,,jukes-,,edwards ,a ,,study ,,in ,,education ,,and ,,heredity 99 99 99 99 99 ,,by ,a4,e4 ,,winship1 ,,litt4,d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,harrisburg1 ,,pa43 ,r4,l4 ,myers ,co4 #aijj4 ,to ,,him ,who1 more than any other1 has taught us how to afford opportunity for neglected1 unfortunate and wayward boys and girls to transform themselves into industrious1 virtuous and upright citizens through the most remarkable institution in the land1 ,,william ,r4 ,,george1 ,,founder ,,of ,,the ,,george ,,junior ,,republic1 ,,this ,,study ,,is ,,dedicated4 ,r4,l4 ,,myers ,,co41 ,,publishers ,,of ,standard ,helps for ,teachers1 ,standard ,school ,books4 ,,send ,,for ,,catalogue4 ,,harrisburg1 ,,penna4 ,,preface4 ,of all the problems which ,america faces on the land and on the seas1 no one is so important as that of making regenerates out of degenerates4 ,the massing of people in large cities1 the incoming of vast multitudes from the impoverished masses of several ,european and ,asiatic countries1 the tendency to interpret liberty as license1 the contagious nature of moral1 as well as of physical1 diseases combine to make it of the utmost importance that ,american enterprise and moral force find ways and means for accomplishing this transformation4 ,the grand results of the movement in ,new ,york city inspired by ,jacob ,riis2 the fascinating benevolence of the ,roycroft ,shop in ,east ,aurora1 ,n4,y42 the marvelous transfiguration of character--,i speak it reverently--at the ,george ,junior ,republic1 ,freeville1 ,n4,y41 added to the ,college ,settlement and kindred efforts merely indicate what may be accomplished when philanthropy supplements saying by doing1 and when ,christianity stands for the beauty of wholeness and is satisfied with nothing less than the physical1 mental and moral conversions of all classes among the masses at home as well as abroad1 in the ,east as well as in the ,west4 ,a problem is primarily something thrown at us as a challenge for us to see through it4 ,to solve a problem is to loosen it so that it may be looked into or seen through4 ,whatever contributes to the loosening of a problem by throwing light upon the conditions is of value in aiding in its solution1 hence the publication of this study of the family of ,jonathan ,edwards as a contrast to the ,jukes4 ,a4,e4,w4 ,somerville1 ,mass41 ,june #a1 #aijj4 ,,table ,,of ,,contents4 ,page4 ,,the ,,jukes1 #g ,a ,,study ,,of ,,jonathan ,,edwards1 #ae ,,the ,,inheritance ,,and ,,training ,,of ,,mr4 ,,edwards1 #bj ,,the ,,children',s ,,start ,,in ,,life1 #bi ,,mrs4 ,,edwards ,,and ,,home ,,training1 #cg ,,capacity1 ,,character ,,and ,,training1 #da ,,aaron ,,burr1 #dd ,,contrasts1 #ec ,,timothy ,,edwards1 #fa ,,colonel ,,william ,,edwards1 #fg ,,the ,,mary ,,edwards ,,dwight ,,family1 #gd ,,chapter ,i ,,the ,,jukes ,education is something more than going to school for a few weeks each year1 is more than knowing how to read and write4 ,it has to do with character1 with industry1 and with patriotism4 ,education tends to do away with vulgarity1 pauperism1 and crime1 tends to prevent disease and disgrace1 and helps to manliness1 success and loyalty4 ,ignorance leads to all those things that education tries to do away with1 and it tends to do away with all the things that education tries to cultivate4 ,it is easy to say these things1 and every one knows they are true1 but few realize how much such statements mean4 ,it is not easy to take a view of such matters over a long range of time and experience4 ,a boy that leaves school and shifts for himself by blacking boots1 selling papers1 and swiping fruit often appears much smarter than a boy of the same age who is going to school all the time and does not see so much of the world4 ,a boy of twelve who has lived by his wits is often keener than a boy of the same age who has been well brought up at home and at school1 but such a boy knows about as much and is about as much of a man at twelve as he will ever be1 while the boy that gets an education becomes more and more of a man as long as he lives4 ,but this might be said a thousand times to every truant1 and it would have very little effect1 because he thinks that he will be an exception4 ,he never sees beyond his own boyish smartness4 ,few men and women realize how true it is that these smart rascally fellows1 who persist in remaining in ignorance1 are to be the vicious1 pauper1 criminal class who are to fill the dens of vice1 the poorhouses1 and the prisons2 who are to be burglars1 highwaymen1 and murderers4 ,in place of opinions1 it is well sometimes to present facts so clear and definite that they cannot be forgotten4 ,r4,a4 ,dugdale1 of ,new ,york ,state1 began the study of ,the ,jukes family in #ahgd1 and in #ahgg in the twentieth annual report of the ,new ,york ,prison ,commission he made a statement of the results4,footnote3 ,g4,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 ,new ,york1 reprinted this study in ,the ,jukes4 ,this brief summary of the ,jukes is based upon the facts which ,mr4 ,dugdale has published4 ,the ,jukes is a name given to a large family of degenerates4 ,it is not the real name of any family1 but a general term applied to forty-two different names borne by those in whose veins flows the blood of one man4 ,the word jukes means to roost4 ,it refers to the habit of fowls to have no home1 no nest1 no coop1 preferring to fly into the trees and roost away from the places where they belong4 ,the word has also come to mean people who are too indolent and lazy to stand up or sit up1 but sprawl out anywhere4 ,the ,jukes are a family that did not make good homes1 did not provide themselves with comforts1 did not work steadily4 ,they are like hens that fly into the trees to roost4 ,the father of ,the ,jukes ,mr4 ,dugdale styled ,max4 ,he was born about #agbj of ,dutch stock4 ,had he remained with his home folk in the town and been educated1 and thrifty like the rest of the boys1 he might have given the world a very different kind of family from ,the ,jukes4 ,max was a jolly good fellow and not very bad4 ,he was popular and he could tell a good story that made everybody laugh4 ,of course he was vulgar1 such jolly good fellows are usually vulgar4 ,he would not go to school1 because he did not like it4 ,he would not stay in evenings1 for he did not like that4 ,he did not enjoy being talked to1 but always wanted to talk himself1 and to talk to boys who would laugh at his yarns4 ,he would not work for he did not like it4 ,he wanted to go fishing1 hunting1 and trapping2 so he left home early and took to the woods4 ,max liked nature4 ,he thought he was lots better than town people because he knew more about nature4 ,he found a lovely spot on the border of a beautiful lake in ,new ,york ,state1 where the rocks are grand1 the waters lovely1 the forest glorious4 ,there was never a more charming place in which to be good and to love ,god than this place where ,max built his shanty about #agej4 ,but he did not go there to worship or to be good4 ,he went simply to get away from good people1 to get where he would not have to work1 and where he would not be preached to1 and this beautiful spot became a notorious cradle of crime4 ,nature is lovely1 but it makes all the difference in the world how we know nature and why we love it4 ,in #ahgd ,richard ,l4 ,dugdale was employed by the ,new ,york ,prison ,commission to visit the prisons of the state4 ,in this visit he was surprised to find criminals in six different prisons whose relatives were mostly criminals or paupers1 and the more surprised to discover that these six criminals1 under four different names1 were all descended from the same family4 ,this led ,mr4 ,dugdale to study their relatives1 living and dead4 ,he gave himself up to this work with great zeal1 studying the court and prison records1 reports of town poorhouses1 and the testimony of old neighbors and employers4 ,he learned the details of #edj descendants of ,max in five generations4 ,he learned the exact facts about #afi who married into the family4 ,it is customary to count as of a family the men who marry into it4 ,he traced in part others1 which carried the number up to #a1bjj persons of the family of the ,jukes4 ,the ,jukes rarely married foreign-born men or women1 so that it may be styled a distinctively ,american family4 ,the almost universal traits of the family were idleness1 ignorance1 and vulgarity4 ,they would not work1 they could not be made to study1 and they loved vulgarity4 ,these characteristics led to disease and disgrace1 to pauperism and crime4 ,they were a disgustingly diseased family as a whole4 ,there were many imbeciles and many insane4 ,those of the ,jukes who tended to pauperism were rarely criminal1 and those who were criminal were rarely paupers4 ,the sick1 the weak1 and goody-goody ones were almost all paupers2 the healthy1 strong ones were criminals4 ,it is a well-known fact in sociology that criminals are of three classes3 ,first1 those who direct crime1 the capitalists in crime1 who are rarely arrested1 who seldom commit any crime1 but inspire men to crime in various ways4 ,these are intelligent and have to be educated to some extent4 ,they profit by crime and take slight risks4 ,second1 those who commit heroic crimes and find some satisfaction in the skill and daring required4 ,safe-breaking1 train robbery1 and some types of burglary require men of ability and pluck1 and those who do these things have a species of pride in it4 ,third1 those who commit weak and imbecile crimes1 which mark the doer as a sneak and a coward4 ,these men rob hen roosts1 waylay helpless women and old men1 steal clothing in hallways1 and burn buildings4 ,they are always cowardly about everything they do1 and never have the pluck to steal chickens even until they are half drunk4 ,they often commit murder1 but only when they are detected in some sneaking crime and shoot because they are too cowardly to face their discoverer4 ,now the ,jukes were almost never of the first or second class4 ,they could not be criminals that required capital1 brains1 education or nerve4 ,even the kind of pauperism and crime in which they indulged was particularly disgraceful4 ,this is inevitably true of all classes of people who combine idleness1 ignorance1 and vulgarity4 ,they are not even respectable among criminals and paupers4 ,there is an honorable pauperism4 ,it is no disgrace to be poor or to be in a poorhouse if there is a good reason for it4 ,one may be manly in poverty4 ,but the ,jukes were never manly or honorable paupers1 they were weaklings among paupers4 ,they were a great expense to the state1 costing in crime and pauperism more than #a1bej1jjj4 ,taken as a whole1 they not only did not contribute to the world's prosperity1 but they cost more than #a1jjj a piece1 including all men1 women1 and children1 for pauperism and crime4 ,those who worked did the lowest kind of service and received the smallest wages4 ,only twenty of the #a1bjj learned a trade1 and ten of those learned it in the state prison4 ,even they were not regularly employed4 ,men who work regularly even at unskilled labor are generally honest men and provide for the family4 ,a habit of irregular work is a species of mental or moral weakness1 or both4 ,a man or woman who will not stick to a job is morally certain to be a pauper or a criminal4 ,one great benefit of going to school1 especially of attending regularly for eight or ten months each year for nine years or more1 is that it establishes a habit of regularity and persistency in effort4 ,the boy who leaves school to go to work does not necessarily learn to work steadily1 but often quite the reverse4 ,few who graduate from a grammar school1 or who take the equivalent course in a rural school1 fail to be regular in their habits of effort4 ,this accounts in part for the fact that few unskilled workmen ever graduated from a grammar school4 ,scarcely any of the ,jukes were ever at school any considerable time4 ,probably no one of them ever had so much as a completed rural school education4 ,it is very difficult to find anyone who is honest and industrious1 pure and prosperous1 who has not had a fair education1 if he ever had the opportunity1 as all children in the ,united ,states now have4 ,it is an interesting fact developed from a study of the ,jukes that it is much easier to reform a criminal than a pauper4 ,here are a few facts by way of conclusion4 ,on the basis of the facts gathered by ,mr4 ,dugdale1 #caj of the #a1bjj were professional paupers1 or more than one in four4 ,these were in poorhouses or its equivalent for #b1cjj years4 ,three hundred of the #a1bjj1 or one in four1 died in infancy from lack of good care and good conditions4 ,there were fifty women who lived lives of notorious debauchery4 ,four hundred men and women were physically wrecked early by their own wickedness4 ,there were seven murderers4 ,sixty were habitual thieves who spent on the average twelve years each in lawless depredations4 ,there were #acj criminals who were convicted more or less often of crime4 ,what a picture this presents6 ,some slight improvement was apparent when ,mr4 ,dugdale closed his studies4 ,this resulted from evening schools1 from manual training schools1 from improved conditions of labor1 from the later methods of treating prisoners4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,a ,,study ,,of ,,jonathan ,,edwards ,the story of the ,jukes as published by ,mr4 ,dugdale has been the text of a multitude of sermons1 the theme of numberless addresses1 the inspiration of no end of editorials and essays4 ,for twenty years there was a call for a companion picture4 ,every preacher1 orator1 and editor who presented the story of the ,jukes1 with its abhorrent features1 wanted the facts for a cheery1 comforting1 convincing contrast4 ,this was not to be had for the asking4 ,several attempts had been made to find the key to such a study without discovering a person of the required prominence1 born sufficiently long ago1 with the necessary vigor of intellect and strength of character who established the habit of having large families4 ,in #ahig a professional scholarly organization--to which the author has the honor to belong--assigned to him1 without his knowledge or consent1 the duty of preparing an essay upon ,jonathan ,edwards for the ,may meeting of #ahih4 ,the