,series ,four                   ,men1   
,manners and ,critics                   
,no4 #b          ,anonymous1 ,of        
,genius1 in ,the ,occasional ,paper1    
,volume ,,iii1 ,number #aj 7#agai7      
and             ,aaron ,hill1 ,preface  
to ,the ,creation 7#agbj7               
,with an ,introduction by               
,gretchen ,graf ,pahl                   
,the ,augustan ,reprint ,society        
,march1 #aidi                           
,price3 ,one ,dollar                    
,,general ,,editors                     
,,richard ,c4 ,,boys1 ,university of    
,michigan     ,,edward ,,niles ,,hooker1
 ,university of ,california1 ,los       
,angeles     ,h4,t4 ,,swedenberg1 ,,jr41
 ,university of ,california1 ,los       
,angeles                                
,,assistant ,,editor              ,w4   
,,earl ,,britton1 ,university of        
,michigan                               
,,advisory ,,editors            ,,emmett
 ,l4 ,,avery1 ,state ,college of        
,washington               ,,benjamin    

,,boyce1 ,university of ,nebraska       
,,louis ,i4 ,,bredvold1 ,university of  
,michigan                  ,,cleanth    
,,brooks1 ,yale ,university             
,,james ,l4 ,,clifford1 ,columbia       
,university               ,,arthur      
,,friedman1 ,university of ,chicago     
,,samuel ,h4 ,,monk1 ,university of     
,minnesota                ,,ernest      
,,mossner1 ,university of ,texas        
,,james ,,sutherland1 ,queen ,mary      
,college1 ,london                       
,lithoprinted from copy supplied by     
author                                  
by                       ,edwards       
,brothers1 ,inc4                    ,ann
 ,arbor1 ,michigan1 ,u4,s4,a4           
,transcriber's ,note3 ,some of the latin
 footnotes and the errata were difficult
 or impossible to read4 ,these are      
annotated4                              
,,introduction   ,the anonymous essay   
,of ,genius1 which appeared in the      
,occasional ,paper of #agai1 still      
considers genius largely a matter of    

aptitude or talent1 and applies the term
 to the mechanick as well as the fine   
arts4 ,the work is1 in fact1 essentially
 a pamphlet on education4 ,the author's 
main concern is training1 and study1 and
 conscious endeavor4 ,naturally enough1 
his highest praise--even where poetry is
 in question--is reserved for those     
solid ,augustan virtues of judgment and 
good sense4  ,and yet the pamphlet      
reveals some of the tangled roots from  
which the later concept of the original 
or primitive genius grew4 ,for here are 
two prerequisites of that later1 more   
extravagant concept4 ,one is the        
author's positive delight in the        
infinite differences of human           
temperaments and talents--a delight from
 which might spring the preference for  
original or unique works of art4 ,the   
other is his conviction that there is   
something necessary and foreordained    
about those differences3 a conviction   
essential to faith in the artist who is 
apparently at the mercy of a genius     

beyond his own control4 ,the importance 
of this latter belief was long ago      
indicated in ,paul ,kaufman's ,heralds  
of ,original ,genius4  ,while his tone  
is perhaps more exuberant than that of  
most of his immediate contemporaries1   
there is nothing particularly new in our
 author's interest in those aspects of  
human nature which render a man         
different from his fellows4 ,it is true 
that the main stress of neoclassical    
thought had rested on the fundamental   
likeness of all men in all ages1 and had
 sought an ideal and universal norm in  
morals1 conduct1 and art4 ,but there had
 always been counter currents making for
 a recognition of the inescapable       
differences among various races and     
individuals4 ,such deviations were often
 merely tolerated1 but toward the close 
of the seventeenth century more and more
 voices had praised human diversity4    
,england1 in particular1 began to take  
notice of the number of originals       
abounding in the land4  ,at least as old

 as the delight in human differences was
 the belief in the foreordained nature  
of at least those differences resulting 
in specific vocational aptitudes4 ,this 
is the conviction that each man has at  
birth--innately and inevitably--a       
peculiar bent for some particular       
contribution to human society4          
,environment is not ignored by the man  
who wrote ,of ,genius1 for he insists   
that each man's bent may be greatly     
developed by favorable circumstances and
 proper education1 and1 conversely1 that
 it may be entirely frustrated by       
unpropitious circumstances or wilful    
neglect4 ,but in no way can a man's     
inborn talent for one thing be converted
 to a talent for anything else4  ,in the
 works of many ,augustan writers1 too1  
it is easy to see how the enthusiasm for
 individualism1 later to become one of  
the hallmarks of romanticism1 actually  
sprang from an earlier faith in a       
,god-directed universe of law and order4
 ,there is a kind of universal law of   

supply and demand1 and the argument is  
simply that each link in the human      
chain1 like those in the animate and    
inanimate worlds above and below it1 is 
predestined to a specific function for  
the better ordering of the whole4 ,lewis
 ,maidwell1 for instance1 still employs 
the medieval and ,renaissance analogy of
 the correspondence between the human   
body and the social organism 7,an ,essay
 upon the ,necessity and ,excellency of 
,education73      ,upon ,consideration  
we find this ,difference of ,tempers to 
arise from ,providence1 and the ,law of 
the ,creation1 and to     be most       
,evident in al ,irrational1 and         
,inanimat ,beings 444 ,one     ,man is  
no more design'd for ,al ,arts1 than ,al
 ,arts for     ,one ,man4 ,we are born  
,confaederats1 mutually to help ,one    
another1 therefor appropriated in the   
,body ,politic1 to     this1 or that    
,busyness1 as our ,members are in the   
,natural     to perform their separat   
,offices4  ,this same comparison between

 the body politic and the body human    
occurs in the essay of #agai1 and even  
the author's chief analogy drawn from   
musical harmony bears with it some of   
the flavor of an older system of        
universal correspondences4 ,his         
comparison of the force of genius to the
 pull of gravity1 however1 evokes a     
newer picture4 ,yet it is a picture no  
less orderly and one from which the     
preordained function of each individual 
could be just as logically derived4 ,and
 his rhapsodic praise of the infinite   
diversity of human temperaments is based
 on that favorite comparison with       
natural scenery and that familiar canon 
of neoclassical esthetics3 ordered      
variety within unity1 whether it be in  
nature or in art4  ,the author of the   
pamphlet of #agai introduces another    
refinement on the idea of an inborn bent
 or genius4 ,a man is born not only with
 a peculiar aptitude for the vocation of
 writing1 but with a peculiar aptitude  
for a particular style of writing4 ,some

 such aptitude had presumably resulted  
in that individuality of style1 that    
particular character1 which             
#agth-century ,biblical critics were    
busily searching out in each of the     
writers of ,scripture4  ,individuality  
or originality in the form or plan of a 
work of art1 however1 was quite another 
thing1 and praise of it far more rare4  
,yet there had always been protests     
against the imposition of a universal   
classical standard1 and our author's    
insistence that some few geniuses have  
the right to discard the ,rules of ,art 
and all such ,leading-strings follows a 
well-worn path of reasoning4 ,his       
scientific analogy1 drawn from those    
natural philosophers who had cast off   
the yoke of ,aristotle and all other    
,mens ,light1 is one which had appeared 
at least as early as #affa in ,robert   
,boyle's ,considerations ,touching the  
,style of ,holy ,scripture4 ,it had been
 reiterated by ,dryden and several      
others who refused to recognize an ipse 

dixit in letters any more than in       
science4  ,it must be noted1 however1   
that this rejection of authority for a  
few rare individuals in no way          
constitutes a rejection of reason or    
conscious art4 ,the genius has the right
 to cast off the fetters only after he  
has well studied them4 ,only in one     
instance does our author waver toward   
another conception4 ,this is when he    
pauses to echo ,rowe's preface to       
,shakespeare and ,addison's famous      
,spectator no4 #afj4 ,then indeed he    
boasts that ,england has had many       
,originals who1 without the help of     
,learning1 by the meer ,force of natural
 ,ability1 have produc'd ,works which   
were the ,delight of their own ,times1  
and have been the ,wonder of ,posterity4
 ,but when he doubts whether learning   
would have helped or spoiled them1 it is
 hard to escape the conclusion that he  
is still poised on the horns of the     
typical neoclassical antithesis3 that   
supposed enmity between reason1 which   

was generally thought to create the form
 of the poem1 and the emotions and      
imagination1 which were considered      
largely responsible for its style4      
,only when the admiration for such      
emotional and imaginative qualities     
should outweigh the desire for          
symmetrical form2 when primitive        
literature should be preferred to       
,virgil and ,horace2 and when this      
preference should be joined with a      
belief in the diversity and fatality of 
literary bents--only then could the     
concept of original genius burst into   
full bloom4  ,in ,aaron ,hill's preface 
to the paraphrase of ,genesis1 published
 in #agbj1 we find no preoccupation with
 the fatality of temperament and style4 
,but we do find a rising discontent with
 the emptiness and restraint of much    
contemporary verse1 and a very real     
preference for a more meaningful and a  
more emotional and imaginative poetry4  
,we find1 in fact1 a genuine            
appreciation for the poetry of the ,old 

,testament--a poetry which ,biblical    
scholars like ,le ,clerc were already   
viewing as the product of untrained     
primitives4  ,hill was not alone in his 
admiration for ,biblical style1 for the 
praise of the unclassical poetry of the 
,bible1 which had begun in the          
,renaissance1 had swelled rather than   
diminished during the neoclassical age4 
,by the second decade of the #ahth      
century such ,augustans as ,dennis1     
,gildon1 and ,pope were crying up its   
beauties4 ,not all agreed1 of course1 on
 just what those beauties were4 ,and    
still less did they agree on the extent 
to which contemporary poetry should     
imitate them4  ,one thing upon which    
almost all would have agreed1 however1  
was the adoption of the historical point
 of view in the approach to ,hebrew     
poetry4 ,yet many of ,hill's            
predecessors had stopped short with the 
historical justification4 ,blackmore1   
for instance1 had condemned as bigots   
and sectarians all those who denied that

 the ,hebrew way was as great as the    
classical4 ,he had pronounced it a mere 
accident of fate that modern poetry of  
,western ,europe was modeled on that of 
,greece and ,rome rather than on that of
 ancient ,israel4 ,but he had been      
perfectly willing to accept that        
fate--and to remodel the form and style 
of the book of ,job on what he          
considered the pattern of the classical 
epic4  ,hill is as far as most of his   
contemporaries from appreciating such a 
literal translation as the ,king ,james 
,version4 ,on the other hand1 he is one 
of a small group of critics who were    
beginning to see that at least certain  
aspects of ,biblical style were of      
universal appeal2 that they might be as 
effective psychologically for the modern
 ,englishman as for the ancient ,jew4   
,and he sees in this collection of      
ancient ,oriental literature a          
corrective for some of the worst        
tendencies of a degenerate contemporary 
poetry4  ,hill's attack upon the current

 preoccupation with form and polish1 and
 his contempt for mere smoothness1 for  
the padded redundancy of ,addison and   
the elaborate rhetoric of ,trapp1 are   
all part of a campaign waged by a small 
group of critics to make poetry once    
again a vehicle of the very highest     
truth4 ,he insists1 too1 that great     
thought cannot be contained within the  
untroubled cadences of the heroic       
couplet4 ,his own preference led to the 
freer1 though currently unfashionable1  
,pindaric1 the irregularity of which    
seemed justified by ,biblical example1  
for despite a century and a half of     
study and speculation the secret of     
,biblical verse had not been solved and 
to most critics even the ,psalms        
appeared devoid of any pattern4 ,indeed1
 ,cowley had declared that in their     
freedom of structure and abruptness of  
transition the odes of ,pindar were like
 nothing so much as the poetry of       
,israel4  ,in addition1 ,hill would have
 the modern poet profit by another      

quality of ,biblical style3 its magic   
combination of a magnificent ,plainness 
with the ,spirit of ,imagery4 ,this is  
the ,hebrew virtue of concrete          
suggestiveness1 so highly prized by     
#bjth-century critics and so alien to   
the generalized abstractions and the    
explicit clarity of much #ahth-century  
poetry4  ,in consonance with those who  
believed poetry best communicated truth 
because it appealed to man's senses and 
emotions as well as to his logical      
faculty1 ,hill praises those pictur'd   
,meanings of ,poetry which enflame a    
,reader's ,will1 and bind down his      
,attention4 ,yet his analysis of        
,trapp's metaphorical expansions of     
,biblical imagery reveals that ,hill    
does not like detailed descriptions or  
long-drawn-out comparisons4 ,instead1 he
 admires the ,hebrew ability to spring  
the imagination with a few vividly      
concrete details4 ,prior to ,hill one   
can find1 in a few paraphrasers and     
critics like ,denham and ,lamy1 signs of

