file which includes the original        
illustrations4       ,see #aehjg-;h4htm 
or #aehjg-;h4zip3                       
7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/dirs_/#a_/
e_/h_/j_/aehjg_/aehjg-;h_/#aehjg-;h4htm7
       or                               
7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/dirs_/#a_/
e_/h_/j_/aehjg_/aehjg-;h4zip7           
,,among ,,the ,,forces    ,thou madest  
him to have dominion over the works of  
,,thy hands4--,psalm viii1 #f  by       
,,henry ,,white ,,warren1 ,,ll4,d4  ,one
 of the ,bishops of the ,methodist      
,episcopal ,church ,author of           
,recreations in ,astronomy1 ,the ,bible 
in the ,world's ,education1 etc4  ,new  
,york3 ,eaton  ,mains ,cincinnati3      
,curts  ,jennings  #ahih                
,frontispiece3 ,old ,faithful ,geyser4  
,e4 ,i4 ,w4  ,eximia ,inter ,vires4     
,,contents    ,why ,written   ,the ,man 
,who ,needed #deb1fif ,barrels of ,water
   ,the ,sun's ,great ,horses   ,old    
,sun ,help   ,moon ,help   ,more ,moon  
,help   ,star ,help   ,help from        

,insensible ,seas   ,the ,fairy         
,gravitation   ,more ,gravitation   ,the
 ,fairy ,pulls ,great ,loads   ,the     
,fairy ,draws ,greater ,loads   ,the    
,fairy ,works a ,pump ,handle   ,the    
,help of ,inertia   ,one ,plant ,help   
,gas ,help   ,natural ,affection of     
,metals   ,natural ,affection ,between  
,metal and ,liquid   ,natural ,affection
 of ,metal and ,gas   ,hint ,help       
,creations ,now in ,progress   ,some    
,curious ,behaviors of ,atoms           
,mobility of ,seeming ,solids   ,the    
,next ,world to ,conquer   ,our         
,enjoyment of ,nature's ,forces   ,the  
,matterhorn   ,the ,grand ,canon of the 
,colorado ,river4   ,the ,yellowstone   
,park ,geysers   ,sea ,sculpture   ,the 
,power of ,vegetable ,life   ,spiritual 
,dynamics   ,when ,this ,world is ,not  
,,list ,,of ,,illustrations    ,old     
,faithful ,geyser 4 4 4 4 ,frontispiece 
,breaking ,waves   ,incline at ,mauch   
,chunk   ,the ,head of the ,toboggan    
,slide4   ,the ,big ,trees   ,the       

,matterhorn   ,the ,punch ,bowl1        
,yellowstone ,geysers4   ,formation of  
the ,grotto ,geyser   ,bee-,hive ,geyser
   ,pulpit ,terrace and ,bunsen ,peak   
,the ,breakers1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,cal4     
,the ,work and the ,worker1 ,santa      
,cruz1 ,cal4   ,yellow ,chili ,squash in
 ,harness   ,squash ,grown ,under       
,pressure   ,a ,natural ,bridge1 ,santa 
,cruz1 ,cal4   ,an ,excavated ,arch1    
,santa ,cruz1 ,cal   ,a ,double ,natural
 ,arch1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,cal4   ,a ,triple
 ,natural ,arch1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,cal4    
,remains of a ,quadruple ,natural ,arch 
,arch ,remains1 ,side ,wall ,broken     
,,among ,,the ,,forces   ,,why ,,written
  ,fairies1 fays1 genii1 sprites1 etc41 
were once supposed to be helpful to some
 favored men4  ,the stories about these 
imaginary beings have always had a      
fascinating interest4  ,the most famous 
of these stories were told at ,bagdad in
 the eleventh century1 and were called  
,the ,arabian ,nights' ,entertainment4  
,then men were said to use all sorts of 

obedient powers1 sorceries1 tricks1 and 
genii to aid them in getting wealth1    
fame1 and beautiful brides4  ,but ,i    
find the realities of to-day far        
greater1 more useful and interesting1   
than the imaginations of the past4  ,the
 powers at work about us are far more   
kindly and powerful than the ,slave of  
the ,ring or of the ,lamp4  ,the object 
of writing this series of papers about  
applications of powers to the service of
 man1 their designed king1 is manifold4 
,i desire all my readers to see what    
marvelous provision the ,father has made
 for his children in this their nursery 
and schoolhouse4  ,he has always been   
trying to crowd on men more helps and   
blessings than they were willing to     
take4  ,from the first mist that went up
 from the ,garden the power of steam has
 been in every drop of water4  ,yet men 
carried their burdens4  ,since the first
 storm the swiftness and power of       
lightning have been trying to startle   
man into seeing that in it were speed   

and force to carry his thought and      
himself4  ,but man still plodded and    
groaned under loads that might have been
 lifted by physical forces4  ,i have    
seen in many lands men bringing to their
 houses water from the hills in heavy   
stone jars4  ,gravitation was meant to  
do that work1 and to make it leap and   
laugh with pearly spray in every woman's
 kitchen4  ,the good ,father has offered
 his all-power on all occasions to all  
men4  ,i desire that the works of ,god  
should keep their designed relation to  
thought4  ,he says1 ,consider the       
lilies2 look into the heavens2 number   
the stars2 go to the ant2 be wise2 ask  
the beasts1 the fowl1 the fishes2 or    
talk even to the earth1 and it showeth  
thee4  ,every flower and star1 rainbow  
and insect1 was meant to be so          
provocative of thought that any man who 
never saw a human book might be largely 
educated4  ,and every one of these      
thoughts is related to man's best       
prosperity and joy4  ,he is a most regal

 king if he achieve the designed        
dominion over a thousand powerful       
servitors4  ,it is well to see that     
,god's present actual powers in full    
play about us are vastly beyond all the 
dreams of ,arabian imagination4  ,it    
leads us to expect greater things of him
 hereafter4  ,that human imagination    
could so dream is proof of the greatness
 of its ,creator4  ,but that he has     
actually surpassed those dreams is      
prophecy of more greatness to come4  ,i 
desire that my readers of this          
generation shall be the great thinkers  
and inventors of the next4  ,there are  
amazing powers just waiting to be       
revealed4  ,draw aside the curtain4  ,we
 have not yet learned the ,a ,b ,c of   
science4  ,we have not yet grasped the  
scepters of provided dominion4 ,those   
who are most in the image and likeness  
of the ,cause of these forces are most  
likely to do it4     ,,the ,,man ,,who  
,,needed #deb1fif ,,barrels ,,of ,,water
  ,a man once had a large field of      

wheat4  ,he had toiled hard to clear the
 land1 plow the soil1 and sow the seed4 
,the crop grew beautifully and was his  
joy by day and by night4  ,but when it  
was just ready to head out it suddenly  
stopped growing for want of moisture4   
,it looked as if all his hard work would
 be in vain4  ,the poor farmer thought  
of his wife and children1 who were      
likely to starve in the coming winter4  
,he shed many tears1 but they could not 
moisten one little stalk4  ,suddenly he 
said1 ,i will water it myself4  ,the    
field was a mile square1 and it needed  
an inch of water over it all4  ,he      
quickly figured out that there were     
#bg1hgh1djj square feet in a square     
mile4  ,on every twelve square feet a   
cubic foot of water was needed4  ,a     
cubic foot of water weighs sixty-two and
 a third pounds4  ,hence it would       
require #gd1ged tons of water4  ,to draw
 this amount #gd1ged teams1 each drawing
 a ton1 would be required4  ,but they   
would tramp the wheat all down4         

,besides1 the nearest water in          
sufficient quantity was the ocean1 one  
thousand miles away over the mountains4 
,it would take three months to make the 
journey4  ,and1 worse than all else1 the
 water of the ocean is so salt that it  
would ruin the crop4  ,illustration3    
,breaking ,waves4  ,alas6 there were    
three impossibilities--so many teams1 so
 many miles1 so long time--and two ruins
 if he could overcome the               
impossibilities--trampling down the     
wheat and bringing so much salt4 ,alas1 
alas6 what could he do but see the poor 
wheat die of thirst and his poor wife   
and children die of hunger8  ,suddenly  
he determined to ask the sun to help    
him4  ,and the sun said he would4  ,that
 was a very little thing for such a     
great body to do4  ,so he heated the air
 over the ocean till it became so       
thirsty that it drank plenty of water1  
choosing only the sweet fresh water and 
leaving all the salt in the ocean4      
,then the warm air rose1 because the    

heat had expanded it and made it        
lighter1 and the other air rushed down  
the mountains all over that side of the 
continent to take its place4  ,then the 
warm air went landward in an upper      
current and carried its load of water in
 great piles and mountains of clouds2 it
 lifted them over the great ranges of   
mountains and rained down its thousands 
of tons of sweet water a thousand miles 
from the sea1 so gently that not a stalk
 of wheat was trampled down1 nor was a  
single root made acrid by any taste of  
brine4  ,besides the precious drink the 
sun brought the most delicate food for  
the wheat4  ,there was carbonic acid1   
that makes soda water so delicious1     
besides oxygen1 that is so stimulating1 
nitrogen1 ammonia1 and half a dozen     
other things that are so nutritious to  
growing plants4  ,thus the wheat grew up
 in beauty1 headed out abundantly1 and  
matured perfectly4  ,then the farmer    
stopped weeping for laughter1 and in his
 joy he remembered to thank1 not the    

sun1 nor the wind1 but the great ,one   
who made them both4     ,,the ,,sun',s  
,,great ,,horses  ,there was once a man 
who had thousands of acres of mighty    
forests in the distant mountains4  ,they
 were valueless there1 but would be     
exceedingly valuable in the great cities
 hundreds of miles away1 if he could    
only find any power to transport them   
thither4  ,so he looked for a team that 
could haul whole counties of forests so 
many miles4  ,he saw that the sun drew  
the greatest loads1 and he asked it to  
help him4  ,and the sun said that was   
what he was made for2 he existed only to
 help man4  ,he said that he had made   
those great forests to grow for a       
thousand years so as to be ready for man
 when he needed them1 and that he was   
now ready to help move them where they  
were wanted4  ,so he told the man who   
owned the forest that there was a great 
power1 which men called gravitation1    
that seemed to reside in the center of  
the earth and every other world1 but    

that it worked everywhere4  ,it held the
 stones down to the earth1 made the rain
 fall1 and water to run down hill2 and  
if the man would arrange a road1 so that
 gravitation and the sun could work     
together1 the forest would soon be      
transported from the mountains to the   
sea4  ,so the man made a trough a great 
many miles long1 the two sides coming   
together like a great letter ,v4  ,then 
the sun brought water from the sea and  
kept the trough nearly full year after  
year4  ,the man put into it the lumber  
and logs from the great forests1 and    
gravitation pulled the lumber and water 
ever so swiftly1 night and day1 miles   
away to the sea4  ,how ,i have laughed  
as ,i have seen that perpetual stream of
 lumber and timber pour out so far from 
where the sun grew them for man4  ,for  
the sun never ceased to supply the      
water1 and gravitation never ceased to  
pull4  ,this man who relentlessly cut   
down the great forests never said1 ,how 
good the sun is6 nor1 ,how strong is    

gravitation6 but said continually1 ,how 
smart ,i am6     ,,old ,,sun ,,help     
,holland is a land that is said to draw 
twenty feet of water4  ,its surface is  
below sea level4  ,since #addj they have
 been recovering land from the sea4     
,they have acquired #bcj1jjj acres in   
all4  ,fifty years ago they diked off   
#de1jjj acres of an arm of the sea1     
called ,haarlem ,meer1 that had an      
average depth of twelve and three       
quarters feet of water1 and proposed to 
pump it out so as to have that much more
 fertile land4  ,they wanted to raise   
#ce1jjj1jjj tons of water a month a     
distance of ten feet1 to get through in 
time4  ,who could work the handle8  ,the
 sun would evaporate two inches a year1 
but that was too slow4  ,so they used   
the old force of the sun1 reservoired in
 former ages4  ,coal is condensed       
sunshine1 still keeping all the old     
light and power4  ,by a suitable engine 
they lifted #aab tons ten feet at every 
stroke1 and in #ahdh1 five years after  

they began to apply old sun force1      
#da1fge acres were ready for sale and   
culture4  ,the water that accumulates   
now1 from rain and infiltration1 is     
lifted out by the sun force as exhibited
 in wind on windmills4  ,they groaningly
 work while men sleep4  ,the            
,netherlandish engineers are now        
devising plans to pump out the ,zuyder  
,zee1 an area of two thousand square    
miles4  ,there is plenty of power of    
every kind for anything1 material1      
mental1 spiritual4  ,the problem is the 
application of it4  ,the thinker is     
king4  ,this is only one instance of    
numberless applications of old sun      
force4 ,in this country coal does more  
work than every man1 woman1 and child in
 the whole land4  ,it pumps out deep    
mines1 hoists ore to the surface1 speeds
 a thousand trains1 drives great ships1 
in face of waves and winds1 thousands of
 miles and faster than transcontinental 
trains4  ,it digs1 spins1 weaves1 saws1 
planes1 grinds1 plows1 reaps1 and does  

everything it is asked to do4  ,it is a 
vast reservoir of force1 for the        
accumulation of which thousands of years
 were required4     ,,moon ,,help  ,at  
,foo-,chow1 ,china1 there is a stone    
bridge1 more than a mile long1 uniting  
the two parts of the city4  ,it is not  
constructed with arches1 but piers are  
built up from the bottom of the river   
and great granite stringers are laid    
horizontally from pier to pier4  ,i     
measured some of these great stone      
stringers1 and found them to be three   
feet square and forty-five feet long4   
,they weigh over thirty tons each4  ,how
 could they be lifted1 handled1 and put 
in place over the water on slender      
piers8  ,how was it done8  ,there was no
 ,hercules to perform the mighty labor1 
nor ,amphion to lure them to their place
 with the music of his golden lyre4     
,tradition says that the ,chinese1 being
 astute astronomers1 got the moon to do 
the work4  ,it was certainly very       
shrewd1 if they did4  ,why not use the  

moon for more than a lantern8  ,is it   
not a part of the all things over which 
man was made to have dominion8  ,well1  
the ,chinese engineers brought the great
 granite blocks to the bridge site on   
floats1 and when the tide lifted the    
floats and stones they blocked up the   
stones on the piers and let the floats  
sink with the outgoing tide4  ,then they
 blocked up the stones on the floats    
again1 and as the moon lifted the tides 
once more they lifted the stones farther
 toward their place1 until at length the
 work was done for each set of stones4  
,dear1 good moon1 what a pull you have6 
,you are not merely for the delight of  
lovers1 pleasant as you are for that1   
but you are ready to do gigantic work4  
,no wonder that the ,chinese1 as they   
look at the solid and enduring character
 of that bridge1 name it1 after the     
poetic and flowery habit of the country1
 ,the ,bridge of ,ten ,thousand ,ages4  
,,more ,,moon ,,help  ,years ago1 before
 there were any railroads1 ,new ,york   

city had thousands of tons of           
merchandise it wished to send out ,west4
  ,teams were few and slow1 so they     
asked the moon to help4  ,it was ready2 
had been waiting thousands of years4    
,we shall soon see that it is easy to   
slide millions of tons of coal down     
hill1 but how could we slide freight up 
from ,new ,york to ,albany8  ,it is very
 simple4  ,lift up the lower end of the 
river till it shall be down hill all the
 way to ,albany4  ,but who can lift up  
the end of the river8  ,the moon4  ,it  
reaches abroad over the ocean and       
gathers up water from afar1 brings it up
 by ,cape ,hatteras and in from toward  
,england1 pours it in through the       
,narrows1 fills up the great harbor1 and
 sets the great ,hudson flowing up      
toward ,albany4  ,then men put their big
 boats on the current and slide up the  
river4  ,six hours later the moon takes 
the water out of the harbor and lets    
other boats slide the other way4  ,new  
,york itself has made use of the moon to

 get rid of its immense amount of       
garbage and sewage4  ,it would soon     
breed a pestilence1 and the city be like
 the buried cities of old2 but the moon 
comes to its aid1 and carries away and  
buries all this foul breeder of a       
pestilence1 and washes all the harbor   
and bay with clean floods of water twice
 a day4  ,good moon6  ,it not only      
lights1 but works4  ,the tide in ,new   
,york ,harbor rises only about five     
feet2 up in the ,bay of ,fundy it ramps1
 rushes1 raves1 and rises more than     
fifty feet high4  ,in former times men  
used to put mill wheels into the        
currents of the tides2 when they rushed 
into little bays and salt ponds they    
turned the wheels one way2 when out1 the
 other4     ,,star ,,help    ,we for    
whose sake all ,nature stands1   ,and   
stars their courses move4  ,do the      
stars1 that are so far away and seem so 
small1 send us any help8 ,assuredly4    
,nothing exists for itself4  ,all is for
 man4  ,magnetism tells the sailor which

 way he is going4  ,stars not only do   
this1 when visible1 but they also tell  
just where on the round globe he is4  ,a
 glance into their bright eyes1 from a  
rolling deck1 by an uneducated sailor1  
aided by the tables of accomplished     
scholars1 tells him exactly where he    
is--in mid ,atlantic1 ,pacific1 ,indian1
 ,arctic1 or ,antarctic ,ocean1 or at   
the mouth of the harbor he has sought   
for months4  ,we lift up our eyes higher
 than the hills4  ,help comes from the  
skies4  ,this help was started long     
since1 with providential foresight and  
care4 ,is he steering by the ,north     
,star8  ,a ray of guidance was sent from
 that lighthouse in the sky half a      
century before his need1 that it might  
arrive just at the critical time4  ,it  
has been ever since on its way4  ,the   
stars give us1 on land and sea1 all our 
reliable standards of time4 ,there is no
 other source4  ,they are reliable to   
the hundredth part of a second4  ,the   
,italian physicians1 in their ignorance 

of the origin of a disease1 named it the
 influenza1 because they imagined that  
it came from the influence of the stars4
  ,no6  ,there is nothing malign in the 
sweet influences of the ,pleiades4  ,the
 stars are of special use as a mental   
gymnasium4  ,on their lofty bars and    
trapezes the mind can swing itself      
higher and farther than on any other    
material thing4  ,infinity and          
omnipotence are factors in their        
problems4  ,they also fill the soul of  
the rapt beholder with adoring wonder4  
,they are the greatest symbols of the   
unweariableness of the power and of the 
minuteness of the knowledge of ,god4    
,he calleth all their millions by name1 
and for the greatness of his power not  
one faileth to come4  ,number the stars 
of a clear ,eastern sky1 if you are     
able4  ,so multitudinous and enduring   
shall the influence of one good man be4 
,,help ,,from ,,insensible ,,seas       
,suppose one has been at sea a month4   
,he has tacked to every point of the    

compass1 been driven by gales1 becalmed 
in doldrums4  ,at length ,euroclydon    
leaps on him1 and he lets her drive4    
,and when for many days and nights      
neither sun nor stars appear1 how can he
 tell where he is1 which way he drives1 
where the land lies8  ,there is an      
insensible ocean4  ,no sense detects its
 presence4  ,it has gulf streams that   
flow through us1 storms whose waves     
engulf us1 but we feel them not4  ,there
 are various intensities of its power1  
the north end of the world not having   
half as much as the south4  ,there are  
two places in the north half of the     
world that have greater intensity than  
the rest1 and only one in the south4    
,it looks as if there were unsoundable  
depths in some places and shoals in     
others4  ,the currents do not flow in   
exactly the same direction all the time1
 but their variations are within        
definite limits4  ,how shall we detect  
these steady currents when wind and     
waves are in tumultuous confusion8      

,they are always present4  ,no winds    
blow them aside1 no waves drench their  
subtle fire1 no mountains make them     
swerve4  ,but how shall we find them8   
,float a bit of magnetic ore in a pail  
of water1 or suspend a bit of magnetized
 steel by a thread1 and these currents  
make the ore or needle point north and  
south4  ,now let waves buffet either    
side1 typhoons roar1 and maelstroms     
whirl2 we have1 out of the invisible1   
insensible sea of magnetic influence1 a 
sure and steady guide4  ,now we can sail
 out of sight of headlands4  ,we have in
 the darkness and light1 in calm and    
storm1 an unswerving guide4  ,now       
,columbus can steer for any new world4  
,does not this seem like a spiritual    
force8  ,lodestone can impart its       
qualities to hard steel without the     
impairment of its own power4  ,there is 
a giving that does not impoverish1 and a
 withholding that does not enrich4      
,wherever there is need there is supply4
  ,the proper search with appropriate   

faculties will find it4  ,there are yet 
more things in heaven and earth than are
 dreamed of in our philosophy4     ,,the
 ,,fairy ,,gravitation  ,the ,germans   
imagine that they have fairy kobolds1   
sprites1 and gnomes which play under    
ground and haunt mines4  ,i know a real 
one4  ,i will give you his name4  ,it is
 called ,gravitation4  ,the name does   
not sound any more fairylike than a     
sledge hammer1 but its nature and work  
are as fairylike as a spider's web4  ,i 
will give samples of his helpful work   
for man4  ,in the mountains about       
,saltzburg1 south of ,munich1 are great 
thick beds of solid salt4  ,how can they
 get it down to the cities where it is  
needed8  ,instead of digging it out1 and
 packing it on the backs of mules for   
forty miles1 they turn in a stream of   
water and make a little lake which      
absorbs very much salt--all it can      
carry4  ,then they lay a pipe1 like a   
fairy railroad1 and gravitation carries 
the salt water gently and swiftly forty 

miles1 to where the railroads can take  
it everywhere4  ,it goes so easily6     
,there is no railroad to build1 no car  
to haul back1 only to stand still and   
see gravitation do the work4  ,how do   
they get the salt and water apart8  ,o1 
just as easily4  ,they ask the wind to  
help them4  ,they cut brush about four  
feet long1 and pile it up twenty feet   
high and as long as they please4  ,then 
a pipe with holes in it is laid along   
the top1 the water trickles down all    
over the loose brush1 and the thirsty   
wind blows through and drinks out most  
of the water4  ,they might let on the   
water so slowly that all of it would be 
drunk out by the wind1 leaving the solid
 salt on the bushes4  ,but they do not  
want it there4  ,so they turn on so much
 water that the thirsty wind can drink  
only the most of it1 and the rest drops 
down into great pans1 needing only a    
little evaporation by boiling to become 
beautiful salt again1 white as the snows
 of ,december4  ,there are other        

minerals besides salt in the beds in the
 mountains1 and1 being soluble in water1
 they also come down the tiny railroad  
with musical laughter4  ,how can we     
separate them1 so that the salt shall be
 pure for our tables8  ,the other       
minerals are less avaricious of water   
than salt1 so they are precipitated1 or 
become solid1 sooner than salt does4    
,hence with nice care the other minerals
 can be left solid on the bushes1 while 
the salt brine falls off4  ,afterward   
pure water can be turned on and these   
other minerals can be washed off in a   
solution of their own4  ,no fairies     
could work better than those of solution
 and crystallization4     ,,more        
,,gravitation  ,at ,hutchinson1 ,kan41  
there are great beds of solid rock salt 
four hundred feet below the surface4    
,men want to get and use two thousand   
barrels a day4  ,how shall they get it  
to the top of the ground8  ,they might  
dig a great well--or1 as the miners say1
 sink a shaft--pump out the water1 go   

down and blast out the salt1 and        
laboriously haul it up in defiance of   
gravitation4  ,no2 that is too hard4    
,better ask this strong gravitation to  
bring it up4  ,but does it work down and
 up8  ,did any one ever know of         
gravitation raising anything8  ,o yes1  
many things4  ,a balloon may weigh as   
much as a ton1 but when inflated it     
weighs less than so much air2 so the    
heavier air flows down under and        
shoulders it up4  ,when a heavy weight  
and a light one are hung over a pulley1 
the light one goes up because gravity   
acts more on the other4  ,water poured  
down a long tube will rise if the tube  
is bent up into a shorter arm4          
,exactly4  ,so we bore a four-inch hole 
down to the salt and put in an iron     
tube4  ,we do not care about the water4 
,it is no bother4  ,then inside of this 
tube we put a two-inch tube that is a   
few feet higher4  ,now pour water down  
the small longer tube4  ,it saturates   
itself with salt1 and comes flowing over

 the top of the shorter tube as easily  
as water runs down hill4  ,multiply the 
wells1 dry out the water1 and you have  
your two thousand barrels of salt lifted
 every day--just as easy as thinking6   
,we want a steady1 unswerving force that
 will pull our clock hands with an exact
 motion day and night1 year in and year 
out4  ,we hang up a string1 and ask     
gravitation to take hold and pull4  ,we 
put on some lead or brass for a handle1 
to take hold of4  ,it takes hold and    
pulls1 unweariedly1 unvaryingly1 and    
ceaselessly4  ,it turns single          
water-wheels with a power of more than  
twelve hundred horses4  ,it holds down  
houses1 so that they are not blown away4
  ,it was made to serve man1 and it     
works without a grumble4  ,thus the     
higher force in nature always prevails  
over the lower1 and the greater amount  
over the less amount of the same force4 
,what is the highest force8     ,,the   
,,fairy ,,pulls ,,great ,,loads  ,far   
back in the hills west of ,mauch ,chunk1

