,,jukes-,,edw>ds  ,a ,,/udy ,,9         
,,education ,,& ,,h]$ity          99    
99       99       99       99   ,,by    
,a4,e4 ,,w9%ip1 ,,litt4,d4          99  
99       99       99       99           
,,h>risburg1 ,,pa43  ,r4,l4 ,my]s  ,co4 
#aijj4     ,to ,,him   ,:o1 m ?an any   
o!r1 has taught u h[ to af=d opportunity
 = neglect$1 un=tunate & wayw>d boys &  
girls to trans=m !mselves into          
indu/ri\s1 virtu\s & upright citiz5s    
?r\gh ! mo/ rem>kable in/itution 9 ! l&1
  ,,william ,r4 ,,george1  ,,f\nd] ,,(  
,,! ,,george ,,junior ,,republic1  ,,?is
 ,,/udy ,,is ,,d$icat$4       ,r4,l4    
,,my]s  ,,co41   ,,publi%]s ,,(    ,/&>d
 ,helps = ,tea*]s1   ,/&>d ,s*ool       
,books4    ,,s5d ,,= ,,catalogue4       
,,h>risburg1 ,,p5na4     ,,preface4   ,(
 all ! problems :i* ,am]ica faces on !  
l& & on ! seas1 no "o is s important z t
 ( mak+ reg5]ates out ( deg5]ates4 ,!   
mass+ ( p 9 l>ge cities1 ! incom+ ( va/ 
multitudes f ! impov]i%$ masses ( sev]al
 ,european & ,asiatic c\ntries1 ! t5d5cy

 to int]pret lib]ty z lic5se1 !         
contagi\s nature ( moral1 z well z (    
physical1 diseases comb9e to make x ( ! 
utmo/ importance t ,am]ican ent]prise & 
moral =ce f9d ways & means = accompli%+ 
?is trans=mation4 ,! gr& results ( !    
movem5t 9 ,new ,york city inspir$ by    
,jacob ,riis2 ! fasc9at+ b5evol5ce ( !  
,roycr(t ,%op 9 ,ea/ ,aurora1 ,n4,y42 ! 
m>vel\s transfiguration ( "*--,i speak x
 rev]5tly--at ! ,george ,junior         
,republic1 ,freeville1 ,n4,y41 add$ to !
 ,college ,settlem5t & k9dr$ ef=ts m]ely
 indicate :at may be accompli%$ :5      
philan?ropy supplem5ts say+ by do+1 & :5
 ,*ri/ianity /&s = ! beauty ( :ol5ess & 
is satisfi$ ) no?+ less ?an ! physical1 
m5tal & moral conv]sions ( all classes  
among ! masses at home z well z abroad1 
9 ! ,ea/ z well z 9 ! ,we/4  ,a problem 
is prim>ily some?+ ?r[n at u z a *all5ge
 = u to see ?r\gh x4 ,to solve a problem
 is to loos5 x s t x may be look$ into  
or se5 ?r\gh4 ,:atev] contributes to !  
loos5+ ( a problem by ?r[+ light ^u !   

conditions is ( value 9 aid+ 9 its      
solution1 h5ce ! publication ( ?is /udy 
( ! family ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds z a       
contra/ to ! ,jukes4  ,a4,e4,w4         
,som]ville1 ,mass41 ,june #a1 #aijj4    
,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4                  
,page4    ,,! ,,jukes1                  
#g    ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,jona?an ,,edw>ds1 
#ae    ,,! ,,inh]itance ,,& ,,tra9+ ,,( 
,,mr4 ,,edw>ds1      #bj    ,,!         
,,*ildr5',s ,,/>t ,,9 ,,life1           
#bi    ,,mrs4 ,,edw>ds ,,& ,,home       
,,tra9+1                   #cg          
,,capacity1 ,,"* ,,& ,,tra9+1           
#da    ,,a>on ,,burr1                   
#dd    ,,contra/s1                      
#ec    ,,timo?y ,,edw>ds1               
#fa    ,,colonel ,,william ,,edw>ds1    
#fg    ,,! ,,m>y ,,edw>ds ,,dwight      
,,family1                   #gd         
,,*apt] ,i  ,,! ,,jukes   ,education is 
some?+ m ?an go+ to s*ool = a few weeks 
ea* ye>1 is m ?an kn[+ h[ to read &     
write4 ,x has to d ) "*1 ) indu/ry1 & ) 
patriotism4 ,education t5ds to d away ) 

vulg>ity1 paup]ism1 & crime1 t5ds to    
prev5t disease & disgrace1 & helps to   
manl9ess1 success & loyalty4  ,ignorance
 leads to all ^? ?+s t education tries  
to d away )1 & x t5ds to d away ) all ! 
?+s t education tries to cultivate4 ,x  
is easy to say ^! ?+s1 & e "o kn[s !y   
are true1 b few realize h[ mu* su*      
/atem5ts mean4 ,x is n easy to take a   
view ( su* matt]s ov] a long range ( "t 
& exp]i5ce4  ,a boy t leaves s*ool &    
%ifts = himself by black+ boots1 sell+  
pap]s1 & swip+ fruit (t5 appe>s mu*     
sm>t] ?an a boy ( ! same age :o is go+  
to s*ool all ! "t & does n see s mu* ( !
 _w4 ,a boy ( twelve :o has liv$ by 8   
wits is (t5 ke5] ?an a boy ( ! same age 
:o has be5 well br\ght up at home & at  
s*ool1 b su* a boy kn[s ab\t z mu* & is 
ab\t z mu* ( a man at twelve z he w ev] 
be1 :ile ! boy t gets an education      
becomes m & m ( a man z long z he lives4
  ,b ?is might be said a ?\s& times to e
 truant1 & x w\ld h v little effect1    
because he ?9ks t he w be an exception4 

,he nev] sees beyond 8 own boyi%        
sm>tness4 ,few m5 & wom5 realize h[ true
 x is t ^! sm>t rascally fell[s1 :o     
p]si/ 9 rema9+ 9 ignorance1 are to be ! 
vici\s1 paup]1 crim9al class :o are to  
fill ! d5s ( vice1 ! poorh\ses1 & !     
prisons2 :o are to be burgl>s1          
highwaym51 & murd]]s4 ,9 place (        
op9ions1 x is well sometimes to pres5t  
facts s cle> & def9ite t !y _c be       
=gott54  ,r4,a4 ,dugdale1 ( ,new ,york  
,/ate1 began ! /udy ( ,! ,jukes family 9
 #ahgd1 & 9 #ahgg 9 ! tw5tie? annual    
report ( ! ,new ,york ,prison           
,commission he made a /atem5t ( !       
results4,footnote3 ,g4,p4 ,putnam's     
,sons1 ,new ,york1 repr9t$ ?is /udy 9 ,!
 ,jukes4 ,?is brief summ>y ( ! ,jukes is
 bas$ ^u ! facts :i* ,mr4 ,dugdale has  
publi%$4  ,! ,jukes is a "n giv5 to a   
l>ge family ( deg5]ates4 ,x is n ! real 
"n ( any family1 b a g5]al t]m appli$ to
 =ty-two diff]5t names borne by ^? 9 ^: 
ve9s fl[s ! blood ( "o man4 ,! ^w jukes 
means to roo/4 ,x ref]s to ! habit (    

f[ls to h no home1 no ne/1 no coop1     
pref]r+ to fly into ! trees & roo/ away 
f ! places :]e !y belong4 ,! ^w has also
 come to mean p :o are too indol5t &    
lazy to /& up or sit up1 b sprawl out   
any:]e4 ,! ,jukes are a family t did n  
make good homes1 did n provide !mselves 
) com=ts1 did n "w /eadily4 ,!y are l   
h5s t fly into ! trees to roo/4  ,! fa!r
 ( ,! ,jukes ,mr4 ,dugdale /yl$ ,max4   
,he 0 born ab\t #agbj ( ,dut* /ock4 ,_h 
he rema9$ ) 8 home folk 9 ! t[n & be5   
educat$1 & ?rifty l ! re/ ( ! boys1 he  
might h giv5 ! _w a v diff]5t k9d (     
family f ,! ,jukes4  ,max 0 a jolly good
 fell[ & n v bad4 ,he 0 popul> & he c\ld
 tell a good /ory t made ev]ybody laugh4
 ,( c\rse he 0 vulg>1 su* jolly good    
fell[s are usually vulg>4 ,he w\ld n g  
to s*ool1 because he did n l x4 ,he w\ld
 n /ay 9 ev5+s1 = he did n l t4 ,he did 
n enjoy be+ talk$ to1 b always want$ to 
talk himself1 & to talk to boys :o w\ld 
laugh at 8 y>ns4 ,he w\ld n "w = he did 
n l x4 ,he want$ to g fi%+1 hunt+1 &    

trapp+2 s he left home e>ly & took to ! 
woods4  ,max lik$ nature4 ,he ?\ght he 0
 lots bett] ?an t[n p because he knew m 
ab\t nature4 ,he f\nd a lovely spot on !
 bord] ( a beautiful lake 9 ,new ,york  
,/ate1 :]e ! rocks are gr&1 ! wat]s     
lovely1 ! =e/ glori\s4 ,!re 0 nev] a m  
*>m+ place 9 :i* to be good & to love   
,god ?an ?is place :]e ,max built 8     
%anty ab\t #agej4 ,b he did n g !re to  
wor%ip or to be good4 ,he w5t simply to 
get away f good p1 to get :]e he w\ld n 
h to "w1 & :]e he w\ld n be prea*$ to1 &
 ?is beautiful spot became a notori\s   
cradle ( crime4 ,nature is lovely1 b x  
makes all ! diff]5ce 9 ! _w h[ we "k    
nature & :y we love x4  ,9 #ahgd ,ri*>d 
,l4 ,dugdale 0 employ$ by ! ,new ,york  
,prison ,commission to visit ! prisons (
 ! /ate4 ,9 ?is visit he 0 surpris$ to  
f9d crim9als 9 six diff]5t prisons ^:   
relatives 7 mo/ly crim9als or paup]s1 & 
! m surpris$ to discov] t ^! six        
crim9als1 "u f\r diff]5t names1 7 all   
desc5d$ f ! same family4 ,?is l$ ,mr4   

,dugdale to /udy _! relatives1 liv+ &   
dead4 ,he gave himself up to ?is "w )   
great zeal1 /udy+ ! c\rt & prison       
records1 reports ( t[n poorh\ses1 & !   
te/imony ( old neighbors & employ]s4 ,he
 le>n$ ! details ( #edj desc5dants (    
,max 9 five g5]ations4 ,he le>n$ ! exact
 facts ab\t #afi :o m>ri$ into ! family4
 ,x is cu/om>y to c\nt z ( a family ! m5
 :o m>ry into x4 ,he trac$ 9 "p o!rs1   
:i* c>ri$ ! numb] up to #a1bjj p]sons ( 
! family ( ! ,jukes4  ,! ,jukes r>ely   
m>ri$ =eign-born m5 or wom51 s t x may  
be /yl$ a di/9ctively ,am]ican family4  
,! almo/ univ]sal traits ( ! family 7   
idl5ess1 ignorance1 & vulg>ity4 ,!y w\ld
 n "w1 !y c\ld n be made to /udy1 & !y  
lov$ vulg>ity4 ,^! *>act]i/ics l$ to    
disease & disgrace1 to paup]ism & crime4
 ,!y 7 a disgu/+ly diseas$ family z a   
:ole4 ,!re 7 _m imbeciles & _m insane4  
,^? ( ! ,jukes :o t5d$ to paup]ism 7    
r>ely crim9al1 & ^? :o 7 crim9al 7 r>ely
 paup]s4 ,! sick1 ! weak1 & goody-goody 
ones 7 almo/ all paup]s2 ! heal?y1 /rong

 ones 7 crim9als4  ,x is a well-kn[n    
fact 9 sociology t crim9als are ( ?ree  
classes3 ,fir/1 ^? :o direct crime1 !   
capitali/s 9 crime1 :o are r>ely arre/$1
 :o seldom commit any crime1 b inspire  
m5 to crime 9 v>i\s ways4 ,^! are       
intellig5t & h to be educat$ to "s      
ext5t4 ,!y pr(it by crime & take slight 
risks4  ,second1 ^? :o commit h]oic     
crimes & f9d "s satisfaction 9 ! skill &
 d>+ requir$4 ,safe-break+1 tra9 robb]y1
 & "s types ( burgl>y require m5 (      
ability & pluck1 & ^? :o d ^! ?+s h a   
species ( pride 9 x4  ,?ird1 ^? :o      
commit weak & imbecile crimes1 :i* m>k !
 do] z a sneak & a c[>d4 ,^! m5 rob h5  
roo/s1 waylay helpless wom5 & old m51   
/eal clo?+ 9 hallways1 & burn build+s4  
,!y are always c[>dly ab\t ev]y?+ !y d1 
& nev] h ! pluck to /eal *ick5s ev5     
until !y are half drunk4 ,!y (t5 commit 
murd]1 b only :5 !y are detect$ 9 "s    
sneak+ crime & %oot because !y are too  
c[>dly to face _! discov]]4  ,n[ !      
,jukes 7 almo/ nev] ( ! fir/ or second  

class4 ,!y c\ld n be crim9als t requir$ 
capital1 bra9s1 education or n]ve4 ,ev5 
! k9d ( paup]ism & crime 9 :i* !y       
indulg$ 0 p>ticul>ly disgraceful4 ,?is  
is inevitably true ( all classes ( p :o 
comb9e idl5ess1 ignorance1 & vulg>ity4  
,!y are n ev5 respectable among crim9als
 & paup]s4  ,!re is an honorable        
paup]ism4 ,x is no disgrace to be poor  
or to be 9 a poorh\se if !re is a good  
reason = x4 ,"o may be manly 9 pov]ty4  
,b ! ,jukes 7 nev] manly or honorable   
paup]s1 !y 7 weakl+s among paup]s4  ,!y 
7 a great exp5se to ! /ate1 co/+ 9 crime
 & paup]ism m ?an #a1bej1jjj4 ,tak5 z a 
:ole1 !y n only did n contribute to !   
_w's prosp]ity1 b !y co/ m ?an #a1jjj a 
piece1 includ+ all m51 wom51 & *ildr51 =
 paup]ism & crime4  ,^? :o work$ did !  
l[e/ k9d ( s]vice & receiv$ ! smalle/   
wages4 ,only tw5ty ( ! #a1bjj le>n$ a   
trade1 & t5 ( ^? le>n$ x 9 ! /ate       
prison4 ,ev5 !y 7 n regul>ly employ$4   
,m5 :o "w regul>ly ev5 at unskill$ labor
 are g5]ally hone/ m5 & provide = !     

family4 ,a habit ( irregul> "w is a     
species ( m5tal or moral weakness1 or   
bo?4 ,a man or woman :o w n /ick to a   
job is morally c]ta9 to be a paup] or a 
crim9al4  ,"o great b5efit ( go+ to     
s*ool1 especially ( att5d+ regul>ly =   
eight or t5 mon?s ea* ye> = n9e ye>s or 
m1 is t x e/abli%es a habit ( regul>ity 
& p]si/5cy 9 ef=t4 ,! boy :o leaves     
s*ool to g to "w does n necess>ily le>n 
to "w /eadily1 b (t5 q ! rev]se4 ,few :o
 graduate f a gramm> s*ool1 or :o take !
 equival5t c\rse 9 a rural s*ool1 fail  
to be regul> 9 _! habits ( ef=t4 ,?is   
acc\nts 9 "p = ! fact t few unskill$    
workm5 ev] graduat$ f a gramm> s*ool4   
,sc>cely any ( ! ,jukes 7 ev] at s*ool  
any consid]able "t4 ,probably no "o ( !m
 ev] _h s mu* z a complet$ rural s*ool  
education4  ,x is v difficult to f9d    
anyone :o is hone/ & indu/ri\s1 pure &  
prosp]\s1 :o has n _h a fair education1 
if he ev] _h ! opportunity1 z all *ildr5
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates n[ h4 ,x is an       
int]e/+ fact develop$ f a /udy ( !      

,jukes t x is mu* easi] to re=m a       
crim9al ?an a paup]4  ,"h are a few     
facts by way ( conclusion4 ,on ! basis (
 ! facts ga!r$ by ,mr4 ,dugdale1 #caj ( 
! #a1bjj 7 pr(essional paup]s1 or m ?an 
"o 9 f\r4 ,^! 7 9 poorh\ses or its      
equival5t = #b1cjj ye>s4  ,?ree hundr$ (
 ! #a1bjj1 or "o 9 f\r1 di$ 9 infancy f 
lack ( good c>e & good conditions4  ,!re
 7 fifty wom5 :o liv$ lives ( notori\s  
debau*]y4  ,f\r hundr$ m5 & wom5 7      
physically wreck$ e>ly by _! own        
wick$ness4  ,!re 7 sev5 murd]]s4  ,sixty
 7 habitual ?ieves :o sp5t on ! av]age  
twelve ye>s ea* 9 lawless depr$ations4  
,!re 7 #acj crim9als :o 7 convict$ m or 
less (t5 ( crime4  ,:at a picture ?is   
pres5ts6 ,"s slight improvem5t 0 app>5t 
:5 ,mr4 ,dugdale clos$ 8 /udies4 ,?is   
result$ f ev5+ s*ools1 f manual tra9+   
s*ools1 f improv$ conditions ( labor1 f 
! lat] me?ods ( treat+ prison]s4        
,,*apt] ,,ii  ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,jona?an   
,,edw>ds   ,! /ory ( ! ,jukes z publi%$ 
by ,mr4 ,dugdale has be5 ! text ( a     

multitude ( s]mons1 ! !me ( numb]less   
addresses1 ! inspiration ( no end (     
editorials & essays4 ,= tw5ty ye>s !re 0
 a call = a companion picture4 ,e       
prea*]1 orator1 & editor :o pres5t$ !   
/ory ( ! ,jukes1 ) its abhorr5t         
features1 want$ ! facts = a *e]y1       
com=t+1 conv9c+ contra/4 ,?is 0 n to be 
_h = ! ask+4 ,sev]al attempts _h be5    
made to f9d ! key to su* a /udy )\t     
discov]+ a p]son ( ! requir$ prom95ce1  
born suffici5tly long ago1 ) ! necess>y 
vigor ( intellect & /r5g? ( "* :o       
e/abli%$ ! habit ( hav+ l>ge families4  
,9 #ahig a pr(essional s*ol>ly          
organization--to :i* ! au?or has ! honor
 to belong--assign$ to him1 )\t 8 k or  
cons5t1 ! duty ( prep>+ an essay ^u     
,jona?an ,edw>ds = ! ,may meet+ ( #ahih4
 ,! /udy !n begun l$ to a se>* = ! facts
 reg>d+ 8 family1 & :5 x came to light t
 "o ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds' desc5dants      
presid$ ov] ! ,new ,york ,prison        
,commission :5 x employ$ ,mr4 ,dugdale  
to make a /udy ( ! ,jukes1 !            

