt] ,,iii4  ,,!           
,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,! ,,messiah1 ,,z    

,,giv5 ,,by ,,! ,,hebrew ,,prophets4    
,hav+ %ewn f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & prov$ f 
! nature ( ! case1 t ! :ole cr$it &     
au?ority ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 re/s &  
dep5ds ^u ,jesus' be+ ! ,messiah ( !    
,jews2 &1 hav+ /at$ ! pr9ciples :i*     
ought to gov]n ! decision ( ?is "q1 &   
e/abli%$ ! fact1 t ! pret5sions ( any   
claim+ to be consid]$ z ?is ,messiah1   
mu/ be te/$ solely by ! co9cid5ce ( !   
"*1 & circum/ances ( ! pret5d] ) !      
descriptions giv5 by ! prophets z !     
means by :i* he may be kn[n to be s--x  
is prop]1 9 ord] t we may be enabl$ to  
=m a correct op9ion1 to lay be=e ! read]
 ^? passages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :i*      
conta9 ! promise ( ! appe>+1 & express !
 *>act]i/ics ( ?is hope ( ,israel1 ?is  
b5efic5t savi\r1 & augu/ mon>*1 9 ^: "t 
a suff]+ _w1 01 accord+ to ! ,hebrew    
prophets1 to become ! abode ( happy     
be+s4  ,leav+ out = ! pres5t !          
consid]ation ( ! ,%iloh m5tion$ 9 ,g54  
xlix41 ! fir/ prophecy we meet )1       
suppos$ to relate to ?is great "*1 is   

conta9$ 9 ,num4 xxiv4 #ag1ai1 ,!re %all 
come a /> out ( ,jacob1 & a sceptre %all
 rise out ( ,israel1 %all smite ! corn]s
 ( ,moab1 & de/roy ! *ildr5 ( ,se?4     
,g$des int]prets ! latt] clause--%all   
de/roy ! sons ( esdition2 b x probably  
means1 accord+ to ! common              
int]pretation1 t ?is mon>* 0 to gov]n ! 
:ole race ( m51 i4 e4 ! *ildr5 ( ,se?2 =
 ,noah1 accord+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 0   
desc5d$ f him2 & ( ! po/]ity ( ,noah1 0 
! :ole e>? ov]spread4 ,& 9 v]se #ai1 x  
is add$ out ( ,jacob %all come he t %all
 h dom9ion499  ,god says to ,david1 #b  
,sam4 vii4 #ab1 ,& :5 ?y days %all be   
fulfill$1 & ?\ %all sleep ) ?y fa!rs1 ,i
 w set up ?y se$ aft] !e1 :i* %all      
proce$ out ( ?y b[els2 & ,i w e/abli% 8 
k+dom4 ,he %all build a h\se = my "n1 & 
,i w e/abli% ! ?rone ( 8 k+dom = ev]4 ,i
 w be 8 ,fa!r1 & he %all be my ,son--if 
he commit iniquity1 ,i w *a/5 him ) !   
rod ( m51 & ) ! /ripes ( ! *ildr5 ( m54 
,b my m]cy %all n dep>t f him1 z ,i took
 x f ,saul1 :om ,i put away be=e !e4 ,& 

?y h\se1 & ?y k+dom %all be e/abli%$    
be=e me1 & ?y ?rone %all be e/abli%$ =  
ev]4 ,m5tion is made ( ?is promise 9    
sev]al ( ! ,psalms1 b x c]ta9ly sugge/s 
no idea ( su* a p]son z ,jesus (        
,naz>e?1 b only t ( a temporal pr9ce ( !
 po/]ity ( ,david4 ,x implies1 t 8      
family w\ld nev] entirely fail = ?\gh x 
might be sev]ely puni%$1 x w\ld recov]  
its lu/re aga94 ,& connect+ ?is promise 
) t ( ! glory ( ! nation 9 g5]al1 =etold
 9 ! books ( ,moses1 x might be inf]r$  
by ! ,hebrews1 :o believ$ !m to be (    
,div9e au?ority1 t aft] long & great    
calamities 7! consequ5ces ( _! s9s17 ! p
 ( ,israel w\ld be re/or$ to _! c\ntry1 
& atta9 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ felicity "u a    
pr9ce ( ! family ( ,david4 ,?is is !    
subject ( numb]less prophecies ?r\gh\t !
 ,old ,te/am5t4  ,pass+ ov] all ^?      
prophecies 9 :i* ! national glory is    
spok5 ( )\t any m5tion ( a pr9ce or     
head2 ,i %all recite1 & rem>k ^u ! mo/  
em95t ( ^? 9 :i* m5tion is made ( any   
p>ticul> p]son1 "u :om1 or by means (   

:om1 ! ,israeliti% nation1 x is said1   
w\ld enjoy ! transc5d5t prosp]ity       
else:]e =etold4  ,! second ,psalm is no 
d\bt well kn[n to my read]s1 & suppos+ x
 to ref] to ! ,messiah1 x is evid5t1 t x
 describes him en?ron$ ^u m\nt ,zion1 ! 
favorite ( ,god1 & ! resi/less conqu]or 
( 8 enemies4  ,! next prophecy ( ?is    
di/+ui%$ individual is record$ 9 ,isaiah
 ix4 #f--,unto u a *ild is born1 unto u 
a son is giv51 & ! gov]nm5t %all be ^u 8
 %\ld]2 & ! ,wond]ful1 ! ,c\nsellor1 !  
mighty ,god1 ! ev]la/+ ,fa!r %all call 8
 "n99 ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace4 ,= ?us x is    
po9t$ to be read 9 ! orig9al ,hebrew1 & 
?is is ! mean+ ( ! passage1 & n z 9 !   
absurd translation ( ?is v]se 9 !       
,engli% v]sion4 ,( ! increase ( 8       
gov]nm5t !re %all be no end ^u ! ?rone (
 ,david1 & 8 k+dom1 to ord] x1 & to     
e/abli% x ) judgm5t1 & ) ju/ice f h5ce=?
 & = ev]3 ! zeal ( ! ,"l ( ,ho/s w d    
?is4 ,"h aga9 we h a mighty mon>*1 sitt+
 ^u ! ?rone ( ,david1 ^u e>?2 & n a     
spiritual k+ plac$ 9 heav51 ^u ! ?rone (

 ! mighty ,god1 ! ev]la/+ ,fa!r4  ,!    
next passage :i* comes "u notice1 is 9 !
 elev5? *apt] ( ,isaiah1 9 :i* a p]son  
is m5tion$1 "u :om ,israel1 & ! :ole e>?
 0 to enjoy great prosp]ity & felicity4 
,he is describ$ z an upright pr9ce1     
endu$ ) ! _s ( ,god1 "u ^: reign !re    
w\ld be univ]sal peace1 :i* 0 to take   
place aft] ! return ( ! ,israelites f _!
 disp]s$ /ate1 :5 ! :ole nation w\ld be 
unit$ & happy4  ,!re %all spr+ =? a rod 
f ! trunk ( ,jesse1 & a scion f 8 roots 
%all become fruitful4 ,& ! _s ( ! ,"l   
%all re/ ^u him2 ! _s ( wisdom1 &       
und]/&+2 ! _s ( c\nsel1 & /r5g?2 ! _s ( 
k1 & ! fe> ( ! ,"l4 ,& he %all be quick 
( disc]nm5t 9 ! fe> ( ! ,"l2 s t n      
accord+ to ! sight ( 8 eyes %all he     
judge1 nor accord+ to ! he>+ ( ! e>s    
%all he reprove4 ,) righte\sness %all he
 judge ! poor1 & ) equity %all he "w    
conviction on ! meek ( ! e>?4 ,& he %all
 smite ! e>? ) ! bla/ ( 8 m\?2 & ) !    
brea? ( 8 lips %all he slay ! wick$ "o4 
,& righte\sness %all be ! girdle ( 8    

lions1 & fai?fulness ! c9cture ( 8 re9s4
 ,!n %all ! wolf take up 8 abode ) !    
lamb2 & ! leop>d %all lie d[n ) ! kid2 &
 ! calf1 & ! "y lion1 & ! fatl+ %all    
come toge!r1 & a little *ild %all lead  
!m4 ,& ! heif]1 & ! %e be> %all fe$     
toge!r1 & ! lion %all eat /raw l ! ox4  
,& ! suckl+ %all play ^u ! hole ( ! asp2
 & ^u ! d5 ( ! basilisk %all ! new wean$
 *ild lay 8 h&4 ,!y %all n hurt1 nor    
de/roy 9 my holy m\nta91 = ! e>? %all be
 full ( ! k ( ! ,"l z ! wat]s cov] !    
sea4 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 !  
root ( ,jesse :i* /&e? = an ensign to ! 
p1 unto him %all ! nations repair1 & 8  
re/+ place %all be glori\s4  ,z ! scion 
"h spok5 ( is said to spr+ f ! root (   
,jesse1 x looks z if x 7 int5d$ to      
intimate1 t ! tree itself w\ld be cut   
d[n1 or t ! p[] ( ,david's ,family w\ld 
be = "s "t ext9ct2 b t x w\ld revive 9 !
 latt] days4  ,! same ,pr9ce is aga9    
m5tion$1 *ap xxxiii4 #a1 #c1 :]e ! p are
 describ$ to be bo? virtu\s1 & fl\ri%+1 
& to cont9ue to be s4 7v4 #ae--ag47     

,behold a k+ %all reign 9 righte\sness1 
& pr9ces %all rule ) equity4 ,& ! man   
%all be a cov]t f ! /orm1 z a refuge f !
 flood1 z canals ( wat]s 9 a dry place1 
z ! %ad[ ( a great rock 9 a l& ( fa9t+ )
 heat4 ,& him ! eyes ( ^? t see %all    
reg>d1 & ! e>s ( !m t he> %all h>k51 99 
99 99 99 till ! _s f on high be p\r$ out
 ^u u1 & ! wild]ness become a fruitful  
field1 & ! fruitful field be e/eem$ a   
=e/4 ,& judgm5t %all dwell 9 !          
wild]ness1 & 9 ! fruitful field %all    
reside righte\sness4 ,& ! "w (          
righte\sness %all be peace1 & ! effect (
 righte\sness p]petual quiet1 &         
security4 ,& my p %all dwell 9 a        
peaceful mansion1 & 9 habitations       
secure1 & 9 re/+ places undi/urb$4  ,!  
same ,prophet1 *ap4 lxii #a1 speaks ( a 
p]son "u ! title ( ,gods ,s]vant1 ( a   
meek disposition1 rais$ up by ,god to   
enlight5 ! _w1 ev5 ! ,g5tile "p ( x2 to 
br+ prison]s out ( _! conf9em5t1 & to   
op5 _! eyes2 allud+1 probably1 to !     
cu/om too common 9 ! ,ea/2 ( seal+ up ! 

eyes1 by sew+ or fa/5+ toge!r ! eyelids 
( p]sons1 & !n imprison+ ?orn = life4 ,x
 is d\bt$1 h[ev]1 :e!r ! ,prophet meant1
 or _h 9 view1 9 ?is passage1 !         
,messiah1 or 8 own nation4  ,behold my  
s]vant :om ,i w uphold1 m9e elect 9 :om 
my s\l delighte?2 ,i w make my _s re/ ^u
 him1 & he %all publi% judgm5t to !     
nations4 ,he %all n cry al\d1 nor raise 
a clam\r1 nor cause 8 voice to be he>d 9
 ! public places4 ,! bruis$ re$ %all he 
n break1 & ! dimly burn+ flax he %all n 
qu5*1 he %all publi% judgm5t s z to     
e/abli% x p]fectly4 ,8 =ce %all n be    
abat$1 nor brok51 until he has firmly   
seat$ judgm5t 9 ! e>?1 & ! di/ant       
nations %all e>ne/ly wait = 8 ,law4     
,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ev51 ! ,et]nal1 :o     
creat$ ! heav5s1 & /ret*$ !m out2 :o    
spread abroad ! e>?1 & ! produce !re(1  
:o give? brea? to ! p ^u x1 & _s to !m t
 tread !reon4 ,i ! ,"l h call$ !e = a   
righte\s purpose199 & ,i w take hold (  
?y h&1 & ,i w pres]ve !e2 & ,i w give !e
 = a cov5ant to ! p1 = a light to !     

nations2 to op5 ! eyes ( ! bl9d1 to br+ 
! captive out ( conf9em5t1 & f ! dungeon
 ^? t dwell 9 d>kness4 ,i am ! ,et]nal1 
t is my "n1 & my glory w ,i n give to   
ano!r1 nor my praise to ! grav5 images4 
,! =m] pr$ictions1 lo6 !y are to come to
 pass1 & n[ ev5ts ,i n[ decl>e2 be=e !y 
spr+ =?1 behold ,i make !m kn[n unto y4 
,see also *ap4 xlix4 #a1ab1 & *ap4 liv4 
#c1 #e4  ,9 ! #c;d *apt] ( ,hosea1 v]ses
 #d & #e1 x is said by ! ,prophet1 t !  
sons ( ,israel %all abide _m days )\t a 
k+1 & )\t a pr9ce1 & )\t sacrifice1 &   
)\t a /atue1 & )\t an ephod1 & )\t      
,t]aphim4 ,aft]w>d %all ! sons ( ,israel
 return1 & %all seek ! ,"l _! ,god1 &   
,,david _! ,k+1 & %all fe> ! ,"l1 & 8   
goodness 9 ! latt] days4  ,micah *ap4 v4
 speaks ( ! ,messiah ?us1 ,& ?\         
,be?lehem ,ephratah1 art ?\ too little  
to be among ! lead]s ( ,judah8 ,out ( !e
 %all come =? unto me1 him :o is to be  
rul] 9 ,israel2 & 8 go+s =? h be5 f old1
 f ! days ( hidd5 ages4 ,!re=e w ,he    
7,god7 deliv] !m up1 until ! "t :5 %e t 

br+e? =?1 ha? br\ght =?1 & until !      
residue ( 8 bre?r5 %all return toge!r ) 
! sons ( ,israel4 ,&4 he %all /& & fe$ 8
 flock1 9 ! /r5g? ( ! ,"l1 9 ! maje/y ( 
! "n ( ! ,"l 8 ,god1 & !y %all abide1 = 
n[ %all he be great unto ! ends ( ! e>?1
 & he %all be ,peace4 ,j]emiah also     
speaks ( ! re/oration ( ! ,israelites "u
 a ,pr9ce ( ! family ( ,david1 *ap4     
xxiii4 #e1 #h4  ,behold ! days are com+1
 sai? ! ,"l1 t ,i w raise up unto ,david
 a righte\s bran*1 & a k+ %all reign1 & 
act wisely1 & %all execute ju/ice1 &    
judgm5t 9 ! e>?4 ,9 8 days ,judah %all  
be sav$1 & ,israel %all dwell 9         
security1 & ?is is ! "n by :i* ! ,et]nal
 %all call him1 ,,our ,,righte\sness4   
,heb4 ,! same is m5tion$ 9 *ap4 xxx4 #h1
 #i4 ,& x %all be 9 t day1 sai? ! ,"l ( 
,ho/s1 ,i w break 8 yoke f (f 8 neck1 & 
8 b&s w ,i bur/ asund]1 & /rang]s %all  
no m exact s]vice ( him4 ,b !y %all s]ve
 ! ,"l _! ,god1 & ,,david _! ,k+1 :om ,i
 w raise up = 7or to7 !m4 99 99 99 ,!   
voice ( joy1 & ! voice ( mir?1 ! voice (

 ! bridegroom1 & ! voice ( ! bride1 !   
voice ( !m t say4 ,praise ye ! ,"l (    
,ho/s1 = ! ,"l is graci\s1 = 8 m]cy     
endure? = ev]1 ( !m t br+ praise to !   
h\se ( ! ,"l4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ( ,ho/s1  
yet aga9 %all !re be 9 ?is place t is   
desolate 7,j]usalem & ,pale/9e17 )\t man
 & bea/1 & 9 all ! cities !re(1 an      
habitation ( %eph]ds fold+ %eep1 9 !    
cities ( ! hill c\ntry1 & 9 ! cities ( !
 pla91 & 9 ! cities ( ! s\?1 & 9 ! l& ( 
,b5jam91 & 9 ! environs ( ,j]usalem4 99 
99 99 ,behold ! days come1 sai? ! ,"l1 t
 ,i w p]=m ! good ?+ :i* ,i h spok5     
conc]n+ ! h\se ( ,israel1 & conc]n+ !   
h\se ( ,judah4 ,9 ^? days1 & at t "t1 he
 t reade?1 let him obs]ve ,i w came to  
gr[ up ( ! l9e ( ,david a bran* (       
righte\sness1 & he %all execute judgm5t 
& ju/ice 9 ! e>?4 ,9 ^? days ,judah %all
 be sav$1 & ,j]usalem1 %all dwell       
securely1 & ?is is he :om ! ,"l %all    
call--,,our ,,righte\sness4 ,heb4       
,surely1 ?us sai? ! ,"l1 !re %all n be a
 failure 9 ! l9e ( ,david1 "o to sit ^u 

! ?rone ( ! h\se ( ,israel1 nei!r %all  
!re be a failure 9 ! l9e ( ! ,prie/s1 ! 
,levites1 ( "o to (f] be=e me burnt     
(f]+s1 & to p]=m sacrifice cont9ually4  
,see *4 xxxiiii4 #ad4 ,9 ?is place1 !   
p]petuity ( ! tribe ( ,levi1 z well z t 
( ! h\se ( ,david1 is =etold4 ,see also 
,j]4 *4 xxx4 #i4  ,contempor>y )        
,j]emiah 0 ,ezekiel4 ,he likewise       
describes ?is happy /ate ( ! ,israelites
 "u a k+ ( ! "n ( ,david1 *ap4 xxxiv4   
#bb4  ,!re=e w ,i save my flock1 & !y   
%all no m be a prey3 & ,i w judge betwe5
 cattle1 & cattle4 ,& ,i w set up "o    
,%eph]d ov] !m1 & be %all fe$ !m1 ev5 my
 s]vant ,,david3 he %all fe$ !m1 & he   
%all be _! %eph]d1 & ,i ! ,"l w be _!   
,god1 & my s]vant ,,david a ,pr9ce among
 !m4 ,i ! ,"l h spok5 x4 ,& ,i w make ) 
!m a cov5ant ( peace1 & w cause ! evil  
bea/s to cease out ( ! l&2 & !y %all    
dwell safely 9' ! wild]ness1 & sleep 9 !
 woods4 ,& ,i w make !m1 & ! places r\nd
 ab\t my hill1 a bless+1 & ,i w cause ! 
%[] to come d[n 9 ! season3 !re %all be 

%[]s ( bless+4 ,& ! tree ( ! field %all 
yield h] fruit2 & ! e>? %all yield h]   
increase2 & !y %all be safe 9 _! l&2 &  
%all "k t ,i am ! ,"l1 c4  ,9 ano!r     
passage ?is prophet says1 t ! two       
nations1 ,israel & ,judah1 %all h "o k+1
 & t ?is k+ %all be nam$ ,,david1 :o    
%all reign = ev]1 *ap4 xxxvii4 #ba--bh4 
,say unto !m1 ?us sai? ! ,"l ,god1      
behold ,i w take ! *ildr5 ( ,israel f   
among ! hea!n1 :i!r !y be gone1 & w ga!r
 !m on e side1 & br+ !m into _! own l&4 
,& ,i w make !m "o nation 9 ! l&1 ^u !  
m\nta9s ( ,israel1 & "o k+ %all be k+ to
 !m all1 & !y %all be no m two nations1 
nei!r %all !y be divid$ into two k+doms 
any m at all4 ,nei!r %all !y defile     
!mselves any m ) _! idols1 nor ) _!     
dete/able ?+s1 nor ) any ( _!           
transgressions2 b ,i w save !m out ( all
 _! dwell+ places :]e9 !y h s9n$1 & w   
cleanse !m1 s %all !y be my p1 & ,i w be
 _! ,god4 ,& ,,david my s]vant %all be  
k+ ov] !m1 & !re %all be "o %eph]d4 ,!y 
%all also walk 9 my judgm5ts1 & obs]ve  

my /atutes & d !m4 ,& !y %all dwell 9 ! 
l& t ,i h giv5 unto ,jacob my s]vant1   
:]e9 y\r fa!rs h dwelt1 & !y %all dwell 
!re91 ev5 !y1 & _! *ildr51 & _! *ildr5s 
*ildr5 = ev]1 & my s]vant ,,david %all  
be _! pr9ce =ev]4 ,moreov] ,i w make a  
cov5ant ( peace ) !m3 x %all be an      
ev]la/+ cov5ant ) !m1 & ,i w place !m1 &
 multiply !m1 & w set my sanctu>y 9 !   
mid/ ( !m1 = ev]more4 ,my tab]nacle also
 %all be ) !m1 & ,i w be _! ,god1 & !y  
%all be my p4 ,& ! hea!n %all "k1 t ,i !
 ,"l d sanctify ,israel1 :5 my sanctu>y 
%all1 be 9 ! mid/ ( !m = ev]more4  ,!   
natural con/ruction ( ?is seems to be   
?is1 t a desc5dant ( ,david1 call$ by t 
"n1 %\ld reign ov] ! ,israelites = ev]4 
,9 ! v circum/antial description :i*    
,ezekiel gives ( ! /ate ( ! ,israelites 
9 _! own c\ntry1 yet expect$ by ! ,jews1
 he speaks ( ! pr9ce1 & ! portion       
assign$ him1 *ap4 xlv4 #gh4 ,& 9 8      
description ( ! temple s]vice1 he       
moreov] speaks ( ! gate1 by :i* ! pr9ce 
is to ent] into x4 ,see *ap4 xlvi4 #a1  

#b4  ,! next1 & la/1 passage ,i %all    
quote1 is f ! book ( ,daniel1 :o1 9 !   
fir/ ye> ( ,bel%azz> k+ ( ,babylon1 _h a
 vision ( f\r bea/s1 repres5t+ ! f\r    
great ,empires4 ,at ! close ( 8 acc\nt (
 :i*1 he speaks ( "o l ! son ( man be+  
br\ght into ! pres5ce ( ,god1 & receiv+ 
f ! ,et]nal an ev]la/+ k+dom 7*ap4 vii4 
#ac7--;,i saw 9 ! night visions1 &      
behold "o l ! son ( man came ) ! cl\ds (
 heav51 & come to ! anci5t ( days2 & !y 
br\ght him ne> be=e him4 ,& !re 0 giv5  
him dom9ion1 & glory1 & a k+dom1 t all  
p1 nations1 & languages1 %\ld s]ve him3 
8 dom9ion is an ev]la/+ dom9ion1 :i*    
%all n pass away1 & 8 k+dom t :i* %all n
 be de/roy$4  ,i h n[ gone ?r\gh !      
prophecies :i* are all[$ bo? by ,jews & 
,*ri/ians to relate to "o p]son :om !y  
call ! ,messiah4 ,x mu/ be evid5t f all 
^! passages1 t ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is1 to  
bo? p>ties1 highly int]e/+ p]sonage1 z  
describ$ by ! ,hebrew prophets1 are     
^!3--  #a4 ,t he 0 to be a j1 b5efic5t1 
wise1 & mighty mon>*1 rais$ up & upheld1

 & e/abli%$ by ,god1 to be ! means (    
promot+ univ]sal peace1 & happ9ess4 ,t  
,israel %\ld be ga!r$ to him1 & e/abli%$
 9 _! own l&2 :i* 0 to be ! seat (      
dom9ion1 & ! c5tre ( union1 & ( wor%ip  
to all ! p1 & nations ( ! e>?2 :o 7 to  
live "u ! gov]nm5t1 & receive1 & obey ! 
law ( ?is b5efic5t pr9ce2 & enjoy       
unspeakable felicities on ! e>?1 !n     
*ang$ to a univ]sal p>adise4 ,& = all   
?is happ9ess1 !y 7 to wor%ip1 & glorify 
! true ,god only1 & glorify ! ,et]nal1 &
 give ?anks to ,him because ,he is good1
 & 8 m]cy endure? =ev]4  #b4 ,t ?is     
pr9ce 0 to be ( ! l9e ( ,david1 & z x   
%\ld seem1 call$ by t "n1 & 0 to reign  
on 8 ?rone 9 ,j]usalem4  #c4 ,t accord+ 
to ,micah1 ,j]emiah1 & ,ezekiel1 7see ! 
quotations7  8 manife/ation1 & 7& !     
re/oration ( ,israel7 7 to be           
contemporane\s4 ,see ,hosea1 *ap4 iii4  
#d1 #e4 ,& f ,j]emiah xxxiii4 #ae1 & f  
,micah v4 #b1 x %\ld seem also1 t he 0 n
 to be born1 till ! "t ( t re/oration   
%\ld be ne>ly arriv$4  ,! prophecies    

conc]n+ ! ,messiah ( ! ,jews be+ n[ laid
 be=e ! read]1 we h only to apply ^!    
descriptions to "k :e!r an individual be
 _! ,messiah1 or n4 ,=1 7accord+ to !   
pr9ciples laid d[n1 & e/abli%$ 9 !      
prec$+ *apt]7 :]e ! =ego+ *>act]i/ics   
giv5 by ! prophets d c5tre & agree1 t   
p]son is ! ,messiah =etold2 b :]e !y are
 n f\nd 9 any "o claim+ t "*1 miracles  
are no?+ to ! purpose1 & no?+ is m      
c]ta91 ?an t he has no "r to be consid]$
 z su*2 & c\ld he ) a ^w turn ! sun     
black 9 ! face1 9 pro( ( 8 be+ !        
,messiah1 he is1 nev]!less1 n to be     
reg>d$2 =1 :e!r su* a p]son has yet     
appe>$1 c c]ta9ly only be kn[n by       
consid]+1 :e!r ! _w has ev] yet se5 su* 
a p]son z ?is ,messiah ( ! ,hebrew      
prophets4    ,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,,! ,,"* ,,(
 ,,jesus ,,te/$ ,,by ,,^? ,,*>act]i/ic  
,,m>ks ,,( ,,! ,,messiah ,,giv5 ,,by ,,!
 ,,prophets ,,( ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t4    
,_h ,jesus ( ,naz>e? come into ! _w     
m]ely z a p]son s5t ) a revelation f    
,god1 he w\ld h _h a "r to be att5d$ to1

 & tri$ ^u t gr\nd4 ,& if 8 doctr9es &  
precepts 7 consi/5t ) reason1 consi/5t )
 "o ano!r1 & ) prior revelations1 really
 su*1 & all t5d+ to ! hon\r ( ,god1 & ! 
good ( m52 8 miracles1 ) ^!             
circum/ances1 ought to h det]m9$ m5 to  
believe 9 him4  ,b s9ce he claim$ to be 
! ,messiah ( ! ,jews1 =etold by _!      
prophets1 x is requisite1 t t claim %\ld
 be made out2 & x is reasonable 9       
itself1 & j to him1 & necess>y to all ^?
 :o w n take _! religion ^u tru/1 t ho  
%\ld be tri$1 by exam9+ :e!r ?is claim c
 be made out1 or n4 ,! argum5t f        
prophecy becomes necess>y to e/abli% !  
claim ( ! ,gospel3 & z tru? is consi/5t 
) itself1 s ?is claim mu/ be true1 or1 x
 de/roys all o!rs4  ,besides1 :at       
notions ( common morality mu/ he h1 :o  
pret5ds to come f ,god1 & decl>es 7,jo4 
v4 #cg17 t ! ,scriptures te/ify ( him1  
if1 9 fact1 ! ,scriptures d n te/ify (  
him8 ,:at hone/y1 or s9c]ity c\ld he h1 
:o c\ld beg9 at ,moses1 & all !         
prophets1 & exp\nd unto 8 disciples 9   

all ! ,scriptures ! ?+s conc]n+ himself1
 if nei!r ,moses nor ! prophets ev]     
spake a ^w ab\t him8 ,! prophets1 !re=e1
 mu/ decide ?is "q1 & ! f\ndation (     
,*ri/ianity mu/ be laid ^u !m2 or else1 
to avoid "o difficulty1 ,*ri/ians w be  
=c$ into su* absurdities1 z no man c    
palliate1 mu* less c extricate himself  
out (4  ,fur!rmore1 ?is claim mu/ be    
made out to ! satisfaction ( ! ,g5tile1 
z well z ! ,jew4 ,= s9ce ! fundam5tal   
article ( ,*ri/ianity is1 t ,jesus is ! 
,*ri/2 7,jo4 xx4 #ca7 t is to say1 t he 
is ! ,messiah propheci$ ( 9 ! ,old      
,te/am5t2 :oev] comes into ! _w z su*1  
mu/ come z ! ,messiah ( ! ,jews1 because
 no o!r nation did expect1 or pret5d to1
 ! promise ( a ,messiah4 ,moreov]1 :oev]
 comes z ?is ,messiah ( ! ,jews1 mu/ at 
lea/ pret5d to answ] ! "* ( _! ,messiah 
pla9ly deliv]$ 9 ! writ+s ( _! prophets4
 ,& ! ,jews !mselves receiv+ ^? writ+s z
 div9e1 7 n b\nd to1 nei!r c\ld !y      
consi/5tly ) _! duty1 receive1 any1 :o  
did n answ] 9 all po9ts to ! description

 !re9 giv54  ,let u n[ te/ ! "* ( ,jesus
 ( ,naz>e? by ! description ( ! ,messiah
 giv5 by ! ,hebrew prophets4 ,if 8 "*   
corresponds 9 all respects ) t giv5 by  
^? prophets1 he is und\bt$ly to be      
ackn[l$g$ z ! k+ ( ,israel =etold2 b if 
!y d n exactly correspond1 if !re be !  
slighte/ incongruity1 he c]ta9ly 0 n ?is
 ,messiah4 ,= x is evid5t1 t "s ( !     
*>act]i/ic m>ks giv5 may belong to4 _m  
illu/ri\s individuals1 b ! :ole c belong
 to1 & be f\nd 91 only "o p]son4  ,!    
fir/ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,messiah1 ! read] w 
recollect1 01 accord+ to ! prophets1 t  
he 0 to be ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace1 9 ^: times
 righte\sness 0 to fl\ri%1 & mank9d be  
made happy4 ,t he 0 to sit ^u ! ?rone ( 
,david judg+ "r2 & t to him1 & _! own   
l&1 0 ,israel to be ga!r$1 & all nations
 s]ve & obey him2 & wor%ip "o ,god1 ev5 
,jehovah4  ,b ( ,jesus we read1 t he    
ass]t$1 t 8 k+dom 0 n ( ?is _w4 ,in/ead 
( effect+ peace among ! nations1 he     
said1 ,?9k n t ,i am come to s5d peace  
on e>?1 ,i h come to s5d a sword1 ,i h  

come to put division betwe5 a son1 & 8  
fa!r2 ! "m1 & ! daught]2 !              
daught]-9-law1 & h] "m-9-law4 ,?9k ye1  
7said he to 8 disciples7 t ,i h come to 
put peace on e>?1 ,i tell y nay1 b r    
division4 ,aga91 ,i h come to put fire  
on ! e>?4 ,^! are n ! *>act]i/ics ( !   
,messiah ( ! prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4
 ,= ( him ,ze*>iah 7*4 ix47 says1 t ,he 
%all speak peace to ! nations2 & ( him  
,isaiah says1 ,nation %all n lift up    
sword aga9/ nation1 nei!r %all !y le>n  
w> anymore4 ,& s f> f be+ ! au?or (     
division1 sword1 & fire2 accord+ to     
,mala*i1 9 ! times ( ! ,messiah1 ! he>t 
( ! p>5ts 0 to be conv]t$ to ! *ildr51 &
 ! he>t ( ! *ildr5 to _! p>5ts4  ,9 !   
times ( ! ,messiah1 w>s 7 to cease1     
righte\sness 0 to fl\ri%1 & mank9d be   
happy4 ,:e!r ?is has yet tak5 place1 !  
exp]i5ce ( almo/ n9ete5 c5turies1 & !   
pres5t /ate ( ! _w1 c enable e "o to    
det]m9e = himself4  ,9 ! times ( !      
,messiah1 ,israel 0 to be ga!r$1 &      
plant$ 9 _! own l&1 9 hon\r1 &          

prosp]ity4 ,b n _m ye>s aft] ! dea? (   
,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ! ,jewi% nation       
und]w5t ! mo/ dreadful calamities2 & to 
?is day1 s f> are !y f be+ ga!r$1 !y are
 scatt]$ to ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! globe4     
,in/ead ( be+ 9 hon\r & prosp]ity1 _!   
hi/ory1 s9ce 8 "t1 is "o dreadful record
 ( unp>allel$ suff]+s1 writt5 9 lett]s (
 blood by ! h&s ( murd]1 rap9e1 &       
cruelty4  ,aga92 ! true ,messiah 01 x   
seems1 to be call$ ,,david1 & 0 to reign
 at ,j]usalem1 on ! ?rone ( ,david2 b ! 
"n ,jesus is n ! same z ,david1 &       
,*ri/ians h assign$ him a spiritual     
k+dom1 & a ?rone 9 heav56 ,b 0 ! ?rone (
 ,david 9 heav58 ,no6 x 0 9 ,j]usalem1 &
 no m 9 ,heav51 ?an t ( ! ,caes>s4      
,la/ly1 x appe>s f ! prophecies (       
,hosea1 ,micah1 & ,j]emiah1 ,isaiah1 &  
,ezekiel1 quot$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 t !      
manife/ation ( _! ,messiah 0 to be      
contemporane\s ) ! re/oration ( ,israel1
 & f ! quotations adduc$ f ! ?ree fir/  
m5tion$ prophets1 x %\ld seem t 8 bir? 0
 n to take place _m ye>s be=e t glori\s 

ev5t4 ,b ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 born almo/  
two ?\s& ye>s ago2 & ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 
yet expect a deliv]]4 ,& to conclude1 x 
0 =etold by ,mala*i1 & believ$ by !     
,jews !n1 & ev] s9ce1 t ,elias !        
prophet1 :o did n die1 b 0 remov$ f !   
e>?1 %\ld prec$e ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 & 
prep>e !m = 8 reception4 ,b ! prophet   
,elias c]ta9ly has n yet appe>$6        
,inde$1 no?+ appe>s to be m dissimil>   
?an ! "* ( ! ,messiah1 z giv5 by !      
,hebrew prophets1 & t ( ,jesus (        
,naz>e?4 ,x seems sc>cely cr$ible1 t a  
man :o1 ?\gh amiable & virtu\s1 yet liv$
 9 a l[ /ate1 0 poor1 liv+ ^u alms1 )\t 
weal?1 & )\t p[]2 & :o 7?\gh by         
mis=tune7 di$ ! dea? ( a malefactor1    
crucifi$ betwe5 two robb]s1 7a dea?     
exactly p>allel ) be+ hang$ at ! public 
gall[s 9 ! pres5t day7 %\ld ev] be tak5 
= t mighty pr9ce1 t univ]sal pot5tate1 &
 b5efactor ( ! human race1 =etold 9 !   
spl5did language ( ! prophets ( ! ,old  
,te/am5t4    ,,*apt] ,v4  ,,exam9ation  
,,( ,,! ,,argum5ts ,,f ,,! ,,old        

,,te/am5t ,,adduc$ ,,9 ,,! ,,new1 ,,to  
,,prove ,,t ,,jesus ,,( ,,naz>e? ,,0 ,,!
 ,,messiah4  ,b s9ce "o w\ld e/eem x    
almo/ incr$ible1 t ! apo/les c\ld       
p]suade m5 to believe ,jesus to be ?is  
,messiah1 unless !y _h at lea/ "s pro(  
to (f] to _! conviction1 let u next     
consid]1 & exam9e1 ! pro(s adduc$ by !  
apo/les & _! foll[]s1 f ! ,old ,te/am5t 
= t purpose4  ,( ! /r5g? or weakness ( !
 pro(s = ,*ri/ianity out ( ! ,old       
,te/am5t1 we are well qualifi$ to judge1
 z we h ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t 9 our    
h&s2 ! fir/ conta9+ :at are (f]$ z pro(s
 ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! latt] ! application 
( ^? pro(s1 & we %\ld seem to h no?+ m  
to d1 b to comp>e ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t
 toge!r4  ,b ^! pro(s tak5 out ( ! ,old 
,te/am5t1 & urg$ 9 ! ,new1 be+ sometimes
 n to be f\nd 9 ! ,old1 nor urg$ 9 !    
,new1 accord+ to ! lit]al & obvi\s s5se1
 :i* !y appe> to be> 9 _! suppos$ places
 9 ! ,old1 &1 !re=e1 n pro(s accord+ to 
! rules ( int]pretation e/abli%$ by     
reason1 & act$ ^u 9 int]pret+ e o!r     

anci5t book-- almo/ all ,*ri/ian        
comm5tators on ! ,bible1 & advocates = !
 religion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 bo? anci5t 
& mod]n1 h judg$ !m to be appli$ 9 a    
second>y1 or typical1 or my/ical1 or    
allegorical1 or enigmatical s5se2 t is1 
9 a s5se diff]5t f ! obvi\s & lit]al    
s5se :i* !y be> 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4      
,?us1 = example1 ,mat!w1 aft] hav+ giv5 
an acc\nt ( ! conception ( ,m>y1 & !    
bir? ( ,jesus1 says 7*4 i417 ,all ?is 0 
done t x might be fulfill$ :i* 0 spok5  
by ! prophet1 say+1 ,behold a virg9 %all
 be ) *ild1 & %all br+ =? a son1 & !y   
%all call 8 "n ,immanuel4 ,b ! words z  
!y /& 9 ,isaiah *4 vii4 #ad1 f :5ce !y  
are tak51 d1 9 _! obvi\s & lit]al s5se1 
relate to a "y woman 9 ! days ( ,ahaz1  
,k+ ( ,judah1 z w appe>1 consid]+ !     
context4  ,:5 ,rez91 ,k+ ( ,syria1 &    
,pekah1 ,k+ ( ,israel1 7 conf$]ates 9   
arms toge!r1 aga9/ ,ahaz1 ,k+ ( ,judah1 
,isaiah ! prophet 0 s5t by ,god1 fir/ to
 com=t ,ahaz & ! nation1 & !n to assure 
!m by a sign1 t 8 enemies %\ld 9 a      

little "t be conf\nd$4--,b ,ahaz refus+ 
a sign at ! prophets h&1 ! prophet said 
7see ! *apt]17 ,! ,"l %all give y a     
sign4 ,behold a virg91 or "y woman 7= ! 
,hebrew ^w means bo? z 0 truly & ju/ly  
ass]t$ by ! ,jews 9 ! primitive ages    
aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 & is n[ ackn[l$g$1 & 
e/abli%$ beyond dispute by ! be/ ,hebrew
 s*ol>s ( ?is age17 %all conceive & be> 
a son1 & %all call 8 "n ,immanuel4      
,butt] & honey %all he eat1 t he may "k 
to refuse ! evil & *oose ! good4 ,= be=e
 ! *ild %all "k to refuse ! evil1 &     
*oose ! good1 ! l& :i* ?\ abhorre/ %all 
be =sak5 ( bo? h] k+s4 ,& ?is sign is   
accord+ly giv5 ,ahaz by ! prophet1 :o1  
*4 viii4 v4 #b1 #ah1 took two witnesses 
& w5t to ! said "y woman1 :o 9 due "t   
conceiv$1 & b>e a son1 aft] ^: bir? !   
projects ( ,rez9 & ,pekah 71 x appe>s1  
soon conf\nd$1 accord+ to ! prophecy &  
sign giv5 by ! prophet4  ,& ! prophet   
himself1 puts x beyond dispute1 t ?is is
 ! prop] int]pretation ( ! prophecy1 by 
express words1 z well z by 8 :ole       

n>ration2 = he says1 ,behold ,i1 & !    
*ildr5 :om ! ,"l ha? giv5 me1 are =     
signs1 & = wond]s 9 ,israel f ! ,"l (   
,ho/s1 t dwelle? 9 m\nt ,zion4 ,isaiah  
viii4 #ai4  ,?is is ! pla9 drift &      
design ( ! prophet1 lit]ally1 obvi\sly1 
& prim>ily und]/ood2 & ?us he is        
und]/ood by "o ( ! mo/ judici\s (       
int]pret]s1 ! great ,grotius4 ,inde$1 to
 und]/& ! prophet z hav+ ! conception ( 
,m>y1 & ! bir? ( h] son ,jesus f a virg9
 "m lit]ally1 & prim>ily 9 view1 is a v 
great absurdity1 & contr>y to ! v int5t 
& design ( ! sign giv5 by ! prophet4  ,=
 ! sign be+ giv5 by ,isaiah to conv9ce  
,ahaz t he br\ght a message f ,god to   
him1 to assure him t ! two k+s %\ld n   
succe$ 9 _! attempt aga9/ him1 h[ c\ld a
 virg9s conception1 & be>+ a son sev5   
hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds1 be a sign to      
,ahaz1 t ! prophet came to him1 ) ! said
 message f ,god8 ,& h[ useless 0 x to   
,ahaz1 z well z absurd 9 itself = !     
prophet1 to say1 ,be=e ! *ild1 born sev5
 hundr$ ye>s h5ce1 %all di/+ui% betwe5  

good & evil1 ! l& :i* ?\ abhorre/ %all  
be =sak5 ( bo? h] k+s1 :i* w\ld be a    
bant]1 in/ead ( a sign4  ,b a prophecy (
 ! c]ta9 bir? ( a male *ild1 by a       
p>ticul> female )9 a %ort "t1 seems a   
prop] sign1 z be+ n only :at c\ld n )   
c]ta9ty1 be =etold1 except by a p]son   
inspir$1 b consid]$ z soon com+ to pass1
 x1 consequ5tly1 evid5ces itself to be a
 div9e sign1 & answ]s all ! purposes ( a
 sign4 ,& su* a sign is agreeable to    
,gods conduct on l occasions2 witness 8 
conduct to ,gideon & ,hezekiah4 ,jud4   
vi42 #b ,k+s xx4  ,?is prophecy1 !re=e1 
n be+ fulfill$ 9 ,jesus1 accord+ to !   
lit]al & obvi\s s5se ( ! words z !y /& 9
 ,isaiah1 x is suppos$ t ?is1 l ! o!r   
prophecies cit$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is   
fulfill$ 9 a second>y1 or typical1 or   
my/ical s5se2 t is1 ! said prophecy1 :i*
 0 lit]ally fulfill$ by ! bir? ( ! son  
=etold by ! prophet1 0 aga9 fulfill$ by 
! bir? ( ,jesus1 z be+ an ev5t ( ! same 
k9d1 & int5d$ to be secretly & my/ically
 signifi$ ei!r by ! prophet or by ,god1 

:o direct$ ! prophets spee*4 ,if ! read]
 desires fur!r satisfaction t ! lit]al &
 obvi\s s5se ( ?is prophecy relates to a
 son to be born 9 ,isaiah's "t1 & n to  
,jesus1 he is ref]r$ to ! comm5tator    
,grotius1 & to ,huetius ,demon/rat4     
,evang4 9 loc41 to ! anci5t fa!rs1 & to 
! mo/ respectable ( ! mod]n ,*ri/ian4   
comm5tators1 :o all all[ & %[1 t ! words
 ( ,isaiah are n applicable to ! bir? ( 
,jesus 9 _! lit]al s5se1 b only 9 a     
my/ical1 or figurative1 or allegorical  
s5se4  ,aga91  ,mat!w gives u ano!r     
prophecy1 :i* he says 0 fulfill$4 ,he   
tells u1 t ,jesus 0 c>ri$ into ,egypt2 f
 :5ce he return$ aft] ! dea? ( ,h]od1   
7,mat4 ii47 t x might be fulfill$1 :i* 0
 ( ! ,"l by ! prophet1 say+1 out (      
,egypt h ,i call$ my son4 ,:i*1 be+ ^w =
 ^w 9 ,hosea1 7*4 xi4 #a7 & no :]e else 
to be f\nd 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 are       
suppos$ to be tak5 f !nce2 :]e accord+  
to _! obvi\s s5se !y are no prophecy at 
all6 b relate & ref] to a pa/ action1   
viz41 to ! call+ ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel   

out ( ,egypt1 :i* w1 ,i ?9k1 be d5i$ by 
few4 ,?is passage1 !re=e1 or z x is     
/yl$1 prophecy1 ( ,hosea1 is said by    
le>n$ m5 among ,*ri/ians to be          
my/ically1 or allegorically1 appli$1 9  
ord] to r5d] ,mat!ws application ( x1 j2
 & !y say all o!r me?ods ( "s le>n$ m5  
to solve ! difficulty aris+ f ,mat!w's  
citation ( ?is passage1 h prov$         
unsuccessful4  ,aga91 ,mat!w says1 7*4  
ii47 ,jesus came1 & dwelt at ,naz>e?1 t 
x might be fulfill$1 :i* 0 spok5 by !   
prophet1 say+1 he %all be call$ a       
,naz>5e2 b z ?is passage does n occur 9 
! ,old ,te/am5t at all1 we are preclud$ 
f asc]ta9+ :e!r x be lit]al1 my/ical1 or
 allegorical4  ,jesus says ( ,john !    
,bapti/1 7,mat4 xi4 #ad7 ,?is is ,elias 
t 0 = to come1 :]e9 he is suppos$ to    
ref] to ^! words ( ,mala*i1 7*4 iv4 #d7 
,behold ,i w s5d y ,elijah ! prophet1   
be=e ! com+ ( ! great & t]rible day ( ! 
,"l1 :i*1 accord+ to _! lit]al1 & obvi\s
 s5se1 are a prophecy1 t ,elijah or     
,elias 0 to come 9 p]son 7:i* we "k f ! 

,new ,te/am5t1 z well z else:]e1 0 !    
con/ant expectation ( ! ,jews47         
,besides1 ?is ,elijah 0 to come be=e !  
great & t]rible day ( ! ,"l1 :i* has n  
yet arriv$2 &1 !re=e1 ?is prophecy (    
,mala*i1 ref]r$ to by ! evangeli/1 0    
c]ta9ly n lit]ally1 b only my/ically1   
fulfill$ 9 ,john ! ,bapti/4  ,aga91     
,jesus 7,mat4 xiii47 cites ! prophecy ( 
,isaiah 7,is4 vi4 #i17 ,by he>+ ye %all 
he>1 & %all n und]/&2 & he assures u1 t 
x 0 fulfill$ 9 8 "t 9 ^? to :om he spake
 9 p>ables1 7:i*1 by ! way1 he did1 x is
 said1 9 ord] to fulfil a passage ( !   
,psalms7 ?\gh x is manife/ t ! prophecy 
( ,isaiah quot$1 accord+ to its lit]al  
s5se1 und\bt$ly relates to ! ob/9ate    
,jews :o liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,isaiah4  ,9 f9e1
 ^!1 & ! _m o!r passages cit$ z         
prophecies f ! ,old ,te/am5t by ! au?ors
 ( ! ,new1 d s pla9ly relate1 9 _!      
obvi\s & prim>y s5se to o!r matt]s ?an  
^? :i* !y are adduc$ to prove1 t x is   
all[$ by ! mo/ le>n$ def5d]s (          
,*ri/ianity1 t to pret5d t !y prove 9 a 

lit]al s5se :at !y are adduc$ to prove1 
is to give up ) bo? h&s ! cause (       
,*ri/ianity to ! enemies !re(1 :o c s   
easily %[ 9 s _m und\bt$ in/ances1 !    
,old & ,new ,te/am5t to h no mann] (    
connection 9 t respect1 b to be 9 an    
irreconcilable /ate4  ,^! pro(s f !     
prophets be+ s diff]5t f :at we %\ld    
expect1 x behoves u to enquire :at c\ld 
induce ,jesus & 8 apo/les to quote !    
,old ,te/am5t 9 su* a mann]8  ,! ,jews  
%ortly answ] ?is "q1 by say+1 t !y did  
s1 because !y did n und]/& ! mean+ ( !  
books !y quot$4 ,b x has be5 answ]$ by  
"s le>n$ ,*ri/ians1 t ,jesus & ! apo/les
 did n quote 9 ! mann] !y did ?r\gh     
caprice or ignorance bat accord+ to     
c]ta9 me?ods ( int]pretation1 :i* 7 9 _!
 times ( e/abli%$ au?ority among !      
,jews4  ,! rules ( int]pretation1 :i* 7 
suppos$ to be irrecov]ably lo/ aft]w>ds 
recov]$ to ! _w by ! le>n$ ,sur5husius1 
pr(essor ( ! ,hebrew language 9 !       
illu/ri\s s*ool ( ,am/]dam4 ,he made an 
ample discov]y to ! _w ( ! rules by :i* 

! apo/les cit$ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & argu$ 
f !nce1 :]e9 ! :ole my/]y ( ! apo/les   
apply+ scripture 9 a second>y1 or       
typical1 or allegorical s5se1 seems to  
be unfold$4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 /ate ?is    
matt] f ,sur5husius4  ,he 7,sur5husius7 
says1 t :5 he consid]$ ! v>i\s op9ions  
,( ! le>n$ ab\t ! passages ( ! ,old     
,te/am5t quot$ 9 ! ,new1 ,he 0 fill$ )  
grief1 n kn[+ :]e to set 8 foot2 & 0 mu*
 conc]n$1 t :at _h be5 done ) good      
success ^u pr(ane au?ors1 c\ld n be s   
happily p]=m$ ^u ! sacr$4  ,he tells u1 
t hav+ _h frequ5t occasions to conv]se )
 ! ,jews 7on acc\nt ( 8 application to  
,hebrew lit]ature f 8 y\?7 :o insol5tly 
reflect$ ^u ! ,new ,te/am5t1 affirm+ x  
to be pla9ly corrupt$1 because x seldom 
or nev] agre$ ) ! ,old ,te/am5t1 "s (   
:om 7 s confid5t 9 ?is op9ion1 z to say1
 !y w\ld pr(ess ! ,*ri/ian religion1 if 
any "o c\ld reconcile ! ,new ,te/am5t ) 
! ,old4 ,i 0 ! m griev$1 because1 7says 
?is hone/ & well mean+ man7 ,i knew n h[
 to apply a rem$y to ?is evil4 ,b !     

matt] be+ ( great importance1 he        
disc\rs$ ) sev]al le>n$ m5 ab\t x1 &    
read ! books ( o!rs1 be+ p]suad$ t !    
au?ors ( ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t _h   
writt5 no?+ b :at 0 suit$ to ! "t :]e9  
!y liv$1 & t ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les _h       
con/antly foll[$ ! me?od ( _! ance/ors4 
,aft] he _h long revolv$ ?is hypo!sis 9 
8 m9d1 at la/ he met ) a ,rabbi well    
skill$ 9 ! ,talmud1 ! ,cabbala1 & !     
allegorical books ( ! ,jews4 ,?is ,rabbi
 _h once embrac$ ! ,*ri/ian religion1 b 
0 aga9 relaps$ to ,judaism on acc\nt ( !
 idolatry ( ! ,papi/s1 yet n p]fectly   
disbeliev+ ! integrity ( ! ,new         
,te/am5t4 ,sur5husius ask$ him1 :at he  
?\ght ( ! passages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t    
quot$ 9 ! ,new1 :e!r !y 7 rightly quot$ 
or n1 & :e!r ! ,jews _h any j reason to 
cavil at !m1 & at ! same "t propos$ to  
him two or ?ree passages1 :i* _h v mu*  
ex]cis$ ! mo/ le>n$ ,*ri/ian            
comm5tators4  ,! ,rabbi hav+ admirably  
expla9$ ^? passages1 to ! great surprise
 ( ,sur5husius1 & confirm+ 8            

explications by sev]al places ( !       
,talmud1 & o!r writ+s ( ! ,jewi%        
comm5tators1 & allegorical writ]s1      
,sur5husius ask$ him :at w\ld be ! be/  
me?od to write a treatise 9 ord] to     
v9dicate ! passages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t   
quot$ 9 ! ,new8 ,! ,rabbi answ]$1 t he  
?\ght ! be/ way ( succe$+ 9 su* an      
und]tak+ w\ld be to p]use a great "p ( !
 ,talmud1 & ! allegorical & lit]al      
comm5tators2 to obs]ve _! sev]al ways ( 
quot+ & int]pret+ scripture1 & to       
collect z _m mat]ials ( t k9d1 z w\ld be
 suffici5t = t purpose4  ,sur5husius    
took ! h9t imm$iately3 he read su* books
 z 7 recomm5d$1 obs]v$ e ?+ t might be  
subs]vi5t to 8 design1 & made a book ^u 
! subject4 ,& 9 ! ?ird "p ( t book he   
gives u ! rules s long s\ght aft]1 viz41
 ! t5 ways us$1 he says1 by ! ,jewi%    
doctors 9 cit+ scripture4 ,& "h !y      
are3--  #a4 ,! fir/ rule is--read+ !    
words ( ! ,hebrew bible1 n accord+ to ! 
po9ts plac$ "u !m1 b accord+ to o!r     
po9ts sub/itut$ 9 _! /ead1 z is done by 

,pet]1 ,acts iii4 #c2 by ,/eph51 ,acts  
vii4 #dc1 & by ,paul1 #a ,cor4 xv4 #ed2 
#b ,cor4 viii4 #af1 & ,heb4 iii4 #aj2   
ix4 #ba2 xii4 #f4  #b4 ,! second rule   
is--*ang+ ! lett]s1 :e!r ^? lett]s be ( 
! same organ 7z ! ,hebrew gramm>ians    
speak17 or n1 z is done by ,paul1 ,rom4 
ix4 #cc2 #a ,cor4 xi4 #i2 ,heb4 viii4   
#i1 & x4 #f2 & by ,/eph51 ,acts vii4    
#dc4  #c4 ,! ?ird is--*ang+ bo? lett]s &
 po9ts1 z is done by ,paul1 ,acts xiii4 
#da1 & #b ,cor4 viii4 #ae4  #d4 ,! f\r? 
is--add+ "s lett]s1 & tak+ away o!rs4   
#e4 ,! fif? is--transpos+ words &       
lett]s4  #f4 ,! six? is--divid+ "o ^w   
into two4  #g4 ,! sev5? is--add+ o!r    
words to ^? 9 ! text1 9 ord] to make !  
s5se m cle>1 & to accommodate x to !    
subject !y we ^u4  #h4 ,! eigh?         
is--*ang+ ! ord] ( words4  #i4 ,! n9?   
is--*ang+ ! ord] ( words1 & add+ o!r    
words4  #aj4 ,! t5? is--*ang+ ! ord] (  
words1 add+ words1 & retr5*+ words1 :i*1
 7says he7 is a me?od (t5 us$ by ,paul4 
,( ! application ( all ^! rules1 he     

gives examples tak5 f ! ,new ,te/am5t4  
,x is n necess>y to make _m obs]vations 
^u ^! rules1 !y speak = !mselves mo/    
significantly2 = :at is !re t _c be     
prov$ f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 or any o!r     
book1 yea1 f ,euclids ,elem5ts6 or ev5  
an old almanac6 by ! help ( alt]+ words 
& s5t5ces2 add+2 retr5*+2 & transpos+1 &
 cutt+ words 9 two1 z is /at$ above by a
 le>n$ & good man1 & s9c]e ,*ri/ian :o  
f\nd out1 & br\ght =w>d1 ^! rules1 z !  
be/ means ( gett+ ! au?ors ( ! ,new     
,te/am5t out ( a difficulty1 :i* _h long
 %ock$ & griev$ _! be/ fri5ds4          
,,*apt] ,,vi4  ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,!     
,,mean+ ,,( ,,! ,,phrase ,,?is ,,0      
,,done ,,t ,,x ,,might ,,be ,,fulfill$4 
,x may be object$ f div]s le>n$ au?ors1 
:o h be5 v s5sible ( ! difficulties /at$
 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 & h1 s5sible ( !    
difficulties /at$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1    
!re=e1 tak5 o!r gr\nd ?an _!            
pr$ecessors1 9 ord] to def5d !mselves ! 
bett]2 ,i say1 x may be object$ to :at  
,i h advanc$1 t ,*ri/ianity is n 9 fact 

gr\nd$ on ! prophetical1 or o!r1        
quotations made f ! ,old1 9 ! ,new1     
,te/am5t2 b t ^? quotations be+         
allegorically appli$ by ! au?ors ( !    
,new ,te/am5t1 are m]ely argum5ts ad    
hom9em1 to conv9ce ! ,jews ( ! tru? (   
,*ri/ianity1 :o all[$ su* a me?od (     
argu+ to be valid1 & are n argum5ts to !
 re/ ( mank9d4  ,to :i* ,i answ]--,t ?is
 di/9ction is ! pure inv5tion ( ^? :o   
make ! objection1 & n only has no       
f\ndation 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b is utt]ly
 subv]t$ by its express decl>ations2 = !
 au?ors ( ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t     
always argue absolutely f ! quotations  
!y cite z prophecies out ( ! books ( !  
,old ,te/am5t4 ,moses & ! prophets are e
 :]e repres5t$ to be a j f\ndation =    
,*ri/ianity2 & ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ! 
,romans expressly says1 *4 xvi4 #bf1    
#bf1 ,! gospel1 :i* 0 kept secret s9ce !
 _w began1 0 n[ made manife/ by !       
scriptures ( ! prophets 7:]e9 t gospel 0
 secretly conta9$7 to all nations1 by ! 
means ( ! prea*]s ( ! gospel :o gave !  

secret or spiritual s5se ( ^?           
scriptures2 = to ! anci5t ,jews1 accord+
 to !m1 ! gospel 0 prea*$ by ! types (  
_! law1 &1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 consid]$ z  
truly conta9$ 9 x4  ,besides1 ! au?ors (
 ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 conv9c$    
long be=e ! publication ( !m1 t ! gospel
 0 to be prea*$ to ! ,g5tiles z well z !
 ,jews1 to bo? ( :om1 !re=e1 !y reason$ 
allegorically 9 _! books1 z ,pet] & o!rs
 did 9 _! s]mons1 ?\gh ) great] success 
on ,g5tiles ?an on ,jews2 & z ,paul did 
be=e ,felix1 :5 he said he took 8 h]esy1
 or ,*ri/ianity1 f ! law1 & ! prophets4 
,acts xxiv41 z also he did be=e         
,agrippa4 ,x w\ld1 !re=e1 seem /range1 t
 books writt5 to all ! _w by m5 equally 
conc]n$ to conv]t ,g5tiles z well z     
,jews1 & t disc\rses made expressly to  
,g5tiles z well z to ,jews1 %\ld be     
design$ to be p]t95t only to ,jews1 mu* 
less to a v few ,jews6 ,inde$1 ,i am    
a%am$ at be+ ?us long engag$ 9 %[+ :at  
mu/ be self evid5t2 & did ,i n fe> be+  
fur!r t$i\s to my read]s1 ,i w\ld       

und]take to br+ toge!r passages f ! ,new
 ,te/am5t1 :]e ! mean+ & int5tion ( !   
writ]s is obvi\s1 9 su* abundance1 z    
w\ld imm$iately & entirely put !        
hypo!sis ( our oppon5ts out ( c\nt5ance4
  ,^! quotations f !4 ,old ,te/am5t are 
c]ta9ly urg$1 & spok5 ( z direct pro(s1 
z absolute pro(s 9 !mselves1 & n z m]e  
pro(s ad hom9em to ! ,jews2 = if ^!     
prophecies are only urg$ by ! apo/les z 
pro(s to ! ,jews1 & int5d$ only z pro(s 
f\nd$ on ! mi/ak5 mean+s ( ! ,old       
,te/am5t ( "s ,jews ( _! "t1 :at s5se is
 !re 9 appeal+ ^u all occasions to !    
prophets1 & recomm5d+ ! read+ & se>* ( !
 ,old ,te/am5t = ! trial & pro( ( :at 0 
prea*$8 = t 0 to proce$ on weakness     
itself1 kn[+ x to be s4 ,c]ta9ly no?+1 b
 a real p]suasion1 t ! prophecies ( !   
,old ,te/am5t 7 really fulfill$ 9       
,jesus1 c\ld make !m e :]e inculcate &  
appeal to ! fulfill+ ( prophecy4 ,9 ord]
 to support _! hypo!sis1 ,*ri/ians h be5
 =c$ to seek evid5ce to prove1 t !      
phrase--?is 0 done t x might be         

fulfill$1 s frequ5t 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1  
meant no su* ?+1 b 0 only a habit !     
,jews _h got ( introduc+ by su* phrases 
a h&some quotation1 or allusion1 f !    
,old ,te/am5t4 ,b ?is evasion mu/ be    
giv5 up1 ^u two acc\nts4 #a4 ,because   
mo/ ( ! ,european biblical critics ( !  
pres5t day 7! le>n$ annotator on        
,mi*aelis ,introduction to ! ,new       
,te/am5t1 ,dr4 ,m>%1 among o!rs7 frankly
 ackn[l$ge x n to be t5able2 & #b4      
,because x c be prov$ n to be s f ! ,new
 ,te/am5t itself4 ,= example1 :5 ,john  
repres5ts 7,jo4 xix4 #bh17 ,jesus ^u !  
cross say+1 ,i ?ir/ t ! scripture might 
be fulfill$1 do? he n pla9ly repres5t   
,jesus z fulfill+ a prophecy :i* =etold 
t ! ,messiah %\ld ?ir/1 or say1 ,i ?ir/1
 ^u ! cross8 ,nay1 does he n suppose him
 to say s1 9 ord] to fulfil1 or t he    
might fulfil1 a prophecy8 ,is x n also  
suitable to ! "* ( ,jesus1 :o f\nd$ 8   
,messiah%ip on ! prophecies 9 ! ,old    
,te/am5t1 & c\ld n b h ! accompli%m5t ( 
^? prophecies con/antly 9 view to       

fulfil1 & to int5d to fulfil !m8 ,& is x
 n unsuitable 9 ,john1 9 describ+ 8 ma/]
 dy+ ^u ! cross1 to repres5t him z say+ 
?+s1 :]eby he only gave occasion to     
obs]ve1 t he fulfill$1 i4 e41           
accommodat$ a phrase6 n a prophecy66    
,besides1 !y :o set up ?is accommodat+  
pr9ciple ( accommodation1 d1 9 "s cases1
 take ! t]m fulfill$ 9 its prop] s5se1 &
 d all[ x1 7:5 conv5i5t7 to relate to a 
prophecy really fulfill$4 ,b ,i w\ld ask
 !m1 :at rule !y h to "k :5 ! apo/les   
mean a prophecy fulfill$1 & :5 a phrase 
accommodat$1 s9ce !y are ackn[l$g$ to   
use ! /rong expression ( fulfill+ 9 !   
latt] case no less ?an 9 ! =m]8  ,9 a   
^w1 unless x be grant$1 t ! citations 7 
int5d$ by ! au?ors ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 to
 be adduc$1 & appli$1 z prophecies      
fulfill$2 if y d suppose !m n int5d$ to 
be adduc$1 & appli$1 z prophecies2 !n1 !
 :ole affair ( ,jesus be+ =etold z !    
,messiah1 is r$uc$ to an accommodation (
 phrases6 & x w1 assur$ly1 foll[1 t !   
citations ( ,jesus & 8 apo/les out ( !  