 ,pa41 lie great beds of coal4 ,they    
were made under the sea long ages ago1  
raised up1 roofed over by the ,allegheny
 ,mountains1 and kept waiting as great  
reservoirs of power for the use of man4 
,but how can these mountains be gotten  
to the distant cities by the sea8 ,faith
 in what power can say to these         
mountains1 ,be thou removed far hence1  
and cast into the sea8  ,it is easy4    
,along the winding sides of the         
mountains have been laid two rails like 
steel ribbons for a dozen miles1 from   
the coal beds to water and railroad     
transportation4  ,put a half dozen      
loaded cars on the track1 and with one  
man at the brake1 lest gravitation      
should prove too willing a helper1 away 
they go1 through the springtime         
freshness or the autumn glory1 spinning 
and singing down to the point of        
universal distribution4  ,illustration3 
,incline at ,mauch ,chunk4  ,on one     
occasion the brake for some reason would
 not work4  ,the cars just flew like an 

arrow4  ,the man's hair stood up from   
fright and the wind4  ,coming to a curve
 the cars kept straight on1 ran down a  
bank1 dashed right into the end of a    
house and spilled their whole load in   
the cellar4  ,probably no man ever laid 
in a winter's supply of coal so quickly 
or so undesirably4  ,but how do we get  
the cars back8  ,it is pleasant sliding 
down hill on a rail1 but who pulls the  
sled back8  ,gravitation4  ,it is just  
as willing to work both ways as one way4
  ,think of a great letter ,x a dozen   
miles long4  ,lay it down on the side   
against three or four rough hills4      
,bend the ,x till it will fit the curves
 and precipices of these hills4  ,that  
is the double track4  ,now when loaded  
cars have come down one bar of the ,x by
 gravity1 draw them up by a sharp       
incline to the upper end of the other   
bar1 and away they go by gravity to the 
other end4  ,draw them up one more      
incline1 and they are ready to take a   
new load and buzz down to the bottom    

again4  ,i have been riding round the   
glorious mountain sides in a horseless1 
steamless1 electricityless carriage1 and
 been delighted to find hundreds of tons
 of coal shooting over my head at the   
crossings of the ,x1 and both cars were 
drawn in opposite directions by the same
 force of gravity in the heart of the   
earth4  ,if you do not take off your hat
 and cheer for the superb force of      
gravitation1 the wind is very apt to    
take it off for you4     ,,the ,,fairy  
,,draws ,,greater ,,loads  ,pittsburg   
has #e1jjj1jjj tons of coal every year  
that it wishes to send ,south1 much of  
it as far as ,new ,orleans--#b1jej      
miles4  ,what force is sufficient for   
moving such great mountains so far8     
,any boy may find it4  ,tie a stone to  
the end of a string1 whirl it around the
 finger and feel it pull4  ,how much is 
the pull8  ,that depends on the weight  
of the stone1 the length of the string1 
and the swiftness of the whirl4  ,in the
 case of ,david's sling it pulled away  

hard enough to crash into the head of   
,goliath4  ,suppose the stone to be as  
big as the earth 7#h1jjj miles in       
diameter71 the length of the string to  
be its distance from the sun            
7#ib1ejj1jjj miles71 and the swiftness  
of flight the speed of the earth in its 
orbit 7#a1jjj miles a minute74  ,the    
pull represents the power of gravitation
 that holds the earth to the sun4  ,if  
we use steel wires instead of           
gravitation for this purpose1 each      
strong enough to support half a score of
 people 7#a1ejj pounds71 how many would 
it take8  ,we would need to distribute  
them over the whole earth3 from pole to 
pole1 from side to side1 over all the   
land and sea4 ,then they would need to  
be so near together that a mouse could  
not run around among them4  ,here is a  
measureless power4  ,can it be gotten to
 take ,pittsburgh coal to ,new ,orleans8
  ,certainly2 it was made to serve man4 
,so the coal is put on great flatboats1 
#cf x #agf feet1 a thousand tons to a   

boat1 and gravitation takes the mighty  
burden down the long toboggan slide of  
the ,ohio and ,mississippi ,rivers to   
the journey's end4  ,how easy6          
,illustration3 ,the ,head of the        
,toboggan ,slide4  ,one load sent down  
was #dc1jjj tons4  ,the flatboats were  
lashed together as one solid boat       
covering six and one half acres1 more   
space than a whole block of houses in a 
city1 with one little steamboat to      
steer4 ,there is always plenty of power2
 just belt on for anything you want     
done4  ,this is only one thing that     
gravitation does for man on these       
rivers4  ,and there are many rivers4    
,they serve the savage on his log and   
the scientist in his palace steamer with
 equal readiness4     ,,the ,,fairy     
,,works ,a ,,pump ,,handle  ,the ,slave 
of the ,ring could take ,aladdin into a 
cave of wealth1 and by speaking the     
words1 ,open ,sesame1 ,ali ,baba was    
admitted into the cave that held the    
treasures of the forty thieves4  ,but   

that is very little4 ,i have just come  
from a cave in ,virginia ,city1 ,nev41  
from which men took #abj1jjj1jjj4  ,in  
following the veins of silver the miners
 went down #c1ejj feet--more than three 
fifths of a mile4  ,there it was        
fearfully hot1 but the main trouble was 
water4  ,they had dug a deep1 deep well4
  ,how could they get the water out8    
,pumps were of no use4  ,a column of    
water one foot square of that height    
weighs #bah1bdb pounds4  ,who could work
 the other end of the pump handle8      
,they thought of evaporating the water  
and sending it up as steam4  ,but it was
 found that it would take an incredible 
amount of coal4  ,they thought of       
separating it into oxygen and hydrogen1 
and then its own lightness would carry  
it up very quickly4  ,but they had no   
power that would resolve even quarts    
into their ultimate elements1 where tons
 would be required4  ,so they asked     
gravitation to help them4  ,it readily  
offered to do so4 ,it could not let go  

its hold of the water in the mine1 nor  
anywhere else1 for fear everything would
 go to pieces1 but it offered to        
overcome force with greater force4  ,so 
it sent the men twenty miles away in the
 mountains to dig a ditch all the way to
 the mine1 and then gravitation brought 
water to a reservoir four hundred feet  
above the mouth of the mine4  ,now a    
column of this water one foot square can
 be taken from this higher reservoir    
down to the bottom of the mine and weigh
 #be1jjj pounds more than a like column 
that comes from the bottom to the top4  
,this extra #be1jjj pounds is an extra  
force available to lift itself and the  
other water out of the deep well1 and   
they turn the greater force into a pump 
and work it in the cylinder as if it    
were steam4  ,it lifts not only the     
water that works the pump1 but the other
 water also out of the mine by          
gravitation4  ,so man gets the water out
 by pouring more water in4     ,,the    
,,help ,,of ,,inertia  ,since the time  

of ,david many boys have swung pebbles  
by a string1 or sling1 and felt the pull
 of what we call a centrifugal          
7center-fleeing7 force4  ,david utilized
 it to one good purpose4  ,goliath was  
greatly surprised2 such a thing never   
entered his head before4  ,whether a    
stone or an idea enters one's head      
depends on the kind of head he has4  ,we
 utilize this force in many ways now4   
,some boys swing a pail of milk over    
their heads1 and if swung fast enough   
the centrifugal force overcomes the     
force of gravitation1 and the milk does 
not fall4  ,that is not utilizing the   
force4  ,it often terrorizes the careful
 mother1 anxious for the safety of the  
milk4  ,but in the arts of practical    
life we do utilize this force1 which is 
only inertia4  ,once it took a long time
 for molasses to drain out of a hogshead
 of damp sugar4  ,now it is put into a  
great tub1 with holes in the side1 which
 is made to revolve rapidly1 and the    
molasses flies out4  ,in the best       

laundries clothes are not wrung out1 to 
the great damage of tender fabrics1 but 
are put into such a tub and whirled     
nearly dry4  ,so fifty yards of woolen  
cloth just out of the dye vat--who could
 wring it8  ,it is coiled in a tub      
called a wizard1 and whirled4  ,muddy   
water is put through a process called   
clarification4  ,it is the same1 except 
that there are no holes in the vessel4  
,the heavier particles of dirt1 that    
would settle in time1 take the outside1 
leaving perfectly clean water in the    
middle4  ,a perpendicular perforated    
pipe1 with a faucet below1 drains off   
all the clear water and leaves all the  
mud4  ,milk is brought in from the      
milking and put into a separator2 whirl 
it1 and the heavier milk takes the      
outside of the whirling mass1 and the   
lighter cream can be drawn off from the 
middle4  ,it is far more perfectly      
separated than by any skimming4  ,a     
rotary snowplow slices off two feet of a
 ten-foot drift at each revolution1 and 

by centrifugal force flings it out of   
the cutting with a speed that a hundred 
navvies or dagos cannot equal4     ,,one
 ,,plant ,,help  ,a thousand acres of   
land on ,cape ,cod were once blown away4
  ,this wind excavation was ten feet    
deep4  ,it was not an extraordinary     
wind1 but extraordinary land4  ,it was  
made of rock ground up into fine sand by
 the waves on the shore4  ,in all the   
deserts of the world the wind blows the 
itinerant sand on its far journeys4  ,if
 the wind is moderate it heaps the sand 
up into little hills1 some of them six  
hundred feet high1 around any           
obstruction1 and then blows the sand up 
the slanting face of the hill and over  
the top1 where it falls out of the wind 
on the leeward side4 ,in this way the   
hill is always traveling4  ,in ,north   
,carolina hills start inland1 and travel
 right on1 burying a house or farm if it
 be in the way1 but resurrecting it     
again on the other side as the hill goes
 on4  ,anyone may see these hills at the

 south end of ,lake ,michigan1 as he    
approaches ,chicago1 west of ,san       
,francisco1 all along up the ,columbia  
,river--the sand having come on the     
wings of the wind from the coast4  ,but 
to see the whole visible world on a     
march one needs to go to a really large 
desert4  ,the ,pyramids and the ,sphinx 
have been partly buried1 and parts of   
the valley of the ,nile threatened1 by  
hordes of sand hills marching in from   
the desert2 cities have been buried and 
harbors filled up4  ,many of the harbors
 of the ancient civilizations are mere  
miasmatic marshes now4  ,this is partly 
in consequence of the silt brought in by
 the rivers2 but where the rivers do not
 flow in it is because the sand blows in
 along the shore4  ,harbors are         
especially endangered when their        
protection from the waves consists of a 
bank of sand1 as on ,cape ,cod and the  
,sandy ,hook below the ,narrows of the  
harbor of ,new ,york4  ,how can man     
combat part of the continent on the     

move1 driven by the ceaseless powers of 
the air8  ,by a humble plant or two4    
,the movement of the sand hills that    
threaten to destroy the marvelous beauty
 of the grounds of the ,hotel del ,monte
 at ,monterey is stopped by planting    
dwarf pines4  ,the sand dunes that      
prevent much of ,holland from being     
reconquered by the sea are protected    
with great care by willows1 etc41 and   
the coast sands of parts of eastern     
,france have been sown with sea pine and
 broom4  ,the tract of a thousand acres 
on ,cape ,cod had been protected by     
humble beach grass4  ,some careless     
herder let the cows eat it in places1   
and away went part of a township4  ,it  
is now a punishable crime on ,cape ,cod 
to destroy beach grass4     ,,gas ,,help
  ,this refers to more than stump       
speech-making4  ,the old ,romans drove  
through solid rock numerous tunnels     
similar to the one for draining ,lago de
 ,celano1 fifty miles east of ,rome4    
,this one was three and a half miles    

long1 through solid rock1 and every chip
 cost a blow of a human arm to dislodge 
it4  ,of course the process was very    
slow4  ,we do works vastly greater4  ,we
 drive tunnels three times as long for  
double-track railways through rock that 
is held down by an ,alp4  ,we use common
 air to drill the holes and a thin gas  
to break the rock4  ,the ,mont ,cenis   
tunnel required the removal of #ijj1jjj 
cubic yards of rock4 ,near ,dover1      
,england1 #a1jjj1jjj1jjj tons of cliff  
were torn down and scattered over       
fifteen acres in an instant4  ,how was  
it done8  ,by gas4  ,there are a dozen  
kinds of solids which can be            
handled--some of them frozen1 thawed1   
soaked in water1 with impunity--but let 
a spark of fire touch them and they     
break into vast volumes of              
uncontrollable gas that will rend the   
heart out of a mountain in order to     
expand4  ,gunpowder was first used in   
#acej2 so the old ,romans knew nothing  
of its power4  ,they flung javelins a   

few rods by the strength of the arm2 we 
throw great iron shells1 starting with  
an initial velocity of fifteen hundred  
feet a second and going ten miles4  ,the
 air pressure against the front of a    
fifteen-inch shell going at that speed  
is #b1hfe pounds4 ,that ton and a half  
of resistance of gas in front must be   
much more than overcome by gas behind4  
,but the least use of explosives is in  
war2 not over ten per cent is so used4  
,the ,mont ,cenis tunnel took enough for
 #bjj1jjj1jjj musket cartridges4  ,as   
much as #b1jjj kegs have been fired at  
once in ,california to loosen up gravel 
for mining1 and #bc tons were exploded  
at once under ,hell ,gate1 at ,new      
,york4  ,how strong is this gas8  ,as   
strong as you please4  ,steam is        
sometimes worked at a pressure of #djj  
pounds to the inch1 but not usually over
 #ajj pounds4  ,it would be no use to   
turn steam into a hole drilled in rock4 
,the ordinary pressure of exploded gas  
is #hj1jjj pounds to the square inch4   

,it can be made many times more         
forceful4  ,it works as well in water1  
under the sea1 or makes earthquakes in  
oil wells #b1jjj feet deep1 as under    
mountains4  ,the wildest imagination of 
,scheherezade never dreamed in ,arabian 
,nights of genii that had a tithe of the
 power of these real forces4 ,her genii 
shut up in bottles had to wait centuries
 for some fisherman to let them out4    
,,natural ,,affection ,,of ,,metals     
,sacra fames auri4  ,the hunger for     
gold1 which in men is called accursed1  
in metals is justly called sacred4  ,in 
all the water of the sea there is       
gold--about #djj tons in a cubic        
mile--in very much of the soil1 some in 
all ,philadelphia clay1 in the          
,pactolian sands of every river where   
,midas has bathed1 and in many rocks of 
the earth4  ,but it is so fine and so   
mixed with other substances that in many
 cases it cannot be seen4  ,look at the 
ore from a mine that is giving its      
owners millions of dollars4  ,not a     

speck of gold can be seen4  ,how can it 
be secured8  ,set a trap for it4  ,put  
down something that has an              
affinity--voracious appetite1 unslakable
 thirst1 metallic affection--for gold1  
and they will come together4  ,we have  
heard of potable gold--potabile aurum4  
,there are metals to which all gold is  
drinkable4  ,mercury is one of them4    
,cut transverse channels1 or nail little
 cleats across a wooden chute for       
carrying water4  ,put mercury in the    
grooves or before the cleats1 and shovel
 auriferous gravel and sand into the    
rushing water4  ,the mercury will       
bibulously drink into itself all the    
fine invisible gold1 while the          
unaffectionate sand goes on1 bereaved of
 its wealth4  ,put gold-bearing quartz  
under an upright log shod with iron4    
,lift and drop the log a few hundred    
times on the rock1 until it is crushed  
so fine that it flows over the edge of  
the trough with constantly going water1 
and an amalgam of mercury spread over   

the inclined way down which the endusted
 water flows will drink up all the gold 
by force of natural affection therefor4 
,neither can the gold be seen in the    
mercury4  ,but it is there4  ,squeeze   
the mercury through chamois skin4  ,an  
amalgam1 mostly gold1 refuses to go     
through4  ,or apply heat4  ,the mercury 
flies away as vapor and the gold        
remains4  ,if thou seekest for wisdom as
 for silver1 and searchest for her as   
for hid treasure1 thou shalt find4      
,,natural ,,affection ,,between ,,metal 
,,and ,,liquid  ,a little boy had a     
silver mug that he prized very highly1  
as it was the gift of his grandfather4  
,the boy was not born with a silver     
spoon in his mouth1 but1 what was much  
better1 he had a mug often filled with  
what he needed4  ,one day he dipped it  
into a glass jar of what seemed to him  
water1 and letting go of it saw it go to
 the bottom4  ,he went to find his      
father to fish it out for him4  ,when he
 came back his heavy solid mug looked as

 if it were made of the skeleton leaves 
of the forest when the green chlorophyll
 has decayed away in the winter and left
 only the gauzy veins and veinlets      
through which the leaves were made4     
,soon even this fretwork was gone1 and  
there was no sign of it to be seen4     
,the liquid had eaten or drank the solid
 metal up1 particle by particle4  ,the  
liquid was nitric acid4  ,the poor      
little boy had often seen salt1 and     
especially sugar1 absorbed in water1 but
 never his  precious solid silver mug1  
and the bright tears rolled down his    
cheeks freely4  ,but his father thought 
of two things3 ,first1 that the blue    
tint told him that the jeweler had sold 
for silver to the grandfather a mug that
 was part copper2 and secondly1 that he 
would put some common salt into the     
nitric acid--which it liked so much     
better than silver that it dropped the  
silver1 just as a boy might drop bread  
when he sought to fill his hands with   
cake4  ,so the father recovered the     

invisible silver and made it into a     
precious mug again4     ,,natural       
,,affection ,,op ,,metal ,,and ,,gas  ,a
 man was waked up one night in a strange
 house by a noise he could not          
understand4  ,he wanted a light1 and    
wanted it very much1 but he had no      
matches that would take fire by the heat
 of friction4  ,he knew of many other   
ways of starting a fire4  ,if water gets
 to the cargo of lime in a vessel it    
sets the ship on fire4  ,it is of no use
 to try to put it out by water1 for it  
only makes more heat4  ,he knew that    
dried alum and sugar suitably mixed     
would burst into flame if exposed to the
 air2 that nitric acid and oil of       
turpentine would take fire if mixed2    
that flint struck by steel would start  
fire enough to explode a powder         
magazine2 and that ,elijah called down  
from heaven a kind of fire that burned  
twelve barrels of water as easily as    
ordinary water puts out ordinary fire4  
,but he had none of these ways of       

lighting his candle at hand--not even   
the last4  ,so he took a bit of         
potassium metal1 bright as silver1 out  
of a bottle of naphtha1 put it in the   
candle wick1 touched it with a bit of   
dripping ice1 and so lighted his candle4
  ,the potassium was so avaricious of   
oxygen that it decomposed the water to  
get it4  ,indeed1 it was a case of      
mutual affection4  ,the oxygen preferred
 the company of potassium to that of the
 hydrogen in the water1 and went to it  
even at the risk of being burned4  ,i   
was so interested in seeing a bit of    
silver-like metal and water take fire as
 they touched that ,i forgot all about  
the occasion of the noise4     ,,hint   
,,help  ,benjamin ,c4 ,b4 ,tilghman1 of 
,philadelphia1 once went into the       
lighthouse at ,cape ,may1 and1 observing
 that the window glass was translucent  
rather than transparent1 asked the      
keeper why he put ground glass in the   
windows4  ,we do not1 said the keeper4  
,we put in the clear glass1 and the wind

 blows the sand against it and roughens 
the outer surface like ground glass4    
,the answer was to him like the falling 
apple to ,newton4  ,he put on his       
thinking cap and went out4  ,it was     
better than the cap of ,fortunatus to   
him4  ,he thought1 ,if nature does this1
 why cannot ,i make a fiercer blast1 let
 sand trickle into it1 and so hurl a    
million little hammers at the glass1 and
 grind it more swiftly than we do on    
stones with a stream of wet sand added8 
,he tried jets of steam and of air with 
sand1 and found that he could roughen a 
pane of glass almost instantly4  ,by    
coating a part of the glass with hot    
beeswax1 applied with a brush1 through a
 stencil1 or covering it with paper cut 
into any desired figures1 he could      
engrave the most delicate and intricate 
patterns as readily as if plain4  ,glass
 is often made all white1 except a very 
thin coating of brilliant colored glass 
on one side4  ,this he could cut        
through1 leaving letters of brilliant   

color and the general surface white1 or 
vice versa4  ,seal cutting is a very    
delicate and difficult art1 old as the  
,pharaohs4 ,protect the surface that is 
to be left1 and the sand blast will cut 
out the required design neatly and      
swiftly4  ,there is no known substance1 
not even corundum1 hard enough to resist
 the swift impact of myriads of little  
stones4  ,it will cut more granite into 
shape in an hour than a man can in a    
day4  ,surely no one will be sorry to   
learn that ,general ,tilghman sold part 
of his patents1 taken out in ,october1  
#ahgj1 for #djj1jjj1 and receives the   
untold benefits of the rest to this day4
  ,so much for thinking4  ,nature gives 
thousands of hints4  ,some can take     
them2 some can only take the other      
thing4  ,the hints are greatly preferred
 by nature and man4     ,,creations     
,,now ,,in ,,progress  ,the forces of   
creation are yet in full play4  ,who can
 direct them8 ,rewards greater than     
,tilghman's await the thinker4  ,we are 

permitted not only to think ,god's      
thoughts after him1 but to do his works4
 ,greater works than these that ,i do   
shall he do who believeth on me1 says   
the ,greatest ,worker4  ,great profit   
incites to do the work noted below4     
,carbon as charcoal is worth about six  
cents a bushel2 as plumbago1 for lead   
pencils or for the bicycle chain1 it is 
worth more2 as diamond it has been sold 
for #ejj1jjj for less than an ounce1 and
 that was regarded as less than half its
 value4  ,such a stone is so valuable   
that #ae1jjj has been spent in grinding 
and polishing its surface4  ,the glazier
 pays #e4jj for a bit of carbon so small
 that it would take about ten thousand  
of them to make an ounce4  ,why is there
 such a difference in value8  ,simply   
arrangement and compactness4  ,can we so
 enormously enhance the value of a      
bushel of charcoal by arrangement and   
compression8  ,not very satisfactorily  
as yet4  ,we can apply almost limitless 
pressure1 but that does not make        

diamonds4  ,every particle must go to   
its place by some law and force we have 
not yet attained the mastery of4  ,we do
 not know and control the law and force 
in nature that would enable us to say to
 a few million bricks1 stones1 bits of  
glass1 etc41 ,fly up through earth1     
water1 and air1 and combine into a      
perfect palace1 with walls1 buttresses1 
towers1 and windows all in exact        
architectural harmony4  ,but there is   
such a law and force for crystals1 if   
not for palaces4  ,there is wisdom to   
originate and power to manage such a    
force4  ,it does not take masses of rock
 and stick them together1 nor even      
particles from a fluid1 but atoms from a
 gas4  ,atoms as fine as those of air   
must be taken and put in their place1   
one by one1 under enormous pressure1 to 
have the resulting crystal as compact as
 a diamond4  ,the force of              
crystallization is used by us in many   
inferior ways1 as in making crystals of 
rock candy1 sulphur1 salt1 etc41 but for

 the making of diamonds it is too much  
for us1 except in a small way4  ,while  
we cannot yet use the force that builds 
large white diamonds we can use the     
diamonds themselves4  ,set a number of  
them around a section of an iron tube1  
place it against a rock1 at the surface 
or deep down in a mine1 cause it to     
revolve rapidly by machinery1 and it    
will bore into the rock1 leaving a core4
  ,force in water1 to remove the dust   
and chips1 and the diamond teeth will   
eat their way hundreds of feet in any   
direction2 and by examining the         
extracted core miners can tell what sort
 of ore there is hundreds of feet in    
advance4  ,hence1 they go only where    
they know that value lies4     ,,some   
,,curious ,,behaviors ,,of ,,atoms      
,ultimate atoms of matter are asserted  
to be impenetrable4  ,that is1 if a mass
 of them really touched each other1 that
 mass would not be condensible by any   
force4  ,but atoms of matter do not     
touch4  ,it is thinkable1 but not       

demonstrable1 that condensation might go
 on till there were no discernible      
substance left1 only force4  ,matter    
exists in three states3 solid1 liquid1  
and gas4  ,it is thought that all matter
 may be passed through the three        
stages--iron being capable of being     
volatilized1 and gases condensed to     
liquids and solids--the chief difference
 of these states being greater or less  
distance between the constituent atoms  
and molecules4  ,in gas the particles   
are distant from each other1 like gnats 
flying in the air2 in liquids1 distant  
as men passing in a busy street2 in     
solids1 as men in a congregation1 so    
sparse that each can easily move about4 
,the congregation can easily disperse to
 the rarity of those walking in the     
street1 and the men in the street       
condense to the density of the          
congregation4  ,so1 matter can change in
 going from solids to liquids and gases1
 or vice versa4  ,the behavior of atoms 
in the process is surpassingly          

interesting4  ,gold changes its density1
 and therefore its thickness1 between   
the two dies of the mint that make it   
money4  ,how do the particles behave as 
they snuggle up closer to each other8   
,take a piece of iron wire and bend it4 
,the atoms on the inner side become     
nearer together1 those on the outside   
farther apart4  ,twist it4 ,the outer   
particles revolve on each other2 those  
of the middle do not move4  ,they assume
 and maintain their new relations4      
,hang a weight on a wire4  ,it does not 
stretch like a rubber thread1 but it    
stretches4  ,eight wires were tested as 
to their tensile strength4 ,they gave an
 average of forty-five pounds1 and an   
elongation averaging nineteen per cent  
of the total length4  ,then a wire of   
the same kind was given time to adjust  
itself to its new and trying            
circumstances4 ,forty pounds were hung  
on one day1 three pounds more the next  
day1 and so on1 increasing the weights  
by diminishing quantities1 till in sixty

 days it carried fifty-seven pounds4    
,so it seems that exercise strengthened 
the wire nearly twenty-seven per cent4  
,while those atoms are hustling about1  
lengthening the wire and getting a      
better grip on one another1 they grow   
warm with the exercise4  ,hold a thick  
rubber band against your lip--suddenly  
stretch it4  ,the lip easily perceives  
the greater heat4  ,after a few moments 
let it contract4  ,the greater coldness 
is equally perceptible4  ,a wire        
suspending thirty-nine pounds being     
twisted ninety-five full turns          
lengthened itself one sixteen-hundredth 
of its length4  ,being further twisted  
by twenty-five turns it shortened itself
 one fourth of its previous elongation4 
,during the twisting some sections took 
far more torsion than others4  ,a steel 
wire supporting thirty-nine pounds was  
twisted one hundred and twenty times and
 then allowed to untwist at will4  ,it  
let out only thirty-eight turns and     
retained eighty-two in the new permanent

 relation of particles4  ,a wire has    
been known to accommodate itself to     
nearly fourteen hundred twists1 and     
still the atoms did not let go of each  
other4  ,they slid about on each other  
as freely as the atoms of water1 but    
they still held on4  ,it is easier to   
conceive of these atoms sliding about1  
making the wire thinner and longer1 when
 we consider that it is the opinion of  
our best physicists that molecules made 
of atoms are never still4  ,masses of   
matter may be still1 but not the        
constituent elements4  ,they are always 
in intensest activity1 like a mass of   
bees--those inside coming out1 outside  
ones going in--but the mass remains the 
same4  ,the atoms of water behave       
extraordinarily4  ,i know of a boiler   
and pipes for heating a house4  ,when   
the fire was applied and the temperature
 was changed from that of the street to 
two hundred degrees1 it was easy to see 
that there was a whole barrel more of it
 than when it was let into the boiler4  