appropriat5ess ( ! contra/ 0 m ?an ev]  
app>5t4  ,9 ?is /udy ! s\rces (         
in=mation are ! v>i\s g5ealogies (      
families 9 :i* ! desc5dants ( ,mr4      
,edw>ds play a "p1 v>i\s t[n hi/ories & 
*ur* & college publications1 b *iefly ! 
biographical diction>ies & encyclopa$ias
 9 :i* ! records ( ! m5 ( ! family are  
*ronicl$4 ,x w\ld be impossible to foll[
 out ! positions occupi$ by ! v>i\s     
memb]s b = ! pride !y all feel 9 record+
 ! fact t !y are desc5dants ( ,jona?an  
,edw>ds4 ,a good illu/ration ( ?is may  
be _h 9 ! curr5t ann\ncem5ts ( !        
m>vel\sly popul> novel1 ,ri*>d ,c>vel1 9
 :i* x is always emphasiz$ t ,mr4 ,w9/on
 ,*ur*ill1 ! au?or1 is a desc5dant (    
,jona?an ,edw>ds4  ,only two ,am]icans  
e/abli%$ a consid]able & p]man5t        
reputation 9 ! _w ( ,european ?\ght     
prior to ! pres5t c5tury1--,b5jam9      
,frankl9 & ,jona?an ,edw>ds4 ,9 #agcf1  
,dr4 ,isaac ,watts publi%$ 9 ,engl& ,mr4
 ,edw>ds' acc\nt ( ! beg9n+ ( ! great   
awak5+ 9 ! ,connecticut valley4 ,"h m   

?an a c5tury & a half ago1 :5 ! colonies
 7 small1 _! future unsuspect$ & !      
ability ( _! lead]s unrecogniz$1        
,jona?an ,edw>ds erect$ ! /&>d (        
,or?odoxy = enlight5$ ,prote/ant        
,europe4 ,:o c e/imate ! eloqu5ce ( t   
simple fact8 ,almo/ ev]y?+ ( 8 :i* 0    
publi%$ 9 ! colonies 0 spe$ily republi%$
 9 ,engl&4 ,( :at o!r ,am]ican          
philosoph] & !ologian has ?is be5 true8 
,"h are a few ( ! tributes to ,mr4      
,edw>ds3  ,daniel ,web/]3 ,! ,fre$om ( !
 ,w by ,mr4 ,edw>ds is ! greate/        
a*ievem5t ( ! human intellect4  ,dr4    
,*alm]s3 ,! greate/ ( !ologians4  ,rob]t
 ,hall3 ,he 0 ! greate/ ( ! sons ( m54  
,dugald ,/ew>t3 ,edw>ds on ! ,w nev] 0  
answ]$ & nev] w be answ]$4              
,encyclopa$ia3 ,"o ( ! greate/          
metaphysicians ( 8 age4  ,ed9burgh      
,review3 ,"o ( ! acute/ & mo/ p[]ful (  
reason]s4  ,london ,qu>t]ly ,review3 ,8 
gigantic specim5 ( !ological argum5t is 
z ne> to p]fection z we may expect any  
human composition to approa*4 ,he unites

 ! %>pness ( ! scimet> & ! /r5g? ( !    
battle-axe4  ,we/m9/] ,review3 ,f ! days
 ( ,plato !re has be5 no life ( m simple
 & impos+ gr&eur ?an t ( ,jona?an       
,edw>ds4  ,presid5t ,mc,cosh1 (         
,pr9ceton3 ,! greate/ ?9k] t ,am]ica has
 produc$4  ,lyman ,bee*]3 ,a pr9ce among
 prea*]s4 ,9 our day !re is no man :o   
comes )9 a ?\s& miles ( him4            
,griswold's ,prose ,writ]s3 ,! fir/ man 
( ! _w dur+ ! second qu>t] ( ! eighte5? 
c5tury4  ,holli/]'s ,hi/ory (           
,connecticut3 ,! mo/ gift$ man ( !      
eighte5? c5tury1 p]haps ! mo/ pr(\nd    
?9k] 9 ! _w4  ,moses ,coit ,tyl]3 ,! mo/
 orig9al & acute ?9k] yet produc$ 9     
,am]ica4  ,?is is ! man ^: intellectual 
life has ?rill$ 9 ! m5tal activity ( m  
?an #a1djj m5 & wom5 ( ! pa/ c5tury & a 
half1 & :i* has n lo/ its virtue or its 
p[] 9 all ^! ye>s4  ,engl& & ,scotl& are
 n wont to sit at our feet ev5 9 ?is    
day1 & yet !y sat at ! feet ( ,jona?an  
,edw>ds z 9 ! pres5ce ( a ma/] :5 he 0 a
 m]e home mission>y1 liv+ among !       

,indians1 to :om he prea*$ e ,"l's day4 
,! bir? ( fame is always an int]e/+     
/udy4 ,x is easy to play ! "p ( a rocket
 if "o c sizzle1 & fla%1 & rise sudd5ly 
9 d>kness1 b to take "o's place among   
lum9>ies & %9e ) p]man5t brilliancy is s
 r>e an exp]i5ce z to pres5t a fasc9at+ 
/udy4  ,jona?an ,edw>ds 0 tw5ty-eight   
ye>s ( age1 _h be5 ! pa/or ( a *ur* on !
 fronti]1 z ,nor?ampton 01 = f\r ye>s   
)\t any notable exp]i5ce1 :5 he 0 invit$
 to prea* ! annual s]mon be=e !         
association ( m9i/]s at ,bo/on4 ,nev]   
s9ce t day h ,bo/on & ,h>v>d be5 m      
?or\ghly ! seat ( culture & (           
intellectual p[] ?an !n4 ,x 0 a         
rem>kable ev5t = a "y man ( tw5ty-eight 
to be invit$ to come f ! ,we/]n limit ( 
civilization & prea* ! annual s]mon be=e
 ! philosophical1 !ological1 & s*ola/ic 
ma/]s ( ! ,ea/4 ,?is s]mon 0 s p[]ful t 
! association publi%$ x4 ,?is 0 8 fir/  
appe>ance 9 pr9t4 ,s pr(\ndly mov$ by   
?is ef=t 7 ! *ur*es ( ,new ,engl& t !   
cl]gym5 g5]ally gave public ?anks to !  

,head ( ! ,*ur* = rais+ up s great a    
tea*] & prea*]4 ,?us 0 born ! fame (    
,jona?an ,edw>ds4  ,x is ne>ly #agj ye>s
 s9ce !n4 ,sci5ce & inv5tion1 ent]prise 
& ambition h done great ?+s = ,am]ica & 
= ,am]icans4 ,we h mighty univ]sities1  
libr>ies1 & laboratories1 b we h no man 
:o ?9ks m cle>ly1 writes m logically1   
speaks m vigor\sly ?an did ,jona?an     
,edw>ds1 & we h nev] _h su* a comb9ation
 ( _s & p[] 9 any o!r ,am]ican4 ,?is    
ma/]y is reveal+ itself 9 v>i\s ways 9  
hundr$s ( 8 desc5dants to-day1 & x has  
nev] ceas$ to d x s9ce 8 blood gave     
tonic to ! ?\ght & "* ( 8 *ildr5 & 8    
*ildr5's *ildr54     ,,*apt] ,,iii  ,,! 
,,inh]itance ,,& ,,tra9+ ,,( ,,mr4      
,,edw>ds   ,no man c h ! intellectual   
p[]1 nobility ( "*1 & p]sonal gr&eur (  
,jona?an ,edw>ds & transmit x to 8      
*ildr5's *ildr5 = a c5tury & a half :o  
has n himself _h a great inh]itance4 ,! 
:ole tea*+ ( ! culture ( animals &      
plants leaves no room to "q ! p]si/5cy (
 "*1 & ?is is s gr&ly exemplifi$ 9 !    

desc5dants ( ,mr4 ,edw>ds t x is int]e/+
 to see :at inh]itances 7 focus$ 9 him4 
,x is n surpris+ to f9d t ! ance/ors (  
,mr4 ,edw>ds 7 cradl$ 9 ! intellectual  
lit]>y activities ( ! days ( ,que5      
,elizabe?4 ,! family is ( ,wel% orig9 & 
c be trac$ z f> z #abhb1 :5 ,edw>d1 !   
conqu]]1 appe>$4 ,8 great-great-gr&fa!r1
 ,ri*>d ,edw>ds1 :o w5t f ,wales to     
,london ab\t #aehj1 0 a cl]gyman 9 !    
,elizabe?an p]iod4 ,^? 7 days :i*       
provid$ tonic = ! ke5e/ spirits &       
brighte/ m9ds & pr(essional m5 pr(it$   
mo/ f ! influ5ce ( ,sp5c]1 ,bacon1 &    
,%akespe>e4  ,among ! fir/ m5 to come to
 ! new colonies 9 ,new ,engl& 0         
,william1 a son ( ?is cl]gyman1 born    
ab\t #afbj1 :o came to ,h>t=d1 :]e 8 son
 ,ri*>d1 born #afdg1 ! gr&fa!r (        
,jona?an1 0 an em95tly prosp]\s m]*ant4 
,ri*>d 0 an only son4 ,! fa!r (         
,jona?an1 ,timo?y ,edw>ds1 0 an only son
 9 a family ( sev54 ,ari/ocracy 0 at its
 height 9 ! h\sehold ( ! m]*ants (      
,h>t=d 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4  

,h>v>d 0 ,am]ica's only college1 & x 0 a
 great ev5t = a "y man to g f ,h>t=d to 
,h>v>d1 b ?is ,timo?y ,edw>ds did1 & he 
took all atta9able honors1 graduat+ 9   
#affa1 tak+ ! degrees ( ,a4,b4 & ,a4,m4 
! same day1 an uncommon m>k ( respect   
paid extraord9>y pr(ici5cy 9 le>n+4 ,?is
 brilliant graduate ( ,h>v>d 0 soon     
settl$ ov] ! *ur* at ,ea/ ,w9dsor1      
,conn41 :]e he rema9$ sixty-five ye>s z 
pa/or4  ,:o c e/imate ! inh]itance :i*  
comes to a *ild ( su* a pa/or :o _h be5 
born 9 a m]*ant's home4 ,9 ! f\r        
g5]ations :i* /ood beh9d ,jona?an       
,edw>ds 7 two m]*ants & two prea*]s1 a  
gr& comb9ation = manly & intellectual   
p[]4  ,9 ?is pa/or's home ,jona?an      
,edw>ds 0 born ,octob] #e1 #agjc4 ,^? 7 
days 9 :i* great m5 came into ! _w4 ,!re
 7 born )9 fifte5 ye>s ( ,jona?an       
,edw>ds a wond]ful array ( ?9k]s along  
religi\s & philosophic l9es1 m5 :o h    
mold$ ! ?\ght & lives ( a multitude (   
p]sons4 ,among ^! intellectual giants   
born )9 fifte5 ye>s ( ,mr4 ,edw>ds 7    

,john ,wesley1 ,george ,:itefield1      
,sw$5borg1 ,voltaire1 ,r\sseau1 & ,hume4
  ,9 ord] to appreciate ! full          
significance ( ,mr4 ,edw>ds' legacy to !
 _w1 x is well to /udy "s conditions ( 8
 life4 ,x w\ld n be easy to f9d a man ^:
 surr\nd+s & tra9+ 9 *ildhood 7 bett]   
?an ^? ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds4 ,! p>sonage  
on ! banks ( ! ,connecticut 0 a         
delightful home4 ,8 p>5ts & 8 gr&p>5ts 7
 ideal ,am]ican ,*ri/ian educat$ p]sons4
 ,he 0 prep>$ = college by 8 fa!r & "m4 
,he 0 a dev\t little ,*ri/ian be=e he 0 
twelve ye>s ( age4 ,:5 he 0 b t5 ye>s   
old he1 ) two o!r lads ab\t 8 own age1  
made a boo? ( bran*es 9 a retir$ spot 9 
a neighbor+ wood1 :]e ! ?ree w5t daily =
 a season ( pray]4  ,he began ! /udy (  
,lat9 at six & at twelve _h a good      
prep>ation = college 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 & 
,hebrew1 all ( :i* _h come f home /udy4 
,he n only knew books1 b he knew nature 
& lov$ h]4 ,f e>ly *ildhood to advanc$  
ye>s ?is rema9$ true4 ,he ent]$ ,yale   
college at twelve ye>s ( age4 ,9 a lett]

 :i* he wrote :ile a college fre%man he 
speaks ( himself z a *ild4 ,n _m fre%m5 
take t view ( !mselves1 b a lad (       
twelve1 away f home at college c\ld h   
be5 little m ?an a *ild4  ,he 0 ! fif? 9
 a family ( elev5 *ildr51 s t he _h no  
lack ( companion%ip f bo? old] & y\ng]  
si/]s4 ,! old] si/]s _h contribut$ mu*  
to 8 prep>ation = college4 ,!y 7 a      
nev]-fail+ s\rce ( inspiration4 ,at     
f\rte5 he read 9 a ma/]ly way ,locke on 
! ,human ,und]/&+4 ,x took a p[]ful hold
 on 8 m9d & greatly affect$ 8 life4 ,9 a
 lett] to 8 fa!r he ask$ a special favor
 t he might h a copy ( ,! ,art ( ,?9k+1 
n because x 0 necess>y to 8 college "w1 
b because he ?\ght x w\ld be pr(itable4 
,:ile /ill 9 8 te5s he wrote a s]ies (  
,resolutions1 ! l ( :i* x w\ld be       
difficult to duplicate 9 ! case ( any   
o!r y\?4 ,^! ?+s are dwelt ^u z indicat+
 ! way 9 :i* e fibre ( 8 be+ 0 prep>$ = 
! great moral & intellectual legacy he  
left 8 *ildr5 & 8 *ildr5's *ildr54 ,"h  
are t5 ( 8 sev5ty resolutions3          

,resolv$1 to d :atev] ,i ?9k to be my   
duty1 & mo/ = ! good & advantage (      
mank9d 9 g5]al4  ,resolv$1 s to d1      
:atev] difficulties ,i meet )1 h[ _m    
soev]1 & h[ great soev]4  ,resolv$1 to  
be cont9ually endeavor+ to f9d out "s   
new contrivance & inv5tion to promote ! 
=em5tion$ ?+s4  ,resolv$1 nev] to lose  
"o mom5t ( "t1 b to improve x 9 ! mo/   
pr(itable way ,i possibly c4  ,resolv$1 
to live ) all my might :ile ,i d live4  
,resolv$1 to be endeavor+ to f9d out fit
 objects ( *>ity & lib]ality4  ,resolv$1
 nev] to d any?+ out ( rev5ge4          
,resolv$1 nev] to suff] ! lea/ motions (
 ang] t[>ds irrational be+s4  ,resolv$1 
nev] to speak evil ( any "o1 s t x %all 
t5d to 8 di%onor1 m or less1 ^u no      
acc\nt except = "s real good4  ,resolv$1
 to ma9ta9 ! /ricte/ temp]ance 9 eat+ & 
dr9k+4  ,yale 9 ! days ( ,mr4 ,edw>ds 0 
n ! ,yale ( ! clos+ ye> ( ! n9ete5?     
c5tury4 ,x has n[ #b1ejj /ud5ts & has _h
 #ai1jjj graduates4 ,x _h a v humble    
beg9n+ 9 ,m>*1 #agjb1 ! ye> be=e ,mr4   

,edw>ds 0 born4 ,x began ) "o lone      
/ud5t4 ,! fa!r ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds _h be5
 greatly int]e/$ 9 ! />t+ ( ! college4  
,9 #agja1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,russell1 (        
,bran=d1 a graduate ( ,h>v>d1 z 0 !     
s5ior ,edw>ds1 invit$ to 8 home t5 o!r  
,connecticut pa/ors ( :om n9e 7         
graduates ( ,h>v>d4 ,ea* br\ght f 8     
libr>y "s ( 8 mo/ valuable books1 & lay+
 !m ^u ,mr4 ,russell's table1 said3 ,i  
give ^! books = ! f\nd+ ( a college 9   
?is colony4 ,?is produc$ a pr(\nd       
impression ^u ! cl]gym5 ( ,connecticut1 
notably ^u ! graduates ( ,h>v>d4 ,! fir/
 ye> ! college 0 nom9ally locat$ at     
,saybrook1 b z !re 0 only "o /ud5t he   
liv$ ) ! presid5t at ,kill+wor?1 n[     
,cl9ton1 n9e miles away4  ,:5 ,jona?an  
,edw>ds1 a lad ( twelve1 ent]$ college1 
!re _h be51 all told1 only ab\t fifty   
graduates4 ,x 0 dur+ ! "t t he 0 a /ud5t
 t ! college took ! "n ( ,yale4 ,! fir/ 
ye> he 0 !re ! college 0 9 ?ree places  
at ! same "t because ( diss5sions among 
! /ud5ts1 & ! v small class graduat$ 9  

two places because nei!r faction w\ld g 
to ! o!r place4 ,9 all ^! agitations    
,mr4 ,edw>ds took no "p4 ,he simply     
devot$ himself to 8 /udies & foll[$ !   
l9e ( lea/ resi/ance s f> z tak+ sides 9
 a s5seless controv]sy 0 conc]n$4 ,aft] 
graduation he rema9$ at ,yale two ye>s =
 po/-graduate "w1 mo/ly 9 !ology1 & !n  
accept$ an invitation to prea* = ! lead+
 ,presbyt]ian *ur* 9 ,new ,york ,city2 b
 aft] eight mon?s he return$ to ,yale z 
a tutor & rema9$ two ye>s4  ,at ?is "t  
he 0 v sev]e 9 discipl9e1 b5d+ e en]gy  
to secur+ ! "r conditions = ! mo/ & be/ 
"w4 ,?is is :at he wrote 9 8 di>y :5 he 
0 tw5ty-"o3  ,by a sp>+ness 9 diet1 &   
eat+1 z mu* z may be1 :at is light &    
easy ( dige/ion1 ,i %all d\btless be    
able to ?9k m cle>ly1 & %all ga9 "t3    
#a4 ,by l5g!n+ out my life4  #b4 ,%all  
ne$ less "t = dige/ion aft] meals4  #c4 
,%all be able to /udy m closely1 )\t    
injury to my heal?4  #d4 ,%all ne$ less 
"t = sleep4  #e4 ,%all m seldom be      
tr\bl$ ) ! heada*e4  ,mr4 ,edw>ds 0     

tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age :5 he 0 orda9$ at 
,nor?ampton z associate pa/or ) 8       
gr&fa!r ,/odd>d1 !n 9 8 #hd? ye>1 & !   
#ed? ye> ( 8 pa/orate4 ,soon aft] ?is   
,mr4 ,/odd>d di$ & ,mr4 ,edw>ds became  
pa/or 9 full *>ge & rema9$ = tw5ty-five 
ye>s4 ,he 0 a great /ud5t & ?9k]4 ,he   
rose at f\r o'clock & sp5t ?irte5 h\rs a
 day 9 8 /udy4 ,x is wor? :ile to foll[ 
! p]sonal intellectual habits ( ! man ^:
 desc5dants we are to /udy4 ,:5 he 0    
ready = ! consid]ation ( a great subject
 he w\ld set ap>t a week = x & m\nt+ 8  
horse e>ly ,monday morn+ w\ld />t (f = !
 hills & =e/s4 ,:5 he _h ?\ght himself  
up to a satisfactory int5sity he w\ld   
alight1 fa/5 8 horse1 g (f into ! woods 
& ?9k himself ?r\gh t p>ticul> /age ( ! 
argum5t1 !n he w\ld p9 a bit ( pap] on  
"s p>ticul> place on 8 coat z a rem9d] (
 ! conclusion he _h rea*$4 ,he w\ld !n  
ride on "s miles fur!r & repeat !       
exp]i5ce4 ,n infrequ5tly he w\ld be gone
 ! entire week on a ?9k+ exp$ition1     
return+ ) ! front ( 8 coat cov]$ ) !    

