,transcriber's ,note3 ,hyphens splitting words across lines have been removed4 ,original spellings have generally been retained1 but the ,errata from the ,second ,edition 7at the end71 and a mistake in the ,errata 767 have been corrected silently4 ,the original text can be found in the ,,html version4 ,the ,latin epigraph translates as3 ,they all represent themselves as ,doctors--,the ,uneducated1 ,the ,priest1 ,the ,nurse1 and ,the ,barber1 ,the ,apothecary1 ,the ,old ,woman4 ,imprimatur1 ,novemb4 #ac4 #affi4 ,,sam4 ,,parker4 ,a ,,short ,,view ,,of ,,the ,,frauds1 and ,,abuses ,committed by ,,apothecaries2 ,as well in ,relation to ,,patients1 as ,,physicians3 ,,and ,of the only ,remedy thereof by ,,physicians making their own ,,medicines4 ,,by ,,christopher ,,merrett ,dr4 in ,physic1 ,fellow of the ,college of ,physicians1 and of the ,royal ,society4 ----,fingunt se ,medicos omnes1 ,idiota1 ,sacerdos1 ,nutrix1 ,tonsor1 ,pharmacopus1 ,anus4 ,the ,second ,edition more correct4 ,,london1 ,printed for ,james ,allestry1 ,printer to the ,royal ,society1 at the ,rose and ,crown in ,st4 ,paul's ,church-,yard1 #afgj ,a ,short ,view of the ,frauds and ,abuses committed by ,apothecaries1 as well in ,relation to ,patients1 as ,physicians2 and of the only remedy thereof by ,physicians making their own ,medicines4 ,doubtless it will seem strange to most men1 that after #cj years not unsuccessful practice in this great ,city1 ,i should now at last forbear sending my ,bills to the ,apothecaries1 knowing that hereby a whole ,company of men interested in the ,world 7who by their number1 noise1 and tricks1 may be able to decry any ,physician7 will become my implacable adversaries1 and by their private whispers of untrue tales1 will endeavour to their utmost1 either to keep me from any new1 or shuffle me out of my fixed imployment4 ,but not fearing the utmost their malice can invent1 or proclaim2 ,i shall publickly assert what ,i privately practice1 preferring the publick good1 and the honour of my profession before my own private profit4 ,and although ,i have had some experience what their groundless anger can do1 when they some years since proclaimed me in their publick ,hall their ,enemy1 for acting the ,college ,interest1 and of late for saving my ,patients lives and purses1 by dispencing gratis my ,medicines4 ,yet ,i hope no indifferent person1 when he knows that ,i have thus long slighted their weak endeavours1 will believe ,i can now at length have so poor an end as revenge2 especially when they shall consider on the one hand1 the universal and daily complaints of both ,patient and ,physician1 the great cause they have to do so1 and the little hope of a remedy1 and on the other1 besides that general obligation all men have of doing their ,country-men good1 and the particular necessity ,i have of justifying my actions1 by leaving the ,world their judg upon the account ,i shall here deliver of them4 ,and lastly1 that which will leave my ,enemies not any objection1 ,i take upon me not only a great trouble1 but charge1 without any other design then doing mankind good1 by endeavouring to restore my profession to its ancient and deserved honours4 ,and had ,i none of these inducements1 ,i am sure the vulgar excuse of friends importunities may be satisfactory to all persons for my publishing what ,i here do1 when ,i must acknowledge that many of my ,collegues and other ,practisers in several parts1 upon reading these papers furnished me not only with some bad practices of their own experience1 but thereupon enjoyed the publishing of them4 ,so that in these papers ,i do but speak the common language of all ,physicians1 and of very many ,patients4 ,neither are all their frauds and abuses here inserted1 the rest 7perhaps more in number7 being reserved to another opportunity4 ,i shall only add by way of preface2 that the last year a ,book was printed on the same argument1 by an inquisitive person1 now ,dr4 in ,physic1 which might have spared me this labour1 but that it was too large for every ones reading1 and in some things short4 ,it was his fate to be called by them ,fool1 ,ass1 and ,simple ,fellow1 and much worse language1 bragging that some of their ,boys should answer him4 ,but upon more serious thoughts1 the whole ,company have suffered it to find the credit it well deserves1 without the least reply but that of revilings4 ,in these ensuing papers1 ,i hope to prove1 that these abuses complain'd of by all sorts of persons1 arise from this only cause1 that ,physicians dispence not themselves such ,medicines1 they use for the relief of their ,patients1 but commit this work to the ,apothecaries1 or rather their ,servants4 ,now the ,apothecaries abuses generally relate either to the ,medicines1 ,patients1 or ,physicians2 which three do comprehend all ,i shall say on this subject4 ,but the ,reader is to take notice1 that all here charged on the ,apothecaries1 is not meant of every single one1 but of some1 or more of them1 and may in a short time in all probability be verified of them all1 according as their number1 cajoling the ignorant1 and bold daring in ,physic increase4 ,but before ,i descend to particulars1 ,i shall first lay down this ,proposition1 their own confession1 and in their own ,language1 viz4 ,that they may be the veriest ,knaves in ,england4 ,because they may put in bad ingredients1 and more or less then the composition requires1 they may substitute one thing for another2 and all this without being detected1 and consequently not be punished for such misdemeanors2 but more especially in ,medicines for private mens uses1 wherein they may do what they please without the least discovery of the ,patient1 and from this general confession of theirs1 it clearly follows1 that whatsoever deceit1 covetous wits can invent1 may at least be suspected to be used by them1 and whatsoever is here alledged may find easier belief4 ,and ,secondly1 ,most men wonder1 that this ,corporation1 being but of few years standing1 and to the setting up of whose ,trade so small a ,stock is necessary2 should live so high1 spend so freely1 gain so great ,estates1 by their return of so little money yearly1 which how 'tis done every man may conceive to be effected by the following ,artifices4 ,more particularly1 the ,frauds by them committed relate either to their falsifying of ,medicines1 or secondly1 to the number of their ,bills1 and prescriptions1 or thirdly1 to the prices of them4 ,first1 ,they use ,medicines quite contrary to the prescription1 ,myrtle-leafs shewed the ,censors for ,sena1 a ,binder for a ,purger4 ,mushroms of the ,oak1 c4 rub'd over with ,chalk for ,agaric1 which ,mr4 ,evelyn in his late publisht ,book of ,forest ,trees1 pag4 #bg4 observes1 to the great scandal of ,physic as he adds2 ,hemlock-,dropwort ,roots for ,pony ,roots1 ,poysons for wholesome remedies2 ,privet by some1 by others ,dog-berries1 for those of ,spina ,cervina1 no ,purgers for a strong one4 ,sheeps ,lungs for ,fox ,lungs1 the ,bone of an ,oxe ,heart for that of a ,stags ,heart1 ,damsons for ,damasc ,prunes1 ,syrup of ,limons1 for that of ,citrons1 ,bryony ,roots for ,mechoacan1 c4 ,secondly1 ,they falsify the grand ,compositions of the ,london ,dispensatory4 ,it being a common trade with them to buy unsound1 and decayed ,simples of some ,druggists1 and to return them back so much of the composition as will pay for the ,simples4 ,secondly1 whereas ,apothecaries are bound to shew publickly to the ,censors of the ,college1 and the ,master and ,wardens of their ,company1 ,mithridate1 ,diascordium1 ,alkermes1 c4 ,yet for all this some of them privately make a great deal more of the ,composition then is shewed1 of unsound ,drugs1 and some without any view at all2 others put in the ,scrapings that ought to be thrown away2 and by these ,arts they under-sell1 and ruine one another1 selling the ,composition at a lower rate then good ,ingredients cost them2 and with these complaints they daily mutiny amongst themselves4 ,thirdly1 ',tis very common for them to load ,medicines with ,honey1 and other cheaper ingredients1 and to leave out in whole or in part1 those of greater value2 viz4 ,saffron in ,ruffus ,pills1 and in ,oxycroceum ,plaster1 which latter1 they colour of a saffron colour with ,turmeric1 ,sanders c4 ,ambergrise in ,alkermes1 ,diascordium was found by the ,censors in their search made only of ,honey1 and ,bole-,armeniac4 ,which false composition was taken away by the then ,master of the ,company4 ,such ,chymists which sell preparations honestly made complain1 that few ,apothecaries will go to the prices of them4 ,whence it comes to pass1 that most of the preparations found in the ,shops are sophisticated1 to the great abuse of ,city and ,country4 ,these abuses daily increase since the ,censors1 discouraged by the multitude of ,empirics swarming in every ,corner1 have omitted their wonted searches1 being to their loss of time1 and expences out of their own ,purses for the publick good only4 ,now since the ,chymical ,oyls1 by reason of their great prices are most of them adulterated1 and very few of them right good1 and that nothing hath been published on this matter1 and to leave the buyers of them unexcusable1 ,i shall here add briefly1 yet sufficiently the ways to discover these ,cheats4 ,first for sweet-scented ,chymical ,oyls1 viz4 those of ,cloves1 ,cinnamon and ,sassaphras4 ,only drop a little of them into fair water1 and that part which is true good will sink under the water1 but the adulterated part will swim on the top of it4 ,some others draw deep tinctures from the said ,spices with ,spirit of ,wine highly rectified1 and sell them for the ,oyls2 but these mix with the water throughout1 neither swimming1 nor sinking4 ,others more craftily digest with the said tinctures some of the true ,oyls1 which compound being put into water1 will for a time render it white4 ,another way of sophisticating is with ,oyl of ,turpentine mixed in great quantity with that which is adulterated2 ,you may easily discover the ,oyl of ,turpentine1 by setting it on fire1 for it yields abundance of ill-scented smoak1 with very little savour of the ,herb1 ,flour1 or ,seed1 c4 and soon takes fire4 ,to correct the ill smell of the ,turpentine1 they digest it with1 and distil it off with ,spirit of ,wine4 ,those sophisticated with ,turpentine1 fired in a ,silver ,spoon colour it1 and quickly diffuse themselves upon a ,knife1 or ,paper4 ,the best way to try by firing1 is to put a drop or two of these ,oyls on the end of a broad pointed ,knife1 which being first heated1 and then thrust into a lighted ,candle1 presently take fire1 and break out into a flame with much dark smoak2 but if you will try them in a ,spoon1 heat it first over a ,candle1 and then blow the flame of lighted paper1 or of a ,wax ,candle on them4 ,to try the scent1 blow out the flame of the good ,oyls1 and your smell will soon discover the ill scent of the ,turpentine from that of the good ,oyl4 ,but on the contrary1 all ,oyls drawn from ,plants by distillation hardly flame1 and the flame soon goes out1 and the smoak gives a full flavour of the ,plant it self1 whereas those sophisticated as before1 differ from the true in both4 ,the same ,oyls are also sophisticated with cheap ones drawn from decayed ,oringes1 and ,limons2 ,your smell on firing will soon discover these mixtures4 ,a third way of sophisticating ,chymical ,oyls is1 by mixing with them such ,oyls as are made by expression1 which are easily discovered by rubbing them on white paper1 which being held and dryed at the fire1 the ,chymical part soon flyes away1 and leaves the paper transparent1 looking no otherwise then oyled paper2 but pure ,chymical ,oyls totally fly away1 leaving the paper white as 'twas before1 and not transparent1 and in this way ,oyl of sweet ,almonds and ,spike have a great share4 ,as for ,oyls drawn by ,retort1 they all of them smell so strong of the fire1 that neither smell nor tast can well discover any fraud in them4 ,now for the fixed ,salts1 most of them are made of the ,ashes of ,tobacco-stalks1 c4 ,more might be said for the discovery of the ,cheats of other ,chymical preparations1 which shall be reserved to another opportunity1 and had ,physicians just encouragement1 they would spend both their time and moneys on the like discoveries for the publick ,utility4 ,fifthly1 ,add to the former 7though perhaps 'tis an error of ignorance only7 that if such ,simples are prescribed they know not1 they fetch from the ,herb-women what they give them1 true or false2 for many of these ,women give to very many ,plants false names2 ,now if the ,apothecary be so careful to consult an ,herbal1 which few have1 and fewer know how to make use of1 yet they too frequently mistake the thing by reason of several names given to the same thing1 or of one name to several things1 and many of them consult the common ,dictionaries only1 which are most erroneous in the names of natural things2 insomuch that in my first practice 7being curious of these particulars7 ,i have found two or three mistakes in one prescription1 a ,catalogue of which mistakes1 and names ill given1 ,i had collected1 but the late fire consumed it1 though many of them my memory hath reserved4 ,sixthly1 ,many of the ,london1 and most of the ,country-,apothecaries1 buy of the whole-sale men1 who affirm of one another1 especially of such who gain great ,estates in short time1 that they cannot sell their ,medicines honestly made at so low a rate as they do4 ,seventhly1 ,i shall need to say little of such distilled waters1 as discover themselves neither to smell1 nor tast1 but shall only recite a known ,story of an ,apothecary1 who chid his man for sending away a ,customer that came for ,plantan water1 telling him there was enough at the ,pump4 ,eighthly1 ,as for ,ointments1 and ,plasters1 they are sold by some at so low a price1 viz4 #c d4 per l4 for ,ointments1 as ,i have been informed1 that 'tis not possible to make them at1 and yet such however falsifyed maintain a trade amongst ,country1 and low-priced ,city-,apothecaries1 and the ,chirurgeons profess they cannot effect their ,cures with the ,shop-,medicines1 and that this is the reason why they make their own ,oyls1 ,oyntments1 c4 as the ,apothecaries ,charter allows them to do2 and why may not ,physicians think this to be the cause why they sometimes fail in their ,cures1 as well as ,chirurgeons8 and also make their own ,medicines as well as they1 especially since the ,apothecary may as easily falsify1 and to greater profit in the one1 then in the other8 ,ninthly1 ,as to their use of bad or decayed ,drugs1 'tis so common a practice that ,i shall need to give but one notorious instance of it1 and 'tis this1 ,i having occasion to use some ,seeds1 sent for them to a ,seeds-man1 the ,messenger