,it had been swollen by the heat1 but it
 was nothing but water4  ,mobile1       
flexible1 and yielding as water seems to
 be1 it has an obstinacy quite          
remarkable4  ,it was for a long time    
supposed to be absolutely               
incompressible4  ,it is nearly so4  ,a  
pressure that would reduce air to one   
hundredth of its bulk would not         
discernibly affect water4  ,put a ton   
weight on a cubic inch of water2 it does
 not flinch nor perceptibly shrink1 yet 
the atoms of water do not fill the space
 they occupy4  ,they object to being    
crowded4  ,they make no objection to    
having other matter come in and possess 
the space unoccupied by them4  ,air so  
much enjoys its free1 agile state1      
leaping over hills and plains1 kissing a
 thousand flowers1 that it greatly      
objects to being condensed to a liquid4 
,first we must take away all the heat4  
,two hundred and ten degrees of heat    
changes water to steam filling #a1gbh   
times as much space4  ,no amount of     

pressure will condense steam to water   
unless the heat is removed4  ,so take   
heat away from air till it is more than 
two hundred degrees below zero1 and then
 a pressure of about two hundred        
atmospheres 7#ad4g pounds each7 changes 
common air to fluid4  ,it fights        
desperately against condensation1       
growing hot with the effort1 and it     
maintains its resilience for years at   
any point of pressure short of the final
 surrender that gives up to become      
liquid4  ,perhaps sometime we shall have
 the pure air of the mountains or the   
sea condensed to fluid and sold by the  
quart to the dwellers in the city1 to be
 expanded into air once more4  ,the     
marvel is not greater that gas is able  
to sustain itself under the awful       
pressure with its particles in extreme  
dispersion1 than that what we call      
solids should have their molecules in a 
mazy dance and yet keep their strength4 
,since this world1 in power1 fineness1  
finish1 beauty1 and adaptations1 not    

only surpasses our accomplishment1 but  
also is past our finding out to its     
perfection1 it must have been made by   
,one stronger1 finer1 and wiser than we 
are4     ,,mobility ,,of ,,seeming      
,,solids  ,when a human breath1 or the  
white jet of a steam whistle1 or the    
black cough of a locomotive smokestack  
is projected into the air it is easy to 
see that the air is mobile4  ,its       
particles easily roll over one another  
in voluminously infolding wreaths4  ,the
 same is seen in water4 ,the crest of a 
wave falls over a portion of air1       
imprisoning it for a moment1 and the    
mingled air and water of different      
densities prevent the light of the sun  
or sky from going straight down into the
 black depths and being lost1 but by    
being reflected and turned back it shows
 like beautiful white lace1 constantly  
created and dissolved with a            
thousandfold more beauty than any that  
ever came from human hands4  ,all the   
three shifting elements of the swift    

creations are mobile4  ,this seems to be
 the case because these elements are not
 solid4  ,the particles have plenty of  
room to play about each other1 to       
execute mazy dances and minuets with    
vastly more space than substance4       
,extend the thought a little4  ,things  
that seem to us most solid are equally  
mobile4  ,an iron wire seems solid4  ,it
 is so2 some parts much more so than    
others4  ,the surface that has been in  
closest contact with the die as the wire
 was drawn through1 reducing its size by
 one half1 perhaps1 is vastly more dense
 than the inner parts that have not been
 so condensed4  ,file away one tenth of 
a wire1 taking it all from the surface1 
and you weaken the tensile strength of  
the wire one half4  ,but1 dense and     
solid as this iron is1 its particles are
 as mobile within certain limits as the 
particles of air4  ,an electric message 
sent through a mile of wire is not      
anything transmitted2 matter is not     
transferred1 but the particles are set  

to dancing in wavy motion from end to   
end4  ,particles are leaping within     
ordered limits and according to regular 
laws as really as the clouds swirl and  
the air trembles into song through the  
throat of a singer4  ,when a wire is    
made sensitive by electricity the breath
 of a child can make it vibrate from end
 to end1 ensouled with the child's      
laughter or fancies4  ,nay1 more1 and   
far more wonderful1 the wire will be    
sensitive to the number of vibrations of
 a certain note of music1 and no        
receiver at the other end will gather up
 its sensitive tremblings unless it is  
pitched to the keynote of the vibrations
 sent4  ,in this way eight sets of      
vibrations have been sent on one wire   
both ways at the same time1 and no set  
of signals has in any way interfered    
with the completeness and audibility of 
the rest4 ,sixteen sets of waltzes were 
being performed at one and the same time
 by the particles of one wire without   
confusion4  ,because the air is         

transmitting the notes of an organ from 
the loft to the opposite end of the     
church1 it is not incapable of bringing 
the sound of a voice in an opposite     
direction to the organist from the other
 end of the church4  ,the extreme       
mobility of steel is seen when the      
red-hot metal is plunged into water4    
,instantly every particle takes a new   
position1 making it a hundredfold more  
hard than before it was heated4  ,but   
these particles of transferred steel are
 still mobile4   ,a man's razor does not
 cut smoothly4  ,it is dull1 or has a   
ragged edge that is more inclined to    
draw tears than cut hairs4  ,he draws   
the razor over the tender palm of his   
hand a few times1 rearranges the        
particles of the edge and builds them   
out into a sharper form4  ,then the     
razor returns to the lip with the dainty
 touch of a kiss instead of a saw4  ,or 
the tearful man dips the razor in hot   
water and the particles run out to make 
a wider blade and1 of course1 a thinner1

 sharper edge4  ,drop the tire of a     
wagon wheel into a circular fire4  ,as  
the heat increases each particle says to
 its neighbor1 ,please stand a little   
further off2 this more than ,july heat  
is uncomfortable4  ,so the close friends
 stand a little further apart1          
lengthening the tire an inch or two4    
,then1 being taken out of the fire and  
put on the wheel and cooled1 the        
particles snuggle up together again1    
holding the wheel with a grip of cold   
iron4  ,mobile and loose1 with plenty of
 room to play1 as the particles have1   
neither wire nor tire loses its tensile 
strength4  ,they hold together1 whether 
arms are locked around each other's     
waist1 or hand clasps hand in farther   
reach4  ,what change has come to iron   
when it has been made red or white hot8 
,its particles have simply been         
mobilized4  ,it differs from cold iron  
as an army in barracks and forts differs
 from an army mobilized4  ,nothing has  
been added but movement4  ,there is no  

caloric substance4  ,heat is a mode of  
motion4  ,the particles of iron have    
been made to vibrate among themselves4  
,when the rapidity of movement reaches  
four hundred and sixty millions of      
millions of vibrations per second it so 
affects the eye that we say it is       
red-hot4  ,when other systems of        
vibration have been added for yellow1   
etc41 up to seven hundred and thirty    
millions of millions for the violet1 and
 all continue in full play1 the eye     
perceives what we call white heat4  ,it 
is a simple illustration of the         
readiness of seeming solids to vibrate  
with almost infinite swiftness4  ,i have
 been to-day in what is to me a kind of 
heaven below--the workshop of my        
much-loved friend1 ,john ,a4 ,brashear1 
in ,allegheny1 ,pa4 ,he easily makes and
 measures things to one                 
four-hundred-thousandth of an inch of   
accuracy4  ,i put my hand for a few     
seconds on a great piece of glass three 
inches thick4  ,the human heat raised a 

lump detectable by his measurements4    
,we were testing a piece of glass half  
an inch thick2 and five inches in       
diameter4  ,i put my two thumbnails at  
the two sides as it rested on its bed1  
and could see at once that ,i had       
compressed the glass to a shorter       
diameter4  ,we twisted it in so many    
ways that ,i said1 ,that is a piece of  
glass putty4  ,and yet it was the       
firmest texture possible to secure4     
,great lenses are so sensitive that one 
cannot go near them without throwing    
them discernibly out of shape4 ,it were 
easy to show that there is no solid     
earth nor immovable mountains4  ,i came 
away saying to my friend1 ,i am glad    
,god lets you into so much of his finest
 thinking4  ,he is a mechanic1 not a    
theologian4  ,this foremost man in the  
world in his fine department was lately 
but a greasy mechanic1 an engineer in a 
rolling mill4  ,but for elasticity and  
mobility nothing approaches the         
celestial ether4 ,its vibrations reach  

into millions of millions per second1   
and its wave-lengths for extreme red    
light are only 4#jjjjbff of an inch     
long1 and for extreme violet still      
less--4#jjjjafg of an inch4  ,it is     
easier molding hot iron than cold1      
mobile things than immobile4 ,this world
 has been made elastic1 ready to take   
new forms4  ,new creations are easy1 for
 man1 even--much more so for ,god4  ,of 
angels1 ,milton says3      ,thousands at
 his bidding speed1   ,and post o'er    
land and ocean without rest4  ,no less  
is it true of atoms4  ,in him all things
 live and move4  ,such intense          
activities could not be without an      
infinite ,god immanent in matter4       
,,the ,,next ,,world ,,to ,,conquer     
,man's next realm of conquest is the    
celestial ether4  ,it has higher powers1
 greater intensities1 and quicker       
activities than any realm he has yet    
attempted4  ,when the emissory or       
corpuscular theory of light had to be   
abandoned a medium for light's interplay

 between worlds had to be conceived4    
,the existence of an all-pervasive      
medium called the luminiferous ether was
 launched as a theory4  ,its reality has
 been so far demonstrated that but very 
few doubters remain4  ,what facts of its
 conditions and powers can be known8    
,it differs almost totally from our     
conceptions of matter4  ,of the eighteen
 necessary properties of matter perhaps 
only one1 extension1 can be predicated  
of it4  ,it is unlimited1 all-pervasive2
 even where worlds are non-attractive1  
does not accumulate about suns or other 
bodies2 has no structure1 chemical      
relations1 nor inertia2 is not heatable1
 and is not cognizable by any of our    
present senses4  ,does it not take us   
one step toward an apprehension of the  
revealed condition of spirit8  ,recall  
its actual activities4  ,two hundred and
 fifty-eight vibrations of air per      
second produce on the ear the sensation 
we call do1 or ,c of the soprano scale2 
five hundred and sixteen give the upper 

,c1 or an octave above4  ,so the sound  
runs up in air till1 above1 say1        
thirty-five thousand vibrations per     
second1 there is plenty of sound        
inaudible to our ears4  ,but not        
inaudible to finer ears4  ,to them the  
morning stars sing together in mighty   
chorus3    ,forever singing as they     
shine1   ',the hand that made us is     
divine4'  ,electricity has as great a   
variety of vibrations as sound4  ,since 
some kinds of electricity do not readily
 pass through space devoid of air1      
though light and heat do1 it seems      
likely that some of the lower           
intensities and slower vibrations of    
electricity are not in ether but in air4
  ,certainly some of the higher         
intensities are in ether4 ,between two  
hundred and four hundred millions of    
millions of vibrations of ether per     
second are the different sorts of heat4 
,between four hundred and eight hundred 
vibrations are the different colors of  
light4 ,beyond eight hundred vibrations 

there is plenty of light1 invisible to  
our eyes1 known as chemical rays and    
probably the ,roentgen rays4 ,beyond    
these are there vibrations for          
thought-transference8  ,who knoweth8    
,these familiar facts are called up to  
show the almost infinite capacities and 
intensities of the ether4  ,matter is   
more forceful1 as it is less dense4     
,rock is solid1 and has little force    
except obstinate resistance4  ,steam is 
rarer and more forceful4  ,gases        
suddenly born of dynamite touched by    
fire in the rock under a mountain have  
the tremendous pressure of eighty       
thousand pounds to the square inch4     
,ether is so rare that its density1     
compared with water1 is represented by a
 decimal fraction with twenty-seven     
ciphers before it4  ,when the worlds    
navigate this sea1 do they plow through 
it as a ship through the waves1 forcing 
them aside1 or as a sieve letting the   
water through it8  ,doubtless the sieve 
is the better symbol4  ,certainly the   

vibrations flow through solid glass and 
most solid diamond4  ,to be sure1 they  
are a little hampered by the solid      
substance4  ,the speed of light is      
reduced from one hundred and eighty     
thousand miles a second in space to one 
hundred and twenty thousand in glass4   
,if ether can so readily go through such
 solids1 no wonder that a spirit body   
could appear to the disciples1 the doors
 being shut4  ,marvelous discoveries in 
the capacities of ether have been made  
lately4 ,in #ahdb ,joseph ,henry found  
that electric waves in the top of his   
house provoked action in a wire circuit 
in the cellar1 through two floors and   
ceilings1 without wire connections4     
,more than twenty years ago ,professor  
,loomis1 of the ,united ,states coast   
survey1 telegraphed twenty miles between
 mountains by electric impulses sent    
from kites4  ,last year ,mr4 ,preece1   
the cable being broken1 sent1 without   
wires1 one hundred and fifty-six        
messages between the mainland and the   

island of ,mull1 a distance of four and 
a half miles4  ,marconi1 an ,italian1   
has sent recognizable signals through   
seven or eight thick walls of the       
,london post-office1 and three fourths  
of a mile through a hill4 ,jagadis      
,chunder ,bose1 of ,india1 has fired a  
pistol by an electric vibration         
seventy-five feet away and through more 
than four feet of masonry4  ,since brick
 does not elastically vibrate to such   
infinitesimal impulses as electric      
waves1 ether must4  ,it has already been
 proven that one can telegraph to a     
flying train from the overhead wires4   
,ether is a far better medium of        
transmission than iron4  ,a wire will   
now carry eight messages each way1 at   
the same time1 without interference4    
,what will not the more facile ether do8
  ,such are some of the first vague     
suggestions of a realm of power and     
knowledge not yet explored4  ,they are  
mere auroral hints of a new dawn4 ,the  
full day is yet to shine4  ,like timid  

children1 we have peered into the       
schoolhouse--afraid of the unknown      
master4  ,if we will but enter we shall 
find that the ,master is our ,father1   
and that he has fitted up this house1   
out of his own infinite wisdom1 skill1  
and love1 that we may be like him in    
wisdom and power as well as in love4    
,,our ,,enjoyment ,,of ,,nature',s      
,,forces  ,we are a fighting race2 not  
because we enjoy fights1 but we enjoy   
the exercise of force4  ,in early times 
when we knew of no forces to handle but 
our own1 and no object to exercise them 
on but our fellow-men1 there were feuds1
 tyrannies1 wars1 and general           
desolation4  ,in the ,thirty ,years'    
,war the population of ,germany was     
starved and murdered down from sixteen  
millions to less than five millions4    
,but since we have found field1 room1   
and ample verge for the play of our     
forces in material realms1 and have     
acquired mastery of the superb forces of
 nature1 we have come to an era of      

peace4  ,we can now use our forces and  
those of nature with as real a sense of 
dominion and mastery on material things1
 resulting in comfort1 as formerly on   
our fellow-men1 resulting in ruin4  ,we 
now devote to the conquest of nature    
what we once devoted to the conquest of 
men4  ,there is a fascination in looking
 on force and its results4  ,some men   
never stand in the presence of an engine
 in full play without a feeling of      
reverence1 as if they stood in the      
presence of ,god--and they do4  ,the    
turning to these forces is a            
characteristic of our age that makes it 
an age of adventure and discovery4  ,the
 heart of equatorial ,africa has been   
explored1 and soon the poles will hold  
no undiscovered secrets4  ,among the    
great monuments of power the mountains  
stand supreme4  ,all the cohesions1     
chemical affinities1 affections of      
metals1 liquids1 and gases are in full  
play1 and the measureless power of      
gravitation4  ,and yet higher forces    

have chasmed1 veined1 infiltrated1      
disintegrated1 molded1 bent the rocky   
strata like sheets of paper1 and lifted 
the whole mass miles in air as if it    
were a mere bubble of gas4  ,the study  
of these powers is one of the           
fascinations of our time4  ,let me ask  
you to enjoy with me several of the     
greatest manifestations of force on this
 world of ours4   ,,the ,,monte ,,rosa  
,many of us in ,america know little of  
one of the great subjects of thought and
 endeavor in ,europe4  ,we are          
occasionally surprised by hearing that  
such a man fell into a crevasse1 or that
 four men were killed on the            
,matterhorn1 or five on the ,lyskamm1   
and others elsewhere1 and we wonder why 
they went there4  ,the ,alps are a great
 object of interest to all ,europe4  ,i 
have now before me a catalogue of #a1dgh
 works on the ,alps for sale by one     
bookseller4  ,it seems incredible4  ,in 
this list are over a dozen volumes      
describing different ascents of a single

 mountain1 and that not the most        
difficult4  ,there are publications of  
learned societies on geology1           
entomology1 paleontology1 botany1 and   
one volume of ,philosophical and        
,religious ,walks about ,mont ,blanc4   
,the geology of the ,alps is a most     
perplexing problem4  ,the summit of the 
,jungfrau1 for example1 consists of     
gneiss granite1 but two masses of ,jura 
limestone have been thrust into it1 and 
their ends folded over4  ,it is the     
habit1 of the ,germans especially1 to   
send students into the ,alps with a case
 for flowers1 a net for butterflies1 and
 a box for bugs4  ,every rod is a       
schoolhouse4  ,they speak of the snow   
mountains with ardent affection4  ,every
 ,englishman1 having no mountains at    
home1 speaks and feels as if he owned   
the ,alps4  ,he1 however1 cares less for
 their flowers1 bugs1 and butterflies   
than for their qualities as a gymnasium 
and a measure of his physical ability4  
,the name of every mountain or pass he  

has climbed is duly burnt into his      
,alpenstock1 and the said stock1 well   
burnt over1 is his pride in travel and a
 grand testimonial of his ability at    
home4  ,there are numerous ,alpine clubs
 in ,england1 ,france1 and ,italy4  ,in 
the grand exhibition of the nation at   
,milan the ,alpine clubs have one of the
 most interesting exhibits4  ,this      
general interest in the ,alps is a      
testimony to man's admiration of the    
grandest work of ,god within reach1 and 
to his continued devotion to physical   
hardihood in the midst of the enervating
 influences of civilization4  ,there is 
one place in the world devoted by divine
 decree to pure air4  ,you are obliged  
to use it4 ,toiling up these steeps the 
breathing quickens fourfold1 till every 
particle of the blood has been bathed   
again and again in the perfect air4     
,tyndall records that he once staggered 
out of the murks and disease of ,london1
 fearing that his lifework was done4    
,he crawled out of the hotel on the     

,bell ,alp and1 feeling new life1       
breasted the mountain1 hour after hour1 
till every acrid humor had oozed away1  
and every part of his body had become so
 renewed that he was well from that     
time4  ,in such a sanitarium1 school of 
every department of knowledge1          
training-place for hardihood1 and       
monument of ,nature's grandest work1 man
 does well to be interested4  ,you want 
to ascend these mountains8  ,come to    
,zermatt4  ,with a wand ten miles long  
you can touch twenty snow-peaks4        
,europe has but one higher4 ,twenty     
glaciers cling to the mountain sides and
 send their torrents into the little    
green valley4  ,try yourself on ,monte  
,rosa1 more difficult to ascend than    
,mont ,blanc2 try the ,matterhorn1      
vastly more difficult than either or    
both4  ,a plumbline dropped from the    
summit of ,monte ,rosa through the      
mountain would be seven miles from      
,zermatt4  ,you first have your feet    
shod with a preparation of nearly one   

hundred double-pointed hobnails driven  
into the heels and soles4  ,in the      
afternoon you go up three thousand one  
hundred and sixteen feet to the         
,riffelhouse4  ,it is equal to going up 
three hundred flights of stairs of ten  
feet each2 that is1 you go up three     
hundred stories of your house--only     
there are no stairs1 and the path is on 
the outside of the house4  ,this takes  
three hours--an hour to each hundred    
stories2 after the custom of the hotels 
of this country1 you find that you have 
reached the first floor4  ,the next day 
you go up and down the ,goerner ,grat1  
equal to one hundred and seventy more   
stories1 for practice and a view        
unequaled in ,europe4  ,ordering the    
guide to be ready and the porter to call
 you at one o'clock1 you lie down to    
dream of the glorious revelations of the
 morrow4  ,the porter's rap came        
unexpectedly soon1 and in response to   
the question1 ,what is the weather8 he  
said1 ,not utterly bad4  ,there is      

plenty of starlight2 there had been     
through the night plenty of live thunder
 leaping among the rattling crags1 some 
of it very interestingly near4  ,we     
rose2 there were three parties ready to 
make the ascent4  ,the lightning still  
glimmered behind the ,matterhorn and the
 ,weisshorn1 and the sound of the       
tumbling cataracts was ominously        
distinct4  ,was the storm over8  ,the   
guides would give no opinion4  ,it was  
their interest to go1 it was ours to go 
only in good weather4  ,by three o'clock
 ,i noticed that the pointer on the     
aneroid barometer1 that instrument that 
has a kind of spiritual fineness of     
feeling1 had moved a tenth of an inch   
upward4  ,i gave the order to start4    
,the other parties said1 ,good for your 
pluck6  ,bon voyage1 gute reise1 and    
went to bed4  ,in an hour we had        
ascended one thousand feet and down     
again to the glacier4 ,the sky was      
brilliant4  ,hopes were high4  ,the     
glacier with its vast medial moraines1  

shoving along rocks from twenty to fifty
 feet long1 was crossed in the dawn4    
,the sun rose clear1 touching the       
snow-peaks with glory1 and we shouted   
victory4  ,but in a moment the sun was  
clouded1 and so were we4  ,soon it came 
out again1 and continued clear4 ,but the
 guide said1 ,only the good ,god knows  
if we shall have clear weather4  ,men   
get pious amid perils4  ,i thought of   
the aneroid1 and felt that the good ,god
 had confided his knowledge to one of   
his servants4  ,leaving the glacier1 we 
came to the real mountain4  ,six hours  
and a half will put one on the top1 but 
he ought to take eight4  ,i have no     
fondness for men who come to the ,alps  
to see how quickly they can do the      
ascents4  ,they simply proclaim that    
their object is not to see and enjoy1   
but to boast4  ,we go up the lateral    
moraine1 a huge ridge fifty feet high1  
with rocks in it ten feet square turned 
by the mighty plow of ice below4  ,we   
scramble up the rocks of the mountain4  

