,page ii ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,con/ellations ,,( ,,orion ,,& ,,taurus4 ,,notes4--,/> a 9 ,taurus is r$1 has eight metals2 moves ea/ 7page #bbg74 ,at o above tip ( "r horn is ! ,crab ,nebula 7page #bai74 ,9 ,orion1 a is v>iable1 has five metals2 rec$es #bb miles p] second4 b1 d1 e1 x1 r1 etc41 are d\ble />s1 ! compon5t p>ts ( v>i\s colors & magnitudes 7page #bab1 note74 l & i are triple2 s1 octuple2 ?1 multiple1 surr\nd$ by a f9e ,nebula 7page #bah74 ,page iii ,,recreations ,,9 ,,a/ronomy ,,) ,,directions ,,= ,,practical ,,exp]im5ts ,,& ,,telescopic ,,"w ,,by ,,h5ry ,,:ite ,,w>r51 ,d4,d4 ,,au?or ,,( ,,sights ,,& ,,insights2 ,,or1 ,,k ,,by ,,travel1 ,,etc4 ,,) ,,eighty-,,?ree ,,illu/rations ,,& ,,maps ,,( ,,/>s ,page v ,greek3 ,,taei ,,psu*aei ,,taei ,,agapaetaei ,,a/rap\saei ,,kai ,,isagg$oi ,page vii ,,preface4 ,all sci5ces are mak+ an advance1 b ,a/ronomy is mov+ at ! d\ble-quick4 ,s9ce ! pr9ciples ( ?is sci5ce 7 settl$ by ,cop]nicus1 f\r hundr$ ye>s ago1 x has nev] _h to beat a retreat4 ,x is rewritt5 n to correct mat]ial errors1 b to incorporate new discov]ies4 ,once ,a/ronomy treat$ mo/ly ( tides1 seasons1 & telescopic aspects ( ! planets2 n[ ^! are only prim>y matt]s4 ,once x consid]$ />s z m]e fix$ po9ts ( light2 n[ x /udies !m z suns1 det]m9es _! age1 size1 color1 movem5ts1 *emical con/itution1 & ! revolution ( _! planets4 ,once x consid]$ space z empty2 n[ x kn[s t e cubic in* ( x quiv]s ) great] int5sity ( =ce ?an t :i* is visible 9 ,niag>a4 ,e in* ( surface t c be conceiv$ ( betwe5 suns is m wave-toss$ ?an ! ocean 9 a /orm4 ,! inv5tion ( ! telescope con/itut$ "o era 9 ,a/ronomy2 its p]fection 9 our day1 ano!r2 & ! discov]ies ( ! spectroscope a ?ird--no less important ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,:ile ne>ly all m5 are prev5t$ f practical exp]im5tation 9 ^! high realms ( k1 few ,page viii h s little leisure z to be deb>r$ f intellig5tly enjoy+ ! results ( ! inve/igations ( o!rs4 ,?is book has be5 writt5 n only to reveal "s ( ! highe/ a*ievem5ts ( ! human m9d1 b also to let ! heav5s decl>e ! glory ( ! ,div9e ,m9d4 ,9 ! au?or's judgm5t1 !re is no gulf t sep>ates sci5ce & religion1 nor any conflict :]e !y /& toge!r4 ,& x is f]v5tly hop$ t anyone :o comes to a bett] k ( ,god's works ?r\gh read+ ?is book1 may !reby come to a m intimate k ( ! ,work]4 ,i take great pleasure 9 ackn[l$g+ my indebt$ness to ,j4 ,m4 ,van ,vleck1 ,,ll4,d41 ( ! ,u4,s4 ,nautical ,almanac /aff1 & ,pr(essor ( ,a/ronomy at ! ,wesleyan ,univ]sity1 = inspect+ "s ( ! m important *apt]s2 to ,dr4 ,s4 ,s4 ,:ite1 ( ,philadelphia1 = telescopic advantages2 to ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,drap]1 = furni%+1 9 advance ( publication1 a photograph ( ! sun's corona 9 #ahgh2 & to ! excell5t "w on ,popul> ,a/ronomy1 by ,pr(essor ,simon ,newcomb1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ,u4 ,s4 ,naval ,obs]vatory1 = "s ( ! mo/ rec5t in=mation1 & = ! use ( ! unequall$ engrav+s ( ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 & ! great nebula ( ,orion4 ,page ix ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,creative ,,processes ,,ii4 ,,creative ,,progress ,con/itution ( ,light ,*emi/ry ( ,suns reveal$ by ,light ,creative ,=ce ( ,light ,,iii4 ,,a/ronomical ,,in/rum5ts ,! ,telescope ,! ,reflect+ ,telescope ,! ,spectroscope ,,iv4 ,,cele/ial ,,measurem5ts ,cele/ial ,movem5ts ,h[ to ,measure ,v4 ,,! ,,sun ,:at ! ,sun does = u ,,vi4 ,,! ,,planets1 ,,z ,,se5 ,,f ,,space ,! ,outlook f ! ,e>? ,,vii4 ,,%oot+-,,/>s1 ,,meteors1 ,,& ,,comets ,a]olites ,comets ,fam\s ,comets ,( :at d ,comets consi/8 ,w ,comets /rike ! ,e>?8 ,,viii4 ,,! ,,planets ,,z ,,individuals ,vulcan ,m]cury ,v5us ,! ,e>? ,! ,aurora ,borealis ,page x ,! ,delicate ,balance ( ,=ces ,tides ,! ,moon ,telescopic ,appe>ance ,eclipses ,m>s ,satellites ( ,m>s ,a/]oids ,jupit] ,satellites ( ,jupit] ,saturn ,r+s ( ,saturn ,satellites ( ,saturn ,uranus ,neptune ,,ix4 ,,! ,,nebul> ,,hypo!sis4 ,x4 ,,! ,,/ell> ,,sy/em ,! ,op5 ,page ( ! ,heav5s ,equatorial ,con/ellations ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,/>s ,numb] ,d\ble & ,multiple ,/>s ,color$ ,/>s ,clu/]s ( ,/>s ,nebul ,v>iable ,/>s ,tempor>y1 ,new1 & ,lo/ ,/>s ,movem5ts ( ,/>s ,,xi4 ,,! ,,worlds ,,& ,,! ,,^w ,,xii4 ,,! ,,ultimate ,,=ce ,,summ>y ,,( ,,late/ ,,discov]ies ,,& ,,conclusions ,,"s ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,sol> ,,sy/em ,,explanation ,,( ,,a/ronomical ,,symbols ,signs ( ! ,zodiac ,o!r ,abbreviations ,us$ 9 ! ,almanac ,greek ,alphabet ,us$ ,indicat+ ! ,/>s ,,*autauqua ,,outl9e ,,= ,,/ud5ts ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,a/ronomical ,,t]ms ,,& ,,index ,page xi ,,illu/rations ,,fig4 ,! ,con/ellations ( ,orion & ,taurus #a4 ,an ,orbit result+ f ,attraction & ,projection #b4 ,! ,moon's ,orbit ab\t ! ,e>? #c4 ,*anges ( ,orbit by ,mutual ,attraction #d4 ,velocity ( ,light measur$ by ,jupit]'s ,satellites #e4 ,velocity ( ,light measur$ by ,fizeau's ,too!d ,:eel #f4 ,:ite ,light resolv$ into ,colors #g4 ,%[+ am\nt ( ,light receiv$ by ,diff]5t ,planets #h4 ,measur+ ,int5sities ( ,lights #i4 ,reflection & ,diffusion ( ,light #aj4 ,manifold ,reflections #aa4 ,refraction by ,wat] #ab4 ,atmosph]ical ,reflection #ac4 ,refract+ ,telescope #ad4 ,reflect+ ,telescope #ae4 ,! ,cambridge ,equatorial ,refractor #af4 ,! new ,reflect+ ,telescope at ,p>is #ag4 ,spectroscope1 ) ,batt]y ( ,prisms #ah4 ,spectra ( ,gl[+ ,hydrog5 & ( ! ,sun #ai4 ,illu/rat+ ,arcs & ,angles #bj4 ,measur+ ,objects by obs]v+ ,angles #ba4 ,mural ,circle #bb4 ,scale to measure ,hundr$?s ( an ,in* #bc4 ,spid]-l9es to det]m9e ,/> ,transits #bd4 ,illu/rat+ ,triangulation ,page xii #be4 ,measur+ ,di/ance to an ,inaccessible ,object #bf4 ,measur+ ,elevation ( an ,inaccessible ,object #bg4 ,illu/rat+ ,p>allax #bh4 ,illu/rat+ ,/ell> ,p>allax #bi4 ,mode ( ,asc]ta9+ ,longitude #cj4 ,relative ,size ( ,sun1 z se5 f ,diff]5t ,planets #ca4 ,zodiacal ,light #cb4 ,corona ( ! ,sun 9 #aheh--;,brazil #cc4 ,corona ( ! ,sun 9 #ahgh--;,colorado #cd4 ,sol> ,prom95ces ( ,flam+ ,hydrog5 #ce4 ,*anges 9 ,sol> ,cavities dur+ ,rotation #cf4 ,sol> ,spot #cg4 ,hold+ ,telescope to see ! ,sun-spots #ch4 ,orbits & ,comp>ative ,sizes ( ! ,planets #ci4 ,orbit ( ,e>?1 illu/rat+ ,seasons #dj4 ,incl9ation ( ,planes ( ,planet>y ,orbits #da4 ,incl9ation ( ,orbits ( ,e>? & ,v5us #db4 ,%[+ ! ,sun's ,movem5t among ! ,/>s #dc4 ,passage ( ! ,sun by ,/> ,regulus #dd4 ,app>5t ,pa? ( ,jupit] among ! ,/>s #de4 ,illu/rat+ ,position ( ,planets #df4 ,app>5t ,movem5ts ( an ,inf]ior ,planet #dg4 ,app>5t ,movem5ts ( a ,sup]ior ,planet #dg;a4 ,a ,sw>m ( ,meteors meet+ ! ,e>? #dh4 ,explosion ( a ,bolide #di4 ,flight ( ,bolides #ej4 ,! ,santa ,rosa ,a]olite #ea4 ,orbit ( ,novemb] ,meteors & ! ,comet ( #ahff #eb4 ,aspects ( ,rem>kable ,comets #ec4 ,phases & ,app>5t ,dim5sions ( ,v5us #ed4 ,! ,e>? & ,moon 9 ,space #ee4 ,aurora z ,wav+ ,curta9s #ef4 ,tide result+ f ,c5trifugal ,motion #eg4 ,lun> ,l&scape ,page xiii #eh4 ,telescopic ,view ( ! ,moon #ei4 ,illum9ation ( ,lun> ,crat]s & ,peaks #fj4 ,lun> ,crat] ,cop]nicus #fa4 ,eclipses3 ,%ad[s ( ,e>? & ,moon #fb4 ,app>5t ,sizes ( ,m>s1 se5 f ! ,e>? #fc4 ,jupit] #fd4 ,v>i\s ,positions ( ,jupit]'s ,satellites #fe4 ,view ( ,saturn & 8 ,r+s #ff4 ,p]turbations ( ,uranus #fg4 ,map3 ,circumpol> ,con/ellations #fh4 ,map ( ,con/ellations on ! ,m]idian 9 ,decemb] #fi4 ,map ( ,con/ellations on ! ,m]idian 9 ,janu>y #gj4 ,map ( ,con/ellations on ! ,m]idian 9 ,april #ga4 ,map ( ,con/ellations on ! ,m]idian 9 ,june #gb4 ,map ( ,con/ellations on ! ,m]idian 9 ,septemb] #gc4 ,map ( ,con/ellations on ! ,m]idian 9 ,novemb] #gd4 ,s\!rn ,circumpol> ,con/ellations #ge4 ,aspects ( ,d\ble ,/>s #gf4 ,spray$ ,/> ,clu/] bel[ ae 9 ,h]cules #gg4 ,globul> ,/> ,clu/] 9 ! ,c5taur #gh4 ,great ,nebula ab\t ? ,orionis #gi4 ,! ,crab ,nebula above z ,tauri #hj4 ,! ,r+ ,nebula 9 ,lyra #ha4 ,%[+ ,place ( ,r+ ,nebula #hb4 ,! ,horizontal ,p5dulum ,,color$ ,,plate ,,repres5t+ ,,v>i\s ,,specta ,,maps ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,/>s ,page #a ,i4 ,,creative ,,processes4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?4 ,& ! e>? 0 )\t =m1 & void2 & d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! deep4--,g5esis i4 #a1 #b4 ,page #b ,n to ! domes1 :]e crumbl+ ar* & column ,atte/ ! feebl5ess ( mortal h&1 ,b to t fane1 mo/ ca?olic & solemn1 ,:i* ,god ha? plann$1-- ,to t ca!dral1 b\ndless z our wond]1 ,^: qu5*less lamps ! sun & />s supply2 ,its *oir ! w9ds & waves1 its organ ?und]1 ,its dome ! sky4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,longfell[4 ,! heav5s are a po9t f ! p5 ( ,8 p]fection2 ,! _w is a rose-bud f ! b[] ( ,8 beauty2 ,! sun is a sp>k f ! light ( ,8 wisdom2 ,& ! sky a bubble on ! sea ( ,8 p[]4 ,,sir ,w4 ,,jones4 ,page #c ,,recreations ,,9 ,,a/ronomy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i4 ,,creative ,,processes4 ,dur+ all ! ages !re has be5 "o bright & glitt]+ page ( l(tie/ wisdom unroll$ be=e ! eye ( man4 ,t ?is page may be read 9 e "p1 man's :ole _w turns him be=e x4 ,?is motion app>5tly *anges ! et]nally /able />s into a mov+ panorama1 b x is only s 9 appe>ance4 ,! sky is a va/1 immovable dial-plate ( t clock ^: p5dulum ticks ages in/ead ( seconds1 & ^: "t is et]nity4 ,! moon moves among ! illum9at$ figures1 trav]s+ ! dial quickly1 l a second-h&1 once a mon?4 ,! sun1 l a m9ute-h&1 goes ov] ! dial once a ye>4 ,v>i\s planets /& = h\r-h&s1 mov+ ov] ! dial 9 v>i\s p]iods rea*+ up to "o hundr$ & sixty-f\r ye>s2 :ile ! e>?1 l a %ip ( exploration1 sails ! inf9ite azure1 be>+ ! obs]v]s to diff]5t po9ts :]e !y may inve/igate ! inf9ite problems ( ?is mighty ma*9]y4 ,?is dial n only %[s pres5t movem5ts1 b x keeps ! hi/ory ( unc\nt$ ages pa/ ready to be ,page #d read backw>d 9 prop] ord]2 & x has glori\s volumes ( prophecy1 reveal+ ! f>-(f future to any man :o is able to look !reon1 break ! seals1 & read ! record4 ,gl[+ />s are ! alphabet ( ?is l(ty page4 ,!y comb9e to =m words4 ,meteors1 ra9b[s1 auroras1 %ift+ gr\ps ( />s1 make pictures va/ & significant z ! armies1 angels1 & fall+ />s 9 ! ,revelation ( ,/4 ,john--*ang+ & progressive pictures ( inf9ite wisdom & p[]4 ,m5 h n yet advanc$ z f> z ^? :o saw ! pictures ,john describes1 & h5ce ! panorama is n und]/ood4 ,t cont9u\s spee* t day aft] day utt]e? is n he>d2 ! k t night aft] night %[e? is n se52 & ! invisible ?+s ( ,god f ! creation ( ! _w1 ev5 8 et]nal p[] & ,godhead1 cle>ly discov]able f ?+s t are made1 are n appreh5d$4 ,! greate/ triumphs ( m5's m9ds h be5 9 a/ronomy--& ev] mu/ be4 ,we h n le>n$ its alphabet yet4 ,we read only easy lessons1 ) z _m mi/akes z happy guesses4 ,b 9 "t we %all "k all ! lett]s1 become famili> ) ! comb9ations1 be apt at _! int]pretation1 & w read ) facility ! lessons ( wisdom & p[] t are writt5 on ! e>?1 blazon$ 9 ! skies1 & pictur$ by ! fl[]s bel[ & ! ra9b[s above4 ,9 ord] to "k h[ worlds move & develop1 we mu/ create !m2 we mu/ g back to _! beg9n+1 give _! end[m5t ( =ces1 & /udy ! laws ( _! unfold+4 ,?is we c easily d by t faculty :]e9 man is like/ 8 ,fa!r1 a creative imag9ation4 ,god creates & embodies2 we create1 b ,page #e x rema9s 9 ?\ght only4 ,b ! creation is z bright1 /rong1 cle>1 endur+1 & real1 z if x 7 embodi$4 ,e "o ( u w\ld make worlds en\gh to cru% u1 if we c\ld embody z well z create4 ,our ambition w\ld outrun our wisdom4 ,let u come into ! high & ec/atic frame ( m9d :i* ,%akspe>e calls fr5zy1 9 ! exig5cies ( 8 v]se1 :5 ,! poet's eye1 9 a f9e fr5zy roll+1 ,do? glance f heav5 to e>?1 f e>? to heav52 ,&1 z imag9ation bodies =? ,! =ms ( ?+s unkn[n1 ! poet's p5 ,turns !m to %apes1 & gives to airy no?+ ,a local habitation & a "n4 ,9 ! supremacy ( our creative imag9ation let u make empty space1 9 ord] t we may !re9 build up a new univ]se4 ,let u wave ! w& ( our p[]1 s t all creat$ ?+s disappe>4 ,!re is no _w "u our feet1 no radiant cl\ds1 no blaz+ sun1 no silv] moon1 nor tw9kl+ />s4 ,we look up1 !re is no light2 d[n1 ?r\gh immeasurable abysses1 !re is no =m2 all ab\t1 & !re is no s\nd or sign ( be+--no?+ save utt] sil5ce1 utt] d>kness4 ,x _c be endur$4 ,creation is a necessity ( m9d--ev5 ( ! ,div9e m9d4 ,we w n[1 by imag9ation1 create a mon/] _w1 e atom ( :i* %all be d[]$ ) ! s+le p[] ( attraction4 ,e p>ticle %all rea* out its fri5dly h&1 & !re %all be a draw+ toge!r ( e p>ticle 9 exi/5ce4 ,! laws gov]n+ ?is attraction %all be two4 ,:5 ^! p>ticles are associat$ toge!r1 ! attraction %all be 9 proportion to ! mass4 ,a giv5 mass w pull twice ,page #f z mu* z "o ( half ! size1 because !re is twice z mu* to pull4 ,& a giv5 mass w be pull$ twice z mu* z "o half z l>ge1 because !re is twice z mu* to be pull$4 ,a man :o weigh$ "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds on ! e>? might weigh a ton & a half on a body z l>ge z ! sun4 ,t %all be "o law ( attraction2 & ! o!r %all be t masses attract inv]sely z ! squ>e ( di/ances betwe5 !m4 ,abs5ce %all affect fri5d%ips t h a mat]ial basis4 ,if a body l ! e>? pulls a man "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds at ! surface1 or f\r ?\s& miles f ! c5tre1 x w pull ! same man "o-f\r? z mu* at twice ! di/ance1 "o-sixte5? z mu* at f\r times ! di/ance4 ,t is1 he w weigh by a spr+ balance ?irty-sev5 & a half p\nds at eight ?\s& miles f ! c5tre1 & n9e p\nds six ounces at sixte5 ?\s& miles f ! c5tre1 & he w weigh or be pull$ by ! e>? #a_/bd ( a p\nd at ! di/ance ( ! moon4 ,b ! moon w\ld be l>ge en\gh & ne> en\gh to pull tw5ty-f\r p\nds on ! same man1 s ! e>? c\ld n draw him away4 ,?us ! two laws ( attraction ( gravitation are--#a1 ,gravity is proportion$ to ! quantity ( matt]2 & #b1 ,! =ce ( gravity v>ies inv]sely z ! squ>e ( ! di/ance f ! c5tre ( ! attract+ body4 ,! orig9al =m ( matt] is gas4 ,almo/ z ,i write comes ! ann\ncem5t t ,mr4 ,locky] has prov$ t all ! s-call$ prim>y elem5ts ( matt] are only s _m diff]5t siz$ molecules ( "o orig9al sub/ance--hydrog54 ,:e!r t is true or n1 let u n[ create all ! hydrog5 we c ,page #g imag9e1 ei!r 9 diff]5tly siz$ masses or 9 comb9ation ) o!r sub/ances4 ,!re x is6 ,we _c measure its bulk2 we _c fly ar\nd x 9 any recordable eons ( "t4 ,x has b\nd>ies1 to be sure1 = we are f9ite1 b we _c measure !m4 ,let x alone1 n[2 leave x to itself4 ,:at foll[s8 ,x is d[]$ simply ) attraction4 ,! va/ mass beg9s to %r9k1 ! out] portions are drawn inw>d4 ,!y ru% & swirl 9 va/ cyclones1 ?\s&s ( miles 9 ext5t4 ,! c5tre gr[s compact1 heat is evolv$ by impact1 z w be expla9$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,dull r$ light beg9s to look l com+ dawn4 ,c5turies g by2 contraction goes on2 light blazes 9 insuff]able brightness2 tornadoes1 :irlpools1 & tempe/s sc>cely signify any?+ z appli$ to su* tumultu\s toss+4 ,!re hangs ! only _w 9 exi/5ce2 x hangs 9 empty space4 ,x has no t5d5cy to rise2 none to fall2 none to move at all 9 any direction4 ,x see!s &1 flames1 & holds itself toge!r by attractive p[]1 & t is all ! =ce ) :i* we h end[$ x4 ,leave x !re alone1 & )draw millions ( miles into space3 x looks small] & small]4 ,we lose sight ( ^? di/9ctive spires ( flame1 ^? t]rible movem5ts4 ,x only gives an ev5 effulg5ce1 a /eady unflick]+ light4 ,turn "o qu>t] r\nd4 ,/ill we see our _w1 b x is at "o side4 ,n[ 9 front1 9 ! utt] d>kness1 sudd5ly create ano!r _w ( ! same size1 & at ! same di/ance f y4 ,!re !y /&--two huge1 lone bodies1 9 empty space4 ,b we creat$ !m d[]$ ) attraction4 ,ea* in/antly feels ! draw+ influ5ce ( ! o!r4 ,!y are mutually attractive1 & beg9 to ,page #h move t[>d ea* o!r4 ,!y ha/5 along an undeviat+ /raight l9e4 ,_! spe$ quick5s at e mile4 ,! attraction increases e mom5t4 ,!y fly swift z ?\ght4 ,!y da% _! flam+1 see?+ =eheads toge!r4 ,& n[ we h "o _w aga94 ,x is twice z l>ge z be=e1 t is all ! diff]5ce4 ,!re is no v>iety1 nei!r any motion2 j simple flame1 & no?+ to be w>m$ !reby4 ,are our creative p[]s exhau/$ by ?is ef=t8 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4--,orbit ,a ,d1 result+ f attraction1 ,a ,c1 & projectile =ce1 ,a ,b4 ,no1 we w create ano!r _w1 & add ano!r p[] to x t %all keep !m ap>t4 ,t p[] %all be :at is call$ ! =ce ( in]tia1 :i* is lit]ally no p[] at all2 x is an inability to orig9ate or *ange motion4 ,if a body is at re/1 in]tia is t quality by :i* x w =ev] rema9 s1 unless act$ ^u by "s =ce f )\t2 & if a body is 9 motion1 x w cont9ue on at ! same spe$1 9 a /raight l9e1 =ev]1 unless x is quick5$1 ret>d$1 or turn$ f its pa? by "s o!r =ce4 ,suppose our newly creat$ sun is #hfj1jjj miles 9 diamet]4 ,g away #ib1ejj1jjj miles & create an e>? eight ?\s& miles 9 diamet]4 ,x in/antly feels ! attractive p[] ( ! sun draw+ x to itself sixty-eight ,page #i miles a second4 ,n[1 j z x />ts1 give ?is e>? a pu% 9 a l9e at "r angles ) l9e ( fall to ! sun1 t %all s5d x "o hundr$ & eighty-n9e miles a second4 ,x obeys bo? =ces4 ,! result is t ! _w moves con/antly =w>d at ! same spe$ by its in]tia f t fir/ pu%1 & attraction mom5t>ily draws x f its /raight l9e1 s t ! new _w circles r\nd ! o!r to ! />t+-po9t4 ,cont9u+ "u ! op]ation ( bo? =ces1 ! worlds c nev] come toge!r or fly ap>t4 ,!y circle ab\t ea* o!r z long z ^! =ces endure2 = ! fir/ _w does n /& /ill & ! second d all ! go+2 bo? revolve ar\nd ! c5tre ( gravity common to bo?4 ,9 case ! worlds are equal 9 mass1 !y w bo? take ! same orbit ar\nd a c5tral /ation>y po9t1 midway betwe5 ! two4 ,9 case _! mass be z "o to eighty-"o1 z 9 ! case ( ! e>? & ! moon1 ! c5tre ( gravity ar\nd :i* bo? turn w be #a_/ha ( ! di/ance f ! e>?'s c5tre to ! moon's c5tre4 ,?is br+s ! c5tral po9t ar\nd :i* bo? worlds sw+ j inside ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,x is l an apple atta*$ by a /r+1 & swung ar\nd ! h&2 ! h& moves a little1 ! apple v mu*4 ,?us ! problem ( two revolv+ bodies is readily compreh5d$4 ,! two bodies lie 9 easy b$s1 & sw+ ob$i5t to con/ant =ces4 ,:5 ano!r body1 h[ev]1 is introduc$1 ) its v>y+ attraction1 fir/ on "o & !n on ! o!r1 complications are introduc$ t only ! mo/ ma/]ly m9ds c foll[4 ,introduce a doz5 or a million bodies1 & complications arise t only ,omnisci5ce c unravel4 ,page #aj ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,let ! h& sw+ an apple by an ela/ic cord4 ,:5 ! apple falls t[>d ! e>? x feels ano!r =ce besides t d]iv$ f ! h&1 :i* greatly l5g!ns ! ela/ic cord4 ,to te> x away f ! e>?'s attraction1 & make x rise1 requires additional =ce1 & h5ce ! /r+ is l5g!n$2 b :5 x passes ov] ! h& ! e>? attracts x d[nw>d1 & ! /r+ is v mu* %ort5$3 s ! moon1 held by an ela/ic cord1 sw+s ar\nd ! e>?4 ,f its extreme di/ance f ! e>?1 at ,a1 ,fig4 #b1 x ru%es ) increas+ spe$ ne>ly a qu>t] ( a million ( miles t[>d ! sun1 feel+ its attraction increase ) e mile until x rea*es ,b2 !n x is ret>d$ 9 its spe$1 by ! same attraction1 z x climbs back its qu>t] ( a million ( miles away f ! sun1 9 defiance ( its p[]1 to ,c4 ,all ! :ile ! invisible ela/ic =ce ( ! e>? is unwe>i$ly ma9ta9$2 & ?\gh ! moon's di/ances v>y ov] a range ( #ca1cee miles1 ! moon is always 9 a det]m9able place4 ,a simple revolution ( "o _w ab\t ano!r 9 a circul> orbit w\ld be a problem ( easy solution4 ,x w\ld always be at ! same di/ance f its c5tre1 & go+ ) ! same velocity4 ,b !re are ov] sixty causes t int]f]e ) su* a simple orbit 9 ! case ( ! moon1 all ( :i* causes & _! di/urbances mu/ be consid]$ 9 calculat+ su* a simple matt] z an eclipse1 or pr$ict+ ! moon's place z ! sailors guide4 ,"o ( ! mo/ puzzl+ ( ! irregul>ities ,page #aa ( our night-w&]+ orb has j be5 expla9$ by ,pr(essor ,hans51 ( ,go?a1 z a curi\s result ( ! attraction ( ,v5us4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4--;,*anges ( orbit by mutual attraction4 ,take a s+le in/ance ( ! p]turbations ( ,jupit] & ,saturn :i* c be r5d]$ evid5t4 ,! times ( orbital revolution ( ,saturn & ,jupit] are ne>ly z five to two4 ,suppose ! orbits ( ! planets to be1 z 9 ,fig4 #c1 bo? ellipses1 b n necess>ily equally di/ant 9 all p>ts4 ,! planets are z ne> z possible at #a1 #a4 ,drawn t[>d ea* o!r by mutual attraction1 ,jupit]'s orbit b5ds outw>d1 & ,saturn's becomes m ne>ly /raight1 z %[n by ! dott$ l9es4 ,a p>tial correction ( ?is difficulty imm$iately foll[s4 ,z ,jupit] moves on ahead ( ,saturn x is held back--ret>d$ 9 its orbit by t body2 & ,saturn is ha/5$ 9 its orbit by ! attraction ( ,jupit]4 ,n[ great] spe$ means a /raight] orbit4 ,a rifle-ball flies ne>] 9 a /raight l9e ?an a ?r[n /one4 ,a great] velocity giv5 to a :irl$ ball pulls ! ela/ic cord f> en\gh to give ! ball a l>g] orbit4 ,h5ce1 be+ ha/5$1 ,saturn /ret*es out ne>] its prop] orbit1 &1 ret>d$1 ,jupit] approa*es ! small] curve t is its true orbit4 ,b if !y 7 always to meet at ?is po9t1 z !y w\ld if ,jupit] made two revolutions to ,saturn's "o1 x w\ld be disa/r\s4 ,9 reality1 :5 ,saturn has gone ar\nd two-?irds ( its orbit to #b1 ,jupit] w h gone once & two-?irds ar\nd & ov]tak5 ,page #ab ,saturn2 & !y w be ne> aga91 be drawn toge!r1 ha/5$1 & ret>d$1 z be=e2 _! next conjunction w\ld be at #c1 #c1 etc4 ,n[1 if !y always made _! conjunction at po9ts equally di/ant1 or at ?irds ( _! orbits1 x w\ld cause a s]ies ( increas+ deviations2 = ,jupit] w\ld be con/antly swell+ 8 orbit at ?ree po9ts1 & ,saturn increas+ly contract+ 8 orbit at ! same po9ts4 ,disa/] w\ld be easily =etold4 ,b z _! times ( orbital revolutions are n exactly 9 ! ratio ( five & two1 _! po9ts ( conjunction sl[ly travel ar\nd ! orbit1 till1 9 a p]iod ( n9e hundr$ ye>s1 ! />t+-po9t is aga9 rea*$1 & ! p]turbations h mutually correct$ "o ano!r4 ,= example1 ! total attractive effect ( "o planet on ! o!r = #dej ye>s is to quick5 its spe$4 ,! effect = ! next #dej ye>s is to ret>d4 ,! place ( ,saturn1 :5 all ! ret>dations h accumulat$ = #dej ye>s1 is "o degree beh9d :at x is comput$ if !y are n consid]$2 & #dej ye>s lat] x w be "o degree be=e its comput$ place--a p]turbation ( two degrees4 ,:5 a bullet is a little heavi] or ragg$ on "o side1 x w con/antly sw]ve 9 t direction4 ,! spiral groove 9 ! rifle1 ( "o turn 9 =ty-five feet1 turns ! di/urb+ weight or ragg$ness f side to side--makes "o error correct ano!r1 & s ! ball flies /raight to ! bull's-eye4 ,s ! place ( ,jupit] & ,saturn1 ?\gh fur!r complicat$ by f\r moons 9 ! case ( ,jupit]1 & eight 9 ! case ( ,saturn1 & also by p]turbations caus$ by o!r planets1 c be calculat$ ) exce$+ nicety4 ,! difficulties w\ld be greatly increas$ if ! orbits ,page #ac ( ,saturn & ,jupit]1 in/ead ( be+ #djj1jjj1jjj miles ap>t1 7 int]lac$4 ,yet !re are ! orbits ( "o hundr$ & n9ety-two a/]oids s int]lac$ t1 if !y 7 made ( wire1 no "o c\ld be lift$ )\t rais+ ! :ole net-"w ( !m4 ,nev]!less1 all ^! swift *>iots ( ! sky race along ! c\rse ( _! int]m+l+ tracks z securely z if !y 7 ea* guid$ by an intellig5t m9d4 ,!y are guid$ by an intellig5t m9d & an almighty arm4 ,/ill m complicat$ is ! "q ( ! mutual attractions ( all ! planets4 ,lagrange has be5 able to %[1 by a ma!matical g5ius t seems little %ort ( omnisci5ce 9 8 s+le dep>tm5t ( k1 t !re is a discov]$ sy/em ( oscillations1 affect+ ! entire planet>y sy/em1 ! p]iods ( :i* are imm5sely long4 ,! numb] ( ^! oscillations is equal to t ( all ! planets1 & _! p]iods range f #ej1jjj to #b1jjj1jjj ye>s1 ,look+ into ! op5 page ( ! />ry heav5s we see d\ble />s1 ! con/itu5t p>ts ( :i* mu/ revolve ar\nd a c5tre common to !m bo?1 or ru% to a common ru94 ,eag]ly we look to see if !y revolve1 & behold+ !m 9 ! v act1 we conclude1 n gr\ndlessly1 t ! same great law ( gravitation holds good 9 di/ant /ell> spaces1 & t !re ! same suffici5t m9d plans1 & ! same suffici5t p[] directs & controls all movem5ts 9 h>mony & security4 ,:5 we come to ! p]turbations caus$ by ! mutual attractions ( ! sun1 n9e planets1 tw5ty moons1 "o hundr$ & n9ety-two a/]oids1 millions ,page #ad ( comets1 & innum]able meteoric bodies sw>m+ 9 space1 & :5 we add to all ^!1 t belong to "o sol> sy/em1 ! attractions ( all ! sy/ems ( ! o!r suns t sp>kle on a brilliant w9t] night1 we are compell$ to say1 ,z high z ! heav5s are above ! e>?1 s high above our ?\ghts & ways mu/ be ! ?\ghts & ways ( ,him :o compreh5ds & directs !m all4 ,page #ae ,,ii4 ,,creative ,,progress4 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be light1 & !re 0 light4--,g5esis i41 #c4 ,god is light4--#a ,john1 i4 #e4 ,page #af ,hail6 holy light1 (fspr+ ( ,heav5 fir/ born1 ,or ( ! et]nal1 co-et]nal beam1 ,may ,i express !e unblam$8 s9ce ,god is light1 ,& nev] b 9 unapproa*$ light ,dwelt f et]nity1 dwelt !n 9 !e1 ,bright efflu5ce ( bright ess5ce increate4 ,,milton4 ,a million tor*es light$ by ,?y h& ,w&] unwe>i$ ?r\gh ! blue abyss3 ,!y own ,?y p[]1 accompli% ,?y comm&1 ,all gay ) life1 all eloqu5t ) bliss4 ,:at %all we call !m8 ,piles ( cry/al light-- ,a glori\s company ( gold5 /reams-- ,lamps ( cele/ial e!r burn+ bright-- ,suns light+ sy/ems ) _! joy\s beams8 ,b ',?\ to ^! art z ! noon to night4 ,,d]zhav91 trans4 by ,,b[r+4 ,page #ag ,,ii4 ,,creative ,,progress4 ,worlds w\ld be v imp]fect & useless :5 simply end[$ ) attraction & in]tia1 if no "t 7 all[$ = ^! =ces to "w out _! legitimate results4 ,we want some?+ m ?an swirl+ seas ( attract$ gases1 some?+ m ?an compact$ rocks4 ,we look = soil1 v]dure1 a p>adise ( beauty1 animal life1 & immortal m9ds4 ,let u g on ) ! process4 ,light is ! *ild ( =ce1 & ! *ild1 l its fa!r1 is full ( p[]4 ,we d[]$ our creat$ _w ) b a s+le quality--a =ce ( attraction4 ,x n only _h attraction = its own mat]ial sub/ance1 b s5t out an all-p]vasive attraction into space4 ,by ! =ce ( cond5sation x flam$ l a sun1 & n only light$ its own sub/ance1 b x fill$ all space ) ! lum9\s outgo+s ( its p[]4 ,a _w may be limit$1 b its influ5ce _c2 its body may h b\nds1 b its s\l is inf9ite4 ,ev]y:]e is its manife/ation z real1 p[] z effective1 pres5ce z actual1 z at ! c5tral po9t4 ,he t /udies pond]able bodies alone is n /udy+ ! univ]se1 only its skeleton4 ,skeletons are some:at int]e/+ 9 !mselves1 b f> m s :5 cov]$ ) fle%1 flu%$ ) beauty1 & inspir$ ) s\l4 ,! univ]se ,page #ah has bones1 fle%1 beauty1 s\l1 & all is "o4 ,x c be und]/ood only by a /udy ( all its p>ts1 & by trac+ effect to cause4 ,b h[ c cond5sation cause light8 ,p[] _c be quiet4 ,! mighty locomotive trembles ) its own en]gy4 ,a smitt5 piece ( iron has all its inf9itesimal atoms set 9 vehem5t commotion2 !y surge back & =? among !mselves1 l ! waves ( a /orm-bl[n lake4 ,heat is a mode ( motion4 ,a heat$ body comm5ces a vigor\s vibration among its p>ticles1 & communicates ^! vibrations to ! surr\nd+ air & e!r4 ,:5 ^! vibrations rea* #cif1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj p] second1 ! human eye1 fitt$ to be affect$ by t numb]1 disc]ns ! emitt$ undulations1 & ! object seems to gl[ ) a dull r$ light2 becom+ hott]1 ! vibrations increase 9 rapidity4 ,:5 !y rea* #gfe1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj p] second ! color becomes violet1 & ! eye c obs]ve !m no f>!r4 ,betwe5 ^! numb]s are ^? ( diff]5t rapidities1 :i* affect ! eye--z orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 indigo1 9 an almo/ inf9ite numb] ( %ades--accord+ to ! s5sitiv5ess ( ! eye4 ,we n[ see h[ our d>k imm5sity ( attractive atoms c become lum9\s4 ,a =ce ( compression results 9 vibrations )91 communicat$ to ! e!r1 disc]n$ by ! eye4 ,illu/rations are num]\s4 ,if we sudd5ly pu% a pi/on into a cyl9d] ( brass1 ! =ce produces heat en\gh to set fire to an inflammable sub/ance )94 ,/rike a half-in* cube ( iron a mod]ate bl[ & x becomes w>m2 a suffici5t bl[1 & its vibrations become quick en\gh to be se5--x is r$-hot4 ,atta* a !rmomet] to an ext5d$ ,page #ai arm ( a :irl+ :eel2 drive x aga9/ ! air five hundr$ feet p] second1 ! m]cury rises #af4 ,! e>? goes #ih1jjj feet p] second1 or "o ?