study then begun led to a search for the facts regarding his family1 and when it came to light that one of ,jonathan ,edwards' descendants presided over the ,new ,york ,prison ,commission when it employed ,mr4 ,dugdale to make a study of the ,jukes1 the appropriateness of the contrast was more than ever apparent4 ,in this study the sources of information are the various genealogies of families in which the descendants of ,mr4 ,edwards play a part1 various town histories and church and college publications1 but chiefly the biographical dictionaries and encyclopaedias in which the records of the men of the family are chronicled4 ,it would be impossible to follow out the positions occupied by the various members but for the pride they all feel in recording the fact that they are descendants of ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,a good illustration of this may be had in the current announcements of the marvelously popular novel1 ,richard ,carvel1 in which it is always emphasized that ,mr4 ,winston ,churchill1 the author1 is a descendant of ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,only two ,americans established a considerable and permanent reputation in the world of ,european thought prior to the present century1--,benjamin ,franklin and ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,in #agcf1 ,dr4 ,isaac ,watts published in ,england ,mr4 ,edwards' account of the beginning of the great awakening in the ,connecticut valley4 ,here more than a century and a half ago1 when the colonies were small1 their future unsuspected and the ability of their leaders unrecognized1 ,jonathan ,edwards erected the standard of ,orthodoxy for enlightened ,protestant ,europe4 ,who can estimate the eloquence of that simple fact8 ,almost everything of his which was published in the colonies was speedily republished in ,england4 ,of what other ,american philosopher and theologian has this been true8 ,here are a few of the tributes to ,mr4 ,edwards3 ,daniel ,webster3 ,the ,freedom of the ,will by ,mr4 ,edwards is the greatest achievement of the human intellect4 ,dr4 ,chalmers3 ,the greatest of theologians4 ,robert ,hall3 ,he was the greatest of the sons of men4 ,dugald ,stewart3 ,edwards on the ,will never was answered and never will be answered4 ,encyclopaedia3 ,one of the greatest metaphysicians of his age4 ,edinburgh ,review3 ,one of the acutest and most powerful of reasoners4 ,london ,quarterly ,review3 ,his gigantic specimen of theological argument is as near to perfection as we may expect any human composition to approach4 ,he unites the sharpness of the scimetar and the strength of the battle-axe4 ,westminster ,review3 ,from the days of ,plato there has been no life of more simple and imposing grandeur than that of ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,president ,mc,cosh1 of ,princeton3 ,the greatest thinker that ,america has produced4 ,lyman ,beecher3 ,a prince among preachers4 ,in our day there is no man who comes within a thousand miles of him4 ,griswold's ,prose ,writers3 ,the first man of the world during the second quarter of the eighteenth century4 ,hollister's ,history of ,connecticut3 ,the most gifted man of the eighteenth century1 perhaps the most profound thinker in the world4 ,moses ,coit ,tyler3 ,the most original and acute thinker yet produced in ,america4 ,this is the man whose intellectual life has thrilled in the mental activity of more than #a1djj men and women of the past century and a half1 and which has not lost its virtue or its power in all these years4 ,england and ,scotland are not wont to sit at our feet even in this day1 and yet they sat at the feet of ,jonathan ,edwards as in the presence of a master when he was a mere home missionary1 living among the ,indians1 to whom he preached every ,lord's day4 ,the birth of fame is always an interesting study4 ,it is easy to play the part of a rocket if one can sizzle1 and flash1 and rise suddenly in darkness1 but to take one's place among luminaries and shine with permanent brilliancy is so rare an experience as to present a fascinating study4 ,jonathan ,edwards was twenty-eight years of age1 had been the pastor of a church on the frontier1 as ,northampton was1 for four years without any notable experience1 when he was invited to preach the annual sermon before the association of ministers at ,boston4 ,never since that day have ,boston and ,harvard been more thoroughly the seat of culture and of intellectual power than then4 ,it was a remarkable event for a young man of twenty-eight to be invited to come from the ,western limit of civilization and preach the annual sermon before the philosophical1 theological1 and scholastic masters of the ,east4 ,this sermon was so powerful that the association published it4 ,this was his first appearance in print4 ,so profoundly moved by this effort were the churches of ,new ,england that the clergymen generally gave public thanks to the ,head of the ,church for raising up so great a teacher and preacher4 ,thus was born the fame of ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,it is nearly #agj years since then4 ,science and invention1 enterprise and ambition have done great things for ,america and for ,americans4 ,we have mighty universities1 libraries1 and laboratories1 but we have no man who thinks more clearly1 writes more logically1 speaks more vigorously than did ,jonathan ,edwards1 and we have never had such a combination of spirit and power in any other ,american4 ,this mastery is revealing itself in various ways in hundreds of his descendants to-day1 and it has never ceased to do it since his blood gave tonic to the thought and character of his children and his children's children4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,the ,,inheritance ,,and ,,training ,,of ,,mr4 ,,edwards ,no man can have the intellectual power1 nobility of character1 and personal grandeur of ,jonathan ,edwards and transmit it to his children's children for a century and a half who has not himself had a great inheritance4 ,the whole teaching of the culture of animals and plants leaves no room to question the persistency of character1 and this is so grandly exemplified in the descendants of ,mr4 ,edwards that it is interesting to see what inheritances were focused in him4 ,it is not surprising to find that the ancestors of ,mr4 ,edwards were cradled in the intellectual literary activities of the days of ,queen ,elizabeth4 ,the family is of ,welsh origin and can be traced as far as #abhb1 when ,edward1 the conquerer1 appeared4 ,his great-great-grandfather1 ,richard ,edwards1 who went from ,wales to ,london about #aehj1 was a clergyman in the ,elizabethan period4 ,those were days which provided tonic for the keenest spirits and brightest minds and professional men profited most from the influence of ,spencer1 ,bacon1 and ,shakespeare4 ,among the first men to come to the new colonies in ,new ,england was ,william1 a son of this clergyman1 born about #afbj1 who came to ,hartford1 where his son ,richard1 born #afdg1 the grandfather of ,jonathan1 was an eminently prosperous merchant4 ,richard was an only son4 ,the father of ,jonathan1 ,timothy ,edwards1 was an only son in a family of seven4 ,aristocracy was at its height in the household of the merchants of ,hartford in the middle of the seventeenth century4 ,harvard was ,america's only college1 and it was a great event for a young man to go from ,hartford to ,harvard1 but this ,timothy ,edwards did1 and he took all attainable honors1 graduating in #affa1 taking the degrees of ,a4,b4 and ,a4,m4 the same day1 an uncommon mark of respect paid extraordinary proficiency in learning4 ,this brilliant graduate of ,harvard was soon settled over the church at ,east ,windsor1 ,conn41 where he remained sixty-five years as pastor4 ,who can estimate the inheritance which comes to a child of such a pastor who had been born in a merchant's home4 ,in the four generations which stood behind ,jonathan ,edwards were two merchants and two preachers1 a grand combination for manly and intellectual power4 ,in this pastor's home ,jonathan ,edwards was born ,october #e1 #agjc4 ,those were days in which great men came into the world4 ,there were born within fifteen years of ,jonathan ,edwards a wonderful array of thinkers along religious and philosophic lines1 men who have molded the thought and lives of a multitude of persons4 ,among these intellectual giants born within fifteen years of ,mr4 ,edwards were ,john ,wesley1 ,george ,whitefield1 ,swedenborg1 ,voltaire1 ,rousseau1 and ,hume4 ,in order to appreciate the full significance of ,mr4 ,edwards' legacy to the world1 it is well to study some conditions of his life4 ,it would not be easy to find a man whose surroundings and training in childhood were better than those of ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,the parsonage on the banks of the ,connecticut was a delightful home4 ,his parents and his grandparents were ideal ,american ,christian educated persons4 ,he was prepared for college by his father and mother4 ,he was a devout little ,christian before he was twelve years of age4 ,when he was but ten years old he1 with two other lads about his own age1 made a booth of branches in a retired spot in a neighboring wood1 where the three went daily for a season of prayer4 ,he began the study of ,latin at six and at twelve had a good preparation for college in ,latin1 ,greek1 and ,hebrew1 all of which had come from home study4 ,he not only knew books1 but he knew nature and loved her4 ,from early childhood to advanced years this remained true4 ,he entered ,yale college at twelve years of age4 ,in a letter which he wrote while a college freshman he speaks of himself as a child4 ,not many freshmen take that view of themselves1 but a lad of twelve1 away from home at college could have been little more than a child4 ,he was the fifth in a family of eleven children1 so that he had no lack of companionship from both older and younger sisters4 ,the older sisters had contributed much to his preparation for college4 ,they were a never-failing source of inspiration4 ,at fourteen he read in a masterly way ,locke on the ,human ,understanding4 ,it took a powerful hold on his mind and greatly affected his life4 ,in a letter to his father he asked a special favor that he might have a copy of ,the ,art of ,thinking1 not because it was necessary to his college work1 but because he thought it would be profitable4 ,while still in his teens he wrote a series of ,resolutions1 the like of which it would be difficult to duplicate in the case of any other youth4 ,these things are dwelt upon as indicating the way in which every fibre of his being was prepared for the great moral and intellectual legacy he left his children and his children's children4 ,here are ten of his seventy resolutions3 ,resolved1 to do whatever ,i think to be my duty1 and most for the good and advantage of mankind in general4 ,resolved1 so to do1 whatever difficulties ,i meet with1 how many soever1 and how great soever4 ,resolved1 to be continually endeavoring to find out some new contrivance and invention to promote the forementioned things4 ,resolved1 never to lose one moment of time1 but to improve it in the most profitable way ,i possibly can4 ,resolved1 to live with all my might while ,i do live4 ,resolved1 to be endeavoring to find out fit objects of charity and liberality4 ,resolved1 never to do anything out of revenge4 ,resolved1 never to suffer the least motions of anger towards irrational beings4 ,resolved1 never to speak evil of any one1 so that it shall tend to his dishonor1 more or less1 upon no account except for some real good4 ,resolved1 to maintain the strictest temperance in eating and drinking4 ,yale in the days of ,mr4 ,edwards was not the ,yale of the closing year of the nineteenth century4 ,it has now #b1ejj students and has had #ai1jjj graduates4 ,it had a very humble beginning in ,march1 #agjb1 the year before ,mr4 ,edwards was born4 ,it began with one lone student4 ,the father of ,jonathan ,edwards had been greatly interested in the starting of the college4 ,in #agja1 ,rev4 ,mr4 ,russell1 of ,branford1 a graduate of ,harvard1 as was the senior ,edwards1 invited to his home ten other ,connecticut pastors of whom nine were graduates of ,harvard4 ,each brought from his library some of his most valuable books1 and laying them upon ,mr4 ,russell's table1 said3 ,i give these books for the founding of a college in this colony4 ,this produced a profound impression upon the clergymen of ,connecticut1 notably upon the graduates of ,harvard4 ,the first year the college was nominally located at ,saybrook1 but as there was only one student he lived with the president at ,killingworth1 now ,clinton1 nine miles away4 ,when ,jonathan ,edwards1 a lad of twelve1 entered college1 there had been1 all told1 only about fifty graduates4 ,it was during the time that he was a student that the college took the name of ,yale4 ,the first year he was there the college was in three places at the same time because of dissensions among the students1 and the very small class graduated in two places because neither faction would go to the other place4 ,in all these agitations ,mr4 ,edwards took no part4 ,he simply devoted himself to his studies and followed the line of least resistance so far as taking sides in a senseless controversy was concerned4 ,after graduation he remained at ,yale two years for post-graduate work1 mostly in theology1 and then accepted an invitation to preach for the leading ,presbyterian church in ,new ,york ,city2 but after eight months he returned to ,yale as a tutor and remained two years4 ,at this time he was very severe in discipline1 bending every energy to securing the right conditions for the most and best work4 ,this is what he wrote in his diary when he was twenty-one3 ,by a sparingness in diet1 and eating1 as much as may be1 what is light and easy of digestion1 ,i shall doubtless be able to think more clearly1 and shall gain time3 #a4 ,by lengthening out my life4 #b4 ,shall need less time for digestion after meals4 #c4 ,shall be able to study more closely1 without injury to my health4 #d4 ,shall need less time for sleep4 #e4 ,shall more seldom be troubled with the headache4 ,mr4 ,edwards was twenty-three years of age when he was ordained at ,northampton as associate pastor with