,hour after hour we toil upward4  ,at   
length we come to the snow-slopes1 and  
are all four roped together4  ,there are
 great crevasses1 fifty or a hundred    
feet deep1 with slight bridges of snow  
over them4  ,if a man drops in the rest 
must pull him out4  ,being heavier than 
any other man of the party ,i thrust a  
leg through one snow-bridge1 but ,i had 
just fixed my ice ax in the firm        
abutment and was saved the inconvenience
 and delay of dangling by a rope in a   
chasm4  ,the beauty of these cold blue  
ice vaults cannot be described4  ,they  
are often fringed with icicles4  ,in one
 place they had formed from an          
overhanging shelf1 reached the bottom1  
and then the shelf had melted away1     
leaving the icicles in an apparently    
reversed condition4  ,we passed one     
place where vast masses of ice had      
rolled down from above1 and we saw how a
 breath might start a new avalanche4    
,we were up in one of nature's grandest 
workshops4  ,how the view widened6  ,how

 the fleeting cloud and sunshine        
heightened the effect in the valley     
below6  ,the glorious air made us know  
what the man meant who every morning    
thanked ,god that he was alive4  ,some  
have little occasion to be thankful in  
that respect4  ,here we learned the use 
of a guide4  ,having carefully chosen   
him1 by testimony of persons having     
experience1 we were to follow him2 not  
only generally1 but step by step4  ,put 
each foot in his track4  ,he had trodden
 the snow to firmness4  ,but being      
heavier than he it often gave way under 
my pressure4  ,one such slump and       
recovery takes more strength than ten   
regular steps4  ,not so in following the
 ,guide to the fairer and greater       
heights of the next world4  ,he who     
carried this world and its burden of sin
 on his heart trod the quicksands of    
time into such firmness that no man     
walking in his steps1 however great his 
sins1 ever breaks down the track4  ,and 
just so in that upward way1 one fall and

 recovery takes more strength than ten  
rising steps4  ,meanwhile1 what of the  
weather8  ,uncertainty4  ,avalanches    
thundered from the ,breithorn and       
,lyskamm1 telling of a penetrative      
moisture in the air4  ,the ,matterhorn  
refused to take in its signal flags of  
storm4 ,still the sun shone clear4  ,we 
had put in six of the eight hours' work 
of ascent when snow began to fall4      
,soon it was too thick to see far4 ,we  
came to a chasm that looked vast in the 
deception of the storm4  ,it was only   
twenty feet wide4  ,getting round this  
the storm deepened till we could        
scarcely see one another4  ,there was no
 mountain1 no sky4  ,we halted of       
necessity4  ,the guide said1 ,go back4  
,i said1 ,wait4  ,we waited in wind1    
hail1 and snow till all vestige of the  
track by which we had come--our only    
guide back if the storm continued--was  
lost except the holes made by the       
,alpenstocks4  ,the snow drifted over1  
and did not fill these so quickly4  ,not

 knowing but that the storm might last  
two days1 as is frequently the case1 ,i 
reluctantly gave the order to go down4  
,in an hour we got below the storm4     
,the valley into which we looked was    
full of brightest sunshine2 the mountain
 above us looked like a cowled monk4    
,in another hour the whole sky was      
perfectly clear4  ,o that ,i had kept my
 faith in my aneroid6  ,had ,i held to  
the faith that started me in the        
morning--endured the storm1 not wavered 
at suggestions of peril1 defied apparent
 knowledge of local guides--and then    
been able to surmount the difficulty of 
the new-fallen snow1 ,i should have been
 favored with such a view as is not     
enjoyed once in ten years2 for men      
cannot go up all the way in storm1 nor  
soon enough after to get all the benefit
 of the cleared air4  ,better things    
were prepared for me than ,i knew2      
indications of them offered to my faith2
 they were firmly grasped1 and held     
almost long enough for realization1 and 

then let go in an hour of darkness and  
storm4  ,i reached the ,riffelhouse     
after eleven hours' struggle with rocks 
and softened snow1 and said to the      
guide1 ,to-morrow ,i start for the      
,matterhorn4  ,to do this we go down the
 three hundred stories to ,zermatt4     
,every mountain excursion ,i ever made  
has been in the highest degree          
profitable4  ,even this one1 though     
robbed of its hoped-for culmination1 has
 been one of the richest ,i have ever   
enjoyed4     ,,the ,,matterhorn  ,the   
,matterhorn is peculiar4  ,i do not know
 of another mountain like it on the     
earth4  ,there are such splintered and  
precipitous spires on the moon4  ,how it
 came to be such ,i treated of fully in 
,sights and ,insights4  ,it is          
approximately a three-sided mountain1   
fourteen thousand seven hundred and     
eighteen feet high1 whose sides are so  
steep as to be unassailable4  ,approach 
can be made only along the angle at the 
junction of the planes4  ,illustration3 

,the ,matterhorn4  ,it was long supposed
 to be inaccessible4  ,assault after    
assault was made on it by the best and  
most ambitious ,alp climbers1 but it    
kept its virgin height untrodden4       
,however1 in #ahfd1 seven men1 almost   
unexpectedly1 achieved the victory2 but 
in descending four of them were         
precipitated1 down an almost            
perpendicular declivity1 four thousand  
feet4  ,they had achieved the summit    
after hundreds of others had failed4    
,they had reveled in the upper glories1 
deposited proof of their visit1 and     
started to return4  ,according to law1  
they were roped together4  ,according to
 custom1 in a difficult place all remain
 still1 holding the rope1 except one who
 carefully moves on4  ,croz1 the first  
guide1 was reaching up to take the feet 
of ,mr4 ,haddow and help him down to    
where he stood4  ,suddenly ,haddow's    
strength failed1 or he slipped and      
struck ,croz on the shoulders1 knocking 
him off his narrow footing4 ,they two   

immediately jerked off ,rev4 ,mr4       
,hudson4  ,the three falling jerked off 
,lord ,francis ,douglas4  ,four were    
loose and falling2 only three left on   
the rocks4  ,just then the rope somehow 
parted1 and all four dropped that great 
fraction of a mile4  ,the mountain      
climber makes a sad pilgrimage to the   
graves of three of them in ,zermatt2 the
 fourth probably fell in a crevasse of  
the glacier at the foot1 and may be     
brought to the sight of friends in      
perhaps two score years1 when the river 
of ice shall have moved down into the   
valleys where the sun has power to melt 
away the ice4  ,this accident gave the  
mountain a reputation for danger to     
which an occasional death on it since   
has added4  ,each of these later        
unfortunate occurrences is attributable 
to personal perversity or deficiency4   
,peril depends more on the man than on  
circumstances4  ,one is in danger on a  
wall twenty feet high1 another safe on a
 precipice of a thousand feet4  ,no man 

has a right to peril his life in mere   
mountain climbing2 that great sacrifice 
must be reserved for saving others1 or  
for establishing moral principle4  ,the 
morning after coming from ,monte ,rosa  
myself and son left ,zermatt at half    
past seven for the top of the           
,matterhorn1 twelve hours distant1 under
 the guidance of ,peter ,knubel1 his    
brother1 and ,peter ,truffer1 three of  
the best guides for this work in the    
country4  ,in an hour the dwellings of  
the mountain-loving people are left     
behind1 the tree limit is passed soon   
after1 the grass cheers us for three    
hours1 when we enter on the wide        
desolation of the moraines4  ,here is a 
little chapel4 ,i entered it as         
reverently and prayed as earnestly for  
,god's will1 not mine1 to be done as ,i 
ever did in my life1 and ,i am confident
 that amid the unutterable grandeur that
 succeeded ,i felt his presence and help
 as fully as at any other time4  ,at ten
 minutes of two we were roped together  

and feeling our way carefully in the cut
 steps on a glacier so steep that1      
standing erect1 one could put his hand  
upon it4  ,we were on this nearly an    
hour4  ,just as we left it for the rocks
 a great noise above1 and a little to   
the south1 attracted attention4  ,a vast
 mass of stone had detached itself from 
the overhanging cliff at the top1 and   
falling on the steep slope had broken   
into a hundred pieces4  ,these went     
bounding down the side in long leaps4   
,wherever one struck a cloud of powdered
 stone leaped into the air1 till the    
whole mountain side smoked and thundered
 with the grand cannonade4  ,the omen   
augured to me that the mountain was     
going to do its best for our reception  
and entertainment4  ,fortunately these  
rock avalanches occur on the steep1     
unapproachable sides1 and not at the    
angle where men climb4  ,how the        
mountain grew upon us as we clung to its
 sides6  ,when the great objects below  
had changed to littleness the heights   

above seemed greater than ever4  ,at    
half past four we came to a             
perpendicular height of twenty feet1    
with a slight slope above4  ,down this  
precipice hung a rope2 there was also an
 occasional projection of an inch or two
 of stone for the mailed foot4  ,at the 
top1 on a little shelf1 under hundreds  
of feet of overhanging rock1 some stones
 had been built round and over a little 
space for passing the night4  ,the rude 
cabin occupied all the width of the     
shelf1 so that passing to its other end 
there was not room to walk without      
holding on by one's hands in the        
crevices of the wall4  ,we were now at  
home2 had taken nine hours to do what   
could be done in eight4  ,what an eyrie 
in which to sleep6  ,below us was a     
sheer descent1 of a thousand or two     
feet1 to the glacier4  ,above us towered
 the crest of the mountain1 seemingly   
higher than ever4  ,the sharp shadow of 
the lofty pyramid lengthened toward     
,monte ,rosa4  ,italy lifted up its     

mountains tipped with sunshine to cheer 
us4  ,the ,obernese ,alps1 beyond the   
,rhone1 answered with numerous torches  
to light us to our sleep4  ,according to
 prearrangement1 at eight o'clock we    
kindled a light on our crag to tell our 
friends in ,zermatt that we had         
accomplished the first stage of our     
journey4  ,they answered instantly with 
a cheery blaze1 and we lay down to      
sleep4  ,when four of us lay together ,i
 was so crowded against the wall that ,i
 thought if it should give way ,i could 
fall two thousand feet out of bed       
without possibility of stopping on the  
way4  ,the ice was two feet thick on the
 floor1 and by reason of the scarcity of
 bedding ,i was reminded of the damp1   
chilly sheets of some unaired           
guest-chambers4  ,i do not think ,i     
slept a moment1 but ,i passed the night 
in a most happy1 thoughtful1 and        
exultant frame of mind4  ,at half past  
three in the morning we were roped      
together--fifteen feet of rope between  

each two men--for the final three or    
four hours' work4 ,it is everywhere     
steep2 it is every minute hands and feet
 on the rocks2 sometimes you cling with 
fingers1 elbows1 knees1 and feet1 and   
are tempted to add the nose and chin4   
,where it is least steep the guide's    
heels are right in your face2 when it is
 precipitous you only see a line of rope
 before you4  ,we make the final pause  
an hour before the top4  ,here every    
weight and the fear that so easily      
besets one must be laid aside4  ,no part
 of the way has seemed so difficult2 not
 even that just past--when we rounded a 
shoulder on the ice for sixty feet1     
sometimes not over twenty inches wide1  
on the verge of a precipice four        
thousand feet high4  ,to this day ,i can
 see the wrinkled form of that far-down 
glacier below1 though ,i took care not  
to make more than one glance at it4     
,the rocks become smoother and steeper1 
if possible4  ,a chain or rope trails   
from above in four places4  ,you have   

good hope that it is well secured1 and  
wish you were lighter1 as you go up hand
 over hand4  ,then a beautiful slope for
 hands1 knees1 and feet for half an     
hour1 and the top is reached at half    
past six4  ,the view is sublime4  ,moses
 on ,pisgah could have had no such      
vision4 ,he had knowledge added of the  
future grandeur of his people1 but such 
a revelation as this tells so clearly   
what ,god can do for his people         
hereafter that that element of ,moses's 
enjoyment can be perceived1 if not fully
 appreciated4  ,all the well-known      
mountains stand up like friends to cheer
 us4  ,mont ,blanc has the smile of the 
morning sun to greet us withal4  ,monte 
,rosa chides us for not partaking of her
 prepared visions4  ,the kingdoms of the
 world--,france1 ,switzerland1          
,italy--are at our feet4  ,one hundred  
and twenty snow-peaks flame like huge   
altar piles in the morning sun4  ,the   
exhilarant air gives ecstasy to body1   
the new visions intensity of feeling to 

soul4  ,the ,old ,world has sunk out of 
sight4  ,this is ,mount ,zion1 the city 
of ,god4  ,new ,jerusalem has come down 
out of heaven adorned as a bride for her
 husband4  ,the pavements are like glass
 mingled with fire4  ,the gates of the  
morning are pearl4  ,the walls1 near or 
far according to your thought1 are like 
jasper and sapphire4  ,the glory of ,god
 and of the ,lamb lightens it4  ,but we 
must descend1 though it is good to be   
here4  ,it is even more difficult and   
tedious than the ascent4  ,non facilis  
descensus4  ,with your face to the      
mountain you have only the present      
surface and the effort for that instant4
  ,but when you turn your back on the   
mountain the imminent danger appears4   
,it is not merely ahead1 but the sides  
are much more dangerous4  ,on the way   
down we had more cannonades4  ,in six   
hours we were off the cliffs1 and by    
half past three we had let ourselves    
down1 inch by inch1 to ,zermatt1 a      
distance of nine thousand four hundred  

feet4  ,looking up to the ,matterhorn   
this next morning after the climb1 ,i   
feel for it a personal affection4  ,it  
has put more pictures of grandeur into  
my being than ever entered in such a way
 before4  ,it is grand enough to bear   
acquaintance4  ,people who view it from 
a distance must be strangers4  ,it has  
been1 and ever will be1 a great example 
and lofty monument of my ,father's      
power4  ,he taketh up the isles as a    
very little thing2 he toucheth the      
mountains and they smoke4  ,the strength
 of the hills is his also2 and he has   
made all things for his children1 and   
waits to do greater things than these4  
,,the ,,grand ,,canon ,,of ,,the        
,,colorado ,,river  ,before me lies a   
thin bit of red rock1 rippled as        
delicately as a woman's hair1 bearing   
marks of raindrops that came from the   
south4  ,it was once soft clay4  ,it was
 laid down close to the igneous         
,archaean rocks when ,mother ,earth was 
in her girlhood and water first began to

 flow4  ,more clay flowed over1 and all 
was hardened into rock4  ,many strata1  
variously colored and composed1 were    
deposited1 till our bit of beauty was   
buried thousands of feet deep4  ,the    
strata were tilted variously and abraded
 wondrously1 for our earth has been     
treated very much as the fair-armed     
bread-maker treats the lump of dough she
 doubles and kneads on the molding      
board4  ,other rocks of a much harder   
nature1 composed in part of the shells  
of inexpressible multitudes of ,ocean's 
infusoria1 were laid down from the      
superincumbent sea4  ,still the delicate
 ripple marks were preserved4  ,nature's
 vast library was being formed1 and on  
this scrap of a leaf not a letter was   
lost4  ,beside this stone now lies      
another of the purest white4  ,it once  
flowed as water impregnated with lime1  
and clung to the lower side of a rock   
now as high above the sea as many a     
famous mountain4  ,the water gradually  
evaporated1 and the lime still hung like

 tiny drops4  ,between the two stones   
now so near together was once a         
perpendicular distance of more than a   
mile of impenetrable rock4  ,how did    
they ever get together8  ,let us see4   
,after the rock making1 by the deposit  
of clay1 limestone1 etc41 this vast     
plain was lifted seven thousand feet    
above the sea and rimmed round with     
mountains4  ,perhaps in being afterward 
volcanically tossed in one of this old  
world's spasms an irregular crack ripped
 its way along a few hundred miles4     
,into this crack rushed a great river1  
perhaps also an inland ocean or vast    
,lake ,superior1 of which ,salt ,lake   
may be a little remnant puddle4  ,these 
tumultuous waters proceeded to          
pulverize1 dissolve1 and carry away     
these six thousand feet of rock         
deposited between the two stones4       
,there was fall enough to make forty    
,niagaras4  ,i was once where a deluge  
of rain had fallen a few days before in 
a mountain valley4  ,it tore loose some 

huge rocks and plunged down a precipice 
of one thousand feet4  ,the rock at the 
bottom was crushed under the frightful  
weight of the tumbling superincumbent   
mass1 and every few minutes the top     
became the bottom4  ,in one hour        
millions of tons of rock were crushed to
 pebbles and spread for miles over the  
plain1 filling up a whole village to the
 roofs of the houses4  ,i knew three    
villages utterly destroyed by a rush of 
water only ten feet deep4 ,water and    
gravitation make a frightful plow4      
,here some prehistoric ,mississippi     
turned its mighty furrows4  ,the        
,colorado ,river is one of our great    
rivers4  ,it is over two thousand miles 
long1 reaches from near our northern to 
beyond our southern border1 and drains  
three hundred thousand square miles of  
the west side of the ,rocky ,mountains4 
,great as it remains1 it is a mere      
thread to what it once was4  ,it is easy
 to see that there were several epochs  
of work4  ,suppose the first one took   

off the upper limestone rock to the     
depth of several thousand feet4  ,this  
cutting is of various widths4 ,just here
 it is eighteen miles wide2 but as such 
rocks are of varying hardness there are 
many promontories that distinctly       
project out1 say1 half a mile from the  
general rim line1 and rising in the     
center are various ,catskill and        
,holyoke mountains1 with defiantly      
perpendicular sides1 that persisted in  
resisting the mighty rush of waters4    
,the outer portions of their foundations
 were cut away by the mighty flood and1 
as the ages went by1 occasionally the   
sides thundered into the chasm1 leaving 
the wall positively perpendicular4  ,we 
may now suppose the ocean waters nearly 
exhausted and only the mighty rivers    
that had made that ocean were left to   
flow2 indeed1 the rising ,sierras of    
some range unknown at the present may   
have shut off whole oceans of rain4     
,the rivers that remained began to cut a
 much narrower channel into the softer  

sand and clay-rock below4  ,from the    
great mountain-rimmed plateau rivers    
poured in at the sides1 cutting lateral 
canons down to the central flow4        
,between these stand the little         
,holyokes aforesaid1 with greatly       
narrowed base4  ,i go down with most    
reverent awe and pick the little        
ripple-rain-marked leaf out of its place
 in the book of nature1 a veritable     
table of stone written by the finger of 
,god1 and bring it up and lay it        
alongside of one formed1 eons after1 at 
the top4  ,they be brothers both1 formed
 by the same forces and for the same    
end4  ,standing by this stupendous work 
of nature day after day1 ,i try to      
stretch my mind to some large           
computation of the work done4  ,a whole 
day is taken to go down the gorge to the
 river4  ,it takes seven miles of zigzag
 trail1 sometimes frightfully steep1    
along shelves not over two feet wide1   
under rock thousands of feet above and  
going down thousands of feet below1 to  

get down that perpendicular mile4  ,it  
was an immense day's work4  ,the day was
 full of perceptions of the grandeur of 
vast rock masses never before suggested1
 except by the mighty mass of the       
,matterhorn seen close by from its      
,hoernli shoulder4  ,there was the      
river--a regular freight train1 running 
day and night1 the track unincumbered   
with returning cars 7they were returned 
by the elevated road of the upper       
air7--burdened with dissolved rock and  
earth4  ,a slip into this river scarcely
 seemed to wet the foot2 it seemed      
rather to coat it thickly with mud      
rescued from its plunge toward the sea4 
,what unimaginable amounts the larger   
river must have carried in uncounted    
ages6  ,in the short time the           
,mississippi has been at work it has    
built out the land at its mouth one     
hundred miles into the ,gulf4  ,in the  
side canon down which we worked our     
sublime and toilful way it was easy to  
see the work done4  ,sometimes the      

fierce torrent would pile the bottom of 
a side canon with every variety of      
stone1 from the wall a mile high1 into  
one tremendous heap of conglomerate4    
,the next rush of waters would tear a   
channel through this and pour millions  
of tons into the main river4  ,for years
 ,boston toiled1 in feeble imitation of 
,milton's angels1 to bring the ,milton  
,hills into the back ,bay and ,south    
,boston ,flats4  ,boston made more land 
than the city originally contained1 but 
it did not move a teaspoonful compared  
with these excavations4  ,the section   
traversed that day seemed while we were 
in it like a mighty chasm1 a world half 
rent asunder1 full of vast sublimities1 
but the next day1 seen from the rim as a
 part of the mighty whole1 it appeared  
comparatively little4  ,one gets new    
meanings of the words almighty1         
eternity1 infinity1 in the presence of  
things done that seem to require them   
all4  ,in #ahfi ,major ,j4 ,w4 ,powell1 
aided by nine men1 attempted to pass    

down this tumultuous river with four    
boats specially constructed for the     
purpose4  ,in ninety-eight days he had  
made one thousand miles1 much of it in  
extremest peril4  ,for weeks there was  
no possibility of climbing to the       
plateau above4  ,any great scene in     
nature is like the woman you fall in    
love with at first sight for some pose  
of head1 queenly carriage1 auroral flush
 of color1 penetrative music of voice1  
or a glance of soul through its         
illumined windows4  ,you do not know    
much about her1 but in long years of    
heroic endurance of trials1 in the great
 dignity of motherhood1 in the          
unspeakable comfortings that are        
scarcely short of godlike1 and in the   
supernal1 ineffable beauty and          
loveliness that cover it all1 you find a
 richness and worth of which the most   
ardent lover never dreamed4 ,the first  
sight of the canon often brings strong  
men to their knees in awe and adoration4
  ,the gorge at ,niagara is one hundred 

and fifty feet deep2 it is far short of 
this1 which is six thousand six hundred 
and forty4  ,great is the first         
impression1 but in the longer and closer
 acquaintance every sense of beauty is  
flooded to the utmost4  ,the next       
morning ,i was out before jocund day    
stood tiptoe on the breezy mountain     
tops4  ,i have seen many sunrises ,in   
this world and one other3 ,i have       
watched the moon slowly rolling its deep
 valleys for weeks into its morning     
sunlight4  ,i knew what to expect4  ,but
 nature always surpasses expectations4  
,the sinuosities of the rim sent back   
their various colors4  ,a hundred domes 
and spires1 wind sculptured and water   
sculptured1 reached up like ,memnon to  
catch the first light of the sun1 and   
seemed to me to break out into          
,memnonian music4  ,as the world rolled 
the steady light penetrated deeper1     
shadows diminished1 light spaces        
broadened and multiplied1 till it seemed
 as if a new creation were veritably    

going forward and a new ,let there be   
light had been uttered4  ,i had seen it 
for the first time the night before in  
the mellow light of a nearly full moon1 
but the sunlight really seemed to make1 
in respect to breadth1 depth1 and       
definiteness1 a new creation4  ,one     
peculiar effect ,i never noticed        
elsewhere4  ,it is well known that the  
blue sky is not blue and there is no    
sky4  ,blue is the color of the         
atmosphere1 and when seen in the miles  
deep overhead1 or condensed in a jar1 it
 shows its own true color4  ,so1 looking
 into this inconceivable canon1 the true
 color came out most beauteously4       
,there was a background of red and      
yellowish rocks4  ,these made the cold  
blue blush with warm color4  ,the       
sapphire was backed with sardonyx1 and  
the bluish white of the chalcedony was  
half pellucid to the gold chrysolite    
behind it4  ,god was laying the         
foundation of his perfect city there1   
and the light of it seemed fit for the  

redeemed to walk in1 and to have been   
made by the luminousness of ,him who is 
light4  ,one great purpose of this world
 is its use as significant symbol and   
hint of the world to come4  ,the        
communication of ideas and feelings     
there is not by slow1 clumsy speech1    
often misunderstood1 originally made to 
express low physical wants1 but it is by
 charade1 panorama1 parable1 and music  
rolling like the voice of many waters in
 a storm4 ,the greatest things and      
relations of earth are as hintful of    
greater things as a bit of float ore in 
the plains is suggestive of boundless   
mines in the upper hills4  ,so the joy  
of finding one lost lamb in the         
wilderness tells of the joy of finding  
and saving a human soul4  ,one should   
never go to any of ,god's great wonders 
to see sights1 but to live life2 to read
 in them the figures1 symbols1 and types
 of the more wonderful things in the new
 heavens and the new earth4  ,the old   
,hebrew prophets and poets saw ,god     

everywhere in nature4  ,the floods clap 
their hands and the hills are joyful    
together before the ,lord4  ,miss       
,proctor1 in the ,yosemite1 caught the  
same lofty spirit1 and sang3            
,perpetual masses here intone1          
,uncounted censers swing1   ,a psalm on 
every breeze is blown2   ,the echoing   
peaks from throne to throne     ,greet  
the indwelling ,king2   ,the ,lord1 the 
,lord is everywhere1   ,and             
seraph-tongued are earth and air4       
,,the ,,yellowstone ,,park ,,geysers    
,,their ,,essential ,,facts ,,and       
,,causes  ,i have been to school4  ,dame
 ,nature is a most kind and skillful    
teacher4  ,she first put me into the    
,,abc class1 and advanced me through    
conic sections4  ,the first thing in the
 geyser line she showed me was a mound  
of rock1 large as a small cock of hay1  
with a projection on top large as a     
shallow pint bowl turned upside down4   
,in the center of this was a half-inch  
hole1 and from it every two seconds1    

