,,lysis  ,by ,plato   ,translat$ by     
,b5jam9 ,j[ett     ,,introduction4  ,no 
answ] is giv5 9 ! ,lysis to ! "q1 ',:at 
is ,fri5d%ip8' any m ?an 9 ! ,*>mides to
 ! "q1 ',:at is ,temp]ance8' ,!re are   
sev]al resemblances 9 ! two ,dialogues3 
! same y\?fulness & s5se ( beauty       
p]vades bo? ( !m2 !y are alike ri* 9 !  
description ( ,greek life4 ,! "q is aga9
 rais$ ( ! relation ( k to virtue &     
good1 :i* also recurs 9 ! ,la*es2 &     
,socrates appe>s aga9 z ! eld] fri5d ( !
 two boys1 ,lysis & ,m5ex5us4 ,9 !      
,*>mides1 z also 9 ! ,la*es1 he is      
describ$ z middle-ag$2 9 ! ,lysis he is 
advanc$ 9 ye>s4  ,! ,dialogue consi/s ( 
two sc5es or conv]sations :i* seem to h 
no relation to ea* o!r4 ,! fir/ is a    
conv]sation betwe5 ,socrates & ,lysis1  
:o1 l ,*>mides1 is an ,a!nian y\? (     
noble desc5t & ( great beauty1 goodness1
 & intellig5ce3 ?is is c>ri$ on 9 !     
abs5ce ( ,m5ex5us1 :o is call$ away to  
take "p 9 a sacrifice4 ,socrates asks   
,lysis :e!r 8 fa!r & "m d n love him v  

mu*8 ',to be sure !y d4' ',!n ( c\rse !y
 all[ him to d exactly z he likes4' ',( 
c\rse n3 ! v slaves h m lib]ty ?an he   
has4' ',b h[ is ?is8' ',! reason is t he
 is n old en\gh4' ',no2 ! real reason is
 t he is n wise en\gh3 = are !re n "s   
?+s :i* he is all[$ to d1 al?\gh he is n
 all[$ to d o!rs8' ',yes1 because he    
kn[s !m1 & does n "k ! o!rs4' ,?is leads
 to ! conclusion t all m5 ev]y:]e w tru/
 him 9 :at he kn[s1 b n 9 :at he does n 
"k2 = 9 su* matt]s he w be unpr(itable  
to !m1 & d !m no good4 ,& no "o w love  
him1 if he does !m no good2 & he c only 
d !m good by k2 & z he is /ill )\t k1 he
 c h z yet no conceit ( k4 ,9 ?is mann] 
,socrates reads a lesson to ,hippo?ales1
 ! fooli% lov] ( ,lysis1 respect+ ! /yle
 ( conv]sation :i* he %\ld address to 8 
belov$4  ,aft] ! return ( ,m5ex5us1     
,socrates1 at ! reque/ ( ,lysis1 asks   
him a new "q3 ',:at is fri5d%ip8 ,y1    
,m5ex5us1 :o h a fri5d already1 c tell  
me1 :o am always long+ to f9d "o1 :at is
 ! secret ( ?is great bless+4'  ,:5 "o  

man loves ano!r1 :i* is ! fri5d--he :o  
loves1 or he :o is lov$8 ,or are bo?    
fri5ds8 ,f ! fir/ ( ^! suppositions !y  
are driv5 to ! second2 & f ! second to !
 ?ird2 & nei!r ! two boys nor ,socrates 
are satisfi$ ) any ( ! ?ree or ) all (  
!m4 ,socrates turns to ! poets1 :o      
affirm t ,god br+s l to l 7,hom]71 & to 
philosoph]s 7,emp$ocles71 :o also ass]t 
t l is ! fri5d ( l4 ,b ! bad are n      
fri5ds1 = !y are n ev5 l !mselves1 &    
/ill less are !y l "o ano!r4 ,& ! good h
 no ne$ ( "o ano!r1 & !re=e d n c>e ab\t
 "o ano!r4 ,moreov] !re are o!rs :o say 
t lik5ess is a cause ( av]sion1 &       
unlik5ess ( love & fri5d%ip2 & !y too   
adduce ! au?ority ( poets & philosoph]s 
9 support ( _! doctr9es2 = ,hesiod says 
t 'pott] is jeal\s ( pott]1 b>d ( b>d2' 
& subtle doctors tell u t 'moi/ is !    
fri5d ( dry1 hot ( cold1' & ! l4 ,b     
nei!r c _! doctr9e be ma9ta9$2 = !n ! j 
w\ld be ! fri5d ( ! unju/1 good ( evil4 
,?us we arrive at ! conclusion t l is n 
! fri5d ( l1 nor unlike ( unlike2 &     

!re=e good is n ! fri5d ( good1 nor evil
 ( evil1 nor good ( evil1 nor evil (    
good4 ,:at rema9s b t ! indiff]5t1 :i*  
is nei!r good nor evil1 %\ld be ! fri5d 
7n ( ! indiff]5t1 = t w\ld be 'l ! fri5d
 ( l1' b7 ( ! good1 or r ( ! beautiful8 
,b :y %\ld ! indiff]5t h ?is atta*m5t to
 ! beautiful or good8 ,!re are          
circum/ances "u :i* su* an atta*m5t w\ld
 be natural4 ,suppose ! indiff]5t1 say !
 human body1 to be desir\s ( gett+ rid (
 "s evil1 su* z disease1 :i* is n       
ess5tial b only accid5tal to x 7= if !  
evil 7 ess5tial ! body w\ld cease to be 
indiff]5t1 & w\ld become evil7--9 su* a 
case ! indiff]5t becomes a fri5d ( !    
good = ! sake ( gett+ rid ( ! evil4 ,9  
?is int]m$iate 'indiff]5t' position !   
philosoph] or lov] ( wisdom /&s3 he is n
 wise1 & yet n unwise1 b he has         
ignorance accid5tally cl++ to him1 & he 
ye>ns = wisdom z ! cure ( ! evil4       
7,symp47  ,aft] ?is explanation has be5 
receiv$ ) triumphant accord1 a fre%     
dissatisfaction beg9s to /eal ov] ! m9d 

( ,socrates3 ,mu/ n fri5d%ip be = ! sake
 ( "s ult]ior end8 & :at c t f9al cause 
or end ( fri5d%ip be1 o!r ?an ! good8 ,b
 ! good is desir$ by u only z ! cure (  
evil2 & !re=e if !re 7 no evil !re w\ld 
be no fri5d%ip4 ,"s o!r explanation !n  
has to be devis$4 ,may n desire be !    
s\rce ( fri5d%ip8 ,& desire is ( :at a  
man wants & ( :at is cong5ial to him4 ,b
 !n ! cong5ial _c be ! same z ! l2 = l1 
z has be5 already %[n1 _c be ! fri5d (  
l4 ,nor c ! cong5ial be ! good2 = good  
is n ! fri5d ( good1 z has be5 also %[n4
 ,! problem is unsolv$1 & ! ?ree fri5ds1
 ,socrates1 ,lysis1 & ,m5ex5us1 are /ill
 unable to f9d out :at a fri5d is4      
,?us1 z 9 ! ,*>mides & ,la*es1 & sev]al 
( ! o!r ,dialogues ( ,plato 7comp>e     
especially ! ,protagoras & ,!aetetus71  
no conclusion is arriv$ at4 ,socrates   
ma9ta9s 8 "* ( a '"k no?+2' b ! boys h  
already le>n$ ! lesson :i* he is unable 
to tea* !m1 & !y are free f ! conceit ( 
k4 7,comp>e ,*rm47 ,! dialogue is :at   
w\ld be call$ 9 ! language ( ,?rasyllus 

t5tative or inquisitive4 ,! subject is  
cont9u$ 9 ! ,pha$rus & ,symposium1 &    
treat$1 ) a manife/ ref]5ce to ! ,lysis1
 9 ! eigh? & n9? books ( ! ,nicoma*ean  
,e?ics ( ,ari/otle4 ,z 9 o!r writ+s (   
,plato 7= example1 ! ,republic71 !re is 
a progress f unconsci\s morality1       
illu/rat$ by ! fri5d%ip ( ! two y\?s1 & 
also by ! say+s ( ! poets 7':o are our  
fa!rs 9 wisdom1' & yet only tell u half 
! tru?1 & 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance are n  
mu* improv$ ^u by ! philosoph]s71 to a m
 compreh5sive notion ( fri5d%ip4 ,?is1  
h[ev]1 is f> f be+ cle>$ ( its          
p]plexity4 ,two notions appe> to be     
/ruggl+ or balanc+ 9 ! m9d (            
,socrates3--,fir/1 ! s5se t fri5d%ip    
arises out ( human ne$s & wants2        
,secondly1 t ! high] =m or ideal (      
fri5d%ip exi/s only = ! sake ( ! good4  
,t fri5ds are n necess>ily ei!r l or    
unlike1 is also a tru? confirm$ by      
exp]i5ce4 ,b ! use ( ! t]ms 'l' or      
'good' is too /rictly limit$2 ,socrates 
has all[$ himself to be c>ri$ away by a 

sort ( eri/ic or illogical logic aga9/  
:i* no def9ition ( fri5d%ip w\ld be able
 to /&4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! argum5t he makes 
a di/9ction betwe5 prop]ty & accid5t :i*
 is a real contribution to ! sci5ce (   
logic4 ,"s high] tru?s appe> ?r\gh !    
mi/4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! field ( argum5t is
 wid5$1 z 9 ! ,*>mides & ,la*es by !    
introduction ( ! idea ( k1 s "h by !    
introduction ( ! good1 is des]v+ (      
att5tion4 ,! s5se ( ! int]-dep5d5ce (   
good & evil1 & ! allusion to !          
possibility ( ! non-exi/5ce ( evil1 are 
also v rem>kable4  ,! dialectical int]e/
 is fully su/a9$ by ! dramatic          
accompanim5ts4 ,obs]ve1 fir/1 ! sc5e1   
:i* is a ,greek ,palae/ra1 at a "t :5 a 
sacrifice is go+ on1 & ! ,h]maea are 9  
c\rse ( celebration2 secondly1 !        
'accu/om$ irony' ( ,socrates1 :o        
decl>es1 z 9 ! ,symposium1 t he is      
ignorant ( all o!r ?+s1 b claims to h a 
k ( ! my/]ies ( love4 ,!re are likewise 
sev]al contra/s ( "*2 fir/ ( ! dry1     
cau/ic ,ctesippus1 ( :om ,socrates      

pr(esses a humor\s sort ( fe>1 &        
,hippo?ales ! flighty lov]1 :o murd]s   
sleep by bawl+ out ! "n ( 8 belov$2 !re 
is also a contra/ betwe5 ! false1       
exagg]at$1 s5tim5tal love ( ,hippo?ales 
t[>ds ,lysis1 & ! *ildlike & innoc5t    
fri5d%ip ( ! boys ) "o ano!r4 ,"s       
diff]5ce appe>s to be int5d$ betwe5 !   
*>act]s ( ! m talkative ,m5ex5us & !    
res]v$ & simple ,lysis4 ,socrates draws 
out ! latt] by a new sort ( irony1 :i*  
is sometimes adopt$ 9 talk+ to *ildr51 &
 consi/s 9 ask+ a lead+ "q :i* c only be
 answ]$ 9 a s5se contr>y to ! int5tion (
 ! "q3 ',y\r fa!r & "m ( c\rse all[ y to
 drive ! *>iot8' ',no !y d n4' ,:5      
,m5ex5us returns1 ! s]i\s dialectic     
beg9s4 ,he is describ$ z 'v pugnaci\s1' 
& we are ?us prep>$ = ! "p :i* a m]e y\?
 takes 9 a difficult argum5t4 ,b ,plato 
has n =gott5 dramatic propriety1 &      
,socrates proposes at la/ to ref] ! "q  
to "s old] p]son4   ,,"s ,,que/ions     
,,relat+ ,,to ,,fri5d%ip4  ,! subject ( 
fri5d%ip has a l[] place 9 ! mod]n ?an 9