 an appreciation of the concrete        
suggestiveness of the ,bible1 but most  
of the hundreds of paraphrasers had felt
 it desirable to expand ,biblical images
 to beautify and clarify them4 ,hill was
 apparently the first to prove the      
esthetic loss in such a practice by an  
analysis of particular paraphrastic     
expansions4  ,despite his theory1       
however1 ,hill's own paraphrase seems   
almost as artificial and un-,biblical as
 those he condemns4 ,he often forgets   
the principles he preaches4 ,but even in
 his preface there is evident a blind   
spot that is a mark of his age4 ,his    
false ideas of decorum1 admiration for  
,milton1 and approval of ,dennis's      
interpretation of the sublime as the    
vast and the terrible1 all lead him to  
condemn the low or the familiar4 ,and   
his own efforts to raise both his       
language and his comparisons to suit the
 high ,biblical subject1 result in      
personifications1 compound epithets1 and
 a ,miltonic vocabulary1 by which the   

very simplicity he himself found in the 
,bible is destroyed4  ,another decade   
was to pass before ,john ,husbands would
 demonstrate a clear appreciation for   
the true simplicity of the ,bible and   
praise its penmen in terms close to     
those employed to describe original     
genius4                                 
,gretchen ,graf ,pahl                   
,pomona ,college   ,the essay ,of       
,genius1 from the ,occasional ,paper    
7#agai71 is reproduced from a copy in   
the ,new ,york ,public ,library4 ,the   
typescript of ,aaron ,hill's preface is 
based on a copy in the ,henry ,e4       
,huntington ,library4 ,both works are   
used with permission4                   
,,the                                   
,,occasional ,,paper4                   
,,vol4 ,,iii4 ,,numb4 ,x4               
,,of                                    
,,genius4           ,the ,cartesian     
,categories are contain'd in these two  
,verses1         ,mens1 mensura1 quies1 
motus1 positura1 ,figura1 ,sunt1        

cum materia1 cunctarum ,exordia rerum4  
,the ,spiritual ,nature1 ,mens1 is at   
the head of ,all4 ,it      ought to be  
look'd on here1 as a ,transcendent      
,nature1      qu vagatur per omnes      
,categorias4                   ,bayle's 
,diction4 on the ,heathen ,doctrine of  
many ,genij4 ,see ,,cainites4           
,,london3                ,printed for   
,,em4 ,,matthews at the ,bible          
in ,pater-,noster-,row2 ,j4 ,,roberts1  
in                ,warwick-,lane2 ,j4   
,,harrison1 under the                   
,royal ,exchange2 and ,a4 ,,dodd1       
without                ,temple-,bar4    
,,mdccxix4                              
,,of                                    
,,genius4   ,it is a ,matter of common  
,observation1 that there is a vast      
,variety in the ,bent of ,mens ,minds4  
,some have a ,taste of one ,way of      
,living1 some of another2 some have a   
,turn for one kind of ,employment1      
others for what is quite different4     
,whether this be from the ,constitution 

of the ,mind itself1 as some ,soils are 
more apt to produce some ,plants and    
,herbs than others2 or from the ,laws of
 ,union between the ,body and ,mind1 as 
some ,climates are more kindly to nurse 
particular ,vegetables than others2 or  
from the immediate ,impulse of that     
,power which governs the ,world1 is not 
so easy to determine4  ,we ascribe this 
to a difference of ,genius amongst ,men4
 ,genius was a ,deity worshipped by the 
,ancient ,idolaters3 ,sometimes as the  
,god of ,nature2 sometimes as the ,god  
of a particular ,city or ,country1 or   
,fountain1 or ,wood1 or the like2       
sometimes as the ,guardian and ,director
 of a single ,person4     ,exuitur1     
,geniumq2 meum prostratus adorat4       
,propert4 l4 #d4 ,el4 #i ,v4 #dc4  ,the 
,heathens had a ,notion1 that every ,man
 upon his ,birth was given up to the,a  
,conduct of some invisible ,being1 who  
was to form his ,mind1 and govern and   
direct his ,life4 ,this ,being the      
,greeks called,b ,greek3 ,daimn or      

,daimonion2 the ,latins1 ,genius4 ,some 
of them suppos'd a,d ,pair of ,genij    
were to attend every ,man from his      
,birth2 one ,good1 always putting him on
 the ,practice of ,virtue2 the other    
,bad1 prompting him to a vicious        
,behaviour2 and according as their      
several ,suggestions were most attended 
to1 the ,man became either ,virtuous or 
,vicious in his ,inclinations3 ,and from
 this ,influence1 which the ,genius was 
suppos'd to have towards forming the    
,mind1 the ,word was by degrees made to 
stand for the ,inclination itself4      
,hence,e indulgere ,genio with the      
,latins signifies1 to give ,scope to    
,inclination1 and more commonly to what 
is none of the best4 ,on the other      
,hand1 ,f,defraudare ,genium1 signifies 
to deny ,nature what it craves4    ,a   
,ferunt ,theologi1 in lucem editis      
,hominibus cunctis1 ,salva   firmitate  
fatali1 bujusmodi quedam1 velut actus   
vectura1 numina   ,sociari3 ,admodum    
tamen paucissimis visa1 quos multiplices

   auxere virtutes4 ,idque  ,oracula    
,autores docuerunt praclari4   ,ammian  
,marcel ,lib4 #ba4    ,b ,greek3        
,hapanti ,daimn andri symparistatai     
,euthys genomen mystaggos tou biou4     
,menan    ,c ,scit ,genius ,natale      
comes1 qui temperat ,astrum1 ,nature    
,deus   ,humana4 ,horat4 ,transcriber's 
,note3 ,this footnote is not seen   in  
the text4    ,d ,volunt unicuique       
,genium appositum ,damonem benum  malum1
   hoc est rationem qua ad meliora      
semper boriatur1  libidinem   qua ad    
pejora1 hic est ,larva  ,genius malus1  
ille bonus ,genius    ,lar4 ,serv4 in   
,virgil1 ,lib4 #f4 v4 #gdc4    ,e       
,indulge ,genio3 carpamus dulcia4 ,pers4
 ,sat4 #e4    ,f ,suum defraudans       
,genium4 ,terent4 ,phorm4 ,act #a4  ,but
 a ,genius in common ,acceptation       
amongst us1 doth not barely answer to   
this ,sense4 ,the ,pondus ,anim is to be
 taken into its ,meaning1 as well as the
 bare ,inclination2 as ,gravitation in a
 ,body 7to which this bears great       

,resemblance7 doth not barely imply a   
determination of its ,motion towards a  
certain ,center1 but the ,vis or ,force 
with which it is carried forward2 and so
 the ,english ,word ,genius1 answers to 
the same ,latin ,word1 and ,ingenium    
together4 ,g,ingenium is the ,vis       
ingenita1 the natural ,force or ,power  
with which every ,being is indued2 and  
this1 together with the particular      
,inclination of the ,mind1 towards any  
,business1 or ,study1 or ,way of ,life1 
is what we mean by a ,genius4 ,both are 
necessary to make a ,man shine in any   
,station or ,employment4 ,nothing       
considerable can be done against the    
,grain1 or as the ,latins express it1   
invita ,minerva1 in spite of ,power and 
,inclination1 ,forc'd ,studies1 says,h  
,seneca1 will never answer3 ,the ,labour
 is in vain where ,nature recoils4      
,indeed1 where the ,inclination towards 
any ,thing is strong1 ,diligence and    
,application will in a great ,measure   
supply the ,defect of natural           

,abilities3 ,but then only is in a      
finish'd ,genius1 when with a strong    
,inclination there is a due ,proportion 
of ,force and ,vigour in the ,mind to   
pursue it4    ,g ,ingenium quasi intus  
genitum4    ,h ,male respondent ingenia 
coacta2 reluctante natur irritus        
,labor est4  ,there is a vast ,variety  
of these ,inclinations among ,mankind4  
,some there are who have no bent to     
,business at all2 but1 if they could    
indulge ,inclination1 would doze out    
,life in perpetual ,sloth and           
,inactivity3 ,others can't be altogether
 ,idle1 but incline only to trifling and
 useless ,employments1 or such as are   
altogether out of ,character4 ,both     
these sorts of ,men are properly good   
for nothing3 ,they just live1 and help  
to,i consume the ,products of the       
,earth1 but answer no valuable ,end of  
,living1 out of ,inclination ,i mean2   
,providence and good ,government have   
sometimes made them serviceable against 
it4    ,i ,fruges consumere nati4       

,horat4  ,the better1 and in ,truth only
 valuable1 ,part of ,mankind1 have a    
,turn for one sort of ,business or      
other1 but with great variety of ,taste4
 ,some are addicted to deep ,thought and
 ,contemplation3 ,some to the abstracted
 ,speculations of ,metaphysicks2 some to
 the evident ,demonstrations of the     
,mathematicks2 some to the ,history of  
,nature1 built upon true ,narration1 or 
accurate ,observations and ,experiments3
 ,some to the ,invention of ,hypotheses1
 to solve the various ,phenomena4 ,some 
affect the study of ,languages1         
,criticism1 ,oratory1 ,poetry1 and such 
like ,studies4 ,some have a ,taste for  
,musick1 some for ,history and those    
,sciences which must help to ,accuracy  
in it3 ,some have ,heads turned for     
,politicks1 and others for ,wars4 ,some 
few there are of such quick and strong  
,faculties1 as to grasp at every thing1 
and who have made a very eminent ,figure
 in several ,professions at once4 ,we   
have known in our ,days the same ,men   

learned in the ,laws1 acute             
,philosophers1 and deep ,divines3 ,we   
have known others at once eloquent      
,orators1 brave ,soldiers1 and finished 
,statesmen4 ,but these ,instances are   
rare4  ,the more general ,inclination   
among ,men is to some ,mechanical       
,business4 ,of this there is most       
general ,use for the ,purposes of ,human
 ,life1 and it needs most ,hands to     
carry it on4 ,the bulk of ,mankind seem 
turned for some or other of these       
,employments1 and make them their       
,choice2 and were not such a            
multiplicity of ,hands engaged in them1 
great part of the ,conveniencies of     
,human ,life would be wanting4 ,but even
 the ,multitude of these ,employments   
leaves room for great variety of        
,inclinations1 and for different ,genij1
 to display and exert themselves4  ,this
 is an admirable and wise ,provision to 
answer every ,end and ,occasion of      
,mankind1 for a sure and harmonious     
,concurrence of ,mens ,actions to all   

the necessary and useful ,affairs of the
 ,world4 ,when in very different ,ways1 
but with equal ,pleasure and            
,application1 they contribute to the    
,order and ,service of the whole4 ,mr4  
,dryden has given an ,hint1 how we may  
form a beautiful and pleasing ,idea of  
this from the ,powers of ,musick1 that  
arise from the ,variety and artful      
,composition of ,sounds4          ,from 
,harmony1 from ,heavenly ,harmony1      
,this ,universal ,frame began4          
,from ,harmony to ,harmony1       ,thro'
 all the ,compass of the ,notes it ran1 
,the ,diapasm closing full in ,man4     
,there seems to be a wonderful ,likeness
 in the natural ,make of ,mens ,minds to
 the various ,tones and ,measures of    
,sounds2 and in their ,inclinations and 
most pleasing ,tastes to the several    
,styles and ,manners of ,musick4        
,something there is in the ,mind1 of    
alike ,composition1 that is easily      
touch'd by the kindred ,harmony of      
,musick1        ,for ,man may justly    

tuneful ,strains admire1        ,his    
,soul is ,musick1 and his ,breast a     
,lyre4  ,we have all the ,materials of  
,musick in the ,tones and ,measure4 ,for
 the infinite ,variety ,composition     
admits of1 can be nothing else1 but     
higher or lower ,tones1 stronger or     
softer ,sounds1 with a slower or swifter
 ,motion4 ,the ,artist1 by an harmonious
 ,mixture of these1 makes the ,musick   
either strong and martial1 brisk and    
airy1 grave and solemn1 or soft and     
moving4  ,there seems to be in ,man a   
,composition of natural ,powers and     
,capacities1 not unlike to these4 ,from 
hence ,i would take the first ,original 
of their distinguishing ,genij4 ,the    
,words by which they are usually        
explain'd1 have a manifest ,allusion    
hereto4 ,thus we say of some ,men1 they 
have a brisk and airy ,genius2 of       
others1 they have a strong and active   
,genius1 a quick and lively ,spirit1 a  
grave and solemn ,temper1 and the like4 
,the different readiness of             