scalps ( intellectual victories4 ,)\t   
/opp+ = any dome/ic salutations he w\ld 
g at once to 8 /udy & tak+ (f ^! bits ( 
pap] 9 ! same ord] 9 :i* he _h put !m on
 w\ld c>efully write out 8 argum5t4 ,9  
no?+ did ,jona?an ,edw>ds /& out s      
cle>ly z boy1 y\? & man z 9 8 sacrifice 
( e o!r feature ( 8 life = ! atta9m5t ( 
p[] z a ?9k]4  ,mr4 ,edw>ds has gone    
into hi/ory z a !ologian ( ! mo/ /alw>t 
"*4 ,x is und5iable t he prea*$ ! mo/   
t]rific doctr9e ev] utt]$ by an ,am]ican
 lead]1 b ?is 0 only ! logical result ( 
! intellectual projection ( 8 ef=t to   
make sacrifices 9 ord] to b5efit        
humanity4 ,z a *ild he sacrific$ ev]y?+ 
= heal? & virtue t he might h influ5ce1 
& z a man he knew no o!r plan or purpose
 9 life4 ,8 ma/]piece is ^u ! w :i* he  
develop$ to ! full 9 himself4  ,!       
greate/ religi\s awak5+ t ! ,we/]n _w   
has ev] kn[n 0 />t$ 9 8 *ur* at         
,nor?ampton1 n ov] ecclesia/ical        
diff]5ces1 or !ological discussion b ov]
 a "q ( morality among ! "y p ( ! t[n4  

,x _h to d ) ! impropriety ( ! "y ladies
 ent]ta9+ _! g5tlem5 fri5ds on ,sunday  
ev5+s & especially ( _! all[+ !m to     
rema9 to su* unreasonable h\rs4 ,& !    
issue :i* ultimately drove him f 8      
pa/orate1 aft] tw5ty-five ye>s ( s]vice1
 by an almo/ unanim\s vote 0 n "o (     
ecclesia/icism or !ology1 b ( morals    
among ! "y p4 ,he insi/$ ^u vigor\s     
action 9 relation to ! loose & z he     
?\ght immoral read+ ( ! y\? ( ! t[n4 ,z 
?is involv$ "s prom95t families he _h to
 retire f ! pa/orate4  ,! views ( ,mr4  
,edw>ds on pa/oral "w reveal ! s+l5ess (
 purpose ( ! man z a /ud5t & ?9k]4 ,he  
nev] made pa/oral calls4 ,he _h no      
criticism to make ( ^? pa/ors :o _h     
tal5t = ent]ta9+ p by occasional calls1 
b z he _h no gifts 9 t direction he     
reg>d$ x advisable to use 8 "t 9        
cultivat+ su* tal5ts z he _h4 ,:oev]    
wi%$ to talk ) him ab\t p]sonal1 moral  
or religi\s conditions f\nd 9 him a     
pr(itable c\nsellor4 ,9 8 prea*+1 :i* 0 
equal to any?+ ,am]ica has ev] kn[n1 he 

made no attempt to w9 8 he>]s by tricks 
( oratory or by emotional appeals1 ?\gh 
he _h a mo/ fasc9at+ p]sonality4 ,he 0  
six feet 9 height1 sl5d] 9 =m1 ) a high1
 broad =ehead1 eyes pi]c+ & lum9\s & a  
s]5e c\nt5ance4 ,9 ! pulpit he 0        
graceful1 easy1 natural & e>ne/1 ?\gh he
 _h little action4 ,he re/$ 8 left elb[ 
on ! pulpit & held 8 manuscript 9 8 left
 h& :ile ) 8 "r he turn$ ! leaves4 ,9   
him 7 comb9$ ! intellectual & moral     
vigor :i* are calculat$ to make !       
prog5itor ( a great family4     ,,*apt] 
,,iv  ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,/>t ,,9 ,,life  
,! elev5 *ildr5 ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds _h an
 un5viable />t 9 life s f> z _!         
environm5t 0 conc]n$4 ,! olde/ 0 /ill 9 
h] te5s :5 s]i\s tr\ble arose 9 ! p>i%  
at ,nor?ampton4 ,mr4 ,edw>ds 0 pa/or at 
,nor?ampton = tw5ty-five ye>s1 & a m    
fruitful pa/orate or a m glori\s        
m9i/]ial c>e] = a qu>t] ( a c5tury no   
man c\ld ask4 ,he made t *ur* on !      
fronti] ! l>ge/ ,prote/ant *ur* 9 ! _w1 
& x 0 ! mo/ influ5tial z well z ! be/   

kn[n4 ,!re began ! greate/ religi\s     
awak5+ ( mod]n times4 ,9 8 *ur*1 result+
 f 8 prea*+1 began a revival :i* /irr$  
into activity e *ur* 9 ,massa*usetts1 e 
*ur* 9 ! colonies1 & mo/ ( ! ,prote/ant 
*ur*es ( ,great ,brita9 & ,europe4      
,aft] ?is long & em95tly successful     
pa/orate1 ,mr4 ,edw>ds prea*$ a s]mon   
ab\t ! read+ & conv]sation ( "y p ^u    
subjects ( que/ionable propriety1 :i* l$
 to su* local excitem5t t ^u !          
recomm5dation ( an ecclesia/ical c\ncil 
he 0 dismiss$ by a vote ( #bjj to #bj1 &
 ! t[n vot$ t he be n p]mitt$ on any    
occasion to prea* or lecture 9 ! *ur*4  
,mr4 ,edw>ds 0 :olly unprep>$ f9ancially
 = ?is unusual ecclesia/ical & civic    
action4 ,he _h no o!r means ( e>n+ a    
liv+1 s t1 until donations began to come
 9 f f> & ne>1 ,mrs4 ,edw>ds1 at ! age (
 =ty1 ! "m ( elev5 *ildr5 ) ! y\nge/    
less ?an a ye> old1 0 oblig$ to take 9  
"w = ! support ( ! family4 ,aft] a      
little "t ,mr4 ,edw>ds secur$ a small   
mission *>ge 9 an ,indian village :]e   

!re 7 twelve :ite & #aej ,indian        
families4 ,"h he rema9$ eight ye>s 9    
quiet until1 a few weeks be=e 8 dea?1 he
 0 call$ to ! presid5cy & pa/orate (    
,pr9ceton1 !n a "y & small college4  ,! 
la/ f\r ye>s ( _! life at ,nor?ampton 7 
indescribably try+ to ! *ildr54 ,human  
nature 0 ! same !n z n[1 & ev]yone kn[s 
h[ heavily ! public dislike ( a prom95t 
man be>s ^u 8 *ildr54 ,!                
conv5tionalities :i* keep adults )9 b\nd
 9 spee* & action are unkn[n to *ildr51 
& :at ! p>5ts say beh9d a cl]gyman's    
back1 *ildr5 say to 8 *ildr5's face4    
,?is p]iod ( *ildhood social horror end$
 only by removal to a mission>y p>sonage
 among ! ,/ockbridge ,indians1 :]e !y   
liv$ = eight ye>s4 ,_! playmates 7      
,indian *ildr5 & y\?4 ,half ! *ildr5 ( !
 family talk$ ! ,indian language z well 
& almo/ z mu* z !y did ! ,engli%        
language4  ,9 ! ye>s ( aspiration ^!    
*ildr5 7 away f all society life &      
educational in/itutions1 9 ! home ( a   
poor mission>y family among ,indians :5 

,indian w>s 7 a reality4 ,:5 ,mr4       
,edw>ds accept$ gratefully ?is mission  
*ur* 8 olde/ *ild1 a daught]1 0         
tw5ty-two1 8 y\nge/ son 0 less ?an a ye>
 old4 ,all ( ! boys & ?ree ( ! girls 7  
"u twelve ye>s ( age :5 !y w5t to !     
,indian village1 & all b "o 7 "u tw5ty4 
,:5 _! mission>y home 0 brok5 up five ( 
!m 7 /ill "u tw5ty1 s t ! *ildr5's      
inh]itance 0 n ( weal?1 ( lit]>y or     
s*ola/ic environm5t1 or ( cultur$ or    
advantage\s society4 ,ev]y?+ t5ds to %[ 
h[ completely ,mr4 ,edw>ds' sons &      
daught]s 7 left to develop & improve _! 
inh]itance ( intellectual1 moral1 &     
religi\s aspiration4  ,9 ^! ye>s ,mr4   
,edw>ds 0 writ+ ! works :i* w make him  
fam\s = c5turies4 ,"o ( ! daught]s m>ri$
 ,rev4 ,a>on ,burr1 ! presid5t (        
,pr9ceton1 !n a v small in/itution4 ,^u 
! dea? ( ?is son-9-law1 ,mr4 ,edw>ds 0  
*os5 to succe$ him1 b :ile at ,pr9ceton1
 be=e he _h fairly ent]$ ^u 8 duties at 
! college1 he di$ ( smallpox4 ,8 wid[$  
daught]1 :o c>$ = him1 di$ a few days   

lat] leav+ two *ildr51 & 8 wid[1 :o came
 = ! gr&*ildr51 soon foll[$ ! husb& &   
daught] to ! bett] l&4  ,mr4 ,edw>ds di$
 at fifty-six1 & 8 wid[ a few weeks     
lat]4 ,bo? di$ away f home1 = ! family 0
 /ill among ! ,/ockbridge ,indians4 ,!  
olde/ son 0 b tw5ty1 & !re 7 five *ildr5
 y\ng] ?an he4 ,! y\nge/ son 0 eight & !
 o!r only ?irte54 ,to make ! picture m  
cle> x mu/ be und]/ood t to ^! six      
orphans1 "u tw5ty-"o1 !re came at ! "t (
 _! fa!r's & "m's dea?s two little      
orphans ag$ f\r & two respectively1     
,s>ah ,burr & h] bro!r ,a>on4 ,"h 0 a   
l>ge family f :i* fa!r & "m1 old] si/] &
 bro!r-9-law _h be5 tak5 almo/ at a s+le
 bl[1 ) two extra orphans to c>e =4  ,& 
) all ?is !re 0 no adequate f9ancial    
inh]itance4 ,! inv5tory ( ,jona?an      
,edw>ds' prop]ty is int]e/+4 ,among !   
live /ock1 :i* includ$ horses & c[s1 0 a
 slave ^u :om a mod]ate value 0 plac$4  
,! slave 0 nam$ ,titus1 & he 0 rat$ "u  
quick /ock & n live /ock1 at a value (  
#aej4 ,! silv] 0 inv5tori$ z a tank>d   

valu$ at #fj1 a c & porr+] at #dg1 &    
v>i\s o!r articles valu$ at #he4 ,! *ief
 mat]ial legacy 0 8 libr>y1 :i* 0       
inv5tori$ z consi/+ ( #cja volumes1 #ecf
 pamphlets1 =ty-eight maps1 ?irty       
unpubli%$ manuscripts & #a1jgd          
manuscript s]mons prep>$ = ! pr9t]4 ,x 0
 valu$ at #dae4  ,if ,jona?an ,edw>ds   
did n leave a l>ge f9ancial legacy1 he  
did imp>t to 8 *ildr5 an intellectual   
capacity & vigor1 moral "*1 & devotion  
to tra9+ :i* h project$ !mselves ?r\gh  
eight g5]ations )\t los+ ! /r5g? & =ce (
 _! great ance/or4 ,( ! ?ree sons &     
eight daught]s ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds !re 0 
n "o1 nor a husb& or wife ( "o1 ^: "* & 
ability1 ^: purpose & a*ievem5t 7 n a   
cr$it to ?is godly man4 ,( ! sev5ty-five
 gr&*ildr51 ) _! husb&s & wives1 !re 0 b
 "o = :om an apology may be (f]$1 &     
ne>ly e "o 0 exceptionally /rong 9      
s*ol>%ip & moral =ce4  ,we h paus$ long 
en\gh on ! ?re%old ( ! desc5dants (     
,jona?an ,edw>ds4 ,we h se5 ! e/imate 9 
:i* he 0 held by 8 contempor>ies at home

 & abroad1 & by close /ud5ts ( ! hi/ory 
( 8 times4 ,we h se5 :at he inh]it$ & by
 :at tra9+ & 9 :at environm5t he 0      
develop$4 ,we h also se5 ! t]rible /ra9 
to :i* 8 *ildr5 7 subject$ 9 *ildhood f 
lack ( s*ool privileges & pleas+ social 
conditions4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :at k9d 
( m5 & wom5 ^! *ildr5 became ) *ildhood 
disadvantages1 b ) a gr& inh]itance & ! 
be/ ( home tra9+4  ,rememb] ! size1     
ages1 & f9ancial condition ( ! family :5
 ! fa!r di$--! sons be+ ag$ eight1      
?irte5 & tw5ty--& !n consid] ! fact t ! 
?ree sons graduat$ f ,pr9ceton1 & five (
 ! daught]s m>ri$ college graduates1    
?ree ( !m ( ,yale & "o ea* ( ,h>v>d &   
,pr9ceton4 ,a man might well be cont5t  
to die )\t l&s or gold :5 eight sons &  
sons-9-laws 7 to be m5 ( su* capacity1  
"*1 & tra9+ z are f\nd 9 ?is family4    
,!y 7 n m]ely college graduates1 b !y 7 
em95t m54 ,"o held ! position ( presid5t
 ( ,pr9ceton & "o ( ,union ,college1 f\r
 7 judges1 two 7 memb]s ( ! ,cont95tal  
,congress1 "o 0 a memb] ( ! gov]nor's   

c\ncil 9 ,massa*usetts1 "o 0 a memb] ( !
 ,massa*usetts w> commission 9 !        
,revolution>y w>1 "o 0 a /ate s5ator1 "o
 0 presid5t ( ! ,connecticut h\se (     
repres5tatives1 ?ree 7 (fic]s 9 !       
,revolution>y w>1 "o 0 a memb] ( ! fam\s
 con/itutional conv5tion out ( :i* !    
,unit$ ,/ates 0 born1 "o 0 an em95t     
div9e & pa/or ( ! hi/oric ,nor? *ur* (  
,new ,hav51 & "o 0 ! fir/ gr& ma/] ( !  
,gr& ,lodge ( ,masons 9 ,connecticut4   
,?is by no means exhau/s ! useful &     
honorable (ficial positions occupi$ by !
 eight sons & sons-9-law ( ,jona?an     
,edw>ds1 & x makes no acc\nt ( _!       
writ+s1 ( not$ trials t !y conduct$1 b x
 gives "s h9t ( ! pace :i* ,mr4 ,edw>ds'
 *ildr5 set = ! succe$+ g5]ations4 ,x   
%\ld be said t ! daught]s 7 e way wor?y 
( di/+ui%$ husb&s1 & x ought also to be 
said t ! wives ( ! sons 7 wor?y ( ^! m5 
9 intellectual =ce & moral qualities4   
,contra/ ?is gr\p ( sixte5 m5 & wom5 ) !
 five sons ( ,max & ! wom5 ) :om !y     
liv$4 ,9 ?is gr\p !re 0 n a /ra9 (      

indu/ry1 virtue1 or s*ol>%ip4 ,!y 7     
lic5ti\s1 ignorant1 pr(ane1 lack+       
ambition to keep !m out ( pov]ty &      
crime4 ,!y drift$ into :atev] x 0 easie/
 to d or to be4 ,midday & midnight1     
heav5 & its opposite1 pres5t no %>p]    
contra/s ?an ! *ildr5 & ! *ildr5-9-law (
 ,jona?an ,edw>ds & ( ,max4  ,! two m5 7
 born 9 rural communities1 !y bo? liv$  
on ! fronti]2 b ! "o 0 born 9 a ,*ri/ian
 home1 0 ! son ( a cl]gyman1 ( a highly 
educat$ man :o took ! highe/ honors     
,h>v>d c\ld give1 0 himself highly      
educat$ 9 home1 s*ool1 & at ,yale       
,college1 always associat$ ) pure-m9d$1 
e>ne/ p]sons1 & devot$ 8 ?\ght &        
activity to b5efit+ mank9d4  ,max 0 !   
opposite ( all ?is4 ,!re is no k ( 8    
*ildhood or ( 8 p>5tage4 ,he 0 n bad1 z 
bad m5 g2 he 0 jolly1 c\ld tell a good  
/ory1 ?\gh !y 7 always (f color1 c\ld   
trap unw>y animals skillfully1 0 a      
fairly good %ot2 b no "o 0 ! bett] =    
any?+ t he ev] said1 ?\ght1 or did4     
,jollity1 %iftlessness1 & lack ( purpose

 9 "o man h giv5 to ! _w a family (     
#a1bjj1 mo/ly paup]s & crim9als2 :ile   
,mr4 ,edw>ds1 :o nev] amus$ any "o1 :o 0
 always *a/e1 e>ne/1 & noble1 has giv5  
to ! _w a family ( m ?an #a1djj ( ! _w's
 noblem51 :o h magnifi$ /r5g? & beauty  
all ov] ! l&1 illu/rat+ gr&ly ^!        
beautiful l9es ( ,l[ell3      ,be noble6
 & ! nobl5ess t lies     ,9 o!r m51     
sleep+1 b nev] dead1     ,w rise 9      
maje/y to meet ?9e own4     ,,*apt] ,v  
,,mrs4 ,,edw>ds ,,& ,,home ,,tra9+      
,mu* ( ! capacity & tal5t1 int5sity & "*
 ( ! m ?an #a1djj ( ! ,edw>ds family is 
due to ,mrs4 ,edw>ds4 ,none ( ! bro!rs  
or si/]s ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds _h families 
) any su* m>vel\s record z 81 & to 8    
wife belongs n a little ( ! cr$it4  ,at 
! age ( tw5ty-f\r ,mr4 ,edw>ds 0 m>ri$  
to ,s>ah ,pi]rpont1 ag$ sev5te54 ,%e _h 
an inh]itance ev5 m ref9$ & vigor\s ?an 
t ( ,mr4 ,edw>ds4 ,%e 0 desc5d$ on h]   
fa!r's side f ! *oice/ ( ! ,pi]rpont    
family ( ,engl& & ,new ,engl&4 ,h] fa!r 
0 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s ( ,new ,hav5 cl]gym51