\s& miles a m9ute4 ,if x come to an a]olite or mass ( metallic rock1 or ev5 a cl\dlet ( gas1 /&+ /ill 9 space1 its contact ) our air evolves #fjj1jjj ( heat4 ,& :5 ! meteor comes t[>d ! _w tw5ty-six miles a second1 ! heat w\ld become proportionally great] if ! meteor c\ld abide x1 & n be consum$ 9 f]v5t heat4 ,x vani%es almo/ z soon z se54 ,if !re 7 meteoric masses en\gh ly+ 9 our pa?1 our sky w\ld blaze ) myriads ( fla%es ( light4 ,en\gh h be5 se5 to enable a p]son to read by !m at night4 ,if a suffici5t numb] 7 pres5t1 we %\ld miss _! individual fla%es z !y bl5d _! sep>ate fires 9 "o sea ( insuff]able glory4 ,! sun is #a1cjj1jjj times z l>ge z our planet2 its attraction proportionally great]2 ! a]olites m num]\s2 & h5ce an inf9ite hail ( /ones1 small masses & little worlds1 makes ceaseless trails ( light1 ^: individuality is lo/ 9 "o dazzl+ sea ( glory4 ,on ! #a/ day ( ,septemb]1 #ahei1 two a/ronom]s1 indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1 saw a sudd5 bright5+ on ! surface ( ! sun4 ,probably two l>ge meteoric masses 7 travell+ side by side at two or ?ree hundr$ miles p] second1 & /rik+ ! sun's atmosph]e1 sudd5ly blaz$ into light bright en\gh to be se5 on ! intol]able light ( ! photosph]e z a backgr\nd4 ,! e>? respond$ to ?is new cause ( brilliance & heat 9 ! sun4 ,vivid auroras appe>$1 n only at ! nor? & s\? poles1 b ev5 :]e su* spectacles are seldom se54 ,! electro-magnetic ,page #bj di/urbances 7 m di/9ctly m>k$4 ,9 _m places ! telegraphic wires /ruck "w4 ,9 ,wa%+ton & ,philadelphia ! electric signalm5 receiv$ sev]e electric %ocks2 at a /ation 9 ,norway ! telegraphic app>atus 0 set fire to2 & at ,bo/on a flame ( fire foll[$ ! p5 ( ,ba9's electric telegraph4 ,!re is ! be/ ( reason = believ+ t a cont9u\s succession ( su* bodies might h gone f> t[>d r5d]+ ! e>? uncom=table z a place ( resid5ce4 ,( c\rse1 ! same result ( heat & light w\ld foll[ f compression1 if a body _h ! p[] ( contraction 9 itself4 ,we end[$ e p>ticle ( our gas1 myriads ( miles 9 ext5t1 ) an attraction = e o!r p>ticle4 ,x imm$iately compress$ itself into a light-giv+ body1 :i* flam$ out ?r\gh ! int]/ell> spaces1 flu%+ all ! cele/ial regions ) exub]ant light4 ,b heat ex]ts a repell5t =ce among p>ticles1 & soon an equilibrium is rea*$1 = !re comes a "t :5 ! contract+ body c contract no f>!r4 ,b heat & light radiate away into cold space1 !n contraction goes on evolv+ m light1 & s ! suns flame on ?r\gh ! millions ( ye>s unqu5*$4 ,x is e/imat$ t ! contraction ( our sun1 f fill+ imm5sity ( space to its pres5t size1 c\ld n af=d heat en\gh to la/ m ?an #ah1jjj1jjj ye>s1 & t its contraction f its pres5t d5sity 7t ( a swamp7 to su* rock z t ( :i* our e>? is compos$1 c\ld supply heat en\gh = #ag1jjj1jjj ye>s long]4 ,b ! f>-see+ m9d ( man kn[s a "t mu/ come :5 ! pres5t =ce ( attraction ,page #ba %all h produc$ all ! heat x c1 & a new =ce ( attraction mu/ be add$1 or ! sun itself w become cold z a c9d]1 dead z a burn$-out *>4 ,s9ce light & heat are ! product ( su* enorm\s cosmic =ces1 !y mu/ p>take ( _! nature1 & be =ce4 ,s !y are4 ,! sun has long arms1 & !y are full ( unconqu]able /r5g? n9ety-two millions1 or any o!r numb] ( millions1 ( miles away4 ,all ?is light & heat comes ?r\gh space t is #bjj bel[ z]o1 ?r\gh utt] d>kness1 & appe>s only on ! e>?4 ,s ! gas is d>kness 9 ! und]gr\nd pipes1 b light at ! burn]4 ,s ! electric p[] is unfelt by ! cable 9 ! bosom ( ! deep1 b is expressive ( ?\ght & feel+ at ! end4 ,hav+ f\nd ! cause ( light1 we w comm5ce a /udy ( its qualities & p[]s4 ,light is ! a/ronom]'s necessity4 ,:5 ! sublime ^w 0 utt]$1 ,let !re be light6 ! /udy ( a/ronomy 0 made possible4 ,man c ga!r b little ( x ) 8 eye2 s he takes a l5s tw5ty-six in*es 9 diamet]1 & b5ds all ! light t passes ?r\gh x to a focus1 !n magnifies ! image & takes x into 8 eye4 ,or he takes a mirror1 six feet 9 diamet]1 s holl[$ 9 ! middle z to reflect all ! rays fall+ ^u x to "o po9t1 & makes ?is l>g] eye fill 8 own ) light4 ,by ?is l>g] light-ga!r+ he disc]ns ?+s = :i* ! light fall+ on 8 pupil "o-fif? ( an in* 9 diamet] w\ld n be suffici5t4 ,we nev] h se5 any sun or />s2 we h only se5 ! light t left !m fifty m9utes or ye>s ago1 m or less4 ,light is ! arial sprite t c>ries our measur+-rods across ! inf9ite ,page #bb spaces2 light spreads out ! hi/ory ( t f>-(f beg9n+2 br+s u ! measure ( />s a ?\s& times bright] ?an our sun2 takes up into itself evid5ces ( ! v con/itutional elem5ts ( ! f>-(f suns1 & spreads !m at our feet4 ,x is ( su* capacity t ! ,div9e nature1 look+ = an expression ( its own omnipot5ce1 omnisci5ce1 & p[] ( revelation1 0 cont5t to say1 ,god is ,light4 ,we %all ne$ all our delicacy ( analysis & measurem5t :5 we seek to det]m9e ! activities ( matt] s f9e & ne> to _s z light4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4--,velocity ( ,light measur$ by ,eclipses ( ,jupit]'s ,moons4 ,we fir/ seek ! velocity ( light4 ,9 ,fig4 #d ! e>? is #ib1ejj1jjj miles f ! sun at ,e2 ,jupit] is #dhj1jjj1jjj miles f ! sun at ,j4 ,x has f\r moons3 ! inn] "o goes ar\nd ! c5tral body 9 =ty-two h\rs1 & is eclips$ at e revolution4 ,! light t w5t out f ! sun to ,m ceases to be reflect$ back to ! e>? by ! int]v5tion ( ! planet ,jupit]4 ,we "k to a second :5 ^! eclipses take place1 & !y c be se5 ) a small telescope4 ,b :5 ! e>? is on ! opposite side ( ! sun ,page #bc f ,jupit]1 at ,e'1 ^! eclipses at ,j' take place sixte5 & a half m9utes too late4 ,:at is ! reason8 ,is ! cele/ial *ronometry gett+ d]ang$8 ,no1 inde$2 ^! great worlds sw+ nev] an in* out ( place1 nor a second out ( "t4 ,by go+ to ! o!r side ( ! sun ! e>? is #ahd1jjj1jjj miles f>!r f ,jupit]1 & ! light t br+s ! intellig5ce ( t eclipse consumes ! extra "t 9 go+ ov] ! extra di/ance4 ,divide "o by ! o!r & we get ! velocity1 #ahe1jjj miles p] second4 ,t is probably correct to )9 a ?\s& miles4 ,me?ods ( measurem5t by ! too!d :eel ( ,fizeau confirm ?is result4 ,suppose ! :eel1 ,fig4 #e1 to h "o ?\s& tee?1 mak+ five revolutions to ! second4 ,five ?\s& fla%es ( light ea* second w d>t out4 ,let ea* fla% travel n9e miles to a mirror & return4 ,if x goes t di/ance 9 #a_/ajjjj ( a second1 or at ! rate ( #ahj1jjj miles a second1 ! next too? w h arriv$ be=e ! eye1 & ea* return+ ray be cut (f4 ,ha/5 ! revolutions a little1 & ! next not* w !n admit ! ray1 on its return1 t w5t out ( ea* previ\s not*3 ! eighte5 miles hav+ be5 trav]s$ mean:ile4 ,! me?od ( measur+ by means ( a revolv+ mirror1 us$ by ,faucault1 is held to be ev5 m accurate4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4--,measur+ ! ,velocity ( ,light4 ,:5 we take in/antane\s photographs by ! exposure ,page #bd ( ! s5sitive plate #a_/bjjjj "p ( a second1 a /ream ( light n9e miles long da%es 9 ^u ! plate 9 t v brief p]iod ( "t4 ,! highe/ velocity we c give a rifle-ball is #bjjj feet a second1 ! next second x is only #aejj feet1 & soon x comes to re/4 ,we _c compact =ce en\gh beh9d a bit ( lead to keep x fly+4 ,b light flies unwe>i$ly & )\t dim9ution ( spe$4 ,:5 x has come f ! sun 9 eight m9utes1 ,alpha ,c5tauri 9 ?ree ye>s1 ,pol>is 9 =ty-five ye>s1 o!r />s 9 "o ?\s&1 its w+s are 9 n[ise fatigu$1 nor is ! rapidity ( its flight slack5$ 9 ! lea/4 ,x is n ! transactions ( to-day t we read 9 ! heav5s1 b x is hi/ory1 "s ( x old] ?an ! "t ( ,adam4 ,^? />s may h be5 smitt5 out ( exi/5ce decades ( c5turies ago1 b _! p\r$-out light is yet flood+ ! heav5s4 ,x goes bo? ways at once 9 ! same place1 )\t int]f]5ce4 ,we see ! light reflect$ f ! new moon to ! e>?2 reflect$ back f ! h\se-tops1 fields1 & wat]s ( e>?1 to ! moon aga91 & f ! moon to u once m--?ree times 9 opposite directions1 9 ! same place1 )\t int]f]5ce1 & ?us we see ! old moon 9 ! arms ( ! new4 ,con/itution ( ,light4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4--,:ite ,light resolv$ into ,colors4 ,light 0 once suppos$ to be corpuscul>1 or consi/+ ( transmitt$ p>ticles4 ,x is n[ kn[n to be ! result ( undulations 9 e!r4 ,ref]5ce has be5 made to ! m9ut5ess ( ^! undulations4 ,_! velocity is equally wond]ful4 ,put a prism ( glass into a ray ( light com+ into a d>k room1 & x is ,page #be in/antly turn$ out ( its c\rse1 "s p>ts m & "s less1 accord+ to ! numb] ( vibrations1 & appe>s z ! sev5 colors on diff]5t p>ts ( ! scre54 ,fig4 #f %[s ! arrangem5t ( colors1 & ! numb] ( millions ( millions ( vibrations p] second ( ea*4 ,b ! diff]5t divisions we call colors are n colors 9 !mselves at all1 b simply a diff]5t numb] ( vibrations4 ,color is all 9 ! eye4 ,violet has 9 diff]5t places f #gaf to #gfe1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj ( vibrations p] second2 r$ has1 9 diff]5t places1 f #cif to #dgj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj vibrations p] second4 ,none ( ^! 9 any s5se are color1 b affect ! eye diff]5tly1 & we call ^! diff]5t effects color4 ,!y are simply v>i\s velocities ( vibration4 ,an object1 l "o k9d ( /ripe 9 our flag1 :i* absorbs all k9ds ( vibrations except ^? betwe5 #cif & #dgj1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1 & reflects ^?1 appe>s r$ to u4 ,! field = ! />s absorbs & de/roys all b ^? vibrations numb]+ ab\t #fec1jjj1jjj1jjj1jjj ( ,page #be vibrations p] second4 ,a color is a con/ant creation4 ,light makes mom5t>y color 9 ! flag4 ,drake might h writt51 9 ! cont9u\s pres5t z well z 9 ! pa/1 ,fre$om m+les ) its gorge\s dyes ,! milky baldrick ( ! skies1 ,& /ripes its pore cele/ial :ite ,) /reak+s ( ! morn+ light4 ,e little pansy1 t5d] z fancy1 pe>l$ ) evanesc5t dew1 fre% z a new creation ( sunbeams1 has p[] to suppress 9 "o "p ( its petals all vibrations we call r$1 9 ano!r ^? we call yell[1 & purple1 & reflect ea* ( ^! 9 o!r p>ts ( ! same t5d] petal4 ,pansies are = ?\ghts1 ev5 m ?\ghts ?an poor ,ophelia knew4 ,an ev5+ cl\d t is d5se en\gh to absorb all ! fa/] & weak] vibrations1 leav+ only ! /rong] to come ?r\gh1 w be said to be r$2 because ! vibrations t produce ! impression we h s nam$ are ! only ones t h vigor en\gh to get ?r\gh4 ,x is l an army *>g+ ^u a =tress4 ,"u ! deadly fire & fe>ful ob/ructions six-sev5?s g d[n1 b "o-sev5? comes ?r\gh ) ! glory ( victory ^u its face4 ,light comes 9 undulations to ! eye1 z tones ( s\nd to ! e>4 ,mu/ n light also s+8 ,! l[e/ tone we c he> is made by #af4e vibrations ( air p] second2 ! highe/1 s %rill & f9e t no?+ lives 'twixt x & sil5ce1 is made by #ch1jjj vibrations p] second4 ,betwe5 ^! extremes lie elev5 octaves2 ,c ( ! ,g clef hav+ #beh-g_/h vibrations to ! second1 & its octave above #eag-a_/b4 ,n t s\nd vibrations cease ,page #bg at #ch1jjj1 b our organs are n fitt$ to he> beyond ^? limitations4 ,if our e>s 7 delicate en\gh1 we c\ld he> ev5 up to ! almo/ inf9ite vibrations ( light4 ,9 "o ( ^? semi-inspirations we f9d 9 ,%akspe>e's works1 he says-- ,!re's n ! smalle/ orb :i* ?\ beholde/1 ,b 9 8 motion l an angel s+s1 ,/ill quir+ to ! "y-ey$ *]ubim4 ,su* h>mony is 9 immortal s\ls2 ,b1 :il/ ?is muddy ve/ure ( decay ,do? grossly close x 91 we _c he> x4 ,& t old] poetry :i* is always highe/ tru? says1 ,! morn+ />s s+ toge!r4 ,we miscon/ru$ ano!r passage :i* we c\ld n und]/&1 & did n d>e translate z x 0 writt51 till sci5ce crept up to a p]ception ( ! tru? t _h be5 /&+ !re = ages1 wait+ a m9d t c\ld take x 94 ,n[ we read z x is writt5--,?\ make/ ! out-go+s ( ! morn+ & ev5+ to s+4 ,7 our s5ses f9e en\gh1 we c\ld he> ! sep>ate keynote ( e individual />4 ,/>s diff] 9 glory & 9 p[]1 & s 9 ! volume & pit* ( _! song4 ,7 our he>+ s5sitive en\gh1 we c\ld he> n only ! sep>ate key-notes b ! inf9ite swell+ h>mony ( ^! myriad />s ( ! sky1 z !y p\r _! mighty tide ( unit$ an!ms 9 ! e> ( ,god3 ,9 reason's e> !y all rejoice1 ,& utt] =? a glori\s voice4 ,=ev] s++1 z !y %9e1 ,! h& t made u is div9e4 ,?is music is n monoton\s4 ,/>s draw ne> ea* o!r1 & make a light t is unapproa*able by mortals2 ,page #bh !n ! music swells beyond our ability to endure4 ,!y rec$e f> away1 mak+ a light s dim t ! music dies away1 s ne> to sil5ce t only spirits c p]ceive x4 ,no wond] ,god rejoices 9 8 works4 ,!y p\r into 8 e> "o ceaseless tide ( raptur\s song4 ,our s5ses are limit$--we h only five1 b !re is room = _m m4 ,"s "t we %all be tak5 out ( ?is muddy ve/ure ( decay1 no long] see ! univ]se ?r\gh crevices ( our prison-h\se1 b %all range ?r\gh wid] fields1 explore deep] my/]ies1 & discov] new worlds1 h9ts ( :i* h nev] yet be5 bl[n across ! wide ,atlantic t rolls betwe5 !m & m5 abid+ 9 ! fle%4 ,*emi/ry ( ,suns reveal$ by ,light4 ,:5 we exam9e ! assemblage ( colors spread f ! :ite ray ( sunlight1 we d n f9d r$ simple r$1 yell[ yell[1 etc41 b !re is a va/ numb] ( f9e microscopic l9es ( v>i\s l5g?s1 p>allel--"h ne> toge!r1 !re f> ap>t1 always ! same numb] & ! same relative di/ance1 :5 ! same light & prism are us$4 ,:at new alphabets to new realms ( k are ^!6 ,rememb]1 t :at we call colors are only v>i\s numb]s ( vibrations ( e!r4 ,rememb]1 t e little gr\p 9 ! inf9ite v>iety ( ^! vibrations may be affect$ diff]5tly f e o!r gr\p4 ,"o numb] ( ^! is b5t by ! prism to :]e we see :at we call ! violet1 ano!r numb] to ! place we call r$4 ,all ( ! vibrations are de/roy$ :5 !y /rike a surface we call black4 ,a "p ( !m are de/roy$ :5 ,page #bi !y /rike a sub/ance we call color$4 ,! re/ are reflect$1 & give ! impression ( color4 ,9 "o place on ! flag ( our nation all vibrations are de/roy$ except ! r$2 9 ano!r1 all b ! blue4 ,p]haps on t o!r gorge\s flag1 n ( our c\ntry b ( our sun1 ! flag we call ! sol> spectrum1 all vibrations are de/roy$ :]e ^! d>k l9es appe>4 ,p]haps ?is effect is n produc$ by ! surface ^u :i* ! rays fall1 b by "s specific sub/ance 9 ! sun4 ,?is is j ! tru?4 ,light pass+ ?r\gh vapor ( sodium has ! vibrations t w\ld fall on two n>r[ l9es 9 ! yell[ utt]ly de/roy$1 leav+ two black spaces4 ,light pass+ ?r\gh vapor ( burn+ iron has "s f\r hundr$ numb]s or k9ds ( vibrations de/roy$1 leav+ t numb] ( black l9es2 b if ! salt or iron be gl[+ gas1 9 ! s\rce ( ! light itself ! same l9es are bright in/ead ( d>k4 ,?us we h br\ght to our doors a readable record ( ! v sub/ances compos+ e _w hot en\gh to %9e by its own light4 ,?us1 :ile our flag means all we h ( lib]ty1 free z ! w9ds t kiss x1 & bright z ! />s t %9e 9 x1 ! flag ( ! sun means all t x is 9 con/itu5t elem5ts1 all t x is 9 condition4 ,we f9d 9 our sun _m sub/ances kn[n to exi/ 9 ! e>?1 & "s t we _h n discov]$ :5 ! sun wrote _! names1 or r made _! m>k1 9 ! spectrum4 ,?us1 also1 we f9d t ,betelguese & ,algol are )\t any p]ceivable indications ( hydrog51 & ,sirius has x 9 abundance4 ,:at a s5se ( acqua9tance%ip x gives u to look up & recognize ,page #cj ! />s ^: v sub/ance we "k6 ,if we 7 transport$ ?i!r1 or beyond1 we %\ld n be altoge!r /rang]s 9 an unkn[n realm4 ,b ! />s diff] 9 _! con/itu5t elem5ts2 e ray t fla%es f !m be>s 9 its v be+ pro(s ( :at !y are4 ,h5ce ! eye ( ,omnisci5ce1 see+ a ray ( light any:]e 9 ! univ]se1 ?\gh gone f its s\rce a ?\s& ye>s1 w\ld be able to tell f :at orb x orig9ally came4 ,creative ,=ce ( ,light4 ,j above ! color vibrations ( ! unbraid$ sunbeam1 above ! violet1 :i* is ! highe/ numb] our eyes c detect1 is a *emical =ce2 x works ! *anges on ! glass plate 9 photography2 x transfigures ! d>k1 cold soil into woody fibre1 gre5 leaf1 d[ny rose petals1 lusci\s fruit1 & f> p]vasive odor2 x flu%es ! wide acres ( ! prairie ) grass & fl[]s1 fills ! valleys ) trees1 & cov]s ! hills ) corn1 a s+le blade ( :i* all ! p[] ( man c\ld n make4 ,?is p[] is also fit & able to survive4 ,! eng9e] ,/eph5son once ask$ ,dr4 ,buckl&1 ,:at is ! p[] t drives t tra98 po9t+ to "o ?und]+ by4 ,well1 ,i suppose x is "o ( y\r big eng9es4 ,b :at drives ! eng9e8 ,oh1 v likely a canny ,newca/le driv]4 ,no1 sir1 said ! eng9e]1 x is sun%9e4 ,! doctor 0 too dull to take x 94 ,let u see if we c trace su* an evid5t effect to t di/ant cause4 ,ages ago ! w>m sun%9e1 fall+ on ! sc>cely lift$ hills ( ,p5nsylvania1 caus$ ! re$y vegetation to gr[ along ! banks ( ,page #ca %all[ seas1 accumulat$ va/ am\nts ( ?is vegetation1 sunk x b5ea? ! sea1 ro($ x ov] ) s&1 compact$ ! s& into rock1 & *ang$ ?is vegetable matt]--! products ( ! sun%9e--into coal2 & :5 x 0 ready1 lift$ x once m1 all g>n]$ = ! use ( m51 ro($ ov] ) mighty m\nta9s4 ,we m9e ! coal1 br+ out ! heat1 raise ! /eam1 drive ! tra91 s t 9 ! ultimate analyses x is sun%9e t drives ! tra94 ,^! great b$s ( coal are no?+ b cond5s$ sun%9e--! sun's great =ce1 ?r\gh ages gone1 pres]v$ = our use to-day4 ,& x is s full ( =ce t a piece ( coal t w weigh ?ree p\nds 7z big z a l>ge pair ( fi/s7 has z mu* p[] 9 x z ! av]age man puts into a day's "w4 ,?ree tons ( coal w pump z mu* wat] or %ovel z mu* s& z ! av]age man w pump or %ovel 9 a lifetime2 s t if a man proposes to d no?+ b "w ) 8 muscles1 he _h bett] dig ?ree tons ( coal & set t to d 8 "w & !n die1 because 8 "w w be bett] done1 & )\t any co/ = ! ma9t5ance ( ! do]4 ,come d[n bel[ ! color vibrations1 & we %all f9d t ^? :i* are too infrequ5t to be visible1 manife/ z heat4 ,naturally !re w be z _m diff]5t k9ds ( heat z t9ts ( color1 because !re is z great a range ( numb]s ( vibration4 ,x is our privilege to sift !m ap>t & sort !m ov]1 & f9d :at k9ds are be/ adapt$ to our v>i\s uses4 ,take an electric lamp1 giv+ a /rong beam ( light & heat1 & ) a plano-convex l5s ga!r x into a s+le beam & direct x ^u a !rmomet]1 tw5ty feet away1 t is made ( glass & fill$ ) air4 ,! ,page #cb expansion or contraction ( ?is air w indicate ! v>y+ am\nts ( heat4 ,wat* y\r air-!rmomet]1 on :i* ! beam ( heat is p\r+1 = ! result4 ,!re is none4 ,& yet !re is a /rong curr5t ( heat !re4 ,put ano!r k9d ( te/ ( heat beyond x & x appe>s2 coat ! air-!rmomet] ) a bit ( black clo?1 & t w absorb heat & reveal x4 ,b :y n at fir/8 ,because ! glass l5s /ops all ! heat t c affect glass4 ,! tw5ty feet ( air absorbs all ! heat t affects air1 & no k9d ( heat is left to affect an in/rum5t made ( glass & air2 b !re are k9ds ( heat en\gh to affect in/rum5ts made ( o!r ?+s4 ,a v /rong curr5t ( heat may be s5t "r ?r\gh ! he>t ( a block ( ice )\t melt+ ! ice at all or cool+ (f ! heat 9 ! lea/4 ,x is done 9 ?is way3 ,s5d ! beam ( heat ?r\gh wat] 9 a glass tr\gh1 & ?is absorbs all ! heat t c affect wat] or ice1 gett+ itself hot1 & leav+ all o!r k9ds ( heat to g ?r\gh ! ice beyond2 & appropriate te/s %[ t z mu* heat comes out on ! o!r side z goes 9 on ?is side1 & x does n melt ! ice at all4 ,gunp[d] may be explod$ by heat s5t ?r\gh ice4 ,dr4 ,kane1 ye>s ago1 made ?is exp]im5t4 ,he 0 com+ d[n f ! nor?1 & fell 9 ) "s ,esquimaux1 :om he 0 anxi\s to conciliate4 ,he said to ! old wiz>d ( ! tribe1 ,i am a wiz>d2 ,i c br+ ! sun d[n out ( ! heav5s ) a piece ( ice4 ,t 0 a good1 deal to say 9 a c\ntry :]e !re 0 s little sun4 ,s1 he writes1 ,i took my hat*et1 *ipp$ a small piece ( ice into ! =m ( a d\ble-convex l5s1 ,page #cc smoo!d x ) my w>m h&s1 held x up to ! sun1 &1 z ! old man 0 bl9d1 ,i k9dly burn$ a bli/] on ! back ( 8 h& to %[ him ,i c\ld d x4 ,^! are simple illu/rations ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( heat4 ,! be/ furnace or /ove ev] inv5t$ consumes fifte5 times z mu* fuel to produce a giv5 am\nt ( heat z ! furnace 9 our bodies consumes to produce a simil> am\nt4 ,we lay 9 our supplies ( c>bon at ! breakfa/1 d9n]1 & supp] table1 & keep ourselves w>m by economically burn+ x ) ! oxyg5 we brea!4 ,heat associat$ ) light has v diff]5t qualities f t :i* is n4 ,sunlight melts ice 9 ! middle1 bottom1 & top at once4 ,ice 9 ! spr+-"t is honey-comb$ ?r\gh\t4 ,a piece ( ice set 9 ! summ] sun%9e crumbles into sep>ate cry/als4 ,d>k heat only melts ! surface4 ,ne>ly all ! heat ( ! sun passes ?r\gh glass )\t h9d]ance2 b take heat f :ite-hot plat9um & only sev5ty-six p] c5t4 ( x goes ?r\gh glass1 tw5ty-f\r p] c5t4 be+ s con/itut$ t x _c pass ) facility4 ,( heat f copp] at #geb only six p] c5t4 c g ?r\gh glass1 ! o!r n9ety-f\r p] c5t4 be+ absorb$ by x4 ,! heat ( ! sun beam goes ?r\gh glass )\t ,page #cd any h9d]ance :atev]4 ,x /reams into ! room z freely z if !re 7 no glass !re4 ,b :at if ! furnace or /ove heat w5t ?r\gh glass ) equal facility8 ,we might z well try to heat our rooms ) ! w9d[-panes all out1 & ! bla/ ( w9t] sweep+ ?r\gh !m4 ,! heat ( ! sun1 by its int5se vibrations1 comes to ! e>? d[]$ ) a p[] :i* pi]ces ! miles ( our atmosph]e1 b if our air 7 z p]vi\s to ! heat ( ! e>?1 ?is heat w\ld flyaway e night1 & our temp]ature w\ld g d[n to #bjj bel[ z]o4 ,?is heat comes ) ! light1 & !n1 dissociat$ f x1 ! numb] ( its vibrations less5$1 x is robb$ ( its p[] to get away1 & rema9s to "w its b5efic5t ends = our good4 ,worlds t are s di/ant z to receive only #a_/ajjj ( ! heat we enjoy1 may h atmosph]es t reta9 x all4 ,inde$ x is probable t ,m>s1 t receives b "o-qu>t] z mu* heat z ! e>?1 has a temp]ature z high z ours4 ,! poet drew on 8 imag9ation :5 he wrote3 ,:o !re inhabit mu/ h o!r p[]s1 ,juices1 & ve9s1 & s5se & life ?an ours2 ,"o mom5t's cold l !irs w\ld pi]ce ! bone1 ,freeze ! he>t's-blood1 & turn u all to /one4 ,! p[] t j\rneys along ! cele/ial spaces 9 ! fla%+ sun%9e is beyond our compreh5sion4 ,x accompli%es ) ease :at man /rives 9 va9 to d ) all 8 /r5g?4 ,at ,we/ ,po9t !re are "s l9ks ( a *a9 t 0 /ret*$ across ! riv] to prev5t ,briti% %ips f asc5d+2 ^! l9ks 7 made ( two-&-a-qu>t]-in* iron4 ,a p[]ful locomotive might tug 9 va9 at "o ( !m & n /ret* x ! ?\s&? "p ( an in*4 ,b ! heat ( a s+le gas-burn]1 t gl[s ) ! pres]v$ sunlight ( o!r ages1 :5 suitably appli$ to ! l9k1 /ret*es x ) ease2 su* enorm\s p[] has a little heat4 ,!re is a c]ta9 iron bridge across ! ,?ames at ,london1 re/+ on ar*es4 ,! w>m sun%9e1 act+ ,page #ce ^u ! iron1 /ations its p>ticles f>!r & f>!r ap>t4 ,s9ce ! bottom _c give way ! ar*es mu/ rise 9 ! middle4 ,z !y become long] !y lift ! :ole bridge1 & all ! ?und]+ locomotives & miles ( goods-tra9s _c br+ t bridge d[n aga9 until ! p[] ( ! sun%9e has be5 )drawn4 ,!re is ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t1 ?irty-two feet squ>e at ! base1 ) an elevation ( two hundr$ & tw5ty feet4 ,! sun%9e ( e summ]'s day takes hold ( t mighty pile ( granite ) its arial f+]s1 l5g!ns ! side affect$1 & b5ds ! :ole great mass z easily z "o w\ld b5d a :ip/ock4 ,a few ye>s ago we hung a plummet f ! top ( ?is monum5t to ! bottom4 ,at #i ,a4,m4 x began to move t[>d ! we/2 at noon x swung r\nd t[>d ! nor?2 9 ! aft]noon x w5t ea/ ( :]e x fir/ 01 & 9 ! night x settl$ back to its orig9al place4 ,! sun%9e says to ! sea1 held 9 ! grasp ( gravitation1 ,rise f y\r b$6 ,let millions ( tons ( wat] fly on ! w+s ( ! viewless air1 hundr$s ( miles to ! di/ant m\nta9s1 & p\r !re ^? millions ( tons t %all refre% a :ole cont95t1 & %all ga!r 9 riv]s fitt$ to be> ! comm]ce & ! navies ( nations4 ,gravitation says1 ,i w hold e p>ticle ( ?is ocean z ne> ! c5tre ( ! e>? z ,i c4 ,sun%9e speaks ) its ^w ( p[]1 & says1 ,up & away6 ,& 9 ! wrea?+ mi/s ( morn+ ^! myriads ( tons rise 9 ! air1 flyaway hundr$s ( miles1 & supply all ! ,niag>as1 ,mississippis & ,amazons ( e>?4 ,! sun says to ! e>?1 wrapp$ 9 ! mantle ( w9t]1 ,page #cf ,bloom aga92 & ! sn[s melt1 ! ice retires1 & vegetation breaks =?1 birds s+1 & spr+ is ab\t u4 ,?us x is evid5t t e =ce is con/itutionally arrang$ to be ov]come by a high]1 & all by ! highe/4 ,gravitation ( e>? naturally & legitimately yields to ! p[] ( ! sun's heat1 & !n ! wat]s fly into ! cl\ds4 ,x z naturally & legitimately yields to ! p[] ( m9d1 & ! wat]s ( ! ,r$ ,sea are divid$ & /& upright z an heap4 ,wat] naturally bur/s into flame :5 a bit ( potassium is ?r[n into x1 & z naturally :5 ,elijah calls ! "r k9d ( fire f above4 ,:at seems a miracle1 & 9 contrav5tion ( law1 is only ! con/itutional ex]cise ( high] =ce ov] =ces organiz$ to be sway$4 ,if law 7 p]fectly rigid1 !re c\ld be b "o =ce2 b _m grades exi/ f cohesion to m9d & _s4 ,! highe/ =ces are meant to h victory1 & ?us give ! highe/ ord] & p]fectness4 ,across ! a/ronomic spaces rea* all ^! p[]s1 mak+ creation a p]petual process r ?an a s+le act4 ,x almo/ seems z if light1 9 its v>i$ capacities1 7 ! embodim5t ( ,god's creative p[]2 z if1 hav+ said1 ,let !re be light1 he ne$ d no?+ else1 b all[ x to c>ry =w>d ! creative processes to ! end ( "t4 ,x 0 ,newton1 "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ acute inve/igators 9 ?is /udy ( light1 :o said1 ,i seem to h w&]$ on ! %ore ( ,tru?'s great ocean1 & to h ga!r$ a few pebbles m beautiful ?an common2 b ! va/ ocean itself rolls be=e me undiscov]$ & unexplor$4 ,page #cg ,,exp]im5ts ,,) ,,light4 ,a light set 9 a room is se5 f e place2 h5ce light /reams 9 e possible direction4 ,if put 9 ! c5tre ( a holl[ sph]e1 e po9t ( ! surface w be equally illum9$4 ,if put 9 a sph]e ( twice ! diamet]1 ! same light w fall on all ! l>g] surface4 ,! surfaces ( sph]es are z ! squ>es ( _! diamet]s2 h5ce1 9 ! l>g] sph]e ! surface is illum9$ only "o-qu>t] z mu* z ! small]4 ,! same is true ( l>ge & small rooms4 ,9 ,fig4 #g x is app>5t t ! light t falls on ! fir/ squ>e is spread1 at twice ! di/ance1 ov] ! second squ>e1 :i* is f\r times z l>ge1 & at ?ree times ! di/ance ov] n9e times ! surface4 ,! v>y+ am\nt ( light receiv$ by ea* planet is also %[n 9 fractions above ea* _w1 ! am\nt receiv$ by ! e>? be+ #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4--,measur+ ,int5sities ( ,light4 ,! int5sity ( light is easily measur$4 ,let two lights ( diff]5t brightness1 z 9 ,fig4 #h1 ca/ %ad[s on ! same scre54 ,arrange !m z to di/ance s t bo? %ad[s %all be equally d>k4 ,let !m fall side by side1 & /udy !m c>efully4 ,measure ! respective di/ances4 ,suppose "o is tw5ty in*es1 ! o!r =ty4 ,light v>ies z ! squ>e ,page #ch ( ! di/ance3 ! squ>e ( #bj is #djj1 ( #dj is #afjj4 ,divide #afjj by #djj1 & ! result is t "o light is f\r times z bright z ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4--,reflection & ,diffusion ( ,light4 ,light c be h&l$1 direct$1 & b5t1 z well z iron b>s4 ,d>k5 a room & admit a beam ( sunlight ?r\gh a %utt]1 or a ray ( lamp-light ?r\gh ! key-hole4 ,if !re is du/ 9 ! room x w be obs]v$ t light goes 9 /raight l9es4 ,because ( ?is m5 are able to arrange h\ses & trees 9 r[s1 ! hunt] aims 8 rifle correctly1 & ! a/ronom] projects /raight l9es to inf9ity4 ,take a h&-mirror1 or bett]1 a piece ( glass coat$ on "o side ) black v>ni%1 & y c s5d y\r ray any:]e4 ,by us+ two mirrors1 or hav+ an assi/ant & us+ sev]al1 y c cause a ray ( light to turn z _m corn]s z y please4 ,i once saw ,mr4 ,tyndall s5d a ray into a glass j> fill$ ) smoke 7,fig4 #i74 ,admitt+ a sl5d] ray ?r\gh a small hole 9 a c>d ov] ! m\?1 "o ray appe>$2 remov+ ! cov]1 ! :ole j> 0 lum9\s2 z ! smoke disappe>$ 9 spots cavities ( d>kness appe>$4 ,turn ! same ray into a tumbl] ( wat]1 ,page #ci x becomes fa9tly visible2 /ir into x a teaspoonful ( milk1 !n turn 9 ! ray ( sunlight1 & x gl[s l a lamp1 illum9at+ ! :ole room4 ,^! exp]im5ts %[ h[ ! /raight rays ( ! sun are diffus$ 9 e direction ov] ! e>?4 ,set a small light ne> "o edge ( a mirror2 !n1 by putt+ ! eye ne> ! opposite edge1 y see almo/ z _m flames z y please f ! multipli$ reflections4 ,h[ c ?is be acc\nt$ =8 ,into y\r beam ( sunlight1 admitt$ ?r\gh a half-in* hole1 put ! mirror at an oblique angle2 y c arrange x s z to ?r[ half a doz5 bright spots on ! opposite wall4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4--,manifold ,reflections4 ,9 ,fig4 #aj ! sunbeam ent]s at ,a1 &1 /rik+ ! mirror m at a1 is p>tly reflect$ to #a on ! wall1 & p>tly ent]s ! glass1 passes ?r\gh to ! silv]$ back at ,b1 & is totally reflect$ to b1 :]e x aga9 divides1 "s ( x go+ to ! wall at #b1 & ! re/1 cont9u+ to make ! same reflections & divisions1 causes spots #c1 #d1 #e1 etc4 ,! brighte/ spot is at ,no4#b1 because ! silv]$ glass at ,b is ! be/ reflector & has ! mo/ light4 ,:5 ! discov]y ( ! moons ( ,m>s 0 ann\nc$ 9 #ahgg1 x 0 also widely publi%$ t !y c\ld be se5 by a mirror4 ,( c\rse ?is is impossible4 ,! po9t ( light mi/ak5 = ! moon 9 ?is second>y reflection 0 caus$ by hold+ ! mirror 9 an oblique position4 ,take a small piece ( mirror1 say an in* 9 surface1 & putt+ "u x ?ree little pellets ( wax1 putty1 or clay1 set x on ! wri/1 ) "o ( ! pellets on ! pulse4 ,hold ! mirror /eadily 9 ! beam ( light1 & ! frequ5cy & prom95ce ( ea* pulse-beat w be indicat$ by ! toss+ spot ( light on ! wall4 ,if ! op]ator becomes excit$ ! fact w be evid5t to all obs]v]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,place a co9 9 a bas9 7,fig4 #aa71 & set x s t ! rim w conceal ! co9 f ! eye4 ,p\r 9 wat]1 & ! co9 w ,page #dj appe> to rise into sight4 ,:5 light passes f a m$ium ( "o d5sity to a m$ium ( ano!r1 its direction is *ang$4 ,?us a /ick 9 wat] seems b5t4 ,%ips bel[ ! horizon are sometimes se5 above1 because ( ! diff]5t d5sity ( ! lay]s ( air4 ,?us light com+ f ! int]/ell> spaces1 & ent]+ our atmosph]e1 is b5t d[n m & m by its increas+ d5sity4 ,! effect is greate/ :5 ! sun or /> is ne> ! horizon1 none at all 9 ! z5i?4 ,?is br+s ! object into view be=e x is ris54 ,all[ance = ?is displacem5t is made 9 all delicate a/ronomical obs]vations4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4--;,atmosph]ical ,refraction4 ,notice on ! floor ! %ad[ ( ! w9d[-frames4 ,! glass ( almo/ e w9d[ is s b5t z to turn ! sunlight aside en\gh to oblit]ate "s ( ! %ad[s or increase _! ?ickness4 ,,decomposition ,,( ,,light4 ,admit ! sunbeam ?r\gh a slit "o in* long & "o-tw5tie? ( an in* wide4 ,pass x ?r\gh a prism4 ,ei!r pur*ase "o or make x ( ?ree pla9 pieces ( glass "o & a half in* wide by six in*es long1 fa/5$ toge!r 9 triangul> %ape--fa/5 ! edges ) hot wax & fill x ) wat]2 !n on a scre5 or wall y w h ! colors ( ! ra9b[1 n m]ely sev5 b sev5ty1 if y\r eyes are %>p en\gh4 ,take a bit ( r$ pap] t mat*es ! r$ color ( ! spectrum4 ,move x along ! l9e ( colors t[>d ! violet4 ,9 ! orange x is d>k1 9 ! yell[ d>k]1 9 ! gre5 & all beyond1 black4 ,t is because !re are no m r$ rays to be reflect$ by x4 ,s a gre5 object is true to its color only 9 ! gre5 rays1 & black else:]e4 ,all ^! colors may be recomb9$ by a second prism into :ite light4 ,page #da ,,iii4 ,,a/ronomical ,,in/rum5ts4 ,! eyes ( ! ,"l are 9 e place4--,prov]bs xv4 #c4 ,page #db ,man1 hav+ "o k9d ( an eye giv5 him by 8 ,mak]1 proce$s to con/ruct two o!r k9ds4 ,he makes "o t magnifies invisible objects ?\s&s ( times1 s t a dull razor-edge appe>s z ?ick z ?ree f+]s1 until ! amaz+ beauty ( color & =m 9 inf9itesimal objects is entranc+ly app>5t1 & he kn[s t ,god's c>e ( lea/ ?+s is inf9ite4 ,!n he makes ! o!r k9d f\r or six feet 9 diamet]1 & p5etrates ! imm5sities ( space ?