,apprehension1 strength of ,judgment1   
vivacity of ,fancy and ,imagination1    
with a more or less active ,disposition1
 and the several ,mixtures of which     
these ,powers are capable1 are          
sufficient to explain this4 ,they may   
shew us how some have a particular      
,genius for ,wit and ,humour1 others for
 ,thought and ,speculation4 ,whence it  
is1 some love a constant and persevering
 ,application to whatever they          
undertake2 and others are continually   
jumping from one ,thing to another1     
without finishing any thing at all4     
,but we do not only consider in ,musick 
these ,materials1 as ,i may call them1  
of which it is composed2 but also the   
,style and ,manner4 ,this diversifies   
the ,genius of the ,composer1 and       
produces the most sensible and touching 
,difference4 ,there is in all ,musick   
the natural difference of ,tone and     
,measure4 ,they are to be found in the  
most vulgar ,compositions of a ,jig or  
an ,hornpipe4 ,but it is a full         

,knowledge of the ,force and ,power of  
,sounds1 and a judicial ,application of 
them to the several ,intentions of      
,musick1 that forms the ,style of a     
,purcel or ,corelli4 ,this is owing to  
successive ,improvements4 ,the ,ear is  
formed to an elegant ,judgment by       
,degrees4 ,what is harsh and harmonious 
is discovered and corrected4 ,by many   
,advantages1 some at last come to find  
out what1 in the whole ,compass of      
,sounds1 is most soft and touching1 most
 brisk and enlivening1 most lofty and   
elevating4 ,so that whatever the ,artist
 intends1 whether to set an ,air1 or    
compose a ,te ,deum1 he does either1    
with an equal ,genius1 that is1 with    
equal ,propriety and ,elegance4 ,thus   
long ago1        ,timotheus to his      
breathing flute1 and sounding ,lyre1    
,could swell the ,soul to ,rage1 or     
kindle soft ,desire4                    
,and1      ,thus ,david's ,lyre did     
,saul's wild ,rage controul1       ,and 
tune the harsh ,disorders of his ,soul4 

,this may direct us to another ,cause1  
from whence a ,genius arises3 ,a ,genius
 that is formed and acquired4 ,for the  
,turn that ,education1 ,company1        
,business1 the ,taste of the ,age1 and  
above all1 ,principles of vitious or    
virtuous ,manners1 give to a ,man's     
natural ,capacities1 is what chiefly    
forms his ,genius4 ,thus we say of some1
 they have a rude unpolish'd ,genius2 of
 others1 they have a fine1 polite       
,genius4 ,the manner of applying the    
natural ,powers of the ,mind1 is what   
alone may produce the most different and
 opposite ,genij4 ,libertine            
,principles1 and ,virtuous ,morals1 may 
form the ,genius of a ,rake1 from the   
same natural ,capacity1 out of which    
,virtuous ,principles might have form'd 
an ,hero4  ,there is certainly in our   
natural ,capacities themselves1 a       
,fitness for some ,things1 and          
,unfitness for others4 ,thus whatever   
great ,capacities a ,man may have1 if he
 is naturally timorous1 or a ,coward1 he

 never can have a ,warlike ,genius4 ,if 
a ,man has not a good ,judgment1 how    
great soever his ,wit may be1 or polite 
his ,manners1 he never will have the    
,genius of a ,statesman4 ,just as strong
 ,sounds and brisk ,measures can never  
touch the softer ,passions4 ,yet as the 
,art and ,skill of the ,composer1 is    
required to the ,genius of ,musick1 so  
is a ,knowledge of the ,force and ,power
 of the natural ,capacity1 and a        
judicious ,application of it to the best
 and most proper ,purposes1 what forms a
 ,genius for any ,thing4 ,this is the   
effect of ,care1 ,experience and a right
 ,improvement of every ,advantage that  
offers4 ,on this ,observation ,horace   
founded his ,rules for a ,poetical      
,genius4         ,versate diu quid sere 
recusent       ,quid valeant humeri4    
,and1        ,ego nec studium sine      
divite vena1       ,nec rude quid profit
 video ingenium4         ,to speak my   
,thoughts1 ,i hardly know     ,what     
witless ,art1 or artless ,wit can do4   

,the same ,observation in another kind  
is elegantly described by ,mr4 ,waller4 
,great ,julius on the ,mountains bred1  
,a ,flock perhaps1 or ,herd had led4    
,he that the ,world subdued1 had been   
,but the best ,wrestler on the ,green4  
',tis ,art and ,knowledge that draw     
forth       ,the hidden ,seeds of       
,native ,worth4       ,they blow those  
,sparks1 and make 'em rise       ,into  
such ,flames as touch the ,skies4  ,the 
,high and ,martial ,spirit of ,casar    
would have inclined and fitted him1 to  
gain the ,prize of ,wrestling above any 
,country ,sport4 ,but it was the        
,circumstance of his own ,birth and     
,fortune1 the ,state and ,condition of  
the ,commonwealth1 and the ,concurrence 
of many other ,advantages1 which he     
improv'd with great ,care and           
,application1 that made him a finish'd  
,genius1 both in ,arms and ,policy4     
,there is yet another ,thing of         
,consequence to a true ,genius in       
,musick4 ,a ,knowledge of the ,compass  

and peculiar ,advantages of each several
 ,instrument4 ,for the same ,composition
 will very differently touch both the   
,ear and the ,mind1 as perform'd by a   
,flute1 or ,trumpet1 an ,organ1 or a    
,violin4 ,a difference of which1 all    
discern by the ,ear1 but which requires 
a judicious ,observation in the         
,composer4 ,mr4 ,hughes has thus        
express'd their different ,powers4      
,let the ,trumpet's shrill ,voice1      
,and the ,drum's thundering ,noise      
,rouse every dull ,mortal from ,sorrow  
profound4                    ,and1      
,proceed1 sweet ,charmer of the ,ear1   
,proceed1 and through the mellow ,flute1
               ,the moving ,lyre1       
,and ,solitary ,lute1          ,melting 
,airs1 soft ,joys inspire1              
,airs for drooping ,hope to hear4       
,and again1         ,now1 let the       
sprightly ,violin          ,a louder    
,strain begin3            ,and now1     
,let the deep mouth'd ,organ blow1      
,swell it high and ,sink it low4        

,hark6 how the ,treble and the ,base    
,in wanton ,fuges each other chase1     
,and swift ,divisions run their ,airy   
,race4          ,thro' all the travers'd
 ,scale they fly1          ,in winding  
,labyrinths of ,harmony1      ,by turns 
,they rise and fall1 by ,turns we live  
and die4  ,one might not unfitly compare
 to this difference of ,instruments1 the
 different ,make and ,constitution of   
,mens ,bodies1 with the ,influence they 
have1 and the ,impression they make on  
their ,minds1 ,passions and ,actions4   
,from hence alone they may know much1   
how to direct their own proper          
,capacities1 and how they are to suit   
each ,person they are to use1 to the    
most proper ,employment4 ,as ,mr4 ,pope 
,speaks of the ,instruments of ,musick4 
,in a sadly pleasing ,strain1       ,let
 the warbling ,lute complain4       ,let
 the loud ,trumpet sound1       ,till   
the ,roofs       all around ,the shrill 
,echo's rebound4     ,while in more     
lengthen'd ,notes and slow1     ,the    

deep1 majestick1 solemn ,organs blow4   
,harmony1 in its most restrain'd ,sense1
 is the apt and agreeable mixture of    
various ,sounds4 ,such a ,composition of
 them as is fitted to please the ,ear4  
,but every thing in a more extended     
,sense is harmonious1 where there is a  
variety of ,things dispos'd and mix'd in
 such apt and agreeable ,manner4 ,things
 may indeed be thrown together in a     
,crowd1 without ,order or ,art4 ,and    
then every thing appears in ,confusion1 
disagreeable and apt to disgust4 ,but   
absolute ,uniformity will give little   
more ,pleasure than meer ,confusion4 ,to
 be ever harping on one ,string1 though 
it be touch'd by the most ,masterly     
,hand1 will give little more            
,entertainment to the ,ear1 than the    
most confused and discordant variety of 
,sounds mingled by the ,hand of a meer  
,bungler4 ,to have the ,eye for ever    
fix'd on one beautiful ,object1 would be
 apt to abate the ,satisfaction1 at     
least in our present ,state4 ,variety   

relieves and refreshes4 ,it is so in the
 natural ,world4 ,hills and ,valleys1   
,woods and ,pasture1 ,seas and ,shores1 
not only diversify the ,prospect1 but   
give much more ,entertainment to the    
,eye1 that can successively go from one 
to the other1 than any of them could    
singly do4 ,and could we see into all   
the ,conveniencies of things1 how well  
they are fitted to each other1 and the  
common ,purposes of all1 we shou'd find 
that the ,diversity is as usefull as it 
is agreeable4  ,it is the same also with
 the ,world of ,mankind4 ,if all had a  
like ,turn or ,cast of ,mind1 and all   
were bent upon one ,business or way of  
,living1 it would spoil much of the     
present ,harmony of the ,world1 and be a
 manifest ,inconvenience to the         
,publick4 ,perhaps one ,part of         
,learning1 or ,method of ,business1     
would be throughly cultivated and       
improved2 but how many others must be   
neglected1 or remain defective8 ,and it 
would create ,jealousy and ,uneasiness  

among themselves4 ,as ,men are forc'd to
 justle in a ,crowd4 ,for there would   
not be sufficient ,scope for every one  
to exert and display himself1 nor so    
much ,room for many to excel1 when all  
must do it in one ,way4 ,variety of     
,inclination and ,capacity is an        
admirable ,means of common ,benefit4 ,it
 opens a wide ,field for ,service to    
,others1 and gives great ,advantage to  
,mens own ,improvement4  ,and it is     
surprising to consider how great this   
,diversity is4 ,it is almost as various 
as that of bodily ,features and         
,complexion4 ,there is no ,instance of  
any kind of ,learning or ,business2 any 
,thing relating to the ,necessity or    
,delight of ,life2 not the meanest      
,office or the hardest ,labour1 but some
 or other are found to answer the       
different ,purposes of each4 ,they are  
carried through all the ,difficulties in
 their several ,ways1 by the meer ,force
 of a ,genius3 ,and attempt and achieve 
that1 with an high relish of ,pleasure1 

which would give the greatest ,disgust  
to others and utterly discourage them4  
,this stirs up an useful ,emulation1 and
 gives full ,scope for every one to show
 ,himself and appear to advantage4 ,and 
it is certainly for the ,beauty and     
,advantage of the ,body4 ,as many ,hands
 employed in different ,ways about some 
noble ,building1 yet all help either to 
secure its ,strength1 or furnish out all
 the ,convenience1 or give a ,state and 
,grandeur to it4  ,the ,wisdom and      
,beauty of ,providence appear at once in
 this ,variety and ,distinction of      
,powers and ,inclinations among         
,mankind4 ,it is a very wise and a      
necessary ,provision for the common     
,good1 and the ,advantage and ,pleasure 
of particular ,men4 ,it answers to all  
the ,ends and ,occasions of ,mankind4   
,they are in this ,way made helpful to  
one another1 and capable of serving     
,themselves1 and that without much      
trouble or fatigue4 ,business by this   
,means becomes a ,pleasure4 ,the        

greatest ,labours and ,cares are easy   
and entertaining to ,him who pursues his
 ,genius4 ,inclination still urges the  
,man on3 ,obstacles and ,oppositions    
only sharpen his ,appetite1 and put ,him
 upon summoning all his ,powers1 that   
,he may exert ,himself to the uttermost1
 and get over his ,difficulties4 ,all   
the several ,arts and ,sciences1 and all
 the ,improvements made in them from    
,time to ,time2 all the different       
,offices and ,employments of humane     
,life1 are owing to this variety of     
,powers and ,inclinations among ,men4   
,and is it not obvious to every ,eye how
 much of the ,conveniences and ,comforts
 of humane ,life spring from these      
,originals8 ,it is a glorious ,display  
and most convincing ,proof of the       
,interest of ,providence in humane      
,affairs1 and the ,wisdom of its        
,conduct1 to fit ,things in this ,manner
 to their proper ,uses and ,ends4 ,and  
so to sort ,mankind1 and suit their     
,talents and ,inclinations1 that all may

 contribute somewhat to the ,publick    
,good1 and hardly one ,member of the    
whole ,body be lost in the ,reckoning1  
useless to it self1 or unserviceable to 
the ,body4 ,were it otherwise1 what     
large ,tracts of humane ,affairs would  
lie perfectly waste and uncultivated8   
,whereas now all the ,parts of humane   
,learning and ,life lie open to         
,improvement1 and some or other is      
fitted by ,nature1 and dispos'd by      
,inclination1 to help towards it4  ,and 
as ,providence gives the ,hint1 ,men    
should take it1 and follow the ,conduct 
of ,genius in the ,course of their      
,studies1 and ,way of ,employment in the
 ,world2 and in the ,education and      
,disposal of their ,children4 ,men too  
often in this ,case consult their own   
,humour and ,convenience1 not the       
,capacity and ,inclination of the       
,child3 ,and are governed by some or    
other external ,circumstance1 or lower  
,consideration2 as1 what they shall give
 with them1 or to whom to commit the    