,old ,te/am5t1 are l & no bett] ?an ! "w
 (1 ! ,empress ,eudoxia1 :o wrote !     
,hi/ory ( ,jesus 9 v]ses put toge!r1 &  
borr[$ out (--,,hom]6 or t ( ,proba     
,palconia1 :o did ! same1 9 v]ses1 &    
words tak5 out (--,virgil6  ,9 f9e1 "o (
 two ?+s mu/ be all[$1 ei!r 7:i* is mo/ 
probable7 ! au?ors ( ! ,new ,te/am5t    
conceiv$ _! citations to be inde$       
prophecies conc]n+ ,jesus1 & !n !y 7    
ignorant & blund]$1 &1 !re=e2 7 n       
inspir$2 or1 !y kn[+ly us$ !m z means to
 deceive ! simple & cr$ul\s into a      
belief ( _! be+ te/imonies suffici5t to 
prove :at !y !mselves knew !y _h no     
relation to2--& !n !y 7 deceiv]s3 !re is
 no o!r alt]native1 & ea* horn ( !      
dilemma1 mu/ prove z fatal z ! o!r4     
,p]haps x may be said1 ,x is to no      
purpose = y to object to ! quotations or
 ! argum5ts ( ,jesus & 8 apo/les1 = ,god
 0 ) !m confirm+ _! doctr9e by signs    
foll[+1 !y _h f ,god ! p[] ( work+      
miracles1 &1 consequ5tly1 _!            
int]pretations ( ,scripture1 h[ev]      

/range !y may appe> to y\r m9ds1 mu/ be 
infallible1 !y be+ m5 inspir$4  ,to ?is 
argum5t x c be ju/ly answ]$1 fir/1 t !  
"q :e!r ,jesus be ! ,messiah1 entirely  
dep5ds1 z prov$ be=e1 ^u 8 answ]+ !     
*>act]i/ics giv5 ( t p]sonage by !      
,jewi% prophets2 & all ! miracles 9 ! _w
 c\ld nev]1 f ! nature ( ! case1 prove  
him to be s1 unless 8 "* does entirely  
agree ) ! ar*etype laid d[n by !m1 z _h 
be5 already abundantly prov$4           
,secondly1--,t :e!r ^! miracles 7 really
 p]=m$1 or n1 dep5ds entirely ^u !      
cr$ibility ( ! au?ors !mselves :o h ?us 
quot$6 :i*1 z %all be %[n h]eaft]1 may  
be disput$2 &1 ?irdly1 x c\ld be retort$
 ^u ,prote/ants1 t ?is same argum5t is !
 same 9 pr9ciple ) ! (t5 refut$ popi%   
argum5tation4 ,! ,papi/s pret5d to d]ive
 all _! new inv5t$ & absurd doctr9es &  
practices f ! scriptures by _!          
int]pretations ( !m2 b yet1 :5 _!       
int]pretations are attack$ f scripture1 
!y imm$iately fly f !nce to ! miracles  
wr\ght 9 _! *ur*1 & to ! visions ( _!   

holy m5 & sa9ts1 = ! e/abli%m5t ( _!    
int]pretations1 by :i* !y support ^? v  
doctr9es & practices4 ,& p>ticul>ly !y  
endeav\r to prove ?us ! doctr9e (       
transub/antiation1 f ! num]\s miracles  
affirm$ to h be5 wr\ght 9 its behalf1   
:i* reason+ ,prote/ant ,*ri/ians ass]t  
to be an argum5t absurd & inconclusive1 
!re=e1 !y %\ld n use x !mselves4  ,we   
all[1 t if ^! int]pretations ( ! s5se ( 
! ,old ,te/am5t _h be5 9 exi/5ce be=e ! 
,*ri/ian era1 x might be some?+4 ,b we  
beg leave to rem9d !m1 t x is c]ta91 t  
^! int]pretations 7 n publi%$ till aft] 
! ev5ts to :i* !y are ref]r$ took place1
 :i* is a circum/ance ( obvi\s          
significancy4  ,9 f9e1 to ?is argum5t ,i
 w\ld answ]1 z 9 ,cic]o 7de ,natura     
,deor4 ,ed4 ,dav4 p4 #bji7 ,cotta did to
 ,balbus--rumoribus mecum pugnas1 ego   
autem a te roitones requiro4    ,,*apt] 
,,vii4  ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,! ,,argum5ts 
,,alleg$ ,,f ,,! ,,hebrew ,,prophets1   
,,to ,,pbove ,,t ,,jesus ,,0 ,,!        
,,messiah4  ,b x may be ask$1 h[ x 0    

possible1 t wise & good m5 c\ld h be5 l$
 to embrace ! religion ( ! ,new         
,te/am5t1 if !re 7 n 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t  
"s prophecies :i* might be conceiv$ by  
!m to supply1 at lea/1 plausible        
argum5ts to prove t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 !
 ,messiah8 ,are !re no o!r passages 9 ! 
prophets besides ^? quot$ 9 ! ,new      
,te/am5t1 & are !re n a few passages    
quot$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* appe> m to 
! purpose ?an ^? we h be5 consid]+8 ,to 
?is ,i c&idly answ] t !re are1 & ?is    
*apt] w be devot$ to ! consid]ation (   
!m4  ,two ( ^! prophecies1 "o f ,g5esis1
 & ! o!r f ,daniel1 are ?\ght by !      
advocates ( ,*ri/ianity1 7because !y    
conceive !m to po9t out & to limit ! "t 
( ! com+ ( ! ,messiah17 to be /rong] 9  
_! fav\r ?an any ( ^? quot$ 9 die ,new  
,te/am5t4 ,if s1 x is a v s+ul>         
circum/ance1 t ! inspir$ au?ors ( ! ,new
 ,te/am5t did n make use ( !m1 in/ead ( 
o!rs n s mu* to ! purpose4 ,?is         
circum/ance ( itself %\ld tea* u to     
exam9e ! prophecies 9 "q ) caution1 &   

also ) c&\r1 s9ce _m wor?y & religi\s m5
 h ?\ght !m suffici5t to prove t ,jesus 
0 inde$ ! ,messiah4 ,^! prophecies ,i   
%all res]ve la/ = consid]ation1 & %all  
n[ beg9 ) ! o!rs usually adduc$1 tak+ !m
 up pretty mu* 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y /& 9 ! 
,old ,te/am5t4  ,! fir/ passage is tak5 
f ,deut4 xviii4 #ae1 ,! ,"l ?y ,god w   
raise up unto !e a prophet f ! mid/ (   
!e1 l unto me1 unto him ye %all he>k54  
,accord+ to all t ?\ desir$/ ( ! ,"l ?y 
,god 9 ,horeb1 9 ! day ( ! assembly1    
say+4 ,let me n he> aga9 ! voice ( ! ,"l
 my ,god1 nei!r let me see 8 great fire 
any m1 t ,i die n4 ,& ! ,"l said unto   
me1 !y h well spok5 t :i* !y h spok54 ,i
 w raise !m up a prophet f among _!     
bre?r51 l unto !e1 & ,i w put my words  
into 8 m\?1 & he %all speak unto !m all 
t ,i comm& him4 ,& x %all come to pass1 
t :osoev] w n he>k5 unto my1 words :i*  
he %all speak 9 my "n1 ,i w require x ( 
him4  ,?is passage is p]t9aci\sly &     
solely appli$ to ,jesus1 by _m ,*ri/ian 
writ]s1 because x is s appli$ by ,pet] 9

 ! #b *ap4 ( ,acts1 9 8 s]mon to !      
,jews1 j aft] he _h receiv$ ! full      
inspiration ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & ( c\rse mu/
 be consid]$ z infallible4 ,nev]!less1  
^! words ( ,moses are suppos$ by _m     
le>n$ m51 bo? ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 to be  
spok5 ( ,jo%ua1 :om ,moses himself      
aft]w>ds1 at ! comm& & appo9tm5t ( ,god1
 decl>$ to be 8 successor1 & :o 0 end[$ 
) ! _s :i* 0 ^u ,moses1 7see ,deut4     
xxxi4 #cc1 xxxiv4 #ag17 & to :om ! ,jews
 !n promis$ to he>k51 & pay ob$i5ce to1 
z !y _h done be=e to ,moses4 ,b o!rs    
und]/& !m to be a promise ( a succession
 ( prophets1 to :om ! ,jews might ^u all
 occasions h rec\rse2 & "o or ! o!r ( ^!
 seems to be ! c]ta9 mean+ ( ! place4 ,f
 ?is consid]ation1 t f ! context x      
appe>s ,moses 0 giv+ ! ,jews directions 
( imm$iate use2 &1 !re=e1 9 promis+ a   
prophet to !m1 to :om !y %\ld he>k51 he 
seems to int5d an imm$iate prophet :o   
might be ( use to ! ,jews1 & answ] _!   
common exig5cies1 & n a prophet two ?\s&
 ye>s to come4  ,b ,i take ! words to   

promise a succession ( prophets1 & = t  
s5se :]e9 ,grotius & ,le ,cl]c1 & mo/ ( 
! ,jews1 take !m4 ,i %all give my       
reasons1 = ?is1 & %[ t !y d n necess>ily
 ref] to ,jesus ,*ri/4  ,moses1 9 !     
v]ses prec$+ ?is prophecy 9 ! same      
*apt]1 7,deut4 xviii4 #i--ad7 tells !   
,israelites f ,god1 t :5 !y came into   
,canaan1 !y %\ld n le>n to d aft]1 !    
abom9ations ( ! p !re(2 &1 p>ticul>ly1 t
 !re %\ld n be f\nd among !m any "o t   
use? div9ation1 or an obs]v] ( times1   
c41 or a consult] ) famili> spirits1 c4 
,= all1 says he1 t d ^! ?+s are an      
abom9ation to ! ,"l2 & because ( ^!     
abom9ations ! ,"l ?y ,god do? drive ^! p
 out f be=e !e4 ,= ^! nations :i* ?\    
%alt possess he>k5$ unto obs]v]s (      
times1 & unto div9]s4 ,b z = !e1 ! ,"l  
?y ,god ha? n suff]$ !e to d s4 ,!n     
foll[ ! words ab\t ! prophet1 ,! ,"l ?y 
,god w raise unto !e a prophet f ! mid/ 
( !e ( ?y bre?r5 l unto me1 unto him ye 
%all he>k54 ,all :i* is z mu* z to say1 
,:5 y come into ,canaan1 d n he>t5 to a 

div9]1 c41 z ! ,canaanites d1 = ! ,"l w 
give y a prophet ( y\r own bre?r5       
inspir$ l me1 to guide any in/ruct y1 to
 :om ye %all he>k54 ,or r1 ,d n he>k5 to
 div9]s1 c41 b to prophets1 :o %all be  
rais$ up among y4  ,n[ t ! words cit$   
mu/ relate to a succession ( prophets to
 beg9 ^u ! ,israelites tak+ possession (
 ! l& ( ,canaan1 is manife/2 because1 ! 
rais+ up ( a prophet1 to :om !y 7 to    
he>k51 is ! reason giv5 :y !y %\ld n    
he>k5 to a div9]1 c41 :5 !y came to t   
l&2 :i* reason c\ld h no =ce unless !y 7
 to h1 #a/1--an imm$iate prophet 9      
,canaan2 = :at s5se is !re1 or w\ld !re 
be1 9 say+1 ,dont he>k5 to su* div9]s z 
are 9 ,canaan1 :5 y come !re1 = y %all h
 a prophet ( y\r own1 to :om ye %all    
he>k5 two ?\s& ye>s aft] y come !re6    
,secondly1--,z ! context %[s t ! prophet
 to be rais$ up1 0 an imm$iate prophet1 
s x also %[s1 t ! s+ul> numb] "h /&s = !
 plural1 accord+ to ! frequ5t cu/om ( ! 
,hebrew language1 z is %[n by ,le ,cl]c 
& ,/ill+fleet1 9 loco2 = "o s+le prophet

 to be rais$ up imm$iately1 :o might    
soon die1 c\ld n be a reason :y ,jews ( 
succe$+ g5]ations %\ld n h>k5 to div9]s 
9 ,canaan4  ,f9ally1--,! words ( ,god by
 ,moses1 :i* foll[ ! promise ( a        
prophet1 evid5tly %[ t by t promise     
prophets 7 int5d$1 9 lay+-d[n a rule = !
 te/ or trial ( ! prophets be=e m5tion$1
 9 su* a mann] z implies1 t t rule 0 to 
be appli$ to all prophets pret5d+ to    
come f him4 ,see ! words 9 ,deut4       
xviii41 #ai--bb4  ,i %all conclude ?is  
explication1 by adduc+1 9 confirmation (
 x1 ! p>aphrase ( ! words giv5 9 !      
,t>gum ( ,jona?an4 ,! nations y are ab\t
 to possess1 7says ! ,jewi% p>aphra/7   
he>k5 to juggl]s & div9]s2 b y %all n be
 l !m2 = y\r prie/s %all enquire by     
,urim & ,?ummim1 & ! ,"l y\r ,god %all  
give y a true prophet4 ,& ?is           
explication is ! "o adopt$ by           
,orig51--,contra ,celsum1 p4 #bh4  ,z to
 ! difficulty t is rais$ aga9/ ?is      
explication f ! words at ! end (        
,deut]onomy--t !re arose n a prophet    

s9ce 9 ,israel l unto ,moses :om ! ,"l  
knew face to face4 ,9 all ! signs &     
wond]s :i* ! ,"l s5t him to d1 c4-- x is
 no?+ at all4 ,= e "o p]ceives1 t ! ^w l
 may be1 & frequ5tly is1 us$ 9          
scripture1 & 9 common language1 to      
signify1 simil>ity 9 "s1 ?\gh n 9 e1    
p>ticul>2 & e prophet1 :o speaks by     
,gods direction1 is a prophet l unto    
,moses1 :o did ! same1 ?\gh he be n l1  
or equal to1 him 9 do+ signs & wond]s1  
:i* is all t is affirm$ 9 ! la/ *apt] ( 
,deut]onomy4  ,&1 f9ally1 !re is no?+ to
 limit ?is prophecy to ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1
 if we all[$ 7:at we reject7 ! ,*ri/ian 
int]pretation2 s9ce ,god might to-morr[1
 if su* 7 8 w1 raise up a prophet l unto
 ,moses 9 e respect1 :i* ,jesus c]ta9ly 
0 n2 !re=e1 x _c be appli$ & re/ra9$ to 
! purpose = :i* x is quot$ by ,pet]4    
,!re is 9 ! same s]mon1 9 ! #b *ap4 (   
,acts1 ano!r passage quot$ by ,pet] f ! 
,psalms1 & appli$ by him to prove !     
resurrection ( ,jesus1 & on :i* he lays 
v great /ress1 :i* aft] all seems to be 

no?+ to ! purpose4 ,pet] says1 ,him 7i4 
e41 ,jesus7 ,god ha? rais$ up1 hav+     
loos$ ! pa9s or b&s ( dea?1 because x 0 
n possible t he %\ld be hold5 ( x4 ,&   
:y8 ,= because ,david speake? conc]n+   
him1  ,i =esaw ! ,"l always be=e my     
face1 = he is on my "r h&1 t ,i %\ld n  
be mov$4 ,!re=e did my he>t rejoice1 &  
my tongue 0 glad2 moreov] also my fle%  
%all re/ 9 hope4 ,because ?\ wilt n     
leave my s\l 9 ,hades1 ! place ( dep>t$ 
,spirits nor suff] ?y holy "o to see    
corruption1 ?\ ha/ made kn[n to me !    
ways ( life2 ?\ %alt make me full ( joy 
) ?y c\nt5ance4 ,m5 & bre?r51 let me    
freely speak unto y ( ! patri>* ,david1 
t he is bo? dead & buri$1 & 8 sepul*re  
is ) u unto ?is day4 ,!re=e1 be+ a      
prophet1 & kn[+ t ,god _h sworn ) an oa?
 to him1 t ( ! fruit ( 8 lo9s accord+ to
 ! fle%1 he w\ld raise up ,*ri/ to sit  
^u 8 ?rone4 ,he1 see+ ?is be=e1 spake ( 
! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 t 8 s\l 0 n left
 9 ,hades1 nei!r did 8 fle% see         
corruption4  ,h[ impos+ is ?is argum5t6 

,h[ plausible x appe>s6 ,& yet x is     
irrelevant1 z ,dr4 ,prie/ly frankly     
confesses1 :o tries to save ! cr$it ( ! 
apo/le by ! conv5i5t pr9ciple (         
accommodation6 ,! :ole =ce ( ,pet]s     
reason+ dep5ds ^u ! ^w corruption4      
,david did see corruption2 !re=e1 he    
c\ld n mean himself1 b be+ a prophet1   
c41 he meant ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,n[1 ! :ole (
 ,pet]s argum5t is gr\nd$ ^u two        
mi/akes2 =1 #a/1 ! ,hebrew ^w translat$ 
corruption1 "h signifies de/ruction1    
p]dition2 & 9 ! next place1 in/ead ( be+
 ?y holy ,"o1 9 ! s+ul>1 x is 9 !       
,hebrew ?y sa9ts1 9 g5]al4 ,! passage is
 quot$ f ! #af? ,psalm2 & ,i w give a   
lit]al translation ( x f ! orig9al1 :i* 
w make ! propriety or impropriety (     
,pet]s quotation p]fectly obvi\s4 ,!    
cont5ts & import ( ! ,psalm1 accord+ to 
! ,engli% v]sion1 are z foll[2 ,david1 9
 di/ru/ ( 8 m]its1 & hatr$ ( idolatry1  
flee? to ,god = pres]vation1 ,he %[e? ! 
hope ( 8 call+1 ( ! resurrection1 & (   
life ev]la/+4 ,& ! passage 9 "q1 accord+

 to ! orig9al1 reads ?us3--,i h set !   
,"l always be=e me3 ,because he is on my
 "r h&1 ,i %all n be mov$3 ,!re=e my    
he>t is glad1 & my glory i4 e41 tongue  
rejoice?3 ,my fle% also %all re/ 9 hope4
 ,= ?\ wilt n leave my s\l 9 ,hades1    
nei!r wilt ?\ suff] ?y sa9ts to see     
de/ruction4 ,?\ wilt %[ me ! pa? ( life3
 ,9 ?y pres5ce is fullness ( joy1 & at  
?y "r h& are pleasures = ev]more4 ,t    
is--,because ,i h ev] tru/$ 9 !e1 &     
exp]i5c$ ?y con/ant protection1 !re=e ,i
 w n fe> dea?2 because ?\ wilt n = ov]  
leave my s\l 9 ! place ( dep>t$ spirits1
 nor suff] ?y sa9ts to p]i% f exi/5ce4  
,?\ wilt raise me f ! dead1 & make me   
happy = ev] 9 ?y pres5ce4  ,9 ! #d? *ap4
 ( ! ,acts1 ! apo/les are repres5t$ z   
pray+ to ,god1 & ref]r+ 9 _! pray] to ! 
#b;d ,psalm :y did ! hea!n rage1 c41 z  
be+ a prophecy ( ! opposition ( ! ,jews 
to ,jesus2 ) h[ mu* ju/ice may be se5 f 
^! circum/ances4  #a4 ,t ! nations1 z x 
is 9 ! orig9al1 did n assemble toge!r to
 crucify ,jesus1 z ?is 0 done by a few  

soldi]s4 #b4 ,! k+s ( ! e>? _h no h& 9  
x1 = !y knew no?+ ab\t x4 ,& #crdly1 ,^?
 :o 7 conc]n$ did by no means =m va9    
designs1 s9ce !y effect$ _! cruel       
purposes4 ,& la/ly1 ,f t "t to ! pres5t1
 ,god has n set ,jesus z 8 k+ ^u ! holy 
hill ( ,sion1 z ! ,psalm imports1 nor   
giv5 him ! nations = 8 inh]itance1 nor !
 utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>? = a possession4   
,! next prophecy usually adduc$ to prove
 t ,jesus is ! ,messiah1 is ,! passage  
quot$ f ,micah v4 #b1 9 ! #b;d *apt] (  
,mat4--,b f ,be?lehem ,ephratah1 ?\gh ?\
 be little among ! *iefs ( ,judah1 yet  
out ( !e %all he come =? unto me1 t is1 
to be rul] 9 ,israel1 ^: go+s =? h be5 f
 old1 f ! days ( hidd5 ages4 ,?is       
passage probably ref]s to ! ,messiah1 b 
by no means signifies t ?is ,messiah 0  
to be born 9 ,be?lehem1 z ass]t$ by     
,mat!w2 b only1 t he 0 to be d]iv$ f    
,be?lehem1 ! city ( ,jesse1 ! fa!r (    
,david ( fam\s memory1 ^: family 0      
v5]able = its antiquity1  be+ ( ! days (
 hidd5 ages4 ,& ?is int]pretation is    

kn[n1 & ackn[l$g$1 by ,hebrew s*ol>s4 ,b
 9 ord] to cut %ort ! dispute1 w w p]mit
 ! passage to be int]pret$ z signify+ t 
,be?lehem 0 to be ! bir? place ( !      
,messiah4 ,:at !n8 ,w a mans be+ born 9 
,be?lehem be suffici5t to make him to be
 ! ,messiah =etold by ! ,hebrew         
prophets8 ,surely x has be5 made pla9 9 
! beg9n+ ( ?is "w1 t _m m *>act]i/ic    
m>ks ?an ?is mu/ meet 9 "o p]son 9 ord] 
to con/itute him ! ,messiah describ$ by 
!m6  ,9 ,ze*>iah ix4 #i1 x is writt51   
,rejoice greatly1 ,o ,daught] ( ,sion1  
,%\t1 ,o ,daught] ( ,j]usalem6 ,behold  
?y k+ come? unto !e1 ! righte\s "o1 &   
sav$1 or pres]v$ accord+ to ! ,hebrew   
l[ly1 & rid+ ^u an ass1 & ^u a colt1 !  
foal ( an ass4 ,?is has be5 appli$ by ! 
evangeli/s to ,jesus1 :o rode ^u an ass 
into ,j]usalem4  ,b 9 ! fir/ place1 x is
 to be obs]v$1 t !re seems to h be5 a   
blund] 9 ?is transaction2 = accord+ to !
 ,hebrew idiom ( ! passage quot$ above1 
! p]sonage !re spok5 (1 0 to ride ^u an 
ass colt2 :]eas1 ! apo/les1 9 ord] to be

 sure ( fulfill+ ! prophecy1 repres5t   
,jesus z rid+ ^u an ass1 & ! colt1 too6 
,!y spread _! g>m5ts ^u !m1 & set him ^u
 !m4,see ! evangeli/s 9 loc4 ,9 ! next  
place1 a man may ride into ,j]usalem ^u 
an ass1 )\t be+ ?us necess>ily          
demon/rat$ to be ! ,messiah4 ,& unless1 
z said be=e1 e tittle ( ! m>ks giv5 by !
 prophets to designate _! ,messiah1 be  
f\nd 9 ,jesus1 & 9 any o!r claim+ to be 
t ,messiah 8 be+ born 9 ,be?lehem1 &    
rid+ ^u an ass into ,j]usalem1 w by no  
means prove him to be s4 ,besides1 ^? :o
 w take ! tr\ble to look at ! context 9 
,ze*>iah1 w f9d1 t ! ev5t spok5 ( 9 !   
quotation1 is spok5 ( z contemporane\s )
 ! re/oration ,israel1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( 
peace & happ9ess1 :i* seems to cut up by
 ! roots ! int]pretation ( ! evangeli/s4
 ,& to conclude ! argum5t1--,jesus be+  
born 9 ,be?lehem1 & rid+ into ,j]usalem1
 all[+ x to be true1 w\ld n1 we ?9k1    
fru/rate ^! prophecies ( a future       
fulfillm5t--= no "o c disprove1 t if s  
be ! w ( ,god1 su* a p]son z ! ,messiah 

is describ$ to be1 might be born 9      
,be?lehem to-morr[1 & ride 9 triumph    
into ,j]usalem1 tw5ty ye>s aft]w>ds4  ,!
 next passage :i* has be5 (f]$1 z a     
prophecy ( ,jesus1 is to be f\nd 9 !    
#ab? *ap4 ( ,ze*4 v4 #aj1 & "p ( x has  
be5 misquot$ by ,john4 ,& ,i w p\r ^u ! 
h\se ( ,david1 & ^u ! inhabitants (     
,j]usalem1 ! _s ( grace & supplications1
 & !y %all look on me :om !y h pi]c$4 ,s
 x /&s 9 ! ,engli% v]sion2 b1 be=e ,i   
/ate :at x ought to be1 ,i w\ld obs]ve1 
t be=e ! evangeli/1 7:o 9 8 acc\nt ( !  
crucifixion applies ?is passage z ref]r+
 to ,jesus be+ pi]c$ ) a spe>7 c\ld make
 ?is passage fit 8 purpose1 he _h to    
sub/itute ! ^w him = me1 z x is 9 !     
,hebrew2 confirm$ by1 ,i believe1 all ! 
v]sions1 anci5t & mod]n1 )\t exception4 
,yet1 ) ?is *ange1 x w by no means answ]
 8 purpose2 = ! ,hebrew ^w "h translat$ 
pi]c$1 9 ?is place signifies blasphem$1 
or insult$1 z x is und]/ood by ,grotius1
 :o confirms ?is r5d]+ f ! ,hebrew (    
,levit4 xxiv4 #aa1 :]e 9 ?is passage !  

,israeliti% woman's son blasphem$ ! "n (
 ! ,"l4 ,! ,hebrew ^w translat$         
blasphem$ is f ! same root ) ! ,hebrew  
^w translat$ pi]c$ 9 ! passage 9        
,ze*>iah quot$ above4 ,s t ! passage    
ought to be translat$ ?us3--,i w p\r ^u 
! h\se ( ,david1 & ^u ! inhabitants (   
,j]usalem1 ! _s ( grace & supplications1
 & !y %all look t[>ds me :om !y h       
blasphem$4 ,to look t[>ds ,god is a     
phrase frequ5tly met )1 & well und]/ood4
 ,n[1 to enable u to und]/& m p]fectly  
?is passage1 let u consid] ! context1   
:]e we %all f9d t x /ates1 t !re 0 to be
 a w> 9 ,judea1 & a siege ( ,j]usalem1 &
 !n a deliv]ance ( ! ,jews1 by !        
de/ruction ( all ! nations1 t %\ld come 
up at t "t1 aga9/ ,j]usalem4 ,imm$iately
 aft] :i* matt]s1 foll[s ! prophecy "u  
consid]ation--,i w p\r ^u ! h\se (      
,david1 c4 ,n[1 f ^! ?+s ?us laid       
toge!r1 ,i crave leave to argue 9 !     
words ( ,dr4 ,sykes ,essay1 c41 p4      
#bfh--;,did any "o circum/ance ( all ?is
 happ5 to ! ,jews ab\t ! "t ( ! dea? (  

,jesus8 ,or r1 0 n e ?+ ! rev]se ( :at  
,ze*>iah says2 & in/ead ( all nations   
be+ de/roy$ t came ab\t ,j]usalem1      
,j]usalem itself 0 de/roy$3 in/ead ( a  
_s ( grace & supplications1 ! ,jews h _h
 _! he>ts h>d5$ aga9/ ! ,*ri/2 in/ead ( 
m\rn+ = him :om !y h pi]c$1 !y condemn  
him & 8 foll[]s ev5 until ?is day4  ,b x
 is tiresome ?us to wa/e "t 9 prov+ t   
p>ts & ends ( v]ses1 disjo9t$ f _!      
connexion1 & ev5 ! words quot$1 "s ( !m 
*ang$ & "s transpos$1 7?\gh ev5 done    
accord+ to ! rules giv5 by ! v5]able    
,sur5husius7 prove no?+4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1
 devote ! rema9d] ( ?is long *apt] to ! 
consid]ation ( ! ?ree fam\s prophecies1 
on :i* ,*ri/ians h n hesitat$1 )        
triumph+ confid5ce1 to re/ ! issue ( _! 
cause4 ,^! are ! prophecy ( ,%iloh1 ,g54
 #di2 ! #ec;d *4 ( ,isaiah2 & ,daniels  
prophecy ( ! sev5ty weeks4 ,i w consid] 
!m 9 ord]1 & ?us w9d up ! *apt]4  ,i h  
"s :]e read 9 a cate*ism1 ! foll[+ "q & 
answ]3--,q4 ,h[ c y conf\nd ! ,jews1 &  
prove1 f prophecy1 t ! ,messiah is      

already come8 ,a4 ,f ^! two             
prophecies--,! sceptre %all n dep>t f   
,judah1 c4--,g54 xlix42 & ?is--,sev5ty  
weeks are det]m9$ ^u ?y p1 c4--,dan4 ix4
 #bd4  ,b1 not)/&+ ^! ov]:elm+ pro(s1 ! 
/ubborn ,jews refuse to be conf\nd$6 on 
! contr>y1 !y 9 fact laugh at ,*ri/ians 
= be+ s easily impos$ ^u4  ,! prophecy  
conc]n+ ,%iloh1 ! ,jews ackn[l$ge1 ref]s
 to _! ,messiah4 ,b !y d n all[ t x     
def9es or limits ! "t ( 8 com+4  ,& t x 
9 fact does n1 w be p]fectly1 evid5t to 
all :o w look at ! place 9 ! ,hebrew    
bible1 :i* !y w f9d po9t$ to read n--,! 
sceptre %all n dep>t f ,judah1 & a      
lawgiv] f betwe5 8 feet1 until ,%iloh   
come1 c42 b ?us--,! sceptre %all n dep>t
 f ,judah1 nor a lawgiv] f betwe5 8     
feet1 = ev]2 = ,%iloh %all come1 & to   
him %all ! ga!r+ ( ! p be4 ,s t !       
prophecy does n intimate t ! ,messiah   
%\ld come be=e ! sceptre be dep>t$ f    
,judah2 b t x %\ld n dep>t = ev]1 b %all
 be re/or$ :5 ,%iloh comes4 ,?is is !   
pla9 & obvi\s s5se ( ! prophecy2 &1     

moreov]1 is ! only "o t is consi/5t )   
hi/orical fact4 ,=1 9 tru?1 ! sceptre _h
 dep>t$ f ,judah sev]al hundr$ ye>s be=e
 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 born4 ,= f ! "t ( ! 
,babyloni% captivity ,judah has nev] be5
 free1 b 9 subjection to ! ,p]sians1 !  
,syrians1 ! ,romans1 & all ! _w4  ,if my
 read]s desire fur!r satisfaction )     
reg>d to ?is int]pretation ( ?is fam\s  
prophecy1 ,i ref] !m to ! dispute ^u ?is
 subject betwe5 ! celebrat$             
,rittangelius1 & a le>n$ ,jew1 7pres]v$ 
9 ,wag5seils ,tela ,ignea17 :]e he w f9d
 ,rittangelius fir/ amicably invit+ !   
,hebrew to discuss ! po9t1 :o does s mo/
 ably & respectfully t[>d 8 ,*ri/ian    
antagoni/1 & unansw]ably e/abli%es !    
int]pretation above /at$1 by ! laws ( ! 
,hebrew language1 by ! anci5t           
int]pretation ( ! ,t>gum1 by v5]able    
tradition1 & by appeal+ to hi/ory4      
,rittangelius beg9s 8 def5ce by %uffl+1 
an ends by gett+ into a passion1 & call+
 names2 :i* 8 oppon5t1 :o is cool1      
because confid5t ( be+ able to e/abli% 8

 argum5t1 answ]s by notify+ to          
,rittangelius 8 compassion & contempt4  
,! next prophecy propos$ to be consid]$1
 is ! celebrat$ prophecy ( ,isaiah1     
consi/+ ( "p ( ! #ebnd1 & ! :ole ( !    
#ecrd1 *apt]4 ,x is ! only prophecy :i* 
,paley ?9ks wor? br++ =w>d 9 8 elaborate
 def5ce2 & x mu/ be confess$1 t if ?is  
prophecy relates to ! ,messiah1 x is by 
f> ! mo/ plausible ( any t are br\ght   
=w>d 9 fav\r ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x m]its1  
!re=e1 a ?or\gh discussion1 & ,i %all   
endeav\r t x %all be a c&id "o4 ,?is    
prophecy is quot$ by ,jesus himself 9   
,luke xxii4 #ci1 & by ,philip1 :5 he    
conv]t$ ! ,eunu*1 7,acts #h17 = beg9n+  
at ?is prophecy1 he prea*$ unto him     
,jesus4  ,x w n be necess>y to cite !   
passage at l5g?1 x be+ "o p]fectly      
famili> to e ,*ri/ian4 ,i w1 !n1 be=e ,i
 consid] x1 fir/ premise1 t s9ce x has  
be5 h]et(ore abundantly made evid5t1 t !
 ,messiah ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 n to      
suff]1 & die1 b to live & reign1 x is   
accord+ to ! rules ( s\nd criticism1 &  

,i ?9k s\nd !ology too1 to int]pret ?is 
solit>y passage1 s t x may n contradict 
v _m o!rs ( a directly contr>y import4  
,n[1 if ?is passage c relate only to !  
,messiah1 x w ?r[ into utt] confusion ! 
:ole s*eme ( ! prophetical scriptures4  
,b if x c be made to appe>1 t x does n  
necess>ily relate to him2 if x c1       
consi/5tly ) ! context1 be o!rwise      
appli$1 ! :ole difficulty vani%es4 ,n[1 
! au?ors ( ! ,new ,te/am5t h appli$ ?is 
prophecy to ! ,messiah1 & to ,jesus z ! 
,messiah2 & = do+ s1 !y h be5 accus$ (  
misapplication ( x-f ! e>lie/ times2    
s9ce we "k f ,orig51 t ! ,jews ( 8 "t   
d]id$ ! ,*ri/ians = rely+ ^u ?is        
prophecy2 alleg+ t x relat$ to _! own   
nation1 & 0 a prophecy ( _! suff]+ &    
p]secut$ /ate1 & ( _! ultimate          
emancipation & happ9ess4 ,& ?is         
int]pretation ( ! prophecy ! le>n$      
,vitr+a1 9 8 comm5t>y ^u ,is4 9 loc41   
all[s to be ! mo/ respectable he _h met 
) among ! ,jews1 &1 accord+ to him1 to  
be by no means dispis$4  ,9 ord] t !    

fitness or unfitness ( ?is application (
 ! prophecy may be made app>5t1 &       
evid5t1 we w new lay be=e ! read] ?is   
fam\s prophecy1 "p by "p1 ea* "p        
accompani$ by ! ,jewi% int]pretation4   
,isaiah lii4 #ac1 ,behold1 my s]vant    
%all prosp]1 he %all be exalt$1 &       
extoll$1 & be v high4                   
,int]pretation--,my s]vant ,israel1 ?\gh
 he be 9 great affliction = a "t1 yet   
h]eaft] %all be releas$ f captivity1 &  
be hon\r$ & rais$ to elevation v high   
among ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,t ! ,jewi%    
nation is spok5 (1 9 ! s+ul> numb] & "u 
! title ( ,gods s]vant frequ5tly 9 !    
,old ,te/am5t1 is well kn[n1 & w be "h  
made c]ta9 by a few examples4 ,isaiah   
xli4 7! *apt] prec$+ ! prophecy17 ,b ?\ 
,israel my s]vant1 ?\1 ,jacob1 :om ,i h 
*os51 pres5tly aft]w>ds1 say+ to !e1 ?\ 
art my s]vant4 ,aga91 *apt] xliv4-- ,n[1
 !re=e1 he> ,jacob my s]vant1 & s       
frequ5tly 9 ! same *apt]4 ,see also *4  
xlv41 & ,j]4 *4 xxx41 & ,ps4 cxxxvi41 & 
,isaiah ?r\gh\t1 = simil> examples4  ,& 

_m 7 a/oni%$ at !e 78 visage 0 s m>r$ m 
?an any man1 & 8 =m m ?an ! sons ( m547 
,t is--,& _m 7 a/oni%$ at !e1 on acc\nt 
( ?y abject /ate1 & mis]able condition1 
be+ squalid ) mis]y1 & suff]+ m ?an any 
m54  ,s %all he spr9kle _m nations1 !   
k+s %all %ut _! m\?s at him2 = t :i* _h 
n be5 told !m1 %all !y see1 & t :i* !y  
_h n he>d1 %all !y consid]4             
,int]pretation--,z ! ,g5tiles wond]$ at 
_! abject /ate1 s z to make !m a prov]b 
( reproa*1 s %all !y admire at _!       
wond]ful *ange ( circum/ances1 f ! dep? 
( degradation to ! height ( prosp]ity & 
hon\r4 ,s t !y %all lay _! h&s ^u _!    
m\?s1 :i* _h be=etime reproa*$ !m1 :5 !y
 %all see _! felicity to be s f> beyond 
:at _h be5 told !m1 & !y %all att5tively
 consid] x1 & !y %all say to ea* o!r--  
,:o ha? believ$ our report1 & ! arm ( ! 
,"l to :om 0 x reveal$8 ,= he grew up   
,hebrew1 n he %all gr[ up1 z 9 ! ,engli%
 v]sion be=e him z a t5d] plant1 & z a  
root out ( a dry soil2 he _h no =m nor  
comel9ess2 & :5 we saw him1 !re 0 no    

beauty t we %\ld desire him4  ,! s5se   
is--,! ,g5tiles %all say to ea* o!r 9   
wond]1 ,:o believ$ :at we he>d conc]n+  
!m8 ,& to :om 0 ! int]e/ ! ,"l took 9 !m
 made kn[n8 ,= x 0 a dispis$ p1 feeble1 
& wret*$1 l a t5d] plant spr++ up out ( 
a ?ir/y soil4 ,_! appe>ance 0 abject1 & 
!re 0 no?+ attractive 9 _! mann]s4  ,he 
0 despis$ & reject$ ( m51 a man ( sorr[s
 & acqua9t$ ) grief3 & we hid1 z x 71   
our faces f him2 he 0 despis$1 & we     
e/eem$ him n4  ,t is--,!y 7 despis$1 &  
held 9 abhorr5ce3 !y 7 m5 ( sorr[1 &    
famili> ) suff]+4 ,we look$ ^u !m )     
dislike3 we hid our faces f !m1 & e/eem$
 !m n4  ,surely he ha? borne our griefs1
 & c>ri$ our sorr[s4                    
,int]pretation--,surely _! suff]+s are z
 great z if !y _h borne ! s9s ( ! :ole  
_w2 or1 !y are1 nev]!less1 ! means      
appo9t$ to remove ! suff]+s ( an        
afflict$ _w1 = ,god ha? connect$        
univ]sal happ9ess ) _! prosp]ity2 & !   
end ( _! suff]+s1 is ! beg9n+ ( our     
joys4  ,yet did we e/eem him smitt5 (   

,god1 & afflict$4                       
,int]pretation--,nev]!less1 we consid]$ 
!m z a ,god- ab&on$ race1 & devot$ to   
wret*$ness by him1 = hav+ crucifi$ _!   
k+4  ,b he 0 w\nd$ = or by our          
transgressions1 he 0 bruis$ = or by our 
iniquities3 ! *a/isem5t ( our peace 0 ^u
 him2 & ?r\gh 8 /ripes we are heal$4  ,t
 is--,b1 in/ead ( be+ ! victims ( ,gods 
wra?1 !y 7 w\nd$ ?r\gh our cruelty1 !y 7
 bruis$ by our iniquit\s treatm5t1 we   
be+ suff]$ to d s1 to *a/ise !m = _!    
s9s1 & to prove _! ob$i5ce2 & ?is       
*a/isem5t is t by :i* our peace is to be
 effect$2 = _! *a/isem5t & probation be+
 f9i%$4 ,god w by !m imp>t & diffuse    
peace & happ9ess4  ,all we l %eep h gone
 a/ray1 we1 h turn$ e "o to 8 own way1 &
 ! ,"l ha? caus$ to meet ^u him !       
iniquity ( u all4  ,b x is we :o h s9n$ 
m ?an !y3 we h all gone a/ray 9 our     
ignorance1 be+ )\t ! k ( ,god1 or ( 8   
law4 ,yet ! ,"l ha? p]mitt$ u to make !m
 ! subjects ( our oppressive iniquity4  
,he 0 oppress$1 or expos$ to pecuni>y   

exactions & he 0 afflict$1 yet he op5$ n
 8 m\?3 he 0 br\ght z a lamb to !       
slaught]2 & z a %eep be=e h] %e>]s is   
dumb1 s he op5$1 n 8 m\?4 ,he 0 tak5 f  
prison & f judgm5t1 & :o %all decl>e 8  
g5]ation1 into 8 mann] ( life1 :o /oope?
 to look8 accord+ to ! ,hebrew = he 0   
cut (f out ( ! l& ( ! liv+2 =1 or by !  
transgression ( my p 0 he /rick54 ,& he 
made 8 grave ) ! wick$2 b ) ! ri* 7 8   
dea?s1 or tomb because he _h done no    
viol5ce1 nei!r 0 deceit 9 8 m\?4        
,int]pretation--,h[ passive & unresi/+ 7
 !y1 :5 oppress$6--,!y 7 afflict$1 & !y 
compla9$ n2 :5 ?r\gh false accusations1 
& mi/ak5 cruelty !y 7 plund]$1 &        
condemn$ to die1 !y w5t l a ,iamb to !  
slaught]1 & z a %eep be=e h] %e>]s is   
dumb1 s !y op5$ n _! m\?4 ,!y 7 tak5 f !
 dungeon to be sla91 !y 7 wantonly      
massacr$1 & e man 0 _! foe2 & ! cause ( 
! suff]]s :o condesc5d$ to exam9e2 = by 
! ?\ghtless crimes ( my p1 !y suff]$4   
,yet not)/&+ _! graves 7 appo9t$ ) !    
wick$2 yet !y 7 ri* 9 _! dea?s4 ,?is did

 ,god grant !m1 because !y _h n done    
iniquity4  ,rabbi ,isaac1 au?or ( !     
fam\s ,munim5 ,fidei1 r5d]s !           
orig9al--on acc\nt ( impieties 0 he giv5
 to 8 sepul*re1 & on acc\nt ( 8 ri*es 0 
8 dea?1 because he did no viol5ce1 nei!r
 0 deceit 9 8 m\?--:i* he int]prets     
?us3--,we 7! =m] speak]s7 rais$ aga9/ !m
 false accusations ( impiety1 on acc\nt 
( _! religion1 & refus+ to wor%ip our   
idols2 b _! ri*es 0 ! real cause :y we  
put !m to dea?4 ,nev]!less1 !y us$ no   
viol5ce 9 opposition to our oppressions1
 nei!r w\ld !y =sake _! religion1 &     
deceitfully ass5t to ours 9 hypocrisy499
  ,yet x pleas$ ! ,"l to bruise him3 he 
ha? put him to grief4 ,:5 ?\ %alt make 8
 s\l a propitiation = s91 he %all see 8 
se$1 he %all prolong 8 days1 & !        
pleasure ( ! ,"l %all prosp] 9 8 h&s4   
,?is proves t ?is prophecy _c ref] to   
any individual1 b may ref] to ! ,jewi%  
nation1 because "o individual _c be put 
to dea?1 & yet see 8 se$1 & prolong 8   
days4 ,aft] or on acc\nt ( ! travail ( 8

 s\l1 see+ he %all be satisfi$1 by 8 k  
%all my righte\s s]vant make _m righte\s
 or %[ !m righte\sness1 & he %all be> ! 
burd5 ( _! iniquities4  ,t is--,aft] & =
 _! suff]+s1 !y %all be abundantly      
rew>d$2 by _! sup]ior k ( religi\s tru?1
 %all !y make _m wise1 = _m nations %all
 g1 & say1 come ye1 & let u asc5d to !  
m\nt ( ! ,"l1 & to ! h\se ( ! ,god (    
,jacob1 t he may tea* u 8 ways--,mic4   
iv4 *4  ,:]e=e1 ,i w give him a portion 
) ! great1 & ) ! mighty %all he divide !
 spoil1 because he p\r$ out 8 life unto 
dea?1 & 0 numb]$ ) ! transgressors1 &   
himself be> ! s9 ( _m1 & int]c$$ = !    
transgressors4  ,int]pretation--,!re=e1 
_! rew>d %all be exce$+ great1 because =
 ! sake ( _! duty1 !y will+ly expos$    
!mselves to dea?1 & 7 acc\nt$ z         
transgressors1 & bore ! cruel           
afflictions inflict$ by _m1 & made      
int]cession = !m :o afflict$ !m4  ,su*  
is ! explication giv5 by ! ,jews ( ?is  
prophecy4 ,i h made no important        
alt]ations ( ! common ,engli%           

translation2 except1 t 9 "s passages1 ,i
 h made x m con=mable to ! orig9al by   
sub/itut+ a v]b 9 ! pa/ t5se1 in/ead (  
leav+ x 9 ! future1 z 9 ! ,engli%       
v]sion4 ,^? translators h tak5 c]ta9    
lib]ties 9 ?is respect to make ?is      
prophecy 7& sev]al o!rs7 m accordant to 
_! own views1 :i* are n support$ by !   
,hebrew3 _m ( ^! expressions1 h[ev]1 we 
h left unalt]$1 z !y are q h>mless4 ,b  
if any ( our read]s desire fur!r        
in=mation ) reg>d to ! propriety ( ?is  
int]pretation ( ?is prophecy ( ,isaiah1 
we ref] him to ! ,munim5 ,fidei1 conta9$
 9 ,wag5seil's ,tela ,ignea1 :]e he w   
f9d x amply illu/rat$1 & def5d$4 ,"h1 9 
?is "w1 we %all cont5t ourselves )      
prov+1 t ?is prophecy c by no means     
relate to ,jesus1 f ^!                  
circum/ances3--#a4 ,jesus c]ta9ly 0 n   
exalt$ & magnifi$1 & made v great ^u    
e>?1 :i*1 z has be5 %[n1 0 to be ! sc5e 
( ! exaltation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t        
,messiah2 b 0 put to a cruel &          
disgraceful dea?4 #b4 ,he 0 n oppress$  

by pecuni>y exactions1 z is said ( !    
subject ( ?is prophecy4 #c4 ,he 0 nev]  
tak5 f prison to die1 = he 0 nev] 9 "o4 
#d4 ,he did n see 8 se$1 nor prolong 8  
days1 s9ce he di$ *ildless2 & we w n    
p]mit ! ^w se$ to be spiritualiz$ on ?is
 occasion1 = ! ^w se$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1
 means no?+ else1 ?an lit]ally *ildr51  
:i* x is n pret5d$ he ev] _h2 & h[ c\ld 
he prolong 8 days1 :5 he 0 cut (f 9 8   
#cc;d ye>4 #e4 ,besides1 :o 7 ! /rong & 
mighty1 ) :om he divid$ ! spoil8 ,7 !y !
 twelve fi%]m5 ( ,galilee8 & :at 0 !    
spoil divid$8 ,9 a ^w1 ! lit]al         
application ( ?is prophecy to ,jesus is 
n[ giv5 up by ! mo/ le>n$ ,hebrew       
s*ol>s1 :o all[1 t ! lit]al s5se ( !    
orig9al c nev] be und]/ood ( him4 ,see  
,prie/leys notes on ! scriptures1 9     
loco2 & ! context be=e & aft]4  ,we h n[
 come to ! la/ subject propos$ to be    
consid]$ 9 ?is *apt]1 viz41 ,daniels    
prophecy ( ! sev5ty weeks1 ! in/> omnium
 ( ! prophetical pro(s ( ,*ri/ianity1 & 
:i* 0 = ages held up to ! view ( !      

unbeliev+ race1 z cutt+ (f beyond d\bt  
_! hope ( ,israel f ev] appe>+1 s9ce !  
"t s di/9ctly =etold _h elaps$4 ,b su*  
is ! in/ability ( human op9ions1 t x 0  
at l5g? suspect$1 & at la/ asc]ta9$-by !
 le>n$1 t ! /ubborn ,israelites _h "s   
reason = d5y+ t prophecy1 any voice 9 ! 
affair4  ,dur+ _m ye>s1 "o le>n$ man    
aft] ano!r1 _h amus$ himself ) de/roy+ !
 sy/em ( 8 pr$ecessor1 & replac+ x ) 8  
own1 n a :it bett]1 b t5d+ to ! same    
end1 viz41 to make ! prophecy ( ! sev5ty
 weeks tally & fit ) ! ev5t ( !         
crucifixion4 ,at l5g? ,m>%am1 a le>n$   
,engli%man1 decl>$1 & demon/rat$1 t 8   
pr$ecessors1 9 ?is enquiry1 _h be5      
grossly mi/ak51 = t ! prophecy 9 all its
 p>ts 0 totally irrelevant &            
irreconcileable ) ! "t ( ! crucifixion4 
,! appe>ance ( 8 book put all !         
!ologians ( t age 9 an upro>6 ,b _m     
le>n$ ,*ri/ians 9 ! la/1 & pres5t1      
c5tury1 n[ freely ackn[l$ge1 t ,daniel  
is n on _! side1 b z mu* a ,jew z 8     
bre?r54  ,?is celebrat$ prophecy1       

lit]ally translat$ f ! orig9al1 is z    
foll[s3--,dan4 ix4 #bd1 c4--,sev5ty     
weeks are det]m9$ ^u ?y p1 & ^u ?y holy 
city1 to f9i% ! transgression1 & to make
 an end ( s9s1 & to make reconciliation 
= iniquity1 & to br+ 9 ev]la/+          
righte\sness1 & to seal ! vision &      
prophecy1 & to ano9t ! mo/ ,holy1 i4 e41
 ! sanctum sanctorum1 or ,holy (        
,holies4 ,"k1 !re=e1 & und]/&1 t f ! go+
 =? ( ! ^w to re/ore & build ,j]usalem1 
unto ! ano9t$ pr9ce1 %all be sev5 weeks2
 & 797 ?reescore & two weeks1 ! /reet   
%all be built aga91 & ! wall1 ev5 9     
tr\bl\s times4 ,& aft] ?reescore & two  
weeks %all ! ano9t$ 7"o7 be cut (f1 & be
 )\t a successor2 7,heb4 & n1 or none to
 him7 & ! city & ! sanctu>y %all be     
de/roy$ by ! p ( ! pr9ce t %all come2 & 
! end !re( %all be ) a flood1 & unto !  
end ( ! w> desolations are det]m9$4 ,&  
he %all confirm ! cov5ant ) _m = "o     
week1 & half ! week 7i4 e41 9 ! mid/ ( !
 week7 he %all cause ! sacrifice & !    
oblation to cease1 & = ! ov]spread+ (   

abom9ations he %all make x desolate1 ev5
 until ! consummation & t 7is7 det]m9$1 
be p\r$ ^u ! desolate8  ,?is is !       
prophecy on :i* su* /ress has be5 laid1 
z po9t+ out ! precise "t ( ! com+ ( !   
,messiah2 & ,i %all fully demon/rate t x
 ha? n ! mo/ di/ant ref]5ce to t ev5t4  
,& = ! bett] explanation ( ! prophecy1 x
 is prop] t we att5d a little to !      
context4  99,9 ! prec$+ *apt] ( ,daniel 
x is said1 t :5 ,daniel 0 in=m$ ( !     
vision ( ! two ?\s& & ?ree hundr$ days1 
he s\ght = ! mean+2 b n rightly und]/&+ 
x1 he judg$1 t t great numb] 0 a        
contradiction to ! ^w ( ,god z deliv]$  
by ,j]emiah1 conc]n+ ! r$emption at !   
end ( sev5ty ye>s2 7,j]4 xxv4 #aa1 #ab1 
& *4 xxix4 #aj7 & f !nce he conclud$ t !
 captivity 0 prolong$ on acc\nt ( ! s9s 
( ! nation4 ,?is d\bt arose f 8 n       
und]/&+ ! prophecy1 &1 !re=e1 ! angel   
said unto him1--,i am n[ come =? to give
 !e skill & und]/&+4 ,& he proce$s to   
in=m him1 t z soon z he began to pray1 &
 ,god saw1 8 p]plexity1 ! royal comm&   

w5t =? f him1 t he %\ld come to ,daniel 
to make him und]/& ! tru? ( ^? matt]s1 t
 7 to come to pass 9 future "t4 ,& z !  
angel ,gabriel _h expla9$ to him !      
vision f :5ce 8 d\bt arose1 x 0 incumb5t
 on him to p]fect ! explanation2 & t is 
:at is meant by ! expression to %[1 i4  
e41 z ,i began ! explanation1 ! comm&m5t
 01 t ,i %\ld f9i% x4  ,be=e ,i proce$  
to give ! ,jewi% explanation ( !        
prophecy1 x is prop] to %[ 9 :at mann] !
 answ] ( ! angel 9 x1 agre$ to ,daniels 
"q1 & also ! reason ( 8 us+ ! t]m weeks1
 & n ye>s1 or times1 z 9 ! o!r visions4 
,x appe>s1 t ,daniel1 f ! words (       
,j]emiah1 p]ceiv$ t ,god4 w\ld visit all
 ! nations1 & puni% !m = _! s9s1 z may  
be obs]v$ f ! foll[+ words3--,?us sai? !
 ,"l ,god ( ,israel unto me1 ,take ! w9e
 cup ( ?is fury at my h&1 & cause all ! 
nations to :om ,i s5d !e1 to dr9k x--   
,j]1 xxv4 #ae4 ,he !n m5tions fir/      
,j]usalem1 aft]w>ds ! k+ ( ,egypt1      
,tyre1 ,sidon1 & all ! ,isles beyond !  
sea1 & _m o!rs2 & at la/ ! k+ ( ,%e%ak1 

or ,babylon4  ,he also fur!r p]ceiv$1 t 
! visitation ( ea* nation w\ld be at !  
end ( sev5ty ye>s1 z ,isaiah obs]ves (  
,tyre3 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 t
 ,tyre %all be =gott5 sev5ty ye>s4      
,isaiah xxiii4 #ae1 ! same ( ,babylon3  
,& x %all come to pass1 :5 sev5ty ye>s  
are accompli%$1 ,i w puni% ! ,k+ (      
,babylon4 ,j]4 xxv4 #ab1 ,& z x is      
obs]v$ 9 ! next v]se3 ,all t is writt5 9
 ?is book :i* ,j]emiah ha? propheci$1   
aga9/ all ! nations4 ,f :5ce x appe>s1 t
 z ! visitation ( ,babylon 0 to be      
sev5ty ye>s1 s 0 t ( ! o!r nations to   
be2 = s _h ! wisdom ( ,god decre$ to    
wait accord+ to ?is numb]4 ,= :i*       
reason1 & because ! prophets say t !    
re/oration ( ,israel is to be           
contemporane\s ) ! de/ruction ( _!      
enemies1 ,daniel appe>s to h4 judg$1 t !
 s9s ( 8 nation w\ld be done away by !  
sev5ty ye>s ( ! captivity ( ,babylon2 &1
 !re=e1 ! angel in=m$ him ( 8 error1 by 
tell+ him1 t ?is 0 n to be ! case ) 8   
nation1 = t _! wick$ness 0 come up be=e 

,god1 & _! s9 0 v griev\s2 & t1 !re=e1  
_! s9s w\ld n be aton$ = by sev5ty ye>s1
 z 9 ! case ( ! re/ ( ! nations1 to :om 
he all[$ sev5ty ye>s to see if !y w\ld  
rep5t2 &1 if n1 !n he w\ld puni% !m4 ,b 
z = ,israel1 he w\ld n only wait sev5ty 
ye>s1 b sev5 times sev5ty ye>s2 7= ?us x
 is lit]ally1 9 ! ,hebrew1 ! words      
translat$ sev5ty weeks1 are1 lit]ally1  
sev5ty sev5s7 aft] :i*1 if !y _h n      
rep5t$ & re=m$1 _! k+dom %\ld be cut (f1
 & !y return into captivity1 to f9i% an 
atonem5t = _! transgressions4 ,h5ce !   
cause ( ,daniel's "q is evid5t2 & !     
propriety ( ! angels answ] to ! "q1 is  
manife/2 z also ! expression ( weeks or 
sev5s4  ,^! sev5ty weeks are1 )\t d\bt1 
f\r hundr$ & n9ety ye>s1 ! "t elaps$ f !
 de/ruction ( ! fir/ temple1 till !     
de/ruction ( ! second4  ,?is1 x seems1 0
 ! m necess>y = ! angel to in=m him (2  
because ,daniel judg$1 t aft] _! return 
f ,babylon1 by means ( t visitation     
only1 all _! s9s w\ld be done away4 ,=  
:i* reason ! angel %[$ him t x w\ld n be

 s1 = ! return f ,babylon 0 n a p]fect  
r$emption1 because !re 0 n a g5]al      
collection ( all t 7 9 captivity1 ev5   
all ! tribes1 save only a few ( ,judah &
 ,b5jam91 & ^? n ! mo/ respectable4 ,&  
aft] _! return1 !y 7 n free1 b 7 "u !   
dom9ion ( ! ,p]sians1 ,greeks & ,romans4
 ,& al?\gh !y1 at "o "t1 ?rew (f _!     
yoke1 & _h k+s ( ! ,asmonean & ,h]odean 
families1 yet 0 !re no k+ among !m ( !  
se$ ( ,david1 nei!r _h !y ! ,%e*9ah1 nor
 ! ,urim & ,?ummim1 all :i* is a        
manife/ation t x 0 n a p]fect r$emption1
 b only a visitation1 ) :i* ,god 0      
pleas$ to visit !m2 s t !y 7 all[$ to   
build a temple to ! ,"l1 by ! p]mission 
( ,cyrus1 & accord+ to ! measure giv5 by
 him4 ,?is 0 t !y might be ! bett]      
enabl$ to d ! works ( rep5tance dur+ !  
"t all[$1 & ?us make atonem5t1 & ?us    
f9i% ! transgression1 & make an end (   
s9s1 & make reconciliation = iniquity2 &
 ?us1 at ! end ( ! "t assign$1 ev5      
sev5ty weeks1 !y w\ld br+ 9 ev]la/+     
righte\sness1 i4e41 univ]sal virtue &   

felicity1 ?r\gh\t ! _w1 :5 ! ,et]nal    
%\ld be kn[n1 wor%ipp$1 & obey$ by all  
mank9d4 ,b if !y did n rep5t1 & am5d1 if
 !y did evil1 z _! fa!rs1 !n _! k+dom 0 
to be cut (f at ! expiration ( ! sev5ty 
weeks2 :i*1 9 fact1 took place4  ,aft] !
 angel _h ?us express$ himself 9 g5]al  
t]ms1 he desc5d$ to p>ticul>s2 & laid   
d[n ?ree propositions 7if ,i may be     
all[$ ! t]m17 or p]iods4  ,fir/4 ,"k1   
!re=e1 & und]/&1 7t7 f ! go+ =? ( ! ^w  
to re/ore & build ,j]usalem1 unto !     
ano9t$ pr9ce1 7%all be7 sev5 weeks4  ,t 
is1 x %all be sev5 weeks or =ty n9e ye>s
 f ! de/ruction ( ! fir/ temple1 to     
,cyrus1 ! ano9t$ pr9ce1 :o %all give    
leave to build ! second4 ,) reg>d to !  
import ( ! phrase ! go+ =? ( ! ^w1 ,i   
ref] ! read] to ,levi's ,lett]s to      
,prie/ley1 & %all "h only conc]n myself 
) settl+ ! mean+ ( ! expression ( !     
ano9t$ pr9ce4 ,_m ,*ri/ians h object$ to
 ! t]m ,messiah1 or ano9t$1 be+ appli$1 
z 9 our int]pretation to ,cyrus a hea!n 
pr9ce2 & !y apply x !mselves to ,jesus (

 ,naz>e?4 ,b t ! t]m1 or appellation1   
,messiah1 c be appli$ to ,cyrus1 is     
evid5t2 s9ce we f9d x s appli$ by ,god  
himself 9 ! xlv4 *4 ( ,isaiah4 ,?us sai?
 ! ,"l to 8 ano9t$1 to ,cyrus4 #b4 ,x is
 a s+ul> fact1 t ! appellation ,messiah 
is nev] appli$ to ! expect$ deliv]] ( ! 
,israelites 9 ! :ole bible1 except1     
p]haps1 9 ii4 ,psalm4 ,x is an          
appellation indiff]5tly appli$ to k+s1 &
 prie/s1 & prophets2 to all :o 7 ano9t$1
 z an induction into _! (fice1 & has    
no?+ 9 x peculi> & exclusive2 b !       
application ( x to ! expect$ deliv]] (  
,israel1 orig9at$ 9 & f ! ,t>gums4 #c4  
,9 ord] to make ?is prophecy1 & ?is     
phrase1 ,messiah ! pr9ce1 or ! ano9t$   
pr9ce1 apply to ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1       
,*ri/ians connect1 & jo9 toge!r1 ?is    
fir/ memb] ( ! prophecy ) ! second1 9   
op5 defiance ( ! orig9al ,hebrew2 & aft]
 all1 !y c reap no b5efit f ?is         
manoeuvre2 = ! t]m ,messiah ,nagid1 or !
 ano9t$ pr9ce1 c nev] apply to ,jesus1 9
 ?is place1 at any rate2 because he     

c]ta9ly 0 no pr9ce or ,nagid1 a ^w :i* 9
 ! ,hebrew bible always1 )\t exception1 
d5otes a pr9ce1 or rul]1 "o inve/$ )    
temporal au?ority1 or supreme comm&4    
,n[1 z x is all[$ on all h&s1 t ,jesus  
_h no su* temporal p[]1 z a pr9ce1 or   
rul]2 x1 consequ5tly1 foll[s1 t he c by 
no means be ! ano9t$ pr9ce m5tion$ 9 !  
prophecy4  ,second ,p]iod4 ,& 797       
?reescore & two weeks1 ! /reet %all be  
built aga91 & ! wall1 ev5 9 tr\bl\s     
times1  ,"h ! angel gave him to und]/&1 
t aft] ! sev5 weeks be=e m5tion$1 !re   
w\ld come a "t 9 :i* ! build+ w\ld be   
h9d]$1 7& :i* 0 on acc\nt ( ! lett]     
writt5 by ,rheum & ,%im%ai to           
,artax]xes1 :o1 9 consequ5ce !re(1 made 
! build+ to cease-,see ,ezra &          
,nehemiah7 till ! second ye> ( ,d>ius1  
:o gave leave to f9i% ! build+3 :i*     
cont9u$ till ! de/ruction by ! ,romans1 
sixty-two weeks1 beside ! la/ week1 at !
 beg9n+ ( :i*1 ! ,romans came1 & w>r$   
aga9/ !m1 & at l5g? entirely de/roy$ !  
cities ( ,judah1 ,j]usalem1 & ! temple4 