 "o ( ! pr9cipal f\nd]s1 & a tru/ee &   
lectur] ( ,yale ,college4 ,on h] "m's   
side %e 0 a gr&daught] ( ,rev4 ,?omas   
,hook]1 ( ,h>t=d1 ! fa!r ( !            
,connecticut *ur*es1 & "o ( ! gr& m5 9  
e>ly ,am]ican hi/ory4  ,p]sonally1 %e 0 
s beautiful & s noble-m9d$ t at ! age ( 
?irte5 %e 0 kn[n f> & ne> = h] ,*ri/ian 
"* & exceptional ability4 ,:ile %e 0    
/ill b ?irte5 & ,mr4 ,edw>ds tw5ty1 he  
wrote 9 a purely dis9t]e/$ way ( !      
rem>kable girl3 ,%e is ( a wond]ful     
sweetness1 calmness1 & univ]sal         
b5evol5ce ( m9d4 ,%e w sometimes g ab\t 
f place to place s++ sweetly2 & seems to
 be always full ( joy & pleasure2 & no  
"o kn[s = :at4  ,mr4 ,edw>ds 0 desiri\s 
( be+ m>ri$ :5 he w5t to ,nor?ampton z  
associate pa/or ) 8 gr&fa!r1 ,dr4       
,/odd>d4 ,miss ,pi]rpont 0 only sixte5  
ye>s ( age1 & %e decl9$ to be m>ri$     
until %e 0 sev5te54 ,he insi/$1 b %e    
p]si/$ 9 h] refusal4  ,mrs4 ,edw>ds liv$
 9 h] *ildr54 ,to h] husb& came honor & 
glory 9 8 lifetime1 b to h] came d5ial1 

toil & c>e4 ,at eighte51 ?is "y1        
beautiful1 brilliant wife became a "m1 &
 until %e 0 =ty1 !re 0 nev] a p]iod (   
two ye>s 9 :i* a *ild 0 n born to !m1 & 
no "o ( ! elev5 *ildr5 di$ until aft] ! 
la/ *ild 0 born4 ,x 0 a home ( little   
*ildr54 ,h] husb& _h no c>e = ! h\sehold
 & %e wi%$ him to h none4 ,x 0 h]       
insi/5ce t he %\ld h ?irte5 h\rs ( e    
tw5ty-f\r = 8 /udy4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! 
contribution ( ,mr4 ,edw>ds to !        
inh]itance ( ! family1 !y ow$ ! *>m+    
environm5t ( ! home to _! "m4  ,?is 0 a 
delightful home1 z _m p]sons h te/ifi$  
:o knew x4 ,i saw rec5tly ! di>y ( !    
fam\s ,george ,:itefield1 :]e he wrote t
 he sometimes wond]$ if x 0 n ! ,"l's w 
t he %\ld m>ry1 t he might !reby be m   
useful1 & t if x 0 ! ,"l's w t he %\ld  
m>ry1 he wi%$ to be reconcil$ !reto1 b  
he did hope t ! ,"l w\ld s5d him z a    
wife su* a woman z ,mrs4 ,edw>ds1 :om he
 consid]$ ! mo/ beautiful & noble wife =
 a ,*ri/ian m9i/] t he _h ev] kn[n4 ,if 
!re be a m *>m+ tribute to woman ?an    

?is1 ,i h n se5 x4  ,9 view ( ! "* ( h] 
*ildr5 & _! great success 9 life1 x may 
be int]e/+ to "k h[ %e br\ght up !      
*ildr51 ( :om !re 7 s _m1 & = :i* !     
s*ools did s little4 ,?is is ! te/imony 
( "o :o knew ( h] home life well3 ,%e _h
 an excell5t way ( gov]n+ h] *ildr52 %e 
knew h[ to make !m reg>d & obey h]      
*e]fully4 ,%e seldom puni%$ !m1 & 9     
speak+ to !m us$ g5tle & pleasant words4
 ,:5 %e _h occasion to reprove or       
rebuke1 %e w\ld d x 9 a few words1 )\t  
w>m? & noise1 & ) all calmness &        
g5tl5ess ( m9d4 ,9 h] directions &      
repro(s ( matt]s ( importance1 %e w\ld  
address h]self to ! reason ( h] *ildr51 
t !y might n only "k h] incl9ation & w1 
b at ! same "t be conv9c$ ( !           
reasonabl5ess ( x4 ,%e _h ne$ to speak b
 once & %e 0 obey$2 murmur+ & answ]+    
aga9 7 n kn[n among !m4 ,9 _! mann]s !y 
7 uncommonly respectful to _! p>5ts4 ,:5
 _! p>5ts came into ! room1 !y all rose 
in/9ctively f _! seats & nev] resum$ !m 
until _! p>5ts 7 seat$2 & :5 ei!r p>5t 0

 speak+1 no matt] ) :om !y _h be5       
conv]s+1 !y 7 all imm$iately sil5t4     
,qu>rel+ & cont5tion 7 9 h] family :olly
 unkn[n4 ,%e c>efully obs]v$ ! fir/     
appe>ance ( res5tm5t & ill-w 9 h] "y    
*ildr5 t[>ds any p]son :atev]1 & did n  
connive at x1 b 0 c>eful to %[ h]       
displeasure1 & suppress x to ! utmo/2   
yet n by angry1 wra?ful words4  ,h]     
sy/em ( discipl9e began at a v e>ly age1
 & x 0 h] rule to resi/ ! fir/1 z well z
 e subsequ5t exhibition ( temp] or      
disob$i5ce 9 ! *ild1 h[ev] "y1 until its
 w 0 br\ght into submission to ! w ( !  
p>5ts4  ,x is ne$less to say t all ?is  
add$ mat]ially to ! good inh]itance ( ! 
*ildr54     ,,*apt] ,,vi  ,,capacity1   
,,"* ,,& ,,tra9+   ,9 view ( :at has be5
 le>n$ reg>d+ ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 8       
ance/ors & 8 *ildr51 8 gr&*ildr5 might h
 f\nd "s excuse = presum+ ^u ! capacity 
& "* :i* !y inh]it$4 ,9 _! ve9s 0 !     
blood ( fam\s l9es ( noble m5 & wom52 ! 
blood ( ,edw>ds1 ,/odd>d1 ,pi]rpont1 &  
,hook] 0 ?rill+ 9 _! ?\ght & int5sify+  

_! "*4 ,!y _h inh]it$ capacity & "* at  
_! be/1 b !y did n presume ^u x4 ,if ev]
 inh]itance w\ld ju/ify indiff]5ce to   
tra9+1 x 0 9 ! case ( ! gr&*ildr5 (     
,jona?an ,edw>ds1 b !y 7 f> f indiff]5t 
to _! responsibility4  ,x mu/ be        
und]/ood t ! family ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds  
includes n only 8 desc5dants1 b ! m5 :o 
m>ri$ into ! family & ^: *ildr5 became  
desc5dants ( ,mr4 ,edw>ds4 ,at fir/ ?is 
may n seem ! prop] int]pretation1 b !re 
is no o!r t is legitimate4 ,9 ! case ( !
 ,jukes ,mr4 ,dugdale includes 9 !      
family bo? ! m5 & ! wom5 :o m>ri$ into !
 family1 b 9 ! case ( ,mr4 ,edw>ds !re  
is no call to include ! wom5 :o ?us came
 into ! family1 & x w\ld h magnifi$ !   
/udy ne$lessly4  ,until q rec5tly !re   
has be5 no way to discov] ! /&+ ( m>ri$ 
wom5 9 ,am]ican life except z we "k !   
social1 s*ola/ic1 & pr(essional position
 ( _! husb&s4 ,9 mo/ families a         
son-9-law becomes a repres5tative factor
 ( a family4 ,!re=e1 :5ev] ! ,edw>ds    
family is spok5 ( x includes !          

sons-9-law1 b x does n include !        
daught]s-9-law1 nor does x g beyond     
,jona?an ,edw>ds to include 8 bro!rs &  
si/]s or _! desc5dants4  ,! ,jukes _h no
 inh]it$ capacity or tra9+ ^u :i* !y    
c\ld safely presume4 ,_! only *ance lay 
9 nurs+ e g]m ( hope by means ( indu/ry 
& education1 ?r\gh ! discipl9e ( ! %op1 
! tra9+ ( ! s*ools1 & ! inspiration ( ! 
*ur*4 ,did !y appreciate ?is8 ,f> f x4  
,in/ead ( develop+ capacity by tra9+1 n 
"o ( ! #a1bjj secur$ ev5 a mod]ate      
education1 & only tw5ty ( !m ev] _h a   
trade1 & t5 ( ^! le>n$ x 9 ! /ate       
prison4  ,on ! o!r h&1 al?\gh ! ,edw>ds 
family inh]it$ abundant capacity & "*1 e
 *ild has be5 educat$ f e>ly *ildhood4  
,n all ( ! college memb]s ( ! family h  
be5 discov]$1 & yet among ! m5 alone ,i 
h f\nd #bhe graduates & a surpris+ly    
l>ge numb] ( ^! h supplem5t$ ! college  
c\rse ) po/-graduate or pr(essional     
/udy4 ,j z ! ,jukes h int5sifi$ _!      
deg5]acy by neglect1 ! ,edw>ds family   
has magnifi$ capacity & "* by indu/ry & 

education4  ,among ! #bhe college       
graduates ( ! ,edw>ds family !re are    
?irte5 presid5ts ( colleges & o!r high] 
in/itutions ( le>n+1 sixty-five         
pr(essors ( colleges1 & _m pr9cipals (  
important academies & sem9>ies4         
,=ty-five ,am]ican & =eign colleges &   
univ]sities h ?is family among ! alumni4
 ,f ?is family h come presid5ts = ,yale1
 ,pr9ceton1 ,union1 ,hamilton1 ,amh]/1 !
 ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 ! ,univ]sity ( 
,t5nessee1 ! fam\s ,lit*field 7,conn47  
law s*ool1 ! ,columbia law s*ool1 &     
,&ov] ,!ological ,sem9>y4 ,among ^! are 
su* m5 z ,presid5t ,timo?y ,dwight1     
,yale1 #agid-ahag2 ,!odore ,dwight      
,woolsey1 ,yale1 #ahdf-ga2 ,timo?y      
,dwight1 ,yale1 #ahhf-ig2 ,jona?an      
,edw>ds 7,jr471 ,union1 #agii-ahja2     
,daniel ,c4 ,gilman1 ,johns ,hopk9s2    
,m]rill ,e4 ,gates1 ,amh]/2 & ,edw>ds   
,a4 ,p>k1 ,&ov]4     ,,*apt] ,,vii      
,,a>on ,,burr   ,und\bt$ly "s read]s are
 already impati5t at ! delay 9 deal+ )  
,a>on ,burr4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 x 0 ! fa%ion

 to ref] to ,colonel ,burr z suffici5tly
 infam\s to prove t h]$ity 0 ( no       
appreciable value4 ,z a matt] ( fact x  
is r refre%+ to h "o ^u :om ! imag9ation
 c play4 ,x simply int5sifies ! :ite    
light ( ! re/ ( ! record4  ,colonel     
,burr 0 n a sa9t aft] ! model pres5t$ by
 8 fa!r1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,a>on ,burr1 !    
godly presid5t ( ,pr9ceton2 by 8        
gr&fa!r1 ,jona?an ,edw>ds2 or by at lea/
 #a1cid ( ! o!r memb]s ( ! family ( ,mr4
 ,edw>ds4 ,!re is no purpose to give him
 sa9tly en?ronem5t1 b x may n be amiss  
to sugge/ t ! abuse ( him has be5       
ov]done4  ,colonel ,a>on ,burr di$ at   
eighty aft] ?irty ye>s ( ! wor/ treatm5t
 ev] met$ out to a man aga9/ :om !      
bitt]e/ enemies & ! mo/ brilliant legal 
tal5t c\ld br+ no *>ge t w\ld /& 9 !    
eyes ( ! law4 ,i h no purpose to less5 !
 v]dict ( prejudice1 = ! /udy ( !       
,edw>ds family is all ! m fasc9at+      
because ( "o su* meteor ( error4 ,x mu/ 
be confess$1 h[ev]1 t a /udy ( ! la/    
?irty ye>s ( ,colonel ,burr's life makes

 "o m exasp]at$ ) human nature "u a     
political :ip ?an ) ,colonel ,burr's    
mi/ake4  ,at =ty-n9e ,a>on ,burr 0 "o ( 
! mo/ brilliant1 mo/ admir$1 & belov$ m5
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,= ?irty ye>s 8 _h  
be5 a c>e] ) few ,am]ican p>allels4 ,he 
_h b "o real & int5se enemy1 & t man _h 
hat$ him all ^? ye>s4 ,alex&] ,hamilton 
_h nev] miss$ an opportunity to vilify  
,mr4 ,burr1 & 8 attack _h nev] be5      
res5t$4 ,calmly _h ,a>on ,burr pursu$ 8 
upw>d & onw>d c\rse1 simply smil+ at !  
vitup]ation ( ,hamilton4 ,c\ld ^? two m5
 h agre$1 !y w\ld h be5 ! greate/ lead]s
 any nation ev] _h4 ,_! hatr$ 0 z       
exp5sive z 0 t ( ,bla9e & ,conkl9 9 aft]
 ye>s4  ,e age mu/ h a political        
scapegoat1 "o ^u ^: head is plac$       
symbolically ! s9s ( ! p]iod1 & aft] he 
is s5t into ! wild]ness ( obscurity x   
becomes a social & political crime to   
befri5d him4 ,!re h be5 sev]al su* 9 our
 c\ntry's hi/ory1 & !re w be o!rs4 ,a>on
 ,burr suff]$ m ?an any o!r simply      
because ! glory f :i* he dep>t$ 0       

great]4  ,on ,m>* #b1 #ahje1 ,a>on      
,burr1 vice-presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 
& presid5t ( ! s5ate1 retir$ f ! *air   
two days be=e 8 t]m expir$4 ,he made a  
f>ewell address1 :i* produc$ a great]   
impression ^u t body ?an any o!r words  
ev] spok5 !re4 ,e s5ator 0 weep+1 & = a 
long "t no "o c\ld leave 8 seat or      
propose any bus9ess4 ,x 0 a sight = !   
nation to look ^u & wond]4 ,= f\rte5    
ye>s he _h be5 "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s    
memb]s ( t body4  ,a>on ,burr's ultimate
 ru9 0 wr\ght by 8 colonization exp]im5t
 9 ,l\isiana4 ,9 popul> op9ion1 !re 0   
some?+ traitor\s 9 t unsuccessful v5ture
 ( 84 ,9 #ahje ,mr4 ,burr paid #ej1jjj =
 #djj1jjj acres ( l& :i* _h be5 pur*as$ 
( ,spa9 9 #ahjj1 be=e x pass$ to ,france
 & !n to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahjc4 ,( !  
motive ( ,colonel ,burr we mu/ always be
 ignorant2 t he 0 n guilty ( any crime 9
 connection !re) we are c]ta91 = !      
highe/ tribunal ( ! l& acquitt$ him4    
,presid5t ,jeff]son & ! entire political
 =ce ( ! adm9i/ration 7 b5t ^u 8        

conviction1 b ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 z  
capable1 honorable1 & incorruptible a   
juri/ z ! c\ntry has kn[n1 w\ld n h x s4
 ,un=tunately1 ! brilliant arraignm5t by
 ,william ,wirt 0 pr9t$ & read = half a 
c5tury1 :ile ! calm rul+s ( ,*ief       
,ju/ice ,m>%all nev] w5t beyond ! c\rt  
room4  ,:y did a man ( 8 capabilities1  
^u retirem5t f ! vice-presid5cy1        
attempt1 at fifty ye>s ( age to />t life
 anew "u su* unpromis+ conditions8      
,because he 0 sudd5ly politically &     
pr(essionally ru9$4 ,ru9$ because he _h 
kill$ ,alex&] ,hamilton 9 a duel4 ,:y   
did he d x8 ,x is a long /ory4  ,to make
 x intellig5t1 8 life mu/ be review$4   
,aft] a brilliant milit>y c>e]1 :i*     
began :5 he 0 n9ete5 & left him an h]oic
 colonel1 he /udi$ law & practic$ 9     
,albany4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-eight he 0 a 
lead] 9 ! ,new ,york legislature1 & 0   
*airman ( ! mo/ important committees1   
always ) ! p1 aga9/ ! ari/ocracy--an    
unp>donable mi/ake 9 ^? times4 ,at      
?irty-f\r he 0 attorney-g5]al ( ! /ate1 

& 8 great decisions 7 accept$ by all o!r
 /ates4 ,at ?irty-f\r he e/abli%$ !     
,manhattan bank ( ,new ,york city4 ,he 0
 ! only man ) ! ability or c\rage to f9d
 a way to e/abli% a bank = ! p1 & !     
solidity ( t in/itution = a hundr$ ye>s 
is an all-suffici5t v9dication ( 8 plan4
 ,at ?irty-five he 0 appo9t$ & confirm$ 
z a supreme c\rt judge ( ,new ,york     
/ate1 b he decl9$ ! honor1 & 0 ! same   
ye> elect$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates s5ate4 ,he
 0 re-elect$1 s]v+ 9 all f\rte5 ye>s4   
,at ! second presid5tial election       
,s5ator ,burr receiv$ "o vote 9 !       
electoral college1 at ! ?ird he receiv$ 
?irty1 & 9 ! f\r? receiv$ sev5ty-?ree4  
,jeff]son also receiv$ sev5ty-?ree & !  
election 0 ?r[n into ! h\se4 ,?is 0 9   
#ahjj & ,mr4 ,burr 0 =ty-ye>s ( age4 ,! 
*oice lay ) ,new ,york1 :i* c\ld be     
c>ri$ by no man b ,a>on ,burr4  ,alex&] 
,hamilton 0 ! lead] ( ! ,f$]ali/s4 ,he  
also 0 ( ,new ,york4 ,x 0 a battle ( !  
giants4 ,^! two m5 measur$ swords4 ,!   
presid5cy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 ! prize   

bo? p>ties--! ,f$]ali/s & !             
,democrats--7 seek+4 ,new ,york _h      
always be5 ) ! ,f$]ali/s4 ,9 ?is great  
/ruggle x w5t aga9/ ,hamilton & = ,burr4
 ,?is end$ ! political c>e] ( ,hamilton1
 & w\ld h done s _h he liv$ long]4 ,he 0
 "o ( ,am]ica's greate/ /atesm51 b "o ( 
! poore/ politicians4 ,no "o c\ld get   
along ) him b ,wa%+ton1 & :5 he di$ !   
political end ( ,hamilton came4         
,jeff]son & ,burr ea* receiv$           
sev5ty-?ree votes = presid5t1 & ,adams  
receiv$ sixty-five4 ,new ,york _h twelve
 votes1 s t if %e _h rema9$ ) ! ,f$]ali/
 c&idate ,adams1 he w\ld h won1         
sev5ty-sev5 to sixty-"o4 ,?is defeat    
ang]$ ,hamilton beyond endurance4 ,he & 
,burr _h be5 deadly rivals = ?irty ye>s1
 fir/ = ! love ( woman1 !n = milit>y    
pref]m5t1 & lat] 9 ! political ar5a4 ,:5
 ,burr e/abli%$ ! ,manhattan bank1      
,hamilton's bro!r-9-law1 inspir$ by     
,hamilton1 attack$ ,burr's motive1 ) !  
result ( a duel 9 :i* nei!r 0 h>m$4     
,not)/&+ ,hamilton's greatness1 he 0    