,care of them1 c4 ,thus they after      
contrive unsuitable ,marriages1 on the  
single ,view of worldly ,advantage4     
,from this ,cause proceed fatal         
,effects1 and many young ,men of great  
,hopes1 and good ,capacities1 miscarry  
in the after ,conduct of ,life1 and     
prove useless or mischievous to the     
,world4 ,they turn off from a           
disagreeable ,employment1 and run into  
,idleness and ,extravagance4 ,if ,people
 better consider'd the peculiar ,genius 
or proper ,talents of their ,children1  
and took their ,measures of ,treatment  
and ,disposal thence1 we should         
certainly find answerable ,improvements 
and lasting good ,effects4 ,the several 
,kinds of ,learning and ,business would 
come to be more advanced1 and the ,lives
 of ,men become more useful and         
significant to the ,world4  ,i have     
known a large ,family of ,children1 with
 so remarkable a ,diversity of ,genius1 
as to be a little ,epitome of ,mankind4 
,some studious and thoughtful1 and      

naturally inclin'd to ,books and        
,learning2 ,others diligent and         
ambitious1 and disposed to ,business and
 rising in the ,world4 ,some bold and   
enterprizing1 and loved nothing so well 
as the ,camp and the ,field2 or so      
daring and unconfined1 that nothing     
would satisfy but going to ,sea and     
visiting ,foreign ,parts4 ,some have    
been gay and airy1 ,others solid and    
retired4 ,some curious and ,observers of
 other ,men2 ,others open and careless4 
,in short1 their ,capacities have been  
as various as their ,natural ,tempers or
 ,moral ,dispositions4  ,now what a     
,blunder would be committed in the      
,education of such a ,family1 if1 with  
this different ,turn of ,mind in the    
,children1 there should be no difference
 made in the ,management of them1 or    
their ,disposal in the ,world4 ,if all  
should be put into one ,way of ,life1 or
 brought up to one ,business4 ,or if in 
the ,choice of ,employment for ,them1   
their several ,biass and ,capacity be   

not consulted1 but the roving ,genius   
mew'd up in a ,closet1 and confounded   
among ,books3 ,and the studious and     
thoughtful ,genius sent to wander about 
the ,world1 and be perfectly scattered  
and dissipated1 for want of proper      
,application and closer ,confinement4   
,whereas1 one such a ,family wisely     
educated1 and dispos'd in the ,world1   
would prove an extensive ,blessing to   
,mankind1 and appear with a             
distinguished ,glory2 was the proper    
,genius of every ,child first           
cultivated1 and he then put into a ,way 
of ,life that would suit his ,taste4    
,genius is a part of natural            
,constitution1 not acquir'd1 but born   
with us4 ,yet it is capable of          
,cultivation and ,improvement4 ,it has  
been a common ,question1 whether a ,man 
be born a ,poet or made one8 but both   
must concur4 ,nature and ,art must      
contribute their ,shares to compleat the
 ,character4 ,limbs alone will not make 
a ,dancer1 or a ,wrestler4 ,nor will    

,genius alone make a good ,poet2 nor the
 meer ,strength of natural ,abilities   
make a considerable ,artist of any kind4
 ,good ,rules1 and these reduc'd to     
,practice1 are necessary to this ,end4  
,and ,use and ,exercise in this1 as well
 as in all other ,cases1 are a second   
,nature4 ,and1 oftentimes1 the second   
,nature makes a prodigious ,improvement 
of the ,force and ,vigour of the first4 
,it has been long ago determined by the 
great ,masters of ,letters1 that good   
,sense is the chief ,qualification of a 
good ,writer4    ,scribendi certe sapere
 est  ,principium  ,fons4               
,horat4  ,yet the best natural ,parts in
 the ,world are capable of much         
,improvement by a due ,cultivation4     
,doctrina sed vim promovet insitam1     
,rectique cultus ,pectora roborant4     
,horat4  ,the ,spectator's golden       
,scales1 let down from ,heaven to       
discover the true ,weight and ,value of 
,things1 expresses this ,matter in a    
,way which at once shews1 a ,genius1 and

 its ,cultivation4 ,there is a ,saying  
among the ,scots1 that an ,ounce of     
,mother-,wit1 is worth a ,pound of      
,clergy4 ,i was sensible of the ,truth  
of this ,saying1 when ,i saw the        
difference between the ,weight of       
natural ,parts and that of ,learning4 ,i
 observ'd that it was an hundred ,times 
heavier than before1 when ,i put        
,learning into the same ,scale with it4 
,it has been observ'd1 of an ,english   
,author1 that he would be all ,genius4  
,he would reap the ,fruits of ,art1 but 
without the ,study and ,pains of it4    
,the ,lim ,labor is what he cannot      
easily digest4 ,we have as many         
,instances of ,originals1 this way1 as  
any ,nation can produce4 ,men1 who      
without the help of ,learning1 by the   
meer ,force of natural ,ability1 have   
produced ,works which were the ,delight 
of their own ,times1 and have been the  
,wonder of ,posterity4 ,it has been a   
,question1 whether ,learning would have 
improved or spoiled them4 ,there appears

 somewhat so nobly ,wild and            
,extravagant in these great ,genij1 as  
charms infinitely more1 than all the    
,turn and ,polishing which enters into  
the ,french ,bel ,esprit1 or the ,genius
 improved by ,reading and ,conversation4
  ,but tho' this will hold in some very 
rare ,instances1 it must be much for its
 ,advantage in ordinary ,cases1 that a  
,genius should be diligently and        
carefully cultivated4 ,in order to this1
 it should be early watched and         
observ'd4 ,and this is a matter that    
requires deep ,insight into ,humane     
,nature4 ,it is not so easy as many     
imagine1 to pronounce what the proper   
,genius of a ,youth is4 ,every one who  
will be fiddling1 has not presently a   
,genius for ,musick4 ,the ,idle ,boy    
draws ,birds and ,men1 when he should be
 getting his ,lesson or writing his     
,copy2 ,this ,boy1 says the ,father1    
must be a ,painter2 when alas6 this is  
no more the ,boy's ,genius than the     
,parhelion is the true ,sun4 ,but those 

who have the ,care of ,children1 should 
take some ,pains to know what their true
 ,genius is4 ,for here the ,foundation  
must be laid for improving it4 ,if a    
,mistake be made here1 the ,man sets out
 wrong1 and every ,step he takes carries
 him so much farther from ,home4  ,the  
true ,genius being discovered1 it must  
be supplied with ,matter to work upon1  
and employ it self4 ,this is ,fuel for  
the ,fire4 ,and the fitting a ,genius   
with proper ,materials1 is putting one  
into the ,way of going through the      
,world with ,wind and ,tide4 ,the whole 
,force of the ,mind is applied to its   
proper ,use4 ,and the ,man exerts all   
his ,strength1 because he follows       
,inclination1 and gives himself up to   
the proper ,conduct of his ,genius4     
,this is the right way to excel4 ,the   
,man will naturally rise to his utmost  
,height1 when he is directed to an      
,employment that at once fits his       
,abilities1 and agrees with his ,taste4 
,care must also be taken1 that a ,genius

 be not overstrain'd4 ,our ,powers are  
limited4 ,none can carry beyond their   
certain ,weight4 ,whilst we follow      
,inclination1 and keep within the       
,bounds of our ,power1 we act with ,ease
 and ,pleasure4 ,if we strain beyond our
 ,power1 we crack the ,sinews1 and after
 two or three vain ,efforts1 our        
,strength fails1 and our ,spirits are   
jaded4 ,it wou'd be of mighty ,advantage
 towards improving a ,genius1 to make   
its ,employment1 as much as possible1 a 
,delight and ,diversion1 especially to  
young ,minds4 ,a ,man toils at a ,task1 
and finds his ,spirits flag1 and his    
,force abate1 e'er he has gone half     
thro'2 whereas he can put forth twice   
the ,strength1 and complain of no       
,fatigue1 in following his ,pleasures4  
,of so much ,advantage is it to make    
,business a ,pleasure1 if possible1 and 
engage the ,mind in it out of ,choice4  
,it naturally reluctates against        
,constraint1 and is most unwilling to go
 on when it knows it must4 ,but if it be

 left to its own ,choice1 to follow     
,inclination and pursue its ,pleasure1  
it goes on without any ,rubs1 and rids  
twice the ,ground1 without being half so
 much tired4  ,exercise is also very    
necessary to improve a ,genius4 ,it not 
only shines the more1 by exerting it    
self1 but1 like the ,limbs of an ,humane
 ,body1 gathers ,strength by frequent   
and vigorous ,use1 and becomes more     
pliable and ready for ,action4 ,there   
must indeed sometimes be a ,relaxation4 
,our ,minds will not at present bear to 
be continually bent1 and in perpetual   
,exercise4 ,but our ,faculties          
manifestly grow by using them4 ,the more
 we exert our selves1 if we do not      
overstrain our ,powers1 the greater     
,readiness and ,ability we acquire for  
future ,action4 ,a ,genius1 in order to 
be much improv'd1 should be well workt1 
and kept in close ,application to its   
proper ,pursuit4  ,all the ,foreign     
,help must be procured1 that can be had1
 towards this ,improvement4 ,the        

,instruction and ,example of such as    
excell in that particular way1 to which 
a ,man's ,mind is turned1 is of vast    
,use4 ,a good ,master in the ,mechanical
 ,arts1 and careful ,observation of the 
nicest and most dextrous ,workmen1 will 
help a ,genius of this sort4 ,a good    
,tutor in the ,sciences1 and free       
,conversation with such as have made    
great ,proficiency in them1 must vastly 
improve the more liberal ,genius4       
,reading1 and careful ,reflection on    
what a ,man reads1 will still add to its
 ,force1 and carry the ,improvement     
higher4 ,reading furnishes ,matter1     
,reflexion digests it1 and makes it our 
own2 as the ,flesh and ,blood which are 
made out of the ,food we eat4 ,and      
,prudence and the ,knowledge of the     
,world1 must direct us how to employ our
 ,genius1 and on all occasions make the 
best ,use of it4 ,what will the most    
exalted ,genius signify1 if the ,world  
reaps no ,advantage from it8 ,he who is 
possess'd of it1 may make it turn to    

,account to himself1 and have much      
,pleasure and ,satisfaction from it2 but
 it is a very poor ,business1 if it     
serves no other ,purpose1 than to supply
 ,matter for such private and narrow    
,satisfaction4 ,it is certainly the     
,intention of ,providence1 that a good  
,genius should be a publick ,benefit2   
and to wrap up such a ,talent in a      
,napkin1 and bury it in the ,earth1 is  
at once to be unfaithful to ,god1 and   
defraud ,mankind4  ,those who have such 
a ,trust put into their ,hands1 should  
be very careful that they do not abuse  
it1 nor squander it away4 ,the best     
,genius may be spoiled4 ,it suffers by  
nothing more1 than by neglecting it1 and
 by an ,habit of ,sloth and ,inactivity4
 ,by ,disuse1 it contracts ,j,rust1 or a
 ,stiffness which is not easily to be   
worn off4 ,even the sprightly and       
penetrating1 have1 thro' this neglect1  
sunk down to the ,rank of the dull and  
stupid4 ,some ,men have given very      
promising ,specimens in their early     