\s&s ( times beyond :]e 8 natural eye c pi]ce1 until he sees t ,god's imm5sities ( worlds are inf9ite also4--,,bi%op ,,fo/]4 ,page #dc ,,iii4 ,,! ,,telescope4 ,frequ5t allusion has be5 made 9 ! previ\s *apt] to discov]$ results4 ,x is necess>y to und]/& m cle>ly ! process by :i* su* results h be5 obta9$4 ,"s a/ronomical in/rum5ts are ( ! simple/ "*1 "s mo/ delicate & complex4 ,:5 a man smokes a piece ( glass1 9 ord] to see an eclipse ( ! sun1 he makes a simple in/rum5t4 ,f]guson1 ly+ on 8 back & slipp+ beads on a /r+ at a c]ta9 di/ance above 8 eye1 measur$ ! relative di/ances ( ! />s4 ,! use ( m complex in/rum5ts comm5c$ :5 ,galileo appli$ ! telescope to ! heav5s4 ,he _c be said to h inv5t$ ! telescope1 b he c]ta9ly con/ruct$ 8 own )\t a patt]n1 & us$ x to good purpose4 ,x consi/s ( a l5s1 ,o ,b 7,fig4 #ac71 :i* acts z a multiple prism to b5d all ! rays to "o po9t at ,r4 ,place ! eye !re1 & x receives z mu* light z if x 7 z l>ge z ! l5s ,o ,b4 ,! rays1 h[ev]1 are conv]g5t1 & ! po9t difficult to ,page #dd f9d4 ,h5ce !re is plac$ at ,r a concave l5s1 pass+ ?r\gh :i* ! rays em]ge 9 p>allel l9es1 & are receiv$ by ! eye4 ,op]a-glasses are made ^u precisely ?is pr9ciple to-day1 because !y c be made conv5i5tly %ort4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4--,refract+ ,telescope4 ,if1 in/ead ( a concave l5s at ,r1 conv]t+ ! conv]g+ rays into p>allel ones1 we place a convex or magnify+ l5s1 ! m9ute image is enl>g$ z mu* z an object seems dim9i%$ :5 ! telescope is rev]s$4 ,?is is ! gr& pr9ciple ( ! refract+ telescope4 ,difficulties innum]able arise z we attempt to enl>ge ! in/rum5ts4 ,^! h be5 ov]come1 "o aft] ano!r1 until x is n[ felt t ! be/ mod]n telescope1 ) an object l5s ( tw5ty-six in*es1 has fully rea*$ ! limit ( optical p[]4 ,! ,reflect+ ,telescope4 ,?is is ! only k9d ( in/rum5t diff]+ radically f ! refract+ "o already describ$4 ,x receives ! light 9 a concave mirror1 ,m 7,fig4 #ad71 :i* reflects x to ! focus ,f1 produc+ ! same result z ! l5s ( ! refract+ telescope4 ,"h a mirror may be plac$ obliquely1 reflect+ ! image at "r angles to ! eye1 outside ! tube1 9 :i* case x is call$ ! ,newtonian telescope2 or a mirror at ,r may be plac$ p]p5dicul>ly1 & s5d ! rays ?r\gh ,page #de an op5+ 9 ! mirror at ,m4 ,?is =m is call$ ! ,gregorian telescope4 ,or ! mirror ,m may be slightly incl9$ to ! com+ rays1 s z to br+ ! po9t ,f entirely outside ! tube1 9 :i* case x is call$ ! ,h]s*elian telescope4 ,9 ei!r case ! image may be magnifi$1 z 9 ! refract+ telescope4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4--,reflect+ ,telescope4 ,reflect+ telescopes are made ( all sizes1 up to ! ,cyclopean eye ( ! "o con/ruct$ by ,"l ,rosse1 :i* is six feet 9 diamet]4 ,! =m ( in/rum5t to be pref]r$ dep5ds on ! use to :i* x is to be put4 ,! loss ( light 9 pass+ ?r\gh glass l5ses is ab\t two-t5?s4 ,! loss by reflection is (t5 "o-half4 ,9 view ( ?is peculi>ity & _m o!rs1 x is held t a tw5ty-six-in* refractor is fully equal to any six-foot reflector4 ,! m\nt+ ( l>ge telescopes dem&s ! highe/ eng9e]+ ability4 ,! :ole in/rum5t1 ) its va/ weight ( a tw5ty-six-in* glass l5s1 ) its accompany+ tube & appurt5ances1 mu/ be po9t$ z nicely z a rifle1 & held z /eadily z ! axis ( ! globe4 ,to give x ! requir$ /ead9ess1 ! f\ndation on :i* x is plac$ is sunk deep 9 ! e>?1 f> f rail or o!r roads1 & no "p ( ! obs]vatory is all[$ to t\* ?is support4 ,:5 a /> is once f\nd1 ! e>? swiftly rotates ! telescope away f x1 & x passes out ( ! field4 ,to avoid ?is1 clock-"w is s arrang$ t ! great telescope foll[s ! /> by ! h\r1 if requir$4 ,x w take a /> at its ea/]n ris+1 & hold x con/antly 9 view :ile x climbs to ! m]idian & s9ks 9 ! we/ 7,fig4 #ae74 ,! reflector dem&s /ill m difficult eng9e]+4 ,t ( ,"l ,rosse has a metallic mirror ,page #df weigh+ six tons1 a tube =ty feet long1 :i*1 ) its appurt5ances1 weighs sev5 tons m4 ,x moves betwe5 two walls only #aj ea/ & we/4 ,! new ,p>is reflector 7,fig4 #af7 has a mu* wid] range ( movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4--;,cambridge ,equatorial4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4--,new ,p>is ,reflector4 ,! ,spectroscope4 ,a spectrum is a collection ( ! colors :i* are disp]s$ by a prism f any giv5 light4 ,if x is sunlight1 x is a sol> spectrum2 if ! s\rce ( light is a ,page #di />1 c&le1 gl[+ metal1 or gas1 x is ! spectrum ( a />1 c&le1 gl[+ metal1 or gas4 ,an in/rum5t to see ^! spectra is call$ a spectroscope4 ,consid]+ ! inf9ite v>iety ( light1 & its easy modification & absorption1 we %\ld expect an imm5se numb] ( spectra4 ,a m]e prism disp]ses ! light s imp]fectly t diff]5t ord]s ( vibrations1 p]ceiv$ z colors1 are m+l$4 ,no eye c tell :]e "o comm5ces or ends4 ,su* a spectrum is said to be impure4 ,:at we want is t ea* po9t 9 ! spectrum %\ld be made ( rays ( ! same numb] ( vibrations4 ,z we c let only a small beam ( light pass ?r\gh ! prism1 9 /udy+ cele/ial objects ) a telescope & spectroscope we mu/1 9 e in/ance1 contract ! ap]ture ( ! in/rum5t until we get only a small beam ( light4 ,9 ord] to h ! colors ?or\ghly disp]s$1 ! be/ in/rum5ts pass ! beam ( light ?r\gh a s]ies ( prisms call$ a batt]y1 ea* "o spread+ f>!r ! colors :i* ! previ\s ones _h spread4 ,9 ,fig4 #ag ! ray is se5 ent]+ ?r\gh ! telescope ,a1 :i* r5d]s ! rays p>allel1 & pass+ ,page #ej ?r\gh ! prisms out to telescope ,b1 :]e ! spectrum c be exam9$ on ! ret9a ( ! eye = a scre54 ,9 ord] to /ill f>!r disp]se ! rays1 "s batt]ies receive ! ray f ! la/ prism at ,o ^u an oblique mirror1 s5d x up a little to ano!r1 :i* deliv]s x aga9 to ! prism to make its j\rney back aga9 ?r\gh !m all1 & come out to be exam9$ j above :]e x ent]$ ! fir/ prism4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4--,spectroscope1 ) ,batt]y ( ,prisms4 ,atta*$ to ! exam9+ telescope is a diamond-rul$ scale ( glass1 enabl+ u to fix ! position ( any l9e ) great exactness4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--,spectra ( gl[+ ,hydrog5 & ! ,sun4 ,9 ,fig4 #ah is se51 9 ! l[] "p1 a spectrum ( ! sun1 ) ab\t a score ( its ?\s&s ( l9es made evid5t4 ,9 ! upp] "p is se5 ! spectrum ( bright l9es giv5 by gl[+ hydrog5 gas4 ,^! l9es are giv5 by no o!r kn[n gas2 !y are its autograph4 ,x is readily obs]v$ t !y precisely correspond ) c]ta9 d>k l9es 9 ! sol> spectrum4 ,h5ce we easily "k t a gl[+ gas gives ! same bright l9es t x absorbs f ! light ( ano!r s\rce pass+ ?r\gh x--t is1 gl[+ gas gives out ! same rays ( light t x absorbs :5 x is n gl[+4 ,! subject becomes cle>] by a /udy ( ! *romoli?ic plate4 ,no4 #a repres5ts ! sol> spectrum1 ) a few ( its l9es on an accurately graduat$ scale4 ,page #ea ,no4#c %[s ! bright l9e ( gl[+ sodium1 &1 correspond+ to a d>k l9e 9 ! sol> spectrum1 %[s ! pres5ce ( salt 9 t body4 ,no4 #b %[s t potassium has "s violet rays1 b n all2 & !re be+ no d>k l9e to correspond 9 ! sol> spectrum1 we inf] its abs5ce f ! sun4 ,no4#f %[s ! num]\s l9es & b&s ( b>ium--sev]al r$1 orange1 yell[1 & f\r are v bright gre5 ones4 ,! l9es giv5 by any volatiliz$ sub/ances are always 9 ! same place on ! scale4 ,a pati5t /udy ( ^! signs ( sub/ances reveals1 ri*] results ?an a /udy ( ! cuni=m *>act]s engrav$ on ,assyrian slabs2 = "o is ! h&writ+ ( m51 ! o!r ! h&writ+ ( ,god4 ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult & delicate problems solv$ by ! spectroscope is ! approa* or dep>ture ( a light-giv+ body 9 ! l9e ( sight4 ,/& be=e a locomotive a mile away1 y _c tell :e!r x approa*es or rec$es1 yet x w da% by 9 a m9ute4 ,h[ c ! movem5ts ( ! />s be compreh5d$ :5 !y are at su* an immeasurable di/ance8 ,x c be/ be illu/rat$ by music4 ,! note ,c ( ! ,g clef is made by two hundr$ & fifty-sev5 vibrations ( air p] second4 ,twice z _m vibrations p] second w\ld give u ! note ,c an octave above4 ,s\nd travels at ! rate ( ?ree hundr$ & sixty-f\r y>ds p] second4 ,if ! s\rce ( ^! two hundr$ & fifty-sev5 vibrations c\ld approa* u at ?ree hundr$ & sixty-f\r y>ds p] second1 x is obvi\s t twice z _m waves w\ld be put into a giv5 space1 & we %\ld he> ! upp] ,c :5 only waves en\gh 7 made = ! l[] ,c4 ,! same ,page #eb result w\ld appe> if we c>ri$ our e> t[>d ! s\nd fa/ en\gh to take up twice z _m valves z ?\gh we /ood /ill4 ,?is is app>5t to e obs]v] 9 a railway tra94 ,! :i/le ( an approa*+ locomotive gives "o tone2 x passes1 & we in/antly detect ano!r4 ,let two tra9s1 runn+ at a spe$ ( ?irty-six y>ds a second1 approa* ea* o!r4 ,let ! :i/le ( "o s\nd ! note ,e1 ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree vibrations p] second4 ,x w be he>d on ! o!r z ! note ,g1 ?ree hundr$ & eighty-eight vibrations p] second2 = ! spe$ ( ea* tra9 cr[ds ! vibrations into "o-t5? less room1 add+ #cb vibrations p] second1 mak+ ?ree hundr$ & eighty-eight 9 all4 ,! tra9s pass4 ,! vibrations are put into "o-t5? m space by ! :i/le mak+ !m1 & ! o!r tra9 all[s only n9e-t5?s ( :at !re are to ov]take ! e>4 ,ea* subtracts #cb vibrations f ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-?ree1 leav+ only two hundr$ & fifty-eight1 :i* is ! note ,c4 ,yet ! note ,e 0 con/antly utt]$4 ,illu/ration3 #a4 ,sol> ,spectrum4 #b4 ,spectrum ( ,potassium4 #c4 ,spectrum ( ,sodium4 #d4 ,spectrum ( ,/rontium4 #e4 ,spectrum ( ,calcium4 #f4 ,spectrum ( ,b>ium4 ,if a s\rce ( light approa* or dep>t1 x w h a simil> effect on ! light waves4 ,h[ %all we detect x8 ,if a /> approa* u1 x puts a great] numb] ( waves into an in*1 & %ort5s _! l5g?4 ,if x rec$es1 x increases ! l5g? ( ! wave--puts a less numb] into an in*4 ,if a body giv+ only ! numb] ( vibrations we call gre5 7 to approa* suffici5tly fa/1 x w\ld cr[d 9 vibrations en\gh to appe> :at we call blue1 indigo1 or ev5 violet1 accord+ to its spe$4 ,if x rec$$ suffici5tly fa/1 x w\ld leave beh9d x only vibrations en\gh to fill up ,page #ec ! space ) :at we call yell[1 orange1 or r$1 accord+ to its spe$2 yet x w\ld be gre51 & gre5 only1 all ! "t4 ,b h[ detect ! *ange8 ,if r$ waves are %ort5$ !y become orange 9 color2 & f bel[ ! r$ o!r rays1 too f> ap>t to be se5 by ! eye1 be+ %ort5$1 become visible z r$1 & we _c "k t any?+ has tak5 place4 ,s1 if a /> rec$es fa/ en\gh1 violet vibrations be+ l5g!n$ become indigo2 & f above ! violet o!r rays1 too %ort to be se51 become l5g!n$ into visible violet1 & we c detect no movem5t ( ! colors4 ,! d>k l9es ( ! spectrum are ! cutt+ out ( rays ( def9ite wave-l5g?s4 ,if ! color spectrum moves away1 !y move ) x1 & away f _! prop] place 9 ! ord9>y spectrum4 ,if1 !n1 we f9d !m t[>d ! r$ end1 ! /> is rec$+2 if t[>d ! violet end1 x is approa*+4 ,turn ! in/rum5t on ! c5tre ( ! sun4 ,! d>k l9es take _! appropriate place1 & are recogniz$ on ! rul$ scale4 ,turn x on "o edge1 t is approa*+ u "o & a qu>t] miles a second by ! revolution ( ! sun on its axis1 ! spectral l9es move t[>d ! violet end2 turn ! spectroscope t[>d ! o!r edge ( ! sun1 x is rec$+ f u "o & a qu>t] miles a second by reason ( ! axial revolution1 & ! spectral l9es move t[>d ! r$ end4 ,turn x ne> ! spots1 & x reveals ! mighty up-ru% 9 "o place & ! d[n-ru% 9 ano!r ( "o hundr$ miles a second4 ,we speak ( x z an easy matt]1 b x is a problem ( ! greate/ delicacy1 almo/ defy+ ! m9d ( man to read ! movem5ts ( matt]4 ,x %\ld be recogniz$ t ,pr(essor ,"y1 ( ,page #ed ,pr9ceton1 is ! mo/ successful op]ator 9 ?is rec5t realm ( sci5ce4 ,he already proposes to correct ! =m] e/imate ( ! sun's axial revolutions1 d]iv$ f obs]v+ its spots1 by ! sur] process ( obs]v+ accel]at$ & ret>d$ light4 ,)9 a v few ye>s ?is wond]ful in/rum5t1 ! spectroscope1 has made amaz+ discov]ies4 ,9 *emi/ry x reveals sub/ances nev] kn[n be=e2 9 analysis x is delicate to ! detection ( ! million? ( a gra94 ,x is ! mo/ deft h&maid ( *emi/ry1 ! arts1 ( m$ical sci5ce1 & a/ronomy4 ,x tells ! *emical con/itution ( ! sun1 ! movem5ts tak+ place1 ! nature ( comets1 & nebul4 ,by ! spectroscope we "k t ! atmosph]es ( ,v5us & ,m>s are l our own2 t ^? ( ,jupit] & ,saturn are v unlike2 x tells u :i* />s approa* & :i* rec$e1 & j h[ "o /> diff]e? f ano!r 9 glory & sub/ance4 ,9 ! ne> future we %all h ! brilliant & div]sely color$ fl[]s ( ! sky z well classifi$ into ord]s & species z are ! fl[]s ( ! e>?4 ,page #ee ,,iv4 ,,cele/ial ,,measurem5ts4 ,:o ha? measur$ ! wat]s 9 ! holl[ ( 8 h&1 & met$ out heav5 ) ! span8 ,m9e h& also ha? laid ! f\ndation ( ! e>?1 & my "r h& ha? spann$ ! heav5s4--,isa4 xl4 #ab2 xlviii4 #ac4 ,page #ef ,g to yon t[]1 :]e busy sci5ce plies ,h] va/ ant5n1 feel+ ?ro' ! skies2 ,t little v]ni]1 on ^: sl5d] l9es ,! midnight tap] trembles z x %9es1 ,a sil5t index1 tracks ! planets' m>* ,9 all _! w&]+s ?ro' ! e!real ar*1 ,tells ?r\gh ! mi/ :]e dazzl$ ,m]cury burns1 ,& m>ks ! spot :]e ,uranus returns4 ,s1 till by wrong or neglig5ce effac$1 ,! liv+ index :i* ?y ,mak] trac$ ,repeats ! l9e ea* />ry virtue draws ,?r\gh ! wide circuit ( creation's laws2 ,/ill tracks un*ang$ ! ev]la/+ ray ,:]e ! d>k %ad[s ( temptation /ray2 ,b1 once defac$1 =gets ! orbs ( light1 ,& leaves !e w&]+ o'er ! expanse ( night4 ,,oliv] ,,w5dell ,,holmes4 ,page #eg ,,iv4 ,,cele/ial ,,measurem5ts4 ,we "k t a/ronomy has :at are call$ practical uses4 ,if a %ip _h be5 driv5 by ,euroclydon t5 times f\rte5 days & nights )\t sun or /> appe>+1 a mom5t's glance into ! heav5s f ! heav+ deck1 by a v slightly educat$ sailor1 w\ld tell )9 "o hundr$ y>ds :]e he 01 & det]m9e ! di/ance & way to ! ne>e/ port4 ,we "k t1 9 all f9al & exact survey+1 positions mu/ be fix$ by ! />s4 ,e>?'s l&m>ks are unc]ta9 & easily remov$2 ^? :i* we get f ! heav5s are /able & exact4 ,9 #ahgh ! ,unit$ ,/ates /eam-%ip ,ent]prise 0 s5t to survey ! ,amazon4 ,e night a /> p>ty w5t a%ore to fix ! exact latitude & longitude by obs]vations ( ! />s4 ,our real l&m>ks are n ! pill>s we re>1 b ! />s millions ( miles away4 ,all our /&>ds ( "t are tak5 f ! />s2 e railway tra9 runs by _! "t to avoid collision2 by !m all factories />t & /op4 ,inde$1 we are rul$ by ! />s ev5 m ?an ! old a/rolog]s imag9$4 ,man's f9e/ me*anism1 highe/ ?\ght1 & broade/ ex]cise ( ! creative faculty h be5 inspir$ by a/ronomy4 ,no o!r in/rum5ts approximate 9 delicacy ^? :i* explore ! heav5s2 no o!r ,page #eh sy/em ( ?\ght c draw su* va/ & c]ta9 conclusions f its premises4 ,too l[ !y build :o build b5ea? ! />s2 we %\ld lay our f\ndations 9 ! skies1 & !n build upw>d4 ,we h be5 plac$ on ! outside ( ?is e>?1 in/ead ( ! inside1 9 ord] t we may look abroad4 ,we are c>ri$ ab\t1 ?r\gh unappreciable di/ance1 at ! inconceivable velocity ( "o ?\s& miles a m9ute1 to give u diff]5t po9ts ( vision4 ,! e>?1 on its s(tly-sp9n+ axle1 nev] j>s en\gh to unne/ a bird or wake a *ild2 h5ce ! f\ndations ( our obs]vatories are firm1 & our measurem5ts exact4 ,:oev] /udies a/ronomy1 "u prop] guidance & 9 ! "r _s1 gr[s 9 ?\ght & feel+1 & becomes m appreciative ( ! ,creator4 ,cele/ial ,movem5ts4 ,let x n be suppos$ t a ma/]y ( ma!matics & a f9i%$ education are necess>y to und]/& ! results ( a/ronomical rese>*4 ,x took at fir/ ! highe/ p[] ( m9d to make ! discov]ies t are n[ laid at ! feet ( ! l[lie/4 ,x took sublime fai?1 c\rage1 & ! results ( ages ( exp]i5ce 9 navigation1 to enable ,columbus to discov] t pa? to ! ,new ,_w :i* n[ any little boat c foll[4 ,ages ( exp]i5ce & g5ius are /or$ up 9 a locomotive1 b q an unlett]$ man c drive x4 ,x is ! "w ( g5ius to r5d] difficult matt]s pla91 ab/ruse ?\ghts cle>4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 ,a brief explanation ( a few t]ms w make ! pr9ciples ( _w inspection easily und]/ood4 ,imag9e a p]fect circle ?irty feet 9 diamet]--t is1 create ,page #ei "o 7,fig4 #ai74 ,draw ?r\gh x a diamet] horizontally1 ano!r p]p5dicul>ly4 ,! angles made by ! int]sect+ l9es are ea* said to be n9ety degrees1 m>k$ ?us 4 ,! arc ( a circle includ$ betwe5 any two ( ! l9es is also #ij4 ,e circle1 great or small1 is divid$ into ^! #cfj4 ,if ! sun rose 9 ! ea/ & came to ! z5i? at noon1 x w\ld h pass$ #ij4 ,:5 x set 9 ! we/ x w\ld h trav]s$ half ! circle1 or #ahj4 ,9 ,fig4 #bj ! angle ( ! l9es measur$ on ! graduat$ arc is #aj4 ,! m\nta9 is #aj high1 ! _w #aj 9 diamet]1 ! comet moves #aj a day1 ! />s are #aj ap>t4 ,! height ( ! m\nta91 ! diamet] ( ! _w1 ! velocity ( ! comet1 & ! di/ance betwe5 ! />s1 dep5d on ! di/ance ( ea* f ! po9t ( sight4 ,e degree is divid$ into #fj m9utes 7m>k$ '71 & e m9ute into #fj seconds 7m>k$ 74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--;,illu/ration ( ,angles4 ,imag9e y\rself inside a p]fect sph]e "o hundr$ feet 9 diamet]1 ) ! int]ior surface above1 ar\nd1 & bel[ /udd$ ) fix$ bright po9ts l />s4 ,! famili> con/ellations ( night might be blazon$ !re 9 due proportion4 ,if ?is />-spr5t sph]e 7 made to revolve once 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 all ! />s w\ld successively ,page #fj pass 9 review4 ,h[ easily we c\ld measure di/ances betwe5 />s1 f a c]ta9 fix$ m]idian1 or ! equator6 ,h[ easily we c\ld tell :5 any p>ticul> /> w\ld culm9ate6 ,x is z easy to take all ^! measurem5ts :5 our e>?ly obs]vatory is /eadily revolv$ )9 ! sph]e ( circumambi5t />s4 ,/>s c be mapp$ z readily z ! /reets ( a great city4 ,look+ d[n on x 9 ! night1 "o c\ld trace ! l9es ( light$ /reets1 & judge some?+ ( its ext5t & regul>ity4 ,b ! few lamps ( ev5+ w\ld sugge/ little ( ! greatness ( ! public build+s1 ! magnific5t ent]prise & comm]ce ( its citiz5s1 or ! intellig5ce ( its s*ol>s4 ,look+ up to ! lamps ( ! cele/ial city1 "o c judge some?+ ( its ext5t & regul>ity2 b !y sugge/ little ( ! magnific5ce ( ! _m mansions4 ,/>s are reckon$ z s _m degrees1 m9utes1 & seconds f ea* o!r1 f ! z5i?1 or f a giv5 m]idian1 or f ! equator4 ,?us ! />s call$ ! ,po9t]s1 9 ! ,great ,be>1 are #e ap>t2 ! ne>e/ "o is #bi f ! ,pole ,/>1 :i* is #ci #ef' #bi above ! horizon at ,philadelphia4 ,9 go+ to ,engl& y creep up t[>d ! nor? end ( ! e>?1 till ! ,pole ,/> is #ed high4 ,x /ays ne> its place among ! />s cont9ually1 ,( ^: true-fix$ & re/+ quality ,!re is no fell[ 9 ! firmam5t4 ,h[ to ,measure4 ,suppose a telescope1 fix$ to a mural circle1 to revolve on an axis1 z 9 ,fig4 #ba2 po9t x horizontally at a />2 ,page #fa turn x up p]p5dicul> to ano!r />4 ,( c\rse ! two />s are #ij ap>t1 & ! graduat$ scale1 :i* is atta*$ to ! out] edge ( ! circle1 %[s a revolution ( a qu>t] circle1 or #ij1 ,b a p]fect accuracy ( measurem5t mu/ be s\ght2 = to mi/ake ! bread? ( a hair1 se5 at ! di/ance ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet1 w\ld cause an error ( #c1jjj1jjj miles at ! di/ance ( ! sun1 & imm5sely m at ! di/ance ( ! />s4 ,! correction ( an inaccuracy ( no great] magnitude ?an t has r$uc$ our e/imate ( ! di/ance ( our sun #c1jjj1jjj miles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--,mural ,circle4 ,consid] ! nicety ( ! "w4 ,suppose ! graduat$ scale to be ?irty feet 9 circumf]5ce4 ,divid$ into #cfj1 ea* w\ld be "o in* long4 ,divide ea* degree into #fj'1 ea* "o is #a_/fj ( an in* long4 ,x takes good eyesight to disc]n x4 ,b ea* m9ute mu/ be ,page #fb divid$ into #fj1 & ^! mu/ n only be not$1 b ev5 t5?s & hundr$?s ( seconds mu/ be disc]n$4 ,( c\rse !y are n se5 by ! nak$ eye2 "s me*anical contrivance mu/ be call$ 9 to assi/4 ,a wat* loses two m9utes a week1 & h5ce is unreliable4 ,x is tak5 to a wat*-mak] t e s+le second may be quick5$ #a_/bjafj "p ( itself4 ,n[ #a_/bjjjj "p ( a second w\ld be a small int]val ( "t to measure1 b x mu/ be "u control4 ,if ! temp]ature ( a summ] morn+ rises t5 or tw5ty degrees we sc>cely notice x2 b ! magnetic ta/imet] measures #a_/ejjj ( a degree4 ,come to e>?ly matt]s4 ,9 #ahgd1 aft] ne>ly tw5ty-eight ye>s' "w1 ! ,/ate ( ,massa*usetts op5$ a tunnel ne>ly five miles long ?r\gh ! ,hoosac ,m\nta9s4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! "w ! eng9e]s sunk a %aft ne> ! middle #ajbh feet deep4 ,!n ! "q to be settl$ 0 :]e to g s z to meet ! approa*+ excavations f ! ea/ & we/4 ,a compass c\ld n be reli$ on "u a m\nta94 ,! l9e mu/ be me*anically fix$4 ,a little div]g5ce at ! />t+-po9t w\ld become s great1 miles away1 t ! excavations might pass ea* o!r )\t meet+2 ! grade mu/ also rise t[>d ! c5tral %aft1 & fall 9 work+ away f x2 b ! l9es 7 fix$ ) su* inf9itesimal accuracy t1 :5 ! "o go+ we/ f ! ea/]n portal & ! "o go+ ea/ f ! %aft met 9 ! he>t ( ! m\nta91 ! we/]n l9e 0 only "o-eigh? ( an in* too high1 & ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* too f> nor?4 ,to rea* ?is p]fect result !y _h to triangulate f ! ea/]n portal to di/ant ,page #fc m\nta9 peaks1 & !nce d[n ! valley to ! c5tral %aft1 & ?us fix ! direction ( ! propos$ l9e across ! m\? ( ! %aft4 ,plumb-l9es 7 !n dropp$ "o ?\s& & tw5ty-eight feet1 & ?us ! l9e at ! bottom 0 fix$4 ,?ree attempts 7 made--9 #ahfg1 #ahgj1 & #ahgb--to fix ! exact "t-di/ance betwe5 ,gre5wi* & ,wa%+ton4 ,^! ?ree sep>ate ef=ts d n diff] "o-t5? ( a second4 ,su* demon/rable results on e>? greatly increase our confid5ce 9 simil> measurem5ts 9 ! skies4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4 ,a scale is frequ5tly affix$ to a pocket-rule1 by :i* we c easily measure "o-hundr$? ( an in* 7,fig4 #bb74 ,! upp] & l[] l9e is divid$ into t5?s ( an in*4 ,obs]ve ! slant+ l9e at ! "r h&4 ,x leans f ! p]p5dicul> "o-t5? ( an in*1 z %[n by notic+ :]e x rea*es ! top l9e4 ,:5 x rea*es ! second horizontal l9e x has left ! p]p5dicul> "o-t5? ( t t5?--t is1 "o-hundr$?4 ,! int]section m>ks #ii_/ajj ( an in* f "o end1 & "o-hundr$? f ! o!r4 ,:5 division-l9es1 on measures ( great nicety1 get too f9e to be read by ! eye1 we use ! microscope4 ,by its means we are able to c\nt #aab1jjj l9es rul$ on a glass plate )9 an in*4 ,! smalle/ object t c be se5 by a ke5 eye makes an angle ( #dj1 b by putt+ six microscopes on ! scale ( ! telescope on ! mural circle1 we are able to rea* an exactness ( #j4a1 or #a_/cfjj ( an in*4 ,?is in/rum5t is us$ to measure ! decl9ation ( />s1 or angul> ,page #fd di/ance nor? or s\? ( ! equator4 ,?us a />'s place 9 two directions is exactly fix$4 ,:5 ! telescope is m\nt$ on two pill>s in/ead ( ! face ( a wall1 x is call$ a transit in/rum5t4 ,?is is us$ to det]m9e ! "t ( transit ( a /> ov] ! m]idian1 & if ! transit in/rum5t is provid$ ) a graduat$ circle x c also be us$ = ! same purposes z ! mural circle4 ,man's capacity to measure exactly is indicat$ 9 8 asc]ta9m5t ( ! l5g? ( waves ( light4 ,x is easy to measure ! ?ree hundr$ feet di/ance betwe5 ! cre/s ( /orm-waves 9 ! wide ,atlantic2 easy to measure ! diff]5t wave-l5g?s ( ! diff]5t tones ( musical s\nds4 ,s m5 measure ! l5g?s ( ! undulations ( light4 ,! %orte/ is ( ! violet light1 #aed4hd t5-million?s ( an in*4 ,by ! horizontal p5dulum ,pr(essor ,root has made #a_/cfjjjjjj ( an in* app>5t4 ,! next elem5ts ( accuracy mu/ be p]fect "t & p]fect notation ( "t4 ,z has be5 said1 we get our "t f ! />s4 ,?us ! inf9ite & heav5ly dom9ates ! f9ite & e>?ly4 ,clocks are set to ! inv>iable sid]eal "t4 ,sid]eal noon is :5 we h turn$ ourselves "u ! po9t :]e ! sun crosses ! equator 9 ,m>*1 call$ ! v]nal equ9ox4 ,sid]eal clocks are figur$ to indicate tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 a day3 !y tick exact seconds4 ,to map />s we wi% to "k ! exact second :5 !y cross ! m]idian1 or ! nor? & s\? l9e 9 ! cele/ial dome above u4 ,! telescope 7,fig4 #ba1 p4 #fa7 sw+s exactly nor? & s\?4 ,9 its focus a set ( f9e ?reads ( spid]-l9es is plac$ 7,fig4 #bc74 ,! telescope is set j high en\gh1 s t by ! roll+ ov] ( ! e>? ,page #fe ! /> w come into ! field j above ! horizontal ?read4 ,! obs]v] notes ! exact second & t5? ( a second :5 ! /> rea*es ea* v]tical ?read 9 ! in/rum5t1 adds toge!r ! times & divides by five to get ! av]age1 & ! exact "t is rea*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc4--,transit ( a ,/> not$4 ,b man is n reliable en\gh to obs]ve & record ) suffici5t accuracy4 ,"s1 9 _! excitem5t1 anticipate its positive passage1 & "s _c get _! sl[ m5tal ma*9]y 9 motion till aft] x has made ! transit4 ,moreov]1 m5 fall into a habit ( e/imat+ "s numb]s ( t5?s ( a second (t5] ?an o!rs4 ,x w be f\nd t a giv5 obs]v] w say ?ree t5?s or sev5 t5?s (t5] ?an f\r or eight4 ,he is fall+ into ruts1 & n tru/wor?y4 ,g5]al ,o4 ,m4 ,mit*el1 :o _h be5 director ( ! ,c9c9nati ,obs]vatory1 once told "o ( 8 /aff-(fic]s t he 0 late at an appo9tm5t4 ,only a few m9utes1 said ! (fic]1 apologetically4 ,sir1 said ! g5]al1 :]e ,i h be5 accu/om$ to "w1 hundr$?s ( a second are too important to be neglect$4 ,& x is to ! r>e g5ius ( ?is a/ronom]1 & to o!rs1 t we owe ! me*anical accuracy t we n[ atta94 ,! clock is made to m>k its seconds on pap] wrapp$ ar\nd a revolv+ cyl9d]4 ,"u ! obs]v]'s f+]s is an electric key4 ,?is he c t\* at ! in/ant ( ! transit ( ! /> ,page #ff ov] ea* wire1 & ?us put 8 obs]vation on ! same l9e betwe5 ! seconds dott$ by ! clock4 ,( c\rse ^! di/ances c be measur$ to m9ute fractional p>ts ( a second4 ,b x has be5 f\nd t x takes an appreciable "t = e obs]v] to get a ?+ into 8 head & out ( 8 f+]-ends1 & x takes "s obs]v]s long] ?an o!rs4 ,a doz5 m51 see+ an electric sp>k1 are liable to br+ d[n _! record+ m>ks 9 a doz5 diff]5t places on ! revolv+ pap]4 ,h5ce ! "t t x takes = ea* man to get a ?+ into 8 head & out ( 8 f+]s is asc]ta9$4 ,?is "t is call$ 8 p]sonal equation1 & is subtract$ f all ( 8 obs]vations 9 ord] to get at ! true "t2 s will+ are m5 to be exact ab\t mat]ial matt]s4 ,c x be ?\ght t moral & spiritual matt]s h no precision8 ,?us di/ances ea/ or we/ f any giv5 /> or m]idian are secur$2 ^? nor? & s\? f ! equator or ! z5i? are z easily fix$1 & ?us we make su* accurate maps ( ! heav5s t any movem5ts 9 ! f>-(f />s--s f> t x may take c5turies to r5d] ! swifte/ movem5ts appreciable--may at l5g? be recogniz$ & acc\nt$ =4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,we n[ come to a little /udy ( ! modes ( measur+ di/ances4 ,create a p]fect squ>e 7,fig4 #bd72 draw a diagonal l9e4 ,! squ>e angles are #ij1 ! divid$ angles give two ( #de ea*4 ,n[ ! base ,a ,b is equal to ! p]p5dicul> ,a ,c4 ,n[ any po9t--,c1 :]e a p]p5dicul>1 ,a ,c1 & a diagonal1 ,b ,c1 meet--w be ,page #fg z f> f ,a z ,b is4 ,x makes no diff]5ce if a riv] fl[s betwe5 ,a & ,c1 & we _c g ov] x2 we c measure its di/ance z easily z if we c\ld4 ,set a table f\r feet by eight out-doors 7,fig4 #be72 s arrange x t1 look+ along "o end1 ! l9e ( sight j /rikes a tree ! o!r side ( ! riv]4 ,g to ! o!r end1 &1 look+ t[>d ! tree1 y f9d ! l9e ( sight to ! tree falls an in* f ! end ( ! table on ! f>!r side4 ,! l9es1 !re=e1 approa* ea* o!r "o in* 9 e f\r feet1 & w come toge!r at a tree ?ree hundr$ & eighty-f\r feet away4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be4--,measur+ ,di/ances4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf4--,measur+ ,elevations4 ,! next process is to measure ! height or magnitude ( objects at an asc]ta9$ di/ance4 ,put two p9s 9 a /ick half an in* ap>t 7,fig4 #bf74 ,hold x up two feet f ! eye1 & let ! upp] p9 fall 9 l9e ) y\r eye & ! top ( a di/ant *ur* /eeple1 & ! l[] p9 9 l9e ) ! bottom ( ! *ur* & y\r eye4 ,if ! *ur* is ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile away1 x mu/ be eighty-two feet high2 if a mile away1 x mu/ be "o hundr$ & t5 feet high4 ,= if two l9es spread ,page #fh "o-half an in* go+ two feet1 9 go+ f\r feet !y w spread an in*1 & 9 go+ a mile1 or five ?\s& two hundr$ & eighty feet1 !y w spread out "o-f\r? z _m in*es1 viz41 ?irte5 hundr$ & tw5ty--t is1 "o hundr$ & t5 feet4 ,( c\rse ^! are n exact me?ods ( measurem5t1 & w\ld n be correct to a hair at "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet1 b !y p]fectly illu/rate ! true me?ods ( measurem5t4 ,imag9e a base l9e t5 in*es long4 ,at ea* end erect a p]p5dicul> l9e4 ,if !y are c>ri$ to inf9ity !y w nev] meet3 w be =ev] t5 in*es ap>t4 ,b at ! di/ance ( a foot f ! base l9e incl9e "o l9e t[>d ! o!r #fc_/ajjjjjjj ( an in*1 & ! l9es w come toge!r at a di/ance ( ?ree hundr$ miles4 ,t new angle diff]s f ! =m] "r angle almo/ inf9itesimally1 b x may be measur$4 ,its value is ab\t ?ree-t5?s ( a second4 ,if we l5g!n ! base l9e f t5 in*es to all ! miles we c comm&1 ( c\rse ! po9t ( meet+ w be proportionally m di/ant4 ,! angle made by ! l9es :]e !y come toge!r w be obvi\sly ! same z ! angle ( div]g5ce f a "r angle at ?is end4 ,t angle is call$ ! p>allax ( any body1 & is ! angle t w\ld be made by two l9es com+ f t body to ! two ends ( any conv5tional base1 z ! semi-diamet] ( ! e>?4 ,t t angle w\ld v>y accord+ to ! v>i\s di/ances is easily se5 by ,fig4 #bg4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bg4 ,let ,o ,p be ! base4 ,?is w\ld subt5d a great] angle se5 f /> ,a ?an f /> ,b4 ,let ,b be f> en\gh away1 & ,o ,p w\ld become invisible1 & ,b ,page #fi w\ld h no p>allax = t base4 ,?us ! moon has a p>allax ( #eg ) ! semi-equatorial diamet] ( ! e>? = a base4 ,& ! sun has a p>allax #h4he on ! same base4 ,x is n necess>y to conf9e ourselves to "r angles 9 ^! measurem5ts1 = ! same pr9ciples hold true 9 any angles4 ,n[1 suppose two obs]v]s on ! equator %\ld look at ! moon at ! same in/ant4 ,"o is on ! top ( ,cotopaxi1 on ! we/ coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & "o on ! we/ coa/ ( ,africa4 ,!y are #ij ap>t--half ! e>?'s diamet] betwe5 !m4 ,! "o on ,cotopaxi sees x exactly ov]head1 at an angle ( #ij ) ! e>?'s diamet]4 ,! "o on ! coa/ ( ,africa sees its angle ) ! same l9e to be #hi #ei' #c--t is1 its p>allax is #eg4 ,try ! same exp]im5t on ! sun f>!r away1 z is se5 9 ,fig4 #bg1 & its small] p>allax is f\nd to be only #h4he4 ,x is n necess>y = two obs]v]s to actually /ation !mselves at two di/ant p>ts ( ! e>? 9 ord] to det]m9e a p>allax4 ,if an obs]v] c\ld g f "o end ( ! base-l9e to ! o!r1 he c\ld det]m9e bo? angles4 ,e obs]v] is actually c>ri$ along ?r\gh space by two motions3 "o is t ( ! e>?'s revolution ( "o ?\s& miles an h\r ar\nd ! axis2 & ! o!r is ! movem5t ( ! e>? ar\nd ! sun ( "o ?\s& miles 9 a m9ute4 ,h5ce we c h ! diamet] n only ( ,page #gj ! e>? 7eight ?