always 9 tr\ble ) m5 & wom54 ,he nev]   
ceas$ 8 abuse ( ,burr1 ^: election z    
s5ator ang]$ him4 ,lat]1 :5 ,burr 0 !   
*oice ( congress z m9i/] to ,p>is1 back$
 especially by ,madison & ,monroe1      
,hamilton succe$$ 9 compass+ 8 defeat4  
,aga91 :5 ,adams _h decid$ ^u "s        
important appo9tm5t = ,burr1 ,hamilton  
succe$$ 9 defeat+ him4 ,?is made ,burr's
 promotion to ! vice-presid5cy & 8 own  
d[nfall ! m exasp]at+ to ,hamilton4     
,f\r ye>s pass$4 ,burr won high honor z 
presid5t ( ! s5ate1 & ! p>ty nom9at$ him
 = gov]nor ( ,new ,york ) practical     
unanimity4 ,?is 0 too mu* = ,hamilton1  
:o _h no?+ to lose by indulg+ 8 enmity  
to ! full4 ,! campaign aga9/ ,burr 0 "o 
( ! base/ on record4 ,x 0 "o (          
vilification4 ,be+ vice-presid5t1 he 0  
at a disadvantage :5 x came to conduct+ 
! campaign1 & he 0 defeat$4  ,!re 7 _m  
features ( ?is campaign t 7 peculi>ly   
annoy+ to ,burr1 & = ! second "t 9 8    
life he resort$ to ! duel1 & ,hamilton 0
 kill$4 ,_h ,burr di$ 9 t h\r1 hi/ory   

w\ld h a diff]5t place = him z well z = 
,hamilton1 b 9 8 dea? ,hamilton 0       
glorifi$4 ,! mo/ prepo/]\s /ories1 su* z
 8 fir+ into ! air1 7 inv5t$ & believ$4 
,! "t & ! conditions 7 z bad z !y c\ld  
be = ,burr4 ,! ,nor? nev] condon$ a duel
 t end$ fatally1 & !n less ?an ev]4 ,i h
 no ^w ( apology to (f] = ! duel4 ,x 0  
weakness1 z x always is1 & f x came all 
! ills t befell ,a>on ,burr4  ,c5sure   
him all y *oose1 & !n look at !         
conditions ( 8 *ildhood & wond] t he    
liv$ to fifty ye>s ( age be=e ! lack (  
e>ly c>e br\ght =? its fruit4 ,a>on     
,burr receiv$ z good an intellectual &  
moral legacy z any "o ( ! #a1djj ( !    
,edw>ds family4 ,8 fa!r & "m1 gr&fa!r & 
gr&mo!r w\ld h giv5 him z good an       
environm5t & tra9+ z any "o ( !m enjoy$1
 b--8 fa!r di$ be=e he 0 two ye>s old1 &
 8 "m1 gr&fa!r1 & gr&mo!r di$ :5 he 0   
two ye>s old1 & he & 8 si/]1 f\r ye>s   
old1 w5t to live ) 8 olde/ uncle1       
,timo?y ,edw>ds1 :o 0 only tw5ty4 ,?is  
uncle 0 also br++ up two y\ng] bro!rs   

ag$ eight & ?irte51 & ?ree "y si/]s4    
,:ile ,timo?y ,edw>ds made an em95tly   
wor?y citiz5 & re>$ a family ( noble    
sons & daught]s1 he 0 n prep>$ at n9ete5
 to support s _m y\ng] *ildr5 & give a  
two-ye>-old boy ! att5tion t he ne$$4   
,at twelve ye>s ( age ,a>on ,burr w5t to
 college1 & aft] ?is "t he nev] _h ev5 !
 apology ( a home1 inde$ he nev] _h a   
home su* z 8 nature dem&$4 ,!re are ?ree
 pictures ( ! *ild :i* satisfy me t ! "r
 tra9+ w\ld h enabl$ ,a>on ,burr to g   
into hi/ory z ! noble/ ,roman ( !m all4 
,at f\r ye>s ( age he 0 at s*ool1 :]e ! 
treatm5t 0 s sev]e t he ran away f s*ool
 & home & c\ld n be f\nd = ?ree days4   
,at sev5 ye>s ( age he 0 up 9 a *]ry    
tree :5 a v prim & disagreeable sp9/]   
came to call1 & he indulg$ 9 ! *ildi%   
luxury ( ?r[+ *]ries at h]4 ,%e s\ght   
,uncle ,timo?y1 :o took ! sev5-ye>-old  
*ild into ! h\se1 gave him a long &     
sev]e lecture1 (f]$ a long pray] ( w>n+1
 & !n lick$ me l a sack4  ,at t5 ye>s ( 
age he ran away f ! sev]ity ( 8 uncle1 &

 w5t to ,new ,york & %ipp$ z cab9 boy4  
,8 uncle foll[$ him1 & :5 ! little fell[
 saw him he w5t to ! top ( ! ma/head &  
refus$ to come d[n until 8 uncle agre$ n
 to puni% him4 ,x is easy to see t 8    
uncle ar\s$ 9 him all ! *>act]i/ics t   
%\ld h be5 calm$1 & gave him none ( t   
c>e :i* fa!r or "m w\ld h provid$ him4  
,at twelve he ent]$ ,pr9ceton1 &        
graduat$ ) honors at sixte54 ,college   
life _h its temptations1 b he conduct$  
himself ) unusual decorum1 & ^u         
graduation w5t to /udy ) an em95t       
cl]gyman4 ,app>5tly he expect$ to ent] !
 m9i/ry1 b ! !ology ( ,dr4 ,bellamy did 
n comm5d itself to him1 & ev5 less did !
 _s ) :i* ! !ologian met 8 qu]ies1 s t =
 ! rema9+ sixty odd ye>s ( life he w\ld 
n talk ab\t !ology4 ,"h 0 a brilliant   
lad1 fre% f college1 ) ! inh]itance (   
,burr & ,edw>ds1 :o might h be5 l$ into 
a glori\s c>e]1 b 0 in/ead repell$1 &   
w5t back to 8 uncle's home1 ) no        
pr(ession & no plan = life1 ) no "o to  
advise him4  ,! battle ( ,bunk] hill    

ar\s$ ,burr to patriotic purpose1 &1    
?\gh b n9ete51 he />t$ = ,cambridge to  
enli/4 ,he 0 /rick5 ) fev]1 h[ev]1 &    
be=e he 0 recov]$ he he>d ( ,arnold's   
propos$ exp$ition to ,quebec1 &1 ?\gh he
 _h bett] be 9 b$1 he took 8 musket &   
walk$ to ,newburyport1 #cj miles1 9     
season to %ip ) ! troops4 ,two m5 7 !re 
ahead ( him await+ 8 arrival )          
in/ructions f 8 uncle to br+ him back to
 ,new ,j]sey4 ,?is 0 too mu* = "y ,burr1
 :o did n recognize ! "r ( 8 uncle to   
int]f]e1 & he express$ 8 m9d s vigor\sly
 z to comm& ! admiration ( ! soldi]s &  
ar\se ! fe>s ( ! two mess5g]s1 :o       
return$ )\t him4 ,?is 0 ! la/ ( 8       
uncle's int]f]5ce4 ,:o t reads ( !      
*ildhood life ( ?is orphan c wond] t he 
lack$ pati5ce "u ! sev]e rev]se (       
political =tune at fifty ye>s ( age8 ,t 
he is ! "o illu/ri\s exception among !  
#a1djj ne$ cause no surprise4           
,,*apt] ,,viii  ,,contra/s   ,x has     
already be5 emphasiz$ t ! ,jukes always 
m+l$ blood ( _! own quality 9 _!        

desc5dants1 & t ! ,edw>ds family has    
inv>iably *os5 blood ( ! same g5]al tone
 & =ce4 ,:o c ?9k = a mom5t t ! ,jukes  
w\ld h rema9$ on s l[ a level if !      
,edw>ds blood _h be5 mix$ ) !irs1 or t !
 ,edw>ds w\ld h reta9$ _! intellectual  
supremacy if !y _h m>ri$ into ! ,jukes4 
,! fact is t 9 #aej ye>s ! ,jukes nev]  
did m+le fir/-class blood ) _! own1 & ! 
,edw>ds family has n 9 #aej ye>s        
deg5]at$ ?r\gh m>riage4  ,x is          
pre-em95tly true t a mighty intellectual
 & moral =ce does pl\gh ! *annel ( its  
?\ght & "* ?r\gh _m g5]ations4 ,x w\ld  
be well = any d\bt] to /udy ! records ( 
?or\ghbr$s 9 ! animal _w4 ,! highe/     
record ev] made = milk & butt] 0 by an  
animal ( no family1 & %e 0 valuable only
 = :at %e c\ld e>n4 ,none ( h] p[] w5t  
to h] (fspr+4 ,%e 0 simply a high-ton$  
freak1 b an animal ) a clean p$igree    
back to "s great prog5itor is valuable  
indep5d5tly ( individual e>n+ qualities4
  ,no m w\ld any "o claim t ! ,jukes    
w\ld n h be5 imm5sely improv$ by        

education & environm5t1 or t ! ,edw>ds  
family c\ld h ma9ta9$ its record )\t    
education1 tra9+1 & environm5t4 ,! facts
 %[ t ! ,jukes fir/1 la/1 & all ! "t    
neglect$ ^! advantages1 & t ! ,edw>ds   
family1 ) all its int]m>ry+1 has nev]   
neglect$ !m4  ,! ,jukes 7 notori\s law  
break]s1 :ile ! ,edw>ds family has      
furni%$ practically no lawbreak]s1 & a  
great array ( m ?an #ajj lawy]s1 ?irty  
judges1 & ! mo/ em95t law pr(essor      
probably 9 ! c\ntry4 ,james ,bryce 9 8  
comm5ts ^u ,am]ica places "o ( ?is      
family at ! head ( legal le>n+ on ?is   
cont95t4 ,?is 0 ,!odore ,william        
,dwight1 ,,ll4,d41 born 9 ,new ,hav51   
,july #ah1 #ahbb2 graduat$ f ,hamilton  
,college1 #ahdj2 pr(essor !re #ahdb-eh4 
,9 #aheh he w5t to ,columbia ,college1  
organiz$ ! law s*ool & 0 its presid5t = 
?irty-?ree ye>s4  ,"s ( ! mo/ em95t     
(ficial city attorneys ( ,philadelphia1 
,new ,york & ,*icago h be5 f\nd 9 ?is   
family4 ,ex-,gov]nor ,hoadley1 ( ,ohio1 
a desc5dant ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 is n[ ! 

head ( p]haps ! lead+ law firm ( ,new   
,york ,city or ( ! c\ntry4 ,:5 "o /udies
 ! legal side ( ! family x seems z ?\gh 
!y 7 in/9ctively & *iefly lawy]s &      
judges4 ,x simply means t :atev] !      
,edw>ds family has done x has done ably 
& nobly4 ,!re is no great] te/ (        
intellectual maje/y ?an t :i* ! practice
 ( law puts ^u a man4 ,:5 ,james ,bryce 
pays 8 gr& tribute to ,dr4 ,!odore ,w4  
,dwight1 presid5t ( ,columbia ,college  
law s*ool1 x signifies m intellectually 
?an to h said t he 0 presid5t ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates4  ,none ( ! ,jukes _h !         
equival5t ( a common s*ool education1   
:ile !re are few ( ! ,edw>ds family t h 
n _h m ?an t4 ,few 7 satisfi$ ) less ?an
 academy or sem9>y if !y did n g to     
college4 ,!re is n a lead+ college 9 !  
c\ntry 9 :i* _! names are n to be f\nd  
record$4 ,!y h n only furni%$ ?irte5    
college presid5ts & a hundr$ & m        
pr(essors1 b !y h f\nd$ _m important    
academies & sem9>ies 9 ,new ,hav5 &     
,brooklyn1 all ?r\gh ! ,new ,engl&      

/ates1 & 9 ! ,middle1 ,we/]n1 & ,s\!rn  
/ates4 ,!y h contribut$ lib]ally to     
college end[m5ts4 ,"o gave a qu>t] ( a  
million z an end[m5t = ,yale4  ,9 ,yale 
alone h be5 m ?an #abj graduates4 ,among
 ^! are ne>ly tw5ty ,dwights1 ne>ly z _m
 ,edw>ds1 sev5 ,woolseys1 eight ,port]s1
 five ,johnsons1 f\r ,+]solls1 & sev]al 
( mo/ ( ! foll[+ names3 ,*ap91 ,w9?rop1 
,%oemak]1 ,hoadley1 ,lewis1 ,ma!rs1     
,reeve1 ,r[l&1 ,c>malt1 ,dev]eaux1      
,we/on1 ,he]mance1 ,:itney1 ,blake1     
,colli]1 ,sc>bor\gh1 ,y>dley1 ,gilman1  
,raymond1 ,wood1 ,morgan1 ,bacon1 ,w>d1 
,foote1 ,cornelius1 ,%ep>ds1 ,bri/$1    
,wick]ham1 ,d\bl$ay1 ,van ,volk5b]g1    
,robb9s1 ,tyl]1 ,mill]1 ,lyman1         
,pi]pont1 & ,*ur*ill1 ! au?or ( ,ri*>d  
,c>vel1 is a rec5t graduate4 ,9 ,amh]/  
at "o "t !re 7 ( ?is family ,presid5t   
,gates & ,pr(essors ,ma!r1 ,tyl]1 &     
,todd4 ,:]ev] f\nd !y are lead]s ev5 9  
college faculties4 ,^? :o "k :at ,gates1
 ,ma!r1 ,tyl]1 & ,todd h /ood = z       
presid5t & pr(essors ( ,amh]/ w         

appreciate :at ,jona?an ,edw>ds' blood  
has done = ?is college4  ,( ! ,jukes1   
#ddj 7 m or less vici\sly diseas$4 ,!   
,edw>ds family 0 heal?y & long liv$4 ,( 
! elev5 *ildr5 ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,edw>ds1  
f\r liv$ to be m ?an sev5ty ye>s (      
age1--sev5ty-?ree1 sev5ty-five1         
sev5ty-sev5 & sev5ty-n9e1--& ?ree o!rs 7
 fifty1 fifty-six1 & sixty-?ree4 ,only  
"o di$ unm>ri$1 none di$ 9 *ildhood4 ,! 
record = heal? & longevity cont9ues     
?r\gh e g5]ation4 ,!y h also done mu* to
 alleviate ! suff]+s ( mank9d4 ,!re h   
be5 sixty physicians1 all m>k$ m54 ,dr4 
,ri*>d ,smi? ,dewey 0 an em95t surgeon 9
 ! ,franco-,prussian w>1 hav+ *>ge ( !  
,prussian hospital at ,hesse ,cassel4   
,dr4 ,s]5o ,edw>ds ,dwight 0 a physician
 & surgeon 9 ! ,briti% regul> army4 ,!  
physicians ( ! family h _h important    
connection ) insane asylums & hospitals4
 ,! legislative action ( ,new ,york1 by 
:i* ! fir/ insane asylum ( ! /ate 0     
built1 0 l>gely ! result ( a physician (
 ?is family4 ,! m$ical sup]9t5d5t ( !   

,ill9ois /ate insane asylum 0 ano!r ( ! 
family4 ,em95t names 9 ! m$ical annals (
 ,san ,francisco1 ,*icago1 ,detroit1    
,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 & o!r cities c be   
trac$ to ,jona?an ,edw>ds4  ,! ,jukes   
neglect$ all religi\s privileges1 defi$ 
& antagoniz$ ! *ur* & all t x /&s =1    
:ile ! ,edw>ds family has m ?an a #ajj  
cl]gym51 mission>ies1 & !ological       
pr(essors1 _m ( ! mo/ em95t 9 ! c\ntry's
 hi/ory4 ,am]ica has _h no m brilliant  
prea*]s & !ologians ?an "s ( ^? t be> ! 
names ( ,edw>ds1 ,dwight1 ,woolsey1     
,p>k1 ,+]soll4 ,!re h be5 no m not$     
mission>ies ?an ?is family has s5t =    
fai?ful & successful "w 9 ,asia ,m9or1  
,india1 ,africa1 ,*9a1 ,hawaii1 & ! ,s\?
 ,sea isl&s4 ,dwight's fam\s five       
volumes on !ology are a product ( a     
wor?y desc5dant ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds4     
,edw>ds ,a4 ,p>k1 ! longtime head (     
,&ov] !ological sem9>y1 ^: vigor (      
?\ght1 ke5ness ( logic1 & pulpit p[] are
 unsurpass$1 0 a desc5dant ( ,mr4       
,edw>ds4 ,! family has furni%$ sev]al   

army *apla9s & "o em95t *apla9 ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates s5ate4 ,!y h made _m      
*ur*es prom95t = ! vigor ( _! pulpit    
utt]ances4 ,! fam\s ,second *ur*1       
,portl&1 ,p>k /reet *ur* ( ,bo/on1 & _m 
9 ,new ,hav5 & o!r ,connecticut cities &
 t[ns z well z _m *ur*es 9 ! ,middle &  
,we/]n ,/ates owe mu* to ! desc5dants ( 
,mr4 ,edw>ds4  ,n "o ( ! ,jukes 0 ev]   
elect$ to a public (fice1 :ile m ?an    
eighty ( ! family ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds h  
be5 especially honor$4 ,legislatures 9  
all sections ( ! c\ntry1 gov]nor's      
c\ncils1 /ate treasuries1 & o!r elective
 (fices h be5 fill$ by ^! m54 ,!y h be5 
mayors ( ,new ,hav51 ,clevel&1 & ,troy2 
gov]nors ( ,connecticut1 ,ohio1 & ,s\?  
,c>ol9a2 !y h be5 prom95t 9 ! ,cont95tal
 congress1 9 ! con/itutional conv5tions 
( ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new     
,york1 ,ohio1 ,ill9ois1 & ,wiscons94 ,!y
 h repres5t$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates at sev]al  
=eign c\rts2 sev]al h be5 memb]s (      
congress2 ?ree h be5 ,unit$ ,/ates      
s5ators1 & "o vice-presid5t ( ! ,unit$  

,/ates4  ,! ,jukes lack$ ! physical &   
moral c\rage1 z well z ! patriotic      
purpose1 to enli/1 b !re 7 sev5ty-five  
(fic]s 9 ! army & navy f ! family ( ,mr4
 ,edw>ds4 ,?is family has be5 prom95t z 
(fic]s1 *apla9s1 or surgeons1 9 ! army &
 navy 9 ! ?ree great w>s4 ,9 ! ,civil w>
 !y 7 at ,%iloh1 ,new ,orleans1 & ) !   
,r$ riv] exp$ition1 at ,=t ,fi%] &      
,newb]n1 at ,big ,be!l1 ,antietam1 &    
,gettysburg1 on ,look\t m\nta9 ) ,hook]1
 ) ,%]idan 9 ! ,%5&oah1 & 7 on ! m>* to 
! sea ) ,%]man4  ,"o sp9/] ( ! family   
resid+ 9 ,detroit express$ mu* regret t 
%e _h no husb&4 ,! reason %e gave1      
h[ev]1 0 highly complim5t>y to ! /]n]   
sex1--because %e _h no husb& to s5d to !
 ,civil w>4 ,hav+ none1 %e paid !       
regulation b\nty & _h a man 9 ! s]vice (
 h] c\ntry = ?ree ye>s 9 lieu ( ! husb& 
%e w\ld h s5t if %e _h _h "o4  ,! ,jukes
 7 z f> remov$ z possible f lit]ature4  
,!y n only nev] creat$ any1 b !y nev]   
read any?+ t c\ld by any /ret* ( !      
imag9ation be /yl$ good read+4 ,9 !     