,days1 that they could think well       
themselves2 but1 whether from a         
pusillanimous ,modesty1 or a lazy       
,temper at first1 ,i know not2 they have
 by ,degrees contracted such an ,habit  
of ,filching and ,plagiary1 as to lose  
their ,capacity at length for one       
,original ,thought4 ,some ,writers      
indeed1 as well as ,practitioners in    
other ,arts1 seem only born to copy2 but
 it is ,pity those1 who have a ,stock of
 their own1 should so entirely lose it  
by ,disuse1 as to be reduc'd to a       
,necessity1 when they must appear in    
,publick1 to borrow from others4    ,j  
,otium ingera rubig4 ,transcriber's     
,note3 rubig not readable1        may be
 the word for rust or stiffness4  ,men  
should guard against this ,mischief with
 great ,care4 ,a ,genius once squandered
 away by neglect1 is not easily to be   
recovered4 ,tacitus assigns a very      
proper ,reason for this4 ,k,such is the 
,nature1 saith he1 of ,humane           
,infirmity1 that ,remedies cannot be    

applied1 as quick as ,mischiefs may be  
suffered2 and as the ,body must grow up 
by slow ,degrees1 but is presently      
destroyed2 so you may stifle a ,genius  
much more easily than you can recover   
it4 ,for you'll soon relish ,ease and   
,inactivity1 and be in ,love with       
,sloth1 which was once your ,aversion4  
,this can hardly fail of raining the    
best ,capacity1 especially1 if from a   
neglect of severer ,business1 ,men run  
into a ,dissolution of ,manners1 which  
is the too common ,consequence4 ,the    
greatest ,minds have thus been often    
wholly enervated1 and the best ,parts   
buried in utter ,obscurity4  ,k ,natura 
infirmitatis humanae1 tadiora sunt      
remedia quam mala2  ut corpora lente    
augescunt1 cito extinguuntur1 sic       
ingenia studiaque oppresseris1 facilius 
quam revocaveris2 subit quippe ipsius   
inertiae dulcedo1 et invisa primo       
desidia postremo amatur4 ,tacit4 ,vit4  
,agricol4 c4 #c4  ,though the ,rules of 
,art may be of great ,service to improve

 a ,genius1 it is very prejudicial1 in  
many ,cases1 to fetter it self with     
these ,rules1 or confine itself within  
those ,limits which others have fixed4  
,how little would ,science have been    
improv'd1 if every new ,genius1 that    
applies himself to any ,branch of it1   
had made other ,mens ,light1 his ne plus
 ultra1 and resolved to go no farther   
into it1 than the ,road had been beaten 
before him4 ,no doubt there were ,men of
 as good natural ,abilities in the ,ages
 before the ,revival of ,learning1 as   
there have been since4 ,but they were   
cramped with the ,jargon of a wordy and 
unintelligible ,philosophy1 and durst   
not give themselves the ,liberty to     
think in ,religion1 without the         
,boundaries fixed by the ,church1 for   
fear of ,anathemas1 and an ,inquisition4
 ,till those ,fetters were broken1      
little ,advance was made1 for many ,ages
 together1 in any useful or solid       
,knowledge4 ,in truth1 every ,man who   
makes a new ,discovery1 goes at first by

 himself2 and as long as the greatest   
,minds are ,content to go in            
,leading-strings1 they will be but upon 
a ,level with their ,neighbours4  ,on   
the other ,hand1 ,capacities of a lower 
size must be obliged to more of         
,imitation4 ,all their ,usefulness will 
be spoiled by forming too high ,models  
for themselves4 ,if they will be of     
,service1 they must be content to keep  
the beaten ,road4 ,should they attempt  
to soar too high1 they will only meet   
with ,icarus's ,fate4 ,a common ,genius 
will serve many common ,purposes        
exceeding well1 and render a ,man       
conspicuous enough1 tho' there may be no
 distinguishing ,splendor about him to  
dazzle the ,beholders ,eyes4 ,but if he 
attempts any ,thing beyond his          
,strength1 he is sure to lose the       
,lustre which he had1 if he does not    
also weaken his ,capacity1 and impair   
his ,genius into the ,bargain4 ,so just 
in all ,cases is the ,poet's ,advice to 
,writers4        ,sumite ,materiam      

vestris qui scribitis aquam             
,veribus4                               
,horat4       ,weigh well your          
,strength1 and never undertake          
,what is above your ,power4  ,and this  
brings to ,mind another very common     
,occasion of ruining many a good        
,genius2 ,i mean1 wrong ,application4   
,nothing will satisfie ,parents1 but    
their ,children must apply their ,minds 
to one of the learned ,professions1     
when1 instead of consulting the         
,reputation or ,interest of their       
,children1 by such a preposterous       
,choice1 they turn them out to live in  
an ,element no way suited to their      
,nature1 and expose them to ,contempt   
and ,beggary all their ,days2 while at  
the same ,time they spoil an ,head1     
admirably turn'd for ,traffick or       
,mechanicks4 ,and he is left to bring up
 the ,rear in the learned ,profession1  
or it may be lost in the ,crowd1 who    
would have shined in ,trade1 and made a 
prime ,figure upon the ,exchange4 ,many 

have by this ,means run their ,heads    
against a ,pulpit1 7as a ,satyrical     
,genius once expressed it7 who would    
have made admirable ,ploughmen4  ,there 
is a different ,taste in ,men1 as to the
 learned ,professions themselves1 which 
qualities and disposes them for the one1
 but would never make them appear with  
any ,lustre in another4 ,this has been  
often made evident in the different     
,figures1 which some1 who lived in      
,obscurity before1 have made upon a     
lucky ,incident that led them out of the
 mistaken ,track into which they were   
first put4 ,where ,providence does not  
relieve a ,genius from this ,error in   
setting out1 the ,man must be kept under
 the ,hatches all his ,days4  ,there are
 very different ,manners of ,writing1   
and each of them just and agreeable in  
their ,kind1 when ,nature is followed1  
and a ,man endeavours ,perfection in    
that ,style and ,manner which suits his 
own ,humour and ,abilities4 ,some       
please1 and indeed excel in a           

,mediocrity1 ,lwho quite lose themselves
 if they attempt the ,sublime4 ,some    
succeed to a wonder in the ,account of  
all ,readers whilst they confine        
themselves to close ,reasoning2 who1 if 
they are so ill advise'd1 as to meddle  
with ,wit2 only make themselves the     
,jest4 ,m,that is easy and agreeable    
which is natural2 what is forc'd1 will  
appear distorted and give ,disgust4     
,l ,dum vitat humum1 nubes et inania    
captet4 ,horat4    ,m ,ingenio1 sicut in
 ,agro1 quanquam alia diu ,serantur     
atque elaborentur1 gratiora tamen quae  
su sponte nascuntur4        ,tacit4 de  
,orator1 c4 #f4  ,it is of fatal        
,consequence to a good ,genius to grasp 
at too much4 ,a certain ,magistrate     
7says ,bruyere7 arriving1 by his ,merit1
 to the first ,dignities of the ,gown1  
thought himself qualified for every     
,thing4 ,he printed a ,treatise of      
,morality1 and published himself a      
,coxcomb4 ,universal ,genij and         
universal ,scholars are generally       

excellent at nothing4 ,he is certainly  
the wisest ,man1 who endeavours to be   
perfectly furnished for some ,business1 
and regards other ,matters as no more   
than his ,amusement4  ,a ,genius being  
thus observed1 humoured and cultivated1 
is to be kept in ,heart1 and upon proper
 ,occasions to be exerted4 ,without     
this1 it may sink and be lost4 ,all     
,habits are weakened by ,disuse4 ,and   
,men who are furnished with a ,genius1  
for publick ,usefulness1 should put     
themselves forward2 ,i mean1 with due   
,modesty and ,prudence1 and not suffer  
their ,talents to be hid1 when a fair   
,opportunity offers to do ,service with 
them4 ,indeed it is too common an       
,unhappiness for ,men to be so placed1  
as to have no ,opportunity and          
,advantage for shewing their ,genius4   
,as ,matters are generally managed in   
the ,world1 ,men are for the most part  
staked down to such ,business1 in such  
,alliances1 or in such ,circumstances1  
that they have no proper ,occasions of  

exerting themselves2 but instead of     
that1 are continually tugging and       
striving with things that are cross and 
ungrateful to them4 ,and that must be a 
strong ,mind indeed1 that shall break   
through the ,censures and ,opposition of
 the ,world1 and dare to quit a         
,station1 for which a ,man has been     
brought up1 and in which he has acted   
for some ,time1 that he may get into    
another ,sphere1 where he sees he can   
act according to the ,impulses of his   
,genius4 ,tho' such as have had the     
,courage and ,skill to follow those     
,impulses1 till they have gain'd the    
,stations which suited their ,taste and 
,inclination1 have seldom fail'd of     
appearing considerable4 ,but            
,multitudes1 by this ,situation of      
,affairs1 have been forc'd1 in a manner1
 to stifle a ,genius1 because they could
 have no fair ,opportunity of exerting  
it4  ,a crazy ,constitution1 and a ,body
 liable to continual ,disorders1 call   
off the ,attention of many a great      

,mind1 from what might otherwise procure
 very great ,reputation and ,regard4    
,their ,genius no sooner begins a little
 to exert itself1 but the ,spirits flag1
 and one unhappy ,ail or other1         
enfeebles and discourages the ,mind4    
,lust and ,wine mightily obstruct all   
,attempts that require ,application2 and
 will neither allow a ,man duly to      
furnish his ,mind1 nor rightly to use   
that ,furniture he has4 ,an ,intrigue or
 a ,bottle may sometimes give an        
,opportunity for a ,man to shew his     
,genius1 but will utterly spoil all     
regular and reputable ,exertings of it4 
,he who would put forth his ,genius to  
the ,advantage of ,himself or the       
,world1 should give into no ,pleasures  
that will enervate or dissolve his      
,mind4 ,he must keep it bent for        
,business1 or he will bring all         
,business to nothing4  ,conceit and     
,affectation on one hand1 and           
,peevishness and ,perverseness of       
,temper on the other1 will lay the best 

,genius under great ,disadvantages1 and 
raise such ,dislike and ,opposition1 as 
will bear it down in spite of all its   
,force and ,furniture4 ,a graceful      
,mixture of ,boldness and ,modesty1 with
 a ,smoothness and ,benignity of        
,temper1 will much better make a ,man's 
,way into the ,world1 and procure him   
the ,opportunity of exerting his        
,genius4  ,but there is nothing lies as 
an heavier ,weight upon a ,man1 or      
hinders ,him more from shewing ,himself 
to ,advantage1 and employing his great  
,abilities for the ,service of ,others2 
than the ,quarrels and ,contentions of  
,parties4 ,many have their ,talents     
imprison'd1 by being of the hated and   
sinking ,side4 ,their ,light is wholly  
smother'd and suppress'd1 that it may   
not shine out with a ,lustre on the     
,party to which they belong1 whether it 
be in ,politicks or ,religion4 ,and all 
,struggles of a ,genius are vain1 when a
 ,man is born down at once by ,clamour  
and ,power4  ,this is very discouraging 

to a ,man who has taken much ,pains in  
cultivating his ,genius2 and many have1 
without doubt1 been tempted wholly to   
neglect themselves1 from the ,dread of  
these ,discouragements4 ,i own this     
,neglect is not to be excused           
altogether1 though it grieves one that  
there should be any ,occasion given for 
it4 ,there is still ,room for ,men to   
follow and improve a ,genius1 and hope  
by it to benefit ,mankind1 and procure  
,regard to ,themselves4 ,and it is hard 
to say1 what ,way of exerting it will   
turn most to ,account4 ,peculiar        
,honours are due to those who appear to 
,advantage in the ,pulpit4 ,numerous    
,applauses and ,preferments attend those
 who acquit themselves well at the ,bar4
 ,there is a great deal of ,renown to   
those who are eminent in the ,senate4   
,there are high ,advantages to such as  
excel in ,counsel and on ,embassies4    
,immortal ,lawrels will crown such as   
are brave1 expert and victorious in     
,arms4 ,there are the ,blessings of     

,wealth and ,plenty to those who manage 
well their ,trades and ,merchandize4    
,the ,names of the skilful ,architect1  
the cunning ,artificer1 the fine1 exact 
and well devising ,painter1 are         
sometimes enrolled in the ,lists of     
,fame4 ,the learned1 experienced and    
successful ,physician1 may become as    
considerable for ,repute and ,estate1 as
 one of any other ,profession4 ,musick  
also may have its ,masters1 who shall be
 had in lasting ,esteem4 ,the ,poets    
,performances may be ,nmore durable than
 ,brass1 and long lived as ,time it     
,self4 ,every ,science may have         
,professors that shall shine in the     
learned ,world4 ,with all the           
,discouragements that may damp a        
,genius1 there is yet a wide ,field for 
it to exert it self1 and ,room to hope  
it will not be in vain4    ,n ,exegi    
monumentum aere perennius               
,regalique situ pyramidum altius1       
,quod non imber edax1 non ,aquilo       
impotens       ,possit diruere aut      

innumerabilis       ,annorum series et  
fuga temporum3                          
,horat  ,i was going to add something of
 exerting one's ,genius as an ,author4  
,but ,i found1 it would fill up too much
 ,room in my ,paper1 should ,i enlarge  
on the several ,ways of ,mens appearing 
considerable4 ,and ,i was so            
apprehensive of the ,reputation1 which  
the ,divine1 the ,historian1 the        
,critick1 the ,philosopher1 and almost  
all the other ,authors1 have above us   
,essay-,writers1 that ,i thought ,i     
should but lessen the ,regards to my own
 ,genius1 should ,i have set to ,view   
the ,advantages of ,others4 ,it will    
sufficiently gratify my ,ambition as an 
,author1 if the ,world will be so good  
natured as to think ,i have handsomely  
excus'd my self2 that ,i am tolerably   
fitted1 in the ,way in ,i am1 to give   
,entertainment to my ,readers1 and do   
them some ,service4         99       99 
99       99       99    ,,finis         
99       99       99       99       99  