his grandfather ,stoddard1 then in his #hdth year1 and the #edth year of his pastorate4 ,soon after this ,mr4 ,stoddard died and ,mr4 ,edwards became pastor in full charge and remained for twenty-five years4 ,he was a great student and thinker4 ,he rose at four o'clock and spent thirteen hours a day in his study4 ,it is worth while to follow the personal intellectual habits of the man whose descendants we are to study4 ,when he was ready for the consideration of a great subject he would set apart a week for it and mounting his horse early ,monday morning would start off for the hills and forests4 ,when he had thought himself up to a satisfactory intensity he would alight1 fasten his horse1 go off into the woods and think himself through that particular stage of the argument1 then he would pin a bit of paper on some particular place on his coat as a reminder of the conclusion he had reached4 ,he would then ride on some miles further and repeat the experience4 ,not infrequently he would be gone the entire week on a thinking expedition1 returning with the front of his coat covered with the scalps of intellectual victories4 ,without stopping for any domestic salutations he would go at once to his study and taking off these bits of paper in the same order in which he had put them on would carefully write out his argument4 ,in nothing did ,jonathan ,edwards stand out so clearly as boy1 youth and man as in his sacrifice of every other feature of his life for the attainment of power as a thinker4 ,mr4 ,edwards has gone into history as a theologian of the most stalwart character4 ,it is undeniable that he preached the most terrific doctrine ever uttered by an ,american leader1 but this was only the logical result of the intellectual projection of his effort to make sacrifices in order to benefit humanity4 ,as a child he sacrificed everything for health and virtue that he might have influence1 and as a man he knew no other plan or purpose in life4 ,his masterpiece is upon the will which he developed to the full in himself4 ,the greatest religious awakening that the ,western world has ever known was started in his church at ,northampton1 not over ecclesiastical differences1 or theological discussion but over a question of morality among the young people of the town4 ,it had to do with the impropriety of the young ladies entertaining their gentlemen friends on ,sunday evenings and especially of their allowing them to remain to such unreasonable hours4 ,and the issue which ultimately drove him from his pastorate1 after twenty-five years of service1 by an almost unanimous vote was not one of ecclesiasticism or theology1 but of morals among the young people4 ,he insisted upon vigorous action in relation to the loose and as he thought immoral reading of the youth of the town4 ,as this involved some prominent families he had to retire from the pastorate4 ,the views of ,mr4 ,edwards on pastoral work reveal the singleness of purpose of the man as a student and thinker4 ,he never made pastoral calls4 ,he had no criticism to make of those pastors who had talent for entertaining people by occasional calls1 but as he had no gifts in that direction he regarded it advisable to use his time in cultivating such talents as he had4 ,whoever wished to talk with him about personal1 moral or religious conditions found in him a profitable counsellor4 ,in his preaching1 which was equal to anything ,america has ever known1 he made no attempt to win his hearers by tricks of oratory or by emotional appeals1 though he had a most fascinating personality4 ,he was six feet in height1 slender in form1 with a high1 broad forehead1 eyes piercing and luminous and a serene countenance4 ,in the pulpit he was graceful1 easy1 natural and earnest1 though he had little action4 ,he rested his left elbow on the pulpit and held his manuscript in his left hand while with his right he turned the leaves4 ,in him were combined the intellectual and moral vigor which are calculated to make the progenitor of a great family4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,the ,,children',s ,,start ,,in ,,life ,the eleven children of ,jonathan ,edwards had an unenviable start in life so far as their environment was concerned4 ,the oldest was still in her teens when serious trouble arose in the parish at ,northampton4 ,mr4 ,edwards was pastor at ,northampton for twenty-five years1 and a more fruitful pastorate or a more glorious ministerial career for a quarter of a century no man could ask4 ,he made that church on the frontier the largest ,protestant church in the world1 and it was the most influential as well as the best known4 ,there began the greatest religious awakening of modern times4 ,in his church1 resulting from his preaching1 began a revival which stirred into activity every church in ,massachusetts1 every church in the colonies1 and most of the ,protestant churches of ,great ,britain and ,europe4 ,after this long and eminently successful pastorate1 ,mr4 ,edwards preached a sermon about the reading and conversation of young people upon subjects of questionable propriety1 which led to such local excitement that upon the recommendation of an ecclesiastical council he was dismissed by a vote of #bjj to #bj1 and the town voted that he be not permitted on any occasion to preach or lecture in the church4 ,mr4 ,edwards was wholly unprepared financially for this unusual ecclesiastical and civic action4 ,he had no other means of earning a living1 so that1 until donations began to come in from far and near1 ,mrs4 ,edwards1 at the age of forty1 the mother of eleven children with the youngest less than a year old1 was obliged to take in work for the support of the family4 ,after a little time ,mr4 ,edwards secured a small mission charge in an ,indian village where there were twelve white and #aej ,indian families4 ,here he remained eight years in quiet until1 a few weeks before his death1 he was called to the presidency and pastorate of ,princeton1 then a young and small college4 ,the last four years of their life at ,northampton were indescribably trying to the children4 ,human nature was the same then as now1 and everyone knows how heavily the public dislike of a prominent man bears upon his children4 ,the conventionalities which keep adults within bound in speech and action are unknown to children1 and what the parents say behind a clergyman's back1 children say to his children's face4 ,this period of childhood social horror ended only by removal to a missionary parsonage among the ,stockbridge ,indians1 where they lived for eight years4 ,their playmates were ,indian children and youth4 ,half the children of the family talked the ,indian language as well and almost as much as they did the ,english language4 ,in the years of aspiration these children were away from all society life and educational institutions1 in the home of a poor missionary family among ,indians when ,indian wars were a reality4 ,when ,mr4 ,edwards accepted gratefully this mission church his oldest child1 a daughter1 was twenty-two1 his youngest son was less than a year old4 ,all of the boys and three of the girls were under twelve years of age when they went to the ,indian village1 and all but one were under twenty4 ,when their missionary home was broken up five of them were still under twenty1 so that the children's inheritance was not of wealth1 of literary or scholastic environment1 or of cultured or advantageous society4 ,everything tends to show how completely ,mr4 ,edwards' sons and daughters were left to develop and improve their inheritance of intellectual1 moral1 and religious aspiration4 ,in these years ,mr4 ,edwards was writing the works which will make him famous for centuries4 ,one of the daughters married ,rev4 ,aaron ,burr1 the president of ,princeton1 then a very small institution4 ,upon the death of this son-in-law1 ,mr4 ,edwards was chosen to succeed him1 but while at ,princeton1 before he had fairly entered upon his duties at the college1 he died of smallpox4 ,his widowed daughter1 who cared for him1 died a few days later leaving two children1 and his widow1 who came for the grandchildren1 soon followed the husband and daughter to the better land4 ,mr4 ,edwards died at fifty-six1 and his widow a few weeks later4 ,both died away from home1 for the family was still among the ,stockbridge ,indians4 ,the oldest son was but twenty1 and there were five children younger than he4 ,the youngest son was eight and the other only thirteen4 ,to make the picture more clear it must be understood that to these six orphans1 under twenty-one1 there came at the time of their father's and mother's deaths two little orphans aged four and two respectively1 ,sarah ,burr and her brother ,aaron4 ,here was a large family from which father and mother1 older sister and brother-in-law had been taken almost at a single blow1 with two extra orphans to care for4 ,and with all this there was no adequate financial inheritance4 ,the inventory of ,jonathan ,edwards' property is interesting4 ,among the live stock1 which included horses and cows1 was a slave upon whom a moderate value was placed4 ,the slave was named ,titus1 and he was rated under quick stock and not live stock1 at a value of #aej4 ,the silver was inventoried as a tankard valued at #fj1 a can and porringer at #dg1 and various other articles valued at #he4 ,the chief material legacy was his library1 which was inventoried as consisting of #cja volumes1 #ecf pamphlets1 forty-eight maps1 thirty unpublished manuscripts and #a1jgd manuscript sermons prepared for the printer4 ,it was valued at #dae4 ,if ,jonathan ,edwards did not leave a large financial legacy1 he did impart to his children an intellectual capacity and vigor1 moral character1 and devotion to training which have projected themselves through eight generations without losing the strength and force of their great ancestor4 ,of the three sons and eight daughters of ,jonathan ,edwards there was not one1 nor a husband or wife of one1 whose character and ability1 whose purpose and achievement were not a credit to this godly man4 ,of the seventy-five grandchildren1 with their husbands and wives1 there was but one for whom an apology may be offered1 and nearly every one was exceptionally strong in scholarship and moral force4 ,we have paused long enough on the threshold of the descendants of ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,we have seen the estimate in which he was held by his contemporaries at home and abroad1 and by close students of the history of his times4 ,we have seen what he inherited and by what training and in what environment he was developed4 ,we have also seen the terrible strain to which his children were subjected in childhood from lack of school privileges and pleasing social conditions4 ,it remains to be seen what kind of men and women these children became with childhood disadvantages1 but with a grand inheritance and the best of home training4 ,remember the size1 ages1 and financial condition of the family when the father died--the sons being aged eight1 thirteen and twenty--and then consider the fact that the three sons graduated from ,princeton1 and five of the daughters married college graduates1 three of them of ,yale and one each of ,harvard and ,princeton4 ,a man might well be content to die without lands or gold when eight sons and sons-in-laws were to be men of such capacity1 character1 and training as are found in this family4 ,they were not merely college graduates1 but they were eminent men4 ,one held the position of president of ,princeton and one of ,union ,college1 four were judges1 two were members of the ,continental ,congress1 one was a member of the governor's council in ,massachusetts1 one was a member of the ,massachusetts war commission in the ,revolutionary war1 one was a state senator1 one was president of the ,connecticut house of representatives1 three were officers in the ,revolutionary war1 one was a member of the famous constitutional convention out of which the ,united ,states was born1 one was an eminent divine and pastor of the historic ,north church of ,new ,haven1 and one was the first grand master of the ,grand ,lodge of ,masons in ,connecticut4 ,this by no means exhausts the useful and honorable official positions occupied by the eight sons and sons-in-law of ,jonathan ,edwards1 and it makes no account of their writings1 of noted trials that they conducted1 but it gives some hint of the pace which ,mr4 ,edwards' children set for the succeeding generations4 ,it should be said that the daughters were every way worthy of distinguished husbands1 and it ought also to be said that the wives of the sons were worthy of these men in intellectual force and moral qualities4 ,contrast this group of sixteen men and women with the five sons of ,max and the women with whom they lived4 ,in this group there was not a strain of industry1 virtue1 or scholarship4 ,they were licentious1 ignorant1 profane1 lacking ambition to keep them out of poverty and crime4 ,they drifted into whatever it was easiest to do or to be4 ,midday and midnight1 heaven and its opposite1 present no sharper contrasts than the children and the children-in-law of ,jonathan ,edwards and of ,max4 ,the two men were born in rural communities1 they both lived on the frontier2 but the one was born in a ,christian home1 was the son of a clergyman1 of a highly educated man who took the highest honors ,harvard could give1 was himself highly educated in home1 school1 and at ,yale ,college1 always associated with pure-minded1 earnest persons1 and devoted his thought and activity to benefiting mankind4 ,max was the opposite of all this4 ,there is no knowledge of his childhood or of his parentage4 ,he was not bad1 as bad men go2 he was jolly1 could tell a good story1 though they were always off color1 could trap unwary animals skillfully1 was a fairly good shot2 but no one was the better for anything that he ever said1 thought1 or did4 ,jollity1 shiftlessness1 and lack of purpose in one man have given to the world a family of #a1bjj1 mostly paupers and criminals2 while ,mr4 ,edwards1 who never amused any one1 who was always chaste1 earnest1 and noble1 has given to the world a family of more than #a1djj of the world's noblemen1 who have magnified strength and beauty all over the land1 illustrating grandly these beautiful lines of ,lowell3 ,be