,edw>ds family "s sixty h atta9$        
prom95ce 9 au?or%ip or editorial life4  
,ri*>d ,c>vel1 is by ,mr4 ,w9/on        
,*ur*ill1 a desc5dant ( ,mr4 ,edw>ds1 & 
,i h f\nd #ace books ( m]it writt5 by ! 
family4 ,eighte5 consid]able j\rnals &  
p]iodicals h be5 edit$ & sev]al         
important ones f\nd$ by ! ,edw>ds       
family4  ,! ,jukes did n w&] f> f !     
haunts ( ,max4 ,!y /agnat$ l !          
motionless pool1 :ile ! ,edw>ds family  
is a prom95t factor 9 ! m]cantile1      
indu/rial1 & pr(essional life (         
?irty-?ree /ates ( ! union & 9 sev]al   
=eign c\ntries1 9 n9ety-two ,am]ican &  
_m =eign cities4 ,!y h be5 pre-em95tly  
directors ( m54 ,! ,pacific /eam%ip l9e 
& fifte5 ,am]ican railway sy/ems h _h z 
presid5t1 sup]9t5d5t1 or o!rwise active 
9 ! managem5t "o ( ?is family4 ,_m l>ge 
banks1 bank+ h\ses1 & insurance         
companies h be5 direct$ by !m4 ,!y h be5
 own]s or sup]9t5d5ts ( l>ge coal m9es 9
 ,p5nsylvania & ,we/ ,virg9ia1 ( l>ge   
iron plants & va/ oil int]e/s 9         

,p5nsylvania1 & ( silv] m9es 9 ,nevada4 
,!re is sc>cely any great ,am]ican      
indu/ry t has n _h "o ( ?is family among
 its *ief promot]s4 ,eli ,:itney (      
cotton-g9 fame m>ri$ a gr&daught] (     
,jona?an ,edw>ds4  ,prison re=m has f\nd
 its lead+ advocates 9 ?is family4      
,wilb]=ce's be/ ,am]ican fri5d 0 ( ?is  
fold1 & ,g>ibaldi valu$ "o ( ! family   
above all o!r ,am]ican support]s4       
,:atev] ! ,jukes /& =1 ! ,edw>ds family 
does n4 ,:atev] weakness ! ,jukes       
repres5t f9ds its antidote 9 ! ,edw>ds  
family1 :i* has co/ ! c\ntry no?+ 9     
paup]ism1 9 crime1 9 hospital or asylum 
s]vice4 ,on ! contr>y1 x repres5ts !    
highe/ usefulness 9 inv5tion1           
manufacture1 comm]ce1 f\nd+ ( asylums & 
hospitals1 e/abli%+ & develop+ missions1
 project+ & en]giz+ ! be/ philan?ropies4
     ,,*apt] ,,ix  ,,timo?y ,,edw>ds    
,to make m cle>1 if possible1 ! p]si/5ce
 ( intellectual activity & moral virtue1
 let u /udy samples ( ! family4 ,take = 
in/ance ! elde/ son1 ,timo?y4 ,he 0 a   

memb] ( & lead] 9 ! fam\s ,massa*usetts 
c\ncil ( w> 9 ! ,revolution1 a colonel 9
 ! militia1 & a judge4 ,8 desc5dants h  
be5 lead]s 9 ,b+hamton1 ,pittsburg1     
,indianapolis1 ,bangor1 ,/4 ,l\is1      
,nor?ampton1 ,new ,b$=d1 ,san           
,francisco1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,hav51 & _m
 o!r cities & t[ns 9 ,new ,engl&1 ,new  
,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 &   
,ohio4 ,f 8 desc5dants a ,connecticut   
t[n1 ,*apl91 is nam$2 ,new>k1 ,ohio1 _h 
a long-"t pr9cipal1 ,jona?an ,e4 ,*apl92
 ,&ov] ,!ological ,sem9>y _h "o ( its   
mo/ fam\s treasur]s1 ,samuel ,f>r>2 !   
,am]ican bo>d ( missions _h "o ( its    
gr&e/ lead]s & secret>ies1 ,dr4 ,elias  
,cornelius2 ! ,am]ican ,bapti/          
,mission>y ,union _h "o ( its em95t     
secret>ies1 ,dr4 ,solomon ,peck2 !      
,am]ican ,mission>y ,association _h z   
its great treasur]1 ,w4,e4 ,:it+2 !     
fam\s "y ladies' sem9>y ( ,l5ox1 ,mass41
 _h = ?irty ye>s its great pr9cipal1    
,elizabe? ,s$gwick2 ,bo/on _h a prom95t 
lawy]1 a graduate ( ,h>v>d1 ,william    

,m9ot2 ,/4 ,l\is _h a lead+ lawy]1      
,william ,d4 ,s$gwick2 ,antietam _h 9 ! 
li/ ( kill$ ! gallant ,major ,s$gwick2  
,san ,francisco record$ among h]        
di/+ui%$ sons ! long-"t sup]9t5d5t ( !  
,pacific mail /eam%ip company2 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates navy c\nt$ z "o ( h] able (fic]s 
a surgeon1 ,dr4 ,george ,hopk9s2 ,amh]/ 
_h z h] mo/ fam\s in/ructor ,pr(essor   
,w4,s4 ,tyl]1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 at !    
head ( ! ,greek dep>tm5t = half a       
c5tury2 %e also has ! pres5t brilliant  
pr(essor ( biology1 ,john ,m4 ,tyl]2    
,%]idan _h z a brilliant colonel 9 ! gr&
 ride ( ! ,%5&oah ,colonel ,m4,w4 ,tyl]2
 inv5tion claims ! discov]] ( ! ,turb9e 
:eel1 ,w4,w4 ,tyl]2 ,knox ,college has  
claim$ z a lead] at "o "t1 z has ,smi?  
at ano!r1 ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,h4 ,tyl]4  ,a
 detail$ /udy ( ! family ( ! elde/ son  
is sugge/ive4 ,he 0 ! six? *ild1 born 9 
,nor?ampton1 #agch1 :5 ! fa!r 0         
?irty-five & ! "m tw5ty-eight4 ,he 0 b  
tw5ty ye>s old :5 ! fa!r & "m di$ & !   
c>e ( ! family devolv$ ^u him4 ,he _h   

graduat$ f ,pr9ceton ! previ\s ye> b !  
responsibility ( a l>ge family prev5t$ 8
 ent]+ ^u pr(essional life4 ,two ye>s   
aft] ! dea? ( 8 fa!r he m>ri$ & remov$  
to ,elizabe?t[n1 ,n4,j41 :]e he resid$ =
 t5 ye>s4 ,9 #aggj he return$ to        
,/ockbridge1 ,mass4 ,b]k%ire c\nty 0    
/ill on ! fronti] & 0 sp>sely settl$4 ,!
 /ore :i* ,mr4 ,edw>ds op5$ 9 #aggj 0 ! 
fir/ 9 ! c\nty4 ,! settl]s rais$ :eat on
 ! newly cle>$ l&4 ,?is ,mr4 ,edw>ds    
b\ght & s5t to ,new ,york1 br++ back    
goods 9 return4 ,9 five ye>s he became !
 mo/ prosp]\s man 9 ! c\nty1 buy+ &     
cle>+ a v l>ge f>m on :i* he employ$ z  
_m z fifty m5 9 ! busy season4  ,!      
outbreak ( ! ,revolution>y /ruggle 0 a  
mo/ inopportune "t = ,timo?y ,edw>ds2 b 
= t he w\ld h become "o ( ! weal?ie/ m5 
( 8 day4 ,all bus9ess 0 susp5d$ & he    
gave himself to 8 c\ntry's cause )      
int5se devotion4 ,he 0 at once appo9t$  
on a commission ) ,g5]al ,s*uyl] to     
treat ) ! ,indians2 0 appo9t$ commiss>y 
to look aft] ! supply ( ! army )        

provisions4 ,f #aggg to #aghj he 0 a    
lead] 9 ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts2 
0 elect$ to ! ,cont95tal ,congress )    
,john ,hancock & ,john ,adams2 0 a      
colonel 9 ! ,massa*usetts militia & a   
judge ( probate4 ,:5 ! w> broke out     
,timo?y ,edw>ds 0 wor? #bj1jjj1 :i* he  
_h accumulat$ 9 addition to all 8 o!r   
burd5s4 ,:5 ! w> clos$ he _h no?+1 & 0  
#c1jjj 9 debt to ,new ,york m]*ants4 ,to
 und]/& :at sacrifices he made x mu/ be 
und]/ood t :5 ! gov]nm5t 0 9 great      
/raits he took #e1jjj ( money t 0 z good
 z gold & let ! gov]nm5t h x1 tak+ 9    
return money t 0 ( slight value4 ,he    
also took fifty tons ( fl\r to          
,spr+field & let ! gov]nm5t h x = pap]  
money at p>4 ,!re 7 no great] h]oes 9 ! 
,revolution>y w> ?an su* m5 z ,timo?y   
,edw>ds4 ,he 0 ne>ly fifty ye>s old :5 !
 w> clos$ & he f\nd himself ! fa!r (    
?irte5 *ildr5 & )\t prop]ty or bus9ess4 
,full ( c\rage & ent]prise he succe$$ 9 
support+ 8 family 9 com=t & 9 rega9+ a  
sub/antial prop]ty be=e 8 dea?1 :i*     

occurr$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! next w>1 ,octob]   
#bg1 #ahac4  ,x 0 n an easy ?+ to       
educate *ildr5 9 ^? times4 ,:5 !        
,revolution>y w> broke out 8 olde/ *ild 
0 b ?irte51 & :5 x end$ he _h t5 *ildr5 
"u tw5ty-"o4 ,!re 7 only ?ree books 9 ! 
s*ools at ,/ockbridge dur+ ! w>1        
,dilwor?'s ,spell+ ,book & ,ari?metic & 
! ,book ( ,psalms4 ,f ^! ! *ildr5 (     
,timo?y ,edw>ds receiv$ _! education & t
 x 0 a good tra9+ subsequ5t ev5ts %[4   
,! fir/ born1 a daught]1 m>ri$ ,b5jam9  
,*apl91 ,jr41 a graduate ( ,yale        
7#aggh71 & = h] second husb& ,capt4 ,dan
 ,tyl]1 ( ,brookl9e1 ,ct41 a graduate ( 
,h>v>d4 ,h] second *ild1 ,edw>d1 became 
,regi/] ( ,probate4 ,jona?an1 ! second  
born1 _h sev]al *ildr5 :o became prom95t
 9 pr(essional & bus9ess life4 ,phoebe  
m>ri$ ,rev4 ,asahel ,hook]1 an em95t    
graduate ( ,yale1 & = h] second husb&   
,rev4 ,samuel ,f>r]1 a graduate (       
,h>v>d1 & = _m ye>s treasur] & f9ancial 
ag5t ( ,&ov] ,!ological ,sem9>y4 ,h]    
*ildr5 7 not$ m5 & wom51 graduates (    

,yale & ,d>tm\?1 cl]gym51 !ological     
pr(essors1 secret>y ( ! ,am]ican ,bo>d (
 ,=eign ,missions1 & secret>y ,am]ican  
,bapti/ ,mission>y ,union1 prom95t      
tea*]s & au?ors4  ,rhoda ,edw>ds1 ano!r 
( ,timo?y's daught]s1 m>ri$ ,col4       
,josiah ,dwight1 ( ,spr+field4 ,among _!
 fifte5 *ildr5 & _! desc5dants are !    
f\nd] ( a fam\s "y ladies' s*ool at     
,l5ox2 an au?or ( ,spani% ,conque/ (    
,am]ica1 & five o!r consid]able works2  
cl]k ( supreme c\rt ( ,massa*usetts2 a  
,bo/on lawy]1 graduate ( ,h>v>d2 an     
em95t l+ui/ & graduate ( ,h>v>d2 music  
tea*] 9 ,new ,york ,city1 educat$ 9     
,g]many2 ,/4 ,l\is lawy]1 graduate (    
,h>v>d college & law s*ool1 :o /udi$ 9  
,g]many2 major 9 ,civil w>1 w\nd$ at    
,antietam2 hospital nurse 9 ,civil w>2  
graduate ( ,yale2 graduate ( ,cambridge1
 ,eng41 & au?or ( ,five ,ye>s 9 an      
,engli% ,univ]sity2 a graduate ( ,amh]/ 
& ,&ov]1 & mission>y 9 ,s\!rn ,india2   
lawy] 9 ,spr+field2 em95t tea*] at      
,nor?ampton2 lead+ physician at         

,nor?ampton2 lead+ physician at ,new    
,b$=d2 supt4 ,pacific ,mail ,/eam%ip    
,company2 m]*ant 9 ,new ,york2 insurance
 manag]1 ,new ,york2 au?or ( ,greece &  
,roman ,my?ology1 & five o!r important  
works2 supt4 ,c9c9nati1 ,hamilton       
,dayton ,r4,r42 a ,new ,york lawy] &    
graduate ( ,yale2 au?or ( ,hi/ory (     
,virg9ia1 & two o!r works2 graduate     
,d>tm\? & ,&ov]2 assi/ant surgeon ,u4,s4
 ,navy2 & an (fic] 9 ,civil w>1 :o f\ght
 9 ?irty battles4  ,m>y ,edw>ds1 ano!r  
daught] ( ,timo?y1 m>ri$ ,mason ,:it+1  
,di/rict ,attorney ( ,new ,york1 & memb]
 ( ,new ,york ,legislature4 ,9 ?is      
family ( eight *ildr5 & _! desc5dants   
are an au?oress2 a colonel 9 ,civil w>2 
treasur] ,am]ican ,mission>y            
,association2 ,rev4 ,w4,s4 ,tyl]1       
,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 a graduate ( ,amh]/ & 
,&ov]1 pr(essor ( ,greek = fifty ye>s at
 ,amh]/2 ,col4 ,mason ,:it+ ,tyl]1      
graduate ( ,amh]/1 gallant soldi] 9     
,civil w>2 ,wm4 ,w4 ,tyl]1 graduate (   
,amh]/1 manufactur] ( fam\s ,turb9e     

,wat] ,:eels2 ,h5ry ,ma!r ,tyl]1        
graduate ( ,amh]/1 pr(essor ( ,greek at 
,knox ,college1 pa/or at ,galesburg1    
,fit*burg & ,worce/]1 & pr(essor (      
,greek at ,smi? ,college2 ,john ,mason  
,tyl]1 graduate ( ,amh]/ & ,union       
,!ological ,sem9>y1 /udi$ at ,go!nburg &
 ,leipsic1 pr(essor ( ,biology at ,amh]/
 & em95t lectur]4  ,to ,william ,edw>ds1
 ano!r son ( ,timo?y1 olde/ son (       
,jona?an ,edw>ds1 an entire *apt] w be  
giv54     ,,*apt] ,x  ,,colonel         
,,william ,,edw>ds   ,fasc9at+ is ! /ory
 ( ,colonel ,william ,edw>ds1 gr&son (  
,jona?an ,edw>ds1 ! inv5tor ( ! process 
( tann+ by :i* ! lea!r indu/ry ( ! _w 0 
revolutioniz$4 ,9 no respect did !      
intellectual & moral inh]itance %[      
itself m cle>ly ?an 9 ! recup]ative =ce 
( ! family ( ,colonel ,edw>ds4          
,att5tion has already be5 call$ to !    
rem>kable way 9 :i* ! fa!r1 ,timo?y     
,edw>ds1 re-e/abli%$ himself & educat$ 8
 l>ge family aft] 8 great f9ancial      
rev]ses 9 ! p]iod ( ! ,revolution>y w>1 

b ! /ory ( ,colonel ,william ,edw>ds is 
ev5 a m /rik+ illu/ration ( ?is same    
p[]4 ,he 0 born at ,elizabe?1 ,new      
,j]sey1 ,novemb] #aa1 #aggj4 ,he 0 a m]e
 *ild dur+ ! ,revolution>y /ruggle4     
,be=e he 0 two ye>s old ! fa!r remov$ to
 ,/ockbridge1 ,mass41 & ! boy grew up 9 
z ?or\ghly a rural community z c\ld be  
f\nd4 ,! s*ool privileges 7 v meagre4   
,no books 7 pr9t$ 9 ! ,am]ican colonies 
because ( ,briti% prohibition4 ,f e>ly  
*ildhood he _h to "w1 fir/ z 8 "m's     
assi/ant1 t5d+ ! *ildr5 & do+ all k9ds (
 h\sehold "w su* z a h&y boy c d4 ,z    
soon z he c\ld sit on a horse he rode = 
light pl\gh+ & by ! "t he 0 t5 0 driv+  
ox5 = heavy pl\gh+ & team+4  ,william   
,edw>ds 0 only ?irte5 :5 he 0 put out z 
an appr5tice to a tann] 9 ,elizabe?t[n1 
,n4,j4 ,to rea* ?is place ! lad _h to   
ride horseback to ! ,hudson riv]1 ab\t  
?irty miles1 make arrangem5ts to h !    
horse tak5 back1 & take passage on a    
,we/ ,indies cattle brig to ,new ,york4 
,x took him a week to get to ,new ,york4