,,errata ,transcriber's ,note3 ,not     
readable         99       99       99   
99       99                             
,,the                                   
,,creation4                             
,a                        ,pindaric     
,illustration                           
,,of ,a                                 
,,poem1                                 
,originally written by                  
,,moses1                           ,on  
,that ,,subject4                        
,,with ,a                               
,,preface to ,mr4 ,,pope1               
,,concerning             ,the ,sublimity
 of the ,ancient ,,hebrew ,,poetry1     
and a material and obvious ,defect in   
the ,,english4                          
,,london3   ,printed for ,t4            
,,bickerton1 at the ,crown in           
,pater-noster-,row4                     
,m4 ,,dcc4 ,,xx4                        
,price ,one ,shilling4                  
,,preface to ,,mr4 ,,pope  ,sir1  ,about
 two ,years ago1 upon a slight          

,misapprehension of some ,expressions of
 yours1 which my ,resentment1 or perhaps
 my ,pride1 interpreted to the          
,disadvantage of a ,poetical ,trifle1 ,i
 had then newly publish'd1 ,i suffer'd  
myself to be unreasonably transported1  
so far1 as to inscribe you an angry1 and
 inconsiderate ,preface2 without        
previous ,examination into the ,justness
 of my ,proceeding4 ,i have lately had  
the ,mortification to learn from your   
own ,hand that you were entirely        
guiltless of the fact charg'd upon you2 
so that1 in attempting to retaliate a   
suppos'd ,injury1 ,i have done a real   
,injustice4  ,the only ,thing which an  
honest ,man ought to be more asham'd of 
than his faults1 is a ,reluctance       
against confessing them4 ,i have already
 acknowledg'd mine to yourself3 ,but no 
publick ,guilt is well aton'd1 by a     
private ,satisfaction2 ,i therefore send
 you a ,duplicate of my ,letter1 by way 
of the ,world1 that all1 who remember my
 ,offence1 may also witness my          

,repentance4     ,sir1     ,i am under  
the greatest ,confusion ,i ever felt in 
my ,life1 to    find by your ,letter1   
that ,i have been guilty of a ,crime1   
which    ,i can never forgive ,myself1  
were it for no other ,reason1 than      
that ,you have forgiven it4 ,i might    
have learnt from your    ,writings the  
,extent of your ,soul1 and shou'd have  
concluded it    impossible for the      
,author of those elevated ,sentiments1  
to sink    beneath them in his          
,practice4     ,you are generously      
moderate1 when you mitigate my ,guilt1  
and    miscall it a ,credulity2 'twas a 
passionate1 and most    unjustifiable   
,levity1 and must still have remain'd   
unpardonable1 whatever ,truth might have
 been found in its    mistaken          
,occasion4     ,what stings me most1 in 
my ,reflection on this ,folly1 is1 that 
,i know not how to atone it2 ,i will    
endeavour it1 however2    being always  
asham'd1 when ,i have attempted to      
revenge an    ,injury1 but never more   

proud1 than when ,i have begg'd pardon  
for an ,error4     ,if you needed an    
,inducement to the strengthening your   
,forgiveness1 you might gather it from  
these two    ,considerations2 ,first1   
,the ,crime was almost a ,sin against   
,conviction2 for though not happy enough
 to know you    personally1 your ,mind  
had been my intimate ,acquaintance1 and 
regarded with a kind of partial         
,tenderness1 that made it    little less
 than ,miracle1 that ,i attempted to    
offend you4 ,a    sudden ,warmth1 to    
which1 by ,nature1 ,i am much too       
liable1    transported me to a          
,condition1 ,i shall best describe in   
,shakespear's ,sense1 somewhere or      
other4        ,blind in th' obscuring   
,mist of heedless ,rage1       ,i've    
rashly shot my ,arrows o'er a ,house1   
,and hurt my ,brother4444     ,a ,second
 ,consideration is1 the ,occasion you   
have gather'd to    punish my           
,injustice1 with more than double       
,sharpness1 by your    ,manner of       

receiving it4 ,the ,armour of your ,mind
 is temper'd so    divinely1 that my    
mere ,human ,weapons have not only      
fail'd to    pierce1 but broke to pieces
 in rebounding4 ,you meet ,assaults1    
like some expert ,arabian1 who1         
declining any ,use of his own           
,javelin1 arrests those which come      
against him1 in the ,fierceness    of   
their ,motion1 and overcomes his        
,enemies1 by detaining their    own     
,weapons4 ',tis a noble ,triumph you now
 exercise1 by the    ,superiority of    
your ,nature2 and while ,i see you      
looking down upon    the ,distance of my
 ,frailty1 ,i am forc'd to own a ,glory1
 which ,i    envy you2 and am quite     
asham'd of the poor ,figure ,i am       
making1 in    the bottom of the         
,prospect4 ,i feel1 ,i am sure1         
,remorse1 enough to    satisfy you for  
the ,wrong1 but to express it1 wou'd1 ,i
 think1    exceed even your own ,power4 
,yours1 whose sweet ,songs can rival    
,orpheu's ,strain1       ,and force the 

wondring ,woods to dance again1         
,make moving ,mountains hear your       
pow'rful ,call1       ,and headlong     
,streams hang list'ning in their ,fall4 
,no ,words can be worthy to come after  
these2 ,i will therefore    hasten to   
tell you1 that ,i am1 and will ever be1 
with the    greatest ,truth and         
,respect1                               
,,sir1                                  
,your ,most ,humble1                    
and ,most ,obedient ,servant1           
,a4 ,hill4  ,i have now attempted1 as   
far as ,i am able1 to throw off a       
,weight1 which my ,mind has been uneasy 
under4 ,i cannot say1 in the ,city      
,phrase1 that ,i have balanc'd the      
,account1 but you must admit of         
,composition1 where full ,payment is    
impossible4 ,i shall be so far from     
regretting you the old ,benefit of ,lex 
talionis1 that ,i forgive you heartily1 
beforehand1 for any thing you may       
hereafter think fit to say1 or do1 to my
 ,disadvantage2 nay1 the ,pleasure ,i   

enjoy by reflecting on your good        
,nature1 will degenerate to a ,pain1 if 
one ,accident or other1 in the ,course  
of your ,life1 does not favour me with  
some ,occasion of advancing your        
,interest4  ,having said thus much to   
you1 in your ,quality of a ,good ,man1  
,i will proceed to address you1 in your 
other ,quality1 of a ,great ,poet2 in   
which ,light ,i look up to you with     
extraordinary ,comfort1 as to a new     
,constellation breaking out upon our    
,world1 with equal ,heat1 and           
,brightness1 and cross-spangling1 as it 
were1 the whole ,heaven of ,wit with    
your milky way of ,genius4  ,you cou'd  
never have been born at a ,time1 which  
more wanted the ,influence of your      
,example3 ,all the ,fire you bring with 
you1 and the ,judgment you are          
acquiring1 in the ,course of your       
,journey1 will be put to their full     
stress1 to support and rebuild the      
sinking ,honours of ,poetry4  ,it was a 
,custom1 which prevail'd generally among

 the ,ancients1 to impute ,celestial    
,descent to their ,heroes2 ,the ,vanity1
 methinks1 might have been pardonable1  
and rational1 if apply'd to an ,art2    
since ,arts1 when they are at once      
delightful and profitable1 as you will  
certainly leave ,poetry1 have one real  
,mark of ,divinity1 they become1 in some
 measure1 immortal4 ,and as the oldest1 
and1 ,i think1 the sublimest ,poem in   
the ,world1 is of ,hebrew ,original1 and
 was made immediately after passing the 
,red-,sea1 at a ,time1 when the ,author 
had neither ,leisure1 nor ,possibility1 
to invent a new ,art3 ,it must therefore
 be undeniable1 either that the ,hebrews
 brought ,poetry out of ,egypt1 or that 
,moses receiv'd it from ,god1 by        
immediate ,inspiration4 ,this last1     
being what a ,poet should be fondest of 
believing1 ,i wou'd fain suppose it     
probable1 that ,god1 who was pleas'd to 
instruct ,moses with what ,ceremony he  
wou'd be worship'd1 taught him also a   
,mode of ,thinking1 and expressing      

,thought1 unprophan'd by vulgar ,use1   
and peculiar to that ,worship4 ,god then
 taught ,poetry first to the ,hebrews1  
and the ,hebrews to ,mankind in general4
  ,but1 however this may have been1     
there is1 apparently1 a divine ,spirit1 
glowing forcibly in the ,hebrew ,poetry1
 a kind of terrible ,simplicity2 a      
magnificent ,plainness6 which is        
commonly lost1 in ,paraphrase1 by our   
mistaken ,endeavours after heightening  
the ,sentiments1 by a figurative        
,expression2 ,this is very ill ,judg'd3 
,the little ,ornaments of ,rhetorick    
might serve1 fortunately enough1 to     
swell out the ,leanness of some modern  
,compositions2 but to shadow over the   
,lustre of a divine ,hebrew ,thought1 by
 an ,affectation of enliv'ning it1 is to
 paint upon a ,diamond1 and call it an  
,ornament4  ,it is a surprizing         
,reflection1 that these noble ,hebrew   
,poets shou'd have written with such    
admirable ,vigour three ,thousand ,years
 ago2 and that1 instead of improving1 we

 should affect to despise them2 as if1  
to write smoothly1 and without the      
,spirit of ,imagery1 were the true ,art 
of ,poetry1 because the only ,art we    
practise4 ,it puts me in ,mind of the   
famous ,roman ,lady1 who suppos'd1 that 
,men had1 naturally1 stinking ,breaths1 
because she had been us'd to it1 in her 
,husband4  ,the most obvious ,defect in 
our ,poetry1 and ,i think the greatest  
it is liable to1 is1 that we study      
,form1 and neglect ,matter4 ,we are     
often very flowing1 and under a full    
,sail of ,words1 while we leave our     
,sense fast aground1 as too weighty to  
float on ,frothiness2 ,we run on1 upon  
false ,scents1 like a ,spaniel1 that    
starts away at ,random after a ,stone1  
which is kept back in the ,hand1 though 
,it seem'd to fly before him4 ,to speak 
with ,freedom on this ,subject1 is a    
,task of more ,danger than ,honour2 for 
few ,minds have real ,greatness enough  
to consider a ,detection of their       
,errors1 as a ,warning to their         

,conduct1 and an ,advantage to their    
,fame2 ,but no discerning ,judgment will
 consider it as ill ,nature1 in one     
,writer1 to mark the ,faults of another4
 ,a general ,practice of that ,kind     
wou'd be the highest ,service to poetry4
 ,no ,disease can be cur'd1 till its    
,nature is examin'd2 and the first      
likely ,step towards correcting our     
,errors1 is resolving to learn          
impartially1 that we have ,errors to be 
corrected4  ,i will1 therefore1 with    
much ,freedom1 but no manner of ,malice1
 remark an ,instance or two1 from no    
mean ,writers1 to prove1 that our       
,poetry has been degenerating apace into
 mere ,sound1 or ,harmony2 nor ought    
,this to be consider'd as an invidious  
,attempt1 since whatever ,pains we take1
 about polishing our ,numbers1 where we 
raise not our ,meaning1 are as          
impertinently bestowed1 as the ,labour  
wou'd be1 of setting a broken ,leg after
 the ,soul has left the ,body4 ,the     
,gunners have a ,custom1 when a ,ball is

 too little for the ,bore of their      
,canon1 to wrap ,towe about it1 till it 
fills the ,mouth of the ,piece2 after   
which1 it is discharg'd1 with a         
,thunder1 proportionable to the ,size of
 the ,gun2 ,but its ,execution at the   
,mark1 will immediately discover1 that  
the ,noise of the ,discharge was a great
 deal too big for the ,diameter of the  
,bullet4 ,it is just the same thing with
 an unsinewy ,imagination1 sent abroad  
in sounding ,numbers2 ,the ,loftiness of
 the ,expression will astonish shallow  
,readers into a temporary ,admiration1  
and support it1 for a while2 but the    
,bounce1 however loud1 goes no farther  
than the ,ear2 ,the ,heart remains      
unreach'd by the ,languor of the        
,sentiment4  ,poetry1 the most elevated 
,exertion of human ,wit1 is no more than
 a weak and contemptible ,amusement1    
wanting ,energy of ,thought1 or         
,propriety of ,expression4 ,yet we may  
run into ,error1 by an injudicious      
,affectation of attaining ,perfection1  

as ,men1 who are gazing upward1 when    
they shou'd be looking to their         
,footsteps1 stumble frequently against  
,posts1 while they have the ,sun in     
,contemplation4  ,in attempting1 for    
,example1 to modernize so lofty an ,ode 
as the #ajdth ,psalm1 the ,choice of    
,metaphors shou'd1 methinks1 have been  
considered1 as one of the most          
remarkable ,difficulties4 ,there seems  
to have been a ,necessity1 that they    
shou'd be noble1 as well as natural2 and
 yet1 if too much rais'd1 they wou'd    
endanger an ,extinction of the ,charms1 
which they were design'd to illustrate4 
,that powerful ,imagination of 'the     
,sea1 climbing over the ,mountains      
,tops1 and rushing back1 upon the       
,plains1 at the ,voice of ,god's        
,thunder1' ought certainly to have been 
express'd with as much ,plainness as    
possible3 ,and1 to demonstrate how ill  
the contrary ,measure has succeeded1 one
 need only observe how it looks in ,mr4 
,trapp's ,metaphorical ,refinement4     