 ! anci5t _w1 p>tly because a high]     
place is assign$ by u to love & m>riage4
 ,! v mean+ ( ! ^w has become slight] & 
m sup]ficial2 x seems almo/ to be borr[$
 f ! anci5ts1 & has ne>ly disappe>$ 9   
mod]n treatises on ,moral ,philosophy4  
,! receiv$ examples ( fri5d%ip are to be
 f\nd *iefly among ! ,greeks & ,romans4 
,h5ce ! casui/ical or o!r que/ions :i*  
arise out ( ! relations ( fri5ds h n (t5
 be5 consid]$ s]i\sly 9 mod]n times4 ,_m
 ( !m w be f\nd to be ! same :i* are    
discuss$ 9 ! ,lysis4 ,we may ask )      
,socrates1 #a7 :e!r fri5d%ip is '(      
simil>s or dissimil>s1' or ( bo?2 #b7   
:e!r su* a tie exi/s betwe5 ! good only 
& = ! sake ( ! good2 or #c7 :e!r !re may
 n be "s peculi> attraction1 :i* draws  
toge!r '! nei!r good nor evil' = ! sake 
( ! good & because ( ! evil2 #d7 :e!r   
fri5d%ip is always mutual1--may !re n be
 a "o-sid$ & unrequit$ fri5d%ip8 ,?is   
"q1 :i*1 l _m o!rs1 is only "o ( a lax] 
or /rict] use ( words1 seems to h       
greatly ex]cis$ ! m9ds bo? ( ,ari/otle &

 ,plato4  #e7 ,c we expect fri5d%ip to  
be p]man5t1 or mu/ we ackn[l$ge )       
,cic]o1 ',nihil difficilius quam        
amicitiam usque ad extremum vitae       
p]man]e'8 ,is n fri5d%ip1 ev5 m ?an     
love1 liable to be sway$ by ! caprices (
 fancy8 ,! p]son :o pleas$ u mo/ at fir/
 sight or ^u a slight acqua9tance1 :5 we
 h se5 him aga91 & "u diff]5t           
circum/ances1 may make a mu* less       
fav\rable impression on our m9ds4 ,"y p 
swe> 'et]nal fri5d%ips1' b at ^! innoc5t
 p]juries _! eld]s laugh4 ,no "o =ms a  
fri5d%ip ) ! int5tion ( r5\nc+ x2 yet 9 
! c\rse ( a v>i$ life x is practically  
c]ta9 t _m *anges w occur ( feel+1      
op9ion1 locality1 occupation1 =tune1 :i*
 w divide u f "s p]sons & unite u to    
o!rs4 #f7 ,!re is an anci5t say+1 ,qui  
amicos amicum non habet4 ,b is n "s less
 exclusive =m ( fri5d%ip bett] suit$ to 
! condition & nature ( man8 ,& 9 ^?     
especially :o h no family ties1 may n ! 
feel+ pass beyond "o or a few1 & embrace
 all ) :om we come into contact1 &1     

p]haps 9 a few passionate & exalt$      
natures1 all m5 ev]y:]e8 #g7 ,! anci5ts 
_h _! ?ree k9ds ( fri5d%ip1 '= ! sake ( 
! pleasant1 ! useful1 & ! good3' is !   
la/ to be resolv$ into ! two fir/2 or   
are ! two fir/ to be includ$ 9 ! la/8 ,!
 subject 0 puzzl+ to !m3 !y c\ld n say t
 fri5d%ip 0 only a quality1 or a        
relation1 or a virtue1 or a k9d (       
virtue2 & !y _h n 9 ! age ( ,plato rea*$
 ! po9t ( reg>d+ x1 l ju/ice1 z a =m or 
attribute ( virtue4 ,!y _h ano!r        
p]plexity3 #h7 ,h[ c\ld "o ( ! noble/   
feel+s ( human nature be s ne> to "o ( !
 mo/ dete/able corruptions ( x8 7,comp>e
 ,symposium2 ,laws74  ,leav+ ! ,greek or
 anci5t po9t ( view1 we may reg>d ! "q 9
 a m g5]al way4 ,fri5d%ip is ! union (  
two p]sons 9 mutual affection &         
remembrance ( "o ano!r4 ,! fri5d c d = 8
 fri5d :at he _c d = himself4 ,he c give
 him c\nsel 9 "t ( difficulty2 he c tea*
 him 'to see himself z o!rs see him'2 he
 c /& by him1 :5 all ! _w are aga9/ him2
 he c gladd5 & enlight5 him by 8        

pres5ce2 he 'c divide 8 sorr[s1' he c   
'd\ble 8 joys2' he c anticipate 8 wants4
 ,he w discov] ways ( help+ him )\t     
creat+ a s5se ( 8 own sup]iority2 he w  
f9d out 8 m5tal trials1 b only t he may 
m9i/] to !m4 ,among true fri5ds jeal\sy 
has no place3 !y d n compla9 ( "o ano!r 
= mak+ new fri5ds1 or = n reveal+ "s    
secret ( _! lives2 79 fri5d%ip too !re  
mu/ be res]ves27 !y d n intrude ^u "o   
ano!r1 & !y mutually rejoice 9 any good 
:i* happ5s to ei!r ( !m1 ?\gh x may be  
to ! loss ( ! o!r4 ,!y may live ap>t & h
 little int]c\rse1 b :5 !y meet1 ! old  
tie is z /rong z ev]--accord+ to !      
common say+1 !y f9d "o ano!r always !   
same4 ,! greate/ good ( fri5d%ip is n   
daily int]c\rse1 = circum/ances r>ely   
admit ( ?is2 b on ! great occasions (   
life1 :5 ! advice ( a fri5d is ne$$1 !n 
! ^w spok5 9 season ab\t conduct1 ab\t  
heal?1 ab\t m>riage1 ab\t bus9ess1--!   
lett] writt5 f a di/ance by a dis9t]e/$ 
p]son :o sees ) cle>] eyes may be (     
ine/imable value4 ,:5 ! he>t is fail+ & 

despair is sett+ 91 !n to he> ! voice or
 grasp ! h& ( a fri5d1 9 a %ipwreck1 9 a
 defeat1 9 "s o!r failure or mis=tune1  
may re/ore ! necess>y c\rage & composure
 to ! p>alys$ & disord]$ m9d1 & conv]t !
 feeble p]son into a h]o2 7comp>e       
,symposium74  ,x is true t fri5d%ips are
 apt to be disappo9t+3 ei!r we expect   
too mu* f !m2 or we are indol5t & d n   
'keep !m 9 repair2' or be+ admitt$ to   
intimacy ) ano!r1 we see 8 faults too   
cle>ly & lose our respect = him2 & he   
loses 8 affection = u4 ,fri5d%ips may be
 too viol5t2 & !y may be too s5sitive4  
,! egotism ( "o ( ! p>ties may be too   
mu* = ! o!r4 ,! ^w ( c\nsel or sympa?y  
has be5 utt]$ too obtrusively1 at !     
wrong "t1 or 9 ! wrong mann]2 or ! ne$ (
 x has n be5 p]ceiv$ until too late4    
',oh if he _h only told me' has be5 !   
sil5t ?\ght ( _m a tr\bl$ s\l4 ,& "s ?+s
 h to be indicat$ r ?an spok51 because !
 v m5tion ( !m t5ds to di/urb !         
equability ( fri5d%ip4 ,! ali5ation (   
fri5ds1 l _m o!r human evils1 is        

commonly due to a want ( tact & insight4
 ,!re is n en\gh ( ! ,scimus et hanc    
v5iam petimusque damusque vicissim4 ,!  
sweet draught ( sympa?y is n            
inexhau/ible2 & x t5ds to weak5 ! p]son 
:o too freely p>takes ( x4 ,?us we see t
 !re are _m causes :i* impair ! happ9ess
 ( fri5ds4  ,we may expect a fri5d%ip   
almo/ div9e1 su* z philosoph]s h        
sometimes dream$ (3 we f9d :at is human4
 ,! good ( x is necess>ily limit$2 x    
does n take ! place ( m>riage2 x af=ds r
 a solace ?an an arm ( support4 ,x _h   
bett] n be bas$ on pecuni>y obligations2
 ^! m (t5 m> ?an make a fri5d%ip4 ,x is 
mo/ likely to be p]man5t :5 ! two fri5ds
 are equal & indep5d5t1 or :5 !y are    
engag$ toge!r 9 "s common "w or h "s    
public int]e/ 9 common4 ,x exi/s among !
 bad or inf]ior sort ( m5 almo/ z mu* z 
among ! good2 ! bad & good1 & '! nei!r  
bad nor good1' are drawn toge!r 9 a     
/range mann] by p]sonal atta*m5t4 ,!    
ess5ce ( x is loyalty1 )\t :i* x w\ld   
cease to be fri5d%ip4  ,ano!r "q #i7 may