 ,he !n took ! f]ry = ,elizabe?t[n4  ,:5
 "y ,edw>ds began life z a tann] x took 
twelve mon?s = ! tann+ ( hides4 ,?is 0  
by f> ! mo/ ext5sive tann]y 9 ,am]ica4  
,x _h a capacity ( #a1ejj sides4 ,! only
 improvem5t !n kn[n--#aghd--0 ! use ( a 
wood5 plug 9 ! lime vats & wat] pools to
 let (f ! cont5ts into ! brook4 ,! b>k 0
 gr\nd by horse p[]4 ,!re 0 a curb      
fifte5 feet 9 diamet]1 made ( ?ree-in*  
plank1 ) a rim fifte5 in*es high4 ,)9   
?is 0 a /one :eel ) _m holl[s & ! wood5 
:eel ) long pegs4 ,two horses turn$ ^!  
:eels :i* w\ld gr9d half a cord ( b>k 9 
a day ( twelve h\rs4 ,! fir/ ye>        
,william 0 at "w gr9d+ b>k4 ,all ! pay  
receiv$ = ! ye>'s "w 0 ! k ga9$ ( ! art 
( gr9d+ b>k1 v poor bo>d 7no clo?+1 no  
money71 & ! privilege ( tann+ = himself 
?ree %eep sk9s4 ,! f\r? half ye> he     
receiv$ 8 fir/ money1 #b4ej a mon?1 :i* 
0 paid out ( fri5dl9ess = ! ,edw>ds     
family4  ,be=e he 0 tw5ty he set up 9   
bus9ess = himself4 ,he _h sav$ #ajj2 8  
fa!r1 /ill poor1 gave him #cjj2 he b\ght

 l& = 8 plant = #gjj on long cr$it4     
,aft] ye>s ( great /ruggle he succe$$ 9 
bus9ess & develop$ ! process by :i*     
in/ead ( employ+ "o h& = e "o hundr$    
sides he c\ld tan #dj1jjj ) tw5ty lads &
 ! co/ 0 r$uc$ f twelve c5ts a p\nd to  
f\r c5ts4 ,! quality 0 improv$ ev5 m ?an
 ! co/ 0 r$uc$4 ,:5 ! w> ( #ahab broke  
out he _h practically ! only important  
tann]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b ! w> sc>e & 
att5dant evils l$ to 8 failure 9 #ahae4 
,he 0 n[ #de ye>s old ) a wife & n9e    
*ildr54 ,he w5t to "w 9 a factory = day 
wages to keep 8 family suppli$ ) !      
necessities ( life4 ,by "s misund]/&+ & 
a comb9ation ( law suits 8 pat5ts 7 lo/ 
to him4  ,:5 ,colonel ,edw>ds fail$ 9   
#ahae he ow$ consid]able sums ( money & 
n9e ye>s lat] ! c\rts releas$ him f all 
obligations1 yet betwe5 ! age ( #fi &   
#ge he paid e c5t ( ?is indebt$ness     
am\nt+ to #be1ibd4  ,! *ief int]e/ 9    
,colonel ,edw>ds c5t]s 9 8 *ildr54 ,:5 8
 failure came !re 7 n9e *ildr51 five    
boys & f\r girls4 ,! y\nge/ 0 a few     

mon?s old & ! elde/ #ai4 ,sev5 ( !m 7 "u
 #ab ye>s ( age4 ,9 ! fir/ f\r ye>s ( _!
 rev]ses two o!rs 7 born1 s t 8 l>ge    
family _h _! prep>ation & />t 9 life 9 !
 ye>s ( /ruggle4 ,nev]!less !y took _!  
places among ! prosp]\s memb]s ( !      
,edw>ds family4 ,! elde/ son1 ,william  
,w4 ,edw>ds1 0 "o ( ! em95tly successful
 m5 ( ,new ,york4 ,he liv$ to be #hj    
ye>s old & 8 life 0 fully occupi$ ) good
 "w4 ,he 0 engag$ 9 ! /raw goods bus9ess
 9 ,new ,york2 help$ to develop !       
insurance bus9ess to l>ge proportions2  
organiz$ ! ,dime ,sav+s ,bank (         
,brooklyn1 ( :i* he 0 treasur] & ca%i]4 
,he 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,am]ican ,tract 
,society & ( ! ,new ,york ,m]cantile    
,libr>y4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! ,/ate        
legislature = sev]al t]ms4  ,h5ry       
,edw>ds 0 "o ( ,bo/on's mo/ em95t       
m]*ants & a mo/ useful man4 ,he _h !    
only /rictly :olesale silk h\se 9 ,bo/on
 = ne>ly half a c5tury4 ,he 0 born 9    
,nor?ampton1 #agih4 ,at ! age ( fifte5  
he ent]$ ! employ ( a prom95t ,bo/on    

import+ h\se & began by op5+ ! /ore1    
build+ ! fires1 & c>ry+ out goods4 ,by !
 "t he 0 tw5ty he 0 ! mo/ tru/$         
employee4 ,he 0 a born trad]4 ,8 bro!r 9
 ,new ,york kn[+ t twi/ buttons 7 sc>ce 
9 t city sugge/$ t ,h5ry buy up all !re 
7 9 ,bo/on be=e ! deal]s discov]$ ! fact
 t !y 7 sc>ce 9 ,new ,york & s5d !m on  
to him4 ,!y cle>$ #ejj 9 a few weeks4   
,he 0 an e>ne/ /ud5t4 ,n hav+ _h !      
advantages ( an education he made up = x
 by /udy+ ev5+s4 ,!y import$ _! silks f 
,france :i* l$ him to /udy ,fr5* until  
he 0 accompli%$ 9 ! art ( read+ & speak+
 ! ,fr5* language4 ,x is r rem>kable t  
le>n+ ! language 9 ?is way1 he 0 able to
 g to ,france & out-rank mo/ =eign]s 9  
,p>isian society4 ,an ,edw>ds did n     
absolutely ne$ ! college & ! univ]sity 9
 ord] to be em95tly s*ol>ly 9 any       
special l9e4  ,at ! age ( tw5ty-five he 
w5t into bus9ess z ! s5ior p>tn] ( !    
h\se ( ,edw>ds  ,/odd>d on ,/ate /reet1 
,bo/on4 ,x 0 ! only h\se t made its :ole
 bus9ess ! import+ ( silks4 ,at ! age ( 

tw5ty-eight he w5t to ,p>is to pur*ase  
silks & rema9$ !re _m ye>s4 ,!y did a   
highly pr(itable bus9ess = ne>ly fifty  
ye>s4 ,he receiv$ mu* social att5tion   
:ile 9 ,p>is4 ,g5]al ,lafayette 0       
specially fri5dly1 & ! families visit$  
frequ5tly4 ,he 0 also highly honor$ 9   
,bo/on1 :]e he 0 a memb] ( ! city       
gov]nm5t--x 0 an honor 9 ^? days--= n9e 
ye>s1 "o ( ! tru/ees ( ,amh]/ ,college =
 =ty ye>s1 a memb] ( ! ,massa*usetts    
legislature & receiv$ sev]al important  
appo9tm5ts ( tru/ & honor f ,gov]nor    
,john ,a4 ,&rew & ,presid5t ,l9coln4    
,bo/on _h few m5 9 8 day :o 7 m prosp]\s
 or m highly honor$4  ,ogd5 ,e4 ,edw>ds 
0 = sev]al ye>s at ! head ( "o ( ! l>ge/
 lea!r h\ses ( ,new ,york ,city1 em95tly
 prosp]\s & ( great s]vice to ! public4 
,alfr$ ,edw>ds 0 f\nd] & s5ior p>tn] 9  
"o ( ! l>ge/ :olesale dry goods h\ses ( 
,new ,york = fifty ye>s1 kn[n z ,alfr$  
,edw>ds  ,co4 ,amory 0 = _m ye>s a memb]
 ( ! firm ( ,alfr$ ,edw>ds  ,co4 ,he 0  
also ,unit$ ,/ates ,consul at ,bu5os    

,ayres1 & travel$ ext5sively 9 ,s\?     
,am]ica4 ,8 nephew1 ,wm4 ,h4 ,edw>ds1   
wrote ( ^! travels4 ,?is nephew1 resid5t
 at ,coalb\gh1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 is ! au?or
 ( a fam\s "w on ,! ,butt]flies ( ,nor? 
,am]ica1 & also ( an important "w on    
,%aksp] nor ,%akespe>e4 ,ri*>d ,c4      
,edw>ds 0 also a memb] ( ! firm ( ,alfr$
 ,edw>ds  ,co4 & %>$ ! prosp]ity ( !    
h\se ) 8 bro!r4  ,rebecca ,t4 ,edw>ds1 !
 elde/ daught]1 m>ri$ ,b5jam9 ,curtis1 a
 weal?y m]*ant 9 bus9ess 9 ,new ,york & 
,p>is4 ,%e 0 m>ri$ 9 ,p>is & ,g5]al     
,lafayette gave h] away 9 place ( h]    
fa!r4 ,s>ah ,h4 ,edw>ds m>ri$ ,rev4     
,john ,n4 ,lewis1 a successful cl]gyman4
 ,elizabe? ,t4 ,edw>ds m>ri$ ,h5ry      
,r[l&1 an em95tly successful & useful   
citiz5 ( ,new ,york1 ^: *ildr51 l       
himself1 h be5 honor$ 9 _m ways4  ,ann  
,m>ia ,edw>ds m>ri$ ,pr(essor ,edw>ds   
,a4 ,p>k1 ,d4,d41 ! presid5t ( ,&ov]    
,!ological ,sem9>y & ! mo/ em95t        
!ologian ( ! day4 ,_! son1 ,rev4        
,william ,edw>ds ,p>k1 ( ,glov]sville1  

,new ,york1 is a prea*] ( r>e ability4  
,rev4 ,w4,e4 ,p>k has two sons1         
graduates ( ,yale1 "y m5 ( great        
promise4  ,! t5 *ildr5 ( ,colonel       
,edw>ds liv$ to great age1 & ea* ( !    
sons 0 em95tly successful 9 bus9ess1 &  
all 7 highly e/eem$4 ,ea* ( ! daught]s  
m>ri$ m5 em95t 9 comm]cial or           
pr(essional life4 ,none ( !m 7 privileg$
 to receive a lib]al education because (
 ! great f9ancial rev]ses t came to !   
fa!r 9 _! y\?1 b e "o ( !m 0 closely    
id5tifi$ ) educational in/itutions & all
 7 rat$ z s*ol>ly m5 & wom54     ,,*apt]
 ,,xi  ,,! ,,m>y ,,edw>ds ,,dwight      
,,family   ,aft] /udy+ at "s l5g? !     
family ( ! elde/ son ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds1
 x is wor? :ile to /udy ! family ( "o ( 
! daught]s4 ,m>y1 ! f\r? *ild born at   
,nor?ampton 7#agcd71 0 m>ri$ at ! age ( 
#af to ,timo?y ,dwight1 born 9 ,v]mont  
7#agbf7 & graduat$ f ,yale 9 #agdd4  ,x 
is int]e/+ to f9d a daught] ( ,jona?an  
,edw>ds m>ry+ a ,yale graduate1 :o _h   
su* extreme s5sibility to ! beauty &    

sweetness ( always do+ "r1 & su* a love 
( peace1 & reg>d$ ! legal pr(ession z s 
full ( temptations to d wrong1 9 great  
degree & small t he p]si/5tly refus$ to 
/udy law1 ?\gh x _h be5 8 fa!r's great  
desire4 ,! consci5ti\sness ( ,major     
,dwight is well illu/rat$ by ?is        
incid5t4 ,!re 0 a lott]y 9 ! int]e/ (   
,pr9ceton college1 au?oriz$ by !        
legislature ( ,new ,j]sey1 & ,dwight 0  
s5t tw5ty tickets = sale4 ,he return$   
!m1 b ! "t requir$ = ! mail 9 ^? days 0 
s long t !y did n rea* ! de/9ation until
 aft] ! draw+4 ,major ,dwight 0 notifi$ 
t "o ( 8 tw5ty tickets _h drawn #bj1jjj 
& all b "o ticket _h drawn "s prize4    
,major ,dwight paid = ! "o blank ticket 
& w\ld n take a c5t ( ! l>ge prize      
money4 ,?is 0 wor?y a son-9-law ( ,mr4  
,edw>ds1 ! prog5itor ( a family ( mighty
 m54  ,major ,dwight 0 a m]*ant 9       
,nor?ampton1 a selectman1 judge (       
probate = sixte5 ye>s & 0 = sev]al ye>s 
a memb] ( ! legislature4 ,at ! "t ( 8   
dea?1 #aggh1 he 0 possess$ ( #c1jjj     

acres ( valuable l& 9 ,nor?ampton1 & he 
will$ 8 wife #g1jej1 & ea* ( 8 ?irte5   
*ildr5 #a1afe4 ,at t "t !re 7 b five    
pa9t$ h\ses 9 ,nor?ampton & b two 7     
c>pet$4 ,( ! f\rte5 *ildr51 ?irte5 grew 
up1 & twelve 7 m>ri$2 & _! entire family
 adds greatly to ! glory ( ! family (   
,jona?an ,edw>ds4 ,! olde/ son1 ,dr4    
,timo?y ,dwight1 presid5t ( ,yale1 said 
) mu* t5d]ness & =ce1 ,all t ,i am & all
 t ,i %all be1 ,i owe to my "m4 ,%e 0 a 
woman ( rem>kable w p[] & intellectual  
vigor4 ,%e 0 b sev5te5 :5 h] fir/ *ild 0
 born & 0 ! "m ( f\rte5 *ildr5 at       
=ty-two4  ,! fir/-born1 ,presid5t       
,timo?y ,dwight1 ,s4,t4,d41 ,,ll4,d41   
born #ageb1 0 "o ( ! mo/ em95t (        
,am]icans4 ,he le>n$ 8 alphabet at a    
s+le sitt+ :ile a m]e *ild1 & at f\r    
knew ! cate*ism by he>t4 ,he graduat$ f 
,yale at sev5te52 taught ! ,hopk9s s*ool
 9 ,new ,hav5 at sev5te5 & eighte52 0   
tutor 9 ,yale f n9ete5 to tw5ty-five    
ye>s ( age2 wrote ! ,conque/ ( ,canada1 
:i* 0 repr9t$ 9 ,london1 at n9ete54 ,?is

 "w 0 d$icat$ to ,george ,wa%+ton by    
p]mission4 ,at tw5ty-?ree1 he 0 9 ! =e  
front ( ! advocates ( indep5d5ce4 ,at   
tw5ty-two1 ,g5]al ,wa%+ton appo9t$ him a
 *apla9 9 ! army1 & p]sonally reque/$ t 
he accept4 ,8 wid[ receiv$ #cej a ye>   
p5sion because ( ?is s]vice4 ,he 0 a    
memb] ( ! ,massa*usetts legislature &   
secur$ an important grant to ,h>v>d     
univ]sity4 ,he 0 (f]$ a pr(essor%ip at  
,h>v>d & c\ld h gone to ,congress )\t   
opposition1 b he decl9$ bo?1 & at       
?irty-two accept$ a c\ntry pa/orate at  
,gre5field ,hill1 ,connecticut4 ,he     
rema9$ !re tw5ty-two ye>s4 ,8 sal>y 0   
#gej4 ,he also _h a gift ( #a1ejj =     
accept+ ! call1 a p>i% lot ( six acres1 
& tw5ty cords ( wood annually4 ,?is 0   
said to be ! l>ge/ m9i/]ial sal>y 9 ,new
 ,engl&4 ,at =ty-?ree he 0 call$ f !    
c\ntry p>i% to ! presid5cy ( ,yale4 ,8  
sal>y z presid5t 0 #ccd4 ,lat] he _h    
#ejj1 f :i* he paid #aej = two amanu5ses
 :i* he requir$ because 8 sight _h fail$
 him4 ,he publi%$ f\rte5 important      

works4 ,he 0 l>gely in/rum5tal 9        
organiz+ ! ,am]ican ,bo>d (             
,commission]s ( ,=eign ,missions2 !     
,am]ican ,mission>y ,society & !        
,am]ican ,bible ,society4 ,to him is    
l>gely due ! e/abli%m5t ( !ological     
sem9>ies 9 ! c\ntry4 ,= =ty-six ye>s he 
taught e ye> ei!r 9 a public or private 
s*ool or college1 & all b "o ye> ( t "t 
he prea*$ e week & almo/ inv>iably he   
prep>$ a new s]mon4 ,:5 he di$1 f a     
canc] at sixty-five1 ! *ildr5 insi/$ t !
 e/ate %\ld be = ! "m dur+ h] lifetime1 
& :5 %e di$ !re 0 f\nd to be #bf1jjj    
al?\gh 8 sal>y _h always be5 ridicul\sly
 small4  ,! eight *ildr5 7 all boys1 &  
all b "o grew to manhood4 ,timo?y 0 a   
h>dw>e m]*ant 9 ,new ,hav5 & ,new ,york 
= m ?an =ty ye>s4 ,he end[$ ! ,dwight   
,pr(essor%ip ( ,didactic ,!ology 9      
,yale1 :i* 0 nam$ = him4 ,!re 7 n9e     
*ildr51 gr&*ildr5 ( ,presid5t ,dwight by
 8 elde/ son4 ,( ^! ! elde/1 also       
,timo?y1 0 ! lead+ pap] manufactur] 9 ! 
tru/ mill headqu>t]s at ,*icago1 & 8 six

 *ildr5 7 ent]pris+ & successful bus9ess
 m5 9 ,ill9ois & ,wiscons94 ,john       
,william ,dwight 0 "o ( ! lead+         
manufactur]s ( *emicals 9 ,connecticut4 
,edw>d ,/rong ,dwight1 ( ,yale1 #ahch1 &
 ( ,!ological ,sem9>y1 ,yale1 0 = _m    
ye>s a tru/ee ( ,amh]/ & a prom95t      
cl]gyman4 ,j4,h4 ,lyman1 ,m4,d41 &      
,edw>d ,hunt+ton ,lyman1 ,m4,d41 7 names
 t add$ lu/] to ! family ( ,presid5t    
,dwight4 ,b5jam9 ,woolsey ,dwight1      
,m4,d41 ano!r son ( ! ,presid5t ( ,yale1
 0 a graduate ( ,yale & treasur] (      
,hamilton college = n9ete5 ye>s4 ,among 
8 desc5dants are ,ri*>d ,smi? ,dewey1   
,m4,d41 ( ,ann ,arbor1 9 *>ge (         
,brooklyn ,city ,hospital2 *>ge (       
milit>y hospital at ,hesse ,cassel 9    
,franco-,prussian w>2 assi/ant          
sup]9t5d5t ,ill9ois ,/ate ,insane       
hospital at ,elg94 ,also ,elliott       
,an?ony1 ( ,hamilton1 #ahej2 ,*icago    
lawy]2 city attorney2 a memb] ( !       
,ill9ois ,con/itutional ,conv5tion 9    
#ahfb & aga9 9 #ahgj2 f\nd] ( ! ,law    

,in/itute1 ,*icago1 & = sev]al ye>s !   
presid5t4 ,also ,edw>d ,woolsey ,dwight1
 :o 0 a lead+ citiz5 & legislator (     
,wiscons94  ,x is impracticable to give 
! record ( _m ( ! di/+ui%$ memb]s ( su* 
a family1 b a brief notice ( a few w    
give "s idea ( ! /&>d ( ! family4  ,b5j4
 ,woodbridge ,dwight1 ,ph4,d41 b4 #ahaf1
 g4 ,hamilton #ahce1 ,yale ,!ological   
,sem9>y1 pr(essor 9 ,hamilton2 f\nd$    
,c5tral ,presbyt]ian *ur*1 ,joliet1     
,ill42 e/abli%$ ,dwight's ,high ,s*ool1 
,brooklyn2 editor-9-*ief ( ,! ,int]ior (
 ,*icago1 :i* he own$ & edit$2          
contributor to _m magaz9es2 au?or (     
sev]al s*ol>ly works2 _h ! fir/         
prep>atory s*ool :i* plac$ ,g]man on a  
level ) ,greek 9 importance1 & f\nd$ a  
l>ge prep>atory bo>d+ s*ool at ,cl9ton1 
,n4,y4 ,he 0 a man ( r>e ability1 "* &  
success4  ,pr(4 ,!odore ,william        
,dwight1 ,,ll4,d41 b4 #ahbb1 g4         
,hamilton #ahdj1 g4 ,yale ,law ,s42     
pr(essor ,hamilton ,college sixte5 ye>s2
 dean ( ,columbia ,college ,law ,s4 f   