with a musical chuckle of steam1 a      
handful of diamond drops of water was   
ejected to a height of from two to five 
feet4  ,i sat down with it half an hour1
 compelled to continuous laughter by its
 own musical cachinnations4 ,there were 
all the essentials of a geyser4  ,there 
was a mound1 not always existent1 built 
up by deposits from the water           
supersaturated with mineral4  ,it might 
be three feet high2 it might be thirty4 
,there was the jet of water ejected by  
subterranean forces4  ,it might be half 
an inch in diameter2 it might be three  
hundred feet1 as in the case of the     
,excelsior geyser4  ,it might rise six  
inches2 it might rise two hundred and   
fifty feet4  ,there was the interval    
between the jets4  ,it might be two     
seconds2 it might be weeks or years4    
,illustration3 ,formation of the ,grotto
 ,geyser4  ,a subsequent lesson in my   
,progressive ,geyser ,reader was the    
,economic4 ,here was a round basin ten  
feet in diameter1 very shallow1 with a  

hole in the middle about one foot       
across4  ,the water was perfectly calm4 
,but every six minutes a sudden spurt of
 water and steam would rise about thirty
 feet1 for thirty seconds1 and then     
settle economically1 without waste of   
water1 into the pool1 sinking with      
pulsations as on an elastic cushion a   
foot below the bottom of the pool4  ,one
 could stride the opening like a        
colossus for five and one half minutes  
without fear4 ,he might be using the    
calm depth for a mirror4  ,but stay a   
moment too long and he is scalded to    
death by the sudden outburst4  ,the next
 lesson required more patience and gave 
more abundant reward4 ,i found a great  
raised platform on which stood a        
castellated rock1 more than twenty feet 
square1 that had been built up particle 
by particle into a perfect solid by     
deposits from the fiery flood4  ,in the 
center was a brilliant orange-colored   
throat that went down into the bowels of
 the earth4  ,that was not the          

geyser--it was only the trump through   
which the archangel was to blow4  ,i had
 heard the preliminary tuning of the    
instrument4  ,the guide book said the   
grand play of this ,castle geyser began 
from eight to thirty hours after a      
previous exhibition1 and was preceded by
 jets of water fifteen to twenty feet   
high1 and that these continued five or  
six hours before the grand eruption4  ,i
 hovered near the grand stand till the  
full thirty hours and the six predictive
 hours were over1 and then1 as the      
thunder above roared threateningly and  
the rain fell suggestively1 ,i took a   
rubber coat and camped on the trail of  
that famous spouter4  ,geysers are more 
than a trifle freaky4  ,old ,faithful is
 a notable exception4  ,every sixty-five
 minutes1 with almost the regularity of 
star time1 he throws his column of      
hissing water one hundred and fifty feet
 high4  ,others are irregular1 sometimes
 playing every three hours for a few    
times1 and then taking a rest for three 

or more days4  ,this ,castle geyser is  
not registered to be quiet more than    
thirty hours1 nor to indulge in         
preparatory spouts for more than six    
hours4  ,when ,i finally camped to watch
 it out all these premonitory symptoms  
had been duly exhibited4  ,i first      
carefully noted the frequency and height
 of the spouts1 that any change might   
foretell the grand finale4  ,there were 
ten spouts to the minute1 and an average
 height of twenty feet4 ,hours went by  
with no hint of a change3 ten to the    
minute1 twenty feet in height4  ,people 
by the dozen came and asked when it     
would go off4  ,i said1 ,liable to go   
any minute2 it is long past due now4    
,stage loads of tourists1 scheduled to  
run on time1 drove up1 waited a few     
minutes1 and drove on1 as if the grand  
object of the trip was to make time--not
 to see the grandeur they had come a    
thousand miles to enjoy4  ,a            
photographer set up his camera to catch 
a shadow of the great display4 ,he      

stood1 sometimes air-bulb in hand1 an   
hour or two1 then folded his camera tent
 and stole away4  ,five hours had passed
 and night was near4 ,everybody was     
gone4  ,i lay down on the ground to     
convince myself that ,i was perfectly   
patient4  ,i attained so nearly to      
,nirvana that a little ground squirrel  
came and ran over me1 kissing my hand in
 a most friendly way4  ,six hours of    
waiting were nearly over when1 without a
 single previous hint of change1 one    
descending spout was met by an ascending
 one1 and a vast column of hissing water
 rose1 with a sound of continuous       
thunder1 one hundred feet in air2 and   
stood there like a pillar of cloud in   
the desert4  ,the air throbbed as in a  
cannonade1 and the sun brushed away all 
clouds as if he could not bear to miss a
 sight he had seen perhaps a million    
times4  ,then the top of this upward    
,niagara bent over like the calyx of a  
calla1 and the downward ,niagara covered
 all that elevated masonry with a       

rushing cascade4  ,shifting my position 
a little1 ,i could see that the sun was 
thrilling the whole glorious outpour    
with rainbows4  ,at such times one can  
neither measure nor express emotions by 
words4  ,in the thunder which anyone can
 hear there is always1 for all who can  
receive it1 the ineffably sweet voice of
 the ,father saying1 ,thou art my       
beloved son1 and all this grand display 
is for thy precious sake4  ,in sixteen  
minutes the flow of waters ceased1 and a
 rush of saturated steam succeeded4  ,at
 the same time the fierce swish of      
ascending waters and of descending      
cascades ceased1 and a clear1 definite  
note1 as of a trumpet1 exceeding long   
and loud1 was blown4  ,no archangel     
could have done better4  ,as the steam  
rolled skyward it was condensed1 and a  
very heavy rain fell on about an acre at
 the east as it was drifted by the air4 
,it looked more like lines of water than
 separated drops4  ,i found it          
thoroughly cooled by its flight in the  

upper air4  ,i climbed the huge natural 
masonry1 and stood on the top4  ,i could
 have put my hand into the hot rushing  
of measureless power4  ,what a sight it 
was6  ,there were the brilliant colors  
of the throat1 open1 three feet wide1   
and the dazzling whiteness of the steam4
  ,at thirty-two minutes from the       
beginning the steam suddenly became     
drier1 like that close to the spout of a
 kettle1 or close to the whistle of an  
engine4  ,all pure steam is invisible4  
,at the same time the note of the       
trumpet distinctly changed4  ,the heavy 
rain at the east as suddenly stopped4   
,the air could absorb the present amount
 of moisture4  ,one could see farther   
down the terrible throat that seemed    
about to be rent asunder4 ,the awful    
grandeur was becoming too much for human
 endurance4  ,the contorted forms of    
rocks on the summit began to take the   
forms and heads of dragons1 such as the 
,chinese carve on their monuments4  ,the
 awful column began to change its effect

 from terror to fascination1 and ,i knew
 how ,empedocles felt when he flung     
himself into the burning ,aetna4  ,it   
was time to get down and stand further  
off4  ,illustration3 ,bee-,hive ,geyser4
  ,the long waiting had been rewarded4  
,to patient faith the prize is sure4    
,the grand tumult began to subside4  ,it
 was beyond all my expectations4        
,nature never disappoints1 for she is of
 ,god and in her he yet immanently      
abides4  ,the next day the sky and all  
the air were full of falling rain4  ,how
 could it be otherwise8  ,it was the    
geyser returning to earth4  ,i sought   
the place4  ,the awful trumpet was      
silent1 and the steam exhaled as gently 
as a sleeping baby's breath4  ,only one 
more lesson will be recited at present4 
,i had just arrived in camp when they   
told me that the ,splendid geyser1 after
 two days of quiet1 was showing signs of
 uneasiness4  ,i immediately went out to
 study my lesson4  ,there was a little  
hill of very gentle slopes1 a little    

pool at the top1 three holes at the west
 side of it1 with a dozen sputtering hot
 springs scattered about1 while in a    
direct line at the east1 within one     
hundred and forty feet1 were the ,comet1
 the ,daisy1 and another geyser4  ,the  
,daisy was a beauty1 playing forty feet 
high every two or four hours4   ,all the
 slopes were constantly flowing with hot
 water4  ,this general survey was no    
sooner taken than our glorious ,splendid
 began to play4  ,the roaring column1   
tinted with the sunset glories1         
gradually climbed to a height of two    
hundred feet1 leaned a little to the    
southeast1 and bent like a glorious arch
 of triumph to the earth1 almost as     
solid on its descending as on its       
ascending side4 ,no wonder it is named  
,splendid4  ,whoever has studied        
waterfalls of great height--,i have seen
 nearly forty justly famous falls--has  
noticed that when a column or mass of   
water makes the fearful plunge smaller  
masses of water are constantly feathered

 off at the sides and delayed by the    
resistance of the air1 while the central
 mass hurries downward by its           
concentrated weight4 ,the general       
appearance is that of numerous          
spearheads with serrated edges1         
feathered with light1 thrust from some  
celestial armory into the writhing pool 
of agonized waters below4  ,in the      
geyser one gets this effect both in the 
ascending and in the descending flood4  
,four times that first night dear old   
,splendid lured me from my bed to watch 
her ,titanic play in the full light of  
the moon4  ,during all this time not a  
hot spring ceased its boiling1 nor a    
smaller geyser its wondrous play1 for   
this gigantic outburst of power that    
might well have absorbed every energy   
for a mile around4  ,obviously they have
 no connection4  ,then my beloved       
,splendid settled into a three-days'    
rest4  ,these are the essential facts of
 geyser display4  ,there are very many  
variations of performance in every      

respect1 ,i have seen over twenty       
geysers in almost jocular1 and certainly
 in overwhelmingly magnificent1         
activity4    ,to him who in the love of 
nature holds   ,communion with her      
visible forms1 she speaks   ,a various  
language4   ,,what ,,are ,,the ,,causes8
  ,what is the power that can throw a   
stream of water two by six feet over the
 tops of the highest skyscrapers of     
,chicago8  ,it is heat manifested in the
 expansive power of steam4  ,scientists 
have theorized long and experimented    
patiently to read the open book of this 
tremendous manifestation of             
uncontrollable energy4  ,at first the   
form and action of a teakettle was      
supposed to be explanatory4  ,everyone  
knows that when steam accumulates under 
the lid it forces a gentle stream of    
water from the higher nozzle4  ,this    
fact was made the basis of a theory to  
account for geysers by ,sir ,george     
,mackenzie in #ahaa4  ,but to suppose   
that nature has gone into the teakettle 

manufacturing business to the extent of 
thirty such kettles in a space of four  
square miles was seen to be             
preposterous4  ,so the construction     
theory was given up4  ,but suppose a    
tube 7how it is made will be explained  
later71 large or small1 regular or      
irregular1 to extend far into the earth1
 near or through any great source of    
heat resulting from condensation1       
combustion1 chemical action1 or central 
fire4  ,now suppose this tube to be     
filled with water from surface or       
subterranean sources4  ,heat converts   
water1 under the pressure of one        
atmosphere1 or fifteen pounds to the    
square inch1 into steam at a temperature
 of two hundred and twelve degrees4     
,but under greater pressure more heat is
 required to make steam4  ,the water    
never leaps and bubbles in an engine    
boiler4 ,the awful pressure compels it  
to be quiet4  ,a cubic inch of water    
will make a cubic foot--one thousand    
seven hundred and twenty-eight times as 

much--of steam under the pressure of one
 atmosphere4  ,but under the pressure of
 a column of water one thousand feet    
high1 giving a pressure of four hundred 
and thirty-two pounds to the square inch
 at the bottom1 water becomes steam1 if 
at all1 only by great heat4  ,every     
engineer knows that the pressure exerted
 by steam increases by great geometrical
 ratios as the heat increases by small  
arithmetical ratios4  ,steam made by two
 hundred and twelve degrees exerts a    
pressure1 as we have said1 of fifteen   
pounds4  ,to simply double the two      
hundred and twelve degrees of heat      
increases the steam pressure            
twenty-three times4  ,now suppose the   
subterranean tube or lake of ,old       
,faithful to be freshly filled with its 
million gallons of water4  ,sufficient  
heat makes steam under any pressure4    
,it rises up the tube and is condensed  
to water again by the colder water      
above4  ,hence no commotion4  ,but the  
whole volume of water grows hotter for  

an hour4  ,when it is too hot to absorb 
the steam1 and the tube is too narrow to
 let the amount made bubble up through  
the water1 it lifts the whole mass with 
a sudden jerk4  ,the instant the        
pressure of the water is taken off in   
any degree1 the water below1 that was   
kept water by the pressure1 breaks into 
steam most voluminously1 and the        
measureless power floods the earth and  
sky with water and steam4  ,it is also  
known that superheated steam suddenly   
takes on such great power that no boiler
 can hold it4  ,once let the water in a 
boiler get very low and no boiler can   
hold the force of the resultant         
superheated steam4  ,the same heat that1
 applied to water1 gives perfect safety1
 applied to steam gives utter           
destruction4  ,hence the amazing force  
of the vast jets of the geyser that     
follow the first spurts4  ,as soon as   
the steam is blown off the subterranean 
waterworks fill the tube and the process
 is repeated4  ,this modus operandi was 

first proposed as a theory by ,bunsen in
 #ahdf1 and later was demonstrated by   
the artificial geyser of ,professor ,j4 
,h4 ,j4 ,muller1 of ,freiburg4          
,illustration3 ,pulpit ,terrace and     
,bunsen ,peak4   ,,mounds ,,of ,,mineral
 ,,deposits  ,i have the extremely      
difficult task of representing emotions 
by words--glories of color and form seen
 by the eye by symbols meant to be      
addressed to the ear4  ,before seeking  
to describe the diverse colors made     
largely by one substance1 let us        
remember that while silica1 the         
principal part of these water-built     
mounds1 is one of the three parts of    
granite1 namely1 the white crystal      
quartz1 it is also the substance of the 
beautifully variegated jasper1 the lapis
 lazuli1 the green malachite1 and the   
opal1 with its cloudy milk-whiteness    
through which flashes its heart of fire4
  ,silica and alumina combine to make   
common clay1 but alumina forms itself   
into the red ruby1 the golden-tinted    

topaz1 the violet oriental amethyst1 the
 red1 white1 yellow1 and violet         
sapphire1 and the beautiful green       
emerald4  ,with substances of such rare 
capabilities we may expect rich results 
in color and form4  ,we turn now to     
deposits from water of these two        
substances1 especially the first4       
,about the ,old ,faithful geyser is a   
mound about one hundred and forty-five  
feet broad at the base1 twelve feet     
high1 jeweled over with pools of beauty 
of every shape1 beaded and fretted with 
glories of color never seen before      
except in the sky4  ,how were they made8
  ,water is a general solvent4  ,it can 
take into its substance several similar 
bulks of other substances without       
greatly increasing its own1 some        
actually diminishing it4  ,hot alkaline 
water will dissolve even silica rock4   
,when water is saturated with sugar1    
salt1 or other substance1 if a little or
 much water is evaporated some of the   
saturating substance must be deposited  

as a solid4  ,all crystals1 as quartz or
 diamonds1 have been made by deposits   
from water4  ,hot water can hold in     
solution much more of a solid than cold 
water4  ,therefore1 when hot water comes
 out of the earth and is cooled1 some of
 the saturating substance must be       
deposited as a solid4  ,it is done in   
various ways1 especially two4  ,suppose 
a little pool with perpendicular sides1 
say twenty feet across4 ,it leaps and   
boils two feet high4  ,it deposits      
nothing till the water comes to the     
cooling edge4  ,then it builds up a wall
 where it overflows1 and wherever it    
flows it builds4  ,the result is that   
you walk up the gentle slopes of a broad
 flat cone1 and find the little lakelet 
in a gorgeous setting1 perfectly full at
 every point of the circumference4  ,if 
there is but little overflow1 the result
 may be to deposit all the matter where 
it first cools1 and make a perpendicular
 wall around the cup two or ten feet    
high4  ,if the overflow is too much to  

be cooled at once1 the deposit may still
 be made fifty or one hundred feet from 
the point of issue4  ,if the overflow is
 sufficient1 it may be building up every
 inch of a vast cone at once1 every foot
 being wet4  ,illustration3 ,the ,punch 
,bowl1 ,yellowstone ,geysers4  ,many    
minerals are held in solution and are   
deposited at various stages of          
evaporation4  ,let us suppose the lake  
to have the bottom sloping toward the   
abysmal center2 the different minerals  
will be assorted as if with a sieve4    
,at the ,sunlight ,basin the edge is as 
flaming red as one ever sees in the     
sunlit sky4  ,and every color ever seen 
in a sunset flames almost as brilliantly
 in the varying depths4  ,suppose a low 
cone to be flooded only occasionally1 as
 in the case of the ,old ,faithful      
geyser4  ,the cooled water falling from 
the upper air builds up1 under the      
terrible drench of the cataract1 walls  
three or four inches high1 making pools 
of every conceivable shape1 a few inches

 deep1 in which are the most exquisite  
and varied colors ever seen by mortal   
eye4  ,you walk about on these dividing 
walls and gaze into the beaded and      
impearled pools of a hundred shades of  
different colors1 never equaled except  
by that perpetual glory of the sunset4  
,consider the case of a pool that does  
not overflow4  ,just as lakes that have 
no outlet must grow more and more salt  
till some have become solid salt beds1  
so must this pool1 tossing its hot waves
 two or three feet high1 evaporate its  
water and deposit its solids4  ,where8  
,first1 against the cooler sides of the 
rock under the water1 tending to reduce 
the opening to a mere throat4  ,second1 
each wavelet tossed in air is cooled1   
and deposits on the edge1 solid as      
quartz1 a crust that overhangs the pool 
and tends to close it over as with hot  
ice4  ,it may build thus a mound fifteen
 feet high with an open throat in the   
middle4 ,thus the pool has constructed  
an intermittent geyser4  ,if the water  

supply continues1 it also destroys      
itself4  ,the throat closes up by its   
own deposits4  ,it is a case of geyseral
 membranous croup4  ,i exceedingly      
longed to try vivisection on a geyser1  
or at least take one of half a hundred1 
drain it off1 and make a post-mortem    
examination4  ,on my very last day ,i   
found opportunity4  ,i found a dead     
geyser1 though not by any means yet     
cold4  ,it was still so hot that people 
had given it an infernal name4  ,i      
squeezed myself down through its hot    
throat1 which seemed a veritable open   
sepulcher1 and found a cave about       
twenty-five feet deep1 twelve feet wide1
 and about sixty feet long4  ,it was    
elliptical in form1 the sides coming    
together at a sharp angle at the ends1  
bottom1 and top4  ,the way down to the  
fiery heart of the earth had simply     
grown up by deposits of silex on the    
sides and at the bottom4  ,the water had
 evaporated by the intense heat1 and ,i 
was in the hot hollow that had once held

 an earthquake and volcano4  ,when ,i   
squeezed up to the blessed upper air ,i 
was glad there was no help from below4  
,i could tell of mounds that grew so    
fast as to inclose the limbs of a tree1 
making the firmest kind of a ladder by  
which ,i climbed to the top2 of floods  
that overflowed acres of forest1 leaving
 every tree firmly planted in solid     
rock2 of mounds hundreds of feet high1  
covering twenty acres with forms of     
indescribable beauty--but ,i despair4   
,the half has not been told4  ,it cannot
 be4  ,great and marvelous are all ,thy 
works1 ,lord ,god ,almighty6  ,in wisdom
 hast ,thou made them all4  ,emerson    
says3 ,whilst common sense looks at     
things or visible nature as real and    
final facts1 poetry1 or the imagination 
which dictates it1 is a second sight1   
looking through these1 and using them as
 types or words for thoughts which they 
signify4  ,using these faculties and not
 mere eyesight1 one must surely say3    
,since this world1 in power1 fineness1  

finish1 beauty1 and adaptations not only
 surpasses our accomplishment1 but also 
is past our finding out to its          
perfection1 it must have been made by   
,one stronger1 finer1 and wiser than we 
are4     ,,sea ,,sculpture99            
99,reprinted from ,the ,chautauquan4    
,when the ,russians charged on the      
,grivitza redoubt at ,plevna they first 
launched one column of men that they    
knew would be all shot down long before 
they could reach it4  ,but they made a  
cloud of smoke under the cover of which 
a second column was launched4  ,they    
would all be shot down4  ,but they      
carried the covering cloud so far that a
 third column broke out of it and       
successfully carried the redoubt4  ,they
 carried it1 but ten thousand men lay on
 the death-smitten slope4  ,so the great
 ocean sends eight or ten thousand      
columns a day to charge with flying     
banners of spray on the rocky ramparts  
of the shore at ,santa ,cruz1           
,california4  ,there are not many things

 in the material world more sublime than
 a thousand miles of crested waves      
rushing with terrible might against the 
rocky shore4  ,while they are yet some  
distance from the land a small boat can 
ride their foaming billows1 but as they 
approach the shallower places they seem 
to take on sudden rage and irresistible 
force4  ,those roaring waves rear up two
 or three times as high4  ,they have    
great perpendicular fronts down which   
,niagaras are pouring4  ,the spray flies
 from their tops like the mane of a     
thousand wild horses charging in the    
wind4  ,no ship can hold anchor in the  
breakers4  ,they may dare a thousand    
storms outside1 but once let them fall  
into the clutch of this resistless power
 and they are doomed4  ,the waves seem  
frantic with rage1 resistless in force2 
they rush with fury1 smite the cliffs   
with thunder1 and are flung fifty feet  
into the air2 with what effect on the   
rocks we will try to relate4            
,illustration3 ,the ,breakers1 ,santa   

,cruz1 ,cal4  ,no4 #a of our            
illustrations shows ,the ,breakers1 a   
two-story house of that name where      
hospitality1 grace1 and beauty abide2   
where hundreds of roses bloom in a day1 
and where flowers1 prodigal as creative 
processes1 abound4  ,the breakers from  
which the house is named are not seen in
 the picture4  ,when the wind has been  
blowing hard1 maybe one hundred miles   
out at sea1 they come racing in from the
 point1 feather-crested1 a dozen at     
once1 to show how rolls the far ,wairoa 
at some other world's end4  ,all these  
pictures are taken in the calm weather1 
or there would be little seen besides   
the great leaps of spray1 often fifty   
feet high4  ,at the bottom of the cliff 
appear the nodules and bowlders that    
were too hard to be bitten into dust and
 have fallen out of the cliff1 which is 
fifty feet high1 as the sea eats it     
away4  ,some of these are sculptured    
into the likeness effaces and figures1  
solemn and grotesque4  ,it is easy to   

find ,pharaoh1 ,cleopatra1 ,tantalus1   
represented here4  ,this house is at the
 beginning of the famous ,cliff ,drive  
that rounds the lighthouse at the point 
and stretches away for miles above the  
ever-changing1 now beautiful1 now       
sublime1 and always great ,pacific1 that
 rolls its six thousand miles of billows
 toward us from ,hong ,kong4            
,occasionally the road must be set back1
 and once the lighthouse was moved back 
from the cliffs1 eaten away by the      
edacious tooth of the sea4  ,as ,emerson
 says1 ,i never count the hours ,i spend
 in wandering by the sea2 like ,god it  
useth me4  ,there is a wideness like his
 mercy1 a power like his omnipotence1 a 
persistence like his patience1 a length 
of work like his eternity4  ,the rocks  
of ,santa ,cruz1 as in many other       
places1 were laid in regular order1 like
 the leaves of a book on its side4  ,but
 by various forces they have been       
crumbled1 some torn out1 and in many    
places piled together4  ,these layers1  

beginning at the bottom1 are as follows2
 7#a7 igneous granite1 unstratified2    
7#b7 limestone laid down from life in   
the ocean1 metamorphosed by heat and all
 fossils thereby destroyed2 7#c7        
limestone highly crystallized1 composed 
of fossil shells and very hard2 7#d7    
sandstone1 made under the sea from      
previous rock powdered1 having huge     
concretionary masses with a shell or a  
pebble as a nucleus around which the    
concretion has taken place2 7#e7 shale  
from the sea also2 7#f7 conglomerate1 or
 drift1 deposited by ice in the famous  
glacial cold snap2 7#g7 alluvium soil   
deposited in fresh water and composed   
partly of organic matter4  ,in our      
second illustration some of these       
layers1 or strata1 may be distinguished4
  ,illustration3 ,the ,work and the     
,worker1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,cal4  ,when the 
awful blows of the sea smite the rock1  
if it finds a place less hard than      
others1 it wears into it a slight       
depression1 after half a hundred        

thousand strokes1 more or less1 and ever
 after1 as the years go by1 it drives   
its wedges home in that place4  ,a      
shallow cave results4  ,then the waters 
converge on the sides of the cave and   
meet with awful force in the middle4    
,thus a tunnel is excavated1 like a     
drift in a mine1 each wave making the   
tremendous charge and the reflowing     
surges bringing away all the detritus4  
,this tunnel may be driven or excavated 
two hundred feet inland1 under the      
shore4  ,at each inrush of the wave the 
air is terribly condensed before it4    
,it seeks outlet4  ,and so it happens   
that the air is driven up through some  
crack in the rock and the superincumbent
 earth1 one or two hundred feet from the
 shore1 and a great hole appears in the 
ground from twenty to seventy feet deep4
  ,then the water spouts fiercely up and
 returning carries back the earth and   
broken rock into the sea4  ,no4 #c of   
the illustrations here given represents 
such a great excavation one hundred feet