 be rais$1 :e!r fri5d%ip c safely exi/  
betwe5 "y p]sons ( diff]5t sexes1 n     
connect$ by ties ( relation%ip1 & )\t ! 
?\ght ( love or m>riage2 :e!r1 aga91 a  
wife or a husb& %\ld h any intimate     
fri5d1 besides 8 or h] p>tn] 9 m>riage4 
,! answ] to ?is latt] "q is r p]plex+1 &
 w\ld probably be diff]5t 9 diff]5t     
c\ntries 7comp>e ,sympos474 ,:ile we d n
 d5y t great good may result f su*      
atta*m5ts1 = ! m9d may be drawn out & ! 
"* enl>g$ by !m2 yet we feel also t !y  
are att5d$ ) _m dang]s1 & t ?is ,romance
 ( ,heav5ly ,love requires a /r5g?1 a   
fre$om f passion1 a self-control1 :i*1 9
 y\? especially1 are r>ely to be f\nd4  
,! propriety ( su* fri5d%ips mu/ be     
e/imat$ a good deal by ! mann] 9 :i*    
public op9ion reg>ds !m2 !y mu/ be      
reconcil$ ) ! ord9>y duties ( life2 & !y
 mu/ be ju/ifi$ by ! result4  ,yet ano!r
 "q1 #aj74 ,admitt+ t fri5d%ips _c be   
always p]man5t1 we may ask :5 & ^u :at  
conditions %\ld !y be dissolv$4 ,x w\ld 
be futile to reta9 ! "n :5 ! reality has

 ceas$ to be4 ,t two fri5ds %\ld "p     
company :5ev] ! relation betwe5 !m beg9s
 to drag may be bett] = bo? ( !m4 ,b !n 
arises ! consid]ation1 h[ %\ld ^! fri5ds
 9 y\? or fri5ds ( ! pa/ reg>d or be    
reg>d$ by "o ano!r8 ,!y are p>t$1 b !re 
/ill rema9 duties mutually ow+ by !m4   
,!y w n admit ! _w to %>e 9 _! diff]5ce 
any m ?an 9 _! fri5d%ip2 ! memory ( an  
old atta*m5t1 l ! memory ( ! dead1 has a
 k9d ( sacr$ness = !m on :i* !y w n all[
 o!rs to intrude4 ,nei!r1 if !y 7 ev]   
wor?y to be> ! "n ( fri5ds1 w ei!r ( !m 
ent]ta9 any enmity or dislike ( ! o!r :o
 0 once s mu* to him4 ,nei!r w he by    
'%ad[$ h9t reveal' ! secrets great or   
small :i* an un=tunate mi/ake has plac$ 
)9 8 rea*4 ,he :o is ( a noble m9d w    
dwell ^u 8 own faults r ?an ^? ( ano!r1 
& w be ready to take ^u himself ! blame 
( _! sep>ation4 ,he w feel pa9 at ! loss
 ( a fri5d2 & he w rememb] ) gratitude 8
 anci5t k9dness4 ,b he w n lightly r5ew 
a tie :i* has n be5 lightly brok5444,^! 
are a few ( ! ,problems ( ,fri5d%ip1 "s 

( !m sugge/$ by ! ,lysis1 o!rs by mod]n 
life1 :i* he :o wi%es to make or keep a 
fri5d may pr(itably /udy4 7,comp>e      
,bacon1 ,essay on ,fri5d%ip2 ,cic4 de   
,amicitia47     ,,lysis1 ,,or ,,fri5d%ip
     ,,p]sons ,,( ,,! ,,dialogue3       
,socrates1 :o is ! n>rator1 ,m5ex5us1   
,hippo?ales1 ,lysis1 ,ctesippus4        
,,sc5e3 ,a newly-erect$ ,palae/ra       
outside ! walls ( ,a!ns4   ,i 0 go+ f ! 
,academy /raight to ! ,lyceum1 int5d+ to
 take ! out] road1 :i* is close "u !    
wall4 ,:5 ,i came to ! po/]n gate ( !   
city1 :i* is by ! f\nta9 ( ,panops1 ,i  
fell 9 ) ,hippo?ales1 ! son (           
,hi]onymus1 & ,ctesippus ! ,paeanian1 & 
a company ( "y m5 :o 7 /&+ ) !m4        
,hippo?ales1 see+ me approa*1 ask$ :5ce 
,i came & :i!r ,i 0 go+4  ,i am go+1 ,i 
repli$1 f ! ,academy /raight to !       
,lyceum4  ,!n come /raight to u1 he     
said1 & put 9 "h2 y may z well4  ,:o are
 y1 ,i said2 & :]e am ,i to come8  ,he  
%[$ me an enclos$ space & an op5 door   
ov] aga9/ ! wall4 ,& !re1 he said1 is ! 

build+ at :i* we all meet3 & a goodly   
company we are4  ,& :at is ?is build+1  
,i ask$2 & :at sort ( ent]ta9m5t h y8   
,! build+1 he repli$1 is a newly erect$ 
,palae/ra2 & ! ent]ta9m5t is g5]ally    
conv]sation1 to :i* y are welcome4      
,?ank y1 ,i said2 & is !re any tea*]    
!re8  ,yes1 he said1 y\r old fri5d &    
admir]1 ,miccus4  ,inde$1 ,i repli$2 he 
is a v em95t pr(essor4  ,are y dispos$1 
he said1 to g ) me & see !m8  ,yes1 ,i  
said2 b ,i %\ld l to "k fir/1 :at is    
expect$ ( me1 & :o is ! fav\rite among  
y8  ,"s p]sons h "o fav\rite1 ,socrates1
 & "s ano!r1 he said4  ,& :o is y\rs8 ,i
 ask$3 tell me t1 ,hippo?ales4  ,at ?is 
he blu%$2 & ,i said to him1 ,o          
,hippo?ales1 ?\ son ( ,hi]onymus6 d n   
say t y are1 or t y are n1 9 love2 !    
confession is too late2 = ,i see t y are
 n only 9 love1 b are already f> gone 9 
y\r love4 ,simple & fooli% z ,i am1 !   
,gods h giv5 me ! p[] ( und]/&+         
affections ( ?is k9d4  ,:]eupon he blu%$
 m & m4  ,ctesippus said3 ,i l to see y 

blu%+1 ,hippo?ales1 & hesitat+ to tell  
,socrates ! "n2 :51 if he 7 ) y b = a v 
%ort "t1 y w\ld h plagu$ him to dea? by 
talk+ ab\t no?+ else4 ,inde$1 ,socrates1
 he has lit]ally deaf5$ u1 & /opp$ our  
e>s ) ! praises ( ,lysis2 & if he is a  
little intoxicat$1 !re is e likelihood t
 we may h our sleep murd]$ ) a cry (    
,lysis4 ,8 p]=mances 9 prose are bad    
en\gh1 b no?+ at all 9 comp>ison ) 8    
v]se2 & :5 he dr5*es u ) 8 poems & o!r  
compositions1 x is really too bad2 &    
worse /ill is 8 mann] ( s++ !m to 8     
love2 he has a voice :i* is truly       
appall+1 & we _c help he>+ him3 & n[    
hav+ a "q put to him by y1 behold he is 
blu%+4  ,:o is ,lysis8 ,i said3 ,i      
suppose t he mu/ be "y2 = ! "n does n   
recall any "o to me4  ,:y1 he said1 8   
fa!r be+ a v well-kn[n man1 he reta9s 8 
patronymic1 & is n z yet commonly call$ 
by 8 own "n2 b1 al?\gh y d n "k 8 "n1 ,i
 am sure t y mu/ "k 8 face1 = t is q    
en\gh to di/+ui% him4  ,b tell me ^: son
 he is1 ,i said4  ,he is ! elde/ son (  

,democrates1 ( ! deme ( ,aexone4  ,ah1  
,hippo?ales1 ,i said2 :at a noble &     
really p]fect love y h f\nd6 ,i wi% t y 
w\ld fav\r me ) ! exhibition :i* y h be5
 mak+ to ! re/ ( ! company1 & !n ,i %all
 be able to judge :e!r y "k :at a lov]  
ought to say ab\t 8 love1 ei!r to ! y\? 
himself1 or to o!rs4  ,nay1 ,socrates1  
he said2 y surely d n atta* any         
importance to :at he is say+4  ,d y     
mean1 ,i said1 t y dis[n ! love ( !     
p]son :om he says t y love8  ,no2 b ,i  
d5y t ,i make v]ses or address          
compositions to him4  ,he is n 9 8 "r   
m9d1 said ,ctesippus2 he is talk+       
nons5se1 & is />k mad4  ,o ,hippo?ales1 
,i said1 if y h ev] made any v]ses or   
songs 9 hon\r ( y\r fav\rite1 ,i d n    
want to he> !m2 b ,i want to "k !       
purport ( !m1 t ,i may be able to judge 
( y\r mode ( approa*+ y\r fair "o4      
,ctesippus w be able to tell y1 he said2
 = if1 z he av]s1 ! s\nd ( my words is  
always d9n+ 9 8 e>s1 he mu/ h a v       
accurate k & recollection ( !m4  ,yes1  

inde$1 said ,ctesippus2 ,i "k only too  
well2 & v ridicul\s ! tale is3 = al?\gh 
he is a lov]1 & v devot$ly 9 love1 he   
has no?+ p>ticul> to talk ab\t to 8     
belov$ :i* a *ild might n say4 ,n[ is n 
t ridicul\s8 ,he c only speak ( ! weal? 
( ,democrates1 :i* ! :ole city          
celebrates1 & gr&fa!r ,lysis1 & ! o!r   
ance/ors ( ! y\?1 & _! /ud ( horses1 &  
_! victory at ! ,py?ian games1 & at !   
,i/hmus1 & at ,nemea ) f\r horses & s+le
 horses--^! are ! tales :i* he composes 
& repeats4 ,& !re is great] twaddle     
/ill4 ,only ! day be=e ye/]day he made a
 poem 9 :i* he describ$ ! ent]ta9m5t (  
,h]acles1 :o 0 a connexion ( ! family1  
sett+ =? h[ 9 virtue ( ?is relation%ip  
he 0 hospitably receiv$ by an ance/or ( 
,lysis2 ?is ance/or 0 himself begott5 ( 
,zeus by ! daught] ( ! f\nd] ( ! deme4  
,& ^! are ! sort ( old wives' tales :i* 
he s+s & recites to u1 & we are oblig$  
to li/5 to him4  ,:5 ,i he>d ?is1 ,i    
said3 ,o ridicul\s ,hippo?ales6 h[ c y  
be mak+ & s++ hymns 9 hon\r ( y\rself   

be=e y h won8  ,b my songs & v]ses1 he  
said1 are n 9 hon\r ( myself1 ,socrates4
  ,y ?9k n8 ,i said4  ,nay1 b :at d y   
?9k8 he repli$4  ,mo/ assur$ly1 ,i said1
 ^? songs are all 9 y\r own hon\r2 = if 
y w9 y\r beautiful love1 y\r disc\rses &
 songs w be a glory to y1 & may be truly
 reg>d$ z hymns ( praise compos$ 9 hon\r
 ( y :o h conqu]$ & won su* a love2 b if
 he slips away f y1 ! m y h prais$ him1 
! m ridicul\s y w look at hav+ lo/ ?is  
faire/ & be/ ( bless+s2 & !re=e ! wise  
lov] does n praise 8 belov$ until he has
 won him1 because he is afraid (        
accid5ts4 ,!re is also ano!r dang]2 !   
fair1 :5 any "o praises or magnifies !m1
 are fill$ ) ! _s ( pride & va9-glory4  
,d y n agree ) me8  ,yes1 he said4  ,& !
 m va9-glori\s !y are1 ! m difficult is 
! capture ( !m8  ,i believe y4  ,:at    
%\ld y say ( a hunt] :o fright5$ away 8 
prey1 & made ! capture ( ! animals :i*  
he is hunt+ m difficult8  ,he w\ld be a 
bad hunt]1 und\bt$ly4  ,yes2 & if1      
in/ead ( soo?+ !m1 he 7 to infuriate !m 

