,,the ,,boy ,,and ,,the ,,sunday ,,school ,a ,manual of ,principle and ,method for the ,work of the ,sunday ,school with ,teen ,age ,boys ,,john ,l4 ,,alexander ,superintendent ,secondary ,division ,international ,sunday ,school ,association ,author and ,editor ,boy ,training1 ,the ,sunday ,school and the ,teens1 ,boys' ,hand ,book1 ,boy ,scouts of ,america ,sex ,instruction for ,boys1 etc4 ,introduction by ,,marion ,,lawrance ,general ,secretary1 ,world's and ,international ,sunday ,school ,associations ,,association ,,press ,,new ,,york3 #cdg ,,madison ,,avenue #aibj ,,copyright1 #aiac1 ,,by ,,the ,,international ,,committee ,,of ,,young ,,men',s ,,christian ,,associations ,,this ,,little ,,book ,,is ,,dedicated ,,to ,,the ,,men ,,who ,,must ,,face ,,all ,,the ,,problems ,,of ,,the ,,sunday ,,school--,,to ,,the ,,men ,,who ,,hold ,,the ,,key ,,to ,,all ,,the ,,life ,,and ,,progress ,,of ,,the ,,school--,,the ,,superintendents ,,of ,,north ,,america4 ,,introduction ,the ,sunday school chapter of ,church history is now being written4 ,it comes late in the volume1 but those who are writing it and those who are reading it realize--as never before--that the ,sunday school is rapidly coming to its rightful place4 ,in the ,sunday school1 as elsewhere1 it is the little child who has led the way to improvement4 ,the commanding appeal of the little ones opened the door of advance1 and1 as a result1 the ,elementary ,division of the school has outstripped the rest in its efficiency4 ,where children go adults will follow1 and so we discover that the ,adult ,division was the next to receive attention1 until today its manly strength and power are the admiration of the ,church4 ,strange as it may seem1 it is nevertheless true1 that the middle division1 called the ,secondary1 and covering the ,teen ,age1 has been sadly neglected--the joint in the harness of our ,sunday school fabric4 ,here we have met with many a signal defeat1 for the doors of our ,sunday schools have seemed to swing outward and the boys and girls have gone from us1 many of them never to return4 ,we have busied ourselves to such an extent in studying the problem of the boy and the girl that the real problem--the problem of leadership--has been overlooked4 ,the ,secondary ,division is the challenge of the ,sunday school and of the ,church today4 ,it is during the ,teen ,age that more decisions are made for ,christ and against him than in any other period of life4 ,it is here that ,sunday school workers have found their greatest difficulty in meeting the issue1 largely because they have not understood the material with which they have to deal4 ,we are rejoiced1 however1 to know that the ,secondary ,division is now coming to be better understood and recognized as the firing line of the ,sunday school4 ,what has been needed and is now being supplied is authoritative literature concerning this critical period4 ,indeed1 the ,sunday school literature for the ,secondary ,division is probably appearing more rapidly now than that for any other division of the school4 ,this book is a choice contribution to that literature4 ,it comes from a man who has devoted his life to the boys and girls1 and who is probably the highest authority in our country in this ,department4 ,the largest contribution he is making to the advancement of the whole ,sunday school work is in showing the fascination1 as well as the possibilities1 of the ,secondary ,division4 ,we are sure this little book will bring rich returns to the ,sunday schools1 because of the large number who will be influenced1 through reading its pages1 to devote their lives to the bright boys and fair girls in whom is the hope1 not only of the ,church1 but of the ,world4 ,marion ,lawrance4 ,chicago1 ,june #a1 #aiac4 ,,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,foreword #ac ,i ,the ,home and the ,boy #bc ,,ii ,the ,public ,school and the ,boy #cb ,,iii ,the ,church and the ,boy #cg ,,iv ,the ,sunday ,school or ,church ,school #da ,v ,the ,boy and the ,sunday ,school #dh ,,vi ,fundamental ,principles in ,sunday ,school ,work with ,boys #eg ,,vii ,method and ,organization #fb ,,viii ,the ,organized ,sunday ,school ,bible ,class #gd ,,ix ,bible ,study for ,boys #ic ,x ,through-the-,week ,activities for ,boys' ,organized ,classes #ajd ,,xi ,the ,boys' ,department in the ,sunday ,school #abj ,,xii ,inter-,sunday ,school ,effort for ,boys #ace ,,xiii ,the ,older ,boys' ,conference or ,congress #ach ,,xiv ,the ,secondary ,division or ,teen ,age ,boys' ,crusade #aeh ,,xv ,sex ,education for ,boys and the ,sunday ,school #agf ,,xvi ,the ,teen ,boy and ,missions #aic ,,xvii ,temperance and the ,teen ,age #bjb ,,xviii ,building up the ,boy's ,spiritual ,life #bjh ,,xix ,the ,teen ,age ,teacher #bae ,,xx ,danger ,points #bfe ,,xxi ,the ,rural ,sunday ,school #bfh ,,xxii ,the ,relation of the ,sunday ,school to ,community ,organizations #bgg ,,foreword ,a great deal of material has come from the pens of various writers on boy life in the last few years4 ,quite a little1 also1 has been written about the ,sunday school1 and a few attempts have been made to hitch the boy of the teen years and the ,sunday school together4 ,most of these attempts1 however1 have been far from successful2 due1 in part1 to lack of knowledge of the boy on the one hand1 or of the ,sunday school on the other4 ,generous criticism of the ,sunday school has been made by experts on boy life1 but this generally has been nullified by the fact that the critics have had no adequate touch with the ,sunday school or its problems--their bread-and-butter experience lay in another field4 ,the ,men and ,religion ,forward ,movement1 in its continent-wide work1 discovered not a few of the problems of the ,sunday school1 and attempted a partial solution in the volume on boys' work in the ,messages of the ,movement4 ,it was but partial1 however1 first1 because the volume tried to deal with the boy1 the church and the community all together1 and second1 because it failed to take into account the fact that there are two sexes in the church school and that the boy1 however important1 constitutes but a section of the ,sunday school and its problems4 ,in view of this1 it may not be amiss to set forth in a new volume a more or less thorough study of the ,sunday school and the adolescent or teen age boy1 the one in relationship to the other1 and at the same time to set forth as clearly as possible the present plans1 methods and attitude of the ,sunday school1 denominationally and interdenominationally4 ,in the preparation of this little book ,i have utilized considerable material written by me for other purposes4 ,generous use has also been made of the ,secondary ,division ,leaflets of the ,international ,sunday ,school ,association4 ,a deep debt of gratitude is mine to the members of the ,international ,secondary ,committee3 ,messrs4 ,e4,h4 ,nichols1 ,frank ,l4 ,brown1 ,eugene ,c4 ,foster1 ,william ,c4 ,johnston1 ,william ,h4 ,danforth1 ,s4,f4 ,shattuck1 ,r4,a4 ,waite1 ,mrs4 ,m4,s4 ,lamoreaux1 and the ,misses ,minnie ,e4 ,kennedy1 ,anna ,branch ,binford and ,helen ,gill ,lovett1 for their great help and counsel in preparing the above leaflets4 ,grateful acknowledgment is also made to ,miss ,margaret ,slattery1 ,mrs4 ,j4,w4 ,barnes1 ,rev4 ,charles ,d4 ,bulla1 ,d4,d41 ,rev4 ,william ,e4 ,chalmers1 ,b4,d41 ,rev4 ,c4,h4 ,hubbell1 ,d4,d41 ,rev4 ,a4,l4 ,phillips1 ,d4,d41 ,rev4 ,j4,c4 ,robertson1 ,b4,d41 and the ,rev4 ,r4,p4 ,shepherd1 ,ph4,d41 for their advice and suggestions as members of the ,committee on ,young ,people's ,work of the ,sunday ,school ,council of ,evangelical ,denominations4 ,the plans and methods of these leaflets have the approval of the denominational and interdenominational leaders of ,north ,america4 ,i wish1 also1 to make public mention of the great assistance that ,mr4 ,preston ,g4 ,orwig and my colleague1 ,rev4 ,william ,a4 ,brown1 have rendered me in the practical working out of many of the methods contained in this volume4 ,two articles written for the ,boys' ,work volume of the ,men and ,religion ,messages1 and one for ,making ,religion ,efficient have been modified somewhat for this present work4 ,the aim has been to set forth as completely as possible the relationship of the ,sunday school and the boy of the teen years in the light of the genius of the ,sunday school4 ,no attempt has been made in this volume to discuss the boy psychologically or otherwise4 ,this has been done so often that the subject has become matter-of-fact4 ,my little volume on ,boy ,training1 so generously shared in by other writers who are authorities on their subjects1 may be referred to for information of this sort4 ,the ,sunday ,school and the ,teens will1 likewise1 afford valuable technical information about the ,sunday school1 it being the report of the ,international ,commission on ,adolescence4 ,this book is largely a volume of method and suggestion for leaders and teachers in the ,sunday school1 to promote the better handling of the so-called boy problem2 for the ,sunday school must solve the problem of getting and holding the teen age boy1 if growth and development are to mark its future progress4 ,of the approximately ten million teen age boys in the field of the ,international ,sunday ,school ,association1 ninety per cent are not now reached by the ,sunday school4 ,of the five per cent enrolled 7less than #a1ejj1jjj7 seventy-five per cent are dropping from its membership4 ,every village1 town and city contributes its share toward this unwarranted leakage4 ,the problem is a universal one4 ,the teen age represents the most important period of life4 ,ideals and standards are set up1 habits formed and decisions made that will make or mar a life4 ,the high-water mark of conversion is reached at fifteen1 and between the ages of thirteen and eighteen more definite stands are made for the ,christian life than in all the other combined years of a lifetime4 ,it marks the period of adolescence1 when the powers and passions of manhood enter into the life of the boy1 and when the will is not strong enough to control these great forces4 ,powers must be unfolded before ability to use them can develop1 and instincts must be controlled while these are in the process of development4 ,the importance of systematic adult leadership during this period of storm and stress cannot be too strongly emphasized4 ,the teen age boy is naturally religious4 ,opportunity1 however1 must be given him to express his religion in forms that appeal to and are understood by him4 ,in other words1 his religion1 like his nature1 is a positive quantity1 and will be carried by him throughout the day1 to dominate all of the activities in which he engages4 ,the problem also reaches through the entire teen years and must be regarded as a whole1 rather than as a series of successive stages1 each stage being separate and complete in itself4 ,the great problem1 then1 which confronts us is to keep the boys in the church and ,sunday school during the critical years of adolescence and to bring to their support the strength which comes from ,god's ,word and true ,christian friendship1 to the end that they may be related to the ,son of ,god as ,saviour and ,lord through personal faith and loyal service4 ,,general ,,bibliography ,alexander1 ,editor4--,boy ,training 74#ge74 ,the ,sunday ,school and the ,teens4 7,the ,report of the ,international ,commission on ,adolescence7 7#a4jj74 ,alexander1 ,editor4--,the ,teens and the ,rural ,sunday ,school4 7,the ,report of the ,international ,commission on ,rural ,adolescence47 ,in preparation4 ,boys' ,work ,message 7,men and ,religion ,movement7 7#a4jj74 ,fiske4--,boy ,life and ,self-,government 7#a4jj74 ,hall4--,developing into ,manhood 7,sex ,education ,series7 74#be7 ,hall4--,life's ,beginnings 7,sex ,education ,series7 74#be7 ,secondary ,division ,leaflets1 ,international ,sunday ,school ,association 7,free74 #a4 ,secondary ,division ,organization4 #b4 ,the ,organized ,class4 #c4 ,state and ,county ,work4 #d4 ,through-the-week ,activities4 #e4 ,the ,secondary ,division ,crusade4 ,swift--,youth and the ,race 7#a4ej74 ,,the ,,boy ,,and ,,his ,,education ,three institutions are responsible for the education of the adolescent boy4 ,by education is meant not merely the acquisition of certain forms of related knowledge1 but the symmetrical adaptation of the life to the community in which it lives4 ,the three institutions that cooperate in the community for this purpose are3 the home1 the school1 and the church4 ,there are many organizations and orders that have a large place in the life of the growing boy1 but these must be viewed solely in the light of auxiliaries to the home1 school and church in the production of efficient boyhood and trained manhood4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,education ,draper4--,american ,education 7#b4jj74 ,payot4--,education of the ,will 7#a4ej74 ,i ,,the ,,home ,,and ,,the ,,boy ,the greatest of the three institutions affecting boy life1 from the very fact that it is the primary one1 is the home4 ,the home is the basis of the community1 the community merely being the aggregation of a large number of well-organized or ill-organized homes4 ,the first impressions the boy receives are through his home life1 and the bent of his whole career is often determined by the home relationships4 ,the large majority of homes today are merely places in which a boy may eat and sleep4 ,the original prerogatives of the father and mother1 so far as they pertain to the physical1 social1 mental and moral development of boyhood1 have been farmed out to other organizations in the community4 ,the home life of today greatly differs from that of previous generations4 ,this is very largely due to social and economic conditions4 ,our social and economic revolution has made vast inroads upon our normal home life1 with the result that the home has been seriously weakened and the boy has been deprived of his normal home heritage4 ,to give the home at least some of the old power that it used to have over the boy life1 there must needs be recognized the very definite place a boy must have in the family councils4 ,the general tendency today1 as far as the boy is concerned1 is an utter disregard on the part of the father and mother of the importance of the boy as a partner in the family4 ,he is merely the son of his father and mother1 and their obligations to him seemingly end in providing him with wholesome food1 warm clothing1 a place to sleep and a room in which to study and play in common with other members of the household4 ,very little thought is given on the part of the father and mother to the real part the boy should play in the direction of the family life4 ,family matters are never determined with the help of his judgment4 ,they are even rarely discussed in his presence4 ,instead of being a partner in the family life1 doing his share of the family work and being recognized as a necessary part of its welfare1 he is only recognized as a dependent member1 to be cared for until he is old enough to strike out and make a place for himself4 ,this sometimes is modified when the boy comes to the wage-earning age1 when he is required to assist in the support of the family1 but even then his place in the family councils to determine the policy of the family is usually a very small one4 ,in the home of today few fathers and mothers seem to realize the claim that the boy has upon them in the matter of comradeship4 ,the parent looks upon himself very largely in the light of the provider1 and but very little attention is paid to the companionship call that is coming from the life of his boy4 ,after a strenuous day's work the father is often physically incapacitated for such comradeship and only the strongest effort of will on his part can force him to recognize this fundamental need of his boy's life4 ,it is just as necessary that the father should play with and be the companion of his boy as it is for him to see that he has good food1 warm clothing1 and a comfortable bed to sleep in4 ,the father generally is the boy's hero up to a certain age4 ,this seems to be an unwritten1 natural law of the boy's life1 and the father often forfeits this worship and respect of his boy by failing to afford him the natural companionship necessary to keep it alive4 ,in addition to a place and a voice in the councils of the family1 it is necessary that the boy should have steady parental companionship to bring out the best that is in him4 ,the ownership of personal property and its recognition by the parent in the life of the boy is fundamental to the boy's later understanding of the home and community life4 ,comparatively few fathers and mothers ever recognize the deep call of the boy life to own things1 and frequently the boy's property is taken from him and he is deprived of its use as a means of punishment for some breach of home discipline4 ,in many families the boy grows up altogether without any adequate idea of what the right of private property really is1 with the result that when he reaches the adolescent years and is swayed by the gang spirit1 whatever comes in his way1 as one of the gang1 is appropriated by him to the gang use4 ,this means that the boy1 because of his ignorance1 becomes a ward of the ,juvenile ,court and a breaker of community laws4 ,the tendency1 however1 today in legal procedure is to hold the parents of such a boy liable for the offenses which may be committed4 ,instead of talking about juvenile delinquency today we are beginning to comprehend the larger meaning of parental and community delinquency4 ,out of nearly six hundred cases which came before the ,juvenile ,court in ,san ,francisco last year only nineteen1 by the testimony of the judge1 were due to delinquency on the part of the offender himself4 ,the majority of the remaining cases were due to parental delinquency1 or neglect of the father and mother4 ,a real part in the home life may be given to the boy by recognizing his individual and sole claim to certain things in the home life4 ,failure on the part of the father and mother to recognize the growth of the boy likewise tends to interfere with normal relationships in the home4 ,many a father and mother fail to see and appreciate the fact that their boy really ceases to be a child4 ,because of this1 parents very often fail to show the proper respect for the personality of the boy1 riding rough-shod over his feelings and will4 ,there follows in matters of this kind a natural resentment on the part of the boy which sometimes makes him moody and reticent4 ,this1 in its turn1 causes the parents to try to curb what they consider a disagreeable disposition on the part of the boy4 ,sometimes this takes the form of resentment at the fact that the boy wishes at times to be alone1 and so fathers and mothers are continually on the watch to prevent the boy from really having any time of his own4 ,all of these things put together have but one logical result1 the ultimate break between the boy and the home1 and the departure of the boy at the first real opportunity to strike out for himself1 thus sundering all the home relationships4 ,perhaps one of the saddest things in the home life today is the neglect of the father to see that his boy receives the necessary knowledge concerning sex1 that his life may be safeguarded from the moral perils of the community4 ,this is not always a willful breach of duty on the part of the father1 but usually comes from ignorance as to how to broach this subject to the boy4 ,a great many growing lives would be saved from moral taint and become a blessing instead of a curse if the father discharged his whole duty to his growing son1 by putting at his disposal the knowledge which is necessary to an understanding of the functions of the sex life4 ,to recapitulate1 several things are necessary to bring about real relationships in the home life between the parents and the boy4 ,these are3 a place for the boy in the family councils as a partner in the home life1 the boy's right to companionship with his parents1 the privilege and responsibility of private ownership1 the right a boy has to his personality and privacy1 and tactful and timely instruction in matters of sex4 ,this might be enlarged by the parents' privilege of caring for and developing social life for the boy in the home1 a carefully planned participation in its working life1 instructions in thrift and saving1 and a general cooperation with the school and the church1 as well as the auxiliary organizations with which the boy may be connected1 so that the physical1 social1 mental and spiritual life of the boy may become well balanced and symmetrical4 ,add to this the ,christian example of the father and mother1 as expressed in the everyday life of the home1 and especially through family worship and a recognition of the ,divine ,being at meal time1 and without any cant or undue pressure there will be produced such a wholesome home environment as to assure the boy of an intelligent appreciation of not only his father and mother1 but of his home privileges in general1 and of the value of real religion4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,the ,,home ,allen4--,making the ,best of ,our ,children4 ,two vols4 7#a4jj each74 ,field4--,finger-posts to ,children's ,reading 7#a4jj74 ,fiske4--,boy ,life and ,self-,government 7#a4jj74 ,kirkpatrick4--,fundamentals of ,child ,study 7#a4be74 ,putnam4--,education for ,parenthood 74#fe74 ,,ii ,,the ,,public ,,school ,,and ,,the ,,boy ,of the primary institutions that are cooperating in the life of the boy today1 without a doubt the public school is the most efficient and most serviceable4 ,today the school offers and compels a boy to get certain related courses of study which will make him a better citizen by fitting him in a measure for the procuring of an intelligent and adequate livelihood4 ,the school by no means is perfect in this matter1 and as long as over fifty per cent4 of the boys fail to graduate even from the eighth grade in the grammar school1 and but one per cent4 go to college1 there will be great need of a reconstruction of its methods of work4 ,without question1 the curricula of the public school should be modified so as to meet the needs of all the boys in the community and vocational and industrial training should have larger place in our educational plans4 ,the boy who is to earn his livelihood by his hands and head should receive as much attention and intelligent instruction as the boy who aims at a professional career4 ,however1 with all its limitations1 the public school is the only institution which has a definite policy in the education of the boy4 ,the leaders of the public school system know whither they are going and the road they must travel to reach the goal4 ,perhaps the greatest weakness of our public school system today is the inability1 because of our division between church and state1 to give the boy any religious instruction in connection with what is styled secular education4 ,for the first time in the history of the world has religious instruction been barred from the public school1 and that in our free ,america4 ,most intelligent ,christian men now realize that1 because of the division between church and state in our country1 religious instruction in the public school is impossible1 as the school is the instrument of the state in the production of wealth-producing citizenship4 ,the men who with clear vision see these things also see this limitation of the public school system and recognize that the church has a larger mission to fulfill in ,america than in any other country1 it the education of the boy is to be symmetrical and well balanced4 ,perhaps the problem of our public school system of education which has not yet been solved is the vast possibility of the directed play life of our boys4 ,it is well known by students of boy life that the character of the boy is very largely determined by the informal education which comes from his part in sports and play4 ,in some cities the public school has sought to give partial direction to the play life of the boy through public school athletic leagues1 but even these leagues touch but a small part of the boy life of any community4 ,besides the injection of industrial and vocational training in large quantity in public school curricula1 more thought and place will have to be given to the expression of the boy life in play than is now provided for4 ,in addition to this1 the home and the church must render a united cooperation to make the school life of the boy what it ought to be4 ,the ,parents' and ,teachers' ,association in the public school is doing much to bring this about between the home and the school1 and it may be that a ,teachers' ,association1 consisting of officials and teachers of the public school and the officials and teachers of the ,sunday school1 might bring about a closer cooperation in the secular and religious education of the boyhood of the community4 ,both these associations1 if fostered1 would certainly tend to create a wholesome school atmosphere1 which would render a tremendous service in safeguarding the moral life of the boy4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,public ,,school ,baldwin4--,industrial-social ,education 7#a4ej74 ,bloomfield4--,vocational ,guidance of ,youth 74#fj74 ,brown4--,the ,american ,high ,school 7#a4dj74 ,crocker1--,religious ,freedom in ,american ,education 7#a4jj74 --,religious ,education 74#fe74 ,,iii ,,the ,,church ,,and ,,the ,,boy ,if the foregoing facts considering the home and school life are absolutely true1 and the consensus of opinion of the students of boy life would have it so1 it means that the church has a larger opportunity than formerly supposed to influence the boy life of the community4 ,the investigator into the life of boyhood has revealed to us the fact that a boy's life is not only fourfold--physical1 social1 mental and spiritual--but is also unified in its process of development4 ,if this be so1 there must be a common center for the boy's life1 and neither the home nor the school can1 because of social or economic or political conditions1 become this center4 ,the only remaining place where the boy's life can be unified is the church4 ,the life of the church1 generally speaking1 is largely manipulated in the services of worship1 the ,sunday school1 and such auxiliary organizations as the ,brotherhood1 ,christian ,endeavor1 ,missionary societies1 and other like organizations4 ,at the present time the church organization itself is but little adapted to the needs of the growing boy1 the church being a splendidly organized body for mature life4 ,on the other hand1 until lately1 the ,sunday school has been recognized as a place for children under twelve years of age4 ,with the ,adult ,bible ,class movement of the past few years1 there has come a revival in the ,sunday school in adult life1 so that the place of adults and children in the ,sunday school has been magnified4 ,there still remains1 however1 the need of a modification of ,sunday school organization to meet the need of the adolescent boy4 ,the opportunity that faces the church and the ,sunday school in this adaptation is tremendous4 ,investigations of the past few years have demonstrated beyond a doubt that the time to let loose impulses in the life for the development of character is between the ages of fourteen and twenty1 or the plastic years of early and middle adolescence4 ,recent studies have shown that the break in school life occurs at about fourteen and a half or fifteen years1 and that the majority of cases in the juvenile courts fall in the same period4 ,more souls are born into the ,kingdom of ,god in the early years of adolescence than at all other ages of life put together1 and the vantage ground of the church lies at these ages1 the effort necessary being the minimum and the results being the maximum that can be attained4 ,the problem of the church in touching these adolescent years is to make the right use of all the facts of boy life4 ,too long has the church looked upon the boy as a mere field of operation4 ,too long has she considered the boy as a dual personality and regarded life as both secular and spiritual4 ,today she is beginning to understand that all boyhood life is spiritual2 that there are no secular activities in boyhood1 but that every activity that a boy enters into has tremendous spiritual value1 either for good or for bad4 ,it is especially true in a boy's life that the spiritual finds expression through the physical4 ,it should be true of all life1 but a boy especially lives by physical expression4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,the ,,church ,foster4--,the ,boy and the ,church 74#ge74 ,gray4--,non-,church ,going1 ,its ,reasons1 and ,remedies 7#a4jj74 ,hodges4--,training of ,children in ,religion 7#a4ej74 ,hulbert4--,the ,church and ,her ,children 7#a4jj74 ,,iv ,,the ,,sunday ,,school ,,or ,,church ,,school ,the ,sunday school is the biggest force of the church in the life of the boy4 ,at times he refuses to attend the stated worship of the church1 but if the ,sunday school be in the least interesting he will gladly attend it4 ,its exercises and procedure must1 however1 be interesting1 and rightly so4 ,the boy has the right to demand that the time1 his own time1 which he gives to the ,sunday school1 should be utilized to some decently profitable1 pleasurable end4 ,education1 even religious education1 is not necessarily a painful process4 ,discipline of mind or body has ceased to be a series of disagreeable1 rigid postures or exercises4 ,medicine has no virtue merely because it is bad to the taste1 and modern medical usage prescribes free air and warm sunshine in large doses in place of the old-time bitter nostrums4 ,even where the boy spirit needs medication1 the means employed need not be sepulchral gloom1 solemn warning1 other-world songs1 and penitential prayers1 with great moral applications of the non-understandable4 ,the germs of spiritual disease give way before the sunshine of the spirit1 just as fast1 if not faster1 than the microbes before the sun4 ,the ,sunday school1 then1 should be a happy1 joyous1 sunny place1 brimful of ideas1 suggestion and impulse2 for these three are at once the giants and fairies of religious education1 and are the essential elements of character-making4 ,to produce all of the above1 three things are needed3 adequate organization1 careful supervision1 and common-sense leading4 ,the first is imperative1 because all education is a matter of organization4 ,the second is part of the first1 as supervision is the genius of organization4 ,the third is fundamental1 for all expression--true education--depends on the teacher or leader1 whose innate idea of the fitness of things keeps him from doing1 on the one hand1 that which is just customary1 or1 on the other hand1 that which may appear to be just scientific4 ,the science of yesterday should be the tradition of today2 that is1 if we are making progress in educational processes4 ,today's science also should be fighting yesterday's for supremacy4 ,common sense lies somewhere between the two4 ,the only two of these three ,sunday school essentials that this chapter deals with are organization and supervision4 ,the ,sunday school should be a kind of a religious regiment1 martial both in its music and its virtues for its challenge to the adolescent boy4 ,now1 every regiment1 in peace or war1 is properly organized with battalions1 companies1 and squads4 ,everything is accounted for1 arranged for1 and some one definitely held responsible for certain things--not everything4 ,the organization covers every member of the regiment2 so should the ,sunday school4 ,in ,sunday school nomenclature the regimental battalions are ,divisions--,elementary1 ,secondary1 and ,adult1 by name4 ,the companies likewise are named ,departments1 each division having its own as in the ,elementary--,cradle ,roll1 ,beginners1 ,primary1 and ,junior4 ,the squads in each case are the ,classes that make up the ,departments4 ,it is essential that the ,secondary1 or ,teen ,age ,division1 which enrolls the adolescent boy1 be adequately organized4 ,regiments1 ,battalions1 ,companies1 and ,squads must be properly officered--must be supervised4 ,colonels1 ,majors1 ,captains1 ,lieutenants1 ,sergeants and ,corporals are the arteries of an army4 ,in ,sunday school language1 the head of the regiment is the ,general ,superintendent1 and all the heads of divisions and departments are likewise named ,superintendent4 ,the leader of the squad is the ,teacher4 ,then a properly supervised ,sunday school is organized not unlike an army1 and would be1 according to a diagram1 like the following3 ,general ,superintendent ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,elementary ,secondary ,adult ,special ,superintendent ,superintendent ,superintendent ,superintendent ,cradle ,roll ,intermediate ,organized ,bible ,superintendent ,superintendent ,class ,superintendent ,beginners' ,senior ,home ,superintendent ,superintendent ,superintendent or ,primary ,teen ,age ,superintendent ,superintendent or ,junior ,boys' ,superintendent ,superintendent and ,girls' ,superintendent ,thus the modern school of the church would have at least twelve superintendents to oversee its work1 to say nothing of the special workers1 such as ,training1 ,missionary and ,temperance4 ,this may seem like an unnecessary array of officers1 but the experienced will admit that they are essential to good results in teaching boys and girls of varying requirements4 ,not until the ,secondary or ,teen ,age ,division is adequately supervised1 will the teen age boy or his religious education be properly cared for4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,the ,,sunday ,,school ,frost4--,the ,church ,school 74#fe74 ,cope4--,efficiency in the ,sunday ,school 7#a4jj74 ,lawrance4--,housing the ,sunday ,school 7#b4jj74 --,how to ,conduct a ,sunday ,school 7#a4be74 ,meyer4--,the ,graded ,sunday ,school in ,principle and ,practice 74#ge74 ,,scheme ,,of ,,organization ,,of ,,the ,,modern ,,sunday ,,school ,,divisions ,,and ,,departments ,,elementary ,,secondary ,,adult ,,special ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,cradle ,roll 7,a7 ,adult ,missionary 7#a ,minute-#c ,intermediate ,bible years7 ,department ,class -------------- 7#ac-af years7 ,department ,temperance ,beginners' --------------- 7#ba years 7 ,department ,senior -------------- 7#d-e years7 ,department ,home#a ,purity -------------- 7#ag-bj years7 ,department ,primary ,visitation ,department 7,b7 ,department ,training 7#f-h years7 ,teen ,age or -------------- ,high ,school ,junior ,department ,parents ,department -------------- ,girls' ,department ,parents and 7#ac-bj years7 ,teachers 7,c7 ,boys' ,etc4 ,department 7#ac-bj years7 ,v ,,the ,,boy ,,and ,,the ,,sunday ,,school ,there are two factors in the above subject--the factor of the boy and the factor of the ,sunday school4 ,the factor of the boy is the more important of the two1 as the ,sunday school exists merely for the purpose of serving the boy4 ,the boy1 therefore1 should be thought of first1 and the ,sunday school should be planned to meet his needs4 ,what then is the factor of the boy8 ,the boy is a many-sided animal1 with budding tastes1 clamorous appetites1 primitive likes and dislikes1 varied interests2 an idealist and hater of shams1 a reservoir of nerve force1 a bundle of contradictions1 a lover of fun but a possible lover of the best1 a loyal friend of his true friends2 impulsive1 erratic1 impressionable to an alarming degree4 ,furthermore1 the boy is maturing1 traversing the path from boyhood to manhood1 is unstable1 not only in his growth1 but also in his thought1 is restless because of his natural instability1 and sometimes suffers from headiness and independence4 ,between boyhood and manhood he travels swiftly1 the scenery changes quickly as he travels--but he is traveling to manhood4 ,no railway train or vehicle can keep pace with his speed4 ,morning sees him a million miles farther on his way than night reckoned him but half a day before4 ,and yet1 in all of it1 he moves by well-defined stages in his journey towards his destination of maturity4 ,today he is individualistic1 tomorrow heroic1 a little later reflective and full of thought1 but in all of it is progressively active1 moving forward by leaps and bounds4 ,his needs also increase with his pace1 and must be fully and timely met1 if he is to reach symmetrical maturity4 ,he needs but three things to attain his best3 proper sustenance1 unlimited activity1 and careful guidance4 ,given these three rightly and at the proper time1 the quality of his manhood will go beyond our fondest hope4 ,the sustenance must be in keeping with his years1 the activity in line with his strength1 and the guidance adapted to the needs of his spirit--firm1 compelling1 but not irksome4 ,in it all the boy is to be encouraged in self-expression1 resourcefulness1 and independent manhood4 ,such is a partial appreciation of the boy and his wonderful capacities1 a passing glimpse into a treasure house of wealth and possibility4 ,what now is the ,sunday school8 ,in the days that are past1 it was looked upon merely as a weekly meeting of boys and girls4 ,today it is regarded as an institution for the releasing of great moral and religious impulses into life4 ,of late there have even crept into its life the names and some of the methods of our public school system4 ,grading and trained teaching have also come into its life to stay2 the modern ,sunday school is but little like that of a decade ago1 and the changes are not yet done with4 ,some of the innovations will be proved by experience and retained with modification1 while others doubtless will be eliminated as worthless for the purposes of the ,sunday school in its ideals of moral and religious education4 ,improvement1 however1 is in the school atmosphere4 ,however1 with all the change1 past1 present and contemplated1 the school proper has but little time for the doing of its work4 ,fifty-two sessions a year1 of an hour's or an hour and a half's duration at best1 fifty-two or seventy-eight hours a year1 only one-third of which is given to ,bible study1 furnish a meager opportunity to accomplish its aim4 ,compared with twelve hundred hours a year in the public school1 or the twenty-eight hundred hours a year a boy may work1 it seems pitifully small1 for the aim of the ,sunday school is bigger than the other two4 ,the ,sunday school purposes to fit the boy to play the game in public school and work and life4 ,it seeks to give him impulses that will help him to keep clean1 inside and outside1 to work with other boys in team play1 to render ,christian service to his fellows1 and to love and worship ,god as his ,father and ,christ as his ,saviour4 ,the means it employs for these great purposes are ,bible study1 ,christian music1 the association of the boys in classes1 and ,christian leadership4 ,to these the school is beginning to add through-the-week meetings for what have been called its secular activities4 ,all this has come after a great deal of campaigning on the part of groups of devoted men and women interested in boy life and welfare4 ,the ,sunday school has had to overcome many handicaps in reaching the boy of teen age1 among which were the lack of efficient1 virile teachers1 a misunderstanding of boy nature1 lessons not adapted to the boy's needs1 music that was not appealing1 and the indiscriminate grouping of boys with members of the other sex4 ,these1 however1 have been rapidly overcome1 and today the school is fairly well organized to meet the needs of the boy4 ,there are yet some definite things to be written into the life of the ,sunday school to win and hold the boy of teen age in its membership for life4 ,the first of these is the incorporation into the ,sunday school activities of those things that interest and touch and mold every phase of a boy's life4 ,it means the allotment of a definite part of the school period for the discussion of the things the group of boys will engage in during the week1 and a through-the-week meeting as a real part of the school work4 ,this allows and provides for the athletic1 outdoor1 camping1 social1 and literary outlet for the boy spirit4 ,another forward step is graded ,bible study1 graded athletics1 graded service1 graded social life1 and graded mental activities4 ,the work of the school1 to hold the boy1 must be new and diverse in its interests1 and big enough and broad enough to command his constantly changing attention4 ,as his years so shall his interest be4 ,to his years the work of the ,sunday school must correspond4 ,the ,organized ,bible ,class that is self-governing must be added to the above4 ,better have the gang on the inside of the church with a ,christian-altruistic content1 than to permit the boys to organize under self-direction on the outside4 ,the ,bible ,class1 too1 has advantages over every other form of organization4 ,it has the ,bible at its heart1 the one thing necessary to assure permanence1 and never allows the thought of graduation4 ,other boy organizations meet the need of certain specified years2 the ,bible ,class meets all the needs of all the years1 and is flexible enough to include all the special needs that are met by other forms of organization4 ,the greatest need of the ,sunday school is capable teaching4 ,by it the ,bible ,class becomes efficient or the reverse4 ,for the boy the teacher should be a man1 a ,christian man1 who has personality enough to command the boy's respect1 and ability enough to direct the boy in doing things4 ,this means a comrade-relationship of work and play1 ,bible study and athletics1 spiritual and social activity1 ,sunday and week-day interest1 and a disposition on the part of the leader to get the boy to do everything--government1 planning1 presiding1 achieving--for himself4 ,this is true teaching and leadership4 ,the greatest thing in the ,sunday school is the teacher4 ,for now abideth the ,lesson1 the ,class1 and the ,teacher1 but the greatest of these is the ,teacher4 ,in view1 then1 of all that has gone before1 what shall be said of the ,sunday school and the boy8 ,each to each is the complement2 the two together form a winning combination4 ,on the one hand1 the modern ,sunday school should meet the boy's need at every stage of his development in a physical1 social1 mental1 and spiritual way4 ,it should give him variety and progression in the processes of his maturing1 and suitable organization and trained leadership for character-building and man-making4 ,on the other hand1 the boy will render the ,sunday school and church his service1 and through both give his heart's thought1 devotion1 and worship to his ,lord4 ,this is the whole matter of the ,sunday school and the normal boy1 and is our vision of the future of the church4 ,the past did not do it6 ,the past is dead6 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,the ,,boy ,,and ,,the ,,sunday ,,school ,boys' ,work ,message 7,men and ,religion ,movement7 7#a4jj74 ,foster4--,the ,boy and the ,church 74#ge74 ,lewis4--,the ,intermediate ,worker and ,his ,work 74#ej74 --,the ,senior ,worker and ,his ,work 74#ej74 ,robinson4--,the ,adolescent ,boy in the ,sunday ,school 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiaa7 74#bj74 ,,vi ,,fundamental ,,principles ,,in ,,sunday ,,school ,,work ,,with ,,boys ,five fundamental principles must be kept in mind when work with boys in the ,sunday school is attempted1 and without these five principles very little will be accomplished3 #a4 ,the first of these is the ,fourfold ,life4 ,a boy lives physically1 socially1 and mentally1 as well as spiritually4 ,he lives seven days a week1 twenty-four hours a day1 not merely an hour or an hour and a half on ,sunday4 ,his spiritual impulses are received and find their expression in the physical1 social and mental activities in which he is engaged during the week4 ,any work that is attempted with a group of boys which ignores this fourfold life of the boy cannot be a success4 ,the man1 then1 who plans to work with boys must plan to touch the various phases of the boys' lives as he works with them1 and he must also do this work in proportion1 not putting too much emphasis on any one phase1 but allowing equal emphasis on all4 ,the ideal for a perfect work with boys is that which is gleaned from a study of the boyhood of ,christ1 for the boy ,jesus1 grew in wisdom 7mentally71 and in stature 7physically71 and in favor with ,god 7spiritually71 and with man 7socially74 ,the secret of the life of the ,christ as a boy lies in his symmetrical and well-balanced growth4 #b4 ,the second principle is ,progression4 ,in a successful church work with boys the activities must be graded and progressive4 ,the public school could not command the presence of a boy if the work which it gave him today was the same as that of last week1 and that of last week the same as that of a year ago4 ,the inherent interest of the public school to a boy is that he is discovering new things for himself1 or being taught new things all the while4 ,this principle must be incorporated in church and ,sunday school work to keep the continued interest of the boy4 ,it must be observed1 not only in ,bible study 7and this should be graded71 but also in the physical1 social1 mental and service activities in which the boy finds himself engaged4 #c4 ,the third principle is ,service4 ,too long has the church bribed her boys and expected them to remain with her and in her service after offering them wages for doing the thing which they ought to have done for sheer love of it4 ,socials and clubs and athletic organizations and other devices have been used as a bid to hold the boy1 instead of being used because the church owed these things to the boy as part of his all-round development4 ,where the treasure is1 there will the heart be also2 and it stands to reason that the heart of the boy will be where he is giving most of himself4 ,if he is investing himself heavily in the interest and service of the church1 that is where his interest will be4 #d4 ,the fourth principle is ,organisation4 ,the law of the boy life in adolescence is organization1 or the gang4 ,the church has its choice1 either to let the boys organize themselves on the outside1 under self-directed and therefore incompetent leadership1 or to organize the boys on the inside of the church1 provide a definite place for this organization1 and so permeate the gang instinct with the spirit of ,christian altruism4 ,every church organization for boys1 the organized ,bible class1 the church club1 and other church forms of organization1 are aiming to do just this thing4 ,the law of the boy's life is to associate with his fellows and the expression of his purposes is team work4 ,the church1 through suitable organization1 can meet this need of the boy life4 #e4 ,the fifth and last principle is ,leadership4 ,leadership is inseparable from organization1 and organization is useless without leadership4 ,the leadership which is necessary for a group of adolescent boys is that of a man1 and the problem which is presented to a leader with a group of boys in the adolescent years is not that of teaching1 but of awakening virile ideas and purposes in the boy life4 ,the leader must be able to enter into sympathy with and in at least a partial way into participation with all the activities of the group4 ,everything that a boy does is just the thing that the man used to do4 ,there is1 therefore1 little hardship1 but instead the joy of living again1 when a man becomes the leader of a group of boys4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,fundamental ,,principles ,alexander 7,editor74--,boy ,training 74#ge74 ,boys' ,work ,message 7,men and ,religion ,movement7 7#a4jj74 ,robinson4--,the ,adolescent ,boy in the ,sunday ,school 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiaa7 74#bj74 ,,vii ,,method ,,and ,,organization ,organization ,by organization is meant1 of course1 boy organization1 the form of organization that attempts to keep the adolescent boy tied up to the interests of the church4 ,today the forms of organization for this purpose are legion1 and strangely enough every such form but one has its headquarters outside of the local church it seeks to serve4 ,the one exception is the form known as the ,boys' ,organized ,bible ,class1 an integral part of the ,sunday school with no allegiance of any sort or kind to any organization but the local church of which it is a part--bone of its bone1 flesh of its flesh1 muscle of its muscle4 ,these organizations that flourish in our modern church life naturally fall into three classes3 religious1 semi-religious and welfare4 ,other nomenclature1 characterizing them might be used1 and would be by their founders1 but these words classify them for the purpose of our investigation4 ,the religious organizations have for their sole aim the deepening of the religious impulse1 and the missionary objective of carrying this impulse to others4 ,the semi-religious are built around religious and symbolic heroes1 make a bid for the heroic and the gang spirit1 and seek to inculcate more or less of religious truth by the sugar-coat method4 ,the welfare type aims at the giving of all sorts of activity in order to keep the boy interested and busy1 and so raise the tone of his life in general4 ,the religious type of organization includes the forms that may be classed under the church brotherhood idea--the junior brotherhoods of various sorts4 ,they originated because of the need of some kind of expression for the religious impressions that were continually coming to the boy in his church life4 ,the idea was good1 but its release poor4 ,senior forms of organization were imitated1 adult forms of worship and service diminutized1 and juvenile copies of mature experience encouraged4 ,junior brotherhoods and junior societies thus have tended to destroy the genuine1 natural1 spontaneous religious life of boys1 and have unconsciously aided the culture of cant and religious unreality4 ,the semi-religious organizations have gone a full step beyond those of the religious type4 ,societies like the ,knights of ,king ,arthur1 ,knights of the ,holy ,grail1 ,modern ,knights of ,st4 ,paul1 and others of such ilk have in symbolism sought to teach and find expression for the religious impulse4 ,the method has been more or less the religious type in disguise--ancient titles1 elaborate ritual1 initiations1 and degrees1 red fire1 fuss and feathers1 and something doing all the time to attract the boy4 ,the result has been and is a play-idea of organization and a make-believe environment on the part of the boy4 ,in his thought it never classifies with his school or home or general church life4 ,it is a thing apart1 some thing or place to retire to1 to forget the everyday thing for a moment of romance4 ,the mature mind that is responsible for all of this1 however1 seeks to bend and use this make-believe world for the inculcation of religious truth2 and the product is an astonishing variety of results4 ,most of it is beyond the grasp of the ordinary man1 the only man who at present or at any time will do this work in the church2 and where set programs or ritual are followed the work itself loses its fire and misses its effectiveness4 ,the welfare type of organizations has multiplied in the past few years1 and their less religious activities have served to keep the religious and semi-religious types alive4 ,the ,boys' ,brigade1 the ,national ,first ,aid ,association1 the ,woodcraft ,indians1 ,sons of ,daniel ,boone1 ,boy ,scouts1 and others of like type1 are in season and out of season appealing to ,american boyhood4 ,their aim is not specific1 but general and vague3 ,something to do1 something to think about1 something to enjoy1 with a view always to character-building4 ,their appeal is mostly to the physical and the out-of-doors2 their philosophy that of the recapitulation of the culture epochs4 ,their promoters do not claim that they touch all of life4 ,they seek to dominate the leisure time only1 and to produce goodness by affording no free time for positive wrong-doing4 ,the domination is also physical expression1 and the mental and spiritual in the boy and his home1 school1 and church life are not vitally affected directly4 ,all three types1 however1 have done splendid work in the past1 and are rendering good service in the present as they will in the future4 ,the success of each depends entirely on its leadership4 ,if a leader be steeped in the ,idylls of the ,king1 the ,knights of ,king ,arthur will be popular with the boys and the church4 ,if the superintendent of the brotherhood or society be human and magnetic1 the church and the boy will sing its praises4 ,if the scoutmaster is an out-of-door man and has a point of contact with the boy1 the ,boy ,scouts will be the solution of all our difficulties4 ,here lies the crux of the whole matter4 ,if boys are added to the church through any organization1 it is not because of the method1 but because of the worker of the method4 ,the method counts because it is part of the worker--is in his blood4 ,method ,the aim of all church work should be the production not merely of manhood but ,christian manhood4 ,the vision is to see the boy a ,christ-like boy--a physically1 socially1 mentally and spiritually balanced man in the making4 ,the organizations used1 then1 in boys' work should be selected with this aim in mind4 ,again1 modern psychology has demonstrated to us that all boy activities must be graded according to each stage of a boy's development1 and that there are several such stages4 ,in the adolescent boy these may roughly be classed as the heroic and reflective stages1 or as early1 middle1 and late adolescence4 ,boy activities1 then1 must group themselves to minister to the needs of each separate stage in order to work effectively4 ,but psychology has also shown us that the activities of any one stage must also be graded to meet the needs of that one stage4 ,thus the heroic may run from the twelfth to the fifteenth year1 and the activities of this phase should be graded to meet the development of the phase4 ,this is well illustrated by the ,tenderfoot ,second ,class ,scout and ,first ,class ,scout degrees of the ,boy ,scouts which operate in this period4 ,the factors of the problem1 then1 to be considered in the method are3 ,first1 ,christian ,manhood2 second1 the fact that there are distinct and separate stages of growth in a boy's development1 each stage having its own well-defined steps of growth2 and third1 the selection of existing boy organization activities to meet the need and produce the aim or desired result4 ,by way of illustration1 let us consider a group of boys just past their twelfth year4 ,all their physical1 social1 mental1 and spiritual needs are to be met4 ,the boys are just adolescent and their outlook because of that is altruistic4 ,they have reached the ganging period1 and so must have some form of organization4 ,what organizations can be used to lead them into ,christian manhood between the twelfth and fifteenth year8 ,there are the ,knights of ,king ,arthur1 the ,boy ,scouts1 the ,junior ,brotherhood1 the ,christian ,endeavor1 and the ,sunday ,school ,bible ,class4 ,there are others--hosts of them--but these widely known forms will suit the purpose4 ,for physical purposes we have the ,scouts1 for social purposes the ,scouts1 ,knights1 and the ,bible ,class2 for mental purposes the ,knights1 and for spiritual purposes the ,knights1 ,brotherhood1 ,endeavor1 and the ,bible ,class4 ,to see a boy get his own full development under this plan he must needs belong to at least five organizations2 and the principle of association among boys is not gangs but the gang4 ,however1 much can be done under difficulties4 ,the ,scouts will afford free1 physical1 outdoor expression1 without which there is no boy4 ,the ,knights will furnish mental ideals and objectives2 for the ,knights of ,king ,arthur is the mental expression of the ,boy ,scouts and the ,boy ,scouts is the physical expression of the ,knights of ,king ,arthur4 ,both of them1 with the ,bible ,class group1 will furnish social stimulus and the ,bible study1 and the more or less valuable devotional expression of the ,endeavor and ,brotherhood will take care of the spiritual4 ,in using an organization1 a clearly defined idea of the end sought should always be in view4 ,efficiency ,in all church work for boys1 efficiency should be sought4 ,it should also be kept in mind that it is church work for boys4 ,in all our discussion two things must seem striking3 first1 that we must at present use at least five organizations to meet the boy need1 five gangs1 when the principle of boy association is not gangs but the gang2 and second1 that all of these organizations1 with the exception of the ,bible ,class1 have their headquarters outside of the local church itself4 ,the headquarters are in ,new ,york1 ,detroit1 ,boston1 ,cincinnati1 ,baltimore1 etc41 while the work they seek to do is the local church's business4 ,further1 they have all had their birth in the misunderstanding of the church as to her mission for boys4 ,the church1 however1 has now a new vision of her mission1 as manifested by her patience and forbearance in trying out and listening to the voices of all these organizations that would help her from the outside4 ,the church is awake to the need1 but is confused in the method1 because she recognizes that no single organization that knocks at her door is sufficient and complete enough for her task4 ,she needs all their methods without their organization4 ,she cannot assume their organization1 because it is not of her own flesh and blood4 ,a boy's allegiance cannot be split up among gangs4 ,he must be a member of the gang4 ,one organization is all that he can comprehend with loyalty at one time4 ,this organization must be also of the local church4 ,but the church needs no new organization4 ,all she needs is activities suitable to the boy's growth4 ,she has an organization that the boy cannot outgrow--the ,organized ,bible ,class4 ,at fifteen he is through with the ,scouts and the ,knights1 and at eighteen or twenty he is through with fraternities and orders1 or ought to be2 for1 if a boy be not starved for these things when a boy1 he will outgrow them as he outgrows a suit of clothes4 ,graduation from these orders very often means graduation from the ,sunday school and church2 for no single organization can be conceived1 that with ritual and form can bind together the activities of twelve to fifteen1 fifteen to twenty1 and twenty to thirty4 ,however1 there can be no graduation from the ,organized ,bible ,class1 flesh of the church's flesh1 blood of her blood1 muscle of her muscle2 and the ,organized ,bible ,class is flexible enough for an adjustment to every stage of boy development1 and to all its physical1 social1 mental and spiritual needs4 ,the organized class between twelve and fifteen can include all the interests of those years1 and when the next stage of growth is on1 can discard these for the interests that lie between fifteen and twenty1 and so on to the end4 ,the ,organized ,bible ,class is simple in organization1 is modern and elastic1 affords the minimum of organization and the maximum of efficiency1 is big enough to meet all the boy's needs1 and is the church's own4 ,into it can be poured all the activities of all the organizations ever known1 and it can be made the richest and best adapted organization to the boy life of the ,church that has yet been conceived4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,method ,,and ,,organization ,alexander 7,editor74--,boy ,training 7,chapter on ,auxiliary ,organizations7 74#ge74 --,sunday ,school and the ,teens 7,chapter on ,organizations7 7#a4jj74 ,foster4--,the ,boy and the ,church 7,chapter on ,books and ,notes7 74#ge74 ,,viii ,,the ,,organized ,,sunday ,,school ,,bible ,,class#b ,when all the plans and methods of work are reduced to a minimum1 there is but one4 ,this finds expression in the gang or club life4 ,boys get together in a group1 elect their own officers and select a man who is to be their adviser4 ,then they go out and do the thing they have organized for in what is to them the simplest and best-known way4 ,it may be stamp collecting1 or star studying1 woodcraft1 or camping1 or the hundred and one other forms of boy activity which are so common today4 ,seventy-five per cent4 of these clubs are formed solely for the purpose of physical expression in athletics4 ,hundreds of such clubs exist today to meet the various needs of the growing boy4 ,the ,knights of ,king ,arthur1 the ,boy ,scouts1 the ,woodcraft ,indians1 the ,sons of ,daniel ,boone1 the ,knights of the ,holy ,grail1 the ,knights of ,st4 ,paul1 and dozens of others have been conceived and born for the purpose of meeting the needs of boys1 as the founders of the organizations saw them4 ,in harmony with all the other boys' organizations1 and yet bigger than all of them put together1 is the ,sunday school organization for boys--the ,organized ,bible ,class4 ,it is purely and simply a church organization1 and owes no allegiance to any organization outside of the local church4 ,it is also a distinct part of the church life and an organic part of the ,sunday school1 which is large enough to hold the boy's interest from the cradle roll to the grave4 ,the other organizations serve their day in the life of the boy and cease to be4 ,it is difficult1 almost an impossibility1 to get normal boys1 after fifteen years of age1 to take much interest in the so-called boys' organizations1 because their lives have outgrown these activities and there is no longer any need of them4 ,the ,organized ,bible ,class presents a method that can never be outgrown4 ,it also has at its heart ,bible study1 which is the one essential to permanence in any work with boys4 ,class ,organization ,objective4--,class organization is of no value unless the class has definite objectives4 ,the members should be made to feel that there is some great purpose in the organization4 ,the objectives for a teen age class should be3 #a4 ,the winning of the class members to personal allegiance to ,jesus ,christ as ,saviour and ,lord2 and #b4 ,the proper expression of the ,christian life in service for others in the name and spirit of the ,christ4 ,thus one strengthens one's self and helps others4 ,why ,organize4--7a7 ,it is natural for a boy to want to get into an organization of some kind4 ,seventy-five per cent4 of the boys of a community are1 or have been1 connected with some sort of organization4 ,these organizations1 rightly controlled1 and dominated by strong ,christian leadership1 can be made a power for good in the community and in the lives of their members4 ,it matters not what the organization may be connected with1 it is the activities that appeal4 ,why should not the ,sunday school take advantage of this natural1 ,god-given instinct1 to plan such organization in the church as will present the strongest claim for the loyalty of the boys in the teen age8 7b7 ,the organization is in the hands of the members of the class1 activities are planned by them1 and discipline1 when necessary1 is administered by them4 ,the position of the teacher is thereby strengthened4 ,instead of being an autocrat or czar in dealing with the class1 the function is that of counsellor and friend4 7c7 ,it develops initiative1 self-reliance1 self-control1 and the ability to do things2 character is thereby developed1 and strong ,christian character is what the