desiring to have those of the same ,year4 ,the ,tradesman knowing him to live with me1 asked1 if they were for ,physical use1 he replyed in the affirmative1 whereat he presently shewed him others1 which were of #f or #g years old 7as he confessed7 affirming them to be as good for that use as the newest1 which he sold only for sowing1 and that he kept the others1 though never so old1 for the ,apothecaries only1 who still asked for them1 buying them though #bj years old1 not regarding if they were decayed and wholy effete 7for no ,seed will preserve its vegetative faculty above #g years much less its ,physical7 so they could but have them cheap4 ,besides their pretty knacks 7as they call them7 of making their ,compounds fair to the eye1 more vendible1 but worse for use1 by restoring them to their colour and consistence1 that they may pass for good1 which perhaps 'tis better to pass over in silence1 lest by confuting ,i should teach the younger ,fry1 who may better be honestly ignorant of them4 ,now for their substituting one thing for another1 and detracting where they please1 ,i shall add but one ,story of an ,apothecary1 who commanded his man 7who told him they had no good ,rhabarb in the house7 that he should put in double quantity of what they had4 ,nay ,i have known one simple of a quite different nature used for a whole composition4 ,tenthly1 ,i shall conclude this ungrateful ,discourse1 with saying that by reason more frauds may be committed by the ,apothecaries1 then by any other ,trade1 and by supposition that gain will tempt most men to dishonest actions1 especially where they may act undiscovered2 ,i say2 that this seems to be the cause why they have two ,supervisors set over them more then any ,company that ,i know of1 viz4 the ,censors of the ,college of ,physicians1 and the ,master and ,wardens of their own ,company4 ,the next thing is the inlarging and multiplying their ,bills and ,medicines4 ,first1 ,when in ,chronical ,diseases a ,physician is consulted1 they go on of their own heads with the same prescription1 frequently enough to the ,patients great disadvantage1 both of health and purse4 ,secondly1 ,by giving and intermixing ,medicines of their own ,phancy1 with the ,physicians prescriptions1 viz4 some pleasing ,medicine1 whereby too often the ,physicians intention is quite crost1 and the effect made uncertain1 and hazardous4 ,thirdly1 ,by giving ,medicines themselves on small accounts1 and such as require only a good ordering1 and no more4 ,fourthly1 ,by repeating long courses of ,physic unadvisedly1 and needlesly1 when either nothing1 or very little is needful to be done4 ,fifthly1 ,by creating diseases in easie mens ,phansies1 and so decoying them into courses of ,physic4 ,sixthly1 ,some of them get private and worthless receipts1 and sell them at what rate they please2 ,mr4 ,delaune by one ,pill alone1 though not a very safe one1 got some thousands of pounds4 ,seventhly1 ,if one of them get a private receipt from a ,physician called by the inventor his ,nostrum1 if another ,apothecary have occasion to use it1 he shall be sure to pay sawce for it4 ,eighthly1 ,another trick is when the ,patient is cured1 and the ,physician therefore hath given over his ,visits1 then comes the ,apothecary and insinuates by his words and passions1 either some danger of relapse1 or some other present distemper1 and repairs to the ,physician for a ,bill to cure the imaginary disease4 ,ninthly1 ,but their principal ,art of all is1 to cry up1 and bring in to ,patients such ,physicians1 who through design must comply with the ,apothecaries ,interest1 and such ,practisers they extol and cry up for good ,physicians1 which some of them call more expresly good ,apothecaries ,physicians1 and such without doubt1 the whole ,company will endeavour to raise unto a fame and practice4 ,but such as write only for the good of the ,patient1 and not at all for the benefit of the ,apothecary 7as all honest men ought to do7 they will endeavour to prevent their calling in1 or to shuffle them out4 ,now this good ,apothecaries ,physician1 they describe by his frequent though needless visits1 but especially by the multitude of his ,bills1 by his visiting twice a day1 or oftner 7a very careful and painful ,doctor7 and by still writing new ,medicines1 when half the former1 or perhaps none of them have been taken1 making an ,apothecaries ,shop in the ,patients ,house1 planting the ,cupboards and ,windows with ,glasses and ,gally-,pots1 and not a quarter of the whole made use of4 ,he prescribes a ,medicine for every slight complaint1 and never goes away from the ,patient or the ,patient from him1 without a ,bill1 for fear of the ,apothecaries grumbling4 ,and from this burdening the sick with multiplicity of ,medicines1 too often contrary to1 and destructive one of another1 it proceeds that in the ,small ,pox1 and ,measles1 many are afraid to use ,physicians1 and commit the care of the sick to ,nurses1 and ,old ,women1 and perhaps sometimes not without cause1 for by continual multiplication of ,medicines1 the humours of the body may be made1 or kept in too great a state of fluidity1 whence the ,flox followeth4 ,whereas a ,medicine or two duly administred1 may suffice to bring them well forth1 and then there needs no more but good ordering1 unless perhaps some accident arise1 which may require further care4 ,and here as well as in other ,cases1 the ,patient is to be rectified1 who requires the ,physicians ,visits1 and yet dismisseth him without a reward1 unless he writes a ,bill1 whereas it might have been better if nothing at all had been prescribed2 and the ,physician left to his own judgment2 and hence it is that many enlarge their ,bills1 that the ,patient may think he hath enough for his money1 whereby the ,apothecary is gratified1 who ought to commend the ,medicines as necessary for the sick person1 and singular in themselves1 whereas in truth this great farcy proves ungrateful to the tast and stomach2 inconvenient to health1 by curing one disease1 but creating more2 and by this means keeping them continually in a way of ,physic4 ,a third abuse of the ,apothecaries relates to the prices of their ,medicines2 first they put what rates they please on their ,simples1 ,compounds1 and ,receipts1 and none are judges of them1 but those of their own ,trade2 insomuch that they gain a #aa d4 in the ,shilling1 if they say true of themselves4 ,whereas the ,colleges of ,physicians beyond ,sea1 yearly set a tax upon the ,simples1 and ,compounds of the ,shops4 ,so that the ,customer can tell the price of what he hath occasion to use1 and not stand at the mercy of the ,apothecary to rate them as he lists1 and to this purpose they put in print the prices of them every year4 ,secondly1 ,suppose a ,physician hath prescribed a ,pint of ,juleb1 c4 to be taken at four several times1 some ,apothecaries carry not the whole pint at once1 but divide it into four parts1 and carry but one at a time1 and so of other ,medicines1 and then will charge their ,bill for every single ,potion1 or ,draught1 as they ought the whole ,pint2 so that by this ,art they gain four times as much for the whole ,medicine as in ,conscience they ought2 and a ,juleb1 which cost them six pence1 will be rated at #aj1 #ab1 or more ,shillings4 ,but perhaps 'tis fit they should be paid for their created ,visits2 and for this unnecessary officiousness1 persons of great estates may be contented to pay roundly1 if they please4 ,thirdly1 ,when a ,physician hath prescribed #bj ,pills1 some of the ,apothecaries will make #cj of them1 under pretence the ,patient cannot swallow them else2 now reckoning each ,pill at a certain rate 7as they usually do7 they gain a third part more then they ought4 ,fourthly1 ,to advance the prices1 you shall hardly ever see a ,bill without ,bezoar1 or ,pearls in it1 to make people think them very chargeable2 whereas sometimes there is not above a grain or two of these dear ingredients in the prescription1 and a few grains of these or ,ambergrise doubles or trebles the prices of the ,medicines1 and are sure never to be omitted in their ,bills1 besides the guilding of the ,pills1 and covering their ,bolusses1 and ,electuaries with ,gold 7which have only an imaginary and no real use in ,medicines so used7 much inhanseth their prices1 and a rich ,cordial inserted exceedingly advanceth most of their ,bills2 or if ,china or any other dear ingredient be in the receipt 'tis not omitted4 ,fifthly1 ,some ,apothecaries offer1 and perhaps some ,physicians have taken presents to help them to ,customers1 which must necessarily be squeazed out of their higher-rated ,medicines4 ,sixthly1 ,i have heard some prudent persons complain of their bringing in their ,bills but once in a year1 or two2 supposing they made them pay ,lombards ,usury for their forbearance4 ,and through this neglect they sometimes lose their money1 and whether they raise other ,mens ,bills to make up these losses1 ,i affirm not4 ,seventhly1 ,another cause of raising their prices is a necessity of keeping in their ,shops such ,medicines as are seldom used1 or such as must upon necessity decay1 and grow useless4 ,now suppose they throw such away1 this reason is good1 but you will find a remedy for this hereafter4 ,to conclude this second ,complaint4 ,by reason of the dear ,bills of the ,apothecaries1 many are deterred from going to the ,physician1 and run to common ,mountebanks1 and ,i think this to be the reason 7as some disabused persons have confessed to me7 why they have so much cryed up the abilities of ,apothecaries for practice1 because they would save their credit in taking ,physic of them4 ,st4 ,augustine candidly in his ,book of ,confessions declares1 that through covetousness he repeated a course of ,physic1 without consulting the ,physician 7who had before cured him of the same disease7 to his greater charge1 danger of his life1 and offence against ,god4 ,having done with the ,apothecaries abuses relating chiefly to the ,patients ,health and ,purse1 and such as are willfully committed 7though all of them reflect on the ,physician7 ,i shall now touch on a few neglects1 and mistakes proving often very mischievous4 ,first1 ,they frequently mistake the ,physicians directions1 which of what dangerous consequence it is1 every one can tell4 ,secondly1 ,they carry a ,medicine appointed for one sick person to another4 ,thirdly1 ,they often neglect the sending of ,medicines in due time1 especially such as have no ,servants1 or but raw ones1 when the ,master is out of ,town1 or upon long visits4 ,having now done with the ,apothecaries as they relate principally to the sick1 ,i shall in the next place speak of them1 as they relate to ,physicians1 and that either to the profession in general1 or to the particular practisers of it4 ,as to the ,physicians in general1 they endeavour to extirpate them1 and some have been so bold to say1 they hope in few years to see never a ,physician in ,london1 and to profess they will scramble with them for practice4 ,and that this hath been and is their intention1 the following particulars will clearly demonstrate4 ,first1 ,they have always endeavoured and aimed at the depression and ruine of the ,college of ,physicians1 the only ,corporation of that ,art in ,england1 considering rightly1 that the depression of the ,college is their interest and rise1 and that the total subversion of it will make them absolute ,masters in ,physic and ,physicians their ,servants4 ,in ,order hereunto they have constantly1 both publickly and privately opposed the ,college in whatsoever hath been offered to setle the liberty of practice on them1 their only priviledg and subsistence1 though they have been offered all they could desire for the security of their ,trade1 and legal employment1 and far beyond whatsoever any ,corporation of ,apothecaries in all1 or in any forreign part enjoy1 yet nothing would ever content them1 but an unlawful1 unreasonable1 dangerous1 and destructive ,usurpation of liberty to some pretended practice1 that thereby they might gain the whole4 ,secondly1 ,they have continually traduced the ,college1 and troubled them in ,parliaments1 at the ,council-,board1 c4 to their great charge and molestation4 ,and for such their great demerits against the ,college1 the ,king and his ,council1 ,anno #afci4 granted a ,quo ,warranto to the ,attorney ,general 7the ,judges having first heard the whole matter7 to take away their ,charter1 which doubtless had been effected1 had not the troubles1 and long civil ,war immediately ensued4 ,thirdly1 ,and in this present ,parliament1 how did they endeavour to prepossess the ,members of the ,house of ,commons with strange1 and false prejudices and assertions drawn from irrational1 and groundless suppositions1 making us the greatest ,tyrants in the ,world1 inferring ridiculously that a ,lady1 or ,charitable ,gentlewoman 7for in that believing ,sex they have gain'd a great deal of ground by their falsities7 might not give the ,poor a ,cordial1 c4 without being questioned by the ,college2 whereas they know in their ,consciences1 that the ,college hath power enough by their first ,charter to act as much in this kind against themselves1 and all other persons1 as they desired of this present ,parliament2 ,and yet neither ,apothecary1 or any other who practised charitably1 were ever troubled for so doing4 ,they pretended also they were abridged wholy from their ,trade1 and might not sell a penny-worth of ,mithridate1 c4 without a ,doctors ,bill4 ,whereas there's not a word in the ,charter to that purpose2 the sole intent whereof was to keep them as well as other ,mountebanks1 from prescribing 7which they call selling7 the ,physicians only livelyhood4 ,and as to the bill itself so much railed on by them in ,westminster-,hall1 ,coffee-,houses1 ,ale-,houses1 c4 'tis easie to make it out1 that this ,charter as proposed gives the ,apothecaries more liberty and freedom of exercising their lawful ,trade1 then is enjoyed in any other ,nation1 where both ,corporations are erected1 and that it doth in nothing infringe1 or diminish their freedom as ,citizens1 or their ,charter as ,apothecaries2 and that our ,charter was compiled by some1 and perused and approved by others the most eminent ,lawyers in ,england for ,worth and ,place2 and yet none of these could find any thing in it either ,illegal1 ,tyrannical1 or unfit to be desired of the ,parliament4 ,nay many mis-informed ,members being rightly instructed in the true state of the matter1 have acknowledged the justice of it2 ,and was no more then ,king ,james by his ,letters ,patents1 dated the #ahth of ,october1 in the #aeth year of his ,reign1 granted to the said ,college2 near about the same time the ,apothecaries ,charter was granted2 and being almost nothing else but a