) words & songs1 t w\ld %[ a great want 
( wit3 d y n agree4  ,yes4  ,& n[       
reflect1 ,hippo?ales1 & see :e!r y are n
 guilty ( all ^! errors 9 writ+ poetry4 
,= ,i c h>dly suppose t y w affirm a man
 to be a good poet :o injures himself by
 8 poetry4  ,assur$ly n1 he said2 su* a 
poet w\ld be a fool4 ,& ?is is ! reason 
:y ,i take y into my c\nsels1 ,socrates1
 & ,i %all be glad ( any fur!r advice   
:i* y may h to (f]4 ,w y tell me by :at 
words or actions ,i may become ende>$ to
 my love8  ,t is n easy to det]m9e1 ,i  
said2 b if y w br+ y\r love to me1 & w  
let me talk ) him1 ,i may p]haps be able
 to %[ y h[ to conv]se ) him1 in/ead (  
s++ & recit+ 9 ! fa%ion ( :i* y are     
accus$4  ,!re w be no difficulty 9 br++ 
him1 he repli$2 if y w only g )         
,ctesippus into ! ,palae/ra1 & sit d[n &
 talk1 ,i believe t he w come ( 8 own   
accord2 = he is fond ( li/5+1 ,socrates4
 ,& z ?is is ! fe/ival ( ! ,h]maea1 ! "y
 m5 & boys are all toge!r1 & !re is no  
sep>ation betwe5 !m4 ,he w be sure to   

come3 b if he does n1 ,ctesippus ) :om  
he is famili>1 & ^: relation ,m5ex5us is
 8 great fri5d1 %all call him4  ,t w be 
! way1 ,i said4 ,!reupon ,i l$          
,ctesippus into ! ,palae/ra1 & ! re/    
foll[$4  ,^u ent]+ we f\nd t ! boys _h j
 be5 sacrific+2 & ?is "p ( ! fe/ival 0  
ne>ly at an end4 ,!y 7 all 9 _! :ite    
array1 & games at dice 7 go+ on among   
!m4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 9 ! out] c\rt amus+     
!mselves2 b "s 7 9 a corn] ( !          
,apodyt]ium play+ at odd & ev5 ) a numb]
 ( dice1 :i* !y took out ( little wick] 
baskets4 ,!re 0 also a circle (         
look]s-on2 among !m 0 ,lysis4 ,he 0 /&+ 
) ! o!r boys & y\?s1 hav+ a cr[n ^u 8   
head1 l a fair vision1 & n less wor?y ( 
praise = 8 goodness ?an = 8 beauty4 ,we 
left !m1 & w5t ov] to ! opposite side ( 
! room1 :]e1 f9d+ a quiet place1 we sat 
d[n2 & !n we began to talk4 ,?is        
attract$ ,lysis1 :o 0 con/antly turn+   
r\nd to look at u--he 0 evid5tly want+  
to come to u4 ,= a "t he hesitat$ & _h n
 ! c\rage to come alone2 b fir/ ( all1 8

 fri5d ,m5ex5us1 leav+ 8 play1 ent]$ !  
,palae/ra f ! c\rt1 & :5 he saw         
,ctesippus & myself1 0 go+ to take a    
seat by u2 & !n ,lysis1 see+ him1       
foll[$1 & sat d[n by 8 side2 & ! o!r    
boys jo9$4 ,i %\ld obs]ve t ,hippo?ales1
 :5 he saw ! cr[d1 got beh9d !m1 :]e he 
?\ght t he w\ld be out ( sight ( ,lysis1
 le/ he %\ld ang] him2 & !re he /ood &  
li/5$4  ,i turn$ to ,m5ex5us1 & said3   
,son ( ,demophon1 :i* ( y two y\?s is ! 
eld]8  ,t is a matt] ( dispute betwe5 u1
 he said4  ,& :i* is ! nobl]8 ,is t also
 a matt] ( dispute8  ,yes1 c]ta9ly4  ,& 
ano!r disput$ po9t is1 :i* is ! fair]8  
,! two boys laugh$4  ,i %all n ask :i*  
is ! ri*] ( ! two1 ,i said2 = y are     
fri5ds1 are y n8  ,c]ta9ly1 !y repli$4  
,& fri5ds h all ?+s 9 common1 s t "o ( y
 c be no ri*] ?an ! o!r1 if y say truly 
t y are fri5ds4  ,!y ass5t$4 ,i 0 ab\t  
to ask :i* 0 ! ju/] ( ! two1 & :i* 0 !  
wis] ( ! two2 b at ?is mom5t ,m5ex5us 0 
call$ away by "s "o :o came & said t !  
gymna/ic-ma/] want$ him4 ,i suppos$ t he

 _h to (f] sacrifice4 ,s he w5t away1 & 
,i ask$ ,lysis "s m que/ions4 ,i d>e    
say1 ,lysis1 ,i said1 t y\r fa!r & "m   
love y v mu*4  ,c]ta9ly1 he said4  ,& !y
 w\ld wi% y to be p]fectly happy4  ,yes4
  ,b d y ?9k t any "o is happy :o is 9 !
 condition ( a slave1 & :o _c d :at he  
likes8  ,i %\ld ?9k n inde$1 he said4   
,& if y\r fa!r & "m love y1 & desire t y
 %\ld be happy1 no "o c d\bt t !y are v 
ready to promote y\r happ9ess4          
,c]ta9ly1 he repli$4  ,& d !y !n p]mit y
 to d :at y l1 & nev] rebuke y or h9d] y
 f do+ :at y desire8  ,yes1 inde$1      
,socrates2 !re are a great _m ?+s :i* !y
 h9d] me f do+4  ,:at d y mean8 ,i said4
 ,d !y want y to be happy1 & yet h9d] y 
f do+ :at y l8 = example1 if y want to  
m\nt "o ( y\r fa!r's *>iots1 & take !   
re9s at a race1 !y w n all[ y to d s--!y
 w prev5t y8  ,c]ta9ly1 he said1 !y w n 
all[ me to d s4  ,:om !n w !y all[8     
,!re is a *>iote]1 :om my fa!r pays =   
driv+4  ,& d !y tru/ a hirel+ m ?an y8 &
 may he d :at he likes ) ! horses8 & d  

!y pay him = ?is8  ,!y d4  ,b ,i d>e say
 t y may take ! :ip & guide ! mule-c>t  
if y l2--!y w p]mit t8  ,p]mit me6 inde$
 !y w n4  ,!n1 ,i said1 may no "o use ! 
:ip to ! mules8  ,yes1 he said1 !       
mulete]4  ,& is he a slave or a free    
man8  ,a slave1 he said4  ,& d !y e/eem 
a slave ( m value ?an y :o are _! son8  
,& d !y entru/ _! prop]ty to him r ?an  
to y8 & all[ him to d :at he likes1 :5  
!y prohibit y8 ,answ] me n[3 ,are y y\r 
own ma/]1 or d !y n ev5 all[ t8  ,nay1  
he said2 ( c\rse !y d n all[ x4  ,!n y h
 a ma/]8  ,yes1 my tutor2 !re he is4  ,&
 is he a slave8  ,to be sure2 he is our 
slave1 he repli$4  ,surely1 ,i said1 ?is
 is a /range ?+1 t a free man %\ld be   
gov]n$ by a slave4 ,& :at does he d ) y8
  ,he takes me to my tea*]s4  ,y d n    
mean to say t y\r tea*]s also rule ov]  
y8  ,( c\rse !y d4  ,!n ,i mu/ say t y\r
 fa!r is pleas$ to inflict _m lords &   
ma/]s on y4 ,b at any rate :5 y g home  
to y\r "m1 %e w let y h y\r own way1 & w
 n int]f]e ) y\r happ9ess2 h] wool1 or !

 piece ( clo? :i* %e is weav+1 are at   
y\r disposal3 ,i am sure t !re is no?+  
to h9d] y f t\*+ h] wood5 spa!1 or h]   
comb1 or any o!r ( h] sp9n+ implem5ts4  
,nay1 ,socrates1 he repli$1 laugh+2 n   
only does %e h9d] me1 b ,i %\ld be beat5
 if ,i 7 to t\* "o ( !m4  ,well1 ,i     
said1 ?is is amaz+4 ,& did y ev] behave 
ill to y\r fa!r or y\r "m8  ,no1 inde$1 
he repli$4  ,b :y !n are !y s t]ribly   
anxi\s to prev5t y f be+ happy1 & do+ z 
y l8--keep+ y all day long 9 subjection 
to ano!r1 &1 9 a ^w1 do+ no?+ :i* y     
desire2 s t y h no good1 z w\ld appe>1  
out ( _! great possessions1 :i* are "u !
 control ( anybody r ?an ( y1 & h no use
 ( y\r own fair p]son1 :i* is t5d$ &    
tak5 c>e ( by ano!r2 :ile y1 ,lysis1 are
 ma/] ( nobody1 & c d no?+8  ,:y1 he    
said1 ,socrates1 ! reason is t ,i am n (
 age4  ,i d\bt :e!r t is ! real reason1 
,i said2 = ,i %\ld imag9e t y\r fa!r    
,democrates1 & y\r "m1 d p]mit y to d _m
 ?+s already1 & d n wait until y are (  
age3 = example1 if !y want any?+ read or