\s& miles7 = a base-l9e1 b ! diamet] ( ! e>?'s orbit 7#ahd1jjj1jjj miles71 or any "p ( x1 = su* a base4 ,two obs]v]s at ! ends ( ! e>?'s diamet]1 look+ at a /> at ! same in/ant1 w\ld f9d t x made ! same angle at bo? ends2 x has no p>allax on s %ort a base4 ,we mu/ seek a long] "o4 ,obs]ve a c]ta9 /> on ! #ba/ ( ,m>*2 !n let u trav]se ! realms ( space = six mon?s1 at "o ?\s& miles a m9ute4 ,we come r\nd 9 our orbit to a po9t opposite :]e we 7 six mon?s ago1 ) #ahd1jjj1jjj ( miles betwe5 ! po9ts4 ,n[1 ) ?is = a base-l9e1 measure ! angles ( ! same />s3 x is ! same angle4 ,sitt+ 9 my /udy "h1 ,i glance out ( ! w9d[ & disc]n sep>ate bricks1 9 h\ses five hundr$ feet away1 ) my unaid$ eye2 !y subt5d a disc]nible angle4 ,b "o ?\s& feet away ,i _c di/+ui% individual bricks2 _! wid?1 be+ only two in*es1 does n subt5d an angle appreh5sible to my vision4 ,s at ^! di/ant />s ! e>?'s enorm\s orbit1 if ly+ l a blaz+ r+ 9 space1 ) ! _w set on its edge l a pe>l1 & ! sun blaz+ l a diamond 9 ! c5tre1 w\ld all %r9k to a m]e po9t4 ,n q to a po9t f ! ne>e/ />s1 or we %\ld nev] be able to measure ! di/ance ( any ( !m4 ,pr(essor ,airy says t our orbit1 se5 f ! ne>e/ />1 w\ld be ! same z a circle six-t5?s ( an in* 9 diamet] se5 at ! di/ance ( a mile3 x w\ld all be hidd5 by a ?read "o-tw5ty-fif? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 held six hundr$ & fifty feet f ! eye4 ,if a /raight l9e c\ld be drawn f a />1 ,sirius 9 ! ea/ to ! /> ,vega 9 ! we/1 t\*+ our ,page #ga e>?'s orbit on "o side1 z ,t ,r ,a 7,fig4 #bh71 & a l9e 7 to be drawn six mon?s lat] f ! same />s1 t\*+ our e>?'s orbit on ! o!r side1 z ,r ,b ,t1 su* a l9e w\ld n div]ge suffici5tly f a /raight l9e = u to detect its div]g5ce4 ,num]\s va9 attempts _h be5 made1 up to ! ye> #ahce1 to detect & measure ! angle ( p>allax by :i* we c\ld rescue "s "o or m ( ! />s f ! inconceivable dep?s ( space1 & asc]ta9 _! di/ance f u4 ,we are ev] impell$ to triumph ov] :at is decl>$ to be unconqu]able4 ,!re are peaks 9 ! ,alps no man has ev] climb$4 ,!y are assault$ e ye> by m5 zeal\s ( m worlds to conqu]4 ,s ^! great] heights ( ! heav5s h be5 assault$1 till "s ambiti\s spirits h outso>$ ev5 imag9ation by ! c]ta9ties ( ma!matics4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bh4 ,x is obvi\s t if "o /> 7 ?ree times z f> f u z ano!r1 ! ne>] "o w\ld seem to be displac$ by our movem5t 9 our orbit ?ree times z mu* z ! o!r2 s1 by comp>+ "o /> ) ano!r1 we rea* a gr\nd ( judgm5t4 ,! asc]ta9m5t ( longitude at sea by means ( ! moon af=ds a good illu/ration4 ,along ! track :]e ! moon sails1 n9e bright />s1 f\r planets1 & ! sun h be5 select$4 ,! nautical almanacs give ! di/ance ( ! moon f ^! successive />s e h\r 9 ! night = ?ree ye>s 9 advance4 ,! sailor c measure ! di/ance at any "t by 8 sextant4 ,look+ f ! _w at ,d 7,fig4 #bi71 ! di/ance ( ! moon & ,page #gb /> is ,a ,e1 :i* is giv5 9 ! almanac4 ,look+ f ,c1 ! di/ance is only ,b ,e1 :i* enables ev5 ! un$ucat$ sailor to f9d ! di/ance1 ,c ,d1 on ! e>?1 or 8 di/ance f ,gre5wi*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi4--,mode ( ,asc]ta9+ ,longitude4 ,s1 by comp>isons ( ! ne> & f> />s1 ! approximate di/ance ( a few ( !m has be5 det]m9$4 ,! ne>e/ "o is ! brighte/ /> 9 ! ,c5taur1 nev] visible 9 our nor!rn latitudes1 :i* has a p>allax ( ab\t "o second4 ,! next ne>e/ is ,no4 #fa 9 ! ,swan1 or #fa ,cygni1 hav+ a p>allax ( #j4cd4 ,approximate measurem5ts h be5 made on ,sirius1 ,capella1 ! ,pole ,/>1 etc41 ab\t eighte5 9 all4 ,! di/ances are imm5se3 only ! swifte/ ag5ts c trav]se !m4 ,if our e>? 7 sudd5ly to dissolve its allegiance to ! k+ ( day1 & attempt a flight to ! ,nor? ,/>1 & %\ld ma9ta9 its flight ( "o ?\s& miles a m9ute1 x w\ld flyaway t[>d ,pol>is = ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s ( ye>s1 till a million ye>s _h pass$ away1 be=e x rea*$ t nor!rn dome ( ! di/ant sky1 & gave its new allegiance to ano!r sun4 ,! sun x _h left beh9d x w\ld gradually dim9i% till x 0 small z ,arcturus1 !n small z c\ld be disc]n$ by ! nak$ eye1 until at la/ x w\ld f9ally fade out 9 utt] d>kness long be=e ! new sun 0 rea*$4 ,light c trav]se ! di/ance ar\nd our e>? eight times 9 "o second4 ,x comes 9 eight m9utes f ! sun1 b x takes ?ree & a qu>t] ye>s to come f ,alpha ,page #gc ,c5tauri1 sev5 & a qu>t] ye>s f #fa ,cygni1 & =ty-five ye>s f ! ,pol> ,/>4 ,sometimes x happ5s t m5 /e] along a lee %ore1 dep5d5t = direction on ,pol>is1 t light-h\se 9 ! sky4 ,sometimes x has happ5$ t m5 h trav]s$ great swamps by night :5 t /> 0 ! light-h\sse ( fre$om4 ,9 ei!r case ! exig5cy ( life & lib]ty 0 provid$ = =ty-five ye>s be=e by a ,provid5ce t is div9e4 ,we d n attempt to "n 9 miles ^! enorm\s di/ances2 we mu/ seek ano!r y>d-/ick4 ,our a/ronomical unit & /&>d ( measurem5t is ! di/ance ( ! e>? f ! sun--#ib1ejj1jjj miles4 ,?is is ! gold5 re$ ) :i* we measure ! cele/ial city4 ,?us1 by lay+ d[n our a/ronomical unit #bbf1jjj times1 we measure to ,alpha ,c5tauri1 m ?an tw5ty millions ( millions ( miles4 ,d\btless o!r suns are z f> f ,alpha ,c5tauri & ea* o!r z t is f ours4 ,/>s are n ne> or f> accord+ to _! brightness4 #fa ,cygni is a telescopic />1 :ile ,sirius1 ! brighte/ /> 9 ! heav5s1 is twice z f> away f u4 ,"o /> diff]s f ano!r /> 9 intr9sic glory4 ,! highe/ te/imonies to ! accuracy ( ^! cele/ial obs]vations are f\nd 9 ! p]fect pr$ictions ( eclipses1 transits ( planets ov] ! sun1 occultation ( />s by ! moon1 & ^? /atem5ts ( ! ,nautical ,almanac t enable ! sailor to "k exactly :]e he is on ! pa?less ocean by ! tell+ ( ! />s3 ,on ! trackless ocean ?is book is ! m>9]'s tru/$ fri5d & c\nsellor2 daily & nightly its revelations br+ safety to %ips 9 all p>ts ( ! ,page #gd _w4 ,x is some?+ m ?an a m]e book2 x is an ev]-pres5t manife/ation ( ! ord] & h>mony ( ! univ]se4 ,ano!r example ( ?is wond]ful accuracy is f\nd 9 trac+ ! a/]oids4 ,)9 #bjj1jjj1jjj or #cjj1jjj1jjj miles f ! sun1 ! "o hundr$ & n9ety-two m9ute bodies t h be5 already discov]$ move 9 pa?s v ne>ly ! same--inde$ two ( !m trav]se ! same orbit1 be+ "o hundr$ & eighty degrees ap>t2--!y look alike1 yet ! eye ( man 9 a few obs]vations s det]m9es ! curve ( ea* orbit1 t "o is nev] mi/ak5 = ano!r4 ,b a/ronomy has high] uses ?an fix+ "t1 e/abli%+ l&m>ks1 & guid+ ! sailor4 ,x greatly quick5s & enl>ges ?\ght1 excites a desire to "k1 leads to ! utmo/ exactness1 & m9i/]s to adoration & love ( ! ,mak] ( ! innum]able suns4 ,page #ge ,v4 ,,! ,,sun4 ,& ,god made two great lights2 ! great] light to rule ! day1 & ! less] light to rule ! night3 he made ! />s also4--,g54 i4 #af4 ,page #gf ,x is p]ceiv$ t ! sun ( ! _w1 ) all its ess5ce1 :i* is heat & light1 fl[s into e tree1 & into e %rub & fl[]1 & into e /one1 mean z well z preci\s2 & t e object takes its portion f ?is common influx1 & t ! sun does n divide its light & heat1 & disp5se a "p to ?is & a "p to t4 ,x is simil> ) ! sun ( heav51 f :i* ! ,div9e love proce$s z heat1 & ! ,div9e wisdom z light2 ^! two fl[ into human m9ds1 z ! heat & light ( ! sun ( ! _w into bodies1 & vivify !m accord+ to ! quality ( ! m9ds1 ea* ( :i* takes f ! common influx z mu* z is necess>y4--,,sw$5borg4 ,page #gg ,v4 ,,! ,,sun4 ,suppose we _h /ood on ! dome ( ,bo/on ,/ateh\se ,novemb] #i?1 #ahgb1 on ! night ( ! great conflagration1 & se5 ! fire break out2 se5 ! eng9es da% ?r\gh ! /reets1 track+ _! pa? by _! sp>ks2 se5 ! fire encompass a :ole block1 leap ! /reets on e side1 surge l ! bill[s ( a /orm-swept sea2 se5 great masses ( inflammable gas rise l d>k cl\ds f an explosion1 !n take fire 9 ! air1 &1 cut (f f ! fire bel[1 float l argosies ( flame 9 space4 ,suppose we _h felt ! w9d t came surg+ f all po9ts ( ! compass to fan t conflagration till x 0 light en\gh a mile away to see to read ! f9e/ pr9t1 hot en\gh to decompose ! torr5ts ( wat] t 7 da%$ on x1 mak+ new fuel to fe$ ! flame4 ,suppose we _h se5 ?is spread+ fire seize on ! :ole city1 ext5d to its environs1 &1 fe$+ itself on ! v soil1 lick up ,worce/] ) its tongues ( flame--,albany1 ,new ,york1 ,*icago1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,c9c9nati--& cross+ ! pla9s swift] ?an a prairie fire1 mak+ ea* peak ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s hold up al(t a sep>ate tor* ( flame1 & ! ,si]ras :it] ) heat ?an !y ev] 7 ) sn[1 ! wat]s ( ! ,pacific resolve into _! con/itu5t elem5ts ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 & ,page #gh burn ) unqu5*able fire6 ,we )draw into ! air1 & see bel[ a _w on fire4 ,all ! prison$ p[]s h bur/ into int5se/ activity4 ,quiet breezes h become furi\s tempe/s4 ,look ar\nd ?is flam+ globe--on fire above1 bel[1 ar\nd--!re is no?+ b fire4 ,let x roll b5ea? u till ,bo/on comes r\nd aga94 ,no emb] has yet cool$1 no spire ( flame has %ort5$1 no surg+ cl\d has be5 quiet$4 ,n only are ! m\nta9s /ill 9 flame1 b o!r ranges bur/ up out ( ! see?+ sea4 ,!re is no place ( re/1 no place n toss+ ) rag+ flame6 ,yet all ?is is only a feeble figure ( ! great burn+ sun4 ,x is b ! m]e/ h9t1 a million times too insignificant4 ,! sun appe>s small & quiet to u because we are s f> away4 ,se5 f ! v>i\s planets1 ! relative size ( ! sun appe>s z 9 ,fig4 #cj4 ,look$ = f "s ( ! />s ab\t u1 ! sun c\ld n be se5 at all4 ,inde$1 se5 f ! e>?1 x is n always ! same size1 because ! di/ance is n always ! same4 ,if we repres5t ! size ( ! sun by "o ?\s& on ! #bc;d ( ,septemb] or #ba/ ( ,m>*1 x w\ld be repres5t$ by n9e hundr$ & sixty-sev5 on ! #a/ ( ,july1 & by "o ?\s& & ?irty-f\r on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4--,relative ,size ( ,sun z se5 f ,diff]5t ,planets4 ,we sometimes speak ( ! sun z hav+ a diamet] ( #hfj1jjj miles4 ,we mean t t is ! ext5t ( ! body z soon by ! eye4 ,b t is a small "p ( its real diamet]4 ,s we say ! e>? has an equatorial diamet] ( #gibe-a_/b miles1 & a pol> "o ( #ghii4 ,b ! air is z mu* a "p ( ! e>? z ! rocks are4 ,! electric curr5ts are z mu* a "p ( ! ,page #gi e>? z ! ores & m\nta9s !y trav]se4 ,:at ! diamet] ( ! e>? is1 includ+ ^!1 no man c tell4 ,we us$ to say ! air ext5d$ =ty-five miles1 b we n[ "k t x rea*es va/ly f>!r4 ,s ( ! sun1 we might almo/ say t its diamet] is inf9ite1 = its light & heat rea* beyond our measurem5t4 ,its liv+1 ?robb+ he>t s5ds out pulsations1 keep+ all space full ( its tides ( liv+ light4 ,page #hj ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4--,zodiacal ,light4 ,we might say ) evid5t tru? t ! f>-(f planets are a "p ( ! sun1 s9ce ! space !y trav]se is fill$ ) ! p[] ( t controll+ k+2 n only ) light1 b also ) gravitat+ p[]4 ,b come to m pond]able matt]s4 ,if we look ,page #ha into our we/]n sky soon aft] sunset1 on a cle>1 moonless night 9 ,m>* or ,april1 we %all see a dim1 s(t light1 some:at l ! milky-way1 (t5 rea*+1 well def9$1 to ! ,pleiades4 ,x is w$ge-%ap$1 incl9$ to ! s\?1 & ! smalle/ /> c easily be se5 ?r\gh x4 ,mairan & ,cass9i affirm t !y h se5 sudd5 sp>kles & movem5ts ( light 9 x4 ,all our be/ te/s %[ ! spectrum ( ?is light to be cont9u\s1 & !re=e reflect$2 :i* indicates t x is a r+ ( small masses ( meteoric matt] surr\nd+ ! sun1 revolv+ ) x & reflect+ its light4 ,"o bit ( /one z l>ge z ! end ( "o's ?umb1 9 a cubic mile1 w\ld be en\gh to reflect :at light we see look+ ?r\gh millions ( miles ( x4 ,p]haps an eye suffici5tly ke5 & f> away w\ld see ! sun surr\nd$ by a lum9\s disk1 z ,saturn is ) 8 r+s4 ,z x ext5ds beyond ! e>?'s orbit1 if ?is be measur$ z a "p ( ! sun1 its diamet] w\ld be ab\t #bjj1jjj1jjj miles4 ,come clos]4 ,:5 ! sun is cov]$ by ! disk ( ! moon at ! in/ant ( total eclipse1 obs]v]s are />tl$ by /range sway+ lum9\s bann]s1 gho/ly & weird1 %oot+ 9 *angeful play ab\t ! c5tral d>kness 7,fig4 #cb74 ,^! =m ! corona4 ,m5 h usually be5 too mu* mov$ to describe !m1 & h always be5 incapable ( draw+ !m 9 ! %ort m9ute or two ( _! cont9uance4 ,b 9 #ahgh m5 travell$ eight ?\s& miles1 com+ & return+1 9 ord] t !y might note ! ?ree m9utes ( total eclipse 9 ,colorado4 ,ea* man _h 8 "w assign$ to him1 & he 0 drill$ to att5d to t & no?+ else4 ,improv$ in/rum5ts 7 put into 8 ,page #hb h&s1 s t ! sun 0 made to d 8 own draw+ & give 8 own picture at consecutive in/ants4 ,fig4 #cc is a copy ( a photograph ( ! corona ( #ahgh1 by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,drap]4 ,x %[$ mu* less *angeability t ye> ?an common1 x be+ v ne> ! "t ( lea/ sun-spot4 ,! previ\s picture 0 tak5 ne> ! "t ( maximum sun-spot4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4--,! ,corona 9 #aheh1 ,brazil4 ,x 0 !n settl$ t ! corona consi/s ( reflect$ light1 s5t to u f du/ p>ticles or meteoroids swirl+ 9 ! va/ seas1 giv+ new d5sities & ,page #hc r>ities1 & h5ce ?is *angeful light4 ,:e!r !y are !re by con/ant projection1 & fall aga9 to ! sun1 or are held by electric influ5ce1 or by =ce ( orbital revolution1 we d n "k4 ,t ! corona _c be 9 any s5se an atmosph]e ( any cont9u\s gas1 is se5 f ! fact t ! comet ( #ahdc1 pass+ )9 #ic1jjj miles ( ! body ( ! sun1 0 n burn$ out ( exi/5ce z a comet1 nor 9 any p]ceptible degree ret>d$ 9 its motion4 ,if ! sun's diamet] is to include ! corona1 x w be f #a1bfj1jjj to #a1dfj1jjj miles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4--,! ,corolla 9 #ahgh1 ,colorado4 ,page #hd ,come clos] /ill4 ,at ! in/ant ( ! totality ( ! eclipse r$ flames ( mo/ fanta/ic %ape play along ! edge ( ! moon's disk4 ,!y c be se5 at any "t by ! use ( a prop] telescope ) a spectroscope atta*$4 ,i h se5 !m ) great di/9ctness & brilliancy ) ! excell5t elev5-in* telescope ( ! ,wesleyan ,univ]sity4 ,a description ( _! appe>ance is be/ giv5 9 ! language ( ,pr(essor ,"y1 ( ,pr9ceton ,college1 :o has made ^! flames ! object ( mo/ successful /udy4 ,on ,septemb] #g?1 #ahga1 he 0 obs]v+ a l>ge hydrog5 cl\d by ! sun's edge4 ,?is cl\d 0 ab\t #ajj1jjj miles long1 & its upp] side 0 "s #ej1jjj miles above ! sun's surface1 ! l[] side "s #ae1jjj miles4 ,! :ole _h ! appe>ance ( be+ support$ on pill>s ( fire1 ^! seem+ pill>s be+ 9 reality hydrog5 jets bright] & m active ?an ! sub/ance ( ! cl\d4 ,at half-pa/ twelve1 :5 ,pr(essor ,"y *anc$ to be call$ away f 8 obs]vatory1 !re 7 no indications ( any approa*+ *ange1 except t "o ( ! connect+ /ems ( ! s\!rn extremity ( ! cl\d _h gr[n consid]ably bright] & m curi\sly b5t to "o side2 & ne> ! base ( ano!r1 at ! nor!rn end1 a little brilliant lump _h develop$ itself1 %ap$ mu* l a summ] ?und]head4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4--,sol> ,prom95ces ( ,flam+ ,hydrog54 ,b :5 ,pr(essor ,"y return$1 ab\t half an h\r lat]1 he f\nd t a v wond]ful *ange _h tak5 place1 & t a v rem>kable process 0 actually 9 progress4 ,! :ole ?+ _h be5 lit]ally bl[n to %r$s1 he says1 by "s inconceivable upru% f b5ea?4 ,9 place ( ! quiet cl\d ,i _h ,page #hg left1 ! air--if ,i may use ! expression--0 fill$ ) ! fly+ dbris1 a mass ( deta*$ v]tical fusi-=m fragm5ts1 ea* f t5 to ?irty seconds 7i4 e41 f f\r ?\s& five hundr$ to ?irte5 ?\s& five hundr$ miles7 long1 by two or ?ree seconds 7n9e hundr$ to ?irte5 hundr$ & fifty miles7 wide--bright]1 & clos] toge!r :]e ! pill>s _h =m]ly /ood1 & rapidly asc5d+4 ,:5 ,i look$1 "s ( !m _h already rea*$ a height ( ne>ly f\r m9utes 7#ajj1jjj miles72 & :ile ,i wat*$ !m !y arose ) a motion almo/ p]ceptible to ! eye1 until1 9 t5 m9utes1 ! upp]mo/ 7 m ?an #bjj1jjj miles above ! sol> surface4 ,?is 0 asc]ta9$ by c>eful measurem5ts1 ! mean ( ?ree closely accordant det]m9ations giv+ #baj1jjj miles z ! extreme altitude atta9$4 ,i am p>ticul> 9 ! /atem5t1 because1 s f> z ,i "k1 *romatosph]ic matt] 7r$ hydrog5 9 ?is case7 has nev] be=e be5 obs]v$ at any altitude exce$+ five m9utes1 or #ace1jjj miles4 ,! velocity ( asc5t1 also--"o hundr$ & sixty-sev5 miles p] second--is consid]ably great] ?an any?+ hi!rto record$4 99 99 99 ,z ! filam5ts arose1 !y gradually fad$ away l a dissolv+ cl\d1 & at a qu>t] pa/ "o only a few filmy wisps1 ) "s bright] /ream]s l[ d[n ne> ! *romatosph]e1 rema9$ to m>k ! place4 ,b 9 ! mean :ile ! little '?und]-head' be=e allud$ to _h gr[n & develop$ wond]fully into a mass ( roll+ & ev]-*ang+ flame1 to speak accord+ to appe>ances4 ,fir/1 x 0 cr[d$ d[n1 z x 71 along ! sol> surface2 lat]1 x arose almo/ pyramidally #ej1jjj miles 9 height2 !n ,page #hh its summit 0 drawn d[n into long filam5ts & ?reads1 :i* 7 mo/ curi\sly roll$ backw>d & =w>d1 l ! volutes ( an ,ionic capital1 & f9ally fad$ away1 & by half-pa/ two _h vani%$ l ! o!r4 ,! :ole ph5om5on sugge/$ mo/ =cibly ! idea ( an explosion "u ! great prom95ce1 act+ ma9ly upw>d1 b also 9 all directions outw>d2 & !n1 aft] an int]val1 foll[$ by a correspond+ 9-ru%4 ,no language c convey nor m9d conceive an idea ( ! fi]ce commotion we "h contemplate4 ,if we call ^! movem5ts hurricanes1 we mu/ rememb] t :at we use z a figure moves b "o hundr$ miles an h\r1 :ile ^! move "o hundr$ miles a second4 ,su* /orms ( fire on e>?1 com+ d[n ^u u f ! nor?1 w\ld1 9 ?irty seconds aft] !y _h cross$ ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 be 9 ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 c>ry+ ) !m ! :ole surface ( ! cont95t 9 a mass n simply ( ru9s b ( gl[+ vapor1 9 :i* ! vapors aris+ f ! dissolution ( ! mat]ials compos+ ! cities ( ,bo/on1 ,new ,york1 & ,*icago w\ld be mix$ 9 a s+le indi/+ui%able cl\d4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ^! evid5t visions ( an actual body 9 furi\s flame1 we ne$ hesitate no long] 9 accept+ z true ! words ( ,/4 ,pet] ( ! "t 9 :i* ! atmosph]ic heav5s %all pass away ) a great noise1 & ! elem5ts %all melt ) f]v5t heat2 ! e>? also1 & ! works t are !re91 %all be burn$ up4 ,?is region ( discont9u\s flame bel[ ! corona is call$ ! *romosph]e4 ,hydrog5 is ! pr9cipal mat]ial ( its upp] "p2 iron1 magnesium1 & o!r ,page #hi metals1 "s ( !m z yet unkn[n on e>?1 b hav+ a record 9 ! spectrum1 9 ! d5s] p>ts bel[4 ,if ^! fi]ce fires are a "p ( ! ,sun1 z !y assur$ly are1 its diamet] w\ld be f #a1jfj1jjj to #a1bfj1jjj miles4 ,let u approa* ev5 ne>]4 ,we see a cle>ly recogniz$ ev5 disk1 ( equal dim5sions 9 e direction4 ,?is is ! photosph]e4 ,we "h rea* "s def9itely measurable data = e/imat+ its visible size4 ,we already "k its di/ance4 ,its disk subt5ds an angle ( #cb' #ab4f1 or a little m ?an half a degree4 ,?ree hundr$ & sixty su* suns1 laid side by side1 w\ld span ! cele/ial ar* f ea/ to we/ ) a half circle ( light4 ,two l9es drawn f our e>? at ! angle m5tion$ w\ld be #hfj1jjj miles ap>t at ! di/ance ( #ib1ejj1jjj miles4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! diamet] ( ! visible & measurable "p ( ! sun4 ,x w\ld require "o hundr$ & eight globes l ! e>? 9 a l9e to measure ! sun's diamet]1 & ?ree hundr$ & ?irty-n9e1 to be /rung l ! beads ( a necklace1 to encircle 8 wai/4 ,! sun has a volume equal to #a1bde1jjj e>?s1 b be+ only "o-qu>t] z d5se1 x has a mass ( only #cbf1hjj e>?s4 ,x has sev5 hundr$ times ! mass ( all ! planets1 a/]oids1 & satellites put toge!r4 ,?us x is able to control !m all by its great] p[] ( attraction4 ,conc]n+ ! condition ( ! surface ( ! sun _m op9ions are held4 ,t x is hot beyond all e/imate is indubitable4 ,:e!r solid or gase\s we are n sure4 ,op9ions diff]3 "s incl9e to ! fir/ !ory1 o!rs to ! second2 "s deem ! sun compos$ ( solid p>ticles1 float+ 9 gas s cond5s$ ,page #ij by pressure & attraction z to %9e l a solid4 ,x has no s5sible *anges ( g5]al level1 b has prodigi\s activity 9 spots4 ,^! spots h be5 ! objects ( e>ne/ & almo/ h\rly /udy on ! "p ( su* m5 z ,sec*i1 ,locky]1 ,faye1 ,"y1 & o!rs1 = ye>s4 ,b x is a long way (f to /udy an object4 ,no telescope br+s x ne>] ?an #bjj1jjj miles4 ,!ory aft] !ory has be5 advanc$1 ea* "o satisfactory 9 "s po9ts1 none 9 all4 ,! facts ab\t ! spots are ^!3 ,!y are mo/ abundant on ! two sides ( ! equator4 ,!y are greg>i\s1 depress$ bel[ ! surface1 ( va/ ext5t1 black 9 ! c5tre1 usually surr\nd$ by a region ( p>tial d>kness1 beyond :i* is excessive light4 ,!y h motion ( _! own ov] ! surface--motion rotat+ ab\t an axis1 upw>d & d[nw>d ab\t ! edges4 ,!y *ange _! app>5t %ape z ! sun c>ries !m across its disk by axial revolution1 be+ n>r[ z !y pres5t _! edges to u1 & r\nd] z we look p]p5dicul>ly into !m 7,fig4 #ce74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ce4--;,*ange 9 ,spots z rotat$ across ! ,disk1 %[+ ,cavities4 ,^! spots are also v v>iable 9 numb]1 sometimes !re be+ none = ne>ly two hundr$ days1 & aga9 :ole ye>s dur+ :i* ! sun is nev] )\t !m4 ,! p]iod f m9imum to maximum ,page #ia ( spots is ab\t elev5 ye>s4 ,we might look = !m aga9 & aga9 9 va9 ?is ye> 7#ahgh74 ,!y w be mo/ num]\s 9 #ahhb & #ahic4 ,! cause ( ?is p]iodicity 0 inf]r$ to be ! ne> approa* ( ! enorm\s planet ,jupit]1 caus+ di/urbance by its attraction4 ,b ! p]iods d n correspond1 & ! cause is ! result ( "s law ( sol> action to u z yet unkn[n4 ,^! spots may be se5 ) almo/ any telescope1 ! eye be+ protect$ by deeply color$ glasses4 ,until )9 "o hundr$ ye>s !y 7 suppos$ to be isl&s ( scori float+ 9 ! sea ( molt5 matt]4 ,b !y 7 depress$ bel[ ! surface1 & %[$ a not* :5 on ! edge4 ,wilson orig9at$ & ,h]s*el develop$ ! !ory t ! sun's real body 0 d>k1 cool1 & habitable1 & t ! photosph]e 0 a lum9\s /ratum at a di/ance f ! real body1 ) op5+s %[+ ! d>k spots bel[4 ,su* a sun w\ld h cool$ (f 9 a week1 b w\ld previ\sly h annihilat$ all life bel[4 ,! sol> spots be+ mo/ abundant on ! two sides ( ! equator1 indicates _! cyclonic "*2 ! c5tre ( a cyclone is r>efi$1 & !re=e cold]1 & cold on ! sun is d>kness4 ,m4 ,faye says3 ,l our cyclones1 !y are desc5d+1 z ,i h prov$ by a special /udy ( ^! t]re/rial ph5om5a4 ,!y c>ry d[n into ! dep?s ( ! sol> mass ! cool] mat]ials ( ! upp] lay]s1 =m$ pr9cipally ( hydrog51 & ?us produce 9 _! c5tre a decid$ ext9ction ( light & heat z long z ! gyratory movem5t cont9ues4 ,f9ally1 ! hydrog5 set free at ! base ( ! :irlpool becomes reheat$ at ?is ,page #ib great dep?1 & rises up tumultu\sly ar\nd ! :irlpool1 =m+ irregul> jets1 :i* appe> above ! *romosph]e4 ,^! jets con/itute ! protub]ances4 ,! :irlpools ( ! sun1 l ^? on ! e>?1 are ( all dim5sions1 f ! sc>cely visible pores to ! enorm\s spots :i* we see f "t to "t4 ,!y h1 l ^? ( ! e>?1 a m>k$ t5d5cy1 fir/ to increase & !n to break up1 & ?us =m a r[ ( spots ext5d+ along ! same p>allel4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cf4--,sol> spot1 by ,langley4 ,a spot ( #bj1jjj miles diamet] is q small2 !re 0 "o #ad1haf miles across1 visible to ! nak$ eye = a week 9 #ahdc4 ,?is p>ticul> sun-spot some:at ,page #ic help$ ! ,mill]ites4 ,on ! day ( ! eclipse1 9 #aheh1 a spot ov] #ajg1jjj miles 9 ext5t 0 cle>ly se54 ,9 su* va/ tempe/s1 if !re 7 %ips built z l>ge z ! :ole e>?1 !y w\ld be toss$ l autumn leaves 9 an ocean /orm4 ,! revolution ( ! sun c>ries a spot across its face 9 ab\t f\rte5 days4 ,aft] a lapse ( z mu* m "t1 !y (t5 reappe> on ! o!r side1 *ang$ b recognizable4 ,!y (t5 break ont or disappe> "u ! eye ( ! obs]v]4 ,!y divide l a piece ( ice dropp$ on a froz5 pond1 ! pieces slid+ (f 9 e direction1 or comb9e l sep>ate floes driv5 toge!r into a pack4 ,sometimes a spot w la/ = m ?an two hundr$ days1 recognizable ?r\gh six or eight revolutions4 ,sometimes a spot w la/ only half an h\r4 ,! velocities indicat$ by ^! movem5ts are incr$ible4 ,an up-ru% & d[n-ru% at ! sides has be5 measur$ ( tw5ty miles a second2 a side-ru% or :irl1 ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty miles a second4 ,^! tempe/s rage f a few days to half a ye>1 trav]s+ regions s wide t our ,indian ,ocean1 ! realm ( /orms1 is too small to be us$ = comp>ison2 !n1 z !y cease1 ! advanc+ sides ( ! spots approa* ea* o!r at ! rate ( #bj1jjj miles an h\r2 !y /rike toge!r1 & ! ris+ spray ( fire leaps ?\s&s ( miles into space4 ,x falls aga9 into ! inc&esc5t surge1 rolls ov] m\nta9s z ! sea ov] pebbles1 & all ?is = eon aft] eon )\t sign ( exhau/ion or dim9ution4 ,all ^! swift succe$+ ,himalayas ( fire1 :]e "o hundr$ worlds c\ld be buri$1 d n usually prev5t ! sun's appe>+ to our f>-(f eyes z a p]fect sph]e4 ,page #id ,:at ! ,sun does = u4 ,to :at end does ?is enorm\s p[]1 ?is c5tral s\rce ( p[]1 exi/8 ,t x c\ld keep all ^! gigantic =ces )9 itself c\ld n be expect$4 ,x is 9 a sy/em :]e e atom is made to affect e o!r atom1 & e _w to influ5ce e o!r4 ,! ,au?or ( all lives only to d good1 to s5d ra9 on ! j & unju/1 to cause 8 sun to rise on ! evil & ! good1 & to give 8 _s1 l a p]petually wid5+ riv]1 to e man to pr(it )al4 ,! sun rea*es 8 unrelax+ h& ( gravitation to e o!r _w at e in/ant4 ,! t5d5cy ( e _w is to fly (f 9 a /raight l9e4 ,?is t5d5cy mu/ be mom5t>ily curb$1 & ! planet held 9 its true curve ab\t ! sun4 ,^! giant worlds mu/ be p]fectly h&l$4 ,_! spe$1 am\nt+ to sev5ty times z fa/ z t ( a rifle-ball1 mu/ be manag$4 ,ea* & e _w may be said to be lift$ mom5t>ily & swung p]petually at arm's-l5g? by ! p[] ( ! sun4 ,! sun w>ms u4 ,x w\ld convey b a small idea ( ! tru? to /ate h[ _m hundr$s ( millions ( cubic miles ( ice c\ld be hail$ at ! sun e second )\t affect+ its heat2 b1 if any "o has any curiosity to "k1 x is #bhg1bjj1jjj cubic miles ( ice p] second4 ,we j\rney ?r\gh space :i* has a temp]ature ( #bjj bel[ z]o2 b we live1 z x 71 9 a cons]vatory1 9 ! mid/ ( p]petual w9t]4 ,we are ro($ ov] by ! air t treasures ! heat1 floor$ "u by /rata bo? absorptive & ret5tive ( heat1 ,page #ie & betwe5 ! e>? & air violets gr[ & gra9s rip54 ,! sun has a /range *emical p[]4 ,x kisses ! cold e>?1 & x blu%es ) fl[]s & matures ! fruit & gra94 ,we are feeble creatures1 & ! sun gives u =ce4 ,by x ! light w9ds move "o-eigh? ( a mile an h\r1 ! /orm fifty miles1 ! hurricane "o hundr$4 ,! =ce is z ! squ>e ( ! velocity4 ,x is by means ( ! sun t ! m]*ant's :ite-sail$ %ips are bl[n safely home4 ,s ! sun c>ries (f ! miasma ( ! m>%1 ! pollution ( cities1 & !n s5ds ! w9ds to wa% & cleanse !mselves 9 ! sea-spray4 ,! wat]-falls ( ! e>? turn ma*9]y1 & make ,l[ells & ,man*e/]s possible1 because ! sun lift$ all t wat] to ! hills4 ,int]m+l$ ) ^! curr5ts ( air are ! curr5ts ( electric p[]1 all d]iv$ f ! sun4 ,^! h %[n _! swiftness & will+ness to s]ve man4 ,! sun's con/ant =ce display$ on ! e>? is equal to #edc1jjj1jjj1jjj eng9es ( #djj-;horse p[] ea*1 work+ day & night2 & yet ! e>? receives only #a_/baejjjjjjjj "p ( ! :ole =ce ( ! sun4 ,besides all ?is1 ! sun1 ) provid5t c>e1 has made & giv5 to u coal4 ,?is omnipot5t work] has /or$ away 9 pa/ ages an inexhau/ible res]voir ( 8 p[] :i* man may easily m9e & direct1 ?us releas+ himself f absorb+ toil4 ,,exp]im5ts4 ,any "o may see ! spots on ! sun :o has a spy-glass4 ,d>k5 ! room & put ! glass ?r\gh an op5+ t[>d ! sun1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #cg4 ,! eye-piece %\ld be drawn out ab\t half an in* beyond ,page #if its usual focus+ = di/ant objects4 ,! f>!r x is drawn1 ! ne>] mu/ we hold ! scre5 = a p]fect image4 ,by hold+ a pap] ne> ! eye-piece1 ! prop] direction ( ! in/rum5t may be discov]$ )\t injury to ! eyes4 ,by ?is means ! sun c be /udi$ f day to day1 & its spots or ! transits ( ,m]cury & ,v5us %[n to any numb] ( spectators4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg4--;,hold+ ,telescope to see ! ,sun's ,spots4 ,fir/ cov]+ ! eyes ) v d>k or smok$ glasses1 erect a disk ( pa/ebo>d f\r in*es 9 diamet] betwe5 y & ! sun2 close "o eye2 /& ne> x1 & ! :ole sun is obscur$4 ,)draw f x till ! sun's rays j %oot ov] ! edge ( ! disk on e side4 ,measure ! di/ance f ! eye to ! disk4 ,y w be able to det]m9e ! di/ance ( ! sun by ! rule ( ?ree3 ?us1 z f\r in*es is to #hfj1jjj miles1 s is di/ance f eye to disk to di/ance f disk to ! sun4 ,take su* measurem5ts at sunrise1 noon1 & sunset1 & see ! app>5tly diff]+ sizes due to refraction4 ,page #ig ,,vi4 ,,! ,,planets1 ,,z ,,se5 ,,f ,,space4 ,he hange? ! e>? ^u no?+4--,job xxvi4 #g4 ,page #ih ,let a p[] be delegat$ to a f9ite _s equal to ! projection ( ! mo/ pond]\s planet 9 its orbit1 &1 f an exhau/less magaz9e1 let ?is _s select 8 gr& c5tral orb4 ,let him ) puissant arm locate x 9 space1 &1 ob$i5t to 8 m&ate1 !re let x rema9 =ev] fix$4 ,he proce$s to select 8 planet>y globes1 :i* he is n[ requir$ to m>%al 9 _! appropriate ord] ( di/ance f ! sun4 ,he$ well ?is di/ribution2 = %\ld a s+le globe be misplac$1 ! div9e h>mony is de/roy$ =ev]4 ,let u admit t f9ite intellig5ce may at l5g? det]m9e ! ord] ( comb9ation2 ! mighty ho/ is array$ 9 ord]4 ,^! worlds1 l fi]y c\rs]s1 /& wait+ ! comm& to fly4 ,b1 mighty _s1 he$ well ! gr& /ep1 pond] well ! direction 9 :i* ?\ wilt laun* ea* wail+ _w2 weigh well ! mighty impulse soon to be giv51 = out ( ! myriads ( directions1 & ! myriads ( impulsive =ces1 !re comes b a s+le comb9ation t w secure ! p]petuity ( y\r complex s*eme4 ,9 va9 does ! bewild]$ f9ite _s attempt to fa?om ?is mighty dep?4 ,9 va9 does x seek to resolve ! /up5d\s problem4 ,x turns away1 & :ile endu$ ) omnipot5t p[]1 exclaims1 ',give to me inf9ite wisdom1 or relieve me f ! impossible task6'-#j4 ,m4 ,,mit*el1 ,,ll4 ,d4 ,page #ii ,,vi4 ,,! ,,planets1 ,,z ,,se5 ,,f ,,space ,if we 7 to g out into space a few millions ( miles f ei!r pole ( ! sun1 & 7 end[$ ) wond]ful ke5ness ( vision1 we %\ld p]ceive c]ta9 facts1 viz3 ,t space is frightfully d>k except :5 we look directly at "s lum9\s body4 ,!re is no air to b5d ! light out ( its c\rse1 no cl\ds or o!r objects to reflect x 9 a ?