#aheh to #ahib4 ,james ,brice ( ,engl&  
plac$ him at ! head ( legal le>n+ 9 !   
,unit$ ,/ates & said3 ,x w\ld be wor? an
 ,engli% /ud5t's :ile to cross !        
,atlantic to att5d 8 c\rse4 ,ano!r em95t
 ,engli% lawy]1 ,a4,v4 ,dicey1 9 ,legal 
,education wrote ( him z ! greate/ liv+ 
,am]ican tea*] ( law4 ,he gave a c\rse (
 lectures ea* ye> at ,cornell2 0 a memb]
 ( ! ,n4,y4 ,con/itutional ,conv5tion 9 
#ahfg2 0 a memb] ( ! fam\s committee (  
sev5ty 9 ,n4,y4 ,city t expos$ ! ,twe$  
r+2 0 presid5t ( ! ,new ,york ,prison   
,association & presid$ :5 ,mr4 ,dugdale 
0 employ$ to /udy ! ,jukes2 associate   
editor ,am]ican ,law ,regi/]2 0 legal   
editor ( ,johnson's ,encyclopdia1 & made
 _m important contributions to ! legal  
lit]ature ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re h be5 few m5 
( equal em95ce 9 our c\ntry's hi/ory4   
,presid5t ,!odore ,dwight ,woolsey1     
,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 b4 ,new ,york ,city1  
,octob] #ca1 #ahja1 0 ! gr&son ( ,m>y   
,edw>ds ,dwight & great gr&son (        
,jona?an ,edw>ds2 g4 ,yale #ahbj2 /udi$ 

at ,pr9ceton ,!ological ,sem9>y & g4 at 
,yale ,l4,s42 /udi$ 9 ,g]man            
univ]sities2 pr(essor 9 ,yale tw5ty-two 
ye>s2 presid5t ( ,yale #ahdf-ahga4      
,wesleyan conf]r$ degree ( ,,ll4,d4 &   
,h>v>d t ( ,,ll4,d4 & ,s4,t4,d4 all be=e
 he 0 fifty ye>s ( age4 ,presid5t ( !   
,evangelical ,alliance held 9 ,n4,y4    
,city #ahgc1 ! lead+ ,am]ican on !      
,committee = ! ,revision ( ! ,bible4    
,aft] resign+ ! presid5cy he cont9u$ to 
lecture at ,yale until 8 dea?1 #ahhi4   
,!re 0 no m em95t ,am]ican 9 un(ficial  
life f #ahdj to #ahij ?an he4 ,presid5t 
,hayes once said t he 0 greatly p]plex$ 
at "o "t z to ! l9e ( public policy :i* 
he %\ld pursue until x occurr$ to him t 
,presid5t ,woolsey 0 ! "o ,am]ican on ^:
 judgm5t he c\ld rely1 & aft] consult+  
him 8 c\rse 0 entirely cle> & 8 action  
wise4 ,he 0 ! au?or ( sev]al valuable & 
/&>d works4 ,yale's fir/ great advance 0
 9 ! "t ( ,presid5t ,timo?y ,dwight1 its
 second 0 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t  
,!odore ,dwight ,woolsey4 ,:5 he became 

presid5t ! classes ab\t d\bl$ 9 size4   
,he introduc$ new dep>tm5ts at once &   
end[m5ts came 91 su* z _h nev] be5      
consid]$ possible4 ,! tuition 0 rais$ f 
#cc to #ij2 ! sal>ies 7 greatly         
increas$1 graduate c\rses 7 introduc$2  
_m new build+s 7 erect$ & ev]y?+ w5t    
=w>d at a radically diff]5t pace4 ,yale 
& ,am]ican ?\ght owe mu* to ,presid5t   
,woolsey4 ,he wrote _m s*ol>ly works4   
,!re 7 ?irte5 *ildr5 born to ,presid5t  
,woolsey4 ,( ^!1 "o daught] m>ri$ ,rev4 
,edg> ,la+ ,he]mance1 a graduate ( ,yale
 & a useful & tal5t$ man2 "o ( ! sons1  
,!odore ,salisbury1 0 a graduate (      
,yale1 & pr(essor ( ,int]national ,law  
at ,yale4  ,presid5t ,timo?y ,dwight1   
,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 b4 #ahbh1 g4 ,yale    
#ahdi1 g4 ,yale ,!ological ,s*ool1 /udi$
 at ,bonn & ,b]l9 9 ,g]many2 0 pr(essor 
at ,yale & presid5t f #ahhf to #ahig4   
,he has be5 an em95t ,am]ican s*ol> =   
half a c5tury4 ,if !re 7 b two or ?ree  
su* m5 9 a family x w\ld make x         
memorable4 ,yale gave him ! degree (    

,d4,d41 & bo? ,h>v>d & ,pr9ceton t (    
,,ll4,d4 ,he 0 editor ( ,! ,new ,engl&]4
 ,x is a s+ul> fact t ! ?ree great      
advances :i* ,yale has made h be5 9 !   
times ( ! two ,dwights & ( ,woolsey1 all
 desc5dants ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds4 ,by !   
end ( 8 ?ird ye> ! numb] ( /ud5ts _h    
ris5 to #acfe & ! six? ye> to #aghd4 ,! 
gifts to ,yale 9 ea* ( ! fifte5 ye>s ( 8
 adm9i/ration 7 fabul\s z comp>$ ) any  
pa/ exp]i5ces1 (t5 above #cej1jjj4      
,presid5t ,s]5o ,edw>ds ,dwight1 ,d4,d41
 g4 ,yale #ahjc1 practic$ law 9 ,new    
,hav52 au?or ( important books :i* 7    
republi%$ 9 ,engl&2 became a cl]gyman at
 ! age ( tw5ty-n9e2 pa/or ( ,p>k ,/4    
,*ur*1 ,bo/on2 0 *apla9 ( ! ,u4,s4      
,s5ate2 e/abli%$ successful bo>d+ s*ool 
9 ,new ,hav54 ,among 8 /ud5ts 7 ! two   
boys :o aft]w>ds made ! fam\s ,&rews    
,/odd>d's ,lat9 ,gramm>4 ,8 lit]>y "w 0 
ext5sive & valuable4 ,/&+ by himself he 
w\ld %$ lu/re ^u ! names he bore1       
,edw>ds & ,dwight4 ,he 0 a tutor 9 ,yale
 & 0 ?ird presid5t ( ,hamilton ,college4

  ,william ,!odore ,dwight1 ,d4,d41 b4  
#agie1 g4 ,yale #ahac1 tutor at ,yale1  
practic$ law 9 ,philadelphia2 became a  
cl]gyman2 pa/or 9 ,portl&2 ov]se] (     
,b[do9 ,college4 ,he 0 (f]$ ?ree        
pr(essor%ips1 :i* he decl9$4 ,he 0 "o ( 
! religi\s lead]s ( ,am]ica = _m ye>s4  
,hon4 ,!odore ,dwight1 b4 #agfd1 lawy]4 
,editor ,! ,connecticut ,mirror & ,!    
,h>t=d ,c\rant2 memb] ( ,congress1 :]e  
he won honors by successfully combat+ ! 
fam\s ,john ,r&olph2 secret>y ( ! fam\s 
,h>t=d ,conv5tion2 e/abli%$ & edit$     
#ahae-ag ! ,albany ,daily ,adv]tis]2    
e/abli%$ & edit$ ! ,new ,york ,daily    
,adv]tis] #ahag-cf2 wrote ,life ( ,?omas
 ,jeff]son1 & _m o!r works ( importance4
 ,!re 7 few m5 9 8 day :o occupi$ a     
position ( su* influ5ce4  ,!odore       
,dwight1 #b;d1 b4 #agif1 g4 ,yale #ahad1
 em95t s*ol>1 imprison$ 9 ,p>is =       
di/ribut+ ! ,new ,te/am5t gratis 9 !    
/reets2 spoke sev5 languages2 0 ! w>me/ 
,am]ican fri5d ( ,g>ibaldi & 0 au?oriz$ 
by him to edit 8 works 9 ?is c\ntry2 0  

director ,n4,y4 ,asylum = ! ,bl9d1 & ( !
 ,n4,y4 ,public ,s*ool ,assn42 0        
in/rum5tal 9 hav+ music introduc$ into !
 s*ools ( ,n4,y4 ,city2 0 prom95t 9     
religi\s & philan?ropic z well z        
educational "w4 ,9 ! ,kansas crisis he  
induc$ #c1jjj settl]s to g to ,kansas1 &
 indirectly caus$ ne>ly #aj1jjj to g at 
t critical "t4 ,he edit$ at v>i\s times 
,! ,n4,y4 ,daily ,adv]tis]1 ,! ,y\?s    
,p5ny ,pap]1 ,! ,am]ican ,magaz9e1 ,!   
,family ,visitor1 ,! ,n4,y4             
,presbyt]ian1 ,! ,*ri/ian ,alliance1 &  
wrote sev]al successful text-books & _m 
lit]>y & hi/orical works4 ,he 0 a lead] 
9 ! noble/ s5se ( ! t]m4  ,na?aniel     
,dwight1 ,m4,d41 b4 #aggj1 surgeon 9    
,unit$ ,/ates ,army1 practic$ m$ic9e 9  
,provid5ce2 prep>$ ! fir/ s*ool         
geography ev] publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2
 wrote _m hi/orical works2 orig9al      
advocate ( special in/itutional c>e = ! 
insane4 ,aft] elev5 ye>s ( ard5t        
*ampion%ip he saw ! fir/ insane retreat 
e/abli%$4  ,h5ry ,e4 ,dwight1 ,m4,d41 b4

 #ahcb1 g4 ,yale #aheb1 g4 ,&ov]        
,!ological ,sem9>y #aheg1 /udi$ 9       
,g]many & ,france & 0 an em95t physician
 9 ,philadelphia4 ,rev4 ,s4,g4 ,dwight1 
g4 ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y1 & 0 a     
mission>y 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s4  ,"h are a 
few :o c only be nam$3 ,john ,w4        
,dwight1 b4 #ahbj1 g4 ,yale1 em95t div9e
 & tru/ee ( ,amh]/ ,college = _m ye>s4  
,mrs4 ,r5ssela] ,nicol1 ( ,new ,hav51 a 
lead] 9 prison re=m & o!r philan?ropic  
movem5ts4  ,?omas ,b4 ,dwight1 b4 #aheg1
 g4 ,yale1 di/rict attorney (           
,philadelphia & em95t lawy]4  ,s]5o ,e4 
,dwight1 surgeon 9 ,briti% army4  ,james
 ,a4 ,dwight1 b4 #ahee1 9 ,unit$ ,/ates 
navy4  ,samuel ,h4 ,/unn] 0 ) ,%]man 9 8
 m>* to ! sea4  ,mrs4 ,r4,h4 ,p]k9s1 b4 
#ahai1 em95t tea*]1 pr9cipal ,duffield  
s*ool1 ,detroit4  ,william ,h4 ,sumn]1  
(fic] 9 ,u4,s4 regul> army4  ,?omas     
,b]ry1 bank] 9 ,clevel&4  ,g5]al ,rob]t 
,montgom]y1 ( ,p5nsylvania4  ,o4,h4     
,k5n$y1 (fic] 9 ,u4,s4 navy4  ,f5ton    
,rockwell1 judge advocate & provo/ judge

 9 ,new ,orleans2 (fic] 9 ,civil w>1 & 9
 _m important battles4  ,william ,r4    
,dwight1 ,new ,york bank]4  ,george ,s4 
,dwight1 l>ge railroad contractor4      
,william ,all]ton1 lea!r m]*ant 9       
,bo/on4  ,mrs4 ,egb]t ,c4 ,smy?1 wife ( 
! dean ( ,&ov] ,!ological ,sem9>y4      
,rossit] ,w4 ,raymond1 em95t speciali/1 
au?or1 & lectur]4  ,w4,m4 ,bell1        
manufactur]1 ,allegh5y4  ,colonel       
,a4,s4,m4 ,morgan1 ,u4,s4,a4  ,j4,e4    
,jacobs1 insurance manag]1 ,*icago4     
,e4,s4 ,*ur*ill1 ,portl&1 ,me41 m]*ant4 
,w4,d4 ,bell1 manufactur]1              
,philadelphia4  ,george ,colli]1 ri* ,/4
 ,l\is bank]4  ,e4,a4 ,hit*cock1 tea    
m]*ant1 ,hong ,kong4  ,m4,d4 ,colli]1   
graduat$ f ,yale2 ,/4 ,l\is lawy]4      
,h4,r4 ,bell1 ,*icago physician4  ,d4,w4
 ,bell1 ,pittsburg lawy]4  ,a4,s4 ,bell1
 ,pittsburg lawy]4  ,george ,hoadley1   
born 9 #agha2 graduat$ f ,yale2 mayor   
,new ,hav52 eight times mayor (         
,clevel&4  ,w4,w4 ,hoadley1 born 9      
#ahad2 ,c9c9nati bank]4  ,dr4 ,t4,f4    

,pom]oy1 ,detroit4  ,g5]al ,j4,h4       
,bates1 ,u4,s4,a42 ,ohio /ate s5ate4    
,gov]nor ,george ,hoadley1 born 9 #ahbf2
 graduat$ f ,we/]n ,res]ve ,college2    
supreme c\rt judge2 presid5t ,democratic
 conv5tion t nom9at$ ,g5]al ,hancock = !
 presid5cy4  ,major ,w4,w4 ,w9?rop ( !  
,civil w>2 graduat$ f ,tale4  ,major    
,w4,t4 ,johnson1 graduat$ f ,yale2 kill$
 at battle ( ,big ,be!l4  ,!odore       
,we/on1 graduat$ f ,yale2 civil eng9e] (
 ,croton wat] works4  ,j4,m4 ,woolsey1  
born 9 #agif2 graduat$ f ,yale2         
capitali/1 ,clevel&4  ,s>ah ,c4 ,woolsey
 is ,susan ,coolidge4  ,mrs4 ,daniel ,c4
 ,grilman1 wife ( ! presid5t ( ,johns   
,hopk9s ,univ]sity1 & =m]ly presid5t (  
,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia4  ,samuel        
,c>malt1 weal?y l& own] 9 ,p5nsylvania4 
,dr4 ,w4,w4 ,woolsey1 born 9 #ahca2     
graduat$ f ,yale2 physician1 ,dubuque1  
,ia4  ,t4,b4 ,woolsey1 fl\r m]*ant1 ,new
 ,york4  ,samuel ,w4 ,johnson1 graduat$ 
f ,pr9ceton & ,h>v>d law s*ool2 ,new    
,york lawy]4  ,woolsey ,johnson1 ,m4,d41

 graduat$ f ,pr9ceton & ,new ,york      
,m$ical ,college2 physician1 ,new ,york4
  ,!odore ,s4 ,woolsey1 graduat$ f      
,yale2 pr(essor 9 ,yale4  ,*>les ,f4    
,johnson1 graduat$ f ,yale2 pr(essor    
,unit$ ,/ates ,naval ,academy1          
,annapolis4  ,w4,w4 ,johnson1 graduat$ f
 ,yale2 pr(essor ,k5yon ,college4       
,j4,h4 ,ra?burn1 lawy]1 ,utica4  ,j4,o4 
,pease1 m]*ant1 ,philadelphia4  ,a4,s4  
,dwight1 lieut5ant ,u4,s4,a42 kill$ at  
,pet]sburg4  ,george ,p4,b4 ,dwight1    
,new ,york cu/om h\se4  ,h5ry ,e4       
,dwight1 born 9 #ahac2 ,s\!rn plant]4   
,!odore ,woolsey ,port]1 b4 #agii1 g4   
,yale #ahai1 em95t tea*]2 pr9cipal (    
,wa%+ton ,in/itute1 ,new ,york ,city4   
,timo?y ,dwight ,port]1 ,m4,d41 b4      
#agig1 g4 ,yale #ahaf1 0 9 ! ,new ,york 
s5ate & a successful practition]4       
,imp]fectly z ^! names repres5t !       
a*ievem5ts ( ! desc5dants ( ,m>y ,edw>ds
 ,dwight !y d h9t /rongly at ! vigor1 "*
 & s*ol>%ip = :i* ! family ( ,jona?an   
,edw>ds /&s 9 ,am]ican life4  ,!re is   

ano!r l>ge family ( ,dwights1 direct    
desc5dants ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds1 ?r\gh 8  
gr&daught]1 ,rhoda ,edw>ds1 b ^! are n1 
( c\rse1 includ$ 9 ?is li/ ( ,m>y's     
desc5dants4 ,_m ( ^! are em95t m51 &    
ref]5ce is "h made to _! omission1 le/  
"s "o %\ld ?9k ! facts reg>d+ !m 7 n    
ga!r$4   ,a ,,mod]n ,,in/ance  ,x 0 kn[n
 t ,john ,eliot ,woodbridge remov$ to   
,y\ng/[n1 ,o41 ab\t "o hundr$ ye>s ago1 
b no trace ( him 0 f\nd until ^! *apt]s 
7 9 type :5 x appe>$ t ?is undiscov]$   
rema9d] 0 a mo/ important bran* ( !     
family4  ,congressman ,r4,w4 ,taylor1 ( 
,ohio1 *airman ( ! committee to pass ^u 
! case ( ,mr4 ,rob]ts ( ,utah1 is a     
desc5dant ( ,jona?an ,edw>ds ?r\gh ,john
 ,eliot ,woodbridge4 ,8 ma/]ly treatm5t 
( ! case is recogniz$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 
,"h is :at ! ,detroit ,free ,press said 
( him at ! "t ( ! inve/igation3  ,9     
appe>ance he is n ( ! robu/ ord] (      
/atesm54 ,) fair face1 %\ld]s t he has  
always p]mitt$ to droop1 indisp5sable   
eyeglasses1 & h&s t n9e wom5 out ( t5   

w\ld envy1 mode/ demeanor1 & k9dly      
in/9cts1 he is among ! la/ ( m5 t a     
casual obs]v] w\ld pick z fitt+ lead]s  
:]e n]ve1 aggressiv5ess1 & fe>less      
det]m9ation mu/ be jo9$ ) an ability to 
give & take 9 legal controv]sy4  ,b ?is 
pass+ judgm5t w\ld be at wide/ v>iance )
 ! tru?4 ,college mates ( ,taylor w     
recall ! deceptiv5ess ( ?is outw>d      
appe>ance4 ,x conceal$ muscles ( /eel & 
a w t _h only to be "r 9 ord] to be     
inv9cible4 ,he 0 ! pe] ( any amateur    
baseball cat*] 9 8 day1 & held ! same   
enviable place z a /ud5t ( ! classics4  
,he 0 ! /rong man = ! ,d4,k4,e4         
initiations1 & took ! same rank 9 all   
s*ola/ic competitions4  ,dr4 ,timo?y    
,woodbridge1 ( ,y\ng/[n1 0 a graduate ( 
! m$ical college ( ,philadelphia1 & 0 "o
 ( ! em95t physicians ( ,ea/]n ,ohio4 ,8
 gr&son1 ,b5jam9 ,w>n] ,wells1 (        
,*icago1 0 a graduate ( ,annapolis naval
 academy4 ,he 0 ,admiral ,s*ley's flag  
secret>y 9 ! engagem5t at ,santiago4    
,dr4 ,john ,eliot ,woodbridge1 ,clevel&1

 is an em95t speciali/ 9 typhoid fev]   
cases4 ,rob]t ,walk] ,taylor 0          
comptroll] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates treasury = 
fifte5 ye>s4