 back from the shore4  ,it is one       
hundred and fifty feet long by ninety   
wide and over fifty feet deep4  ,all the
 material had been carried out to sea by
 the refluent wave4  ,on the natural    
bridge seen in front the great crowd in 
,broadway1 ,new ,york1 might pass or a  
troop of cavalry could be maneuvered4   
,through the arch a ship with masts     
thirty feet high might enter at high    
tide4  ,through the abutment of the arch
 where the afternoon sun pours its      
brightness the waves have cut other     
arches not visible in the picture4      
,when the arches become too many or too 
wide the natural bridge will fall and be
 carried out to sea like many another4  
,illustration3 ,a ,natural ,bridge1     
,santa ,cruz1 ,cal4  ,but what does the 
sea do with the harder parts of the     
cliff8  ,its waves wear away the rock on
 each side and leave one or more long   
fingers reaching out into the sea4  ,the
 wear and tear on such a projection is  
immense4  ,a strong swimmer may play    

with the breakers away from the cliff4  
,at exactly the right moment he may dive
 headlong through the pearly green      
,niagara that has not yet fallen quite  
to his head and may sport in the        
comparatively quiet water beyond1 while 
the wild ruin falls with a sound of     
thunder on the beach4  ,but let him once
 be caught and dashed against the rocks 
and there is no more life or wholeness  
of bones within him4  ,in the swirl of  
converging currents between two rocky   
projections1 as the coarse sand and     
gravel is surged around a few hundred   
thousand times1 there is a great        
tendency to wear through the wall of the
 projecting finger4  ,it is often done4 
,illustration ,no4 #d shows at low tide 
such a projection cut through4  ,since  
the picture was taken the bridge has    
fallen1 the detritus been carted away by
 the waves1 and the pier stands lonely  
in the sea4  ,illustration3 ,an         
,excavated ,arch1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,cal4   
,no4 #e shows one bridge exceedingly    

frail and another more substantial      
nearer the famous ,cliff ,drive4  ,i go 
to the frail one every year with anxiety
 lest ,i shall find it has been carried 
away4  ,how ,i wish ,i could show my    
readers the delicate sculpture and      
carving further back1 nearer yet to the 
drive4  ,but note the various strata1   
the rocks worn to a point as even the   
milder waves run over them2 note the    
cracks that tell of the awful push and  
stress of the titanic struggle4         
,illustration3 ,a ,double ,natural      
,arch1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,cal4              
,illustration ,no4 #f shows three such  
under-hewn arches4  ,the long projection
 of rock is so curved as to prevent the 
arches being fully seen in any one view4
  ,i have waded and swam through these  
rocky vistas1 and there1 where any more 
than moderate waves would have mangled  
me against the tusks of the cruel rocks1
 ,i have found little specimens of      
aquatic life by the millions1 clinging  
fast to the rocks that were home to them

 and protecting themselves by taking    
lime out of the water and building such 
a solid wall of shell that no fierceness
 of the wildest storm could work them   
harm4  ,all these seek their food from  
,him who feeds all life1 and he heaves  
the ocean up to their mouths that they  
may drink4  ,illustration3 ,a ,triple   
,natural ,arch1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,cal4     
,no4 #g shows what has been a quadruple 
arch1 only one part of which is still   
standing4  ,out in the sea1 lonely and  
by itself1 appears a pier1 scarcely     
emergent from the waves1 which once     
supported an arch parallel to the one   
now standing and also one at right      
angles to the shore4  ,the one now      
standing makes the fourth4  ,but the    
ever-working sea carves and carries away
 arch and shore alike4  ,at some points 
a careful and even admiring observer    
sees little change for years1 but the   
remorseless tooth gnaws on unceasingly4 
,illustration3 ,remains of a ,quadruple 
,natural ,arch1 ,santa ,cruz1 ,cal4  ,on

 the right near the point is seen a     
board sign4  ,it says here1 as in many  
other places1 ,danger4  ,sometimes two  
converging waves meet at the land1 rise 
unexpectedly1 sweep over the point      
irresistibly1 and carry away anyone who 
stands there4  ,one large and two small 
shreds of skin now gone from the palm of
 my left hand give proof of an          
experience there that did not result    
quite so disastrously4  ,the            
illustration facing page #ahh is another
 example of an arch cut through the     
rocky barrier of the shore4  ,but in    
this case the trend of the less hard    
rock was at such an angle to the shore  
that the sea broke into the channel once
 more1 and then the combined waves from 
the two entrances forced the passage one
 hundred and forty paces inland4  ,it   
terminates in another natural bridge and
 deep excavation beyond1 which are not  
shown in the picture4  ,illustration3   
,arch ,remains ,side ,wall ,broken1     
,santa ,clara1 ,cal4  ,what becomes of  

this comminuted rock1 cleft by wedges of
 water1 scoured over by hundreds of tons
 of sharp sand8  ,it is carried out by  
gentle undercurrents into the bay and   
ocean1 and laid down where winds never  
blow nor waves ever beat1 as gently as  
dust falls through the summer air4  ,it 
incloses fossils of the plant and animal
 life of to-day4 ,there rest in nature's
 own sepulcher the skeletons of sharks  
and whales of to-day and possibly of    
man4  ,sometime1 if the depths become   
heights1 as they have in a thousand     
places in the past1 a fit intelligence  
may read therein much of the present    
history of the world4  ,we say to that  
coming age1 as a past age has said to   
us1 ,speak to the earth and it shall    
teach thee1 and the fishes of the sea   
shall declare unto thee4     ,,the      
,,power ,,of ,,vegetable ,,life  ,i have
 a great variety of little masses of    
matter--some small as a pin's blunt     
point1 and none of them bigger than a   
pin's head4  ,they are smooth1 glossy1  

hard1 exceedingly beautiful under the   
microscope1 and clearly distinguishable 
one from another4  ,they have such      
intense individuality1 are so           
self-assertive1 that by no process can  
those of one kind be made to look or act
 like those of another4  ,these little  
masses of matter are centers of         
incredible power4  ,they are seeds4     
,select two for examination1 and1       
unfolding1 one becomes grass--soft1     
succulent1 a carpet for dainty feet1 a  
rest for weary eyes1 part food1 but     
mostly drink1 for hungry beasts4  ,it   
exhausts all its energy quickly4  ,grass
 today is1 and to-morrow is cut down and
 withered1 ready for the oven4  ,try the
 other seed4  ,it is of the pin head    
size4  ,it is dark brown1 hard-shelled1 
dry1 of resinous smell to nostrils      
sensitive as a bird's4 ,the bird drops  
it in the soil1 where the dews fall and 
where the sun kisses the sleeping       
princesses into life4  ,now the latent  
powers of that little center of force   

begin to play4 ,they first open the hard
 shell from the inside1 then build out  
an arm white and tender as a nerve      
fiber1 but which shall become great and 
tough as an oak4  ,this arm shuns the   
light and goes down into the dark       
ground1 pushing aside the pebbles and   
earth4  ,soon after the seed thrusts out
 of the same crevice another arm that   
has an instinct to go upward to the     
light4  ,neither of these arms is yet   
solid and strong4 ,they are beyond      
expression tender1 delicate1 and porous1
 but the one is to become great roots   
that reach all over an acre1 and the    
other one of ,california's big trees1   
thirty feet in diameter and four hundred
 feet high4  ,how is it to be done8  ,by
 powers latent in the seed developing   
and expanding for a thousand years4     
,what a power it must be6  ,first1 it is
 a power of selection--might we not say 
discrimination8 ,that little seed can   
never by any power of persuasion or     
environment be made to produce grass or 

any other kind of a tree1 as manzanita1 
mango1 banyan1 catalpa1 etc41 but simply
 and only sequoia gigantea4  ,there are 
hundreds of shapes and kinds of leaves  
with names it gives one a headache to   
remember4  ,but this seed never makes a 
single mistake4  ,it produces millions  
of leaves1 but every one is             
awl-shaped--subulate4  ,woods have many 
odors--sickening1 aromatic1 balsamic1   
medicinal4  ,we go to the other side of 
the world to bring the odor of sandal or
 camphor to our nostrils4  ,but amid so 
many odors our seed will make but one4  
,it is resinous1 like some of those     
odors the ,lord enjoyed when they bathed
 with their delicious fragrance the     
cruel saw that cut their substance1 and 
atmosphered with new delights the one   
who destroyed their life4  ,the big     
tree1 with subtle chemistry no man can  
imitate1 always makes its fragrance with
 unerring exactness4  ,illustration3    
,the ,big ,trees4  ,there are thousands 
of seeds finished with a perfectness and

 beauty we are hardly acute enough to   
discover4  ,the microscopist revels in  
the forms of the dainty scales of its   
armor and the opalescent tints of its   
color4  ,the sunset is not more delicate
 and exquisite4  ,but the big tree never
 makes but one kind of seed1 and leaves 
no one of its thousands unfinished4     
,the same is true of bark1 grain of     
wood1 method of putting out limbs1      
outline of the mass1 reach of roots1 and
 every other peculiarity4  ,it          
discriminates4  ,but how does it build  
itself8  ,myriads of rootlets search the
 surrounding country for elements it    
needs for making bark1 wood1 leaf1      
flower1 and seed4  ,they often find what
 they want in other organizations or    
other chemical compounds4  ,but with a  
power of analytical chemistry they      
separate what they want and appropriate 
it to their majestic growths4  ,but how 
is material conveyed from rootlet to    
veinlet of leaf hundreds of feet away8  
,the great tree is more full of channels

 of communication than ,venice or       
,stockholm is of canals1 and it is along
 these watery ways of commerce that the 
material is conveyed4 ,these channels   
are a succession of cells that act like 
locks1 set for the perpendicular        
elevation of the freight4  ,the tiny    
boats run day and night in the season1  
and though it is dark within1 and though
 there are a thousand piers1 no freight 
that starts underground for a leaf is   
ever landed on the way for bark or woody
 fiber4  ,freight never goes astray1 nor
 are express packages miscarried4  ,what
 starts for bark1 leaf1 fiber1 seed1 is 
deposited as bark1 leaf1 fiber1 seed1   
and nothing else4 ,there are hundreds of
 miles of canals1 but every boat knows  
where to land its unmarked freight4     
,curious as is this work underground1   
that in the upper air is more so4  ,the 
tree builds most of its solid substance 
from the mobile and tenuous air4  ,trees
 are largely condensed air4  ,by the    
magic chemistry of the sunshine and     

vegetable life the tree breathes through
 its myriad leaves and extracts carbon  
to be built into wood4  ,had we the same
 power to extract fuel from the air we  
need not dig for coal4  ,in doing this  
work the power of life in the tree has  
to overcome many other kinds of force4  
,there is the power of cohesion4  ,how  
it holds the particles of stone or iron 
together6  ,you can hardly break its    
force with a great sledge4  ,but the    
power of life in the tree1 or even      
grass1 must master the power of cohesion
 and take out of the disintegrating rock
 what it wants4  ,so it must overcome   
the power of chemical affinity in water 
and air4  ,the substances it wants are  
in other combinations1 the power of     
which must be overcome4  ,gravitation is
 a great power1 but the thousand tons of
 this tree's vast weight must be lifted 
and sustained in defiance of it4  ,so   
for a thousand years gravitation sees   
the tree rise higher and higher1 till   
the great lesson is taught that it is a 

weakling compared with the power of     
life4  ,there is not a place where one  
can put his finger that there are not a 
dozen forces in full play1 every one of 
which is plastic1 elastic1 and ready to 
yield to any force that is higher4  ,so 
the tree stands1 not mere lumber and    
cordwood1 or an obstacle to be gotten   
rid of by fire1 but an embodiment of    
life unexhausted for a thousand years4  
,the fairy-fingered breeze plays through
 its myriad harp strings4  ,it makes    
wide miles of air aromatic4  ,animal    
life feeds on the quintessence of life  
in its seeds4  ,but most of all it is an
 object lesson that power triumphs over 
lesser power1 and that the highest power
 has dominion over all other power4     
,the great power of vegetable life was  
shown under circumstances that seemed   
the least favorable in the following    
experiment3  ,in the ,agricultural      
,college at ,amherst1 ,mass41 a squash  
of the yellow ,chili variety was put in 
harness in #ahgd to see how much it     

would lift by its power of growth4      
,illustration3 ,yellow ,chili ,squash in
 ,harness4  ,it was not an oak or       
mahogany tree1 but a soft1 pulpy1       
squashy squash that one could poke his  
finger into1 nourished through a soft1  
succulent vine that one could mash      
between finger and thumb4  ,a good idea 
of the harness is given by the          
illustration4  ,the squash was confined 
in an open harness of iron and wood1 and
 the amount lifted was indicated by     
weights on the lever over the top4      
,there were1 including seventy nodal    
roots1 more than eighty thousand feet of
 roots and rootlets4  ,these roots      
increased one thousand feet in          
twenty-four hours4  ,they were afforded 
every advantage by being grown in a hot 
bed4 ,on ,august #ba it lifted sixty    
pounds4  ,by ,september #cj it lifted a 
ton4 ,on ,october #bd it carried over   
two tons4  ,the squash grew gnarled like
 an oak1 and its substance was almost as
 compact as mahogany4  ,its inner cavity

 was very small1 but it perfectly       
elaborated its seeds1 as usual4  ,the   
lever to indicate the weight had to be  
changed for stronger ones from time to  
time4  ,more weights were sought4  ,they
 scurried through the town and got an   
anvil and pieces of railroad iron and   
hung them at varying distances1 as shown
 in the cut4  ,by the #cast of ,october 
it was carrying a weight of five        
thousand pounds4  ,then owing to defects
 of the new contrivance the rind was    
broken through without showing what     
might have been done under better       
conditions4  ,every particle of the     
squash had to be added and find itself  
elbow room under this enormous pressure4
  ,but life will assert itself4         
,illustration3 ,squash in ,cage4  ,no   
wonder that the ,lord1 seeking some form
 of speech to represent his power in    
human souls1 says1 ,i am the vine1 ye   
are the branches4  ,the tremendous life 
of infinite strength surges up through  
the vine and out into all branches that 

are really vitally attached4  ,no wonder
 that much fruit is expected1 and that  
one who knew most of this imparted power
 said1 ,i can do all things through     
,christ which strengtheneth me4         
,,spiritual ,,dynamics99  99,reprinted  
from ,the ,study4  ,will ,god indeed    
dwell upon the earth8 asked ,solomon4   
,will ,god indeed work with man on the  
earth8 asks the pushing1 working spirit 
of to-day4 ,has man a right to expect a 
special lending of the infinite power to
 help out his human endeavors8  ,does   
,god put special forces to open some    
doors1 close others1 influence some men 
to come to his help1 hinder others1     
bring to bear influences benign1        
restrain those malign1 and invigorate a 
man's own powers so that his arm has the
 strength of ten1 because his heart is  
pure enough for ,god to work in it and  
through it8 ,if this is so1 in what     
fields1 under what conditions1 to what  
extent1 and in accordance with what laws
 may we expect aid8  ,first1 it is      

evident that there is power not         
ourselves4  ,we did not make this world4
  ,we did not put into it even the      
lowest force1 gravitation4  ,it is more 
than our minds can compass to measure   
its power4  ,we have no arithmetic to   
tell its power on every mote in the     
sunbeam1 or flower1 or grain-head bowing
 toward the earth1 tree brought down    
with a crash1 or avalanche with thunder4
  ,much less can we measure the power   
that holds the earth to the sun spite of
 its measureless centrifugal force4  ,we
 did not make the next highest force1   
cohesion4 ,the particles of rock and    
iron cohere with so great an energy that
 gravitation cannot overcome it4  ,but  
it is not by our energy4  ,we did not   
make the next highest force1 chemical   
affinity1 that masters both gravitation 
and cohesion4  ,water1 the result of    
chemical affinity between oxygen and    
hydrogen1 can be rent into its          
constituent elements with nothing less  
than a stream of lightning4  ,we did not

 make the next highest force1 vegetative
 life4  ,that masters gravitation1 and  
lifts up the tree in spite of it2       
masters cohesion--the tree's rootlets   
tear asunder the particles of stone2    
masters chemical affinity--it takes the 
oxygen from air and water4  ,we did not 
create that force1 measureless to our   
minds4  ,we say it must have come out of
 some omnipotence greater than all of   
them4  ,the conclusion of all minds is1 
there is a power not ourselves4  ,it is 
unthinkable that these forces before    
mentioned should have originated        
themselves4  ,it is equally so that they
 could maintain and continue themselves4
  ,there must be some continual         
upholding by a word of power4  ,it is   
equally plain that there is             
intelligence1 thought1 and plan behind  
these forces4  ,they are not blind      
,samsons grinding in a prison-house1 and
 liable at any moment to bring down in  
utter ruin every pillar of the universe 
on which they can put their hands4  ,if 

intelligent and planful1 there must be  
personality4  ,we may as well call it by
 the name by which it is universally    
known1 ,god4  ,now does this intelligent
 and powerful personality know our plans
 and lend his powers to the             
accomplishment of our purposes8  ,it is 
better to put it the other way4  ,mr4   
,lincoln taught us the truer statement  
when one said to him1 in the awful      
anxiety of the war1 ,i think ,god is on 
our side2 he answered1 ,my great concern
 is to know if we are on ,god's side4   
,so our question is better thus3 ,does  
this intelligent1 powerful personality  
accept and use our energy in the        
accomplishment of his plans8  ,that will
 depend on what he wants done4  ,if he  
only wants mountains lifted1 he can put 
the shoulder of an earthquake under the 
strata of a continent and tilt them up  
edgewise1 or toss up a hundred miles of 
strata and let them come down the other 
side up4  ,if he wants mountains carried
 hence and cast into the sea1 he can    

bring rivers to carry for thousands of  
years numberless tons4  ,if he wants    
worlds held in rhythmic relations to    
their sun1 he can take gravitation4     
,man is of no use2 he cannot reach so   
far4  ,but if this being has anything to
 do that he cannot do1 he will gladly   
welcome man's aid4  ,has he8  ,yes4     
,obviously he wants things done he      
cannot do alone4  ,worlds are dead4     
,trees do not think4  ,morning stars may
 sing together1 but they cannot love4   
,none of them have character4 ,none of  
them have conscious responsiveness to   
the full tides of power and love that   
flush the universe4  ,none of them are  
permanent1 or worth keeping forever4    
,they are only scaffolding4  ,he wants  
something greater than he can make2     
something as great as ,god and man and  
angels together can make4  ,he wants not
 mere matter acted upon from without1   
but intelligences active in themselves2 
wants not mere miles of granite1 but    
hearts responsive to love1 and character

 that is sturdier than granite1 more    
enduring than the hills that seem to be 
everlasting1 and of so great a price    
that a whole world is of less value than
 a single soul1 and of such permanence  
that it shall flourish in immortal youth
 when worlds1 short-lived in comparison1
 shall have passed away4 ,god can make  
worlds in plenty1 but he wants something
 so much better that they shall be mere 
parade-grounds for the training of his  
armies4  ,are there proofs that ,god's  
forces are cooperating with ours8       
,many4 ,gravitation holds us to the     
earth4  ,we do not drift1 all sides up  
successively1 in space or chaos4  ,we   
never want a breath but there are oceans
 of it rushing to answer our hunger for 
it4  ,but especially do we undertake all
 our more definite efforts with a full  
expectation of the aid of the forces    
without us4  ,man takes to agriculture  
with a relish that indicates that the   
soil and he are akin4 ,he expects all   
its energies to cooperate with him4  ,he

 plants the grain or seed expecting that
 all its vegetative forces will cowork  
with his plans4  ,every energy of earth1
 air1 water1 and the far-off sun work   
into his plans as if they had no other  
end in all their being4  ,if a man wants
 a house1 he expects the solidity of the
 rock1 all the adaptations of wood that 
has been growing for a century1 expects 
the beauty of the fir tree1 the pine1   
and the box to come together to beautify
 the place of his dwelling4  ,there are 
other forces into which man can put his 
scepter of power and hand of mastery4   
,they all work for and with him4  ,does 
he want his burdens carried8  ,the river
 will convey the ,indian on a log or the
 armaments of the greatest nations4     
,the wind fits itself into the shoulder 
of his sail on the sea1 and steam does  
more work on the land than all the human
 race together4  ,does he want          
swiftness8  ,the lightning comes and    
goes between the ends of the earth      
saying1 ,here am ,i4  ,obviously all    

these kinds of forces are always on hand
 to work into man's plans4  ,is not our 
whole question settled8  ,if these      
fundamental forces1 these oceans of air 
and energy1 forces so great that man    
cannot measure them1 so delicate and    
fine that man does not discover them in 
thousands of years1 are all waiting and 
palpitating to rush into the service of 
man to advance his plans1 and hint of   
plans larger than he ever dreamed1 until
 he grows great by handling these       
ineffable factors1 how can it be        
otherwise than that the energies1       
thoughts1 and loves back of these       
forces1 and out of which they come1 and 
of which they are the visible signs and 
exponents1 are working together with    
man8  ,then1 in all probability1 nay in 
all certainty1 all other forces1 whether
 they be thrones or dominions1          
principalities or powers1 things present
 or things to come1 will also lend all  
their energies to the help of man4 ,god 
does not aid in the lowest and leave us 

to ourselves in the highest4  ,he does  
not feed the body and let the soul      
famish1 does not help us to the meat    
that perishes and let us starve for the 
bread of eternal life4  ,scripture      
passages1 literally thousands in number1
 proclaim ,god's control of the regular 
operations of nature1 his sovereignty   
over birth1 life1 death1 disease1       
afflictions1 and prosperity1 over what  
we call accident1 his execution of      
righteous retributions1 bringing of     
deliverance1 setting up thrones1 and    
casting down princes4  ,he upholds all  
things by the direct exercise of his    
power4  ,the uniformities of nature are 
his ordinary method of working2 its     
irregularities his method upon          
occasional condition2 its interferences 
his method under the pressure of a      
higher law4  ,there can be no general   
providence which is not special1 no care
 for the whole which does not include   
care for all the parts1 no provided     
safety for the head which does not      

number all the hairs4  ,the ,old        
,testament doctrine of a special and    
minute providence over the chosen nation
 is expanded by ,christ's loving        
teaching and ministrations into an equal
 care for the personal individual       
7,matt4 vii1 #aa2 xviii1 #ai2 ,heb4 iv1 
#af74  ,the cold glacial period of human
 fear that poured its ice floe over the 
mind of man1 making him feel like an    
orphaned race in a godless world1 has   
retired before the gentle beams of the  
,sun of ,righteousness1 and the winter  
is past1 the flowers appear on the      
earth1 the time of the singing of birds 
and hearts has commenced4  ,it is       
everywhere recognized that the great    
outcome of a man's life is not the title
 to a thousand acres4  ,he is soon      
dispossessed4  ,it is not all the bonds 
and money he can hold4  ,a dead man's   
hands are empty4  ,it is not reputation 
that the winds blow away4  ,but it is   
character that he acquires and carries  
with him4  ,he has a fidelity to        

principle that is like ,abdiel's4  ,he  
is faithful among the faithless4  ,he   
has allegiance to right that the lure of
 all the kingdoms of the earth cannot   
swerve for a moment4  ,he counts soul so
 much above the body that no fiery      
furnaces1 heated seven times hotter than
 they are wont1 sway him for a moment   
from adherence to the interests of soul 
as against even the existence of the    
body4  ,now1 how has such an eminence of
 character been attained8  ,not         
altogether by individual evolution4     
,ancestral tendencies1 parental example1
 the great force of strong1 eternal     
principles1 the moral muscle acquired in
 the gymnasium of temptation1 and       
confessedly and especially a spiritual  
force vouchsafed from without1 have     
wrought out this greatest result of     
heaven and earth4  ,of some men you     
expect nothing but goodness and         
greatness4  ,they would belie all the   
tendencies of their blood to be         
otherwise than good4  ,some are         

constantly trained under the mighty     
influences of great principles that sway
 men as much as gravitation sways the   
worlds4  ,what could be expected of the 
men of '#gf when the air was electric   
with patriotism8 ,what could be expected
 of men whose childhood was filled with 
the sacrifices of men who made          
themselves pilgrims and strangers over  
the earth1 from ,england to ,holland and
 thence over the drear and inhospitable 
sea to ,america1 for the sake of        
liberty8  ,what could be expected of men
 whose whole ancestry was cut off by the
 slaughter following the revocation of  
the ,edict of ,nantes1 and they         
themselves exiled for liberty to worship
 ,god8  ,what can be expected of men who
 have been tried in the furnace of      
temptation till they are pure gold8     
,nay1 more1 what can be expected of men 
who have in these temptations been      
strengthened out of ,god8  ,besides the 
strength of development by the          
resistance of evil1 they have found that