supply of what was short in their former ,grants1 viz4 ,that whereas their ,charter granted by ,king ,henry the ,eighth1 gave power to punish offenders in the practice of ,physic2 and because there was no power given to summon1 nor penalty imposed for the non-appearance of such offenders2 therefore by their non-appearance1 the said power of the ,censors was eluded2 for no such offenders would appear before them1 and consequently no punishment could be inflicted on them1 according to the true meaning of the said ,act4 ,now this ,charter so much declaimed against1 prayed only a supply of this defect1 and also better and more necessary ways and means1 without which1 such and all other offenders against the lives and healths of his ,majesties ,subjects could not be discovered2 and they had reason not to doubt a grant of the said power1 since by the said ,charter a power was granted them to imprison offenders1 whom the ,keepers of the ,prisons would not receive1 because no command1 nor penalty was imposed on them1 for not receiving such offenders sent by the ,censors 7a thing ridiculous to our present ,lawyers7 however this defect was supplyed by an ,act in the first of ,queen ,mary4 ,now whereas since the making of the said ,acts and ,powers1 granted to the ,college1 several other ,trades1 besides the ,apothecaries1 relating to ,physic 7being then all ,members of the ,grocers ,company7 viz4 ,druggists1 ,chymists1 ,sellers of ,strong-,waters and ,oyls1 have arose distinct from each others1 and many abuses have been and are committed in each of them1 as they all confess4 ,the said ,charter prays for the publick good only 7there being the same reason of all7 they might have the same power of ,surveying them also1 as they have of the ,apothecaries1 which most of the ,judicious1 and sober of the said ,companies1 as well in relation to their own private profit1 and also the publick1 by having all ,medicines good1 did not oppose1 but liked well of4 ,nay there was nothing in the said ,charter1 but what was judged good by all or most of the ,judges of ,england1 several times convened by ,order of the ,king and his ,council1 to deliver their opinions concerning some ,quries1 which comprised the main of what was desired and petitioned for by the ,college1 of this present ,parliament4 ,but before the ,committee could make report to the ,house1 the ,parliament was adjourned1 whereupon ,apothecaries falsly gave out1 and made people believe our ,charter was taken from us4 ,and in this transaction before the ,committee1 one ,cocket an ,apothecary exhibited in the name of the ,chymists such a ,scandalous ,libel1 as the ,committee would not suffer to be read2 drawn as some conceive by the assistance1 and countenance1 if not contrivance of his ,company4 ,lastly1 ,the ,company of the ,apothecaries are bound by their ,charter to bring their ,servants 7before they make them ,free7 to be examined by the ,censors of our ,college1 and to have their approbation of their fitness to exercise their ,art1 and set up their ,trade4 ,now that they have herein neglected their duty1 and consequently may be dis-franchised and lose their ,freedoms for this omission1 'tis manifest not only by the vapours of some of them to some members of our ,body1 that they never underwent this examination2 but also by comparing of our ,register 7wherein are recorded the names of all such as have been examined7 with theirs1 if they keep any for this purpose4 ,sure ,i am1 that in two years together1 when ,i was ,censor1 very few1 if any1 did appear to their examination1 whereas yearly a very great number set up their ,trades4 ,nay since the firing of ,london not one ,apothecaries ,servant hath been examined by the ,censors1 for more then these three ,years last past1 in which time perhaps no less then #ajj have been made free by the ,company4 ,before our presenting this ,charter to the ,parliament1 they would admit no ,arbitrators betwixt our ,corporation1 and ,theirs1 not contenting themselves with their ,charter lately granted in ,king ,james's ,reign1 and that by the procurement of some of our ,college for these unthankful persons4 ,for they would not refer themselves 7as the ,chirurgeons without many words or dispute did7 to the most upright1 and most knowing ,sir ,orlando ,bridgeman then ,lord ,chief ,justice1 and now ,lord ,keeper1 for a clause to be by him drawn1 in order to preserve their immunities and ,charter2 which they refused1 fearing belike he would exclude them from the ,practice of ,physic1 which the ,law hath already done1 and which is all they could doubt of2 but the ,corporation of ,chirurgeons did acquiesce in the clause drawn by the said ,lord ,chief ,justice1 and never appeared before the ,committee against the said ,charter4 ,their increasing dis-respect1 and undervaluing the ,college1 appears in this1 that of late years they place our ,censors invited to their new ,masters ,dinner1 at their second ,tables whereas always heretofore they were seated at the first ,table1 next to the ,master of the ,company4 ,and to hinder the building of a ,new ,college1 and the ,contribution of the ,honorary ,fellows thereunto1 they tell them that we deceived them in their admission1 and never intend the building of a ,new ,college1 though a large contribution hath been made1 and ground purchased in order thereunto by the ,members of their ,corporation4 ,and their further design appears in their great triumphing1 and rejoycing when any illiterate person hath gained any reputation for a ,cure performed1 especially where ,physicians have been concerned1 though the ,patients neglect or obstinateness1 have been the sole cause of this non-performance1 and by their continued detraction from ,physicians1 and applauding themselves1 hoping by the former1 that people will think such ,mountebanks able to do better ,cures then learned ,physicians1 and then they can easily insinuate themselves superior to such ,mountebanks1 and consequently to ,physicians4 ,by the latter1 they seek to depress1 and level us to themselves1 being conscious they can never rise to that worth and ability1 required in a ,physician4 ,another manifest sign of their endeavour to usurp our ,practice is1 their absurd calling the sick their ,patients1 for 'tis most certain that in all reason and language the ,physician and ,patient only have relation to each other1 but not to the ,apothecary1 who is but a ,tradesman1 and manual ,operator4 ,now a ,tradesman and his ,customer1 or ,chapman1 are ,relatives each to other1 but those ,apothecaries who intrude themselves and usurp on our profession1 may call their ,customers ,patients1 and that in a true literal sence1 when by their ignorance they make them really sufferers under them2 and if they deny ,apothecary and ,patient to be non-sence1 they shew themselves pitifully ignorant in the ,laws1 and ,rules of ,reason1 or else profess themselves ,physicians4 ,and the like non-sence they commonly utter by calling ,physicians that make their own ,medicines1 ,mountebanks and ,quacks1 whereas none can be such but those who practise without ,lawful ,authority1 as the ,apothecaries1 c4 do2 and they are not ignorant in this their malice1 that the ,law of ,england would punish them roundly for so saying4 ,and were ,i troublesome or vindicative1 ,i could make some of them examples1 but ,i freely remit the slanders in this kind that are past4 ,having done with the main part of the ,disease1 next follows the ,remedy2 and the only firm and proper one will appear to be1 that ,physicians make their own ,medicines2 the benefit whereof to the publick1 the reasonableness of the thing it self1 the necessity in relation to the ,physician1 will be manifest by that which follows4 ,and ,first1 ,all that hath been said demonstrates this last proportion4 ,secondly1 ,the desire of most persons1 and the censure of all wise men1 who say we are wanting to our own interest1 if we make not use of the remedy in our own hands1 performing our ,art in all its members1 whereof making of ,medicines is a chief one4 ,thirdly1 ,the common practice1 and constant usage of all former and antient ,physicians in all other ,nations1 and in ,england also 7for 'tis easie to say when there was not one ,apothecary in this ,kingdom7 the ,laws of our ,nation1 nay even the ,apothecaries ,charter allow it1 the ,language of all ,physicians1 our ,college voting it honourable so to do1 nay ,apothecaries themselves commending it in such ,physicians as buy their ,medicines of them4 ,fourthly1 ,the ,kings ,physicians have formerly made the ,kings ,medicines1 as 'tis manifest by my ,lord ,coke1 in his #dth4 ,book of the ,institutes1 part #d4 pag4 #bea4 where he comments on ,rot4 ,pat4 #cb ,h #f4 m4 #ag4 ,he there first recites the ,roll it self1 wherein are appointed 7the ,king being then sick7 #c ,physicians and #b ,chirurgeons1 to freely minister and execute ,physic about the ,kings ,person1 and there are also recited in general1 ,medicines external1 and internal4 ,and on this ,roll ,coke among other things infers1 that the ,physicians may use the aid of those ,chirurgeons named in the ,warrant1 but of no ,apothecary1 but to prepare and do all things themselves1 c4 ,and the reason of all this is1 the precious regard had of the health and safety of the ,king1 who is the head of the ,common-wealth4 ,and ,i am told by one of his present ,majesties ,physicians1 that the ,king himself affirmed heretofore we are unwise in neglecting our duty herein1 and lately of these papers1 that 'twas the publick interest so to do4 ,fifthly1 ,chirurgeons 7as before7 will not trust them to make external ,remedies2 and the ,king1 and ,east-,india ,company commit the making of their ,chests for their ,fleets to the ,chirurgeons4 ,sixthly1 ,have not ,ladies and ,charitable ,gentlewomen their ,closets well furnished with various ,medicines for the ,poors use1 and for their own also1 when ,physicians are called to their houses in the ,country8 ,distillers of ,strong-waters1 ,makers of ,plaisters1 ,confectioners make ,medicines bought by the ,apothecaries1 ,ale-,houses sell purging ,drinks1 and ,book-sellers sell ,chymical ,medicines1 and all this without much regret of the ,apothecaries4 ,but if a ,physician intermix a ,medicine with theirs1 though the ,patients life be saved thereby1 what noise1 and murmuring1 and proclaiming of it the next ,market-day to the rest of their ,company8 to what purpose any one may judg4 ,seventhly1 ,why should not ,physicians1 being lawfully authorized thereunto1 practise with their own ,medicines1 as well as the ,apothecaries with theirs1 though against ,law1 and incurring thereby the penalty of #el4 per ,month1 which the ,college never troubled them for1 or exacted of them8 ,eighthly1 ,physicians will be necessitated to it for their subsistence and honour1 and to preserve their ,art from being prostituted to illiterate persons1 the ,apothecaries becoming now their ,competitors4 ,ninthly1 ,by this means ,physicians will avoid multitudes of inconveniencies1 proceeding from writing of ,bills1 and the ,apothecaries ,visits4 ,first ,the mistakes1 and frauds in the ,ingredients1 especially committed by the great practising ,apothecaries1 who may1 as appears by the following story1 be suspected to send1 instead of what was prescribed1 the remains of his own practice1 or else some cast-by ,medicines2 for else how could it be when a ,medicine was prescribed to stand in ,infusion or steep a whole night1 that it should be brought two hours after the ,bill was written1 even the very same ,evening8 ,which by accident the ,patient confessed1 wanting the expected success4 ,secondly ,by this course ,physicians avoid the many opprobrious terms cast upon them by ,apothecaries3 ,as ,first1 ,in saying that if he had not omitted or added something1 the ,patient might have miscarried2 which he may say at pleasure without any contradiction1 though doubtless many have been killed by this means4 ,secondly1 ,by saying the ,bill could never have been made without some alteration of the ,apothecary1 thereby insinuating the ,doctors ignorance in compounding4 ,thirdly1 ,in saying the ,doctor is not versed in ,medicines1 because forsooth he varieth not at every ,visit1 and multiplieth not new ,bills for the ,apothecaries profit4 ,fourthly1 ,in saying they teach ,physicians1 and help them to1 and in their practice4 ,the first and last are vile and foolish ,scandals2 as to the ,second1 'tis true indeed1 that younger ,apothecaries recommend ,physicians to their acquaintance2 but 'tis no longer then they have learned enough 7as they think7 to set up for themselves4 ,fifthly1 ,in saying1 they knew before-hand what such a ,doctor would prescribe1 and hence it is they have nick-named some ,physicians of no mean practice1 by the ,medicines they frequently use1 which names in respect to the persons1 ,i shall conceal2 and of such ,physicians1 they brag they can prescribe as well as they4 ,but if a ,physician advise things unknown to them1 or out of the common tract1 then they say the ,doctor intends to puzzle them4 ,sixthly1 ,he will avoid the censure of his ,bills1 which every pitiful fellow1 nay their very ,boys will absolve or condemn at pleasure1 and that openly too1 nay sometimes to the ,patient himself1 and thereby call in his good ,apothecaries ,physician4 ,now what a shame is it1 that a ,physicians credit and livelihood1 should stand at the mercy of such pitiful ignorant1 and self-ended ,souls8 ,i have heard one of them say of the now most ,eminent ,practiser in ,london1 that his ,boy could write as good a ,method as he1 and that he understood the practice of ,physic as well as any ,physician in ,london except #b1 or #c1 though the same person was soon made to confess1 he neither knew the ,disease1 ,cause1 nor ,cure of a ,pleurisy1 pretended to be throughly understood by him4 ,thirdly1 ,he will avoid the trouble put upon him after he hath writ his ,bill1 by the ,apothecaries ignorance in not understanding it1 who to be informed came to the ,doctor heretofore1 with their ,hats off1 but now send their ,boys1 who soon put theirs on4 ,such respect do they give ,physicians1 when they come to them as to their ,masters to teach them4 ,fourthly1 ,he will avoid the impertinent ,visits of the ,apothecaries1 and non-sensical1 troublesome1 and discouraging1 frightful discourses to the ,patient1 of whom no man can expect more then the ,common ,proverb gives to ,praters1 and impertinent ,speakers1 ,that they talk like ,apothecaries4 ,fifthly ,he will avoid the mischiefs from their ,visits1 who by their shrugs1 signs1 or words1 may diminish the ,physicians reputation1 and good opinion1 whether in his skill1 or ,medicines1 whereby good ,medicines are neglected and the expectation of a good success upon the use of