noble6 and the nobleness that lies ,in other men1 sleeping1 but never dead1 ,will rise in majesty to meet thine own4 ,,chapter ,v ,,mrs4 ,,edwards ,,and ,,home ,,training ,much of the capacity and talent1 intensity and character of the more than #a1djj of the ,edwards family is due to ,mrs4 ,edwards4 ,none of the brothers or sisters of ,jonathan ,edwards had families with any such marvelous record as his1 and to his wife belongs not a little of the credit4 ,at the age of twenty-four ,mr4 ,edwards was married to ,sarah ,pierrpont1 aged seventeen4 ,she had an inheritance even more refined and vigorous than that of ,mr4 ,edwards4 ,she was descended on her father's side from the choicest of the ,pierrpont family of ,england and ,new ,england4 ,her father was one of the most famous of ,new ,haven clergymen1 one of the principal founders1 and a trustee and lecturer of ,yale ,college4 ,on her mother's side she was a granddaughter of ,rev4 ,thomas ,hooker1 of ,hartford1 the father of the ,connecticut churches1 and one of the grand men in early ,american history4 ,personally1 she was so beautiful and so noble-minded that at the age of thirteen she was known far and near for her ,christian character and exceptional ability4 ,while she was still but thirteen and ,mr4 ,edwards twenty1 he wrote in a purely disinterested way of the remarkable girl3 ,she is of a wonderful sweetness1 calmness1 and universal benevolence of mind4 ,she will sometimes go about from place to place singing sweetly2 and seems to be always full of joy and pleasure2 and no one knows for what4 ,mr4 ,edwards was desirious of being married when he went to ,northampton as associate pastor with his grandfather1 ,dr4 ,stoddard4 ,miss ,pierrpont was only sixteen years of age1 and she declined to be married until she was seventeen4 ,he insisted1 but she persisted in her refusal4 ,mrs4 ,edwards lived in her children4 ,to her husband came honor and glory in his lifetime1 but to her came denial1 toil and care4 ,at eighteen1 this young1 beautiful1 brilliant wife became a mother1 and until she was forty1 there was never a period of two years in which a child was not born to them1 and no one of the eleven children died until after the last child was born4 ,it was a home of little children4 ,her husband had no care for the household and she wished him to have none4 ,it was her insistence that he should have thirteen hours of every twenty-four for his study4 ,whatever may have been the contribution of ,mr4 ,edwards to the inheritance of the family1 they owed the charming environment of the home to their mother4 ,this was a delightful home1 as many persons have testified who knew it4 ,i saw recently the diary of the famous ,george ,whitefield1 where he wrote that he sometimes wondered if it was not the ,lord's will that he should marry1 that he might thereby be more useful1 and that if it was the ,lord's will that he should marry1 he wished to be reconciled thereto1 but he did hope that the ,lord would send him as a wife such a woman as ,mrs4 ,edwards1 whom he considered the most beautiful and noble wife for a ,christian minister that he had ever known4 ,if there be a more charming tribute to woman than this1 ,i have not seen it4 ,in view of the character of her children and their great success in life1 it may be interesting to know how she brought up the children1 of whom there were so many1 and for which the schools did so little4 ,this is the testimony of one who knew of her home life well3 ,she had an excellent way of governing her children2 she knew how to make them regard and obey her cheerfully4 ,she seldom punished them1 and in speaking to them used gentle and pleasant words4 ,when she had occasion to reprove or rebuke1 she would do it in a few words1 without warmth and noise1 and with all calmness and gentleness of mind4 ,in her directions and reproofs of matters of importance1 she would address herself to the reason of her children1 that they might not only know her inclination and will1 but at the same time be convinced of the reasonableness of it4 ,she had need to speak but once and she was obeyed2 murmuring and answering again were not known among them4 ,in their manners they were uncommonly respectful to their parents4 ,when their parents came into the room1 they all rose instinctively from their seats and never resumed them until their parents were seated2 and when either parent was speaking1 no matter with whom they had been conversing1 they were all immediately silent4 ,quarreling and contention were in her family wholly unknown4 ,she carefully observed the first appearance of resentment and ill-will in her young children towards any person whatever1 and did not connive at it1 but was careful to show her displeasure1 and suppress it to the utmost2 yet not by angry1 wrathful words4 ,her system of discipline began at a very early age1 and it was her rule to resist the first1 as well as every subsequent exhibition of temper or disobedience in the child1 however young1 until its will was brought into submission to the will of the parents4 ,it is needless to say that all this added materially to the good inheritance of the children4 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,capacity1 ,,character ,,and ,,training ,in view of what has been learned regarding ,jonathan ,edwards1 his ancestors and his children1 his grandchildren might have found some excuse for presuming upon the capacity and character which they inherited4 ,in their veins was the blood of famous lines of noble men and women2 the blood of ,edwards1 ,stoddard1 ,pierrpont1 and ,hooker was thrilling in their thought and intensifying their character4 ,they had inherited capacity and character at their best1 but they did not presume upon it4 ,if ever inheritance would justify indifference to training1 it was in the case of the grandchildren of ,jonathan ,edwards1 but they were far from indifferent to their responsibility4 ,it must be understood that the family of ,jonathan ,edwards includes not only his descendants1 but the men who married into the family and whose children became descendants of ,mr4 ,edwards4 ,at first this may not seem the proper interpretation1 but there is no other that is legitimate4 ,in the case of the ,jukes ,mr4 ,dugdale includes in the family both the men and the women who married into the family1 but in the case of ,mr4 ,edwards there is no call to include the women who thus came into the family1 and it would have magnified the study needlessly4 ,until quite recently there has been no way to discover the standing of married women in ,american life except as we know the social1 scholastic1 and professional position of their husbands4 ,in most families a son-in-law becomes a representative factor of a family4 ,therefore1 whenever the ,edwards family is spoken of it includes the sons-in-law1 but it does not include the daughters-in-law1 nor does it go beyond ,jonathan ,edwards to include his brothers and sisters or their descendants4 ,the ,jukes had no inherited capacity or training upon which they could safely presume4 ,their only chance lay in nursing every germ of hope by means of industry and education1 through the discipline of the shop1 the training of the schools1 and the inspiration of the church4 ,did they appreciate this8 ,far from it4 ,instead of developing capacity by training1 not one of the #a1bjj secured even a moderate education1 and only twenty of them ever had a trade1 and ten of these learned it in the state prison4 ,on the other hand1 although the ,edwards family inherited abundant capacity and character1 every child has been educated from early childhood4 ,not all of the college members of the family have been discovered1 and yet among the men alone ,i have found #bhe graduates and a surprisingly large number of these have supplemented the college course with post-graduate or professional study4 ,just as the ,jukes have intensified their degeneracy by neglect1 the ,edwards family has magnified capacity and character by industry and education4 ,among the #bhe college graduates of the ,edwards family there are thirteen presidents of colleges and other higher institutions of learning1 sixty-five professors of colleges1 and many principals of important academies and seminaries4 ,forty-five ,american and foreign colleges and universities have this family among the alumni4 ,from this family have come presidents for ,yale1 ,princeton1 ,union1 ,hamilton1 ,amherst1 the ,university of ,california1 the ,university of ,tennessee1 the famous ,litchfield 7,conn47 law school1 the ,columbia law school1 and ,andover ,theological ,seminary4 ,among these are such men as ,president ,timothy ,dwight1 ,yale1 #agid-ahag2 ,theodore ,dwight ,woolsey1 ,yale1 #ahdf-ga2 ,timothy ,dwight1 ,yale1 #ahhf-ig2 ,jonathan ,edwards 7,jr471 ,union1 #agii-ahja2 ,daniel ,c4 ,gilman1 ,johns ,hopkins2 ,merrill ,e4 ,gates1 ,amherst2 and ,edwards ,a4 ,park1 ,andover4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,aaron ,,burr ,undoubtedly some readers are already impatient at the delay in dealing with ,aaron ,burr4 ,there was a time when it was the fashion to refer to ,colonel ,burr as sufficiently infamous to prove that heredity was of no appreciable value4 ,as a matter of fact it is rather refreshing to have one upon whom the imagination can play4 ,it simply intensifies the white light of the rest of the record4 ,colonel ,burr was not a saint after the model presented by his father1 the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,aaron ,burr1 the godly president of ,princeton2 by his grandfather1 ,jonathan ,edwards2 or by at least #a1cid of the other members of the family of ,mr4 ,edwards4 ,there is no purpose to give him saintly enthronement1 but it may not be amiss to suggest that the abuse of him has been overdone4 ,colonel ,aaron ,burr died at eighty after thirty years of the worst treatment ever meted out to a man against whom the bitterest enemies and the most brilliant legal talent could bring no charge that would stand in the eyes of the law4 ,i have no purpose to lessen the verdict of prejudice1 for the study of the ,edwards family is all the more fascinating because of one such meteor of error4 ,it must be confessed1 however1 that a study of the last thirty years of ,colonel ,burr's life makes one more exasperated with human nature under a political whip than with ,colonel ,burr's mistake4 ,at forty-nine ,aaron ,burr was one of the most brilliant1 most admired1 and beloved men in the ,united ,states4 ,for thirty years his had been a career with few ,american parallels4 ,he had but one real and intense enemy1 and that man had hated him all those years4 ,alexander ,hamilton had never missed an opportunity to vilify ,mr4 ,burr1 and his attack had never been resented4 ,calmly had ,aaron ,burr pursued his upward and onward course1 simply smiling at the vituperation of ,hamilton4 ,could those two men have agreed1 they would have been the greatest leaders any nation ever had4 ,their hatred was as expensive as was that of ,blaine and ,conklin in after years4 ,every age must have a political scapegoat1 one upon whose head is placed symbolically the sins of the period1 and after he is sent into the wilderness of obscurity it becomes a social and political crime to befriend him4 ,there have been several such in our country's history1 and there will be others4 ,aaron ,burr suffered more than any other simply because the glory from which he departed was greater4 ,on ,march #b1 #ahje1 ,aaron ,burr1 vice-president of the ,united ,states1 and president of the senate1 retired from the chair two days before his term expired4 ,he made a farewell address1 which produced a greater impression upon that body than any other words ever spoken there4 ,every senator was weeping1 and for a long time no one could leave his seat or propose any business4 ,it was a sight for the nation to look upon and wonder4 ,for fourteen years he had been one of the most conspicuous members of that body4 ,aaron ,burr's ultimate ruin was wrought by his colonization experiment in ,louisiana4 ,in popular opinion1 there was something traitorous in that unsuccessful venture of his4 ,in #ahje ,mr4 ,burr paid #ej1jjj for #djj1jjj acres of land which had been purchased of ,spain in #ahjj1 before it passed to ,france and then to the ,united ,states in #ahjc4 ,of the motive of ,colonel ,burr we must always be ignorant2 that he was not guilty of any crime in connection therewith we are certain1 for the highest tribunal of the land acquitted him4 ,president ,jefferson and the entire political force of the administration were bent upon his conviction1 but ,chief ,justice ,marshall1 as capable1 honorable1 and incorruptible a jurist as the country has known1 would not have it so4 ,unfortunately1 the brilliant arraignment by ,william ,wirt was printed and read for half a century1 while the calm rulings of ,chief ,justice ,marshall never went beyond the court room4 ,why did a man of his capabilities1 upon retirement from the vice-presidency1 attempt1 at fifty years of age to start life anew under such unpromising conditions8 ,because he was suddenly politically and professionally ruined4 ,ruined because he had killed ,alexander ,hamilton in a duel4 ,why did he do it8 ,it is a long story4 ,to make it intelligent1 his life must be reviewed4 ,after a brilliant military career1 which began when he was nineteen and left him an heroic colonel1 he studied law and practiced in ,albany4 ,at the age of twenty-eight he was a leader in the ,new ,york legislature1 and was chairman of the most important committees1 always with the people1 against the aristocracy--an unpardonable mistake in those times4 ,at thirty-four he was attorney-general of the state1 and his great decisions were accepted by all other states4 ,at thirty-four he established the ,manhattan bank of ,new ,york city4 ,he was the only man with the ability or courage to find a way to establish a bank for the people1 and the solidity of that institution for a hundred years is an all-sufficient vindication of his plan4 ,at thirty-five he was appointed and confirmed as a supreme court judge of ,new ,york state1 but he declined the honor1 and was the same year elected to the ,united ,states senate4 ,he was re-elected1 serving in all fourteen years4 ,at the second presidential election ,senator ,burr received one vote in the electoral