\s& directions4 ,e /> is a brilliant po9t1 ev5 9 p]petual sun%9e4 ,! cold is frightful beyond ! endurance ( our bodies4 ,!re is no s\nd ( voice 9 ! abs5ce ( air1 & conv]sation by means ( vocal organs be+ impossible1 x mu/ be c>ri$ on by means ( m9d communication4 ,we see bel[ an unrevolv+ po9t on ! sun t m>ks its pole4 ,rang$ r\nd 9 ord] are ! v>i\s planets1 ea* ) its axis po9t+ 9 v ne>ly ! same direction4 ,all planets1 except possibly ,v5us1 & all moons except ^? ( ,uranus & ,neptune1 pres5t _! equators to ! sun4 ,! direction ( orbital & axial revolution se5 f above ! ,nor? ,pole w\ld be opposite to t ( ! h&s ( a wat*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ch4--,orbits & ,comp>ative ,sizes ( ! ,planets4 ,! spe$ ( ?is orbital revolution mu/ be proportion$ to ! di/ance f ! sun4 ,! attraction ( ! sun v>ies inv]sely z ! squ>e ( ! di/ance4 ,page #ajj ,x holds a planet ) a c]ta9 p[]2 "o twice z f> (f1 ) "o-f\r? t p[]4 ,?is attraction mu/ be c\nt]balanc$ by c5trifugal =ce2 great =ce f great spe$ :5 attraction is great1 & small f less ,page #aja spe$ :5 attractive p[] is dim9i%$ by di/ance4 ,h5ce ,m]cury mu/ g #bi4e miles p] second--sev5ty times z fa/ z a rifle-ball t goes two-fif?s ( a mile 9 a second--or be drawn into ! sun2 :ile ,neptune1 sev5ty-five times z f> (f1 & h5ce attract$ only #a_/efbf z mu*1 mu/ be sl[$ d[n to #c4d miles a second to prev5t its fly+ away f ! feebl] attraction ( ! sun4 ,! orbital velocity ( ! v>i\s planets 9 miles p] second is z foll[s3 ,m]cury #bi4ee ,jupit] #h4jf ,v5us #ba4fa ,saturn #e4ie ,e>? #ah4ch ,uranus #d4bj ,m>s #ad4ii ,neptune #c4cf ,h5ce1 :ile ! e>? makes "o revolution 9 its ye>1 ,m]cury has made ov] f\r revolutions1 or pass$ ?r\gh f\r ye>s2 ! sl[] ,neptune has made only #a_/afd ( "o revolution4 ,! "t ( axial revolution :i* det]m9es ! l5g? ( ! day v>ies ) diff]5t planets4 ,! p]iods ( ! f\r planets ne>e/ ! sun v>y only half an h\r f t ( ! e>?1 :ile ! enorm\s bodies ( ,jupit] & ,saturn revolve 9 t5 & t5 & a qu>t] h\rs respectively4 ,?is high rate ( spe$1 & its resultant1 c5trifugal =ce1 has aid$ 9 prev5t+ ^! bodies f becom+ z d5se z !y w\ld o!rwise be--,jupit] be+ only #j4bd z d5se z ! e>?1 & ,saturn only #j4ac4 ,?is extremely rapid revolution produces a great flatt5+ at ! poles4 ,if ,jupit] %\ld rotate f\r times m rapidly ?an x does1 x c\ld n be held toge!r compactly4 ,z x is1 ! pol> diamet] is five ?\s& miles less ?an ! equatorial3 ! diff]5ce 9 diamet]s produc$ by ! ,page #ajb same cause on ! e>?1 ow+ to ! sl[] motion & small] mass1 be+ only tw5ty-six miles4 ,! effect ( ?is w be m specifically treat$ h]eaft]4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! size ( ! planets is v noticeable4 ,if we repres5t ! sun by a gild$ globe two feet 9 diamet]1 we mu/ repres5t ,vulcan & ,m]cury by mu/>d-se$s2 ,v5us1 by a pea2 ,e>?1 by ano!r2 ,m>s1 by "o-half ! size2 ,a/]oids1 by ! motes 9 a sunbeam2 ,jupit]1 by a small-siz$ orange2 ,saturn1 by a small] "o2 ,uranus1 by a *]ry2 & ,neptune1 by "o a little l>g]4 ,apply ! pr9ciple t attraction is 9 proportion to ! mass1 & a man :o weighs "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds on ! e>? weighs ?ree hundr$ & n9ety-six on ,jupit]1 & only fifty-eight on ,m>s2 :ile on ! ,a/]oids he c\ld play ) b[ld]s = m>bles1 hurl hills l ,milton's angels1 leap into ! fif?-/ory w9d[s ) ease1 tumble ov] precipices )\t h>m1 & g ar\nd ! little worlds 9 sev5 jumps4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ci4--,orbit ( ,e>?1 %[+ ,p>allelism ( ,axis & ,seasons4 ,! seasons ( a planet are caus$ by ! incl9ation ( its axis to ! plane ( its orbit4 ,9 ,fig4 #ci ! rotat+ e>? is se5 at ,a1 ) its nor!rn pole turn+ 9 con/ant sunlight1 & its s\!rn pole 9 con/ant d>kness2 ev]y:]e s\? ( ! equator is m d>kness ?an day1 & h5ce w9t]4 ,pass+ on to ,b1 ! _w is se5 illum9at$ equally on ea* side ( ! equator4 ,e place has its twelve h\rs' d>kness & light at ea* revolution4 ,b at ,c--! axis ( ! e>? always pres]v+ ! same direction--! nor!rn pole is %r\d$ 9 cont9ual gloom4 ,e place ,page #aje nor? ( ! equator gets m d>kness ?an light1 & h5ce w9t]4 ,! v>y+ incl9ation ( ! axes ( ! diff]5t planets gives a wond]ful v>iety to _! seasons4 ,! sun is always ne>ly ov] ! equator ( ,jupit]1 & e place has ne>ly its five h\rs day & five h\rs night4 ,! seasons ( ,e>?1 ,m>s1 & ,saturn are s mu* alike1 except 9 l5g?1 t no comm5t is necess>y4 ,! ice-fields at ei!r pole ( ,m>s are obs]v$ to enl>ge & contract1 accord+ z x is w9t] or summ] !re4 ,saturn's seasons are ea* sev5 & a half ye>s long4 ,! alt]nate d>kness & light at ! poles is fifte5 ye>s long4 ,b ! seasons ( ,v5us pres5t ! greate/ anomaly1 if its assign$ incl9ation ( axis 7#ge7 c be reli$ on z correct1 :i* is d\btful4 ,its tropic zone ext5ds ne>ly to ! pole1 & at ! same "t ! w9t] at ! o!r pole rea*es ! equator4 ,! %ort p]iod ( ?is planet causes x to pres5t ! s\? pole to ! sun only "o hundr$ & twelve days aft] x has be5 scor*+ ! "o at ! nor?4 ,?is gives two w9t]s1 spr+s1 summ]s1 & autumns to ! equator 9 two hundr$ & tw5ty-five days4 ,if ea* :irl+ _w %\ld leave beh9d x a trail ( light to m>k its orbit1 & our p]ceptions ( =m 7 suffici5tly acute1 we %\ld see t ^! curves ( light are n exact circles1 b a little flatt5$ into an ellipse1 ) ! sun always 9 "o ( ! foci4 ,h5ce ea* planet is ne>] to ! sun at "o "p ( its orbit ?an ano!r2 t po9t is call$ ! p]ihelion1 & ! f>!/ po9t aphelion4 ,?is ecc5tricity ( orbit1 or di/ance ( ! sun f ! c5tre1 is v small4 ,page #ajf ,9 ! case ( ,v5us x is only 4#jjg ( ! :ole1 & 9 no in/ance is x m ?an 4#b1 viz41 t ( ,m]cury4 ,?is makes ! sun appe> twice z l>ge1 bright1 & hot z se5 & felt on ,m]cury at its p]ihelion ?an at its aphelion4 ,! e>? is #c1bcf1jjj miles ne>] to ! sun 9 our w9t] ?an summ]4 ,h5ce ! summ] 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e is m intol]able ?an 9 ! nor!rn4 ,b ?is ecc5tricity is /eadily dim9i%+ at a uni=m rate1 by reason ( ! p]turb+ influ5ce ( ! o!r planets4 ,9 ! case ( "s o!r planets x is /eadily increas+1 &1 if x 7 to g on a suffici5t "t1 might cause frightful extremes ( temp]ature2 b ,lal&e has %[n t !re are limits at :i* x is said1 ,?us f> %alt ?\ g1 & no f>!r4 ,!n a comp5sative dim9ution w foll[4 ,conceive a l>ge globe1 to repres5t ! sun1 float+ 9 a r\nd pond4 ,! axis w be incl9$ #g-a_/b to ! surface ( ! wat]1 "o side ( ! equator be #g-a_/b bel[ ! surface1 & ! o!r side ! same di/ance above4 ,let ! half-subm]g$ e>? sail ar\nd ! sun 9 an appropriate orbit4 ,! surface ( ! wat] w be ! plane ( ! orbit1 & ! wat] t rea*es out to ! %ore1 :]e ! />s w\ld be set1 w be ! plane ( ! ecliptic4 ,x is ! plane ( ! e>?'s orbit ext5d$ to ! />s4 ,! orbits ( all ! planets d n lie 9 ! same plane1 b are diff]5tly incl9$ to ! plane ( ! ecliptic1 or ! plane ( ! e>?'s orbit4 ,go+ out f ! sun's equator1 s z to see all ! orbits ( ! planets on ! edge1 we %\ld see !m incl9$ to t ( ! e>?1 z 9 ,fig4 #dj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dj4--;,incl9ation ( ! ,planes ( ,orbits4 ,if ! e>?1 & ,saturn1 & ,pallas 7 ly+ 9 ,page #ajg ! same direction f ! sun1 & ! out] bodies 7 to />t 9 a direct l9e = ! sun1 !y w\ld n collide ) ! e>? on _! way2 b ,saturn w\ld pass #d1jjj1jjj & ,pallas #ej1jjj1jjj miles ov] our heads4 ,f ?is same cause we d n see ,v5us & ,m]cury make a transit across ! disk ( ! sun at e revolution4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #da4--;,incl9ation ( ,orbits ( ,v5us & ,e>?4 ,nodal ,l9e1 ,d ,b4 ,fig4 #da %[s a view ( ! orbits ( ! e>? & ,v5us se5 n f ! edge b f a position some:at above4 ,! po9t ,e1 :]e ,v5us crosses ! plane ( ! e>?'s orbit1 is call$ ! asc5d+ node4 ,if ! e>? 7 at ,b :5 ,v5us is at ,e1 ,v5us w\ld be se5 on ! disk ( ! sun1 mak+ a transit4 ,! same w\ld be true if ! e>? 7 at ,d1 & ,v5us at ! desc5d+ node ,f4 ,?is g5]al view ( ! fly+ sph]es is full ( int]e/4 ,page #ajh ,:ile quiv]+ !mselves ) ?und]\s noises1 all is sil5t ab\t !m2 e>?quakes may be /ruggl+ on _! surfaces1 b !re is no h9t ( cont5tion 9 ! quiet ( space4 ,!y are too di/ant f "o ano!r to ex*ange signals1 except1 p]haps1 ! fleet ( a/]oids t sail ! azure betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit]4 ,"s ( ^! come ne> toge!r1 cont9u+ to fill ea* o!r's sky = days ) brightness1 !n "o gradually draws ahead4 ,!y h all phases = ea* o!r--cresc5t1 half1 full1 & gibb\s4 ,^! hundr$s ( bodies fill ! realm :]e !y are ) inexhau/ible v>iety4 ,beyond are va/ spaces--cold1 d>k1 void ( matt]1 b full ( p[]4 ,occasionally a little sp>k ( light looms up rapidly into a _w s huge t a ?\s& ( our e>?s c\ld n occupy its va/ bulk4 ,x sw+s its f\r or eight moons ) p]fect skill & inf9ite /r5g?2 b !y g by & leave ! sil5ce unbrok51 ! d>kness unlight$ = ye>s4 ,nev]!less1 e "p ( space is full ( p[]4 ,n[h]e 9 its wide orbit c a _w f9d a place2 at no "t 9 its eons ( flight c x f9d an in/ant :5 ! sun does n hold x 9 safety & life4 ,! ,outlook f ! ,e>?4 ,if we come 9 f our w&]+s 9 space & take an outlook f ! e>?1 we %all obs]ve c]ta9 movem5ts1 easily int]pret$ n[ t we "k ! sy/em1 b ne>ly inexplicable to m5 :o naturally suppos$ t ! e>? 0 ! l>ge/1 mo/ /able1 & c5tral body 9 ! univ]se4 ,we see1 fir/ ( all1 sun1 moon1 & />s rise 9 ! ea/1 m\nt ! heav5s1 & set 9 ! we/4 ,z ,i ,page #aji revolve 9 my pivot$ /udy-*air1 & see all sides ( ! room--libr>y1 maps1 photographs1 telescope1 & w9d[s--,i h no suspicion t x is ! room t :irls2 b look+ out ( a c>-w9d[ 9 a depot at ano!r c>1 "o _c tell :i* is mov+1 :e!r x be 8 c> or ! o!r4 ,9 reg>d to ! _w1 we h come to feel its :irl4 ,we h notic$ ! pyramids ( ,egypt lift$ to hide ! sun2 ! m\nta9s ( ,hymettus hurl$ d[n1 s z to disclose ! moon t 0 beh9d !m to ! wat*]s on ! ,acropolis2 & ! mighty m\nta9s ( ,moab remov$ to reveal ! />s ( ! ea/4 ,tra9 ! telescope on any />2 x mu/ be mov$ frequ5tly1 or ! _w w roll ! in/rum5t away f ! object4 ,susp5d a cannon-ball by a f9e wire at ! equator2 set x vibrat+ nor? & s\?1 & x sw+s all day 9 precisely ! same direction4 ,b susp5d x directly ov] ! nor? pole1 & set x sw++ t[>d ,wa%+ton2 9 six h\rs aft] x is sw++ t[>d ,rome1 9 ,italy2 9 twelve h\rs1 t[>d ,siam1 9 ,asia2 9 n9ete5 h\rs1 t[>d ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s2 & 9 tw5ty-f\r1 t[>d ,wa%+ton aga91 n because x has *ang$ ! plane ( its vibration1 b because ! e>? has :irl$ b5ea? x1 & ! torsion ( ! wire has n be5 suffici5t to compel ! plane ( ! orig9al direction to *ange ) ! turn+ ( ! e>?4 ,! law ( in]tia keeps x mov+ 9 ! same direction4 ,! same exp]im5tal pro( ( revolution is %[n 9 a proportional degree at any po9t betwe5 ! pole & ! equator4 ,b ! wat*]s on ! ,acropolis d n get turn$ ov] s z to see ! moon at ! same "t e night4 ,page #aaj ,we turn d[n our ea/]n horizon1 b we d n f9d fair ,luna at ! same mom5t we did ! night be=e4 ,we are oblig$ to roll on = "s ?irty to fifty m9utes long] be=e we f9d ! moon4 ,x mu/ be go+ 9 ! same direction1 & x takes u long] to get r\nd to x ?an if if x 7 always 9 ! same spot2 s we notice a /> ne> ! moon "o night--x is #ac we/ ( ! moon ! next night4 ,! moon is go+ ar\nd ! e>? f we/ to ea/1 & if x goes #ac 9 "o day1 x w take a little m ?an tw5ty-sev5 days to g ! entire circle ( #cfj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4--,%[+ ! ,sun's ,movem5t among ! ,/>s4 ,page #aaa ,9 our outlook we soon obs]ve t we d n by our revolution come to see ! same />s rise at ! same h\r e night4 ,orion & ! ,pleiades1 our famili> fri5ds 9 ! w9t] heav5s1 are gone f ! summ] sky4 ,h !y fl$1 or are we turn$ f !m8 ,?is is easily und]/ood f ,fig4 #db4 ,:5 ! obs]v] on ! e>? at ,a looks into ! midnight sky he sees ! />s at ,e2 b z ! e>? passes on to ,b1 he sees ^? />s at ,e ?ree m9utes soon] e night2 & at midnight ! />s at ,f are ov] 8 head4 ,?us 9 a ye>1 by go+ ar\nd ! sun1 we h e /> ( ! cele/ial dome 9 our midnight sky4 ,we see also h[ ! sun appe>s among ! successive con/ellations4 ,:5 we are at ,a1 we see ! sun among ! />s at ,g2 b z we move t[>d ,b1 ! sun appe>s to move t[>d ,h4 ,if we _h obs]v$ ! sun rise on ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 #ahgf1 we %\ld h se5 x rise a little be=e ,regulus1 & a little s\? ( x1 9 su* a relation z circle #a is to ! /> 9 ,fig4 #dc4 ,by sunset ! e>? _h mov$ en\gh to make ! sun appe> to be at circle #b1 & by ! next morn+ at circle #c1 at :i* "t ,regulus w\ld rise be=e ! sun4 ,?us ! e>?'s motion seems to make ! sun trav]se a regul> circle among ! />s once a ye>3 b x is n ! sun t moves4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4 ,!re are c]ta9 />s t h su* irregul>1 unc]ta91 vag>i\s ways t !y 7 call$ vagabonds1 or planets1 by ! e>ly a/ronom]s4 ,"h is ! pa? ( ,jupit] 9 ! ye> #ahff 7,fig4 #dd74 ,^! bodies g =w>d = a:ile1 !n /op1 />t aside1 !n retrograde1 ,page #aab & g on aga94 ,"s are nev] se5 f> f ! sun1 & o!rs 9 all p>ts ( ! ecliptic4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dd4 ,fir/ see !m z !y /& to-day1 z 9 ,fig4 #de4 ,! obs]v] /&s on ! e>? at ,a4 ,x has roll$ ov] s f> t he _c see ! sun2 x has set4 ,b ,v5us is /ill 9 sight2 ,jupit] is #de beh9d ,v5us1 & ,saturn is se5 #ij f>!r ea/4 ,:5 ,a has roll$ a little f>!r1 if he is awake1 he w see ,m>s be=e he sees ! sun2 or1 9 common language1 ,v5us w set aft]1 & ,m>s rise be=e ! sun4 ,all ^! bodies at ne> & f> di/ances seem set 9 ! />ry dome1 z ! diff]5t />s seem 9 ,fig4 #db1 p4 #aaj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #de4 ,%[+ ,position ( ,planets4 ,! my/]i\s movem5ts ( advance & retreat are r5d]$ intelligible by ,fig4 #df4 ,! planet ,m]cury is at ,a1 &1 se5 f ! e>?1 ,b is locat$ at a1 ,page #aac on ! backgr\nd ( ! />s x seems to be among4 ,x rema9s app>5tly /ation>y at a = "s "t1 because approa*+ ! e>? 9 ne>ly a /raight l9e4 ,pass+ ,d to ,c1 x appe>s to retrograde among ! />s to c2 rema9s app>5tly /ation>y = "s "t1 !n1 9 pass+ f ,c to ,e & ,a1 appe>s to pass back among ! />s to a4 ,! progress ( ! e>?1 mean:ile1 al?\gh x greatly ret>ds ! app>5t motion f ,a to ,c1 greatly ha/5s x f ,c to ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #df4--;,app>5t ,movem5ts ( an ,inf]ior ,planet4 ,x is also app>5t t ,m]cury & ,v5us1 se5 f ! e>?1 c nev] appe> f> f ! sun4 ,!y mu/ be j beh9d ! sun z ev5+ />s1 or j be=e x z h]alds ( ! morn+4 ,v5us is nev] m ?an #dg f ! sun1 & ,m]cury nev] m ?an #cj2 inde$1 x keeps s ne> ! sun t v few p h ev] se5 ! brilliant sp>kl]4 ,obs]ve h[ mu* l>g] ! planet appe>s ne> ! e>? 9 conjunction at ,d ?an 9 opposition at ,e4 ,obs]ve also :at phases x mu/ pres5t1 & h[ transits sometimes take place4 ,page #aad ,! movem5t ( a sup]ior planet1 "o ^: orbit is ext]ior to ! e>?1 is cle> f ,fig4 #dg4 ,:5 ! e>? is at ,a & ,m>s at ,b1 x w appe> among ! />s at ,c4 ,:5 ! e>? is at ,d1 ,m>s hav+ mov$ m sl[ly to ,e1 w h retrograd$ to ,f4 ,x rema9s !re :ile ! e>? passes on1 9 a l9e ne>ly /raight1 f ,m>s to ,g2 !n1 z ! e>? beg9s to curve ar\nd ! sun1 ,m>s w appe> to retrav]se ! di/ance f ,f to ,c1 & beyond4 ,! f>!r ! sup]ior planet is f ! e>? ! less w be ! retrograde movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4--;,illu/rat+ ,movem5ts ( a ,sup]ior ,planet4 ,! read] %\ld draw ! orbits 9 proportion1 &1 rememb]+ ! relative spe$ ( ea* planet1 note ! movem5t ( ea* 9 diff]5t p>ts ( _! orbits4 ,to acc\nt = ^! mo/ simple movem5ts1 ! e>li] a/ronom]s inv5t$ ! mo/ complex & impossible ma*9]y4 ,!y ?\ght ! e>? ! c5tre1 & t ! sun1 moon1 & />s 7 c>ri$ ab\t x1 z /oves ar\nd a p]son to w>m him4 ,!y ?\ght ^! /range movem5ts ( ! planets 7 accompli%$ by m\nt+ !m on subsidi>y ecc5tric :eels 9 ! revolv+ cry/al sph]e4 ,all t 0 ,page #aae ne$$ to give !m a "r conception 0 a s9k+ ( _! _w & !mselves to an appropriate proportion1 & an enl>gem5t ( _! vision1 to take 9 f an exalt$ /&-po9t a view ( ! simplicity ( ! p]fect plan4 ,,exp]im5ts4 ,fix a rod1 or tube1 or telescope po9t+ at a /> 9 ! ca/ or we/1 & ! e>?'s revolution w be app>5t 9 a mom5t1 turn+ ! tube away f ! />4 ,po9t x at />s ab\t ! nor? pole1 & ^? on "o side w be f\nd go+ 9 an opposite direction f ^? on ! o!r1 & v mu* sl[] ?an ^? ab\t ! equator4 ,anyone c try ! p5dulum exp]im5t :o has access to "s l(ty place f :i* to susp5d ! ball4 ,x 0 tri$ 9 ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t a few ye>s ago1 & is to be tri$ 9 ,p>is1 9 ! summ] ( #ahgi1 ) a sev5-hundr$-p\nd p5dulum & a susp5d+ wire sev5ty y>ds long4 ,! advance & retrograde movem5ts ( planets c be illu/rat$ by two p]sons walk+ ar\nd a c5tre & notic+ ! place :]e ! p]son appe>s project$ on ! wall beyond4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,procession ,,( ,,/>s ,,& ,,s\ls4 ,i /ood ^u ! op5 casem5t1 ,& look$ ^u ! night1 ,& saw ! we/w>d-go+ />s ,pass sl[ly out ( sight4 ,sl[ly ! bright procession ,w5t d[n ! gleam+ ar*1 ,& my s\l disc]n$ ! music ,( ! long triumphal m>*2 ,till ! great cele/ial army1 ,/ret*+ f> beyond ! poles1 ,became ! et]nal symbol ,( ! mighty m>* ( s\ls4 ,page #aaf ,onw>d1 =ev] onw>d1 ,r$ ,m>s l$ on 8 clan2 ,& ! moon1 l a maild maid51 ,0 rid+ 9 ! van4 ,& "s 7 bright 9 beauty1 ,& "s 7 fa9t & small1 ,b ^! might be1 9 _! great heights1 ,! noble/ ( !m all4 ,d[nw>d1 =ev] d[nw>d1 ,beh9d e>?'s dusky %ore1 ,!y pass$ into ! unkn[n night-- ,!y pass$1 & 7 no m4 ,no m6 ,oh1 say n s6 ,& d[nw>d is n j2 ,= ! sight is weak & ! s5se is dim ,t looks ?r\gh heat$ du/4 ,! />s & ! maild moon1 ,?\gh !y seem to fall & die1 ,/ill sweep 9 _! embattl$ l9es ,an endless rea* ( sky4 ,& ?\gh ! hills ( ,dea? ,may hide ! bright array1 ,! m>%all$ bro!rhood ( s\ls ,/ill keeps its onw>d way4 ,upw>d1 =ev] upw>d1 ,i see _! m>* sublime1 ,& he> ! glori\s music ,( ! conqu]ors ( ,"t4 ,& long let me rememb] ,t ! pale/ fa9t+ "o ,may to div9] vision be ,a bright & blaz+ sun4 ,,?omas ,,bu*anan ,,read4 ,page #aag ,,vii4 ,,%oot+-,,/>s1 ,,meteors1 ,,& ,,comets4 ,! ,"l ca/ d[n great /ones f heav5 ^u !m unto ,azekah1 & !y di$4--,jo%ua x4 ,,ii4 ,page #aah ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sw>m ,,( ,,meteors ,,meet+ ,,! ,,e>?4 ,_! orbits are all p>allel4 ,^? com+ 9 direct l9e to ! eye appe> z />s1 hav+ no motion4 ,^? on "o side ( ?is l9e are se5 9 =e%ort5$ p]spective4 ,^? fur!/ f ! c5tre1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 appe> longe/4 ,! c5tre1 call$ ! radiant po9t1 ( ^! ,novemb] meteors is situat$ 9 ,leo2 t ( ! ,augu/ meteors 9 ,p]seus4 ,ov] fifty su* radiant po9ts h be5 discov]$4 ,ov] #cj1jjj meteors h be5 visible 9 an h\r4 ,page #aai ,,vii4 ,,%oot+-,,/>s1 ,,meteors1 ,,& ,,comets4 ,be=e p>ticul>ly consid]+ ! l>g] aggregations ( matt] call$ planets or worlds z individuals1 x is be/ to inve/igate a "p ( ! sol> sy/em consi/+ ( small] collections ( matt] scatt]$ ev]y:]e ?r\gh space4 ,!y are ( v>i\s d5sities1 f a cl\dlet ( r>e/ gas to solid rock2 ( v>i\s sizes1 f a gra9's weight to little worlds2 ( v>i\s relations to ea* o!r1 f indep5d5t individuality to relat$ /reams millions ( miles long4 ,:5 !y become visible !y are call$ %oot+-/>s1 :i* are evanesc5t />-po9ts d>t+ ?r\gh ! upp] air1 leav+ = an in/ant a brilliant tra92 meteors1 sudd5 lights1 hav+ a disc]nible diamet]1 pass+ ov] a l>ge ext5t ( c\ntry1 (t5 explod+ ) viol5ce 7,fig4 #dh71 & ?r[+ d[n ^u ! e>? a]olites2 & comets1 va/ ext5ts ( gho/ly light1 t come we "k n :5ce & g we "k n :i!r4 ,all ^! =ms ( matt] are gov]n$ by ! same laws z ! worlds1 & are an integral "p ( ! sol> sy/em--a "p ( ! unity ( ! univ]se4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh4--;,explosion ( a ,bolide4 ,ev]yone has se5 ! s-call$ %oot+-/>s4 ,!y break out ) a sudd5 brilliancy1 %oot a few degrees ) quiet spe$1 & are gone be=e we c say1 ,see !re6 ,! cause ( _! appe>ance1 ! ,page #abj conv]sion ( =ce into heat by _! contact ) our atmosph]e1 has be5 already expla9$4 ,o!r facts rema9 to be /udi$4 ,!y are f\nd to appe> ab\t sev5ty-?ree miles above ! e>?1 & to disappe> ab\t tw5ty miles ne>] ! surface4 ,_! av]age velocity1 ?irty-five1 sometimes rises to "o hundr$ miles a second4 ,!y exhibit diff]5t colors1 accord+ to _! diff]5t *emical sub/ances1 :i* are consum$4 ,! numb] ( !m to be se5 on diff]5t nights is exce$+ly v>iable2 sometimes n m ,page #aba ?an five or six an h\r1 & sometimes s _m t a man _c c\nt ^? appe>+ 9 a small section ( sky4 ,?is v>iability is f\nd to be p]iodic4 ,!re are ev]y:]e 9 space little meteoric masses ( matt]1 f ! weight ( a gra9 to a ton1 & f ! d5sity ( gas to rock4 ,! e>? meets #g1ejj1jjj little bodies e day--!re is collision--! little meteoroid gives out its lightn+ sign ( ext9ction1 &1 consum$ 9 f]v5t heat1 drops to ! e>? z gas or du/4 ,if we add ! numb] light en\gh to be se5 by a telescope1 !y _c be less ?an #djj1jjj1jjj a day4 ,ev]y:]e we g1 9 a space z l>ge z t occupi$ by ! e>? & its atmosph]e1 !re mu/ be at lea/ #ac1jjj bodies--"o 9 #bj1jjj1jjj cubic miles--l>ge en\gh to make a light visible to ! nak$ eye1 & =ty times t numb] capable ( reveal+ !mselves to telescopic vision4 ,pr(essor ,peirce is ab\t to publi%1 z ! />tl+ result ( 8 inve/igations1 t ! heat :i* ! e>? receives directly f meteors is ! same 9 am\nt :i* x receives f ! sun by radiation1 & t ! sun receives five-six?s ( its heat f ! meteors t fall ^u x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4--;,bolides4 ,page #aba ,9 #aghc ,dr4 ,s*midt 0 =tunate en\gh to h a telescopic view ( a sy/em ( bodies :i* _h turn$ into meteors4 ,^! 7 two l>g] bodies foll[$ by sev]al small] ones1 go+ 9 p>allel l9es till !y 7 ext+ui%$4 ,!y probably _h be5 revolv+ ab\t ea* o!r z worlds & satellites be=e ent]+ our atmosph]e4 ,x is m ?an probable t ! e>? has _m su* bodies1 too small to be visible1 revolv+ ar\nd x z moons4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4--,santa ,rosa ,a]olite4 ,a]olites4 ,sometimes ! bodies are l>ge en\gh to be> ! heat1 & ! unconsum$ c5tre comes to ! e>?4 ,page #abc ,_! velocity has be5 less5$ by ! resi/+ air1 & ! excessive heat dim9i%$4 ,/ill1 if f\nd soon aft] _! desc5t1 !y are too hot to be h&l$4 ,^! are call$ a]olites or air-/ones4 ,!re 0 a fall 9 ,i[a1 9 ,febru>y1 #ahge1 f :i* fragm5ts am\nt+ to five hundr$ p\nds weight 7 secur$4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ,decemb] #ba/1 #ahgf1 a meteor ( unusual size & brilliancy pass$ ov] ! /ates ( ,kansas1 ,miss\ri1 ,ill9ois1 ,indiana1 & ,ohio4 ,x 0 fir/ se5 9 ! we/]n "p ( ,kansas1 at an altitude ( ab\t sixty miles4 ,9 cross+ ! ,/ate ( ,miss\ri x began to explode1 & ?is break+ up cont9u$ :ile pass+ ,ill9ois1 ,indiana1 & ,ohio1 till x consi/$ ( a l>ge flock ( brilliant balls *as+ ea* o!r across ! sky1 ! numb] be+ v>i\sly e/imat$ at f tw5ty to "o hundr$4 ,x 0 accompani$ by t]rific explosions1 & 0 se5 along a pa? ( n less ?an a ?\s& miles4 ,:5 fir/ se5 9 ,kansas1 x is said to h appe>$ z l>ge z ! full moon1 & ) a tra9 f tw5ty-five to "o hundr$ feet long4 ,ano!r1 v simil> 9 appe>ance & behavior1 pass$ ov] a "p ( ! same c\rse 9 ,febru>y1 #ahgi4 ,at ,laigle1 ,france1 on ,april #bf?1 #ahjc1 ab\t "o o'clock 9 ! day1 f two to ?ree ?\s& fell4 ,! l>ge/ did n exce$ sev5te5 p\nds weight4 ,"o fell 9 ,we/on1 ,connecticut1 9 #ahjg1 weigh+ two hundr$ p\nds4 ,a v de/ructive %[] is m5tion$ 9 ! book ( ,jo%ua1 *ap4 x4 v]4 #aa4 ,^! bodies are n ev5ly di/ribut$ ?r\gh space4 ,9 "s places !y are ga!r$ into sy/ems :i* circle r\nd ! sun 9 orbits z c]ta9 z ^? ( ! ,page #abd planets4 ,! *a9 ( a/]oids is an illu/ration ( meteoric bodies on a l>ge scale4 ,!y are hundr$s 9 numb]--meteors are millions4 ,!y h _! region ( travel1 & ! sun holds !m & ! giant ,jupit] by ! same p[]4 ,! ,p[] t c>es = a _w c>es = a sp>r[4 ,if _! orbit s lies t a planet passes ?r\gh x1 & ! planet & ! meteors are at ! po9t ( int]section at ! same "t1 !re mu/ be collisions1 & ! lightn+ signs ( ext9ction proportion$ to ! numb] ( little bodies 9 a giv5 space4 ,x is demon/rat$ t ! e>? enc\nt]s m ?an "o hundr$ su* sy/ems ( meteoric bodies 9 a s+le ye>4 ,x passes ?r\gh "o on ! #aj? ( ,augu/1 ano!r on ! #aa? ( ,novemb]4 ,9 a c]ta9 "p ( ! fir/ !re is an agglom]ation ( bodies suffici5t to become visible z x approa*es ! sun1 & ?is is kn[n z ! comet ( #ahfb2 9 ! second is a simil> agglom]ation1 kn[n z ,temple's comet4 ,x is repeat+ ! same ?+ to say t meteoroids foll[ 9 ! tra9 ( ! comets4 ,! probable orbit ( ! ,novemb] meteors & ! comet ( #ahff is an exce$+ly elongat$ ellipse1 embrac+ ! orbit ( ! e>? at "o end & a portion ( ! orbit ( ,uranus at ! o!r 7,fig4 #ea74 ,t ( ! ,augu/ meteors & ! comet ( #ahfb embraces ! orbit ( ! e>? at "o end1 & ?irty p] c5t4 ( ! o!r end is beyond ! orbit ( ,neptune4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4--,orbit ( ! ,novemb] ,meteors & ! ,comet or #ahff4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahdf1 ,biela's comet 0 obs]v$ to be divid$4 ,at its next return1 9 #aheb1 ! p>ts 7 #a1ejj1jjj miles ap>t4 ,!y c\ld n be f\nd on _! p]iodic returns 9 #ahei1 #ahfe1 & #ahgb2 b x ,page #abe %\ld h cross$ ! e>?'s orbit e>ly 9 ,septemb]1 #ahgb4 ,! e>? itself w\ld arrive at ! po9t ( cross+ two or ?ree mon?s lat]4 ,if ! law ( revolution held1 we might /ill expect to f9d "s ( ! trail+ meteoroids ( ! comet n gone by on our arrival4 ,x 0 %[n t ! po9t ( ! e>? t w\ld /rike !m w\ld be t[>d a c]ta9 place 9 ! con/ellation ( ,&rom$a1 if ! rema9s ( ! dilut$ comet 7 /ill !re4 ,! pr$iction 0 v]ifi$ 9 e respect4 ,at ! appo9t$ "t1 place1 ,page #abf & direction1 ! /ream+ lights 7 9 our sky4 ,t ^! little bodies belong$ to ! orig9al comet none c d\bt4 ,by ! p]turbations ( planet>y attraction1 or by diff]5t orig9al velocities1 a comet may be l5g!n$ into an invisible /ream1 or an invisible /ream agglom]at$ till x is visible z a comet4 ,comets4 ,comets w be mo/ easily und]/ood by ! =ego+ consid]ations4 ,!y are (t5 treat$ z if !y 7 no "p ( ! sol> sy/em2 b !y are "u ! control ( ! same laws1 & owe _! exi/5ce1 motion1 & cont9uance to ! same causes z ,jupit] & ! re/ ( ! planets4 ,!y are really planets ( wid] w&]+1 great] ellipticity1 & less d5sity4 ,!y h p]iodic times less ?an ! e>?1 & fifty times z great z ,neptune4 ,!y are little cl\ds ( gas or meteoric matt]1 or bo?1 d>t+ into ! sol> sy/em f e side1 at e angle ) ! plane ( ! ecliptic1 becom+ lum9\s ) reflect$ light1 pass+ ! sun1 & return+ aga9 to out] d>kness4 ,sometimes !y h no tail1 hav+ a nucleus surr\nd$ by nebulosity l a dim sun ) zodiacal light2 sometimes "o tail1 sometimes half a doz54 ,^! foll[ ! comet to p]ihelion1 & prec$e x aft]w>d 7,fig4 #eb74 ,! orbits ( "s comets are enorm\sly elongat$2 "o end may lie inside ! e>?'s orbit1 & ! o!r end be z f> beyond ,neptune z t is f ! sun4 ,( c\rse only a small "p ( su* a curve c be /udi$ by u3 ! comet is visible only :5 ne> ! sun4 ,! same curve ar\nd ! sun may be an orbit t w br+ x back aga91 ,page #abg or "o t w c>ry x (f into inf9ite space1 nev] to return4 ,"o rate ( spe$ on ! curve indicates an elliptical orbit t returns2 a great] rate ( spe$ indicates t x w take a p>abolic orbit1 :i* nev] returns4 ,! exact rate ( spe$ is exce$+ly difficult to det]m9e2 h5ce x _c be confid5tly ass]t$ t any comet ev] visible w n return4 ,!y may all belong to ! sol> sy/em2 b "s w c]ta9ly be gone ?\s&s ( ye>s be=e _! fi]y =ms w greet ! wat*ful eyes ( dwell]s on ! e>?4 ,a comet t has an elliptic orbit may h x *ang$ to ,page #abh p>abolic by ! accel]ations ( its spe$1 by attract+ planets2 or a p>abolic comet may become elliptic1 & s p]man5tly attract$ to ! sy/em by ! ret>dations ( attract+ bodies4 ,a comet ( long p]iod may be *ang$ to "o ( %ort p]iod by su* attraction1 or vice v]sa4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4--;,aspects ( ,rem>kable ,comets4 ,! numb] ( comets1 l t ( meteor /reams1 is exce$+ly l>ge4 ,five hundr$ h be5 visible to ! nak$ eye s9ce ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,two hundr$ h be5 se5 by telescopes inv5t$ s9ce _! inv5tion4 ,"s au?orities e/imate ! numb] belong+ to our sol> sy/em by millions2 ,pr(essor ,peirce says m ?an five ?\s& millions4 ,fam\s ,comets4 ,! comet ( #afhj is p]haps ! "o t appe>$ 9 ,a4,d4 #dd1 soon aft] ! dea? ( ,julius ,cs>1 also 9 ! reign ( ,ju/9ian1 ,a4,d4 #eca1 & 9 #aajf4 ,?is is n det]m9$ by any recognizable resemblance4 ,x _h a tail #gj long2 x 0 n all aris5 :5 its head rea*$ ! m]idian4 ,x is possible1 f ! %ape ( its orbit1 t x has a p]iodic "t ( n9e ?\s& ye>s1 or t x may h a p>abolic orbit1 & nev] return4 ,obs]vations tak5 two hundr$ ye>s ago h n ! exactness necess>y to det]m9e s delicate a po9t4 ,on ,augu/ #ai?1 #afhb1 ,halley discov]$ a comet :i* he soon decl>$ to be "o se5 by ,kepl] 9 #afjg4 ,look+ back /ill f>!r1 he f\nd t a comet 0 se5 9 #aeca hav+ ! same orbit4 ,/ill f>!r1 by ! same exact p]iod ( sev5ty-five ye>s1 he f\nd t x 0 ! same comet t _h di/urb$ ,page #abi ! equanimity ( ,pope ,calixtus 9 #adef4 ,calculations 7 und]tak5 z to ! result ( all ! accel]ations & ret>dations by ! attractions ( all ! planets = ! next sev5ty-five ye>s4 ,!re 0 n "t to f9i% all ! "w2 b a ret>dation ( six hundr$ & eighte5 days 0 det]m9$1 ) a possible error ( ?irty days4 ,! comet actually came to "t )9 ?irty-?ree days1 on ,m>* #ab?1 #agei4 ,aga9 its return 0 calculat$ ) m labori\s c>e4 ,x came to "t & pass$ ! sun )9 ?ree days ( ! pr$ict$ "t1 on ! #af? ( ,novemb]1 #ahce4 ,x pass$ f sight ( ! mo/ p[]ful telescopes ! foll[+ ,may1 & has nev] s9ce be5 se5 by human eye4 ,b ! eye ( sci5ce sees x z hav+ pass$ its aphelion beyond ! orbit ( ,neptune 9 #ahgc1 & is already ha/5+ back to ! w>m? & light ( ! sun4 ,x w be look$ = 9 #aiaa2 & !re is good hope ( pr$ict+1 long be=e x is se51 ! "t ( its p]ihelion )9 a day4 ,biela's lo/ ,comet4--,?is 0 a comet ) a p]iodic "t ( six ye>s & eight mon?s4 ,x 0 obs]v$ 9 ,janu>y1 #ahdf1 to h sep>at$ into two p>ts ( unequal brightness4 ,! less] "p grew = a mon? until x equall$ ! o!r1 !n became small] & disappe>$1 :ile ! o!r 0 visible a mon? long]4 ,at disappe>ance ! p>ts 7 #bjj1jjj miles asund]4 ,on its next return1 9 #aheb1 ! p>ts 7 #a1ejj1jjj miles ap>t2 sometimes "o 0 bright] & sometimes ! o!r2 :i* 0 ! fragm5t & :i* 0 ! ma9 body c\ld n be recogniz$4 ,!y vani%$ 9 ,septemb]1 #aheb1 & h nev] be5 se5 s9ce4 ,?ree revolutions h be5 made s9ce t "t1 b no ,page #acj trace ( x c\ld be discov]$4 ,probably ! same influ5ce t sep>at$ x into p>ts1 sep>at$ ! p>ticles till too ?9 & t5u\s to be se54 ,!re is gr\nd = believ+ t ! e>? pass$ ?r\gh a "p ( x1 z be=e /at$ "u ! head ( meteors4 ,! ,great ,comet ( #ahdc pass$ ne>] ! sun ?an any kn[n body4 ,x almo/ graz$ ! sun4 ,if x ev] returns1 x w be 9 ,a4,d4 #bcgc4 ,donati's ,comet ( #aheh4--,?is 0 "o ( ! mo/ magnific5t ( mod]n times4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ?ree mon?s x %[$ no tail1 b f ,augu/ to ,octob] x _h develop$ "o =ty degrees 9 l5g?4 ,its p]iod is ab\t two ?