 writt51 y1 ,i presume1 w\ld be ! fir/  
p]son 9 ! h\se :o is summon$ by !m4  ,v 
true4  ,& y w\ld be all[$ to write or   
read ! lett]s 9 any ord] :i* y please1  
or to take up ! lyre & tune ! notes1 &  
play ) ! f+]s1 or /rike ) ! plectrum1   
exactly z y please1 & nei!r fa!r nor "m 
w\ld int]f]e ) y4  ,t is true1 he said4 
,!n :at c be ! reason1 ,lysis1 ,i said1 
:y !y all[ y to d ! "o & n ! o!r8  ,i   
suppose1 he said1 because ,i und]/& !   
"o1 & n ! o!r4  ,yes1 my de> y\?1 ,i    
said1 ! reason is n any defici5cy (     
ye>s1 b a defici5cy ( k2 & :5ev] y\r    
fa!r ?9ks t y are wis] ?an he is1 he w  
in/antly commit himself & 8 possessions 
to y4  ,i ?9k s4  ,aye1 ,i said2 & ab\t 
y\r neighb\r1 too1 does n ! same rule   
hold z ab\t y\r fa!r8 ,if he is satisfi$
 t y "k m ( h\sekeep+ ?an he does1 w he 
cont9ue to adm9i/] 8 affairs himself1 or
 w he commit !m to y8  ,i ?9k t he w    
commit !m to me4  ,w n ! ,a!nian p1 too1
 entru/ _! affairs to y :5 !y see t y h 
wisdom en\gh to manage !m8  ,yes4  ,&   

oh6 let me put ano!r case1 ,i said3 ,!re
 is ! great k+1 & he has an elde/ son1  
:o is ! ,pr9ce ( ,asia2--suppose t y &  
,i g to him & e/abli% to 8 satisfaction 
t we are bett] cooks ?an 8 son1 w he n  
entru/ to u ! pr]ogative ( mak+ s\p1 &  
putt+ 9 any?+ t we l :ile ! pot is      
boil+1 r ?an to ! ,pr9ce ( ,asia1 :o is 
8 son8  ,to u1 cle>ly4  ,& we %all be   
all[$ to ?r[ 9 salt by h&fuls1 :]eas !  
son w n be all[$ to put 9 z mu* z he c  
take up betwe5 8 f+]s8  ,( c\rse4  ,or  
suppose aga9 t ! son has bad eyes1 w he 
all[ him1 or w he n all[ him1 to t\* 8  
own eyes if he ?9ks t he has no k (     
m$ic9e8  ,he w n all[ him4  ,:]eas1 if  
he supposes u to h a k ( m$ic9e1 he w   
all[ u to d :at we l ) him--ev5 to op5 !
 eyes wide & spr9kle a%es ^u !m1 because
 he supposes t we "k :at is be/8  ,t is 
true4  ,& ev]y?+ 9 :i* we appe> to him  
to be wis] ?an himself or 8 son he w    
commit to u8  ,t is v true1 ,socrates1  
he repli$4  ,!n n[1 my de> ,lysis1 ,i   
said1 y p]ceive t 9 ?+s :i* we "k e "o w

 tru/ u1--,hell5es & b>b>ians1 m5 &     
wom51--& we may d z we please ab\t !m1 &
 no "o w l to int]f]e ) u2 we %all be   
free1 & ma/]s ( o!rs2 & ^! ?+s w be     
really ours1 = we %all be b5efit$ by !m4
 ,b 9 ?+s ( :i* we h no und]/&+1 no "o w
 tru/ u to d z seems good to u--!y w    
h9d] u z f> z !y c2 & n only /rang]s1 b 
fa!r & "m1 & ! fri5d1 if !re be "o1 :o  
is de>] /ill1 w also h9d] u2 & we %all  
be subject to o!rs2 & ^! ?+s w n be     
ours1 = we %all n be b5efit$ by !m4 ,d y
 agree8  ,he ass5t$4  ,& %all we be     
fri5ds to o!rs1 & w any o!rs love u1 9 z
 f> z we are useless to !m8  ,c]ta9ly n4
  ,nei!r c y\r fa!r or "m love y1 nor c 
anybody love anybody else1 9 s f> z !y  
are useless to !m8  ,no4  ,& !re=e1 my  
boy1 if y are wise1 all m5 w be y\r     
fri5ds & k9dr$1 = y w be useful & good2 
b if y are n wise1 nei!r fa!r1 nor "m1  
nor k9dr$1 nor any "o else1 w be y\r    
fri5ds4 ,& 9 matt]s ( :i* y h z yet no  
k1 c y h any conceit ( k8  ,t is        
impossible1 he repli$4  ,& y1 ,lysis1 if

 y require a tea*]1 h n yet atta9$ to   
wisdom4  ,true4  ,& !re=e y are n       
conceit$1 hav+ no?+ ( :i* to be         
conceit$4  ,inde$1 ,socrates1 ,i ?9k n4 
,:5 ,i he>d him say ?is1 ,i turn$ to    
,hippo?ales1 & 0 v ne>ly mak+ a blund]1 
= ,i 0 go+ to say to him3 ,t is ! way1  
,hippo?ales1 9 :i* y %\ld talk to y\r   
belov$1 humbl+ & l[]+ him1 & n z y d1   
puff+ him up & spoil+ him4 ,b ,i saw t  
he 0 9 great excitem5t & confusion at   
:at _h be5 said1 & ,i rememb]$ t1 al?\gh
 he 0 9 ! neighb\rhood1 he did n want to
 be se5 by ,lysis2 s ^u second ?\ghts ,i
 refra9$4  ,9 ! meantime ,m5ex5us came  
back & sat d[n 9 8 place by ,lysis2 &   
,lysis1 9 a *ildi% & affectionate mann]1
 :isp]$ privately 9 my e>1 s t ,m5ex5us 
%\ld n he>3 ,d1 ,socrates1 tell ,m5ex5us
 :at y h be5 tell+ me4  ,suppose t y    
tell him y\rself1 ,lysis1 ,i repli$2 =  
,i am sure t y 7 att5d+4  ,c]ta9ly1 he  
repli$4  ,try1 !n1 to rememb] ! words1 &
 be z exact z y c 9 repeat+ !m to him1 &
 if y h =gott5 any?+1 ask me aga9 ! next

 "t t y see me4  ,i w be sure to d s1   
,socrates2 b g on tell+ him some?+ new1 
& let me he>1 z long z ,i am all[$ to   
/ay4  ,i c]ta9ly _c refuse1 ,i said1    
s9ce y ask me2 b !n1 z y "k1 ,m5ex5us is
 v pugnaci\s1 & !re=e y mu/ come to !   
rescue if he attempts to upset me4      
,yes1 inde$1 he said2 he is v pugnaci\s1
 & t is ! reason :y ,i want y to argue )
 him4  ,t ,i may make a fool ( myself8  
,no1 inde$1 he said2 b ,i want y to put 
him d[n4  ,t is no easy matt]1 ,i       
repli$2 = he is a t]rible fell[--a pupil
 ( ,ctesippus4 ,& !re is ,ctesippus     
himself3 d y see him8  ,nev] m9d1       
,socrates1 y %all argue ) him4  ,well1  
,i suppose t ,i mu/1 ,i repli$4         
,h]eupon ,ctesippus compla9$ t we 7     
talk+ 9 secret1 & keep+ ! fea/ to       
ourselves4  ,i %all be happy1 ,i said1  
to let y h a %>e4 ,"h is ,lysis1 :o does
 n und]/& some?+ t ,i 0 say+1 & wants me
 to ask ,m5ex5us1 :o1 z he ?9ks1 is     
likely to "k4  ,& :y d y n ask him8 he  
said4  ,v well1 ,i said1 ,i w2 & d y1   

,m5ex5us1 answ]4 ,b fir/ ,i mu/ tell y t
 ,i am "o :o f my *ildhood upw>d h set  
my he>t ^u a c]ta9 ?+4 ,all p h _!      
fancies2 "s desire horses1 & o!rs dogs2 
& "s are fond ( gold1 & o!rs ( hon\r4   
,n[1 ,i h no viol5t desire ( any ( ^!   
?+s2 b ,i h a passion = fri5ds2 & ,i    
w\ld r h a good fri5d ?an ! be/ cock or 
quail 9 ! _w3 ,i w\ld ev5 g fur!r1 & say
 ! be/ horse or dog4 ,yea1 by ! dog (   
,egypt1 ,i %\ld greatly pref] a real    
fri5d to all ! gold ( ,d>ius1 or ev5 to 
,d>ius himself3 ,i am su* a lov] (      
fri5ds z t4 ,& :5 ,i see y & ,lysis1 at 
y\r e>ly age1 s easily possess$ ( ?is   
treasure1 & s soon1 he ( y1 & y ( him1  
,i am amaz$ & delight$1 see+ t ,i       
myself1 al?\gh ,i am n[ advanc$ 9 ye>s1 
am s f> f hav+ made a simil>            
acquisition1 t ,i d n ev5 "k 9 :at way a
 fri5d is acquir$4 ,b ,i want to ask y a
 "q ab\t ?is1 = y h exp]i5ce3 tell me   
!n1 :5 "o loves ano!r1 is ! lov] or !   
belov$ ! fri5d2 or may ei!r be ! fri5d8 
,ei!r may1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 be ! fri5d (    

ei!r4  ,d y mean1 ,i said1 t if only "o 
( !m loves ! o!r1 !y are mutual fri5ds8 
,yes1 he said2 t is my mean+4  ,b :at if
 ! lov] is n lov$ 9 return8 :i* is a v  
possible case4  ,yes4  ,or is1 p]haps1  
ev5 hat$8 :i* is a fancy :i* sometimes  
is ent]ta9$ by lov]s respect+ _! belov$4
 ,no?+ c exce$ _! love2 & yet !y imag9e 
ei!r t !y are n lov$ 9 return1 or t !y  
are hat$4 ,is n t true8  ,yes1 he said1 
q true4  ,9 t case1 ! "o loves1 & ! o!r 
is lov$8  ,yes4  ,!n :i* is ! fri5d (   
:i*8 ,is ! lov] ! fri5d ( ! belov$1 :e!r
 he be lov$ 9 return1 or hat$2 or is !  
belov$ ! fri5d2 or is !re no fri5d%ip at
 all on ei!r side1 unless !y bo? love "o
 ano!r8  ,!re w\ld seem to be none at   
all4  ,!n ?is notion is n 9 accordance )
 our previ\s "o4 ,we 7 say+ t bo? 7     
fri5ds1 if "o only lov$2 b n[1 unless !y
 bo? love1 nei!r is a fri5d4  ,t appe>s 
to be true4  ,!n no?+ :i* does n love 9 
return is belov$ by a lov]8  ,i ?9k n4  
,!n !y are n lov]s ( horses1 :om !      
horses d n love 9 return2 nor lov]s (   