,=1 f ! "t t ,cyrus fir/ gave leave to  
build ! temple1 till its completion1 0  
tw5ty-"o ye>s2 & its duration1 f\r      
hundr$ & tw5ty2 9 ! :ole1 sixty-?ree    
weeks1 or f\r hundr$ & =ty "o ye>s4 ,b !
 angel made 8 division at sixty-two     
weeks1 z he aft]w>ds describ$ :at 0 to  
come to pass 9 ! la/ week 7& ) reason1 =
 ! horrible ,jewi% w> la/$ sev5 ye>s67  
,& by ! words1 9 tr\bl\s times1 he in=m$
 ,daniel1 t dur+ ! build+ ( ! temple1 !y
 w\ld h cont9ual tr\ble & al>ms f _!    
enemies1 z is m5tion$ 9 ,ezra &         
,nehemiah1 :]e we f9d1 t :ile "s work$1 
! o!rs held ! %ield & spe>4 ,& ev5 aft] 
f9i%+ x1 !y 7 almo/ cont9ually 9 tr\ble1
 & p]secut$1 z is evid5t f ! books (    
,maccabees1 & f ,josephus4  ,?ird       
,p]iod4 ,& aft] ?reescore & two weeks   
%all ! ano9t$ be cut (f1 & h no         
successor--,heb4 & n1 or1 none1 to      
him--& ! city & ! sanctu>y %all be      
de/roy$ by ! p ( ! pr9ce t %all come2 & 
! end !re( %all be ) a flood1 & unto !  
end ( ! w> desolations are det]m9$4  ,t 

is1 & aft] t p]iod1 %all ! ,high ,prie/ 
7or ! ano9t$ "o7 be cut (f--,! ,high    
,prie/ is call$ ,messiah1 witness ,lev4 
iv4 #c--;,if ! ,messiah ,prie/1 7or     
ano9t$ prie/7 do? s91 c4--& h no        
successor2 & ! city & ! temple %all be  
de/roy$ by ,titus & ! ,romans1 & until !
 end ( ! w>1 y\r c\ntry %all be swept ) 
! besom ( de/ruction4  ,! angel f9i%es !
 prophecy ) ^! words3--,& he 7! pr9ce t 
%all come7 %all /r5g!n ! cov5ant ) _m1 =
 "o week4 ,& 9 ! mid/ ( ! week 7i4 e41 !
 sev5tie? & la/ week17 he %all cause !  
sacrifice & ! oblation to cease4  ,?is  
pr$iction 0 fully accompli%$2 = #a4     
,titus1 ! pr9ce t %\ld come1 0          
cont9ually (f]+ peace to ! ,jews1 & tri$
 to /r5g!n ! cov5ant--i4 e41 _! old     
treaties made ) ! ,romans1 & 9 fact did 
br+ ov] _m4 #b4 ,on acc\nt ( ! di/ress (
 ! siege1 ! daily sacrifice did 9 fact  
cease to be (f]$ 9 ! temple "s "t be=e  
its de/ruction2 & ! angel fur!r obs]ves1
 t all ?is 0 to come ^u !m = _! s9s1 = !
 ov]spread+ ( abom9ations1 x %\ld be    

made desolate4  ,?is is :at appe>s to be
 a pla9 & fair explication ( ?is        
prophecy2 b s9ce ,*ri/ians1 see+ m5tion 
made 9 x ( a ,messiah to be cut (f1 h   
eag]ly endeav\r$ to press x into _!     
s]vice1 x rema9s = me to %[1 t x is     
impossible to make ?is prophecy ref] to 
! cutt+ (f ( ,jesus4  ,! difficulty t   
le>n$ ,*ri/ians h met )1 9 _! attempts  
to d ?is1 w be easily conceiv$ by any   
p]son1 :5 he kn[s1 t m ?an a doz5       
diff]5t hypo!ses h be5 fram$ by !m = t  
purpose2 b t !y h lo/ _! lab\r1 w be    
obvi\s f ?is s+le obs]vation1 t ! ano9t$
 "o1 or ,messiah1 :o1 ! prophet says1 0 
to be cut (f1 0 to be cut (f ,,aft] !   
?reescore & two weeks1 i4 e41 at !      
de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 or )9 ! sev5    
ye>s prec$+ t ev5t6 ,n[1 we "k f !      
,evangeli/s1 &2 f pr(ane hi/ory1 t      
,jesus 0 crucifi$ m ?an =ty ye>s be=e ! 
de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 ,9 addition to  
?is1 no?+ ne$ be said1 = ?is circum/ance
 lays flat _! int]pretation at "o /roke4
  ,^? :o desire to see a m elaborate    

discussion ( ?is prophecy1 & an ample   
def5ce ( ?is int]pretation1 are ref]r$  
to ,levis ,lett]s1 to ,prie/ly2 & ^? :o 
are desir\s ( see+ an acc\nt ( ! v>i\s1 
contradictory1 p]plex$ & multitud9\s    
contrivances1 by :i* x has be5 endeav\r$
 to apply ?is prophecy to ,jesus1 are   
ref]r$ to ,prideaux1 ,mi*aelis1 &       
,blayney4  ,we h n[ gone ?r\gh an       
exam9ation ( ! evid5ce adduc$ f !       
prophets ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 to prove t  
,jesus is ! ,messiah ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 
& ^? ( our read]s :o love tru?1 are1 we 
tru/1 n[ made s5sible t ! religion ( !  
,new ,te/am5t1 if built ^u su* pro(s z  
^!1 is1 evid5tly1 f\nd$ on--a mi/ake4   
,,*apt] ,,viii4  ,,/atem5t ,,(          
,,argum5ts ,,:i* ,,prove ,,t ,,jesus ,,0
 ,,n ,,! ,,messiah ,,( ,,! ,,old        
,,te/am5t4  ,mo/ ( our read]s h1 no     
d\bt1 he>d f ! pulpit1 _m exclamations &
 declamations aga9/ ! bl9dness ( !      
,jews1 9 n recogniz+ _! ,messiah 9      
,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,! reasons ( ?is      
bl9dness are made1 ,i ?9k1 by ?is "t    

pretty intelligible4  ,nev]!less1 = !   
fur!r satisfaction ( ! read]1 ,i w "h   
set d[n ! pr9cipal reasons giv5 by      
,rabbi ,isaac1 9 8 ,munim5 ,fidei1 :i*  
cause ! ,jews to d5y ! ,messiah%ip (    
,jesus4  ,at a c]ta9 "t1 7says he17 a   
c]ta9 le>n$ man ( ! wise m5 ( !         
,*ri/ians said unto me3--,:]e=e are y   
,jews unwill+ to believe ,jesus (       
,naz>e? to be ! ,messiah1 :5 yet y\r    
v]itable prophets te/ifi$ ( him1 ^:     
words y pr(ess to h fai? 94  ,i gave him
 ?is answ]4 ,h[1 ,i require1 c\ld we    
believe him to be ! ,messiah1 :5 y c    
produce no g5u9e pro( f ! prophets 9 8  
fav\r1 s9ce all ^? ?+s adduc$ by !      
evangeli/s f !m1 to prove ,jesus !      
,messiah1 are no?+ to ! purpose8 ,& we h
 _m & evid5t reasons to prove t he 0 n !
 ,messiah4 ,& ( ^!1 ,i w br+ =w>d a few1
 aris+1 #a1 ,f 8 g5ealogy4 #b4 ,f 8     
works4 #c4 ,f ! "t ( 8 appe>+4 #d4 ,f ! 
prophecies ( ! ?+s to take place 9 ! "t 
( ! ,messiah n hav+ se5 fulfill$ 9 8    
age4 ,& 9 ^! ?+s are conta9$ ! g5u9e    

m>ks *>act]i/ic ( our ,messiah4  #a4 ,z 
to :at conc]ns 8 g5ealogy2 x does n     
prove ?is necess>y ?+1 t ,jesus 0 ! son 
( ,david1 because he 0 n begott5 by     
,joseph1 z ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w te/ifies2 
= 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( x1 x is writt51 t    
,jesus 0 born ( ,m>y :5 %e 0 yet a      
virg91 & _h n be5 kn[n by ,joseph2 :i*  
?+s be+ s1 ! g5ealogy ( ,joseph has no?+
 to d ) ,jesus4 ,! desc5t & orig9 (     
,m>y1 is /ill less kn[n1 b x seems f    
,lukes call+ ,elizabe?1 :o 0 ( ,levi1 h]
 c\s91 t ,m>y 0 ( ! tribe ( ,levi1 & n (
 ,judah1 &1 consequ5tly1 n ( ,david2 &1 
if %e 71 /ill ,jesus is n ! m ! son (   
,david2 desc5ts be+ reckon$ f ! males   
only4 ,nei!r is ! g5ealogy ( ,joseph    
rightly d$uc$ f ,david1 b lab\rs "u     
great difficulties4 ,mat!w1 & ,luke     
also1 n only disagree1 b irreconcilably 
& flatly contradict ea* o!r1 9 _!       
g5ealogies ( ,joseph4 ,n[1 x _c be t !  
te/imony ( two witnesses1 :o directly   
contradict ea* o!r 9 ! matt] to be prov$
 by !m1 c be receiv$ z true4 ,b !       

prophets h direct$ u to expect no       
,messiah b "o born ( ! se$ ( ,david4    
#b4 ,z to ! works ( ,jesus1 we object to
 :at he said conc]n+ himself3--,d n     
consid] me z come to e/abli% peace on   
e>?1 = ,i h come to s5d a sword1 & to   
sep>ate ! son f ! fa!r1 & ! daught] f h]
 "m1 & ! daught]-9-law f h] "m-9-law1   
:i* words are writt5 9 ,mat4 *4 x4 ,b we
 f9d ! prophecies conc]n+ ! ,messiah to 
attribute to him v diff]5t works f ^!2  
nay1 ! v opposite4 ,=1 :]eas ,jesus     
te/ifies conc]n+ himself1 t he did n    
come to e/abli% peace 9 ! e>?1 b        
division1 fire & sword1 ,ze*>iah says1  
conc]n+ ! expect$ ,messiah1 *4 ix43--,he
 %all speak peace to ! nations4 ,jesus  
says he came to s5d fire & sword ^u !   
e>?1 b ,micah says1 *4 ii41 t 9 ! times 
( ! true ,messiah !y %all beat _! swords
 into pl\gh%>es1 & _! spe>s into prun+  
hooks1 nation %all n lift up sword aga9/
 nation1 nei!r %all !y le>n w> any m4   
,jesus says t he came to put division   
betwe5 ! fa!r & ! son1 c4 ,b 9 ! "t ( ! 

true ,messiah1 ,elias1 ! prophet1 %all  
come1 ( :om ,mala*i propheci$ t he %all 
conv]t ! he>t ( ! fa!rs unto ! *ildr51 &
 ! he>t ( ! *ildr5 to ! fa!rs4 ,jesus   
says t he came to s]ve o!rs1 n to be    
s]v$ by !m  ,mat4 xx4 #bi4 ,b ( ! true  
,messiah x is said1 ,psalm lxxii43--,all
 k+s %all b[ !mselves be=e him1 all     
nations %all s]ve him4 ,! same also is  
said by ,ze*>iah1 *4 ix43-- ,8 dom9ion  
%all be1 f "o sea to ! o!r1 & f ! riv]  
unto ! ends ( ! e>?2 & s ,dan41 *4      
vii43--,all dom9ions %all s]ve & obey   
him4  #c4 ,z to ! "t1 we object to !    
,*ri/ians1 t ,jesus did n come at ! "t  
designat$ by ! prophets2 = ! prophets   
te/ify1 t ! com+ ( ! ,messiah %\ld be 9 
! end ( days or1 9 ! latt] days1 7:i*1  
surely1 h n yet arriv$7 z x is 9 ,isaiah
 *4 ii43--,x %all come to pass 9 ! latt]
 days1 t ! m\nta9 ( ! ,"ls h\se %all be 
e/abli%$ 9 ! top ( ! m\nta9s1 & all     
nations %all fl[ unto x2 & x imm$iately 
foll[s1 conc]n+ ! k+ ,messiah1 t he %all
 judge among ! nations1 & rebuke _m     

peoples1 & !y %all beat _! words into   
pl\gh%>es1 & _! spe>s into prun+ hooks4 
,see also ,hosea1 *4 iii1 & also ,dan41 
*4 ii41 :]e x is writt53--,god ha? made 
kn[n unto k+ ,nebu*adnezz> :at %all come
 to pass 9 ! latt] days1 7or1 9 ! end ( 
days47 ,& ?is p]ta9s to :at foll[s1     
viz41 to ?is3--,9 ! days ( ^? k+s1 7i4  
e41 ( ! k+doms t arose out ( ! ru9s ( ! 
,roman ,empire7 ! ,god ( heav5 w raise  
up a k+dom1 :i* %all nev] be de/roy$4   
,?us y see1 t ! prophets pr$ict$1 t !   
k+dom ( ! ,messiah %\ld be aft] !       
de/ruction ( ! ,roman ,empire1 n :ile x 
0 9 its vig\r2 :5 ,jesus came2 9 ! latt]
 days1 & n be=e499  #d4 ,besides all ^! 
difficulties1 nei!r 7 ! promises made to
 u by ! prophets1 conc]n+ ! ?+s to come 
to pass at ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 fulfill$
 9 ! "t ( ,jesus4 ,= examples1 take !   
foll[+3--#a4 ,9 ! "t ( ! k+ ,messiah1   
!re 0 to be "o k+dom only1 & "o only k+ 
^u e>?1 viz41 ! k+ ,messiah--see        
,daniel1 *4 ii42 b behold1 we see ) our 
eyes1 _m indep5d5t k+doms1 di/9ct1 &    

di/+ui%$ by diff]5t laws & cu/oms1      
religi\s & political1 :i* ?+s be+ s1 x  
foll[s1 t ! ,messiah is n yet come4  #b4
 ,9 ! "t ( ! k+ ,messiah1 !re 0 to be   
only "o religion & "o law ?r\gh\t ! _w2 
=1 x is writt5 9 ,isaiah1 *4 lii4 &     
lxvi41 t all nations %all come at /at$  
times to wor%ip ! ,et]nal at ,j]usalem4 
,see also ,ze*>iah1 *4 xiv4 & *4 viii41 
& inde$ ?r\gh\t ! writ+s ( ! prophets4  
#c4 ,9 ! "t ( ! k+ ,messiah1 idols 7 to 
be cut (f1 & utt]ly to p]i% f ! e>?2 z x
 is said 9 ,ze*>iah1 *4 xiii41 & s 9    
,isaiah1 *4 ii41 x is writt51 ,& ! glory
 ( idols %all utt]ly pass away2 & s 9   
,zephaniah1 *4 ii41 ,! ,"l %all be      
t]rible among !m1 :5 he %all make lean  
7i4 e41 br+ to no?+7 all ! gods ( ! e>?2
 & all ! c\ntries ( ! nations %all b[   
!mselves to ,him1 ea* out ( 8 place4    
#d4 ,9 ! times ( ! ,messiah1 !re %all   
obta9 no m s9s & crimes 9 ! e>?1        
especially among ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 z  
is affirm$ 9 ,deut4 xxx41 ,zephaniah1 *4
 iii & 9 ,j]emiah1 *4 iii4 ,& l41 & s 9 

,ezekiel1 *4 xxxvi4 & xxxvii4  #e4 ,9 ! 
times ( ! ,messiah1 !re %all be peace   
betwe5 man & bea/1 & betwe5 ! tig] & !  
tame bea/2 & ! little *ild %all /roke1 )
 impunity1 ! v>iegat$ sk9 ( ! s]p5t1    
&1--z "o ( our own poets has beautifully
 said1--& ) 8 =k$ tongue %all innoc5tly 
play4 ,see 9 ,isaiah1 *4 xi4 & lxv41 !  
orig9al f :5ce he d]iv$ 8 beautiful     
poem4  #f4 ,9 ! "t ( ! k+ ,messiah1 !re 
are to be no calamities1 no afflictions1
 no lam5tations ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,b !      
inhabitants !re( are to lead joyful     
lives 9 gratitude to ! good ,god1 & 9 ! 
enjoym5t ( 8 b\nties4 ,see ,isaiah lxv4 
,la/ly4 ,9 ! "t ( ! k+ ,messiah1 ! glory
 ( ,god 0 aga9 to return to ,israel1 & !
 _s ( ! mo/ ,high ,god 0 to be lib]ally 
p\r$ out ^u !m1 & !y 7 to be end[$ ) !  
_s ( prophecy1 & ) wisdom1 & k1 &       
und]/&+1 & virtue2 & ,god w no m hide 8 
face f !m2 b w bless !m1 & give !m a    
ready he>t & a will+ m9d to obey 8 laws1
 & enjoy ! felicities consequ5t !reupon4
 ,& ! ,%e*9ah %all inhabit ! temple =   

ev]1 & ! glory ( ,god %all nev] dep>t f 
,israel2 b !y %all walk amid ! spl5d\rs 
( ! glory ( ! ,et]nal1 & all ! e>? %all 
res\nd ) 8 praise1 z is writt5 9        
,ezekiel1 *4 xxxvii41 & xxxix41 &       
xliii42 & 9 ,joel1 *4 ii41 & 9 ,ze*41 *4
 ii41 & ,isaiah1 *4 xi41 & ?r\gh\t !    
latt] "p ( 8 prophecies1 & 9 ,j]4 xxxi4 
,& n[1 read]1 let me ask y ?is "q1 has  
any "o ( ! =ego+ prophecies be5 yet     
fulfill$1 ei!r 9 ! days ( ,jesus1 or ev]
 s9ce8 ,?\ can/ n say x6 ,n[1 !n1 he> ! 
conclusion1 :i*1 9 s9c]ity1 & ) ! h& ^u 
! he>t1 ,i am compell$ to draw f ^!     
prec$5ts4 ,s9ce ^! di/9ctive *>act]i/ics
 pr$ict$ by ! ,hebrew prophets1 z to be 
f\nd 9 _! ,messiah1 7 c]ta9ly1 &        
evid5tly1 nev] f\nd 9 ,jesus2 & s9ce ^! 
conditions & circum/ances1 & _m o!rs    
beside1 :i*1 to avoid prolixity1 h be5  
omitt$1 mo/ assur$ly did n take place 9 
! "t ( ,jesus1 nor ev] s9ce1 & s9ce !y 7
 accord+ to ^? prophets1 c]ta9ly to be  
expect$ 9 ! "t ( _! ,messiah2 !re=e1 f  
all ?is1 x seems to be demon/rable      

7all[+ ! prophets to be true17 t ,jesus 
( ,naz>e? 0 n ?is true ,messiah4 ,& ,i  
w\ld ask ! c&id ,*ri/ian1 9 :i* l9k (   
?is *a9 ( pro(s he c f9d a flaw8 ,& ,i  
w\ld ask him1 too1 z a moral & hone/    
man1 :e!r any ,jew1 9 8 "r m9d1 c\ld1   
)\t sett+ at n\ght :at he conceiv$ to be
 ! ^w ( ,god1 receive him z ! ,messiah8 
,! hone/ & upright answ]1 ,i believe1 w 
be1 t he c\ld net4 ,&1 accord+ly1 x is v
 well kn[n1 t ! ,jewi% nation h nev]    
done s4 ,& ?is _! ob/9acy1 z x is call$1
 w n by ?is "t1 ,i ?9k1 appe>           
unreasonable to any s5sible man2 & he w 
n[ be able to appreciate ! ju/ice ( t   
idle cant ab\t ! c>nal ,jews1 & _!      
worldly-m9d$ expectation ( a temporal   
pr9ce1 z _! ,messiah4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! ,jews 
_h v good reason1 f _! prophecies1 to   
expect no ,messiah b a ,messiah :o %\ld 
sit on ! ?rone ( ,david1 & conf] lib]ty 
& happ9ess ^u !m1 & spread peace &      
happ9ess ?r\gh\t ! e>?1 & communicate ! 
k ( ,god1 & virtue1 & ! love ( _!       
fell[-m5 to e p4 ,:e!r ?is 7c>nal or n17

 w\ld h be5 bett] ?an a spiritual k+dom1
 & a ?rone 9 heav52 toge!r ) ! ample li/
 ( c\ncils1 dogmas1 excommunications1   
proscriptions1 !ological qu>rels1 &     
frauds1 & an endless detail ( blood &   
murd]1 ,i leave to ! judgm5t ( ^?       
capable ( decid+ = !mselves4  ,nei!r1 9 
fact1 is x true1 t ! ,jews 7 s c>nally  
m9d$ z to refuse ,jesus z _! ,messiah1  
because he 0 poor & 9 a l[ e/ate4 ,on ! 
contr>y1 did !y n ask him n to evade1 b 
to speak pla9ly8 ,h[ long 7said !y7 do/ 
?\ mean to keep u 9 susp5se8 ,if ?\ be !
 ,messiah1 tell u pla9ly4 ,^! v m5 7    
will+ to haz>d1 9 8 fav\r1 _! =tunes1 _!
 families1 & _! lives1 9 8 cause1 aga9/ 
! :ole p[] ( ! ,roman empire4 ,nay1 s   
urg5t 7 !y1 t !y 7 go+ to make him _! k+
 by =ce1 & he conceal$ himself f !      
hon\r4 ,! evasions he us$ to avoid _!   
press+ que/ions ^u ! subject1 are kn[n  
to all :o h read ! evangeli/s2 & s tim$ 
0 he 9 ackn[l$g+ himself z ! ,messiah1 t
 he did n d s1 till ,simon ,pet] told   
him t he 04 ,& c any c&id man1 aft] all 

?is1 wond] at1 or condemn1 ! bl9dness1 z
 x is call$1 ( ! ,jews8 or c he refra9 f
 smil+ at ! fro?y declamations 9 :i*    
div9es load t nation ) s mu* unm]it$    
reproa*8 ,^! ,jews _h j reason1 we ?9k1 
to d\bt 8 ,messiah%ip2 & !y _h a "r to  
satisfactory & unambigu\s pro( ( 8 be+  
s3 ev5 ! pro(s laid d[n1 by _! prophets4
 ,& ?is1 x mu/ be n[ ackn[l$g$1 !y      
want$2 &1 c]ta9ly1 ! wise & le>n$ ( !   
,jewi% nation1 might be all[$ to h      
und]/ood _! sacr$ books ^u ! subject1 z 
well1 at lea/1 if n bett]1 ?an !        
illit]ate apo/les1 :o manife/ly put new 
int]pretations ^u !m1 & ^?1 confess$ly1 
n agreeable to ! obvi\s & lit]al mean+ (
 ^? books2 b contr>y to ! s5se ( !      
,jewi% nation4 ,& = ?is scepticism !y   
might plead ! example ( ! apo/les       
!mselves1 :o1 at fir/1 l o!r unbeliev+  
,jews1 expect$ a temporal pr9ce2 & did  
disbelieve ,jesus to be ! ,messiah on   
acc\nt ( 8 dea?1 not)/&+ 8 miracles4 ,& 
!y cont9u$ 9 ^! ?\ghts1 till x seems !y 
come to und]/& ! spiritual s5se ( !     

scriptures2 :i* spiritual s5se1 x is    
said1 !y obta9$ by ! tradition>y rules (
 int]pretation 9 use among ! ,jews4     
,yet1 x is r inconsi/5t & s+ul>1 t !y   
%\ld place s mu* dep5d5ce ^u ^!         
tradition>y rules1 & yet pay s little   
reg>d to ! tradition>y explication ( !  
scriptures1 ) respect to ! temporal     
k+dom ( ! ,messiah--inconsi/5t & s+ul>  
is x1 t !y %\ld cry al\d = t :i* w\ld   
support _! peculi> views1 b reject x :5 
militat+ aga9/ ^! views499    ,,*apt]   
,,ix4  ,,on ,,! ,,"* ,( ,,jesus ,,(     
,,naz>e? ,,& ,,! ,,weight ,,to ,,be     
,,all[$ ,,to ,,! ,,argum5t ,( ,,m>tyrdom
 ,,z ,a ,,te/ ,,( ,,tru? ,,9 ,,?is ,,"q4
  ,i am n[ ab\t to consid] a subject1 to
 :i*1 not)/&+ ! h>% ness ( my language 9
 "s ( ! prec$+ *apt]s1 ,i approa* )     
feel+s ( great respect4 ,f> be x f me to
 reproa* ! meek1 ! compassionate1 !     
amiable ,jesus2 or to attribute to him1 
! mis*iefs occasion$ by 8 foll[]s994    
,no1 ,i look ^u 8 "* ) ! respect :i* e  
man %\ld pay to purity ( morals3 ?\gh   

m+l$ ) some?+ l ! s5tim5ts :i* we       
naturally feel = ! mi/ak5 en?usia/4     
,jesus ( ,naz>e? appe>s to h be5 a man (
 irreproa*able purity1 ( great piety1 & 
( great mildness ( disposition4 ,?\gh ! 
_w has nev] beheld a "* exactly p>allel 
) 81 yet x has se5 _m1 greatly simil>4  
,contemplative1 & melan*oly1 x is said (
 him by 8 foll[]s1 he 0 (t5 se5 to weep1
 b nev] to laugh4 ,he retir$ to solit>y 
places1 & !re pray$3 he w5t into !      
wild]ness to su/a9 & to vanqui% !       
assaults ( ! devil3 ,9 a ^w1 he appe>s  
by su* means to h p]suad$ himself1 z    
hundr$s h done s9ce1 t he 0 ! *os5      
s]vant ( ,god1 rais$ up to prea*        
righte\sness to ! hypocrites1 & s9n]s ( 
8 day4 ,x is rem>kable1 t he nev] claim$
 to be ! ,messiah1 till enc\rag$ to     
assume t "* by ,pet]s decl>ation4 ,& x  
is obs]vable1 t 9 assum+ t "n1 he c\ld n
 assume ! *>act]i/ics ( ! augu/ p]sonage
 to :om x belongs2 b infus$ into ! "*   
all t s(tness1 meekness1 humility1 &    
passive =titude1 :i* 7 s em95tly 8 own4 

,! natural disposition1 & "* ( ,jesus1  
c\ld n p]mit him to attempt ! "* ( a    
pr9cely ,messiah1 a mighty mon>*1 !     
savi\r ( an oppress$ p1 & ! b5efactor ( 
! human race4 ,he c\ld n d ?is1 b he    
c\ld act z mu* ( ! "* z 0 consi/5t ) 8  
own4 ,he c\ld n inde$ br+ himself to    
attempt to be ! savi\r ( 8 c\ntrym5 f ! 
,romans1 _! fle%ly foes2 b he und]took  
to save !m f ! tyranny ( _! spiritual   
enemies4 ,he c\ld n und]take to set up 8
 k+dom ^u e>?2 b he told !m t he _h a   
k+dom 9 ano!r _w4 ,he c\ld n pret5d to  
give unto 8 foll[]s ! spl5did rew>ds (  
an e>?ly mon>*3 b he promis$ !m in/ead  
!re(1 =giv5ess ( s9s1 & spiritual       
remun]ation4  ,9 a ^w1 he 0 n a k+ fit =
 !1 !n1 c>nal ,jews1 b he 01 f 8        
mildness1 & compassionate temp]1 wor?y (
 _! e/eem1 at lea/1 ( _! =be>ance4 ,!   
only actions ( 8 life :i* betray any    
m>ks ( "* des]v+ ( s]i\s repreh5sion1   
are 8 treatm5t ( ! woman tak5 9 adult]y2
 & 8 application ( ! prophecy ( ,mala*i 
conc]n+ ,elias1 to ,john ! ,bapti/4  ,z 

to 8 conduct to ! woman1 x 0 ! conduct (
 a mild1 & m]ciful man1 b n t ( "o :o   
decl>$1 t he came to fulfil ! law4 ,=   
,god comm&$ conc]n+ su*1 t !y %\ld      
surely be put to dea?4 ,n[ ?\gh ,jesus 0
 n h] judge1 & _h no "r to pron\nce h]  
s5t5ce2 yet ! contrivance by :i* he     
det]r$ ! witness f te/ify+ aga9/ h]1 0 a
 contriv5ce directly calculat$ totally  
to fru/rate ! ends ( ju/ice2 & :i*1 if  
act$ ^u at ?is day1 9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries1
 w\ld infallibly prev5t ! execution ( ! 
crim9al law3 ,= :at te/imony w\ld be    
suffici5t to prove a fact1 if !         
witnesses 7 requir$ to be )\t s98       
,in/ead1 !re=e1 ( say+ unto !m1 :osoev] 
( y is )\t s91 let him ca/ ! fir/ /one  
at h]2 he %\ld h said1 ,m56 :o made me a
 judge1 or a rul] ov] y8 c>ry ! accus$  
to ! prop] tribunal4  ,z to 8 conduct   
ab\t ! matt] ( ,elias1 x 0 z foll[s4 ,x 
is said1 9 ! #ag? *apt] ( ,mat!w1 t at 8
 transfiguration1 z x is call$1 ,moses1 
& ,elias appe>$ to 8 disciples on !     
m\nt1 talk+ ) ,jesus4 ,^u com+ d[n f !  

m\nt1 ! disciples ask$ ,jesus1 h[ say ! 
scribes t ,elias mu/ come fir/1 7t is1  
be=e ! ,messiah47 ,jesus answ]$1 ,elias 
truly come? fir/1 & re/ore? all ?+s2 b  
,i say unto y1 t ,elias has come already
 & !y h done unto him :at !y w\ld2 mean+
 ,john ! ,bapti/1 :o 0 behead$ by ,h]od4
 7,see ! p>allel place 9 ,m>k47 ,& he   
says conc]n+ ,john1 7,mat4 vi4 #ad17 ,& 
if ye w receive x1 ?is is ,elias :i* 0 =
 to come4  ,n[ c]ta9ly no "o w pret5d t 
,john 0 ! ,elias propheci$ ( by ,mala*i1
 z to come be=e ! great1 & t]rible day (
 ! ,"l1 :i* has n yet tak5 place4 ,&    
besides1 t he 0 n ,elias is te/ifi$ (1 &
 confirm$ by1 ,john himself1 :o 9 !     
gospel ( ,john1 *apt] #a1 to ! "q ( !   
,scribes1 ask+ him1 if he 0 ,elias8     
answ]s ,i am n4 ,x is pretty cle> t     
,jesus 0 emb>rass$ by ! "q ( ! ,apo/les1
 h[ say ! ,scribes1 t ,elias mu/ come   
fir/8 = 8 answ] is confus$2 = he all[s !
 tru? ( ! obs]vation ( ! ,scribes1 & !n 
ref]s !m to ,john1 & ins9uates t he 0 ! 
,elias to come4 ,h[ev]1 x mu/ be        

ackn[l$g$1 t he does x ) an air (       
hesitation1 ,if y w receive x1 c4  ,b   
are ^! all ! accusations y h to br+     
aga9/ him8 may be said by "s ( my       
read]s4 ,d y acc\nt z no?+1 8 claim+ to 
=give s9s8 8 spee*es :]e9 ho claims to  
be consid]$ z an object ( religi\s      
homage1 if n to be ,god himself8 ,d y   
consid] ^! impieties z no?+8 ,i answ] by
 ask+--! foll[+ que/ions3 ,:at w\ld y   
?9k ( a man :o1 9 our times1 %\ld set up
 ^? extraord9>y claims8 & :o %\ld ass]t1
 t eat+ 8 fle%1 & dr9k+ 8 blood 7       
necess>y to secure et]nal life8 ,:o %\ld
 say1 t he & ,god 7 "o8 & %\ld affirm 7z
 ,jesus does 9 ! la/ *apt]s ( ,john7 t  
,god 0 inside ( him1 & dwelt 9 him2 & t 
he :o _h se5 him1 _h se5 ,god8 ,:at %\ld
 we ?9k ( ?is8 ,%\ld we consid] su* a   
man an object ( wra?1 or ( pity8 ,%\ld  
we n directly1 & )\t hesitation1        
attribute su* extravagancies to         
halluc9ation ( m9d8 ,yes1 c]ta9ly6 &    
!re=e ! ,jews 7 to blame = crucify+     
,jesus4 ,if ,*ri/ians _h put to dea? e  

un=tunate1 :o aft] be+ fr5zi$ by        
religi\s fa/+ & contemplation1 became   
wild en\gh to ass]t1 t he 0 ,*ri/1 or   
,god ! ,fa!r1 or ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 or ev5 !
 ,holy ,tr9ity1 !y w\ld h be5 guilty ( m
 ?an fifty murd]s2 = ,i h read ( at lea/
 z _m in/ances ( ?is nature2 & believe t
 m ?an two hundr$ su* might be reckon$  
up f ! hospital records ( ,europe alone4
 ,& t ! f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian religion 0 n 
always 9 "o coh]5t consi/5t m9d1 ,i ?9k 
w appe> pla9 to e intellig5t physician  
:o reads 8 disc\rses2 especially ^? 9 ! 
gospel ( ,john4 ,!y are a mixture (     
some?+ t looks l sublimity1 /rangely    
disfigur$ by wild1 & incoh]5t words4 ,s 
un9telligible inde$1 t ev5 ! pr(\nde/ ( 
,*ri/ian div9es h nev] be5 able to fa?om
 all _! my/]ies4 ,to prove t ,i d n say 
^! ?+s ra%ly1 wick$ly1 or out ( any     
malignity t[>ds ! "* ( ,jesus1 :i* ,i   
really respect & v5]ate1 ,i w e/abli% my
 ass]tions by examples4 ,= in/ance--    
--,_m in/ances might be adduc$ ( conduct
 directly subv]sive ( ! v design1 to    

promote :i*1 he said t he 0 s5t into !  
_w4 ,= example1 he said t he came to    
prea* glad tid+s to ! poor1 & un9=m$2 & 
yet he decl>es to 8 disciples1 t ho     
spake to ?is v multitude ( poor &       
ignorant p 9 p>ables1 le/ !y might      
und]/& him1 & be conv]t$ f _! s9s1 &    
,god %\ld heal1 or p>don !m4 ,9 ! #bf?  
*apt] ( ,mat!w1 ,jesus says to 8        
disciples1 9 ! g>d5 at ,ge?semane1 ^!   
/range words1  ,sleep on n[1 & take y\r 
re/--,arise6 let u be go+1 ,!           
comm5tators endeav\r to get rid ( !     
/range contradictor9ess ( ^! words1 by  
turn+ ! comm& into ! future2 & r5d]+ !  
,greek ^w translat$ n[ ?us--= ! re/ (   
y\r "t1 or = ! future4 ,& t he ask$ !m  
:e!r !y slept = ! future8 :i* appe>s to 
be j z rational z to h ask$1 h[ !y d    
to-morr[866  ,jo4 viii4 #ea1 ,v]ily1    
v]ily47said ,jesus7 ,i say unto y1 if a 
man keep my say+1 he %all nev] see dea? 
,read]1 :at do/ ?\ ?9k ( ?is say+8 ,has 
believ+ 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion1 at all   
prev5t$ m5 f dy+ z 9 a=e "t8 ,& %\ld we 

be at all a/oni%$ at :at ! ,jews said to
 him1 :5 !y he>d ?is ass]tion--,!n said 
! ,jews unto him4 ,n[ we "k t ?\ ha/ a  
demon i4 e4 art mad4 ,abraham is dead1 &
 ! ,prophets1 & ?\ saye/ if a man keep  
my say+1 he %all nev] ta/e ( dea?8 ,s   
said ! ,jews1 & if 9 our times1 a man 0 
to make a simil> ass]tion1 %\ld we n say
 ! same8  ,_m in/ances might also be    
giv5 ( /range & inconsequ5t reason+2 b  
,i %all only adduce ! foll[+4 ,he       
reproa*es ! ,ph>isees1 ,luke xi4 #dg1   
#dh1 = build+ & adorn+ ! sepul*res ( !  
,prophets1 :om _! wick$ fa!rs slew2 &   
says to !m1 ,y\r fa!rs slew !m1 & ye    
build _! sepul*res1 & he adds1 t ?us !y 
%[$ t !y approv$ ! de$s ( _! fa!rs6     
,surely ?is is absurd6 ,did ! ,a!nians  
by sett+ up a /atue to ,socrates aft] 8 
unju/ dea?1 %[ to ! _w t !y approv$ !   
de$ ( !m :o slew him8 did x n %[ !      
direct contr>y8 & 0 x n int5d$ z a      
te/imony ( _! regret1 & rep5tance8      
,aga91 ,^u y 7says ,jesus to ! ,jews7   
%all come all ! righte\s blood t has be5

 %$ ^u ! e>?1 f ! blood ( ,abel !       
righte\s1 to ! blood ( ,ze*>iah1 c4 ,n[1
 h]e9 is a m>vell\s ?+6 h[ c\ld a man   
really s5t f ,god1 ass]t to ! ,jews1 t (
 !m %\ld be requir$ ! blood ( ,abel1 & (
 all ! righte\s sla9 ^u ! e>?8 ,did !   
,jews kill ,abel8 or did _! fa!rs kill  
him8 ,no6 he 0 sla9 by ,ca91 ^: po/]ity 
all p]i%$ 9 ! deluge2 h[ !n c\ld ,god   
require ( ! ,jews :o liv$ f\r ?\s& ye>s 
aft] ! murd]1 ! guilt ( x2 nay m1 ( all 
! righte\s blood t _h be5 %$ ^u ! e>?1 7
 !y guilty ( all t too8 ,if su*         
ass]tions1 & su* reason+s d n prove :at 
,i ass]t$1 :at c8  ,x is said1 t ,jesus1
 by giv+ himself up to suff] dea?1 prov$
 ! tru? ( 8 mission & doctr9es1 by 8    
read9ess to die = !m4 ,b ?is is an      
argum5t :i* w recoil ^u ^? :o advance x4
 ,are !re no in/ances ^u record ( mild1 
zeal\s1 & amiable m5 :o prea*$ to !     
savages ( ,am]ica t !y ought to wor%ip !
 ,virg9 ,m>y8 & did !y n *e]fully die by
 ! mo/ excruciat+ torm5ts to prove x8   
,yes c]ta9ly6 & let any ,prote/ant      

,*ri/ian read ! acc\nts ( ! prea*+1     
suff]+s1 dea?s1 aye6 & miracles too1 ( !
 ,roman ,ca?olic mission>ies 9 ,asia1 & 
,am]ica2 & !n let him c&idly answ] :e!r 
he is will+ to re/ ! issue ( 8          
controv]sy ) ! ,papi/s ^u ! argum5t (   
m>tyrdom8 ,we all "k ! p[] ( en?usiasm  
^u a susceptible m9d2 & we h read (1 &  
p]haps sees1 its effects 9 produc+      
m>tyrdoms among p ( all religions1 9 all
 p>ts ( ! _w4 ,nay1 m1 su* is ! p[] (   
?is pr9ciple1 t ev5 n[1 wom5 9 ,india   
burn !mselves alive on ! fun]al piles ( 
_! husb&s1 to prove1 z !y say1 _! love =
 !m1 & _! det]m9ation to accompany !m to
 ! o!r _w2 :5 x is well kn[n1 t !y burn 
!mselves f ! impulse ( vanity1 & ! fe> (
 disgrace1 if !y %\ld n d s4 ,nay1 m    
/ill1 s little support does m>tyrdom    
yield to tru?1 t !re are m m>tyrdoms 9  
hon\r ( ! false1 ridicul\s1 & abom9able 
idols ( ,h9do/an1 ?an any :]e else4 ,y  
may see m5 hook$ ?r\gh ! ribs1 &        
support$1 & :irl$ r\nd 9 ! air 9 hon\r (
 _! gods1 clapp+ _! h&s1 & te/ify+      

pleasure1 in/ead ( cry+ out ) pa94 ,y   
may see 9 t c\ntry1 ! misguid$          
en?usia/ic wor%ipp]s ( mis%ap5 idols    
pro/rate _! bodi$ be=e ! enorm\s :eels (
 ! c> ( ,seeva1 & pi\sly suff]+ !mselves
 to be cru%$ 9 pieces by ! roll+ mass4  
,& any man :o has be5 ^u ! banks ( !    
,ganges1 c tell y ( ! ,yoguis1 & ( _!   
self-inflict$ torm5ts1 comp>$ to :i*1   
ev5 ! cross is almo/ a b$ ( roses4      
,inde$ ! argum5t ( m>tyrdom w support   
any religion2 & x has1 9 fact1 be5      
*e]fully und]gone by en?usia/s & zealots
 ( all religions1 9 te/imony ( ! firm   
belief ( ! suff]]s n only 9 !           
absurdities ( ,pop]y1 & ,bra*9anism1 b (
 e1 ev5 ! mo/ mon/r\s sy/em t ev]       
disgrac$ ! human und]/&+4 ,!re h be5    
m>tyrs = ,a!ism itself4  ,?is argum5t ( 
m>tyrdom has be5 m p>ticul>ly appli$ to 
! ,apo/les & fir/ ,*ri/ians4 ,h[ c x be 
imag9$1 7say ,*ri/ian ,div9es17 t simple
 m5 l ! ,apo/les c\ld be induc$ to leave
 _! employm5t1 & w&] up & d[n1 to tea* !
 doctr9es1 & te/ify to ! facts ( ! ,new 

,te/am5t1 & expose !mselves to          
p]secution1 imprisonm5t1 sc\rg+1 &      
untimely & viol5t dea?3 unless !y       
c]ta9ly knew1 t bo? ! doctr9es1 & !     
facts 7 true8 ,besides1 :at hon\rs1 :at 
ri*es1 c\ld !y expect to get by support+
 false doctr9e1 & false te/imony8  ,to  
?is argum5t #a might reply z 9 ! prec$+ 
pages1 = ,i w\ld ask1 h we n se5 simple 
& hone/ m5 quit _! employm5ts1 & w&] up 
& d[n to prea* doctr9es :i* !y n only _h
 no means ( c]ta9ly kn[+ to be true1 b  
:i* !y did n ev5 und]/&8 ,h we n se5 su*
 m5 submit to deprivations ( e k9d1 &   
expos$ to imprisonm5t1 & ! :ipp+ po/8 ,&
 d we n c]ta9ly "k t "s su* h *e]fully  
suff]$ a mo/ cruel dea?8  ,is x possible
 t any s5sible man1 aft] read+ ! ,hi/ory
 ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,mission>ies1 !    
,bapti/s1 ! ,quak]s1 & ! ,me?odi/s1 c be
 conv9c$ ( ! c]ta9 tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian    
religion1 or s]i\sly endeav\r to conv9ce
 ano!r ( x1 by su* an argum5t z ! above8
  ,b1 mu* m ?an ?is c be said ^u ?is    
topic2 = x c be %[n1 t ! ,apo/les 9     

prea*+ ,*ri/ianity1 did n suff] ne> s   
mu* z "s well mean+ en?usia/s 9 mod]n   
times h suff]$1 to propagate religi\s   
t5ets1 notori\sly false & absurd4 ,& t !
 ,apo/les c\ld expect to get nei!r fame1
 nor hon\r1 nor ri*es by _! prea*+ is   
d\btful4 ,?is is c]ta9 t !y c\ld n lose 
mu*4 ,= !y 7 confess$ly m5 ( ! l[e/ rank
 9 society1 & ( great pov]ty--poor      
fi%]m51 :o c\ld n feel a v great reg>d =
 _! own dignity1 or respectability4 ,& x
 0 by no means a small ?+ = su* m5 to be
 consid]$ z div9e ,apo/les1 & 9 ex*ange 
= heav5ly ?+s1 to h ! e>?ly possessions 
( _! conv]ts laid at _! feet4 ,pet] left
 8 nets1 8 boat1 & boori% companions1 & 
aft] p]suad+ 8 disciples to receive 8   
words = oracles1 g :]e he w\ld1 he f\nd 
ample hospitality f !m4 ,?is1 at lea/1 0
 an advantage\s *ange1 & ?\gh !y did n  
acquire fame1 or respect f ! high] ranks
 ( society1 !y 7 at lea/ _h 9 great     
respect by _! foll[]s4 ,nei!r ,george   
,fox1 nor ,:itfield1 nor ,we/ley 7      
hon\r$ by ! nobility1 or g5try1 or      

s*ol>s ( ,engl&2 nor ,ann ,lee1 by ! mo/
 respectable citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 
,yet among _! disciples1 ! ,quak]s1 !   
,me?odi/s1 & ! ,%ak]s !y 7 held by ! mo/
 implicit v5]ation & c any man believe t
 !y did n ?9k !mselves ?us well pay$ = !
 tr\ble ( mak+ conv]ts8  ,x is true t ! 
,apo/les did n acquire ri*es1 = !y 7    
conv]sant only ) ! poor4 ,b nei!r _h !y 
any to lose1 by tak+ up ! pr(ession (   
,apo/les1 & ,prea*]s4 ,at lea/ by prea*+
 ! gospel1 !y obta9$ food1 & clo?+1 &   
contributions2 z is evid5t f _m places 9
 ! ,epi/les1 :]e !y write to _! conv]ts1
 ,x is writt51 ?\ %alt n muzzle ! ox :5 
he treade? out ! corn2 & ,paul tells !m1
 t !y mu/ n ?9k f ?is place1 t ,god     
takes c>e = ox51 =1 7says he17 x 0      
und\bt$ly writt5 = our sakes4 ,?us we   
see t ! gospel 0 by no means altoge!r   
unpr(itable1 & _m m5 daily risk _! lives
 = less ga9 ?an ! ,apo/les did4  ,z to !
 dang]s to :i* x is said !y expos$      
!mselves1 !y _h none to fe>1 except 9   
,judea1 :i* !y quickly quitt$1 f9d+ !   

,jews too /ubborn1 & w5t to ! ,greeks4  
,f ! ,greeks1 & likewise f ! ,romans1 !y
 _h n mu* to fe>1 :o 7 n v difficult or 
scrupul\s 9 admitt+ new gods1 & new     
modes ( wor%ip4 ,besides ?is1 ! ,romans 
= a great :ile seem to h consid]$ !     
,*ri/ians m]ely z a ,jewi% sect :o      
diff]$ f ! re/ ( ! ,jews 9 matt]s n wor?
 notice2 z is to be ga!r$ f ,tacitus &  
,suetonius4 ,& if ! ,apo/les did speak  
aga9/ ! ,pagan gods1 x 0 no m ?an :at ! 
,roman poets & philosoph]s did2 & !     
magi/rates 7 n !n v sev]e ab\t x4 ,& x  
is evid5t f ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 t !   
,roman praetors consid]$ ! accusations  
aga9/ ,paul & 8 companions1 z m]e       
trifles4 ,b 9 ,judea1 :]e ! dang] 0     
evid5t1 x 0 o!rwise4 ,:5 ,paul 0 9 p]il 
!re1 on acc\nt ( 8 transgressions aga9/ 
! law1 aft] be+ deliv]$ f ! ,jews by !  
,roman g>rison at ,j]usalem1 he plead$  
be=e ,fe/us & ,agrippa1 t he 0 falsely  
accus$ by ! ,jews2 & he ass]t$ t he _h  
taught no?+ aga9/ ! ,law ( ,moses1 & 8  
c\ntry1 b t he only prea*$ ab\t !       

resurrection ( ! dead2 & t x 0 = ?is t !
 ,jews p]secut$ him2 & end$ by appeal+  
to ,caes>4 ,:5 yet he knew t ?is 0 n !  
reason ( ! hatr$ ( ! ,jew aga9/ him2 b t
 x 0 because he taught t circumcision1 &
 ! ,law ( ,moses 7 aboli%$1 & no long]  
b9d+3 :i* is evid5t to any "o :o w read 
! ,acts1 & ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians4 ,s
 y see by :at manoeuvre he got out ( !  
difficulty3 fir/1 by at lea/ equivocat+1
 & !n by refus+ to be tri$ by 8 own     
c\ntrym51 & appeal+ to ,caes>2 ?us      
secur+ himself a safe conduct out (     
,judea1 :i* 0 too dang]\s = him4 ,among 
! ,g5tiles1 _! doctr9e _h a bett] *ance 
( success1 = !y taught !m m>vell\s      
doctr9es1 su* z !y _h be5 accu/om$ to   
li/5 to1 viz4 h[ ! ,son ( ,god 0 born ( 
a virg91 & 0 cruelly put to dea?2 & t 8 
,div9e ,fa!r rais$ him f ! dead4 ,! idea
 ( ,gods hav+ a son ( a woman did n %ock
 !m1 = all _! demigods !y believ$ _h be5
 s begott52 & a great "p ( _! poems are 
fill$ ) ! exploits & ! suff]+s ( ^!     
h]oes1 :o are at l5g? rew>d$ by be+     

rais$ f e>? to heav51 z ,jesus is said  
to h be54 ,^! doctr9es 7 n disreli%$ by 
! common p1 b 7 reject$ by ! wise &     
le>n$4 ,accord+ly we see t ,paul c\ld   
make no?+ ( ! philosoph]s ( ,a!ns1 :o   
d]id$ him1 & consid]$ him z tell+ !m a  
/ory simil> to ^? ( _! own my?ology1 :5 
he prea*$ to !m ,jesus & ! resurrection4
 ,& 9 rev5ge1 we see ,paul rail+ aga9/  
bo? ! /ubborn ,jews1 & ! incorrigible   
philosoph]s1 z be+ unwor?y ( kn[+ !     
hidd5 wisdom1 :i* 0 to ! "o a /umbl+    
block1 & to ! o!r1 fooli%ness1 & :i* he 
?\ght fit only = ! babes1 & ! dev\t     
wom51 ) :om he pr9cipally dealt4  ,t !  
,new ,te/am5t inculcates an excell5t    
morality1 _c be d5i$2 = its be/ moral   
precepts 7 tak5 f ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,& if
 ! ,apo/les _h n prea*$ good morals1 h[ 
c\ld !y h expect$ to be consid]$ by !   
,g5tiles z mess5g]s f ,god8 ,= if !y _h 
inculcat$ any immoralities1 su* z       
rebellion1 murd]1 adult]y1 robb]y1      
rev5ge1 _! mission w\ld n only h be5    
disbeliev$1 b !y w\ld h und]gone capital

 puni%m5t by ! s5t5ce ( ! judge1 :i* x 0
 _! bus9ess to avoid4 ,mahomet1 ?r\gh\t 
! ,koran1 inculcates all ! virtues1 &   
po9t$ly reprobates vice ( all k9ds4 ,8  
morality is m]ely ! precepts ( ! ,old & 
,new ,te/am5ts1 modifi$ a little1 &     
express$ 9 ,arabic4 ,!y are good        
precepts1 & always to be li/5$ to )     
respect1 :]ev]1 & by :omsoev]1          
inculcat$4 ,b surely t w n prove        
,islamism to be f ,god1 nor t ,mahomet 0
 8 prophet6  ,t ! ,apo/les suff]$ dea?  
on acc\nt ( _! prea*+ ! gospel1 if all[$
 to be fact1 z said be=e1 proves no?+4  
,_m h suff]$ dea? = false & absurd      
doctr9es4 ,b :e!r any ( ! ,apo/les1     
7besides ,james :o 0 sla9 by ,h]od17 di$
 a natural1 or a viol5t dea?1 ! le>n$   
,*ri/ians d n c]ta9ly "k4 ,= !re is     
extant no au!ntic hi/ory ( ! ,apo/les1  
besides ! ,acts4 ,!re are inde$ _m      
fabul\s n>rations publi%$ by ! ,papi/s1 
call$ ,m>tyrologies1 /uff$ ) ! mo/      
extravagant lies1 :i* no le>n$ man n[   
reg>ds2 & :o !re=e w cr$it :at su* books

 say ( ! ,apo/les8 ,pet] is said 9 !m to
 h be5 put to dea? at ,rome by ,n]o1    
nev]!less mo/ ( ! le>n$ m5 ( !          
,prote/ants ass]t1 t ,pet] nev] 0 9     
,rome1 & z = ,paul1 no "o c]ta9ly kn[s  
:]e1 :51 or h[ ho f9i%$ 8 days4 ,s t if 
we 7 ev5 to all[ ! feeble argum5t (     
,m>tyrdom1 all ! influ5ce & weight giv5 
to x1 x w\ld n apply to ! ,apo/les1 :o1 
we are sure1 d]iv$ "s b5efit1 by prea*+ 
! gospel1 & are n sure t !y came to any 
h>m by x4  ,i w conclude ?is long *apt]1
 by lay+ be=e my read] "s extracts f !  
book writt5 by ,celsus1 a hea!n         
philosoph]1 aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 pres]v$  
by ,orig5 9 8 "w aga9/ ,celsus4 ,t !    
entire "w ( ,celsus is lo/1 is to be    
regrett$2 z he appe>s to h be5 a man (  
obs]vation1 ?\gh too s>ca/ic to please a
 fair inquir]2 & f ! picture giv5 by him
 ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 _! maxims1 & _!    
modes ( tea*+1 & ! subjects !y *ose =   
conv]ts1 x appe>s1 t !y 7 ! exact       
prototypes ( ! ,me?odi/s & ,%ak]s ( !   
pres5t day1 bo? sects :i* conta9        

excell5t p1 ) h>dly any fault b         
cr$ulity4  ,if !y 7i4 e4 ! tea*]s (     
,*ri/ianity17 say d n exam9e1 & ! l3 x  
is h[ev] incumb5t on !m to tea* :at ^?  
?+s are :i* !y ass]t1 & :5ce !y are     
d]iv$4  ,wisdom 9 life is a bad ?+1 b   
folly is good4  ,:y %\ld ,jesus1 :5 an  
infant1 be c>ri$ into ,egypt1 le/ he    
%\ld be murd]$8 ,god %\ld n fe> be+ put 
to dea?4  ,y say t ,god 0 s5t to s9n]s3 
b :y n to ^? :o are free f s98 ,:at h>m 
is x n to h s9n$8  ,y enc\rage s9n]s1   
because y are n able to p]suade any     
really good m53 !re=e y op5 ! doors to !
 mo/ wick$ & ab&on$4  ,"s ( !m say d n  
exam9e1 b believe1 & ?y fai? %all gave  
!e4  ,^! are our in/itutions1 say !y1   
let n any man ( le>n+ come "h1 nor any  
wise man1 nor any man ( prud5ce3 = ^!   
?+s are reckon$ evil by u4 ,b :oev] is  
unle>n$1 ignorant1 & silly1 let him come
 )\t fe>6 ,?us !y own t !y c ga9 only ! 
fooli%1 ! vulg>1 ! /upid slaves1 wom51 &
 *ildr54  ,at fir/1 :5 !y 7 b few1 !y   
agre$4 ,b :5 !y became a multitude1 !y 7

 r5t1 aga9 & aga91 & ea* w h _! own     
factions3 = facti\s spirits !y _h f !   
beg9n+4  ,all wise m5 are exclud$ f !   
doctr9e ( _! fai?2 !y call to x only    
fools1 & m5 ( a s]vile _s4  ,! prea*]s (
 _! div9e ^w only attempt to p]suade    
silly1 mean1 s5seless p]sons1 slaves1   
wom51 & *ildr54 ,:at h>m is !re 9 be+   
well-in=m$2 & bo? 9 be+1 & appe>+ a man 
( k8 ,:at ob/acle c ?is be to ! k (     
,god8 ,mu/ x n be an advantage8  ,we see
 ^! ,it9]ants %ew+ readily _! tricks to 
! vulg>1 b n approa*+ ! assemblies (    
wise m51 nor d>+ !re to %[ !mselves4 ,b 
:]ev] !y see boys1 a cr[d ( slaves1 &   
ignorant m51 !re !y ?ru/ 9 !mselves1 &  
%[ (f _! doctr9e4  ,y may see weav]s1   
tailors1 & full]s1 illit]ate & ru/ic m51
 n d>+ to utt] a ^w be=e p]sons ( age1  
exp]i5ce1 & respectability2 b :5 !y get 
hold ( boys privately1 & silly wom51 !y 
rec\nt wond]ful ?+s2 t !y mu/ n m9d _!  
fa!rs1 or _! tutors1 b obey !m2 z _!    
fa!rs1 or gu>dians are q ignorant1 & 9 !
 d>k2 b !mselves alone h ! true wisdom4 

,& if ! *ildr5 obey !m1 !y pron\nce !m  
happy1 & direct !m to leave _! fa!rs1 & 
tutors1 & g ) ! wom51 & _! play-fell[s1 
into ! *amb]s ( ! females1 or into a    
tailors1 or full]s %op1 t !y may le>n   
p]fection4  ,celsus comp>es a ,*ri/ian  
tea*] to a quack--:o promises to heal ! 
sick1 on condition t !y keep f          
intellig5t practition]s1 le/ 8 ignorance
 be detect$4  ,if "o sort ( !m          
introduces "o doctr9e1 ano!r ano!r1 &   
all jo9 9 say+1 ,believe if y w\ld be   
sav$1 or dep>t3 :at are !y to d1 :o     
desire really to be sav$8 ,are !y to    
det]m9e by ! ?r[ ( a die1 :]e !y are to 
turn !mselves1 or :i* ( ^! dem&]s (     
implicit fai? !y are to believe4        
,omitt+ :at ,celsus says reproa*fully ( 
! moral *>act]s ( ! ,apo/les1 & ! fir/  
tea*]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 = :i* we c]ta9ly  
%all n take 8 ^w2 x is easy to p]ceive f
 ! above quotations1 t !y _h m success  
among simple1 & cr$ul\s p1 ?an among !  
intellig5t1 & well-in=m$4 ,_!           
introductory lesson to _! pupils1 01    

,believe1 b d n exam9e2 & _! succe$+    
in/ructions seem to h be5 a cont9u$     
repetition1 & practice ( ! dogma (      
implicit fai?994    ,,*apt] ,x4         
,,miscellane\s  ,9 ,mat!w1 *4 v4 ,jesus 
says1 ye h he>d t x 0 said1 t %alt love 
?y neighb\r & hate ?9e enemy4' ,b ?is is
 no :]e said 9 ! ,law1 or ! ,prophets2  
b1 on ! contr>y1 we read directly !     
rev]se4 ,= x is writt51 ,ex4 xxiii4 ,if 
?\ f9d ! ox ( ?9e enemy or 8 ass go+    
a/ray1 ?\ %alt c]ta9ly br+ him back to  
him4 ,if ?\ meet ! ass ( him t hate? !e1
 ly+ "u 8 burd51 & w\lde/ =be> to help  
him1 ?\ %alt surely help him4 ,aga91    
,levit4 xix4 ,?\ %alt n hate ?y bro!r 9 
?9e he>t2 rebuke ?y neighb\r1 nor suff] 
s9 ^u him4 ,?\ %alt n rev5ge1 nor keep  
ang]1 7or be> any grudge17 aga9/ !      
*ildr5 ( ?y p2 b ?\ %alt love ?y        
neighb\r z ?yself2 ,i am ! ,"l4 ,s also 
9 ,prov4 xxxiv4  ,:5 ?9e enemy falle?1 d
 n triumph1 & :5 he /umble?1 let n ?9e  
he>t exult4 ,s also 9 *4 xxv4 ,if ?y    
enemy hung]1 give him food2 if he ?ir/1 

give him to dr9k4 ,^! precepts are to ! 
purpose1 & are practicable2 b ?is comm& 
( ,jesus1  ,love y\r enemies1 if by lov+
 he means1 d !m good1 x is comm&$ 9 !   
above passages 9 ! ,hebrew ,law4 ,b if  
by  love1 he means to look ^u !m ) !    
same affection t we feel = ^? :o love u1
 & ) :om we are connect$ by ! t5d]e/    
ties ( mature1 & fri5d%ip1 ! comm& is   
impracticable2 & ! fulfillm5t ( x       
contr>y to nature1 & ^? v in/9cts giv5 u
 by our ,creator4 ,& !re=e1 :oev] ?9ks  
he fulfills1 really fulfills ?is comm&1 
does 9 fact play ! hypocrite unkn[n to  
himself2 = ?\gh we c1 & ought to d good 
to our enemy1 yet to love him is z      
unnatural z to hate our fri5ds4  ,9 ,m>k
 *4 ii4 #be1 ,jesus says to ! ,ph>isees1
 ,h ye n read :at ,david did :5 he      
hung]$1 & ^? t 7 ) him4 ,h[ t he ent]$  
into ! h\se ( ! ,"l1 9 ! "t ( ,abia?> ! 
,high ,prie/1 & did eat ( ! %ew-bread1  
c4 ,see ! same also 9 ,mat!w1 *4 xii4   
#c4 ,luke vi4 #c4 ,n[ "h is a great     
blund]2 = ?is ?+ happ5$ 9 ! "t (        

,a*imele*1 n 9 ! "t ( ,abia?>2 = s x is 
writt51 #a ,sam4 xxi4 ,& ,david came to 
,nob1 to ,a*imele* ! ,prie/1 c4 ,& 9 !  
#bb;d *apt] x is said t ,abia?> 0 8 son4
  ,9 ,luke *4 i4 #bf1 ,! angel ,gabriel 
is said to h come f ,god to ,m>y1 :5 %e 
0 yet a virg91 esp\s$ to ,joseph1 :o 0 (
 ! h\se ( ,david1 & ann\nc$ to h] t %e  
%\ld conceive1 & be> a son1 & %\ld call 
8 "n ,jesus2 t h] holy (fspr+ %\ld be   
call$ ! ,son ( ,god1 & t ,god %\ld give 
unto him ! ?rone ( ,david 8 fa!r1 & t he
 %\ld rule ! h\se ( ,jacob = ev]1 & t to
 8 k+dom !re %\ld be no end4 ,n[ ?is    
/ory is encumb]$ ) _m difficulties1 :i* 
,i %all n consid]2 b conf9e myself to   
ask+ :]e=e1 if ^! ?+s 7 true1 did n !   
,"m ( ,jesus8 & 8 bre?r51 kn[+ ^!       
extraord9>y ?+s1 obey 8 tea*+s4 ,= x is 
c]ta91 t !y did n at fir/ believe him1  
b1 z appe>s f ! #g? *ap4 ( ,john1 d]id$ 
him4 ,besides1 nei!r did 8 "m nor 8     
bre?r51 :5 !y came to ! h\se :]e he 0   
prea*+ to simple & cr$ul\s m51 come = ! 
purpose ( be+ edifi$1 b to lay hold (   

him1 to c>ry him home1 = said !y he is  
mad1 or beside himself ,m>k iii4 #bd :i*
 c]ta9ly !y w\ld n h d>$ to d1 if ?is   
/ory ( ,lukes 7 true4 ,= _! "m w\ld h   
taught !m ( 8 miracul\s conception1 &   
extraord9>y "*4 ,moreov]1 h[ 0 x t ,god 
did n give him ! ?rone ( ,david1 z 0    
promis$ by ! ,angel to 8 ,"m8 ,= he did 
n sit ^u ! ?rone ( ,david1 nor ex]cise  
any au?ority 9 ,israel4 ,moreov]1 h[    
comes x t ,david is call$ ! ,fa!r (     
,jesus1 s9ce ,jesus 0 n ! son ( ,joseph1
 :o1 accord+ to ! ,evangeli/s drew 8    
orig9 f t k+4 ,f9ally1 ! say+ t to 8    
k+dom !re %\ld be no end1 is directly   
contradict$ by ,paul 9 ! #a/ ,epis4 to !
 ,cor4 *4 xv3 = he says !re91 t ,jesus  
%all r5d] up 8 k+dom unto ! ,fa!r1 & be 
himself subject unto him4 ,"h y see1 t !
 k+dom ( ,jesus is to h an end2 = :5 he 
r5d]s up 8 k+dom to ! ,fa!r1 he c]ta9ly 
mu/ dive/ himself ( 8 au?ority4 ,h[ !n c
 x be said1 t  to 8 k+dom !re %all be no
 end8  ,jesus says1 ,john v4 #ci1 ,& !  
,fa!r himself :i* ha? s5t me1 ha? borne 

witness ( me2 ye h nei!r he>d 8 voice at
 any "t1 c4 ,b h[ does ?is agree )      
,moses1 :o says1 ,deut4 iv4 #cc1 ,did   
ev] p he> ! voice ( ,god speak+ out ( ! 
mid/ ( fire1 z ?\ ha/ he>d8--,& we he>d 
8 voice out ( ! mid/ ( ! fire2 we h se5 
?is day1 t ,god do? talk ) man1 & he    
live?4 ,deut4 v4 #bd4  ,luke1 *4 #d1    
#ag1 ,& !y gave to ,jesus ! ,book (     
,isaiah ! ,prophet1 & he op5$ ! ,book1 &
 f\nd ?is place1 :]e x 0 writt51 ,! ,_s 
( ! ,"l is ^u me1 !re=e ha? he ano9t$ me
 to prea* ! ,gospel2 to ! poor ha? he   
s5t me1 t ,i %\ld b9d up ! brok5 9 he>t1
 proclaim lib]ty to ! captives1 & sight 
to ! bl9d2 t ,i %\ld prea* ! acceptable 
ye> ( ! ,"l4 ,& %utt+ ! ,book1 he gave x
 to ! m9i/]1 & aft]w>ds address$ !m1    
say+ ,?is day is ?is ,scripture fulfill$
 9 y\r e>s4 ,"h y see ! words :i* gave  
(f5ce2 & by turn+ to ,is4 9 loco4 *4    
lxi4 y may see ! reason :y ! inhabitants
 ( ,naz>e? arose up 9 wra? aga9/ him4 ,=
 ^! words all$g$ 9 ,luke1 are some:at   
p]v]t$ f ! orig9al 9 ,isaiah2 = ^!      