,the ,ebbing ,deluge did its ,troops    
recal1        ,drew off its ,forces1 and
 disclos'd the ,ball1        ,they1 at  
th' ,eternal's ,signal march'd away4    
,who does not discern1 in this ,place1  
what an ,injury is done to the original 
,image1 by the military ,metaphor8      
,recalling the ',troops' of a ,deluge1  
',drawing off its ,forces'2 and its     
',marching away1 at a ,signal1' carry   
not only a visible ,impropriety of      
,thought1 but are infinitely below the  
,majesty of ,that ,god1 who is so       
dreadfully represented thundering his   
,commands to the ,ocean2 ,they are      
directly the ,reverse of that terrible  
,confusion1 and overwhelming ,uproar of 
,motion1 which the ,sea1 in the         
,original1 is suppos'd to fall into4    
,the ,march of an ,army is pleasing1    
orderly1 slow2 ,the ,inundation of a    
,sea1 from the ,tops of the ,mountains1 
frightful1 wild and tumultuous2 ,every  
,justness and ,grace of the original    
,conception is destroyed by the         

,metaphor4  ,in the same ,psalm1 the    
,hebrew ,poet describing ,god1 says1    
'4444,he maketh the ,clouds his         
,chariots1 and walketh on the ,wings of 
the ,wind4' ,making the ',clouds his    
,chariots1' is a strong and lively      
,thought2 ,but ,that of 'walking on the 
,wings of the ,wind1' is a ,sublimity1  
that frightens1 astonishes1 and ravishes
 the ,mind of a ,reader1 who conceives  
it1 as he shou'd do4 ,the ,judgement of 
the ,poet in this ,place1 is discernable
 in three different ,particulars2 ,the  
,thought is in itself highly noble1 and 
elevated2 ,to move at all upon the      
,wind1 carries with it an ,image of much
 ,majesty and ,terror2 ,but this natural
 ,grandeur he first encreas'd by the    
,word ',wings1' which represents the    
,motion1 as not only on the ,winds1 but 
on the ,winds in their utmost ,violence1
 and ,rapidity of ,agitation4 ,but then 
at last1 comes that finishing           
,sublimity1 which attends the ,word     
'walks'6 ,the ,poet is not satisfied to 

represent ,god1 as riding on the ,winds2
 nor even as riding on them in a        
,tempest2 ,he therefore tells us1 that  
,he walks on their ,wings2 that so our  
,idea might be heighten'd to the utmost1
 by reflecting on this calm1 and easy   
,motion of the ,deity1 upon a ,violence1
 so rapid1 so furious1 and ungovernable1
 to our human ,conception4 ,yet as      
nothing can be more sublime1 so nothing 
can be more simple1 and plain1 than this
 noble ,imagination4 ,but ,mr4 ,trapp1  
not contented to express1 attempts      
unhappily to adorn this inimitable      
,beauty1 in the following ,manner4      
,who1 borne in ,triumph o'er the        
,heavenly ,plains1        ,rides on the 
,clouds1 and holds a ,storm in ,reins1  
,flies on the ,wings of the sonorous    
,wind1 c4  ,here his imperfect1 and     
diminishing ,metaphor1 of the ',rains1' 
has quite ruin'd the ,image2 ,what      
rational1 much less noble ,idea1 can any
 ,man conceive of a ,wind in a ,bridle8 
,the unlucky ,word ',plains' too1 is a  

downright ,contradiction to the ,meaning
 of the ,passage4 ,what wider           
,difference in ,nature1 than between    
driving a ,chariot over a ,plain1 and   
moving enthron'd1 amidst ,that rolling1 
and terrible ,perplexity of ,motions1   
which we figure to our ,imagination1    
from a ',chariot of ,clouds'8 ,but the  
mistaken ,embellishment of the ,word    
'flies1' in the last ,verse1 is an      
,error almost unpardonable2 ,instead of 
improving the ,conception1 it has made  
it trifling1 and contemptible1 and      
utterly destroy'd the very ,soul of its 
,energy6 'flies' on the ,wind6 ,what an 
,image is ,that1 to express the ,majesty
 of ,god8 ,to 'walk' on the ,wind is    
astonishing1 and horrible2 ,but to 'fly'
 on the ,wind1 is the ,employment of a  
,bat1 of an ,owl1 of a ,feather6 ,mr4   
,trapp is1 ,i believe1 a ,gentleman of  
so much ,candour1 and so true a ,friend 
to the ,interest of the ,art he         
professes1 that there will be no        
,occasion to ask his pardon1 for        

dragging a ,criminal ,metaphor1 or two1 
out of the ,immunity of his ,protection4
  ,mr4 ,philips has lately been told in 
,print1 by one of our best ,criticks1   
that he has excell'd all the ,ancients1 
in his ,pastoral ,writings2 ,he will1   
therefore1 be apt to wonder1 that ,i    
take the ,liberty to say1 in downright  
,respect to ,truth1 and the ,justice due
 to ,poetry1 that ,i have not only seen 
modern pastorals1 much better than ,his1
 but that his appear1 to me1 neither    
natural1 nor equal4 ,one might extend   
this ,remark to the very ,names of his  
,shepherds2 ,lobbin1 ,hobbinol1 and     
,cuddy are nothing of a ,piece1 with    
,lanquet1 ,mico1 and ,argol2 nor do his 
,personages agree better with           
themselves1 than their ,names with one  
another4 ,mico1 for ,example1 at the    
first ,sight we have of him1 is a very  
polite ,speaker1 and as metaphorical as 
,mr4 ,trapp4        ,this ,place may    
seem for ,shepherds ,leisure made1      
,so lovingly these ,elms unite their    

,shade6        ,th'ambitious ,woodbine6 
how it climbs1 to breathe        ,its   
balmy ,sweets around1 on all beneath6   
,but1 alas6 this ,fit of ,eloquence1    
like most other ,blessings1 is of very  
short ,continuance2 ,it holds him but   
,just one ,speech3 ,in the beginning of 
the next1 he is as very a ,rustick1 as  
,colin ,clout1 and has forgot all his   
,breeding4        ,no ,skill of ,musick 
can ,i1 simple ,swain1        ,no fine  
,device1 thine ,ear to entertain2       
,albeit some deal ,i pipe1 rude though  
it be1        ,sufficient to divert my1 
,sheep1 and ,me4  ,there is no          
,transformation ,in ,ovid more sudden1  
or surprizing2 ,he has ,reason indeed to
 say1 that1 when he pipes some deal1 his
 ',sheep' are 'diverted' with him4 ,his 
,readers1 ,i am afraid too1 are as merry
 as his ,sheep2 ,if he was but as       
skilful in ,change of ,time1 as he is in
 ,change of ,dialect1 commend me to him 
for a ,musician6 ,the pied ,piper1 who  
drew all the ,rats of a ,city out1 after

 his ,melody1 came not near him for     
,variety4  ,if the late excellent ,mr4  
,addison1 whose ,verses abound in       
,graces1 which can never be too much    
admir'd1 shall be1 often1 found liable  
to an ,overflow of his ,meaning1 by this
 ,dropsical ,wordiness1 which we so     
generally give into1 it will serve at   
the same time1 as a ,comfort1 and a     
,warning2 and incline us to a severe    
,examination of our ,writings1 when we  
venture out upon a ,world1 that will1   
one time or other1 be sure to censure us
 impartially2 ,in ,that ,gentleman's    
,works1 whoever looks close1 will       
discover ,thorns on every ,branch of his
 ,roses2 ,for ,example1 we all hear1    
with ,delight1 in his celebrated ,letter
 from ,italy1 that1 there1        444   
,the ,muse so oft her ,harp has strung1 
,that not a ,mountain rears its ,head   
unsung4  ,but1 he adds1 in the very next
 ,line1 that every shady ,thicket too1  
grows renown'd in ,verse2 now one can   
never help remembering1 that ,thickets  

are ,births1 as it were of ,yesterday2  
the mere ,infancy of ,woods6 and that   
the oldest ,woods in ,italy may be      
growing on ,foundations of ruin'd       
,cities1 which flourish'd in the ,times 
he there speaks of2 whence it must      
naturally be inferr'd1 that to say1 the 
,italian ,thickets grow renown'd in     
,roman ,verse1 though the ,mountains    
really do so1 is to make ,use of ,words1
 without ,regard to their ,meaning2 ,a  
,lapse of dangerous ,consequence1       
because1 when the ,understanding is once
 shock'd1 this most rapturous ,elevation
 of the ,mind 7as when cold ,water is   
thrown suddenly upon boiling7 sinks at  
once to chilling ,flatness1 and is      
considered as mere ,gingle and childish 
,amusement4  ,no ,man1 ,i believe1 has  
read without ,pleasure1 his fine and    
lively ,descriptions of the ,nar1       
,clitumnus1 ,mincio1 and ,albula1 but   
the worst of it is1 he winds us so long1
 in and out1 between these ,rivers1 that
 he loses himself in their ,maeanders1  

and brings us1 at last1 to a strange    
,stream indeed1 which is 'immortaliz'd  
in ,song1' and yet 'lost ,in ,oblivion4'
        ,i look for ,streams1           
immortaliz'd1 in ,song1        ,which   
lost1 and buried in ,oblivion lie4  ,the
 ,thought1 in this ,place1 is very      
lively and just1 but quite obscur'd by  
the ,redundancy and ,wantonness of the  
,expression4 ,had he only said 'lost1'  
and 'buried1' ,it might have been urg'd1
 that the ,rivers were dry'd up1 and no 
longer to be found1 in their old        
,channels4 ,but1 let them be lost1 as to
 ,existence1 as certainly as he will1   
they can never be lost in ',oblivion1'  
if they are 'immortaliz'd' in ,poetry4  
',immortal' is a favourite ,word in this
 ,gentleman's ,writings1 and leads him1 
as most ,favourites are apt to do1 into 
very frequent ,errors4  ,it is naturally
 unpleasant1 to be detain'd too long in 
the ,maziness of one tedious ,thought1  
express'd many ,ways successively4 ,when
 we read that the ',tiber is destitute  

of ,strength1' what else can we         
conclude1 but that its ,stream is a weak
 one8 ,but we are oblig'd to hear1 also1
 that it 'derives its ,source from an   
unthrifty ,urn'3 ,well1 now1 may we go  
on8 ,no2 its ',urn' is not only         
'unthrifty1' but its ',source' is       
unfruitful4 ,by this time1 one can      
scarce help1 enquiring1 what new        
,meaning is convey'd to the             
,apprehension1 by the ,multiplication of
 the ,phrases8 ,and not finding any1 we 
have no ,reflection to satisfy ourselves
 with1 but1 that the strongest ,flow of 
,fancy1 is most subject to ,whirlpools4 
,it is from the same unweigh'd          
,redundancy1 and ,misapplication of     
,words1 that we so often find this      
excellent ,writer falling into the      
,anticlimax4 ,as where1 for ,example1 he
 informs us of ,liberty1 that she is a  
,goddess1        ,profuse of ,bliss1 and
 pregnant with ,delight1        ,eternal
 ,pleasures1 in her ,presence reign4    
,after ',profusion of ,bliss1' that is  

to say1 the heap'd ,enjoyment of all    
,blessings to be wish'd for2 how does it
 cool the ,imagination1 to read of being
 'pregnant with ,delight'8 ,had she been
 brought to ,bed of ',delight1' it had  
been but a poor ,delivery3 ,for what    
imports ',delight1' in ,comparison with 
',bliss'8 ,and how much less too is     
pregnant with ,delight1' than ',delight'
 in ,possession6 ,but then again1 after 
both these1 what cou'd the ,author hope 
to teach us1 by adding1 that ',pleasure 
reigns in her ,presence4' ,can there be 
',bliss' without ',delight'8 ,was there 
ever ',delight' without ',pleasure'8 ,it
 shou'd gradually have ascended thus1   
,pleasure1 ,delight1 ,bliss2 ,but to    
turn it the direct contrary ,way1       
,bliss1 ,delight1 ,pleasure1 is setting 
a poor ,meaning upon its ,head1 and the 
same thing as to say1 ,mr4 ,addison writ
 incomparably1 finely1 nay1 and         
tolerably4 ,a ,praise1 which1 ,i dare   
say1 he wou'd have given no ,body       
,thanks for4 ,one wou'd think there were

 a kind of ,fatality in ,liberty1 since 
scarce any ,body can meddle either with 
the ,word or the ,thing1 but they turn  
all topsey turvey4  ,but ,i am sliding  
insensibly into a ,theme1 that requires 
rather a ,volume1 than a ,page or two2  
,i hasten therefore to present you a    
,paraphrase on the ,six ,days ,work of  
the ,creator1 as described to us by     
,moses1 in the ,first ,chapter of       
,genesis1 which1 you know1 was written1 
originally1 in ,verse4 ,it wou'd be     
difficult1 ,i am sure1 to match the     
,greatness of that inspired ,author's   
,images1 out of all the noble ,writings1
 which have honour'd ,antiquity2 and    
whose most remarkable ,excellencies have
 been found1 in those ,parts of their   
,works1 which they elevated1 and made   
more solemn1 by a ,mixture of their     
,religion4 ,our ,poetry1 in so able a   
,hand as ,yours1 might receive heavenly 
,advantages1 from a ,practice of like   
,nature4 ,but ,i am of ,opinion1 that no
 ,english ,verse1 except that1 which we1