quails1 nor ( dogs1 nor ( w9e1 nor (    
gymna/ic ex]cises1 :o h no return (     
love2 no1 nor ( wisdom1 unless wisdom   
loves !m 9 return4 ,or %all we say t !y 
d love !m1 al?\gh !y are n belov$ by !m2
 & t ! poet 0 wrong :o s+s--  ',happy ! 
man to :om 8 *ildr5 are de>1 & /e$s hav+
 s+le ho(s1 & dogs ( *ase1 & ! /rang] ( 
ano!r l&'8  ,i d n ?9k t he 0 wrong4  ,y
 ?9k t he is "r8  ,yes4  ,!n1 ,m5ex5us1 
! conclusion is1 t :at is belov$1 :e!r  
lov+ or hat+1 may be de> to ! lov] ( x3 
= example1 v "y *ildr51 too "y to love1 
or ev5 hat+ _! fa!r or "m :5 !y are     
puni%$ by !m1 are nev] de>] to !m ?an at
 ! "t :5 !y are be+ hat$ by !m4  ,i ?9k 
t :at y say is true4  ,&1 if s1 n !     
lov]1 b ! belov$1 is ! fri5d or de> "o8 
,yes4  ,& ! hat$ "o1 & n ! hat]1 is !   
enemy8  ,cle>ly4  ,!n _m m5 are lov$ by 
_! enemies1 & hat$ by _! fri5ds1 & are !
 fri5ds ( _! enemies1 & ! enemies ( _!  
fri5ds4 ,yet h[ absurd1 my de> fri5d1 or
 inde$ impossible is ?is p>adox ( a man 
be+ an enemy to 8 fri5d or a fri5d to 8 

enemy4  ,i q agree1 ,socrates1 9 :at y  
say4  ,b if ?is _c be1 ! lov] w be !    
fri5d ( t :i* is lov$8  ,true4  ,& !    
hat] w be ! enemy ( t :i* is hat$8      
,c]ta9ly4  ,yet we mu/ ackn[l$ge 9 ?is1 
z 9 ! prec$+ in/ance1 t a man may be !  
fri5d ( "o :o is n 8 fri5d1 or :o may be
 8 enemy1 :5 he loves t :i* does n love 
him or :i* ev5 hates him4 ,& he may be !
 enemy ( "o :o is n 8 enemy1 & is ev5 8 
fri5d3 = example1 :5 he hates t :i* does
 n hate him1 or :i* ev5 loves him4  ,t  
appe>s to be true4  ,b if ! lov] is n a 
fri5d1 nor ! belov$ a fri5d1 nor bo?    
toge!r1 :at are we to say8 ,:om are we  
to call fri5ds to "o ano!r8 ,d any      
rema98  ,inde$1 ,socrates1 ,i _c f9d    
any4  ,b1 ,o ,m5ex5us6 ,i said1 may we n
 h be5 altoge!r wrong 9 our conclusions8
  ,i am sure t we h be5 wrong1          
,socrates1 said ,lysis4 ,& he blu%$ z he
 spoke1 ! words seem+ to come f 8 lips  
involunt>ily1 because 8 :ole m9d 0 tak5 
up ) ! argum5t2 !re 0 no mi/ak+ 8       
att5tive look :ile he 0 li/5+4  ,i 0    

pleas$ at ! int]e/ :i* 0 %[n by ,lysis1 
& ,i want$ to give ,m5ex5us a re/1 s ,i 
turn$ to him & said1 ,i ?9k1 ,lysis1 t  
:at y say is true1 & t1 if we _h be5 "r1
 we %\ld nev] h gone s f> wrong2 let u  
proce$ no fur!r 9 ?is direction 7= !    
road seems to be gett+ tr\blesome71 b   
take ! o!r pa? into :i* we turn$1 & see 
:at ! poets h to say2 = !y are to u 9 a 
mann] ! fa!rs & au?ors ( wisdom1 & !y   
speak ( fri5ds 9 no light or trivial    
mann]1 b ,god himself1 z !y say1 makes  
!m & draws !m to "o ano!r2 & ?is !y     
express1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 9 ! foll[+  
words3--  ',god is ev] draw+ l t[>ds l1 
& mak+ !m acqua9t$4'  ,i d>e say t y h  
he>d ^? words4  ,yes1 he said2 ,i h4  ,&
 h y n also met ) ! treatises (         
philosoph]s :o say t l mu/ love l8 !y   
are ! p :o argue & write ab\t nature & !
 univ]se4  ,v true1 he repli$4  ,& are  
!y "r 9 say+ ?is8  ,!y may be4  ,p]haps1
 ,i said1 ab\t half1 or possibly1       
altoge!r1 "r1 if _! mean+ 7 rightly     
appreh5d$ by u4 ,= ! m a bad man has to 

d ) a bad man1 & ! m ne>ly he is br\ght 
into contact ) him1 ! m he w be likely  
to hate him1 = he injures him2 & injur] 
& injur$ _c be fri5ds4 ,is n t true8    
,yes1 he said4  ,!n "o half ( ! say+ is 
untrue1 if ! wick$ are l "o ano!r8  ,t  
is true4  ,b ! real mean+ ( ! say+1 z ,i
 imag9e1 is1 t ! good are l "o ano!r1 & 
fri5ds to "o ano!r2 & t ! bad1 z is (t5 
said ( !m1 are nev] at unity ) "o ano!r 
or ) !mselves2 = !y are passionate &    
re/less1 & any?+ :i* is at v>iance &    
enmity ) itself is n likely to be 9     
union or h>mony ) any o!r ?+4 ,d y n    
agree8  ,yes1 ,i d4  ,!n1 my fri5d1 ^?  
:o say t ! l is fri5dly to ! l mean to  
intimate1 if ,i rightly appreh5d !m1 t !
 good only is ! fri5d ( ! good1 & ( him 
only2 b t ! evil nev] atta9s to any real
 fri5d%ip1 ei!r ) good or evil4 ,d y    
agree8  ,he nodd$ ass5t4  ,!n n[ we "k  
h[ to answ] ! "q ',:o are fri5ds8' = !  
argum5t decl>es ',t ! good are fri5ds4' 
,yes1 he said1 t is true4  ,yes1 ,i     
repli$2 & yet ,i am n q satisfi$ ) ?is  

answ]4 ,by heav51 & %all ,i tell y :at  
,i suspect8 ,i w4 ,assum+ t l1 inasmu* z
 he is l1 is ! fri5d ( l1 & useful to   
him--or r let me try ano!r way ( putt+ !
 matt]3 ,c l d any good or h>m to l :i* 
he c\ld n d to himself1 or suff] any?+ f
 8 l :i* he w\ld n suff] f himself8 ,&  
if nei!r c be ( any use to ! o!r1 h[ c  
!y be lov$ by "o ano!r8 ,c !y n[8  ,!y  
_c4  ,& c he :o is n lov$ be a fri5d8   
,c]ta9ly n4  ,b say t ! l is n ! fri5d (
 ! l 9 s f> z he is l2 /ill ! good may  
be ! fri5d ( ! good 9 s f> z he is good8
  ,true4  ,b !n aga91 w n ! good1 9 s f>
 z he is good1 be suffici5t = himself8  
,c]ta9ly he w4 ,& he :o is suffici5t    
wants no?+--t is impli$ 9 ! ^w          
suffici5t4  ,( c\rse n4  ,& he :o wants 
no?+ w desire no?+8  ,he w n4  ,nei!r c 
he love t :i* he does n desire8  ,he _c4
  ,& he :o loves n is n a lov] or fri5d8
  ,cle>ly n4  ,:at place !n is !re =    
fri5d%ip1 if1 :5 abs5t1 good m5 h no ne$
 ( "o ano!r 7= ev5 :5 alone !y are      
suffici5t = !mselves71 & :5 pres5t h no 

use ( "o ano!r8 ,h[ c su* p]sons ev] be 
induc$ to value "o ano!r8  ,!y _c4  ,&  
fri5ds !y _c be1 unless !y value "o     
ano!r8  ,v true4  ,b see n[1 ,lysis1    
:e!r we are n be+ deceiv$ 9 all ?is--are
 we n inde$ entirely wrong8  ,h[ s8 he  
repli$4  ,h ,i n he>d "s "o say1 z ,i j 
n[ recollect1 t ! l is ! greate/ enemy (
 ! l1 ! good ( ! good8--,yes1 & he quot$
 ! au?ority ( ,hesiod1 :o says3  ',pott]
 qu>rels ) pott]1 b>d ) b>d1 ,begg> )   
begg>2'  & ( all o!r ?+s he affirm$1 9 l
 mann]1 ',t ( necessity ! mo/ l are mo/ 
full ( envy1 /rife1 & hatr$ ( "o ano!r1 
& ! mo/ unlike1 ( fri5d%ip4 ,= ! poor   
man is compell$ to be ! fri5d ( ! ri*1 &
 ! weak requires ! aid ( ! /rong1 & !   
sick man ( ! physician2 & e "o :o is    
ignorant1 has to love & c\rt him :o     
kn[s4' ,& inde$ he w5t on to say 9      
gr&iloqu5t language1 t ! idea ( fri5d%ip
 exi/+ betwe5 simil>s is n ! tru?1 b ! v
 rev]se ( ! tru?1 & t ! mo/ oppos$ are !
 mo/ fri5dly2 = t ev]y?+ desires n l b t
 :i* is mo/ unlike3 = example1 ! dry    

desires ! moi/1 ! cold ! hot1 ! bitt] ! 
sweet1 ! %>p ! blunt1 ! void ! full1 !  
full ! void1 & s ( all o!r ?+s2 = !     
opposite is ! food ( ! opposite1 :]eas l
 receives no?+ f l4 ,& ,i ?\ght t he :o 
said ?is 0 a *>m+ man1 & t he spoke     
well4 ,:at d ! re/ ( y say8  ,i %\ld    
say1 at fir/ he>+1 t he is "r1 said     
,m5ex5us4  ,!n we are to say t ! greate/
 fri5d%ip is ( opposites8  ,exactly4    
,yes1 ,m5ex5us2 b w n t be a mon/r\s    
answ]8 & w n ! all-wise eri/ics be d[n  
^u u 9 triumph1 & ask1 fairly en\gh1    
:e!r love is n ! v opposite ( hate2 &   
:at answ] %all we make to !m--mu/ we n  
admit t !y speak ! tru?8  ,we mu/4  ,!y 
w !n proce$ to ask :e!r ! enemy is !    
fri5d ( ! fri5d1 or ! fri5d ! fri5d ( ! 
enemy8  ,nei!r1 he repli$4  ,well1 b is 
a j man ! fri5d ( ! unju/1 or ! temp]ate
 ( ! intemp]ate1 or ! good ( ! bad8  ,i 
d n see h[ t is possible4  ,& yet1 ,i   
said1 if fri5d%ip goes by contr>ies1 !  
contr>ies mu/ be fri5ds4  ,!y mu/4  ,!n 
nei!r l & l nor unlike & unlike are     