church needs today4 7d7 ,the ,organized ,boys' ,bible ,classes will1 without a doubt1 become as universal in their scope as ,organized ,adult ,bible ,classes4 ,to be affiliated with the biggest teen age organization in the world will1 in itself1 appeal to every teen age boy and girl4 7e7 ,organization increases class spirit4 ,the organized class becomes our class1 not the teacher's class4 ,the unorganized class suffers greatly if the teacher is removed1 and sometimes is obliged to disband4 ,the organized class helps to secure another teacher1 and1 in the interim1 maintains its class work and is thus kept together4 ,though much depends upon the teacher1 the permanency of the class should not rest wholly upon his personality and work4 ,changes must necessarily come4 7f7 ,organization enables the class to do things4 ,the appointment of special committees1 the assignment of definite work to each committee1 and the introduction of various class activities does much toward realizing the ideal--an adequate ,christian service for every member4 ,large and permanent success is assured when this ideal is attained4 ,standard of ,organization #a4 ,the class shall have at least five officers3 ,president1 ,vice-,president1 ,secretary1 ,treasurer1 and ,teacher4 ,it shall also have as many committees as necessary to carry on its work4 #b4 ,the class shall be definitely connected with a ,sunday school4 #c4 ,a ,sunday ,bible session and1 if practicable1 week-day session or activities4 #d4 ,the age limits of the class shall be not less than thirteen or more than twenty years4 ,how to ,organize ,secure ,secondary ,division ,leaflet ,no4 #b1 of the ,international ,sunday ,school ,association4 ,study this leaflet carefully1 noting especially the standard of organization and the suggestive constitution1 which seek to define an organized class4 ,distribute leaflets among those whom you wish to interest and enlist4 ,organization should not be forced on the class4 ,do not go at it as though you were laying a trap4 ,observe the following3 7a7 ,think it through yourself2 then put yourself in the pupil's place and ask yourself the question1 ,how would ,i like to have this presented to me8 ,this will give you the viewpoint of your class1 and you are then ready to go ahead4 ,you must believe in it thoroughly1 enthusiastically1 before you can hope for the interest and enthusiasm of your class4 7b7 ,next1 get two or three of your key pupils1 and talk it over with them4 ,show them the possibilities of the organization1 emphasizing the physical1 mental1 social and spiritual activities4 7c7 ,follow this with a special meeting of the class1 to be held either at the home of the teacher or one of the class4 7d7 ,make the organization genuine1 and show that you mean business4 ,the teen age abhors shams1 and will readily detect any weak spots in the organization4 ,impress upon them the necessity of selecting capable officers4 ,adopt the class constitution1 which follows1 select class name and motto1 and elect the officers4 7e7 ,then let the officers conduct the meetings1 both in the ,sunday and the mid-week sessions4 ,the teacher is one of the class and is the director of activities2 the officers and committeemen do the work4 7f7 ,in all things keep in close touch with the general superintendent and the departmental superintendent of the school4 ,seek the strength that comes from advice and cooperation4 ,constitution ,a class constitution is not essential1 but is often helpful4 ,the following form of constitution is merely suggestive and may be changed to conform to the needs of the class4 ,article ,i--,name4 ,our class shall be known as and shall be connected with1 and form a part of1 the ,sunday school of4 ,article ,,ii--,object4 ,the object of the class shall be the training of ,christian character for ,christian service in the extension of ,christ's ,kingdom by means of ,bible study1 through-the-week activities1 mutual helpfulness1 and social fellowship1 in addition to the winning of its members' allegiance to ,christ as ,saviour and ,lord4 ,article ,,iii--,class ,spirit4 ,to create an individuality in class spirit1 loyalty and enthusiasm1 the class shall have an emblem1 a motto and a color4 ,it may also have a flower1 a song1 a yell1 a whistle1 or such other additions as may seem wise4 ,article ,,iv--,membership4 ,any boy may become a member of this class on invitation of the class4 ,article ,v--,officers4 ,the class officers may include the following3 ,teacher1 ,president1 ,vice-,president1 ,secretary and ,treasurer4 ,the officers shall be elected by ballot semiannually by the class1 and no officer shall serve in the same position more than two terms in succession1 except the teacher1 whose election or appointment is governed by the church or ,sunday school4 ,the teacher may be elected by the class from a list provided by the church authorities4 ,article ,,vi--,committees ,there shall be as many committees in the class as necessary1 such as ,social1 ,literary1 ,music1 ,athletic1 etc4 ,article ,,vii--,meetings4 ,the class shall meet at o'clock each ,sunday for its regular ,bible study session4 ,week-day meetings may be held each week4 ,special meetings may be called at any time by the president1 and the presence of one-fourth of the enrolled membership shall be necessary for the transaction of class business4 ,article ,,viii--,duties of ,officers and ,committees4 ,sec4 #a4 ,the teacher shall teach the lesson1 shall be an ex officio member of all committees1 and shall work cooperatively with the president in promoting the interests of the class4 ,sec4 #b4 ,the president shall preside at meetings of the class1 shall have general supervision over the officers1 and shall see that the work of the class is pushed in accordance with its object4 ,sec4 #c4 ,the vice-president shall take the president's place in case of absence1 and shall render such assistance to the president as may be required of him4 ,sec4 #d4 ,the secretary shall make class announcements1 keep minutes of all meetings1 write to absent members1 and report any information to the teacher which may be desired4 ,sec4 #e4 ,the duty of committees shall be defined by the activity each carries on1 said committee being responsible to the class for the work entrusted to it4 ,article ,,ix--,by-,laws4 ,from time to time the class may amend this constitution and pass such by-laws as seem wise in carrying forward the work of the class4 ,a careful study of the ,organized ,class diagram on another page 7#hf7 will furnish the teacher with a workable plan4 ,in all cases it should be adapted to local conditions4 ,mid-week activities should be planned as a part of the weekly program1 keeping in mind the fourfold life of the pupil4 ,the planning of these activities should be left almost entirely to the class2 any plans that the teacher may have should be turned over to the class by way of suggestion4 ,place the responsibility on the members of the class1 and once they have caught the idea there will be no lack of suggestions on their part4 ,,the ,,teen ,,age ,,boys' ,,organized ,,class ,,organization ---------------------------- ,,officers ,,committees ,president ,a ,athletic ,vice-,president ,a ,social ,secretary ,a ,membership#c ,treasurer ,b ,program#d ,teacher ,b ,etc4 ,,class ,,meeting ------------------------------ ,,sunday ,,session ,,through-,,the-,,week ,,session ,opening ,services ,class ,lesson ,,determined ,,by ,,activity ,discussion of ,through-the-,week ,activities ,,activity ,,committee ,,in ,,charge ,closing ,services ,,range ,,of ,,class ,,activities ---------------------------------------- ---- ,,physical ,,mental ,,social ,,spiritual ,,service ,a ,older ,boy ,b ,adult ,prepared by ,john ,l4 ,alexander1 ,superintendent ,secondary ,division ,international ,sunday ,school ,association4 ,the class session on ,sunday should be in charge of the president of the class4 ,the opening services may consist of a short prayer by the teacher or pupil volunteering2 reading of brief minutes1 covering the mid-week activities and emphasizing the important points brought out by the teacher in the lesson of the previous ,sunday2 collection and other business4 ,the president then turns the class over to the teacher for the teaching of the lesson4 ,the closing services of the class should by all means be observed4 ,committees4--,short-term committees are the more effective1 covering the activities when planned4 ,the short-term committee plan1 however1 need not be suggested to the class until it discovers that the long-term or standing committee has failed4 ,they will doubtless be the first to suggest the new plan4 ,class ,grouping and ,size ,it should be sane and natural and not too large4 ,this should be specially borne in mind in working with boys2 a gang usually consists of from seven to fourteen4 ,the girls' class is different1 and the size of the group does not materially matter4 ,the class1 however1 should not be so unwieldy as to make it impossible for the teacher to give personal attention to each individual4 ,it is impossible to get the best results when pupils of twelve and eighteen are members of the same class1 for they are living in two different worlds of thought4 ,a teacher cannot hope to hold together a group in which there is such disparity of age4 ,a working basis is 7#ac-ad71 7#ae-ag71 7#ah-bj74 ,this is but a foundation on which to work4 ,the correct grouping should be on a physiological basis instead of chronological4 ,a pupil ofttimes will not fit into a group of his or her own age2 physiologically1 they may be a year or two in advance of the rest of the class1 and are mingling through the week with an older group4 ,adjustments in such cases should be made so that the pupil is permitted to find his or her natural grouping4 ,like water1 they will find their level4 ,under no ordinary circumstances should classes be mixed 7boys and girls together74 ,class ,names and ,mottoes ,names4--,a class name will help to create a strong and healthy class spirit1 and is valuable as a means of advertising the class and its work4 ,some prefer to take class numbers or letters1 thus recognizing their relationship to the ,sunday school2 others select names from the ,bible to indicate their relation to ,bible study2 others choose names that indicate some kind of ,christian service1 thus committing the class to ,christian work2 while others take names of heroes or use ,greek letters4 ,mottoes4--,a motto is perhaps more important than a name4 ,it will help to place and keep before the class a definite purpose4 ,if often repeated it will aid in producing in the class the spirit expressed in the motto4 ,the following well-known mottoes may be suggestive3 ,we're in the ,king's ,business--,we ,do ,things--,the ,world for ,christ--,we ,mean ,business--,the ,other ,fellow--,every ,man ,up--,quit ,you ,like ,men4 ,international ,teen ,age ,certificate of ,recognition ,the ,international ,sunday ,school ,association1 through its ,secondary ,division1 issues a certificate1 or charter of recognition4 ,this certificate represents a minimum standard of organization for classes1 which is considered practical for scholars of these ages4 ,it gives the class the recognition of the ,international1 ,state or ,provincial ,associations2 and to the schools whose denominations add their seal and signature1 or provide a joint certificate1 denominational recognition as well4 ,the certificate of the ,secondary ,division is beautifully lithographed1 and is suitable for framing for the class room4 ,for classes of the ,intermediate age 7#ac-af years7 an ,intermediate seal is affixed1 and a ,senior 7#ag-bj years7 or ,adult seal may be added upon the advance of the class to these departments4 ,it can be secured by filling out the application blank at the end of this leaflet1 and by sending the same1 together with twenty-five cents to cover the cost1 to your ,state or ,provincial ,association1 or ,denominational headquarters4 ,seals may be secured from the same sources4 ,this certificate and registration links the class to the ,sunday school teen age brotherhood throughout the world4 ,illustration3 ,emblem ,the royal blue and white button 7white center with blue rim7 has been adopted for both the ,intermediate 7#ac-af years7 and ,senior 7#ag-bj years7 ,departments1 the blue indicating loyalty and the white purity4 ,application ,blank for ,international ,certificate of ,recognition ,secondary ,division ,years #ac-bj4 ,name of ,class ,name of ,sunday ,school ,name of ,denomination ,town or ,city ,county ,state or ,province ,has the class the following officers3 ,president1 ,vice-,president1 ,secretary and ,treasurer8 ,is the class of intermediate age 7#ac-af71 or senior age 7#ag-bj78 ,what is the average age of the members of your class8 ,name of ,class ,teacher ,post-office address ,name of ,class ,president ,post-office address ,does the class use the ,secondary ,division ,emblem8 ,class motto ,date of organization ,present ,membership ,date of ,application #ai ,filled out by3 ,name ,post-office address ,kindly fill out this blank carefully4 ,detach and send same with twenty-five cents to your ,state ,sunday ,school ,association office4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,the ,,organized ,,class ,international ,leaflets on ,secondary ,adult ,classes 7,free74 ,pearce4--,the ,adult ,bible ,class 74#be74 ,,ix ,,bible ,,study ,,for ,,boys ,the study of the ,bible that contributes to the boy's education is now generally accepted to be that which is adjusted to the known characteristics of boys4 ,at one time1 not so very far distant1 all ,scripture was supposed to be good for a boy's moral and spiritual character-building4 ,one part of the ,bible was held to be as good as any other1 the important thing necessary being to get the ,bible into the life of the boy1 somehow4 ,it did not matter much whether the boy understood all he read and was told1 or not4 ,it would prepare him for some future crisis and enable him some time to better meet a possible temptation4 ,it was to be a sort of preventive application1 very much as vaccination now is administered to ward off dreaded disease4 ,and1 to tell the exact truth1 it often did1 and the treatment proved more efficacious than some of the present-day ,bible study methods1 where mere knowledge is attempted4 ,the mistake was the misunderstanding 7for misunderstanding it was1 and not a desire to merely plague the boy7 of the fact that boys were developing creatures1 spiritually as well as physically1 and that ,bible study could be made pleasant as well as profitable4 ,it was a mistake due to a purely mature point of view and a failure to know that the boy mind needed different treatment from that of the adult4 ,lately we have discovered1 thanks to general education1 that a boy's ,bible study can be adapted to a specific purpose1 and to a present1 clear1 distinct and practical need of boy life4 ,a recent writer has said1 ,we have come to a fairly definite understanding that we must take the boy as he is2 we must inquire into his needs2 we must consider the conditions of his religious development4 ,we must ask1 then1 of the ,bible1 how far it can be effective to meet these needs and this development4 ,the fixed factor is the boy1 not the ,book4 ,at the same time1 we are not obliged to begin always as if the ,bible were a new thing in the world1 and its claim to value as religious material were to be considered afresh4 ,we know that the ,bible has proved itself good4 ,we know that it has been effective in the life of boys4 ,the question1 then1 really before us is1 ,what parts of the ,bible are really desirable for the boy1 and how are they to be presented so as to be most useful8 ,this1 in other words1 is ,graded ,bible ,study1 and1 possibly1 were we to give a ,bible to the boy and induce him to read it1 the parts which he would read would help us a lot in determining the material that would challenge his interest4 ,the parts he skipped over would also fix our problem for us4 ,the writer had a unique experience in his boyhood4 ,his folks were members and officers of a church where long doctrinal sermons were the rule4 ,these had little interest for the growing boy1 but parental persuasion kept him in the pew for hours at a stretch4 ,the boy1 under these circumstances1 had to do something in self-preservation1 so he spent the long hours in reading the ,bible4 ,the stories of the ,patriarchs1 the ,judges1 the ,kings1 and the ,acts were his peculiar delight4 ,the sermon period ceased to be tiresome and often was not long enough4 ,he never read ,leviticus1 or the ,prophets1 or the ,gospels1 or the ,epistles1 however4 ,they had no meaning for him4 ,as well as he can now remember1 between his ninth and twelfth years1 his favorite ,scripture was the ,patriarchs and ,judges4 ,between his twelfth and sixteenth years he was passionately fond of the ,kings and the ,acts4 ,after that he began to feel interested in the ,gospels4 ,he was pretty well grown up before he cared either for the ,prophets or the ,epistles2 they were too abstract for him4 ,the writer's experience corresponds fairly well with the growing modern usage in ,bible study with boys4 ,the philosophy underlying ,graded ,bible ,study is merely to meet the present spiritual needs1 as indexed by the characteristics of the period of his development4 ,at present there are many schemes of ,graded ,bible ,study for boys on the market4 ,some of it has been prepared to meet a theory of religious education4 ,the ,university of ,chicago ,series of textbooks and the ,bible ,study ,union 7,blakeslee7 ,lessons are examples of this trend4 ,both of them are exceptionally good4 ,other courses have sprung up1 being written and used among boys here and there1 and later worked together into a ,bible study scheme4 ,the ,boys' ,bible ,study ,courses of the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association are recognized as such4 ,then there is the present system of ,graded ,bible ,study of the ,international ,sunday ,school ,association4 ,fifteen complete years of ,graded ,bible ,study1 from the fourth to the eighteenth year1 may now be used in the ,sunday school4 ,great care has been exercised in the selection of the material with the aim of fixing definite ideals of ,christian life and service4 ,these courses are divided as follows3 ,possible ,present ,use of the ,graded ,lessons ,departments ,years ,courses of ,study ,beginners ,four ,five ,a ,unit of two years4 ,six ,primary ,seven ,a ,unit of three years4 ,eight ,nine ,lower--,a ,unit of two ,ten years4 ,junior ,eleven ,upper--,a ,unit of two ,twelve years4 ,thirteen ,lower--,a ,unit of two ,fourteen years4 ,intermediate ,fifteen ,upper--,a ,unit of two ,sixteen years4 ,seventeen ,a ,unit of one year4 ,senior ,eighteen ,a ,unit of two years4 ,nineteen ,twenty ,lesson ,committee ,leaflet ,no4 #b1 ,international ,sunday ,school ,association4 ,,the ,,organization ,,of ,,the ,,pupils ,,of ,a ,,sunday ,,school1 ,,and ,,character ,,of ,,graded ,,lessons ,,for ,,each ,,department ,divisions ,departments ,age or ,grade ,themes of ,lessons _/ _/,four --#ast year --,god the ,heavenly ,father1 ,,beginners _/ our ,provider and ,protector4 ,five --#b;d year --,thanksgiving1 prayer1 helping ,e others4 ,l _/,six --#ast year --,god's power1 love and care1 ,e awakening child's love1 trust ,m and confidence4 ,e ,seven --#b;d year --,how to show love1 trust and ,n ,,primary _/ obedience1 in ,jesus' love and ,t work for men2 how to do ,god's ,a will4 ,r ,eight --#c;d year --,people who choose to do ,god's ,y _/ will2 how ,jesus revealed the ,father's love and will4 _/,nine --#ast year --,stories of beginnings1 three patriarchs1 ,joseph1 ,moses and ,jesus4 ,ten --#b;d year --,conquest of ,canaan1 stories of ,new ,testament1 life and ,,junior _/ followers of ,jesus4 ,eleven --#c;d year --,three ,kings of ,israel1 divided kingdom1 exile and return1 introduction to ,new ,testament4 ,twelve --#dth year --,gospel of ,mark1 studies in ,acts1 winning others to ,god1 ,bible the ,word of ,god4 _/ _/ _/,thirteen --#ast year--,biog4 studies in ,old ,testament1 religious leaders ,lower _/ in ,n4,a4 salvation and service ,s ,fourteen --#b;d year--,biog4 studies in ,new ,e ,,interme- _/ ,testament1 ,christian leaders ,c ,,diate after ,new ,testament times4 ,o _/,fifteen --#c;d year--,life of the ,man ,n ,upper _/ ,christ ,jesus4 ,d _/ ,sixteen --#dth year--,studies in ,christian ,a living4 ,r _/,seventeen--#ast year --,world as a field for ,christian ,y service2 problems of youth in social life2 ,ruth2 ,james4 ,eighteen --#b;d year --,religious history and ,,senior _/ literature of the ,hebrew people--,old ,testament4 ,nineteen --#c;d year --,religious history and literature of the ,new ,testament4 ,twenty --#dth year -- ,,adult ,grading and ,classification and ,courses now being studied by a ,special ,committee of the ,international ,association4 ,prepared by ,professor ,ira ,m4 ,price1 ,secretary ,international ,sunday ,school ,association ,lesson ,committee4 ,these ,international ,lessons are undoubtedly the best on the market at the present time1 although they are very far from being perfect4 ,gradual changes1 coming from experience in the local ,sunday school1 will modify them considerably in the next few years1 and they may actually prove to be forerunners for an almost entirely new series of courses and lessons4 ,they have been generously received by the eager workers in the local ,sunday school1 as an advance on the ,uniform ,lessons1 and where they are now being tried satisfaction1 for the most part1 is being evinced4 ,a great deal of dissatisfaction has been found with the treatment of these ,graded ,lessons in some quarters1 the ,lesson ,helps being too mature for teen age boys4 ,however1 in appraising the value of these ,graded ,lessons1 two things should be kept in mind1 viz43 the selection of the ,lesson ,material1 and the ,lesson ,help ,treatment of the selected material4 ,opposition to the lessons should never be taken because of the ,lesson ,helps4 ,these can be remedied by the denominational publishing houses1 if their attention is called to the weakness or mistake of treatment1 and the teen age teacher can give great assistance to the denominational editors by counseling with them4 ,here and there the suggestion has sprung up for a ,graded ,uniform ,lesson4 ,that is precisely what the treatment of the ,uniform ,lesson was for a number of years1 and is yet4 ,it is not adaptation of treatment that is needed1 but adaptation of material that is demanded--courses of study that fit the religious1 spiritual need of the various stages of development4 ,this much is positively settled4 ,there is1 however1 some good reason and very strong ground for uniform cycles1 based on seasonable development rather than on chronological years and intellectual rating4 ,in some places the present ,elementary ,international ,graded ,lessons are being used just this way1 although they do not yield themselves readily to this usage4 ,cycles of four courses for the three main divisions of boyhood1 nine to twelve years1 thirteen to sixteen years1 and seventeen to twenty years1 four courses to each period1 based on the general1 seasonable development of each period1 have much in their favor4 ,thus we might have four courses built on ,individual ,heroism1 four on ,altruistic ,heroism1 and four on the ,social ,adaptation which marks the reflective period between seventeen and twenty4 ,boys do not mature by years4 ,growth and development is a jump from plateau to plateau4 ,this would fit in also with the general objective of the ,sunday school1 and is not the mere impartation of information1 but the letting loose of moral and religious values in life4 ,the latter is produced more by contact of personality with personality than by intellectual processes4 ,should such a plan ever be adopted the courses of study must be pedagogically arranged and in keeping with the best findings of psychological usage4 ,at any rate1 whatever be the course of study1 the teen age boy needs to have his life and activity center about the dynamics of the ,bible4 ,the ,art of ,living ,well can only be learned out of the textbook of the experience of the ages4 ,the ordinary tasks and interests of boys1 as well as daily conduct1 can be made great channels for life's best achievement only in proportion to the dynamic throb of the ,word that has inspired men to heroism amid the commonplace and the uncommon1 to self-sacrifice and peace4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,bible ,,study ,alexander4--,sunday ,school and the ,teens 7#a4jj74 ,horne4--,leadership of ,bible ,study ,groups 74#ej74 ,starbuck4--,should the ,impartation of ,knowledge ,be a ,function of the ,sunday ,school8 74#fe74 ,use of the ,bible ,among ,schoolboys 74#fj74 ,winchester4--,the ,international ,graded ,sunday ,school ,lessons 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiab7 74#bj74 ,x ,,through-,,the-,,week ,,activities ,,for ,,boys' ,,organized ,,classes#e ,the ,sunday school has at last begun to realize that a boy demands more than spiritual activity to round out his life into symmetrical development4 ,it also comprehends that religion is more than a set of beliefs--that religion is a life at work among its fellows4 ,for to me to live is ,christ--to live1 play1 love1 and work4 ,because of these two reasons1 the ,sunday school assumes its obligation to direct and foster the through-the-week life of its boys1 as well as the ,bible period of the ,sunday session of the school4 ,contact4--,of course1 for a long time the leaders and teachers of ,boys' ,organized ,bible ,classes have felt the need of a through-the-week contact with the members of the class4 ,the school period of one hour or an hour and a half has been found by most teachers to be too meager for a healthy class life4 ,then1 too1 most teachers are realizing that really to touch the life of the boy more contact than the teaching of the ,bible lesson is necessary4 ,some teachers are taking an interest in the school or working conditions of the teen boy4 ,quite a few teachers are now deeply interested in the leisure time of their pupils1 and have begun to direct the physical1 social and mental activities of the teen years1 as well as the spiritual4 ,they have realized that the teen age is not made up of disjointed and disconnected activities1 but is in a continual process of development1 and that its growth is normally symmetrical and its activities intertwined4 ,the ,organized ,class4--,the great majority of ,sunday school teachers have no desire to try any auxiliary organization in combination with their classes4 ,they are somewhat dubious of the machinery1 ritual1 etc41 which are concomitants of these schemes4 ,again and again they have voiced a demand1 not for new organizations1 but for activities to deepen interest in the organization that the teacher understands--the ,bible ,class4 ,the ,organized ,boys' ,bible ,classes operate in the ,secondary ,division or teen years of the ,sunday school1 from #ac to #bj1 and include both the younger and older boys4 ,the earlier and later adolescent periods are separate and distinct groups4 ,plans and activities that have proven successful with one group will prove to be ineffectual with the other4 ,all things should be planned to meet the development of the group4 ,in the following list of activities the group interests have not been separated as they intermingle with each other4 ,if the class be allowed to choose and voice its sentiment1 the right activity will always be selected4 ,besides1 if the members make their own choice1 there can be little complaint at results1 and they will work harder for the success of their own plans4 ,all this develops character1 which is one of the real reasons for these through-the-week activities4 ,activities for ,teen ,boys' ,organized ,bible ,classes ,physical ,,athletics ,free ,hand and ,calisthenic ,drills ,fire1 ,ambulance1 ,life-saving ,drills ,single ,stick and ,foil1 ,boxing ,swimming ,water ,polo ,water ,sports ,jumping and ,running ,shot ,put ,discus ,throwing ,baseball1 ,indoor and ,outdoor ,basket-ball ,football ,volleyball ,la ,crosse1 ,bowling ,tennis ,,games ,observation1 ,agility1 ,strength1 ,fun--,indoor and ,outdoor ,quoits ,,signaling ,semaphore ,wig ,wag ,heliograph ,wireless ,,woodcraft ,tracking and ,trailing ,bird1 ,plant1 ,tree1 ,grass and ,flower ,lore ,star1 ,wind and ,water ,knowledge ,stalking with ,camera ,wild ,life ,,camping ,tent and ,tepee ,making ,moccasin ,making ,huts1 ,lean-to1 ,shacks ,grass ,mat ,weaving ,map ,making ,knot ,tying ,fire ,lighting ,boat ,management ,boat and ,canoe ,building ,canoeing ,fishing ,camp ,cooking ,week-end ,camps ,indian ,camps ,over-night ,camps ,hikes1 ,tramps1 ,walks1 ,gypsy and ,hobo ,hill ,climbing ,,hygiene ,care of body1 eyes1 nails1 teeth1 etc4 ,laws of recreation1 ,hiking1 etc4 ,kite ,making and ,flying ,gliding and ,aeroplaning ,circus ,stunts ,sport ,carnival ,corn1 ,apple1 ,clam ,roasts1 etc4 ,moonlight ,trips1 ,rides1 etc4 ,cycling ,skating ,hockey ,skiing ,social ,home ,socials3 ,stag ,ladles' ,nights ,parents' ,nights ,entertainments3 ,playets ,minstrel ,show ,lincoln ,night ,washington ,night ,stunts and ,skits ,mock ,trial ,declamation or ,oratorical ,contest ,glee ,concert ,game ,tournaments3 ,checkers ,caroms ,chess ,ping-,pong ,bowling ,hayseed ,carnival ,parlor ,magic ,athletic ,stunts ,independence ,day ,political ,campaign ,town ,meeting ,sex ,instruction ,practical ,citizenship ,exhibition3 ,pet ,show ,mandolin and ,guitar ,fests ,fireside and ,joke ,nights ,spelling ,bee ,history ,bee ,geography ,quiz ,hallowe'en ,night ,pop-corn ,festival ,masked ,partners ,library ,party ,supper or ,banquet ,father and ,son ,spread ,class ,guest of ,class ,calendar ,exhibit ,coin ,exhibit ,stamp ,exhibit ,arts and ,crafts ,photographs ,wild ,flower ,tree and ,plant ,sea ,shell ,post-cards ,social ,sing3 ,popular ,songs ,old ,familiar ,songs ,school ,songs ,patriotic ,hymns ,church ,music ,mental ,practical ,talks3 ,elementary ,mechanics ,applied ,electricity ,wireless ,chemical ,analysis ,natural ,science ,mineralogy ,nature ,study ,first ,aid ,thrift and ,property ,use of ,library ,life-work ,talks3 ,ministry ,law ,medicine ,teaching ,business ,the ,trades3 ,blacksmith ,carpenter ,plumbing ,printing ,painting ,bricklaying ,masonry ,farming ,seamanship ,architecture ,art ,chemistry ,forestry ,engineering3 ,mechanical ,electrical ,surveying ,citizenship3 ,the ,township or ,municipality--,town ,meetings ,select and ,common ,councils ,commission ,government ,the ,state--,the ,legislature ,the ,courts ,the ,governor's ,staff ,literary ,stunts3 ,declaiming ,extemporaneous ,speech ,editing ,paper ,educational ,trips3 ,community ,visitation--,shops and ,factories ,fire ,houses ,city or ,community ,history ,public ,buildings ,public ,utilities1 etc4 ,neighborhood ,visitation--,famous ,places ,great ,industries ,coal ,mines1 etc4 ,arts and ,crafts3 ,drawing ,bent ,iron ,work ,clay ,modeling ,basket ,making ,hammock ,weaving1 etc4 ,stamp ,collecting ,coin ,collecting ,sketch ,collecting ,kodaking and ,photographing ,debating ,reading ,night and ,courses ,discussions ,congress and ,senate ,poster ,making ,travel and ,science ,talks ,stereopticon ,moving ,pictures ,literary ,stunts--,essay ,writing and ,reading ,the ,nation--,congress ,army and ,navy ,civil ,service ,diplomatic and ,consular ,service ,duties of ,citizen--,elections ,jury ,service ,maintenance of ,law ,current ,topics ,spiritual ,graded ,bible ,study ,daily ,readings ,systematic ,instruction3 ,church ,membership ,benevolences ,missionary ,operations ,supplemental ,talks3 ,general ,church ,history ,denominational ,history ,local ,church ,history ,church ,organization3 ,denominational ,local ,church ,sunday ,school ,auxiliary ,societies ,teacher ,training ,class ,cooperation in ,church ,activity ,personal ,evangelism ,directed ,reading ,,note3 ,of course all the activities enumerated in this leaflet are ,spiritual4 ,this list merely emphasizes a few activities usually designated spiritual4 ,service ,activities ,christ challenged men to self-sacrifice4 ,he said3 ,he that would be greatest among you let him be the servant of all4 ,in this way adolescent boys must be challenged to lives of unselfish1 altruistic1 ,christ-like service4 ,there is no other test for the teacher4 ,it is his business to get teen age boys to serve4 ,this the boy does1 first by the desire to help another1 then by right living1 doing right for the sake of right2 then by religious belief1 which forms a cable to bind him back in simple faith on ,god1 until he comes face to face with the ,master of men1 living right1 doing right1 thinking right1 loving right1 serving right1 with all his life1 because of his love for ,christ4 ,physical ,service-- ,organize and manage ,boys' ,baseball ,nine4 ,organize and manage ,boys' ,football ,eleven4 ,organize and manage ,boys' ,basket-ball ,five4 ,organize and manage ,boys' ,track ,team4 ,organize and manage ,boys' ,tennis ,tournaments4 ,coach younger boys in baseball4 ,coach younger boys in basket-ball4 ,coach younger boys in football4 ,coach younger boys in track athletics4 ,coach younger boys in tennis4 ,train younger boys in free-hand gymnastics4 ,train younger boys in life-saving drills4 ,assist in the running of inter-class athletics4 ,assist in the running of inter-school athletics4 ,lead gymnastic groups for the local school4 ,teach boys to swim4 ,assist in the running of aquatic meets4 ,leaders to encourage boys to get into athletics4 ,leaders to encourage boys in outdoor life4 ,leaders to encourage boys in camps and hikes4 ,leaders to encourage boys in woodcraft and scouting4 ,lead a gymnastic class in ,social ,settlement4 ,manage and coach athletics in ,social ,settlements4 ,assist as ,play ,leader in public playground4 ,organize1 manage1 and umpire ,boys' ,twilight ,ball ,league4 ,assist in sport carnival1 circus1 exhibits1 etc4 ,make a specialty of some form of camp life and teach it to boys4 ,social ,service-- ,become responsible for some boy4 ,plan a social time4 ,assist in planning an entertainment4 ,manage and coach musical activity4 ,teach games to backward boy4 ,assist in exhibit4 ,manage celebration4 ,promote class and school picnics4 ,secure home for boy from country4 ,take boys home for meal and social time4 ,promote musical and dramatic entertainments in settlements and orphanages4 ,visit sick boys in hospital4 ,arrange outings for needy mothers1 and children1 crippled and unfortunate boys4 ,automobile party for above4 ,play ,santa ,claus to poor families4 ,lead in keeping school and shop morally clean4 ,stand for clean thoughts1 clean speech1 clean sport4 ,seek leadership in public school clubs4 ,get interested in the boy life of the community4 ,help boys to find employment4 ,help enforce minor laws4 ,take an interest in the delinquent boy4 ,mental ,service4-- ,secure speakers for practical talks4 ,secure speakers for life-work talks4 ,lead in some mental activity4 ,promote an educational trip4 ,teach elementary arts and crafts4 ,conduct discussion of practical citizenship4 ,lead discussion of current topics4 ,lead younger boys as suggested under class activities--,mental4 ,teach ,english to foreign-speaking boys4 ,help wage-earning boys in elementary subjects1 arithmetic1 geography1 etc4 ,encourage grade boys to stay at school by coaching them in studies4 ,organize civic nights4 ,organize debates4 ,organize camera trips and photo study4 ,organize ,around-the-,fire and story nights4 ,lend books and guide the reading of boys4 ,edit class or school paper4 ,be foreman in printing room of above paper4 ,lead observation trips4 ,spiritual ,service4-- ,lead a ,boys' ,bible ,class4 ,take part in ,boys' ,conferences4 ,lead ,boys' ,meetings4 ,teach in extension ,sunday school4 ,serve on ,sunday school ,committees4 ,serve on ,church ,committees4 ,take an interest in every church organization4 ,promote systematic giving among boys4 ,lead a ,mission ,biography group4 ,lead an inner circle for prayer and ,bible study4 ,promote a census of non-church boys4 ,visit homes to invite fellows to church services4 ,join a training class4 ,lead campaign to increase ,sunday school membership4 ,promote inter-class relationships4 ,lead prayer groups or circles4 ,help in ,home ,department4 ,serve on ,reception ,committee at ,church or ,sunday school4 ,visit teen age ,shut-ins4 ,visit prisoners in jails4 ,do chores for sick folks4 ,help the aged to and from church services4 ,support a bed in a hospital4 ,the ,organized ,class1 its officers1 teacher and committees ought to find enough to do in the above long list4 ,the service activities have been listed without any idea of order or grading4 ,they are also for individuals and the class as a whole4 ,they are merely suggestive4 ,the class and the teacher should do things as a real part of the class life4 ,illustration ,,organized ,,class ,,activities ,,boys' ,,bible ,,classes ,,john ,l4 ,,alexander1 ,secondary ,division ,superintendent1 ,international ,sunday ,school ,association4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,through-,,the-,,week ,,activities ,adams4--,harper's ,outdoor ,book for ,boys 7#a4ge74 ,alexander4--,opportunity for ,extension of ,boys' ,work to a ,summer ,camp ,headquarters 7,american ,youth1 ,june1 #aiaa71 74#bj74 --,using ,nature's ,equipment--,god's ,out-of-,doors 7,american ,youth1 ,august1 #aiaa74 ,single copies out of print1 but bound volume for #aiaa may be obtained for #a4ej4 ,baker4--,indoor ,games and ,socials for ,boys 74#ge74 ,bond4--,scientific ,american ,boy at ,school 7#b4jj74 ,boys' ,handbook4 7,boy ,scouts of ,america7 74#cj74 ,brunner4--,tracks and ,tracking 74#gj74 ,burr4--,around the ,fire 74#ge74 ,camp4--,fishing ,kits and ,equipment 7#a4jj74 ,chesley4--,social ,activities for ,men and ,boys 7#a4jj74 ,clarke4--,astronomy from a ,dipper 74#fj74 ,corsan4--,at ,home in the ,water 74#ge74 ,cullens4--,reaching ,boys in ,small ,groups ,without ,equipment4 7,american ,youth1 ,february1 #aiaa47 74#bj74 ,dana4--,how to ,know the ,wild ,flowers 7#b4jj74 ,ditmars4--,the ,reptile ,book 7#d4jj74 ,fowler4--,starting in ,life 7#a4ej74 ,gibson4--,camping for ,boys 7#a4jj74 ,hasluck4--,bent ,iron ,work 74#ej74 --,clay ,modeling 74#ej74 --,photography 74#ej74 --,taxidermy 74#ej74 ,job4--,how to ,study ,birds 7#a4ej74 ,kenealy4--,boat ,sailing 7#a4jj74 ,lynch4--,american ,red ,cross ,first ,aid 7#a4jj74 ,parsons4--,how to ,know the ,ferns 7#a4ej74 ,pyle4--,story of ,king ,arthur and ,his ,knights 7#b4jj74 ,reed4--,bird ,guide4 ,in #b volumes4 7,vol ,i1 #a4jj1 ,vol4 ,,ii14#ge74 ,reed4--,flower ,guide 74#ej74 ,scout ,master's ,handbook 74#fj74 ,seton4--,book of ,woodcraft 7#a4ge74 ----,forester's ,manual 7#a4jj74 ,seven ,hundred ,things a ,bright ,boy ,can ,make 7#a4jj74 ,warman4--,physical ,training ,simplified 74#aj74 ,white4--,how to ,make ,baskets 7#a4jj74 ,,xi ,,the ,,boys' ,,department ,,in ,,the ,,sunday ,,school#f ,the ,boys' ,department in the ,sunday school is the grouping together of organized classes for the sake of unity and team work among the adolescent boys4 ,investigation proves that boys work together best when separated from men1 women and girls4 ,the ,boys' ,department contemplates a change from the usual organization in the ,sunday school1 in that the classes of boys between twelve and twenty years of age shall meet as a separate department of the school and have their own closing and opening services1 and the natural activities that would spring from a separate departmental life4 ,the underlying idea of the ,boys' ,department is to make the boys feel that they are a real part of the ,sunday school1 with a real purpose and actual activities4 ,where it has been tried1 not only has the attendance been increased1 but the enrollment in the department has been doubled and trebled4 ,the department also presents an opportunity of interesting boys in all forms of church life through the committee work which the department inaugurates4 ,the criticism that the ,boys' ,department may become a junior church is not borne out by the experience of the men who have tried it4 ,on the other hand1 the testimony is that the ,boys' ,department has increased the attendance at the morning and evening services of the church1 and has created a general interest and enthusiasm for the entire church life4 ,the ,boys' ,department is not urged on any basis of sex segregation1 although a good many educators are urging the segregation of the sexes in public education4 ,the underlying idea of the ,department is to group the boys together for team work and cooperation1 with a clear understanding of the gang principle which clamors for a club or organization that satisfies the social and fraternal need4 ,in fact1 it is the neglect of the latter by the ,sunday school that has brought the countless boys' organizations into existence1 and the well-conducted ,boys' ,department1 composed of well-organized1 self-governing ,bible classes1 will mean much to the general church life1 as well as to the simplifying of the present complicated scheme of work with boys4 ,nearly all of these auxiliary boy organizations have had their birth in the ,sunday school1 through the attempt to meet the boy need1 which the ,sunday school hitherto has not seen its way clear to do4 ,when departmental organization1 however1 is mentioned1 the genius of the individual leader and teacher must come into play4 ,the form of organization that may be successful with one leader may be a failure with another4 ,this chance does not lie or inhere in the organization1 but in the leader2 for the gifts1 talents1 equipment and adaptability of leaders vary just as much in ,sunday school organization as in the so-called secular forms of activity4 ,the best form of organization1 then1 as well as the most successful form for the local school1 is the kind that works4 ,three ,proved ,forms of ,departmental ,organization ,successful organization is the result of experiment4 ,none but the result of experiment has a right to be exploited4 ,sunday school teen age workers have tried1 proved and found satisfactory to their own liking1 by its results1 the following three kinds of teen age organization for the local school3 ,intermediate and ,senior ,departments ,the first of these is known as the ,intermediate and ,senior ,departmental organization4 ,its characteristic is the dividing of the teen age into two groups--,intermediate1 #ac to #af years1 and ,senior1 #ag to #bj years4 ,in some schools these departments meet separately for ,sunday school work4 ,wherever this is done there should be at least a superintendent and secretary for each4 ,while the general principles of the work are the same1 the problems and details of the classes are sometimes different4 ,the department superintendent should have special charge of his department and be responsible for building it up2 also for department teachers' meetings1 and should be personally acquainted with every scholar4 ,the department secretary should keep an alphabetical and birthday card index of scholars2 send welcome letters to new scholars2 provide the superintendent with a list of new scholars1 that they may be properly presented to the department2 send lists of absentees to teachers2 keep a record of correlated work accomplished by scholars1 quarterly lesson examinations1 etc4 ,teen ,age ,department ,in some schools the custom is to combine the ,intermediate and ,senior ,departments into one and to regard the years1 #ac to #bj1 as a series of eight grades4 ,several large schools are enthusiastic about this plan1 and as the worship requirements are much the same in the teen years the ,opening and ,closing ,services are acceptable to all grades4 ,this arrangement also is adaptable to limited equipment1 and affords a certain amount of hero-worship to the younger boy on account of the older boy being present4 ,it also offers the older boy a field of service through helpfulness to the younger members of the department4 ,in some schools this adaptation is known as the ,high ,school ,department4 ,boys' ,departments ,during the last few years separate ,boys' ,departments have come into favor with some ,sunday school workers4 ,these departments should not be attempted1 however1 until every class is organized 7see chapter on ,the ,organized ,sunday school ,bible ,class71 and there is efficient leadership to guide them4 ,a premature start may be ineffective and prejudice parents and boys4 ,the ,departmental ,committees ,executive ,committee ,the ,executive ,committee has direct oversight of the general affairs of the department and acts officially between sessions on matters needing prompt attention4 ,it is made up of the officers1 general superintendent of the school1 the pastor of the church1 and the president and teacher of each class4 ,inter-,class ,committee ,the ,inter-,class ,committee has the direction and supervision1 through sub-committees1 of all the activities of the department1 such as3 ,athletics ,outings ,camping ,socials ,entertainments ,lectures ,library ,vocational ,talks ,practical ,talks ,congress or ,senate ,debates ,current ,topics ,practical ,citizenship ,service ,councils ,degrees and ,initiations ,employment ,bureau ,home ,cooperation ,school ,cooperation ,committee on ,sunday school ,life ,this ,committee has a twofold function1 the planning of the department program for general school festivals and matters of general school business4 ,the diagram shows the activities of this committee4 ,,committee ,,on ,,sunday ,,school ,,life ,,feast ,,days ,,general ,,business ,children's ,day ,sunday ,school ,board ,meetings#g ,christmas ,teachers' ,meetings ,new ,year's ,school ,elections ,easter ,membership ,campaigns for ,entire ,school ,rally ,day ,school ,needs ,anniversary ,picnics ,specials1 ,etc4 ,socials1 ,etc4 ,committee on ,church ,life ,the ,church ,life ,committee also has a double task4 ,its activities along the lines of church life are as follows3 ,committee on ,church ,life ,,worship ,,membership ,,and ,,benevolences ,morning ,preaching ,service ,evening ,preaching ,service ,mid-week ,prayer ,service ,special ,services ,invitation ,current ,expenses ,extension ,support ,social ,life ,auxiliary ,organizations ,committee on ,inter-,church ,life ,the ,inter-church ,life ,committee1 through its representatives on the ,inter-,sunday school ,councils and ,committees1 cares for its part of the common teen age ,sunday school life of the community4 ,in this way the ,sunday school is made to loom large as the teen age organization in the town or city4 ,some of its activities would be3 ,inter-,church ,council ,normal ,institute ,training ,classes ,athletic ,league ,church ,census ,boys' ,conferences ,girls' ,conferences ,publicity ,special ,cooperation4 ,,sunday ,,school ,,secondary ,,division ,,the ,,teen ,,age ,,boys' ,,department 7,every class organized7 ,,organization ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,officers ,,committees ,church ,board a ------------------------------------ ,sunday ,school ,board a ,sunday ,school ,superintendenta ,executive ,sunday ,school ,life ,church ,life ,inter-,class ,inter-,church ,life ,superintendent b ,assistant ,superintendentb ------------- ------------- ,treasurer b ,advisory ,superintendentc ,feast ,general ,worship ,general ,days ,interest ,church ,life ,,department ,,activity ---------------------------------------- -------- ,,sunday ,,sessions ,,mass ,,week ,,meetings 7,occasional when there is a motive7 ,opening ,service ,class ,hour ,department ,affairs ,closing ,services a ,supervisory b ,older ,boy c ,adult ,prepared by ,john ,l4 ,alexander1 ,superintendent ,secondary ,division ,international ,sunday ,school ,association ,,points ,,of ,,caution6 ,the promoters of a ,boys' ,department in the ,sunday school should not be too hasty in pushing the organization4 ,there are certain facts to be kept in mind in effecting a workable1 durable department4 #a4 ,the ,boys' ,department is merely one of the departments of the school1 and nothing must be done that will cripple or weaken the remainder of the school4 ,where possible it is best to promote separate departments for teen age boys and girls at the same time4 ,this will reduce opposition and achieve efficiency4 #b4 ,there is no use in trying to organize a ,boys' ,department1 where there is no adequate meeting place4 ,the value of a ,boys' ,department lies almost entirely in the unity produced by the worship of the opening and closing services and the discussion of departmental common affairs4 #c4 ,the ,department cannot take the place of the ,organized ,class4 ,where it does1 it is temporary1 hurrah-in-character1 inefficient and harmful4 ,the ,sunday school is educational in purpose4 ,the ,boys' ,department must be likewise4 #d4 ,nothing should be advocated or promoted in the ,boys' ,department that is not in accord with the ,sunday school and ,denominational policy4 ,the ,boys' ,department is part of the ,church4 ,class ,organization ,the classes of the teen years should all be organized before any scheme for department organization is put in use4 ,the ,organized ,class is based on the so-called gang instinct1 and is the unit of all organization4 ,departmental ,progressive ,steps ,the steps in organizing a ,teen ,age ,boys' or ,secondary ,division ,department should be3 #a4 ,appointment of ,teen ,age ,superintendent4 #b4 ,every class organized according to ,denominational and ,international ,standard4 #c4 ,two-session-a-week classes--,sunday and week-day4 #d4 ,trained teachers4 #e4 ,departmental organization4 ,departmental ,equipment ,separate ,rooms ,there should be separate assembly rooms or divisions for these departments where they meet apart from each other4 ,there should also be separate rooms or screened-off places for the classes to meet4 ,equipment ,the outfit for the department and classes should include ,bibles1 tables1 blackboards1 charts1 pictures1 maps--including maps for mission study1 also relief maps1 mission curios1 etc4 ,promotions ,much should be made of promotions to and from the grades within the department4 ,a certificate or diploma recognizing regular work should be granted on ,promotion ,day4 ,special work done is recognized by placing a seal upon the certificate4 ,promotion exercises should include some statement of the work accomplished4 ,sunday ,school ,spirit ,in order to maintain a genuine spirit of ,sunday school unity it is desirable to have the whole school meet together from time to time for the common tie and uplift of worship in the mass4 ,the exercises of festival occasions also help to bring this about1 and the common gatherings1 regular or special1 of the school1 tend to magnify the united leadership of officers and teachers4 ,these should never interfere with the work of instruction1 the main objective of the school1 but should supplement it4 ,departments should be made to feel their partnership in the ,sunday school enterprise1 and this may be brought about by the reading of the departmental and school minutes in each department4 ,continued emphasis should be placed on the oneness of the school--,all one body1 we4 ,thus we may hope for ,christian comradeship and loyalty4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,boys' ,,department ,boys' ,work ,message4--7,men and ,religion ,movement7 7#a4jj74 ,cope4--,efficiency in the ,sunday ,school 7#a4jj74 ,huse4--,boys' ,department in ,springvale1 ,maine 7,american ,youth1 ,february1 #aiaa7 74#bj74 ,stanley4--,the ,boys' ,department in the ,sunday ,school 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiaa7 74#bj74 ,waite4--,boys' ,department of the ,sunday ,school 7,free leaflet74 ,,xii ,,inter-,,sunday ,,school ,,effort ,,for ,,boys ,this volume so far has discussed nothing save the work among teen age boys in the local ,sunday school1 in ,organized ,class or ,boys' ,department4 ,this is as it should be1 beginning at ,jerusalem and taking care first of the local school4 ,to magnify the church and church school1 however1 in the eye of the boy and to make it his central interest or the center of his interests1 it is necessary to view ,sunday school effort in a larger way than the work of the local school4 ,the ,sunday school must become city-wide in its scope and effort4 ,common town-wide activity1 such as outings1 athletics1 camps1 entertainments1 lectures1 campaigns1 etc41 must be promoted jointly4 ,not only this1 but the ,christian boys of the community must be taught the democracy of ,christianity and be led to work together in ,christian service for each other and with each other for all the boys of the city4 ,something of this has been attempted in some places1 but always under adult rule4 ,adult supervision--not rule--is always necessary4 ,thus city camps and ,sunday school athletic leagues have flourished as adult effort for boys4 ,that which is contemplated in the following two chapters is distinctly work by boys for boys in the ,sunday school field4 ,the need of adult help to organize and set things going is recognized as necessary1 good and the proper thing4 ,the value of the work will consist in the enlistment of the boys themselves and the participation in and direction of the proposed work by the boys4 ,boys are not as exclusive1 limited or provincial as adults4 ,their interests are wider than the local church4 ,the task is to couple those interests with the local church as the center of greater community-wide activity1 and to direct them to effective service4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,inter-,,sunday ,,school ,,or ,,church ,,work ,barbour 7,editor74--,making ,religion ,efficient 7,boys' ,work ,chapter7 7#a4jj74 ,this volume also contains the ,men and ,religion ,charts4 ,boys' ,work ,message 7,men and ,religion ,movement7 7#a4jj74 ,,xiii ,,the ,,older ,,boys' ,,conference ,,or ,,congress#h ,this is one of the best forms of ,inter-,sunday school work for boys4 ,if it is rightly handled1 it will add much to the ,christian enthusiasm of the older boys of the ,sunday schools4 ,it is to be noticed1 however1 that it is an ,older ,boys' ,conference4 ,this means that the ages are to be confined to the stretch between fifteen and twenty years4 ,do not spoil your effort by running in boys under fifteen4 ,of course the younger boy is important1 but the type of work accomplished in these conferences is beyond him and his presence will nearly neutralize your effort4 ,the aim of the conference should be1 not merely to put new ,christian enthusiasm into the older fellow1 but to get him to talk over the problems of the ,sunday school from his own point of view4 ,hundreds of these conferences have been held throughout the ,continent1 and scores of boys have been led into ,christian service thereby4 ,the discussion at these conferences is also most intelligent1 being often above the grade of adult groups4 ,the boy gets to know the ,sunday school by talking about it1 sees its problems1 his own needs and the way to meet them4 ,he likewise gets a new idea of his obligations4 ,it is to be noticed again that it is an ,older ,boys' ,conference4 ,this means that the boys themselves should direct the work of the ,conference as much as possible1 and that the ,conference should be officered by boys4 ,i have no sympathy with the men who cannot trust boys to do this work4 ,it is largely due to a fear that the boy will grow conceited because of his new-found opportunity4 ,it is due more1 however1 to the fear that the boy will act unwisely from an adult viewpoint4 ,both of these fears come from adult conceit and the inability to trust the boy4 ,such men should leave boys and boys' work severely alone4 ,it is to be noticed for the third time that it is an ,older ,boys' ,conference4 ,this means that the large part of the program and all the discussion should be by the boys themselves4 ,no man should take part in the discussion save the man who leads it1 and the future may also provide a boy for the leadership of the discussion4 ,the writer in over a hundred conferences would allow no man to take part1 as the aim of the conference was to make it a boys' conference4 ,if men may dominate and intimidate the boy1 better settle the matter in an adult group4 ,the officers of the ,older ,boys' ,conference should be ,president1 ,vice-,president 7who in most cases should be ,toast-,master at the ,conference ,banquet7 and ,secretary4 ,there should also be a committee of three boys appointed by the ,president 7who may be helped to this end7 to report at the banquet session on the papers and discussions4 ,in this way the summary of the conference is as the boy sees it4 ,this is the aim of the conference4 ,two ways are open for the election of the officers3 by a ,nominating ,committee and in open conference from the floor4 ,if a ,nominating ,committee is the method1 no man should be present to suggest or dictate4 ,the committee should1 however1 have the right to consult whomever they please1 in order to get the information they may wish4 ,the writer prefers the ,open ,conference ,nominations from the floor4 ,in over two hundred conferences he has never yet been disappointed in the choice of the boys4 ,the program should be distinctly a ,sunday school one4 ,the conference is in the interests of the ,sunday school4 ,keep it to the purpose intended4 ,hundreds of good causes might be discussed1 but the objective of the conference would be missed4 ,below are three different length programs used at different places4 ,they may prove suggestive to those intending to conduct such meetings4 ,a4 ,afternoon and ,evening ,conference 7,one ,day74 ,,program ,,toronto ,,boys' ,,work ,,conference ,december #ca1 #aiab ,conference ,theme3--,training and ,service ,st4 ,james' ,square ,presbyterian ,church1 ,gerrard ,st41 between ,yonge and ,church ,sts4 #b3jj ,p4,m4 ,registration of ,delegates4 #b3cj ,music1 in charge of ,mr4 ,w4,r4 ,young1 ,choirmaster of ,st4 ,john's ,presbyterian ,church4 ,devotional--,rev4 ,e4,w4 ,halpenny1 ,b4,d41 ,general ,secretary1 ,ontario ,sunday ,school ,association4 #c3jj ,the ,message of the ,galt ,conference1 ,n4,w4 ,henderson1 ,robert ,walker1 ,gordon ,galloway4 #c3bj ,address--,organized ,sunday ,school ,work1 by ,john ,l4 ,alexander1 ,chicago1 ,ill41 ,superintendent ,secondary ,division1 ,international ,sunday ,school ,association4 #d3ae ,group ,conferences1 led by ,taylor ,statten1 ,preston ,g4 ,orwig and ,a4,w4 ,forgie4 #e3de ,recreation1 ,seymour ,collings1 ,physical ,director1 ,toronto ,central ,young ,men's ,christian ,association4 #g3jj ,banquet to ,delegates1 on floor of ,association ,hall1 ,central ,young ,men's ,christian ,association ,building1 corner ,yonge and ,mc,gill ,streets4 ,chairman--,john ,gilchrist1 ,president ,toronto ,sunday ,school ,association4 7a7 ,music4 7b7 ,toasts--,the ,king1--,the ,chairman ,our ,country4 7c7 ,address--,the ,crusade--,john ,l4 ,alexander4 ,st4 ,james' ,square ,presbyterian ,church #i3jj ,devotional--,rev4 ,e4,w4 ,halpenny4 #i3ae ,group ,conferences4 #aj3jj ,address1 ,in ,training1 ,john ,l4 ,alexander1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 #aj3de ,report of ,group ,conference ,committees4 #aa3ae ,address1 ,the ,challenge of the ,new ,year1 ,charles ,w4 ,bishop1 ,canadian ,national ,secretary1 ,young ,men's ,christian ,association4 #ab3ae ,adjournment4 ,b4 ,saturday and ,sunday ,conferences 7,one and a ,half ,days74 ,,program ,,wichita ,,older ,,boys' ,,conference ,,men ,,and ,,religion ,,forward ,,movement ,saturday1 ,february #aj #i3cj ,a4,m4 ,song ,service4 #i3ce ,a4,m4 ,election of ,officers4 #aj3jj ,a4,m4 ,address1 ,second ,brand ,cartridges1 by ,dr4 ,david ,russell1 of ,south ,africa4 #aj3cj ,a4,m4 ,papers1 read by boys1 followed by discussion1 led by ,john ,l4 ,alexander4 ,how ,can ,we ,help ,increase the ,number of ,boys ,attending ,sunday ,school8 ,why ,don't the ,older ,boys ,attend ,church ,services8 ,should ,they ,be ,there8 ,should an ,older ,boy ,teach a ,younger ,boys' ,sunday ,school ,class8 #aa3de ,a4,m4 ,address1 ,motive1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,barbour1 ,rochester1 ,n4,y4 #a3cj ,p4,m4 ,recreation4 #f3cj ,p4,m4 ,address--,chairman ,committee of #ajj4 ,address--,local ,chairman ,boys' ,work ,committee4 ,report of ,committees on ,conference ,papers4 #f3cj ,p4,m4 ,address1 ,the ,set of a ,life1 ,william ,a4 ,brown1 of ,chicago4 ,address1 ,go to ,it1 ,john ,l4 ,alexander1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,sunday #c3jj ,p4,m4 ,mass ,meeting for ,older ,boys1 ,addressed by ,john ,l4 ,alexander1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,c4 ,three ,day 7,part7 ,conference4 ,,program ,conference ,theme1 ,training and ,service4 ,friday1 ,december #ac ,beginning at #h3cj ,a4,m4 ,addresses in seven ,high ,schools1 by ,john ,l4 ,alexander4 #f3ae ,p4,m4 ,supper for ,delegates4 #g3jj ,p4,m4 ,address by ,hans ,feldmann1 ,chairman of ,conference4 ,address by ,rev4 ,r4,s4 ,donaldson4 ,remarks by ,rev4 ,f4,h4 ,brigham and ,john ,l4 ,alexander4 ,close at #h3cj ,p4,m4 ,saturday #i3jj ,a4,m4 ,songs and ,devotional1 led by ,w4,h4 ,wones4 #i3cj ,a4,m4 ,organization1 to be led by ,john ,l4 ,alexander4 #i3de ,a4,m4 ,papers by ,delegates4 ,discussion led by ,john ,l4 ,alexander4 #aa3cj ,a4,m4 ,address by ,rev4 ,f4,h4 ,brigham4 #ab3jj to #b3jj ,p4,m4 ,delegates home to lunch4 #b3jj ,p4,m4 ,concert by the ,y4,m4,c4,a4 ,boys' ,glee ,club4 #b3ae ,p4,m4 ,discussion by subjects in groups1 led by ,john ,l4 ,alexander1 ,f4,h4 ,brigham1 ,w4,h4 ,wones1 and ,f4,c4 ,coggeshall4 #d3jj ,p4,m4 ,recreation period in ,y4,m4,c4,a4 ,building4 #f3ae ,p4,m4 ,banquet for delegates and men leaders at boys' invitation4 ,music by the ,boys' ,busy ,life ,club ,boys' ,orchestra4 ,toasts by three delegates4 ,report of the ,committee on ,inter-,church ,program4 ,addresses by ,john ,l4 ,alexander and ,f4,h4 ,brigham4 ,sunday #c3jj ,p4,m4 ,gospel ,meeting for ,older ,boys1 at ,grand ,avenue ,m4,e4 ,church4 ,speaker1 ,john ,l4 ,alexander4 ,the following announcements were on the backs of these programs3 ,,announcements ,,conference ,,headquarters--,the ,session of ,st4 ,james' ,square ,presbyterian ,church has kindly granted the ,conference the use of the church and school rooms4 ,with the exception of the ,banquet and ,addresses which follow1 all sessions of the ,main and ,group ,conferences will be held in this ,church4 ,,registration--,admission to the sessions of the ,conference will be granted only to those wearing the ,souvenir ,conference ,badge1 which will be given to each delegate presenting a credential signed by the ,conference ,secretary at the ,conference ,office1 in ,st4 ,james' ,square ,church1 any time after #a3cj ,p4,m41 ,tuesday1 ,december #ca4 ,,discussion--,come prepared to take part in the discussion1 and to ask questions regarding the particular needs of your school4 ,an opportunity will be afforded in the ,group ,conferences for this phase of the work4 ,,notes--,take careful notes4 ,they will help you make a good report to your ,sunday school after the ,conference4 ,,remember--,you are responsible to those you represent for getting the most out of every session4 ,be on hand promptly at the hour mentioned2 it will help4 ,,book ,,exhibit--,copies of all the latest books on ,sunday school and ,boys' ,work will be on exhibit in one of the ,conference rooms4 ,teachers and leaders should not miss this opportunity to look over some of the splendid literature that has come recently from the press4 ,,note--,boys under #ae years of age will not be admitted4 ,basis ,of ,representation ,the delegates are