words1 & sight to ! bl9d1 are n 9       
,isaiah1 b are ins]t$ 9 ,luke = purposes
 v obvi\s4 ,& #b4 he neglects ! words   
foll[+1 & ! day ( v5geance ( our ,god1 &
 ( consolation to all :o m\rn4 ,to give 
consolation to ! m\rn]s ( ,zion2 to give
 !m beauty in/ead ( a%es1 & ! oil ( joy 
in/ead ( grief2 a g>m5t ( praise in/ead 
( a brok5 he>t1 c4 to ! end ( ! *apt]4  
,f ?is x is v cle>1 t ?is prophecy has  
no ref]5ce to ,jesus3 b ,isaiah speaks  
^! ?+s ( himself2 & ! words  ! ,"l ha?  
ano9t$ me1 signify1 ,god ha? *os51      
e/abli%$ me to decl>e--:at foll[s4 ,?is 
exposition ( ano9t+ is confirm$ f ^!    
passages2--#a ,k+s1 xix *4  ,ano9t a    
prophet 9 ?y /ead1 :]e ! s5se is1       
con/itute a prophet 9 ?y place4 ,aga91  
t\* n m9e ano9t$ ones1 & d my prophets  
no h>m1 i4 e4 ,t\* n my *os5 s]vants2 & 
s 9 sev]al o!r places4 ,! mean+1 !re=e1 
( ,isaiah is1 t ,god _h appo9t$1 &      
con/itut$ him a prophet to ann\nce ^!   
consolations to ! ,israelites1 :o 7 to  
be 9 captivity1 9 ord] t !y %\ld n      

dispair ( lib]ation2 & t !y %\ld h hope1
 :5 !y read ^? com=table words spok5 by 
! m\? ( ,isaiah1 at ! comm& ( ,god4 ,=  
he calls ! subjects ( 8 message ! brok5 
9 he>t1 ! captives1  ! m\rn]s ( ,zion1  
c4 all :i* t]ms are applicable only to !
 ,israelites4 ,t ?is is ! true          
int]pretation1 w be made fur!r evid5t to
 any imp>tial p]son1 by read+ ! context 
prec$+1 & foll[+4  ,jo4 *4 ii4 v4 #ah4  
,! ,jews said to ,jesus1 :at sign %[e/  
?\ to u1 t ?\ doe/ ^! ?+s8 ,jesus answ]$
 & said unto !m1 ,de/roy ?is temple1 & 9
 ?ree days ,i w raise x up4 ,! ,jews    
answ]$1 say+1 =ty & six ye>s 0 ?is      
temple 9 build+1 & wilt ?\ build x 9    
?ree days8 ,! ,jews c\ld nev] h spok5 ^!
 words1 "h relat$2 = ! temple !n /&+ 0  
built by ,h]od1 :o reign$ b ?irty-sev5  
ye>s1 & built x 9 eight ye>s4 ,?is1     
!re=e1 mu/ be a blund] ( ! ,evangeli/s4 
,jo4 xiii4 v4 #ba4 ,jesus says to 8     
,disciples1 a new comm&m5t ,i give unto 
y1 t ye love "o ano!r4 ,?is is n true1 =
 ! love ( man t[>ds 8 neighb\r1 0 n a   

new precept1 b at lea/ z anci5t z       
,moses1 :o gives x1 ,levit4 xix4 z !    
comm& ( ,god1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r 
z ?yself4  ,acts vii4 v4 #d4 ,:5 he     
7,abraham7 w5t out ( ! l& ( ! ,*aldees1 
he dwelt 9 ,*>ran2 f !nce aft] 8 fa!r 0 
dead1 he l$ him into ?is l& 9 :i* ye    
dwell4 ,?is directly contradicts ! *apt]
 9 ,g5esis :]e ! /ory ( ,abraham's leav+
 ,h>an is relat$2 = x is c]ta9 f !nce1 t
 ,abraham left 8 fa!r ,t]ah 9 ,h>an     
alive1 :5 he dep>t$ !nce4 ,& he did n   
die till _m ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,?is         
*ronological contradiction has giv5 mu* 
tr\ble to ,*ri/ian ,comm5tators1 z may  
be se5 9 ,:itby1 ,hammond1 c4 c4  ,v4   
#ad1 ,/eph5 says1 ,jacob !re=e desc5d$  
into ,egypt1 & our ,fa!rs1 & !re di$4 ,&
 !y 7 c>ri$ to ,si*em1 & buri$ 9 !      
sepul*re :i* ,abraham b\ght f ! ,sons ( 
,hemor ! ,fa!r ( ,si*em4 ,"h is ano!r   
blund]2 = ?is piece ( l& 0 n pur*as$ by 
,abraham1 b by ,jacob4 ,g54 xlix4 #bi2 s
 also see ! end ( ,jo%ua4 ,b x is       
evid5t1 t ,/eph5 has conf\nd$ ! /ory ( !

 pur*ase ( ! field ( ,ma*pelah1 record$ 
9 ,g54 xxiii4 ) ! circum/ances relat$   
conc]n+ ! pur*ase by ,jacob4  ,9 v4 #dc 
( ! same *apt]1 !re is ano!r disagreem5t
 betwe5 ,/eph5's quotation f ,amos1 & ! 
orig9al4 ,9 ! ,acts ! quotation         
is1--,yea1 ye took up ! tab]nacle (     
,molo*1 & ! ,/> ( y\r ,god4 ,remphan1   
figures :i* ye made to wor%ip !m1 & ,i w
 c>ry y away beyond ,babylon4 ,9 ,amos1 
*4 v4 #bf--;,b ye h borne ! tab]nacle ( 
,molo* & ,*9n y\r images1 ! ,/> ( y\r   
,god :i* ye made1 c4  ,s also !re is 9 !
 spee* ( ,james1 ,acts xv4 a quotation f
 ,amos1 9 :i* to make x fit ! subject1  
7:i* aft] all x does n fit17 is !       
sub/itution ( ! words1 ! remnant ( m51 =
 ! words1 remnant ( ,edom1 z x is 9 !   
orig9al4  ,all ^! mi/akes1 besides o!rs 
to be met ) 9 almo/--,i 0 go+ to say 9 e
 page1 ( ^! ,hi/ories ( ,jesus & 8      
,apo/les1 suffici5tly %[ h[ sup]ficial 0
 ! acqua9tance ( ^! m5 ) ! ,old         
,te/am5t1 & h[ grossly1 ei!r ?r\gh      
design or ignorance1 !y h p]v]t$ x4     

,inde$ f ^! mi/akes alone1 ,i %\ld be l$
 /rongly to suspect1 t ! ,books ( ! ,new
 ,te/am5t 7 writt5 by ,g5tiles1 z ,i c  
h>dly conceive t any ,jew c\ld h quot$ 8
 ,bible 9 su* a blund]+ mann]4          
,,*apt] ,,xi4  ,,:e!r ,,! ,,mosaic ,,law
 ,,be ,,repres5t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,old         
,,te/am5t ,,z ,a ,,tempor>y1 ,,or ,a    
,,p]petual ,,in/itution4  ,a v great "p 
( ,dogmatic ,!ology among ,*ri/ians is  
f\nd$ ^u ! notion t ! ,jewi% ,law 0 a   
tempor>y disp5sation1 only to exi/ till 
! com+ ( ,jesus1 :5 x 0 to be sup]s$$ by
 a m p]fect disp5sation4  ,on ! contr>y1
 ! ,jews are p]suad$ t _! ,law is (     
p]petual obligation1 & ! ,doctr9e ( !   
,tr9ity itself is h>dly m (f5sive to !m1
 &1 z !y ?9k1 m contradictory to !      
,scriptures1 ?an ! notion ( ! abrogation
 ( x4 ,n[1 t ! ,jews are on ! "r side ( 
?is "q1 i4 e41 argu+ f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 
,i %all endeav\r to prove by sev]al     
argum5ts4 ,!y are all compris$ 9 ^!     
positions1 #a4 ,t ! ,mosaic ,in/itutions
 are mo/ solemnly1 & repeat$ly decl>$ to

 be p]petual2 & we h no acc\nt ( _! be+ 
abrogat$1 or to be abrogat$ 9 ! ,old    
,te/am5t4 #b4 ,!y are decl>$ to be      
p]petual by ,jesus himself1 & 7 adh]$ to
 by ! twelve apo/les4  #a4 ,no?+ c be m 
expressly ass]t$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ?an !
 p]petual obligation ( ^? rites :i* 7 to
 di/+ui% ! ,jews f o!r nations4 ,x      
appe>s1 = in/ance1 7f ! #ag? *4 (       
,g5esis17 9 ! t5or ( ! cov5ant made )   
,abraham1 t circumcision 0 to di/+ui% 8 
po/]ity1 to ! end ( "t4 ,x is call$ an  
ev]la/+ cov5ant to be kept by 8 po/]ity 
?r\gh all _! g5]ations4 ,see ! *4 :]e ! 
condition ( ! cov5ant is1 t ,god w\ld   
give to ,abraham & 8 po/]ity1 ! p]petual
 inh]itance ( ! promis$ l& ) :atev]     
privileges 7 impli$ 9 8 be+ _! ,god1 on 
condition t _! male *ildr5 7 circumcis$ 
9 te/imony ( putt+ !mselves "u t        
cov5ant4 ,!re is no limitation ) respect
 to "t2 nay x is expressly said t !     
cov5ant %\ld be p]petual4  ,! ord9ance (
 ! ,passov] is also said to be p]petual1
 ,ex4 xii4 #ad1 c4 ,& ?is day %all be   

unto y = a memorial1 & y %all keep x z a
 fea/ to ! ,"l ?r\gh\t y\r g5]ations4 ,y
 %all keep x a fea/ by an ord9ance =    
ev]4 ,?is is repeat$ aft]w>ds1 & !      
obs]vance ( ?is rite is conf9$ to       
,israelites1 ,proselytes1 & slaves :o   
%\ld be circumcis$1 v4 #dh4  ,!         
obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? 0 nev] to be      
discont9u$1 ,ex4 xxxi4 #af4 ,:]e=e !    
*ildr5 ( ,israel %all keep ! ,sabba?    
?r\gh\t _! g5]ations1 = a p]petual      
cov5ant4 ,x is a sign betwe5 me & !     
*ildr5 ( ,israel = ev]4  ,! appo9tm5t ( 
! ,family ( ,a>on to be ,prie/s1 0 to   
cont9ue z long z ! ,israelites %\ld be a
 nation4 ,see ,lev4 vii4 #ce4  ,! ,fea/ 
( ,tab]nacles 0 to be =ev]4 ,lev4 xxiii4
 #da4 ,x %all be a /atute = ev]1 9 y\r  
g5]ations4 ,! obs]vance ( ?is ,fe/ival  
is p>ticul>ly m5tion$ 9 ! prophecies1   
:i* =etell a future settlem5t ( ! ,jews 
9 _! own l&1 z obligatory on all ! _w2 z
 if an union ( wor%ip at ,j]usalem 0 to 
be1 accord+ to !m1 effect$ among all    
nations by ! unit$ obs]vance ( ?is      

,fe/ival !re1 see ,ze*4 #ad2 :at he !re 
says is confirm$ by :at ,isaiah         
propheci$ conc]n+ ! same p]iod4 ,is4 #b4
 ,x %all come to pass 9 ! la/ days1 t ! 
m\nta9 ( ! ,"l's h\se %all be e/abli%$ 9
 ! top ( ! m\nta9s1 & %all be exalt$    
above ! hills1 & all nations %all fl[   
unto x4 ,& _m p %all g1 & say1 ,come ye1
 & let u g up to ! m\nta9 ( ! ,"l1 to ! 
h\se ( ! ,god ( ,jacob1 & ,he w tea* u (
 8 ways1 & we w walk 9 8 pa?s4 ,= out ( 
,zion %all g =? ! ,law1 & ! ^w ( ! ,"l f
 ,j]usalem4 ,& he %all judge among !    
nations1 & rebuke _m p1 & !y %all beat  
_! swords into pl\gh%>es1 & _! spe>s    
into prun+ hooks4 ,nation4 %all n lift  
up sword aga9/ nation1 nei!r %all !y    
le>n w> any m4  ,) respect to all !     
,laws ( ,moses1 x is evid5t f ! mann] 9 
:i* !y 7 promulgat$1 t !y 7 int5d$ to be
 ( p]petual obligation ^u ! ,hebrew     
nation1 & t by ! obs]vance ( !m !y 7 to 
be di/+ui%$ f ! o!r nations1 see ,deut4 
xxvi4 #af4  ,! obs]vance ( _! peculi>   
,laws 0 ! express condition on :i* !    

,israelites 7 to cont9ue 9 possession ( 
! promis$ l&2 & ?\gh on acc\nt ( _!     
disob$i5ce !y 7 to be driv5 out ( x1 !y 
_h ! /ronge/ assurances giv5 !m t !y    
%\ld nev] be utt]ly de/roy$1 l _m o!r   
nations :o %\ld oppress !m2 b t on _!   
rep5tance ,god w\ld ga!r !m f ! remote  
p>ts ( ! _w1 & br+ !m to _! own c\ntry  
aga94 ,& bo? ,moses1 & ! lat] ,prophets 
assure !m1 t 9 consequ5ce ( _! becom+   
ob$i5t to ,god 9 all ?+s1 :i* x is      
ass]t$ !y w1 7& :i* may be ! natural    
consequ5ce ( ! discipl9e !y w h gone    
?r\gh17 !y %all be cont9u$ 9 ! peaceable
 enjoym5t ( ! l& ( promise1 9 its       
greate/ ext5t to ! end ( "t4 ,see to ?is
 purpose ,deut4 iv4 #be1 c42 also4      
,deut4 #cj1 :]e x is ?us writt54  ,& x  
%all come to pass1 :5 all ^! ?+s are    
come ^u !e1 ! bless+ & ! curse1 :i* ,i h
 set be=e !e1 & %alt call !m to m9d     
among all ! nations :i!r ! ,"l ?y ,god  
ha? driv5 !e2 & %alt return unto ! ,"l  
?y ,god1 & %all obey 8 voice accord+ to 
all t ,i comm& !e ?is day1 ?\ & ?y      

*ildr51 ) all ?y he>t1 & ) all ?y s\l2  
t1 !n1 ! ,"l ?y ,god w turn ?y          
captivity1 & h compassion ^u !e1 & w    
return1 & ga!r !e f all ! nations :i!r !
 ,"l ?y ,god ha? scatt]$ !e4 ,if any (  
?9e be driv5 out unto ! utmo/ p>ts (    
heav51 f !nce w ! ,"l ?y ,god ga!r !e1 &
 f !nce w he fet* !e4 ,& ! ,"l ?y ,god w
 br+ !e unto ! ,l& :i* ?y ,fa!rs        
possess$1 & ?\ %alt possess x1 & ,he w d
 !e good1 & multiply !e above ?y ,fa!rs4
 ,& ! ,"l ?y ,god w circumcise ?y he>t1 
& ! he>t ( ?y se$1 to love ! ,"l ?y ,god
 ) all ?y he>t1 & ) all ?y s\l1 t ?\    
maye/ live2 & ! ,"l ?y ,god w put all ^!
 curses ^u ?9e enemies1 & on !m t hate  
!e1 :i* p]secut$ !e4 ,& ?\ %alt return1 
& obey ! voice ( ! ,"l1 & d all 8       
comm&m5ts :i* ,i comm& !e ?is day4 c4   
,:at an ext5t ( prophecy1 & h[ firm a   
fai? 9 ! :ole ( x d we see "h6 7says    
,dr4 ,prie/ly47 ,! ,israelites 7 n !n 9 
! l& ( ,canaan4 ,x 0 occupi$ by nations 
f> m num]\s1 & p[]ful ?an !y2 & yet x is
 di/9ctly =etold 9 ! #d? *4 t !y w\ld   

soon take possession ( x1 & multiply 9  
x3 & t aft]w>ds !y w\ld (f5d ,god by _! 
idolatry1 & wick$ness1 & w\ld 9         
con-sequ5ce ( x be driv5 out ( _!       
c\ntry2 & )\t be+ ext]m9at$ or lo/1 be  
scatt]$ among ! nations ( ! _w2 t by ?is
 disp]sion1 & _! calamities1 !y w\ld at 
l5g? be re=m$1 & re/or$ to ! div9e      
fav\r1 & t !n 7z 9 ! quotation7 9 !     
latt] days !y w\ld be ga!r$ f all       
nations1 & re/or$ to _! own c\ntry1 :5  
!y w\ld obs]ve all ! laws :i* 7 !n      
prescrib$ to !m4 ,pa/ hi/ory1 & pres5t  
appe>ances1 correspond ) su* wond]ful   
exactness to :at has be5 fulfill$ ( ?is 
prophecy1 t we c h no d\bt ) respect to 
! complete accompli%m5t ( :at rema9s to 
be fulfill$ ( x4  ,:at 0 fir/ ann\nc$ by
 ,moses1 is repeat$ by ,isaiah & o!r    
prophets1 assur+ !m ( _! c]ta9 return   
:]ev] disp]s$1 to _! own l& 9 ! latt]   
days2 & t !y %\ld h ! undi/urb$         
possession ( x to ! end ( "t4  ,x has   
be5 object$1 t ! t]m = ev] is n always  
to be und]/ood 9 its greate/ extant1 b  

is to be int]pret$ accord+ to           
circum/ances4 ,?is = ! sake ( sav+ "t ,i
 w ackn[l$ge4 ,b ! circum/ances 9 :i*   
?is phrase is us$ 9 ! passages already  
adduc$1 & 9 a numb] ( o!rs ( simil>     
import :i* might be adduc$1 cle>ly      
indicate1 t x is to be und]/ood 9 ^?    
passages to mean a p]iod z long z !     
duration ( ! ,israeliti% nation1 :i*    
else:]e is said to cont9ue to ! end ( ! 
_w4  ,= ?is reason1 among o!rs1 ?is f9al
 return ( ! ,jews f _! pres5t disp]s$   
/ate1 _c at any rate be said to h be5   
accompli%$ at _! return f ! ,babyloni%  
captivity4  ,= t captivity 0 n by any   
means su* a total disp]sion ( ! p among 
all nations1 z ,moses1 & ! lat] prophets
 h =etold4 ,nor does _! possession ( !  
c\ntry subsequ5t to x1 at all correspond
 to t /ate ( peace1 & prosp]ity1 :i* 0  
promis$ to succe$ ?is f9al return4      
,figures ( spee* mu/1 no d\bt1 be all[$ 
=4 ,b if ! :ole ( ! ,jewi% polity 0 to  
t]m9ate at ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by  
,titus1 7z is ma9ta9$ by ,*ri/ians17    

:ile ! _w is /ill to cont9ue1 !         
magnific5t promises made to ,abraham1 & 
8 po/]ity1 & to ! nation1 9 g5]al1      
aft]w>ds1 h nev] _h any prop]           
accompli%m5t ( all4 ,because ) respect  
to ext]nal prosp]ity1 :i* is conta9$ 9 !
 promises1 _m nations h hi!rto be5 m    
di/+ui%$ by ,god1 ?an ! ,jews4 ,hi!rto !
 po/]ity ( ,i%mael has _h a mu* happi]  
lot ?an t ( ,isaac4 ,to say1 z ,*ri/ians
 d1 t ^! prophecies h _h a spiritual    
accompli%m5t 9 ! spread ( ! ,gospel1 :5 
!re is no?+ 9 ! phraseology 9 :i* !     
promises are express$1 t c\ld possibly  
sugge/ any su* ideas1 nay1 :5 ! promise 
itself 9 ! mo/ def9ite language         
expresses ! contr>y1 is s arbitr>y a    
con/ruction z no?+ c w>rant4 ,by ?is    
mode ( int]pretation1 any ev5t may be   
said to be ! fulfillm5t ( any prophecy  
:atev]4  ,besides1 x is p]fectly evid5t1
 t ^! prophecies1 :e!r !y w be fulfill$1
 or n1 _c yet h be5 fulfill$4 ,= all !  
calamity t 0 ev] to befall ! ,jewi%     
nation is expressly said to be> no      

s5sible proportion to _! subsequ5t      
prosp]ity3 :]eas1 _! prosp]ity has      
hi!rto borne a small proportion to _!   
calamity2 s t _h ,abraham really =ese5 !
 fate ( 8 po/]ity1 he w\ld on ?is idea1 
h _h little reason to rejoice 9 !       
prospect4  ,x may be said1 t ! prosp]ity
 ( ! desc5dants ( ,abraham1 0 to dep5d  
on a condition1 viz41 _! ob$i5ce1 & t   
?is condition 0 n fulfill$4 ,b1 besides 
t ! ,div9e ,be+ mu/ h =ese5 ?is         
circum/ance1 & !re=e mu/ h kn[n t he 0  
only tantaliz+ ,abraham ) a promise :i* 
w\ld nev] be accompli%$2 ?is disob$i5ce1
 & ! consequ5ces ( x are expressly      
m5tion$ by ,moses1 & ! o!r ,prophets1   
only z a tempor>y ?+1 & :at 0 to be     
succe$$ by an effectual rep5tance1 &    
p]petual ob$i5ce1 & prosp]ity4  ,among  
o!rs1 let ! foll[+ prophecy ( ,isaiah 79
 :i* ! future security ( ,israel is     
comp>$ to ! security ( ! _w f a second  
deluge7 be consid]$1 & let any imp>tial 
p]son say1 :e!r ! language does n       
necess>ily lead ^? :o believe ! ,old    

,te/am5t1 to ! expectation ( a mu* m    
durable /ate ( ,glory1 & ,happ9ess1 ?an 
has1 z yet1 fall5 to ! lot ( ! po/]ity (
 ,abraham4  ,is4 #ed1 #g4 ,= a small    
mom5t h ,i =sak5 !e1 b ) great m]cies w 
,i ga!r !e4 ,9 a little wra? ,i hid my  
face f !e = a mom5t1 b ) ev]la/+ k9dness
 w ,i h m]cy on !e1 sai? ! ,"l1 ?y      
,r$eem]4 ,= ?is is z ! wat]s ( ,noah    
unto me4 ,= z ,i h sworn t ! wat]s (    
,noah %\ld no m g ov] ! e>?1 g h ,i     
sworn1 t ,i w\ld n be wro? ) !e1 nor    
rebuke !e4 ,= ! m\nta9s %all or may     
dep>t1 & ! hills be remov$1 b my k9dness
 %all n dep>t f !e1 nei!r %all ! cov5ant
 ( my peace be remov$1 sai? ! ,"l t ha? 
m]cy on !e4--,all ?y *ildr5 %all be     
taught ( ! ,"l1 & great %all be ! peace 
( ?y *ildr54 ,9 righte\sness %alt ?\ be 
e/abli%$4 ,?\ %alt be f> f oppression1 =
 ?\ %alt n fe>2 & f t]ror1 = x %all n   
come nigh !e4 ,no weapon =m$ aga9/ !e1  
%all prosp]1 & e tongue t %all rise     
aga9/ !e 9 judgm5t1 ?\ %alt condemn4    
,?is is ! h]itage ( ! s]vants ( ! ,"l1 &

 _! righte\sness is ( me1 sai? ! ,"l4   
,"h1 z also 9 ,moses1 & o!r ,prophets1  
an e/abli%m5t 9 righte\sness is promis$ 
to ! ,israelites1 su* z %all secure _!  
future prosp]ity2 & ?is promise has n   
yet be5 fulfill$4 ,! promise ( future   
virtue z connect$ ) _! future happ9ess1 
is also cle>ly express$ 9 ,j]4 *4 iii4  
#ah4  ,_h ! ,jewi% nation become ext9ct1
 or likely to become s1 x might1 ) "s   
plausibility1 h be5 said by ,*ri/ians1 t
 ! purposes ( ,god conc]n+ !m 7 actually
 fulfill$1 &1 !re=e1 t ! words ( !      
promise mu/ h _h "s o!r signification   
?an t :i* 0 mo/ obvi\s4 ,b ! ,jews are z
 mu* a di/9ct p z !y ev] 71 & !re=e seem
 res]v$ = "s future /range de/9ation4   
,on ! :ole1 x mu/ be all[$1 t !         
settlem5t ( ,israel 9 ! l& ( ,canaan1   
=etold ) su* emphasis by ! ,prophets1 is
 a settlem5t :i* has n yet tak5 place1 b
 may take place 9 t p]iod s frequ5tly1 &
 s emphatically1 di/+ui%$ by ! title ( !
 latt] days2 & !re=e t :atev] is said ( 
,jewi% cu/oms1 or modes ( wor%ip 9 !    

latt] days8 is a pro( ( ! meant         
re/oration ( _! anci5t religi\s rites4  
,t ! in/itutions ( ! ,mosaic ,law are to
 be cont9u$ on ! re/oration ( ! ,jews to
 _! own l& aft] _! utt] disp]sion1 is   
ass]t$ by ,moses himself 9 "o ( !       
passages already quot$2 b is m cle>ly   
express$ by ! subsequ5t ,prophets4 ,9 "s
 ( _! prophecies1 p>ticul> m5tion is    
made ( ! obs]vance ( ,jewi% fe/ivals1 & 
( sacrifices2 & 9 ,eze*iel we f9d a     
description ( a magnific5t ,temple1 :i* 
be+ closely connect$ ) 8 prophecy ( !   
future happy /ate ( ! ,israelites 9 _!  
own l&1 _c be und]/ood ( any o!r ?an a  
,temple :i* is !n1 accord+ to ! ,hebrew 
,prophets1 to be re>$ ) great]          
magnific5ce ?an ev]4 ,m5tion is also    
made ( ! ,glory ( ! ,"l1 or t effulg5t  
,%e*9ah :i* 0 ! symbol ( ! div9e        
pres5ce1 fill+ ?is ,temple1 z x did t ( 
,solomon4  ,eze*4 xliii4 #a1 c4 ,aft]w>d
 he br\ght me to ! gate1 ev5 ! gate t   
looke? t[>d ! ,ea/2 & behold ! glory ( !
 ,"l came f ! way ( ! ,ea/1 & 8 voice 0 

l ! noise ( _m wat]s1 & ! ,e>? %9$ ) 8  
,glory4--,& ! ,glory ( ! ,"l came into !
 h\se by ! way ( ! gate1 ^: prospect is 
t[>d ! ,ea/4 ,s ! ,_s took me up1 &     
br\ght me into ! inn] c\rt1 & behold !  
,glory ( ! ,"l fill$ ! h\se4--,& he said
 unto me1 ,son ( man1 ! place ( my      
,?rone1 & ! place ( ! soles ( my feet1  
:]e ,i w dwell 9 ! mid/ ( ! *ildr5 (    
,israel = ev]1 & my holy "n %all ! h\se 
( ,israel no m defile1 c4  ,t[>ds ! end 
( ! same *apt] we read an acc\nt ( !    
d$ication ( ?is new ,temple by          
sacrifices2 & p>ticul> directions are   
giv5 9 ! succe$+ *apt]s = ! ,prie/s1 & =
 ! ,pr9ce4 ,if1 !re=e1 !re be any tru? 9
 ^! prophecies1 ! ,jews are n only to   
return to _! own c\ntry1 & to be        
di/+ui%$ among ! nations1 b are to      
rebuild ! ,temple1 & to re/ore ! anci5t 
wor%ip4  ,hav+ prov$ t ! ,old ,te/am5t  
decl>es ! p]petuity ( ! ,mosaic ,law1 ,i
 proce$1 #b;dly1 to prove t x is decl>$ 
to be p]petual by ,jesus himself4  ,b   
be=e ,i adduce my pro(s1 ,i beg leave to

 premise1 t :5 any ,law is solemnly     
enact$1 we expect t ! abrogation ( x    
%\ld be equally solemn1 & express1 9    
ord] t no room = dispute may rema9 ^u ! 
subject4 ,accord+ly1 x is ! cu/om1 ,i   
believe1 9 all c\ntries1 n to make any  
new ,law1 contradictory to ano!r be=e   
subsi/+1 )\t a previ\s express          
abrogation ( ! old "o4 ,& c]ta9ly x     
appe>s to me a /range notion to suppose1
 t ! elaborate & noble ,law giv5 f m\nt 
,s9ai amid/ circum/ances unexampl$1     
awful1 & trem5d\sly magnific5t1 &       
believ$ to h be5 decl>$ by ! voice (    
,god to be a p]petual & ev]la/+ ,code1  
%\ld vani%1 p]i%1 & be annihilat$ by !  
m]e dictum ( twelve fi%]m566  ,b ! fact 
is o!rwise1 = ,jesus 0 s f> f tea*+ !   
abrogation ( t law1 t he expressly      
says-- ,?9k n t ,i am come to de/roy !  
law1 or ! ,prophets1 ,i am n come to    
de/roy1 b to fulfill4 ,= v]ily ,i say   
unto y1 till heav5 & e>? pass1 "o jot1  
or "o tittle %all 9 no wise pass f !    
law1 till all be fulfill$4 ,?is is a mo/

 explicit decl>ation t n ! smalle/      
punctilio 9 ! law ( ,moses 0 int5d$ to  
be set aside by ! ,gospel4 ,nay m1 he   
expressly comm&$ 8 disciples to ! same  
purpose--,! ,scribes & ,ph>isees 7says  
he17 sit 9 ,moses seat2 all !re=e       
:atsoev] !y comm& y1 t obs]ve1 & d4  ,x 
is said 9 answ] to ?is by ,*ri/ian      
,div9es1 t 8 disc\rse relates to ?+s ( a
 moral nature1 & t he only meant1 t no  
"p ( ! ,moral ,law 0 to be aboli%$4 ,b  
besides t ! expression is g5]al1 !re    
c\ld be no occasion to make s solemn a  
decl>ation aga9/ :at he c\ld n h be5    
suspect$ ( int5d+1 viz4 ( aboli%+ !     
moral law4 ,he seems 9 8 disc\rse to h  
_h 9 view ! additions t _h be5 made to !
 law4 ,^! he sets aside1 b no "p ( !    
orig9al law itself4  ,x has also be5    
urg$ t by fulfill+1 may be meant su* an 
accompli%m5t ( x z w\ld imply ! sup]s$+ 
( x :5 ! purposes = :i* x 0 in/itut$    
%\ld be answ]$4 ,to sil5ce ?is          
explication x w be suffici5t to produce 
a few out ( _m passages ( ! ,new        

,te/am5t :]e ! t]m fulfil occurs 9      
connexion ) ! t]m law4 ,?us ,paul says1 
,gal4 v4 #ad1 ,all ! law is fulfill$ 9  
"o ^w1 ev5 9 ?is1 ?\ %alt love ?y       
neighb\r z ?yself1 & aga94 ,rom4 xiii4  
#h1 ,he t love? ano!r1 ha? fulfill$ !   
law4 ,b c]ta9ly1 not)/&+ ?is fulfilm5t (
 ! moral law1 x rema9s 9 z full =ce z   
ev]4  ,! ,apo/les und]/ood ,jesus to    
mean z we h ass]t$4 ,= x is evid5t f !  
,acts1 t ! ,*ri/ians at ,j]usalem 7     
zeal\s 9 atta*m5t to ! law ( ,moses2 ?is
 is evid5t f _! surprise at ,pet]'s     
conduct ) reg>d to ,cornelius2 & 9 !    
dispute ab\t impos+ circumcision ^u !   
,g5tiles2 obs]ve !re 0 no dispute ab\t  
its be+ obligatory ^u ,jews4  ,paul 0   
inde$ vehem5tly accus$ ( tea*+ a contr>y
 doctr9e1 z we f9d 9 ! hi/ory ( !       
transactions respect+ him 9 8 la/ j\rney
 to ,j]usalem4 ,acts xxi4 #ba1 ,!y 7i4  
e4 ! ,*ri/ians7 are in=m$ ( !e 7says    
,james to ,paul7 t ?\ tea*e/ all ! ,jews
 :i* are among ! ,g5tiles1 to =sake     
,moses1 say+ t !y ought n to circumscise

 _! *ildr51 nei!r to walk aft] ! cu/om4 
,"h ,james gives ,paul to und]/& t he   
consid]$ ! report z a calumny1 &        
accord+ly1 to conv9ce ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians
 t x 0 a false report1 he advises ,paul 
to be at *>ges ) "s ,jewi% ,*ri/ians1 :o
 7 "u a v[ ( ,naz>itism1 7:i* is an     
in/ance 9 po9t to prove t ! fir/        
,*ri/ians kept ! law17 & ?us publicly   
manife/ t he himself walk$ ord]ly1 &    
kept ! law4 ,paul complies ) ?is advice1
 & purifi$ himself 9 ! temple1 & did :at
 0 done 9 l cases by ! /ricte/ ,jews4   
,he also circumcis$ ,timo?y1 :o 0 a     
conv]t to ,*ri/ianity1 because he 0 !   
son ( a ,jewi% ,"m4 ,& he solemnly      
decl>$ 9 op5 c\rt4 ,acts xxv4 #h1 ,aga9/
 ! law ( ! ,jews1 nei!r aga9/ ! ,temple1
 h ,i (f5d$ any ?+ at all1 & aga91 to ! 
,jews at ,rome1 ,acts xxviii41 #g1 he   
assures !m t he _h done no?+ aga9/ ! p1 
or ! cu/oms ( ! fa!rs4  ,b "s m5 w say1 
did n ,paul expressly tea* ! abrogation 
( ! law1 9 8 ,epi/les1 especially 9 t to
 ! ,galatians8 ,i answ]1 he und\bt$ly   

did2 & 9 s do+ he contradict$ ! ,old    
,te/am5t1 8 ma/] ,jesus1 ! twelve       
,apo/les1 & himself too4 ,b h[ c ?is be8
 ,i answ]1 x is none ( my conc]n to     
reconcile ! conduct ( ,paul2 or to def5d
 8 equivocations4 ,x is pretty cle>1 t  
he did n d>e to prea* ?is doctr9e at    
,j]usalem4 ,he conf9$ ?is hidd5 wisdom1 
to ! ,g5tiles4 ,to ! ,jews he became z a
 ,jew2 & to ! uncircumcis$ z "o         
uncircumcis$1 he 0 all ?+s to all m56 & 
= ?is conduct he gives y 8 reason1 viz4 
t he 0 det]m9$ at any rate to ga9 "s4   
,if ?is be d\ble deal+1 dissimulation1 &
 equivocation1 ,i _c help x2 x is none (
 my conc]n1 ,i leave x to !             
,comm5tators1 & ! reconciliators1 !     
disciples ( ,sur5husius2 let !m look to 
x2 p]haps !y c hunt up "s tradition>y   
rules ( int]pretation among ! ,jews1 t w
 help !m to expla9 ! matt]4  ,la/ly1 x  
has be5 said t !re 0 no occasion =      
,jesus1 or 8 ,apo/les to be v explicit )
 respect to ! abolition ( ! laws (      
,moses1 s9ce ! ,temple 0 to be soon     

de/roy$1 :5 ! ,jewi% wor%ip w\ld cease (
 c\rse4  ,?is argum5t1 flimsy z x is1 is
 nev]!less ! in/> omnium ( ! ,*ri/ian   
,div9es to prove ! aboli%m5t ( ?is ,law3
 7= ! o!r argum5ts adduc$ by !m z       
prophecies ( x f ! #a *4 ( ,isaiah1 & "s
 ( ! ,psalms1 are no?+1 to ! purpose2 !y
 be+ m]ely decl>ations ( ,god1 t he     
pref]r$ ob$i5ce 9 ! weighti] matt]s ( ! 
,law2 ,ju/ice1 ,m]cy1 & ,hol9ess1 to    
c]emonial obs]vances2 & t rep5tance 0 ( 
m avail ) him ?an (f]+ ?\s&s ( rams1 &  
f$ bea/s17 & ?is argum5t l s _m o!rs1 :5
 weigh$ 9 ! balance1 w be f\nd want+4   
,=1 z ! de/ruction ( ! ,temple by       
,nebu*adnezz> c]ta9ly did n aboli% !    
,law1 s nei!r did ! de/ruction by       
,titus1 d x4 ,& z x w\ld be notori\sly  
absurd to ma9ta9 ! fir/1 s x is equally 
s to ma9ta9 ! la/1 position4 ,besides1 a
 v consid]able "p ( t ,law c be1 & = ^! 
sev5te5 hundr$ ye>s1 has be5 kept )\t ! 
,temple4 ,z = example1 circumcision1    
di/9ction ( meats1 & _m o!rs4 ,& :51 if 
ev]1 !y %all return to _! own l&1 &     

rebuild ! ,temple1 !y w !n1 accord+ to !
 ,old ,te/am5t1 obs]ve ! :ole1 & )      
great] spl5d\r ?an ev]4    ,,*apt]      
,,xii4  ,,on ,,! ,,"* ,,( ,,paul ,,& ,,8
 ,,mann] ,,( ,,reason+4   ,z ,*ri/ians  
lay great /ress ^u _! argum5t = ! tru? (
 _! ,religion1 d]iv$ f ! suppos$        
miracul\s conv]sion ( ,paul2 & s9ce     
almo/ ! :ole ( ,sy/ematic ,*ri/ianity is
 built ^u ! f\ndation ( ! ,epi/les      
ascrib$ to him1 we %all pay a little m  
att5tion to 8 "* & writ+s4  ,paul 0     
evid5tly a man ( no small capacity1 a   
fi]y temp]1 great subtilty1 &           
consid]ably well v]s$ 9 ,jewi%          
,tradition>y1 & ,cabbali/ic ,le>n+1 & n 
unacqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples ( ! ,philosophy
 call$ ! ,ori5tal4 ,he is said by ,luke 
to h be5 conv]t$ to ,*ri/ianity by a    
spl5did app>ition ( ,jesus1 :o /ruck him
 to ! gr\nd by ! glory ( 8 appe>ance4 ,b
 by ! ,jews & ! ,naz>5e ,*ri/ians1 he is
 repres5t$ z hav+ be5 conv]t$ to        
,*ri/ianity f a diff]5t cause4 ,!y say t
 be+ a man ( tri$ abilities & ( "s note1

 he dem&$ ! ,high ,prie/s daught] 9     
m>riage1 & be+ refus$1 8 ra% & rageful  
temp]1 & a desire ( rev5ge1 drove him to
 jo9 ! sect ( ! ,naz>5es1 at t "t beg9n+
 to become tr\blesome to ! ,sanh$rim4   
,h[ev] ?is may be1 :e!r he became a     
,*ri/ian f conviction1 or f ambition2 x 
is c]ta9 f ! ,acts t he always 0        
consid]$ by ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians1 z a     
suspect$ "*2 & x is evid5t t he taught a
 diff]5t doctr9e f t promulgat$ by !    
twelve apo/les4 ,& ?is 0 ! true cause ( 
! great difficulty he 0 evid5tly "u (   
keep+ /eady to him1 8 ,g5tile conv]ts4  
,= x is evid5t f ! ,epi/les to !        
,galatians1 & ! ,cor9?ians1 t ! ,jewi%  
,*ri/ians repres5t$ ,paul to !m z n s\nd
 9 ! ,fai?1 b z tea*+ a diff]5t doctr9e 
f t ( ! ,twelve1 & s influ5tial 7 ^!    
repres5tations1 t ,paul _h ! greate/    
difficulty 9 keep+ !m to 8 ,sy/em4  ,t  
!re 7 two ,p>ties1 or ,s*ools 9 ! fir/  
,*ri/ian *ur*1 viz4 ! adh]5ts ( !       
,apo/les1 & ! ,disciples ( ,paul1 is    
evid5t f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & has be5     

fully1 & unansw]ably prov$ by ! le>n$   
,seml]1 ! greate/ s*ol> c]ta9ly 9       
,*ri/ian ,antiquities1 t ev] liv$4 ,! k 
( ?is secret1 acc\nts = ! diff]5t       
conduct ( ,paul :5 among 8 ,g5tile      
conv]ts1 f t :i* he pursu$ :5 ) !       
apo/les at ,j]usalem4 ,he _h a difficult
 "p to act1 & he manag$ admirably4 ,he 0
 inde$1 z he says1 himself1 all ?+s to  
all m51 a ,jew ) ! ,jews1 & z "o        
uncircumcis$ among ! uncircumcis$4 ,to !
 ,jews1 he ass]t$1 t he  taught no?+    
contr>y to ! ,law1 & ! ,prophets1 & :5  
br\ght be=e ! ,sanh$rim = tea*+ o!rwise 
?an he said1 he dext]\sly got himself   
out ( tribulation1 by ?r[+ a bone (     
cont5tion among ! ,c\ncil1 & sett+ 8    
,judges toge!r by ! e>s4 ,& :5 ,paul    
p]ceiv$ t ! "o "p 7( ! ,c\ncil7 7       
,sadducees1 & ! o!r1 ,ph>isees1 he cri$ 
out 9 ! ,c\ncil3 ,bre?r51 ,i am a       
,ph>isee1 & ! son ( a ,ph>isee2 conc]n+ 
! hope ( ! resurrection ( ! dead1 ,i am 
n[ judg$4 ,& :5 he _h said ?is1 a       
diss5sion arose betwe5 ! ,ph>isees & !  

,sadducees1 & ! multitude 0 divid$4 ,= !
 ,sadducees say !re is no resurrection1 
nei!r angel1 nor _s2 b ! ,ph>isees      
confess bo?4 ,& !re 0 a great cry1 & !  
,scribes t 7 on ! "p ( ! ,ph>isees1     
arose & /rove1 say+1 ,we f9d no evil 9  
?is man c4 ,?is1 inde$1 0 a ma/]ly      
manoeuvre1 & produc$ ! desir$ effect2 & 
,paul by ?is %[s 8 k ( ! human he>t1 9  
tru/+ to make 8 ,judges =get :at he 0   
accus$ (1 by mak+ an appeal to _!       
sect>ian passions4 ,=1 9 tru?1 he 0 n   
accus$ conc]n+ 8 op9ion ab\t ! hope1 & !
 resurrection ( ! dead1 b = ! foll[+    
cause1 z 8 accus]s vocif]at$ 79 ! xxi4  
*47 :5 !y seiz$ him 9 ! ,temple1 ,m5 (  
,israel1 ,help6 ,?is is ! man1 :o tea*e?
 all m5 e :]e aga9/1 ! p1 & ! ,law1 &   
?is place4  ,^! /rokes ( "* enable u to 
und]/& ! man2 & ,i %all n[ g into !     
consid]ation ( "s ( ! argum5ts he has   
d$uc$ f passages 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t 9    
support ( 8 op9ions2 aft] premis+1 t !  
tru? ( ! /ory ( ! mann] ( 8 conv]sion   
dep5ds entirely ^u 8 own ass]tion2 &    

:e!r 8 cr$ibility be absolutely         
unimpea*able1 c be easily det]m9$ by an 
imp>tial consid]ation ( ! hi/ory ( 8    
conduct already m5tion$4 ,i w only add  
^u ?is subject1 t 9 tell+ ! /ory ( 8    
conv]sion1 he ought to h _h a bett]     
memory2 = 9 tell+ x once 9 xxvi4 *4 (   
,acts1 he says1 9 describ+ 8 miracul\s  
vision1 t ^? t 7 ) me1 saw inde$ !      
light1 & 7 afraid1 b he>d n ! words (   
him t spake to me2 & ?us he directly    
contradicts ! /ory ( x record$ 9 ,acts  
ix41 :]e x is said1 t ! m5 :o j\rney$ ) 
him /ood spee*less1 he>+ ! voice1 b see+
 no "o4  ,9 ! #i? *apt] ( ! ,epi/le to !
 ,romans1 v4 #bd1 he ?us proves2 t !    
,old ,te/am5t propheci$ ( ! conv]sion ( 
! ,g5tiles1 to ! ,gospel--,ev5 u :om he 
ha? call$1 n ( ! ,jews only1 b also ( ! 
,g5tiles1 z he sai? also 9 ,hosea ,i w  
call !m my p1 :i* 7 n my p2 & h] belov$1
 :i* 0 n belov$4 ,& x %all come to pass1
 t 9 ! place :]e x 0 said unto !m1 y are
 n my p1 !re %all !y be call$ ! sons ( !
 liv+ ,god4--,is n ?is to ! purpose8    

yet1 9 apply+ ?is passage to ! ,g5tiles1
 ,paul has wilfully1 7yes wilfully1 =   
,paul 0 a le>n$ man1 & knew bett]7      
p]v]t$ ! orig9al f its prop] ref]5ce1 & 
has pass$ ^u 8 simple conv]ts41 :o did n
 "k s mu* ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures1 z he  
did1 a prophecy relat+ entirely to !    
,jews1 z ref]r+ to ! ,g5tiles66 ,by     
turn+ to ,hosea1 ,read]1 y w f9d ?is to 
be v]ily ! case2 "h is ! passage1 ,!n   
said ,god1 call 8 "n 7,hoseas son7      
,loammi1 = ye 7! ,israelites7 are n my  
p1 & ,i w n be y\r ,god1 yet ! numb] ( !
 *ildr5 ( ,israel %all be z ! s& ( !    
sea1 :i* _c be measur$1 nor numb]$4 ,& x
 %all come to pass1 t 9 ! place :]e x 0 
said unto !m1 ye are n my p1 !re %all x 
be said unto !m1 ye are ! sons ( ! liv+ 
,god4 ,hosea *apt] i  ,aga9 v4 #cc4 ,z x
 is writt51 ,behold ,i lay 9 ,zion a    
/one ( /umbl+1 & a rock ( (f5ce1 & e "o 
:o believe? 9 him %all n be a%am$4 ,"h  
,paul has piec$ two passages toge!r1 :i*
 9 ! orig9als are disconnect$4 ,= 9 !   
#h? *apt] ( ,isaiah x is writt51        

,sanctify ! ,"l ( ,ho/s himself1 & let  
him be y\r fe>1 & let him be y\r dread4 
,& he %all be = a sanctu>y2 b = a /one (
 /umbl+1 & = a rock ( (f5ce1 to bo? !   
h\ses ( ,israel2 = a g91 & = a sn>e to !
 inhabitants ( ,j]usalem4 ,& 9 ! #bh?   
*apt] x is writt51 !re=e1 ?us sai? ! ,"l
 ,god1 behold ,i lay 9 ,zion = a        
f\ndation1 a /one1 a tri$ /one1 a       
preci\s corn] /one1 a sure f\ndation1 he
 t believe? %all n be a%am$1 7or        
disappo9t$7 ,"h y see1 read]1 t he jams 
two di/ant passages toge!r no ways      
relat$2 & alt]s "s words1 & applies !m  
to ,jesus1 ) :om1 x appe>s f ! context (
 ,isaiah1 !y h no conc]n4  ,*4 x4 v4 #f4
 ,! scripture sai?1 say n 9 ?9e he>t1 :o
 %all asc5d into ,heav58 7t is1 t he may
 br+ d[n ,jesus f above47 ,aga91 :o %all
 desc5d into ! abyss8 7t is1 t he may   
br+ up ,jesus f ! dead47 ,b :at sai? x8 
,! ^w is v nigh unto !e1 9 ?y m\?1 & 9  
?y he>t4 7t is ! ^w ( ,fai? :i* we      
speak47 ,= if ?\ confess ,jesus ) ?y    
m\?1 & believe 9 ?9e he>t t ,god rais$  

him f ! dead1 ?\ %alt be sav$4 ,"h y w  
see ano!r in/ance ( misapplication (    
,scripture by ,paul1 9 ord] to dazzle ! 
eyes ( 8 simple & cr$ul\s conv]ts1 = let
 any "o took at ! place 9 ! ,scripture  
:5ce ! quotation is tak51 arid he w     
imm$iately see ! inapplicability ( !    
words1 & ! adult]ation ( ^? ( ! orig9al1
 9 ord] to make !m apply4 ,= !          
,scripture quot$ speaks (1 & ref]s to   
p5it5ce1 &4 n at all ab\t believ+ on1 or
 br++ d[n ,jesus f ,heav51 or up f !    
dead2 = "h are ! words1 ,deut4          
#cj4--;,if ?\ be conv]t$ to ! ,"l ?y    
,god ) all ?y he>t1 & ) all ?y          
m9d4--,imm$iately is subjo9$--,= ?is    
,law :i* ,i comm& y ?is day is n f> f   
!e2 nei!r is x af> (f4 ,x is n 9 ,heav51
 t ?\ %\ld/ say1 :o %all asc5d = u into 
,heav51 t he may br+ x unto u1 & decl>e 
x to u t we might d x1 c4 ,! s5se ( !   
:ole is1 t ,god wills u to rep5t ( s92 &
 t y may "k :5 y h s9n$1 y h only to    
look at 8 ,law1 :i* is n 9 ,heav51 nor  
af> (f1 b is put 9 y\r own h&s1 & is    

p]fectly famili> ) y\r he>t1 & lips4  #a
 ,cor1 *4 v4 #a4 ,paul accuses "o ( !   
,*ri/ians ( ! *ur* ( ,cor9? ( ! crime ( 
ince/1 because he _h m>ri$ 8 /ep-"m1 &  
ord]s !m to excommunicate him4 ,b ,paul1
 9 all 8 ,epi/les & tea*+s to !         
,g5tiles1 pron\nc$ !m free f ! ,law (   
,moses4 ,:]e=e !n = ! violation ( "o (  
^? ,laws int]dict+ su* a m>riage1 does  
he s vehem5tly1 blame !m8 ,su* a m>riage
 is n =bidd5 9 ! ,gospel3 x 0 =bidd5 to 
!m no :]e 9 ! ,scriptures b 9 ! ,mosaic 
,code4 ,!re=e1 ,paul mu/ h f\nd$ 8      
judgm5t aga9/ ! crim9al ^u ! dictum ( t 
law 9 su* cases4 ,paul puts ! man "u a  
curse2 & x is ! ,mosaic ,law :i* says1  
,deut4 #bg1 ,curs$ is he :o lie? ) 8    
fa!rs wife4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t ,jesus   
did n deliv] 8 foll[]s f ! curse ( !    
law1 z ,paul taught !m x did 9 ,gal4    
iii4 #ac4  #a ,cor4 *4 x43--,& let u n  
pollute ourselves ) =nication1 z "s ( !m
 7 pollut$1 & fell 9 "o day to ! numb] (
 tw5ty-?ree ?\s&4 ,"h is a blund]1 = x  
is writt5  tw5ty-f\r ?\s&4--,num4 #be4  

,gal4 iii41 #ac1 ,paul says1 ,*ri/ ha?  
r$eem$ u f ! curse ( ! law1 be+ made a  
curse = u2 = x is writt51 curs$ is e "o 
t hange? on a tree4 ,:at he says ( !    
,*ri/1 or ! ,messiah r$eem+ f ! curses  
writt5 9 ! law1 t by no means agrees )  
tru?2 = no ,jew c be fre$ f ! curses ( !
 law1 b by rep5t+ ( 8 s9s1 & becom+     
ob$i5t to x4 ,& 9 all$g+ ! words curs$  
is e "o t hange? on a tree1 f ,deut4    
xxi41 he1 z usual1 applies !m           
irrelevantly4  ,paul says1 ,gal4 iii1   
#aj3--;,= z _m z are ( ! works ( ! law1 
are "u ! curse2 = x is writt51 ,deut4   
xxvii4 #bf1  ,curs$ is e "o t cont9ue? n
 9 all ?+s writt5 9 ! book ( ! law to d 
!m4 ,& he int]prets ?is to mean t all   
mank9d1 ,jews & ,g5tile1 are liable to  
damnation1 7except ^? :o are sav$ by    
fai?7 because no man ev] did cont9ue 9  
all ?+s writt5 9 ! law4 ,n[1 9 ! fir/   
place ,i w\ld obs]ve1 t ,paul has ins]t$
 ! ^w all 9 ! passage he quotes f       
,deut]onomy1 79 ! orig9al ( :i* x is n7 
9 ord] to make x support 8 sy/em2 = !   

:ole ( 8 argum5t is built ^u ?is "o     
surreptiti\sly ins]t$ ^w4 #b4 ,! words  
accord+ to ! orig9al are simply         
^!3--,curs$ is he t cont9ue? n ! words (
 ?is law to d !m2 i4 e41--,he :o        
disobeys1 or neglects to fulfil ! comm&s
 ( ! law1 %all be "u ! curse d5\nc$ ^u !
 disob$i5t4 ,b :o w\ld conclude f ?is t 
rep5tance w\ld n remove ! curse8 ,does n
 ,god expressly decl>e 9 ! xxx4 *4 (    
,deut41 t if !y rep5t1 ! curses writt5  
%all be remov$ f !m8 ,& h we n          
innum]able in/ances record$ 9 ! ,old    
,te/am5t1 ( s9n]s1 & transgressors ( ?is
 v law1 receiv$ to p>don & fav\r1 ^u    
rep5tance & am5dm5t8 ,s t ?is argum5t   
f\nd$ ^u an unw>rantable und5iable      
int]polation1 & support$ by bad logic1  
is e way bad1 & insult+ to ,god & 8 7by 
,paul ackn[l$g$7 ^w4  ,gal *4 iii4      
#af3--,to ,abraham1 & 8 se$ 7 ! promises
 made1 ,he sai? n  & to se$s1 7z (      
roomy7 b z ( "o1  & to ?y se$1 :i* is   
,*ri/4 ,"h is an argum5t :i* "o w\ld ?9k
 too f>-fet*$1 ev5 = ,paul2 & x is built

 on a p]v]sion ( a passage f ,g5esis1   
:i* ,paul1 bold z he 0 9 ^! matt]s1     
c]ta9ly w\ld n h v5tur$1 if he _h n !   
mo/ assur$ confid5ce 9 ! bl9k+ cr$ulity 
( 8 ,galatian conv]ts4 ,8 argum5t 9 ?is 
place is drawn f ! use ( ! ^w se$ 9 !   
s+ul> numb]1 9 ! passage ( ,g5esis1 f   
:5ce he quotes4 ,& because ! ^w se$ is 9
 ! s+ul> numb]1 fag tells ! fooli%      
,galatians1 z he ju/ly calls !m1 t ?is  
se$ mu/ mean "o individual 7& n _m17    
:i*1 says he1 is ,*ri/4 ,n[1 let u look 
at ! xv4 *4 ( ,g541 f :5ce he quotes1 & 
we %all see ! =ce ( ?is s+ul> argum5t1  
d]iv$ f ! use ( ! s+ul> numb]4 ,& ,he   
7,god7 br\ght him 7,abraham7 =? abroad1 
& said4 ,look n[ t[>ds heav51 & tell !  
/>s if ?\ be able to numb] !m1 & ,he    
said unto him1 s %all ?y se$ be4--,& ,he
 said1 "k ( a surety t ?y se$ %all be a 
/rang] 9 a l& t is n !irs1 & !y %all    
afflict !m1 c41 aft]w>ds !y %all come   
out ) great sub/ance4--,9 t same day !  
,"l made a cov5ant ) ,abraham1 say+1    
unto ?y se$ h ,i giv5 ?is l&1 c4 ,aga91 

*4 xxii41 ,god said to ,abraham by 8    
,angel1 ,i w multiply ?y se$ z ! />s (  
heav51 & z ! s& :i* is ^u ! sea %ore2 & 
?y se$ %all possess ! gate ( 8 7or its7 
enemies1 & 9 ?y se$ %all all ! nations (
 ! e>? be bless$1 because ?\ ha/ obey$  
my voice6 ,read]1 :at d y ?9k n[ (      
,pauls argum5t f ! use ( ! s+ul> numb]8 
,:i* is mo/ to be admir$8 ,8 (f]+ su* an
 argum5t to ! ,galatians2 7= be+ a le>n$
 man1 he c]ta9ly knew t ! argum5t 0     
n\ght17 or _! cr$ulity 9 receiv+ su*    
reason+ z ,div9e8 ,really1 ,i fe> !re is
 "s reason = admitt+ z true :at ,celsus 
malici\sly says ( ! simplicity ( !      
,primitive ,*ri/ians1 if ,paul c\ld )   
impunity fe$ 8 spiritual babes ) su* pap
 z ?is6  ,i int5d$ to h conclud$ ?is    
subject1 by br++ "u exam9ation "s ( !   
argum5ts & quotations 9 ! ,epi/le to !  
,hebrews2 b ^u look+ ov] t ,epi/le1 &   
contemplat+ my task1 ,i confess ,i %r9k 
f x4 ,t ,epi/le is s replete ) d>+1     
ridicul\s1 & impi\s applications ( !    
words ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 t ,i am glad to

 omit x2 & ,i ?9k aft] ! specim5s :i* h 
be5 already br\ght =w>d1 t my read] is q
 z mu* satiat$ z myself4 ,i w1 !re=e1   
br+ =w>d only "o quotation1 :i* is      
all$g$ 9 t ,epi/le to prove ! abolition 
( ! law ( ,moses2 & z = ! re/1 ,i cont5t
 myself ) ref]r+ ^? :o want to "k m ( x1
 to ! pieces writt5 by ! celebrat$ ,dr4 
,prie/ley ^u ,pauls argum5ts 9 g5]al1 & 
^? 9 t ,epi/le 9 p>ticul>1 pres]v$ 9 8  
,!ological ,repository1 :]e he w see    
absurdity 9 reason+1 &1 some?+ worse1 9 
quotation1 expos$ 9 a ma/]ly mann]4     
,inde$1 "s le>n$ ,*ri/ians are s s5sible
 ( ! insup]able difficulties att5d+ e   
attempt to reconcile t ,epi/le to !     
,doctr9e ( inspiration1 or ev5 to common
 s5se1 t !y avoid ! tr\ble1 by d5y+ t   
,paul c\ld h be5 ! au?or ( su* a "w1 &  
attribute x to ! same1 or a simil>1 h&1 
) t :i* =g$ ! m>vell\s ,epi/le ascrib$  
to ,b>nabas4  ,! quotation br\ght =w>d 9
 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 to prove !    
abrogation ( ! ,mosaic ,law1 & !        
sub/itution ( a new "o1 is tak5 f ,j]4  

xxxi4 #ca1 c4--,behold ! days come sai? 
! ,"l1 t ,i w make a new cov5ant ) !    
h\se ( ,judah4 ,n accord+ to ! cov5ant  
:i* ,i made ) !y fa!rs1 9 ! day t ,i    
took !m by ! h& to br+ !m out ( ! l& (  
,egypt1 7:i* my cov5ant !y brake1 al?\gh
 ,i 0 an husb& unto !m1 sai? ! ,"l47 ,b 
?is %all be ! cov5ant t ,i w make ) !   
h\se ( ,israel4 ,aft] ^? days sai? !    
,"l1 ,i w put my law 9 _! inw>d p>ts1 & 
write x 9 _! he>ts2 & w be _! ,god1 & !y
 %all be my p2 & !y %all tea* no m e man
 8 neighb\r1 say+ "k ! ,"l1 = !y %all   
all "k me f ! lea/ ( !m unto ! greate/ (
 !m1 sai? ! ,"l1 = ,i w =give _!        
iniquity1 & w rememb] _! s9s no m4 ,^u  
?is passage ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le obs]ves 
9 t he sai? a new cov5ant1 he ha? made !
 fir/ old2 & he sagely concludes  n[ t  
:i* decaye?1 & waxe? old1 is ready to   
vani% away66 & takes ! quotation to be a
 prophecy ( ! abolition ( ! old law1 & !
 introduction ( ! ,gospel ,disp5sation4 
,n[1 ,i w\ld obs]ve on 8 reason+1 9 !   
fir/ place1 t1 all[+ = a mom5t 8        

int]pretation ( ! prophecy to be        
correct1 7i4 e41 t x signifies !        
aboli%m5t ( ! old1 & an introduction ( a
 new law7 ! prophecy1 at any rate1 _c   
ref] to ,jesus1 or ! ,gospel2 = s f> f  
hav+ be5 fulfill$ 9 ! "t ( ,jesus1 or 8 
,apo/les1 x has n be5 fulfill$ to ?is   
day2 = c]ta9ly ,god has n yet made a new
 cov5ant ) ! ,jews1 to :om ! prophecy   
ref]s1 nor has he yet put 8 law 9 _!    
he>ts2 nor caus$ !m to walk 9 x2 nei!r  
has he yet  =giv5 _! s9s1 or =gott5 _!  
iniquities1 s9ce !y are ev5 n[ suff]+1 !
 consequ5ces ( !m4  ,i w n[ retract :at 
,i grant$1 & ass]t t ! prophet did n    
mean an abolition ( ! ,mosaic1 & !      
introduction ( a new1 law2 = ?\gh !     
prophet speaks ( a new cov5ant1 he says 
no?+ ( a new law2 b on ! contr>y1 ass]ts
 t ?is new cov5ant w\ld be effectual to 
make !m obey ! law4 ,god promis$ to put 
8 law )9 _! he>ts 7n out ( remembrance1 
z ! cate*isms say27 & 9 ?is alone ?is   
cov5ant diff]s f ! "o ent]$ into at     
,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,=1 !n1 ?\gh ! law 0 giv5  

!m1 x 0 n put )9 _! he>ts1 b !y 7 apt1  
to _! own contr\l1 to obey x1 or n1 be+ 
assur$1 h[ev]1 t happ9ess %\ld be !     
rew>d ( ob$i5ce1 & dea? & excision !    
puni%m5t = revolt & disob$i5ce4 ,& y w  
moreov] obs]ve1 t1 not)/&+ :at is "h    
call$ a new cov5ant1 no?+ is "h said ( !
 abrogation ( any =m] cov5ant1 or       
con/itution1 or ( any new t]ms1 t w\ld  
be requir$ by ,god on ! "p ( !          
,israelites4 ,! prophet1 by exp&+ 8     
idea1 suffici5tly expla9s 8 :ole mean+1 
:i* is evid5tly ?is1 viz43 ,t ,god w\ld 
make a new1 & solemn promise to !       
,israelites1 t !y %\ld be no m out (    
favor ) him2 t _! he>ts w\ld be h]eaft] 
s "r ) ,god1 t 9 consequ5ce ( x1 !y w\ld
 cont9ue 9 ! quiet possession ( _!      
c\ntry to ! end ( "t2 & all ?is is      
intimat$ by ,moses1 9 ! quotation f     
,deut]onomy1 quot$ 9 ! la/ *apt]4  ,?us 
is ! passage p]fectly consi/5t ) ^? 9 ! 
,old ,te/am5t1 :i* affirm1 7:e!r "r or  
wrong is n my conc]n7 ! p]fection &     
p]petuity ( ! ,mosaic ,law4  ,rememb]1  

are ! la/ words ( ! la/ ( ! prophets1   
,mala*i1--,rememb] ! ,law ( ,moses1 my  
s]vant :i* ,i comm&$ unto him 9 ,horeb1 
) ! ,/atutes1 & ,judgm5ts4 ,also 9 !    
,psalms3--,! ,law ( ! ,"l is p]fect1    
conv]t+ ! s\l4 ,! ,te/imony ( ! ,"l is  
fai?ful1 br++ wisdom to ! simple4 ,!    
,precepts ( ! ,"l are "r1 rejoic+ !     
he>t1 & enlight5+ ! eyes4 ,! works ( 8  
h&s are ,tru?1 & ,judgm5t4 ,all 8       
,precepts are sure4 ,!y /& fa/ = ev] &  
ev]3 be+ done 9 ,tru? & ,uprightness4   
,,*apt] ,,xiii4  ,,exam9ation ,,( ,,"s  
,,doctr9es ,,9 ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t      
,,d]iv$ ,,fbom ,,! ,,caballa1 ,,!       
,,ori5tal ,,philosophy1 ,,& ,,! ,,t5ets 
,,( ,,zoroa/]4  ,i h said 9 ! prec$+    
*apt]1 t ,paul 0 well v]s$ 9 ,cabbali/ic
 ,le>n+1 & n unacqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples ( 
! ,philosophy /yl$ ! ,ori5tal2 & to     
prove & exemplify ?is ass]tion1 is !    
subject & int5tion ( ?is *apt]4 ,none b 
! le>n$ "k1 h[ mu* ( ,sy/ematic         
,*ri/ianity is d]iv$ f ! ,cabbalism ( ! 
,jews2 ! ,religion ( ! ,magi ( ,p]sia2 &