 ,god made a way of escape1 that he     
strengthened1 them and that they were   
thus by supernal power able to bear it4 
,nay1 rather1 what may not be expected  
of such men8  ,but we will not forget   
that this great outcome is precisely the
 plan of ,god for every man's life1 and 
that when man works he finds that there 
are forces outside of him thoroughly    
cooperative with him4  ,he starts a rock
 down the mountain side1 but gravitation
 reaches out ready fingers and hurls it 
a thousand times faster and faster4  ,he
 launches his ship on the sea and the   
wind and steam carry it thousands of    
miles4  ,he speaks his quiet breath into
 the ear of the phone and electricity   
carries it in every tone and inflection 
of personal quality a thousand miles4   
,he vows1 and works for purity and      
greatness of personal character1 and a  
thousand gravitations of love1 a        
thousand great winds of ,pentecost1 a   
thousand vital principles on which all  
greatness hangs1 a thousand influences  

of other men1 and especially a thousand 
personal aids of a present ,god1        
cooperate with his plans and works4  ,of
 course every man who believes in a new 
type so high that good birth1 wealth1   
culture1 education1 and broad           
opportunity cannot attain it believes in
 the divine co-operation to that end4   
,it must be born of the ,spirit4  ,god  
sends forth his ,spirit into our hearts 
crying1 ,abba1 ,father6  ,it pleases the
 ,father himself to reveal his ,son in  
us4  ,not only is this cooperation true 
in regard to the beginning of this      
higher life1 but especially so in regard
 to the development and perfection of   
that life into the stature of perfect   
manhood in ,christ ,jesus4  ,by         
continuous effort to lead into all      
truth1 by intensity of endeavor that can
 only be represented by groanings that  
cannot be worded in human speech1 the   
perfection of saints is sought4  ,and in
 the final glorification of those saints
 every man will say nothing of his own  

efforts1 but all the praise will be unto
 him who hath redeemed us unto ,god1 and
 washed us in his blood4  ,to what      
extent1 then1 may we expect ,god will   
lend his forces to work out our plans8  
,first1 in so far as those forces have  
to do with the maturing and perfecting  
of our character they become his plans4 
,no energy will be withheld4  ,all our  
plans should be such4  ,the end in      
character may often be attained as well 
by failure of our plans as by success4  
,god has to choose the poor in this     
world's things1 rich in faith1 to do his
 great work4  ,and he has to make the   
best laid schemes o' mice and men gang  
aft a-gley to get the desired outcome of
 character4  ,he is then working with1  
not against1 us4  ,he would rather have 
any star for his crown of glory than    
tons of perishable gold4  ,but outside  
of our plans and work for ourselves what
 cooperation may we expect in our plans 
and work for others8  ,every preacher   
knows that for spiritual work in saving 

others the word of the ,lord is true1   
,without me ye can do nothing4  ,there  
must be an outpouring of the ,spirit or 
there is no ,pentecost4  ,over against  
that settled conviction is the          
thrice-blessed command and assurance of 
the ,master1 ,go preach my ,gospel2 and 
lo1 ,i am with you alway 7blessed       
iteration71 unto the end of the world4  
,that has not yet come4  ,but there are 
other enterprises men must push--mines  
to be dug1 railroads to be surveyed and 
built1 slaves to be emancipated1 farms  
to be cultivated1 mischiefs framed by a 
law to be averted1 charities to be      
exercised1 schools to be founded1 and   
generally a living to be gotten4 ,to    
what extent may we expect divine aid8   
,first1 all these things are his        
purposes and plans4  ,but since it is   
necessary for our development that we do
 our level best1 he will not do what we 
can4  ,we can plant and water1 but ,god 
only can give the increase4  ,even the  
fable maker says that a teamster1 whose 

wagon was stuck in the mud1 seeing      
,jupiter ,omnipotens riding by on the   
chariot of the clouds1 dropped on his   
knees and implored his help4  ,get up1  
,o lazy one6 said ,jupiter2 clear away  
the mud1 put your shoulder to the wheel1
 and whip up your horses4  ,we may call 
on ,god to open the rock in the dry and 
thirsty land where no water is1 but not 
to lift our teacups4  ,it is no use to  
ask ,god for a special shower when deep 
plowing is all that is needed4  ,it is  
no use to ask ,god to build churches1   
send missionaries1 endow schools1 and   
convert the world1 till we have done our
 best4  ,but when we have done our best 
what may we expect8  ,all things4  ,they
 shall work together for good to those  
who love ,god enough to do their best   
for him in any plane of work4  ,one     
could preach fifty sermons on the great 
works done by men1 obviously too great  
for man's accomplishment4  ,time would  
fail me to tell of ,moses1 ,gideon1     
,paul1 ,luther1 ,wesley1 ,wilberforce1  

,william of ,orange1 ,washington1 ,john 
,brown1 ,abe ,lincoln1 and thousands    
more of whom this world was not worthy1 
who1 undeniably by divine aid1 wrought  
righteousness4  ,one of the great sins  
of our age is that men do not see ,god  
immanent in all things4  ,we have found 
so many ways of his working that we call
 laws1 so many segments of his power1   
that we have forgotten him who worketh  
all things after the counsel of his own 
will4  ,a sustainer is as necessary as a
 creator4 ,there are diversities of     
operations1 but it is the same ,god who 
worketh all in all4  ,the next great    
service to be done by human philosophy  
is to bring back ,god in human thought  
into his own world4  ,since these things
 are so1 what are the conditions under  
which we may work the works of ,god by  
his power8  ,first1 they must be his    
works1 not ours as opposed to his1 but  
ours as included in his4  ,all our works
 may be wrought in ,god1 if we do his   
works1 follow his plans1 and are aided  

by his strength4  ,second1 they must be 
attempted with the right motive of      
glorifying ,god4 ,christ is the pattern4
  ,he came not to do his own will1 but  
the will of him who sent him4  ,and he  
did always the things that pleased him4 
,in our fervid desires for the          
accomplishment of some great thing we   
should be as willing it should be       
accomplished by another as by ourselves4
 ,the personal pride is often a fly in  
the sweet-smelling savor4  ,god would   
rather have a given work not done1 or   
done by another1 than to have one of his
 dear ones puffed up with sinful pride4 
,great ,saul must often be removed and  
the work be left undone1 or be done by  
some humble ,david4    ,inaudible voices
 call us1 and we go2   ,invisible hands 
restrain us1 and we stay2   ,forces1    
unfelt by our dull senses1 sway   ,our  
wavering wills1 and hedge us in the way 
,we call our own1 because we do not     
know4    ,are we1 then1 slaves of       
ignorant circumstance8   ,nay1 ,god     

forbid6   ,god holds the world1 not     
blind1 unreasoning chance6  ,how shall  
we secure the cooperative power8  ,there
 is power of every kind everywhere in   
plenty4  ,all the ,niagaras and         
,mississippis have run to waste since   
they began to thunder and flow4         
,greater power is in the wind           
everywhere4  ,one can rake up enough    
electricity to turn all the wheels of a 
great city whenever he chooses to start 
his rake4  ,the sky is full of          
,pentecosts4  ,power enough1 but how    
shall we belt on8  ,by fasting1 prayer1 
and by willing to do the will of ,god4  
,we have so much haste that we do not   
tarry at ,jerusalem for fullness of     
power4  ,moses was forty years in the   
wilderness3 ,daniel fasted and prayed   
for one and twenty days4  ,we are told  
to pray without ceasing1 and that there 
are kinds of devils that go not out     
except at the command of those who fast 
and pray4    ,more things are wrought by
 prayer than     ,this world dreams of4 

,the ,bible is a record of achievements 
impossible to man4  ,they are           
achievements of leaderships1            
emancipations1 governments1 getting     
money for building ,god's houses1 making
 strong the weak1 waxing valiant in     
fight1 and turning the world upside     
down4  ,the trouble with many of our    
modern saints is that they seek for     
purity only instead of power1 ecstasy   
instead of excellence1 self-satisfaction
 in a garden of spices instead of a     
baptism that straightens them out in a  
garden of agony4 ,they are seekers of   
spiritual joys instead of good          
governments1 cities well policed and    
sewered1 with every street safe for the 
feet of innocence4  ,the next revelation
 of new possibilities of grace that will
 break out of the old ,word will be that
 of power4  ,how will this divine aid   
manifest itself8  ,in the giving of     
wisdom for our plans and their          
execution4  ,god will not help in any   
foolish plans4 ,he wants no ,st4        

,peter's built in a village of six      
hundred people1 no temple1 except on a  
,moriah to which a whole nation goes up4
  ,due proportion is a law of all his   
creations4  ,the disciples planned not  
only to begin at ,jerusalem1 but to stay
 there4  ,their plans were wrong1 and   
they had to be driven out by            
persecutions and martyrdoms 7,acts viii1
 #d74  ,but ,africa1 ,europe1 and ,asia 
eagerly received the light which        
,jerusalem resisted4  ,some ministers   
to-day stay by their fine ,jerusalems   
when the kitchens of the surrounding    
country wait to welcome them4  ,the     
,spirit suffered not ,paul to go into   
,bithynia1 but sent him to ,macedonia4  
,had he then persisted in going to ,asia
 his work would have been in vain4  ,we 
may expect wisdom in the choice of the  
human agents we select4  ,half a        
general's success lies in his choice of 
lieutenants4  ,no class leader should be
 appointed nor steward nominated till   
after prayer for divine guidance4  ,god 

has more efficient men for his ,church  
than we know of4 ,he is thinking of     
,paul when we see only ,matthias 7,acts 
i1 #bf74  ,when ,paul had to depart     
asunder from ,barnabas ,god sent him    
,silas1 the fellow-singer in the        
dungeon1 and ,timothy1 who was dearer to
 him than any other man4  ,we may expect
 opposition to be diminished or         
thwarted4  ,let ,hezekiah spread every  
letter of ,rab-shakeh before the ,lord  
and pray 7#b ,kings xix1 #ad74  ,the    
answer will be1 ,i have heard 7v4 #bj74 
,let the answer to every slander that   
,gashmu repeateth among the heathen be1 
,o ,lord1 strengthen my hands 7,neh4 vi1
 #i72 ,my ,god1 think thou upon ,tobiah 
and ,sanballat according to these their 
works 7v4 #ad74  ,then all the heathen  
and enemies will perceive that this work
 was wrought of our ,god 7v4 l#f74      
,when a man's ways please the ,lord1 he 
maketh even his enemies to be at peace  
with him4  ,the purpose of the          
manifestation of the ,son of ,god was   

that he might destroy the works of the  
devil 7#a ,john iii1 #h74  ,lastly1 we  
may expect actual help4  ,these plans   
are all dear to ,god4 ,he wishes them   
all accomplished4  ,they have been      
wisely made4 ,opposition has been       
diminished4  ,it only remains that our  
hearts be open to guidance and          
strengthening4  ,moses was sure ,i ,,am 
had sent him4 ,elijah had the very words
 to be uttered to ,ahab put into his    
mouth4 ,nehemiah told the people that   
for building a city the joy of the ,lord
 is your strength4  ,god strengthened   
the right hand of ,cyrus4  ,the three   
,hebrew children and ,daniel knew that  
,god was able to deliver them from fire 
and lions4  ,delight thyself also in the
 ,lord1 and he shall give thee the      
desires of thy heart4  ,and the great   
promise of the ,lord to be with his     
disciples to the end is not so much a   
promise for comfort as for the          
accomplishment of their mission4  ,paul 
said1 ,i can do all things through      

,christ which strengtheneth me4  ,and   
all great doers for ,god1 in all ages1  
have gladly testified that they have    
been girded for their work by the       
,almighty4  ,the designed outcome of    
this paper is that every reader should  
get a fresh revelation of the immanency 
of ,god in the kingdom of nature and    
grace2 that the reader is more          
intimately related to him and his plans 
than is gravitation2 that there are laws
 as imperative1 exact1 and sure to yield
 results in the mental and spiritual    
realms as in the material2 that he is a 
part of ,god's agencies1 and that all of
 ,god's forces are a part of his2 that  
he may sing with new meaning1    ,we for
 whose sakes all nature stands   ,and   
stars their courses move2  that in the  
burning vividness of this new conception
 each man may boldly undertake things   
for ,god--conversions1 purifications1   
missionary enlargements1 business       
enterprises--that he knows are too great
 for himself2 that he may find new helps

 for spiritual victories as great as    
this age has found for material triumphs
 in steam and electricity2 and that in  
all things man may be uplifted and ,god 
thereby glorified4  ,how shall it be    
done8  ,first1 by a vivid conception    
that cooperation is designed1 provided  
for1 and expected4  ,we are children of 
,god2 there can be but one great end    
through the ages in the universe4       
,there should be cooperation of every   
force4  ,there have been thousands of   
evident cooperations--waters divided and
 burned by celestial fire1 ,pharaohs    
rebuked1 ,ninevehs warned1 exiles       
recalled1 ,jerusalems rebuilded1        
,luthers upheld1 preachers of today     
changed from waning1 not desired1       
half-over-the-dead-line ministers into  
vigorous1 flaming heralds of the        
,gospel1 who possessed tenfold power to 
what they had before2 we ourselves      
personally helped in manifest and       
undeniable instances1 and so have come  
to believe that ,god can do anything1   

anywhere1 if he can get the right kind  
of a man4 ,promises of aid are abundant4
  ,heaven and earth shall pass away     
sooner than one jot or tittle of these  
words fail4  ,we are invited to test    
them3 ,come now1 and prove me herewith1 
and see if ,i will not open the windows 
of heaven once more1 as at the deluge1  
and pour you out a blessing that there  
shall not be room enough to receive it4 
,second1 select some definite work too  
great for us to do alone1 as the        
preparation of a sermon that shall have 
unusual power of persuasion to change   
action1 the conduct of a prayer meeting 
of remarkable interest1 the casting out 
of some devil of evil speech or action1 
the conversion of one individual1 the   
raising of more money for some of ,god's
 purposes1 and then go about the work1  
not alone1 but in such a way that ,god  
can lead and we help4  ,let the fasting 
and prayer not be lacking4 ,when the    
right direction comes let ,jonathan take
 his armor-bearer and climb up on his   

hands and knees against the             
,philistines1 let ,paul go to           
,macedonia1 ,peter to ,cornelius1       
,wesley send help to ,america4  ,bishop 
,foss said1 in regard to several crises 
in a most serious sickness1 that ,christ
 always arrived before it came4  ,so in 
regard to work to be done4 ,the ,lord   
was in ,nineveh before ,jonah1 in       
,caesarea before ,peter1 and will be in 
the heart of every sinner we seek to get
 converted before we arrive4  ,any man  
who wants to do an immense business     
should seek a good partner4  ,we are    
workers together with ,god4  ,what is   
being done worthy of the copartnership8 
,,when ,,this ,,world ,,is ,,not99      
99,reprinted from the ,methodist        
,review4   ,the day of the ,lord will   
come 4 4 42 in which the heavens shall  
pass away with a great noise1 and the   
elements shall melt with fervent heat1  
the earth also and the works that are   
therein shall be burned up4  ,what is   
there after that8  ,to this question    

there are three answers3  ,i4 ,there are
 left all of what may be called natural 
forces that there were before the world 
was created4  ,they are not dependent on
 it4  ,the sea is not lost when one     
bubble or a thousand break on the rocky 
shore4 ,the world is not the main thing 
in the universe4  ,it is only a         
temporary contrivance1 a mere           
scaffolding for a special purpose4      
,when that purpose is fulfilled it is   
natural that it should pass away4  ,the 
time then comes when the voice that     
shook the earth should signify the      
removal of those things that are shaken1
 as of things that are made1 that those 
things which cannot be shaken may       
remain4  ,we already have a kingdom that
 cannot be moved4  ,the things which are
 seen are temporal2 but the things which
 are not seen are eternal4  ,it should  
not be supposed that the space away from
 the world is an empty desert4  ,god is 
everywhere1 and creative energy is      
omnipresent4 ,not merely is a millionth 

of space occupied where the worlds are1 
but all space is full of ,god and his   
manifestations of wisdom and power4     
,david could think of no place of hiding
 from that presence4  ,the first word of
 revelation is1 ,in the beginning ,god  
created the heaven4  ,and the great     
angel1 standing on sea and land when    
time is to be no longer1 swears by ,him 
who created heaven1 and the things that 
therein are1 in distinction from the    
earth and its things that are to be     
removed4  ,what ,god created with things
 that are therein is not empty4  ,poets1
 the true seers1 recognize this4  ,when 
,longfellow died one of them1           
remembering the heartbreaking hunt of   
,gabriel for ,evangeline1 and their     
passing each other on opposite sides of 
an island in the ,mississippi1 makes him
 say of his wife long since gone before3
    ,and now ,i shall seek her once     
more1     ,on some ,mississippi's vast  
tide   ,that flows the whole universe   
through1     ,than earth's widest rivers

 more wide4    ,evangeline ,i shall not 
miss     ,though we wander the dim      
starry sheen1   ,on opposite sides of   
rivers so vast     ,that islands of     
worlds intervene4  ,but what is there in
 space8  ,there is the great ceaseless  
force of gravitation4  ,though the      
weakest of natural forces1 yet when     
displayed in world-masses its might is  
measureless by man's arithmetic4  ,tie  
an apple or a stone to one end of a     
string1 and taking the other end whirl  
it around your finger1 noting its pull4 
,that depends on the weight of the      
whirling ball1 the length of the string1
 and the swiftness of the whirl4  ,the  
stone let loose from ,david's finger    
flies crashing into the head of         
,goliath4  ,but suppose the stone is    
eight thousand miles in diameter1 the   
string ninety-two million five hundred  
thousand miles long1 and the swiftness  
one thousand miles a minute1 what needs 
be the tensile strength of the string8  
,if we covered the whole side of the    

earth next the sun1 from pole to pole   
and from side to side1 with steel wires 
attaching the earth to the sun1 thus    
representing the tension of gravitation1
 the wires would need to be so many that
 a mouse could not run around among     
them4  ,there swings the moon above us4 
,its best service is not its light1     
though lovers prize that highly4  ,its  
gravitative work is its best4  ,it lifts
 the sea and pours it into every river  
and fiord of the coast4 ,our universal  
tug-boat is in the sky4  ,it saves      
millions of dollars in towage to ,london
 alone every year4  ,and this world     
would not be habitable without the moon 
to wash out every festering swamp and   
deposit of sewage along the shore4      
,gravitation reaches every place1       
whether worlds be there or not4  ,this  
force is universally present and        
effective4  ,in the possibilities of a  
no-world condition a spirit may be able 
to so relate itself to matter that      
gravitation would impart its incredible 

swiftness of transference to a soul thus
 temporarily relating itself to matter4 
,what gravitation does in the absence of
 the kind of matter we know it is       
difficult to assert4  ,but as will be   
seen in our second division there is    
still ample room for its exercise when  
worlds as such have ceased to be4  ,in  
space empty of worlds there is light4   
,it flies or runs one hundred and       
eighty-six thousand miles a second4     
,there must be somewhat on which its    
wing-beat shall fall1 stepping stones   
for its hurrying feet4 ,we call it      
ether1 not knowing what we mean4  ,but  
in this space is the play of intensest  
force and quickest activity4  ,there are
 hundreds of millions of millions of    
wing-beats or footfalls in a second4    
,mathematical necessities surpass mental
 conceptions4  ,in a cubic mile of space
 there are demonstrably seventy millions
 of foot tons of power4 ,steam and      
lightning have nothing comparable to the
 activity and power of the celestial    

ether4  ,sir ,william ,thompson thinks  
he has proved that a cubic mile of      
celestial ether may have as little as   
one billionth of a pound of ponderable  
matter4  ,it is too fine for our        
experimentation1 too strong for our     
measurement4  ,we must get rid of our   
thumby fingers first4  ,what is light   
doing in space8  ,that has greatly      
puzzled all philosophers4  ,without     
question there is inexpressible power4  
,it is seen in velocity4  ,but what is  
it doing8  ,the law of conservation of  
force forbids the thought that it can be
 wasted4  ,on the earth its power long  
ages ago was turned into coal4  ,the    
power was reservoired in mountains ready
 for man4  ,it is so great that a piece 
of coal that weighs the same as a silver
 dollar carries a ton's weight a mile at
 sea4  ,but what is the thousand million
 times more light than ever struck the  
earth doing in space8  ,that is among   
the things we want to find out when we  
get there4  ,there will be ample        

opportunity1 space1 time1 and light     
enough4  ,it is biblically asserted and 
scientifically demonstrable that space  
is full of causes of sound4  ,to anyone 
capable of turning these causes to      
effects this sound is not dull and      
monotonous1 but richly varied into      
songful music4  ,light makes its        
impression of color by its different    
number of vibrations4  ,so music sounds 
its keys4  ,we know the number of       
vibrations necessary for the note ,c of 
the soprano scale1 and the number that  
runs the pitch up to inaudibility4  ,we 
know the number of vibrations of light  
necessary to give us a sensation of red 
or violet4 ,these1 apprehended by a     
sufficiently sensitive ear1 pour not    
only light to one organ1 but tuneful    
harmonies to another4  ,the morning     
stars do sing together1 and when worlds 
are gone1 and heavy ears of clay laid   
down1 we may be able to hear them       
,singing as they shine1   ,the hand that
 made us is divine4  ,there are places  

where this music is so fine that the    
soft and soul-like sounds of a zephyr in
 the pines would be like a storm in     
comparison1 and places where the fierce 
intensity of light in a congeries of    
suns would make it seem as if all the   
stops of being from piccolo to sub-bass 
had been drawn4  ,no angel flying       
interstellar spaces1 no soul fallen     
overboard and left behind by a          
swift-sailing world1 need fear being    
left in awful silences4  ,there seems to
 be good evidence that electrical       
disturbances in the sun are almost      
instantly reported and effective on the 
earth4  ,it is evident that the         
destructive force in cyclones is not    
wind1 but electricity4  ,it is          
altogether likely that it is generated  
in the sun1 and that all the space      
between it and us thrills with this     
unknown power4#a  ,all astronomers      
except ,faye admit the connection       
between sun spots and the condition of  
the earth's magnetic elements4  ,the    

parallelism between auroral and sun-spot
 frequency is almost perfect4 ,that     
between sun spots and cyclones is as    
confidently asserted1 but not quite so  
demonstrable4  ,enough proof exists to  
make this clear1 that space may be full 
of higher ,andes and ,alps1 rivers      
broader than ,gulf ,streams1 skies      
brighter than the ,milky ,way1 more     
beautiful than the rainbow4             
,occasionally some scoffer who thinks he
 is smart and does not know that he is  
mistaken asks with an air of a ,socrates
 putting his last question3 ,you say    
that 'heaven is above us4'  ,but if one 
dies at noon and another at midnight1   
one goes toward ,orion and the other    
toward ,hercules2 or an ,eskimo goes    
toward ,polaris and a ,patagonian toward
 the coal-black hole in the sky near the
 south pole4  ,where is your heaven     
anyhow8  ,o sapient1 sapient questioner6
  ,heaven is above us1 you especially2  
but going in different directions from  
such a little world as this is no more  

than a bee's leaving different sides of 
a bruised pear exuding honey4  ,up or   
down he is in the same fragrant garden1 
warm1 light1 redolent of roses1         
tremulous with bird song1 amid a        
thousand caves of honeysuckles1         
illuminate seclusions swung in air to   
which his open sesame gives entrance at 
will4   ,,ii4  ,but there will be in    
space what the world has become4  ,it is
 nowhere intimated that matter had been 
annihilated4  ,worlds shall perish as   
worlds4  ,they shall wax old as doth a  
garment4  ,they will be folded up as a  
vesture1 and they shall be changed4     
,the motto with which this article began
 says heavens pass away1 elements melt1 
earth and its works are burned up4  ,but
 always after the heaven and earth pass 
away we are to look for new heavens and 
a new earth4  ,on all that ,god has made
 he has stamped the great principle of  
progress1 refinement1 development--rock 
to soil1 soil to vegetable life1 to     
insect1 bird1 and man4  ,each dies as to

 what it is1 that it may have           
resurrection or may feed something      
higher4  ,so1 in the light of           
revelation1 earth is not lost4  ,science
 comes1 after ages of creeping1 up to   
the same position4  ,it1 too1 asserts   
that matter is indestructible4  ,burn a 
candle in a great jar hermetically      
sealed4  ,the weight of the jar and     
contents is just the same after the     
burning as before4  ,a burned-up candle 
as big as the world will not be         
annihilated4  ,it will be changed4  ,it 
is necessary for us to get familiar with
 some of the protean metamorphoses of   
matter4  ,up at ,new ,almaden1 above the
 writer1 is a vast mass of porous lava  
rock into which has been infiltrated a  
great deal of mercury4  ,how shall we   
get it out8  ,you can jar out numberless
 minute globules by hand4  ,this metal1 
be it remembered1 is liquid1 and so     
heavy that solid iron floats in it as   
cork does in water4  ,now1 to get it out
 of the rock we apply fire1 and the     

mercury exhales away in the smoke4  ,the
 real task of scientific painstaking is 
to get that heavy stuff out of the smoke
 again4  ,it is changed1 volatilized1   
and it likes that state so well that it 
is very difficult to persuade it to come
 back to heaviness again4  ,take a great
 mass of marble4  ,it was not always a  
mountain4  ,it floated invisibly in the 
sea4  ,invisible animals took it up1    
particle by particle1 to build a        
testudo1 a traveling house1 for         
themselves4  ,the ephemeral life        
departing1 there was a rain of dead     
shells to make limestone masses at the  
bottom of the sea4  ,it will not always 
remain rock4  ,air and water            
disintegrate it once more4  ,little     
rootlets seize upon it and it goes      
coursing in the veins of plants4  ,it   
becomes fiber to the tree1 color to the 
rose1 and fragrance to the violet4      
,but1 whether floating invisibly in the 
water1 shell of infusoria in the seas1  
marble asleep in the ,pentelican hills1 