to be boys between the ages of #ae and #bj years1 appointed by the officials of their ,sunday school1 on the basis of two delegates for each boys' class 7of the teen ages7 and each boys' club1 and1 additional to these1 two delegates at large from each church4 ,men leaders of clubs will also be registered as delegates4 ,registration ,fee ,the ,registration ,fee is to be #ej cents1 including the cost of the banquet ,saturday evening4 ,preliminary ,arrangements ,for ,older ,boys' ,conference ,i4 ,conference ,committee3 #a4 ,committee supervises1 plans and is responsible for the conference4 #b4 ,committee should consist of at least five adult members1 and profitably more1 selected from the various ,sunday schools4 #c4 ,committee may appoint special sub-committees to take care of details and close supervision4 ,,ii4 ,sub-,committees3 #a4 ,publicity1 ,delegate and ,registration4 #b4 ,meeting ,place and ,decoration4 #c4 ,program and ,badge4 #d4 ,entertainment and ,recreation4 #e4 ,banquet4 #f4 ,sunday ,meeting 7if held74 ,,iii4 ,sub-,committee ,duties3 #a4 ,publicity ,committee3 ,this committee is responsible for press1 pulpit and ,sunday school notices4 ,it also has the duty of discovering the leader of each ,sunday school and of getting the delegates pledged and registered4 ,for this purpose three letters at least should be sent out 7see ,,iv74 ,a ,registration ,card also should be filled out by each delegate and signed by ,secretary of ,publicity ,committee before the conference4 ,illustration ,,toronto ,,boys' ,,work ,,conference ,december #cast1 #aiab ,this certifies that ,address has been accepted as a ,delegate to the above ,conference1 having made application and paid the ,registration ,fee in due time4 ,upon presentation of this card at the ,conference ,office1 ,st4 ,james' ,square ,presbyterian ,church1 he is entitled to the ,souvenir ,conference ,badge1 ,program1 and ,banquet ,ticket4 ,registration ,secretary4 ,the limit of accommodation for the main banquet on the floor of ,association ,hall will be #fjj4 ,extra provision will be made elsewhere for the balance if registration exceeds that number4 ,provision has been made for ,main ,banquet you at the ,auxiliary ,supper ,this committee is also responsible for the ,registration ,table during the conference4 #b4 ,meeting ,place and ,decoration ,committee3 ,the duties of this committee are obvious4 ,among them1 however1 are the following3 ,five chairs and two small tables should be on the platform1 and a blackboard with eraser and abundant supply of chalk in each meeting room4 #c4 ,program and ,badge ,committee3 ,this committee should be responsible for the preparation1 printing and distribution of programs4 ,an ample supply should be on hand during the conference sessions4 ,a badge 7delegate's7 is a good thing for the conference spirit4 #d4 ,entertainment and ,recreation ,committee3 ,where delegates attend from out-of-town1 this committee arranges for their entertainment at the homes of friends4 ,at a local conference this committee is steadily on the lookout for the purpose of making the conference and delegates comfortable4 ,fresh air1 telephone service1 messages1 etc41 all of these are highly important4 ,this committee also should be responsible for adequate plans for the conference recreation4 #e4 ,banquet ,committee3 ,the details for the conference banquet1 the seating of the delegates and the serving of the food1 all come under this committee4 ,if a special banquet menu and program are used1 this also is the duty of the committee4 ,an orchestra to play through the eating period is a splendid feature4 #f4 ,sunday ,meeting ,committee3 ,this committee should give careful attention to the following details3 7a7 ,that any boy over fifteen years and under twenty-one years be admitted to the meeting4 ,one leader to each group of boys may attend1 but these must sit by themselves in the rear of the room4 ,to secure these arrangements it will be necessary to put a force of determined adult watchers at every door4 7b7 ,be sure to have a live organist1 pianist or orchestra to lead the music4 ,a director to lead the singing1 with ginger1 will help4 7c7 ,have four ushers to each double or central aisle1 and have two to each single or side aisle4 7d7 ,everyone present at the meeting should have a song book or sheet4 7e7 ,be sure to have a plain white card1 #cx#e1 and a small sharpened pencil for each one present4 ,this is absolutely necessary for the ,forward ,step part of the meeting4 ,,iv4 ,letters to be sent out 7,publicity ,committee73 #a4 ,to ,pastor1 ,superintendent or ,teacher3 7a7 ,announcing the conference1 its nature1 purpose1 etc4 7b7 ,that it is confined to older boys--#ae to #bj years--and one adult leader from each school4 7c7 ,from three to five delegates 7,christian boys74 7d7 ,ask for name of adult leader4 7e7 ,enclose ,postal ,card4 #b4 ,to ,sunday ,school ,adult ,leader3 7a7 ,send plan of conference and details4 7b7 ,enclose ,tentative ,program4 7c7 ,ask for names of boy 7,christian7 delegates1 setting time limit and enclosing credentials4 7d7 ,suggest that leader have a meeting of the delegates before the conference to consider what the conference may mean to their own local ,sunday school4 #c4 ,to ,each ,delegate3 7a7 ,send a brief letter with program4 7b7 ,emphasize the ,christian nature of the conference2 that it is for training and leadership1 and that he has been chosen from his school for this purpose4 7c7 ,suggest daily prayer as preparation4 ,v4 ,leaders' ,meeting3 ,if possible1 arrange for a luncheon or dinner conference for the ,sunday school adult leaders who are at the conference4 ,talk over the plans1 programs and hopes of the conference4 ,,vi4 ,follow-,up ,after ,conference3 #a4 ,a ,second ,leaders' ,meeting4 7,details at ,conference7 #b4 ,local ,delegates' ,meeting4 7,details at ,conference7 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,older ,,boys' ,,conference ,dunn4--,what the ,state ,boys' ,conference ,means to the ,churches 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiaa7 74#bj74 ,hinckley4--,the ,unique ,value of ,conferences of ,older ,boys 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiab7 74#bj74 ,scott4--,boys' ,conference in ,community and ,county 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiaa7 74#bj74 ,smith4--,the ,maine ,boys' ,conference 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiaa7 74#bj74 ,,xiv ,,the ,,secondary ,,division ,,or ,,teen ,,age ,,boys' ,,crusade#i ,the ,older ,boys' ,city-wide ,conference is outlined in the previous chapter4 ,it is a good1 but intermittent1 form of ,inter-,sunday school activity for boys4 ,the ,secondary ,division or ,teen ,age ,boys' ,crusade is a permanent form for such activity1 and may be launched at the ,older ,boys' ,conference4 ,the idea of the ,crusade germinated in the minds of the members of the ,toronto ,secondary ,division ,committee in connection with a ,sunday school ,older ,boys' ,conference in ,december1 #aiab4 ,the objectives around which the idea grew were a campaign for ,organized ,classes in every school1 an effort to reach ,toronto's #aj1jjj non-,sunday school1 teen age boys and a training class for adolescent leadership4 ,at the evening banquet1 at which the ,crusade was presented1 #ee ,sunday schools registered for the campaign and #ahg older boys signed up for training and the effort to reach the boys not in ,sunday school4 ,at a later meeting a plan of action was decided upon4 ,the ,objective ,the aims to be kept in mind are fourfold3 7#a7 ,to magnify the ,christian life and the preeminence of ,jesus ,christ as ,saviour and ,lord2 7#b7 to organize the teen ,christian boys of the ,sunday school for organized service2 7#c7 to reach the teen non-,sunday school boys for ,sunday school attendance2 7#d7 to train the teen boy for ,christian leadership4 ,the ,crusade ,outlined ,campaign of ,bible ,class ,organization #a4 ,it is proposed that every class in the teen age or ,secondary division of every ,sunday school be organized according to the ,international ,standard1 and that the boys of the schools be given the task4 7,see ,international ,secondary ,division ,leaflet ,no4 #b47 ,campaign of ,enlistment #b4 ,coincident with the campaign of organization there should be a systematic effort to reach every boy of the teen age for membership in the ,sunday school4 ,this may be accomplished through two methods3 7a7 ,census and ,survey4 ,the city should be divided into districts and mapped out by squares4 ,then the teen age campaigners should go two and two for the purpose of a census-taking4 ,the two-by-two system will result in more thorough work1 and it gives the opportunity of helping the more timid boys by linking them with the bolder ones4 ,an entire square should be worked by the partners1 both making the same call1 and every teen age boy in the town1 whether a ,sunday school attendant or not1 can be located this way4 ,for this purpose an ordinary filing card may be used1 printed as follows3 ,date ,name ,address ,religion 7,catholic1 ,jew1 ,protestant78 ,attend ,sunday school 7yes or no78 ,if yes1 where8 ,information gathered by ,,note4--,once this information is gathered it can be kept up-to-date by arrangement with the moving companies and the water1 gas and electric light companies4 ,a monthly report from these companies1 or a stock of post-cards kept with them1 will do the work4 ,another method is an annual checking up with the city directory4 7b7 ,home ,visitation for ,enlistment4 ,this is best accomplished by personal invitation1 letter1 attractive advertising1 etc4 ,assign to teen age worker4 ,training ,classes #c4 ,a training class or training classes1 central or by districts1 should be arranged to specialize for teen age leadership4 7a7 ,adolescent ,leadership ,course 7#ej lessons7 according to ,international ,standard4 7b7 ,demonstration ,course in physical1 social1 mental and outdoor activities4 ,service ,programs #d4 ,practical programs should be prepared and offered to schools and organized classes to stimulate the membership of the ,crusade4 ,for none of us liveth to himself4 ,for unto every one which hath shall be given1 and from him that hath not1 even that which he hath shall be taken away from him4 ,service is the magic word around which real life swings4 ,by giving1 one gets4 ,the investment of service1 as individuals1 and as a class1 will bring big dividends in the development of one's personal life4 ,missions ,program ,promote 7a7 a course of study of live home and foreign mission material2 7b7 systematic giving to missions2 7c7 the study of the foreign population of your city1 particularly of your own neighborhood2 7d7 teaching non-,english speaking men and boys to read and write2 7e7 the investigation1 and1 when possible1 the handling of needy cases in your community4 ,anything going out from the class to the other fellow comes under this head4 ,temperance ,program ,get information along the lines of3 7a7 bodily self-control2 7b7 the injury of tobacco on the growing tissue2 7c7 the inroads of alcohol on the growing and mature body2 and 7d7 the economic1 material and moral waste of intemperance of every kind4 ,purity ,program ,hit hard for 7a7 clean speech1 clean thoughts1 clean sports2 7b7 for a single sex standard2 7c7 chivalry and cleanliness among the sexes2 and 7d7 adequate education on sex matters4 ,programs along these three lines will be furnished on application to the ,state and ,provincial ,sunday ,school ,association offices4 ,preliminary ,plans ,for ,crusade ,to get things in motion1 two lines of action are suggested3 ,first1 plan for a conference of older boys and workers with boys for the community which you desire to cover4 ,the program should aim to lay before the conference the plan of the ,organized ,secondary ,division ,class2 methods of work should be discussed at group conferences2 the ,crusade ,challenge presented at the banquet2 and the session should close with a rousing inspirational address4 ,second1 formation of an ,inter-,sunday ,school ,council1 the purpose of which is to plan and promote work for ,secondary ,division ,classes in the city4 ,promotion of ,conference ,the ,secondary ,division ,committee1 headed by the ,secondary ,division ,superintendent of the city1 township or county1 in which the conference is planned1 should head the work1 and representative men and older boys should be chosen to form a ,conference ,committee4 ,first ,steps4 ,call a meeting of the ,general ,conference ,committee4 ,state clearly the objective of the ,conference and ,crusade1 then appoint the following sub-committees3 ,program1 ,printing and ,advertising1 ,banquet1 ,registration1 ,recreation and ,promotion4 ,duties ,of ,committees ,program4--,plan program1 secure speakers1 organist and leader for singing4 ,printing and ,advertising4--,to have charge of all printing1 such as ,advance ,notices of ,conference1 ,registration ,cards1 ,banquet ,tickets1 ,tentative ,program1 ,completed ,program1 ,crusade ,folder1 ,newspaper ,articles1 ,conference ,badges or ,buttons4 ,banquet4--,to arrange all the details of the banquet1 the place where it will be held1 securing dishes and silverware1 arrangement of tables1 decorations1 etc4 ,registration4--,to arrange a simple system of registration1 have charge of distribution of programs and badges1 tabulate record of registration for report to convention1 etc4 ,recreation4--,to plan for a period of organized recreation between the afternoon and evening sessions4 ,promotion 7perhaps the most important of all committees74 ,the responsibility of securing picked members of teen age classes and workers to attend the ,conference rests on the shoulders of this committee4 ,all members of the ,general ,committee should share with them this responsibility4 ,the ,committee should arrange for a meeting of ,sunday school ,superintendents and every effort be made to have every school represented1 by either the ,superintendent or a substitute appointed by him4 ,at this meeting outline carefully the plan of the ,conference and ,crusade1 enlist their cooperation1 secure from each man present a promise to see that delegates are sent from his school2 supply these men with literature and registration cards4 ,be sure to have a record of the name and address of all in attendance at this meeting4 ,this is important4 ,make a special drive on this meeting1 the object being to line up a man in every last school who will make himself responsible for that school being represented in the ,conference4 ,the ,superintendents not present at this meeting should be seen and written to at once1 urging upon them the importance of the work1 apprising them of the results of the ,superintendents' ,conference and showing them the necessity of their schools being included in this city-wide campaign for the adolescent boy4 ,other plans of promotion may be adopted by the ,committee1 as warranted by local conditions4 ,meetings of ,general ,committee4--,the ,general ,conference ,committee should arrange to meet at least once a week1 for a month prior to the ,conference1 and all plans of the sub-committees should be submitted to this ,committee for their approval before being put into operation4 ,the ,conference ,program ,conference ,theme--,training and ,service4 ,temporary ,chairman--,president or ,vice-,president of ,sunday ,school ,association1 or acceptable substitute4 #b3jj ,registration of ,delegates4 #b3cj ,devotional and ,music4 #c3jj ,address1 ,the ,biggest ,thing in the ,world4 #c3bj ,secondary ,division ,organization--,the ,bible ,class4 #d3ae ,group ,conferences 7,city divided into districts74 #e3de ,recreation4 #g3jj ,banquet to ,delegates4 7a7 ,music--,orchestra4 7b7 ,toasts--,two ,older ,boys4 7#a7 ,our ,country4 7#b7 ,our ,city4 7c7 ,address1 ,the ,crusade4 #h3de ,devotional #i3jj ,question ,box and ,conference4 #i3bj ,address1 ,in ,training 7,inspirational74 #aj3jj ,adjournment4 ,the ,banquet ,seating ,plan ,the delegates from each ,sunday school should sit together1 and when practicable be also grouped by denominations4 ,at the close of the address on the ,crusade the ,inter-,sunday ,school ,council should be formed4 ,this shall consist of two older boys and one man from each participating ,sunday school4 ,the ,council is subject to the call of the ,chairman of the ,secondary ,division ,committee4 ,method of ,enrollment #a4 ,after the presentation of the ,crusade1 pass a colored card to each delegation1 asking them to confer and to write on the card the names and addresses of the two older boys they may choose to represent their school1 the name of school1 also the names and addresses of the teachers of the chosen delegates4 ,the ,adult representative from each school should be selected later by the committee in charge of the ,crusade ,conference4 #b4 ,pass white cards1 as soon as the colored ones have been properly filled2 or1 better yet1 place a white card in each banqueter's program and challenge to service and training4 #c4 ,write to each chosen representative before the first called meeting1 enclosing credential card to be signed by the superintendent of the school1 the pastor of the church1 and write to each of these men enclosing the plan of the ,crusade4 ,first ,meeting of ,council ,do not allow more than two weeks to pass until the ,council meets to lay its plans4 ,strike1 and keep on striking while the iron is hot4 ,the ,follow-,up4--,call at once a meeting of the older-boy representatives on the ,inter-,sunday ,school ,council4 ,do not call in the men until later4 ,this is an ,older ,boy ,movement1 and you are going to get the ,older ,fellows in the ,sunday school to go after the ,older ,fellows out of the ,sunday school4 ,impress upon the ,council that this is their job and whatever success is achieved will be due to their efforts4 ,let a clean-cut spiritual atmosphere prevail at these meetings4 ,you will find that the boys are there for business4 ,it is suggested that the meetings be held ,saturday evening1 beginning at #e3cj with supper1 to cost not more than fifteen cents per plate4 ,first ,meeting4--,don't rush things4 ,you will gain much by making the fellows feel that you are all working this problem out together and that the prayerful cooperation of every member is necessary4 ,don't stampede the meeting with a lot of elaborate plans4 ,if you have any plans1 turn them over to the ,council by way of suggestion1 and let that body use its own judgment4 ,everything that is done by the ,council should emanate from its members4 ,it is suggested that the purpose and program of this meeting should be somewhat as follows3 7a7 ,statement of purpose of ,council4 7b7 ,trace connection of ,council to ,international work 7i4e41 ,council1 ,city ,secondary ,division ,committee1 ,city ,secondary ,division ,superintendent1 ,county ,secondary ,division ,superintendent1 ,state or ,provincial ,secondary ,division ,committee1 ,state or ,provincial ,secondary ,division ,superintendent1 ,international ,secondary ,division ,committee1 ,international ,secondary ,division ,superintendent1 etc4--this to show them that they are officially related to a world-wide movement74 7c7 ,fellowship and ,get ,together4 ,be sure to have ,adult members at this meeting4 ,second ,meeting 7two weeks after first74-- ,at this meeting discuss3 7a7 ,importance of class organization--each member urged to get to work at once in his local school4 7b7 ,age limit of classes now in the organization4 7c7 ,outline possibilities of ,council for promotion and all-round physical1 mental1 social and spiritual activities of teen age fellows of the ,sunday schools of the city4 7d7 ,discuss the idea of the census survey4 ,these two meetings will pave the way for the third and following meetings4 ,don't meet simply for the sake of holding a meeting4 ,let your fellows feel that when a call to meeting is received it is important4 ,third and ,subsequent ,meetings #a4 ,lay your plans carefully for the census-taking1 then complete the job quickly4 #b4 ,analyze the cards and distribute to the organized classes4 ,their work then begins4 ,encourage regular reports on the work of the classes at each meeting of the ,council1 the school representatives reporting4 #c4 ,plan for the execution of the ,missionary1 ,purity and ,temperance ,programs4 #d4 ,extend the ,council's field until it covers the common physical1 social1 mental and spiritual activities of the community teen age boys4 #e4 ,plan for regular ,conference or ,banquet ,programs4 #f4 ,ultimately the entire common ,sunday school athletic and social life of the community would center in the ,inter-,sunday ,school ,council4 ,meeting of ,superintendents ,it is suggested that at this juncture a meeting of ,sunday school ,superintendents be called for the purpose of thoroughly acquainting them with the plans of the ,council4 ,this will secure the cooperation of the ,superintendents1 which is most essential4 ,the effort to get the ,superintendents behind the work will be more successful if the city be divided into sections and a ,superintendents' meeting be held in each section4 ,these meetings can be made very helpful4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,boys' ,,crusade ,high ,school ,student ,christian ,movement ,series3 ,bulletin ,no4 #a4 ,the ,local ,organization 74#je74 ,bulletin ,no4 #b4 ,typical ,constitution 74#je74 ,bulletin ,no4 #c4 ,the ,inner ,circle 74#je74 ,international ,secondary ,division ,leaflet1 ,no4 #e 7,free74 ,,xv ,,sex ,,education ,,for ,,boys ,,and ,,the ,,sunday ,,school#aj ,there can be no adequate comprehension of the physical side of boyhood if the sex element be left out4 ,in fact1 we have discovered for ourselves that this is the very element that constitutes the real problem of boyhood2 for until the idea of sex enters into the boy's consciousness we are only dealing with an infant4 ,it is the gift and power of self-reproduction that changes the selfish1 individual existence into the larger1 altruistic life4 ,it is this that compels gangs and team-work and the instinctive desire to negate self in service for others4 ,it is this that forms the basis for the tribal or community desire2 and on it1 understood or not1 is built all further achievement4 ,the real value of a brave to his tribe begins with the support of his squaw1 and the modern boy gets his importance among us1 when1 because of bodily function1 he awakens to the consciousness of the meaning of the home4 ,this comes gradually at puberty or adolescence with the knowledge of the sex purpose4 ,and it is the quality of this knowledge1 its purity and fear and regard1 that makes the lad a worthy member of the larger whole1 or a peril4 ,knowing this as we do1 is it not a matter of some wonder that we have never really made any systematic effort to instruct the boy concerning his wonderful power8 ,very few fathers give their sons any guidance along this line1 although they do so quite freely on every other subject4 ,of course1 it is a sacred1 delicate subject from which we naturally shrink1 but it is overmodesty to allow a lad to fall into the abuse of his manhood1 either alone or in twos1 when a wise word1 spoken in time1 would save the smirch on two lives or more4 ,in fact1 we are beginning really to understand that it is just as imperative for us to teach a boy how to live his life with the utmost happiness as to show him how to procure the wherewithal to feed his body4 ,for this reason it is being advocated today that the boy should be given explicit instruction as to the care of the organs of reproduction and detailed information as to the functions of these organs1 and many are doing this4 ,our boys today are eating freely of the knowledge of good and evil1 and they are not as innocent as we could wish them to be4 ,they are not ignorant of the processes of life because we have said nothing concerning them1 but their knowledge is partial and faulty and clouded with misinformation4 ,a few years ago a body of men were discussing this very thing in ,new ,york ,city1 and one of them suggested that every one present write on a piece of paper the age at which he had his first sex knowledge and pass it to the head of the table4 ,the average age named by this group of interested men was six and a half years4 ,not one of these men1 either1 had ever had a single word spoken to him on this all-important subject by any adult4 ,their knowledge was of the street4 ,is it any wonder1 then1 that boys stray1 mar their own lives1 betray confidences and innocence and become moral lepers1 feeding like parasites on the fairest of our communities8 ,instruction in the processes of the function of reproduction would help many a boy to a clean participation in and a happy understanding of the home4 ,the divorce evil and the necessity of a large number of surgical operations among women1 to say nothing of the so-called social evil1 would be greatly lessened by such instruction4 ,the father1 of course1 is the proper person to deal with this question4 ,parents and the ,sex ,problem ,when parents understand sex influence they will more than half meet the problems of the teen age4 ,to rightly instruct along sex lines and so prepare boys and girls to meet the teen period is almost completely to meet the teen problem4 ,social and economic changes have moved this generation a full hundred years ahead of our fathers4 ,the change1 however1 has a moral menace in it1 for the slow but sure ways of the old-fashioned home with its genuinely moral atmosphere have nearly slipped us4 ,today boys and girls are herded together by the compulsion of the times and moral ideas are in danger of being warped and twisted4 ,everything about us today is more complex than formerly1 and the more complex things become the more we herd together4 ,mass life is common and growing--in education1 in the schools and in play life1 in the big public playgrounds4 ,religious activity1 in spite of the group tendency toward the small group1 is still in the mass--,christian ,endeavor1 ,sunday school groupings1 etc4 ,with the growing assumption of week-day activities on the part of the church1 the moral peril increases4 ,to offset this increasing social danger sex instruction is an insistent necessity4 ,boys and girls must be taught to see themselves as members of society with all that that implies4 ,to do so means a knowledge of self and sex and their functions and responsibilities4 ,the sources and processes of life must be intelligently understood and thus respected4 ,ignorance of life does not beget purity1 respect and honor4 ,a boy's regard for a girl cannot proceed from lack of knowledge1 although this lack may be termed innocence4 ,a girl's love for the best for self and others is impossible unless she has knowledge tinged with the awe of ,god's purposes4 ,too often have our boys and girls been merely innocent1 such innocence causing their fall4 ,the tree of knowledge sometimes demands a high price for its fruit4 ,to safeguard lives unblighted1 the purity and processes of life's mystery must be imparted through instruction to our growing youth4 ,this can best be done by the parents--father or mother--for since children 7boys or girls7 ripen and come to puberty1 individually and independently1 the parent is ,god's choice for this task4 ,to group boys and girls together for this instruction is terribly wrong1 as the group must contain those whose need for information varies4 ,to talk on these matters in mixed groups of boys and girls is to incite wrong impulses and is criminal4 ,the parent is ,god's instructor in these things--a father to the son and a mother to the daughter4 ,anything else is second or third best and only to be done under great necessity4 ,under unusual conditions a ,christian physician may instruct small groups of like physiological age1 but the parental way is best1 because it is both natural and permanent and we seek both4 ,sunday ,school and ,sex ,parents must be trained for this high duty4 ,to this end ,fathers' and ,mothers' ,meetings should be promoted separately by the ,sunday school4 ,not one merely but a series1 so that every father and mother may be able to attend4 ,it would be well to promote these in small groups by invitation and acceptance until every father and mother was reached4 ,a regular course of education might be arranged1 viz43 ,first ,lecture--,how to meet the questions of children4 ,second ,lecture--,how to prepare the boy and girl for the understanding of puberty4 ,third ,lecture--,adolescence3 ,the ,physiology and ,anatomy of the ,sex ,organs and ,methods of ,sex ,instruction4 ,fourth ,lecture--,hygiene3 ,personal1 ,public1 ,home1 ,school and ,church4 ,these might be preceded by an address on the conditions that today make the above necessary2 such might be a ,sunday evening sermon or week-night address by the pastor of the church4 ,the lectures should be delivered and instruction given by a ,christian ,physician4 ,meetings should be held for fathers by themselves and for mothers likewise2 however1 in either or both meetings the whole field--boys and girls--should be discussed4 ,the whole campaign should be carried out quietly without fuss1 feathers or publicity4 ,shun the spectacular and remember it is the morality of the boy and girl that is in question4 ,keep away from muck-raking1 be constructive and pure and business-like in the whole matter4 ,the need is great1 for the sources of our life must be kept clean if we desire social health among our boys and girls4 ,the land is full of the plague1 of open moral sewers and unholy cesspools4 ,the street reeks with the smut and filth of wrong sex knowledge1 and our boys and girls are getting experience in the laboratory of the immoral4 ,the ,sunday school can help our common1 public health by helping the parent4 ,it should major on parental instruction and keep it up until the parents have been helped to the adequate fulfillment of their task4 ,sex ,instruction for ,boys ,great care should be exercised in the giving of sex instruction to boys of any age4 ,in the first place1 no one without expert knowledge has a right to approach the boy on the subject4 ,even a father should make it his business to master the problem by extensive and wise reading before he becomes his boy's teacher4 ,in the second place1 books or pamphlets on the subject are poor mediums for instruction on the sex functions4 ,nearly every one that ,i have seen so far is either too technical or too sentimental4 ,there are a great many books on the market which had been better left unpublished as far as their helpful influence is concerned4 ,the treatment of this problem should be oral instead of in written form1 and should be a straight1 business-like talk1 such as a father would have with his son about his studies or work4 ,the gush of sentiment plays havoc with the emotions of the boy and lures him to the edge of the precipice1 just to look over4 ,first1 there should be the spoken word concerning the function of the sex organs2 and then1 if the need is urgent1 a choice book to guide him a little farther on the way4 ,the less a boy thinks about these things the better4 ,the instruction should be for the purpose of teaching him the knowledge of himself in order that he may see these things in their proper light and live purely1 and not for the purpose of giving him expert advice4 ,another thing is necessary for good sex instruction4 ,up till a little while ago it was the custom of workers with boys to caution the lads against self-abuse4 ,they used all kinds of colored slides and fearful examples to impress on the boy the horror of the act1 and very often inflamed the boy to exactly the thing they were shooing him from4 ,but today we are learning the fact that the positive is of more force than the negative1 and that the thou shalt is better than the thou shalt not4 ,there is a real reason why the later adolescent boy should give no attention to the thou shalt not1 and so fall into the snare of the negative2 for it is the law of his being to prove all things4 ,it is far better to lay emphasis on the legitimate purposes of the boy's sex life1 the glory it gives him and the beauty of the self-sacrifice it begets1 than to say a single word on the other side4 ,i have found it a good thing to refer to the practice of self-abuse of any kind as a sure sign of weak mentality1 and this has produced a greater impression than anything else that ,i have formerly said4 ,boys1 it should be remembered1 have brains and are really able to think4 ,when they act wrongly it is so often from lack of knowledge or because of wrong knowledge4 ,if ,i were to teach a boy my business ,i should tell him everything that would make the business better1 and say nothing of how to put it to the bad4 ,now what would we all do if our business was to help boys to live clean lives1 speak truth1 bless the community with unimpaired manhood and honor ,god with their united physical powers8 ,methods of ,instruction ,it is necessary to keep in mind the stage of development of the boy4 ,it certainly would be foolish to tell a lad of eight years the facts that should be given to a sixteen-year-old4 ,great tact and intelligence1 coupled with a knowledge of the stages of physical growth that a boy is passing through1 are necessary4 ,a boy of under twelve years should be approached biologically3 the sex element in nature study should be gradually disclosed to him4 ,in this period1 when the spirit of curiosity is strong in the boy and he is continually asking questions on the mystery of life--for instance1 how the stork or the doctor can bring the little brother or sister--it is the best thing to answer the question with just enough truthful information to satisfy4 ,great harm may be done by piling the mind of the child with facts that cannot but be misunderstood4 ,in the enthusiasm for doing things right1 there must be a guard against going too far4 ,the second stage of a boy's physical development1 the early adolescent stage--twelve to fifteen years--is the physiological4 ,puberty marks its advent1 although the exact sign of its arrival is hard to determine4 ,it has been easy to discover it in a girl's life1 but it still remains a matter of some guessing in a boy4 ,a recent work of ,dr4 ,crompton states that the kinking of the hair upon the pubic bone is a sure sign of the beginning of the period4 ,some physical directors have found this a satisfactory sign1 and have made this the basis of a graded work with boys4 ,it is in this period1 then1 that the boy should learn something of the anatomy and physiology of the male sexual organs4 ,the third stage of sex instruction for boys is during the later adolescent period--at least over fifteen years--and this should be pathological4 ,a free discussion of the so-called social evil and the forms of venereal disease would certainly educate the boys to a proper conception of the entire subject4 ,all questions should be discussed in ordinary language and business-like style4 ,sources of ,knowledge for ,sex ,instruction #a4 ,,the ,,biological ,,period 7,,under ,,twelve ,,years74 --,a ,frank ,talk with ,boys and ,girls ,about ,their ,birth 7,free74 --,a ,straight ,talk with ,boys ,about ,their ,birth and ,early ,boyhood 7,free74 ,chapman4--,how ,shall ,i ,tell ,my ,child8 74#be74 ,muncie4--,four ,epochs of ,life 7,chapters #g-ab7 7#a4ej74 ,thresher4--,story of ,life for ,little ,children 7,free74 --,when and ,how to ,tell ,children4 7,oregon ,state ,board of ,health47 #b4 ,,the ,,physiological ,,period 7,,twelve ,,to ,,fifteen ,,years74 ,hall4--,from ,youth ,into ,manhood 74#ej74 ,how ,my ,uncle1 the ,doctor1 ,instructed ,me in ,matters of ,sex 74#aj74 ,lowry4--,truths 74#ej74 --,the ,secret of ,strength 7,social ,hygiene ,society of ,portland1 ,oregon7 7,free74 --,virility and ,physical ,development 7,social ,hygiene ,society of ,portland1 ,oregon7 7,free74 --,address the ,secretary of the ,social ,hygiene ,society1 #caa ,young ,men's ,christian ,association ,building1 ,portland1 ,oregon4 #c4 ,,the ,,pathological ,,period 7,,over ,,fifteen ,,years74 ,educational ,pamphlets1 ,nos4 #a and #f 7,american ,society of ,sanitary and ,moral ,prophylaxis7 74#aj each74 --,four ,sex ,lies 7,oregon ,state ,board of ,health7 7,free74 ,hall4--,from ,youth ,into ,manhood 7,chapter on ,sexual ,hygiene7 74#ej74 ,health and the ,hygiene of ,sex 74#aj74 ,the ,young ,man's ,problem 74#aj74 ,a ,word of ,caution ,let it be repeated that sex instruction should be undertaken with great tact and thoughtfulness4 ,the one who gives the instruction--whether parent or teacher--should post himself thoroughly and he should be practical1 go slow1 not forcing the lad's development by unnecessary knowledge1 avoiding gush and sentiment4 ,he should not seek confession or allow the boy to confess to him1 for confession will raise a barrier between the two later on2 he should help the boy without invading the lad's innermost life1 his soul2 he should learn that there are recesses in the boy's self that are his own and that bear no invasion1 and he should respect this right of privacy4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,sex ,alexander1 ,editor4--,sunday ,school and the ,teens4 7,chapter #ad47 ,this is the official utterance of the ,commission on ,adolescence1 authorized by the ,international ,sunday ,school ,association in convention at ,san ,francisco1 and contains a complete1 classified bibliography4 7#a4jj47 ,american ,youth 7,april1 #aiac4 ,this entire magazine number deals with ,sex ,education7 74#bj74 ,,xvi ,,the ,,teen ,,boy ,,and ,,missions ,no more difficult subject faces the ,sunday school today than that of really vitally interesting the teen age boy in the missionary enterprises of the church4 ,missionary enthusiasts1 here and there1 have doubtless had success in interesting numbers of boys1 but1 in spite of this1 the average1 red-blooded1 everyday1 wide-awake fellow that inhabits our homes1 fills our streets1 and honors our ,sunday schools1 has little or no conception of missions1 or even cares enough to make any effort to discover what missions really signify4 ,to the average boy missions spell heathen and a collection and little more4 ,there is no real life interest1 or even contact enough to develop an interest in the subject4 ,this is a ,hunt1 harsh analysis of the situation1 but it is both honest and true4 ,giving money is not a genuine criterion of interest4 ,i have known lots of boys who contributed two cents a week to help the other fellow1 not because it was a conviction1 but because it was a necessary thing to keep in good standing on the posted bulletin1 and thus to maintain the regard and esteem of leader and comrades4 ,business men and social leaders have been known to hesitate in subscribing to funds until the subscription list had been perused by them1 when the list of names already secured has caused them to make generous additions to the fund4 ,the ,sunday school offering is a poor index of ,sunday school enthusiasm4 ,giving money--even more than one can afford to give--is not always real self-sacrifice4 ,sometimes it is self-saving4 ,at any rate1 it is not the reliable guide of a boy's interest4 ,maybe we shall never get boys to understand the word ,missions4 ,perhaps it is hopelessly confused with heathen--a poor1 unfortunate1 know-nothing1 worth-little crowd of black or yellow people--who can never amount to anything1 unless money be given to put grit enough into them to get them to try to live right--a pretty doubtful investment1 after all4 ,yes1 this is the logic of the average boy1 due to the information of the non-christian's degradation1 lack of initiative1 low ideals1 and poor morals1 as set forth by the returned missionary4 ,even the fact that one or two folks1 by reason of the missionary's work1 have been raised to better things1 affords no promise of rejoicing on the part of the boy4 ,the ,american teen age boy shuns kids1 dagoes1 hunkies1 and everything that seems to him to be inferior4 ,he may occasionally give them a little pity1 but he associates himself in thought and interest and conduct only with his peers4 ,his gang is as exclusive as the traditions of ,sons of the ,revolution4 ,the non-christians of other lands1 like the non-christians of ,north ,america1 somehow or other1 have got to get as good as he is--not in morals1 but in genuine worth-whileness4 ,if they can pull off a couple of stunts that are beyond him1 watch his real admiration and interest grow4 ,maybe1 after a while1 we will drop the word ,missions and substitute another word--,extension4 ,perhaps6 ,then the fellow whom he teaches to throw a curve in the vacant lot1 or the foreign-speaking boy1 who can shoot a basket1 to whom he gives a half-hour lesson in ,english1 or the ,hindoo lad1 who easily swims the ,ganges1 and who is being sent to school by his gang1 will all command his interest1 because they are partners with him in the common things of his everyday life4 ,the boy grows by ever-widening circles of interest2 first1 the self1 then the gang1 then the school life1 then his city1 then the state1 then the nation1 and so on--out to humanity4 ,and all of it must be on a par with his highest ideals4 ,that which falls below meets his contempt4 ,interest1 then1 in non-christian folks in foreign lands1 will become the boy's interest only when it reaches his admiration and the level of the worth-while4 ,the pity and love that burns to help another is a mature passion1 and is only in germ in boyhood4 ,it is capable1 however1 of great development4 ,the interest of the early adolescent is primarily physical4 ,most of his life centers in his play and games4 ,wise educators are using the play instinct as a medium for his education4 ,manual training is increasing1 the formal work of the class-room is taking on the nature of competition and music1 even music with its old-time monotony and routine of running scales in the practice period under parental persuasion1 has ceased to be a thing of dread1 and has become a delightful thing of play--a building of houses1 a planting of seeds1 etc4 ,the heart of missions is a genuine regard for the highest welfare of the non-christian1 a real interest in the lives of others4 ,now interest is the act of being caught and held by something4 ,it is also temporary1 as well as permanent4 ,this depends wholly on how much one is caught and held4 ,this fact is as true in boyhood as in manhood4 ,further1 interests are matters of association--one interest is the path to another4 ,perhaps1 then1 the boy's play may widen to embrace ,china4 ,a group of boys1 some time ago1 were playing games in a church basement1 and the time began to lag just a little4 ,a young man1 who happened to be present1 was appealed to for a new game1 and he taught them to skin the snake4 ,it caught on immediately1 and the group of boys grew hilarious in their enjoyment4 ,after a while1 however1 they stopped to rest1 and one of the boys turned to the man who had taught the game1 and said1 ,where did you get that dandy stunt8 ,the reply was1 ,oh1 that's one of the games that the fellows play over in ,china4 ,there was silence for a moment or two1 and then one of the older fellows said1 ,gee1 do the ,chinks over there know enough to play a game like that8 ,questions followed thick and fast for a little while about the boys of ,china1 and the admiration of the boys increased with their knowledge4 ,the boys of ,china are a little closer1 too1 to the ,american boys of this particular group whenever skin the snake is played4 ,it is altogether too bad that the play-life of the adolescent in non-christian lands is so meager1 for here in physical prowess is a real contact for the ,american boy4 ,the bigness of life is the sum of its contacts4 ,a boy between sixteen and twenty years is essentially social in his interests4 ,it is then that the call of the community1 business life1 vocation1 etc41 to say nothing of the sex and the home voice--make their big appeal4 ,it is his own personal relation to these that makes them real1 and the closer his relation the deeper is his interest4 ,the social appeal stirs his thought and leads him to investigation4 ,the similarity of problems at home and abroad gives him contact with other lands1 and makes for him all the world akin4 ,the best approach to ,china's need is the need of the homeland4 ,good government here is a link of ,manchuria and ,mongolia4 ,the underpaid woman in the shop1 store and factory of ,america is the introduction to the limitations of the womanhood of ,india and the ,orient4 ,the problem of ,africa is real only through the economic1 social and moral demands of ,pennsylvania1 ,illinois1 or ,california4 ,the value of all of these in his thought is the relation which he holds individually to any one4 ,the circle of his interests grows by the widening of his knowledge4 ,the law of his being is to accept nothing on hearsay4 ,he must prove all things and cleave only to that which he finds true4 ,this1 however1 is the path to missionary and all other interests4 ,how1 then1 shall all this be worked out in ,bible class and through-the-week activity8 ,the missionary lesson must not be just fact1 but related fact4 ,the through-the-week meeting that contemplates the deepening of interest in other lands must be recreational and social4 ,the contacts must be real1 vital1 and individual--expressed in the concrete interests of the now4 ,this is the principle4 ,the method must be the work of the lesson writer and the missionary expert1 and1 until this is achieved1 missions must still be but two uninteresting facts for the teen age boy--,heathen and ,collection4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,the ,,teen ,,boy ,,and ,,missions ,fahs4--,uganda's ,white ,man of ,work 74#ej74 ,hall4--,children at ,play in ,many ,lands 74#ge74 ,johnston4--,famine and the ,bread 7#a4jj74 ,matthews4--,livingstone1 the ,pathfinder 74#ej74 ,speer4--,servants of the ,king 74#ej74 ,steiner4--,on the ,trail of the ,immigrant 7#a4ej74 ,,xvii ,,temperance ,,and ,,the ,,teen ,,age ,temperance embraces the abstaining from everything that challenges self-control4 ,the two deadliest foes of young life today are admittedly alcoholic drinks and the cigarette1 and any crusade against these for the conservation of the boy in his teens should be welcomed4 ,it is well1 however1 to keep in mind that profane language1 the suggestive story1 undue sex familiarity1 athletic overindulgence1 excessive attendance at the moving picture shows1 or entertainment places1 the public dance1 and other things of like ilk in the community1 exert a doubtful influence on boy life4 ,liquor is the greatest plague in a community1 and does more to curse the community than any other one thing4 ,it breaks up homes1 causes divorces1 deprives children of their legitimate sustenance1 ruins the life of the drinker1 increases taxation1 lowers the tone and morals of the community1 and is a detriment to our ,american life4 ,cigarette smoking is bad for anybody4 ,it harms the growing tissue1 dulls the conscience1 stunts the growth1 and steals the brainpower of growing boys4 ,in dealing with these facts in the ,sunday school let us recognize then1 that they exist1 that they are true2 and then let us cease merely to rehearse them from time to time4 ,the day of exhortation is past4 ,temperance education today consists in the presentation of absolute1 scientific fact4 ,sentimentality and the multiplication of words no longer mean anything4 ,in dealing with the teen age boy1 spare your words1 but pile up the scientific1 concrete1 seeing-is-believing data4 ,by proved experiment let him discover through the investigation of himself and others--through books1 pictures1 slides1 etc4--that everything we take for granted is scientific truth4 ,you do not need today to prove to a boy that liquor is bad4 ,physiology in the public school and the everyday occurrences about him have already furnished him with that knowledge4 ,furnish him now with the actual facts of the effects of alcohol on the heart centers1 lung centers1 locomotion centers1 knowledge centers1 and inhibitory or control centers4 ,make no statement that is not absolutely scientific4 ,you cannot afford to lie1 even to keep the boy from the drink habit4 ,show concretely--better yet through the investigation of the boy himself--the economic and moral waste of the liquor habit1 but1 in everything1 let the hard1 cold facts speak for themselves4 ,let the boy discover for himself that liquor not only would rob him of his best development1 if he should become a victim of the habit1 but is lowering the tone of his community and country now4 ,in the matter of pledge-signing be sure the boy knows what he is doing4 ,a written pledge may mean a different thing to you than to the boy4 ,it is better to discuss the subject minutely with the boy1 then let him write his promise in his own language1 without any written guide4 ,do not let the boy be anything but true to himself4 ,be scientific and educational in all your methods4 ,when you approach tobacco and cigarettes1 do not assume that the boy regards these as bad4 ,he will readily admit that liquor is harmful1 but will likely to refuse to recognize that the pipe1 cigar1 or cigarette are immoral4 ,your education along this line must be absolutely scientific4 ,the appeal must be to the self and self-interest4 ,they are not good for an athlete2 the best scholarship is threatened by them2 growing tissue is harmed by indulgence4 ,the appeal must be accurate and must apply now4 ,do not quote what will happen forty years hence4 ,boys do not fear old age and its frailties4 ,present enjoyment is too keen4 ,do not say that the habit is filthy1 etc4 ,lay the emphasis on health1 physical fitness1 the joy of present living4 ,the appeal must be one of best development4 ,economic opportunity also may play a part4 ,if business opportunity is lessened by the habit1 prove it4 ,do not1 however1 say anything that cannot be supported with incontrovertible evidence4 ,stick to the scientific facts and the appeal to self-interest4 ,one thing more6 ,little good comes from denouncing tobacco in general4 ,a lot of good men1 influential men1 strong ,christian men1 use it4 ,if you have facts concerning the bad effects of smoking on mature men that are reliable1 make use of them1 but be sure you are right about it4 ,ignorance multiplied by forty or one hundred does not mean wisdom4 ,it is still ignorance4 ,keep yourself out of the crank army4 ,do not be so intemperate yourself in thought1 speech1 and action as to lessen your influence4 ,temporizing will not do the work1 but let us be wise in our approach to the subject before boys1 whose viewpoint cannot be expected to be that of adults4 ,liquor and the cigarette are national perils1 and both of them1 for the sake of the teen age boy1 must be banished from the land4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,temperance ,,and ,,the ,,teen ,,age ,chappel4--,evils of ,alcohol 74#fj74 ,horsely4--,alcohol and the ,human ,body 7#a4jj74 ,jewett4--,control of ,body and ,mind 7,concerning ,cigarettes7 74#fj74 ,scientific ,temperance ,journal 7,monthly7 74#fj per year74 ,towns4--,injury of ,tobacco 7,pamphlet1 #a4ej per hundred74 ,,xviii ,,building ,,up ,,the ,,boy',s ,,spiritual ,,life ,the business of the ,sunday school is the letting loose of moral and religious impulses for life--the raising of the life1 by information1 inspiration and opportunity1 to its highest possible attainment4 ,the very highest reach that any boy's life can attain is the ideal of life that ,jesus has set forth4 ,nothing less than this can be the aim of the ,sunday school4 ,analyzing this ideal1 we find that this means that the boy must physically1 socially1 mentally1 and religiously find the best1 build it into his life1 and attain unto the measure of the stature of the fullness of ,christ4 ,anything that does not contribute to this end1 in the principle or method of the ,sunday school1 is wrong4 ,likewise1 anything1 tradition or prejudice1 that keeps the school from reaching the boy for the ,christ-ideal is a positive affront to the ,lord of the ,church4 ,the ,sunday school deals with a living1 breathing boy--not a theory1 but a real combination of flesh1 bone1 muscle1 nerve and blood4 ,it must minister to the needs of this combination in a generous way1 with physical1 through-the-week activities1 not to induce it to attend ,sunday school for worship and ,bible study1 but because the highest good of the combination demands these things4 ,the school also should see that this living1 breathing boy1 who1 by ,god's law of life1 thinks and moves by his thought1 should receive the best opportunity to develop his mind by supporting the state institutions in the community for that purpose1 and also in providing culture1 recreation-education within the confines of its own particular sphere4 ,in addition to this1 recognizing that the boy belongs to the social life of the community1 and that no man liveth unto himself or dieth unto himself1 the ,sunday school must recognize its obligation to the community1 as well as to the boy1 and furnish him an opportunity for the best social adjustment4 ,the ,kingdom of ,god is a saved community of saved lives4 ,it is best represented in the ,scriptures as a city1 a golden city1 without death1 crying1 or sorrow1 all of them intensely social things1 as are their opposites1 also4 ,every lesson the school gives the boy socially1 every chance it affords him to learn by contact with his fellows of either sex1 means just one more effort for the ,kingdom4 ,moreover1 the ,kingdom is a community of saved bodies1 saved minds1 saved social relations and saved spirits1 or a place or group where the best dominates--the will of ,god rules over all lesser things1 changing and making them over into the best4 ,thus the ,kingdom is where life appreciates1 enjoys1 respects1 and honors all of ,god's gifts1 whether it be body1 mind1 social relations1 or material or spiritual things4 ,the task of the ,sunday school1 then1 is to reach out unswervingly1 enthusiastically after these ends for the adolescent boy4 ,like the commandments1 he that transgresseth in one fails in all1 in the largest1 truest sense4 ,the work of the ,sunday school1 summed up briefly1 is to round out the boy by all good things that he may see and know and acknowledge ,jesus ,christ1 the ,master of ,men1 as the ,master and ,lord of his life1 too4 ,any step less than the joyous acceptance of the ,son of ,god as ,saviour of his life is to miss the mark entirely4 ,this is the end of all ,sunday school principle and method4 ,further1 ,jesus ,christ1 as ,saviour of ,life1 is not an idea1 a theory1 a belief1 but a practical1 everyday1 every-minute influence4 ,for me to live is ,christ4 ,from this time forth everything in life is done in the ,christ-spirit4 ,the boy does not cease to be a boy in the acceptance4 ,he is now a ,christian boy1 not a mature1 ,christian man4 ,he still loves play1 but play is not marred now by the tricks that minister to self4 ,play ministers now both to self and others4 ,it does not nor cannot leave out self1 however4 ,it saves self4 ,so1 with all things else in life1 real life that is lived seven days in the week1 twenty-four hours in the day among his fellows--and one week following without break the other4 ,saviour of ,life means saviour of body1 of mind1 of social contacts1 of spirit4 ,it means more than formal religion1 the attendance of services1 the saying of prayers1 the observance of customs--these are all excellent and necessary1 but to be saved by the ,saviour of ,men means new life1 or life with a new1 saved meaning3 ,i come that they might have life and that they might have it more abundantly 7overflowingly74 ,this is the great objective of the ,sunday school4 ,as soon as a life knows ,jesus as ,saviour1 it asks the question1 ,what wilt thou have me to do1 ,lord8 ,notice1 it is not1 what shall ,i believe1 or what shall ,i cast out of my life8 ,doing regulates both of these1 and the expulsive power of a new affection settles nearly every problem by displacement4 ,this1 after all1 is ,christianity--to be ,in ,christ4 ,not to be ministered unto1 but to minister4 ,he that would be greatest1 let him be the servant of all4 ,the quality of ,christianity is ,service4 ,the task of the ,sunday school is the raising of the life by information1 inspiration and opportunity to its highest possible attainment4 ,christian service is both the highest and the best4 ,to the acknowledgment of ,jesus as ,saviour and ,lord1 then1 must be added the free1 voluntary1 loving service for others in ,his name4 ,this is the ,upbuilding of the ,spiritual ,life of the ,boy4 ,what shall be used1 then1 for this purpose8 ,everything that will minister to the result--,organization1 ,leadership1 ,bible ,study1 ,through-the-,week ,activity1 ,material ,equipment1 ,teaching1 ,song1 ,prayer1 ,reproof1 ,inspiration1 ,guidance1 and all else that the ,sunday school may know or discover4 ,two factors in it all are preeminent3 ,christ and the ,boy4 ,all else are but means4 ,the boy a loving1 serving follower of his ,lord6 ,this is the endless end4 ,what should the ,sunday school do to achieve this8 ,reach to the utmost1 strive to the uttermost1 use every resource1 redeem every opportunity1 create1 discover and harness every method1 hold the boy to his best1 patiently see him develop1 give him the material and spiritual elements for his growth1 afford him opportunity to find himself1 help him to crystalize his thought for life and lovingly aid him to meet1 know and acknowledge his ,lord4 ,thus the boy will be built up in our most holy faith--the faith that loves and serves in healthy life for the joy of living4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,the ,,boy',s ,,spiritual ,,life ,alexander 7,editor74--,boy ,training 7,chapter on ,the ,goal of ,adolescence7 74#ge74 ,sunday ,school and the ,teens 7,chapter on ,the ,church's ,provision for ,adolescent ,spiritual ,life7 7#a4jj74 ,boys' ,work ,message1 ,men and ,religion ,movement 7,chapters on ,the ,boy's ,religious ,needs and ,the ,message of ,christianity to ,boyhood7 7#a4jj74 ,,xix ,,the ,,teen ,,age ,,teacher#aa ,the greatest problem that faces the ,sunday school and ,church as it seeks to meet the needs of the boys and girls of the teen age is leadership4 ,the organized men's and women's ,bible classes may meet that need4 ,in fact1 the success and ultimate value of these classes lie in their response and ability to face and supply this growing need4 ,god works best through incarnation4 ,when he wanted to tell men who he was1 what he was1 and how he wanted men to live1 he spoke through prophets1 priests1 patriarchs1 and kings1 and the ,old ,testament writings came to us this way4 ,however1 men did not seem to understand the message1 and for nearly four hundred years he ceased to speak4 ,then1 in the fullness of time1 he came himself in the person of his own ,son--born in the womb after the fashion of a human baby1 passed through boyhood in the likeness of a boy and on into manhood as a man--to teach us who he was1 what he was1 and how he wanted us to live2 and ,jesus is just ,god spelling himself out in human history in the language that men understand4 ,this is incarnation1 and as he was compelled to pour himself out into man to reveal himself to men1 so men and women who have seen him must literally pour themselves out--incarnate themselves--into the lives of growing boys and girls if these boys and girls of the teen age are to know him4 ,leadership has always been the cry of the world and the ,church1 and the history of both is written in biography4 ,the ,pharaoh1 the ,caesar1 ,charlemagne1 ,peter the ,great1 ,william the ,silent1 ,henry of ,navarre1 ,queen ,elizabeth1 ,ferdinand and ,isabella1 ,columbus1 the ,pilgrim ,fathers1 ,washington1 ,lincoln1 and the names of the great on the world's scroll of fame tell the world's story4 ,the ,christ1 ,peter1 ,john1 ,paul1 ,augustine1 ,savonarola1 ,huss1 ,wycliffe1 ,luther1 ,zwingli1 ,knox1 ,roger1 ,williams1 ,wesley1 ,finney1 ,moody1 ,booth2 and what shall ,i more say8 for the time would fail me to tell of 'those' of whom the world was not worthy1 and whose splendid achievements fill out the glorious history of the ,church--these1 all of these1 in their life and effort constitute the story of the ,kingdom4 ,the story is not yet complete4 ,still the world writes its progress in the names of its great ones4 ,and yet1 as always1 the ,church must look for its progress to its ,christ-kissed men and women4 ,while teen age boys and girls escape us at the rate of one hundred thousand a year1 the need for leadership is among us4 ,there is no boy problem4 ,there is no girl problem4 ,boys and girls are the same yesterday1 today and forever4 ,the processes of their developing life are as the laws of the ,medes and ,persians1 without change1 eternal as the hills4 ,like the poor1 they are always with us4 ,there is neither boy nor girl problem2 it is a problem of the man and a problem of the woman4 ,leadership is the key that unlocks the door of the teen age for the ,church4 ,the need of the ,sunday school in the teen age today is leadership4 ,the organized classes for men and women can solve the problem of the ,church among the teen age boys and girls4 ,the number of teachers an organized adult class produces is the measure of its ultimate usefulness in the ,kingdom4 ,the problem of the ,sunday school1 then1 can be solved by men teachers for boys' classes4 ,the more masculine the ,sunday school becomes the deeper will be the boy's interest4 ,a virile1 active ,christianity will challenge the boy2 and all other things being equal1 the man teacher can present such a ,christianity4 ,in some places this will not be possible because of the dearth of men due to the lack of any sense of ,christian obligation on the part of the males of the community to the growing boy4 ,where real men are missing1 we will be forced of necessity to fall back on the big-hearted women that have so long stood in the breach4 ,it may be well1 also1 to add that merely being a male does not constitute a man or manhood4 ,some men will need to strengthen themselves to do their duty as the leaders and teachers of boys in the ,sunday school4 ,none but the strongest teachers should be selected4 ,a boy of high school age quickly detects weakness in a teacher4 ,selection of just any one to teach a class is sure failure4 ,the most important element in organization is leadership4 ,the teacher should aim to become more of a leader than teacher4 ,boys' classes should be taught by men1 and women should teach classes of girls4 ,it is impossible for a man to lead girls1 and just as impossible for girls to be led by a man4 ,with the period of adolescence come problems which can be understood and solved only by those who have passed through the same experience4 ,manly ,christian leadership will help boys to grow naturally into ,christian manhood1 while only the kind1 sympathetic touch of the conscientious ,christian woman leader can help the girl in developing normally into honored and respected ,christian womanhood4 ,the conscientious ,christian leader will keep in mind his obligation to the individual members of the class4 ,by reading and study he will become acquainted with the characteristics of the teen age life1 with a view to planning such activities1 for both the ,sunday and the mid-week session1 as will eventually result in the development of stalwart ,christian manhood4 ,the successful teacher of the teen age class-- 7a7 ,always sees and plans things from the viewpoint of the pupil4 7b7 ,teaches the scholar and not the lesson4 7c7 ,knows personally every member of the class--the home1 school1 business1 play1 social and religious life of every member4 ,this is often accomplished through an invitation to dinner1 a walk1 a car ride1 or some other plan1 which will bring the scholar and teacher together naturally4 ,with this knowledge in hand1 the teacher can prepare the lesson to fit the individual needs of the pupil4 7d7 ,visits the parents4 7e7 ,is always on hand1 unless unavoidably prevented1 in which case the president of the class is notified4 7f7 ,has a capable substitute teacher to supply in the event of such absence4 7g7 ,realizes that the function of his office is that of friend and counselor4 7h7 ,follows up an absentee 7#a7 through the other members of the class2 7#b7 ,membership ,committee2 7#c7 telephone2 7#d7 postcard or letter2 7#e7 personal call4 7i7 ,does not play favorites1 nor neglect the less aggressive scholar4 7j7 ,has a plan and an objective1 with special emphasis on the training of older boys for leadership of groups of younger boys4 7k7 ,always keeps in mind that the supreme task and privilege of the teacher are to win the boy to ,christ for service in ,his church4 ,the ,teacher and the ,home ,the ,teacher can do his best work when working in conjunction with the home4 ,it is a good plan to visit the father and mother of the boy4 ,it is also a pretty good thing to occasionally drop in to see the father and mother personally1 telling them how the boy is getting along4 ,an invitation extended to the parents through the boy himself to attend a week-night meeting of the class will also afford a valuable means of contact with the home and parents4 ,the ,teacher should by no means try to become a father to the boy4 ,the responsibility and duties of parents must not for one moment devolve upon him4 ,the following editorial from a ,new ,york evening newspaper puts this idea in a very clear manner1 and it should be given careful consideration by every teacher3 ,it takes time to point a boy right4 ,the great merchant can touch a desk bell to give orders for a steamship or a draft of a million dollars4 ,but the merchant's young son1 age fourteen1 cannot be touched off in that way4 ,the lad has just begun to move out among other boys4 ,they do a world of talking1 these young chaps4 ,the father must watch that talk1 and he can1 if he will take the time4 ,the older man has every advantage1 for he is looked up to and beloved4 ,it is not so much the 'don'ts' as the 'do's' that constitute his power4 ,he can inspire with high resolve4 ,he can narrate his own victories over sore trials and fiery tests of his integrity4 ,he can draw the sting of poisonous suggestions1 moral disheartenings and malice which his child has been cherishing in his young heart4 ,but this means time1 and time may be money4 ,yet no money can buy this sort of instruction1 nor put a price on it4 ,the coin is struck in the soul4 ,it is the costliest barter1 the very exchange of the soul4 ,boys who go right have invariably had a world of time spent on them in this way4 ,boys go wrong because the father would not take the time from the market4 ,in after years the same parent will take vastly more time to try1 in tears of sorrow1 to straighten out that boy4 ,the ,teacher and the ,school ,the ,teacher must keep in mind that it is his business to work in cooperation with all of the forces that are trying to help the boy to live rightly in his community4 ,the work of the public school must continue to go on without a break if the ideals of our ,american citizenship are to be maintained1 and it is the business of the ,teacher to give his support1 encouragement and cooperation for the carrying out of the idea for which the school stands4 ,the public school seeks to give the boy the necessary education toward his earning a livelihood1 and the business of the ,sunday school ,teacher is to give him the right impulses for his moral and religious life--to inspire him to seek the best in everything4 ,the ,sunday school ,teacher is in partnership with the public school teacher in the education of the boy4 ,several well-defined and exceedingly clear principles of action underlie the successful handling of groups of boys3 ,first1 there must be a clear plan well thought out1 progressive in its stages with an aim for each stage4 ,in other words1 no man need try to work with a group of boys unless he knows what he wants to do1 not only in outline but in detail4 ,he must have these details in mind and so well worked out in his thought1 knowing exactly what comes next and just what is to be added to that which he has already accomplished1 as to be master of the situation at all times and to be the recognized leader4 ,not only this1 but the boys must feel that he really knows what he is driving at in everything that he attempts4 ,secondly1 before the leader of a group of boys tries to do anything with the group1 if he is to be successful1 it is necessary for him to make a frankly outlined statement of his plan4 ,that is to say1 he should tell the boys what the game is and how it is to be played1 getting their approval1 and agreement to get in on the deal4 ,he can explain this to all of the boys at one time or singly to each boy4 ,there is no question but that he will succeed best if he will go over the matter first with each individual boy personally1 finding out his individual impressions and opinions1 and also having discussion before the group4 ,this being done the boys know the plan1 the leader knows what he is working toward1 and the leader and the boys are partners in the work4 ,too often groups of boys are brought together and the aim is so hazy in the leader's mind that all the boys can possibly see in the scheme is a good time4 ,thirdly1 the best way to have boys accomplish things is to allow them to do the things4 ,many a leader of boys thinks out a plan1 gives it to a group of boys and then thinks that the boys are themselves doing it1 whereas he is only trying to use the boys as his instrument4 ,the most effectual way of getting boys to do things themselves is to let them do as much as they can and will do under adequate supervision4 ,lead by suggestion1 so that unconsciously the boys follow your advice and dictation1 giving them the benefit of their decisions and impulses4 ,pure self-government in which the boys are entirely the dictators of their policies and activities cannot be thought of1 because such a course is so generally fatal to successful development4 ,but self-government fostered and dealt with through suggestion by the adult mind is just what is needed1 and should always be encouraged4 ,fourth1 in letting the boys run their own affairs in this way the ,teacher must become a real leader4 ,a real leader never stalks in front1 nor gives orders openly4 ,the generals of today fight their battles and win them twenty-five miles in the rear of the firing line4 ,so it is with the ,teacher4 ,he must be the power behind the throne1 rather than the throne itself4 ,he must be as a conscience--to hold the boys back just a little when they go too fast and to push just a little when they are going too slow4 ,the ,teacher must recognize himself to be the impetus1 not the goal4 ,the solution of each problem that comes before the class should not only be considered by the whole group1 but should be solved by the boys4 ,the important thing for the ,teacher to remember in these matters is that the method of practical ,american citizenship is the majority rule4 ,but this boy majority rule should1 of course1 be tempered by governing leadership4 ,thus the ,teacher will not do anything that the boy can do himself1 and he will be continually placing responsibility on the lad4 ,responsibility is the great maker of men4 ,fifth1 there will be of course noticeable differences among the boys of any class4 ,the most serious differences arise even among men4 ,the boys will scrap at times1 and there will sometimes be a tension and rigidity about their discussions that will approach the breaking point4 ,through it all it will be difficult for the ,teacher to keep himself patiently aloof and allow the thing to work out its own way4 ,sometimes an appeal will be made to him to settle the dispute1 and he will be tempted to do so1 but often such action will imperil the object for which he is working4 ,it is best to allow the boys to discuss1 and try out all of their logic before he begins to make suggestions and1 if he can get the boys to settle the matter themselves1 it is to his interest to do so4 ,if a deadlock threatens to exist1 then by wise counsel and judicious suggestions he may be able to lead the boys out of a quandary in such a way that it will look as if the boys had gotten out of the difficulty themselves4 ,this will certainly add strength to their organization1 and they will settle their own quarrels with peace and dignity4 ,sometimes the break between the boys will be so bitter as to cause the formation of intensely hostile factions1 and then the best thing the ,teacher can do is not to try any new patching or drawing together of the opposing forces4 ,there is no use trying to make boys who are bitterly antagonistic agreeable to each other4 ,let them make new alignments if necessary and in combinations of their own choosing1 even if the result should be the formation of new classes4 ,sixth1 the boys should make their own rules for their own government1 and they should also deal as a group with the infringement of their rules4 ,this will solve the discipline problem of the ,teacher4 ,responsibility should be the keynote of government1 and the awakening of such a feeling in the boys should be the goal4 ,the ,adolescent ,change ,until about the age of twelve the boy is distinctly individualistic and selfish4 ,at about twelve years of age his whole nature begins to change because of the change in his bodily functions4 ,this change occurs anywhere from the twelfth to the sixteenth year and is really determined by his physical development rather than by his chronological age4 ,the change of bodily functions gives him a new outlook upon life4 ,he begins to see and understand that he is a part of the community in which he is living and begins to understand that the community life is made possible by a disposition on the part of his neighbors to help each other4 ,he also begins to understand the institutional life about him and the family and sex tie on which it is based4 ,he sees also the need of the school1 the church and other public institutions4 ,he also begins to appreciate the wider range of things4 ,nature has greater appeal to him now than ever4 ,the woods and streams and outdoor life get a new significance1 and the question of livelihood1 whether rural and agricultural1 or in the line of the various industries1 takes a firm hold upon his imagination1 and gives him a life-compelling purpose4 ,he begins to feel the mating call and at its first impression is attracted to the other sex1 with the result that by and by he also becomes a husband and father and a full-fledged citizen among his fellows4 ,up to the age of adolescence1 however1 none of these emotions stir the boy4 ,,general ,,characteristics ,,of ,,the ,,adolescent ,,age ,the interests of the adolescent boy are general and not specialized between the twelfth and eighteenth years4 ,the boy gets his impressions of the community objectively1 in addition to increasing his knowledge of the external world through his acquaintanceship with its phenomena4 ,the ,universe and the ,community are extensive and many sided4 ,the step also between twelve and eighteen years is short4 ,the boy's contact with these1 then1 must be rapid and general4 ,,characteristics ,,of ,,the ,,early ,,adolescent ,,age ,the early adolescent age from twelve to fifteen years is characterized by a rapid and uneven growth during which vitality and energy alternate with languorousness1 and the boy is awkward and lazy1 with bones greatly outgrowing muscle4 ,the boy also begins to take a new interest in sex and sex relations1 his features and voice change1 and the inherited tendencies begin to assert themselves4 ,his health is usually at its best1 and during his active moments he is boisterous and vigorously energetic4 ,he is selfish1 but shows signs of altruism2 his regard for law increases2 the spirit of gang leadership begins to show itself2 his longing for friendship is noticeable2 his sense of secretiveness is apparent2 and his self-assertiveness first begins to be manifested4 ,he is creative in imagination1 shows marvelous powers of inference1 becomes strongly intellectual1 begins to manifest analytic reasoning1 imitates the ideal1 is uncertain in making decisions1 is influenced by suggestion1 and possesses generally a strong but not a logical memory4 ,he develops natural religious notions1 has strong impulses to do big things1 has definite convictions as to his belief in ,god and ,heaven and the understanding of traditional religious terms1 shows a noticeable lack of interest in the forms of worship1 but a keen appreciation of the spiritual1 and is passing through a period when great resolves are most often made4 ,,characteristics ,,of ,,later ,,adolescence ,during the period of later adolescence from fifteen to eighteen years of age1 the body nearly attains its maximum growth1 the mind begins to show its dominance over the body1 and all the bodily impulses grow stronger and more vigorous4 ,altruism steadily increases2 the consciousness of society grows2 an appreciation of individual worth and thought develops2 the call of sex and the love emotion grows in strength2 sentiment is inclined to become strong2 boundless enthusiasm manifests itself2 and organization and cooperation begin to appeal and be appreciated more and more4 ,there is a growth in logic1 independent thought1 alertness in thinking1 and quickness of receptive powers4 ,the boy at this age is in the period of highest resolves and greatest endeavor1 is apt to show religious skepticism1 and reason often takes the place of his faith4 ,classes of ,boys or ,boy ,types ,in talking about boys either in the aggregate or as individuals it is best to consider them as representative of certain definite types4 ,boy life can be more easily considered in this way by making special study of particular boy types4 ,in the first place there are the psychological types--the choleric1 the sanguine1 the phlegmatic1 and the hybrid4 ,there are also the types of real life with which we are most familiar--the masterful1 the weak1 the mischievous1 the backward1 the shy1 the bully1 the joker1 the smartie1 the echo or shadow1 the quiet or reticent1 the girl-struck1 the self-conscious1 the unconscious1 and the forgetful4 ,lastly1 we should also consider the different types of the unfortunate boys1 including the deficient1 the delinquent1 the criminal1 the dependent1 the neglected1 the foreign born1 the wage-earner1 the poverty-stricken1 boys of very wealthy parents1 overambitious boys who have overambitious parents1 and street boys who are either loafers or engaged in street trades1 or are compelled to use the street as a playground4 ,,the ,,choleric ,,boy ,the choleric fellow who is always off at half-cock1 running his head into danger whenever he can1 and who is extremely hectic in his make-up1 is always a problem4 ,he needs a strong hand4 ,sometimes he will need even physical repression1 but he always demands great care and patience4 ,the ,teacher should deal with each class of boys largely by suggestion1 but in the case of the choleric fellow he will often need to use orders and demonstrate that he himself is in the saddle4 ,,the ,,sanguine ,,boy ,the sanguine fellow is the normal boy who1 having a good digestion1 a good home and no cause for worry1 sees things as they are and is apt to take them as they come4 ,he will be the easiest kind of a boy to get along with1 and the only thing that the ,teacher will have to do may be to provide for stimulation of his interest and ambition4 ,,the ,,phlegmatic ,,type ,the phlegmatic chap requires patience more than anything else2 generally slow of body1 he is usually slow of speech and thought4 ,if the ,teacher is not careful he will be apt to call him dense1 and speak to him sharply and at times rather crossly4 ,he cannot do this if he expects to win the fellow4 ,temperamentally1 nature has made him what he is1 and the ,teacher will have to work harder1 make things more concrete that he wants to teach1 and hold his impatience in check4 ,phlegmatic though he is1 he will prove solid in everything he does1 and he will be either a rock of strength or of weakness to the ,teacher4 ,if he likes the ,teacher nothing will shake his love1 but if he has a dislike for him1 then the ,teacher is at the end of his endeavor as far as he is concerned4 ,,the ,,hybrid ,,boy ,,is ,a ,,problem ,the hybrid boy always furnishes a guessing contest--impulsive today1 he has to be repressed2 phlegmatic tomorrow1 he has to be stimulated2 and he may be sanguine the next day4 ,there never was a pleasanter boy to work with1 but like the chameleon you are never sure of his color4 ,breath of balm and snow1 ,june and ,march together1 ,in an hour or so4 ,just because he is so changeable the ,teacher should show him his best thought and work4 ,it is just such fellows who are inclined to be shiftless and who are generally crowded out in the fight for life4 ,somewhere in the boy's nature1 if the ,teacher is patient1 he will find the rock bottom upon which to build manhood and citizenship4 ,such achievement1 however1 comes only by great patience and hard work4 ,,the ,,masterful ,,boy ,,and ,,the ,,weak ,,boy ,the masterful and weak boys represent the antipodes of boyhood4 ,the masterful boy will see things quickly1 will be the leader of his gang1 will instinctively dominate and run the class unless the ,teacher is on his job4 ,the weak boy will follow anywhere1 be the cause good or bad1 and become either a devil or a saint4 ,the masterful boy may be handled by appealing to his sense of leadership4 ,responsibility should be placed upon him4 ,the ,teacher should make him feel that he is leaning heavily on him4 ,the weak boy on the other hand should be tied up to some steady phlegmatic fellow1 the phlegmatic fellow being given the vision of how he can be an older brother to the boy not as strong as himself4 ,the result will be that the weak boy will catch some of the spirit of the phlegmatic chap1 and gradually get some depth for himself4 ,,the ,,mischievous ,,boy ,of all the boy types1 the mischievous boy furnishes the real pleasure for the worker with boys4 ,the fellow whose eyes can twinkle and who will play a practical trick on the friend he most respects is always a delight4 ,it is he that keeps the crowd in good humor1 who is generally deepest and most abiding in his affection1 and who at the drop of the hat would fight to the last ditch for his friend4 ,to handle him rightly does not require a six-foot rod1 or a half-inch rule4 ,but the ,teacher must keep him so busy doing the things that he likes that he will have no dull moments in which to vent his inborn sense of humor4 ,,the ,,backward ,,boy ,the backward boy will need to be led out of himself4 ,give him things to do which will make him forget himself and1 by careful utilization of his time1 gradually he will develop into a normal boy4 ,,the ,,shy ,,boy ,the shy boy has merely become shy because of lack of association4 ,usually he has been brought up with his mother and sisters and merely lacks the touch of a man and a man's viewpoint4 ,after he comes in contact with other boys1 this will wear away4 ,the problem of the ,teacher is to get the other boys in his class to pilot the boy into the deeper waters4 ,,smartie ,,and ,,joker ,,types ,the smartie and the joker types are thorns in the flesh4 ,just as thorns when pressed in too deeply require a surgical operation to remove them1 so it may be necessary for the ,teacher to sit on both the smartie and the joker4 ,if the other boys of the class make up their minds to unite in the task1 both the smartie and joker will become normal boys in less than one season's activities1 and the ,teacher will show his generalship to be of the real sort by enlisting the other boys to do the job4 ,,the ,,echo ,,or ,,shadow ,,type ,the echo or shadow type is a serious problem4 ,he it is who generally hinders the good things in life and helps the bad4 ,he can swear by the ward boss in party politics1 or he can prove himself an obstacle in the way of civic and national righteousness4 ,the ,teacher's task in his case is to somehow or other strike the cord of independence1 teach him to do things by himself1 think for himself and stand on his own feet4 ,along the coasts of the ,north ,sea1 they teach boys to swim by throwing them out beyond their depth4 ,it may be necessary to awaken manhood and independence in the echo by swamping him when he is alone4 ,,the ,,bully ,the bully will be the worst type for the ,teacher until the right boy comes along2 there is no use in the ,teacher worrying himself until he does1 because of the bully's bluster and bluff4 ,usually the normal boy will accept him at his face value1 and it is only when a lad with self-assertion comes along that the sparks will fly4 ,then the bully will have to back down or take his medicine4 ,a fight between boys is usually not a good thing1 but when it comes to putting the bully in his place it is one of the greatest institutions that the savage man has invented4 ,once a bully has lost his place1 he may bluster1 but his bluff is over4 ,,the ,,quiet ,,or ,,reticent ,,boy ,the quiet or reticent fellow is like the mighty sweeping river4 ,he has depths which have been unsounded1 and his life has promise of great possibilities4 ,just the opposite of the bully1 he never blusters but thinks out everything as it comes to him4 ,every impression is stored away and out of the countless impressions which are made upon him there emerges a man of real and wide interests4 ,the task of the ,teacher in his case will be to discover his interests and help him to discover himself4 ,,the ,,girl-,,struck ,,boy ,the girl-struck fellow somewhat discourages the worker with boys1 and yet it is natural that the boy should look with favorable eyes upon the girl1 just as the robin hears and answers to the call of his mate4 ,let no ,teacher or any worker with boys of any organization that has ever been founded dream for one moment that either he or his institutions can ever block out the lure of the girl4 ,the girl-struck boy will have numerous cases of puppy love1 and it will be the task of the ,teacher to lead the boy into the kind of social relations that will enable him to be a real value to those of the opposite sex whom he may meet4 ,the boy will prove a much better husband and father because of his experience4 ,,the ,,self-,,conscious ,,and ,,the ,,unconscious ,,boy ,the self-conscious and the unconscious boys are merely victims of their surroundings4 ,the self-conscious fellow has no confidence in himself4 ,he is continuously measuring himself by others and is possibly the victim of parental teaching4 ,the constant injunction to act like ,little ,willie next door may have gotten on the boy's nerves1 and if the lad has a chance without undue embarrassment he will soon reach the normal stage1 and be always a little more courteous and respectful and thoughtful than the fellow without this experience4 ,the unconscious fellow on the other hand will plug along doing all sorts of absurd things1 because of his lack of knowledge of the fitness of things4 ,he is generally the boy who grows up without any sense of consistency1 and who has had very much his own way of doing things4 ,he will need to be helped to adjust himself to his environment and to the way that other fellows live4 ,he also will develop as a good man if the ,teacher is a good worker4 ,,the ,,forgetful ,,boy ,the same may be said about the forgetful boy and1 in fact1 about all boys4 ,the forgetful boy has merely not been interested enough to give his attention to the things that the ,teacher wants him to do4 ,once a boy has his interest aroused1 the ,teacher will have no need of complaint of forgetfulness or of any lack of interest in the boy4 ,,the ,,unfortunate ,,boys ,the types which have been discussed will generally work out all right and find their places in the various social strata in the community in which they live4 ,the unfortunate boys1 however1 are handicapped tremendously by their environment and surroundings1 and it will often become a part of the ,teacher's work to help secure a change in these environments4 ,boys of very wealthy parents and boys from homes of poverty are usually sinned against by their parents4 ,the parents of both are either so busy making money and spending it in the social whirl1 or so pushed by the pangs of hunger and the fight for life1 that the children who are brought into the world are left either very much to themselves or to underlings who have very little interest in the boy's welfare4 ,it is these neglected boys that oftenest produce our great criminals4 ,all boys of this type somehow or other are tied together4 ,the neglected boy generally becomes the delinquent and the delinquent boy the criminal1 so that what might be said about one might also be said about all4 ,this class constitutes our national deficit when we come to consider our assets in manhood1 and the ,teacher can do a tremendous thing here by helping to form the undeveloped wills of these unfortunate fellows4 ,,the ,,deficient ,,and ,,the ,,dependent ,the deficient boy and the dependent are really out of the scope of the ,teacher4 ,the dependent class will have to be taken care of by the charitable institutions of the ,state1 and the deficient boy because of his lack of mental development will always be a ward of the community4 ,,the ,,wage-,,earner ,,and ,,the ,,overambitious ,,boys ,the wage-earning boys and the boys of overambitious parents or those who are overambitious themselves need all the help and sympathy that they can get from a ,teacher4 ,the father who is pushing his boy because of his own ambition will very often need to be talked to by the ,teacher or his friends1 and given an understanding of the crime he is committing against his own child4 ,the overambitious fellow who is pushing everything aside for a definite thing in life will often have to be talked to in the plainest language by the ,teacher to get him to see his other responsibilities and duties in life4 ,the wage-earning boy who works from early in the morning until late at night to keep bread in his mouth and breath in his body will compel the ,teacher1 if he is really thoughtful1 to give up some of the things which he has already held dearest and possibly lead his wage-earning boy into outdoor activities1 even on the half holidays which he would naturally spend in the circle of his own family4 ,,the ,,street1 ,,foreign-,,born ,,and ,,negro ,,boys ,the street1 foreign-born and negro boys will furnish very much the same kind of problem2 because of a general rule1 they may be all grouped under the wage-earning class4 ,some may be more shiftless than others and may need more attention1 while others may be merely awaiting the touch of sympathy and the helping hand to make strong men out of them4 ,a goodly percentage of our greatest ,americans have been foreign-born boys1 and1 if there is any class that the ,teacher should be more patient with than others1 it is the immigrant and the son of the immigrant4 ,grouping ,standards ,the ,teacher will find it greatly to his advantage to group his boys according to some standard4 ,unfortunately1 all standards1 so far1 are more or less artificial1 but approximate success may be secured by using the experience of boy workers in various parts of the country4 ,the standard which is most generally used is that of age4 ,it is also the most unsatisfactory4 ,boys mature physically rather than chronologically4 ,this makes the age standard a poor guess1 because a boy may be physically fourteen when he is chronologically eleven1 and vice versa4 ,if the age standard be used1 it would be preferable to group all the boys of twelve years together1 then the thirteen-year-old boys in another group1 and the same with the fourteen1 the fifteen1 the sixteen1 and the seventeen-year-old boys4 ,this would be rather hard to do in small places1 although perfectly feasible in a larger town or city4 ,because of its impossibility1 as far as the rural districts are concerned1 it might be well to divide the years from twelve to eighteen into three standards--twelve to fourteen1 fourteen to sixteen1 and sixteen to eighteen4 ,the age grouping1 however1 will never be reliable in achieving results1 as the individual physical development varies so much4 ,the height and weight standard is more scientifically correct than the age standard1 although it has not been tested out enough to warrant any authoritative declaration in its favor4 ,if this method is used for grouping1 the standards for athletic competition among the boys might be used2 that is1 all the boys of ninety pounds and under might be put together1 the same being true for those under one hundred and ten1 one hundred and twenty-five1 and one hundred and forty pounds4 ,if height is used1 boys of fifty-six and a half inches in height and classifying under ninety pounds in weight might be grouped together4 ,also boys of sixty-three inches in height and coming within the one hundred and ten pound weight4 ,this standard will doubtless become the real basis of all groupings in the future1 but as yet it needs more demonstration in order that the various classifications may be made accurately4 ,a simple and rather satisfactory way of grouping is by the school boy or wage-earning boy standard4 ,if the boy happens to be in the grammar school he may be grouped with boys of his own educational advancement2 so with the boys who are in the secondary or high schools1 and the same may be said of working boys who are forced to earn their own livelihood4 ,possibly the best and most satisfactory way of grouping boys is by their interest4 ,some boys will be mutually interested in collecting stamps1 riding a bicycle1 forming a mounted patrol1 working with wireless1 in music and orchestra work1 etc41 and boys grouping together according to such kindred interests as they manifest has proven most satisfactory in general boys' work4 ,problems of ,boy-handling ,simplified by ,natural ,standard ,grouping ,grouping the boys according to natural standards makes the problem of handling them much simpler4 ,boys between twelve and fourteen are in the age of authority1 and the word of the ,teacher will settle most difficulties that arise4 ,boys between fourteen and sixteen are in the age of experience1 and an opportunity must be given them to check up what they are told by what they are experiencing4 ,between twelve and fourteen authority may be rigid4 ,between fourteen and sixteen it must be giving way to reason4 ,authority will still continue to settle the boys' disputes1 but it will be the authority that gives reasons for its action4 ,boys between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years can only be handled on the basis of cooperation4 ,they have passed from the stage of blindly following what they are told4 ,they have experience enough to know that they are able to do things themselves1 and they have discovered enough things to give them a basis of doing things on their own account4 ,the way to handle boys rightly in this group will be by tactful suggestion and cooperation on the part of the teacher4 ,there will be very little difficulty with the groupings if the ,sunday school superintendent or teacher respects the natural1 group ganging