 ,i think a little improperly1 call     
,pindaric1 can allow the necessary      
,scope1 to so masterless a ,subject1 as 
the ,creation1 of all others the most   
copious1 and illustrious2 and which     
ought to be touch'd with most           
,discretion1 and ,choice of             
,circumstances4  ,mr4 ,milton1 ,mr4     
,cowley1 ,sir ,richard ,blackmore1 and  
now1 lately1 a young ,gentleman1 of a   
very lively ,genius1 have severally     
tried their ,strength in this celestial 
,bow2 ,sir ,richard may be said indeed  
to have shot farthest1 but too often    
beside the ,mark2 ,he will permit me the
 ,liberty of owning my ,opinion1 that he
 is too minute1 and particular1 and     
rather labours to oppress us with every 
,image he cou'd raise1 than to refresh  
and enliven us1 with the noblest1 and   
most differing4 ,he is also too         
unmindful of the ,dignity of his        
,subject1 and diminishes it by mean1 and
 contemptible ,metaphors4 ,speaking of  
the ,skies1 he says they were           

,spun thin1 and wove1 on ,nature's      
finest ,loom4  ,longinus is very angry  
with ,timaeus for saying of ,alexander1 
that he conquer'd all ,asia1 in less    
,time than ,isocrates took to write his 
,panegyric1 ,because1 says the ,critick1
 it is a pitiful ,comparison of         
,alexander the ,great with a            
,schoolmaster4 ,what then wou'd he have 
said of ,sir ,richard's ,metaphorical   
,comparison of the ,,creator ,himself1  
to a ,spinster1 and a ,weaver8 ,the very
 ,beasts of ,mr4 ,milton1 who kept      
,moses in his ,eye1 carry ,infinitely   
more ,majesty1 than the ,skies of ,sir  
,richard4        ,the ,grassy ,clods now
 calv'd2 and half appear'd       ,the   
tawny ,lyon1 pawing to get free         
,his hinder ,parts2 then springs1 as    
broke from ,bonds1       ,and1 rampant1 
shakes aloft1 his brinded ,main6        
,the heaving ,leopard1 rising1 like the 
,mole1       ,in ,heaps the crumbling   
,earth about him threw6  ,these animated
 ,images1 or pictured ,meanings of      

,poetry1 are the forcible ,inspirers1   
which enflame a ,reader's ,will1 and    
bind down his ,attention4 ,they arise   
from living ,words1 as ,aristotle calls 
them2 that is1 from ,words so finely    
chosen1 and so ,justly ranged1 that they
 call up before a ,reader the ,spirit of
 their ,sense1 in that very ,form1 and  
,action1 it impressed upon the ,writer4 
,but when the ,idea1 which a ,poet      
strives to raise1 is in itself          
magnificent and striking1 the ,dawb of  
,metaphor1 or any spumy ,colourings of  
,rhetoric can but deaden1 and efface it4
  ,if ,sir ,richard had said1 concerning
 the ,skies1 on any other ,subject but  
,this1 of the ,creation1 that they were 
'spun thin1 and wove1 on ,nature's      
finest ,loom1' the ,thought had been so 
far from ,impropriety1 as to have been  
pleasing1 and praise-worthy2 ,but when  
the ,image he wou'd set before us1 is   
the ,maker of ,heaven and ,earth1 in all
 the dreadful ,majesty of his           
,omnipotence1 producing at a ,word1 the 

noblest ,part of the ,creation1 and     
'spreading out the ,heavens as a        
,curtain'2 ,in this tremendous ,exercise
 of his ,divinity1 to compare him to a  
,weaver1 and his ,expansion of the      
,skies1 to the low ,mechanism of a      
',loom1' is injudiciously to diminish an
 ,idea1 he pretends to heighten and     
illustrate4  ,i will end with a ,word or
 two concerning the different ,measure  
of the ,verse1 in which the following   
,poem is written2 and which is apt to   
disgust ,readers1 not well grounded in  
,poetry1 because it requires a fuller   
,degree of ,attention than the ,couplet1
 and1 as ,mr4 ,cowley has said of it1   
444 ,will no unskilful ,touch endure1   
,but flings ,writer and ,reader too1    
that sits not sure4  ,i have1 in another
 ,place1 endeavoured by ,arguments to   
demonstrate the ,preference of this     
,kind of ,verse to any other2 ,i will   
here observe only1 from my ,experience  
of other ,writers1 that it wins1        
insinuates1 and grows insensibly upon   

the ,relish of a ,reader1 till the      
little seeming ,harshness1 which is     
supposed to be in it1 softens gradually 
away1 and leaves a vigorous ,impression 
behind it1 of mixed ,majesty and        
,sweetness4  ,a ,man1 who is just       
beginning to try his ,ear in ,pindaric1 
may be compared to a new ,scater2 ,he   
totters strangely at first1 and staggers
 backward and forward2 ,every ,stick1 or
 frozen ,stone in his ,way1 is a ,rub   
that he falls at4 ,but when many        
repeated ,trials have embolden'd him to 
strike out1 and taught the true ,poize  
of ,motion1 he throws forward his ,body 
with a dextrous ,velocity1 and becoming 
ravish'd with the masterly ,sweep of his
 ,windings1 knows no ,pleasure greater1 
than to feel himself fly through that   
well-measured ,maziness1 which he first 
attempted with ,perplexity4 ,but ,i will
 detain you no longer1 and hasten now to
 the ,poem1 which has given me this     
pleasing ,opportunity of telling you how
 much ,i am1                            

,sir1                                   
,your ,most ,humble                     
and ,obedient ,servant1                 
,a4 ,,hill                              
,,the ,,augustan ,,reprint ,,society    
,,announces ,,its                       
,publications for the ,third            
,year7#aidh-aidi7        ,at least two  
items will be printed from each of the  
three following groups3  ,series ,,iv3  
,men1 ,manners1 and ,critics            
,sir ,john ,falstaff 7pseud471 ,the     
,theatre 7#agbj74             ,aaron    
,hill1 ,preface to ,the ,creation2 and  
,thomas            ,brereton1 ,preface  
to ,esther4             ,ned ,ward1     
,selected ,tracts4  ,series ,v3 ,drama  
,edward ,moore1 ,the ,gamester 7#agec74 
,nevil ,payne1 ,fatal ,jealousy 7#afgc74
             ,mrs4 ,centlivre1 ,the     
,busie ,body 7#agji74                   
,charles ,macklin1 ,man of the ,world   
7#agha74  ,series ,,vi3 ,poetry and     
,language             ,john ,oldmixon1  
,reflections on ,dr4 ,swift's ,letter to

            ,harley 7#agab72 and        
,arthur ,mainwaring1 ,the ,british      
,academy 7#agab74             ,pierre   
,nicole1 ,de ,epigrammate4              
,andre ,dacier1 ,essay on ,lyric        
,poetry4   ,issues will appear1 as      
usual1 in ,may1 ,july1 ,september1      
,november1  ,january1 and ,march4 ,in   
spite of rising costs1 membership fees  
will be kept at the present annual rate 
of #b4ej in the ,united  ,states and    
,canada2 #b4ge in ,great ,britain and   
the continent4  ,british and continental
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,blackwell1 ,broad ,street1 ,oxford1    
,england4 ,american and ,canadian       
subscriptions may be sent to any one of 
the ,general ,editors4   ,,to ,,the1    
,,augustan ,,reprint ,,society3  ,i     
enclose the membership fee for          
the third year                          
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year                                    
the first1 second1 and                  
third year  ,,name4444  ,,address4444   

,,note3 ,all income received by the     
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 printing and mailing4                  
,,the ,,augustan ,,reprint ,,society    
,,makes ,,available                     
,inexpensive ,reprints of ,rare         
,materials                              
,,from                      ,,english   
,,literature ,,of ,,the                 
,,seventeenth ,,and ,,eighteenth        
,,centuries  ,students1 scholars1 and   
bibliographers of literature1 history1  
and philology will find the publications
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,letter has said of them3 ,excellent    
facsimiles1 and cheap in price1 these   
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scientific reproduction4 ,be sure to    
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 annual membership fee4  ,during the    
first two years the publications are    
issued in three series3 ,i4 ,essays on  
,wit2 ,,ii4 ,essays on ,poetry and      
,language2 and ,,iii4 ,essays on the    
,stage4                  ,,publications 
,,for ,,the ,,first ,,year 7#aidf-aidg7 
,,may1 #aidf3 ,series ,i1 ,no4          
#a--,richard ,blackmore's ,essay upon   
,wit 7#agaf71 and ,addison's ,freeholder
 ,no4 #de              7#agaf74  ,,july1
 #aidf3 ,series ,,ii1 ,no4 #a--,samuel  
,cobb's ,of ,poetry and                 

,discourse on ,criticism 7#agjg74       
,,sept41 #aidf3 ,series ,,iii1 ,no4     
#a--;,anon41 ,letter to ,a4,h4 ,esq42   
concerning the ,stage 7#afih71 and      
,richard ,willis'                       
,occasional ,paper ,no4 ,,ix 7#afih74   
,nov41 #aidf3 ,series ,i1 ,no4          
#b--;,anon41 ,essay on ,wit 7#agdh71    
together with ,characters by ,flecknoe1 
and ,joseph              ,warton's      
,adventurer ,nos4 #abg and #acc4        
,,jan41 #aidg3 ,series ,,ii1 ,no4       
#b--,samuel ,wesley's ,epistle to a     
,friend ,concerning ,poetry 7#agjj7 and 
,essay on              ,heroic ,poetry  
7#afic74  ,,march1 #aidg3 ,series ,,iii1
 ,no4 #b--;,anon41 ,representation of   
the              ,impiety and           
,immorality of the ,stage 7#agjd7 and   
anon41 ,some ,thoughts ,concerning the  
,stage 7#agjd74                         
,,publications ,,for ,,the ,,second     
,,year 7#aidg-aidh7  ,,may1 #aidg3      
,series ,i1 ,no4 #c--;,john ,gay's ,the 
,present ,state of              ,wit2   

and a section on ,wit from ,the ,english
              ,theophrastus4 ,with an   
,introduction by ,donald ,bond4  ,,july1
 #aidg3 ,series ,,ii1 ,no4 #c--,rapin's 
,de ,carmine ,pastorali1                
translated by ,creech4 ,with an         
,introduction by              ,j4,e4    
,congleton4  ,,sept41 #aidg3 ,series    
,,iii1 ,no4 #c--,t4 ,hanmer's 787 ,some 
,remarks on              the ,tragedy of
 ,hamlet4 ,with an ,introduction by     
,clarence ,d4 ,thorpe4  ,nov41 #aidg3   
,series ,i1 ,no4 #d--;,corbyn ,morris'  
,essay towards ,fixing              the 
,true ,standards of ,wit1 etc4 ,with an 
,introduction              by ,james ,l4
 ,clifford4  ,,jan41 #aidh3 ,series     
,,ii1 ,no4 #d--,thomas ,purney's        
,discourse on the                       
,pastoral4 ,with an ,introduction by    
,earl ,wasserman4  ,,march1 #aidh3      
,series ,,iii1 ,no4 #d--;,essays on the 
,stage1 selected1              with an  
,introduction by ,joseph ,wood ,krutch4 
,the list of publications is subject to 

modification in response to requests by 
members4 ,from time to time             
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 in the issues4 ,each issue contains an 
,introduction by a scholar of special   
competence in the field represented4    
,the ,augustan ,reprints are available  
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,,richard ,c4 ,,boys1 ,university of    
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,university of ,california1 ,los        
,angeles                                
,,advisory ,,editors            ,,emmett
 ,l4 ,,avert1 ,state ,college of        
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,nebraska              ,,cleanth        
,,brooks1 ,louisiana ,state ,university 
,,james ,l4 ,,clifford1 ,columbia       
,university               ,,arthur      

,,friedman1 ,university of ,chicago     
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