constituting the sparkle and fizz of    
soda water1 claiming the world's        
admiration as the ,venus de ,milo1 or   
giving beauty and meaning to the most   
fitting symbol that goes between lovers1
 it is still the same matter4  ,it may  
be diffused as gas or concentrated as a 
world1 but it is still the same matter4 
,matter is worthy of ,god's creation4   
,astronomy is awe-full2 microscopy is no
 less so4  ,astronomy means immensity1  
bulk2 atoms mean individuality4  ,the   
essence of matter seems to be spirit1   
personality4 ,it seems to be able to    
count1 or at least to be cognizant of   
certain exact quantities4  ,an atom of  
bromine will combine with one of        
hydrogen2 one of oxygen with two of     
hydrogen2 one of nitrogen with three of 
hydrogen2 one of silicon with four of   
hydrogen1 etc4  ,they marry without     
thought of divorce4  ,a group of atoms  
married by affinity is called a         
molecule4  ,two atoms of hydrogen joined
 to one of oxygen make water4  ,they are

 like three marbles laid near together  
on the ground1 not close together2 for  
we well know that water does not fill   
all the space it occupies4  ,we can put 
eight or ten similar bulks of other     
substances into a glass of water without
 greatly increasing its bulk1 some      
actually diminishing it4  ,water        
molecules are like a mass of shot1 with 
large interstices between4  ,drive the  
atoms of water apart by heat till the   
water becomes steam1 till they are as   
three marbles a larger distance apart1  
yet the molecule is not destroyed1 the  
union is still indissoluble4  ,one      
physicist has declared that the atoms of
 oxygen and hydrogen are probably not   
nearer to each other in water than one  
hundred and fifty men would be if       
scattered over the surface of           
,england--one man for each four hundred 
square miles4#b  ,what must the distance
 be in steam8 what the greater distance 
in the more extreme rarefactions8  ,it  
is asserted that millions of cubic miles

 of some comets tails would not make a  
cubic inch of matter solid as iron4     
,now1 when earth and oceans are changed 
to this sort of tenuity creations will  
be more easy4  ,we shall not be obliged 
to hew out our material with broadaxes1 
nor blast it out with dynamite4  ,let us
 not fear that these creations will not 
be permanent2 they will be enough so for
 our purpose4  ,we can then afford to   
waste more worlds in a day than dull    
stupidity can count in a lifetime4  ,we 
are getting used to this sort of work   
already4  ,when we reduce common air in 
a bulb to one one-thousandth of its     
normal density at the sea we get the    
possibility of continuous incandescent  
electric light by the vibration of      
platinum wire4  ,when we reduce it to a 
tenuity of one millionth of the normal  
density we get the possibility of the ,x
 rays by vibrations of itself without   
any platinum wire4  ,the greater the    
tenuity the greater the creative        
results4  ,for example1 water in        

freezing exerts an expansive1 thrusting 
force of thirty thousand pounds to the  
square inch1 over two thousand tons to  
the square foot2 an incomprehensible    
force1 but applicable in nature to      
little besides splitting rocks4  ,on the
 other hand1 when water is rarefied into
 steam its power is vastly more         
versatile1 tractable1 and serviceable in
 a thousand ways4  ,take a bit of metal 
called zinc4  ,it is heavy1 subject to  
gravitation1 solid1 subject to cohesion4
  ,but cause it to be burned1 to pass   
away1 and be changed4  ,to do this we   
use fire1 not the ordinary kind1 but    
liquid that we keep in a bottle and call
 acid4  ,the zinc is burned up4  ,what  
becomes of it8  ,it becomes electricity4
  ,how changed6 ,it is no longer solid1 
but is a live fire that rings bells in  
our houses1 picks up our thought and    
pours it into the ear of a friend miles 
away by the telephone1 or thousands of  
miles away by the telegraph4  ,burning  
up is only the means of a new and higher

 life4  ,ah1 delicate ,ariel1 tricksy   
sprite1 the only way to get you is to   
burn up the solid body4  ,the           
possibility of rare creation depends on 
rare material1 on spirit-like tenuity4  
,and that is what the world goes into4  
,there is a substance called nitrite of 
amyl1 known to many as a medicine for   
heart disease4  ,it is applied by       
inhaling its odor--a style of very much 
rarefied application4  ,fill a tube with
 its vapor4  ,it is invisible as        
ordinary air in daylight4  ,but pour a  
beam of direct sunlight from end to end 
along its major axis4  ,a dense cloud   
forms along the path of the sunbeam2    
creation is going on4  ,what the sun may
 do in the thinner vapors the world goes
 into when burned up will be for us to  
find out when we get there4  ,standing  
on ,popocatepetl we have seen a sea of  
clouds below1 white as the light of     
transfiguration1 tossed into waves a    
mile high by the touch of the sunbeam4  
,creative ordering was observed in      

actual process4  ,it is done under our  
eyes to show us how easy it is4  ,would 
it be any less glorious if there were no
 ,popocatepetl8  ,a thrush among vines  
outside is just now showing us how easy 
it is to create an ecstasy of music out 
of silence4  ,she has only to open her  
mouth and the innate aptitudes of air   
rush in to actualize her creative wish4 
,not only is it easy for the bird1 but  
she is even provoked to this love and   
good works by the creation of a rainbow 
on the retreating blackness of a storm  
yonder4  ,thunder is the sub-bass nature
 furnishes her1 and thus invites her to 
add the complementary notes4  ,some one 
may think that all this tenuity is as   
vaporous as the stuff that dreams are   
made of1 and call for solid rocks for   
foundations4 ,perhaps we may so call    
while we have material bodies of two    
hundred pounds' weight4  ,yet even these
 bodies are delicate enough to be       
valuable to us solely because they have 
the utmost chemical stability4 ,we are  

burning up their substance with every   
breath in order to have delicacy of     
feeling and thought4  ,what were a      
wooden body worth8 ,substances are      
valuable to us according to their       
fineness and facility of change4  ,even 
iron is mobile in all its particles4    
,we call it solid1 but it is not4  ,we  
lift our eyes from this writing and     
behold the tumbling surf of the great   
,pacific sea4  ,line after line of its  
billows are charging on the shore and   
tumbling in utmost confusion and roar of
 advancing and refluent waves4  ,so the 
iron of the telephone wire4  ,you often 
hold the receiver to your ear listening1
 not to the voice of business or        
friendship of men1 but to the gentle hum
 of the rolling surf in the wire's own  
substance4  ,and1 in order that we may  
know the essential stability of things  
that are fine1 we are told that the city
 which hath enduring foundations is in  
the spirit world1 not this kind of      
material4  ,the whole new ,jerusalem to 

come down out of heaven1 prepared as a  
bride adorned for her husband1 is as    
movable as a train of cars is movable   
here4  ,there may still be rainbows and 
rivers of life if there are no more     
rocks4  ,there is a real realm of       
scientific imagination4  ,but all our   
imaginings fall far short of realities4 
,some men do not desire this realm1 and 
demand solid rocks to walk on4  ,but a  
bird does not4  ,he oars himself along  
the upper fields and rides on air4  ,so 
does a bicyclist and balloonist4  ,some 
men have a sort of contempt for         
aeronauts and workers at flying         
machines4 ,that feeling is a testimony  
to their depravity and groveling        
tendencies4  ,aeronautics and nautics   
are an effort toward angelhood4 ,men can
 walk water who are willing to take a   
boat for an overshoe4  ,so we may air   
when we get the right shoe4  ,browning  
gives us a delicious sense of being     
amphibian as we swim4  ,and the         
butterfly1 that winged rather than      

rooted flower1 looking down upon us as  
we float1 begets in us a great longing  
to be polyphibian4  ,we have innate     
tendencies toward a life of finer       
surroundings1 and we shall take to them 
with zest1 if we are not too much of the
 earth earthy4  ,we were designed for   
this finer life4  ,we do take to it even
 now in the days of our deterioration1  
not to say depravity4  ,the great       
marvels of the world are not so much in 
matter as in man4  ,we were meant to be 
more sensitive to finer influences than 
we are4  ,we are far more so than we    
think4  ,take your child into the       
street4  ,another child coughs at a     
window on the other side1 and your child
 has three months of terrific           
whooping-cough4  ,all such diseases are 
taken by homeopathic doses of the       
millionth dilution4  ,many people feel  
in their bones the coming of storms days
 before their arrival4  ,we knew a man  
who ate honey with delight till he was  
twenty-five years old1 and then could do

 so no more4  ,this peculiarity he      
inherited from his father4  ,one man has
 an insatiable desire for drink because 
some ancestor of his1 back in the third 
or fourth generation1 bequeathed him    
that curse4  ,in the ,south you can go a
 mile in the face of the wind and find  
that peerless blossom of a magnolia by  
following the drift of its far-reaching 
odor4 ,who has not received a letter and
 knew before opening it that it had     
violets within8  ,it had atmosphered    
itself with rich perfume1 and something 
far richer1 for three thousand miles4   
,the first influences which came over   
the ,atlantic cable were so feeble that 
a sleeping infant's breath were a       
whirlwind in comparison4  ,but they were
 read4 ,it is no wonder that the old    
astrologers thought that men's whole    
lives were influenced by the stars4     
,every vegetable life1 from the meanest 
flower that blows to the largest tree1  
has its whole existence shaped by the   
sun4  ,doubtless man's body was meant to

 be an ,aeolian 7how the vowels and     
liquids flow into the very name67 harp  
of a thousand strings over which a      
thousand delicate influences might      
breathe4  ,soul was meant to be         
sensitive to the influences of the      
,spirit4  ,this capability has been     
somewhat lost in our deterioration4  ,to
 recover these finer faculties men are  
required to die4  ,and for the field of 
exercising them the world must be       
changed4  ,paul understood this4  ,he   
associated some sort of perfection with 
the resurrection1 with the buying back  
of the powers of the body4  ,and the    
whole creation waiteth for the          
apocalypse of the full-sized sons of    
,god4  ,does one fear the change from   
gross to fine1 from force of freezing to
 the winged energy of steam1 from solid 
zinc to lightning8  ,our whole desire   
for education is a desire for refining  
influences4  ,we know there is a higher 
love for country than that begotten by  
the fanfare of the ,fourth of ,july4    

,there is a smile of joy at our         
country's education and purity finer    
than the guffaws provoked by hearing the
 howls of a dog and the explosions of   
firecrackers when the two are           
inextricably mixed4  ,there is a flame  
of religious love when the heart        
sacrifices itself in humble realization 
of the joy of its adorable love purer   
than the fierce fire of the hating heart
 that applies the torch to the martyr's 
pyre4  ,we give our lives to seeking    
these higher refinements because they   
are stronger and more like ,god4  ,does 
one fear to leave bodily appetites and  
passions for spiritual aptitudes fitted 
to finer surroundings8  ,he should not4 
,man has had two modes of life          
already--one1 slightly conscious1       
closely confined1 peculiarly nourished1 
in the dark1 without the possible       
exercise of any one of the five senses4 
,that is prenatal4  ,he comes into the  
next life4  ,at once he breathes1 often 
vociferously1 looks about with eyes of  

wonder1 nourishes himself with avidity1 
is fitted to his new surroundings1 his  
immensely wider life1 and finds his     
superior companions and surroundings    
fitted to him1 even to his finest need  
for love4  ,why hesitate for a third    
mode of life8  ,he loses modes of       
nourishment2 so he has before4  ,he     
loses relations to former life2 so he   
has before4  ,he comes into new         
companionships and surroundings2 so he  
has before4  ,but each time and in every
 respect his powers1 possibilities1 and 
field have been immensely enlarged4     
,o the hour when this material          
,shall have vanished like a cloud1      
,when amid the wide ethereal     ,all   
the invisible shall crowd4   ,in that   
sudden1 strange transition1     ,by what
 new and finer sense   ,shall we grasp  
the mighty vision1     ,and receive the 
influence8  ,knowledge of the third     
state of man is not so difficult to     
attain in the second as knowledge of the
 second was in the first4  ,if a fit    

intelligence should study a specimen of 
man about to emerge from its first stage
 of existence1 it could judge much of   
the conditions of the second4  ,feet    
suggest solid land2 lungs suggest liquid
 air2 eyes1 light2 hands1               
acquisitiveness1 and hence dominion2    
tongue1 talk1 and hence companions1 etc4
  ,what fore-gleams have we of the      
future life8 ,they are from two         
sources--revelation and present         
aptitudes not yet realized4  ,what feet 
have we for undiscovered continents1    
what wings for wider and finer airs1    
what eyes for diviner light8            
,everything tells us that such aptitudes
 have fit field for development4  ,the  
water fowl flies through night and      
storm1 lone wandering but not lost1     
straight to the south with instinct for 
mild airs1 food1 and a nest among the   
rushes4  ,it is not disappointed4  ,man 
has an instinct for dominion which      
cannot be gratified here4  ,he weeps for
 more worlds to conquer4  ,he is only a 

boy yet1 getting a grip on the hilt of  
the sword of conquest1 feeling for some 
,prospero's wand that is able to command
 the tempest4  ,when he gets the proper 
pitch of power1 take away his body1 and 
he is1 as ,richter says1 no more afraid1
 and he is also free from the binding   
effect of gravitation4  ,then there are 
worlds enough1 and every one a          
lighthouse to guide him to its harbor4  
,they all seek a ,columbus with more    
allurements than ,america did hers4     
,dominion over ten cities is the reward 
for faithfulness in the use of a single 
talent4  ,man has an instinct for travel
 and speed4  ,to travel a couple of     
months is a sufficient reward for a     
thousand toilful days4  ,he earnestly   
desires speed1 develops race horses and 
bicycles to surpass them1 yachts1 and   
engines4  ,not satisfied with this1 he  
harnesses lightning that takes his mind1
 his thought1 to the ends of the earth  
in a twinkling4  ,but he is stopped     
there4  ,how he yearns to go to the     

moon1 the sun1 and stars6  ,but he could
 not take his present body through the  
temperatures of space three or four     
hundred degrees below zero4  ,so he must
 find a way of disembodying and of      
attachment to some force swift as       
lightning1 of which there are plenty in 
the spaces when the world has ceased to 
be a world4  ,it is all provided for by 
death4  ,man has an instinct for        
knowledge not gratified nor gratifiable 
in the present narrow bounds that hedge 
him in like walls of hewn stone4  ,a    
thousand questions he cannot solve about
 himself1 his relations to others and to
 the world about him1 beset him here4   
,there he shall know even as he is known
 by perfect intelligence4  ,here he has 
an instinct for love that is            
unsunderable4  ,but the wails of        
separation have filled the air since    
,eve shrieked over ,abel4 ,husbands and 
fathers are ever crying3    ,immortal8  
,i feel it and know it4     ,who doubts 
of such as she8   ,but that's the pang's

 very essence1     ,immortal away from  
me4  ,but there1 in finer realms1 shall 
be a knitting of severed friendships up 
to be sundered no more forever4         
,specially has man sought in this stage 
of being to know ,god4  ,job1 in his    
pain and loss1 assailed by the cruel    
rebukes of his friends and desolate by  
the desertion of his wife1 says1 ,o that
 ,i knew where ,i might find him4       
,david cries out while his tears are    
flowing day and night1 ,as the hart     
panteth after the water brooks1 so      
panteth my soul after thee1 ,o ,god4    
,my soul thirsteth for ,god1 for the    
living ,god3 when shall ,i come and     
appear before ,god8  ,moses1 in the     
broadest of visions1 material1 historic1
 prophetic1 says to ,god1 ,show me thy  
glory4  ,and common men have always     
turned the high places of earth to altar
 piles1 and blackened the heavens with  
the smoke of their sacrifices4  ,but the
 means of knowing ,god are to be        
increased4  ,the very essence of life   

eternal is to know the true ,god1 and   
,jesus ,christ whom he has sent4  ,great
 pains have been taken to manifest forth
 ,god to dull senses and to oxlike      
thoughts here2 greater pains1 with      
better results1 shall be taken there4   
,every reader of the ,apocalypse notices
 with joy1 if not rapture1 that when the
 book that was sealed with seven seals1 
which no man in heaven1 nor earth1 was  
able to reveal1 nor open1 nor even look 
upon1 was finally opened by the ,lamb1  
and its marvelous panoramas1 charades1  
and symbolic significances had to be    
carefully explained to ,john1 the man   
best able of any to understand them--we 
observe with rapture that the regular   
inhabitants of that hitherto unseen     
world understood all at once1 and broke 
into shouts like the sound of these many
 waters in a storm4  ,above all these   
superior manifestations in finer realms 
the pure in heart shall see ,god4       
,,iii4 ,but there is in space what there
 was before the world began4 ,philosophy

 asserts that the invisible universe is 
a perfect fluid in which not even atoms 
exist1 and atoms are produced therefrom 
by the ,first ,great ,cause by creation1
 not by development4  ,this conception  
is full of difficulties to thought4  ,we
 cannot even agree whether creation was 
in time or eternity4  ,but all agree in 
this1 that the invisible is rapidly     
absorbing all the force at least of the 
visible universe1 and that when force is
 gone the corpse will not remain        
unburied4  ,indeed1 when the range of   
seeing puts the size of an atom at less 
than one                                
two-hundred-and-twenty-four-thousandth  
of an inch1 and when the range of       
thinking puts it at less than one       
six-millionth of an inch1 many prefer to
 consider an atom as a center of force  
and not as a material entity at all4    
,but1 amid uncertainties1 this is       
certain1 that the forces of the visible 
worlds are extraneous4  ,they come out  
of the invisible4  ,they are all also   

returning to the invisible2 that is what
 light is doing in space1 previously    
referred to4  ,this incredibly          
high-class energy is not banking up coal
 in the celestial ether as it did on the
 earth1 but is returning to the quick1  
mobile forces of the invisible worlds4  
,one thing more is certain1 that the    
origin of all the forces of the         
invisible is in personality2 for the    
atom1 it is agreed1 bears all the marks 
of being a manufactured article4        
,different-sized shot could not have    
greater uniformity of structure and     
constitution4  ,and their whole behavior
 shows that they are controlled by an   
admirable wisdom past finding out4      
,that these forces exist and are        
necessarily active there are three      
proofs4  ,worlds have been made1 not of 
things and forces that do appear4  ,they
 were abundantly displayed in the       
physical miracles of ,christ and others2
 and these forces1 independently of the 
physical miracles at various times1 have

 continuously helped men4  7#a7         
,concerning the first fact--that worlds 
have been made--nothing need be said    
except that these forces1 being         
personal1 cannot be supposed to be      
exhausted1 and hence creations can go on
 continuously4  ,we are assured that    
they do4  ,and the personal element more
 and more relates itself to             
personalities4  ,i go to prepare a place
 for you1 to fit up a mansion according 
to tastes1 needs1 and enjoyments of the 
future occupant4  7#b7 ,this is the     
place to assert1 not to prove1 that this
 visible world has always been subject  
to the forces of the invisible world4   
,it does not matter whether these forces
 are personal or personally directed4   
,its waters divide1 gravitation at that 
point being overcome2 they harden for a 
path1 or bodies are levitated2 they burn
 by a fire as fierce as that which plays
 between two electric poles4  ,these    
forces are not the ordinary endowments  
of matter2 they step out of the realm of

 the greater invisible1 execute their   
mission1 and1 like an angel's sudden    
appearance1 disappear4  ,who knows how  
frequently they come8  ,we1 for whose   
sake all nature stands and stars their  
courses move1 may need more frequent    
motherly attentions than the infant     
knows of4  ,they will not be lacking1   
even if not sufficiently evident to the 
infant to be cried for4  ,your heavenly 
,father knoweth that ye have need of all
 these things4  7#c7 ,it is here        
designed to be asserted that the forces 
of the invisible seek to be continually 
in full play on the intellectual and    
moral natures of man4  ,our unique      
,christian ,scriptures have this thought
 for their whole significance4  ,it     
begins with ,god's walking with ,adam in
 the garden1 and goes on till it is     
said1 ,come1 ye blessed of my ,father1  
inherit the kingdom prepared for you1 in
 the invisible1 and by the invisible1   
from before the foundation of the       
visible world4  ,it includes all time   

and opportunity between and after2 we   
need specify only to intensify the      
conception of the fact4  ,paul says1    
,having therefore obtained help of ,god1
 ,i continue unto this day1 when        
otherwise oppressive circumstances and  
hate of men seeking to kill him would   
have prevented his continuing in life4  
,it is possible for all who believe to  
be given power1 out of the invisible1 to
 become sons of ,god4  ,it has been said
 that there is power and continuousness 
enough in the tides1 winds1 rotating and
 revolving worlds for man to make a     
machine for perpetual motion4  ,the only
 difficulty is to belt on4  ,the great  
object of life in the visible should be 
to belt on to the invisible4  ,our great
 ,example who did this made his ordinary
 doing better than common men's best1   
his parentheses of thought richer than  
other men's paragraphs and volumes4     
,and he left on record for us promises  
of greater works than these1 at which we
 stagger through unbelief4  ,we should  

not2 for men who have lived by the      
evidence of things not seen1 and sought 
a city that received ,jesus out of      
sight1 have found that ,god is not      
ashamed to be called their ,god4  ,they 
have wrought marvels that men tell over 
like a rosary of what is possible to    
men4  ,it is beyond the belief of all   
who have not been touched by the power  
of an endless life4  ,but what they do  
is chiefly valuable as evidence of what 
they are4  ,it is little that men quench
 the violence of fire1 and receive their
 dead raised to life again4  ,it is     
great that they are able to do it4      
,that they hold the hand that holds the 
world is something4  ,but that they have
 eyes to see1 a wisdom to choose1 and   
will to execute the best1 is more4      
,fire may kindle again and the          
resurrected die1 but the great          
personality survives4  ,these forces are
 not discontinuous1 connected with this 
temporary world1 and liable to cease    
when it fails4  ,they belong to the     

permanent1 invisible order of things4   
,suppose one loses his body4 ,then there
 is no force whereby earth can hold its 
child any longer to its breast4  ,it    
flies on at terrific speed1 dwindling to
 a speck in unknown distances1 and      
leaving the man amid infinitudes alone4 
,but there are other attractions4       
,there was ,one uplifted on a cross to  
draw all men unto him4  ,love has finer 
attraction for souls than gravitation   
has for bodies4    ,then all his being  
thrills with ,joy4  ,and past   ,the    
comets' sweep1 the choral stars above1  
,with multiplying raptures drawn more   
swift   ,he flies into the very heart of
 love4  ,it is hoped that the object of 
this writing is accomplished--to widen  
our view of the great principle of      
continuity in the universe4  ,it is not 
sought to dwarf the earth1 but to fit it
 rightly into its place as a part of a  
great whole4  ,it is better for a state 
to be a part of a glorious union than to
 be independent2 better for a man to    

belong to the entirety of creation than 
to be ,robinson ,crusoe on his island4  
,we belong to more than this earth4  ,it
 is not of the greatest importance      
whether we lose it or it lose itself4   
,we look for a new heavens and a new    
earth4  ,we are1 or should be1 used to  
their forces1 and at home among their   
personalities4  ,this universe is a     
unity4  ,it is not made up of separate1 
catastrophic movements1 but it all flows
 on like the sweetly blended notes of a 
psalm4  ,therefore will not we fear1    
though the earth be removed1 and though 
the mountains be carried into the midst 
of the sea2 though the heavens be rolled
 together as a scroll1 the stars fall1  
even as a fig tree casteth her untimely 
figs1 when it is shaken with the wind1  
and though our bodies are whelmed in the
 removal of things that can be shaken4  
,for even then we may find the calm     
force that shakes the earth is the force
 that is from everlasting to            
everlasting2 may find that it is        

personal and loving4  ,it says1 ,lo1 it 
is ,i2 be not afraid4  ,whatever comes1 
whether one sail the spaces in the great
 ship we call the world1 or fall        
overboard into ,mississippis and        
,amazons of power in which worlds are   
mere drifting islands1 he will be at    
peace and at home anywhere4  ,he will   
ever say3    ,the winds that o'er my    
ocean run   ,blow from all worlds1      
beyond the sun2   ,through life1 through
 death1 through faith1 through time1    
,great breaths of ,god1 they sweep      
sublime1   ,eternal trades that cannot  
veer1   ,and blowing1 teach us how to   
steer2   ,and well for him whose joy1   
whose care1   ,is but to keep before    
them fair4    ,o thou1 ,god's mariner1  
heart of mine1   ,spread canvas to these
 airs divine4   ,spread sail and let thy
 past life be   ,forgotten in thy       
destiny4    #a,the action that drives   
off the material of a comet's tail      
proves that other forces besides        
gravitation are operative in the        

interplanetary space4--,the ,sun1 ,c4   
,a4 ,young1 p4 #aef4  #b,see            
,recreations in ,astronomy1 p4 #ceg4