them taken away1 or at least causing an averseness to them2 which actings do exceedingly prejudice the ,patient1 in reference to his ,cure4 ,sixthly1 ,he will avoid this inconvenience1 that some ,apothecaries have attributed the ,cure to some of their intermixed ,medicines1 or alteration of the ,doctors ,bill4 ,seventhly1 ,he will avoid that incivility of such of them1 who in the ,physicians presence1 will feel the ,pulse1 judg of the ,urine1 discourse the ,cause1 ,nature1 what the ,disease is1 and what will be the issue of it1 propose ,medicines1 nay sometimes endeavour to advise with the ,physician1 to contradict and dispute with him1 to compare and set himself above the ,physician2 and to say truth1 these odious and intolerable ,comparisons and intrusions daily complained of by my ,collegues1 were a great cause of my departing from them4 ,eighthly1 ,he will avoid those ,scandals they have opportunity to raise1 that such a ,physician is ,covetous1 ,proud1 ,negligent1 and minds not his practice1 and the like without the least ground1 and are frequently by such ,artifices1 the ,cause of introducing another ,physician1 knowing that thereby more ,bills will come to their ,file1 and many times the former ,medicines be layed aside1 and in this shuffling in and out of ,physicians1 they have commonly a great share4 ,ninthly1 ,apothecaries being now ,competitors with ,physicians for practice1 and down-right ,enemies to such as make their own ,medicines2 why should not we suspect them of this false ,play1 by telling the ,patient the ,doctors ,medicine will not work 7which he knows well enough how to effect7 and then to tell him he will prepare him one of his own that will work1 when perhaps that he calls his own preparation1 was nothing but what the ,doctor had prescribed before2 and by this ,artifice to advance himself above the ,physician4 ,another mischief in sending ,bills to the ,apothecaries is1 that though the ,apothecaries be honest 7and who can tell which of them is so87 yet the ,servants neglect1 or ignorance 7to whom they commit the whole care of dispensing1 and are intruth the ,apothecaries 7and not their ,masters7 may mar all in their ,masters absence1 who is visiting abroad1 or at his recreations4 ,and now ,i have done with the unpleasant talk of raking into the faults of the ,apothecaries1 and with discoursing how ,physicians may save themselves from their devices1 ,i shall next shew the advantages that will come to the ,patient1 the ,physician1 and people1 by this way of remedy proposed4 ,as for the ,patients1 they may hereby save most of the great charges of ,apothecaries ,bills1 which in long ,cases amount to very great sums in a year1 although the ,physician hath received very few ,fees2 the ,physician may so order his business as to take his ,fee for his ,visits only1 and at home such competent ,fees for his advice alone1 as are usually given1 and in both ,cases take nothing for his ,medicines1 and so save the ,patient the whole charge of the ,apothecaries ,bill1 which very seldom comes short1 and for the most part manifoldly exceeds the ,physicians ,fees4 ,and this he may very well do by making fewer1 less chargable1 more effectual1 and durable ,medicines then the ,shops afford1 and suffer nothing in the non-use1 or decay of his ,medicines2 because he need make no more then will serve his own practice3 and ,i must here profess1 that which ,i intended not to have published1 that this is the course ,i have generally taken1 for the four ,months last past1 since ,i made my own ,medicines1 but that some ,apothecaries have given out most falsly1 that ,i have sent in ,bills to ,patients for money2 but to convince such of their wonted lying1 ,i do hereby oblige my self to give #ajj pound to any of them that shall produce such a ,bill4 ,secondly1 ,this way will not clog the ,patient with more ,medicines then are needful1 nor will omit anything may conduce to his recovery1 for if he fails in either1 'tis to his prejudice1 either in spending more ,medicines which cost him money1 or in not performing his ,cure1 which loseth his practice4 ,but ,i do not propose this course of mine as a general rule to all ,physicians1 but leave this to every mans private judgment2 ,neither do ,i hereby bind my self to the same practice1 because some few ,cases may fall out 7though to an equal advantage to the ,patient7 may perswade me to the contrary4 ,for ,i find some persons of that perswasion1 as to think they have not given satisfaction1 unless they have payed for the ,medicines2 but to such persons1 ,i have always allowed them to give me what they pleased themselves1 for the cure only1 to the full satisfaction of both parties4 ,though ,i will not deny but some persons out of gratitude for their ,cure1 have rewarded me beyond this proposal4 ,some of my acquaintance have desired me to be more plain in this last ,paragraph1 especially in that part of it where ,i say ,i do not bind my self to the said practice2 and to declare more fully the ,cases that may perswade me to the contrary2 which are these and such as these4 ,first ,where ,patients of their own free offers will contract with the ,physician1 or have formerly too meanly rewarded him for his ,cure1 in both which the ,statutes of our ,college allow a contract to be made with ,patients4 ,another case is1 if a ,physician be consulted once1 and for his ,fee hath given ,medicines gratis1 if the ,patient frequently send for his ,medicines without the least reward at all4 ,or if the ,patient living far in the ,country1 having 7as before7 once consulted the ,physician1 as in the last case1 and shall for weeks1 nay months1 send for the same ,medicines4 ,or if the ,patients friend shall recommend a ,medicine to another friend of his unknown to the ,physician2 and where he gives no ,counsel1 if a ,physician in the ,country shall desire some of his ,medicines1 which are all the cases that occur at present2 ,i say in some of these1 the ,physician must needs be payed for his ,medicines2 but in other1 'tis rational he should be payed for his advice1 as he desireth new ,medicines1 which charge will be far short also of the ,apothecaries ,medicines1 whether repeated or prescribed upon new advice4 ,now the great charge of ,apothecaries ,bills1 and nauseousness of their ,medicines1 appears to be the cause why long habitual diseases1 as the ,kings ,evil1 ,falling-,sickness1 ,convulsions1 ,melancholies1 and ,winds in the ,bowels1 ,gouts1 c4 become seldom relieved1 though they may with a constant1 facile way1 be perfectly cured1 where neither the great charge1 nor unpleasantness of ,medicines1 deterr them from a continued necessary use of ,remedies4 ,and for the same reasons many will be kept from relapses1 who being tired out with taking variety of ,medicines1 give over before the tone and strength of their parts is restored1 which is necessary to be done in all long ,diseases4 ,he may so contrive his ,medicines1 first1 ,that they may be taken in small quantity1 and be made more grateful to the tast1 and stomach1 and perform more then those of the ,apothecaries1 commonly slovenly made1 and of themselves ,fulsom1 ,nauseous1 and ,sluggish4 ,secondly1 ,his ,medicines made for particular persons1 may last ,weeks1 ,months1 nay ,years1 whereas the ,apothecaries ,drinks1 especially in the ,summer time1 must be renewed once1 or twice every day1 to the excessive charge of the ,patient4 ,that his ,medicines may be fewer1 is evident in ,physicians that practise in the ,country1 who ride far to ,patients1 and carry in their ,mans ,cloak-bag1 ,medicines enough1 not only for the person he is sent to1 but also for most other persons1 and ,cases he meets with in his ,travels1 and therefore his ,closet needs contain but few1 yet noble and generous ,medicines1 and such as may serve him upon all occasions1 supplying what's defective from the ,fields or ,gardens4 ,he may avoid all pompous1 useless1 chargable ,medicines of the ,shops1 and substitute in their place1 cheaper1 and more conducible to health2 ,he may very well lay aside the precious ,stones1 ,saphir1 ,emerals1 c4 the high priced ,magistrals of ,coral1 and ,pearl1 made worse by their preparations1 or rather destroyed thereby in their ,virtue1 as also ,unicorns ,horn2 and ,bezoar1 all which are now rarely used alone1 but in the received ,compositions2 ,he may also spare the charges of leaf-gold1 for guilding ,pots1 ,glasses1 ,pills1 ,electuaries1 ,boles1 c4 which serves only to raise the ,bill4 ,he may teach the ,patients facile and easie ,remedies1 as to make a ,clyster1 apply ,blisters1 or ,medicines to the feet1 where they are needful1 c4 and in many ,cases may cure by well ordering his ,patient only1 without any ,remedies at all1 or but very few2 being free to act for the ,patients ,health1 without the grumbling of the ,apothecary2 and many other ways he may daily meet with1 very advantageous to the ,patient4 ,he will have little use of ,conserves1 ,syrups1 ,lohocks1 c4 a greater part whereof ,sugar makes up1 which doth more hurt to most persons1 then the other ingredients do good4 ,as for ,infusions and ,decoctions1 he will find by experiment1 how much liquor1 or ,menstruum will suffice to extract the full vertue of the ingredients1 and what are helps1 or hinderances thereunto1 and thereby neither suffer loss in the quantity1 or quality of them4 ,he will discover the inefficacy of many of the ,syrups and other ,medicines in the ,shops1 made of such ingredients1 the qualities whereof1 what with boiling1 what with the great quantity of ,sugar necessary to keep them1 are either made useless or opposite to the ends they are proposed for4 ,especially in such ,plants1 ,seeds1 and ,flowers1 which consist of fine volatil parts1 and even in drying and pounding1 or the least boiling exhale and evaporate1 and therefore in the common way of ordering them1 lose their whole vertue or most of their efficacy1 and alter in their properties4 ,from which by several methods known to some ,physicians1 very generous and singular ,medicines may be produced4 ,he need not use so large ,compositions consisting of such confused and contrary ingredients1 and will find good reason to lay aside those unintelligible and unreasonable ,compositions of ,mithridate1 and ,treacle1 and the so much magnified ,treacle-water1 and will substitute better in their places1 of smaller charge1 and less trouble2 and this all ,physicians ,i have conversed with1 and the ,college it self1 by their ,book published for the common good1 in the year before the ,plague1 and all those ,physicians in this ,city1 who make or intend to make their own ,medicines1 do confess4 ,but here ,apothecaries open wide1 and cry out that the ,physicians are great ,cheats1 and envious persons1 for continuing such flat ,medicines1 and not recommending to the ,world1 or rather their ,shops1 our greater secrets4 ,the answer is easie1 that the ,medicines in our ,pharmacopa1 are the best of any other ,pharmacopa in the ,world1 both for their goodness1 and well preparing of them1 whether they be ,chymical1 or ,galenical2 and therefore the same scandal will ly on all ,pharmacopa's whatsoever4 ,secondly1 ,i say that within these few last experimental years1 the practical part of ,physic hath been much improved 7as well as ,anatomy7 especially by such as have put their hands to work2 and therefore till such improvement1 this could not be well amended4 ,furthermore1 in making new ,dispensatories1 a full content must be had1 and 'twere not fit to move where the motion were not like to take place1 for though private men invent new ways of compounding and preparing1 and using their own invented ,medicines1 yet 'twill require a long time to make them publickly known1 and brought into common use1 and till that be done 'tis not possible to have them brought into a common ,dispensatory2 besides1 no man would make a motion for such a reformation1 unless he were well furnished with specificks1 and then 'twill be required of him to expose them to the whole ,world1 which how incongruous it will be1 every man may easily conceive2 hereto add1 that the ,apothecaries think themselves able enough by this present ,dispensatory1 to out-beard ,physicians1 and do publickly profess 7as hath been said7 that they understand the practice of ,physic well as they2 how much more would they have said so1 if they had been made ,masters of these secrets8 ,and here ,i shall admonish those of my own ,faculty1 who have devoted their ,studies1 ,labours1 and ,purses1 for the improvement of their ,art1 to consider1 that as natural things have their bounds and limits1 and that there is no new ,creation of them1 and besides1 that these things have their bounds also of improvement1 beyond which 'tis impossible for man to go2 and that by a good method and industry1 that end may be attained2 7though at present ,i must confess1 no ,art is more capable of enlargement then ours37 ,i say let all consider1 and they will find1 what a vast encouragement they have to improve their knowledg so far1 that they shall not only be able to leave mankind destitute of no remedy ,nature did ever produce2 but also restore and setle those ,honours ignorant men would usurp1 upon the ,learned ,professors of this ,science1 and ,i see no reason why ,physicians should communicate their secrets to such persons1 who will make use of them1 to the ruine of the ,inventors1 which is indeed a failer of trust1 for when a ,physician writes his ,bill1 he trusts the ,apothecary only with making the ,medicine for a particular occasion1 and not to make use of it as his own when be pleaseth for his own profit1 and the ,inventor have no further benefit by it1 then perhaps one single advantage4 ,lastly1 ,when ,dispensatories were first made1 the ,apothecaries were really ,physicians ,servants1 and wholy at their command1 not in the least intrenching on their business1 and the rates of ,medicines were reasonable2 which superiority over them still continues only in their prescriptions1 the forms whereof are always commanding to take this and that1 and to mix them1 c4 but within these few last years they have set up for themselves1 and advanced the rates beyond all reason2 and to be sure1 the more we teach them by our ,books1 the more they will trangress in both4 ,he may receive encouragement from what he discovers1 that is more then ordinarily useful1 whereas by writing ,bills1 he soon communicates to the ignorant and lazy1 who will neither spend time nor money to advance the ,art1 but while the one is at work to his great charge1 lots of time1 much pains and trouble1 the others seek by petty tricks and ,arts to gain a name1 and profit from the industrious4 ,nay some ,mountebanks have been set up by purchasing receipts of the ,apothecary or his ,servants4 ,and one