 ! ,philosophy ( ! ,bram9s ( ,indo/an4  
,i %all attempt to lay op5 ^! ,!ological
 ,arcana1 & make !m kn[n to ^? :o ought 
to "k :at !y h be5 kept 9 ignorance (4  
,_m ( my read]s h1 no d\bt1 frequ5tly   
puzzl$ !mselves ov] ^! words ( ,pauls1  
,eph4 v4 #cj3--;,= we are memb]s ( 8    
7,*ri/s7 body1 ( 8 fle%1 & ( 8 bones4   
,because ( ?is1 a man %all leave 8 fa!r1
 & "m1 & %all cleave to 8 wife1 & !y two
 %all be "o fle%4 ,?is my/]y is great1 b
 ,i speak conc]n+ ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur*4 ,?is 
passage exemplifies ! connexion betwe5  
,*ri/ & ! ,*ur*1 by t :i* subsi/s betwe5
 a man & 8 wife2 & ?is ,paul calls a    
great my/]y2 & x no d\bt mu/ be a v     
my/]i\s passage to all ^? :o are        
unacqua9t$ ) ! cabbali/ic notion to :i* 
x alludes1 & ref]s4 ,to illu/rate !     
passage1 & to prove t ,paul rais$ 8     
,cabbalism ) 8 religion1 ,i %all set d[n
 "h ! note ( ,dr4 ,:itby1 ! ,*ri/ian    
,comm5tator1 ^u ! text ( ,paul4  ,!     
le>n$ ,dr4 ,allix sai?1 ,! fir/ mat*    
betwe5 ,adam & ,eve1 0 a type ( t betwe5

 ,*ri/ & 8 ,*ur*2 & 9 ?is1 sai? he1 !   
,apo/le foll[s ! ,jewi% notions4 ,!     
,jews say1 ! my/]y ( ,adam1 is ! my/]y (
 ! ,messiah1 :o is ! ,bridegroom ( !    
,*ur*4 ,^! two p]sons1 !re=e1 confirm ! 
obs]vation ( ,mun/]1 t ! creation ( !   
woman f ! rib ( ! man1 0 made by ! ,jews
 to signify ! m>riage ( ! cele/ial man  
:o is bless$1 or ( ! ,messiah1 ) !      
,*ur*2 :5ce ! ,apo/le applies ! v words 
:i* ,adam said conc]n+ ,eve 8 sp\se1 to 
! ,*ur*1 :o is ! sp\se ( ,*ri/2 say+1 = 
we are memb]s ( 8 body1 ( 8 fle%1 & ( 8 
bones4 ,= ! explanation ( ^! words1 take
 :at foll[s3--,! pr(\nde/ ( ! ,jewi%    
,div9es1 :om !y n[ call ,cabbali/s1 hav+
 su* a notion z ?is among !m1 t s5sible 
?+s are b an imitation ( ?+s above1     
conceiv$ f !nce1 t !re 0 an orig9al     
patt]n ( love & union1 :i* is betwe5 a  
man & 8 wife 9 ?is _w4 ,?is be+ express$
 by ! k9dness ( ,tiph]et & ,mal*ut1 :i* 
are ! names !y give to ! invisible      
,bridegroom & ,bride 9 ! upp] _w4 ,& ?is
 ,tiphiret1 or ! cele/ial ,adam1 is s   

call$ 9 opposition to ! t]re/rial ,adam2
 z ,mal*ut also 7i4 e41 ! k+dom7 !y call
 by ! "n ( ,*9n]e? ,israel !            
,congregation ( ,israel1 :o is1 !y say1 
unit$ to ! cele/ial ,adam z ,eve 0 to ! 
t]re/rial4 ,s t 9 sum1 !y seem to say ! 
same t ,paul do?1 :5 he tells u1 t      
m>riage is a great my/]y1 b he speaks   
conc]n+ ,*ri/ & 8 ,*ur*4 ,= ! m>riage ( 
,tiph]et & ,mal*u?1 is ! m>riage (      
,*ri/1 ! ,"l f ,heav51 7! fir/ man 0 ( !
 ,e>? e>?ly1 ! second man is ! ,"l f    
,heav51 says ,paul ,i ,cor4 xv417 ) 8   
sp\se ! ,*ur*1 :i* is ! conjunction (   
,adam & ,eve1 & ( all o!r m5 & wom5     
desc5d$ f !m4 ,orig5 also seems to h _h 
"s notion ( ! relation ( ?is passage to 
,adam & ,eve1 :5 he speaks ?us3--,if any
 man d]ide u = us+ ! example ( ,adam &  
,eve 9 ^! words1 & ,adam knew 8 wife1 :5
 we treat ( ! k ( ,god1 let him consid] 
^! words--,?is is a great my/]y4        
,t]tullian frequ5tly alludes to ! same  
?+1 say+--,?is is a great sacram5t1     
c>nally 9 ,adam1 spiritually 9 ,*ri/1   

because ( ! spiritual m>riage betwe5    
,*ri/ & ! ,*ur*4  ,?us f> ,dr4 ,:itby1 &
 ! intellig5t read]1 :o is acqua9t$ ) ! 
dogmas & philosophy ( ,indo/an1 w n fail
 to see ?r\gh ?is cl\d1 ( words ! orig9 
( ?is analogy ( ,paul4 ,! fact is1 t 9  
,india & 9 ,egypt1 ! ,div9e creative p[]
 :i* produc$ all ?+s & en]gizes 9       
ev]y?+1 0 symboliz$ by ! ,phallus2 & to 
?is day1 9 ,h9do/an1 ! op]ation ( ,diety
 ^u matt] is symboliz$ by images ( !    
same2 & 9 ! d>ke/ recesses ( _!         
,temples1 :i* none b ! initiat$ 7       
p]mitt$ to ent]3 ! ,phallus ( /one is ! 
solit>y idol1 be=e :i* ! illum9at$ b[$4 
,?is symbol1 ?\gh %ameful & abom9able1  
is yet look$ ^u 9 ,india ) ! pr(\nde/   
v5]ation1 & is n ) !m ! occasion ( %ame 
or reproa*4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a blasphem\s  
abom9ation2 & ! m>riage betwe5 ,*ri/ & !
 ,*ur* ought n to h be5 ?us illu/rat$ by
 ,paul1 :o reproa*$ ! hea!n my/]ies z   
works ( d>kness1 :i* my/]ies1 9 fact1   
consi/$ pr9cipally 9 exhibit+ ^!        
symbols1 & simil> abom9ations4  ,b1 x   

may be ask$1 :at is ! mean+ ( ! o!r     
clause ( ! v]se--:at c\ld ,paul mean by 
! /rong language1 ,we are memb]s ( 8    
body8 ( 8 fle%1 & ( 8 bones8 ,:y1 my    
read]1 he meant1 t ,*ri/ians 7 really "p
 ( ! body ( ,*ri/ & if y desire to "k   
,h[ he imag9$ ?is union to be effect$1  
,i reque/ y to see ! #aj? *4 ( ! #a/    
,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 :]e at ! #af?  
v]se he ?us writes to !m3--,! cup (     
bless+ :i* we bless1 is x n a           
p>ticipation ( ! blood ( ,*ri/8 ,! loaf 
7accord+ to ! ,greek orig9al7 :i* we    
break1 is x n a p>ticipation ( ! body ( 
,*ri/8 =1 ,because ! loaf is "o1 we1    
?\gh _m1 are "o body1 = we all p>take ( 
t "o loaf4 ,aga91 *4 xi4 #ai1 ,= he t   
eate?1 & dr9ke? unwor?ily eate? & dr9ke?
 judgm5t to himself1 n di/+ui%+ 7or     
discov]+7 ! ,"ls body2 & 9 *4 xii4 #bg1 
he says to !m1 ,ye are ! body ( ,*ri/1 &
 8 memb]s sev]ally4 7,see ! orig9al ( ^!
 passages 9 ,griesba*s ,greek ,te/am5t47
 ,?us y see1 read]1 t ,paul consid]$    
,*ri/ians z memb]s ( 8 7,*ri/s7 body1 ( 

8 fle%1 & ( 8 bones1 because !y p>took (
 "o loaf1 :i* 0 ! body ( ,*ri/4 ,!      
,papi/s are 9 ! "r1 & h be5 mu* sl&]$ by
 ! ,prote/ants1 = ! doctr9e (           
,transub/antiation1 or at lea/ ! ,real  
,pres5ce1 is z pla9ly taught 9 ! ,new   
,te/am5t1 z ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,y 
h se5 :at ,paul believ$ ^u ?is subject1 
& ,i %all corroborate ! s5se ,i put ^u 8
 words1 by ! words ( ,jesus1 8 ma/]1 &  
by quotations f ! e>lie/ ,fa!rs4  ,jesus
 says1 ,john vi4--,i am ! liv+ bread :i*
 came d[n f ,heav52 if any man eat ( ?is
 bread1 he %all live = ev]1 & ! bread   
:i* ,i w give is my fle%1 :i* ,i w give 
= ! life ( ! _w4 ,! ,jews1 !re=e1       
cont5d$ among !mselves1 say+1 ,h[ c ?is 
man give u 8 fle% to eat8 ,jesus1 !re=e1
 said unto !m1 ,v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say    
unto y1 unless ye eat ! fle% ( ! son (  
man1 & dr9k 8 blood1 ye h n life 9 y4   
,he t eate? my fle%1 & dr9ke? my blood1 
ha? ev]la/+ life1 & ,i w raise him up at
 ! la/ day4 ,= my fle% is v]ily food1 & 
my blood is v]ily dr9k4 ,he t eate? my  

fle%1 & dr9ke? my blood1 abide? 9 me1 & 
,i 9 him4 ,z ! liv+ ,fa!r ha? s5t me1 & 
,i live by ! ,fa!r1 7"h is an oa?7 s he 
likewise t eate? me %all live by me4    
,?is /range doctr9e 0 ! fai? ( !        
,primitive ,*ri/ians1 z is well kn[n to 
! le>n$ ,prote/ants1 ?\gh !y d n l to   
say s to _! weak] bre?r54  ,ignatius    
says1 ,!re is "o fle% ( our ,"l ,jesus  
,*ri/1 & "o cup 9 ! unity ( 8 blood2 & (
 c]ta9 h]etics he says1 !y confess n !  
,eu*>i/ to be ! fle% ( our ,savi\r      
,jesus ,*ri/4  ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 9 8        
,apology1 ass]ts t ! consecrat$ bread   
is1 "s h[ or o!r1 ! fle% ( ,*ri/4  ,9 ! 
dispute ) ,latim] ab\t                  
,transub/antiation1 x is ackn[l$g$ by ! 
mo/ c&id writ]s1 t ! ,roman ,ca?olics _h
 mu* ! advantage4 ,x mu/ h be5 s1 :]e   
quotations f ! ,fa!rs 7 all[$ z         
argum5ts4 ,= :at answ] c be made to !   
foll[+ extracts8-- ,:at a miracle is    
?is6 ,he :o sits above ) ! ,fa!r1 at !  
same in/ant1 is h&l$ by ! h&s ( m54     
,*ryso/om4 ,aga91 f ! same1 ,t :i* is 9 

! cup1 is ! same :i* fl[$ f ! side (    
,*ri/4 ,aga91 ,because we abhor ! eat+ (
 raw fle%2 !re=e1 x appe>e? bread1 ?\gh 
x be fle%4 ,!ophylact4 ,or to           
?is8--,*ri/ 0 c>ri$ 9 8 own h&s1 :5 he  
said ?is is my body4 ,au/91 ,or to      
?is8--,we are taught1 t :5 ?is n\ri%+   
food is consecrat$1 x becomes ! body &  
blood ( our ,savi\r4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr4 ,or1 
la/ly1 to ?is8 f ,ambrose-- ,x is bread 
be=e consecration1 b aft] t c]emony1 x  
becomes ! fle% ( ,*ri/4  ,ano!r doctr9e 
:i* ,paul d]iv$ f ! ,ori5tal            
,philosophy1 & ,:i* makes a great figure
 9 8 writ+s1 is ! notion1 t moral       
corruption orig9ates 9 ! influxes ( !   
body ^u ! m9d4  ,x 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal    
t5ets ( ! ,ori5tal ,philosophy1 t all   
evil result$ f matt]1 & its fir/ f\nd]  
appe>s to h argu$ 9 ! foll[+            
mann]3--,!re are _m evils 9 ! _w1 & m5  
seem impell$ ( a natural in/9ct to !    
practice ( ^? ?+s :i* reason condemns4  
,b t et]nal m9d1 f :i* all spirits d]ive
 _! exi/5ce1 mu/ be inaccessible to all 

k9ds ( evil1 & also ( a mo/ p]fect &    
b5efic5t nature2 !re=e1 ! orig9 ( ^!    
evils ) :i* ! _w ab\nds1 mu/ be s\ght   
some:]e else1 ?an 9 ! ,deity4 ,x _c     
abide 9 him :o is all p]fection1 &1     
!re=e1 x mu/ be )\t him4 ,n[1 !re is    
no?+ )\t or beyond ! ,deity b matt]2    
!re=e1 matt] is ! c5tre & s\rce ( all   
evil1 ( all vice4  ,"o ( ! consequ5ces  
!y drew f ?is hypo!sis 01 t s9ce ,all   
evil result$ f matt]1 ! depravity (     
mank9d arose f ! pollution d]iv$ to !   
human s\l1 f its connexion ) ! mat]ial  
body :i* x inhabits2 &1 !re=e1 ! only   
means by :i* ! m9d c\ld purify itself f 
! defilem5t1 & lib]ate itself f !       
bondage impos$ ^u x by ! body1 0 to     
emaciate & humble ! body by frequ5t     
fa/+1 & to invigorate ! m9d to ov]come &
 subdue x by retirem5t & contemplation4 
,! ,new ,te/am5t1 ?\gh x does n         
recognise ?is pr9ciple ( ! ,ori5tal     
,philosophy1 t evil orig9ates f matt]1  
yet co9cides ) x 9 /r5u\sly ass]t+ t !  
corruption ( ! human m9d is d]iv$ f its 

connexion ) ! human body4  ,to prove ?is
 proposition1 ,i %all %[ t ,paul calls  
all crimes ! works ( ! fle%4 ,n[1 !     
works ( ! fle% are manife/1 7says he1   
,gal4 v4 #ai17 :i* are ^!3 adult]y1     
=nication1 uncleanness1 lascivi\sness1  
idolatry1 sorc]y1 hatr$1 cont5tions1    
rivalries1 wra?1 disputes1 divisions1   
h]esies1 envy+s1 murd]s1 drunk5ness1    
revell+s1 & su* l4 ,he also describes ! 
conflict betwe5 ! fle% & ! _s1 or m9d1 9
 ^! t]ms3-- ,= ,i "k t 9 me1 t is1 9 my 
fle%1 dwelle? no good1 = to w is pres5t 
) me1 b to p]=m t :i* is good1 ,i f9d n1
 b ! evil :i* ,i w\ld n1 t ,i d4 ,= ,i  
delight 9 ! law ( ,god accord+ to ! inn]
 man1 b ,i see ano!r law 9 my memb]s    
w>r+ aga9/ ! law ( my m9d1 & br++ me    
into captivity to ! law ( my s9 9 my    
memb]s4 ,o wret*$ man t ,i am6 :o w     
deliv] me f ! body ( ?is dea?8 7or ?is  
body ( dea?47 ,& he goes on to obs]ve1  
,t ,i1 ! same man1 ) my m9d s]ve ! law (
 ,god1 b ) my fle% ! law ( s94--,rom4   
vii4 ,= ! fle% desire? aga9/ 7or 9      

opposition to7 ! _s1 & ! _s aga9/ !     
fle%1 & ^! are contr>y ! "o to ! o!r1 s 
t ye _c d ! ?+s t ye w\ld4  ,^? t are   
,*ri/s 7says ,paul1 ,gal4 v4 #bd7 h     
crucifi$ ! fle%1 ) its passions &       
desires4 ,& !y are comm&$ 7,rom4 vi4 #ab
 & viii4 #ac7 to mortify1 or1 accord+ to
 ! orig9al1 put to dea? or kill _!      
memb]s2 & ,paul himself uses language ^u
 ?is subject exce$+ /rong4 ,he repres5ts
 7#a ,cor4 ix4 #bg7 8 m9d & body z      
engag$ 9 combat1 & says1 ,i buffet my   
body1 & subject x4 ,! ^w "h translat$   
subject1 9 ! orig9al1 means to c>ry into
 s]vitude1 & is a t]m tak5 f ! language 
( ! olympic games :]e ! box]s dragg$ (f 
! ar5a1 _! conqu]$1 disabl$1 & helpless 
antagoni/s l slaves1 9 :i* humbl$       
condition ! ,apo/le repres5ts 8 body to 
be ) respect to 8 m9d4  ,f ?is notion ( 
! s9fulness ( ! fle%1 we are enabl$ to  
appreh5d ,pauls reason+s ab\t ! suff]+s 
( ,jesus 9 ! fle%4 ,s9ce ! *ildr5 are   
p>tak]s ( fle% & blood1 ,*ri/ himself   
also 9 l mann] p>took ( !m--,heb4 ii4   

#ad4 ,= 7says ,paul7 :at ! law c\ld n d 
9 t x 0 weak ?r\gh ! fle%1 ,god ha?     
done1 :o by hav+ s5t 8 own son 9 !      
lik5ess ( s9ful fle%1 & on acc\nt ( s91 
ha? condemn$ s9 9 ! fle%4--,rom4 viii4  
#c4 ,b n[1 ?r\gh ,*ri/ ,jesus1 ye :o    
=m]ly 7 f> (f1 are br\ght ne> by ! blood
 ( ,*ri/4 ,= he is our ,peace :o ha?    
made bo? "o1 & ha? brok5 d[n ! middle   
wall ( p>tition betwe5 u1 hav+ aboli%$  
by 8 fle% ! cause ( enmity4--,ephes4 ii4
 #af4 ,y t 7 =m]ly ali5s1 & enemies 9   
y\r m9d by wick$ works1 yet he ha? n[   
reconcil$ by 8 fle%ly body1 ?r\gh 8     
dea?4--,col4 i4 #bj4  ,?\gh ^! notions  
are suffici5tly /range1 yet !y are n s v
 rem>kable z ! "o ,i am ab\t to consid]4
 ,x is a s+ul>1 & a demon/rable fact1 t 
! fundam5tal s*eme ( ,*ri/ianity 0 d]iv$
 f ! religion ( ! anci5t ,p]sians1 ,!   
:ole ( ! ,new ,te/am5t s*eme is built ^u
 ! hypo!sis1 t !re is a p[]ful &        
malignant be+1 call$ ! ,devil & ,satan1 
! *ief ( unkn[n myriads ( o!r evil      
spirits2 t he is1 by ! suff]ance ( ,god1

 ! ,pr9ce ( ?is _w1 & is ! ,au?or ( s91 
woe & dea?2 ! ,tempt]1 ! ,torm5tor ( m51
 & ! ,tyrant ( ! ,e>?2 t ! ,son ( ,god1 
to deliv] mank9d f ! vassalage ( ?is    
mon/]1 desc5d$ f heav51 & pur*as$ _!    
ransom ( ! ,tyrant1 at ! price ( 8      
blood2 = obs]ve1 my read]1 t ! idea ( ! 
dea? ( ,jesus be+ an atonem5t to ,god = 
! s9s ( m51 is a mod]n notion2 = !      
,primitive ,*ri/ians1 all ( !m1 consid]$
 ! dea? ( ,jesus z a ransom paid to !   
,devil1 z may be prov$ f ,orig5 & o!r   
,fa!rs4 ,t ! ,new ,te/am5t repres5ts ?is
 "* z ! sov]eign ( ?is _w1 may be prov$ 
by ! foll[+ passages3--,all ?is p[] w ,i
 give !e1 & ! glory ( !m1 7said !       
,tempt] to ,jesus1 :5 he %[$ him all !  
k+doms ( ! e>?17 = x is deliv]$ unto me1
 & to :omsoev] ,i w1 ,i give x4 ,luke   
iv41 ,jesus calls him ! ,pr9ce ( ?is _w2
 ,john xii41 & else:]e4 ,9 8 commission 
to ,paul1 he calls embrac+ 8 religion1  
turn+ f d>kness unto light1 & f ! p[] ( 
,satan to ,god4--4 ,acts xxvi4 #ah4     
,accord+ly we f9d1 t to become a        

,*ri/ian 0 consid]$ z be+ fre$ f !      
tyranny ( ,satan4 ,god ha? giv5 life to 
y1 7says ,paul7 :o 7 dead 9 (f5ces1 &   
s9s2 9 :i* ye =m]ly walk$1 accord+ to ! 
c\rse 7or con/itution7 ( ?is _w1 accord+
 to ! ,pr9ce ( ! ,p[] ( ! air4--        
,ephesians ii41 #a4 ,& aga93--,if our   
gospel be cov]$1 7or hid7 x is cov]$    
among ^? t are lo/1 among ^? unbeliev]s1
 ^: m9ds ! ,god ( ?is _w ha? bl9d$1 to !
 end t ! glori\s gospel ( ,*ri/ %\ld n  
enlight5 !m4--#b ,cor4 iv4 #d4 ,john    
says 9 8 ,epi/le1 t ! :ole _w lie? 9 !  
p[] ( ! wick$ "o2 & ,jesus 9 ! gospels  
comp>es him to a /rong man arm$1 keep+ 8
 goods2 & himself to "o /rong] ?an he1  
:o /rippe? him ( ! arms 9 :i* he tru/$1 
& spoile? 8 goods4 ,= ?is purpose 0 !   
,son ( ,god manife/$1 t he might de/roy 
! works ( ! ,devil4--#a ,john iii4 #h4  
,& x is said1 t he came to s5d =? !     
captive into lib]ty1 & to heal ^? :o 7  
oppress$ ( ! ,devil4 ,m5 are also said  
to h be5 tak5 captive ( ! ,devil1 to    
fulfil 8 w4--#b ,timo?y ii4 #bf4 ,& we  

f9d t ! ,*ri/ians attribut$ all _!      
suff]+s to ! opposition ( ?is ,be+4 ,put
 on 7says ,paul7 ! :ole arm\r ( ,god1 t 
ye may be able to /& aga9/ ! wiles ( !  
,devil4 ,= we /ruggle n aga9/ fle% &    
blood only2 b aga9/ pr9cipalities1 aga9/
 p[]s1 aga9/ ! rul]s ( ! d>kness ( ?is  
_w1 aga9/ wick$ spirits 9 high          
places4--,ephesians vi4 #ab4 ,*ri/ians  
are also said to be deliv]$ by ,god f ! 
p[] ( d>kness1 & to be translat$ into ! 
k+dom ( 8 de> son4 ,t is1 z ,*ri/ians 7 
consid]$ z be+ ! subjects ( ,jesus1 & ! 
re/ ( ! _w z be+ ( ! k+dom ( ,satan1 :5 
a man became a ,*ri/ian he 0 translat$ f
 ! k+dom ( "o1 to ! k+dom ( ! o!r4      
,jesus accus$ ! ,devil z be+ ! au?or (  
all evil1 z a li>1 & ! fa!r ( lies1 & a 
murd]] ( m51 & ( wom51 too1 z appe>s 9 !
 ,gospel1 f ! acc\nt ( t "o1 ^: back !  
,devil _h b[$ d[n = eighte5 ye>s--,luke 
xiii4 #aj--7on :at acc\nt x does n      
appe>47 ,9 %ort1 ! ,new ,te/am5t        
repres5ts to him z be+ ! s\rce ( all    
evil & mis*ief1 & ! promot] ( x2 & !    

:ole _w z be+ 8 subjects1 & comb9$ ) him
 aga9/ all good4  ,b h[ does all ?is    
prove t ^! notions 7 d]iv$ f ! religion 
( ! anci5t ,p]sians8 ,i answ] by reque/+
 y1 my read]1 to p]use1 att5tively1 !   
foll[+ acc\nt ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples (
 ! religion ( ,zoroa/]1 ! prophet ( !   
,p]sians4  ,! doctr9e ( ,zoroa/] 01 t   
!re 0 "o ,supreme ,be+1 indep5d5t1 &    
self-exi/+ f all et]nity2 t inf]ior to  
him1 !re 7 two ,angels1 "o ! ,angel (   
,light1 :o is ! ,au?or & ,director ( all
 ,good2 & ! o!r1 ! ,angel ( ,d>kness1 :o
 is ! ,au?or & ,director ( all ,evil2 t 
^! two are 9 a p]petual /ruggle ) ea*   
o!r2 & t :]e ! ,angel ( ,light prevails1
 !re ! mo/ is good2 awl :]e ! ,angel (  
,d>kness prevails1 !re ! mo/ is evil4 ,t
 ?is /ruggle %all cont9ue to ! end ( !  
_w2 t !n !re %all be a g5]al            
resurrection1 & a day ( judgm5t1 :]e9 j 
retribution %all be r5d]$ to all accord+
 to _! works2 aft] :i*1 ! ,angel (      
,d>kness1 & 8 foll[]s1 %all g into a _w 
( _! own1 :]e !y %all suff] 9 d>kness1 !

 puni%m5t ( _! evil de$s4 ,& ! ,angel ( 
,light1 & 8 foll[]s1 %all also g into a 
_w ( _! own1 :]e !y %all receive1 9     
ev]la/+ light1 ! rew>d due to _! good   
de$s4  ,x is impossible b t ! read] mu/ 
see ! agreem5t ( ! doctr9es ( ! ,new    
,te/am5t ) all ?is2 & s9ce x is und\bt$1
 t ^! t5ets ( ,zoroa/] are f> m anci5t  
?an ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & s9ce1 z we h se51
 t t book is mu* indebt$ to ori5tal     
notions = _m ( its dogmas1 !re is no way
 ( acc\nt+ = ?is co9cid5ce 7t ,i "k (71 
besides suppos+ ! ,devil ( ! ,new       
,te/am5t to be ( ,p]sian orig94 ,x is1  
h[ev]1 9 my p[] to make ?is co9cid5ce   
/ill m /rik+ f ! words ( ,jesus himself1
 :o says1 7,mat!w xiii4 #bd71 ,! k+dom (
 ,heav5 is l a man :o s[$ good se$ 9 8  
field1 b :ile m5 slept1 8 enemy 7m>k !  
expression7 8 enemy came1 & s[$ t>es    
among ! :eat2 b :5 ! blade sprung up1 & 
br\ght =? fruit1 !n appe>$ ! t>es also4 
,s ! s]vants ( ! h\sehold] came ne>1 &  
said unto him1  ,sir1 did/ ?\ n s[ good 
se$ 9 ?y field8 :5ce1 !n1 ha? x t>es8 ,&

 he sai? unto !m1 an enemy ha? done ?is4
 ,y "k ! re/ ( ! p>able4 ,! explanation 
( x is z foll[s3--,he :o s[e? ! good se$
 is ! ,son ( ,man1 & ! field is ! _w2 & 
! good se$ are ! sons ( ! k+dom1 & !    
t>es are ! sons ( ! ,evil ,"o1 & ! enemy
 :o s[$ !m is ! ,devil4 ,"h y see1 z f> 
z x goes1 a precise agreem5t ) ! doctr9e
 ( ,zoroa/]2 & to complete !            
resemblance1 y ne$ b to recollect1 t at 
! day ( ,judgm5t1 accord+ to ! words (  
,jesus1 ! wick$ g into ! fire prep>$ = !
 ,devil & 8 angels2 & ! righte\s g into 
life et]nal ) ! ,son ( ,god4  ,b is !re 
n a ,satan m5tion$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & 
is he n !re repres5t$ z an evil &       
malevol5t angel8 ,i ?9k n4 ,?is notion  
probably arises f ! habit ( int]pret+ ! 
,old ,te/am5t by ! ,new4 ,! ,satan      
m5tion$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is repres5t$ 
z ,gods m9i/] ( puni%m5t1 & z mu* 8     
fai?ful s]vant z any ( 8 angels4 ,!     
prologue to ! book ( ,job c]ta9ly       
supposes t ?is angel ( puni%m5t1 by     
(fice1 appe>$ 9 ! c\rt ( ,heav51 nay1 he

 is rank$ among ! ,sons ( ,god4 ,?is    
,satan is m]ely ! suppos$ *ief ( ^?     
m9i/]s ( ,gods w1 ^: (fice is to execute
 8 ord]$ comm&s ^u ! guilty1 & :o may be
 sometimes1 z 9 ! case ( ,job1 ! m9i/] (
 probation only1 r ?an ( puni%m5t2 & !re
 is no reason :y he %\ld be a%am$ ( 8   
(fice m ?an ! ,g5]al ( an army1 or !    
,judges ( ! crim9al c\rts1 :o1 ?\gh !y  
are n unfrequ5tly m9i/]s ( puni%m5t are 
n1 !re=e1 exclud$ ! royal pres5ce2 b on 
! contr>y1 _! (fice is consid]$ z       
hon\rable2--i4 e41 puni%m5t )\t         
malevol5ce1 does n pollute ! inflictor4 
,consid] ! /ory ( ! de/ruction ( ,sodom1
 ,g5esis xix42 ( ,egypt2 ,exodus xxii42 
( ,s5na*]ib1 #a ,k+s xxix4 #ce2 also    
,jo%ua v4 #ac4 ,! t]m ,satan signifies  
an adv]s>y1 & is appli$ to any angel s5t
 ^u an err& ( puni%m5t ,= example1      
,numb]s xxii4 #bc1 ,! ,angel ( ! ,"l    
/ood 9 ! way1 = an adv]s>y 7lit]ally1 = 
a ,satan7 aga9/ ,balaam1 ) 8 sword drawn
 9 8 h&4 ,curse ye ,m]oz1 sai? ! ,angel 
( ! ,"l1 ^: (fice is to puni%4 ,s also  

,psalms xxxv4 #e1 ,let ! ,angel 7(      
puni%m5t7 ( ! ,"l *ase !m1 7i4 e41 drive
 !m be=e him 9 a milit>y mann]2 pursue  
!m37 let _! way be d>k & slipp]y1 & !   
,angel ( ! ,"l foll[+ !m4  #b ,samuel   
xxiv4 #af3--,! ,"l s5t a pe/il5ce ^u    
,israel--! angel 7( puni%m5t7 /ret*$ =? 
8 h& & smote ! p4--#a ,*ronicles xxi4   
#af3--;,david saw ! angel 7( puni%m5t7  
hav+ a drawn sword 9 8 h&4  ,?is notion 
is ref]r$ to1 9 ! ,apocryphal ,hi/ory ( 
,susannah1 v]se #fi4 ,! ,angel ( ! ,"l  
waite? ) 8 sword t he may cut !e 9 two4 
,?us we see1 t ! t]m ,satan is 9 ! ,old 
,te/am5t appli$ to any ,angel ( ! ,"l   
s5t ^u an err& ( puni%m5t4 ,& ! t]m     
itself is s f> f be+ reproa*ful 7=      
,david is said1 #a ,samuel xxix4 #d1 to 
h be5 a ,satan to ! ,phili/9es17 t ,i am
 n sure1 t if ,i _h by me a ,hebrew     
concordance1 b ,i c\ld po9t out places1 
:]e ,god himself is repres5t$ z say+1 t 
he w\ld be an adv]s>y or a ,satan to bad
 m5 & wick$ nations4 ,& ?\gh !re is 9 ! 
,old ,te/am5t a p>ticul> angel /yl$1 by 

way ( em95ce1 ,! ,satan1 x is s f> f be+
 evid5t t he is an evil be+1 t ,i w\ld  
und]take to give good reasons to prove t
 ?is di/+ui%$ angel is ! real prototype1
 f :5ce ! impo/or ,mahomet took ! idea (
 8 ,azrael1 ! ,angel ( ,dea?2 :o1 9 !   
,koran1 is c]ta9ly repres5t$ z be+ z mu*
 ! fai?ful s]vant ( ,god1 z any ( !     
,angelic ,ho/s4  ,9 f9e1 ! doctr9e ( !  
,old ,te/am5t ^u ?is matt] may be ?us   
express$3--,^! be spirits creat$ =      
v5geance1 :i* 9 _! fury lay on sore     
/rokes2 9 ! "t ( de/ruction1 !y p\r out 
_! =ce1 sad appease ! wra? ( him t made 
!m4 ,!y %all rejoice 9 8 7,gods7        
comm&m5t1 & !y %all be ready ^u e>?1 :5 
ne$ is3 & :5 _! "t is come1 !y %all n   
transgress 8 ^w4 ,ecclesia/icus xxxix4  
#bh4    ,,*apt] ,,xiv4  ,a              
,,consid]ation ,,( ,,! ,,gift ,,(       
,,tongues1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,miracul\s ,,gifts
 ,,ascrib$ ,o ,,! ,,primitive           
,,*ri/ians2 ,,& ,,:e!r ,,record$        
,,miracles ,,are ,,infallible ,,pro(s   
,,( ,,! ,,div9e ,,au?ority ,,(          

,,doctr9es ,,said ,,to ,,h ,,be5        
,,confirm$ ,,by ,,!m4  ,paul1 9 8 #a/   
,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 speaks to !m z 
possess+ sev]al spiritual gifts1 conf]r$
 on !m by 8 m9i/ration2 su* z ! gift (  
prophecy1 disc]n+ ( spirits1 & speak+ 9 
unkn[n tongues4 ,he gives !m directions 
ab\t ! prop] use ( _! gifts1 & speaks to
 !m z absolutely possess+ ^? gifts1 ) ! 
utmo/ confid5ce4 ,dr4 ,paley1 9 8       
,def5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 lays great /ress 
^u ! mann] 9 :i* ,paul addresses !      
,cor9?ians ^u ^! miracul\s p[]s2 & he   
consid]s x z an absolute pro( ( ! tru? (
 ,*ri/ianity-- because1 he says1 x is n 
conceivable t ,paul c\ld h _h ! boldness
 & presumption to speak to ^! m5 conc]n+
 ! use & abuse ( ^! gifts1 if !y really 
_h !m n4  ,i am ready to confess1 t ?is 
argum5t ( ,dr4 ,paley puzzl$ me2 = ?\gh 
,i 0 satisfi$ t ,paul _h impos$ ^u _!   
cr$ulity _m irrelevant passages f !     
,scriptures z pro(s ( ,*ri/ianity1 yet  
,i c\ld n imag9e t he c\ld presume s mu*
 ^u _! /upidity1 z to give !m directions

 ab\t ! managem5t ( _! miracul\s p[]s1  
:i* be+ matt]s ( fact kn[n to !mselves1 
!re=e1 if false1 ,i conceiv$ mu/ place  
,paul 9 _! m9ds 9 ! light ( a bant]]1 :5
 he told !m ( gifts1 :i* _! own         
consci\sness1 ,i ?\ght1 mu/ make !m     
s5sible !y _h n4 ,i say ,i 0 puzzl$ )   
?is argum5t1 until ,i happ5$ to meet )  
"s extracts f ,br[ns ,hi/ory ( ! ,%ak]s1
 :i* conv9c$ me at once1 f ! obvi\s     
lik5ess betwe5 ^! ,%ak]s & ! primitive  
,*ri/ians1 t ,paul might h writt5 to !  
,cor9?ians  conc]n+ _! spiritual gifts1 
) p]fect impunity4  ,?is ,br[n _h be5 a 
,%ak] himself1 & :ile ) !m1 he 0 z great
 a believ] 9 8 own & _! gifts1 z !      
,cor9?ians c\ld be2 & s9ce x mu/ be     
obvi\s1 t ! gifts ( ^! ,%ak]s are m]e   
self-delusions1 !re is1 !n1 9 our own   
times an example ( ! gifts ( ! primitive
 ,*ri/ians1 :i* enables u to compreh5d  
_! nature & "* p]fectly well4  ,_m ( !m1
 7! ,%ak]s7 says ,mr4 ,br[n1 pr(ess$ to 
h visions1 & to see numb]s ( spirits1 z 
pla9 z !y saw _! bre?r5 & si/]s1 & to   

look into ! invisible _w1 & to conv]se )
 _m ( ! dep>t$ spirits1 :o _h liv$ 9 !  
diff]5t ages ( ! _w1 & to le>n & to see 
_! diff]5t /ates 9 ! _w ( spirits4 ,"s  
!y saw1 !y said1 7 happy1 & o!rs        
mis]able4 ,sev]al decl>$1 t !y (t5 7 9  
d>k nights surr\nd$ ) a light1 sometimes
 9 _! rooms1 b m (t5 :5 walk+ ! road1 s 
/rong1 t !y c\ld see to pick up a p91   
:i* light w\ld cont9ue a consid]able "t1
 & enlight5 !m on _! way4 ,_m _h gifts  
to speak languages1 & _m miracles 7 said
 to be wr\ght1 & /range signs & great   
wond]s %[n1 by ! believ]s4  ,& ^! poor  
creatures believ$1 & at ?is day d       
believe1 all ?is4 ,!y are n1 y w obs]ve1
 artful impo/ors1 = ! ,%ak]s are1       
c]ta9ly1 a h>mless & a moral p1 & yet !y
 confid5tly ass]t$ 7& cont9ue to ass]t71
 t !y _h ^! miracul\s p[]s ( disc]n+    
spirits1 speak+ ) tongues1 & do+ great  
signs & wond]s ,nev]!less1 x mu/ be     
evid5t1 t ^! p[]s 7 conf]r$ ^u !m only  
by _! en?usiasm & heat$ imag9ations4  ,i
 h he>d ( ! ,%ak]s be=e1 & h be5 in=m$1 

t ^? 9 ,new ,engl& are s conv9c$ ( _!   
miracul\s capabilities1 t !y h be5 kn[n1
 9 ord] to save _! neighb\rs ! tr\ble ( 
apply+ to ! t9man1 *>itably to (f] to   
jo9 ! gap+ seams ( _! worn-out t9       
c(fee-pots1 & o!r vessels1 )\t ! c>nal  
aid ( sold]1 m]ely by a t\* ( _!        
wond]-work+ f+]s4  ,mr4 ,br[n1 9        
describ+ _! mode ( conduct1 9 _!        
religi\s assemblies1 unwitt+ly gives a  
/rik+ exposition ( ! #a/ ,epi/le to !   
,cor9?ians4 ,he describes ! bre?r5 &    
si/]s pray+1 s++1 danc+1 & prea*+ 9 kn[n
 & unkn[n tongues1 & /ick+ out _! arms1 
& extatically foll[+ _! noses r\nd !    
*ur*4  ,he says1 respect+ su* z speak 9 
unkn[n tongues1 !y h a /rong fai? 9 ?is 
gift1 & ?9k a p]son greatly fav\r$ :o   
has ! gift ( tongues2 & at c]ta9 times1 
:5 ! m9d is ov]load$ ) a fi]y1 /rong    
zeal1 x mu/ h v5t "s way or o!r2 _!     
fai?1 or belief1 at ! "t be+ 9 ?is1     
gift1 & a w /rikes ! m9d accord+ to _!  
fai?1 & !n su* break out 9 a fi]y1      
en]getic mann]1 & speak !y "k n :at1 z  

,i h done sev]al times4 ,"p ( :at ,i    
spake at "o "t 0--  ,li]o devo          
j]ankemango1 ad sileambano1 durem       
subramo1 deviranto diac]imango1 jasse   
vah pe cri evanigalio2 de vom grom seb  
cr9om1 os v>e cremo domo4  ,:5 a p]son  
runs on 9 ?is mann] = any l5g? ( "t1 ,i 
n[ ?\ght x probable t he w\ld /rike into
 diff]5t languages1 & give "s words 9   
ea* _! "r pron\nciation1 z ,i h he>d "s 
m5 ( le>n+1 :o 7 pres5t1 say a few      
words1 7 ,hebrew1 ?ree or f\r ,greek1 & 
a few ,lat94  ,9 ano!r place he gives an
 acc\nt ( 8 maid5 spee* 9 an unkn[n     
tongue2 & x is easy to conjecture h[ he 
came by 8 gift1 by att5d+ to :at pass$  
be=e he broke out4 ,"h x is3-- ,we danc$
 = ne> an h\r1 sev]al turn$ r\nd l tops1
 &1 to cr[n all1 ,i _h a gift to speak 9
 "s o!r language2 b ! greate/ mis=tune  
01 t nei!r ,i1 nor any o!r1 und]/ood :at
 ,i said4  ,my read] w n be surpriz$    
aft] ?is1 at he>+ !m say1 t ! spectators
 ( ^! signs & wond]s1 in/ead ( be+      
prop]ly affect$1 consid]$ ! p]=m]s z out

 ( _! wits4  ,let u1 n[1 comp>e ?is     
acc\nt ) :at ,paul says ^u simil>       
subjects1 9 ! #ad? *apt] ( ! #a/ ,epi/le
 to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,he advises !m1 9     
ex]cis+ _! gifts1 to a discreet use (   
!m1 z foll[s3--,he :o speake? 9 an      
unkn[n tongue1 speake? n to m51 b to    
,god1 = no man und]/&e? him2 h[beit 9 ! 
_s he speake? my/]ies4 ,aga93 ,= if !   
trumpet give an unc]ta9 s\nd1 :o %all   
prep>e himself to battle8 ,s1 likewise1 
unless ye utt] by ! tongue words to be  
und]/ood1 h[ %all x be kn[n :at is      
spok51 = ye w speak to ! air8 ,& z o!rs 
did n und]/& ! ,cor9?ians speak+ 9      
unkn[n tongues1 s x seems1 too1 t !     
,cor9?ians !mselves 7 9 ! same un=tunate
 pr$icam5t ) ! ,%ak]s1 9 n kn[+ ! mean+ 
( :at !y !mselves said on ^! occasions4 
,?is is cle> f ?is argum5t (            
,paul3--,:]e=e1 let him t speake? 9 an  
unkn[n tongue1 pray t he may int]pret4  
,:y1 pray t he may int]pret1 if he      
und]/ood himself8 ,does a man :o speaks 
) und]/&+ a =eign language1 ne$ to pray 

t he may be enabl$ to int]pret :at he   
says 9 8 "m tongue8 ,surely e man :o    
und]/&s himself1 c naturally d ?is8     
,aft] m to ! same purpose1 ,paul wisely 
concludes 8 argum5t by decl>+1 t he w\ld
 r speak 9 ! *ur* five words ) und]/&+1 
7i4 e41 kn[+ :at he said7 t he might    
in/ruct o!rs also1 ?an t5 ?\s& words 9  
an unkn[n tongue4 ,& he =tifies 8       
reason+ by ?is s5sible rem>k1 ,if1      
!re=e1 ! :ole *ur* come toge!r into "o  
place1 & all speak 9 unkn[n tongues1 &  
^? t are unle>n$1 or unbeliev]s1 come 91
 w !y n say1 t ye are mad8 z !          
spectators said ( ! ,%ak]s4  ,he advises
 !m1 !re=e1 to conduct _! assemblies )  
less upro> ?an =m]ly1 & exhorts !m z    
foll[s3--,h[ is x1 !n1 bre?r51 :5 y come
 toge!r1 ha? ea* ( y a psalm1 ha? he a  
doctr9e1 ha? he an unkn[n tongue1 ha? he
 a revelation8 ,let all ?+s be done to  
edify+4 ,n[1 if any man speak 9 an      
unkn[n tongue1 let x be by two1 or at   
mo/ by ?ree1 & t 9 succession1 & let "o 
int]pret2 b if !re be no int]pret]1 let 

su* keep sil5ce 9 ! *ur*1 & let him     
speak to himself & to ,god4 ,& let two  
or ?ree prophets speak1 & let ! o!rs    
disc]n4 ,b if any ?+ be reveal$ to ano!r
 :o sitte? by1 let ! fir/ keep sil5ce4  
,= ye may all prophecy1 "o by "o1 t all 
may le>n1 & all may be exhort$4  ,i     
presume x w be ne$less to po9t out m    
p>ticul>ly1 ! p]fect correspond5ce      
betwe5 ! spiritual gifts ( ! ,cor9?ians1
 & ^? ( ! ,%ak]s4 ,& ,i w\ld ask !      
v5]able ,paley1 if x 7 n[ possible1 :e!r
 an apo/olical epi/le ( ,ann ,lee1      
,william ,lee1 or ,:itak]1 7! spiritual 
"m &4 fa!rs ( ! ,%ak]s17 address$ to !m1
 & s]i\sly giv+ directions ab\t ! use ( 
_! gifts ( work+ miracles1 & speak+ )   
tongues1 w\ld be suffici5t to prove t !y
 really _h ^? gifts8 ,&1 moreov]1 7to   
make ! cases m analog\s7 suppose t !    
,%ak]s f ?is "t become ! dom9ant sect   
?r\gh\t ! religi\s _w1 & kept ! upp] h& 
dur+ a s]ies ( a ?\s& or two ?\s& ye>s1 
tak+ especial c>e to collect & burn up e
 writ+ ( _! enemies & oppos]s4 ,h[ %\ld 

we1 7suppos+ ourselves all ! :ile       
invisible spectators ( ! ?+71 h[ %\ld we
 pity our po/]ity1 :o1 at ! end ( t     
p]iod1 %\ld be gravely told by ! le>n$ &
 mitr$ advocates ( ,%ak]ism1 t !        
miracles ( ! f\nd]s1 & fir/ foll[]s ( _!
 religion 7 c]ta9ly true1 = t !y 7 hone/
 & good m51 ) no motive to deceive1 & _h
 address$ lett]s to _! fir/ conv]ts1    
:]e9 !y make express m5tion ( _!        
possess+ ^! gifts2 & give 9 ! simple/ & 
mo/ unassum+ mann]1 directions = us+ !m4
 ,suppose1 !n1 t our po/]ity1 hav+ be5  
depriv$ by ! prud5tial c>e ( ! old fa!rs
 ( ! !n e/abli%$ *ur*1 ( ! means (      
detect+ ! fallacy :i* we possess2       
suppose t !y %\ld believe all ?is1 &    
dev\tly praise ,god e day = confirm+ !  
doctr9es ( 8 s]vants ,lee & ,:itak]1  ) 
signs foll[+--h[ %\ld we pity _!        
delusion1 &4 :at %\ld we ?9k ( ! unlucky
 au?ors ( x4  ,f all ?is1 ,i ?9k my     
read] mu/ be s5sible h[ extremely       
fallaci\s are all pro(s ( doctr9es1     
pret5d$ to be f ,god1 d]iv$ f ,miracles 

said to h be5 wr\ght 9 pro( ( _! ,div9e 
au?ority4  ,miracles are relat$ to h be5
 p]=m$ 9 support ( all religions )\t    
exception2 ev5 ! foll[]s ( ,mahomet1    
?\gh he did n claim ! p[] ( work+       
miracles1 h said t he did4 ,& !y w tell 
y1 t 9 pro( ( 8 mission1 he1 9 ! pres5ce
 ( hundr$s1 divid$ ! moon ) 8 f+]1 & put
 half ( x 9 8 pocket699  ,speak+ ( !    
gift ( heal+ diseases1 :i* ! ,primitive 
,*ri/ians claim$4 ,dr4 ,middleton1 9 8  
,free ,inquiry1 obs]ves-- ,b be t z x w 
! pret5ce ( cur+ diseases1 by a         
miracul\s p[]1 0 s suc-cessfully ma9ta9$
 9 ! hea!n _w by fraud1 & craft1 t :5 x 
came to be *all5g$ by ! ,*ri/ians1 x 0 n
 capable ( excit+ any att5tion to x     
among ^? :o !mselves pret5d$ to ! same  
p[]2 :i*1 al?\gh ! c]ta9 effect (       
impo/ure1 0 yet manag$ ) s mu* art1 t ! 
,*ri/ians c\ld nei!r d5y nor detect x2 b
 insi/$ always t x 0 p]=m$ by demons1 or
 evil spirits1 delud+ mank9d to _! ru92 
& f ! suppos$ reality ( ! fact1 !y      
inf]r$ ! reasonabl5ess ( believ+ :at 0 m

 cr$ibly affirm$ by ! ,*ri/ians1 to be  
p]=m$ by ! p[] ( ! true ,god4 ,we d n   
d5y says ,a!nagoras1 t1 9 diff]5t       
places1 cities1 & c\ntries1 !re are "s  
extraord9>y works p]=m$ 9 ! "n ( idols1 
f :i* "s h receiv$ b5efit1 o!rs h>m4 ,& 
!n he goes on to prove t !y 7 n p]=m$ by
 ,god1 b by demons4 ,doctor ,middleton  
!n proce$s1 7p4 #gg47 :atev] pro(1 !n1 !
 primitive ,*ur* _h among !mselves1 yet 
x c\ld h b little effect t[>ds mak+     
proselytes among ^? :o pret5d$ to ! same
 gift2 possess$ m l>gely1 & ex]t$ m     
op5ly1 ?an 9 ! private assemblies ( !   
,*ri/ians4 ,= 9 ! ,temple ( ,esculapius1
 all k9ds ( diseases 7 believ$ to be    
publicly cur$ by ! pret5d$ help ( t     
deity3 9 pro( ( :i*1 !re 7 erect$ 9 ea* 
temple columns1 or tables ( brass1 &    
m>ble1 on :i* a di/9ct n>rative ( ea*   
p>ticul> cure 0 inscrib$4 ,he also      
obs]ves t--,pausanias writes1  t 9 !    
temple at ,epidauras !re 7 _m columns   
anci5tly ( ?is k9d1 & six ( !m rema9+ 9 
8 "t inscrib$ ) ! names ( m5 & wom5 cur$

 by ! god1 ) an acc\nt ( _! sev]al      
cases1 & ! me?od ( _! cure2 & t !re 0 an
 old pill> besides1 :i* /ood ap>t1      
d$icat$ to ! memory ( ,hippolytus1 :o _h
 be5 rais$ f ! dead6 ,/rabo1 also1 ano!r
 grave writ]1 in=ms u1 t ^! temples 7   
con/antly fill$ ) ! sick1 implor+ ! help
 ( ! god3 & t !y _h tables hang+ ar\nd  
!m1 9 :i* all ! miracul\s cures 7       
describ$4 ,dr4 ,middleton !n proce$s    
?us--,!re is a rem>kable fragm5t ( "o ( 
^! tables /ill extant1 & exhibit$ by    
,grut]1 9 8 collection1 z x 0 f\nd 9 !  
ru9s ( ,esculapius ,temple1 9 ! isl& ( !
 ,tyb]1 at ,rome1 :i* gives an acc\nt ( 
two bl9d m5 re/or$ to sight1 by         
,esculapius1 9 ! op5 view1 & ) l\d      
declamations ( ! p1 ackn[l$g+ ! manife/ 
p[] ( ! god66 ,^u :i* he rem>ks1 t !    
le>n$ ,montfaucon makes ?is reflection1 
t 9 ?is1 are se5 ei!r ! wiles ( !       
,devil1 or ! tricks ( ,pagan prie/s1    
suborn+ m5 to c\nt]feit diseases1 &     
miracul\s cures4 ,he !n proce$s1        
7p4#gi7--,n[1 ?\gh no?+ c support !     

belief1 or cr$it ( miracles m           
au!ntically ?an public monum5ts erect$ 9
 pro(1 & memory ( !m at ! "t !y 7 p]=m$1
 yet1 9 defiance ( t au?ority1 x is     
c]ta9 all ^! ,hea!n miracles 7 pure     
=g]ies1 contriv$ to delude ! multitude2 
&1 9 tru?1 ?is p>ticul> claim ( cur+    
diseases miracul\sly1 af=ds great room =
 su* a delusion1 & a wide field = !     
ex]cise ( craft4  ,i ne$ n obs]ve1 t by 
f> ! great] "p ( ! miracles record$ 9 ! 
,new ,te/am5t1 are ca/+ out devils1 &   
heal+ diseases1 p[]s claim$ by ! hea!ns 
z well z ^! ,*ri/ians3 & ^! miracles1   
7und\bt$ly false7 are z well1 if n f>   
bett] au!nticat$ ?an ^? ( ! ,new        
,te/am5t3 = books may be =g$1 b public  
monum5ts ( brass & m>ble are n s capable
 ( be+ s3 & ^! are always con-sid]$ z   
bett] evid5ce = facts ?an books4 ,:at !n
 w ! ,*ri/ian say to ?is8 = s9ce ^!     
miracles1 record$ on brass & m>ble1     
inscrib$ ) ! n>ratives ( !m almo/       
imm$iately aft] ! occurr5ce ( !m1 are   
unque/ionably ,lies2 :at c he pret5d to 

say ( ^? record$ 9 books c]ta9ly writt5 
_m ye>s aft] ! ev5ts !y record1 &1 z w  
be prov$ h]eaft]1 m ?an suspect$ to be  
apocryphal8 ,& :at w\ld become ( tru?8 &
 :o w\ld be able to di/+ui% tru? f      
falsehood1 9 matt]s ( religion1 if      
atte/$ miracles1 su* z ^!1 are suffici5t
 to e/abli% ! div9e au?ority ( doctr9es 
said to be confirm$ by !m8 ,miracles are
 z num]\s1 & bett] au!nticat$ on ! "p ( 
,jupit]1 ,apollo1 & ,esculapius1 ?an on 
! "p ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!y are /rong on !  
"p ( ,pop]y aga9/ ,prote/antism3 = !    
,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*es 9 ,europe are   
full ( monum5tal records ( miracles     
wr\ght by ! ,virg9 ,m>y & ! ,sa9ts1 9   
fav\r ( _! wor%ipp]s4 ,nay1 !re nev] 7  
miracles bett] prov$1 z f> z human      
te/imony c\ld prove !m1 ?an ! fam\s     
miracle m5tion$ by ,gibbon 9 8 ,hi/ory (
 ! ,roman ,empire1 :]e he relates ! /ory
 ( ! ,arian ,v&als cutt+ out ! tongues (
 a great numb] ( or?odox ,a?anasians1   
:o1 /range to tell1 prea*$ z mu* to !   
purpose1 9 fav\r ( ! ,tr9ity1 )\t _!    

tongues1 z !y did ) !m6 ,nev] 0 !re a   
miracle bett] au!nticat$ by te/imony ?an
 ?is4 ,x is m5tion$ by all ! ,*ri/ian   
writ]s ( t age4 ,x is m5tion$ by two    
contempor>y ,roman hi/orians1 "o ( :om  
liv$ 9 ,con/ant9ople1 & :o says he look$
 into ! m\?s ( "s ( ^! confessors1 :o _h
 9 fact _! tongues cut out entirely by !
 roots2 & x is record$ 9 ! ar*ives ( !  
,ea/]n ,empire4  ,is n ?is te/imony     
en\gh2 & yet1 is x suffici5t to prove ! 
doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity8 ,is x adequate to  
prove1 t ! anci5t ( days became a little
 *ild2 0 born ( a woman1 suckl$1        
999999999999991 c41 c42 & t ,he :o live?
 = ev] & ev]1 0 :ipp$1 0 hang$1 & di$ ^u
 ! cross1 & 0 buri$8 ,c ?is miracle1    
well atte/$ z x is1 prove = tru?s1 su*  
/range1 su* %ock+ ?+s z ^!8  ,! miracles
 ( ! ,abbe ,p>is1 too1 are prov$ to be  
true1 z f> z te/imony c prove any ?+ ( !
 k9d4 ,= !y happ5$ )9 a hundr$ ye>s1 7  
se5 by _m1 & 7 sworn to be=e !          
magi/rates2 by "s ( ! mo/ respectable   
inhabitants ( ! city ( ,p>is4 ,h[ c m51 

:o pret5d to believe ! miracles ( ! ,new
 ,te/am5t ^u su* meagre evid5ce z !y h 9
 _! fav\r1 consi/5tly reject ! miracles 
( ! ,abbe ,p>is8 atte/$ by evid5ce      
rec5t1 respectable1 & s /rong1 t to ?is 
day1 ! juggle1 & ! means by :i* s _m    
respectable p 7 impos$ ^u1 h nev] yet   
be5 ?or\ghly develop$1 & expla9$4       
,,*apt] ,,xv4  ,,application ,,( ,,!    
,,two ,,te/s1 ,,said1 ,,9 ,,deut]onomy1 
,,to ,,h ,,be5 ,,giv5 ,,by ,,god1 ,,z   
,,discrim9at+ ,a ,,true ,,prophet ,,f ,a
 ,,false ,,"o1 ,,to ,,! ,,"* ,,&        
,,actions ,,( ,,jesus4  ,9 ! #ah? *apt] 
( ,deut]onomy ,god says1--,! ,prophet   
:i* %all presume to speak a ^w 9 my "n1 
:i* ,i h n comm&$ him to speak1 or t    
%all speak 9 ! "n ( o!r gods1 ev5 t     
,prophet %all die4 ,& if ?\ say 9 ?9e   
he>t1 h[ %all we "k 7or di/+ui%17 ! ^w  
:i* ! ,"l ha? n spok58 ,"h is !         
crit]ion4 ,:5 a ,prophet speake? 9 ! "n 
( ! ,"l1 if ! ?+ foll[ n1 nor come to   
pass2 t is ! ?+ :i* ! ,"l ha? n spok54  
,t ,prophet ha? spok5 presumptu\sly3 ?\ 

%alt n be afraid ( him4  ,aga91         
,deut]onomy #ac1 ,if !re arise among y a
 ,prophet1 or a dream] ( dreams1 & give 
y a sign or a wond] 7i4 e4 a miracle17 &
 ! sign or wond] come to pass1 :]e( he  
spake unto !e say+1 let u g aft] o!r    
gods1 :i* ?\ ha/ n kn[n1 & let u s]ve   
!m3 ?\ %alt n he>k5 unto ! words ( t    
,prophet1 or t dream] ( dreams2 = ! ,"l 
y\r ,god prove? 7or trye?7 y1 to "k :e!r
 ye love ! ,"l y\r ,god ) all y he>t1 & 
) all y\r s\l4  ,& n[ ,*ri/ian read]1 ,i
 ask y :at y ?9k ( miracles1 or signs & 
wond]s1 z pro( ( a div9e mission1 to    
tea* doctr9es novel & innovat+1 aft] su*
 cle> & unequivocal language z ?is1 f   
su* high au?ority8 ,i am sure1 t if y   
are a s9c]e lov] ( tru?1 y mu/ c]ta9ly  
ab&on t gr\nd z unt5able4 ,=1 f ^!      
direc-tions1 ! ,jews 7 comm&$ ^! ?+s4   
#a4 ,t ! ,prophet :o presumes to speak a
 ^w1 z f ,god1 :i* ,god ha? n comm&$ him
 to speak1 mu/ be put to dea?4 #b4 ,t ! 
te/1 or crit]ion by :i* !y are to disc]n
 a false prophet f a true "o1 is ?is3 n 

8 miracles1 b ! fulfillm5t ( 8 words4   
,if :at he says comes to pass1 he is a  
true prophet2 if ! ev5t =etold does n   
take place1 he has spok5 presump-tu\sly1
 & mu/ die ! dea?4 #c4 ,if any man arise
 9 ,israel1 & advise1 or tea* !m to     
wor%ip any o!r besides ! ,et]nal2 & 9   
pro( ( ! div9ity ( 8 mission promise a  
sign1 or a wond]1 & 9 fact does br+ to  
pass ! sign or wond] promis$1 he is     
nev]!less1 n to be he>k5$ to2 b to be   
put to dea?4 ,& ^! crit]ia giv5 by ,god1
 or ,moses1 z ! means :]eby !y might "k 
a true ,prophet f a false "o1 mo/       
exquisitely prove 8 wisdom & =esight4 ,=
 if he _h n expressly exclud$ miracles1 
or signs & wond]s1 f be+ pro( ( !       
div9ity ( doctr9es1 ! b>ri]s :i* divid$ 
8 religion f ^? ( idolat]s1 mu/ h be5   
brok5 d[n2 s9ce1 z we h se51 well atte/$
 miracles 7mean+ always by miracles1    
signs & wond]s1 br\ght to pass by human 
ag5cy17 are relat$ to h be5 p]=m$ 9 pro(
 ( ! div9ity ( e religion "u ,heav54 ,b 
v]itable prophecy is1 & c he a pro(     

prop] only to a true ,revelation1       
because none c "k :at is to come b ,god1
 & ^? s5t by him4 ,accord+ly1 we f9d t !
 ,jewi% ,prophets 7 n ackn[l$g$ z su*1 b
 on acc\nt ( _! =etell+ ! tru?1 or be+  
suppos$ to d s4  ,?us1 x is said1 #a    
,samuel iii4 #bj1 ,& all ,israel1 f ,dan
 ev5 to ,be]%eba1 knew1 t ,samuel 0     
e/abli%$ to be a ,prophet ( ! ,"l4 ,:y8 
,because he p]=m$ miracles8 ,no6 he     
p]=m$ none4 ,b he 0 kn[n z a ,prophet   
because ! ,"l 0 ) him1 & let none ( 8   
words fall to ! gr\nd1 i4 e4 fail ( _!  
accompli%m5t4 ,! same1 may be said ( all
 ! ,hebrew ,prophets1 f ,na?an to       
,mala*i4 ,= ?\gh ,elijah & ,eli%a p]=m$ 
miracles1 yet x 0 n 9 pro( ( _! mission1
 = t 0 e/abli%$ be=e2 b ^! miracles 7   
occasional acts ( b5efic5ce1 or         
protection1 b 7 nev] consid]$1 or (f]$  
by !m z pro(s ( _! be+ s5t f ,god4  ,^! 
?+s be+ by ?is "t1 x is hop$1 made pla9 
& evid5t1 let u n[ te/ ! "* ( ,jesus z a
 true ,prophet1 by ! crit]ia1 by        
,*ri/ians1 & by ! ,jews1 believ$ to be  

giv5 by ,god4 ,if 8 prophecies 7        
fulfill$1 & if he taught ! wor%ip ( no  
o!r be+ besides ! ,et]nal1 he 01 accord+
 to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 a true ,prophet4 ,b
 if any ( 8 prophecies 7 n fulfill$1 or1
 if he taught ! wor%ip ( any o!r ,be+   
besides ! ,et]nal1 he 0 n a true        
,prophet4  ,& "h x mu/ be recollect$1 t 
^? prophecies ( ,jesus only1 c be br\ght
 =w>d 9 ?is "q1 :i* 7 committ$ to writ+1
 be=e ! ev5t =etold came to pass2 &     
!re=e all ,jesus prophecies conc]n+ !   
mann] & circum/ances ( 8 dea?1 c41 mu/  
be set aside1 z all ^? ev5ts are all[$  
to h tak5 place be=e any ( ! ,gospels 7 
writt52 & ( c\rse x is n c]ta9 t ,jesus 
did actually =etell !m4 ,?is is         
ackn[l$g$ by ,*ri/ians2 & accord+ly !y  
conf9e !mselves to br++ =w>d z          
conclusive evid5ce 9 _! fav\r1 8        
,prophecy ( ! ,de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 &
 ! ev5ts foll[+4 ,"h x is4 ,luke xxi4   
#ba4 ,:5 ye %all see ,j]usalem com-pass$
 ) armies1 !n "k1 t ! desolation !re( is
 nigh4 ,!n let !m :i* are 9 ,judea flee 

to ! m\nta9s1 & let !m :i* are 9 ! mid/ 
( x1 dep>t out1 & let n !m :i* are 9 !  
c\nt]1 ent] !re9to4 ,= ^! be ! days (   
v5geance1 t all ?+s :i* are writt5 may  
be fulfill$4 ,b woe unto !m t are )     
*ild1 & to !m :i* give suck 9 ^? days4  
,= !re %all be great di/ress 9 ! l&1 &  
wra? ^u ?is p4 ,& !y %all fall by ! edge
 ( ! sword1 & %all be l$ away captive   
into all nations1 & ,j]usalem %all be   
trodd5 d[n ( ! ,g5tiles1 until ! times (
 ! ,g5tiles be fulfill$4 ,& !re %all be 
signs 9 ! sun1 & 9 ! moon1 & 9 ! />s1 & 
^u ! e>? di/ress ( nations ) p]plexity1 
! sea & waves ro>+1 mans he>ts fail+ !m 
= fe>1 & = look+ aft] ^? ?+s :i* are    
com+ on ! e>?3 = ! p[]s ( ! heav5s %all 
be %ak54 ,& !n1 %all !y see ! ,son (    
,man com+ 9 a cl\d1 ) p[]1 & great      
glory4 ,& :5 ^! ?+s beg9 to come to     
pass1 !n look up1 & lift up y\r heads2 =
 y\r r$emption drawe? nigh4 ,& he spake 
to !m a p>able1 ,behold ! fig tree & all
 ! trees4 ,:5 !y n[ %oot =?1 ye see1 &  
"k ( y\r own selves1 t summ] is n[ nigh 

at h&4 ,s likewise ye1 :5 ye see ^! ?+s 
come to pass1 "k ye t ! k+dom ( ,god is 
nigh at h&4 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 ?is   
g5]ation %all n pass away till all be   
fulfill$4 ,heav5 & e>? %all pass away1 b
 my words %all n pass away4  ,su* is !  
prophecy1 & on x ,i w\ld rem>k1 fir/1 t 
:at ,jesus "h =etells conc]n+ ,j]usalem 
did 9 fact come to pass4 ,b t 0 n a     
fulfillm5t ( 8 prophecy1 b ( ,daniels1  
:o did1 z is set d[n 9 ! #g? *apt] ( ?is
 "w1 expressly =etell ! utt] de/ruction 
( ! city & ! temple4 ,& x 0 f ,daniel t 
,jesus obta9$ 8 "k-l$ge ( ! approa* ( t 
ev5t4 ,= he expressly cites ,daniel1    
,mat!w xxiv4 #ae2 ,m>k xiii4 #ad2 & y w 
please to obs]ve read]1 t he ref]s to   
him 9 ?is quotation f ,luke1 9 ! words1 
^! be ! days ( v5geance t all ?+s :i*   
are writt51 may be fulfill$4 ,s t 9     
=etell+ ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem he did 
no m ?an any ,jew ( t age1 :o att5tively
 read _! ,scriptures1 c\ld h done1 &4   
be5 no prophet ei!r4  #b4 ,x w\ld h be5 
bett] = 8 reputation z a ,prophet1 if he