of the boys4 ,the boys themselves group1 not according to mental efficiency tests1 but according to physiological development4 ,thus we find boys of various chronological ages in the same gang4 ,a little common sense will prevent many blunders4 ,securing ,teen ,age ,teachers ,as soon as ,sunday school teaching becomes a dignified1 worth-while job1 men will be attracted to the task and privilege4 ,the unemployed male members of the church will then be led to see that there is something real to be achieved4 ,the vision of a symmetrically developed boy is all that is needed to get most men4 ,of course1 they demand a plan1 and the organized ,sunday school class with through-the-week activities will supply that4 ,sometimes it is a good thing to send the boys themselves after the teachers4 ,this has been found to be of great profit in several places4 ,the request coming from the boys means a lot more than coming from the superintendent4 ,the following extracts from two letters of a teen age superintendent give point to this idea4 ,on ,sunday a bunch of the younger boys came to ,mr4 ,ball1 and said1 ',we have no teacher2 will you get one for us8' ,mr4 ,ball looked at them1 and said1 ',who do you want1 fellows8' ,they looked at each other--this was something new4 ',who do we want8' and the leader turned around and said to the fellows1 ',say1 fellows1 who do we want8' ,a hurried consultation revealed the fact that they wanted1 of course1 one of the prominent men of the church4 ,mr4 ,ball said1 ',all right2 get hold of my coat-tail'2 and the crew got hold1 and formed a snake line1 and out of the school they went1 upstairs to one of the class-rooms1 in search of ,mr4 ,b4 ,they found that he had left for home1 and the boys looked at ,mr4 ,ball and said1 ',now1 what shall we do8' ,mr4 ,ball said1 ',well1 fellows1 you know where he lives4 ,i can't go with you1 but you fellows go to his home and camp there until he says yes4' ,off they started4 ,several men were telling me this story1 and one is a neighbor of ,mr4 ,b's4 ,he said that when he got home from ,sunday school last ,sunday--a bitter cold day--he went out into his back yard1 and1 glancing over the fences1 he saw a bunch of twelve boys lined up on ,mr4 ,b's back porch1 stamping their feet4 ,he called across to them1 ',say1 fellows1 what's the matter8' ',we're looking for a ,sunday school teacher1' they yelled back4 ,he said he thought he'd drop4 ,the next morning ,mr4 ,ball met ,mr4 ,b4 in the street car1 and he grinned across at him and said1 ',did a group of boys call on you yesterday1 ,mr4 ,b48' ',they certainly did1' he replied1 with a broad grin4 ',well1 did they get you8' ',did they get me8 ,yes1 they sure got me1 and from now on ,i'm going to teach their class2 there was nothing else for me to do4' ,the story of another teacher acquired in this way reads as follows3 ,before the boys got to his house the man was getting ready for bed4 ,he had fixed the furnace1 and had his bath robe on when the door-bell rang4 ,he had just said to his wife that he did not think any one would call that night1 and it was then about nine-thirty4 ,when the bell rang his wife snickered1' as he put it4 ,he went down stairs1 turned the gas on low1 and opened the door4 ,three older fellows stood on the porch4 ,he looked at them and they at him and then he asked them in4 ,they filed in--fellows #ag and #ah years of age4 ,he led the way into the library1 like a monk in flowing robes1 and the three fellows followed4 ,seating themselves solemnly they stated the cause of their visit1 and he started to remonstrate1 etc4 ,they settled themselves comfortably in their chairs1 and said they had come to camp there until he 'saw it4' ,this is the man's own story4 ,he said that when he saw they were in earnest he told them he would like to teach a class of fellows such as they1 and that he would take the class if they would get on the job4 ,the ,teen ,age ,older ,boy as ,teacher ,increasing attention is being given in some places to the training of older boys for the teaching of younger groups in the ,sunday school4 ,on ,decision ,day volunteers are being asked to enter a ,training ,class1 and choice ,christian boys are in this way being interested in the teaching work of the school4 ,in other places older boys are being put in charge of younger boys' classes1 and are meeting1 either on ,sunday or on a week-night1 for training4 ,this latter plan affords real laboratory work1 without which teacher-training courses are pure theory4 ,we learn by doing4 ,the teen age boy as teacher will ultimately solve the problem of the teen age teaching force4 ,as ,japan1 ,corea1 ,india and ,china must eventually be ,christianized by native ,christian forces1 so the teen age in the ,sunday school will1 of necessity1 in principle and practice1 be led by the teen age4 ,the duty of the missionary in non-christian lands is to train the native forces for the task of ,christianizing these lands2 likewise1 the men of this ,sunday school generation must lead and train the older adolescent in the ,secondary ,division of the school for the leading of the teen age into the service of the church4 ,,preparation ,,for ,,teaching ,the really great task of the ,christian adult and older boy in the ,sunday school is a real training for service4 ,stopping the leak from the teen age in the ,sunday school will never be accomplished until workers are willing to prepare and equip themselves to a point where their wisdom1 ability and consecration will attract the active minds of the teen boys4 ,every teacher should be an ,international ,standard ,teacher ,training graduate4 ,information concerning this course can be obtained from any ,sunday ,school ,association4 ,,patience ,,necessary ,,in ,,the ,,teacher ,things cannot happen in a day4 ,christianity itself is a growing1 developing thing4 ,first the seed1 then the blade1 then the ear1 then the full corn in the ear4 ,have patience6 ,maybe you will have to win the boys yourself first1 before you can win them for ,him4 ,read this letter from a man who has the vision1 the plan and a lot of common-sense patience1 and think it over3 ,very recently ,i came across your card1 and it brought to mind the promise ,i made to report progress with my class of boys4 ,you see so many people in the course of a week1 to say nothing of a couple of months1 that it may be well to remind you that ,i am the chap who came to your room in ----1 and afterward stuck to you all the way to ---- when you were leaving town4 ,when ,i saw you ,i was having an average attendance of three1 if one is allowed to stretch a fraction of a boy into a whole one1 and a membership in the class of four4 ,these boys had lost all interest in the ,sunday school1 and it was only that ',dad said you must' that any of them came at all to the service4 ,today ,i have done as well as the faithful servants1 and behold my four talents have gained other four4 ,there is no longer a membership and average attendance1 for they all come when they are not sick or out of town2 and one thing which is a wonder to me is that a good many of the boys from other schools come to us whenever there is no service in their own churches4 ,i have not said 'now boys' to this class once1 but we have gone hunting caves and are going again next ,thursday1 and we are all going camping if we can arrange a time during the summer4 ,these boys1 who used to come to the church with a lurching walk and underlip stuck out1 now come in like men4 ,they have covered the class room walls with pictures from magazines1 have brought rocking chairs from home and use their room as the place to plan the fun for the following week4 ,they have1 after some pretty violent pushing from the teacher1 petitioned the powers to give the basement of the church over to them and the other classes of intermediate grade for the purpose of having a social evening once each week4 ,the petition has been granted and we will probably open up about ,may #afth4 ,none of my class show any violent signs of getting converted yet1 but when one considers that this is a class who could not keep a teacher over three or four ,sundays2 who used to start a rough-house on all proper and improper occasions1 and who had been known to throw books or any other handy article when they got sick of hearing any more ,bible1 ,i think ,i can report progress4 ,the most of my boys were arrested a couple of months ago for breaking into summer camps and looking around4 ,today three of them came to my office with one of their friends who had cut his foot and told me all about their trouble1 owning up to the whole business and ending by saying that if ,i would take their ,boy ,scout society they would cut all that kind of business out4 ,i wish to ,god ,i had the time to take up this ,boy ,scout job1 but ,i have not2 but ,i will do the next best thing by taking them hiking on ,thursday1 which is my day of rest4 ,one can't teach boys like these the beauties of religion any more than he can teach ,greek to a puppy4 ,they are not up to this kind of thing1 so ,i am trying to teach them to be men1 and when we get that lesson we will try the higher one4 ,of course1 ,i give them the moral side of every lesson and point out how ,god has worked through some mighty mean material4 ,we still have a fight once in a while during class hours1 and ,i call time when they get too near the stove1 but this is to be expected in a class which is entirely self-governing4 ,i never have said one word about anything they have done in the class1 except to impress upon them that they should be men and the lesson is working slowly4 ,now1 my good sir1 don't try to reply to this letter4 ,i know you get a good many just like it1 and ,i am writing just to give you my experience in the hope that it may help some one else2 also because ,i promised to let you know what progress the class was making4 ,if you will drop into ---- in a year from now ,i hope to be able to point to a much larger class than the first six months has shown and to show you the majority in the church4 ,thanking you for reading this far and with kindest wishes1 ,i am ,very truly yours4 ,the ,boy the ,main ,issue ,the idea that must continually be kept in mind is the boy's good and the boy4 ,a lot of our teachers in the public schools are trying to teach the subject-matter of the book when they ought to be teaching the boy4 ,they employ static methods4 ,you can get up a goal for attainment and the boy will reach the goal4 ,generally1 however1 he will go no higher than you point4 ,your teaching should be dynamic rather than static4 ,aim to secure balanced1 symmetrical activities for your class4 ,remember your boy is four-sided1 that he is physical1 mental1 social and religious in his nature4 ,do not neglect any one side of him1 but get the proper agencies to cooperate with you for these ends4 ,let the boys do whatever they can4 ,merely insist on adequate adult supervision4 ,above all be patient1 practical and business-like and remember that old heads never grow on young shoulders4 ,the ,sunday school ,teacher should take his place in the community by the side of the teacher of secular instruction4 ,he is an educator1 and is dealing with the most plastic and most valuable asset in the community--boyhood4 ,let him take his task seriously1 look upon his privilege with a desire to accomplish great things1 and always remember that the good of the boy is his ultimate aim4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,the ,,teen ,,age ,,teacher ,brumbaugh4--,the ,making of a ,teacher 7#a4jj74 ,foster4--,starting to ,teach 74#dj74 ,james4--,talks to ,teachers 7#a4ej74 ,kirkpatrick4--,individual in the ,making 7#a4be74 ,mc,elfresh4--,training of ,sunday-school ,teachers 7in preparation74 ,schauffler4--,lamoreaux-,brumbaugh-,law rance4 ,training the ,teacher 7#a4jj74 ,,xx ,,danger ,,points ,a real danger lies in boys' groups which are seemingly organized1 yet which really have no organization4 ,a few ,bible classes have officers1 such as president1 secretary1 and treasurer1 and a few standing committees1 all of whom take no real part in the class life1 the teacher doing everything himself and attempting to deceive the boys by giving them a show of organization4 ,such classes are detrimental to the spirit of boys' work1 and should not be tolerated4 ,the teacher who cannot retire his leadership to the rear of the class1 instead of posing at the front1 is another serious damper to organized work with boys in the ,sunday school4 ,a leader should have a strong ,christian character1 have the quality of commanding the respect of boys1 have the ability to direct boys in doing things1 be keen in his sympathy1 have patience and persistence1 and be absolutely natural in his bearing4 ,he encourages freedom of thought on the part of the boys1 believes that a boy has brains enough of his own to think on any point that may be discussed1 is open and above-board in his teaching1 has a strong grip upon the practical truths of life1 and tries to lead his boys out of doubt and difficulty by the path of service4 ,if dangers such as these be eliminated from boys' work in connection with the ,sunday school1 and if the spirit of sincerity and earnestness pervades the work of the leaders1 there should be little difficulty in raising the boy through the physical1 social and mental to the larger spiritual expression for which the church stands4 ,every week hundreds of boys of the adolescent years are lining up for ,christian service all over our land1 and if the ideas and directions given these boys are of the right sort1 within one generation there will be no boy problem1 for the boy problem of this generation is not the problem of the boys1 but the problem of the men who are leading boys4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,danger ,,points ,the ,older ,boy ,sunday ,school ,superintendent 7,american ,youth1 ,october1 #aiab74 74#bj74 ,robinson4--,the ,adolescent ,boy in the ,sunday ,school 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiaa74 ,single copies out of print but bound volume for #aiaa may be obtained for #a4ej4 ,statten4--,danger ,lines in ,using ,boys 7,american ,youth1 ,june1 #aiab7 74#bj74 ,,xxi ,,the ,,rural ,,sunday ,,school ,the problem of the rural ,sunday school is its size and equipment4 ,the average number in the school is around eighty1 and the building is nearly always a single room4 ,some very small villages1 near great cities1 and even some struggling mission ,sunday schools in these cities have to contend with the same problem4 ,some of this volume will apply to the rural ,sunday school1 and some will not4 ,it is the province of this chapter to point out the parts that apply4 ,everything that has to deal with the ,organized ,class or group is applicable4 ,the ,organized ,class is the unit and beginning of all organization4 ,the boy gang1 or group1 is common to both city and rural district4 ,there is no problem in either place1 if there is no group of boys4 ,the ,departmental groupings may not be feasible4 ,usually they are not4 ,there may not be enough groups of boys to form a club or ,boy ,scout ,troop or a chapter of a boy order4 ,generally this is true4 ,and1 after all1 it is a distinct gain to the ,sunday school1 as the grouping that is made by force of compulsion is the ,organized ,class or group4 ,the chapter on the ,organized ,sunday ,school ,bible ,class will apply itself to the rural school1 wherever there is a half dozen boys and it is given a chance4 ,the chapter on ,bible ,study will likewise fit into the rural situation4 ,no matter whether the boys be urban or rural1 they demand ,bible ,study that will fit into their religious1 developing needs4 ,perhaps ,bible ,study courses with rural application need to be arranged1 and ,i am led to believe that the illustrative material should be vastly different from that used for city boys1 and of a rural character4 ,however1 there has been too much written and spoken of the difference between rural and urban boys4 ,the differences discovered by the writer seem to be all in favor of the country boy--more wholesome surroundings1 more quiet and less nerve-destroying interests1 and more time1 because of fewer commercial amusements to really discover things for themselves4 ,the average rural boy has read more and knows more about current events than the city-bred lad4 ,the country boy should not be provincialized by his ,bible ,study1 or anything else4 ,he should be given as large a touch with the world of men and letters as any one else4 ,the illustrations used in ,lesson ,helps1 etc41 should have some bearing on the life he leads1 that the application of the study may germinate in his daily life1 else the study will have little meaning1 but he needs no separate1 distinct courses4 ,it is not a different selection of material1 but a different treatment that is needed4 ,the ,denominational ,leaders will sooner or later be forced to heed this cry from the largest section of the ,sunday school field4 ,until they do ,graded ,lessons will not gain materially in the open country4 ,on the other hand1 where there is only one group of adolescent boys in the ,sunday school1 ,graded ,lessons are practicable1 as well as necessary to the best religious development of boyhood4 ,the grading is cut down to a minimum1 and it merely means fewer classes studying the same lesson4 ,it would mean just the one group1 with a new course each year4 ,the difficulty is not with the lessons1 but with the school officials and the teacher4 ,the chapter on ,through-the-,week ,activities is very applicable4 ,the gang will get together some time1 on ,saturday night1 if not at another time4 ,the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association ,county ,work ,secretaries are getting the boys of the open country together for week-night meetings without trouble4 ,get something doing and see how quickly the rural boys will get together4 ,these activities again will differ greatly from those of city boys4 ,there will be great emphasis on the ,social and ,mental as against the ,out-of-,door doings of the urban adolescents4 ,the principle already laid down1 to let the boys themselves decide the activity1 will settle this difficulty at the start4 ,so as to the chapter on the ,teen ,age ,teacher6 ,boys and men are the same pretty much1 wherever they live4 ,they may be more deliberate1 less showy1 and steadier in some places than others1 but we cannot admit inferiority or lack of interest on the part of the splendid rural boy4 ,he is filling the big jobs in our cities today1 and will as long as the cities last4 ,the teen age teacher in the rural school needs to master himself for his task4 ,he is doing a bigger piece of work than his brother of the city school4 ,he is preparing men for urban leadership4 ,to make a long story short1 the parts of this book that deal with the small group are applicable to the rural ,sunday school4 ,the teen age teacher in the rural school should begin with these1 and maybe after a while he will see opportunities for larger groupings4 ,the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association ,county ,work ,secretary certainly is4 ,inter-,sunday school work is possible by the ,sunday school forces themselves4 ,a fitting close to this chapter is the challenge to the teen age teachers of the rural schools1 which ,mr4 ,preston ,g4 ,orwig has hurled at ,north ,america3 ,every rural school has its quota of workers who are1 perhaps unconsciously1 limiting their own usefulness1 as well as retarding the progress of the school1 by meeting every new plan of work proposed with the statement that1 ',that plan is all right for the city1 but it won't work here because we have so few members and our people live so far apart4' ,with the exception of the man who constantly reminds us that 'we did not do it this way thirty years ago1' and who1 in some cases1 is really a menace to the work1 there is no greater obstacle confronting workers in rural schools4 ,in a recent conference of ,secondary ,division workers in rural ,sunday schools1 a speaker was advocating the necessity of recognizing the fourfold--physical1 mental1 social and spiritual--life of the scholars1 in planning for the work of the class4 ,the tremendous opportunity of teachers for reaching adolescent boys for ,jesus ,christ1 through their physical and social instincts1 was emphasized4 ,luke #b3eb was quoted to clinch the argument4 ,in the discussion that followed everybody seemed satisfied that a broader policy of work should be pursued4 ,at this juncture a man in the audience arose1 and1 in a most uncompromising manner1 attempted to show that it was useless to promote such methods for rural schools1 as the scattered population and limited membership made it impossible to develop the work along the lines proposed4 ,later in the day1 two of the members in this man's own class were interviewed1 and1 in answer to direct questions concerning the above two points1 stated that during the winter months older boys and girls1 many of whom attended that very school1 went as often as three nights a week to a small pond in the community to skate1 some of them traveling from three to four miles to get there4 ,other sports were indulged in1 according to the season1 and1 according to these boys1 they seldom experienced great difficulty in getting 'a crowd' together4 ,frequently their games wound up in a grand free-for-all fight4 ,now1 had this teacher recognized the educative value of supervised play and planned to meet his fellows on the ice1 as a class1 he would have formed contacts there which he could never hope to form by simply meeting them in the ,sunday afternoon session4 ,in addition to that he would have an opportunity to help the class to apply practically the truths of the ,sunday lesson in the activities of everyday life4 ,it would be well for such workers to remember that in some of our larger cities one must oftentimes travel from one to two hours on crowded trolley cars1 in distance1 perhaps1 eight or ten miles1 in order to meet with his class4 ,again1 in some sections of the city1 populated mostly by foreigners1 the ,sunday schools are often smaller1 in point of membership1 than many of the rural schools4 ,it matters not whether the boy or girl lives in the city or country1 the needs are the same4 ,what is needed is ',visioned ,leadership4' ,it is1 in a sense1 pathetic1 to note that these objections are always of adult origin and are not the verdict of the boys4 ,they1 however1 must suffer in a handicapped development1 through the shortsightedness of their leaders4 ,where there's a will1 there's a way4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,the ,,rural ,,sunday ,,school ,cope4--,efficiency in the ,sunday ,school 7#a4jj74 ,fiske4--,the ,challenge of the ,country 74#ge74 ,the ,rural ,church ,message--,men and ,religion ,movement 7#a4jj74 ,,xxii ,,the ,,relation ,,of ,,the ,,sunday ,,school ,,to ,,community ,,organizations ,the church school is not1 by any means1 the only force in the community1 as far as the boy is concerned1 but it is destined to be the biggest force4 ,the church1 itself1 is the most permanent institution of the community1 and will always be so1 as long as humanity remains religious4 ,in the church are all the conserving elements of the community--slow to change1 it stands for the best4 ,having adopted anything after approved worth commends it1 it tenaciously holds it in trust4 ,communities may have homes and schools1 but1 without the church1 they are not good places in which to live4 ,the church1 then1 because it is most permanent1 should tie the loyalty of the boy to herself4 ,this she best does through her school--the ,sunday school4 ,there are1 however1 other church forces in the community--organizations fostered and supported by the material and moral enthusiasm of the members of the church4 ,some of these organizations have been frankly formed for the purpose of assisting the church in some special field of religious education4 ,this is essentially true of such boy organizations as the ,knights of ,king ,arthur1 ,knights of ,st4 ,paul1 ,knights of the ,holy ,grail1 and the ,boys' ,brigade4 ,it is essentially true1 also1 of the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association4 ,the first of these--the boy organizations--constitutes a method which is at the disposal of the church4 ,the second--the ,christian ,association--has grown to be a mighty operating force1 with hundreds of employed officers and millions of dollars of property4 ,save for the fact that church members compose the directorates1 it is independent of the church4 ,with this and other organizations what can the church's relationship be8 ,the seeming answer would be cooperation--a glad working together for the general betterment of the community itself by tried and approved plans4 ,however1 a new condition has arisen1 which offers more than general cooperation between the ,church and these organizations for the teen age boy4 ,until recently the church school had no clear-cut method for working with the teen age lad1 while the boy organizations referred to had such a method1 and the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association1 after years of work1 has a force of more or less experienced experts in boy life in its employ4 ,the methods of these boy organizations and the boy experts of the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association must have a field of operation1 and the best field1 of course1 is that of the church school1 where boys should be found4 ,the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association1 in its own building1 touches but a minute fraction of the boy life of the city in which it operates1 and1 to touch the city boy life1 must get out of its building4 ,it then has a choice of fields1 ,public ,playground1 ,public ,school1 or ,community ,betterment4 ,if1 however1 it is true to the principle of its founding--to be an arm of the ,church among young men--that which it attempts to do should be tied up to the ,church1 or1 in the case of teen age boys1 to the church school4 ,to accomplish the latter1 what shall the procedure be8 ,shall the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association win the boy1 and then deliver him1 saved for service1 to the ,church1 or shall the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association work with the ,church as part of the ,church inside the church school8 ,common sense would say both ways1 and all other ways possible1 just so the boy stands saved and in the ,church for service4 ,and this is as it should be1 and the employed experts of the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association should render service to the ,church1 both within and without the ,church--and this service may be through method1 or organization1 or both4 ,at all times the weakness of the ,church should be the ,association's opportunity to help the ,church realize herself1 and this can best be accomplished by the constructive suggestion that works its way out on the inside of the organization4 ,little help comes from battering a wall on the outside4 ,at least it does not help the house inside any4 ,cooperation1 then1 must be understood as the internal assistance given the ,church herself to realize the need and the plan to meet it4 ,in this regard every organization must clearly understand the church it seeks to aid4 ,most organizations have singular aims and motives4 ,the ,church is a complex organization1 with many needs4 ,the church school has many divisions and departments1 has two sexes to minister to1 embraces all ages1 from the cradle to the grave1 and usually has no paid officers4 ,through it all proportion has to be maintained--balance of organization1 fair opportunity for all1 young or old1 male and female4 ,a plan for the education of the teen age boy will no more solve the problem of the ,sunday school than it would the educational1 physical employment1 or social difficulties of the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association4 ,in proper relationship to the other factors of the problem in church school1 or ,young ,men's ,christian ,association1 it would help the whole organization4 ,it surely takes more than plaster to make a house1 important as is plaster4 ,the ,sunday school has its own problems of organization1 sexes1 ages1 equipment1 equality1 fair-play1 opportunity1 leadership1 etc4 ,no organization can help these problems from the outside1 or by emphasis on any one phase4 ,gain in one department may be loss in another4 ,the ,sunday school needs proportionate gain4 ,the ,sunday school1 therefore1 should welcome any organization or method that bids fair to help in the solution of its problems4 ,it should eagerly avail itself1 especially1 of the aid that the ,boy ,life ,expert of the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association can give1 thus reducing religious1 economic duplication1 and achieving united conservation of boy life4 ,on the other hand1 the ,boy ,life ,expert of the ,young ,men's ,christian ,association should thoroughly acquaint himself with the genius of the ,sunday school1 the plan of its organization1 and the pith of all its problems of sex and age1 leadership and training1 aims and objectives4 ,he should also know thoroughly the policies of denominational and interdenominational ,sunday school bodies1 and1 where there are denominations in plural quantity1 this may mean a task worth while4 ,sometimes it is a slow process4 ,surely1 so6 ,the ,kingdom1 with all the wisdom of ,heaven1 has been twenty centuries in the building1 and it has been wrought out in the ,church4 ,the contribution that each man or woman makes must be small1 but likewise great in its possibilities1 if wisely1 patiently given4 ,an organization cannot be permanently helped by introducing into its life the methods of another without the process of assimilation2 neither can strength be given merely a part of the body to cure the whole4 ,organic tone is needed4 ,intelligent1 ,sunday school-wide cooperation6 ,this is the invitation of the church school to all existing organizations4 ,the conditions of the challenge are not easy1 but the task is interesting and worth while1 and the promise of increased efficiency is great indeed4 ,,bibliography ,,on ,,sunday ,,school ,,and ,,community ,,organizations ,lawrance4--,the ,cooperation ,sunday ,schools ,desire 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiaa7 74#bj74 ,flood4--,a ,federation of ,sunday ,school ,clubs 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiaa7 74#bj74 ,alexander4--,sunday ,school ,use of ,association ,equipment 7,american ,youth1 ,april1 #aiaa7 74#bj74 ,,footnotes3 #a3 ,makes provisions for sick and shut-ins but essentially meant for adults4 #b3 ,a large part of this chapter is taken from ,secondary ,division ,leaflet ,number #b1 ,international ,sunday ,school ,association4 #c3 ,older ,boy #d3 ,adult #e3 ,much of this ,chapter has been drawn from ,secondary ,division ,leaflet ,number #d1 ,international ,sunday ,school ,association4 #f3 ,much of this ,chapter has been drawn from ,secondary ,division ,leaflet ,number #a1 ,international ,sunday ,school ,association4 #g3 ,the ,executive ,committee of the ,department should have membership on the ,sunday ,school ,board4 #h3 ,these conference may also be state wide in their scope4 #i3 ,this ,chapter is largely drawn from ,international ,sunday ,school ,association1 ,second ,division ,leaflet ,number #e4 #aj3 ,this ,chapter is a compilation of articles written by the author in the ,westminster ,teacher and ,illinois ,trumpet ,call4 #aa3 ,this ,chapter is a blending of articles written for the ,boy ,scout ,master's ,handbook1 the ,adult ,magazine and hitherto unpublished material4