of them told me1 he set up a ,quack by selling and commending to him a ,medicine he had long kept in his ,shop and could not otherwise put off1 and that by degrees he made him a famous practiser among the ignorant and poor people4 ,an ,act quite contrary to the interest of the ,company4 ,hence also will arise an emulation amongst ,physicians1 who shall exceed each other in noble remedies1 and from thence a full and happy improvement of whatsoever ,god hath created for the recovery of mans health impaired2 for from the ,physician alone the advancement of ,physic is to be expected4 ,how many simples of unknown properties have been brought into use1 to the great comfort of the sick8 and many more may be1 as also many preparations1 both simple and compound1 both in the ,galenical1 and ,chymical practice1 and by this means the ,art will be advanced to its just dignity1 now much diminished1 dishonoured1 and near to be lost by the intrusion of ignorant persons4 ,greater respect will be given to such ,physicians1 as being the immediate instruments of life and health1 who will derive unto themselves that which is now given to the ,apothecaries1 which proceeds chiefly from fear lest they should do the ,patient hurt2 and so their honour will be doubled1 which every ,physician looks principally at2 but the ,apothecary being not so far concerned1 looks chiefly at his own profit1 and regards not the ,patients charge4 ,for the greater the ,patients charge1 the greater must needs be the ,apothecaries gain2 whereas on the contrary1 'tis the ,physicians ,interest to cure the ,patient with the greatest ease4 ,he may proceed on safely and securely in his well experienced ,medicines1 having before him not only what he hath prescribed for the same ,patient1 but for all others in the like ,case1 and thereby keep in memory what he would have forgot1 if his ,bill had remained on the ,apothecaries ,file2 viz4 the ,medicines and their success4 ,by means whereof ,physicians do not advance their knowledg so far as they might2 for how is it possible they should remember the particulars of their ,bills writ some days before8 and therefore know not how to proceed so well4 ,but the ,apothecaries having before them the whole series of ,medicines1 brag they can do more then the ,physicians1 and by this means insinuate the same opinion into people4 ,the ,physician will be consulted in the beginning of ,diseases1 to the safety and little expence of the ,patient1 who will not go first to the ,apothecary1 who practiseth on him till the ,case is desperate1 and then calls in a ,physician when 'tis too late2 and if he dyes1 the ,physician must carry away the disgrace alone2 but if he recover1 the ,apothecary if he be so minded1 by some trick will share with him in the honour3 and by this resort of people to the ,apothecaries in beginning of ,diseases2 we meet with few ,cases of easie ,cure1 but are chiefly made use of in dangerous ,diseases1 or those of short period1 or such as are accompanyed with great pains and torments1 to our great and continual anxiety4 ,the ,physicians experience hereby as 'tis surer1 so 'twill be greater4 ,he will make use of no ,medicines but the choicest1 and when they are in their full vigour1 and such as are durable1 and after once or twice ,tryal of them1 will seldom fail in his expected success2 which cannot be certainly had without some tryal4 ,for though a man buy the choicest ingredients1 viz4 ,sena1 which may appear to the ,senses very good1 yet he cannot positively say1 how well1 nor yet what quantity of it will work1 till he hath made use of it4 ,but afterwards he may confidently apply the whole parcel he hath bought to his purpose4 ,the like may be instanced in a crop of ,wheat or ,barley1 which the skillfullest ,husband-man cannot tell how they will yield for ,bread1 or ,malt1 till he hath used them4 ,now how is it possible that a ,physician can with any certainty make use of several ,shops1 since there is so great difference in the ingredients8 and 'tis certain the same ,medicine made by several ,apothecaries1 shall differ much in colour1 smell1 and tast1 and consequently effect too2 which cannot proceed from any other cause then the difference of the ingredients themselves1 or by omitting some ingredients1 or by substituting one thing for another2 or by distinct ways of preparing them4 ,the same also may be said of ,compositions1 much more of ,chymical ,medicines so much sophisticated1 and of so much danger and hazard1 if not well prepared1 which he cannot discover till he hath seen the effect of them1 unless it be such as he makes himself1 nor those neither till he hath made some tryal of them4 ,he will much inlarge ,materia ,medica1 ,chymistry and ,pharmacy1 and discover the grounds of them1 and wherein the efficacy of remedies lyes1 and thereby lay open a whole ,ocean for new discoveries1 and by the by observe many useful products and ,phenomena of ,nature1 to the great improvement of his ,art1 and sound ,natural ,philosophy1 which are not taken notice of by ,apothecaries1 and their ,servants2 for all which they have neither will nor skill4 ,as to the improvement of ,medicines1 this may be added1 by the experimenting ,physician1 that in distill'd waters he will consider and find which of them will afford any virtue1 which only phlegm equivalent but to ,conduit-water1 which of them will keep long1 and in perfection1 which soon or in what time decay1 and spend them accordingly1 and in compound distill'd waters1 will find cause to lay aside many simples as nothing conducing1 or rather weakning the efficacy of the ,medicine designed2 whereby much charge and trouble will be spared1 and better compositions be made4 ,he will gain and keep to himself ,patients1 who have diseases they are unwilling should be known by ,apothecaries and their ,boys1 and all such as have a mind to turn over their ,file4 ,the ,patient will have better opinion of the ,medicines1 and confidence in the use or them1 and the ,physician more satisfied in his ,conscience1 and better assured of the success4 ,he will gain reputation to his ,art1 by restoring it to its first institution and practice1 by the ,founders and ,heroes of ,physic4 ,by constantly practised ,medicines he will find out a better method of ,cure1 and may hereby arrive at the true causes of diseases4 ,he will observe what ,medicines by precipitation or other ways1 alter1 destroy1 or weaken one another1 whereby of good ingredients singly used1 a bad ,composition may be made1 and therefore fail in the success expected4 ,many more things might be here added1 which a skillful observer1 and versed in the way to make experiments 7no easie matter7 will daily find1 and at present ,i do not so much as give hints of them1 but shall hereafter1 as occasion and opportunity require4 ,he will have more scope to be charitable to the poor1 and more civil and obliging to his friends1 by curing them gratis1 or at small charges4 ,he need not trouble himself with ways of concealing the use of his ,medicines1 by setting down no directions in his ,bill1 but giving them to the ,patient1 which the ,apothecary soon learns2 nor with giving some of his own ,medicines at a pinch1 which if they succeed not1 to be sure the ,apothecaries will cry down in all places1 but will conceal all eminently good successes1 as disadvantageous to themselves2 nor by placing their ,arcana's in the ,shops of those ,apothecaries they commonly make use of2 nor by recommending their ,patients to such ,apothecaries they intrust their secrets with4 ,for then great complaints are made that the ,physicians carry away their ,customers1 and take away their livelyhood1 affirming they are willing to fetch them from the prescribing ,doctors ,apothecaries4 ,to which ,i answer1 that they do fetch them1 but perhaps not always2 since ,i have heard them often say1 these secrets were but the ,medicines of the ,london ,dispensatory disguised under new names1 to the discredit of the ,physicians that prescribed them4 ,and ,i well remember some of them have neglected to fetch from my house1 not far from their own1 some of my preparations1 though they had them gratis1 for the fetching2 whereby the ,patients have suffered1 and thought ,i neglected them1 'till they were rectified by another ,visit4 ,nay one of them told me1 he had rather dy with his own ,shop-,medicines1 then be cured with my ,magistrals3 much more would he have said of ,patients1 manifestly preferring his own profit before their lives2 a most ,unchristian saying6 ,one singular advantage such a ,physician will have1 that the slanders of the ,apothecaries will appear to be malicious1 as being raised against such as act contrary to their profit4 ,by this means ,physicians will unite against the common ,enemy1 will contribute mutual assistance1 and communicate more freely to one another their practice and remedies2 and also the frauds and unlawful practices of the ,apothecaries1 will conceal the counsels1 and act whatsoever may tend to the advance of their ,art2 and ,patients also will discover the ,apothecaries censures1 and practices against the ,physicians and their prescriptions4 ,hereby that great interest will decay ,apothecaries have in ,families for their petty officiousnesses 7which ,physicians not to displease them have put them upon7 these will be taught ,nurses1 and the assistants1 and which are by some of these as well1 certainly more diligently performed then by the ,apothecaries4 ,hereby the filii ,artis1 or younger ,physicians1 will sooner come into a better and more setled practice1 and not be beholden to ,apothecaries to bring them ,patients wherewith they often upbraid them1 and glory amongst themselves and to other persons1 that they introduced such and such a ,physician4 ,hereby ,chirurgeons will be restored to some of their employment now usurped by the ,apothecaries1 as leting of blood1 applying ,leeches1 ,plasters1 ,cupping-,glasses1 ,syringing and ,salivation1 wraping up bodies in ,cere-,cloaths1 c4 which indeed do more properly belong to them then to the ,apothecaries2 hereby also haply many occasions of quarrel betwixt ,physicians and the ,apothecaries will cease1 each party acting according to his own way4 ,by this means ,pseudochymists1 and other ,mountebanks mouths and revilings will be stopped1 only exclaiming for this1 that ,physicians make not their own ,medicines4 ,but since the publication of these papers ,i am informed that the said ,pseudochymists and ,mountebanks rail against me1 this ,book1 and the way propounded1 as much as the ,apothecaries1 though before equal ,enemies each to others4 ,so that they have fulfilled the ,proverb1 of like to like4 ,and no wonder since hereby their ,kingdom of darkness is brought to light1 and they are obliged to oppose it1 as the ,copper-,smiths were to revile ,st4 ,paul for speaking against the ,idol of ,diana of the ,ephesians1 whereby their trade was lost4 ,and as for the reasonableness of it1 that the ,physician ought to support himself by all lawful ways and means1 and to have preminence above those ignorant persons that incroach upon his profession1 'tis confessed by all that have considered the great charge1 study1 and labour1 before he can arrive at any benefit from it2 for he must take the chargeable degrees of ,batchellor1 and ,master of ,arts1 ,batchellor of ,physic1 and after #ad years standing1 the degree of ,doctor2 besides his bare expences for his maintenance in the ,university1 ,charges in ,anatomies1 knowledg of natural things2 ,travels abroad1 ,chymistry1 and ,experiments2 his ,library1 ,habit1 his more free way of living in a suitable house1 and ,attendants1 greater ,taxes1 c4 insomuch that a ,doctor of ,physic spends more before he comes to practise1 then will set up perhaps a dozen ,apothecaries in a way of livelihood2 and besides1 great sums of money before he can put himself in a fitting ,equipage3 whereas on the contrary1 many young men before their time of ,apprenticeship is out1 provide well for themselves by ,quacking2 and certainly the ,study of ,physic1 and consequently the knowledge of ,nature1 must bid farewel to the ,universities1 if ,shops be permitted to make practisers1 for such the people will soon create ,doctors1 which title the ,apothecary takes upon him1 though he understand not the reason of the name1 to the great shame of the ,universities1 and ,faculty1 when ignorant people shall give1 and they challenge the same title for nothing1 attained by the ,physician at a great rate and long study1 the vulgar taking ,practiser and ,doctor to signifie the same thing4 ,and which no persons of knowledg and education do1 and perhaps most other persons give them in way of ,jeering4 ,from the handsom support of ,physicians these benefits will accrue to the publick1 that thereby the honour all ,nations yield to the ,english ,physicians will be kept up1 who in the late times1 when the reputation of the ,nation was well neer forfeited abroad1 the ,physicians then in being1 most whereof are now living1 and ,members of the ,college1 maintained the credit1 for learning and value1 of this ,kingdom1 and since his ,majesties happy return1 some of them have kept up the honour of the ,faculty2 which manifestly appears by the great esteem ,foreigners have of their ,books1 by often printing them1 and translating into ,latin what hath been published in ,english1 though they are no where so depressed as in ,england4 ,a second benefit to the publick is1 that men of competent ,estates will breed up their ,sons in the ,art of ,physic1 giving them such education as is necessary1 and will not vouchsafe to place them out to ,apothecaries1 though now adays want of learning and degrees are adjudged as needful a qualification for the exercise of ,physic1 as formerly 'twas for ,preaching1 and the ,shops fit to supply both4 ,i will conclude this part of my discourse with this observation2 that the ,laws of ,england in all their ,acts of ,parliament1 have granted the practice of ,physic to ,physicians and them alone1 and in no clause thereof put in any restraint at all upon them1 but every where1 either new priviledges1 or a confirmation of the old1 have been granted1 by the said powers4 ,whereas on the contrary1 the ,law supposeth cheats in the ,apothecaries ,shops1 and therefore impowers our ,censors to destroy and burn what they find bad and corrupt4 ,the next thing to be treated of1 shall be the ways of ,apothecaries creeping into practice1 and their unfitness thereunto4 ,as to the first1 heretofore when they were ,members of the ,company of ,grocers1 and dispersed in place1 as well as in counsel1 they then were wholy subordinate to the ,physicians1 only keeping in their ,shops1 and faithfully making the prescriptions they received from the ,physicians1 and when