 _h /opp$ %ort :]e ,daniel /opp$4 ,= :at
 he goes on to =etell has n be5         
fulfill$4 ,= he proce$s to say1 t !re   
%all be signs 9 ! sun1 & ! moon1 & !    
/>s1 c4 ,all ?is is tak5 f ! #bnd *apt] 
( ,joel1 :o says t su* ?+s %all take    
place2 n1 h[ev]1 at ! de/ruction (      
,j]usalem1 b 9 ! latt] days1 at ! "t ( !
 re/oration ( ,israel4 ,s t "h ,jesus   
has be5 r unlucky4 ,=1 9 tru?1 !re 7 no 
signs 9 ! sun1 & ! moon1 & ! />s1 at t  
"t2 nei!r 0 !re ^u e>? any great di/ress
 ( nations1 except 9 ,judea4 ,nor 7 !   
p[]s ( heav5 %ak54 ,c]ta9ly1 !y did n   
see ,jesus com+ 9 ! cl\ds ( heav51 )    
p[]1 & great glory2 & mo/ assur$ly1 t   
g5]ation did pass away1 & _m o!rs s9ce1 
& all ^! ?+s h n be5 fulfill$4  ,i "k v 
well1 & h v (t5 smil$ ov] ! contrivances
 by :i* le>n$ ,*ri/ians h endeav\r$ to  
save ! cr$it ( ?is prophecy4 ,!y say    
t--x is a figurative prophecy relat+    
entirely to ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1   
:i* did 9 fact take place 9 t g5]ation2 
t ! expressions ab\t ! di/ress (        

nations1 & ! sea & waves ro>+1 ! signs 9
 heav51 c41 are m]ely poetical2 & t !   
%ak+ ( ! p[]s ( heav5 0 m]ely ! %ak+ &  
pull+-d[n ! /ones ( ! temple1           
figuratively call$ heav52 & t ! glori\s 
com+ ( ,jesus 9 ! cl\ds ( heav51 ) p[]1 
& great glory1 meant m]ely1 t he s5t    
,titus1 & ! ,romans to de/roy1          
,j]usalem1 or p]haps might h be5 an     
invisible spectator himself4  ,! read] w
 easily see1 t all ?is is nons5se4 ,& ! 
,comm5tator ,grotius1 aft] m$dl+ a great
 :ile 9 ?is tr\blesome bus9ess1 at l5g? 
v5tures to ins9uate1 t ,god might h     
suff]$ ,jesus to be 9 a mi/ake ab\t ! "t
 ( 8 second com+1 & to tell ! ,apo/les  
:at he did1 = ! sake ( keep+ up _!      
spirits6  ,b to annihilate ! figurative 
hypo!sis ( ^! well-mean+ ,comm5tators at
 once1 x w be only necess>y to br+ =w>d 
! te/imony foll[+4 #a4 ,! o!r           
,evangeli/s make an express di/9ction   
betwe5 ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem & ! com+
 ( ,jesus2 & n only s1 b repres5t him z 
say+1 t aft] t ev5t1 7i4 e41 !          

de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 9 ^? days1 i4   
e41 9 ! same era 9 :i* t ev5t took      
place17 ! son ( man %all come1 c4       
,witness = me1 ,m>k1 *apt] xiii4        
#bd3--;,b 9 ^? days1 aft] t tribulation1
 7i4 e41 ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem7 %all 
! sun be d>k5$1 & ! moon %all n give h] 
light1 & ! />s ( heav5 %all fall1 & !   
p[]s t are 9 heav5 %all be %ak54 ,& !n  
%all !y see ! son ( man com+ 9 ! cl\ds1 
) p[] & glory2 &-!n %all he s5d 8       
angels1 & %all ga!r 8 elect f ! f\r     
w9ds1 f ! utt]mo/ "p ( ! e>?1 to !      
utt]mo/ "p ( heav5 ,v]ily1 ,i say unto  
y1 t ?is g5]ation %all n pass1 till all 
^! ?+s be accompli%$4 ,?is is decisive1 
& _c be evad$4  #b4 ,! ,apo/les &       
,primitive ,*ri/ians believ$ t ,jesus   
w\ld come 9 t g5]ation1 z is evid5t f _m
 passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,pauls     
,epi/les to ! ,!ssalonians prove ?is1 & 
conta9 an argum5t to !m1 int5d$ to allay
 _! t]rors1 or _! impati5ce4 ,john says 
9 8 fir/ ,epi/le1 *apt] ii4 #ah1 ,little
 *ildr51 x is ! la/ h\r2 & z ye h he>d t

 ,anti*ri/ %\ld come1 ev5 n[ 7or        
already7 !re are _m ,anti*ri/s1 :]eby "k
 t x is ! la/ h\r4 ,_m passages ( simil>
 import might be br\ght =w>d4 ,! mean+ (
 x is ?is--,x appe>s f ,pauls #bnd      
,epi/le to ! ,!ssalonians1 t j be=e !   
second com+ ( ,jesus1 !re 0 a p]sonage  
to appe> :o 0 to be call$ ,anti*ri/1 i4 
e41 an enemy to ! ,messiah4 7,?is notion
 !y got f ! int]pretation giv5 by !     
angel ( ! vision ( ! little horn 9      
,daniel47 ,john1 !re=e1 see+ _m         
,anti*ri/s1 i4 e41 oppos]s ( !          
pret5sions ( ,jesus1 consid]$ ! sign1 & 
?us knew t x 0 ! la/ h\r1 & t 8 ma/] 0  
soon to appe>4  ,x appe>s f ! #bnd      
,epi/le ( ,pet]1 *apt] iii41 t !re 7 _m 
9 8 days :o sc(f$ at 8 ma/]1 say+1      
contemptu\sly1 :]e is ! promise ( 8     
com+8 ,& ,pet] replies by tell+ !m t _! 
contempt is misplac$1 = t "o day is ) ! 
,"l z a ?\s& ye>s1 & a ?\s& ye>s z "o   
day4 ,john1 9 ! #a/ *apt] (             
,revelations1 says1 conc]n+ ! com+ (    
,jesus1 ,behold he come? ) cl\ds1 & e   

eye %all see him1 & !y also :i* pi]c$   
him1 & all k9dr$s ( ! e>? %all wail     
because ( him4 ,& 9 ! la/ *apt] (       
,revelations he repres5ts ,jesus1 z     
say+1 ,surely ,i come quickly6  ,9 %ort1
 ! ,apo/les1 :5 !y want$ to enc\rage _! 
despond+ proselytes1 !y usually did x ) 
su* words z ^!1--,be anxi\s = no?+1 !   
,"l is at h&4--,behold6 ! ,judge /&e?   
be=e ! day4--,be pati5t1 !re=e1 bre?r51 
7says ,james7 = ! com+ ( ! ,"l come?    
nigh4 ,& ?is p]suasion did n end1 z     
might be expect$1 ) t c5tury2 = we f9d t
 ! hea!ns frequ5tly laugh$ at !         
expec-tations ( ! ,primitive ,*ri/ians1 
:o1 till ! f\r? c5tury1 nev] gave up !  
expectation ( ! imp5d+ adv5t ( _! ma/]4 
,nay1 s root$ 0 ! idea 9 _! m9ds1 t1    
und]/&+ ! words ( ,jesus conc]n+ ,john1 
if ,i w t he t>ry till ,i come1 :at is t
 to !e1 to mean t t disciple %\ld n die1
 b survive till ! glori\s appe>ance ( 8 
"l1 s f> 7 !y f be+ conv9c$ ( ! vanity (
 _! expectations by t ,apo/les actual   
decease1 t !y insi/$1 t1 ?\gh he 0      

buri$1 he 0 n dead1 b only slept1 & t ! 
e>? ov] 8 body rose & fell ) ! action ( 
8 brea?+66  ,x is n[ h>dly necess>y to  
add1 t ,jesus did n at all answ] ! "* ( 
a true prophet1 :5 te/$ by ! crit]ion   
laid d[n 9 ,deut]onomy = asc]ta9+ ! tru?
 ( ! claims ( a prophet to a div9e      
mission4  ,let u n[ see1 :e!r he taught 
! wor%ip ( o!r be+s beside ! ,et]nal1 = 
if he did1 ! o!r te/ laid d[n 9         
,deut]onomy w also decide aga9/ him4    
,n[1 did he n comm& ! wor%ip ( himself 9
 ^! words1 ,all m5 %\ld hon\r ! ,son1   
ev5 z !y hon\r ! ,fa!r8 ,?is1 c]ta9ly1  
comm&s to r5d] to ,jesus ! same homage  
:i* is r5d]$ to ,god4 ,i might prove t 8
 disciples did wor%ip him1 by ref]r+ to 
_m passages 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1          
especially 9 ! ,revelations1 9 ! latt]  
"p ( :i*1 ,jesus is repres5t$ z say+1 ,i
 am ! ,alpha1 & ! ,omega1 ! beg9n+1 & ! 
end1 ! fir/1 &1 ! la/1 t]ms appli$ to ! 
,et]nal 9 ,isaiah1 :]e ,god says1 7z if 
9 express opposition to su* doctr9e7 t  
!re is no ,god ) him3 ,he kn[s n any2   

!re 0 none be=e him1 nei!r %all !re be  
any aft] him4 ,i c\ld also adduce _m    
passages relat+ to ! ,et]nal ( ,ho/s1   
quot$ f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & appli$ 9 !   
,new to ,jesus4 ,witness !              
foll[+3--,john xii4 #da1 alludes to     
,isaiah vi4 #e2 ,revelations i4 #h14aa1 
#ag1 & ii4 #h1 to ,isaiah xli4 #d1      
xliii4 #aa1 & xliv4 #f2 ,john xxi4 #af1 
#ag1 & ,revelations ii4 #bc1 to #a/ ,k+s
 viii4 #ci2 ,john vii4 #i1 ,j]emiah xi4 
#bj1 & xvii4 #bj1 ,revelations xx4 #ab14
 to ,isaiah xl4 #aj2 &1 to cr[n all1    
,jesus1 9 ,revelations i4 #ac1 #ad1ae1  
#af1 #ag1 is describ$ 9 almo/ ! same    
words z is ! ,supreme ,god2 ! ,anci5t ( 
,days 9 ,daniel1 #g? *apt]2 & 7 !re n   
o!r pro(s 9 abundance to ?is purpose1   
?is resemblance alone w\ld decide me4   
,i n[ leave x to ! cool judgm5t ( !     
read]1 :e!r ,jesus propheci$ truly1 or  
did1 or did n1 tea* ! duty ( pay+       
religi\s homage to o!r be+s besides     
,god8 &1 if s1 x is consequ5t1 accord+  
to ! te/s by ,*ri/ians ackn[l$g$ to be  

giv5 by ,god himself 9 ,deut]onomy1 t if
 ,jesus 0 n s5t by1 or f1 him2 = if he  
0--,gods own words w\ld be contradict$  
by ,gods own de$s4    ,,*apt] ,,xvi4    
,,exam9ation ,,( ,,! ,,evid5ce1         
,,ext]nal ,,& ,,int]nal1 ,,9 ,,favor ,,(
 ,,! ,,cr$ibility ,,( ,,! ,,gospel      
,,hi/ory4  ,9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 ,i h tak5
 ! ,new ,te/am5t z ,i f\nd x1 & h argu$ 
^u ! supposition t ,jesus & ! apo/les   
really said1 & reason$1 z has be5 /at$4 
,i w n[ endeav\r to %[1 by an exam9ation
 ( ! au!nticity ( ! f\r gospels1 t x is 
n c]ta9 t !y 7 really guilty ( su*      
mi/akes z are relat$ ( !m 9 ^? books4   
99,! life & doctr9es ( ,jesus1 & 8      
foll[]s1 are conta9$ 9 ! pieces compos+ 
! volume call$ ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!      
g5u95ess ( ! books1 i4 e41 :e!r !y 7    
writt5 by ^? to :om !y are ascrib$1 mu/ 
be judg$ (1 f ! ext]nal te/imony conc]n+
 !m1 & f int]nal m>ks 9 ! books         
!mselves2 = ! miracul\s acts !re91 &    
!re9 only1 conta9$ & relat$1 _c prove ! 
tru? & au!nticity ( ! books1 because !  

au?ority & cr$ibility ( ! books !mselves
 mu/ be firmly e/abli%$1 be=e ! miracles
 relat$ 9 !m c reasonably be admitt$ z  
real facts4  ,n[1 ! ext]nal evid5ce 9   
fav\r ( ^! books1 is ! te/imony ( ^? m5 
call$ ! fa!rs2 & z ! value ( te/imony   
dep5ds ^u ! "* ( ! witnesses1 x w\ld be 
prop]1 fir/1 to /ate z mu* z1 c be le>n$
 ( ^! m54 ,z "t w n p]mit me to adduce  
all t might be said ^u ?is subject1 ,i  
%all "h only take ^u me to ass]t1 t !y 7
 mo/ cr$ul\s1 sup]/iti\s1 & weak m51 &1 
:at is worse1 made no scruple (         
falsify+1 to support & fav\r :at !y     
call$ ! cause ( tru?2 = !y 7 writ]s (   
apocryphal books1 attribut+ !m to !     
apo/les1 &1 moreov]1 great              
miracle-mong]s1 :o vamp$ up /ories (    
prodigies to delude _! foll[]s1 & :i* !y
 !mselves knew to be false4 ,i say1 ,i  
take ^u me to ass]t ?is2 & to confirm & 
e/abli% ?is accusation1 ,i ref] ! read] 
to ,dr4 ,middletons ,free ,enquiry1 a   
le>n$ ,*ri/ian1 :o1 !re=e1 _h no int]e/ 
to misrepres5t ?is matt]2 & he w !re f9d

 ^! accusations amply v]ifi$1 & traits (
 "* prov$ ^u !m4 ,by no means fav\rable 
to ! cr$ibility ( _! te/imony4  ,! fir/ 
( ^! ,fa!rs ^: te/imony is usually      
adduc$ to prove ! au!nticity ( !        
,gospels1 is ,papias1 a ,disciple (     
,john4 ,! "* giv5 ( him by ,eusebius is1
 t he 0 a sup]/iti\s1 & cr$ul\s man4 ,& 
?is is easily prov$ by record+ "s ( !   
/ories1 conc]n+ ,jesus1 & 8 foll[]s1    
writt5 by ?is ,papias 9 a book extant 9 
! "t ( ,eusebius4 ,"o ( ^! /ories is    
m5tion$ by ,ir5oeus1 :o says1 t ,papias 
_h x f ,john2 :o1 accord+ to ,papias1   
said1 t ,jesus said1 t-- ,! days %all   
come1 9 :i* !re %all be v9es1 :i* %all  
sev]ally h t5 ?\s& bran*es2 & e "o ( ^! 
bran*es %all h t5 ?\s& less] bran*es2 & 
e "o ( ^! bran*es %all h t5 ?\s& twigs2 
& e "o ( ^! twigs %all h t5 ?\s& clu/]s 
( grapes2 & e "o ( ^! grapes be+ press$ 
%all yield two hundr$ & sev5ty-five     
gallons ( w9e4 ,& :5 a man %all take    
hold ( any ( ^! sacr$ bun*es1 ano!r bun*
 %all cry out ,i am a bett] bun*1 take  

me1 & bless ! ,"l by me6 ,!res a        
,mun*aus5 = y1 read]6 ,well6 ?is ,papias
 is ! fir/ witness :o liv$ aft] ,mat!w1 
:o has spok5 ( 8 ,gospel4 ,he liv$ ab\t 
! ye> #aaf aft] ,jesus4 ,& :at does he  
say ( x8 ,:y ?is4 ,mat!w compos$ a writ+
 ( ! ,oracles 7mean+ )\t d\bt !         
,doctr9es ( ! ,gospel17 9 ! ,hebrew     
,language1 & e "o int]pret$ !m z he 0   
able4 ,s f> z ?is ,te/imony goes x is   
positive evid5ce1 t ! only ,gospel (    
,mat!w extant 9 #aaf1 0 extant 9        
,hebrew2 & !re 0 !n no translation1 ( x1
 = e "o int]pret$ z he 0 able4 ,! pres5t
 gospel call$ ( ,mat!w 0 !n n writt5 by 
him1 = x is 9 ,greek4 ,& t x has n at   
all ! air ( be+ a translation is ass]t$ 
by mo/ ( ! le>n$4 ,z x /&s !n1 x 0 n    
writt5 by ,mat!w3 & t x _c be a         
translation ( ,mat!ws ,hebrew1 is n only
 pla9 f ! circum/ance ( its /yle1 & o!r 
m>ks und]/ood by ,biblical ,critics1 b c
 also be prov$ by ano!r /ory relat$ by  
?is same ,papias conc]n+ ! mann] ( !    
dea? ( ,judas4 ,8 body1 & head 7says    

,papias7 became s swoll51 t at l5g? he  
c\ld n get ?r\gh a /reet 9 ,j]usalem1   
:]e two *>iots might pass abrea/1 & hav+
 fall5 to ! gr\nd1 he--bur/ asund]4  ,n[
 ?\gh ?is ridicul\s /ory is und\bt$ly   
false1 yet x is n cr$ible t ,papias1 :o 
_h s great a rev]5ce = ! ,apo/les z to  
collect & ga!r all _! say+s1 w\ld s     
flatly by 8 /ory ( ! dea? ( ,judas      
contradict ! /ory ( ,mat!w1 if ! ,hebrew
 ,gospel ( ,mat!w conta9$ t "p ( !      
,greek ,gospel ( ,mat!w :i* relates !   
mann] ( ,judas ,dea?4  ,ju/9 ,m>tyr liv$
 aft] ,papias1 9 ! middle ( ! second    
c5tury2 & ?\gh he relates _m            
circum/ances agree+ 9 ! ma9 ) ^? record$
 9 ! ,gospels1 & appe>s to quote say+s (
 ,jesus f "s book or books2 yet x is    
sub/antially ackn[l$g$ by ,dr4 ,m>%1 !  
le>n$ annotator on ,mi*aeliss           
,introduction1 t ^! quotations are s    
unlike ! words1 & circum/ances 9 !      
receiv$ ,evangeli/s to :i* !y appe> to  
correspond1 t "o ( two ?+s mu/ be true2 
ei!r1 t ,ju/91 :o liv$ #adj ye>s aft]   

,jesus1 _h nev] se5 any ( ! pres5t      
,gospels2 or else1 t !y 7 9 8 "t 9 a v  
diff]5t /ate f :at !y n[ are4  ,! next  
,*ri/ian fa!r :o m5tions ! ,gospel (    
,mat!w is ,ir5oeus1 :o says also t      
,mat!w wrote 8 gospel 9 ! ,hebrew       
,language4 ,! "* ( ,ir5oeus is          
discov]able f 8 "w aga9/ ! ,h]esies ( 8 
"t1 to t ,i ref] ! ,read]1 :o w f9d him 
to h be5 a zeal\s1 ?\gh a v cr$ul\s1 &  
ignorant man2 = he believ$ ! /ory (     
,papias j quot$1 & _m o!rs equally      
absurd4 ,he h[ev] furni%es ?is important
 intellig5ce1 t 9 ! second c5tury1 !    
,*ri/ian _w 0 ov]run ) h]esy1 & a sw>m (
 apocryphal1 & spuri\s ,books 7 receiv$ 
by _m z g5u9e4  ,! next witness 9 fav\r 
( ! ,gospel is ,t]tullian1 :o liv$ 9 !  
latt] end ( ! second c5tury4 ,& !       
s\ndness ( 8 ,judgm5t1 & 8 capability to
 di/+ui% ! g5u9e ,gospels f among a     
hundr$ apocryphal ones1 & above all 8   
reg>d = tru?1 may be judg$ ( f ^! pro(s 
giv5 by himself4 ,he ass]ts ^u 8 own k1 
,i "k x1 says he--t ! corpse ( a dead   

,*ri/ian1 at ! fir/ brea? ( ! pray] made
 by ! prie/1 on occasion ( its own      
fun]al1 remov$ its h&s f its sides1 into
 ! usual po/ure ( a supplicant2 & :5 !  
s]vice 0 end$1 re/or$ !m aga9 to _! =m] 
situation4 7,t]tul4 de anima c4 #ea47 ,&
 he relates z a fact1 :i* he1 & all !   
or?odox ( 8 "t cr$it$1 t--! body ( ano!r
 ,*ri/ian already int]r$ mov$ itself to 
"o side ( ! grave to make room = ano!r  
corpse :i* 0 go+ to be laid by x4 ,& x  
is on ! te/imony ( su* m5 z ^!1 t !     
au!nticity ( ! gospels entirely dep5ds z
 to ext]nal evid5ce2 = ^! are all !     
witnesses t c be produc$ z speak+ ( !m1 
:o liv$ )9 two hundr$ ye>s aft] ,jesus3 
,?ree m51 7= ,ju/9 _c be reckon$ z a    
witness 9 fav\r ( ! gospels47 ,?ree m51 
:o are all ( !m evid5tly cr$ul\s1 & two 
( :om are c]ta9ly 99999999994  ,to      
conv9ce a ?9k+ man t hi/ories record+   
su* v extraord9>y1 ill support$1        
improbable facts z are conta9$ 9 !      
gospels are div9e1 or ev5 really writt5 
by ! m5 to :om !y are ascrib$1 & are n  

ei!r "s ( ! _m spuri\s productions ) :i*
 7z we le>n f ,ir5oeus7 t e>ly age      
ab\nd$1 calculat$ to a/oni% ! cr$ul\s1 &
 sup]/iti\s1 or else writ+s ( au?ors :o 
7 !mselves infect$ ) ! grosse/          
sup]/iti\s cr$ulity2 ( :at use c x be to
 adduce ! te/imony ( ! v few writ]s1 ( !
 same1 or next succe$+ age1 :5 ! v read+
 ( _! works %ews him t !y !mselves 7    
ta9t$ ) t same sup]/iti\s cr$ulity1 (   
:i* are accus$ ! real au?ors ( ! ,new   
,te/am5t8  ,x is an obvi\s rule 9 !     
admission ( evid5ce 9 any cause         
:atsoev]1 t ! m important ! matt] to be 
det]m9$ by x is1 ! m unsulli$ &         
unexceptionable ought ! *>act]s ( !     
witnesses to be4 ,& :5 no c\rt (        
,ju/ice1 9 det]m9+ a "q ( fraud to !    
am\nt ( six p5ce1 w admit ! te/imony (  
witnesses :o are !mselves notori\sly    
convict$ ( ! same (f5ce ( :i* ! def5dant
 is accus$2 h[ c x be expect$1 t any    
reasonable1 unprejudic$ p]son1 %\ld     
admit simil> evid5ce to be ( weight1 9 a
 case ( ! greate/ importance possible1 n

 to himself only2 b to ! :ole human     
race8  ,b !re is /ill a great] defect 9 
! te/imony ( ^? e>ly writ]s1 ?an _!     
sup]/iti\s cr$ulity1 ,i mean _! disreg>d
 ( hon\r1 & v]acity1 9 :atev] conc]n$ ! 
cause ( _! p>ticul> sy/em4  ,?\gh ,luke 
ass]ts1 t _m 7ev5 be=e he wrote 8       
hi/ories = ! use ( ,!ophilus17 _h writt5
 ^u ! same subject3 7:o ( c\rse mu/ h   
be5 ( ! ,jewi% nation17 & _m m mu/ h be5
 writt5 aft]w>ds1 ^: writ+s mu/ h be5   
p>ticul>ly valuable yet s s+ul>ly       
indu/ri\s h ! fa!rs1 & succe$+ sons ( ! 
or?odox *ur* be51 9 de/roy+ e writ+ ^u !
 subject ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i* !y c\ld n by
 "s means1 or o!r1 apply to ! support ( 
_! own unholy sup]/ition1 t no "w (     
importance ( any ,*ri/ian writ]1 )9 !   
?ree fir/ c5turies1 ha? be5 p]mitt$ to  
come d[n to u1 except ^? books :i* !y h 
?\ght fit to adopt1 & transmit to u z ! 
canon ( apo/olic scripture2 & ! works ( 
a few o!r writ]s1 :o 7 all ( !m1 n only 
conv]ts f ,paganism1 b m5 :o _h be5     
educat$ & well in/ruct$ 9 ! ,philosophic

 ,s*ools ( ! latt] ,platoni/s1 &        
,py?agoreans4  ,! e/abli%$ maxim ( ^!   
s*ools 01 t x 0 n lawful only1 b        
comm5dable to deceive1 & ass]t          
falsehoods = ! sake ( promot+ :at !y    
consid]$ z ! cause ( tru? & piety1 & !  
effects ( ?is maxim1 :i* 0 fully act$ ^u
 by bo? or?odox ,*ri/ians1 & h]etics1   
produc$ a multiplicity ( false1 &       
spuri\s writ+s :]e) ! second c5tury     
ab\nd$4  ,nay1 !y did n sp>e f !        
op]ation ( ?is maxim1 ! scriptures      
!mselves4 ,= !y /uff$ _! copies ( !     
,septuag9t ) a numb] ( int]polat$       
pret5d$ prophecies conc]n+ ,jesus1 & 8  
dea? ^u ! cross2 =g]ies z weak1 &       
contemptible1 & clumsy 9 !mselves1 z !y 
7 impi\s & wick$4 ,:oev] desires to see 
a numb] ( !m2 may f9d !m 9 ! dispute1 or
 dialogue ( ,ju/9 ) ,trypho ! ,jew2 :]e 
he w see ! simple ,ju/9 br++ !m out     
passage aft] passage aga9/ ! /ubborn    
,israelite1 :o cont5ts himself ) coolly 
answ]+1 t ^! m>vell\s prophecies 7 n to 
be f\nd 9 8 ,hebrew bible6  ,!re is also

 ano!r well kn[n1 incontrov]tible pro( (
 ! deceit & falsehood ( ! lead+         
,*ri/ians ( e>ly times1 ( :i* e p]son 9 
! lea/ conv]sant ) ! ecclesia/ical      
hi/ory ( ^? times mu/ be conv9c$--_!    
pret5d$ p[] ( work+ miracles6 ,on ?is   
subject ,i %all say no?+1 b ref] ! read]
 to ! "w ( ,dr4 ,middleton already      
m5tion$1 = an ample acc\nt ( _! ly+     
wond]s1 :i* !y impos$ z miracul\s ^u !  
simple p4  ,) reg>d to ! int]nal evid5ce
 = ! au!nticity ( ! writ+s2 compos+ !   
,new ,te/am5t1 x is /ill less           
satisfactory ?an ! ext]nal evid5ce4 ,&  
?is may be well believ$1 :5 ! read] is  
in=m$ t ! great ,seml]1 aft] sp5d+ 8    
life 9 ! /udy ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory2 & 
antiquities1 :i* he is all[$ to h       
und]/ood bett] ?an any be=e him1 affirm$
 to 8 a/oni%$ coreligioni/s1 t1 except !
 ,gospel ( ,john1 & ! ,apocalypse1 !    
:ole ,new ,te/am5t 0 a collection (     
=g]ies writt5 by ! p>tizans ( ! ,jewi% &
 ,g5tile p>ties 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 &    
entitl$ apo/olic1 9 ord] ! bett] to     

answ] _! purpose4 ,?is op9ion has be5 9 
"p adopt$ 9 ,engl&1 by a le>n$ & %rewd  
cl]gyman nam$ ,evanson1 :o has almo/    
demon/rat$1 t ! ,greek ,gospel ( ,mat!w 
0 writt5 9 ! second c5tury aft] ! bir? (
 ,jesus by a ,g5tile4 ,= he proves t x  
c\ld n be writt5 by a ,jew1 on acc\nt ( 
geographical mi/akes1 & manife/         
ignorance ( ,jewi% cu/oms4 ,he also     
gives good reasons = reject+ !          
au!nticity ( "s ( ! epi/les4 ,9 %ort1 he
 has p\r$ su* a flood ( light ^u ! eyes 
( 8 t]rifi$ bre?r51 z w1 ere long1 no   
d\bt enable !m to see a little cle>] ?an
 h]et(ore4  ,he gives sev]al in/ances ( 
geographical blund]s 9 ,mat!w4 ,i %all  
m5tion only "o4 ,mat!w says1 9 ! #bnd   
*apt]1 t :5 ,joseph1 ! husb& ( ,m>y1    
return$ f ,egypt1 he>+ t ,ar*elaus      
reign$ 9 ,judea1 he 0 afraid to g ?i!r1 
& !re=e turn$ aside1 into ! p>ts (      
,galilee4 ,n[ ?is1 z w appe> f a map (  
,pale/9e1 is j l say+1 a man at         
,philadelphia1 int5d+ to g to ! ,/ate ( 
,new ,york1 on 8 r\te he>d some?+ :i*   

made him afraid to g ?i!r1 & !re=e he   
turn$ aside--into ,bo/on6  ,t ! au?or ( 
t ,gospel 0 ignorant ( ,jewi% cu/oms w  
be evid5t f ! foll[+ circum/ances4 ,he  
says ,jesus told ,pet]1 t be=e ! cock   
crew he w\ld d5y him ?rice2 & t         
aft]w>ds1 :5 ,pet] 0 curs+ & swe>+1 say+
 ,i "k n ! man6 imm$iately ! cock crew4 
,n[ x is un=tunate = ! cr$it ( ?is /ory1
 t x is well kn[n1 t 9 con=mity ) ,jewi%
 cu/oms1 at t "t subsi/+1 no cocks 7    
all[$ to be 9 ,j]usalem1 :]e ,jesus 0   
appreh5d$4 ,?is is kn[n1 & ackn[l$g$ by 
le>n$ ,*ri/ians1 :o h extricat$ !mselves
 f ?is difficulty1 by prov+ t ! cr[+ ( !
 cock1 "h m5tion$1 does n mean1 z x     
appe>s to mean1 absolutely ! cr[+ ( a   
cock1 b t x means--:at do/ ?\ ?9k read]8
 :y x means---! s\nd ( a trumpet6699    
,accord+ to ,luke1 z soon z ,jesus 0    
dead1 ,joseph ( ,arima!a w5t to ,pilate1
 & begg$ 8 body1 & ha/$ to bury x1      
because ! ,sabba? 7:i* began at sunset17
 drew on2 t 8 female disciples att5d$ ! 
burial2 obs]v$ h[ ! body 0 plac$ 9 !    

sepul*re1 & return$ & prep>$ spices &   
o9tm5ts to embalm x )1 be=e ! ,sabba?   
comm5c$2 & !n re/$ ! ,sabba? day1       
accord+ to ! comm&m5t4  ,! pret5d$      
,mat!w1 h[ev]1 tells u1 t :5 ! ev5 0    
come 7i4 e41 :5 ! ,sabba? day 0 actually
 begun17 ,joseph w5t to beg ! body--took
 x d[n1 wrapp$ x 9 l951 & buri$ x2 & t  
,m>y ,magdal5e & ! o!r ,m>y1 7 sitt+ ov]
 aga9/ ! sepul*re4 ,f ! "t t ?is writ]  
has ?\ght fit to allot = ! burial (     
,jesus1 x is evid5t1 t he 0 n only no   
,jew1 b s ignorant ( ! cu/oms ( ! ,jews1
 t he did n "k t _! day always began ) !
 ev5+1 or he w\ld nev] h employ$1       
,joseph 9 do+ :at no ,jew w\ld1 nor d>$ 
to h done1 aft] ! comm5cem5t ( !        
,sabba?4 ,he takes no notice at all ( ! 
prep>ation made by ! wom51 m5tion$ by   
,luke2 = t w\ld n h agre$ ) ! sequel ( 8
 /ory4 ,b to make up = t omission1 he   
in=ms u ( a circum/ance n m5tion$ at all
 by ! o!r ,evangeli/s4 ,= he tells u t  
on ! next day :i* foll[e? ! day (       
prep>ation1 ! ,*ief ,prie/s1 & ,ph>isees

 came toge!r unto ,pilate1 c4 ,! next   
day :i* foll[e? ! day (                 
prep>ation66--su* is ! p]iphrasis t he  
uses = ! ,sabba? day6 ,x is well kn[n t 
among ! ,jews x 01 & is1 cu/om>y to     
prep>e1 & set out1 9 ! aft]noon ( !     
,friday1 all ! food & necess>ies = e    
family dur+ ! ,sabba? day4 ,because !y 7
 =bidd5 to light a fire1 or d any s]vile
 "w1 on t day2 & !re=e ,friday 0 v      
prop]ly call$ ! day ( prep>ation4 ,b x  
appe>s to me next to impossible1 t any  
,jew w\ld call ! sabba? ! day t foll[e? 
! day ( ! prep>ation4 ,yet ?is s+ul>    
hi/orian s d5om9ates x1 & moreov]1 goes 
on to in=m u1 t ! *ief prie/s1 &        
,ph>isees w5t to ,pilate to ask = a gu>d
 to place r\nd ! sepul*re1 till ! ?ird  
day1 to prev5t 8 disciples f /eal+ away 
8 body1 & !n say+1 t he 0 ris5 f ! dead2
 & t aft] obta9+ ! gov]nors p]mission1  
!y1 w5t1 & secur$ ! sepul*re by seal+ ! 
/one t 0 roll$ aga9/ x2 & sett+ a wat*4 
,?\gh !re appe>s no?+ v /range 9 ?is    
acc\nt to a ,*ri/ian1 yet1 ,i assure my 

read]1 t to ! ,jews1 x ev] did1 & mu/   
appe> utt]ly incr$ible4 ,= x is         
wond]ful6 t ! ,jewi% rul]s1 & ! rigor\s 
,ph>isees %\ld 9 s public a mann] ?us   
violate ! precept = obs]v+ ! ,sabba?    
day2 = ! p5alty ( ?is action ( !irs 0 no
 less ?an dea?6 ,m wond]ful /ill is x t 
!y %\ld h s mu* bett] att5d$ to1 &      
compreh5d$ ! mean+ ( ! pr$iction (      
,jesus to 8 disciples1 ?an 8 own        
disciples did2 & mo/ wond]ful ( all1 t a
 ,roman ,proconsul %\ld cons5t to let 8 
troops keep wat* r\nd a tomb1 = fe> x   
%\ld be ?\ght t a dead man 0 come to    
life aga94  ,b ?\gh our au?ors hi/ory ( 
^! extraord9>y facts is nei!r consi/5t )
 reason1 & probability1 nor ) ! o!r     
hi/ories ( ! same ev5t2 x proce$s 9     
pretty /rict con=mity to ! mann] 9 :i* x
 sets out4 ,= to conv9ce u /ill m fully 
t ! au?or 0 totally ignorant ( ! mode ( 
comput+ "t 9 use among ! ,jews1 &       
habituat$ to t 9 use among ! ,greeks &  
,romans8 ,he reckons ! ,sabba? to la/   
till day light on ,sunday morn1 & says1 

7*apt] xxviii471 t 9 ! end ( ! ,sabba?1 
z x began to dawn1 t[>ds ! fir/ day ( ! 
week1 ! two ,m>ys be=e m5tion$1 came1 7n
 z 9 ,luke1 to embalm ! body1 =1 ) a    
gu>d r\nd ! sepul*re1 t w\ld h be5      
impracticable1 b7 to see ! sepul*re4    
,:il/ !y 7 !re1 ! au?or tells u1 !re 0  
ano!r great e>?quake1 & an angel        
desc5d$1 roll$ away ! /one1 & sat ^u x1 
at ^: sight1 ! soldi]s trembl$1 & 7     
fright$ to dea?4 ,b to prev5t ! l effect
 ( 8 appe>ance ^u ! wom51 he said unto  
!m1 fe> n ye1 = ,i "k t ye seek ,jesus  
:o 0 crucifi$4 ,t ! wom5 z well z !     
soldi]s 7 pres5t at ! desc5t ( ?is      
angel1 appe>s n only f !re be+ nobody   
else1 by :om ^! uncommon circum/ances   
c\ld h be5 relat$1 b also by ! pron\n   
p]sonal ye1 ins]t$ 9 ! orig9al ,greek1  
:i* 9 t language is nev] done1 unless x 
be emphatically to m>k su* a di/9ction1 
or anti!sis1 z !re 0 on ?is occasion1   
betwe5 !m & ! ,roman gu>d4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 !
 au?or is inadv]t5tly inconsi/5t )      
himself1 z well z ) ! o!r evangeli/s2 & 

=gett+ t ! sole int5t ( roll+ away !    
/one1 0 to op5 a passage1 absolutely    
necess>y to ! body ( ,jesus to come =?  
out ( ! sepul*re2 & t if he _h ris5 &   
come =? aft] ! angel _h roll$ x away1   
bo? ! wom5 & ! soldi]s mu/ h se5 him    
rise1 he makes ! angel bid !m look into 
! sepul*re1 to see--t he 0 n !re6 & tell
 !m t he 0 already ris52 & t he 0 gone  
be=e !m into ,galilee1 :]e !y %\ld see  
him6 ,9 _! way1 ! au?or adds1 ,jesus    
himself met ! wom51 & said1 be n afraid1
 g tell my bre?r5 to g into ,galilee1 & 
!re %all !y see me4 ,he says t ! elev5  
apo/les w5t into ,galilee1 to an appo9t$
 m\nta91 & saw him !re2 not)/&+ t "s (  
!m 7 s incr$ul\s1 z n to believe ev5 !  
te/imony ( _! own s5ses4  ,9 ! int]im1  
:il/ ! wom5 7 go+ to ! apo/les1 ! au?or 
tells u1 "s ( ! wat*2 "s /rictly        
discipl9$ ,roman soldi]s left _! /ation 
to br+ an acc\nt ( :at _h pass$1 n to ! 
,gov]nor _! ,g5]al1 nor to any ( _! own 
(fic]s--b to ! *ief prie/s ( ! ,jews6 t 
!y assembl$ a c\ncil ( ! eld]s ^u !     

occasion1 & aft] delib]at+ :at 0 to be  
done1 induc$ ! soldi]s1 by l>ge bribes1 
to run ! risk ( be+ put to dea?         
!mselves1 ^u ! highly improbable *ance (
 ! ,jewi% rul]s hav+ influ5ce suffici5t 
) ! ,roman ,proconsul to prevail on him 
to submit to ! indelible infamy (       
neglect+ ! discipl9e ( ! army "u 8      
comm&1 to su* a degree1 z to suff] an   
entire gu>d ( soldi]s av[$ly to sleep ^u
 _! /ation1 )\t any notice be+ tak5 ( x6
 & to say 8 disciples came & /ole him   
away :il/ we slept4 ,?is incr$ible /ory 
is ano!r in/ance h[ necess>y x is1 t ^? 
:o d n adh]e closely to ! tru?1 %\ld h  
extraord9>y good memories to enable !m  
to keep cle> ( absurdities1 or palpable 
contradictions 9 _! n>rations4 ,=1      
consid] ! circum/ances4 ,h[ 7 ! tongues 
( ^! soldi]s to be re/ra9$ among !      
inquisitive inhabitants ( a l>ge city1  
7at t "t too1 greatly cr[d$ on acc\nt ( 
! pas*al fea/17 n only 9 _! way to !    
*ief prie/s2 b also dur+ ! :ole "t :ile 
! prie/s assembl$ ! ,sanh$rim1 & 7      

delib]at+ :at 0 to be done8 ,& if t "p (
 ! wat*1 :o1 ! au?or says1 came to in=m 
! *ief prie/s1 7 poltroons en\gh = !    
sake ( a bribe to und]go s %ameful a    
disgrace to !mselves1 z well z to haz>d 
! res5tm5t ( _! ,g5]al1 h[ c\ld !y      
und]take t all _! comrades :o rema9$ at 
! sepul*re w\ld d ! same8 & to :at      
purpose c\ld ! ,jewi% c\ncil bribe "s1  
)\t a possibility ( "s "o kn[+ h[ ! re/ 
( ! corps w\ld act8 ,& ev5 suppos+ all  
^! difficulties surm\nt$1 & t ! :ole    
gu>d _h agre$1 & p]si/$ 9 say+1 8       
disciples /ole him away :ile we slept1 (
 :at s]vice c\ld t be to ! ,jewi% rul]s8
 ,= if ! gu>ds 7 asleep1 !y c\ld be no  
evid5ce to prove t ! body 0 tak5 away2 &
 x might be j z probable t he might rise
 to life aga9 :ile ! wat* 0 asleep1 z x 
0 if no wat* _h be5 set4  ,9 a ^w1 x    
appe>s f ! numb]s ( ,lat9 words 9 ,greek
 *>act]s1 :i* ?is book conta9s2 f !     
num]\s geographical blund]s2 & ! au?ors 
evid5t ignorance ( ! cu/oms ( ! ,jews3 f
 ! =m ( ,baptism enjo9$ at ! conclusion1

 :i* 0 n 9 use 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 z appe>s
 f ! =m m5tion$ z !n us$ 9 ! ,acts2 f ! 
,roman ,c5turions be+ made to call      
,jesus a ,son ( a ,god1 :i* words 9 !   
m\? ( a ,pagan c\ld only mean t he mu/  
be a ,demigod1 l ,bac*us1 ,h]cules1 or  
,esculapius3 x is cle> t ?is ,gospel is 
! pat*$ "w composition ( "s conv]t f !  
,pagan s*ools4 ,at any rate1 8 gospel   
flatly contradicts ! o!rs 9 sev]al      
important p>ticul>s 9 ! hi/ory ( !      
,resurrection4 ,= he repres5ts ! apo/les
 z be+ comm&$ by ! ,angel & by ,jesus1  
to g to ,galilee1 9 ord] to see him2 & t
 !y w5t !re1 & saw him on a m\nta94 ,yet
 x is said by ! o!r ,evangeli/s1 see    
,luke1 *4 #bd1 & ,acts #a1 t he appe>$  
on ! saw day ( ! resurrection to ,pet]  
at ,j]usalem2 to two o!r disciples z !y 
w5t to ,emmaus2 & on ! succe$+ night to 
?is :ole congregation ( ! ,disciples1 n 
9 ,galilee1 b 9 ,j]usalem1 & t by 8     
express comm& ! apo/les did n g into    
,galilee1 b rema9$ at ,j]usalem till !  
fea/ ( ,p5teco/4  ,b z ?is au?or diff]s 

f ! o!r ,evangeli/s1 s !y also diff]    
among !mselves4 ,& ! latt] "p ( ! la/   
*apt] ( ,m>k is s irreconcilable to !   
o!r hi/orians ( ! resurrection1 t 9 _m  
,manuscripts x is f\nd omitt$4 ,& t     
gospel ends 9 !m1 at ! eigh? ,t]se ( !  
la/ *apt]4 ,& ,mr4 ,we/1 9 8 attempt$   
reconciliation ( _! acc\nts ( !         
resurrection1 is oblig$ to make a numb] 
( po/ulates1 to take a numb] ( ?+s =    
grant$1 :i* might be d5i$3 & aft]       
elaborately arrang+ ! /age = ! p]=mance1
 he sets ! wom51 & ! disciples a driv+  
backw>ds1 & =w>ds1 f ! city to !        
sepul*re1 & f ! sepul*re to ! city1 & s 
agitat$ t !y =got to "k ea* o!r :5 !y   
cross 9 _! j\rneys4 ,not)/&+ 8 great    
+5uity 9 reconcil+ contradictions1 9 :i*
 he beats ,sur5husius himself1 he makes 
b a sorry piece ( "w ( x aft] all4 ,he  
_h mu* lett] h let x alone2 = 8 "w ^u ! 
resurrection :i* he calls ! ma9 fact (  
,*ri/ianity1 displays ^! contradictions 
9 s gl>+ a light1 t ! v lab\r$ +5uity ( 
8 me?ods ( reconciliation1 inevitably1  

sugge/s confirmation /rong to ! ke5-ey$ 
read]1 ( t irreconcilability :i* ! au?or
 endeavors to refute4 ,:at rational man 
!re=e c reasonably be requir$ to believe
 ! /ory ( a resurrection pret5d$ to h   
be5 se5 & kn[n1 only by ! p>ty int]e/$ 9
 mak+ x believ$6 :5 9 _! te/imony ev51  
!y d n agree b contradict ea* o!r8  ,!re
 is really an imm5se numb] (            
discrepancies & contradiction 9 ! ,new  
,te/am5t :i* ! acum5 ( le>n$ ,*ri/ians  
has ( late discov]$1 & po9t$ out to !   
_w4 ,& ,mr4 ,evanson1 9 8 "w on !       
,dissonance ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s1 has    
collect$ a mass en\gh1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 to  
t]rify ! mo/ det]m9$ ,reconciliator t   
ev] liv$4 ,x is a little rem>kable1 t   
,mr4 ,evanson has ass]t$1 & has prov$1 !
 spuriosness ( ! ,gospel ascrib$ to     
,john1 :i* ,seml] sp>$1 9 ! g5]al wreck 
:i* he made ( ! au!nticity ( ! o!r books
 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,mr4 ,evanson says1 
9 8 exam9ation ( x1 :at has be5 said    
be=e1 t ! spee*es ascrib$ to ,jesus 9 x1
 are mo/ incoh]5t1 contradictory1 &     

falsifi$ by well kn[n facts4 ,& inde$ ! 
au?or ( ! book itself1 /]ns to be       
s5sible ( ?is2 = he v naturally         
repres5ts ! ,jews repeat$ly accus+      
,jesus ( be+ mad4 ,he ha? a devil1 & is 
mad1 7say !y to ! multitude7 :y he> ye  
him8 & s 9 o!r places4 ,mr4 ,evanson    
consid]s ?is "w z ! composition ( a     
conv]t$ ,platoni/ or ( a ,platoniz+     
,jew2 ! latt] we ?9k to be ! mo/ correct
 op9ion2 s9ce x is evid5t t ! au?or ( t 
gospel _h ! works ( ,philo at 8 f+]s    
ends1 :i* is m ?an c be suppos$ ( ,john4
 ,z ,seml] except$ ! ,gospel ( ,john    
only1 s ,mr4 ,evanson excepts ! ,gospel 
( ,luke only f ! *>ge ( spuri\sness3    
?\gh he says t x is grossly corrupt$1 & 
int]polat$4 ,f ^! corruptions &         
int]polations1 he endeav\rs to purify x2
 9 :i* attempt wo ?9k he has _h v       
indiff]5t success4 ,9 %ort1 8 "w has    
prov$1 7:at he did n himself            
contemplate7 t ! provid5ce ( ! ,god (   
tru? has tak5 c>e1 t s _m absurdities & 
contradictions1 %\ld be conta9$ 9 ^!    

books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* 7 writt5 to 
e/abli% a mi/ake1 z mu/ ,i conceive1    
satisfy any man1 :o has !m once po9t$   
out to him1 t ! doctr9e ( ^? books is n1
 & _c be f ,god4  ,b x may be /ill ask$1
 h[ did ?is notion ( ! resurrection (   
,jesus become curr5t8 ,h[ c y acc\nt = !
 apo/les believ+ su* a ?+8 ,we answ]    
s9c]ely--we _c absolutely asc]ta94 ,!   
,jews ( t age h left no docum5ts ^u ?is 
bus9ess4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,*ri/ian religion 
is s extremely obscure1 t ,josephus     
takes no notice ( x at all1 7= ! passage
 relat+ to ,*ri/ian affairs n[ f\nd 9   
,josephus are notori\s int]polations47  
,& x is evid5t f ! ,*ronological1 & o!r 
mi/akes ab\t ,jesus1 9 ! ,talmud1 t !   
curiosity ( ! le>n$ ,jews _h nev] be5   
int]e/$ by ,*ri/ianity1 till s long aft]
 ,jesus1 t ! memory ( him1 & 81 0 almo/ 
entirely lo/ among t nation4 ,& x appe>s
 f ! la/ *apt] ( ! ,acts1 t :5 ,paul 0  
receiv$ by ! ,jews at ,rome1 he _h n be5
 consid]$ by ! ,jews ( ,j]usalem z (    
suffici5t importance1 z to cause !m to  

w>n _! bre?r5 ( ! ,disp]sion conc]n+    
him2 = ^! ,jews tell ,paul1 on 8        
enquir+1 t !y _h n receiv$ any lett]s   
conc]n+ him f ,j]usalem4 ,s t we c (f]  
no?+ b conjecture1 to solve !           
difficulty4  ,x has be5 said by "s1 7& x
 is by no means an hypo!sis de/itute (  
plausibility7 t ,jesus 0 inde$ crucifi$1
 b did n actually die on ! cross4 ,x is 
evid5t t ,pilate 0 extremely desir\s to 
save 8 life2 & is x impossible t !      
,roman soldi]s1 :o crucifi$ him1 _h     
secret ord]s8 ,consid] ! ciscum/ances4  
,he 0 crucifi$ at our n9e 9 ! morn+1 & 0
 tak5 f ! cross at ab\t ?ree 9 !        
aft]noon4 ,n[1 crucifixion is n a dea?  
:i* kills m5 9 six h\rs1 & m5 h be5 kn[n
 to h liv$ fa/5$ to ! cross = m ?an two 
days4 ,consid]1 besides1 t :5 ! soldi]s 
gave ! c\p de grace to ! two robb]s1 t  
!y did n break ! legs ( ,jews4 ,?is1 !  
au?or ( ! ,gospel accord+ to ,john says1
 !y did1 9 ord] to fulfill a prophecy2 b
 ,i leave x to my read]1 :e!r x is n m  
likely t !y did s 9 ord] to fulfill     

secret ord]s8 ,b to make up = t         
omission1 ! au?or adds1 t !y pi]c$      
,jesus ) a spe>4 ,n[1 besides t ?is is n
 m5tion$ by ! o!r ,evangeli/s1 ! v mann]
 9 :i* ?is circum/ance is m5tion$1 &    
eag]ly affirm$ by him1 looks z if !     
au?or 0 aw>e ( ! likelihood ( a         
suspicion ( ! fact we are try+ to prove 
probable1 & t he wrote ?is 9 ord] to    
obviate x4 ,& aft] all1 ! gospel accord+
 to ,john 0 c]ta9ly n writt5 by him1 &1 
!re=e1 :at ! au?or ( x obs]ves1 may be  
true1 or n4 ,y w obs]ve also1 read]1 t !
 body ( ,jesus 0 giv5 by ,pilate to 8   
fri5ds imm$iately2 a fav\r nev] v\*saf$ 
by ! ,romans 9 su* a case1 except       
speciali gratia4 ,y w obs]ve also1 t !  
body 0 tak5 d[n by 8 fri5ds1 no d\bt )  
great c>e2 probably 0 wa%$ f ! blood1 & 
rubb$ p]fectly dry2 & 0 deposit$ 9 !    
cave or sepul*re1 ) a l>ge quantity (   
spices1 & aromatics4 ,n[ suppose t      
,jesus only swoon$ on ! cross1 & t 8    
nak$ body1 aft] be+ cleans$ z a=esaid1 0
 laid 9 ! new sepul*re :]e ! air 0 cool 

& fre%1 wrapp$ 9 a consid]able quantity 
( dry l951 toge!r ) _m spices1 &        
aromatics1 :at c\ld be m opportune1 or  
prop]1 to /imulate 8 dr[s$ s5ses1 &     
recall ! un=tunate suff]] to life8      
,suppose !n1 t on awak+ f 8 trance1 he  
dis5gag$ himself1 & took himself away z 
secretly z possible1 might n all ?is h  
happ5$8 ,is x impossible8 ,& does x n   
look plausible8 ,x is n improbable t he 
might aft] ?is h %ew$ himself privately 
to 8 p>ticul> disciples2 = y w          
recollect1 read]1 t ! appe>ances (      
,jesus to 8 disciples aft] 8 crucifixion
 7 to !m1 only1 & = ! mo/ "p 9 ! night4 
,& x is by no means impossible1 t !     
twelve apo/les1 :o 71 ,i d\bt n1 well   
mean+ m51 ?\gh extremely simple &       
cr$ul\s2 ,i say x is ?us by no means    
impossible1 t !y might h believ$        
s9c]ely1 t _! ma/] _h ris5 f ! dead4    
,?is hypo!sis mu/ n be consid]$ only z !
 bra9 "w ( an unbeliev+ sceptic2 = x has
 be5 79 its ma9 pr9ciple7 advanc$1 &    
elaborately def5d$ by ,dr4 ,paulus !    

pr(essor ( div9ity 9 ! pr9cipal         
,univ]sity 9 ,bav>ia4  ,x is true1 t x  
may be said1 t ?is is all hypo!sis1 &   
m]e conjecture4 ,we all[ x2 x is true2 &
 we ass]t t ! acc\nt giv5 by !          
,evangeli/s is no bett]1 nay1 worse ?an 
conjecture1 z x is a m]e =g]y ( ! second
 c5tury6 ,= no man1 we ?9k1 :o kn[s all 
t has be5 made kn[n by biblical critics1
 9 lat] ye>s1 w n[ s]i\sly cont5d = !   
lit]al tru? ( t acc\nt4 ,see ,app5dix   
,a4  ,if all ?is w n satisfy ! man t    
believe? all ?+s1 our la/ res\rce is to 
demy ! act ( ?is resurrection4 ,& ?is we
 c d ) p]fect sang froid1 z we "k v well
 t x _c be prov$2 = ! only te/imony 9   
fav\r ( x1 are ! f\r evangeli/s2 f\r    
witnesses1 ! l ( ^: writt5 te/imony1 )  
ref]5ce !reto1 7be+ z contradic-tory z t
 is17 to say no m1 c]ta9ly w\ld n1 we   
believe1 be receiv$ 9 a mod]n c\rt (    
ju/ice1 to settle ! fact ab\t a debt (  
five doll>s4 ,& if x be /ill urg$1 t su*
 a /ory is unp>allel$1 & !re=e          
respectable2 we say t x is n unp>allel$2

 z we h an acc\nt ( a false ,messiah1 :o
 appli$ ! prophecies to himself1 _h a   
=]unn]1 & m ?an two hundr$ ?\s& foll[]s1
 :o publicly ackn[l$g$ him = ! ,messiah1
 rais$ contributions1 & support$ him    
magnific5tly4 ,he too1 quot$ ! prophets 
z speak+ conc]n+ him1 & 0 said to h     
work$ div]s miracles1 & 0 ultimately put
 to dea? by ! ord] ( ! ,gr& ,seignor at 
,con/ant9ople2 yet nev]!less 0 said to h
 be51 se5 aga9 by c]ta9 ( 8 foll[]s1 :o 
wrote books 9 fav\r ( t fact1 & ( 8     
,messiah%ip4 ,_m le>n$ ,rabb9s enroll$  
!mselves z 8 disciples1 & wrote         
controv]sial works 9 8 cause1 z ,paul   
did4 ,& to conclude1 8 p>ty 0 n entirely
 ext9ct )9 a v few ye>s4 ,yet1 not)/&+  
all ?is1 he 0 an impo/or2 & no man n[   
believes ! /ories ( 8 miracles1 or 8    
resurrection2 not)/&+ t bo? are affirm$ 
by m rec5t1 m le>n$1 & m respectable    
te/imony ?an is1 or c be1 (f]$1 9 fav\r 
( ! ,messiah%ip ( ,jesus4 ,! "n ( ?is   
fam\s impo/or 0 ,%aba?ai ,tzevi1 & 8    
hi/ory is giv5 by ,basnage1 9 8 hi/ory (

 ! ,jews1 & by o!r writ]s ( ,jewi%      
hi/ory4 ,see on ?is subject ! ,seph]    
,tora? ,hak5ao?1 page #b4 ,! le>n$ ,mr4 
,z$n] has extract$ ! life ( ,%abetai    
,tsebi f t9s book1 & publi%$ x1 ) a     
,g]man translation1 9 8 ,auswahl        
hi/oris*] ,/ucke aus ,hebrais*5         
,s*rift/ell]n1 ,b]l91 #ahdj4--;,d4  ,i  
wi% ! ,*ri/ian read] to p]use c>efully1 
& cooly1 t acc\nt2 & if he !n p]si/s 9  
believ+ ! hi/ory giv5 by ! evangeli/s2 )
 su* fai? z 81 he c]ta9ly ought to be   
able to move m\nta9s2 & ,i h no d\bt at 
all1 t ) su* a good natur$ und]/&+ z 81 
if he _h f\nd 9 8 ,new ,te/am5t ! /ory (
 ,jonah misquot$1 & & by a small        
transposition a la mode de ,sur5husius1 
repres5t+ t ,jonah swall[$ ! :ale6 ?is  
/urdy confid5ce 9 ?+s n se51 w\ld1 ,i   
d\bt n h enabl$ him )\t difficulty to   
swall[ ! prophet ) ! :ale 9 8 belly4    
,,*apt] ,,xvii4  ,,( ,,! ,,peculi>      
,,morality ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t1 ,,z 
,,x ,,affects ,,individuals4  ,i h      
already express$ my respect = ! "* (    

,jesus4 ,& ,i aga9 decl>e1 t ,i reque/ x
 may be di/9ctly und]/ood1 t by no?+ t  
,i h said d ,i int5d to impea*1 or to   
deprecate 8 moral "*4 ,:atev] may h be5 
8 defects1 or :atev] 7 8 foibles1 !y mu/
 h be5 ! faults ( 8 m9d1 n ( 8 he>t4 ,=1
 ?\gh he may h>e be5 a mi/ak5 en?usia/2 
yet ,i d firmly believe1 ,t1 ) su* a "* 
z he is repres5t$ to h possess$1 he c\ld
 n h be5 ei!r a hypocrite1 or a wilful  
impo/or4 ,& if x be repli$1 t ,i h1 by  
"s obs]vations on 8 conduct1 indirectly 
impea*$ ! p]fection ( 8 moral "*2 ,i    
answ]1 t if s1 x is c]ta9ly my mis=tune1
 b x may n be 8 fault4 ,to expla9 ?is   
obs]vation1 ,i reque/ ! read] to recall 
to m9d1 t ,jesus wrote no?+ himself6 t !
 only acc\nts we h ( him1 are conta9$ 9 
books1 probably apocryphal1 c]ta9ly n   
g5]ally kn[n till aft] ! middle ( !     
second-c5tury f 8 bir?4 ,! gospels n[   
extant d n appe> to h be5 kn[n to ,ju/9 
,m>tyr2 & ! e>lie/ fa!rs1 9 _! writ+s1  
g5]ally quote traditions conc]nng       
,jesus1 in/ead ( hi/ories4 ,s9ce ^! ?+s 

are s1 :o kn[s1 b t ! au?ors ( !        
hi/ories ( him n[ extant1 h attribut$ to
 him words & actions ( :i* he 0         
guiltless4 ,we "k h[ prone mank9d are to
 inv5t falsehoods conc]n+ em95t m52 =   
in/ance1 ,mahomet expressly disclaim$ ! 
p[] ( work+ miracles1 & yet ! writ+s ( 8
 e>ly foll[]s ascribe hundr$s to him4   
,:y may x n be possible !n1 s9ce ,jesus 
wrote no?+ himself1 t ^! books ascribe  
to him words & actions he nei!r spake   
nor p]=m$8 ,god grant t ?is may "o day  
be prov$6 ,= ,i %\ld rejoice to f9d !   
meek1 g5tle1 & amiable man ( ,naz>e?    
prov$ guiltless ( ! follies & impieties 
attribut$ to him 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z ,i 
f9d x1 & to reason conc]n+ ! works &    
words ( ,jesus1 z ,i f9d !m !re         
express$1 yet ,i w\ld e>ne/ly reque/ !  
read] to consid] me will+ & desir\s to  
exempt ! au?or1 or r ! cause ( !        
,*ri/ian religion1 f ! reproa* ( !      
s5tim5ts ,i am b\nd by my reg>d = "o    
,god1 & 8 attributes1 to express = !    
sy/em itself4 ,yes6 ,i c 9 my own m9d   

sep>ate ,jesus f 8 religion & 8 foll[]s4
 ,i read ) admiration _m ( 8 beautiful  
p>ables4 ,i %all ev] contemplate 8      
mildness1 & b5evol5ce ) respect2 & ,i   
p]use1 ) pity1 ! recital ( 8 suff]+s1 & 
cruel dea?4 ,all ?is ,i h done1 & ,i    
believe ,i %all ev] d2 b ,i _c6 ,i _c1 9
 effect1 d5y ! "o liv+ & true ,god1 &   
r5\nce my reason1 & common s5se1 by     
believ+ all ! contradictory & /range    
doctr9es conta9$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4     
,hav+ unbur!n$ my m9d ^u ?is subject1 & 
frankly express$ my s5tim5ts & feel+s ) 
reg>d to ! "* ( ,jesus2 ,i hope ,i may  
n[ be all[$ 7)\t incurr+ ! *>ge (       
malici\sly expos+ him1 or ! twelve      
apo/les1 to reproa*7 to /ate my op9ions 
) reg>d to ! m]it ( ! moral maxims1     
ascrib$ to him & !m1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 
,& ,i aga9 caution ! read]1 t he is n   
oblig$ to lay to 81 or _!1 *>ge1 !      
mis*iev\s consequ5ces t orig9at$ f act+ 
^u ^! maxims & pr9ciples1 s9ce x is by  
no means impossible t !y may h be5      
falsely ascrib$ to him & to !m4  ,n[ !n1

 let u att5d to ! subject ( ! *apt]1    
viz41 ! moral maxims ascrib$ to ,jesus4 
,^! moral maxims consi/ ( #a/1 ,^? :i* 7
 adopt$ by him f ! ,old ,te/am5t4 #b;d1 
,^? ( :i* he himself is describ$ z !    
au?or4 ,) ! consid]ation ( ^? ( ! fir/  
class ,i %all n tr\ble ! read]1 b %all  
devote ?is *apt] to ! exam9ation ( ^?   
:i* are suppos$ to h orig9at$ f him4 ,^!
 are1 #a/1  ,d to o!rs :at y w\ld t o!rs
 %\ld d to y4 #b;d1  ,resi/ n ! injuri\s
 p]son2 b if a man smite !e on "o *eek1 
turn to him ! o!r also4 #c;d1 ,if a man 
ask ?y cloak1 give him ?y coat also4    
#d?1  ,if ?\ w\lde/ be p]fect1 sell all 
t ?\ ha/1 & give to ! poor2 & come foll[
 me4 #e?1  ,unless a man hate 8 fa!r1 & 
"m1 & wife1 & *ildr51 & possessions1    
yea1 & 8 own life also1 he _c be my     
disciple4 #f?1  ,take no ?\ght = !      
morr[4  ,) reg>d to ! fir/ ( ^! maxims1 
x does n belong to ,jesus1 z ! au?or4 ,x
 is f\nd 9 ! book ( ,tobit1 *apt] iv4   
#ae1 & x 0 a maxim well kn[n to !       
,rabb9s4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! ,talmud v]batim4