\s& ye>s4 ,e read] rememb]s ! comet ( ! summ] ( #ahge4 ,encke's ,comet4--,?is comet has become fam\s = its suppos$ confirmation ( ! !ory t space 0 fill$ ) a sub/ance inf9itely t5u\s1 :i* resi/$ ! passage ( ?is gase\s body 9 an appreciable degree1 & 9 long ages w\ld s ret>d ! motion ( all ! planets t gravitation w\ld draw !m all "o by "o into ! sun4 ,we mu/ n be misl$ by ! t]m ret>dation to suppose x means beh9d "t1 = a ret>d$ body is be=e "t4 ,if its velocity is dim9i%$1 ! attraction ( ! sun causes x to take a small] orbit1 & small] orbits mean increas$ spe$--h5ce ! suppos$ ret>dation w\ld %ort5 its p]iodic "t4 ,?is comet 0 ?\ght to be ret>d$ two & a half h\rs at ea* revolution4 ,if x 01 x w\ld n prove ! exi/5ce ( ! resi/+ m$ium4 ,o!r causes1 unkn[n to u1 might acc\nt = x4 ,subsequ5t & m exact calculations fail to f9d any ret>dations 9 at lea/ two revolutions betwe5 #ahfe & ,page #aca #ahga4 ,indications po9t to a ret>dation ( "o & a half h\rs bo? be=e & s9ce4 ,b su* discrepancy ( result proves no?+ conc]n+ a resi/+ m$ium1 b r is an argum5t aga9/ its exi/5ce4 ,besides1 ,faye's comet1 9 f\r revolutions ( sev5 ye>s ea*1 %[s no sign ( ret>dation4 ,! tru? may be ?is1 t a k9d ( atmosph]e exi/s ar\nd ! sun1 p]haps reveal$ by ! zodiacal light1 t rea*es beyond :]e ,encke's comet dips inside ! orbit ( ,m]cury1 & ?us ret>ds ?is body1 b does n rea* beyond ! orbit ( ,m>s1 :]e ,faye's comet :eels & )draws4 ,( :at d ,comets consi/8 ,! unsolv$ problems p]ta9+ to comets are v num]\s & exce$+ly delicate4 ,:5ce come !y8 ,:y did !y n contract to c5tres ( nebul8 ,are !re regions :]e attractions are balanc$1 & matt] is left to contract on itself1 till ! movem5ts ( suns & planets adds or dim9i%es attractive =ce on "o side1 & s all[s !m to be drawn sl[ly t[>d "o planet1 & its sun1 or ano!r8 ,!re is gr\nd = ?9k+ t ! comet ( #ahff & its tra9 ( meteors1 visible to u 9 ,novemb]1 0 ?us drawn into our sy/em by ! planet ,uranus4 ,inde$1 ,lev]ri] has conjecturally fix$ ^u ! date ( ,a4,d4 #abh z ! "t :5 x occurr$2 b ano!r & clos] obs]vation ( its next return1 9 #ahii1 w be ne$$ to give confirmation to ! op9ion4 ,our sun's au?ority ext5ds at lea/ half-way to ! ne>e/ fix$ />1 "o hundr$ ?\s& times f>!r ?an ! orbit ( ! e>?4 ,meteoric & comet>y matt] ly+ ,page #acb !re1 9 a sph]ical %ell ab\t ! sol> sy/em1 balanc$ betwe5 ! attraction ( diff]5t suns1 f9ally feels ! p[] t det]m9es its de/9y t[>d our sun4 ,x w\ld take #afg1jjj1jjj ye>s to come !nce to our sy/em4 ,! conditions ( matt] ) :i* we are acqua9t$ d n cov] all ! gr\nd pres5t$ by ^! my/]i\s visitors4 ,we "k a gas sixte5 times z light z air1 b hydrog5 is va/ly too heavy & d5se2 = we see ! fa9te/ /> ?r\gh ?\s&s ( miles ( comet>y matt]2 we "k t wat] may become cl\dy vapor1 b a little ( x obscures ! vision4 ,into :at m e!real1 & we might almo/ say spiritual1 =ms matt] may be *ang$ we _c tell4 ,b if we conceive comets to be only gas1 x w\ld exp& indef9itely 9 ! realms ( space1 :]e !re is no =ce ( compression b its own4 ,we might say t comets are compos$ ( small sep>ate masses ( matt]1 hundr$s ( miles ap>t2 &1 look+ ?r\gh ?\s&s ( miles ( !m1 we see light en\gh reflect$ f !m all to seem cont9u\s4 ,d\btless t is sometimes ! case4 ,b ! spectroscope %[s ano!r /ate ( ?+s3 x reveals 9 "s ( ^! comets an inc&esc5t gas--usually "s ( ! comb9ations ( c>bon4 ,! conclusion1 !n1 naturally is t !re are bo? gas & small masses ( matt]1 ea* ) an orbit ( its own ne>ly p>allel to ^? ( all ! o!rs1 & t !y af=d "s attraction to hold ! mass ( int]m+l$ & conflu5t gas toge!r4 ,our be/ judgm5t1 !n1 is t ! nucleus is compos$ ( sep>ate bodies1 or matt] 9 a liquid condition1 capable ( be+ vaporiz$ by ! heat ( ! sun1 & driv5 (f1 ,page #acc z /eam f a locomotive1 into a tail4 ,indications ( ?is are f\nd 9 ! fact t tails gr[ small] at successive returns1 z ! matt] capable ( su* vaporization becomes cond5s$4 ,9 "s in/ances1 z 9 t ( ! comet ( #ahdc1 ! head 0 dim9i%$ by ! manufacture ( a tail4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,pr(essor ,peirce %[$ t ! nucleus ( ! comets ( #afhj1 #ahdc1 & #aheh mu/ h _h a t5acity equal to /eel1 to prev5t be+ pull$ ap>t by ! tidal =ces caus$ by its t]rible p]ihelion sweep ar\nd ! sun4 ,x is likely t !re are great v>ieties ( condition 9 diff]5t comets1 & 9 ! same comet at times4 ,we see !m b a few days out ( ! possible millions ( _! p]iodic "t2 we see !m only close to ! sun1 "u ! spur ( its trem5d\s attraction & t]rible heat4 ,?is gives u ample k ( ! pa? ( _! orbit & "t ( _! revolution1 b little gr\nd = judgm5t ( _! condition1 :5 !y sl[ly r\nd ! utt]mo/ cape ( _! f>-voyag+1 9 ! t]rible cold & d>kness1 to comm5ce _! homew>d flight4 ,! unsolv$ problems are n all 9 ! di/ant sun & m di/ant />s1 b "o ( !m is c>ri$ by u1 sometimes ne>1 sometimes f> (f2 b our acqua9tance ) ! possible =ms & conditions ( matt] is too limit$ to enable u to ma/] ! difficulties4 ,w ,comets /rike ! ,e>?8 ,v likely1 s9ce "o or two h done s )9 a rec5t p]iod4 ,:at w be ! effect8 ,t dep5ds on circum/ances4 ,!re is good reason to suppose we pass$ ?r\gh ! tail ( a comet 9 #ahfa1 & ! only ,page #acd obs]vable effect 0 a peculi> phosphoresc5t mi/4 ,if ! comet 7 compos$ ( small meteoric masses a brilliant %[] w\ld be ! result4 ,b if we fairly enc\nt]$ a nucleus ( any consid]able mass & solidity1 ! result w\ld be f> m s]i\s4 ,! mass ( ,donati's comet has be5 e/imat$ by ,m4 ,faye to be #a_/bjjjj ( t ( ! e>?4 ,if ?is am\nt ( matt] 7 d5se z wat]1 x w\ld make a globe five hundr$ miles 9 diamet]2 & if z d5se z ,pr(essor ,peirce prov$ ! nucleus ( ?is comet to be1 its impact ) ! e>? w\ld develop heat en\gh to melt & vaporize ! h>de/ rocks4 ,happily !re is little fe> ( ?is3 z ,pr(essor ,newcomb says1 ,s small is ! e>? 9 comp>ison ) cele/ial space1 t if "o 7 to %ut 8 eyes & fire at r&om 9 ! air1 ! *ance ( br++ d[n a bird w\ld be bett] ?an t ( a comet ( any k9d /rik+ ! e>?4 ,besides1 we are n liv+ "u a gov]nm5t ( *ance1 b "u t ( an ,almighty ,fa!r1 :o upholde? all ?+s by ! ^w ( 8 p[]2 & no _w c come to ru9 till he sees t x is be/4 ,page #ace ,,viii4 ,,! ,,planets ,,z ,,individuals4 ,?r\gh fai? we und]/& t ! worlds plural 7 fram$ by ! ^w ( ,god1 s t ?+s :i* 7 se5 7 n made ( ?+s :i* d appe>4--,heb4 xi4 #c4 ,page #acf ,o ri* & v>i\s man6 ,?\ palace ( sight & s\nd1 c>ry+ 9 ?y s5ses ! morn+1 & ! night1 & ! unfa?omable galaxy2 9 ?y bra9 ! geometry ( ! city ( ,god2 9 ?y he>t ! p[] ( love1 & ! realms ( "r & wrong4 ,an individual man is a fruit :i* x co/s all ! =ego+ ages to =m & rip54 ,he is /rong1 n to d b to live2 n 9 8 arms1 b 9 8 he>t2 n z an ag5t1 b z a fact4--,,em]son4 ,page #acg ,,vii4 ,,! ,,planets ,,z ,,individuals4 ,h[ _m bodies !re may be revolv+ ab\t ! sun we h no means to det]m9e or ari?metic to express4 ,:5 ! new /> ( ! ,am]ican ,republic appe>$1 !re 7 b six planets discov]$4 ,s9ce !n ?ree regions ( ! sol> sy/em h be5 explor$ ) wond]ful success4 ,! outly+ realms beyond ,saturn yield$ ! planet ,uranus 9 #agha1 & ,neptune 9 #ahdf4 ,! middle region betwe5 ,jupit] & ,m>s yield$ ! little planetoid ,c]es 9 #ahja1 ,pallas 9 #ahjb1 & "o hundr$ & n9ety o!rs s9ce4 ,! inn] region betwe5 ,m]cury & ! sun is ( necessity full ( small meteoric bodies2 ! "q is1 are !re any bodies l>ge en\gh to be se58 ,! same great g5ius ( ,lev]ri] t gave u ,neptune f ! obs]v$ p]turbations ( ,uranus1 po9t$ out p]turbations 9 ,m]cury t necessitat$ ei!r a planet or a gr\p ( planetoids betwe5 ,m]cury & ! sun4 ,!oretical a/ronom]s1 aid$ by ! fact t no planet _h c]ta9ly be5 se51 & t all ass]t$ discov]ies ( "o _h be5 by inexp]i5c$ obs]v]s1 incl9$ to ! belief 9 a gr\p1 or t ! di/urbance 0 caus$ by ! matt] reflect+ ! zodiacal light4 ,:5 ! total eclipse ( ! sun occurr$ 9 #ahgh1 ,page #ach a/ronom]s 7 det]m9$ t ! "q ( ! exi/5ce ( an intra-m]curial planet %\ld be settl$4 ,maps ( all ! />s 9 ! region ( ! sun 7 c>efully /udi$1 sections ( ! sky ab\t ! sun 7 assign$ to diff]5t obs]v]s1 :o %\ld att5d to no?+ b to look = a possible planet4 ,x is n[ conc$$ t ,pr(essor ,watson1 ( ,ann ,arbor1 actually saw ! s\ght-= body4 ,,vulcan4 ,! god ( fire2 its sign ,symbol1 8 hamm]4 ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,sun1 #ac1jjj1jjj ,,miles4 ,,orbital ,,revolution1 ,,ab\t #bj ,,days4 ,,m]cury4 ,! swift mess5g] ( ! gods2 sign ,symbol1 8 caduceus4 ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,sun1 #ce1gej1jjj ,,miles4 ,,diamet]1 #biib ,,miles4 ,,orbital ,,revolution1 #hg4ig ,,days4 ,,orbital ,,velocity1 #aggc ,,miles ,,p] ,,m9ute4 ,,axial ,,revolution1 #bd;,h4 #e,m4 ,m]cury %9es ) a :ite light ne>ly z bright z ,sirius2 is always ne> ! horizon4 ,:5 ne>ly betwe5 u & ! sun1 z at ,d 7,fig4 #df1 p4 #aac71 its illum9at$ side ne>ly opposite to u1 we1 look+ f ,e1 see only a ?9 cresc5t ( its light4 ,:5 x is at its greate/ angul> di/ance f ! sun1 z ,a or ,c1 we see x illum9at$ l ! half-moon4 ,:5 x is beyond ! sun1 z at ,e1 we see its :ole illum9at$ face l ! full-moon4 ,! v>iation ( its app>5t size f ! v>y+ di/ance is v /rik+4 ,at its extreme di/ance f ! e>? x subt5ds an angle ( only five seconds2 ne>e/ to u1 an angle ( twelve seconds4 ,its di/ance f ! e>? v>ies ne>ly z "o to ?ree1 & its app>5t size 9 ! inv]se ratio4 ,page #aci ,:5 ,m]cury comes betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun1 ne> ! l9e :]e ! planes ( _! orbits cut ea* o!r by reason ( _! incl9ation1 ! d>k body ( ,m]cury w be se5 on ! bright surface ( ! sun4 ,?is is call$ a transit4 ,if x goes across ! c5tre ( ! sun x may consume eight h\rs4 ,x goes #ajj1jjj miles an h\r1 & has #hfj1jjj miles ( disk to cross4 ,! transit ( #ahah occupi$ sev5 & a half h\rs4 ,! transits = ! rema9d] ( ! c5tury w occur3 ,novemb] #g? #ahha ,novemb] #aj? #ahid ,may #i? #ahia ,novemb] #d? #aija ,,v5us4 ,goddess ( beauty2 its sign ,symbol1 a mirror4 ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,sun1 #ff1gej1jjj ,,miles4 ,,diamet]1 #gffj ,,miles4 ,,orbital ,,velocity1 #abif ,,miles ,,p] ,,m9ute4 ,,axial ,,revolution1 #bc;,h4 #ba,m4 ,,orbital ,,revolution1 #bbd4g ,,days4 ,?is brilliant planet is (t5 visible 9 ! daytime4 ,i 0 once delight$ by see+ ,v5us look+ d[n1 a little aft] mid-day ?r\gh ! op5 space 9 ! dome ( ! ,pan!on at ,rome4 ,x has nev] s9ce seem$ to me z if ! home ( all ! gods 0 des]t$4 ,phoebus1 ,diana1 ,v5us & ! re/1 ?rong$ ?r\gh t op5 upp] door at noon ( night or day4 ,arago relates t ,bonap>te1 ^u repair+ to ,luxemburg :5 ! ,directory 0 ab\t to give him a fte1 0 mu* surpris$ at see+ ! multitude pay+ m att5tion to ! heav5s above ! palace ?an to him or 8 brilliant /aff4 ,^u inquiry1 he le>n$ t ^! curi\s p]sons 7 obs]v+ ) a/oni%m5t a /> :i* !y suppos$ to be t ( ! conqu]or ( ,italy4 ,! emp]or himself 0 n indiff]5t :5 ,page #adj 8 pi]c+ eye caught ! cle> lu/re ( ,v5us smil+ ^u him at mid-day4 ,?is unusual brightness occurs :5 ,v5us is ab\t five weeks be=e or aft] h] inf]ior conjunction1 & also ne>e/ ov]head by be+ nor? ( ! sun4 ,?is la/ circum/ance occurs once 9 eight ye>s1 & came on ,febru>y #af?1 #ahgh4 ,v5us may be z ne> ! e>? z #bb1jjj1jjj miles1 & z f> away z #afj1jjj1jjj4 ,?is v>iation ( its di/ances f ! e>? is obvi\sly mu* great] ?an t ( ,m]cury1 & its consequ5t app>5t size mu* m *angeable4 ,its greate/ & lea/ app>5t sizes are z t5 & sixty-five 7,fig4 #ec74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4--,phases ( ,v5us1 & ,v>ions ,app>5t ,dim5sions4 ,:5 ,cop]nicus ann\nc$ ! true !ory ( ! sol> sy/em1 he said t if ! inf]ior planets c\ld be cle>ly se5 !y w\ld %[ phases l ! moon4 ,:5 ,galileo turn$ ! little telescope he _h made on ,v5us1 he confirm$ ! prophecy ( ,cop]nicus4 ,desir+ to take "t = m ext5d$ obs]vation1 & /ill be able to ass]t ! priority ( 8 discov]y1 he publi%$ ! foll[+ anagram1 9 :i* 8 discov]y 0 conta9$3 ,page #ada ,hc immatura a me jam fru/ra leguntur o4 y4 7,^! unripe ?+s are n[ va9ly ga!r$ by me47 ,he fir/ saw ,v5us z gibb\s2 a few mon?s reveal$ x z cresc5t1 & !n he transpos$ 8 anagram into3 ,cyn?i figuras mulatur mat] amorum4 7,! "m ( loves imitates ! phases ( ,cyn?ia47 ,_m ?+s t 7 once suppos$ to be kn[n conc]n+ ,v5us are n confirm$ by lat] & bett] obs]vations4 ,v5us is surr\nd$ by an atmosph]e s d5se ) cl\ds t x is conc$$ t h] "t ( rotation & ! incl9ation ( h] axis _c be det]m9$4 ,%e reveal$ "o ( ! gr&e/ secrets ( ! univ]se to ! fir/ seek]2 %[$ h] highe/ beauty to h] fir/ ard5t lov]1 & has veil$ h]self f ! pry+ eyes ( lat] com]s4 ,flor5ce has built a k9d ( %r9e = ! telescope ( ,galileo4 ,by x he discov]$ ! phases ( ,v5us1 ! spots on ! sun1 ! m\nta9s ( ! moon1 ! satellites ( ,jupit]1 & "s irregul>ities ( %ape 9 ,saturn1 caus$ by its r+s4 ,galileo subsequ5tly became bl9d1 b he _h us$ 8 eyes to ! be/ purpose ( any man 9 8 g5]ation4 ,,! ,,e>?4 ,its sign ,symbol4 ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,sun1 #ib1ejj1jjj ,,miles4 ,,diamet]1 ,,pol>1 #ghii ,,miles2 ,,equatorial1 #gibe-a_/b ,,miles4 ,,axial ,,revolution1 #bc;,h4 #ef,m4 #d4ji,s42 ,,orbital1 #cfe4hf4 ,,orbital ,,velocity ,,p] ,,m9ute1 #aaeb4h ,,miles4 ,let u lift ourselves up a ?\s& miles f ! e>?4 ,we see x z a ball hung ^u no?+ 9 empty space4 ,z ! drop ( fall+ wat] ga!rs itself ,page #adb into a sph]e by its own inh]5t attraction1 s ! e>? ga!rs itself into a ball4 ,notic+ closely1 we see =ms ( cont95ts outl9$ 9 bright relief1 & oceanic =ms 9 d>k] surfaces4 ,we see t its axis ( revolution is ne>ly p]p5dicul> to ! l9e ( light f ! sun4 ,"o-half is always d>k4 ,! sunrise greets a new ?\s& miles e h\r2 ! glories ( ,page #adc ! sunset foll[ ov] an equal space1 #ahj beh9d4 ,we are glad t ! d>kness nev] ov]takes ! morn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4--;,e>? & ,moon 9 ,space4 ,! ,aurora ,borealis4 ,:ile ea/ & we/ are gorge\s ) sunrise & sunset1 ! nor? is (t5 m glori\s ) its aurora borealis4 ,we rememb] t all worlds h weird & inexplicable app5dages4 ,!y are n limit$ to _! solid surfaces or _! circumambi5t air4 ,! sun has its fi]y flames1 corona1 zodiacal light1 & p]haps a f9] k9d ( atmosph]e ?an we "k4 ,! e>? is ,page #add n )\t its inexplicable surr\nd+s4 ,x has n only its gorge\s ea/]n sunrise1 its glori\s we/]n sunset1 high above its surface 9 ! cl\ds1 b x also has its m glori\s nor!rn dawn f> above its cl\ds & air4 ,! realm ( ?is royal spl5dor is z yet an unconqu]$ _w wait+ = its ,alex&]4 ,!re are c]ta9 obs]vable facts1 viz41 x prevails mo/ly ne> ! arctic circle r ?an ! pole2 x takes on v>i\s =ms--cl\d-l1 ar*$1 /raight2 x /reams l bann]s1 waves l curta9s 9 ! w9d1 is incon/ant2 is ei!r ! cause or result ( electric di/urbance2 x is (t5 f f\r hundr$ to six hundr$ miles above ! e>?1 :ile our air _c be ov] "o hundr$ miles4 ,x almo/ seems l a revelation to human eyes ( ^? va/1 *angeable1 panoramic pictures by :i* ! inhabitants ( heav5 are taught4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee4--,! ,aurora z ,wav+ ,curta9s4 ,inve/igation has discov]$ f> m my/]ies ?an x has expla9$4 ,x is possible t ! same cause t produces sun-spots produces aurora 9 all space1 visible 9 all worlds4 ,if s1 we %all see m abundant auroras at ! next maximum ( sun-spot1 betwe5 #ahhj-hd4 ,! ,delicate ,balance ( ,=ces4 ,a soap-bubble 9 ! w9d c\ld h>dly be m flexible 9 =m & s5sitive to influ5ce ?an is ! e>?4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,may #i?1 #ahgf1 ! e>?'s cru/ at ,p]u gave a few great ?robs upw>d1 by ! action ( expansive gases )94 ,! sea fl$1 & return$ 9 great waves z ! l& rose & fell4 ,!n ^! waves fl$ away ov] ! great mobile surface1 & 9 less ?an five h\rs !y _h cov]$ a space equal to half ( ,europe4 ,! waves ran out to ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 six ,page #ade ?\s& miles1 at ! rate ( five hundr$ miles an h\r1 & arriv$ !re ?irty feet high4 ,!y n only sp$ on 9 /raight radial l9es1 b1 hav+ run up ! coa/ to ,cali=nia1 7 deflect$ away into ! =m] s]ies ( waves1 mak+ ! mo/ complex undulations4 ,simil> beats ( ! great he>t ( ! e>? h s5t its pulses z widely & rapidly on previ\s occasions4 ,! figure ( ! e>?1 ev5 on ! ocean1 is irregul>1 9 consequ5ce ( ! great] prepond]ance ( l&--& h5ce great] d5sity--9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,^! irregul>ities are (t5 v p]plex+ 9 mak+ exact geodetic measurem5ts4 ,! t5d5cy ( matt] to fly f ! c5tre by reason ( revolution causes ! equatorial diamet] to be tw5ty-six1 miles long] ?an ! pol> "o4 ,by ?is =ce ! ,mississippi ,riv] is enabl$ to run up a hill ne>ly ?ree miles high at a v rapid rate4 ,its m\? is t di/ance f>!r f ! c5tre ( ! e>? ?an its s\rce1 :5 b = ?is rotation bo? po9ts w\ld be equally di/ant4 ,if ! wat] became m d5se1 or if ! _w 7 to revolve fa/]1 ! oceans w\ld ru% to ! equator1 bury+ ! talle/ m\nta9s & leav+ pol> regions b>e4 ,if ! wat] %\ld become light] 9 an inf9itesimal degree1 or ! _w rotate m sl[ly1 ! poles w\ld be subm]g$ & ! equator become an arid wa/e4 ,no balance1 turn+ to #a_/ajjj ( a gra91 is m delicate ?an ! poise ( =ces on ! _w4 ,laplace has giv5 u pro( t ! p]iod ( ! e>?'s axial rotation has n *ang$ #a_/ajj ( a second ( "t 9 two ?\s& ye>s4 ,page #adf ,tides4 ,b !re is an outside influ5ce t is con/antly act+ ^u ! e>?1 & to :i* x con/antly responds4 ,two hundr$ & =ty ?\s& miles f ! e>? is ! moon1 hav+ #a_/ha ! mass ( ! _w4 ,its attractive influ5ce on ! e>? causes ! movable & ne>] portions to hurry away f ! m /able & di/ant1 & heap !mselves up on t "p ( ! e>? ne>e/ ! moon4 ,gravitation is inv]sely z ! squ>e ( ! di/ance2 h5ce ! wat] on ! surface ( ! e>? is attract$ m ?an ! body ( ! e>?1 "s p>ts ( :i* are eight ?\s& miles f>!r (f2 h5ce ! wat] rises on ! side next ! moon4 ,b ! e>?1 z a :ole1 is ne>] ! moon ?an ! wat] on ! opposite side1 & be+ drawn m /rongly1 is tak5 away f ! wat]1 leav+ x heap$ up also on ! side opposite to ! moon4 ,a subsidi>y cause ( tides is f\nd 9 ! revolution ( ! e>? & moon ab\t _! common c5tre ( gravity4 ,revolution ab\t an axis ?r\gh ! c5tre ( a sph]e enl>ges ! equator by c5trifugal =ce4 ,revolution ab\t an axis t\*+ ! surface ( a flexible globe conv]ts x into an egg-%ap$ body1 ) ! long] axis p]p5dicul> to ! axis ( revolution4 ,9 ,fig4 #ef ! po9t ( revolution is se5 at ! c5tre ( gravity at ,g2 h5ce1 9 ! revolution ( e>? & moon z "o1 a /rong c5trifugal =ce is caus$ at ,d1 & a less "o at ,c4 ,?is gives great] height to ! tides ?an ! attraction ( ! moon alone c\ld produce4 ,page #adg ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4 ,if ! e>? _h no axial revolution1 ! attractive po9t :]e ! tide rises w\ld be c>ri$ ar\nd ! e>? once 9 tw5ty-sev5 days by ! moon's revolution ab\t ! e>?4 ,b s9ce ! e>? revolves on its axis1 x pres5ts a new section to ! moon's attraction e h\r4 ,if ! moon 7 /ation>y1 t w\ld br+ two high tides 9 exactly tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 b z ! moon goes =w>d1 we ne$ ne>ly tw5ty-five h\rs = two tides4 ,! attractive influ5ce ( ! sun also gives u a tide f\r-t5?s z great z t ( ! moon4 ,:5 ^! two influ5ces ( ! sun & moon comb9e1 z !y d1 9 conjunction--:5 bo? bodies are on "o side ( ! e>?2 or 9 opposition1 sun & moon be+ on opposite sides ( ! e>?--we h spr+ or increas$ tides4 ,:5 ! moon is 9 its fir/ or ?ird qu>t]1 i4 e41 :5 a l9e f ! moon to ! e>? makes a "r angle ) "o f ! sun to ! e>?1 ^! influ5ces antagonize "o ano!r1 & we h ! neap or l[ tides4 ,x is easy to see t if1 :5 ! moon 0 draw+ its usual tide1 ! sun drew f\r-t5?s ( ! wat] 9 a tide at "r angles ) x1 ! moon's tide mu/ be by s mu* l[]4 ,because ( ! in]tia ( ! wat] ,page #adh x does n yield in/antly to ! moon's influ5ce1 & ! cre/ ( ! tide is "s h\rs beh9d ! advanc+ moon4 ,! am\nt ( tide 9 v>i\s places is affect$ by almo/ innum]able influ5ces1 z di/ance ( moon at its apogee or p]igee2 its position nor?1 s\?1 or at ! equator2 di/ance ( e>? f sun at p]ihelion & aphelion2 ! position ( isl&s2 ! tr5d ( cont95ts1 etc4 ,all ea/]n %ores h f> great] tides ?an we/]n4 ,z ! e>? rolls to ! ea/ x leaves ! tide-cre/ "u ! moon to imp+e on ea/]n %ores1 h5ce ! tides ( f sev5ty-five to "o hundr$ feet 9 ! ,bay ( ,fundy4 ,lakes & mo/ seas are too small to h p]ceptible tides4 ,! spr+-tides 9 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea are only ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,?is con/ant ebb & fl[ ( ! great sea is a gr& provision = its purification4 ,ev5 ! w9d is s5t to ! sea to be cleans$4 ,! sea wa%es e %ore1 purifies e cove1 bay1 & riv] twice e tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,all putrescible matt] liable to bre$ a pe/il5ce is c>ri$ f> f %ore & sunk "u fa?oms ( ! nev]-/agnant sea4 ,! di/ant moon l5ds its mighty p[] to c>ry ! burd5s ( comm]ce4 ,%e takes all ! loads t c be float$ on h] fl[+ tides1 & *e]fully c>ries !m 9 opposite directions 9 successive j\rneys4 ,x mu/ be conc$$ t ! pr(\nde/ /udy has n ma/]$ ! :ole philosophy ( tides4 ,!re are c]ta9 facts :i* are app>5t1 b = an explanation ( _! true !ory su* m5 z ,laplace1 ,newton1 & ,airy h labor$ 9 va94 ,!re are pl5ty ( o!r worlds /ill to conqu]4 ,page #aej ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4--,lun> ,day4 ,page #aea ,,! ,,moon4 ,new moon1 ,symbol2 fir/ qu>t]1 ,symbol2 full moon1 ,symbol2 la/ qu>t]1 ,symbol4 ,,extreme ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,e>?1 #bei1fjj ,,miles2 ,,lea/1 #bba1jjj ,,miles2 ,,mean1 #bdj1jjj ,,miles4 ,,diamet]1 #bafd4f ,,miles #baec1 ,,locky]4 ,,revolution ,,ab\t ,,! ,,e>?1 #bi-a_/b ,,days4 ,,axial ,,revolution1 ,,same ,,"t4 ,:5 ! a/ronom] ,h]s*el 0 obs]v+ ! s\!rn sky f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ! mo/ clev] hoax 0 p]petrat$ t ev] 0 palm$ ^u a cr$ul\s public4 ,"s new & wond]ful in/rum5ts 7 c>efully describ$ z hav+ be5 us$ by t a/ronom]1 :]eby he 0 enabl$ to br+ ! moon s close t he c\ld see !reon trees1 h\ses1 animals1 & m5-l human be+s4 ,he c\ld ev5 disc]n _! movem5ts1 & ge/ures t indicat$ a peaceful race4 ,! ext5t ( ! hoax w be p]ceiv$ :5 x is /at$ t no telescope t we are n[ able to make reveals ! moon m cle>ly ?an x w\ld appe> to ! nak$ eye if x 0 "o hundr$ or "o hundr$ & fifty miles away4 ,! di/ance at :i* a man c be se5 by ! unaid$ eye v>ies accord+ to circum/ances ( position1 backgr\nd1 light1 & eye1 b x is mu* inside ( five miles4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ! moon is our ne>e/ neighbor1 a memb] ( our own family 9 fact1 x is a mo/ int]e/+ object ( /udy4 ,a glance at its famili> face reveals its unequal illum9ation4 ,all ages & races h se5 a man 9 ! moon4 ,all lov]s h sworn by its con/ancy1 & only "p ( !m h kept _! oa?s4 ,e tw5ty-n9e or ?irty days we see a silv] cresc5t 9 ! we/1 & are glad if x comes ov] ! "r %\ld]--s ,page #aeb mu* tribute does habit pay to sup]/ition4 ,! next night x is ?irte5 degrees f>!r ea/ f ! sun4 ,we note ! />s x occults1 or passes by1 & leaves beh9d z x broad5s its disk1 till x rises full-orb$ 9 ! ea/ :5 ! sun s9ks 9 ! we/4 ,x is easy to see t ! moon goes ar\nd ! e>? f we/ to ea/4 ,aft]w>d x rises lat] & small] ea* night1 till at l5g?1 lo/ f sight1 x rises ab\t ! same "t z ! sun1 & soon becomes ! welcome cresc5t new moon aga94 ,! same peculi>ities are always evid5t 9 ! visible face ( ! moon2 h5ce we "k t x always pres5ts ! same side to ! e>?4 ,obvi\sly x mu/ make j "o axial to "o orbital revolution4 ,hold any body be=e y at arm's-l5g?1 revolve x "o-qu>t] ar\nd y until exactly ov]head4 ,if x has n revolv$ on an axis betwe5 ! h&s1 ano!r qu>t] ( ! surface is visible2 b if 9 go+ up x is turn$ a qu>t] ov]1 by ! h&s hold+ x /eady1 ! same side is visible4 ,?ree causes enable u to see a little m ?an half ! moon's surface3 #a4 ,! spe$ ) :i* x trav]ses ! ellipse ( its orbit is v>iable4 ,x sometimes gets ahead ( u1 sometimes beh9d1 & we see f>!r ar\nd ! front or back "p4 #b4 ,! axis is a little incl9$ to ! plane ( its orbit1 & its orbit a little incl9$ to ours2 h5ce we see a little ov] its nor? pole1 & !n aga9 ov] ! s\? pole4 #c4 ,! e>? be+ l>g]1 its inhabitants see a little m ?an half-way ar\nd a small] body4 ,^! causes comb9$ enable u to see #egf_/ajjj ( ! moon's surface4 ,our eyes w nev] see ! o!r side ( ! moon4 ,if1 n[1 be+ solid1 h] axial revolution c\ld ,page #aec be increas$ en\gh to make "o m revolution 9 two or ?ree ye>s1 t diff]5ce betwe5 h] axial & orbital revolution w\ld give ! future inhabitants ( ! e>? a view ( ! entire circumf]5ce ( ! moon4 ,yet if ! moon 7 once 9 a fluid /ate1 or _h oceans on ! surface1 ! enorm\s tide caus$ by ! e>? w\ld produce friction en\gh1 z !y mov$ ov] ! surface1 to gradually ret>d ! axial revolution till ! two tidal elevations rema9$ fix$ t[>d & opposite ! e>?1 & !n ! axial & orbital revolutions w\ld correspond1 z at pres5t4 ,9 fact1 we c prove t ! =m ( ! moon is protub]ant t[>d ! e>?4 ,its c5tre ( gravity is ?irty-?ree miles beyond its c5tre ( magnitude1 :i* is ! same 9 effect z if a m\nta9 ( t enorm\s height rose on ! e>? side4 ,h5ce any fluid1 z wat] or air1 w\ld fl[ r\nd to ! o!r side4 ,! moon's day1 caus$ by ! sun's light1 is #bi-a_/b times z long z ours4 ,! sun %9es un9t]mitt+ly = fifte5 days1 rais+ a temp]ature z f]vid z boil+ wat]4 ,!n d>kness & frightful cold = ! same "t succe$1 except on t half :]e ! e>? acts z a moon4 ,! e>? pres5ts ! same phases--cresc5t1 full1 & gibb\s--to ! moon z ! moon does to u1 & = ! same causes4 ,"l ,rosse has be5 enabl$1 by 8 six-foot reflector1 to measure ! diff]5ce ( heat on ! moon "u ! full blaze ( its noonday & midnight4 ,he f9ds x to be no less ?an five hundr$ degrees4 ,p n enjoy+ extremes ( temp]ature %\ld %un a lun> resid5ce4 ,! moon gives u only #a_/fahjjjj z mu* light z ! sun4 ,a sky full ( moons w\ld sc>cely make daylight4 ,page #aed ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4--,view ( ! ,moon ne> ! ,?ird ,qu>t]4 ,f a ,photograph by ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,drap]4 ,!re are no indications ( air or wat] on ! moon4 ,:5 x occults a /> x in/antly %uts (f ! light & z in/antly reveals x aga94 ,an atmosph]e w\ld gradually dim9i% & reveal ! light1 & by refraction ,page #aee cause ! /> to be hidd5 9 mu* less "t ?an ! solid body ( ! moon w\ld ne$ to pass ov] x4 ,if ! moon ev] _h air & wat]1 z x probably did1 !y are n[ absorb$ 9 ! por\s lava ( its sub/ance4 ,telescopic ,appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4--;,illum9ation ( ,crat]s & ,peaks4 ,probably no "o ev] saw ! moon by means ( a good telescope )\t a feel+ ( admiration & awe4 ,except at full-moon1 we c see :]e ! daylight /ruggles ) ! d>k along ! l9e ( ! moon's sunrise or sunset4 ,?is l9e is call$ ! t]m9ator4 ,x is brok5 9 ! extreme1 because ! surface is z r\gh z possible4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! small gravitation ( ! moon1 utt] abs5ce ( ! expansive p[] ( ice %iv]+ ! cliffs1 or ! levell+ p[] ( ra9s1 precipices c /& 9 p]p5dicul>ity1 m\nta9s %oot up l ne$les1 & cavities ?ree miles deep rema9 unfill$4 ,! light ( ! sun fall+ on ! r\gh body ( ! moon1 %[n 9 section 7,fig4 #ei71 illum9ates ! :ole cavity at a1 "p ( ! "o at b1 ca/s a long %ad[ f ! m\nta9 at c1 & t\*es ! tip ( ! "o at d1 :i* appe>s to a di/ant obs]v] z a po9t ( light beyond ! t]m9ator1 ,z ! moon revolves ! conical cavity1 a is illum9at$ on ! =w>d side only2 ! light creeps d[n ! backw>d side ( cavity b to ! bottom2 m\nta9 c4 comes directly "u ! sun & ca/s no %ad[1 & m\nta9 d ca/s its long %ad[ ov] ! pla94 ,kn[+ ! "t ( revolution1 & obs]v+ ! *ange ( ,page #aef illum9ation1 we c easily measure ! height ( m\nta9 & dep? ( crat]4 ,an apple1 ) excavations & add$ prom95ces1 revolv$ on its axis t[>d ! light ( a c&le1 admirably illu/rates ! cresc5t light t fills ei!r side ( ! cavities & ! %ad[s ( ! m\nta9s on ! pla94 ,notice 9 ,fig4 #eh ! cresc5t =ms to ! "r1 %[+ cavities 9 abundance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fj4--,lun> ,crat] ,cop]nicus1 aft] ,sec*i4 ,! sel5ography ( "o side ( ! moon is mu* bett] kn[n to u ?an ! geography ( ! e>?4 ,our maps ( ! moon are f> m p]fect ?an ^? ( ! e>?2 & ! photographs ( lun> objects by ,messrs4 ,drap] & ,de la ,rue are wond]fully p]fect1 ,page #aeg & ! draw+s ( ,padre ,sec*i equally s 7,fig4 #fj74 ,! lea/ *ange recognizable f ! e>? mu/ be spe$ily detect$4 ,!re are frequ5tly reports ( discov]ies ( volcanoes on ! moon1 b !y prove to be illusions4 ,! moon w probably look ! same to obs]v]s a ?