made1 sending them to the ,patient by their men 7as they still continue to do in ,foreign ,countries7 and not committing the preparation to raw ,boys1 or ,apprentices1 which is the true interest of the ,patient they should do here likewise4 ,but in process of time1 ,physicians in acute diseases having taught them somewhat1 sent them to visit their ,patients1 to give them the best account they could of the estate of their health1 and effect of their ,medicines4 ,and of later years some ,physicians took them along with them in their ,visits1 whereby they acquired a little smattering of diseases1 by which means1 and their continual officiousness1 they insinuated themselves into ,families1 and by applying 7right or wrong7 the terms of ,art they had learned from the ,physicians1 they made people believe they had acquired some skill in the ,art1 and afterwards began to venture a little at practice1 and but until these #aj years last past kept themselves within some bounds and limits2 but since that time have daily more and more incroached upon our ,profession1 being assisted by a greater familiarity of conversation with younger ,physicians4 ,and in the ,plague time they took upon them the whole ,practice of ,physic1 which ever since they have continued1 being much helped also therein by the dispersing of ,physicians into places unknown to their ,patients1 by the ,fire1 but above all by the burning of the ,college1 by means whereof their ,government and view of their ,shops have been omitted1 insomuch that now they are past all restraint1 having insinuated and 7as they think7 rooted themselves by the aforesaid ,artifices1 so that there remains now no other real remedy but that proposed4 ,now here ,i shall take occasion in a short digression1 to discourse briefly the reason1 why in all ,ages there have been so many pretenders to ,physic1 and why some of them have got reputation in the ,world4 ,one hath been mentioned before1 viz4 the great charges sick men are put to1 caused by the separation of the ,physician from the ,apothecary4 ,but the principal reason is1 the want of knowledge in most persons1 both of the materials used1 and the grounds for which they are applyed4 ,insomuch that there are but few that can judg1 and distinguish rightly of either1 and no wonder therefore that in their reasonings they commit more absurd mistakes1 or ,paralogisms then in any other ,art whatsoever1 and censure ,physicians by the success alone4 ,which my ,lord ,verulam accounts the great unhappiness both of the ,states-man and the ,physician1 both being alike censured by those that know not the bottom and rise of their ,actions and ,counsels4 ,for how can any man in either make a sound ,judgment without a full knowledge of the business it self2 and of all the circumstances thereunto belonging2 nor in ,physic without the concurrent knowledg of the sick mans habit1 disease1 cause1 remedies1 and many other particulars necessary to make a clear judgment upon the success8 ,yet notwithstanding1 many will censure and grumble at the actions of the ,states-men1 though their proceedings have been never so wise1 and prudent1 and oft-times from muttering and whispering1 fall to down-right distast1 and mutiny against their ,superiors4 ,so that the good success1 in ,state-affairs1 of rash and imprudent undertakers1 have been extolled and preferred before the wary1 and prudent management1 and guidance of the soberest and wisest ,states-men4 ,the same likewise happens between the bold ,empiric1 and learnedst ,physician4 ,but in this way of censuring1 the ,states-man hath this advantage above the ,physician1 that 'tis possible he may meet with a series of ,business so circumstantiated1 as seldom or never to miscarry1 especially having a greater power over subordinate persons then ,physicians have4 ,but the irreversible statute of ,heaven forbids us to expect a constant recovery of our ,patients1 for 'tis appointed1 that all men must die4 ',tis sufficient therefore for us1 to employ those remedies ,god hath given to the ,sons of men1 to the utmost vertue the ,creator hath endowed them withal3 since his eternal decree hath limited their efficacy from making man immortal4 ,now since 7if men judg by the success alone7 it cannot be otherwise1 but that the most learned ,physician1 and most sottish ,empiric must be thought equal in skill1 by those that are not able to make a right judgment and difference betwixt them on other principles4 ,hence it comes to pass1 that where some ignorant person hath cured accidentally a slight disease1 and a ,physician hath a ,patient dye of an irrecoverable ,case1 here the ,empiric shall be applauded1 and the ,physician decryed4 ,nay many will say the disease is the same in both1 whereas we daily see most gross mistakes in such opinions1 when the ,cases differ totally in their ,nature1 agreeing in one sign only common to both the ,cases proposed1 nay to many other also4 ,furthermore1 if a ,patient dy under an ,empirics hand1 the friends willingly conceal their ,names1 lest some discredit should befal them for using such worthless practisers2 but if under the hands of a known ,physician he shall be sure to be named1 and sometimes his attendance falsly fathered on him1 when ,mountebanks only have been employed3 but to besure if an ,empiric hath first been made use of1 and afterwards an able ,physician called in 7when all opportunity of doing good was past7 and the ,patient dy1 the ,mountebank hath never been mentioned1 but the ,physician perhaps condemned though he hath done whatsoever could have been thought on1 rational in that ,case4 ,add to the former reasons1 the bold and confident brags1 and promises of ,empirics1 that they have cured worse diseases1 and will in few hours free them from their maladies1 especially where sober ,physicians have pronounced doubtfully of the event4 ,no wonder that these pleasing promises to persons in danger and distress bring them into employment even with a rejection of the former sober ,physician4 ,besides1 a foolish opinion prevails with some ignorant persons1 that they will deal only with such as will undertake the ,cure1 7that is7 contract with them for a sum of money1 one half whereof to be payed in hand1 and the other the ,cure being done1 and so are usually cheated of one half of their money2 and such people will have nothing to do with such ,physicians as will not undertake them in this sence4 ,another ,stratagem is1 to give strange and hard names to their ,medicines1 such as are ,pilul radiis ,solis extract1 and in ,english is no more then ,pills dryed to that consistence by the ,sun-,beams1 which ignorant people have thought were made of the ,sun ,beams4 ,others commend their ,extract of the ,soul of the ,heathen ,gods4 ,one sets up with a receipt received from ,van ,helmonts own hands2 ,another hath received from a ,jew the shining of ,moses ,face2 nay ,i have heard a ,pseudochymist blasphemously brag1 he saw in the making of a grand ,elixir1 the ,quintessence of the ,trinity in ,unity1 and infinite other pitiful captivations of silly people1 to be seen on every ,gate and ,post of this ,city2 such as are the ,spirit of the ,salt of the ,world1 ,panchymagogon1 and other ten-footed ,greek names1 and some other ,mongrel non-sensical ones compounded of several ,languages2 promising certain1 speedy1 and concealed ,cure of incurable ,diseases4 ,and no less ridiculous and absurd to considering persons are1 their cantings of themselves1 wherewith they no less befool1 amuse1 and beguile the people2 as that by long prayer1 and seeking of ,god1 they have had many secrets revealed to them from ,heaven4 ,another by long ,travels through ,hungary1 ,poland1 c4 hath attained great secrets from ,kings and ,emperours4 ,another a ,gentleman lately come from ,oxford1 or ,cambridg1 ,cures the ,pox1 ,running of the ,reins1 c4 in ,capital ,letters1 at all which what sober man cannot but laugh8 ,yet such as these are inducements to many to resort to them2 moreover some of them are ,astrologers1 ,physiognomers1 ,fortunetellers1 ,professors of ,palmistry and such other vain ,arts2 much applauded by the weaker sort of people4 ,besides1 the former they have their ,emissaries1 ,scouts1 and ,setters up and down1 to cry up the skill ,and feigned ,cures done by them1 ,nurses1 ,good-fellows1 ,midwives1 c4 to make up the cry and full noise4 ,now it being natural to most people to admire what they understand not1 and for ,admiration to infer ,love1 and ,love ,praise1 and ,praise the use especially of such things as are set off with high and lofty expressions1 it necessarily follows that such persons will cry up1 and make use of1 those that by these means captivate their understandings1 especially their credits being ingaged also2 but above all1 if they proceed from meaner persons1 of whom they are most credulous1 having in suspition wiser men1 believing the former are not able1 and that the wiser are able2 and therefore will deceive them4 ,all which appears in some with us cryed up above any ,physician that ever was in ,england1 though for pitiful1 dangerous1 nay sometimes mortal ,medicines1 whereby great sums of money have been gained in a short time2 ,i shall instance first in ,lockyers ,pills made of ,antimony1 discovered to be so by some of my ,collegues1 and my self1 at the first selling of them4 ,a ,medicine as ill made as any of that ,mineral1 and no ,physician though meanly versed in ,chymistry1 but could have excelled it4 ,yet so great a ,vogue this ,pill had for some time1 that infinite people resorted to him1 and purchased them for their lives1 both for themselves1 and ,families1 and 7as ,i have heard7 for their posterities too4 ,though a common ,chimney in a little time would have made enough of it to have served the whole ,nation for some years to come1 and that at very small charges4 ,but ,experience1 the ,tutor of too many1 hath in a short time brought these ,pills into a dis-use1 if not a total ,oblivion1 even amongst the vulgar4 ,a second cryed up ,medicine was ,mathews's ,pills1 made of ,opium 7to which the virtue of the whole ,composition must be attributed7 of white ,hellebor ,roots1 and ,oyl of ,turpentine1 whereto some add ,salt of ,tartar1 which will puzzle the most knowing ,naturalist to declare why these should be thus jumbled together2 unless to obscure the ,opium4 ',tis indeed a very cunning ,composition1 for by giving rest and ease it may easily decoy people into the use of them1 though by long taking of them1 diseases become far more uncurable then they are in their own ,nature4 ,a third ,universal ,medicine was ,hughes's ,powder1 sold by him at #aj s4 the ,grain1 and #c l4 #aj s4 the ,dose1 made doubtless of ,gold and ,quicksilver4 ,the tast and weight of it manifestly discover the former to be an ingredient into it1 and the effect1 viz4 ,salivation proves the latter to be part of the compound4 ,besides ,i have made of these two dissolved1 and digested in their peculiar ,menstruums1 in no long space of time1 a ,medicine that had the same effect with his1 and in the same ,dose1 and having a ,view of his ,cabinet left after his ,death1 containing a large quantity of the said ,powder 7being all he left behind him7 there was found crude ,gold1 and ,quicksilver in the same ,cabinet4 ,now these three ,notorious ,universal ,medicines were put to sale by most ignorant persons4 ,add hereunto the forementioned ,mr4 ,de-laun's ,pill1 whereof ,i shall say nothing1 being mentioned under the ,name of the ,pilule ex duobus1 in the ,london ,dispensitory1 though some make them of the ,extract of ,coloquintida4 ,the last of any ,fame with us1 were ,dr4 ,goddard's ,drops1 a good ,medicine1 but not so universal1 and superlative as he would have made the ,world believe1 and was nothing else but what some ,physicians many years since enjoyed4 ,i well remember that in the late troubles1 a ,person then in great ,authority1 having cryed up this above all the ,medicines in the ,world1 a round wager was offered1 that the ,doctor should not distinguish his own from two others that should be brought him1 both which were but ,spirit of ,harts-horn4 ,but the wager would not be accepted of4 ,furthermore1 that this ,medicine of his was ,spirit of ,harts-horn1 some relations plainly argue2 ,one whereof was the following4 ,a certain person in ,norfolk having sent for as much as came to a #aa l4 and dying upon the #b;d4 dose of it1 and by accident most part of the remainder being spilt2 there comes in a friend to the ,house1 of some skill1 who supposing it to be ,spirit of ,harts-horn1 told the ,widow he would endeavour to gain back the money for her4 ,and thereupon went to a ,chymist1 and bought as much of the said ,spirit1 as would make up the quantity purchased of ,dr4 ,goddard1 who after ,tryal of it by smell1 and tast1 acknowledged it to be his1 and honestly payed back the sum 'twas first sold for2 which ,i think few of the ,mountebanks do4 ,sure ,i am that a ,quack sold #ba ,pills for #bj l4 whereof the ,patient took #d at two doses1 to the great hazard of his life1 who then repairing to me for my advice1 ,i by ,tryal of one of them found them to be ,mercurial1 and wished him to return them back1 but the ,quack would not give him #aj s4 for the #af remaining4 ,the inference and sum of what hath been said1 is to shew briefly by what ,artifices people are deceived in their ,healths1 and ,purses1 and how easily the ignorant are couzened1 and such practices used1 that ,physicians1 men of honesty and repute1 would be ashamed to own1 and must by using them in a short time be ruined and discredited4 ,and such ,cheats as these1 the ,college of ,physicians are bound by the ,laws of the ,land to decry1 and punish 7though by so doing it hath often incurred the censure and clamor of the vulgar7 ,besides the ,statute of the #adth4 and #aeth4 of ,henry the ,eighth injoyns us to it1 declaring that 'tis good for the ,common-wealth of this ,realm1 and therefore expedient1 and necessary to provide that no person of the ,college of ,physicians 7for all practisers then were of the said body7 be suffered to exercise1 and practise ,physic1 but only those persons that be profound1 sad1 and discreet1 groundly learned1 and deeply studyed in ,physic4 ,now certain it is1 that none of the said body did or dare use any of the forementioned frauds and deceits1 but will constantly indeavour 7since 'tis impossible but there will be ,cheatees2 7according to the old ,proverb1 ,populus vult decipi1 ,the ,people will be deceived7 to abridge the number of the ,cheaters1 who answer to the former part of the ,proverb1 ,decipiatur1 ,let them be couzened4 ,i shall end this discourse by returning from my digression to the ,apothecaries1 who may and do use some of the tricks before-mentioned1 and shall here briefly