 ,:at ?\ w\lde/ n h done to !e1 d n ?\  
to ano!r4 7,tal4 ,bab4 ,s*abbat4 fol4   
#ca47 ,s also ,hillel address$ a        
proselyte ?us1 ,:at is hateful to !e1 d 
n ?\ to ?y neighb\r4 ,sev]al o!r        
expressions ( ,jesus 71 x appe>s f !    
,talmud1 prov]bial expressions 9 use    
among ! ,jews4 ,= in/ance1 ! orig9al ( t
 say+ record$ ,mat!w vii4 #b4 ,)        
:atsoev] measure ye mete1 c41 is f\nd 9 
! ,talmud ( ,babylon 7,sanh$rim fol4    
#ajj1 ,sotah1 *apt] #d1 #g1 #h1i47 ,)   
:atsoev] measure any "o metes x %all be 
measur$ to him4 ,s also ! orig9al ( t   
expression ( ,ca/ out ! beam out ( ?9e  
own eye1 & !n ?\ %alt see cle>ly to ca/ 
! mote out ( ?y bro!rs eye is to be f\nd
 9 ! ,talmud994  ,:at is call$ by       
,*ri/ians ! ,"ls ,pray]1 is m]ely a few 
clauses tak5 f ,jewi% pray]s1 & put     
toge!r4 ,v _m in/ances ( a simil> nature
 to ^! might be produc$2 b1 z ,i mu/ be 
brief1 ! read] is ref]r$ = fur!r        
satisfaction to ! works ( ,lightfoot1   
:]e he w le>n1 by extracts f ,jewi%     

writ+s1 ! s\rce1 & mean+ ( _m m ( !     
say+s ( ,jesus4  ,i n[ proce$ to ! mo/  
disagreeable "p ( ! subject1 viz43 ,!   
consid]ation ( ! o!r maxims m5tion$1    
:i*1 x mu/ be all[$1 d belong to ,jesus1
 or at lea/ to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 s9ce !y 
are ! peculi> moral pr9ciples (         
,*ri/ianity1 & ! hon\r ( !m c be *all5g$
 by1 ,i believe1 no o!r religion4  ,^!  
precepts are s extremely hyp]bolical1 t 
!y are n1 & _c be p]fectly obs]v$ by any
 ,*ri/ian1 :o does n deta* himself      
completely f ! bus9ess ( society2 & ^!  
maxims1 7:i*1 z ,i said be=e1 are ! only
 p>ts ( ! morality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1   
:i* are n borr[$17 nev] h be5 obey$ by  
any b ! primitive ,*ri/ians2 & by !     
,monks1 & ,an*orets2 = ev5 ! ,quak]s &  
,%ak]s1 em95t z !y are 9 ,*ri/ian       
morality1 h nev] be5 able to come q up  
to ! self d5ial requir$ by ! ,new       
,te/am5t4  ,inde$1 ! moral maxims       
peculi> to ,*ri/ianity are              
impracticable1 except by "o :o conf9es 8
 weal? to ! possession ( a suit ( clo!s1

 sad wood5 platt]1 & :o lives 9 a cave1 
or a mona/]y4 ,!y be> ! /amp ( en?usiasm
 ^u _! v front1 & we h always se51 & ev]
 %all see1 t !y are n fit = man3 t !y   
lift him out ( ! sph]e 9 :i* ,god       
design$ him to move2 t !y are useless to
 society1 & frequ5tly produce ! mo/     
dang]\s consequ5ces to x4 ,9 a ^w1 9 ^! 
maxims we f9d comm&s1 ! fulfillm5t (    
:i*1 is impossible by any man :o is a   
husb&1 a fa!r1 or a citiz54  ,x is an   
outrage to human nature1 & to common    
s5se1 to ord] a virtu\s man1 9 ord] to  
rea* p]fection1 to /rip himself ( 8     
prop]ty2 to (f] ! o!r *eek to receive a 
new outrage2 n to resi/ ! mo/ unju/     
viol5ce1 injury1 & insult2 n to def5d   
himself1 or 8 prop]ty1 :5 su$ at ! law2 
to quit 8 h\se & goods1 & to hate 8     
p>5ts1 & bre?r51 & wife1 & *ildr51 = !  
sake ( ,jesus2 to refuse & reject       
innoc5t pleasures2 to d5y himself lawful
 enjoym5ts1 appo9t$ by ! ,creator to    
make ! exi/5ce ( man a bless+ to himself
 & o!rs4  ,:o does n see 9 ^! comm&s !  

language ( en?usiasm ( hyp]bole8 ,^!    
maxims6 are !y n directly fitt$ to      
disc\rage1 & debase a man8 to degrade   
him 9 8 own eyes1 & ^? ( o!rs8 to plunge
 him into despair8 ,& w\ld n ! lit]al   
fulfillm5t ( !m prove de/ructive to     
society8 ,:at %all we say ( t morality  
:i* ord]s ! he>t to deta* itself f      
objects1 :i* ,god1 & reason1 & nature   
ord] x to love8 ,to refuse to enjoy     
innoc5t & lawful happ9ess1--:at is x b  
to despise ! b5efits ( ,god8 ,:at real  
good c result = society f ^! melan*oly  
virtues1 :i* ,*ri/ianity reg>ds z       
p]fections8 ,w a man become m useful to 
society :5 8 m9d is p]petually inquiet$ 
by imag9>y t]rors1 by m\rnful ?\ghts1   
:i* prev5t him f fulfill+ ! duties he   
owes to 8 family1 8 c\ntry & ^? ) :om he
 is connect$8  ,x may be safely said1 t 
en?usiasm is ! base ( ! morality (      
,*ri/ianity2 ,i say1 ! morality (       
,*ri/ianity1 mean+ !reby1 n ! morality (
 ^? call$ ,*ri/ians1 b ! morality       
express$1 & requir$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4  

,! virtues x recomm5ds1 are ! virtues   
c>icatur$1 & r5d]$ extravagant2 virtues 
:i* divide a man f 8 neighb\r1 & plunge 
him 9 melan*oly1 & r5d] him useless1 &  
unhappy ,9 ?is _w we want human virtues1
 n ^? :i* make a man a misan?rope4      
,society desires1 & wants virtues t help
 to ma9ta9 x1 :i* gives x en]gy &       
activity4 ,x wants virtues :i* r5d]     
families indu/ri\s1 & unit$2 & :i*      
incite1 & enable e "o to obta9 lawful   
pleasures1 & to augm5t ! g5]al felicity4
 ,b ! peculi> virtues ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1
 ei!r debase ! m9d by ov]:elm+ fe>s1 or 
intoxicate x ) vision>y hopes1 bo? :i*1 
are equally fitt$ to turn away m5 f _!  
prop] duties4  ,9 tru?1 :at advantages c
 society d]ive f ^? virtues /yl$ by     
,*ri/ians1 ,evangelical8 :i* !y pref] to
 ! social virtues1 ! real & ! useful1 & 
)\t :i*1 !y ass]t1 a man _c please ,god1
 ,let u exam9e ^! vaunt$ p]fections1 &  
let u see ( :at utility !y c be to      
society1 & :e!r !y really m]it !        
pref]5ce :i* is giv5 !m by _! advocates4

  ,! fir/ ( ^! ,*ri/ian virtues1 :i*    
s]ves z a base = all ! o!rs1 is fai?4 ,x
 consi/s 9 believ+ ! tru? ( dogmas1 (   
absurd fables1 :i* ,*ri/ianity 7accord+ 
to ! cate*isms7 ord]s its disciples to  
believe--dogmas1 z absurd & impossible z
 a squ>e circle1 or a r\nd triangle--f  
:i* we see1 t ?is virtue exacts an      
entire r5unciation ( common s5se2 an    
ass5t to incr$ible facts1 & a bl9d      
cr$ulity 9 absurd dogmas1 :i*1 yet1 e   
,*ri/ian is requir$ to believe1 "u pa9 (
 damnation4  ,?is virtue1 too1 ?\gh     
necess>y to all m51 is1 nev]!less1 !    
gift ( heav56 ! effect ( special grace4 
,x =bids d\bt & exam9ation2 x =bids a   
man ! "r to ex]cise 8 reason2 x deprives
 him ( ! lib]ty ( ?9k+1 & degrades him  
into a be>d$ baby4  ,?is fai? vani%es :5
 a man reasons2 ?is virtue _c su/a9 a   
tranquil scrut9y4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y 
all ?or\gh go+ ,*ri/ians are naturally1 
&1 consequ5tly1 ! enemies ( sci5ce4 ,?is
 miracul\s fai?1 :i* believe? all ?+s1  
is n giv5 to p]sons enlight5$ by sci5ce 

& reflection1 & accu/om$ to ?9k4 ,x is n
 giv5 b to ^? :o are afraid to ?9k1 le/ 
!y %\ld (f5d ,god4  ,! next ,*ri/ian    
virtue :i* fl[s f ! fir/1 is hope1 f\nd$
 ^u ! promises :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t makes
 to ^? :o r5d] !mselves mis]able 9 ?is  
life4 ,x n\ri%es _! en?usiasm1 x makes  
!m =get ! ?+s t are on e>?1 & rea* =w>d 
unto ! ?+s :i* are 9 ano!r _w4 ,x r5d]s 
!m useless "h bel[1 & makes !m firmly   
believe t ,god w recomp5se 9 heav51 !   
pa9s !y h tak5 to make !mselves mis]able
 on e>?4 ,h[ c a man1 occupi$ ) su*     
expectations ( heav5ly happ9ess1 conc]n 
himself at all )1 or =1 ! actual &      
pres5t happ9ess ( ^? ar\nd him1 :ile he 
is indiff]5t z to 8 own8 ,& h[ c he help
 ?is1 :5 he believes t fri5d%ip ) ! _w  
is enmity ) ,god8  ,! ?ird virtue is    
*>ity4 ,we h else:]e said1 t if univ]sal
 love or *>ity means only g5]al         
b5evol5ce1 & a desire to makes o!rs     
happy1 & to d !m good1 all ?is is comm&$
 by reason & ! anci5t revelation2 b if  
by ?is precept x is comm&$ to love ^? :o

 hate1 oppress or insult u1 we d n at   
all scruple to ass]t1 t ! ?+ is         
impossible1 & unnatural4 ,=1 ?\gh we c  
ab/a9 f hurt+ our enemy2 or ev5 c d him 
good1 we _c really love him4 ,love is a 
movem5t ( ! he>t1 :i* is gov]n$ &       
direct$ by ! laws ( our nature1 to ^?   
:om we ?9k wor?y ( x1 & to ^? only4     
,*>ity1 consid]$ z g5]al b5evol5ce (    
disposition1 is virtu\s & necess>y4 ,x  
is no?+ m ?an a feel+ :i* int]e/s u 9   
fav\r ( our fell[ be+s4 ,b h[ is ?is    
feel+ consi/5t ) ! peculi> doctr9es ( ! 
gospel8 ,accord+ to its maxims1 x is a  
crime to (f] ,god a he>t1 :oso          
affections are %>$ by t]re/rial objects4
 ,& besides1 does n exp]i5ce %[1 t      
devotees oblig$ by pr9ciple to hate     
!mselves1 are little dispos$ to give    
bett] treatm5t to o!rs8  ,we %\ld n be  
surpris$ t maxims1 orig9at+ ) en?usiasm1
 %\ld aim at1 & h ! effect (1 driv+ man 
out ( himself4 ,9 ! delirium ( its      
en?usiasm1 ?is religion =bids a man to  
love himself4 ,x comm&s him to hate all 

pleasures b ^? ( religion1 & to *]i% a  
long face4 ,x attributes to him z       
m]itori\s1 all ! volunt>y evils he      
inflicts ^u himself4 ,f !nce orig9ate ^?
 au/]ites1 ^? p5ances1 de/ructive to    
heal?2 ^? cruel privations by :i* !     
inhabitants ( ! mona/ic cell kill       
!mselves by in*es1 9 ord] to m]it ! joys
 ( heav54 ,n[1 h[ c good s5se admit t   
,god delights 9 see+ 8 creatures torm5t 
!mselves8  ,x may be said to all ?is1   
p]haps1 t ?is is m]e declamation1 =     
,*ri/ians n[ a days d n torm5t !mselves1
 b live z com=table z o!rs4 ,to ?is ,i  
answ] t ,*ri/ianity is to be judg$ n by 
:at ,*ri/ians d1 b by :at x comm&s !m to
 d4 ,n[1 ,i presume x w n be d5i$ t !   
,new ,te/am5t comm&s its pr(essors to   
r5\nce ! _w1 to be dead to ! _w1 to     
crucify ! fle% ) its passions1 &        
desires4 ,c]ta9ly ^! directions 7       
lit]ally compli$ ) by ! primitive       
,*ri/ians2 &1 9 do+ s1 !y act$          
consi/5tly4 ,9 ^? times1 ! des]ts1 !    
m\nta9s1 ! =e/s 7 peopl$ ) p]fect       

,*ri/ians2 :o )drew f ! _w1 depriv$ _!  
families ( support1 & _! c\ntry (       
citiz5s1 9 ord] to lead unmole/$ ! div9e
 life4 ,x 0 ! ,new ,te/am5t morality t  
spawn$ ^? legions ( monks & c5obites1 :o
 ?\ght to secure ! fav\r ( heav51 by    
bury+ _! tal5ts 9 ! des]ts1 & devot+    
!mselves to inaction & celibacy4  ,& at 
?is v day we see ^! v same ?+s 9 ^?     
,*ri/ian c\ntries1 :i* are truly fai?ful
 to ! pr9ciples ( _! religion4  ,9 f9e1 
,*ri/ianity seems f ! fir/1 to h tak5   
pa9s to set itself 9 po9t blanc         
opposition to nature1 & reason4 ,if x   
admits & includes "s virtues ord]$ &    
appo9t$ by ,god1 good s5se1 & univ]sal  
exp]i5ce2 x drives !m beyond _! b\nds   
into extravagance4 ,x pres]ves no j     
m$ium1 :i* is ! po9t ( p]fection4       
,voluptu\sness1 adult]y & debau*]y are  
=bidd5 by ! laws ( ,god & reason4 ,b    
,*ri/ianity n cont5t ) comm&+1 &        
enc\rag+ m>riage1 z did ! ,old ,te/am5t1
 mu/ =soo? g beyond x1 & !re=e enc\rages
 celibacy1 z ! /ate ( p]fection ,god    

says1 9 ,g5esis1 x is n good t man %\ld 
be alone4 ,i w make a companion = him4  
,& he bless$ all 8 creatures1 say+1     
increase & multiply4 ,b ! gospel annuls 
?is law1 & repres5ts a s+le life to be  
mo/ pleas+1 to ! v be+1 ^: v fir/ comm& 
01 increase & multiply6 ,x advises a man
 to die )\t po/]ity1 to refuse citiz5s  
to ! /ate1 & to himself1 a support = 8  
old age4  ,x is to no purpose to d5y t  
,*ri/ianity recomm5ds all ?is2 ,i say1 x
 sub/antially does6 & ,i boldly         
appeal1--n to a few ,prote/ant          
,div9es1--b to ! ,new ,te/am5t2 to !    
,homilies ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*2 to !    
,hi/ory1 & ,practice ( ! ,primitive     
,*ri/ians2 to ! innum]able ,mona/]ies ( 
,europe1 & ,asia2 to ! imm5se multitudes
 :o h liv$1 & di$ h]mits2 &1 f9ally1    
7because ,i "k v well1 ! ,prote/ant     
div9es attribute ^! follies to !        
influ5ce ( ,platonism1 ,py?agoranism1 & 
sev]al o!r isms ^u pure ,*ri/ianity7 ,i 
appeal to liv+ evid5ce n[ 9 ! _w1 to !  
only ?or\ghgo+ ,*ri/ians 9 x1 viz41 to !

 ,society ( ! ,%ak]s1 :o ,i ma9ta91 & c 
prove1 to be true1 g5u9e imitators ( !  
,primitive ,*ri/ians1 & a p]fect        
exemplification ( _! mann]s1 & modes (  
?9k+4 ,i adduce !m ! m confid5tly1      
because1 be+ simple1 & unle>n$1 _! "*   
has be5 =m$ by ! _s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 &
 p]fectly repres5ts ! effects ( its     
pr9ciples fully c>ri$ out1 & act$ ^u4   
,!y nev] he>d ( ,platonism1 or (        
,py?agoras 9 _! lives1 &1 consequ5tly1 !
 polemic tricks1 & evasions1 :i* h be51 
z h9t$ j n[1 resort$ to by ,prote/ant   
div9es1 to %ift f ! %\ld]s ( ,*ri/ianity
 to ^? ( ,plato or ,py?agoras1 !        
obnoxi\s pr9ciples we h be5 consid]+1   
are ( no use 9 ?is case1 z1 :atev] !    
*>act]s ( ^! ,%ak]s may be1 !y 7 =m$ by 
! ,new ,te/am5t1 & by no?+ else2 & ,i   
believe1 t e s*ol> 9 ecclesia/ical      
hi/ory1 :o reads ,br[ns hi/ory ( !      
,%ak]s1 w be imm$iately & p[]fully /ruck
 ) ! resemblance subsi/+ betwe5 !m1 & ! 
,*ri/ians ( ! two fir/ c5turies4  ,z    
examples ( ! effects ( ^? precepts (    

,*ri/ian morality1 :i* comm& u to hate  
fa!r1 & "m1 & si/]1 & bro!r1 = ! ,bake (
 ,jesus1 take ! foll[+ extracts f !     
hi/ory ref]r$ to4  ,accord+ to _! fai?1 
natural affection mu/ be eradicat$2 & !y
 say !y mu/ love all equally alike1 z   
bro!rs1 & si/]s 9 ! gospel4 ,x w\ld     
exce$ ! limits ( ?is "w to give a       
p>ticul> acc\nt ( ! v>i\s s*emes t h be5
 contriv$1 to de/roy all natural        
affection & social atta*m5t betwe5 man &
 wife1 p>5t & *ild1 bro!rs & si/]s2     
especially t[>ds su* z h left ! society4
 ,two in/ances t occurr$ ab\t ?is "t1 z 
specim5s ( o!rs1 may suffice4 ,a "m1 :o 
_h r5\nc$ ! fai?1 7i4 e4 left !         
society17 come to ,niskeuna to see1 h]  
daught]4 ,eldress ,hannah ,matt]son told
 ! daught] to g into ! room to h] c>nal 
"m1 & say1  ,:at d y come "h =8 ,i dont 
want y to come & see me ) y\r c>nal     
affections6 ,! "m be+ griev$1 repli$1 ,i
 did n expect t a daught] ( m9e w\ld ev]
 address me 9 t mann]4  ,! daught]1 9   
ob$i5ce to :at %e 0 taught1 repli$ aga91

 ,y h come "h ) y\r c>nal fle%ly        
desires1 & ,i don't want to see y1 &    
left h] "m4  ,"s "t aft]1 "o ,duncan    
,%apley1 :o _h belong$ to ! society1    
call$ to see ,abigail1 8 si/]1 at       
,niskeuna1 :om he _h n se5 = six or sev5
 ye>s2 b he 0 n admitt$3 he wait$ "s "t1
 be+ loa? to g away )\t see+ h]4 ,at la/
 %e 0 ord]$ to g to ! w9d[ & address him
 9 ! language ( abuse & scurrility4 ,!  
words %e made use (1 x w\ld be indec5t  
to m5tion4 ,= ?is %e 0 applaud$1 & t 9 !
 au?ors he>+1 :5 he belong$ to !        
society4  ,?is man gives a v curi\s     
acc\nt h[ ! eld]s treat$  _! babes1 9 _!
 spiritual nurs]y2 b ,i %all notice only
 "o or two examples1 :i* illu/rate :at  
,i h advanc$ conc]n+ ! natural ho/ility 
( ! _s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t t[>ds sci5ce4  
,i "k ( sev]al1 :o1 soon aft] !y jo9$ ! 
,*ur*1 h be5 c\nsell$ by ! ,eld]s to    
dispose ( _! books2 & h accord+ly done  
x4 ,eld] ,eb5ez] be+ at my h\se "o day1 
on see+ a numb] ( books1 he said--,ah6  
,?omas mu/ put away 8 books if he int5ds

 to become a good believ]4  ,z an       
in/ance ( its effects ^u ! human        
und]/&+1 take ! foll[+3--,a %ort "t     
aft]1 be+ at a believ]s h\se1 at elev5  
oclock at night1 !y all hav+ retir$ to  
re/1 & ,i lay+ awake 9 a dry well f9i%$ 
room1 9 :i* 0 a /ove & fire1 !re fell a 
l>ge drop ( wat] on my temples2 on      
exam9ation1 ,i c\ld n discov] :]e ! wat]
 came f4 ,i told ! believ]s ( x 9 !     
morn+4  ,"o said1  ,ah6 x is a w>n+ to y
 respect+ y\r unbelief4  ,i !n assign$  
"s inconclusive reason1 h[ ! drop might 
h become =m$ 9 ! room1 & its fall+4  ,"o
 repli$1 ,ah6 t is ! way y r5d] a       
natural reason = ! cause ( e ?+1 & s    
reason away y\r fai? & y\rself out ( !  
gospel4  ,z ano!r pro(1 t g5u9e         
,*ri/ianity disc\rages m>riage1 &       
consid]s celibacy z ! only /ate (       
p]fection1 ! ,%ak]s all[ ( no m>riages  
at all4  ,?us y see t1 among ^! p1 to   
become a good believ]1 y mu/ insult y\r 
p>5ts1 revile y\r bro!r1 depise le>n+1 &
 nev] r5d] a natural reason = any ?+1   

le/ y %\ld reason away y\r fai?1 &      
y\rself out ( ! gospel4    ,,*apt]      
,,xviii4  ,,on ,,! ,,peculi> ,,morality 
,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t1 ,,z ,,x        
,,affects ,,nations ,,& ,,political     
,,societies4  ,aft] hav+ se5 !          
uselessness1 & ev5 ! dang]1 to          
individuals1 ( ! p]fections1 ! virtues1 
& ! duties1 :i* ,*ri/ianity peculi>ly   
comm&s2 let u n[ see :e!r x has a m     
happy influ5ce ^u politics2 or :e!r x   
produces real happ9ess among ! nations )
 :om ?is religion is e/abli%$1 & ! _s ( 
x fai?fully obs]v$4 ,let u d s1 & we    
%all f9d1 t :]ev] ,*ri/ianity is        
e/abli%$ & obey$1 x e/abli%es a set (   
laws directly oppos$ to ^? ( a well     
ord]$ national society2 & x soon makes  
?is disagreem5t & incompatibility       
di/9ctly to be felt4  ,politics are     
int5d$ to ma9ta9 union & concord among !
 citiz5s4 ,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh x prea*es   
univ]sal love1 & comm&s its foll[]s to  
live 9 peace2 yet1 by a /range          
inconsi/5cy1 consequ5tially annihilates 

! effect ( ^! excell5t precepts1 by !   
inevitable divisions x causes among its 
foll[]s1 :o necess>ily und]/& diff]5tly 
! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 because ! latt]
 is n only irreconcilably contradictory 
to ! =m]1 b x is ev5 inconsi/5t )       
itself4 ,f ! v comm5cem5t ( ,*ri/ianity1
 we p]ceive v viol5t disputes among its 
f\nd]s & tea*]s2 & ?r\gh e succe$+      
c5tury1 we f9d1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*1   
no?+ b s*ism & h]esy4 ,^! are foll[$ by 
p]secutions & qu>rels1 exce$+ly well    
adapt$ to de/roy ?is vaunt$ _s (        
concord1 said by its def5d]s to be      
peculi> to ,*ri/ianity2 & ! exi/5ce (   
:i* is1 9 fact1 impossible 9 a religion 
:i* is "o entire *aos ( obscure doctr9es
 & impracticable precepts4 ,9 e religi\s
 dispute1 bo? p>ties ?\ght t ,god 0 on  
_! side1 &1 consequ5tly1 !y 7 ob/9ate & 
irreconcilable4 ,& h[ %\ld x h be5      
o!rwise1 s9ce !y conf\nd$ ! cause ( ,god
 ) ! mis]able int]e/s ( _! own vanity8  
,?us1 be+ little dispos$ to give way on 
"o "p or ! o!r1 !y cut "o ano!rs ?roats2

 !y torm5t$1 !y burnt ea* o!r3 !y tore  
"o ano!r to pieces2 & hav+ ext]m9at$ or 
put d[n ! obnoxi\s sects1 !y sung ,te   
,deum4  ,x is n my int5tion to pursue1 9
 ?is place1 ! horrid detail (           
ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 z connect$ ) t ( !
 ,roman empire4 ,mr4 ,gibbon has        
exhibit$ 9 su* col\rs ?is dreadful      
record ( follies1 & ( crimes1 t x is    
difficult to see h[ ! maxim ( judg+ !   
tree by its fruit1 w n fatally affect ! 
cause ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,i ref] to 
,mr4 ,gibbons hi/ory z a cool & imp>tial
 n>rative2 = ,i am well satisfi$ t1 s f>
 f hav+ reason to compla9 ( him1 !      
advocates ( ,*ri/ianity h v great       
reason1 inde$1 to ?ank him = 8 =be>ance1
 s9ce1 ) 8 eloqu5ce1 he might h drawn a 
picture t w\ld h made humanity %udd]4   
,=1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole hi/ory1 if a man _h  
wi%$ to "k :at 0 !n ! or?odox fai?1 !   
be/ me?od ( asc]ta9+ x1 w\ld h be51     
und\bt$ly1 to ask1  ,:at is ! cate*ism (
 ?is public execution]4  ,! ,*ri/ian    
religion 01 x is evid5t f 8 hi/ory1 !   

pr9cipal1 ?\gh by no means ! only cause 
( ! decl9e & fall ( ! ,roman empire4    
,because x degrad$ ! _s ( ! p1 & because
 x produc$ monks & h]mits 9 abundance1 b
 yield$ no soldi]s4 ,! hea!n adv]s>ies (
 ,*ri/ianity 7 9 ! "r :5 !y said1 t if x
 prevail$1 ,rome 0 no m6 ,! ,*ri/ians   
w\ld n s]ve 9 ! armies ( ! emp]or1 if !y
 c\ld possibly avoid x4 ,!y ju/ly       
consid]$ ! pr(ession ( a soldi]1 & t ( a
 ,*ri/ian1 z incompatible4 ,celsus      
accuses !m ( ab&on+ ! empire1 "u ^: laws
 !y liv$1 to its enemies4 ,& :at is !   
answ] ( ,orig5 to ?is accusation8 ,look3
 at 8 pitiful reply6 ,he endeav\rs to   
palliate ?is undutiful refusal by       
repres5t+ t--! ,*ri/ians _h _! peculi>  
camps1 9 :i* !y incessantly combatt$ = !
 safety ( ! emp]or & empire1 by lift+ up
 _! "r h&s-- ,,9 ,,pray]66 7,see ,orig5 
contra ,celsum1 ,lib4 #h1 p4 #dcg47 ,?is
 is a sneak+ piece ( bus9ess truly6 ,b  
,orig5 c\ld h giv5 ano!r answ]1 if he _h
 d>$ to av[ x1 :i* is1 t 8              
co-religioni/s1 9 8 "t1 _h n ceas$ to   

expect _! ma/] mom5t>ily to appe>2 &1 ( 
c\rse1 x little matt]$ :at became ( !   
emp]or1 or ! empire4 ,?is notion 0 !    
pr9cipal eng9e = mak+ proselytes2 & x 0 
by ?is expectation t _m 7 fright5$ into 
baptism4  ,t ,*ri/ianity 0 consid]$     
incompatible ) ! milit>y pr(ession1 is  
evid5t f _m passages ( ! fa!rs4 ,& "o ( 
!m1 ,i believe1 ,t]tullian1 v5tures to  
ins9uate to ! ,*ri/ians 9 ! legions1 !  
exp$i5cy ( des]t+1 to rid !mselves ( _! 
c>nal employm5t4 ,nay1 to su* a height  
did ?is _s prevail1 t x nev] /opp$ till 
x taught ! ,roman y\? 9 ,italy ! exp$i5t
 ( cutt+ (f ! ?umbs ( _! "r h&s 9 ord]  
to avoid ! conscription1 & t !y might be
 all[$ to c\nt _! beads at home 9 quiet4
  ,if we exam9e1 9 detail1 ! precepts ( 
?is religion1 z !y affect nations1 we   
%all see1 t x int]dicts e ?+ :i* c make 
a nation fl\ri%+4 ,we h se5 already !   
notion ( imp]fection :i* ,*ri/ianity    
atta*es to m>riage1 & ! e/eem & pref]5ce
 x holds out to celibacy4 ,^! ideas     
c]ta9ly d n fav\r population1 :i* is1   

)\t contradiction1 ! fir/ s\rce ( p[] to
 e /ate4  ,comm]ce is n less obnoxi\s to
 ! pr9ciples ( a religion ^: f\nd] is   
repres5t$ z d5\nc+ an ana!ma aga9/ !    
ri*1 & z exclud+ !m f ! k+dom ( heav54  
,all indu/ry is equally int]dict$ to    
p]fect ,*ri/ians1 :o are to sp5d _!     
lives z /rang]s1 & pilgrims ^u e>?1 & :o
 are n to take c>e ( ! morr[4  ,*ryso/om
 says1 t a m]*ant _c please ,god1 & t   
su* a "o ought to be *as$ out ( ! *ur*4 
,no ,*ri/ian1 also1 )\t be+ inconsi/5t1 
c s]ve 9 ! army4 ,= a man1 :o is nev]   
sure ( be+ 9 a /ate ( grace1 is ! mo/   
extravagant ( m51 if1 by ! haz>d (      
battle1 he exposes himself to et]nal    
p]dition4 ,& a ,*ri/ian :o ought to love
 8 enemies1 is he n guilty ( ! greate/ (
 crimes1 :5 he inflicts dea? ^u a ho/ile
 soldi]1 ( ^: disposition he kn[s no?+3 
& :om he may1 at a s+le /roke1          
precipitate into hell8 ,a ,*ri/ian      
soldi] is a mon/]6 a non-descript6 &    
,lactantius affirms1 t a ,*ri/ian _c be 
ei!r a soldi]1 or an accus] to a crim9al

 cause4 ,&1 at ?is day1 ! ,quak]s1 &    
,m5nonites refuse to c>ry arms1 &1 9 s  
do+1 !y are consi/5t ,*ri/ians4         
,*ri/ianity decl>es w> aga9/ ! sci5ces2 
!y are reg>d$ z an ob/acle to salvation4
 ,sci5ce puffe? up4 says ,paul4 ,& !    
fa!rs ( ! *ur*1 ,/4 ,gregory1 ,/4       
,ambrose1 & ,/4 ,augu/9e d5\nce         
vehem5tly a/ronomy1 & geometry4 ,&      
,j]ome decl>es1 t he 0 :ipp$ by an angel
 only = read+ t ,pagan ,cic]o4  ,x has  
be5 (t5 rem>k$1 t ! mo/ enlight5$ m5 are
 commonly bad ,*ri/ians4 ,= indep5d5t ( 
its effects on fai?1 :i* sci5ce is      
exce$+ly apt to subv]t1 x div]ts !      
,*ri/ian f ! "w ( 8 salvation1 :i* is ! 
only ?+ ne$ful4 ,9 a ^w1 ! peculi>      
pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ianity lit]ally obey$1 
w\ld entirely subv]t f its f\ndations e 
political society n[ exi/+4 ,if ?is     
ass]tion is d\bt$1 let ! d\bt] read !   
works ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs1 & he w see t _!  
morality is totally incompatible ) !    
pres]vation & prosp]ity ( a /ate4 ,he w 
see accord+ to ,lactantius1 & o!rs1 t no

 ,*ri/ian c lawfully be a soldi]4 ,t    
accord+ to ,ju/91 no ,*ri/ian c be a    
magi/rate4 ,t accord+ to ,*ryso/om1 no  
,*ri/ian ought to be a m]*ant ,& t      
accord+ to sev]al1 no ,*ri/ian ought t  
/udy4 ,9 f9e1 jo9+ ^! maxims toge!r ) ^?
 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x w foll[1 t a      
,*ri/ian1 :o z he is comm&$1 aims at    
p]fection1 is a useless memb] ( !       
community1 useless to 8 family1 & to all
 ar\nd him4 ,he is an idle dream]1 :o   
?9ks ( no?+ b futurity2 :o has no?+ 9   
common ) ! int]e/s ( ! _w1 & accord+ to 
,t]tullian has no o!r bus9ess b to get  
out ( x z quietly z possible4  ,let u   
he>k5 to ,esebius ( ,caes>ea1 & we %all 
abundantly discov] ! tru? ( :at has be5 
said4  ,! mann] ( life1 7says he17 ( !  
,*ri/ian *ur*1 surpasses our pres5t     
nature1 & ! common life ( m54 ,x seeks  
nei!r m>riage1 nor *ildr51 nor ri*es4 ,9
 f9e1 x is entirely a /rang] to human   
modes ( liv+4 ,x is entirely absorb$ 9  
an insatiable love ( heav5ly ?+s4 ,^? :o
 foll[ ?is c\rse ( life1 h only _!      

bodies ^u e>?1 _! :ole s\ls are 9 heav51
 & !y already dwell among pure &        
cele/ial intellig5ces1 & !y despise !   
mann] ( life ( o!r m5 ,demon/rat4       
,evang4 vol4 ii4 p4#bi4  ,inde$ a man   
firmly p]suad$ ( ! tru? (2 ,*ri/ianity  
_c atta* himself to any ?+ "h bel[4 ,e  
?+ "h is an occasion ( /umbl+1 a rock ( 
(f5ce4 ,e ?+ "h1 div]ts him f ?9k+ ( 8  
salvation4 ,if ,*ri/ians 9 g5]al1       
happily1 = society1 7 n inconsi/5t1 &   
did n neglect ! peculi> precepts ( _!   
religion1 no l>ge society ( !m c\ld     
exi/2 & ! nations enlight5$ by ! gospel 
w\ld turn h]mits1 & nuns4 ,all bus9ess1 
b fa/+ & pray]1 w\ld be at an end4 ,!re 
w\ld be no?+ b groan+ 9 ?is vale ( te>s2
 & !y w\ld make !mselves1 & o!rs1 z     
mis]able z possible1 f ! be/ ( motives1 
viz2 ! desire to fulfill :at !y mi/ak5ly
 conceiv$ to be ! w ( ,god4  ,is ?is a  
picture tak5 f ! life1 or is x a        
fanciful repres5tation ( some?+ diff]5t 
f ! peculi> morality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t8 
,?is s]i\s "q dem&s a s]i\s answ]4 ,if x

 be su* z x is repres5t$ above & su* x  
really appe>s to me1 & su* ,i h         
un=tunately exp]i5c$ its op]ation to be 
on my own m9d--,i w\ld respectfully     
ask--c su* a religion1 ^: peculi>       
pr9ciples t5d to r5d] m5 hateful1 & hat+
 "o ano!r3 :i* has (t5 r5d]$ sov]eigns1 
p]secutors1 & subjects1 ei!r rebels1 or 
slaves3 a religion1 ^: peculi> moral    
pr9ciples & maxims1 tea* ! m9d to       
grovel1 & humble1 & break d[n ! en]gies 
( man2 & :i* div]t him f ?9k+ ( 8 true  
int]e/s1 & ! true happ9ess ( himself & 8
 fell[ m54 ,c su* a religion1 ,i w\ld   
respectfully ask1 be f ,god1 s9ce :]e   
fully obey$1 x w\ld prove utt]ly        
de/ructive to society8    ,,*apt] ,,xix4
  ,a ,,consid]ation ,,( ,,"s ,,suppos$  
,,advantages ,,attribut$ ,,to ,,! ,,new1
 ,,ov] ,,! ,,old1 ,,te/am5t2 ,,& ,,:e!r 
,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,a ,,resurrection1 ,,&
 ,a ,,life ,,to ,,come1 ,,is ,,n        
,,taught ,,9 ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t2 ,,9   
,,contradiction ,,to ,,! ,,ass]tion1 ,,t
 ,,life ,,& ,,immortality ,,7 ,,br\ght  

,,to ,,light ,,by ,,! ,,gospel4  ,f !   
prec$+ *apt]s1 y may judge1 read]1 ( !  
ju/ice & tru? ( ! op9ion1 t ! yoke (    
,*ri/ian morality is easy1 & its bur!n  
light2 & also ( ! v]acity & fairness ( t
 con/ant ass]tion ( div9es1 t ,jesus    
came to remove ! heavy yoke ( ! ,mosaic 
,law1 & to sub/itute 9 its room "o (    
easi] obs]vance4--,:e!r ?is1 _!         
ass]tion1 be n ra%1 & ill f\nd$1 ,i w   
*e]fully leave to be decid$ by any cool 
& ?9k+ man1 :o kn[s human nature1 & is  
acqua9t$ ) ! human he>t4 ,i say1 ,i w\ld
 *e]fully leave x to su* a man1 :e!r !  
,mosaic ,law1 ) all its num]\s rites1 & 
c]emonial obs]vances1 nay1 ) all !      
7ridicul\s7 traditions ( ! ,eld]s1      
sup]add$1 w\ld n be mu* m be>able to    
human nature1 & mu* easi] to be obs]v$ &
 obey$1 ?an su* precepts z ^!1 ,sell all
 ?\ ha/1 & give x to ! poor4 ,if a man  
ask ?y cloak1 give him ?y coat also4    
,resi/ n ! injuri\s p]son1 b if a man   
smite !e on "o *eek1 turn to him ! o!r  
also4 ,extirpate & de/roy all c>nal     

affection1 & love no?+1 b religion4     
,take no ?\ght = to-morr[2--,i am       
confid5t t ! decision w\ld be giv5 9 my 
fav\r2 & h no d\bt1 t ) ?9k+ m51 !      
contr>y op9ion w\ld be in/antly reject$ 
) ! contempt x m]its4  ,:e!r ! ,mosaic  
,code be ! be/ possible1 or really      
div9e1 is ( no consequ5ce 9 ?is inquiry1
 & is ) me ano!r "q f t ( its inf]iority
 to t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,i d by no     
means ass]t ! =m]2 b h no hesitation to 
give my op9ion1 aft] a pretty ?or\gh    
exam9ation ( ! subject1 t ! reflections 
( ,paul1 & ^? usually ?r[n out aga9/ !  
,mosaic ,code by ,!ologians1 :5 comp>+ x
 ) t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 ord] to       
deprecate ! =m]1 appe> to me extremely  
p>tial & unju/2 & s f> f true1 t ,i ?9k1
 t ! anci5t law has ! advantage ov] !   
precepts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 be+1 at   
lea/1 practicable & consi/5t499  ,ano!r 
unf\nd$ reproa* :i* ,!ologians1 9 ord]  
to magnify ! importance ( ! ,new        
,te/am5t1 ca/ ^u ! ,old1 is ?is3 ,!y    
say1 t ! ,old ,te/am5t repres5ts ,god   

only z ! tutel>y ,deity ( ! ,israelites1
 & z n s mu* conc]n$ = ! re/ ( mank9d4  
,to %[ t ?is is a v mi/ak5 notion1 & to 
manife/ t ! ,et]nal ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is
 repres5t$ !re91 n z ! ,god ( ! ,jews   
only1 b also ( ! ,g5tiles1 ,i ref] to ^!
 words3--,! ,"l ?y ,god is ,god ( gods1 
& ,"l ( lords1 a great ,god1 a mighty & 
a t]rible2 :o reg>de? n p]sons1 nor     
take? rew>d4 ,he do? execute ! judgm5t (
 ! fa!rless1 & wid[1 & love? ! /rang]1 9
 giv+ him food & raim5t4 ,love ye1      
!re=e1 ! /rang]4 ,?\ %alt nei!r vex a   
/rang]1 nor oppress him1 = ye "k ! he>t 
( a /rang]1 see+ ye 7 /rang]s 9 ! l& (  
,egypt4 ,he> ! causes betwe5 y\r bre?r51
 & judge righte\sly betwe5 a man & 8    
bro!r1 & ! /rang] t is ) him4 ,"o law   
%all be to him t is home born1 & to !   
/rang] t soj\rne? among y4 ,! /rang] t  
dwelle? ) y %all be z "o born among y1 &
 ?\ %alt love him z ?yself4 ,i am ! ,"l 
y\r ,god4  ,inde$1 s little tru? is !re 
9 ! notion1 t ! law & religion ( ! ,old 
,te/am5t 7 e/abli%$ ) ! int5tion (      

conf9+ !m to "o p1 exclusive ( all o!rs1
 t ! ,old ,te/am5t c]ta9ly repres5ts !m 
9 su* mann]1 z %[s1 t !y 7 int5d$ to be 
z unconf9$ z ! ,*ri/ian1 or ,mahometan2 
its religion1 9 fact1 admitt$ e "o :o   
w\ld receive x4 ,& :at is m1 x c be     
prov$ t ! ,old ,te/am5t disp5sation     
claims1 z appe>s f itself1 to h be5 giv5
 = ! common advantage ( all mank9d4 ,& x
 is ass]t$ 9 x1 7:e!r truly or n1 is n !
 "q2 x is suffici5t = my purpose1 t x   
ass]ts x71 t ! religion conta9$ 9 x1 w  
"o day be ! religion ( all mank9d4 ,= x 
decl>es t ,j]usalem w be ! c5tre (      
wor%ip = all nations1 & ! temple !re1 be
 ! h\se ( pray] = all nations2 t !      
,et]nal w be ! only ,god wor%ipp$2 & 8  
laws ! only laws obey$4 ,x repres5ts    
,abraham & 8 po/]ity z m]ely ! in/rum5ts
 ( ! ,et]nal to br+ ab\t ^! ends2 x is  
repeat$ly decl>$ !re91 t ! reason (     
,gods disp5sations t[>ds !m 01 t all !  
e>? might "k t ! ,et]nal is ,god1 & t   
!re is no o!r b ,him4 ,accord+ to its   
hi/ory1 :5 ,god ?reat5$ to de/roy !     

,israelites = _! p]v]s5ess 9 !          
wild]ness1 & (f]s ,moses1 int]c$+ = !m1 
to raise1 up 8 se$ to fulfil ! purposes 
= :i* he design$ ! po/]ity ( ,abraham2  
he tells ,moses t 8 purpose %\ld n be   
fru/rat$ ?r\gh ! p]v]s5ess ( ! *os5     
in/rum5ts2 b1 7sai? ,he71 z surely z ,i 
live1 all ! e>? %all be fill$ ) ! glory 
( ! ,"l1 ,numb]s xiv4 #ba4 ,_m passages 
( simil> import are conta9$ 9 ! ,psalms1
 & ! ,prophets4 ,9 fact1 !re is no tru? 
at all 9 ! /atem5t ( ! ,cate*isms1 t !  
,old ,te/am5t 0 m]ely prep>atory1 &     
int5d$ m]ely to prep>e ! way = a bett]  
cov5ant1 z ,paul says2 ev5 = ano!r      
religion1 7! ,*ri/ian7 :i* 0 to conv]t  
all nations2 =1 7if ! ,old ,te/am5t be  
suff]$ to tell its own /ory17 we %all   
f9d1 t x claims1 & *all5ges ! hon\r (   
beg9n+1 & complet+1 ?is magnific5t      
design solely to itself4 ,i 0 go+ to    
ov]:elm ! pati5ce ( ! read] ) quotations
 f x1 to ?is purpose2 b be+ will+ to    
sp>e him & myself1 ,i w only produce "o1
 :i*1 z x is direct & p]emptory to ?is  

effect1 is z good z a hundr$1 to        
demon/rate t ! ,old ,te/am5t at lea/    
claims :at ,i h said4 ,ze*4 viii4 #bj1  
,?us sai? ! ,et]nal ( ,ho/s3 ,x %all yet
 come to pass1 t !re %all come p1 & !   
inhabitants ( _m cities2 & ! inhabitants
 ( "o city %all g to ano!r1 say+3 ,let u
 g spe$ily to pray be=e ! ,et]nal1 & to 
seek ! ,et]nal ( ,ho/s3 ,i w g also4    
,yea1 _m p1 & /rong nations %all come to
 seek ! ,et]nal ( ,ho/s 9 ,j]usalem1 &  
to pray be=e ! ,et]nal4 ,?us sai? !     
,et]nal ( ,ho/s3 ,9 ^? days x %all come 
to pass1 t t5 m5 %all take hold out (   
all ! languages ( ! nations1 ev5 %all   
take hold ( ! skirt ( him t is a ,jew1  
say+1 we w g ) y4  ,be x s1 x may be    
said2--,/ill1 x is to ,*ri/ianity ! _w  
owes ! consol+ doctr9e ( a life to come4
 ,life & immortality 7 br\ght to light  
by ! ,gospel1 say ! ,*ri/ian div9es2 &  
!y ass]t1 t ! doctr9e ( a resurrection 0
 n kn[n to ,jew or ,g5tile1 till !y     
le>n$ x f ,jesus foll[]s4 ,! ,old       
,te/am5t1 7say !y17 taught ! ,jews no?+ 

( ! glori\s tru?s conc]n+ ! resurrection
 ( ! body1 & ! life ev]la/+1 _! begg>ly 
elem5ts conf9$ _! views to temporal     
happ9ess1 only4 ,^! ass]tions ,i %all   
prove f ! ,old ,te/am5t itself1 to be   
contr>y to fact2 = ! ,jews bo? knew1 & 7
 taught by _! ,bibles to expect a       
resurrection1 & believ$ x z firmly z any
 ,*ri/ian c1 or ev] did4 ,= pro( h]e(1  
,i %all1 9 ! fir/ place1 quote ! #cg?   
*apt] ( ,ezekiel1 & :i* is z foll[s1 ,! 
h& ( ! ,"l 0 ^u me1 & c>ri$ me out 9 !  
_s ( ! ,"l1 & set me d[n 9 ! mid/ ( !   
valley1 :i* 0 full ( bones4 ,& caus$ me 
to pass by !m r\nd ab\t1 & behold !re 7 
v _m 9 ! op5 valley1 & behold !y 7      
dry4--,& he said unto me4 ,son ( man1 c 
^! bones live8 & ,i answ]$1 ,o ,"l ,god1
 ?\ kn[e/4 ,aga9 he said unto me4       
,prophecy ^u ^! bones1 & say unto !m1 ,o
 ye dry bones1 he> ! ^w ( ! ,"l4 ,?us   
sai? ! ,"l ,god unto ^! bones1 behold ,i
 w cause brea? to ent] into y1 & ye %all
 live1 & ,i w lay s9ews ^u y1 & w br+ up
 fle% ^u y2 & cov] y ) sk91 & put brea? 

into y2 & ye %all live1 & "k t ,i am !  
,"l4 ,s ,i prophesi$ z ,i 0 comm&$1 &1 z
 ,i prophesi$1 !re 0 a noise1 & behold1 
a %ak+1 & ! bones came toge!r1 bone to 8
 bone4 ,& :5 ,i beheld1 lo1 ! s9ews & ! 
fle% came up ^u !m1 & ! sk9 cov]$ !m    
above2 b !re 0 no brea? 9 !m4 ,!n said  
he unto me4 ,prophecy son ( man1 & say  
unto ! w9d1 ?us sai? ! ,"l ,god1 come f 
! f\r w9ds1 ,o brea?6 & brea! ^u ^!     
sla91 t !y may live4 ,s ,i prophesi$ z  
he comm&$ me1 & ! brea? came into !m1 & 
!y liv$1 & /ood up aga9 ^u _! feet1 an  
exce$+ great army4  ,a pla9]            
resurrection ?an ?is is1 ,i ?9k nev] 0  
prea*$ ei!r by ,jesus or 8 foll[]s4     
,aga91 ,daniel ! prophet says1 ,_m ( !m 
t sleep 9 ! du/ ( ! e>? %all awake1 "s  
to ev]la/+ life1 & "s to %ame & ev]la/+ 
contempt1 ,daniel xii4 #b4 ,n[ ,ezekiel 
liv$ almo/ six hundr$ ye>s be=e ,jesus1 
& ,daniel 0 contempor>y ) ! =m]2 & is x 
n a little surpris+1 t ! ,jews %\ld     
le>n1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! doctr9e ( a        
resurrection ( ! foll[]s ( ,jesus ,*ri/1

 :5 !y knew ( ! resurrection almo/ six  
hundr$ ye>s be=e he 0 born8 ,isaiah     
also1 7:o liv$ be=e ei!r ,ezekiel or    
,daniel71 9 ! #bf? *apt] ( 8 prophesies1
 7excit+ ! ,jews to h confid5ce 9 ,god1 
& n to despair on acc\nt ( _! captivity1
 & ! tr\bles & afflictions :i* !y %\ld  
suff] !re971 =etells to !m t dea? w\ld n
 deprive !m ( ! rew>d ( _! piety &      
virtue2 = ,god w\ld raise !m f ! dead1 &
 make !m happy4 ,?y dead m5 %all live1  
my dead bodies 7i4 e41 ! bodies ( ,gods 
s]vants7 !y %all arise4 ,awake6 & s+6 ye
 t dwell 9 ! du/1 = ?y dew is z ! dew ( 
h]bs1 ,! mean+ ( ! la/ clause is--t1 z !
 grass1 :i* 9 ,ori5tal c\ntries becomes 
br[n & %rivell$ by ! heat ( ! sun2 f !  
effects ( ! dew x *anges & spr+s up1 z x
 71 9 a mom5t1 gre5 & fre% & beautiful2 
s1 by ! in/antane\s influ5ce ( ! ^w (   
,god1 ! dry & decay$ rema9s ( mortality 
%all become bloom+ ) immortal fre%ness &
 beauty4 ,see also ,hosea xiii4 #ad4 ,i 
might easily multiply passages f ! ,old 
,te/am5t1 to prove t ! doctr9e ( a      

resurrection 0 famili> to ! anci5t      
,israelites1 b ,i suppose t :at ,i h    
already produc$1 is suffici5t4 ,^?1     
h[ev]1 :o wi% to see ! subject m        
?or\ghly exam9$1 are ref]r$ to ,greaves 
,lectures on ! ,p5tateu*1 a "w lately   
publi%$ 9 ,europe1 highly hon\rable to !
 au?or4 ,see also a ,tract ^u ?is       
subject1 publi%$ by ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 9   
#ahja4  ,i %all only add "o obs]vation m
 on ?is subject1 viz41 t x is v s+ul> t 
,*ri/ian div9es %\ld ass]t1 t life &    
immortality 7 fir/ br\ght to light by ! 
,gospel1 :5 ! ,new ,te/am5t itself      
repres5ts ! resurrection ( ! dead z be+ 
p]fectly well kn[n to ! ,jews1 &        
describes ,jesus himself z prov+ x to ! 
,sadducees out ( ! ,old ,te/am5t666     
,,conclusion4  ,i h n[ f9i%$ my "w1 :i* 
,i h writt5 9 ord] to exculpate myself1 
& to d ju/ice to o!rs2 & hav+ re-exam9$ 
e l9k ( ! *a9 ( my argum5t1 ,i ?9k x    
amply /rong to support ! conclusions    
atta*$ to x4 ,?\gh !re might h be5 drawn
 f ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 _m          

additional argum5ts corroborative ( :at 
has be5 said1 yet1 at pres5t1 ,i %all   
add no m2 z ,i ?9k t :at has be5 br\ght 
=w>d has j claims to be consid]$ by !   
imp>tial z q suffici5t to prove ^! two  
po9ts--t ! ,new ,te/am5t c nei!r subsi/ 
) ! ,old ,te/am5t1 nor )\t x2 & t ! ,new
 ,te/am5t sy/em 0 built fir/ ^u a       
mi/ake1 & aft]w>ds buttress$ up ) =g$ & 
apocryphal docum5ts4  ,let ! c&id n[    
judge1 :e!r ! au?or1 kn[+ ^! ?+s1 or1 at
 lea/ p]suad$ ( _! tru?1 c\ld h p]si/$ 9
 affirm+1 79 a place :]e s9c]ity is     
expect$71 9 ! "n ( ! ,almighty1 t !     
claims ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 valid1 )\t   
be+ a hypocrite1 & an impo/or4  ,let !m 
also consid]1 :e!r1 aft] be+ unable to  
obta9 a satisfactory refutation ( !     
objections conta9$ 9 ?is volume1 8      
resign+ a pr(ession ^: duties oblig$ him
 to say :at he 0 conv9c$ 0 false1 0     
conduct to be repreh5d$4 ,& la/ly1 he   
appeals to ! good s5se ( ! public1 = a  
decision1 :e!r1 ) su* objections &      
difficulties weigh+ ^u 8 m9d1 z he has  

n[ expos$1 8 conduct 9 t respect c      
reasonably be attribut$ to ! unmanly    
influ5ce ( caprice & fickle-ness1 7z has
 be5 circulat$ by "s :o _h an int]e/ 9  
mak+ x believ$27 or to ! j influ5ce (   
motives des]v+ a bett] "n4  ,) reg>d to 
! un=tunate p ^: argum5ts h be5 br\ght  
=w>d 9 ?is volume1 we h1 read]1 n[ gone 
ov]1 & di/9ctly felt1 ! :ole gr\nd ( !  
controv]sy betwe5 !m & _! p]secutors1   
m5tion$ 9 ! ,preface4 ,& z !y make use (
 ! ,old ,te/am5t z a f\ndation1 admitt$1
 & necess>ily admitt$ by ,*ri/ians1 to  
be ( div9e au?ority1 & are surr\nd$ by !
 bulw>ks !y h rais$ out ( ! demoli%$    
entr5*m5ts ( _! adv]s>ies1 ,i d n see b 
t _! ca/les /r5g? may laugh a siege to  
scorn4 ,& aft] review+1 & revolv+1 ov] &
 ov] 9 my own m9d ! argum5ts on bo?     
sides1 ,i am oblig$ to believe1 t !     
/\te/ ,polemical ,golia? :o may v5ture  
to attack x1 especially _! /rong        
hold--_! argum5ts ab\t ! ,messiah%ip1 w 
f9d to 8 co/1 t :5 8 weak po9t is b     
kn[n1 ! mightie/ ,a*illes mu/ fall be=e 

! feeble/ ,p>is1 ^: arr[ is--aim$ at 8  
heel4  ,! au?or hopes1 & ?9ks he has a  
"r to expect1 t :oev] may attempt to    
answ] 8 book1 w d x fairly1 l a man (   
c&\r2 )\t try+ to evade ! ma9 "q--t ( ! 
,messiah%ip ( ,jesus4 ,he fe>s1 t he    
%all see an answ] precisely resembl+ !  
_m o!rs he has se5 ^u t subject4 ,except
 two--^? ( ,sukes1 & ,jeffries4 7:o     
ackn[l$ge t miracles h no?+ to d ) ! "q 
( ! ,messiah%ip1 :i* c be decid$ by !   
,old ,te/am5t only27-- all t he has ev] 
met )1 evade ?is "q1 & slide ov] to !   
gr\nd ( miracles4 ,su* conduct 9 an     
answ]] ( ?is book w\ld be v unfair1 &   
also v absurd4 ,= ! case is precisely   
resembl+ ! foll[+--,a fa!r in=ms by     
lett] 8 son 9 a =eign c\ntry1 t he is   
ab\t to s5d him a ,tutor1 :om he w "k by
 ! foll[+ m>ks2 ,he is le>n$ 9 !        
ma!matics1 & ! physical sci5ces2        
acqua9t$ ) ! le>n$ languages1 & an      
excell5t physician2 ( a d>k complexion2 
six feet high1 & ) a voice l\d1 &       
comm&+4 ,by & by1 a man comes to ! "y   

man1 pr(ess+ to be ?is tutor s5t to him 
by 8 fa!r4 ,on exam9+ ! man1 & comp>+   
him ) ! description 9 8 fa!rs lett]1 he 
f9ds him totally unlike ! p]son he _h   
be5 taught to expect4 ,in/ead ( be+     
acqua9t$ ) ! sci5ces1 !re9 m5tion$1 he  
kn[s no?+ ab\t !m2 in/ead ( be+ six feet
 high1 ( a d>k complexion1 & ) a voice  
l\d & comm&+1 he is a dim9utive creature
 ( five feet1 ( a light complexion1 ) a 
voice l a womans4  ,! "y man1 ) 8 fa!rs 
lett] 9 8 h&1 tells ! pret5d$ tutor1 t  
he c]ta9ly _c be ! p]son he has be5 told
 to expect4 ,! man p]si/s1 & appeals to 
c]ta9 wond]ful works he p]=ms 9 ord] to 
conv9ce ! "y man1 t he is acqua9t$ ) !  
sci5ces a=esaid1 & t he is also six feet
 high2 ( a d>k complexion2 & talks l an 
,emp]or6 ,! "y man replies4 ,fri5d1 y   
are ei!r an en?usia/1 a mad man1 or     
some?+ worse4 ,z to y\r  signs & wond]s1
 ,i h be5 w>n$ 9 my fa!rs lett] to pay  
no reg>d to any su* ?+s 9 ?is case4     
,besides1 y ought to be s5sible1 t y\r  
id5tity ) ! p]son ,i am taught by my    

fa!rs lett] to expect1 c be only det]m9$
 by comp>+ y ) ! description ( him giv5 
!re94 ,:e!r y\r wond]ful works are real 
miracles or n1 ,i nei!r "k1 nor c>e4 ,at
 any rate1 !y _c1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 be  
any ?+ to ! purpose 92 ?is case4 ,= y to
 pret5d1 t !y prove :at y (f] !m to     
prove1 is q absurd2 y might z well1 & z 
reasonably1 pret5d1 t !y c\ld prove     
,ari/otle to h be5 ,alex&]2 or !        
,me?odi/ ,george ,:itfield to be !      
,emp]or ,napoleon ,bonap>te6  ,to       
conclude1 if any p]son %\ld feel incl9$ 
to attempt to refute ?is book1 let him d
 x l a man2 )\t evad+ ! "q1 or          
equivocat+1 or cavil+ ab\t little ?+s4  
,let him consid] ! pr9cipal "q1 & ! ma9 
argum5ts on :i* he p]ceives t ! au?or   
relies1 & n pass ov] ^! sil5tly1 & hold 
up a few petty mi/akes & subsidi>y      
argum5ts z specim5s ( ! :ole book4 ,su* 
a mode ( def5ce w\ld be v dis5g5u\s1 & )
 a disc]n+ read]1 p]fectly futile &     
insuffici5t4 ,x w\ld be z if a man      
pro/rate1 & ble$+ "u a lion ^: tee? &   

claws 7 infix$ 9 8 ?roat1 %\ld te> a    
h&ful ( hairs out ( ! animals mane1 &   
hold !m up z pro(s ( victory4  ,9 f9e1  
let him1 be=e 8 und]tak+1 c>efully      
consid] ^! pung5t words ( ,bi%op        
,bev]idge1 ,opposite answ]s1 & d[nright 
argum5ts advantage a cause2 b :5 a      
disputant leaves _m ?+s unt\*$1 z if !y 
7 too hot = 8 f+]s2 & decl9es ! weight (
 o!r ?+s1 & alt]s ! true /ate ( ! "q3 x 
is a %rewd sign1 ei!r t he has n weigh$ 
?+s maturely1 or else 7:i* is m         
probable17 t he ma9ta9s a desp]ate      
cause4  ,,f9is4    ,,app5dix ,a4  ,z    
reasons = ?is ass]tion1 7t ! acc\nt ( ! 
resurrection giv5 by ! evangeli/s is no 
bett]1 nay1 worse1 ?an conjecture1 z x  
is a m]e =g]y ( ! second c5tury4--,vide 
page #hf7 take ! foll[+ facts1 :i* are  
n[ asc]ta9$1 & c be prov$3--#a4 ,sev]al 
sects ( ,*ri/ians 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 9 !  
apo/olic era1 d5i$ t ,jesus 0 crucifi$1 
z ! ,basildeans1 c4 ,! au?or ( ! epi/le 
ascrib$ to ,b>nabas1 ,i ?9k1 d5i$ x1 & !
 au?or ( ! gospel ( ,?omas c]ta9ly did4 

#b4 ,! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians1 ! disciples ( !
 twelve apo/les1 nev] receiv$1 b reject$
 e individual book ( ! pres5t ,new      
,te/am5t4 ,!y held 9 especial abom9ation
 ! writ+s ( ,paul1 :om !y call$ an      
apo/ate2 & !re is extant1 9  ,cotel]ius 
,patres ,apo/olici1 a lett] ascrib$ to  
,pet]1 writt5 to ,james at ,j]usalem    
:]e9 he compla9s bitt]ly ( ,paul1 /yl+  
him a lawless man1 & a crafty           
misrepres5t] ( him 7,pet]17 & 8 doctr9e1
 9 t ,paul repres5t$1 e :]e1 ,pet] z be+
 secretly ( ! same op9ions ) himself2   
aga9/ ?is he ent]s 8 prote/1 & decl>es t
 he reprobates ! doctr9e ( ,paul4 7,see 
,app5dix ,b47 #c4 ,x is c]ta91 t f !    
beg9n+1 ! ,*ri/ians 7 nev] agre$ z to   
po9ts ( fai?2 & t ! apo/les !mselves1 s 
f> f be+ consid]$ z inspir$1 &          
infallible1 7 frequ5tly contradict$1    
?w>t$1 & set at naught by _! own        
conv]ts3 & !re 7 z _m sects1 h]esies1 & 
qu>rels1 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 z 9 ! second  
or ?ird4 #d4 ,jesus & 8 apo/les 7 no    
soon] (f ! /age1 ?an =g]ies ( all k9ds  

broke 9 ) irresi/ible =ce3 ,gospels1    
,epi/les1 ,acts1 ,revelations )\t numb]1
 publi%$ 9 ! names1 & "u ! feign$       
au?ority1 ( ,jesus & 8 apo/les1 ab\nd$ 9
 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*2 & z "s ( ^! 7 z e>ly 9
 "t z any ( ! writ+s 9 ! pres5t canon ( 
! ,new ,te/am5t1 s !y 7 receiv$         
promiscu\sly ) !m1 & held 9 equal cr$it 
& v5]ation1 & read 9 ! public assemblies
 z ( equal au?ority ) ^? n[ receiv$4 #e4
 ,! v le>n$ & pi\s ,dodwell1 9 8        
,diss]tations on ,ira5eus av[s1 t he _c 
f9d 9 ecclesia/ical antiquities1 7:i* he
 und]/ood bett] ?an any man ( 8 age17   
any evid5ce at all1 t ! f\r ,gospels 7  
kn[n or he>d (1 be=e ! "t ( ,trajan1 &  
,adrian1 i4e4 be=e ! middle ( ! second  
c5tury1 i4 e4 ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s aft] !
 apo/les 7 dead4 7,see ,app5dix ,c47    
,long be=e ?is "t1 we "k t !re 7 extant 
numb]s ( spuri\s gospels1 =g$1 & ascrib$
 to ! apo/les2 & we h n ! lea/ evid5ce  
to be dep5d$ on1 t ^? n[ receiv$ 7 n    
also apocryphal4 ,= !y 7 writt5 nobody  
c]ta9ly kn[s by :om1 or :]e1 or :54 ,!y 

fir/ appe>$ 9 an age ( cr$ulity1 :5     
=g]ies ( ?is k9d ab\nd$ & 7 receiv$ )   
avidity by ^? ^: op9ions !y fav\r$1 :ile
 !y 7 reject$ z spuri\s by _m sects (   
,*ri/ians1 :o ass]t$ t !y 7 possess$ ( !
 g5u9e apo/les1 :i*1 h[ev]1 ^? :o       
receiv$ ! f\r1 d5i$4 #f4 ,all ! diff]5t 
sects ( ,*ri/ians1 )\t a kn[n exception1
 alt]$1 int]polat$1 & )\t scruple g>bl$1
 _! diff]5t copies ( _! v>i\s &         
discordant gospels1 9 ord] to adapt !m  
to _! j>r+ & :imsical philosophical     
notions1 ,celsus accuses !m ( ?is1 & !y 
accuse ea* o!r4 ,& t !y 7 cont9ually    
tamp]+ ) _! copies ( ! books ( ! ,new   
,te/am5t1 is evid5t f ! imm5se numb] (  
v>i\s read+s1 & f "s :ole phrases1 & ev5
 v]ses1 :i* = knavi% purposes 7 foi/$   
into ! text1 b h be5 detect$1 & expos$  
by ,griesba*1 & o!rs4 ,!y also =g$ c]ta9
 rhapsodies "u ! "n ( ,sybbil9e         
,oracles1 & !n adduce !m z prophetic    
pro(s ( ! tru? ( _! religion4 ,!y also  
int]polat$ c]ta9 clumsy =g]ies z        
prophecies ( ,jesus into _! copies ( _! 