fri5ds4  ,i suppose n4  ,& yet !re is a 
fur!r consid]ation3 may n all ^! notions
 ( fri5d%ip be errone\s8 b may n t :i*  
is nei!r good nor evil /ill 9 "s cases  
be ! fri5d ( ! good8  ,h[ d y mean8 he  
said4  ,:y really1 ,i said1 ! tru? is t 
,i d n "k2 b my head is dizzy ) ?9k+ ( !
 argum5t1 & !re=e ,i haz>d ! conjecture1
 t '! beautiful is ! fri5d1' z ! old    
prov]b says4 ,beauty is c]ta9ly a s(t1  
smoo?1 slipp]y ?+1 & !re=e ( a nature   
:i* easily slips 9 & p]meates our s\ls4 
,= ,i affirm t ! good is ! beautiful4 ,y
 w agree to t8  ,yes4  ,?is ,i say f a  
sort ( notion t :at is nei!r good nor   
evil is ! fri5d ( ! beautiful & ! good1 
& ,i w tell y :y ,i am incl9$ to ?9k s3 
,i assume t !re are ?ree pr9ciples--!   
good1 ! bad1 & t :i* is nei!r good nor  
bad4 ,y w\ld agree--w\ld y n8  ,i agree4
  ,& nei!r is ! good ! fri5d ( ! good1  
nor ! evil ( ! evil1 nor ! good ( !     
evil2--^! alt]natives are exclud$ by !  
previ\s argum5t2 & !re=e1 if !re be su* 
a ?+ z fri5d%ip or love at all1 we mu/  

inf] t :at is nei!r good nor evil mu/ be
 ! fri5d1 ei!r ( ! good1 or ( t :i* is  
nei!r good nor evil1 = no?+ c be ! fri5d
 ( ! bad4  ,true4  ,b nei!r c l be !    
fri5d ( l1 z we 7 j n[ say+4  ,true4  ,&
 if s1 t :i* is nei!r good nor evil c h 
no fri5d :i* is nei!r good nor evil4    
,cle>ly n4  ,!n ! good alone is ! fri5d 
( t only :i* is nei!r good nor evil4  ,t
 may be assum$ to be c]ta94  ,& does n  
?is seem to put u 9 ! "r way8 ,j rem>k1 
t ! body :i* is 9 heal? requires nei!r  
m$ical nor any o!r aid1 b is well en\gh2
 & ! heal?y man has no love ( !         
physician1 because he is 9 heal?4  ,he  
has none4  ,b ! sick loves him1 because 
he is sick8  ,c]ta9ly4  ,& sickness is  
an evil1 & ! art ( m$ic9e a good &      
useful ?+8  ,yes4  ,b ! human body1     
reg>d$ z a body1 is nei!r good nor evil8
  ,true4  ,& ! body is compell$ by      
reason ( disease to c\rt & make fri5ds (
 ! art ( m$ic9e8  ,yes4  ,!n t :i* is   
nei!r good nor evil becomes ! fri5d (   
good1 by reason ( ! pres5ce ( evil8  ,s 

we may inf]4  ,& cle>ly ?is mu/ h happ5$
 be=e t :i* 0 nei!r good nor evil _h    
become altoge!r corrupt$ ) ! elem5t (   
evil--if itself _h become evil x w\ld n 
/ill desire & love ! good2 =1 z we 7    
say+1 ! evil _c be ! fri5d ( ! good4    
,impossible4  ,fur!r1 ,i mu/ obs]ve t "s
 sub/ances are assimilat$ :5 o!rs are   
pres5t ) !m2 & !re are "s :i* are n     
assimilat$3 take1 = example1 ! case ( an
 o9tm5t or col\r :i* is put on ano!r    
sub/ance4  ,v good4  ,9 su* a case1 is !
 sub/ance :i* is ano9t$ ! same z ! col\r
 or o9tm5t8  ,:at d y mean8 he said4    
,?is is :at ,i mean3 ,suppose t ,i 7 to 
cov] y\r auburn locks ) :ite lead1 w\ld 
!y be really :ite1 or w\ld !y only appe>
 to be :ite8  ,!y w\ld only appe> to be 
:ite1 he repli$4  ,& yet :it5ess w\ld be
 pres5t 9 !m8  ,true4  ,b t w\ld n make 
!m at all ! m :ite1 not)/&+ ! pres5ce ( 
:ite 9 !m--!y w\ld n be :ite any m ?an  
black8  ,no4  ,b :5 old age infuses     
:it5ess into !m1 !n !y become           
assimilat$1 & are :ite by ! pres5ce (   

:ite4  ,c]ta9ly4  ,n[ ,i want to "k :e!r
 9 all cases a sub/ance is assimilat$ by
 ! pres5ce ( ano!r sub/ance2 or mu/ !   
pres5ce be aft] a peculi> sort8  ,!     
latt]1 he said4  ,!n t :i* is nei!r good
 nor evil may be 9 ! pres5ce ( evil1 b n
 z yet evil1 & t has happ5$ be=e n[8    
,yes4  ,& :5 any?+ is 9 ! pres5ce (     
evil1 n be+ z yet evil1 ! pres5ce ( good
 ar\ses ! desire ( good 9 t ?+2 b !     
pres5ce ( evil1 :i* makes a ?+ evil1    
takes away ! desire & fri5d%ip ( ! good2
 = t :i* 0 once bo? good & evil has n[  
become evil only1 & ! good 0 suppos$ to 
h no fri5d%ip ) ! evil8  ,none4  ,&     
!re=e we say t ^? :o are already wise1  
:e!r ,gods or m51 are no long] lov]s (  
wisdom2 nor c !y be lov]s ( wisdom :o   
are ignorant to ! ext5t ( be+ evil1 = no
 evil or ignorant p]son is a lov] (     
wisdom4 ,!re rema9 ^? :o h ! mis=tune to
 be ignorant1 b are n yet h>d5$ 9 _!    
ignorance1 or void ( und]/&+1 & d n z   
yet fancy t !y "k :at !y d n "k3 & !re=e
 ^? :o are ! lov]s ( wisdom are z yet   

nei!r good nor bad4 ,b ! bad d n love   
wisdom any m ?an ! good2 =1 z we h      
already se51 nei!r is unlike ! fri5d (  
unlike1 nor l ( l4 ,y rememb] t8  ,yes1 
!y bo? said4  ,& s1 ,lysis & ,m5ex5us1  
we h discov]$ ! nature ( fri5d%ip--!re c
 be no d\bt ( x3 ,fri5d%ip is ! love :i*
 by reason ( ! pres5ce ( evil ! nei!r   
good nor evil has ( ! good1 ei!r 9 !    
s\l1 or 9 ! body1 or any:]e4  ,!y bo?   
agre$ & entirely ass5t$1 & = a mom5t ,i 
rejoic$ & 0 satisfi$ l a huntsman j     
hold+ fa/ 8 prey4 ,b !n a mo/           
unacc\ntable suspicion came across me1 &
 ,i felt t ! conclusion 0 untrue4 ,i 0  
pa9$1 & said1 ,alas6 ,lysis & ,m5ex5us1 
,i am afraid t we h be5 grasp+ at a %ad[
 only4  ,:y d y say s8 said ,m5ex5us4   
,i am afraid1 ,i said1 t ! argum5t ab\t 
fri5d%ip is false3 argum5ts1 l m51 are  
(t5 pret5d]s4  ,h[ d y mean8 he ask$4   
,well1 ,i said2 look at ! matt] 9 ?is   
way3 a fri5d is ! fri5d ( "s "o2 is he  
n8  ,c]ta9ly he is4  ,& has he a motive 
& object 9 be+ a fri5d1 or has he no    

motive & object8  ,he has a motive &    
object4  ,& is ! object :i* makes him a 
fri5d1 de> to him1 or nei!r de> nor     
hateful to him8  ,i d n q foll[ y1 he   
said4  ,i d n wond] at t1 ,i said4 ,b   
p]haps1 if ,i put ! matt] 9 ano!r way1 y
 w be able to foll[ me1 & my own mean+ w
 be cle>] to myself4 ,! sick man1 z ,i 0
 j n[ say+1 is ! fri5d ( ! physician--is
 he n8  ,yes4  ,& he is ! fri5d ( !     
physician because ( disease1 & = ! sake 
( heal?8  ,yes4  ,& disease is an evil8 
,c]ta9ly4  ,& :at ( heal?8 ,i said4 ,is 
t good or evil1 or nei!r8  ,good1 he    
repli$4  ,& we 7 say+1 ,i believe1 t !  
body be+ nei!r good nor evil1 because ( 
disease1 t is to say because ( evil1 is 
! fri5d ( m$ic9e1 & m$ic9e is a good3 & 
m$ic9e has ent]$ into ?is fri5d%ip = !  
sake ( heal?1 & heal? is a good4  ,true4
  ,& is heal? a fri5d1 or n a fri5d8  ,a
 fri5d4  ,& disease is an enemy8  ,yes4 
,!n t :i* is nei!r good nor evil is !   
fri5d ( ! good because ( ! evil &       
hateful1 & = ! sake ( ! good & ! fri5d8 

,cle>ly4  ,!n ! fri5d is a fri5d = !    
sake ( ! fri5d1 & because ( ! enemy8  ,t
 is to be inf]r$4  ,!n at ?is po9t1 my  
boys1 let u take he$1 & be on our gu>d  
aga9/ deceptions4 ,i w n aga9 repeat t !
 fri5d is ! fri5d ( ! fri5d1 & ! l ( !  
l1 :i* has be5 decl>$ by u to be an     
impossibility2 b1 9 ord] t ?is new      
/atem5t may n delude u1 let u att5tively
 exam9e ano!r po9t1 :i* ,i w proce$ to  
expla93 ,m$ic9e1 z we 7 say+1 is a      
fri5d1 or de> to u = ! sake ( heal?8    
,yes4  ,& heal? is also de>8  ,c]ta9ly4 
,& if de>1 !n de> = ! sake ( some?+8    
,yes4  ,& surely ?is object mu/ also be 
de>1 z is impli$ 9 our previ\s          
admissions8  ,yes4  ,& t some?+ de>     
involves some?+ else de>8  ,yes4  ,b !n1
 proce$+ 9 ?is way1 %all we n arrive at 
"s fir/ pr9ciple ( fri5d%ip or de>ness  
:i* is n capable ( be+ ref]r$ to any    
o!r1 = ! sake ( :i*1 z we ma9ta91 all   
o!r ?+s are de>1 &1 hav+ !re arriv$1 we 
%all /op8  ,true4  ,my fe> is t all ^?  
o!r ?+s1 :i*1 z we say1 are de> = ! sake