recite some great advantages they have1 and make use of above ,physicians4 ,one is1 that they live in this ,city #g or #h years as ,apprentices1 as also by their retail ,trade1 and by living in open ,shops1 by frequent converse with their fellow ,citizens1 whether in ,commerce or ,offices1 by many friendly and ,neighbourly mutual kindnesses and actions1 wherein they spend their whole lives1 and are never diverted by studies1 and ingenuity from their proposed way of gain1 by all which means they get into a fixed familiarity and good opinion with their ,neighbours1 and a large acquaintance in the ,world4 ,now for their skill1 besides what hath been before-mentioned1 and common to them with the ,mountebank1 viz4 ,vapouring and braging of their skill1 and decrying ,physicians1 by talking above the ,capacity of those they converse with1 who therefore take all they say to be authentick1 though never so absurd1 and trivial1 and many times to set off themselves they will venture to speak ,latine commonly as false as the matter1 although some of them at ,coffee-,houses1 and in other mixt ,companies1 by venturing so boldly have been met with and baffled1 and made to depart thence with shame and discredit enough1 which their friends and acquaintance take little notice of4 ,add hereunto their exposing to view their ,compositions of ,treacle1 ,mithridate1 ,diascordium and ,alkermes1 which all their friends1 and neighbours one time or another must see2 7being set off by some very curiously7 and seeing cannot but admire the great charge1 art1 and labour of the ,apothecary1 and perhaps hear his learned ,lecture upon them1 whereby they imply their great skill1 knowledg in the virtues of these ingredients1 and consequently an ability to practise with them2 all which are below the dignity of a ,physician2 and therefore a long time is necessary for him to gain acquaintance1 wanting the fore-mentioned opportunities the ,apothecaries enjoy4 ,lastly1 ,their painted ,pots and ,glasses1 with false ,titles on them1 more win the vulgar then a ,physicians ,library of far greater value4 ,as to their incapacity for ,practice1 'tis manifest by their education1 and ignorance of all those things which are required in an able ,physician1 viz4 the knowledg of ,arts and ,languages2 by the former whereof men learn the way and rules of observing1 and improvements to be made thereon2 by the latter1 what the learned searchers of ,nature have in all ,ages taken notice of1 necessary1 and little enough in an ,art so difficult as that of ,physic4 ,they are wholy ignorant also of all ,philosophy1 and the very ,elements of the ,art1 and therefore unskillful in knowing diseases2 and more surely their causes1 whereto respect is to be had1 as well as to the diseases1 to which1 fit remedies are to be applyed4 ,for want of ,anatomy know neither the part affected1 nor how 'tis affected2 much lets any thing of ,chirurgical directions4 ,and through their ignorance in ,philosophy1 and ,arts1 they have not skill enough to advise a diet sutable to diseases2 a thing most necessary1 as well in curing diseases as in preserving of health1 and which requires a great insight into the nature of things2 nor the true grounds and reasons of compounding1 practising their way rather by rote then by rule2 with better reason may a ,brick-layer or ,carpenter pretend to be a ,mathematical1 or a ,common ,fidler to be a ,musick ,reader in the ,universities1 or ,gresham-,college1 since both these have the practical part of those ,sciences1 which ,apothecaries have not in ,physic1 in the least measure4 ,and to conceal their mis-actings1 they generally do all by word of mouth1 and not enter their prescriptions into their ,books1 being haply ashamed any knowing men should discover their sins of omission1 as dangerous many times in point of life and health1 as those of their commission4 ,whereas ,physicians ,bills are on the ,file1 or registred in ,order in their own ,books1 which is their justification from all misrepresentations4 ,again1 they sufficiently confess their ignorance1 by calling in ,physicians when their own1 or any of their relations healths are concerned1 and the same all people acknowledge1 when they are in distress and danger4 ,and very few understanding persons1 and none that are learned and knowing1 will trust them at all4 ,but ,i shall refer the ,reader to the forementioned ,writer against the ,apothecaries1 viz4 ,dr4 ,daniel ,coxe1 who permitted me to name him here2 by whom this and many other things here but briefly touched1 are judiciously handled1 and more largely4 ,and as for their skill in practice1 we daily see their gross errours and omissions1 being called where they have given ,medicines4 ,i shall instance only in one that hapned at the writing hereof2 viz4 that an ,apothecary gave strong ,purging ,pills on the ,fit day of a gentle ,quartan ,ague1 which turned it into a violent ,fever1 to the great hazard of the ,patients life4 ,and at how easie rate they practise1 many of their ,bills brought and complained of to our ,college1 7in some whereof ,i have seen ,fees set down for ,visits7 witness1 wherein upon a slight disease #e l4 hath been demanded for four days practice4 ,and ,i have heard one of them brag1 that he commonly had from #bj to #ajj l4 besides presents1 for cure of a ,clap 7as they call it7 which might have been more speedily and securely performed for a manifold lesser sum4 ,i now come to answer some slight objections2 as first1 that ,physicians are unskillful in the ,art of making ,medicines2 but sure those that thus object cannot deny them that ability which ,ladies1 and almost all ordinary women have2 viz4 of distilling of waters of all sorts1 making of ,syrups1 ,conserves1 ,preserves1 ,powders1 ,trochiscs1 ,electuaries 7and what not7 and as many think1 more cleanly and neatly then the ,apothecaries2 and some of them ,ointments1 and ,plasters1 in which two lyes their main skill4 ,some whereof1 to those that understand not the way of dissolution of bodies1 and the nature of their mixture may be difficult4 ,yet this defect they may supply by lessening the number of ingredients1 and may perform more with #b1 or #c ,simples1 then with the larger ,compositions1 as 'tis manifest in the use of ,galbanum alone1 now used and found better then ,emplastrum ,hystericum1 consisting of #ba ingredients4 ,and though as matters now stand1 ,physicians have not the honour to be counted superiour to ,apothecaries in their ,art1 yet every one knows that they alone are the prescribers and directors of the ,apothecaries in what they know2 and are able to puzzle them in infinite things that concern their ,trade1 besides in ,chymical preparations1 whereof most of them are totally ignorant2 and should ,physicians withdraw themselves from their conversation1 few pretenders to ,physic would appear more unskillful then they1 neither knowing how to deal with a new ,simple1 nor a new disease4 ,and for all their pretences of skill in ,drugs1 'tis most certain that the ,state makes ,physicians not ,apothecaries1 ,judges of them2 and the ,statute of ,henry the ,,viii4 appoints the ,college ,censors upon ,oath1 not the ,apothecaries to judg1 and condemn false and sophisticated ,medicines4 ,a second objection wherewith they flatter themselves1 is1 that the great expence of time in preparing ,medicines will keep ,physicians from this course4 ,i answer1 that the ,physician needs not spend much more then half an hour in a day1 one with another1 on this work1 and may faster dispense them then the ,apothecaries to ,hospitals1 who in an afternoon can provide for #ajj1 nay sometimes #bjj sick men1 and carry them to the ,hospital1 and dispose them to each single person1 which takes up much time1 which the ,physicians ,servants need not be put to4 ,a third objection is1 that this course1 which before 'twas put in practice they derided1 now used is railed at1 will undo them4 ,i answer that if needs1 one or the other must be ruined1 'tis more reasonable that the ,apothecary should suffer then the ,physician1 because the one acts but his duty1 and for the publick good1 but the other are transgressors of the ,law1 and act above the ,sphere of their skill1 and do many prejudices to the precious lives1 and healths of men2 and the rather1 because 'tis in their own power to prevent this mischief1 by stinting the number of their ,servants 7as 'tis in foreign parts1 and in ,england also1 in very many if not most other ,trades4 ,nay our ,state allows but a set number of ,printers7 for they acknowledg themselves1 that the exceeding increase of their number must necessarily in a short time bring them all to shifting and beggery1 and a greater want of skill then what they now pretend to4 ,but to answer this ,objection more fully1 ,i affirm ,apothecaries have made and do make use of several other ways of subsistence2 besides their bare trades 7none of which ,physicians can use7 viz4 some of them in this ,city as well as in the ,country1 sell ,grocery-wares1 and by both together1 gain ,estates4 ,secondly1 ,they barter in ,drugs and other ,commodities1 selling them amongst themselves1 and to other ,tradesmen4 ,furthermore1 they are now building a ,laboratory to make all sorts of ,chymical ,medicines1 intending to supply the whole ,nation with them1 which must necessarily undo all the ,chymists in ,london2 and whether in time they will not distil ,strong-waters1 c4 7an easie thing for them to undertake7 and by this means to ruine the ,corporation of ,distillers of ,strong-waters1 ,i leave to the said ,company to conceive as they please4 ,however1 this ,i have heard several of them say1 that they resolve to buy all sorts of ,drugs1 and make a ,magazine of them1 as well as of the greater ,compositions1 at their own ,hall2 and to sell them to the ,members of their ,company1 whereby the ,trade of the ,druggist1 must be much lessened1 if not totally over-thrown4 ,so little regard have they of any other employment but of their own1 yet all these things they may do without any offence against the ,laws of the ,land4 ,why then should they1 who have so many ways of subsistence1 envy1 and usurp unlawfully over the single and lawful way granted ,physicians for their livelihood8 ,or why would they repine1 and revile them for advancing their ,art1 the publick health and profit1 and for maintaining their profession by their ,pens1 and actings against themselves1 who are the first aggressors in this division8 ,which ,i profess to be the sole end of these present papers1 and heartily wish they may thrive and prosper as long as they conform themselves to the ,laws of ,honesty1 ,reason1 and of the ,land4 ,besides1 why may not the ,plaisterer more reasonably pretend the same to the ,painter1 and many other ,trades against one another1 as the ,brick-layer to the ,stone-,cutter1 c4 that they understand the ,trade1 and that truly too1 and that they cannot subsist without this incroachment8 ,and why should not ,chirurgeons keep open ,apothecaries ,shops8 but that the same ,law limits those ,tradesmen1 as well as prohibits the ,apothecary from the practice of ,physic4 ,and surely the ,law and ,state have no consideration of those persons subsistence1 who conform not to them2 and why should we have of those1 subordinate to us1 who against all good ,conscience take away from us all that is our due1 and continually traduce and slander us very untruly and designingly8 ,the last objection 7and a strange one7 is1 that in this private way of giving ,medicines1 ,physicians may poyson their ,patients4 ,but this is easily retorted upon the ,apothecaries1 who may themselves or their ,servants do the like1 as 'tis known in the poysoning of ,sir ,thomas ,overbury2 besides1 since it cannot be otherwise1 but that the ,patient must trust somebody1 'tis better to trust one then many2 and if one1 better him whose education will teach him better ,morality1 7and who hath given his ,faith 7equivalent to an ,oath7 twice to the ,body of the ,college2 viz4 once at his admission as ,candidate1 and a second time at his admission as ,fellow2 whereby he promiseth in these words1 ,that he shall give nothing to cause miscarriage1 or to destroy1 or hinder ,conception1 nor ,poysons 7for of such1 good ,medicines may be made7 to an evil purpose1 nay that he shall not even teach them where there is any suspicion of ill using of them4 ,which promise is nothing else but the ,oath proposed by ,hippoc4 to ,physicians1 in the entrance to his ,books7 then to trust such as want these qualifications2 and this seems to be the reason why our ,common ,law makes it ,felony1 for any person to have any one dy under his hand1 unless he were a lawful ,physician4 ,more noble and generous was the opinion of ,alexander the ,great1 concerning his ,physician1 who confidently drank off that ,medicine which cured him1 though he was before informed by some friend that 'twas poysoned4 ,neither can ,history it self to my knowledg produce any example1 that ever any such foolish ,villany was acted2 ,though doubtless many lives might have been saved if the ,apothecaries would have complyed with the ,college1 in their proposed ,orders for selling ,rats-bane4 ,in the next place ,i shall recite some few of their devices against those ,physicians in particular that make their own ,medicines1 as to tell the ,patient that is averse to ,chymical ,medicines1 that the ,doctor is ,chymical1 and that because forsooth he makes his own ,medicines2 but to those that affect ,chymical1 that the ,doctor is but a ,galenist1 and useth only dull and ineffectual remedies1 as best suits to the sick mans ,palat4 ,a second is1 that if this ,physician be called in to a ,patient1 the ,apothecary will pretend present danger1 and in his absence call in another1 or pretend he is abroad when he is not1 or else that the ,case requires the counsel of two ,physicians2 and what other devices they use1 ,i have not well learned4 ,now briefly follow some small ,scandals they cast upon the said ,physicians1 as first that they do it for want of practice2 the falsity whereof is known by those few that do act this way already1 and shortly 'twill be more apparent1 when many more of good practice1 singular parts and honesty will do the like1 and certainly nothing but lazyness1 ignorance1 or want of will to do the utmost good they are able for the sick1 can hinder them from so doing1 except age1 infirmity of body1 or want of convenience4 ,but suppose 'tis so as they alledg1 doubtless every man may and ought to use all lawful means for his own subsistence2 and do not our adversaries say they are inforced to it1 affirming that unless they give ,medicines of themselves1 their acquaintance will go to another ,apothecary who will do it1 though one of their ,company told me1 they had power