college1 at the third he received thirty1 and in the fourth received seventy-three4 ,jefferson also received seventy-three and the election was thrown into the house4 ,this was in #ahjj and ,mr4 ,burr was forty-years of age4 ,the choice lay with ,new ,york1 which could be carried by no man but ,aaron ,burr4 ,alexander ,hamilton was the leader of the ,federalists4 ,he also was of ,new ,york4 ,it was a battle of the giants4 ,these two men measured swords4 ,the presidency of the ,united ,states was the prize both parties--the ,federalists and the ,democrats--were seeking4 ,new ,york had always been with the ,federalists4 ,in this great struggle it went against ,hamilton and for ,burr4 ,this ended the political career of ,hamilton1 and would have done so had he lived longer4 ,he was one of ,america's greatest statesmen1 but one of the poorest politicians4 ,no one could get along with him but ,washington1 and when he died the political end of ,hamilton came4 ,jefferson and ,burr each received seventy-three votes for president1 and ,adams received sixty-five4 ,new ,york had twelve votes1 so that if she had remained with the ,federalist candidate ,adams1 he would have won1 seventy-seven to sixty-one4 ,this defeat angered ,hamilton beyond endurance4 ,he and ,burr had been deadly rivals for thirty years1 first for the love of woman1 then for military preferment1 and later in the political arena4 ,when ,burr established the ,manhattan bank1 ,hamilton's brother-in-law1 inspired by ,hamilton1 attacked ,burr's motive1 with the result of a duel in which neither was harmed4 ,notwithstanding ,hamilton's greatness1 he was always in trouble with men and women4 ,he never ceased his abuse of ,burr1 whose election as senator angered him4 ,later1 when ,burr was the choice of congress as minister to ,paris1 backed especially by ,madison and ,monroe1 ,hamilton succeeded in compassing his defeat4 ,again1 when ,adams had decided upon some important appointment for ,burr1 ,hamilton succeeded in defeating him4 ,this made ,burr's promotion to the vice-presidency and his own downfall the more exasperating to ,hamilton4 ,four years passed4 ,burr won high honor as president of the senate1 and the party nominated him for governor of ,new ,york with practical unanimity4 ,this was too much for ,hamilton1 who had nothing to lose by indulging his enmity to the full4 ,the campaign against ,burr was one of the basest on record4 ,it was one of vilification4 ,being vice-president1 he was at a disadvantage when it came to conducting the campaign1 and he was defeated4 ,there were many features of this campaign that were peculiarly annoying to ,burr1 and for the second time in his life he resorted to the duel1 and ,hamilton was killed4 ,had ,burr died in that hour1 history would have a different place for him as well as for ,hamilton1 but in his death ,hamilton was glorified4 ,the most preposterous stories1 such as his firing into the air1 were invented and believed4 ,the time and the conditions were as bad as they could be for ,burr4 ,the ,north never condoned a duel that ended fatally1 and then less than ever4 ,i have no word of apology to offer for the duel4 ,it was weakness1 as it always is1 and from it came all the ills that befell ,aaron ,burr4 ,censure him all you choose1 and then look at the conditions of his childhood and wonder that he lived to fifty years of age before the lack of early care brought forth its fruit4 ,aaron ,burr received as good an intellectual and moral legacy as any one of the #a1djj of the ,edwards family4 ,his father and mother1 grandfather and grandmother would have given him as good an environment and training as any one of them enjoyed1 but--his father died before he was two years old1 and his mother1 grandfather1 and grandmother died when he was two years old1 and he and his sister1 four years old1 went to live with his oldest uncle1 ,timothy ,edwards1 who was only twenty4 ,this uncle was also bringing up two younger brothers aged eight and thirteen1 and three young sisters4 ,while ,timothy ,edwards made an eminently worthy citizen and reared a family of noble sons and daughters1 he was not prepared at nineteen to support so many younger children and give a two-year-old boy the attention that he needed4 ,at twelve years of age ,aaron ,burr went to college1 and after this time he never had even the apology of a home1 indeed he never had a home such as his nature demanded4 ,there are three pictures of the child which satisfy me that the right training would have enabled ,aaron ,burr to go into history as the noblest ,roman of them all4 ,at four years of age he was at school1 where the treatment was so severe that he ran away from school and home and could not be found for three days4 ,at seven years of age he was up in a cherry tree when a very prim and disagreeable spinster came to call1 and he indulged in the childish luxury of throwing cherries at her4 ,she sought ,uncle ,timothy1 who took the seven-year-old child into the house1 gave him a long and severe lecture1 offered a long prayer of warning1 and then licked me like a sack4 ,at ten years of age he ran away from the severity of his uncle1 and went to ,new ,york and shipped as cabin boy4 ,his uncle followed him1 and when the little fellow saw him he went to the top of the masthead and refused to come down until his uncle agreed not to punish him4 ,it is easy to see that his uncle aroused in him all the characteristics that should have been calmed1 and gave him none of that care which father or mother would have provided him4 ,at twelve he entered ,princeton1 and graduated with honors at sixteen4 ,college life had its temptations1 but he conducted himself with unusual decorum1 and upon graduation went to study with an eminent clergyman4 ,apparently he expected to enter the ministry1 but the theology of ,dr4 ,bellamy did not commend itself to him1 and even less did the spirit with which the theologian met his queries1 so that for the remaining sixty odd years of life he would not talk about theology4 ,here was a brilliant lad1 fresh from college1 with the inheritance of ,burr and ,edwards1 who might have been led into a glorious career1 but was instead repelled1 and went back to his uncle's home1 with no profession and no plan for life1 with no one to advise him4 ,the battle of ,bunker hill aroused ,burr to patriotic purpose1 and1 though but nineteen1 he started for ,cambridge to enlist4 ,he was stricken with fever1 however1 and before he was recovered he heard of ,arnold's proposed expedition to ,quebec1 and1 though he had better be in bed1 he took his musket and walked to ,newburyport1 #cj miles1 in season to ship with the troops4 ,two men were there ahead of him awaiting his arrival with instructions from his uncle to bring him back to ,new ,jersey4 ,this was too much for young ,burr1 who did not recognize the right of his uncle to interfere1 and he expressed his mind so vigorously as to command the admiration of the soldiers and arouse the fears of the two messengers1 who returned without him4 ,this was the last of his uncle's interference4 ,who that reads of the childhood life of this orphan can wonder that he lacked patience under the severe reverse of political fortune at fifty years of age8 ,that he is the one illustrious exception among the #a1djj need cause no surprise4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,contrasts ,it has already been emphasized that the ,jukes always mingled blood of their own quality in their descendants1 and that the ,edwards family has invariably chosen blood of the same general tone and force4 ,who can think for a moment that the ,jukes would have remained on so low a level if the ,edwards blood had been mixed with theirs1 or that the ,edwards would have retained their intellectual supremacy if they had married into the ,jukes4 ,the fact is that in #aej years the ,jukes never did mingle first-class blood with their own1 and the ,edwards family has not in #aej years degenerated through marriage4 ,it is pre-eminently true that a mighty intellectual and moral force does plough the channel of its thought and character through many generations4 ,it would be well for any doubter to study the records of thoroughbreds in the animal world4 ,the highest record ever made for milk and butter was by an animal of no family1 and she was valuable only for what she could earn4 ,none of her power went to her offspring4 ,she was simply a high-toned freak1 but an animal with a clean pedigree back to some great progenitor is valuable independently of individual earning qualities4 ,no more would any one claim that the ,jukes would not have been immensely improved by education and environment1 or that the ,edwards family could have maintained its record without education1 training1 and environment4 ,the facts show that the ,jukes first1 last1 and all the time neglected these advantages1 and that the ,edwards family1 with all its intermarrying1 has never neglected them4 ,the ,jukes were notorious law breakers1 while the ,edwards family has furnished practically no lawbreakers1 and a great array of more than #ajj lawyers1 thirty judges1 and the most eminent law professor probably in the country4 ,james ,bryce in his comments upon ,america places one of this family at the head of legal learning on this continent4 ,this was ,theodore ,william ,dwight1 ,,ll4,d41 born in ,new ,haven1 ,july #ah1 #ahbb2 graduated from ,hamilton ,college1 #ahdj2 professor there #ahdb-eh4 ,in #aheh he went to ,columbia ,college1 organized the law school and was its president for thirty-three years4 ,some of the most eminent official city attorneys of ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york and ,chicago have been found in this family4 ,ex-,governor ,hoadley1 of ,ohio1 a descendant of ,jonathan ,edwards1 is now the head of perhaps the leading law firm of ,new ,york ,city or of the country4 ,when one studies the legal side of the family it seems as though they were instinctively and chiefly lawyers and judges4 ,it simply means that whatever the ,edwards family has done it has done ably and nobly4 ,there is no greater test of intellectual majesty than that which the practice of law puts upon a man4 ,when ,james ,bryce pays his grand tribute to ,dr4 ,theodore ,w4 ,dwight1 president of ,columbia ,college law school1 it signifies more intellectually than to have said that he was president of the ,united ,states4 ,none of the ,jukes had the equivalent of a common school education1 while there are few of the ,edwards family that have not had more than that4 ,few were satisfied with less than academy or seminary if they did not go to college4 ,there is not a leading college in the country in which their names are not to be found recorded4 ,they have not only furnished thirteen college presidents and a hundred and more professors1 but they have founded many important academies and seminaries in ,new ,haven and ,brooklyn1 all through the ,new ,england states1 and in the ,middle1 ,western1 and ,southern states4 ,they have contributed liberally to college endowments4 ,one gave a quarter of a million as an endowment for ,yale4 ,in ,yale alone have been more than #abj graduates4 ,among these are nearly twenty ,dwights1 nearly as many ,edwards1 seven ,woolseys1 eight ,porters1 five ,johnsons1 four ,ingersolls1 and several of most of the following names3 ,chapin1 ,winthrop1 ,shoemaker1 ,hoadley1 ,lewis1 ,mathers1 ,reeve1 ,rowland1 ,carmalt1 ,devereaux1 ,weston1 ,heermance1 ,whitney1 ,blake1 ,collier1 ,scarborough1 ,yardley1 ,gilman1 ,raymond1 ,wood1 ,morgan1 ,bacon1 ,ward1 ,foote1 ,cornelius1 ,shepards1 ,bristed1 ,wickerham1 ,doubleday1 ,van ,volkenberg1 ,robbins1 ,tyler1 ,miller1 ,lyman1 ,pierpont1 and ,churchill1 the author of ,richard ,carvel1 is a recent graduate4 ,in ,amherst at one time there were of this family ,president ,gates and ,professors ,mather1 ,tyler1 and ,todd4 ,wherever found they are leaders even in college faculties4 ,those who know what ,gates1 ,mather1 ,tyler1 and ,todd have stood for as president and professors of ,amherst will appreciate what ,jonathan ,edwards' blood has done for this college4 ,of the ,jukes1 #ddj were more or less viciously diseased4 ,the ,edwards family was healthy and long lived4 ,of the eleven children of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,edwards1 four lived to be more than seventy years of age1--seventy-three1 seventy-five1 seventy-seven and seventy-nine1--and three others were fifty1 fifty-six1 and sixty-three4 ,only one died unmarried1 none died in childhood4 ,the record for health and longevity continues through every generation4 ,they have also done much to alleviate the sufferings of mankind4 ,there have been sixty physicians1 all marked men4 ,dr4 ,richard ,smith ,dewey was an eminent surgeon in the ,franco-,prussian war1 having charge of the ,prussian hospital at ,hesse ,cassel4 ,dr4 ,sereno ,edwards ,dwight was a physician and surgeon in the ,british regular army4 ,the physicians of the family have had important connection with insane asylums and hospitals4 ,the legislative action of ,new ,york1 by which the first insane asylum of the state was built1 was largely the result of a physician of this family4 ,the medical superintendent of the ,illinois state insane asylum was another of the family4 ,eminent names in the medical annals of ,san ,francisco1 ,chicago1 ,detroit1 ,new ,york1 ,boston1 and other cities can be traced to ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,the ,jukes neglected all religious privileges1 defied and antagonized the church and all that it stands for1 while the ,edwards family has more than a #ajj clergymen1 missionaries1 and theological professors1 many of the most eminent in the country's history4 ,america has had no more brilliant preachers and theologians than some of those that bear the names of ,edwards1 ,dwight1 ,woolsey1 ,park1 ,ingersoll4 ,there have been no more noted missionaries than this family has sent for faithful and successful work in ,asia ,minor1 ,india1 ,africa1 ,china1 ,hawaii1 and the ,south ,sea islands4 ,dwight's famous five volumes on theology are a product of a worthy descendant of ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,edwards ,a4 ,park1 the longtime head of ,andover theological seminary1 whose vigor of thought1 keenness of logic1 and pulpit power are unsurpassed1 was a