 ( ano!r1 are illusions & deceptions    
only1 b :]e t fir/ pr9ciple is1 !re is !
 true ideal ( fri5d%ip4 ,let me put !   
matt] ?us3 ,suppose ! case ( a great    
treasure 7?is may be a son1 :o is m     
preci\s to 8 fa!r ?an all 8 o!r         
treasures72 w\ld n ! fa!r1 :o values 8  
son above all ?+s1 value o!r ?+s also = 
! sake ( 8 son8 ,i mean1 = in/ance1 if  
he knew t 8 son _h drunk hemlock1 & !   
fa!r ?\ght t w9e w\ld save him1 he w\ld 
value ! w9e8  ,he w\ld4  ,& also !      
vessel :i* conta9s ! w9e8  ,c]ta9ly4  ,b
 does he !re=e value ! ?ree measures (  
w9e1 or ! e>!n vessel :i* conta9s !m1   
equally ) 8 son8 ,is n ?is r ! true /ate
 ( ! case8 ,all 8 anxiety has reg>d n to
 ! means :i* are provid$ = ! sake ( an  
object1 b to ! object = ! sake ( :i* !y 
are provid$4 ,& al?\gh we may (t5 say t 
gold & silv] are highly valu$ by u1 t is
 n ! tru?2 = !re is a fur!r object1     
:atev] x may be1 :i* we value mo/ ( all1
 & = ! sake ( :i* gold & all our o!r    
possessions are acquir$ by u4 ,am ,i n  

"r8  ,yes1 c]ta9ly4  ,& may n ! same be 
said ( ! fri5d8 ,t :i* is only de> to u 
= ! sake ( some?+ else is improp]ly said
 to be de>1 b ! truly de> is t 9 :i* all
 ^! s-call$ de> fri5d%ips t]m9ate4  ,t1 
he said1 appe>s to be true4  ,& ! truly 
de> or ultimate pr9ciple ( fri5d%ip is n
 = ! sake ( any o!r or fur!r de>4       
,true4  ,!n we h done ) ! notion t      
fri5d%ip has any fur!r object4 ,may we  
!n inf] t ! good is ! fri5d8  ,i ?9k s4 
,& ! good is lov$ = ! sake ( ! evil8    
,let me put ! case 9 ?is way3 ,suppose t
 ( ! ?ree pr9ciples1 good1 evil1 & t :i*
 is nei!r good nor evil1 !re rema9$ only
 ! good & ! neutral1 & t evil w5t f>    
away1 & 9 no way affect$ s\l or body1   
nor ev] at all t class ( ?+s :i*1 z we  
say1 are nei!r good nor evil 9          
!mselves2--w\ld ! good be ( any use1 or 
o!r ?an useless to u8 ,= if !re 7 no?+  
to hurt u any long]1 we %\ld h no ne$ ( 
any?+ t w\ld d u good4 ,!n w\ld be      
cle>ly se5 t we did b love & desire !   
good because ( ! evil1 & z ! rem$y ( !  

evil1 :i* 0 ! disease2 b if !re _h be5  
no disease1 !re w\ld h be5 no ne$ ( a   
rem$y4 ,is n ?is ! nature ( ! good--to  
be lov$ by u :o are plac$ betwe5 ! two1 
because ( ! evil8 b !re is no use 9 !   
good = its own sake4  ,i suppose n4  ,!n
 ! f9al pr9ciple ( fri5d%ip1 9 :i* all  
o!r fri5d%ips t]m9at$1 ^?1 ,i mean1 :i* 
are relatively de> & = ! sake ( some?+  
else1 is ( ano!r & a diff]5t nature f   
!m4 ,= !y are call$ de> because ( ano!r 
de> or fri5d4 ,b ) ! true fri5d or de>1 
! case is q ! rev]se2 = t is prov$ to be
 de> because ( ! hat$1 & if ! hat$ 7    
away x w\ld be no long] de>4  ,v true1  
he repli$3 at any rate n if our pres5t  
view holds good4  ,b1 oh6 w y tell me1  
,i said1 :e!r if evil 7 to p]i%1 we %\ld
 hung] any m1 or ?ir/ any m1 or h any   
simil> desire8 ,or may we suppose t     
hung] w rema9 :ile m5 & animals rema91 b
 n s z to be hurtful8 ,& ! same ( ?ir/ &
 ! o!r desires1--t !y w rema91 b w n be 
evil because evil has p]i%$8 ,or r %all 
,i say1 t to ask :at ei!r w be !n or w n

 be is ridicul\s1 = :o kn[s8 ,?is we d  
"k1 t 9 our pres5t condition hung] may  
injure u1 & may also b5efit u3--,is n t 
true8  ,yes4  ,& 9 l mann] ?ir/ or any  
simil> desire may sometimes be a good & 
sometimes an evil to u1 & sometimes     
nei!r "o nor ! o!r8  ,to be sure4  ,b is
 !re any reason :y1 because evil p]i%es1
 t :i* is n evil %\ld p]i% ) x8  ,none4 
,!n1 ev5 if evil p]i%es1 ! desires :i*  
are nei!r good nor evil w rema98        
,cle>ly !y w4  ,& mu/ n a man love t :i*
 he desires & affects8  ,he mu/4  ,!n1  
ev5 if evil p]i%es1 !re may /ill rema9  
"s elem5ts ( love or fri5d%ip8  ,yes4   
,b n if evil is ! cause ( fri5d%ip3 = 9 
t case no?+ w be ! fri5d ( any o!r ?+   
aft] ! de/ruction ( evil2 = ! effect _c 
rema9 :5 ! cause is de/roy$4  ,true4  ,&
 h we n admitt$ already t ! fri5d loves 
some?+ = a reason8 & at ! "t ( mak+ !   
admission we 7 ( op9ion t ! nei!r good  
nor evil loves ! good because ( ! evil8 
,v true4  ,b n[ our view is *ang$1 & we 
conceive t !re mu/ be "s o!r cause (    

fri5d%ip8  ,i suppose s4  ,may n ! tru? 
be r1 z we 7 say+ j n[1 t desire is !   
cause ( fri5d%ip2 = t :i* desires is de>
 to t :i* is desir$ at ! "t ( desir+ x8 
& may n ! o!r !ory h be5 only a long    
/ory ab\t no?+8  ,likely en\gh4  ,b     
surely1 ,i said1 he :o desires1 desires 
t ( :i* he is 9 want8  ,yes4  ,& t ( :i*
 he is 9 want is de> to him8  ,true4  ,&
 he is 9 want ( t ( :i* he is depriv$8  
,c]ta9ly4  ,!n love1 & desire1 &        
fri5d%ip w\ld appe> to be ( ! natural or
 cong5ial4 ,su*1 ,lysis & ,m5ex5us1 is !
 inf]5ce4  ,!y ass5t$4  ,!n if y are    
fri5ds1 y mu/ h natures :i* are cong5ial
 to "o ano!r8  ,c]ta9ly1 !y bo? said4   
,& ,i say1 my boys1 t no "o :o loves or 
desires ano!r w\ld ev] h lov$ or desir$ 
or affect$ him1 if he _h n be5 9 "s way 
cong5ial to him1 ei!r 9 8 s\l1 or 9 8   
"*1 or 9 8 mann]s1 or 9 8 =m4  ,yes1    
yes1 said ,m5ex5us4 ,b ,lysis 0 sil5t4  
,!n1 ,i said1 ! conclusion is1 t :at is 
( a cong5ial nature mu/ be lov$4  ,x    
foll[s1 he said4  ,!n ! lov]1 :o is true

 & no c\nt]feit1 mu/ ( necessity be lov$
 by 8 love4  ,lysis & ,m5ex5us gave a   
fa9t ass5t to ?is2 & ,hippo?ales *ang$  
into all mann] ( col\rs ) delight4  ,"h1
 int5d+ to revise ! argum5t1 ,i said3 ,c
 we po9t out any diff]5ce betwe5 !      
cong5ial & ! l8 ,= if t is possible1 !n 
,i ?9k1 ,lysis & ,m5ex5us1 !re may be "s
 s5se 9 our argum5t ab\t fri5d%ip4 ,b if
 ! cong5ial is only ! l1 h[ w y get rid 
( ! o!r argum5t1 ( ! uselessness ( l to 
l 9 z f> z !y are l2 = to say t :at is  
useless is de>1 w\ld be absurd8         
,suppose1 !n1 t we agree to di/+ui%     
betwe5 ! cong5ial & ! l--9 !            
intoxication ( argum5t1 t may p]haps be 
all[$4  ,v true4  ,& %all we fur!r say t
 ! good is cong5ial1 & ! evil uncong5ial
 to e "o8 ,or aga9 t ! evil is cong5ial 
to ! evil1 & ! good to ! good2 & t :i*  
is nei!r good nor evil to t :i* is nei!r
 good nor evil8  ,!y agre$ to ! latt]   
alt]native4  ,!n1 my boys1 we h aga9    
fall5 into ! old disc>d$ error2 = !     
unju/ w be ! fri5d ( ! unju/1 & ! bad ( 

! bad1 z well z ! good ( ! good4  ,t    
appe>s to be ! result4  ,b aga91 if we  
say t ! cong5ial is ! same z ! good1 9 t
 case ! good & he only w be ! fri5d ( ! 
good4  ,true4  ,b t too 0 a position (  
ours :i*1 z y w rememb]1 has be5 already
 refut$ by ourselves4  ,we rememb]4  ,!n
 :at is to be done8 ,or r is !re any?+  
to be done8 ,i c only1 l ! wise m5 :o   
argue 9 c\rts1 sum up ! argum5ts3--,if  
nei!r ! belov$1 nor ! lov]1 nor ! l1 nor
 ! unlike1 nor ! good1 nor ! cong5ial1  
nor any o!r ( :om we spoke--= !re 7 su* 
a numb] ( !m t ,i _c rememb] all--if    
none ( ^! are fri5ds1 ,i "k n :at rema9s
 to be said4  ,"h ,i 0 go+ to invite !  
op9ion ( "s old] p]son1 :5 sudd5ly we 7 
int]rupt$ by ! tutors ( ,lysis &        
,m5ex5us1 :o came ^u u l an evil        
app>ition ) _! bro!rs1 & bade !m g home1
 z x 0 gett+ late4 ,at fir/1 we & !     
by-/&]s drove !m (f2 b aft]w>ds1 z !y   
w\ld n m9d1 & only w5t on %\t+ 9 _!     
b>b>\s dialect1 & got angry1 & kept     
call+ ! boys--!y appe>$ to u to h be5   

dr9k+ r too mu* at ! ,h]maea1 :i* made  
!m difficult to manage--we fairly gave  
way & broke up ! company4  ,i said1     
h[ev]1 a few words to ! boys at p>t+3 ,o
 ,m5ex5us & ,lysis1 h[ ridicul\s t y two
 boys1 & ,i1 an old boy1 :o w\ld fa9 be 
"o ( y1 %\ld imag9e ourselves to be     
fri5ds--?is is :at ! by-/&]s w g away & 
say--& z yet we h n be5 able to discov] 
:at is a fri5d6