\s& ye>s h5ce z x does to-day4 ,?is little orb1 t is only #a_/ha ( ! mass ( ! e>?1 has tw5ty-eight m\nta9s t are high] ?an ,mont ,blanc1 t mon>* ( m\nta9s1 9 ,europe4 ,eclipses4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fa4--;,eclipses2 ,%ad[s ( ,e>? & ,moon4 ,x is evid5t t if ! plane ( ! moon's orbit 7 to correspond ) t ( ! e>?1 z !y all lie 9 ! plane ( ! page 7,fig4 #fa71 ! moon mu/ pass betwe5 ! c5tres ( ! e>? & sun1 & exactly beh9d ! e>? at e revolution4 ,su* successive & total d>k5+s w\ld greatly d]ange all affairs dep5d5t on light4 ,x is easily avoid$4 ,v5us does ,page #aeh n cross ! disk ( ! sun at e revolution1 because ( ! incl9ation ( ! plane ( its orbit to t ( ! e>? 7see ,fig4 #da1 p4 #ajg74 ,s ! plane ( ! orbit ( ! moon is incl9$ to ! orbit ( ! e>? #e #h' #ci2 h5ce ! full-moon is (t5 above or bel[ ! e>?'s %ad[1 & ! e>? is bel[ or above ! moon's %ad[ at new moon4 ,x is z if ! moon's orbit 7 pull$ up "o-qu>t] ( an in* f ! page beh9d ! e>?1 & depress$ z mu* bel[ x betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun4 ,! po9t :]e ! orbit ( ! moon p5etrates ! plane ( ! ecliptic is call$ a node4 ,if a new moon occur :5 ! l9e ( int]section ( ! planes ( orbits po9ts to ! sun1 ! sun mu/ be eclips$2 if ! full-moon occur1 ! moon mu/ be eclips$4 ,9 any o!r position ! sun or moon w only be p>tially hidd51 or no eclipse w occur4 ,if ! new moon be ne> ! e>? x w completely obscure ! sun4 ,a dime cov]s x if held close to ! eye4 ,x may be s f> f ! e>? z to only p>tially hide ! sun2 &1 if x cov] ! c5tre1 leave a r+ ( sunlight on e side4 ,?is is call$ an annul> eclipse4 ,two su* eclipses w occur ?is ye> 7#ahgi74 ,if ! full-moon passes ne> ! e>?1 or is at p]igee1 x f9ds ! cone ( %ad[ ca/ by ! e>? l>g]1 & h5ce ! eclipse is great]2 if x is f> f ! e>?1 or ne> apogee1 ! e>?'s %ad[ is small]1 & ! eclipse less1 or is escap$ altoge!r4 ,!re is a c]ta9 p]iodicity 9 eclipses4 ,:5ev] ! sun1 moon1 & e>? are 9 a l9e1 z 9 ! total eclipse ( ,july #bi?1 #ahgh1 !y w be 9 ! same position aft] ! e>? has made ab\t eighte5 revolutions1 ,page #aei & ! moon two hundr$ & sixte5--t is1 eighte5 ye>s aft]4 ,?is p]iod1 h[ev]1 is disreg>d$ by a/ronom]s1 & ea* eclipse calculat$ by itself to ! accuracy ( a second4 ,h[ t]rible is ! fe> ( ignorance & sup]/ition :5 ! sun or moon appe> to be 9 ! process ( de/ruction6 h[ delightful are ! joys ( k :5 its prophesies 9 reg>d to ! heav5ly bodies are be+ fulfill$6 ,,m>s4 ,! god or w>2 ,its sign ,symbol1 spe> & %ield4 ,,mean ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,sun1 #ada1jjj1jjj ,,miles4 ,,diamet]1 #dbaa ,,miles4 ,,revolution1 ,,axial1 #bd;,h4 #cg,m4 #bb4g,s42 ,,orbital1 #fhf4ih ,,days4 ,,velocity ,,p] ,,m9ute1 #hii ,,miles4 ,,satellites1 ,,two4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fb4--;,app>5t ,size ( ,m>s at ,mean & ,extreme ,di/ances4 ,at int]vals1 on an av]age ( two ye>s "o mon? & n9ete5 days1 we f9d ris+1 z ! sun goes d[n1 ! r$de/ /> 9 ! heav5s4 ,its brightness is exce$+ly v>iable2 sometimes x sc9tillates1 & sometimes x %9es ) a /eady light4 ,its m>k$ peculi>ities dem& a close /udy4 ,we f9d x to be ,m>s1 ! fi]y god ( w>4 ,its orbit is f> f circul>4 ,at p]ihelion x is #abh1jjj1jjj miles f ! sun1 & at aphelion #aed1jjj1jjj2 h5ce its mean di/ance is ab\t #ada1jjj1jjj4 ,s great a *ange 9 its di/ance f ! sun easily acc\nts = ! *ange 9 its brilliancy4 ,n[1 if ,m>s & ! e>? revolv$ 9 circul> orbits1 ! "o #ada1jjj1jjj miles f ! sun1 & ! o!r #ib1jjj1jjj1 !y w\ld approa* at conjunction )9 #di1jjj1jjj miles ( ea* o!r1 & at opposition be #bcc1jjj1jjj miles ap>t4 ,b ,m>s at p]ihelion may be only #abh1jjj1jjj miles f ! sun1 & e>? at ,page #afj aphelion may be #id1jjj1jjj miles f ! sun4 ,!y are1 !n1 b #cd1jjj1jjj miles ap>t4 ,?is favorable opportunity occurs ab\t once 9 sev5ty-n9e ye>s4 ,at its la/ occurr5ce1 9 #ahgg1 ,m>s introduc$ to u 8 two satellites1 t _h nev] be=e be5 se5 by man4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is greatly v>y+ di/ance1 ! app>5t size ( ,m>s diff]s v mu* 7,fig4 #fb74 ,take a favorable "t :5 ! planet is ne>1 also z ne> ov]head z x ev] comes1 s z to h z little atmosph]e z possible to p5etrate1 & /udy ! planet4 ,! fir/ ?+ t /rikes ! obs]v] is a dazzl+ spot ( :ite ne> ! pole :i* happ5s to be t[>d him1 or at bo? poles :5 ! planet is s situat$ t !y c be se54 ,:5 ! nor? pole is turn$ t[>d ! sun ! size ( ! spot s5sibly dim9i%es1 & ! spot at ! s\? pole enl>ges1 & vice v]sa4 ,cle>ly !y are ice-fields4 ,h5ce ,m>s has wat]1 & air to c>ry x1 & heat to melt ice4 ,x is w9t] at ! s\? pole :5 ,m>s is f>!/ f ! sun2 !re=e ! ice-fields are l>g] ?an at ! nor? pole4 ,x is summ] at ! s\? pole :5 ,m>s is ne>e/ ! sun4 ,h5ce its ice-fields gr[ small] ,page #afa ?an ^? ( ! nor? pole 9 its summ]4 ,?is c>ry+ ( wat] f pole to pole1 & melt+ ( ice ov] su* l>ge areas1 might give rise to uncom=table curr5ts 9 ocean & air2 b v likely an inhabitant ( e>? might be transport$ to ! surface ( ,m>s1 & be no m surpris$ at :at he obs]v$ !re ?an if he w5t to "s po9t ( ! e>? to him unkn[n4 ,day & night w\ld be ne>ly ( ! same l5g?2 w9t] w\ld l+] long] 9 ! lap ( spr+2 summ] w\ld be "o hundr$ & eighty-"o days long2 b z ! seas are m int]m+l$ ) ! l&1 & ! divisions ( l& h less ( cont95tal magnitude1 x may be conjectur$ t ,m>s might be a com=table place ( resid5ce to be+s l m54 ,p]haps ! greate/ surprise to ! e>?ly visitor w\ld be to f9d himself weigh+ only f\r-t5?s z mu* z usual1 able to leap twice z high1 & lift consid]able b[ld]s4 ,satellites ( ,m>s4 ,! night ( ,augu/ #aa?1 #ahgg1 is fam\s 9 mod]n a/ronomy4 ,m>s has be5 a special object ( /udy 9 all ages2 b on t ev5+ ,pr(essor ,hall1 ( ,wa%+ton1 discov]$ a satellite ( ,m>s4 ,on ! #af? x 0 se5 aga91 & its orbital motion foll[$4 ,on ! foll[+ night x 0 hidd5 beh9d ! body ( ! planet :5 ! obs]vation began1 b at ! calculat$ "t--at f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+--x em]g$1 & e/abli%$ its "* z a true moon1 & n a fix$ /> or a/]oid4 ,bless+s1 h[ev]1 nev] come s+ly1 = ano!r object soon em]g$ :i* prov$ to be an inn] satellite4 ,?is is extraord9>ily ne> ,page #afb ! planet--only f\r ?\s& miles f ! surface--& its revolution is exce$+ly rapid4 ,! %orte/ p]iod hi!rto kn[n is t ( ! inn] satellite ( ,saturn1 #bb;h4 #cgm4 ,! inn] satellite ( ,m>s makes its revolution 9 #g;h4 #cim4--a rapidity s mu* surpass+ ! axial revolution ( ! planet itself1 t x rises 9 ! we/ & sets 9 ! ea/1 %[+ all phases ( our moon 9 "o night4 ,! out] satellite is #ab1egi miles f ,m>s1 & makes its revolution 9 #cj;h4 #ahm4 ,its diamet] is six & a qu>t] miles2 t ( ! inn] "o is sev5 & a half miles4 ,?is c be e/imat$ only by ! am\nt ( light giv54 ,,a/]oids4 ,,already ,,discov]$ 7#ahgi71 #aib4 ,,di/ances ,,f ,,! ,,sun1 ,,f #bjj1jjj1jjj ,,to #cae1jjj1jjj ,,miles4 ,,diamet]s1 ,,f #bj ,,to #djj ,,miles4 ,,mass ,,( ,,all1 ,,less ,,?an ,,"o-,,qu>t] ,,( ,,! ,,e>?4 ,! s5se ( inf9ite v>iety among ! c\ntless numb] ( cele/ial orbs has be5 gr[+ rapidly ^u u = half a c5tury1 & d\btless w gr[ mu* m 9 half a c5tury to come4 ,j z we paus$ 9 ! consid]ation ( planets to consid] meteors & comets1 at fir/ ?\ght s diff]5t1 s mu/ we n[ pause to consid] a r+ ( bodies1 "s ( :i* are z small 9 comp>ison to ,jupit]1 ! next planet1 z a]olites are comp>$ to ! e>?4 ,9 #ahjj an association ( a/ronom]s1 suspect+ t a planet might be f\nd 9 ! great di/ance betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit]1 divid$ ! zodiac into tw5ty-f\r p>ts1 & assign$ "o "p to ea* a/ronom] = a ?or\gh se>*2 b1 be=e _! organization c\ld comm5ce "w1 ,piazzi1 an ,italian a/ronom] ( ,pal]mo1 ,page #afc f\nd 9 ,taurus a /> behav+ l a planet4 ,9 six weeks x 0 lo/ 9 ! rays ( ! sun4 ,x 0 r$iscov]$ on its em]g5ce1 & nam$ ,c]es4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahjb1 a second planet 0 discov]$ by ,olb]s 9 ! same gap betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit]1 & nam$ ,pallas4 ,"h 0 an emb>rassm5t ( ri*ness4 ,olb]s sugge/$ t an orig9al planet _h explod$1 & t m pieces c\ld be f\nd4 ,m 7 f\nd1 b ! !ory is explod$ into m pieces ?an a planet c\ld possibly be4 ,up to #ahgi "o hundr$ & n9ety-two h be5 discov]$1 ) a prospect ( m4 ,betwe5 #ahga-ge =ty-five 7 discov]$1 %[+ t !y are s\ght = ) great skill4 ,9 ! discov]y ( ^! bodies1 our ,am]ican a/ronom]s1 ,pr(essors ,watson & ,pet]s1 are )\t pe]s4 ,betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit] is a di/ance ( "s #cci1jjj1jjj miles4 ,subtract #ce1jjj1jjj miles next to ,m>s & #ej1jjj1jjj miles next to ,jupit]1 & !re is left a zone #bed1jjj1jjj miles wide outside ( :i* ! a/]oids nev] w&]4 ,if any ev] did1 ! attraction ( ,m>s or ,jupit] may h prev5t$ _! return4 ,s9ce ! orbits ( ,m>s & ,jupit] %[ no sign ( be+ affect$ by ^! bodies = a c5tury pa/1 x is probable t _! numb] is limit$1 or at lea/ t _! comb9$ mass does n approximate ! size ( a planet4 ,pr(essor ,newcomb e/imates t if all t are n[ discov]$ 7 put into "o planet1 x w\ld n be ov] f\r hundr$ miles 9 diamet]2 & if a ?\s& m %\ld exi/1 ( ! av]age size ( ^? discov]$ s9ce #ahej1 _! addition w\ld n increase ! diamet] to m ?an five hundr$ miles4 ,page #afd ,t all ^! bodies1 :i* diff] f ea* o!r 9 no respect except 9 brilliancy1 c be not$ & fix$ s z n to be mi/ak5 "o = ano!r1 & in/antly recogniz$ ?\gh n se5 = a doz5 ye>s1 is "o ( ! highe/ exemplifications ( ! accuracy ( a/ronomical obs]vation4 ,,jupit]4 ,! k+ ( ! gods2 sign ,symbol1 ! bird ( ,jove4 ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,sun1 ,,p]ihelion1 #deg1jjj1jjj ,,miles2 ,,aphelion1 #ejc1jjj1jjj ,,miles4 ,,diamet]1 ,,equatorial1 #hg1ejj ,,miles2 ,,pol>1 #hb1ejj ,,miles4 ,,volume1 #acjj ,,e>?s4 ,,mass1 #bac ,,e>?s4 ,,axial ,,revolution1 #i;,h4 #ee,m #bj,s4 ,,orbital ,,revolution1 #aa ,,ye>s #cag ,,days4 ,,velocity1 #dhc4f ,,miles ,,p] ,,m9ute4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fc4--;,jupit] z se5 by ! great ,wa%+ton ,telescope4 ,drawn by ,mr4 ,hold54 ,jupit] rightly we>s ! "n ( ! giant planet4 ,8 orbit is m ne>ly circul> ?an mo/ small] planets4 ,he c\ld n turn %ort corn]s ) facility4 ,we "k little ( 8 surface4 ,8 spots & belts are ,page #afe *angeable z cl\ds1 :i* !y probably are4 ,"s spots may be slightly self-lum9\s1 b n ! "p ( ! planet we see4 ,x is cov]$ ) an enorm\s dep? ( atmosph]e4 ,s9ce ! m>k+s 9 ! belts move ab\t "o hundr$ miles a day1 ! ,jovian tempe/s are probably n viol5t4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a s+ul> & unacc\ntable fact1 z rem>k$ by ,arago1 t its trade-w9ds move 9 an opposite direction f ours4 ,jupit] receives only "o tw5ty-sev5? z mu* light & heat f ! sun z ! e>? receives4 ,its light] d5sity1 be+ ab\t t ( wat]1 indicates t x /ill has int]nal heat ( its own4 ,inde$1 x is likely t ?is planet has n yet cool$ s z to h any solid cru/1 & if its d5se vapors c\ld be deposit$ on ! surface1 its appe>ance might be m sugge/ive ( ! sun ?an ( ! e>?4 ,satellites ( ,jupit]4 ,9 "o respect ,jupit] seems l a m9or sun--he is royally att5d$ by a gr\p ( planets3 we call !m moons4 ,?is sy/em is a favorite object ( /udy to ev]yone possess+ a telescope4 ,inde$1 ,i h kn[n a man :o c\ld see ^! moons ) ! nak$ eye1 & give _! v>i\s positions )\t mi/ake4 ,galileo fir/ reveal$ !m to ord9>y m54 ,we see _! orbits s ne>ly on ! edge t ! moons seem to be slid+ back & =? across & beh9d ! disk1 & to v>y+ di/ances on ei!r side4 ,fig4 #fd is ! repres5tation ( _! appe>ance at successive obs]vations 9 ,novemb]1 #ahgh4 ,_! motion is s swift1 & ! means ( comp>ison by "o ano!r & ! planet s excell5t1 t !y c be se5 to *ange _! places1 ,page #aff be occult$1 em]ge f %ad[1 & eclipse ! planet1 9 an h\r's wat*+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fd4--;a4 ,v>i\s ,positions ( ,jupit]'s ,moons2 b4 ,greate/ ,elongation ( ea* ,satellite4 ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,jupit]',s ,,satellites4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,mean ,di/ance f ,jupit]4 ,sid]eal ,p]iod4 ,diamet]4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,miles4 ,days ,hrs4 ,m94 ,miles4 ,i4 ,io #bfj1jjj #a #ah #bh #b1ceb ,,ii4 ,europa #dad1jjj #c #ac #dc #b1jii ,,iii4 ,ganym$e #ffa1jjj #g #c #ei #c1dcf ,,iv4 ,calli/o #a1afb1jjj #af #ah #e #b1ibi ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,x is se5 by ! above table t all ^! moons are l>g] ?an ours1 "o l>g] ?an ,m]cury1 & ! a/]oids are h>dly l>ge en\gh to make respectable moons = !m4 ,!y diff] 9 color3 ,i4 & ,,ii4 h a blui% t+e2 ,,iii4 a yell[2 & ,,iv4 is r$4 ,! am\nt ( light giv5 by ^! satellites v>ies 9 ! mo/ sudd5 & inexplicable mann]4 ,p]haps x may be ow+ to ! diff]5t di/ributions ( l& & wat] on !m4 ,! mass ( all ( !m is 4#jjjaga ( ,jupit]4 ,page #afg ,if ! ,jovian sy/em 7 ! only "o 9 exi/5ce1 x w\ld be a surpris+ object ( wond] & /udy4 ,a mon/] planet1 #he1jjj miles 9 diamet]1 hung on no?+1 revolv+ its equatorial surface =ty-five miles a m9ute1 hold+ f\r o!r worlds 9 /eady orbits1 "s ( !m at a spe$ ( sev5 hundr$ miles a m9ute1 & ! :ole sy/em c>ri$ ?r\gh space at five hundr$ miles a m9ute4 ,yet ! discov]y ( all ?is display ( p[]1 skill1 & /ability is only read+ ! easie/ syllables ( ! va/ lit]ature ( wisdom & p[]4 ,,saturn4 ,! god or "t2 sign ,symbol1 8 scy!4 ,,mean ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,sun1 #hha1jjj1jjj ,,miles4 ,,diamet]1 ,,pol>1 #ff1ejj ,,miles2 ,,equatorial1 #gc1cjj ,,miles4 ,,axial ,,revolution1 #aj;,h4 #ad,m4 ,,p]iodic ,,"t1 #bi,t ,,ye>s4 ,,moons1 ,,eight4 ,! human m9d has us$ ,saturn & ! two kn[n planets beyond = ! la/ #bjj ye>s z a gymnasium4 ,x has ex]cis$ itself 9 compreh5d+ _! enorm\s di/ances 9 ord] to cle> ^? great] spaces1 to :]e ! />s are set2 x has ex]cis$ its +5uity at int]pret+ appe>ances :i* signify some?+ o!r ?an !y seem1 9 ord] t x may no long] be delud$ by any sunrises into a belief t ! heav5ly dome goes r\nd ! e>?4 ,t a w&]+ po9t ( light %\ld develop into su* amaz+ gr&eurs "u ! telescope1 is z unexpect$ z t e t9y se$ %\ld %[ peculi> m>k+s & colors "u ! microscope4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fe4--,view ( ,saturn & 8 ,r+s4 ,!re are c]ta9 ?+s t are easy to det]m9e1 su* z size1 d5sity1 p]iodic "t1 velocity1 etc42 b o!r ?+s are exce$+ly difficult to det]m9e4 ,x requires long sight to read :5 ! book is held ,page #afh #hjj1jjj1jjj miles away4 ,only v few1 if m ?an two1 opportunities h be5 f\nd to det]m9e ! "t ( ,saturn's rotation4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ,decemb] #g?1 #ahgj1 ,pr(essor ,hall obs]v$ a brilliant :ite spot sudd5ly %[ itself on ! body ( ?is planet4 ,x 0 z if an eruption ( :ite hot matt] bur/ up f ! int]ior4 ,x spread ea/w>d1 & rema9$ bright till ,janu>y1 :5 x fad$4 ,no su* opportunity = gett+ a basis on :i* to f\nd a calculation ( ! "t ( ! rotation ( ,saturn has occurr$ s9ce ,sir ,william ,h]s*el's obs]vations2 &1 v s+ul>ly1 ! two times d$uc$ wond]fully co9cide--t ( ,h]s*el be+ #aj;h4 #afm41 t ( ,mr4 ,hall be+ #aj;h4 #adm4 ,page #afi ,! d5sity ( ,saturn is less ?an t ( wat]1 & its velocity ( rotation s great t c5trifugal =ce antagonizes gravitation to su* an ext5t t bodies weigh on x ab\t ! same z on ! e>?4 ,all ! f9e fancies ( ! habitability ( ?is vapor\s _w1 all ! calculations ( ! numb] ( p t c\ld live on ! squ>e miles ( ! planet & its enorm\s r+s1 are only fancy4 ,no?+ c\ld live !re ) m bra9s ?an a fi%1 at mo/4 ,x is a _w 9 =mative processes4 ,we _c he> ! voice ( ! ,creator !re1 b we c see matt] responsive to ! voice1 & m\ld$ by 8 ^w4 ,r+s ( ,saturn4 ,! eye & m9d ( man h work$ out a problem ( m>vell\s difficulty 9 f9d+ a true solution ( ! /range appe>ance ( ! r+s4 ,galileo has ! immortal honor ( fir/ hav+ se5 some?+ peculi> ab\t ?is planet4 ,he wrote to ! ,duke ( ,tuscany1 ,:5 ,i view ,saturn x seems tricorps4 ,! c5tral body seems ! l>ge/4 ,! two o!rs1 situat$1 ! "o on ! ea/1 & ! o!r on ! we/1 seem to t\* x4 ,!y are l two support]s1 :o help old ,saturn on 8 way1 & always rema9 at 8 side4 ,look+ a few ye>s lat]1 ! r+s hav+ turn$ f view1 he said1 ,x is possible t "s demon mock$ me2 & he refus$ to look any m4 ,huygh5s1 9 ,m>*1 #afee1 solv$ ! problem ( ! tri=m appe>ance ( ,saturn4 ,he saw !m z h&les on ! two sides4 ,9 a ye> !y _h disappe>$1 & ! planet 0 z r\nd z x seem$ to ,galileo 9 #afab4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 despair2 & 9 ,octob]1 ,page #agj #afef1 he 0 rew>d$ by see+ !m appe> aga94 ,he wrote ( ,saturn1 ,x is girdl$ by a ?9 pla9 r+1 n[h]e t\*+1 incl9$ to ! ecliptic4 ,s9ce t "t discov]ies h succe$$ "o ano!r rapidly4 ,we h se5 by degrees a r+ evolv$ out ( a tri=m planet1 & ! great division ( ! r+ & ! irregul>ities on x br\ght to light4 ,enceladus1 & coy ,mimas1 fa9te/ ( tw9kl]s1 are caught by ,h]s*el's giant mirrors4 ,& he1 too1 fir/ ( m51 realizes ! wond]ful t5uity ( ! r+1 along :i* he saw ^? satellites travell+ l pe>ls /rung on a silv] ?read4 ,!n ,bond comes on ! field1 & furni%es evid5ce to %[ t we mu/ multiply ! numb] ( sep>ate r+s we "k n h[ _m fold4 ,& "h we rea* ! gold5 age ( ,saturnian discov]y1 :5 ,bond1 ) ! giant refractor ( ,cambridge1 & ,dawes1 ) 8 #f-a_/c-;in* ,muni* glass1 fir/ beheld t wond]ful d>k semi-transp>5t r+1 :i* /ill rema9s "o ( ! wond]s ( our sy/em4 ,b ! end is n yet3 on ! s\!rn surface ( ! r+1 ere summ] fades into autumn1 ,otto ,/ruve 9 turn comes ^u ! field1 detects1 z ,dawes _h previ\sly done1 a division ev5 9 ! d>k r+1 & measures x1 :ile x is invisible to ,lassell's mirror--a pro(1 if "o 7 ne$$1 ( ! enorm\s sup]iority possess$ by refractors 9 su* inquiries4 ,!n we approa* #ahfa1 :5 ! r+ plane aga9 passes ?r\gh ! e>?1 & ,/ruve & ,wray obs]ve curi\s nebul\s appe>ances499 ,footnote 993 ,locky]4 ,our opportunities = see+ ,saturn v>y greatly4 ,z ! e>? at "o "p ( its orbit pres5ts its s\? pole ,page #aga to ! sun1 !n its equator1 !n ! nor? pole1 s ,saturn2 & we1 9 ! direction ( ! sun1 see ! s\? side ( ! r+s incl9$ at an angle ( #bg2 next ! edge ( ! r+s1 l a f9e ?read ( light2 !n ! nor? side at a simil> incl9ation4 ,on ,febru>y #g?1 #ahgh1 ,saturn 0 betwe5 ,aqu>ius & ,pisces1 ) ! edge ( ! r+ to ! sun4 ,9 #ahhe1 ! planet be+ 9 ,taurus1 ! s\? side ( ! r+s w be se5 at ! greate/ advantage4 ,f #ahha till #ahhe all circum/ances w comb9e to give mo/ favorable /udies ( ,saturn4 ,mean:ile /udy ! picture ( x4 ,! out] r+ is n>r[1 d>k1 %[+ h9ts ( ano!r division1 sometimes m evid5t ?an at o!rs1 z if x 7 9 a /ate ( flux4 ,! inn]1 or second1 r+ is mu* bright]1 especially on ! out] edge1 & %ad+ (f to ! dusky edge next to ! planet4 ,!re is no sign ( division into a ?ird dusky inn]mo/ r+1 z 0 pla9ly se5 by ,bond4 ,?is1 too1 may be 9 a /ate ( flux4 ,! m>k+s ( ! planet are delicate1 difficult ( detection1 & are n l ^? />k zebra /ripes t are s (t5 repres5t$4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! planet & ! second r+ seems to be dim9i%$ "o-half s9ce #afeg1 & ?is r+ has d\bl$ its bread? 9 ! same "t4 ,"s ( ?is diff]5ce may be ow+ to our great] telescopic p[]1 enabl+ u to see ! r+ clos] to ! planet2 b 9 all probability ! r+ is clos+ 9 ^u ! c5tral body1 & w t\* x by ,a4,d4 #baej4 ,?us ! :ole r+ mu/ ultimately fall ^u ! planet1 in/ead ( mak+ a satellite4 ,we are anxi\s to le>n ! nature ( su* a r+4 ,page #agb ,laplace ma!matically demon/rat$ t x _c be uni=m & solid1 & survive4 ,pr(essor ,peirce %[$ x c\ld n be fluid1 & cont9ue4 ,!n ,pr(essor ,maxwell %[$ t x mu/ be =m$ ( cl\ds ( satellites too small to be se5 individually1 & too ne> toge!r = ! spaces to be disc]n$1 unless1 p]haps1 we may except ! inn] d>k r+1 :]e !y are n ne> en\gh to make x positively lum9\s4 ,inde$1 !re is "s evid5ce t ! meteoroids are f> en\gh ap>t to make ! r+ p>tially transp>5t4 ,we look =w>d to ! opportunities = obs]vation 9 #ahhb ) ! brighte/ hope t ^! difficult que/ions w be solv$4 ,satellites ( ,saturn4 ,! fir/ discov]$ satellite ( ,saturn se5 by ,huygh5s 0 9 #afee1 & ! la/ by ! ,bonds1 fa!r & son1 ( ,cambridge1 9 #ahdh4 ,^! are eight 9 numb]1 & are nam$3 ,di/ant f ,saturn's c5tre4 ,i4 ,mimas #aai1gbe miles4 ,,ii4 ,enceladus #aec1fcj ,,iii4 ,te?ys #aij1bbe ,,iv4 ,dione #bdc1fgj ,v4 ,rhea #cdj1cbj ,,vi4 ,titan #ghh1iae ,,vii4 ,hyp]ion #ied1afj ,,viii4 ,japetus #b1bib1gij ,titan c be se5 by almo/ any telescope2 ,i41 ,,ii41 & ,,iii41 only by ! mo/ p[]ful in/rum5t4 ,all except ,japetus revolve ne>ly 9 ! plane ( ! r+4 ,l ! moons ( ,jupit]1 !y pres5t rem>kable & unacc\ntable v>iations ( brilliancy4 ,an inspection ,page #agc ( ! table reveals ei!r an expectation t ano!r moon w be discov]$ betwe5 ,v4 & ,,vi41 & ab\t ?ree m betwe5 ,,vii4 & ,,viii41 or t ^! gaps may be fill$ ) gr\ps ( invisible a/]oids1 z ! gap betwe5 ,m>s & ,jupit]4 ,?is w become m evid5t by draw+ ,saturn1 ! r+s1 & orbits ( ! moons all z circles1 on a scale ( #aj1jjj miles to ! in*4 ,saturn w be 9 ! c5tre1 #gj1jjj miles 9 diamet]2 !n a gap1 decreas+ tw5ty-n9e miles a ye> to ! fir/ r+1 (1 say1 #aj1jjj miles2 a d>k r+ #ijjj miles wide2 next ! brighte/ r+ #ah1cjj miles wide2 !n a gap ( #agej miles2 !n ! out] r+ #aj1jjj miles wide2 !n ! orbits ( ! satellites 9 ord]4 ,if ! sc5]y ( ,jupit] is magnific5t1 t ( ,saturn mu/ be sublime4 ,if "o c\ld exi/ !re1 he might w&] f ! illum9at$ side ( ! r+s1 "u _! magnific5t ar*es1 to ! d>k5$ side1 see ! swift :irl+ moons2 "o ( !m pres5t+ t5 times ! disk ( ! e>?'s moon1 & s v ne> z to enable him to wat* ! advanc+ l9e ( light t m>ks ! lun> morn+ j\rney+ r\nd t orb4 ,,uranus4 ,sign ,symbol2 ! initial ( ,h]s*el1 & sign ( ! _w4 ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,sun1 #a1gga1jjj1jjj ,,miles4 ,,diamet]1 #ca1gjj ,,miles4 ,,axial ,,revolution ,,unkn[n4 ,,orbital1 #hd ,,ye>s4 ,,velocity ,,p] ,,m9ute1 #beb ,,miles4 ,,moons1 ,,f\r4 ,uranus 0 pres5t$ to ! k ( man z an unexpect$ rew>d = hone/ "w4 ,x 0 fir/ mi/ak5 by its discov]] = a comet1 a m]e cl\d ( vapor2 b x prov$ to be a _w1 & ext5d$ ! ,page #agd b\nd>ies ( our sol> sy/em1 9 ! mom5t ( its discov]y1 z mu* z all inve/igation _h done 9 all previ\s ages4 ,sir ,william ,h]s*el 0 engag$ 9 mapp+ />s 9 #agha1 :5 he fir/ obs]v$ its sea-gre5 disk4 ,he propos$ to call x ,georgium ,sidus1 9 honor ( 8 k+2 b !re 7 too _m names ( ! gods 9 ! sky to all[ a mortal "n to be plac$ among !m4 ,x 0 !re=e call$ ,uranus1 s9ce1 be+ ! mo/ di/ant body ( our sy/em1 z 0 suppos$1 x might appropriately be> ! "n ( ! olde/ god4 ,f9d+ any?+ 9 ,god's realms ( inf9ite ri*es ought n to lead m5 to reg>d t z f9al1 b z a promise ( m to foll[4 ,?is planet _h be5 se5 five times by ,flam/e$ be=e its "* 0 det]m9$--once ne>ly a c5tury be=e--& eight times by ,le ,monni]4 ,^! names1 :i* might easily h be5 associat$ ) a gr& discov]y1 are associat$ ) c>eless obs]vation4 ,eyes 7 made n only to be kept op51 b to h m9ds beh9d !m to int]pret _! visions4 ,h]s*el ?\ght he discov]$ six moons belong+ to ,uranus1 b subsequ5t inve/igation has limit$ ! numb] to f\r4 ,two ( ^! are se5 ) great difficulty by ! mo/ p[]ful telescopes4 ,if ! plane ( our moon's orbit 7 tipp$ up to a great] incl9ation1 revolv+ x on ! l9e ( nodes z an axis until x 0 turn$ #he1 ! moon1 /ill cont9u+ on its orbit 9 t plane1 w\ld g ov] ! poles in/ead ( ab\t ! equator1 & w\ld g back to its old pa? :5 ! plane 0 revolv$ #ahj2 b its revolution w\ld n[ be f ea/ to we/1 or ,page #age retrograde4 ,! plane ( ! moons ( ,uranus has be5 ?us incl9$ till x has pass$ #aj beyond ! pole1 & ! moons' motions are retrograde z reg>ds o!r kn[n cele/ial movem5ts4 ,h[ ,uranus itself revolves is n kn[n4 ,!re are m worlds to conqu]4 ,,neptune4 ,god ( ! sea2 sign ,symbol1 8 trid5t4 ,,di/ance ,,f ,,! ,,sun1 #b1gge1jjj1jjj ,,miles4 ,,diamet]1 #cd1ejj ,,miles4 ,,velocity ,,p] ,,m9ute1 #bja4f ,,miles4 ,,axial ,,revolution ,,unkn[n4 ,,orbital1 #afd4gh ,,ye>s4 ,,"o ,,moon4 ,m5 s\ght = ,neptune z ! h]oes s\ght ! gold5 fleece4 ,! place ( ,uranus _h be5 mapp$ = ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s by ^! accid5tal obs]vations4 ,on apply+ ! law ( univ]sal gravitation1 a slight discrepancy 0 f\nd betwe5 its comput$ place & its obs]v$ place4 ,?is discrepancy 0 exce$+ly slight4 ,9 #ahcj x 0 only #bj2 9 #ahdj1aij2 9 #ahhd1 #b'4 ,two />s t 7 #b' ap>t w\ld appe> z "o to ! ke5e/ unaid$ eye1 b su* an error mu/ n exi/ 9 a/ronomy4 ,ye>s ( "w 7 giv5 to its correction4 ,mr4 ,john ,c4 ,adams1 ( ,cambridge1 ,engl&1 f9d+ t ! attraction ( a planet ext]ior to ,uranus w\ld acc\nt = its irregul>ities1 comput$ ! place ( su* a hypo!tical body ) s+ul> exactness 9 ,octob]1 #ahda2 b nei!r he nor ! royal a/ronom] ,airy look$ = x4 ,ano!r opportunity = immortality 0 he$lessly neglect$4 ,mean:ile1 ,m4 ,lev]ri]1 ( ,p>is1 0 work+ at ! same problem4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahdf ,lev]ri] ann\nc$ ! place ( ! ext]ior planet4 ,! conclusion 0 9 /rik+ co9cid5ce ) t ( ,mr4 ,page #agf ,cl>k4 ,mr4 ,*allis comm5c$ to se>* = ! planet ne> ! indicat$ place1 & actually saw & mapp$ ! /> ,augu/ #d?1 #ahdf1 b did n recognize its planet>y "*4 ,dr4 ,galle1 ( ,b]l91 on ! #bc;d ( ,septemb]1 #ahdf1 f\nd an object ) a planet>y disk n plott$ on ! map ( />s4 ,x 0 ! s\ght-= _w4 ,x w\ld seem easy to f9d a _w sev5ty-six times z l>ge z ! e>?1 & easy to recognize x :5 se54 ,! fact t x c\ld be discov]$ only by su* c>e conveys an ov]:elm+ idea ( ! di/ance :]e x moves4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ff4--,p]turbation ( ,uranus4 ,! effect ( ^! p]turbations by an ext]ior planet is und]/ood f ,fig4 #ff4 ,uranus & ,neptune 7 9 conjunction1 z %[n1 9 #ahbb4 ,b 9 #ahbj x _h be5 f\nd t ,uranus 0 too f> f ! sun1 & too mu* accel]at$4 ,s9ce #ahjj1 ,neptune1 9 8 orbit f ,f to ,e1 _h be5 ha/5+ ,uranus 9 8 orbit ,d f ,c to ,b1 & also draw+ x f>!r f ! sun4 ,aft] #ahbb1 ,neptune1 9 pass+ f ,e to ,d1 _h be5 ret>d+ ,uranus 9 8 orbit f ,b to ,a4 ,we h se5 x is easy to miss immortality4 ,!re is /ill ano!r in/ance4 ,lal&e saw ,neptune on ,may #h? & #aj?1 #agie1 not$ t x _h mov$ a little1 & t ! obs]vations did n agree2 b1 suppos+ ! fir/ 0 wrong1 c>elessly miss$ ! glory ( once m d\bl+ ! b\nds ( ! empire ( ! sun4 ,page #agg ,x is "t to pause & review our k ( ?is sy/em4 ,! fir/ view reveals a moon & e>? end[$ ) a =ce ( in]tia go+ on 9 space 9 /raight l9es2 b an invisible ela/ic cord ( attraction holds !m toge!r1 j c\nt]balanc+ ?is t5d5cy to fly ap>t1 & h5ce !y circle r\nd _! c5tre ( gravity4 ,! revolv+ e>? turns e "p ( its surface to ! moon 9 ea* tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,by an axial revolution 9 ! same "t t ! moon goes r\nd ! e>?1 ! moon holds ! same po9t ( its surface con/antly t[>d ! e>?4 ,if we 7 to add "o1 two1 f\r1 eight moons at appropriate di/ances1 ! result w\ld be ! same4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r attractive influ5ce--t ( ! sun4 ,! sun attracts bo? e>? & moon1 b _! ne>] affection = ea* o!r keeps !m f go+ ap>t4 ,!y bo?1 revolv+ on _! axes & ar\nd _! c5tre ( gravity1 sweep 9 a va/ly wid] curve ar\nd ! sun4 ,add z _m moons z has ,jupit] or ,saturn1 ! result is ! same--an ord]ly c>ry+ ( worlds ?r\gh space4 ,!re lies ! unsupport$ sun 9 ! c5tre1 ne>] to inf9ity 9 all its capacities & int5sities ( =ce ?an our m9ds c measure1 fill+ ! :ole dome to :]e ! />s are set ) light1 heat1 & p[]4 ,x holds five small worlds--,vulcan1 ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,e>?1 & ,m>s--)9 a space ^: radius x w\ld require a locomotive half a ?\s& ye>s to trav]se4 ,x next holds "s indet]m9ate numb] ( a/]oids1 & ! great ,jupit]1 equal 9 volume to #ac1jjj e>?s4 ,x holds ,saturn1 ,uranus1 & ,neptune1 & all _! v>i\sly relat$ satellites & r+s4 ,! two ?\ghts t ov]:elm u are di/ance & p[]4 ,! p]iod ( ,page #agh man's :ole hi/ory is n suffici5t = an express tra9 to trav]se half ! di/ance to ,neptune4 ,?\ght we>ies & fails 9 seek+ to grasp su* di/ances2 x c sc>cely compreh5d "o million miles1 & "h are ?\s&s ( !m4 ,ev5 ! w+s ( imag9ation gr[ we>y & droop4 ,:5 we /& on t out]mo/ ( planets1 ! v la/ s5t9el ( ! outpo/s ( ! k+1 ! v sun gr[n dim & small 9 ! di/ance1 we h tak5 only "o /ep ( ! inf9ite di/ance to ! />s4 ,!y h n *ang$ _! relative position--!y h n gr[n bright] by our approa*4 ,neptune c>ries u r\nd a va/ circle ab\t ! c5tre ( ! dome ( />s1 b we seem no ne>] its sides4 ,9 visit+ planets1 we h be5 only visit+ next-door neighbors 9 ! /reets ( a seaport t[n4 ,we "k t !re are simil> neighbors ab\t ,sirius & ,arcturus1 b a va/ sea rolls betwe54 ,z we said1 we /& ) ! out]mo/ s5t9el2 b into ! great void beyond ! k+ ( day s5ds 8 comets z sc\ts1 & !y fly ?\s&s ( ye>s )\t = "o in/ant miss+ ! /eady grasp ( ! p[] ( ! sun4 ,x is ne>] almight9ess ?an we are able to ?9k4 ,if we _c solve ! problems ( ! pres5t exi/5ce ( worlds1 h[ little c we expect to fa?om ! uns\ndable dep?s ( _! creation & developm5t ?r\gh ages measureless to man6 ,yet ! v difficulty provokes ! mo/ ambiti\s ?\ght4 ,we toil at ! problem because x has be5 hi!rto unsolvable4 ,e error we make1 & discov] to be su*1 helps t[>d ! f9al solution4 ,e e>ne/ ?9k] :o climbs ! %9+ worlds z /eps to a high] ?\ght is try+ to solve ! problem ,god has giv5 u to d4 ,page #agi ,,ix4 ,,! ,,nebul> ,,hypo!sis4 ,& ! e>? 