,greek v]sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 #g4 ,! 
pres5t canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t has nev] 
be5 sanction$ by ! g5]al cons5t (       
,*ri/ians4 ,! ,syrian *ur* rejects "s ( 
its books2--"s ( its books 7 n admitt$  
until aft] long opposition1 & n until   
sev]al hundr$ ye>s aft] ,jesus4 ,! li/s 
( :at 7 consid]$ z canonical books1     
diff] 9 diff]5t ages1 & "s books n[     
ackn[l$g$ by all ,*ri/ians to be =g]ies1
 7 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies consid]$ z
 equally apo/olic z ^? n[ receiv$1 & z  
su*1 7 publicly read 9 ! *ur*es4 #h4 ,! 
reason :y we h n n[ extant gospels1     
diff]5t & contradictory to ^? n[        
receiv$1 is1 because t ! sect or p>ty   
:i* f9ally got ! bett] ( its adv]s>ies1 
& /yl$ itself ,ca?olic1 or or?odox1 took
 c>e to burn & de/roy ! h]etics1 & _!   
gospels ) !m4 ,!y likewise took c>e to  
hunt up & burn ! books ( ! pagan        
adv]s>ies ( ,*ri/ianity1 because !y 7   
%ock+ly (f5sive to pi\s e>s4 #i4 ,seml] 
consid]$ ! ,new ,te/am5t z a collection 
( pi\s frauds1 writt5 = pi\s purposes1 9

 ! latt] "p ( ! second c5tury1 7! v "t  
assign$ = _! fir/ appe>ance by          
,dodwell47 ,evanson adopts1 & gives good
 reasons = a simil> op9ion ) reg>d to   
mo/ ( ! books :i* g to compose x4       
,la/ly4 ,! reason :y ! ,new ,te/am5t    
canon has be5 s long respect$1 seems to 
h be5 purely ow+ to ! cr$ulity ( !      
ignorant1 & ! laz9ess1 indiff]5ce1 or   
fe>s ( ! le>n$4  ,d\glas1 9 8 fam\s     
,crit]ion1 gives u1 z infallible te/s1  
by :i* we may di/+ui% :5 writt5 acc\nts 
( miracles are fabul\s1 ! foll[+ m>ks3--
  #a4 ,we h reason to suspect 7he says7 
! acc\nts to be false1 :5 !y are n      
publi%$ to ! _w till aft] ! "t :5 !y are
 said to h be5 p]=m$4  #b4 ,we h reason 
to suspect !m to be false1 :5 !y are n  
publi%$ 9 ! place :]e x is pret5d$ !    
facts 7 wr\ght1 b are propagat$ only at 
a great di/ance f ! suppos$ sc5e (      
action4  #c4 ,suppos+ ! acc\nts to h !  
two =e-m5tion$ qualifications1 we /ill h
 reason to suspect !m to be false1 if 9 
! "t :51 & at ! place :]e1 !y took _!   

rise1 !y might be suff]$ to pass )\t    
exam9ation4  ,^! are ! m>ks he gives u z
 infallible te/s by :i* we may di/+ui% !
 acc\nts ( miracles 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t to
 be true2 & acc\nts ( miracles 9 o!r    
books 7?\gh support$ by m te/imony ?an !
 =m]17 to be false2 ) h[ mu* ju/ice1 may
 be evid5t f ! foll[+ obs]vations3--    
#a4 ,if we h reason to suspect ! acc\nts
 to be false1 :5 !y are n publi%$ to !  
_w till long aft] ! "t :5 !y are said to
 h be5 p]=m$1 !n we h reasons to suspect
 ! acc\nts giv5 9 ! f\r gospels2 = we h 
no pro( 9 ! _w1 t any ( !m 7 writt5 till
 ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ! suppos$    
writ]s ( !m 7 all dead4  #b4 ,if we h   
reason to suspect !m to be false1 :5 !y 
are n publi%$ 9 ! place :]e x is pret5d$
 ! facts 7 wr\ght1 b are propagat$ only 
at a great di/ance f ! suppos$ sc5e (   
action1 !n x is /ill fur!r evid5t t !   
acc\nts 9 "q are n true4 ,= !y 7        
app>5tly none ( !m publi%$ 9 ,judea1 !  
sc5e ( ! ev5ts record$ 9 !m4 ,b x is    
pretty cle> t !y 7 writt5 9 c\ntries at 

a di/ance f ,pale/9e4 ,& ! facts record$
 9 !m 7-no :]e s little believ$ z 9     
,judea1 among ! p 9 ^: sight !y are said
 to h be5 wr\ght1 :]e !y ought1 if true1
 to h met ) mo/ cr$it4 ,x is1 h[ev]1    
evid5t f ! hi/ories !mselves1 t ^!      
/ories 7 laugh$ at1 by ! le>n$ &        
intellig5t ( ! ,jewi% nation1 &         
disbeliev$ by ! great body ( ! p4 ,9    
tru? ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 m]ely "o hundr$ 
& tw5ty ,galilaeans1 :o ass]t$ to _!    
co-religioni/s1 t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 !  
eject$ ,messiah4 ,x 0 a m]e national    
qu>rel betwe5 ! great body ( ! ,jews1 & 
a few s*ismatics4 ,?is is evid5t f !    
,acts1 :]e we f9d t = sev]al ye>s !y    
conf9$ _! prea*+ to ,jews only4 ,till ! 
conv]sion ( ,cornelius1 !y d n appe> to 
h ?\ght ! ,g5tiles any way int]e/$ 9 _! 
dispute ) _! c\ntrym54 ,s t x is n      
improbable1 7z ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians dw9dl$
 v rapidly17 t _h x n be5 = ! ,g5tile   
proselytes to ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity w\ld
 h p]i%$ 9 its cradle4 ,^! p 7 v num]\s1
 & =m$ ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! ,jews & !

 ,g5tiles4 ,& x 0 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ^! p1 
t ,*ri/ianity became kn[n to ! hea!ns4  
,= we f9d t aft] ! apo/les c\ld make    
no?+ ( ! /ubborn ,jews !y %ook _!       
g>m5ts1 & told !m t f h5ce=? we g to !  
,g5tiles4--,accord+ly1 :5 ! apo/les     
prea*$ 9 ! synagogues1 & ! ,jews        
contradict$1 & blasphem$1 & made fun (  
_! mode ( prov+ f ! prophets1 t ,jesus 0
 ! ,*ri/2 yet ! proselytes & dev\t wom5 
li/5$1 & believ$4  #c4 ,if suppos+ !    
acc\nts to h ! two =ego+ qualifications1
 we /ill may suspect !m to be false2 if1
 9 ! "t :51 & 9 ! place :]e1 !y took _! 
rise1 !y might be suff]$ to pass )\t    
exam9ation1 we h /ill less reason to    
believe ! gospels4 ,= "o reason :y !y   
might be suff]$ to pass )\t exam9ation  
is1 :]e ! miracles propos$ co9cid$ ) !  
notions & sup]/iti\s prejudices ( ^? :om
 !y 7 report$1 & :o1 on t acc\nt1 might 
be prone to receive !m unexam9$4 ,n[1 we
 h docum5ts 9 pl5ty1 :i* abundantly     
prove1 along ) ! virtues1 ! extreme     
cr$ulity & simplicity ( ! ,primitive    

,*ri/ians1 ^: maxim 01 believe1 b d n   
exam9e1 & ?y fai? %all save !e4 ,ano!r v
 good reason :y !y might be suff]$ to   
pass )\t1 exam9ation is1 t ! miracles ( 
! gospels 7 entirely unkn[n to1 or at   
lea/ ackn[l$g$ by1 any hea!n or ,jew ( !
 age 9 :i* !y are record$ to h happ5$4  
,nobody seems to h kn[n a syllable ab\t 
!m b ! apo/les & _! conv]ts4 ,ev5 !     
books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 n g5]ally kn[n
 to ! hea!ns until "s hundr$ ye>s aft] !
 bir? ( ,jesus2 & x seems f ! few       
fragm5ts ( _! works come d[n to u1 t !  
only notice !y did take ( !m1 0 to      
accuse !m ( tell+ lies & old wives      
fables4 ,& z = ! ,jews1 ! orig9 & e>ly  
propagation ( ,*ri/ianity 0 s v obscure1
 t ^? :o liv$ ne>e/ ! times ( ! apo/les1
 d n seem to h kn[n any ?+ ab\t !m1 or  
_! doctr9es4  ,?\gh a little out (      
place1 yet ,i w "h adduce a fact :i*    
illu/rates & exemplifies ! p[] (        
en?usiasm1 to make p believe !y saw :at 
!y did n see4 ,lucian gives an acc\nt ( 
"o ,p]egr9us1 a philosophi/ v fam\s 9 8 

"t1 :o _h a great numb] ( disciples4 ,he
 end$ 8 life by ?r[+ himself1 9 !       
pres5ce ( assembl$ ?\s&s1 into a burn+  
pile4 ,yet su* 0 ! en?usia/ic v5]ation (
 8 foll[]s1 t "s ( 8 disciples did      
solemnly av]1 t !y _h se5 him aft] 8    
dea?1 clo!d 9 :ite1 & cr[n$2 & !y 7     
believ$1 insomu* t alt>s & /atues 7     
erect$ to ,p]egr9us z to a demi-god4    
,see ,lucians acc\nt4    ,,app5dix ,b4  
,see ,cotel]ius ,patres ,apo/olic1 ,tom4
 #a1 p4 #fjb4 ,extract ( a lett] f ,pet]
 to ,james1 prefix$ to ! ,clem5t9es4    
,=1 if ?is be n done1 7says ,pet]1 aft] 
entreat+ ,james n to communicate 8      
prea*+s to any ,g5tile )\t previ\s      
exam9ation17 our spee* ( tru? w be      
divid$ into _m op9ions1 nor d ,i "k ?is 
?+ z be+ a prophet1 b z see+ ev5 n[ !   
beg9n+ ( ?is evil4 ,= "s f among !      
,g5tiles h reject$ my legal prea*+1     
embrac+ ! trifl+1 & lawless doctr9e ( a 
man :o is an enemy2 & ^! ?+s1 "s h      
endeav\r$ to d n[ 9 my own lifetime1    
trans=m+ my words by v>i\s              

int]pretations1 to ! de/ruction ( !     
,laws3 z if ,i _h be5 ( ! same m9d1 b   
d>$ n op5ly pr(ess x1 7see ,galatians   
ii4 #aa1 #ab1 c417 :i* be f> f me6 ,=   
?is 7 to act aga9/ ! law ( ,god1 spok5  
by ,moses1 & :i* has ! te/imony ( our   
,"l = its p]petual duration2 s9ce he ?us
 has said1 ,heav5 & e>? %all pass away1 
yet "o jot1 or "o tittle1 %all n pass f 
! law4 ,b ^!1 ,i "k n h[1 promis+ to    
deliv] my op9ion1 7see ,galatians z     
above7 take ^u !m to expla9 ! words !y  
he>d f me1 bett] ?an ,i t spoke !m2     
tell+ _! disciples1 my s5se 0 t ( :i* ,i
 _h n s mu* z ?\ght4 ,n[1 if 9 my own   
life "t1 !y d>e feign su* ?+s1 h[ mu* m 
w ^? t come aft]1 d ! same4    ,,app5dix
 ,c4  ,extract f ,dodwells ,diss]tations
 on ,ir5aeus1 ,diss4 #a1 p4p4 #ch1 #ci4 
,! ,canonical writ+s 7i4 e4 ( ! ,new    
,te/am5t71 lay conceal$ 9 ! c(f]s (     
private *ur*es1 or p]sons1 till ! latt] 
times ( ,trajan1 or r p]haps ( ,adrian2 
s t !y c\ld n come to ! k ( ! *ur*4 ,=  
if !y _h be5 publi%$1 !y w\ld h be5     

ov]:elm$ "u su* a multitude z 7 !n (    
apocryphal & suppositi\s books1 t a new 
exam9ation & a new te/imony w\ld be     
necess>y to di/+ui% !m f ^! false ones4 
,& x is f ?is new te/imony 7:]eby !     
g5u9e writ+s ( ! apo/les 7 di/+ui%$ f ! 
spuri\s pieces :i* w5t "u _! names17 t  
dep5ds all ! au?ority :i* ! truly       
apo/olic writ+s h =m]ly obta9$1 or :i*  
!y h at pres5t 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,b   
?is fre% atte/ation ( ! canon is subject
 to ! same inconv5i5ces ) ^? traditions 
( ! anci5t p]sons t ,i def5d1 & :om     
,ir5aeus bo? he>d & saw2 = x is equally 
di/ant f ! orig9al1 & c\ld n be made    
except by su* only z _h rea*$ ^? remote 
times4 ,b x is v c]ta9 t be=e ! p]iod ,i
 m5tion$ ( ,trajans "t1 ! canon ( !     
sacr$ books1 0 n yet fix$1 nor any c]ta9
 numb] ( books receiv$ 9 ! ,ca?olic     
,*ur*1 ^: au?ority mu/ ev] aft] s]ve to 
det]m9e matt]s ( fai?2 nei!r 7 ! spuri\s
 pieces ( h]etics yet reject$1 nor 7 !  
fai?ful admoni%$ to bew>e ( !m = !      
future4 ,likewise1 ! true writ+s ( !    

apo/les us$ to be s b\nd up 9 "o volume 
) ! apocryphal1 t x 0 n manife/ by any  
m>k ( public c5sure :i* ( !m %\ld be    
pref]r$ to ! o!r4 ,we h at ?is day1     
c]ta9 au!ntic writ+s ( ecclesia/ical    
au?ors ( ^? times1 z ,clem5s ,romanus1  
,b>nabas1 ,h]mas1 ,ignatius1 & ,polyc>p1
 :o wrote 9 ! same ord] :]e9 ,i h nam$  
!m1 & aft] all ! o!r writ]s ( ! ,new    
,te/am5t1 except ,jude1 & ! two ,johns4 
,b 9 ,h]mas y %all n meet ) "o passage1 
or any m5tion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 nor 9  
all ! re/ is any "o ( ! evangeli/s call$
 by 8 own "n4 ,& if sometimes !y cite   
any passages l ^? we read 9 our gospels2
 yet1 y w f9d !m s mu* *ang$1 & = ! mo/ 
"p s int]polat$1 t x _c be kn[n1 :e!r !y
 produc$ !m out ( ours1 or "s apocryphal
 gospels2 nay1 !y sometimes cite        
passages :i* x is mo/ c]ta9 are n 9 !   
pres5t gospels4 ,f h5ce1 !re=e1 x is    
evid5t t no diff]5ce 0 yet put betwe5 ! 
apocryphal & canonical books ( ! ,new   
,te/am5t1 especially if x be consid]$1 t
 !y pass no c5sure on ! apocryphal1 nor 

leave any m>k :]eby ! read] might disc]n
 :e!r !y attribut$ less au?ority to !   
spuri\s ?an to ! g5u9e gospels2 f :5ce x
 may reasonably be suspect$1 t if !y    
cite sometimes any passages con=mable to
 ours1 x 0 n done ?r\gh any c]ta9       
design1 z if dubi\s ?+s 7 to be confirm$
 only by ! canonical books1 s z x is v  
possible t bo? ^? & ! l passages may h  
be5 borr[$ f o!r gospels besides ^! we  
n[ h4 ,b :at ne$ ,i m5tion books t are n
 canonical1 :5 inde$ x does n appe> f ^?
 ( our canonical books :i* 7 la/ writt51
 t ! *ur* knew any ?+ ( ! gospels1 or t 
! cl]gy made a common use ( !m4 ,!      
writ]s ( ^! times d n *equ] _! works )  
texts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* yet is !   
cu/om ( ! mod]ns1 & 0 also !irs 9 su*   
books z !y ackn[l$ge = scripture2 = !y  
mo/ frequ5tly cite ! books ( ! ,old     
,te/am5t1 & w\ld1 d\btless1 h done s by 
^? ( ! ,new1 if !y _h !n be5 receiv$ z  
canonical4  ,s f> ,mr4 ,dodwell1 &      
7except+ ! g5u95ess ( ! writ+s (        
,b>nabas & ! re/1 = !y are inconte/ably 

anci5t17 x is c]ta9 t ! matt]s ( fact ) 
reg>d to ! ,new ,te/am5t are all true4  
,:oev] has an incl9ation to write on ?is
 subject1 is furni%$ f ?is passage ) a  
great _m curi\s disquisitions :]e9 to %[
 8 p5etration & 8 judgm5t1 z--h[ !      
imm$iate successors & disciples ( !     
apo/les c\ld s grossly conf\nd ! g5u9e  
writ+s ( _! ma/]s ) su* z 7 falsely     
attribut$ to !m2 or s9ce !y 7 9 ! d>k   
ab\t ^! matt]s s e>ly1 h[ come su* z    
foll[$ !m1 by a bett] light2 :y all ^?  
books :i* are cit$ by ! e>lie/ fa!rs ) !
 same respect z ^? n[ receiv$1 %\ld n be
 acc\nt$ equally au!ntic by !m2 & :at   
/ress %\ld be laid on ! te/imony ( ^?   
fa!rs1 :o n only contradict "o ano!r1 b 
are (t5 inconsi/5t ) !mselves1 9 relat+ 
! v same facts2 ) a great _m o!r        
difficulties1 :i* des]ve a cle> solution
 f any capable p]son4  ,i h said !      
anci5t h]etics ass]t$ t ! pres5t gospels
 7 =g]ies4 ,z an example ( ?is1 take !  
foll[+1 f ! works ( ,fau/us1 quot$ by   
,augu/9e1 contra ,fau/um ,lib4 #cb1 c4  

#b4 ,y ?9k1 7says ,fau/us to 8          
adv]s>ies17 t ( all ! books 9 ! _w !    
,te/am5t ( ! ,son only1 c\ld n be       
corrupt$2 t x alone conta9s no?+ :i*    
ought to be disall[$2 especially :5 x   
appe>s1 t x 0 n writt5 by ! apo/les1 b a
 long "t aft] !m1 by c]ta9 obscure      
p]sons1 :o1 le/ no cr$it %\ld be giv5 to
 ! /ories !y told ( :at !y c\ld n "k1   
did prefix1 to _! writ+s1 ! names ( !   
apo/les1 & p>tly ( ^? :o succe$$ !      
apo/les1 affirm+1 t :at !y wrote        
!mselves1 0 writt5 by ^!4 ,:]e9 !y seem 
to me to h be5 ! m he9\sly injuri\s to !
 disciples ( ,*ri/1 by attribut+ to !m  
:at !y wrote !mselves s dissonant &     
repugnant2 & t !y pret5d$ to write ^?   
gospels "u _! names1 :i* are s full (   
mi/akes1 ( contradictory relations &    
op9ions1 t !y are nei!r coh]5t )        
!mselves1 nor consi/5t ) "o ano!r4 ,:at 
is ?is1 !re=e1 b to ?r[ a calumny on    
good m51 & to fix ! accusation ( discord
 on ! unanim\s society ( ,*ri/s         
disciples4    ,,add5da4 ,!re is1 9 !    

,gospel ascrib$ to ,john1 a passage1    
quot$ z a prophecy1 :i*1 z x has be5    
look$ on z a pro( text1 ought to h be5  
m5tion$ 9 ! #g? *apt]4 ,x is ?is4 ,!    
evangeli/ 7,john xix4 #bc7 says1 ,!n !  
soldi]s1 :5 !y _h crucifi$ ,jesus1 took 
8 g>m5ts1 & made f\r p>ts1 to e soldi] a
 "p2 & also 8 coat--n[ ! coat 0 )\t     
seam1 wov5 f ! top ?r\gh\t4 ,!y said1   
!re=e1 among !mselves1  ,let u n r5d x1 
b ca/ lots = x2 t ! ,scripture might be 
fulfill$1 :i* sai?1 ,!y p>t$ my raim5t  
among !m & = my ve/ure !y did ca/ lots4 
,n[1 h[ev] plausible ?is prophesy may   
appe>1 x is "o ( ! mo/ impud5t          
applications ( passages f ! ,old        
,te/am5t t occurs 9 ! ,new4 ,x is tak5 f
 ! #ah? v]se ( ! #bb;d ,psalm1 :i*      
,psalm 0 probably made by ,david1 9     
ref]5ce to 8 humiliat+ & wret*$         
expulsion f ,j]usalem by 8 son ,absalom1
 & :at 0 done 9 consequ5ce1 viz41 t he 0
 hunt$ by f]oci\s enemies1 :om he       
comp>es to furi\s bulls1 & ro>+ lions1  
gap+ ^u him to dev\r him2 t 8 palace 0  

plund]$1 & t !y divid$ 8 treasur$       
g>m5ts1 79 ! ,ea/1 :]e ! fa%ions nev]   
*ange1 e great man has con/antly presses
 full ( hundr$s & ?\s&s ( g>m5ts1 _m (  
!m v co/ly3 !y are consid]$ z a valuable
 "p ( 8 ri*es71 & ca/ lots = 8 robes4   
,?is is ! real mean+ ( ?is passage quot$
 z a prophecy4 ,9 ! same ,psalm1 !re is 
ano!r v]se1 :i* has be5 f "t immemorial 
quot$ z a prophecy ( ! crucifixion1 7v4 
#af17 ,!y pi]c$ my h&s & my feet4 ,9 !  
orig9al1 !re seems to h be5 a ^w dropp$ 
import+ !y te>1 or some?+ l x1 = x is   
lit]ally1 ,l a lion--my h&s & my feet1 &
 !re is !re no ^w answ]+ to pi]c$4 ,!   
mean+1 h[ev]1 ( ! v]se is n difficult to
 be disc]n$1 dogs h compass$ me2 !      
assembly ( wick$ m5 h enclos$ me2 l a   
lion--7!y te>7 my h&s & my feet4 ,!     
mean+ may be discov]$ f ! context1 :]e  
,david repres5ts himself z 9 ! utmo/    
di/ress1 helpless1 & ab&on$ amid/ 8     
enemies1 rag+ l wild bea/s ar\nd him2   
!n1 by a /rong1 b /rik+ ,ori5tal figure1
 he repres5ts himself l a c>cass        

surr\nd$ by dogs1 :o are busi$ 9 te>+ ! 
fle% f 8 bones2 _! tee? fix$ 9 8 h&s &  
feet1 & pull+ him asund]4 ,?is is !     
import ( ! place1 & ?is int]pretation is
 at la/ adopt$1 = ! fir/ "t1 ,i believe1
 by ,*ri/ians1 9 ! new v]sion ( !       
,psalms us$ by ! ,unit>ian ,*ur* 9      
,london4  ,!re is n a m palpable in/ance
 ( ! facility ) :i* good natur$ &       
voraci\s piety is made to swall[ ! mo/  
flimsy argum5ts1 if only agreeable to   
its wi%es & wants1 ?an ! case "u        
consid]ation4 ,?is ,psalm1 conta9+ ^!   
passages1 !y p>t$ my raim5t among !m2 & 
!y pi]c$ my h&s & my feet1 is read1 & = 
ages has be5 read1 9 ! "n ( ,god1 to !  
good p ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 on e ,good   
,friday1 z und\bt$ly a prophesy ( !     
,crucifixion2 :5 yet ! le>n$ div9es ( ! 
,*ur* ( ,engl& 7& ( ^! x c boa/ a noble 
,catalogue inde$7 c]ta9ly "k1 & are     
consci\s t ! ,psalm1 :i* conta9s ^!     
passages1 has no m relation to ,jesus1  
?an x has to ,nebu*adnezz>4  ,a ref]5ce 
ought to h be5 subjo9$ at ! end ( ! #aj?

 *apt] to ! dialogue1 call$ ,philopatris
 9 ,lucians ,works1 = an acc\nt ( !     
cu/oms1 habits1 & p]sonal appe>ance ( ! 
e>ly ,*ri/ians1 corroborative ( :at is  
said 9 ! #ag? & #ah? *apt]s ( ?is "w4   
,le/1 h[ev]1 ,lucians te/imony 9 ?is    
matt] %\ld be object$ to1 because he 0 a
 satiri/1 &1 ( c\rse1 may h be5 guilty (
 giv+ an ov]*>g$ picture ( ! subjects ( 
8 ridicule1 ,i reque/ ! read] to p]use1 
if he c obta9 x1 ,lamis ,acc\nt ( !     
dome/ic habits & p]sonal appe>ance &    
practices ( ! primitive ,*ri/ians4 ,lami
 0 a v le>n$ & s9c]e ,*ri/ian1 & ( c\rse
 8 te/imony _c be object$ to1 & ! read] 
w f9d1 on a p]usal ( 8 "w1 t :at ,i h   
ass]t$ 9 ! #ag? & #ah? *apt]s is        
altoge!r true1 & n ! :ole tru? nei!r4   
,inde$1 t ! /atem5ts 9 ^? *apt]s1 z to !
 effects ( ! peculi> maxims ( ! ,new    
,te/am5t ^u ! he>t & und]/&+1 are       
sub/antially correct1 w1 ,i believe1 be 
discov]$ by ask+ any hone/ individual   
among ! ,me?odi/s1 :o is an en?usia/1 i4
 e s9c]e1 & ?or\gh-go+ 9 8 religion4 ,i 

h no d\bt t he or %e w av[1 )\t         
hesitation1 to ! enquir]1 & glory 9 x1 t
 *a/ity is m hon\rable ?an m>riage2 t   
fai? is e ?+2 t d\bt is damnable1 & a   
pro( ( an unreg5]at$ m9d2 t all ! goods 
& pleasures ( ?is _w are tra%2 t human  
in/itutions are m]e c>nal ord9ances2 & t
 human sci5ce & le>n+ is a sn>e to fai? 
& an abom9ation to a true disciple ( !  
cross4    ,publi%$ #aghe4  99 ,9 !      
pres5t day1 v>i\s-attempts1 insidi\s &  
p[]ful1 h be5 made1 ev5 "h1 to co]ce 9  
matt]s ( consci5ce1 & to ov]?r[ ^? wise 
b>ri]s to ! de/ructive effects (        
sect>ian fanaticism & intol]ance1 :i* ! 
great f\nd]s ( ! ,republic1 to _!       
ev]la/+ glory1 erect$4--,d4  99 ,d y "k 
7says ,r\sseau7 ( _m ,*ri/ians :o h tak5
 ! pa9s to exam9e1 ) c>e1 :at ! ,jews h 
to say aga9/ !m8 ,if "s p]sons h se5 any
 ?+ ( ! k9d1 x is 9 ! books ( ,*ri/ians1
 ,a f9e way1 truly1 to get in/ruct$ 9 ! 
argum5ts ( _! adv]s>ies6 ,b :at c !y d8 
,if any "o %\ld d>e to publi% among u1  
books1 9 :i* be op5ly fav\rs _! op9ions1

 we puni% ! au?or1 ! editor1 !          
booksell]4 ,?is policy is conv5i5t1 &   
sure always to be 9 ! "r4 ,!re is a     
pleasure 9 refut+ p :o d>e n op5 _!     
lips--7,emilius47 ,9 ! same "w he says t
 he w nev] be conv9c$ t ! ,jews h n     
some?+ /rong to say1 till !y %all be    
p]mitt$ to speak = !mselves )\t fe>1 &  
)\t re/ra9t4 ,x 0 ?is h9t ( ,r\sseau :i*
 fir/ excit$ ! au?or's curiosity ) reg>d
 to ! subject ( ?is book4--,e4  99 ,!re 
are a great _m p]sons :o conceive t     
,*ri/ianity is suffici5tly prov$ to be  
true1 if ! miracles ( ,jesus are true1  
ev5 )\t any reg>d to ! prophecies1 s (t5
 appeal$ to by him4 ,b suppos+ !        
miracles to be true2 yet no miracles c  
prove t :i* is false 9 itself to be     
true4 ,if !re=e ,jesus be n =etold z !  
,messiah 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 no miracles 
c prove ,jesus to be ! ,messiah =etold4 
,nay1 x w\ld be a /rong] argum5t to     
prove ,jesus to be a false pret5d]1 t he
 appeal$ to prophecies z relat+ to him1 
:5 9 fact !y _h no relation :atev] to   

him2 & by t means impos$ ^u ! ignorant  
p2 ?an x w\ld be t he came f ,god1 m]ely
 because he work$ miracles2 = ,false    
,*ri/s & false prophets may arise1 & may
 %[ su* great signs & wond]s z to       
deceive1 if x 7 possible1 ! v elect4    
,matt4 xxiv4 #bd4 ,yet no ,*ri/ian w\ld 
all[ x to be argu$ f !nce1 t ^? false   
,*ri/s 7 true ones3 nor w\ld any "o     
conclude2 t a man came f ,god1 7not)/&+ 
any miracle he might d7 if he appeal$ to
 ,scripture = t :i* is no :]e 9 x4 ,9   
f9e1 if miracles w\ld prove !           
,messiah%ip ( ,jesus1 s also !y w\ld    
prove ! ,messiah%ip ( ! false ,*ri/s1 & 
false prophets spok5 ( above4 ,nay m1 !y
 w\ld demon/rate ! ,div9e mission (     
,anti*ri/ himself2 :o1 accord+ to !     
epi/le to ! ,!ssalonians1 7#b ,!s4 *4   
ii4 #h1 #i1aj7 & ! ,revelations1 *4     
xiii4 #ac1 #ad1 0 to p]=m great signs & 
wond]s1 equal to any wr\ght by ,jesus1 =
 ! same ,greek words are us$ to express 
! wond]ful works or great signs & wond]s
 ( ,anti*ri/1 :i* are else:]e us$ to    

express ! miracles1 or great signs &    
wond]s ( ,jesus himself4  ,x is a /rik+ 
circum/ance1 t ! e>lie/ apologi/s =     
,*ri/ianity laid little /ress ^u !      
miracles ( its f\nd]4  ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 9 8
 ,apology1 is v %y ( appeal+ to !       
miracles ( ,jesus 9 confirmation ( 8    
pret5tions2 he lays no /ress ^u !m1 b   
relies entirely ^u ! prophecies he      
quotes z 9 8 favor4 ,j]ome1 9 8 comm5t  
on ! eighty-fir/ ,psalm1 assures u1 t ! 
p]=mance ( miracles 0 no extraord9>y ?+3
 & t x 0 no m ?an :at ,appollonius1 &   
,apulias1 & innum]able impo/ors _h done 
be=e4  ,lactantius saw s little =ce 9 ! 
miracles ( ,*ri/1 exclusive ( !         
prophecies1 t he does n hesitate to     
affirm _! utt] inability to support !   
,*ri/ian religion by !mselves4 ,lactan4 
,div4 ,in/4 ,l4 v4 c4 #c4  ,celsus1     
obs]v+ ^u ! words ( ,jesus1 t false     
prophets & false ,*ri/s %all arise1 & %[
 grant signs & wond]s1 sne]+ly obs]ves1 
,a f9e ?+ truly6 t miracles done by him 
%\ld prove him to be a ,god1 & :5 done  

by o!rs %\ld demon/rate !m to be false  
prophets & impo/ors4  ,t]tullian1 on !  
words ( ,jesus1 "h ref]r$ to by ,celsus1
 says z foll[s2  ,*ri/1 =etell+ t _m    
impo/]s %\ld come & p]=m _m wond]s1     
%ews1 t our fai? _c )\t great tem]ity be
 f\nd$ on miracles1 s9ce !y 7 s e>ly    
wr\ght1 by false ,*ri/ians !mselves4    
,t]tul4 9 ,m>c4 ,l4 ii4 c4 #c4  ,inde$1 
miracles 9 ! two fir/ c5turies 7 all[$ v
 little weight 9 prov+ doctr9es4 ,s9ce !
 ,*ri/ians did n d5y1 t ! hea!ns p]=m$  
miracles 9 behalf ( _! gods1 & t !      
h]etics p]=m$ !m z w z ! or?odox4 ,?is  
acc\nts = ! p]fect indiff]5ce ( ! hea!ns
 to ! miracles said to h be5 p]=m$ by ! 
f\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,hi]ocles speaks )
 great contempt ( :at he calls ! little 
tricks ( ,jesus1 ,& ,orig51 9 8 reply to
 ,celsus1 waves ! consid]ation ( !      
,*ri/ian miracles3 = 7says he7 ! v      
m5tion ( ^! ?+s sets y hea!ns ^u !4     
broad gr94 ,inde$1 t !y laugh$ v he>tily
 at :at 9 ! eighte5? c5tury is read ) a 
grave face1 is evid5t f ! few fragm5ts (

 _! works writt5 aga9/ ,*ri/ianity :i*  
has escap$ ! burn+ zeal ( ! fa!rs1 & !  
,*ri/ian emp]ors2 :o pi\sly s\ght =1 &  
burn$ up1 ^! mis*iev\s volumes to prev5t
 _! do+ mis*ief to po/]ity4 ,?is conduct
 ( !irs is v suspici\s4 ,:y burn writ+  
!y c\ld s triumphantly refute1 if !y 7  
refutable8 ,!y %\ld h rememb]$ ! j      
reflection ( ,arnobius1 _! own apologi/1
 aga9/ ! hea!ns1 :o 7 = aboli%+ at once 
su* writ+s z promot$                    
,*ri/ianity4--,int]cip]e scripta et     
publicatam velle subm]g]e lectionem1 non
 e/ ,deos def5d]e1 s$ v]itatis          
te/ificationem tim]e4,arnob4 contra     
,g5tes4 ,lib] ni4--,e4   99 ,be=e go+   
into ! consid]ation ( ! foll[+          
prophecies1 ! au?or w\ld w>n ! read] to 
be> 9 m9d1 t :e!r ^! prophecies ev] w be
 fulfill$1 is a "q ( no import 9 ! _w to
 ! "q "u consid]ation1 :i* is--:e!r !y h
 be5 fulfill$ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 9
 ! p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o is ass]t$ by
 ,*ri/ians to be ! p]son =etold 9 ^!    
prophecies1 & to h fulfill$ _!          

pr$ictions4 ,?is "q c be easily decid$1 
& only1 we ?9k1 by appeal+ to pa/       
hi/ory1 & to ! sc5es pass+ ar\nd u1 &   
comp>+ !m ) ^! pr$ictions4--,e4   99 ,! 
^w 9 ! orig9al be+ ,vayikra1 9 ! ,kal or
 ,active =m ( ! v]b1 & n ,vayik>e !     
,niphal or ,passive =m4--,d4    reprove 
or argue4--,d4   99 ,or1 9              
righte\sness4--,d4    ,mr4 ,engli% v    
prop]ly takes notice ( ! disjunctive    
acc5t 7,pasek7 occurr+ "h 9 ! text4--,d4
    ,= a m correct enum]ation ( ! ?irte5
 cabali/ic rules ( exposition1 ! ,engli%
 read] is ref]r$ to vol4 #a1 page #bji1 
( ! ,conciliator ( ,b4 ,m5asseh b5      
,israel1 translat$ by ,e1 ,h4 ,l9do1    
,esqr4--,d4    ,mr4 ,e4 01 d\btless1    
aw>e t ?is is an exposition giv5 by     
,jewi% ,comm5tators4--,d4   ,!re exi/s  
an ,engli% translation ( ?is "w by      
,abraham de ,sola4 --,d4   99 ,! p]son  
"h spok5 ( by ,isaiah is said to make 8 
grave ) ! wick$1 & be ) ! ri* 9 8 dea?4 
,:]eas ,jesus did exactly ! contr>y4 ,he
 0 ) ! wick$ 7i4 e41 ! two ?ieves7 9 8  

dea?1 & ) ! ri* 7i4e41 ,joseph (        
,arima!a7 9 8 grave1 or tomb4 ,9 !      
orig9al1 ! words may be translat$ t he  
%all av5ge1 or recomp5ce ^u ! wick$ 8   
grave1 & 8 dea? ^u ! ri*4 ,?us does !   
,t>gum & ! ,arabic v]sion int]pret !    
place1 & ,ezekiel ix4 #aj1 uses ! v]b 9 
! v]se 9 ,isaiah "u consid]ation        
translat$ 79 ,! ,engli% v]sion7--,he    
made1 c--9 ! same s5se1 giv5 to ?is     
place 9 ,isaiah1 by ! ,t>gum1 & !       
,arabic1 z said above4 ,see ! place 9   
,ezekiel1 :]e x is translat$--,i w      
recomp5ce _! way ^u _! head4 ,see also  
,deut4 xxi4 #h1 9 ! orig9al4 ,! ,syriac 
has x--,! wick$ contribut$ to 8 burial1 
& ! ri* to 8 dea?4 ,! ,arabic--,i w     
puni% ! wick$ = 8 burial1 & ! ri* = 8   
dea?4 ,! ,t>gum--,he %all s5d ! wick$   
into hell1 & ! ri* :o put him to a cruel
 dea?4--,e4   ,or1 %all de/roy4--,d4  99
 ,! rema9d] ( ?is *apt] is tak5 f ,levi 
& ,wag5seil4--,e4  99 ,! read] is       
reque/$ to consid] ! reason+ 9 ! la/    
p>agraph4 ,! prophecy 9 ! second *apt] (

 ,daniel1 is commonly suppos$ to relate 
to ! f\r ,great ,empires1 ! ,babylonian1
 ,p]sian1 ,grecian & ,roman4 ,?is la/1 x
 is 7accord+ to ?is int]pretation17     
=etold1 %\ld be divid$ into _m k+doms1 &
 t 9 ! latt] days ( ^! k+doms1 7:i* are 
n[ subsi/+7 ,god w\ld set up a k+dom :i*
 w\ld nev] be de/roy$1--t ( ! ,messiah4 
,( c\rse1 accord+ to ?is int]pretation1 
! k+dom ( ! ,messiah 0 n to be n only   
su/a9 aft] ! de/ruction ( ! ,roman      
,empire1 b n till ! latt] days ( !      
k+doms :i* grew up out ( its ru9s2      
:]eas1 ,jesus 0 born 9 ! "t ( ,augu/us1 
i4 e41 precisely :5 ! ,roman ,empire    
itself 0 9 ! highe/ ( its spl5d\r &     
vig\r4 ,?is is a rem>kable1 & v /rik+1  
repugnance1 to ! claims ( ! ,new        
,te/am5t1 &1 if sub/antiat$1 mu/ ov]set 
!m entirely4--,e4  99 ,! sum ( our      
argum5t may be express$ ?us4 ,god is    
repres5t$ 9 ! prophecies ( ! ,old       
,te/am5t z design+ to s5d into ! _w an  
em95t deliv]]1 desc5d$ f ,david1 ! peace
 & prosp]ity ( ^: reign %\ld f> exce$   

all t w5t be=e him1 9 :om all ! glori\s 
?+s =etold by ! prophets %\ld receive _!
 entire completion2 & :o %\ld be        
di/+ui%$ by ! "* ( ! ,messiah or ,*ri/4 
,?is is an article ( fai? common to     
,*ri/ians & ,jews4 ,b t ,jesus ( ,naz>e?
 %\ld be e/eem$ ?is ,messiah1 & t       
,*ri/ians c support t op9ion1 by all$g+ 
! prophecies ( ! ,hebrew scriptures z   
belong+ to1 & fulfill$ 91 him1 is :at we
 c by no means all[1 & t especially on  
acc\nt ( ^! inconsi/5cies4  #a4         
,because1 ^! prophecies1 ackn[l$g$ on   
bo? sides to po9t out ! ,messiah1 c\ld n
 o!rwise answ] ! end ( inspir+ !m ?an by
 an accompli%m5t s pla9 & s5sible z     
might suffici5tly di/+ui% ! p]son meant 
by !m to be t ,messiah4 ,b no su*       
accompli%m5t1 we cont5d1 c possibly be  
disc]n$ 9 ,jesus1 &1 consequ5tly1 he _c 
be ! p]son meant by !m4  #b4 ,because1  
sev]al pr$ictions :i* ,*ri/ians apply to
 ,jesus1 are wre/$ to a mean+ :i* q     
de/roys ! hi/orical s5se ( scripture1 & 
breaks ! connexion ( ! passages f :5ce  

!y are tak54 ,?us _m %r$s & loose       
s5t5ces are cull$ out = ?is purpose1 :i*
 d n appe> to h any relation to ,jesus1 
or to ! ,messiah ei!r2 b to h receiv$ _!
 prop] & int5d$ completion 9 "s o!r     
p]son1 :om ! prophet1 z is manife/1 _h  
!n only 9 view4  #c4 ,because1 9 _! =c$ 
applications ( ! prophecies1 ,*ri/ians1 
f9d+ !mselves h>d press$ by ! simple &  
natural con/ruction1 =sake ! lit]al1 &  
take %elt] 9 spiritual & my/ical s5ses2 
fly to hyp]boles & /ra9$ metaphors1 &   
?us exp\nd ! true mean+ & importance ( !
 prophecies q away2 ! int5t :]e( be+ to 
in/ruct m5 9 s necess>y a po9t ( fai? z 
t relat+ to ! ,messiah1 x is reasonable 
to ?9k !y w\ld be deliv]$ 9 ! mo/       
p]spicu\s & intelligible t]ms4 ,s9ce    
ambigu\s expressions 7capable ( su*     
/range mean+s z !y pret5d17 w\ld be too 
slipp]y a f\ndation to build su* a po9t 
( fai? ^u2 w\ld be ( no use1 or worse   
?an none2 w\ld be unable to tea* ! cle> 
tru?1 & apt to ensn>e m5 into dang]\s   
errors1 by leav+ too great a latitude = 

fanciful int]pretations1 & introduc+    
d>kness & confusion1 & contradiction    
inexplicable4  #d4 ,because1 admitt+ 7z 
inde$ x nev] 01 or c be d5i$7 t _m      
passages ( scripture1 & ( prophetical   
scripture especially1 mu/ be            
figuratively tak52 yet1 we mu/ always   
put a wide diff]5ce betwe5 a s5se n j z 
! words 9 _! fir/ signification import1 
& a s5se directly ! contr>y ( :at !y    
import4 ,& yet we compla9 t ?is latt] is
 ! s5se :i* ,*ri/ians lab\r to obtrude  
^u ! ga9say]s4 ,we say1 t a k+dom ( ?is 
_w1 & n ( ?is _w2 contempt & adoration2 
pov]ty & magnific5ce2 p]secution &      
peace2 suff]+s & triumph2 a cross & a   
?rone2 ! sc&al\s dea? ( a private man ^u
 a gibbet1 & ! ev]la/+ dom9ion ( a      
univ]sal mon>*1 mu/ be reconcil$1 & mean
 ! self same ?+1 be=e ! prophecies      
appeal$ to1 c d _! cause any s]vice4    
,grant+1 !n1 ! goodness ( ,god 7accord+ 
to !m17 to h be5 bett] ?an 8 ^w1 by giv+
 spiritual bless+s1 in/ead ( temporal2  
yet1 :at w become ( ! tru? ( ,god1 if   

,he act contr>y to 8 ^w1 ev5 :5 x w\ld  
be = our advantage1 if ,he misleads p by
 expressions1 :i*1 if !y mean any ?+ at 
all1 mu/ mean :at ! ,jews und]/& by !m8 
,9 %ort1 x seems to me1 t if ,provid5ce 
has1 9 tru?1 any conc]n ) ! pr$ictions (
 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 x c\ld n h tak5 m     
effectual c>e to ju/ify ! unbelief &    
ob/9acy ( ! ,jews1 ?an by ord]+ matt]s  
s1 t ! life & dea? ( ,jesus %\ld be s   
exactly1 & s entirely1 ! v rev]se ( all 
^? ideas "u :i* _! prophets _h con/antly
 describ$1 & ! ,hebrew nation z         
con/antly expect$ ( _! ,messiah1 & 8    
com+2 & to suppose t ! ,supreme ,be+    
meant to describe & po9t out su* a p]son
 z ,jesus by su* descriptions ( !       
,messiah z are conta9$ 9 ! ,old         
,te/am5t1 is c]ta9ly sub/antially to    
accuse him ( ! moat unju/ifiable        
prev>ication1 & mock]y ( 8 creatures4   
,9 ord] t ! subject we are exam9+1 & !  
argum5ts we make use (1 may be cle>ly   
und]/ood by ! read]1 he is reque/$ to   
be> 9 m9d1 t ! au?or reasons all along  

^u ! suppos$ ,div9e au?ority ( ! ,old   
,te/am5t2 :i* is admitt$ by bo? ,jews & 
,*ri/ians4 ,:e!r ! sup]natural claims ( 
! ,old ,te/am5t be j1 or n1 is ( no     
consequ5ce 9 ! _w to ! controv]sy we are
 consid]+4 ,= ! dispute ( ! ,jew ) !    
,*ri/ian is "o ?+1 & 8 dispute ) !      
sceptic is ano!r1 totally diff]5t4 ,=   
:e!r su* a p]sonage z ! ,messiah is     
describ$ to be1 has appe>$ eighte5      
hundr$ ye>s ago1 is q a diff]5t ?+ f !  
"q1 :e!r su* a p]sonage w appe> at all4 
,! ,*ri/ian says1 t he has appe>$ 9 !   
p]son ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,?is ! ,jew   
d5ies1 b looks =w>d to ! future         
fulfilm5t ( ! promises ( 8 ,bible1 :ile 
! ,sceptic d5ies t ! ,messiah has come1 
or ev] w4  ,b ! subject at pres5t "u    
consid]ation is ! dispute ( ! ,jew ) !  
,*ri/ian1 :o ackn[l$ges ! ,old ,te/am5t 
to be a ,revelation1 ^u :i* a new       
,revelation1 t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is    
f\nd$ & erect$4 ,to him ! ,jew argues1 t
 if ! ,old ,te/am5t be a ,div9e         
,revelation1 !n ! ,new ,te/am5t _c be a 

,revelation1 because x contradicts1 & is
 repugnant to1 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! m     
anci5t1 & ackn[l$g$ ,revelation4 ,n[    
,god _c be ! au?or ( two ,revelations1  
"o ( :i* is repugnant to ! o!r4 ,"o ( !m
 is c]ta9ly false4 ,& if ! ,*ri/ian1    
consci\s ( ! difficulty ( reconcil+ !   
,new1 ) ! ,old1 ,te/am5t1 attempts to   
support ! ,new1 at ! exp5se ( ! ,old1   
,te/am5t1 ^u :i* ! =m] is1 & 01 built by
 ! f\nd]s ( ,*ri/ianity2 !n ! ,jew w\ld 
tell him1 t he acts z absurdly z w\ld ! 
man :o %\ld expect to make 8 h\se !     
firm]1 by und]m9+1 & weak5+ its         
f\ndation4  ,s t :e!r ! ,*ri/ian        
affirms1 or d5ies1 he is ru9$ ei!r way4 
,= he is r$uc$ to ?is fatal dilemma4 ,if
 ! ,old ,te/am5t conta9s a ,revelation f
 ,god1 !n ! ,new ,te/am5t is n f ,god1 =
 ,god _c contradict himself3 & x c be   
prov$ abundantly1 t ! ,new ,te/am5t is  
contradictory1 & repugnant to ! ,old &  
to itself too4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,old 
,te/am5t conta9s no ,revelation f ,god1 
!n ! ,new ,te/am5t mu/ g d[n at any rate

 because x ass]ts t ! ,old ,te/am5t does
 conta9 a ,revelation f ,god1 & builds  
^u x1 z a f\ndation4--,e4  99 ,!re 0    
no?+ :i* gave ! au?or1 9 writ+ ?is      
,book1 s mu* uneas9ess1 at ! appreh5sion
 ( be+ suppos$ to ent]ta9 disrespectful 
s5tim5ts ( ! ,f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian        
,religion4 ,i w\ld mo/ e>ne/ly entreat !
 read] to believe my solemn assurances1 
t by no?+ t ,i h said1 or %all be "u !  
necessity ( say+1 d ,i ?9k1 or mean to  
intimate ! slighte/ disp>agem5t to !    
moral "* ( "o1 ^: purity ( morals1 &    
good int5tions1 des]ve any ?+ else b    
reproa*4 ,t he 0 an en?usia/1 ,i d n    
d\bt1 t he 0 a wilful impo/or ,i nev] w 
believe4 ,& ,i prote/ be=e ,god1 t f !  
appreh5sions above-m5tion$ alone1 ,i    
w\ld h conf9$ ! cont5ts ( ?is volume to 
myself1 did ,i n feel compell$ to ju/ify
 myself = hav+ quitt$ a pr(ession3 & did
 ,i n1 above all1 ?9k x my duty1 to make
 a well meant attempt1 :i* ,i hope w be 
second$1 to v9dicate ! unbelief ( an    
un=tunate nation1 :o1 on t acc\nt1 h =  

almo/ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s1 be5 made !   
victim ( rancor\s prejudice1 ! mo/      
inf]nal cruelties1 & ! mo/ atroci\s     
wick$ness4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian religion be1 9
 tru?1 n well f\nd$1 surely x is ! duty 
( e hone/ & e humane1 man1 to endeav\r  
to dispel an illusion1 :i* c]ta9ly has  
be51 not)/&+ any ?+ t c be said to !    
contr>y1 ! bona fide1 & real cause (    
unspeakable mis]y1 & ( repeat$1 &       
remorseless plund]+s1 & massacres1 to an
 unhappy p2 ! j\rnal ( ^: suff]+s1 on   
acc\nt ( x1 =ms ! blacke/ page 9 !      
hi/ory ( ! human race1 & ! mo/ dete/able
 "o 9 ! hi/ory ( human sup]/ition4--,e4 
99 ,j]ome1 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,epi/le to
 ! ,galatians1 says1 t ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 
0 n ga!r$ f ! ,academy1 or ! ,lyceum1 b 
f ! l[e/ ( ! p4 ,vili ,plebecula4 ,&    
,coecilius1 9 ,m9utius ,felix1 says1 t !
 ,*ri/ian assemblies 7 made up de ultima
 faece collectis1 imp]itioribus1 et     
muli]ibus cr$ulis sexus suae facilitate 
lab5tibus1 i4 e4 t !y consi/$ ( ! l[e/ (
 ! mob1 simple & unle>n$1 m51 & cr$ul\s 

wom54  ,! presid5t ( a prov9ce is       
introduc$1 by ,prud5tius z ?us address+ 
a m>tyr3--,tu qui ,doctor1 ait1 s]is    
novellum ,comm5ti g5us1 ut ,leves       
,puellae1 ,lucos de/ituunt1 ,jovem      
rel9quant2 ,damnes1 si sapias1 ,,anile  
,,dogma4  ,! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs confess1 & 
glory 9 x1 t ! great] "p ( _!           
congregations consi/$ ( wom5 & *ildr51  
slaves1 begg>s1 & vagabonds4  ,! ,jewi% 
,*ri/ians 71 z appe>s evid5tly f ! ,new 
,te/am5t1 exce$+ly poor1 & !re=e !re is 
frequ5t m5tion made ( contributions = ! 
poor ,sa9ts at ,j]usalem4 ,f !nce x 0 t 
! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians got ! "n (           
,ebionites1 i4 e4 ,poor4 ,! ,jewi%      
,*ri/ian ,*ur* consi/$ ( ! dregs ( !    
,jewi% p1 simple & ignorant m51         
,sam>itans1 c4 ,no p]son 9 ,judea (     
em95ce1 or le>n+1 appe>s to h jo9$ !    
sect ( ! ,naz>5es1 except ,paul2 aft] ! 
de/ruction ( ,j]usalem !y gradually     
dw9dl$ 9 numb]1 & became ext9ct4--,e4   
99 ,i w "h lay be=e ! read] ! argum5ts  
advanc$ by ! ,mahometans 9 behalf ( !   

miracles ( _! prophet1 extract$ f !     
le>n$ ,rel&s acc\nt ( ,mehometanism4 ,!y
 say t--! miracles ( ,mahomet & 8       
foll[]s h be5 record$ 9 innum]able      
volumes ( ! mo/ fam\s1 le>n$1 pi\s1 &   
subtle ,doctors ( ! ,mahometan ,fai?1 :o
 let no?+ pass )\t ! /ricte/ & sev]e/   
exam9ation1 & ^: tradition1 !re=e1 is   
unexceptionable among !m2 t !y 7 kn[n   
?r\gh\t all ! regions ( ,arabia1 &      
transmitt$ by common & univ]sal         
tradition f fa!r to son1 f g5]ation to  
g5]ation4 ,t ! books ( ,int]pret]s &    
,comm5tators on ! ,koran1 ! books (     
,hi/orians1 especially su* z give an    
acc\nt ( ,mahomets life & actions1 !    
books ( annali/s & lawy]s1 ! books (    
ma!maticians & philosoph]s1 &1 la/ (    
all1 ! books ( bo? ,jews & ,*ri/ians    
conc]n+ ,mahomet1 are full ( 8 miracles4
 ,t if ! au?ority ( s _m great & wise   
doctors be d5i$1 !n1 = _! "p1 !y _c see 
b t a univ]sal scepticism z to all o!r  
acc\nts ( miracles mu/ obta9 among p (  
all p]suasions4 ,= au?ority be+ ! only  

pro( ( facts done out ( our "t1 or out (
 our sight1 if t be d5i$1 !re is no way 
to come to ! c]ta9ty ( any su*1 )\t     
imm$iate inspiration2 & all acc\nts (   
matt]s record$ 9 hi/ory1 mu/ be d\btful 
& prec>i\s4  ,& ^! witnesses w\ld n h   
d>$ to ass]t ^! miracles unless !y 7    
true2 = su* z =g$ any miracles = 81 :i* 
he really did n1 lay "u a he>ty curse f 
! prophet4 ,= x 0 a receiv$ tradition   
among ! fai?ful1 t ,mahomet d5\nc$ hell 
& damnation to all ^? :o %\ld tell any  
lies ( him4 ,s t none :o believ$ 9      
,mahomet1 dur/ attribute miracles to him
 :i* he 0 n conc]n$ 92 & ^? :o believ$ n
 9 him1 w\ld c]ta9ly nev] h giv5 him !  
hon\r ( work+ any1 unless he _h done s4 
,*ri/ian read]1 ?\ see/ h[ mu* c be     
said1 & h[ _m respectable witnesses &   
au?orities c be adduc$ to prove t       
,mahomet wr\ght miracles4 ,can/ ?\      
adduce m1 or bett]1 au?orities 9 behalf 
( ! miracles ( ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,art ?\ 
n r satisfi$ h[ fallaci\s ! evid5ce (   
te/imony is 9 all su* cases8  ,?is is n 

all t ! ,mahometan might urge 9 behalf (
 8 prophet1 = he might tell ! ,*ri/ian1 
boa/+ t ,jesus & 8 ,apo/les conv]t$ !   
,roman _w f idolatry1 t !y ov]?rew "o   
sy/em ( idolatry1 only to build up      
ano!r1 s9ce ! wor%ip ( ,jesus1 ! ,virg9 
,m>y1 & ! ,sa9ts1 & _! images 0 e/abli%$
 9 a few hundr$ ye>s aft] ,jesus1 &     
cont9ues to ?is day2 an idolatry z rank1
 & mu* m inexcusable ?an ! wor%ip ( !   
anci5t ,greeks & ,romans4 ,:]eas1       
,mahomet cut up root & bran*1 bo?       
,*ri/ian & ,pagan idolatry1 & proclaim$ 
"o only ,god z ! object ( adoration2 &  
if ! ,*ri/ian %\ld urge ! rapid         
propagation ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,mahometan 
might reply1 t ,mahomet 0 a poor        
camel-driv]1 b t ,islamism made m       
progress 9 "o hundr$ ye>s1 ?an          
,*ri/ianity did 9 a ?\s&2 t x 0 embrac$ 
by ! noble1 ! great1 ! wise1 & ! le>n$1 
almo/ z soon z x appe>$2 :]eas1         
,*ri/ianity 0 skulk+ & creep+ among !   
mob ( ! ,roman ,empire = "s hundr$ ye>s 
be=e x d>$ to raise its head 9 public   

view4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian %\ld reply to ?is1 
by ascrib+ ! success ( ,mahometanism to 
! sword1 ! ,mahometan might reply1 )    
tru?1 t x 0 a vulg> error2 = t va/ly m  
nations embrac$ ,islamism volunt>ily1   
?an !re 7 :o freely receiv$ ,*ri/ianity2
 & he might rem9d him1 h[ mu*           
,*ri/ianity ow$ to ! accession (        
,con/ant9e2 to ,*>lemagne2 & ! ,teutonic
 ,knights2 & bid him recollect t ! monks
 7 assi/$ by soldi]s to conv]t to       
,*ri/ianity almo/ e nation 9 ,mod]n     
,europe4--,e4   ,comp>e ! above )       
,maimonides1 ,hil*ot ,yessode ,hattorah1
 f *apt] #g4--;,d4  99 ,! read] is      
reque/$ by ! au?or to und]/&1 & be> 9   
m9d1 t x is n at all int5d$ by any ( !  
obs]vations conta9$ 9 ?is *apt] on !    
hi/ories ( ! f\r evangeli/s1 to reflect 
^u1 or to disp>age1 ! *>act]s ( ,mat!w1 
,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 "u ^: names !y g2 
because he believes1 & ?9ks x is prov$ 9
 ?is *apt]1 t ! real au?ors ( ^!        
hi/ories 7 v diff]5t p]sons f ! ,apo/les
 ( ,jesus2 & t1 9 fact1 ! acc\nts 7 n   

writt5 till ! middle ( ! second c5tury1 
ab\t a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! suppos$ au?ors
 ( !m 7 dead4 ,( c\rse1 none ( !        
obs]vations conta9$ 9 ! *apt] relative  
to ^! hi/ories1 w>e consid]$1 or int5d$1
 to apply to any ( ! twelve apo/les1 :o 
7 n m5 :o c\ld make su* mi/akes z w be  
po9t$ out4 ,^! mi/akes belong entirely  
to ! au?ors :o h assum$ _! names4--,e4  
99 ,t ! pret5d$ ,gospel ( ,mat!w 0 n    
writt5 by ,mat!w1 or by an1 inhabitant (
 ,pale/9e1 may also be inf]r$1 ,i ?9k1 f
 ! blund]+ attempts ( ! au?or ( x to    
give ! mean+ ( "s expressions utt]$ by  
,jesus1 & us$ by ! ,jews1 9 ! language (
 ! c\ntry1 :i* 0 ! ,syro ,*aldaic2 & :i*
 ! real ,mat!w c\ld h>dly be ignorant (4
 ,= in/ance1 he says t ,golgo?a         
signifies--! place ( a skull4 ,mat!w    
xxvii4 #cc4 ,n[1 ?is is n true1 =       
,golgo?a1 or z x %\ld h be5 writt51     
,golgol?a1 does n signify ! place ( a   
skull1 b simply a skull4 ,! ,gospels    
accord+ to ,m>k1 & ,john1 are guilty ( !
 same mi/ake1 & ?us betray ! same m>ks (

 ,g5tilism4 ,aga91 ! pret5d$ ,mat!w     
says1 t ,jesus cri$ on ! cross1 ,eli    
,eli lama1 saback?ani1 :i* he says      
meant1 ,my ,god1 ,my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\    
=sak5 me8 7,mat!w xxvii4 #df47 ,if !    
read] w look at :at ,mi*aelis1 9 8      
introduction to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 says ^u
 ?is subject1 he w f9d ! real ,syro     
,*aldaic expression :i* mu/ h be5 us$ by
 ,jesus1 to be s diff]5t f ! "o giv5 by 
! suppos$ ,mat!w1 t he w1 7& !          
obs]vation is n meant z a disp>agem5t to
 ! real ,mat!w1 :o c]ta9ly _h no h& 9 ! 
imposition ( ! ,gospel cov]$ ) 8 "n7 ,i 
suspect be incl9$ to believe1 t ?is     
pret5d$ ,mat!ws k ( ! vulg> language ( !
 ,jews1 us$ 9 ,*ri/s "t1 mu/ h be5 ab\t 
^u a p> ) ! hone/ sailors k ( ,fr5*2 :o 
assur$ 8 c\ntrym51 on 8 return home1 t !
 ,fr5* call$ a horse a %ovel & a hat a  
*opp]6--,e4  99 ,see ,add5da1 ,no4 #b4  
99 ,! au?or _h prep>$1 9 ord] to subjo9 
9 ?is place1 an exam9ation ( ! ,mosaic  
,code1 & a developm5t ( its pr9ciples1  
:i* he ?9ks w\ld h satisfi$ ! read] ( ! 

tru? ( :at he has said 9 ! la/ p>agraph4
 ,b z x w\ld h too mu* increas$ ! bulk (
 ! volume1 x has be5 omitt$4 ,x is an   
in/itution h[ev] curi\s en\gh to be !   
subject ( an int]e/+ discussion1 :i* he 
%\ld be happy to see f ! h&s ( "o able  
to d x ju/ice4--,e4   ,mr4 ,engli%1 x w 
be p]ceiv$1 diff]s 9 8 translation ( !  
,hebrew ^w nebelati1 :i* is1 c]ta9ly1 9 
! s+ul> numb]1 & n plural4 ,! correct   
r5d]+ is1 d\btless1 ) my dead body !y1  
c42 b ?is weak5s n at all 8 argum5t1 :i*
 is ess5tially a ,jewi% "o4 ,see !      
,comm5tators1 ,*izoook ,emunah1 c4      
c4--,d4   ,?is 01 orig9ally1 a note2 b1 
9 ord] n to div]t too mu* ! read]s      
att5tion1 x has be5 ?\ght advisable to  
ins]t x "h4--,d4