descendant of ,mr4 ,edwards4 ,the family has furnished several army chaplains and one eminent chaplain of the ,united ,states senate4 ,they have made many churches prominent for the vigor of their pulpit utterances4 ,the famous ,second church1 ,portland1 ,park street church of ,boston1 and many in ,new ,haven and other ,connecticut cities and towns as well as many churches in the ,middle and ,western ,states owe much to the descendants of ,mr4 ,edwards4 ,not one of the ,jukes was ever elected to a public office1 while more than eighty of the family of ,jonathan ,edwards have been especially honored4 ,legislatures in all sections of the country1 governor's councils1 state treasuries1 and other elective offices have been filled by these men4 ,they have been mayors of ,new ,haven1 ,cleveland1 and ,troy2 governors of ,connecticut1 ,ohio1 and ,south ,carolina2 they have been prominent in the ,continental congress1 in the constitutional conventions of ,massachusetts1 ,connecticut1 ,new ,york1 ,ohio1 ,illinois1 and ,wisconsin4 ,they have represented the ,united ,states at several foreign courts2 several have been members of congress2 three have been ,united ,states senators1 and one vice-president of the ,united ,states4 ,the ,jukes lacked the physical and moral courage1 as well as the patriotic purpose1 to enlist1 but there were seventy-five officers in the army and navy from the family of ,mr4 ,edwards4 ,this family has been prominent as officers1 chaplains1 or surgeons1 in the army and navy in the three great wars4 ,in the ,civil war they were at ,shiloh1 ,new ,orleans1 and with the ,red river expedition1 at ,fort ,fisher and ,newbern1 at ,big ,bethel1 ,antietam1 and ,gettysburg1 on ,lookout mountain with ,hooker1 with ,sheridan in the ,shenandoah1 and were on the march to the sea with ,sherman4 ,one spinster of the family residing in ,detroit expressed much regret that she had no husband4 ,the reason she gave1 however1 was highly complimentary to the sterner sex1--because she had no husband to send to the ,civil war4 ,having none1 she paid the regulation bounty and had a man in the service of her country for three years in lieu of the husband she would have sent if she had had one4 ,the ,jukes were as far removed as possible from literature4 ,they not only never created any1 but they never read anything that could by any stretch of the imagination be styled good reading4 ,in the ,edwards family some sixty have attained prominence in authorship or editorial life4 ,richard ,carvel1 is by ,mr4 ,winston ,churchill1 a descendant of ,mr4 ,edwards1 and ,i have found #ace books of merit written by the family4 ,eighteen considerable journals and periodicals have been edited and several important ones founded by the ,edwards family4 ,the ,jukes did not wander far from the haunts of ,max4 ,they stagnated like the motionless pool1 while the ,edwards family is a prominent factor in the mercantile1 industrial1 and professional life of thirty-three states of the union and in several foreign countries1 in ninety-two ,american and many foreign cities4 ,they have been pre-eminently directors of men4 ,the ,pacific steamship line and fifteen ,american railway systems have had as president1 superintendent1 or otherwise active in the management one of this family4 ,many large banks1 banking houses1 and insurance companies have been directed by them4 ,they have been owners or superintendents of large coal mines in ,pennsylvania and ,west ,virginia1 of large iron plants and vast oil interests in ,pennsylvania1 and of silver mines in ,nevada4 ,there is scarcely any great ,american industry that has not had one of this family among its chief promoters4 ,eli ,whitney of cotton-gin fame married a granddaughter of ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,prison reform has found its leading advocates in this family4 ,wilberforce's best ,american friend was of this fold1 and ,garibaldi valued one of the family above all other ,american supporters4 ,whatever the ,jukes stand for1 the ,edwards family does not4 ,whatever weakness the ,jukes represent finds its antidote in the ,edwards family1 which has cost the country nothing in pauperism1 in crime1 in hospital or asylum service4 ,on the contrary1 it represents the highest usefulness in invention1 manufacture1 commerce1 founding of asylums and hospitals1 establishing and developing missions1 projecting and energizing the best philanthropies4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,timothy ,,edwards ,to make more clear1 if possible1 the persistence of intellectual activity and moral virtue1 let us study samples of the family4 ,take for instance the eldest son1 ,timothy4 ,he was a member of and leader in the famous ,massachusetts council of war in the ,revolution1 a colonel in the militia1 and a judge4 ,his descendants have been leaders in ,binghamton1 ,pittsburg1 ,indianapolis1 ,bangor1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,northampton1 ,new ,bedford1 ,san ,francisco1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,haven1 and many other cities and towns in ,new ,england1 ,new ,york1 ,pennsylvania1 ,west ,virginia1 and ,ohio4 ,from his descendants a ,connecticut town1 ,chaplin1 is named2 ,newark1 ,ohio1 had a long-time principal1 ,jonathan ,e4 ,chaplin2 ,andover ,theological ,seminary had one of its most famous treasurers1 ,samuel ,farrar2 the ,american board of missions had one of its grandest leaders and secretaries1 ,dr4 ,elias ,cornelius2 the ,american ,baptist ,missionary ,union had one of its eminent secretaries1 ,dr4 ,solomon ,peck2 the ,american ,missionary ,association had as its great treasurer1 ,w4,e4 ,whiting2 the famous young ladies' seminary of ,lenox1 ,mass41 had for thirty years its great principal1 ,elizabeth ,sedgwick2 ,boston had a prominent lawyer1 a graduate of ,harvard1 ,william ,minot2 ,st4 ,louis had a leading lawyer1 ,william ,d4 ,sedgwick2 ,antietam had in the list of killed the gallant ,major ,sedgwick2 ,san ,francisco recorded among her distinguished sons the long-time superintendent of the ,pacific mail steamship company2 the ,united ,states navy counted as one of her able officers a surgeon1 ,dr4 ,george ,hopkins2 ,amherst had as her most famous instructor ,professor ,w4,s4 ,tyler1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 at the head of the ,greek department for half a century2 she also has the present brilliant professor of biology1 ,john ,m4 ,tyler2 ,sheridan had as a brilliant colonel in the grand ride of the ,shenandoah ,colonel ,m4,w4 ,tyler2 invention claims the discoverer of the ,turbine wheel1 ,w4,w4 ,tyler2 ,knox ,college has claimed as a leader at one time1 as has ,smith at another1 ,professor ,henry ,h4 ,tyler4 ,a detailed study of the family of the eldest son is suggestive4 ,he was the sixth child1 born in ,northampton1 #agch1 when the father was thirty-five and the mother twenty-eight4 ,he was but twenty years old when the father and mother died and the care of the family devolved upon him4 ,he had graduated from ,princeton the previous year but the responsibility of a large family prevented his entering upon professional life4 ,two years after the death of his father he married and removed to ,elizabethtown1 ,n4,j41 where he resided for ten years4 ,in #aggj he returned to ,stockbridge1 ,mass4 ,berkshire county was still on the frontier and was sparsely settled4 ,the store which ,mr4 ,edwards opened in #aggj was the first in the county4 ,the settlers raised wheat on the newly cleared land4 ,this ,mr4 ,edwards bought and sent to ,new ,york1 bringing back goods in return4 ,in five years he became the most prosperous man in the county1 buying and clearing a very large farm on which he employed as many as fifty men in the busy season4 ,the outbreak of the ,revolutionary struggle was a most inopportune time for ,timothy ,edwards2 but for that he would have become one of the wealthiest men of his day4 ,all business was suspended and he gave himself to his country's cause with intense devotion4 ,he was at once appointed on a commission with ,general ,schuyler to treat with the ,indians2 was appointed commissary to look after the supply of the army with provisions4 ,from #aggg to #aghj he was a leader in the ,legislature of ,massachusetts2 was elected to the ,continental ,congress with ,john ,hancock and ,john ,adams2 was a colonel in the ,massachusetts militia and a judge of probate4 ,when the war broke out ,timothy ,edwards was worth #bj1jjj1 which he had accumulated in addition to all his other burdens4 ,when the war closed he had nothing1 and was #c1jjj in debt to ,new ,york merchants4 ,to understand what sacrifices he made it must be understood that when the government was in great straits he took #e1jjj of money that was as good as gold and let the government have it1 taking in return money that was of slight value4 ,he also took fifty tons of flour to ,springfield and let the government have it for paper money at par4 ,there were no greater heroes in the ,revolutionary war than such men as ,timothy ,edwards4 ,he was nearly fifty years old when the war closed and he found himself the father of thirteen children and without property or business4 ,full of courage and enterprise he succeeded in supporting his family in comfort and in regaining a substantial property before his death1 which occurred in the midst of the next war1 ,october #bg1 #ahac4 ,it was not an easy thing to educate children in those times4 ,when the ,revolutionary war broke out his oldest child was but thirteen1 and when it ended he had ten children under twenty-one4 ,there were only three books in the schools at ,stockbridge during the war1 ,dilworth's ,spelling ,book and ,arithmetic and the ,book of ,psalms4 ,from these the children of ,timothy ,edwards received their education and that it was a good training subsequent events show4 ,the first born1 a daughter1 married ,benjamin ,chaplin1 ,jr41 a graduate of ,yale 7#aggh71 and for her second husband ,capt4 ,dan ,tyler1 of ,brookline1 ,ct41 a graduate of ,harvard4 ,her second child1 ,edward1 became ,register of ,probate4 ,jonathan1 the second born1 had several children who became prominent in professional and business life4 ,phoebe married ,rev4 ,asahel ,hooker1 an eminent graduate of ,yale1 and for her second husband ,rev4 ,samuel ,farrer1 a graduate of ,harvard1 and for many years treasurer and financial agent of ,andover ,theological ,seminary4 ,her children were noted men and women1 graduates of ,yale and ,dartmouth1 clergymen1 theological professors1 secretary of the ,american ,board of ,foreign ,missions1 and secretary ,american ,baptist ,missionary ,union1 prominent teachers and authors4 ,rhoda ,edwards1 another of ,timothy's daughters1 married ,col4 ,josiah ,dwight1 of ,springfield4 ,among their fifteen children and their descendants are the founder of a famous young ladies' school at ,lenox2 an author of ,spanish ,conquest of ,america1 and five other considerable works2 clerk of supreme court of ,massachusetts2 a ,boston lawyer1 graduate of ,harvard2 an eminent linguist and graduate of ,harvard2 music teacher in ,new ,york ,city1 educated in ,germany2 ,st4 ,louis lawyer1 graduate of ,harvard college and law school1 who studied in ,germany2 major in ,civil war1 wounded at ,antietam2 hospital nurse in ,civil war2 graduate of ,yale2 graduate of ,cambridge1 ,eng41 and author of ,five ,years in an ,english ,university2 a graduate of ,amherst and ,andover1 and missionary in ,southern ,india2 lawyer in ,springfield2 eminent teacher at ,northampton2 leading physician at ,northampton2 leading physician at ,new ,bedford2 supt4 ,pacific ,mail ,steamship ,company2 merchant in ,new ,york2 insurance manager1 ,new ,york2 author of ,greece and ,roman ,mythology1 and five other important works2 supt4 ,cincinnati1 ,hamilton ,dayton ,r4,r42 a ,new ,york lawyer and graduate of ,yale2 author of ,history of ,virginia1 and two other works2 graduate ,dartmouth and ,andover2 assistant surgeon ,u4,s4 ,navy2 and an officer in ,civil war1 who fought in thirty battles4 ,mary ,edwards1 another daughter of ,timothy1 married ,mason ,whiting1 ,district ,attorney of ,new ,york1 and member of ,new ,york ,legislature4 ,in this family of eight children and their descendants are an authoress2 a colonel in ,civil war2 treasurer ,american ,missionary ,association2 ,rev4 ,w4,s4 ,tyler1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 a graduate of ,amherst and ,andover1 professor of ,greek for fifty years at ,amherst2 ,col4 ,mason ,whiting ,tyler1 graduate of ,amherst1 gallant soldier in ,civil war2 ,wm4 ,w4 ,tyler1 graduate of ,amherst1 manufacturer of famous ,turbine ,water ,wheels2 ,henry ,mather ,tyler1 graduate of ,amherst1 professor of ,greek at ,knox ,college1 pastor at ,galesburg1 ,fitchburg and ,worcester1 and professor of ,greek at ,smith ,college2 ,john ,mason ,tyler1 graduate of ,amherst and ,union ,theological ,seminary1 studied at ,gothenburg and ,leipsic1 professor of ,biology at ,amherst and eminent lecturer4 ,to ,william ,edwards1 another son of ,timothy1 oldest son of ,jonathan ,edwards1 an entire chapter will be given4 ,,chapter ,x ,,colonel ,,william ,,edwards ,fascinating is the story of ,colonel ,william ,edwards1 grandson of ,jonathan ,edwards1 the inventor of the process of tanning by which the leather industry of the world was revolutionized4 ,in no respect did the intellectual and moral inheritance show itself more clearly than in the recuperative force of the family of ,colonel ,edwards4 ,attention has already been called to the remarkable way in which the father1 ,timothy ,edwards1 re-established himself and educated his large family after his great financial reverses in the period of the ,revolutionary war1 but the story of ,colonel ,william ,edwards is even a more striking illustration of this same power4 ,he was born at ,elizabeth1 ,new ,jersey1 ,november #aa1 #aggj4 ,he was a mere child during the ,revolutionary struggle4 ,before he was two years old the father removed to ,stockbridge1 ,mass41 and the boy grew up in as thoroughly a rural community as could be found4 ,the school privileges were very meagre4 ,no books were printed in the ,american colonies because of ,british prohibition4 ,from early childhood he had to work1 first as his mother's assistant1 tending the children and doing all kinds of household work such as a handy boy can