by their ,charter to restrain practice8 ,whence 7if true7 it clearly follows that the whole ,company allows it4 ,but those ,physicians1 that for the reasons above1 cannot nor will not take this course1 are to be admonished1 to do here as the ,physicians did in ,france1 for the good of people1 viz4 to tell their ,patients the prices of ,medicines1 and to write their ,bills in ,english1 that thereby the ,patients may not pay too unreasonable for them4 ,i now conclude1 having performed this ungrateful task1 with as much brevity1 mildness of ,spirit1 and language1 as the business would permit 7and what the prudent ,statutes of our ,college require of each of their members1 that we shall by all honest and lawful ways and means prosecute all illiterate ,mountebanks and ,impostors1 c4 and is no more then the ,laws and ,charters granted to us allow1 and what we twice faithfully promise 7as much an ,oath as we can give7 viz4 at our admission as ,candidate and as ,fellow7 being obliged to another work of greater difficulty1 and concern1 long since promised1 having been too long diverted with fitting my self for my intended practice1 and several other unavoidable ,occasions4 ,postscript4 ,reader1 ,there intervening so small a space from the publication of the first ,edition of these ,papers to this second2 ,i thought to have added nothing to it1 but to have put it out only more correct1 as the ,title intimates2 but since some ,sheets were printed off1 ,i have had the opportunity to be informed of some exceptions taken to them1 which being but few1 ,i shall give the ,objectors full satisfaction in4 ,though one answer might serve for all2 viz4 that an ,apothecary in the presence of two ,physicians1 said1 that he had told me of all these ,cheats1 and indeed they are so common1 that whosoever shall be conversant with them1 may observe most of these to be a great part of their discourse4 ,the ,first exception against ,myrtle-leafs1 that they were not shewed the ,censors for ,sena1 a ,binder for a ,purger2 the time ,i have forgot2 the ,censors then were1 ,sir ,george ,ent1 ,dr4 ,goddard1 ,dr4 ,king1 and my ,self2 the places1 ,tut-hill-street1 and some ,shops in ,king-street2 ,mr4 ,shellberry being then ,master of the ,company4 ,secondly1 ,as for ,mushrooms rubbed over with ,chalk for ,agaric2 this was found by the ,censors in the ,old-,baily1 at the ,shop of one now dead1 and therefore ,i shall say no further of it1 it being taken notice of by ,mr4 ,evelyn1 as is intimated before4 p4#h4 ,a ,third is ,diascordium made of ,honey and ,bole-,armeniac1 this was discovered in a ,shop at the end of ,drury-lane near ,holborn1 concluded to be so by ,sir ,george ,ent1 ,my ,self1 and ,mr4 ,richardson then ,master of the ,company1 and the rest of the ,censors and ,wardens1 easily to be remembred1 and was by them taken away to their ,hall2 a pound whereof ,i had1 and by dissolution found it to be no otherwise2 what the ,apothecaries did with the large ,pot of the remainder ,i know not4 ,besides these1 ,i have heard no exception to the whole concerning frauds4 ,now since the ,cheaters with the ,cheatees1 most insist on the objection of ,poyson2 ,i add to what hath been formerly said2 that ,poysons are not necessarily to be given in ,medicines alone1 but may be given in ,broaths1 ,beer1 or any other thing taken into the ,body1 and that without the consultation or knowledg of any ,physician1 and surely if any one had a mind to ,poyson his ,relations 7an ,action abominable to the ,english ,nation7 he would rather ,act privately himself1 having many opportunities offered to him1 rather then by communicating it to others1 make himself obnoxious to their discovery4 ,but if he should communicate to others1 'tis more probable he would communicate it to meaner1 and more ,mercenary persons1 as ,apothecaries and ,nurses1 at a smaller rate and with more security1 then reveal such secrets to ,physicians1 ,men of ,honour1 and ,honesty4 ,furthermore1 if any mans life be suspected to be taken away with ,poyson1 and by opening the body it should appear so 7and without which it cannot well appear7 the ,physician is doubtless as lyable to the ,law as any other person whatsoever4 ,so that the ,patient hath as much moral security from this mischief1 as possibly can be had1 or wished in humane affairs4 ,nay suppose the ,physician might be so corrupted 7as to take away his ,patients life7 he might effect it without the least suspition2 either by neglecting1 or omitting what was necessary1 or by giving him unproper ,medicines1 for which he could be accused of ignorance or errour only2 besides1 if he had a mind to poyson1 he as well as others1 assistants of ,visitors1 might do it securely enough1 by conveying into a singular ,cordial1 or any ,medicine made by the ,shops1 and often taken by the ,patient before with good success1 a mortal dose without any knowledg or surmise of any such horrid practice4 ,add hereunto what an able ,chirurgeon suggested1 that ,apothecaries taking upon them the wrapping up1 and ,embalming of ,bodies 7whereby they gain more money then by several years practice upon them2 for their embalming amounts to very great sums7 may upon better reason be suspected of poysoning then any other persons whatsoever conversant among the sick1 since both a particular interest and convenience of concealing may induce them to it4 ,lastly1 did this ,objection carry any weight in it1 then neither ,physicians1 ,chirurgeons1 ,apothecaries1 ,nurses1 nor ,friends1 might administer to the sick2 because all these1 as well as ,physicians1 may clandestinely poyson their ,relations4 ,and therefore that an ,objection should be raised by such persons that have more opportunities and advantage 7in a thing never proved to be done1 because 'tis possible only7 to hinder so manifest and publick a profit as hath been proved2 appears to be very weak and absurd4 ,and having done with the ,objections made to others1 and to my self also by some of the ,company1 with whom ,i have conversed1 who huff'd exceedingly at my first discourse with them1 but departed 7seemingly at least7 well satisfied1 ,i am sure fully and without reply answered1 and with addition of many other ,cheats besides1 which ,i shall not here mention for the reasons above specified3 ,i shall here transcribe one gratulatory ,letter amongst many sent me by a ,divine well known in ,physic1 being very comprehensive of most ,i have said1 to the end the ,universities and all learned men may see what is like to become of one of the three of their noble professions3 ,the words of the ,letter are these4 ,your design all ingenious persons approve highly1 to whom ,i have communicated it4 ',tis frequent with a ,master ,apothecary that hath served but #b1 or #c years1 nay some scarce one1 to take ,apprentices for as little1 or less time1 with a little more money then ordinarily2 and presently they assume the ,title of ,doctors1 though they understand no more then only to write to a whole-sale ,apothecary in your ,city4 ,and truly their couzenages here in the ,country do exceed those in the ,city4 ,for ,i have known #bs4 #f;d4 taken for a little ,plaster of ,galbanum1 and it is usual to make one pectoral ,syrup serve for all2 as having occasion to enquire for ,syrup of ,jujubs1 one of them ingenuously confessed 7not knowing what ,jujubs were7 that he used one pectoral ,syrup for all1 a little varying the colour sometimes1 and this a peculiar receipt of his own1 something differing from any in the ,dispensatory4 ,as for their opposition also in the ,country1 take this one ,example4 ,an eminent ,physician of ,gloucester by reason of the ,apothecaries ,frauds1 c4 betook himself to make his own ,medicines1 taking for his ,servant one that was not a ,freeman of the said ,city4 ,who in his ,masters absence1 and contrary to his command1 sold to an ,apothecary a ,medicine not to be had1 or at least pretended not to be had in the ,town1 for a most urgent and necessary use2 whereupon the ,apothecaries conspiring together1 exhibited a complaint to the ,mayor and ,court of ,aldermen1 requiring of them1 that the said ,physician 7who was a ,freeman1 and had lately born the ,office of ,mayor7 might be dis-franchised4 ,which being not granted them1 they set the whole ,city into such disorder1 that they refused to attend the ,mayor on a ,solemn day 7as their ,custom is1 and are bound to do7 with their ,flags from their ,town-,hall to the ,church1 which the prudence of the ,magistrates for the present qualified4 ,this relation ,i had from the then ,mayor my ,kinsman1 in the presence of a ,london ,apothecary4 ,next as to the ,lyes and ,scandals of my self1 ,i shall take notice only of those that concern practice 7the rest being but generally false and non-sensical revilings47 ,one is1 that they most untruly entitle me to have been ,physician to the ,lady ,anderson1 and many others which ,i never saw or heard of2 and that ,i soon dispatched them4 ,another wherewith they make great noise1 is1 of one ,mr4 ,staples in ,covent-,garden1 whom they say also ,i dispatched in few days4 ,the true relation whereof was this4 ,an able ,physician of the ,college had him in hand for the ,jaundice1 about two ,months before ,i was called1 whereupon we consulted and writ a note to the ,apothecary2 a week after the consultation ,i was sent for1 and desired to take care of him alone2 he was then1 besides the ,jaundice1 troubled with continual ,torments in his ,bowels1 which were as hard as a ,board 7as they say7 his ,stomach gone1 his nights restless1 a vehement ,cough joyned with a ,hectick ,fever1 having long before had an ill ,habit of ,body4 ,in this ,case ,i found him1 and in a ,months time or thereabouts1 ,i cured his ,jaundice1 relieved his ,torments1 removed the hardness of his ,bowels1 mitigated his ,cough1 but the ,hectick ,fever continuing he declined2 at length another ,physician was called in1 who can witness the truth of what was done1 and upon the whole we had good reason to think his ,liver to be ,apostemated4 ,after which consultation he had no more of me1 telling me he would rely on ,kitchin ,physic1 and after that ,i never saw him4 ,now this being the only relation ,i have heard in this kind1 ,i have been the larger to recite it1 that thereby the ,reader may take an estimate of their dealing with me in the like reports4 ,the like or worse1 some of them have said of other ,physicians1 which perhaps hereafter shall be more fully related with all the ,circumstances4 ,as for their malicious anger1 and disadvantageous to themselves1 take this one example2 ,i having prescribed a ,plaster for the ,head1 an ,apothecary would not make it1 because prescribed by me2 and ,i have been informed that many of them agreed they would make nothing for such ,physicians as made their own ,medicines2 a poor and pitiful revenge1 to their own loss and discredit4 ,another ,scandal is1 the fewness of my ,medicines4 ',tis true my ,closet is not open to every bodies ,eye1 nor have ,i so many and large ,pots and ,glasses1 or fill'd with as good as nothing1 or the same ,medicine1 in several with different ,titles1 neither are any of mine guilded to make a shew with2 yet ,i dare offer to view with the best of their ,shops1 for number of good and really useful ,medicines fit to answer presently any ,physicians intentions1 for internal remedies4 ,and this will be attested by some of my learned ,collegues1 who have seen and perused them4 ,whereas the ,shops contain only some general ,medicines1 whereof few single ,physicians make use of one quarter in their practice1 and upon most particular cases are compell'd to prescribe what is not readily dispensed in the ,shops4 ,others insinuate my seldom change of ,medicines4 ,to which ,i answer1 that where all circumstances are the same1 and a good success follows1 ,i neither do1 nor will much vary1 the easiest thing in the ,world to be done1 both to colour and tast4 ,for such changes 7necessary to be used in ,shop-practice7 without manifest reason1 clog a ,patients ,purse and ,stomach1 may not suit with the ,patients ,disease nor ,constitution4 ,and doubtless every ,physician writes at first what he conceives most fit1 and proper in the ,case proposed2 and if this agrees fully to his expectation1 runs some hazard in the alteration1 which he is necessitated to do in the ,shop-way1 for many reasons before-mentioned4 ,besides1 who scruples to take the ,medicinal ,waters of ,epsom1 ,barnet1 and ,tunbridge1 many weeks together8 or who refuseth a constant unalter'd ,diet-,drink for some ,months1 or ,years together8 ,and do not ,apothecaries in all ,diseases of the ,lungs1 fly to their pectoral decoction for all persons1 and for the same person at all times1 unless perhaps with the addition of a little ,china to it8 ,some ,patients of the middle rank have by these and such like ,artifices been drawn from me1 but have soon returned1 being undeceived by the fulsomness1 charge1 and the non-success of the ,shops4 ,now these things ,i have here published to this end alone1 that both ,physician and ,patient may take notice of them2 the former to neglect and slight such poor ,calumnies1 and the other to avoid the inconveniencies thence arising4 ,the care ,i had not to injure any particular person1 by naming him in my first ,edition1 or this 7although ,i had so many witnesses of credit1 as appears by the ,postscript1 to justifie any thing they can object against7 makes me hope they will leave off their personal animosities1 or redress their ,crimes1 their ,vanity of threatning me with #bjjjj l4 ,actions1 and affrighting my publishing this1 together with my further proceedings1 by their intended assaults and batteries2 which make them appear so ridiculous1 that ,i smile at the first1 and pardon the last2 wishing them to consider seriously how the expectation some have of what they can say for themselves1 together with the necessity that obliges them to it 7if possible7 were enough one would think1 besides their many large brags of a speedy and full answer 7which they have a long time buzzed about the ,town as a present remedy in this exigence7 this ,i say were enough to make any man conclude them guilty1 but 'tis hoped this ,edition will either work in them an amendment1 or bury their confident presumptions1 leaving no man a belief of their innocency4 ,if their promised answer be any thing else but ,libelling1 or a ,ballad without rhime or reason1 stuft with falsities and revilings1 such as was only given to ,dr4 ,coxe's ,book2 ,i shall return it a speedy and full answer1 and with an addition of far greater ,frauds and ,abuses1 if they therein desire it4 ,feb4 #bj ,hatton-,garden4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pag4 #ce4 l4 #f read ,physician1 pag4 #fg4 l4 #ac4 read then to trust4 ,,finis4