do4 ,as soon as he could sit on a horse he rode for light ploughing and by the time he was ten was driving oxen for heavy ploughing and teaming4 ,william ,edwards was only thirteen when he was put out as an apprentice to a tanner in ,elizabethtown1 ,n4,j4 ,to reach this place the lad had to ride horseback to the ,hudson river1 about thirty miles1 make arrangements to have the horse taken back1 and take passage on a ,west ,indies cattle brig to ,new ,york4 ,it took him a week to get to ,new ,york4 ,he then took the ferry for ,elizabethtown4 ,when young ,edwards began life as a tanner it took twelve months for the tanning of hides4 ,this was by far the most extensive tannery in ,america4 ,it had a capacity of #a1ejj sides4 ,the only improvement then known--#aghd--was the use of a wooden plug in the lime vats and water pools to let off the contents into the brook4 ,the bark was ground by horse power4 ,there was a curb fifteen feet in diameter1 made of three-inch plank1 with a rim fifteen inches high4 ,within this was a stone wheel with many hollows and the wooden wheel with long pegs4 ,two horses turned these wheels which would grind half a cord of bark in a day of twelve hours4 ,the first year ,william was at work grinding bark4 ,all the pay received for the year's work was the knowledge gained of the art of grinding bark1 very poor board 7no clothing1 no money71 and the privilege of tanning for himself three sheep skins4 ,the fourth half year he received his first money1 #b4ej a month1 which was paid out of friendliness for the ,edwards family4 ,before he was twenty he set up in business for himself4 ,he had saved #ajj2 his father1 still poor1 gave him #cjj2 he bought land for his plant for #gjj on long credit4 ,after years of great struggle he succeeded in business and developed the process by which instead of employing one hand for every one hundred sides he could tan #dj1jjj with twenty lads and the cost was reduced from twelve cents a pound to four cents4 ,the quality was improved even more than the cost was reduced4 ,when the war of #ahab broke out he had practically the only important tannery in the ,united ,states1 but the war scare and attendant evils led to his failure in #ahae4 ,he was now #de years old with a wife and nine children4 ,he went to work in a factory for day wages to keep his family supplied with the necessities of life4 ,by some misunderstanding and a combination of law suits his patents were lost to him4 ,when ,colonel ,edwards failed in #ahae he owed considerable sums of money and nine years later the courts released him from all obligations1 yet between the age of #fi and #ge he paid every cent of this indebtedness amounting to #be1ibd4 ,the chief interest in ,colonel ,edwards centers in his children4 ,when his failure came there were nine children1 five boys and four girls4 ,the youngest was a few months old and the eldest #ai4 ,seven of them were under #ab years of age4 ,in the first four years of their reverses two others were born1 so that his large family had their preparation and start in life in the years of struggle4 ,nevertheless they took their places among the prosperous members of the ,edwards family4 ,the eldest son1 ,william ,w4 ,edwards1 was one of the eminently successful men of ,new ,york4 ,he lived to be #hj years old and his life was fully occupied with good work4 ,he was engaged in the straw goods business in ,new ,york2 helped to develop the insurance business to large proportions2 organized the ,dime ,savings ,bank of ,brooklyn1 of which he was treasurer and cashier4 ,he was one of the founders of the ,american ,tract ,society and of the ,new ,york ,mercantile ,library4 ,he was a member of the ,state legislature for several terms4 ,henry ,edwards was one of ,boston's most eminent merchants and a most useful man4 ,he had the only strictly wholesale silk house in ,boston for nearly half a century4 ,he was born in ,northampton1 #agih4 ,at the age of fifteen he entered the employ of a prominent ,boston importing house and began by opening the store1 building the fires1 and carrying out goods4 ,by the time he was twenty he was the most trusted employee4 ,he was a born trader4 ,his brother in ,new ,york knowing that twist buttons were scarce in that city suggested that ,henry buy up all there were in ,boston before the dealers discovered the fact that they were scarce in ,new ,york and send them on to him4 ,they cleared #ejj in a few weeks4 ,he was an earnest student4 ,not having had the advantages of an education he made up for it by studying evenings4 ,they imported their silks from ,france which led him to study ,french until he was accomplished in the art of reading and speaking the ,french language4 ,it is rather remarkable that learning the language in this way1 he was able to go to ,france and out-rank most foreigners in ,parisian society4 ,an ,edwards did not absolutely need the college and the university in order to be eminently scholarly in any special line4 ,at the age of twenty-five he went into business as the senior partner of the house of ,edwards ,stoddard on ,state street1 ,boston4 ,it was the only house that made its whole business the importing of silks4 ,at the age of twenty-eight he went to ,paris to purchase silks and remained there many years4 ,they did a highly profitable business for nearly fifty years4 ,he received much social attention while in ,paris4 ,general ,lafayette was specially friendly1 and the families visited frequently4 ,he was also highly honored in ,boston1 where he was a member of the city government--it was an honor in those days--for nine years1 one of the trustees of ,amherst ,college for forty years1 a member of the ,massachusetts legislature and received several important appointments of trust and honor from ,governor ,john ,a4 ,andrew and ,president ,lincoln4 ,boston had few men in his day who were more prosperous or more highly honored4 ,ogden ,e4 ,edwards was for several years at the head of one of the largest leather houses of ,new ,york ,city1 eminently prosperous and of great service to the public4 ,alfred ,edwards was founder and senior partner in one of the largest wholesale dry goods houses of ,new ,york for fifty years1 known as ,alfred ,edwards ,co4 ,amory was for many years a member of the firm of ,alfred ,edwards ,co4 ,he was also ,united ,states ,consul at ,buenos ,ayres1 and traveled extensively in ,south ,america4 ,his nephew1 ,wm4 ,h4 ,edwards1 wrote of these travels4 ,this nephew1 resident at ,coalbough1 ,west ,virginia1 is the author of a famous work on ,the ,butterflies of ,north ,america1 and also of an important work on ,shaksper nor ,shakespeare4 ,richard ,c4 ,edwards was also a member of the firm of ,alfred ,edwards ,co4 and shared the prosperity of the house with his brother4 ,rebecca ,t4 ,edwards1 the eldest daughter1 married ,benjamin ,curtis1 a wealthy merchant in business in ,new ,york and ,paris4 ,she was married in ,paris and ,general ,lafayette gave her away in place of her father4 ,sarah ,h4 ,edwards married ,rev4 ,john ,n4 ,lewis1 a successful clergyman4 ,elizabeth ,t4 ,edwards married ,henry ,rowland1 an eminently successful and useful citizen of ,new ,york1 whose children1 like himself1 have been honored in many ways4 ,ann ,maria ,edwards married ,professor ,edwards ,a4 ,park1 ,d4,d41 the president of ,andover ,theological ,seminary and the most eminent theologian of the day4 ,their son1 ,rev4 ,william ,edwards ,park1 of ,gloversville1 ,new ,york1 is a preacher of rare ability4 ,rev4 ,w4,e4 ,park has two sons1 graduates of ,yale1 young men of great promise4 ,the ten children of ,colonel ,edwards lived to great age1 and each of the sons was eminently successful in business1 and all were highly esteemed4 ,each of the daughters married men eminent in commercial or professional life4 ,none of them were privileged to receive a liberal education because of the great financial reverses that came to the father in their youth1 but every one of them was closely identified with educational institutions and all were rated as scholarly men and women4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,,the ,,mary ,,edwards ,,dwight ,,family ,after studying at some length the family of the eldest son of ,jonathan ,edwards1 it is worth while to study the family of one of the daughters4 ,mary1 the fourth child born at ,northampton 7#agcd71 was married at the age of #af to ,timothy ,dwight1 born in ,vermont 7#agbf7 and graduated from ,yale in #agdd4 ,it is interesting to find a daughter of ,jonathan ,edwards marrying a ,yale graduate1 who had such extreme sensibility to the beauty and sweetness of always doing right1 and such a love of peace1 and regarded the legal profession as so full of temptations to do wrong1 in great degree and small that he persistently refused to study law1 though it had been his father's great desire4 ,the conscientiousness of ,major ,dwight is well illustrated by this incident4 ,there was a lottery in the interest of ,princeton college1 authorized by the legislature of ,new ,jersey1 and ,dwight was sent twenty tickets for sale4 ,he returned them1 but the time required for the mail in those days was so long that they did not reach the destination until after the drawing4 ,major ,dwight was notified that one of his twenty tickets had drawn #bj1jjj and all but one ticket had drawn some prize4 ,major ,dwight paid for the one blank ticket and would not take a cent of the large prize money4 ,this was worthy a son-in-law of ,mr4 ,edwards1 the progenitor of a family of mighty men4 ,major ,dwight was a merchant in ,northampton1 a selectman1 judge of probate for sixteen years and was for several years a member of the legislature4 ,at the time of his death1 #aggh1 he was possessed of #c1jjj acres of valuable land in ,northampton1 and he willed his wife #g1jej1 and each of his thirteen children #a1afe4 ,at that time there were but five painted houses in ,northampton and but two were carpeted4 ,of the fourteen children1 thirteen grew up1 and twelve were married2 and their entire family adds greatly to the glory of the family of ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,the oldest son1 ,dr4 ,timothy ,dwight1 president of ,yale1 said with much tenderness and force1 ,all that ,i am and all that ,i shall be1 ,i owe to my mother4 ,she was a woman of remarkable will power and intellectual vigor4 ,she was but seventeen when her first child was born and was the mother of fourteen children at forty-two4 ,the first-born1 ,president ,timothy ,dwight1 ,s4,t4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 born #ageb1 was one of the most eminent of ,americans4 ,he learned his alphabet at a single sitting while a mere child1 and at four knew the catechism by heart4 ,he graduated from ,yale at seventeen2 taught the ,hopkins school in ,new ,haven at seventeen and eighteen2 was tutor in ,yale from nineteen to twenty-five years of age2 wrote the ,conquest of ,canada1 which was reprinted in ,london1 at nineteen4 ,this work was dedicated to ,george ,washington by permission4 ,at twenty-three1 he was in the fore front of the advocates of independence4 ,at twenty-two1 ,general ,washington appointed him a chaplain in the army1 and personally requested that he accept4 ,his widow received #cej a year pension because of this service4 ,he was a member of the ,massachusetts legislature and secured an important grant to ,harvard university4 ,he was offered a professorship at ,harvard and could have gone to ,congress without opposition1 but he declined both1 and at thirty-two accepted a country pastorate at ,greenfield ,hill1 ,connecticut4 ,he remained there twenty-two years4 ,his salary was #gej4 ,he also had a gift of #a1ejj for accepting the call1 a parish lot of six acres1 and twenty cords of wood annually4 ,this was said to be the largest ministerial salary in ,new ,england4 ,at forty-three he was called from the country parish to the presidency of ,yale4 ,his salary as president was #ccd4 ,later he had #ejj1 from which he paid #aej for two amanuenses which he required because his sight had failed him4 ,he published fourteen important works4 ,he was largely instrumental in organizing the ,american ,board of ,commissioners of ,foreign ,missions2 the ,american ,missionary ,society and the ,american ,bible ,society4 ,to him is largely due the establishment of theological seminaries in the country4 ,for forty-six years he taught every year either in a public or private school or college1 and all but one year of that time he preached every week and almost invariably he prepared a new sermon4 ,when he died1 from a cancer at sixty-five1 the children insisted that the estate should be for the mother during her lifetime1 and when she died there was found to be #bf1jjj although his salary had always been ridiculously small4 ,the eight children were all boys1 and all but one grew to manhood4 ,timothy was a hardware merchant in ,new ,haven and ,new ,york for more than forty years4 ,he endowed the ,dwight ,professorship of ,didactic ,theology in ,yale1 which was named for him4 ,there were nine children1 grandchildren of ,president ,dwight by his eldest son4 ,of these the eldest1 also ,timothy1 was the leading paper manufacturer in the trust mill headquarters at ,chicago1 and his six children were enterprising and successful business men in ,illinois and ,wisconsin4 ,john ,william ,dwight was one of the leading manufacturers of chemicals in ,connecticut4 ,edward ,strong ,dwight1 of ,yale1 #ahch1 and of ,theological ,seminary1 ,yale1 was for many years a trustee of ,amherst and a prominent clergyman4 ,j4,h4 ,lyman1 ,m4,d41 and ,edward ,huntington ,lyman1 ,m4,d41 were names that added luster to the family of ,president ,dwight4 ,benjamin ,woolsey ,dwight1 ,m4,d41 another son of the ,president of ,yale1 was a graduate of ,yale and treasurer of ,hamilton college for nineteen years4 ,among his descendants are ,richard ,smith ,dewey1 ,m4,d41 of ,ann ,arbor1 in charge of ,brooklyn ,city ,hospital2 charge of military hospital at ,hesse ,cassel in ,franco-,prussian war2 assistant superintendent ,illinois ,state ,insane hospital at ,elgin4 ,also ,elliott ,anthony1 of ,hamilton1 #ahej2 ,chicago lawyer2 city attorney2 a member of the ,illinois ,constitutional ,convention in #ahfb and again in #ahgj2 founder of the ,law ,institute1 ,chicago1 and for several years the president4 ,also ,edward ,woolsey ,dwight1 who was a leading citizen and legislator of ,wisconsin4 ,it is impracticable to give the record of many of the distinguished members of such a family1 but a brief notice of a few will give some idea of the standard of the family4 ,benj4 ,woodbridge ,dwight1 ,ph4,d41 b4 #ahaf1 g4 ,hamilton #ahce1 ,yale ,theological ,seminary1 professor in ,hamilton2 founded ,central ,presbyterian church1 ,joliet1 ,ill42 established ,dwight's ,high ,school1 ,brooklyn2 editor-in-chief of ,the ,interior of ,chicago1 which he owned and edited2 contributor to many magazines2 author of several scholarly works2 had the first preparatory school which placed ,german on a level with ,greek in importance1 and founded a large preparatory boarding school at ,clinton1 ,n4,y4 ,he was a man of rare ability1 character and success4 ,prof4 ,theodore ,william ,dwight1 ,,ll4,d41 b4 #ahbb1 g4 ,hamilton #ahdj1 g4 ,yale ,law ,s42 professor ,hamilton ,college sixteen years2 dean of ,columbia ,college ,law ,s4 from #aheh to #ahib4 ,james ,brice of ,england placed him at the head of legal learning in the ,united ,states and said3 ,it would be worth an ,english student's while to cross the ,atlantic to attend his course4 ,another eminent ,english lawyer1 ,a4,v4 ,dicey1 in ,legal ,education wrote of him as the greatest living ,american teacher of law4 ,he gave a course of lectures each year at ,cornell2 was a member of the ,n4,y4 ,constitutional ,convention in #ahfg2 was a member of the famous committee of seventy in ,n4,y4 ,city that exposed the ,tweed ring2 was president of the ,new ,york ,prison ,association and presided when ,mr4 ,dugdale was employed to study the ,jukes2 associate editor ,american ,law ,register2 was legal editor of ,johnson's ,encyclopdia1 and made many important contributions to the legal literature of the country4 ,there have been few men of equal eminence in our country's history4 ,president ,theodore ,dwight ,woolsey1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 b4 ,new ,york ,city1 ,october #ca1 #ahja1 was the grandson of ,mary ,edwards ,dwight and great grandson of ,jonathan ,edwards2 g4 ,yale #ahbj2 studied at ,princeton ,theological ,seminary and g4 at ,yale ,l4,s42 studied in ,german universities2 professor in ,yale twenty-two years2 president of ,yale #ahdf-ahga4 ,wesleyan conferred degree of ,,ll4,d4 and ,harvard that of ,,ll4,d4 and ,s4,t4,d4 all before he was fifty years of age4 ,president of the ,evangelical ,alliance held in ,n4,y4 ,city #ahgc1 the leading ,american on the ,committee for the ,revision of the ,bible4 ,after resigning the presidency he continued to lecture at ,yale until his death1 #ahhi4 ,there was no more eminent ,american in unofficial life from #ahdj to #ahij than he4 ,president ,hayes once said that he was greatly perplexed at one time as to the line of public policy which he should pursue until it occurred to him that ,president ,woolsey was the one ,american on whose judgment he could rely1 and after consulting him his course was entirely clear and his action wise4 ,he was the author of several valuable and standard works4 ,yale's first great advance was in the time of ,president ,timothy ,dwight1 its second was in the administration of ,president ,theodore ,dwight ,woolsey4 ,when he became president the classes about doubled in size4 ,he introduced new departments at once and endowments came in1 such as had never been considered possible4 ,the tuition was raised from #cc to #ij2 the salaries were greatly increased1 graduate courses were introduced2 many new buildings were erected and everything went forward at a radically different pace4 ,yale and ,american thought owe much to ,president ,woolsey4 ,he wrote many scholarly works4 ,there were thirteen children born to ,president ,woolsey4 ,of these1 one daughter married ,rev4 ,edgar ,laing ,heermance1 a graduate of ,yale and a useful and talented man2 one of the sons1 ,theodore ,salisbury1 was a graduate of ,yale1 and professor of ,international ,law at ,yale4 ,president ,timothy ,dwight1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 b4 #ahbh1 g4 ,yale #ahdi1 g4 ,yale ,theological ,school1 studied at ,bonn and ,berlin in ,germany2 was professor at ,yale and president from #ahhf to #ahig4 ,he has been an eminent ,american scholar for half a century4 ,if there were but two or three such men in a family it would make it memorable4 ,yale gave him the degree of ,d4,d41 and both ,harvard and ,princeton that of ,,ll4,d4 ,he was editor of ,the ,new ,englander4 ,it is a singular fact that the three great advances which ,yale has made have been in the times of the two ,dwights and of ,woolsey1 all descendants of ,jonathan ,edwards4 ,by the end of his third year the number of students had risen to #acfe and the sixth year to #aghd4 ,the gifts to ,yale in each of the fifteen years of his administration were fabulous as compared with any past experiences1 often above #cej1jjj4 ,president ,sereno ,edwards ,dwight1 ,d4,d41 g4 ,yale #ahjc1 practiced law in ,new ,haven2 author of important books which were republished in ,england2 became a clergyman at the age of twenty-nine2 pastor of ,park ,st4 ,church1 ,boston2 was chaplain of the ,u4,s4 ,senate2 established successful boarding school in ,new ,haven4 ,among his students were the two boys who afterwards made the famous ,andrews ,stoddard's ,latin ,grammar4 ,his literary work was extensive and valuable4 ,standing by himself he would shed lustre upon the names he bore1 ,edwards and ,dwight4 ,he was a tutor in ,yale and was third president of ,hamilton ,college4 ,william ,theodore ,dwight1 ,d4,d41 b4 #agie1 g4 ,yale #ahac1 tutor at ,yale1 practiced law in ,philadelphia2 became a clergyman2 pastor in ,portland2 overseer of ,bowdoin ,college4 ,he was offered three professorships1 which he declined4 ,he was one of the religious leaders of ,america for many years4 ,hon4 ,theodore ,dwight1 b4 #agfd1 lawyer4 ,editor ,the ,connecticut ,mirror and ,the ,hartford ,courant2 member of ,congress1 where he won honors by successfully combating the famous ,john ,randolph2 secretary of the famous ,hartford ,convention2 established and edited #ahae-ag the ,albany ,daily ,advertiser2 established and edited the ,new ,york ,daily ,advertiser #ahag-cf2 wrote ,life of ,thomas ,jefferson1 and many other works of importance4 ,there were few men in his day who occupied a position of such influence4 ,theodore ,dwight1 #b;d1 b4 #agif1 g4 ,yale #ahad1 eminent scholar1 imprisoned in ,paris for distributing the ,new ,testament gratis in the streets2 spoke seven languages2 was the warmest ,american friend of ,garibaldi and was authorized by him to edit his works in this country2 was director ,n4,y4 ,asylum for the ,blind1 and of the ,n4,y4 ,public ,school ,assn42 was instrumental in having music introduced into the schools of ,n4,y4 ,city2 was prominent in religious and philanthropic as well as educational work4 ,in the ,kansas crisis he induced #c1jjj settlers to go to ,kansas1 and indirectly caused nearly #aj1jjj to go at that critical time4 ,he edited at various times ,the ,n4,y4 ,daily ,advertiser1 ,the ,youths ,penny ,paper1 ,the ,american ,magazine1 ,the ,family ,visitor1 ,the ,n4,y4 ,presbyterian1 ,the ,christian ,alliance1 and wrote several successful text-books and many literary and historical works4 ,he was a leader in the noblest sense of the term4 ,nathaniel ,dwight1 ,m4,d41 b4 #aggj1 surgeon in ,united ,states ,army1 practiced medicine in ,providence2 prepared the first school geography ever published in the ,united ,states2 wrote many historical works2 original advocate of special institutional care for the insane4 ,after eleven years of ardent championship he saw the first insane retreat established4 ,henry ,e4 ,dwight1 ,m4,d41 b4 #ahcb1 g4 ,yale #aheb1 g4 ,andover ,theological ,seminary #aheg1 studied in ,germany and ,france and was an eminent physician in ,philadelphia4 ,rev4 ,s4,g4 ,dwight1 g4 ,union ,theological ,seminary1 and was a missionary in the ,sandwich ,islands4 ,here are a few who can only be named3 ,john ,w4 ,dwight1 b4 #ahbj1 g4 ,yale1 eminent divine and trustee of ,amherst ,college for many years4 ,mrs4 ,rensselaer ,nicol1 of ,new ,haven1 a leader in prison reform and other philanthropic movements4 ,thomas ,b4 ,dwight1 b4 #aheg1 g4 ,yale1 district attorney of ,philadelphia and eminent lawyer4 ,sereno ,e4 ,dwight1 surgeon in ,british army4 ,james ,a4 ,dwight1 b4 #ahee1 in ,united ,states navy4 ,samuel ,h4 ,stunner was with ,sherman in his march to the sea4 ,mrs4 ,r4,h4 ,perkins1 b4 #ahai1 eminent teacher1 principal ,duffield school1 ,detroit4 ,william ,h4 ,sumner1 officer in ,u4,s4 regular army4 ,thomas ,berry1 banker in ,cleveland4 ,general ,robert ,montgomery1 of ,pennsylvania4 ,o4,h4 ,kennedy1 officer in ,u4,s4 navy4 ,fenton ,rockwell1 judge advocate and provost judge in ,new ,orleans2 officer in ,civil war1 and in many important battles4 ,william ,r4 ,dwight1 ,new ,york banker4 ,george ,s4 ,dwight1 large railroad contractor4 ,william ,allerton1 leather merchant in ,boston4 ,mrs4 ,egbert ,c4 ,smyth1 wife of the dean of ,andover ,theological ,seminary4 ,rossiter ,w4 ,raymond1 eminent specialist1 author1 and lecturer4 ,w4,m4 ,bell1 manufacturer1 ,allegheny4 ,colonel ,a4,s4,m4 ,morgan1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,j4,e4 ,jacobs1 insurance manager1 ,chicago4 ,e4,s4 ,churchill1 ,portland1 ,me41 merchant4 ,w4,d4 ,bell1 manufacturer1 ,philadelphia4 ,george ,collier1 rich ,st4 ,louis banker4 ,e4,a4 ,hitchcock1 tea merchant1 ,hong ,kong4 ,m4,d4 ,collier1 graduated from ,yale2 ,st4 ,louis lawyer4 ,h4,r4 ,bell1 ,chicago physician4 ,d4,w4 ,bell1 ,pittsburg lawyer4 ,a4,s4 ,bell1 ,pittsburg lawyer4 ,george ,hoadley1 born in #agha2 graduated from ,yale2 mayor ,new ,haven2 eight times mayor of ,cleveland4 ,w4,w4 ,hoadley1 born in #ahad2 ,cincinnati banker4 ,dr4 ,t4,f4 ,pomeroy1 ,detroit4 ,general ,j4,h4 ,bates1 ,u4,s4,a42 ,ohio state senate4 ,governor ,george ,hoadley1 born in #ahbf2 graduated from ,western ,reserve ,college2 supreme court judge2 president ,democratic convention that nominated ,general ,hancock for the presidency4 ,major ,w4,w4 ,winthrop of the ,civil war2 graduated from ,tale4 ,major ,w4,t4 ,johnson1 graduated from ,yale2 killed at battle of ,big ,bethel4 ,theodore ,weston1 graduated from ,yale2 civil engineer of ,croton water works4 ,j4,m4 ,woolsey1 born in #agif2 graduated from ,yale2 capitalist1 ,cleveland4 ,sarah ,c4 ,woolsey is ,susan ,coolidge4 ,mrs4 ,daniel ,c4 ,grilman1 wife of the president of ,johns ,hopkins ,university1 and formerly president of ,university of ,california4 ,samuel ,carmalt1 wealthy land owner in ,pennsylvania4 ,dr4 ,w4,w4 ,woolsey1 born in #ahca2 graduated from ,yale2 physician1 ,dubuque1 ,ia4 ,t4,b4 ,woolsey1 flour merchant1 ,new ,york4 ,samuel ,w4 ,johnson1 graduated from ,princeton and ,harvard law school2 ,new ,york lawyer4 ,woolsey ,johnson1 ,m4,d41 graduated from ,princeton and ,new ,york ,medical ,college2 physician1 ,new ,york4 ,theodore ,s4 ,woolsey1 graduated from ,yale2 professor in ,yale4 ,charles ,f4 ,johnson1 graduated from ,yale2 professor ,united ,states ,naval ,academy1 ,annapolis4 ,w4,w4 ,johnson1 graduated from ,yale2 professor ,kenyon ,college4 ,j4,h4 ,rathburn1 lawyer1 ,utica4 ,j4,o4 ,pease1 merchant1 ,philadelphia4 ,a4,s4 ,dwight1 lieutenant ,u4,s4,a42 killed at ,petersburg4 ,george ,p4,b4 ,dwight1 ,new ,york custom house4 ,henry ,e4 ,dwight1 born in #ahac2 ,southern planter4 ,theodore ,woolsey ,porter1 b4 #agii1 g4 ,yale #ahai1 eminent teacher2 principal of ,washington ,institute1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,timothy ,dwight ,porter1 ,m4,d41 b4 #agig1 g4 ,yale #ahaf1 was in the ,new ,york senate and a successful practitioner4 ,imperfectly as these names represent the achievements of the descendants of ,mary ,edwards ,dwight they do hint strongly at the vigor1 character and scholarship for which the family of ,jonathan ,edwards stands in ,american life4 ,there is another large family of ,dwights1 direct descendants of ,jonathan ,edwards1 through his granddaughter1 ,rhoda ,edwards1 but these are not1 of course1 included in this list of ,mary's descendants4 ,many of these are eminent men1 and reference is here made to their omission1 lest some one should think the facts regarding them were not gathered4 ,a ,,modern ,,instance ,it was known that ,john ,eliot ,woodbridge removed to ,youngstown1 ,o41 about one hundred years ago1 but no trace of him was found until these chapters were in type when it appeared that this undiscovered remainder was a most important branch of the family4 ,congressman ,r4,w4 ,taylor1 of ,ohio1 chairman of the committee to pass upon the case of ,mr4 ,roberts of ,utah1 is a descendant of ,jonathan ,edwards through ,john ,eliot ,woodbridge4 ,his masterly treatment of the case is recognized throughout the country4 ,here is what the ,detroit ,free ,press said of him at the time of the investigation3 ,in appearance he is not of the robust order of statesmen4 ,with fair face1 shoulders that he has always permitted to droop1 indispensable eyeglasses1 and hands that nine women out of ten would envy1 modest demeanor1 and kindly instincts1 he is among the last of men that a casual observer would pick as fitting leaders where nerve1 aggressiveness1 and fearless determination must be joined with an ability to give and take in legal controversy4 ,but this passing judgment would be at widest variance with the truth4 ,college mates of ,taylor will recall the deceptiveness of this outward appearance4 ,it concealed muscles of steel and a will that had only to be right in order to be invincible4 ,he was the peer of any amateur baseball catcher in his day1 and held the same enviable place as a student of the classics4 ,he was the strong man for the ,d4,k4,e4 initiations1 and took the same rank in all scholastic competitions4 ,dr4 ,timothy ,woodbridge1 of ,youngstown1 was a graduate of the medical college of ,philadelphia1 and was one of the eminent physicians of ,eastern ,ohio4 ,his grandson1 ,benjamin ,warner ,wells1 of ,chicago1 was a graduate of ,annapolis naval academy4 ,he was ,admiral ,schley's flag secretary in the engagement at ,santiago4 ,dr4 ,john ,eliot ,woodbridge1 ,cleveland1 is an eminent specialist in typhoid fever cases4 ,robert ,walker ,taylor was comptroller of the ,united ,states treasury for fifteen years4