0 )\t =m1 & void2 & d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! deep4--,g5esis i4 #b4 ,page #ahj ,a d>k ,illimitable ocean1 )\t b\nd1 ,)\t dim5sion1 :]e l5g?1 bread?1 & height1 ,& "t1 & place are lo/4--,,milton4 ,x is c]ta9 t matt] is someh[ direct$1 controll$1 & arrang$2 :ile no mat]ial =ces or prop]ties are kn[n to be capable ( dis*>g+ su* functions4--,,lionel ,,beale4 ,! laws ( nature d n acc\nt = _! own orig94--,,john ,,/u>t ,,mill4 ,page #aha ,,ix4 ,,! ,,nebul> ,,hypo!sis4 ,! me?od by :i* ! sol> sy/em came into its pres5t =m 0 sket*$ 9 va/ outl9e by ,moses4 ,he gave u ! fundam5tal idea ( :at is call$ ! nebul> hypo!sis4 ,sw$5borg1 t prodigal dream] ( vag>ies1 9 #agcd ?rew out "s conjectures ( ! way 9 :i* ! outl9es 7 to be fill$ up2 ,buffon foll[$ him closely 9 #agdi2 ,kant s\ght to give x an ideal philosophical complet5ess2 z he said1 n z ! result ( obs]vation & computation1 b z evolv$ out ( 8 own consci\sness2 & ,laplace s\ght to settle x on a ma!matical basis4 ,x has be5 modifi$ greatly by lat] writ]s1 & mu/ receive /ill great] modifications be=e x c be accept$ by ! be/ sci5ti/s ( to-day4 ,x has be5 call$ ! gr&e/ g5]alization ( ! human m9d2 & if x %all f9ally be s modifi$ z to pass f a t5tative hypo!sis to an accept$ philosophy1 decl>+ ! modes ( a div9e work] r ?an ! necessities ( bl9d =ce1 x w /ill be wor?y ( t high di/9ction4 ,let x be cle>ly not$ t x nev] proposes to d m ?an to trace a portion ( ! mode ( work+ :i* br\ght ! univ]se f "o /age to ano!r4 ,x only goes back to a def9ite po9t1 nev] to absolute beg9n+1 nor to no?+ness4 ,x takes matt] f ,page #ahb ! h& ( ! unse5 p[] beh9d1 & m]ely notes ! progress ( its developm5t4 ,x f9ds ! clay 9 ! h&s ( an intellig5t pott]1 & sees x :irl 9 ! process ( =mation into a vessel4 ,x is n 9 any s5se necess>ily a!i/ic1 any m ?an x is to affirm t a tree gr[s by vital processes 9 ! sun & dew1 in/ead ( be+ arbitr>ily & in/antly creat$4 ,! conclusion rea*$ dep5ds on ! _s ( ! obs]v]4 ,newton c\ld say1 ,?is mo/ beautiful sy/em ( ! sun1 planets1 & comets c\ld only proce$ f ! c\nsel & dom9ion ( an intellig5t & p[]ful be+6 ,/ill x is well to recognize t "s ( its mo/ ard5t def5d]s h advocat$ x z mat]iali/ic4 ,& ,laplace said ( x to ,napoleon1 ,i h no ne$ ( ! hypo!sis ( a god4 ,! mat]iali/ic /atem5t ( ! !ory is ?is3 t matt] is at fir/ assum$ to exi/ z an inf9ite cl\d ( fire-mi/1 d[]$ ) p[] lat5t !re9 to gr[ ( itself into e possibility ( _w1 fl[]1 animal1 man1 m9d1 & affection1 )\t any int]f]5ce or help f )\t4 ,b x requires f> m ( ! ,div9e ,work] ?an any o!r !ory4 ,he mu/ fill matt] ) capabilities to take c>e ( itself1 & ?is w\ld tax ! abilities ( ! ,inf9ite ,"o f> m ?an a con/ant sup]vision & occasional int]f]5ce4 ,in/ead ( mak+ ! vase 9 p]fect =m1 & color+ x ) exquisite beauty by an ev]-pres5t skill1 he mu/ end[ ! clay ) p[] to make itself 9 p]fect =m1 adorn itself ) delicate beauty1 & create o!r vases4 ,! nebul> hypo!sis is briefly ?is3 ,all ! matt] compos+ all ! bodies ( ! sun1 planets1 & satellites once exi/$ 9 an exce$+ly diffus$ /ate2 ,page #ahc r>] ?an any gas ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 fill+ a space l>g] ?an ! orbit ( ,neptune4 ,gravitation gradually contract$ ?is matt] into a cond5s+ globe ( imm5se ext5t4 ,"s p>ts w\ld naturally be d5s] ?an o!rs1 & 9 ! c\rse ( contraction a rot>y motion1 x is affirm$1 w\ld be eng5d]$4 ,rotation w\ld flatt5 ! globe some:at 9 ! l9e ( its axis4 ,contract+ /ill m1 ! r>] gases1 aid$ by c5trifugal =ce1 w\ld be left beh9d z a r+ t w\ld ultimately be sep>at$1 l ,saturn's r+1 f ! retreat+ body4 ,!re w\ld naturally be "s places 9 ?is r+ d5s] ?an o!rs2 ^! w\ld gradually absorb all ! r+ into a planet1 & /ill revolve ab\t ! c5tral mass1 & /ill rotate on its own axis1 ?r[+ (f r+s f itself4 ,?us ! planet ,neptune w\ld be left beh9d 9 ! fir/ sun-r+1 to make its "o moon2 ! planet ,uranus left 9 ! next sun-r+1 to make its f\r moons f f\r successive planet-r+s2 ,saturn1 ) its eight moons & ?ree r+s n made into moons1 is left 9 ! ?ird sun-r+2 & s on d[n to ,vulcan4 ,! out] planets w\ld cool (f fir/1 become inhabitable1 &1 z ! sun contract$ & !y radiat$ _! own heat1 become refrig]at$ & left beh9d by ! retreat+ sun4 ,( c\rse ! out] planets w\ld move sl[ly2 b z t portion ( ! sun :i* gave !m _! motion drew 9 t[>d ! c5tre1 keep+ its absolute spe$1 & revolv+ 9 ! less5+ circles ( a contract+ body1 x w\ld give ! fa/] motion necess>y to be imp>t$ to ,e>?1 ,m]cury1 & ,vulcan4 ,! f\r great classes ( facts confirmatory ( ?is hypo!sis are z foll[s3 #a/4 ,all ! planets move ,page #ahd 9 ! same direction1 & ne>ly 9 ! same plane1 z if ?r[n (f f "o equator2 #b;d4 ,! motions ( ! satellites ab\t _! prim>ies are mo/ly 9 ! same direction z t ( _! prim>ies ab\t ! sun2 #c;d4 ,! rotation ( mo/ ( ^! bodies on _! axes1 & also ( ! sun1 is 9 ! same direction z ! motion ( ! planets ab\t ! sun2 #d?4 ,! orbits ( ! planets1 exclud+ a/]oids1 & _! satellites1 h b a comp>atively small ecc5tricity2 #e?4 ,c]ta9 nebul are obs]vable 9 ! heav5s :i* are n yet cond5s$ into solids1 b are /ill bright gas4 ,! mat]iali/ic evolutioni/ takes up ! idea ( a univ]se ( mat]ial _w-/uff )\t =m1 & void1 b s end[$ z to develop itself into ord]ly worlds1 & adds to x ?is exce$+ advance1 t :5 soil1 sun1 & *emical laws f\nd !mselves prop]ly relat$1 a =ce 9 matt]1 lat5t = a million eons 9 ! orig9al cl\d1 comes =w>d1 & dead matt] becomes alive 9 ! l[e/ ord] ( vegetable life2 !re takes place1 z ,h]b]t ,sp5c] says1 a *ange f an indef9ite1 incoh]5t homog5eity1 into a def9ite1 coh]5t het]og5eity1 ?r\gh cont9u\s diff]5tiation & integration4 ,! dead becomes alive2 matt] passes f unconsci\sness to consci\sness2 passes up f plant to animal1 f animal to man2 takes on p[] to ?9k1 reason1 love1 & adore4 ,! !i/ic evolutioni/ may ?9k t ! same process is gone ?r\gh1 b t an ev]-pres5t & work+ ,god sup]9t5ds1 guides1 & occasionally be/[s a new end[m5t ( p[] t successively gives life1 consci\sness1 m5tal1 affectional1 & spiritual capacity4 ,is ?is _w-!ory true8 & if s1 is ei!r ( ! ,page #ahe evolution !ories true also8 ,if ! fir/ evolution !ory is true1 ! evolv$ man w h>dly "k :i* to adore mo/1 ! ,be+ t c\ld s end[ matt]1 or ! matt] capable ( su* end[m5t4 ,!re are "s difficulties 9 ! way ( ! acceptance ( ! nebul> hypo!sis t compel _m ( ! mo/ ?or\gh sci5ti/s ( ! day to )hold _! ass5t to its entirety4 ,! late/1 & "o ( ! mo/ compet5t writ]s on ! subject1 ,pr(essor ,newcomb1 :o is a ma!matical a/ronom]1 & n an easy !ori/1 evolv+ ! sy/em ( ! univ]se f ! dep? ( 8 own consci\sness1 says3 ,%\ld any "o be sceptical z to ! suffici5cy ( ^! laws to acc\nt = ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 sci5ce c furni% no evid5ce /rong en\gh to ov]?r[ 8 d\bts until ! sun %all be f\nd to be gr[+ small] by actual measurem5t1 or ! nebul be actually se5 to cond5se into />s & sy/ems4 ,9 "o ( ! mo/ elaborate def5ces ( ! !ory1 x is argu$ t ! hypo!sis expla9s :y only "o ( ! f\r planets ne>e/ ! sun c h a moon1 & :y !re c be no planet inside ( ,m]cury4 ,! discov]y ( ! two satellites to ,m>s & ( ! planet ,vulcan makes x all ! worse = ^! facts4 ,"s ( ! objections to ! !ory %\ld be kn[n by e ?9k]4 ,laplace mu/ h ! cl\d diffus$ 9 consequ5ce ( excessive heat1 etc4 ,helmholtz1 9 ord] to acc\nt = ! heat ( ! contract+ sun1 mu/ h ! cl\d relatively cold4 ,h[ he & 8 foll[]s diffus$ ! cl\d )\t heat is n /at$4 ,! next difficulty is t ( rotation4 ,! laws ,page #ahf ( sci5ce compel a contraction into "o non-rotat+ body--a c5tral sun1 inde$1 b no planets ab\t x4 ,laplace clev]ly evades ! difficulty by n tak+ f ! h& ( ! ,creator diffus$ gas1 b a sun ) an atmosph]e fill+ space to ! orbit ( ,neptune1 & already 9 revolution4 ,he says3 ,x is f\r millions to "o t all motions ( ! planets1 rotations & revolutions1 7 at once imp>t$ by an orig9al common cause1 ( :i* we "k nei!r ! nature nor ! epo*4 ,helmholtz says ( rotation1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* mu/ be assum$4 ,pr(essor ,newcomb says t ! planets w\ld n be arrang$ z n[1 ea* "o twice z f> f ! sun z ! next int]ior "o1 & ! out] ones made fir/1 b t all w\ld be made into planets at once1 & ! small inn] ones q likely to cool (f m rapidly4 ,x is a v s]i\s difficulty t at lea/ "o satellite does n revolve 9 ! "r direction4 ,h[ ,neptune or ,uranus c\ld ?r[ _! moons backw>d f its equator is n easily acc\nt$ =4 ,x is at lea/ "o ,p>?ian arr[ at ! sy/em1 n necess>ily fatal1 b c]ta9ly dang]\s4 ,a great] difficulty is pres5t$ by ! rec5tly discov]$ satellites ( ,m>s4 ,! inn] "o goes r\nd ! planet 9 "o-?ird "p ( ! "t ( ! latt]'s revolution4 ,h[ ,m>s c\ld imp>t ?ree times ! spe$ to a body fly+ (f its surface t x has itself1 has caus$ sev]al def5d]s ( ! hypo!sis to ru% =w>d ) explanations1 b none ) any?+ m ?an m]e imag9>y collisions ) "s comet4 ,x is to be notic$ t acc\nt+ = ?ree times ! spe$ is n en\gh2 = z ,m>s %runk away f ! ,page #ahg r+ t =m$ t satellite1 x ought itself to atta9 m spe$1 z ! sun revolves fa/] ?an its planets1 & ! e>? fa/] ?an its moon4 ,9 def5d+ ! hypo!sis1 ,mit*el said3 ,suppose we _h discov]$ t x requir$ m "t = ,saturn or ,jupit] to rotate on _! axes ?an = _! ne>e/ moon to revolve r\nd !m 9 its orbit2 ?is w\ld h falsifi$ ! !ory4 ,x is also ass]t$ t ! newly discov]$ planet ,vulcan makes an orbital 9 less "t ?an ! sun makes an axial revolution4 ,9 reg>d to "o ,m>tial moon1 ,pr(essor ,kirkwood1 on :om ,proctor conf]r$ ! highe/ title t c\ld be conf]r$1 ! mod]n ,kepl]1 says3 ,unless "s explanation c be giv51 ! %ort p]iod ( ! inn] satellite w be d\btless reg>d$ z a conclusive argum5t aga9/ ! nebul> hypo!sis4 ,if gravitation be suffici5t to acc\nt = ! v>i\s motions ( ! heav5ly bodies1 we h a p]plex+ problem 9 ! /> kn[n z #ahcj ,groombridge1 n[ 9 ! ,hunt+ ,dogs ( ,bootes4 ,x is ?\ght to h a spe$ ( two hundr$ miles p] second--a velocity t all ! kn[n matt] 9 ! univ]se c\ld n give to ! /> by all its comb9$ attraction4 ,nei!r c\ld all t attraction /op ! motion ( ! />1 or b5d x into an orbit4 ,its motion mu/ be acc\nt$ = on "s hypo!sis o!r ?an ! nebul>4 ,! nebul :i* we are able to obs]ve are n altoge!r confirmatory ( ! hypo!sis "u consid]ation4 ,!y h ! mo/ fanta/ic %apes1 z if !y _h no relation to rotat+ suns 9 ! =mative /ages4 ,!re are va/ gaps 9 ! middle1 :]e !y ought to be d5se/4 ,mr4 ,plum]1 9 ! ,natural ,sci5ce ,review1 ,page #ahh says1 9 reg>d to ! results ( ! spectroscopic revelations3 ,we are furni%$ ) di/9ct pro( t ! gases s exam9$ are n only ( ne>ly equal d5sity1 b t !y exi/ 9 a l[ /ate ( t5sion4 ,?is fact is fatal to ! nebul> !ory4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahgf a /> blaz$ out 9 ,cygnus1 :i* promis$ to ?r[ a flood ( light on ! "q ( _w-mak+4 ,its spectrum 0 l "s ( ! fix$ />s4 ,x probably blaz$ ont by cond5sation f "s previ\sly invisible nebula4 ,b its brilliancy dim9i%$ swiftly1 :5 x ought to h tak5 millions ( ye>s to cool4 ,if ! !ory 0 true1 x ought to h behav$ v diff]5tly4 ,x %\ld h regul>ly cond5s$ f gas to a solid sun by sl[ process4 ,b1 wor/ ( all1 aft] be+ a /> a:ile1 x %[$ unmi/akable pro(s ( turn+ into a cl\d-mi/--a /> into a nebula1 in/ead ( vice v]sa4 ,a possible explanation w be consid]$ "u v>iable />s4 ,su* are a few ( ! _m difficulties 9 ! way ( accept+ ! nebul> hypo!sis1 z at pres5t expla9$1 z be+ ! true mode ( developm5t ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,d\btless x has come f a hot & diffus$ condition into its pres5t /ate2 b :5 su* m5 z ,proctor1 ,newcomb1 & ,kirkwood see difficulties t _c be expla9$1 contradictions t _c be reconcil$ by ! pr9ciples ( ?is !ory1 surely less] m5 are oblig$ to susp5d judgm5t1 & r5d] ! ,scot* v]dict ( n prov54 ,:atev] tru? !re may be 9 ! !ory w survive1 & be incorporat$ into ! f9al solution ( ! problem2 :i* solution w be a mu* gr&] g5]alization ( ! human m9d ?an ! nebul> hypo!sis4 ,page #ahi ,( "s ?+s we feel v sure3 t matt] 0 once )\t =m & void1 & d>kness re/$ on ! face ( ! mighty deeps2 t1 in/ead ( *aos1 we h n[ cosmos & beauty2 & t !re is "s process by :i* matt] has be5 br\ght f "o /ate to ! o!r4 ,:e!r1 h[ev]1 ! nebul> hypo!sis lays d[n ! road travell$ to ?is transfiguration1 we are n sure4 ,"s ( x seems l solid rock1 & "s l %ift+ quicks&4 ,d\btless !re is a road f t *aos to ?is fair cosmos4 ,! nebul> hypo!sis has survey$1 work$1 & p]fect$ _m long rea*es ( ?is road1 b ! riv]s are n bridg$1 ! *asms n fill$1 nor ! m\nta9s tunnell$4 ,:5 m5 attempt to roll ! hypo!sis ( evolution along ! road ( ! nebul> hypo!sis ( worlds1 & ev5 beyond to ! production ( vegetable & animal life1 m9d & affection1 ! gaps 9 ! road become evid5t1 & disa/r\s4 ,a s\l t has rea*$ an adoration = ! ,supreme ,fa!r c>es n h[ he has made him4 ,d\btless ! way ,god *ose 0 ! be/4 ,x is z agreeable to h be5 ?\ght ( & provid$ = 9 ! beg9n+1 to h _h a myriad ages ( c>e1 & to h come f ! highe/ exi/5t life at la/1 z to h be5 made at once1 by a s+le act1 out ( du/4 ,! "o :o is made is n to say to ! ,mak]1 ,:y ha/ ?\ =m$ me 9 ?is or t mann]8 ,we only wi% ! "q answ]$ 9 :at mann] we 7 really made4 ,evolution1 )\t con/ant sup]9t5d5ce & occasional new inspiration ( p[]1 f9ds "s trem5d\s *asms 9 ! road x travels4 ,^! mu/ be spann$ by ! p[] ( a pres5t ,god or ! airy imag9ation ,page #aij ( man4 ,dr4 ,mc,cosh has happily enum]at$ "s ( ^! trem5d\s gaps ov] :i* m]e =ce _c g4 ,giv51 !n1 matt] ) me*anical p[] only1 :at are ! gaps betwe5 x & spirituality8 #a4 ,*emical action _c be produc$ by me*anical p[]4 #b4 ,life1 ev5 9 ! l[e/ =ms1 _c be produc$ f unorganiz$ matt]4 #c4 ,protoplasm c be produc$ only by liv+ matt]4 #d4 ,organiz$ matt] is made up ( cells1 & c be produc$ only by cells4 ,:5ce ! fir/ cell8 #e4 ,a liv+ be+ c be produc$ only f a se$ or g]m4 ,:5ce ! fir/ vegetable se$8 #f4 ,an animal _c be produc$ f a plant4 ,:5ce ! fir/ animal8 #g4 ,s5sation _c be produc$ 9 ins5ti5t matt]4 #h4 ,! g5esis ( a new species ( plant or animal has nev] come "u ! cognizance ( man1 ei!r 9 pre-human or po/-human ages1 ei!r 9 pre-sci5tific or sci5tific times4 ,d>w9 ackn[l$ges ?is1 & says t1 %\ld a new species sudd5ly arise1 we h no means ( kn[+ t x is su*4 #i4 ,consci\sness--t is1 a k ( self & its op]ations--_c be produc$ out ( m]e matt] or s5sation4 #aj4 ,we h no k ( man be+ g5]at$ out ( ! l[] animals4 #aa4 ,all human be+s1 ev5 savages1 are capable ( =m+ c]ta9 high ideas1 su* z ^? ( ,god & duty4 ,! brute creatures _c be made to ent]ta9 ^! by any tra9+4 ,page #aia ,) su* trem5d\s gaps 9 ! process1 ! !ory :i* w\ld d]ive all ?+s out ( matt] by developm5t is se5 to be a v prec>i\s "o4 ,! tru?1 accord+ to ! be/ judgm5t to be =m$ 9 ! pres5t /ate ( k1 w\ld seem to be ab\t ?is3 ,! nebul> hypo!sis is correct 9 all ! ma9 facts on :i* x is bas$2 b t nei!r ! pres5t =ces ( matt]1 nor any o!r =ces conceivable to ! m9d ( man1 ) :i* x c possibly be end[$1 c acc\nt = all ! facts already obs]v$4 ,!re is a dem& = a p]sonal volition1 = an ex]cise ( intellig5ce1 = ! foll[+ ( a div9e plan t embraces a f9al p]fection ?r\gh v>i\s & *angeful processes4 ,! five great classes ( facts t su/a9 ! nebul> hypo!sis seem set be=e u to %[ ! regul> ord] ( work+4 ,! sev]al facts t w n1 s f> z at pres5t kn[n1 accord ) t plan1 seem to be set be=e u to decl>e ! pres5ce ( a div9e w & p[] work+ 8 good pleasure accord+ to ! exig5cies ( "t & place4 ,page #aic ,x4 ,,! ,,/ell> ,,sy/em4 ,! heav5s numb] out ! glory ( ! /rong ,god4--,,david4 ,page #aid ,ri*t] says t an angel once took a man & /ripp$ him ( 8 fle%1 & lift$ him up into space to %[ him ! glory ( ! univ]se4 ,:5 ! fle% 0 tak5 away ! man ceas$ to be c[>dly1 & 0 ready to fly ) ! angel pa/ galaxy aft] galaxy1 & inf9ity aft] inf9ity1 & s man & angel pass$ on1 view+ ! univ]se1 until ! sun 0 out ( sight--until our sol> sy/em appe>$ z a speck ( light aga9/ ! black empyrean1 & !re 0 only d>kness4 ,& !y look$ onw>d1 & 9 ! inf9ities ( light be=e1 a speck ( light appe>$1 & sudd5ly !y 7 9 ! mid/ ( ru%+ worlds4 ,b !y pass$ beyond t sy/em1 & beyond sy/em aft] sy/em1 & inf9ity aft] inf9ity1 until ! human he>t sank1 & ! man cri$ out3 ',end is !re none ( ! univ]se ( ,god8' ,! angel /r5g!n$ ! man by words ( c\nsel & c\rage1 & !y flew on aga9 until worlds left beh9d !m 7 out ( sight1 & specks ( light 9 advance 7 trans=m$1 z !y approa*$ !m1 into ru%+ sy/ems2 !y mov$ ov] ar*itraves ( et]nities1 ov] pill>s ( imm5sities1 ov] ar*itecture ( galaxies1 unspeakable 9 dim5sions & duration1 & ! human he>t sank aga9 & call$ ont3 ',end is !re none ( ! univ]se ( ,god8' ,& all ! />s e*o$ ! "q ) amazem5t3 ',end is !re none ( ! univ]se ( ,god8' ,& ?is e*o f\nd no answ]4 ,!y mov$ on aga9 pa/ imm5sities ( imm5sities1 & et]nities ( et]nities1 until 9 ! dizz9ess ( unc\nt$ galaxies ! human he>t sank = ! la/ "t1 & call$ out3 ',end is !re none ( ! univ]se ( ,god8' ,& aga9 all ! />s repeat$ ! "q1 & ! angel answ]$3 ',end is !re none ( ! univ]se ( ,god4 ,lo1 also1 !re is no beg9n+4' ,page #aie ,x4 ,,! ,,op5 ,,page ,,( ,,! ,,heav5s4 ,! ,greeks set _! my?ological deities 9 ! skies1 & read ! revolv+ pictures z a />ry poem4 ,n t !y 7 ! fir/ to set ! blazonry ( ! />s z monum5ts ( _! ?\ght2 we read c]ta9 allusions to />s & a/]isms z f> back z ! "t ( ,job4 ,& ! ,pleiades1 ,arcturus1 & ,orion are "s ( ! names us$ by ,him :o calle? all ! />s by _! names1 9 ! greatness ( 8 p[]4 ,hom] & ,hesiod1 #gej ,b4,c41 allude to a few />s & gr\ps4 ,! ,arabians v e>ly speak ( ! ,great ,be>2 b ! ,greeks completely nationaliz$ ! heav5s4 ,!y coloniz$ ! e>? widely1 b ! heav5s completely2 & nightly ov] !m m>*$ ! gr& procession ( _! apo!osiz$ div9ities4 ,!re ,h]cules p]petually wr\ght 8 mighty labors = ! good ( man2 !re fla%$ & fad$ ! *angeful /> ,algol1 z an eye 9 ! head ( ! snaky-hair$ ,m$usa2 ov] !m flew ,pegasus1 ! w+$ horse ( ! poet1 c>e]+ among ! />s2 !re ! %ip ,argo1 :i* _h explor$ all /range seas ( e>?1 nightly sail$ 9 ! inf9ite realms ( heav52 !re ,p]seus p]petually kill$ ! sea-mon/] by cele/ial aid1 & p]petually won ! *a9$ ,&rom$a = 8 bride4 ,v evid5t 0 _! recognition ( div9e help3 equally evid5t 0 ,page #aif _! ass]tion ( human ability & dom9ion4 ,!y ga!r$ ! illimitable />s1 & put unc\ntable suns into ! %ape ( ! ,great ,be>--! mo/ colossal =m ( animal f]ocity & /r5g?--across ^: broad =ehead imag9ation gr[s we>y 9 fly+2 b !y did n fail to put beh9d him a repres5tative ( !mselves1 :o =ev] drives him ar\nd a sky t nev] sets--a p]petual type t man's ambition & expectation correspond to t :i* has always be5 reveal$ z ! div9e4 ,! heav5s signify mu* high] p[] & wisdom to u2 we reta9 ! old pictures & gr\p+s = ! conv5i5ce ( f9d+ individual />s4 ,x is en\gh = ! a/ronom] t we speak ( a /> z situat$ "r asc5sion #ac' #de1 decl9ation #hh #dj'4 ,b = mo/ p1 if n all1 x is bett] to call x ,pol>is4 ,s we might speak ( a lake 9 latitude #db #dj'1 longitude #gi #bb'1 b x w\ld be cle>] to mo/ p]sons to say ,*atauqua4 ,= exact location ( a />1 "r asc5sion & decl9ation mu/ be giv52 b = g5]al indication its "n or place 9 a con/ellation is suffici5tly exact4 ,! heav5 is r indet]m9ably laid out 9 irregul> tracts1 & ! my?ological names are pres]v$4 ,! brighte/ />s are !n indicat$ 9 ord] by ! lett]s ( ! ,greek alphabet--,alpha 7a71 ,beta 7b71 ,gamma 7g71 etc4 ,aft] ^! are exhau/$1 ! ,roman alphabet is us$ 9 ! same mann]1 & !n numb]s are resort$ to2 s t ! fam\s /> #fa ,cygni is ! #aaa? /> 9 brightness 9 t "o con/ellation4 ,an acqua9tance ) ! names1 peculi>ities1 & movem5ts ( ! />s visible at diff]5t seasons ( ! ye> is an unceas+ s\rce ( pleasure4 ,x ,page #aig is n vision alone t is gratifi$1 = "o f9e en\gh may he> ! morn+ />s s+ toge!r1 & und]/& ! spee* t day utt]e? unto day1 & ! k t night %[e? unto night4 ,"o nev] c be alone if he is famili>ly acqua9t$ ) ! />s4 ,he rises e>ly 9 ! summ] morn+1 t he may see 8 w9t] fri5ds2 9 w9t]1 t he may gladd5 himself ) a sight ( ! summ] />s4 ,he hails _! successive ris+ z he does ! com+ ( 8 p]sonal fri5ds f beyond ! sea4 ,on ! wide ocean he is comm]c+ ) ! skies1 8 rapt s\l sitt+ 9 8 eyes4 ,"u ! cle> skies ( ! ,ea/ he he>s ,god's voice speak+ to him1 z to ,abraham1 & say+1 ,look n[ t[>d ! heav5s1 & tell ! numb] ( ! />s1 if ?\ be able to numb] !m4 ,a g5]al acqua9tance ) ! />s w be fir/ attempt$2 a m p>ticul> k aft]w>d4 ,fig4 #fg 7page #bja7 is a map ( ! circumpol> region1 :i* is 9 full view e cle> night4 ,x revolves daily r\nd ,pol>is1 its c5tral po9t4 ,t[>d ?is />1 ! two end />s ( ! ,great ,dipp] ev] po9t1 & are 9 consequ5ce call$ ! ,po9t]s4 ,! map may be held t[>d ! nor!rn sky 9 su* a position z ! />s may happ5 to be4 ,! ,great ,be>1 or ,dipp]1 w be se5 at n9e o'clock 9 ! ev5+ above ! pole 9 ,april & ,may2 we/ ( ! pole1 ! ,po9t]s d[nw>d1 9 ,july & ,augu/2 close to ! nor? horizon 9 ,octob] & ,novemb]2 & ea/ ( ! pole ! ,po9t]s highe/1 9 ,janu>y & ,febru>y4 ,! names ( su* con/antly visible />s %\ld be famili>4 ,9 ord]1 f ! end ( ! tail ( ! ,great ,be>1 we h ,b5etnas* ae1 ,miz> z1 ,little ,alcor close to x1 ,page #aih ,alio?1 e ,megrez1 d at ! junction1 has be5 gr[+ dimm] = a c5tury1 ,phad1 g ,dubhe & ,m]ak4 ,x is be/ to get "s facility at e/imat+ di/ances 9 degrees4 ,dubhe & ,m]ak1 ! ,po9t]s1 are five degrees ap>t4 ,eighte5 degrees =w>d ( ,dubhe is ! ,be>'s nose2 & ?ree pairs ( />s1 fifte5 degrees ap>t1 %[ ! position ( ! ,be>'s ?ree feet4 ,foll[ ! ,po9t]s tw5ty-n9e degrees f ,dubhe1 & we come to ! pole-/>4 ,?is /> is d\ble1 made ( two suns1 bo? appe>+ z "o to ! nak$ eye4 ,x is a te/ ( an excell5t ?ree-in* telescope to resolve x into two4 ,?ree />s beside x make ! curv$-up h&le ( ! ,little ,dipp] ( ,ursa ,m9or4 ,betwe5 ! two ,be>s1 ?irte5 degrees f ,megrez1 & elev5 degrees f ,miz>1 are two />s 9 ! tail ( ! ,dragon1 :i* curves ab\t to appropriate all ! />s n o!rwise assign$4 ,foll[ a curve ( fifte5 />s1 d\bl+ back to a quadrangle f five to ?ree degrees on a side1 & ?irty-five degrees f ! pole1 = 8 head4 ,8 tongue runs out to a /> f\r degrees 9 front4 ,we %all f9d1 h]eaft]1 t ! foot ( ,h]cules /&s on ?is head4 ,?is is ! ,dragon sla9 by ,cadmus1 & ^: tee? produc$ su* a crop ( sangu9>y m54 ,! /> ,?uban 0 once ! pole-/>4 ,9 ! ye> ,b4,c4 #bcjj x 0 t5 times ne>] ! pole ?an ,pol>is is n[4 ,9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #bajj ! pole w be )9 #cj' ( ,pol>is2 9 ,a4,d4 #gejj1 x w be at a ( ,cepheus2 9 ,a4,d4 #ac1ejj1 )9 #g ( ,vega2 9 ,a4,d4 #ae1gjj1 at ! /> 9 ! tongue ( ,draco2 9 ,a4,d4 #bc1jjj1 at ,?uban2 9 ,a4,d4 #bh1jjj1 back to ,pol>is4 ,?is indicates no *ange 9 ! position ( ! dome ,page #aii ( />s1 b a *ange 9 ! direction ( ! axis ( ! e>? po9t+ to ^! v>i\s places z ! cycles pass4 ,z ! e>? goes r\nd its orbit1 ! axis1 ma9ta9+ ne>ly ! same direction1 really po9ts to e "p ( a circle ne> ! nor? /> z l>ge z ! e>?'s orbit1 t is1 #ahe1jjj1jjj miles 9 diamet]4 ,b1 z already %[n1 t circle is too small to be disc]nible at our di/ance4 ,! wide circle ( ! pole ?r\gh ! ages is really made up ( ! int]lac$ curves ( ! annual curves cont9u$ ?r\gh #be1hgj ye>s4 ,! /em ( ! sp9n+ top wav]s1 describes a circle1 & f9ally falls2 ! axis ( ! sp9n+ e>? wav]s1 describes a circle ( ne>ly #bh1jjj ye>s1 & nev] falls4 ,! /> g ,draconis1 also call$ ,etan91 is fam\s 9 mod]n a/ronomy1 because obs]vations on ?is /> l$ to ! discov]y ( ! ab]ration ( light4 ,if we held a glass tube p]p5dicul>ly out ( ! w9d[ ( a c> at re/1 :5 ! ra9 0 fall+ /raight d[n1 we c\ld see ! drops pass directly ?r\gh4 ,put ! c> 9 motion1 & ! drops w\ld seem to />t t[>d u1 & ! top ( ! tube mu/ be b5t =w>d1 or ! drops ent]+ w\ld /rike on ! backside ( ! tube c>ri$ t[>d !m4 ,s our telescopes are b5t =w>d on ! mov+ e>?1 to enable ! ent]$ light to rea* ! eye-piece4 ,h5ce ! /> does n appe> j :]e x is4 ,z ! e>? moves fa/] 9 "s p>ts ( its orbit ?an o!rs1 ?is ab]ration is sometimes great] ?an at o!rs4 ,x is =tunate t light moves ) a uni=m velocity1 or ?is difficult1 problem w\ld be /ill fur!r complicat$4 ,! displacem5t ( a /> f ?is c\rse is ab\t #bj4dc4 ,page #bjj ,on ! side ( ,pol>is1 opposite to ,ursa ,major1 is ,k+ ,cepheus1 made ( a few dim />s 9 ! =m ( ! lett] ,k4 ,ne> by is 8 brilliant wife ,cassiopeia1 sitt+ on h] ?rone ( /ate4 ,!y 7 ! graceless p>5ts :o *a9$ _! daught] to a rock = ! sea-mon/] to dev\r2 b ,p]seus1 swift ) ! w+$ s&als ( ,m]cury1 t]rible ) 8 av5g+ sword1 & inv9cible ) ! sev]$ head ( ,m$usa1 ^: horrid aspect ( snaky hair & scaly body turn$ to /one e behold]1 rescues ! maid5 f *a9s1 & leads h] away by ! b&s ( love4 ,no?+ c\ld be m poetical ?an ! life ( ,p]seus4 ,:5 he w5t to de/roy ! dreadful ,gorgon1 ,m$usa1 ,pluto l5t him 8 helmet1 :i* w\ld make him invisible at w2 ,m9]va loan$ h] buckl]1 imp5etrable1 & poli%$ l a mirror2 ,m]cury gave him a dagg] ( diamonds1 & 8 w+$ s&als1 :i* w\ld c>ry him ?r\gh ! air4 ,com+ to ! loa?some ?+1 he w\ld n look ^u h]1 le/ he1 too1 be turn$ to /one2 b1 guid$ by ! reflection 9 ! buckl]1 smote (f h] head1 c>ri$ x high ov] ,libya1 ! dropp+ blood turn+ to s]p5ts1 :i* h infe/$ ^? des]ts ev] s9ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fg4--;,circumpol> ,con/ellations4 ,always visible4 ,9 ?is position4--,janu>y #bj?1 at #aj o'clock2 ,febru>y #d?1 at #i o'clock2 & ,febru>y #ai?1 at #h o'clock4 ,! human m9d has always be5 ready to deify & ?rone 9 ! skies ! h]oes t labor = o!rs4 ,bo? ,p]seus & ,h]cules are div9e by "o p>5t1 & human by ! o!r4 ,!y g up & d[n ! e>?1 giv+ deliv]ance to captives1 & break+ e yoke4 ,!y also seek to purge away all evil2 !y slay dragons1 gorgons1 dev\r+ mon/]s1 cleanse ! f\l places ( e>?1 & "o ( !m s wre/les ) dea? z to w9 a victim f 8 grasp4 ,f9ally1 by ,page #bja an asc5sion 9 light1 !y g up to be 9 light =ev]4 ,!y are n ideally p]fect4 ,!y "r wrong by slay+ wrong-do]s1 r ?an by be+ crucifi$ !mselves2 !y are j murd]]s2 b t only plucks ! fruit f ! tree ( evil4 ,!y nev] attempt$ to infuse a holy life4 ,!y puni%$ r ?an reg5]at$4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 also1 t !y 7 n s9less4 ,b !y 7 ! be/ saviors ! race c\ld imag9e1 & are examples ( t p]petual ef=t ( ! human m9d to inc>nate a ,div9e ,help] :o %all labor & die = ! good ( m54 ,page #bjb ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fh4--;,algol is on ! ,m]idian1 #ea ,s\? ( ,pole4--,at #aj o'clock1 ,decemb] #g?2 #i o'clock1 ,decemb] #bb;d2 #h o'clock1 ,janu>y #e?4 ,equatorial ,con/ellations4 ,if we turn our backs on ,pol>is on ! #aj? ( ,novemb]1 at #aj o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 & look directly ov]head1 we %all see ! beautiful con/ellation ( ,&rom$a4 ,toge!r ) ! squ>e ( ,pegasus1 x makes ano!r enorm\s dipp]4 ,! /> a ,alph]atz is 9 h] face1 ! ?ree at ! left cross h] brea/4 b & ! two above m>k ! girdle ( h] lo9s1 & g is 9 ! foot4 ,p]seus is ne> en\gh = help2 & ,cetus1 ! sea-mon/]1 is f> en\gh away to d no h>m4 ,bel[1 & ea/ ( ,&rom$a1 is ! ,ram ( ! gold5 fleece1 recognizable by ! ?ree />s 9 an acute triangle4 ,! brighte/ is call$ ,arietis1 or ,hamel4 ,ea/ ( ?is are ! ,pleiades1 & ! ,v-%ap$ ,hyades 9 ,taurus1 or ! ,bull4 ,! ,pleiades rise ab\t #i o'clock on ! ev5+ ( ! #aj? ( ,septemb]1 & at #c o'clock ,a4,m4 on ,june #aj?4 ,page #bjc ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fi4--;,capella 7#de f ! ,pole7 & ,rigel 7#ajj7 are on ! ,m]idian at #h o'clock ,febru>y #g?1 #i o'clock ,janu>y #bb;d1 & at #aj o'clock ,janu>y #g?4 ,fig4 #fi ext5ds ea/ & s\? ( our la/ map4 ,x is ! mo/ gorge\s section ( our heav5s4 7,see ! ,notes to ! ,frontispiece47 ,note ! triangle1 #bf on a side1 made by ,betelguese1 ,sirius1 & ,procyon4 ,a l9e f ,procyon to ,pollux leads q ne> to ,pol>is4 ,orion is ! mighty hunt]4 ,"u 8 feet is a h>e1 beh9d him are two dogs1 & be=e him is ! ru%+ bull4 ,! curve ( />s to ! "r ( ,bellatrix1 g1 repres5ts 8 %ield ( ! ,nemean lion's hide4 ,! ?ree />s ( 8 belt make a measure #c long2 ! upp] "o1 ,m9tak]1 is less ?an #cj' s\? ( ! equ9octial4 ,! ecliptic passes betwe5 ,aldeb>an & ! ,pleiades4 ,sirius rises ab\t #i o'clock ,p4,m4 on ! #a/ ( ,decemb]1 & ab\t #d o'clock ,a4,m4 on ! #af? ( ,augu/4 ,procyon rises ab\t half an h\r e>li]4 ,page #bjd ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gj--,regulus comes on ! ,m]idian1 #gi s\? f ! ,pole1 at #aj o'clock ,m>* #bc;d1 #i o'clock ,april #h?1 & at #h o'clock ,april #bc;d4 ,fig4 #gj cont9ues ea/w>d4 ,note ! sickle 9 ! head & neck ( ! ,lion4 ,! /> b is ,d5ebola1 9 8 tail4 ,arcturus appe>s by ! ^w ,bootes1 at ! edge ( ! map4 ,^! two />s make a triangle ) ,spica1 ab\t #ce on a side4 ,! geometric head ( ,hydra is easily disc]nible ea/ ( ,procyon3 ,! /> g 9 ! ,virg9 is d\ble1 ) a p]iod ( #ade ye>s4 z is j above ! equ9octial4 ,!re is a f9e nebula two-?irds ( ! way f d to ae1 & a little above ! l9e connect+ ! two4 ,coma ,b]5ices is a beautiful clu/] ( fa9t />s4 ,spica rises at #i o'clock on ! #aj? ( ,febru>y1 at #e o'clock ,a4,m4 on ! #f? ( ,novemb]4 ,page #bje ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gl4--,arcturus comes to ! ,m]idian1 #gj f ! ,pole1 at #aj o'clock ,may #be?1 #i o'clock ,june #i?1 & at #h o'clock ,june #be?4 ,fig4 #ga repres5ts ! sky to ! ea/w>d & nor?w>d ( ! la/4 ,a l9e drawn f ,pol>is & ,b5etnas* comes ea/ ( ,arcturus to ! little triangle call$ 8 sons4 ,bootes drives ! ,great ,be> r\nd ! pole4 ,arcturus & ,d5ebola make a triangle ) a1 also call$ ,cor ,coroli1 9 ! ,hunt+ ,dogs4 ,?is triangle1 & ! "o hav+ ! same base1 ) ,spica = its apex1 is call$ ! ,diamond ( ! ,virg94 ,h]cules appe>s head d[n--a 9 ! face1 b1 g1 d2 9 8 %\ld]s1 p2 & ae2 9 ! lo9s1 t 9 ! knee1 ! foot be+ b5t to ! />s at ! "r4 ,! ,s]p5t's head1 mak+ an ,x1 is j at ! "r ( ! g ( ,h]cules1 & ! p>tial circle ( ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n above4 ,! head ( ,draco is se5 at b on ! left ( ! map4 ,arcturus rises at #i o'clock ab\t ! #bj? ( ,febru>y1 & at #e ,a4,m4 on ! #bb;d ( ,octob]2 ,regulus #c;h4 #cem4 ,e>li]4 ,page #bjf ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gb4--;,altair comes to ! ,m]idian1 #hb f ! ,pole1 at #aj o'clock ,p4,m4 ,augu/ #ah?1 at #i o'clock ,septemb] #b;d1 & at #h o'clock ,septemb] #ah?4 ,fig4 #gb portrays ! />s ea/w>d & s\?w>d4 ,scorpio is "o ( ! mo/ brilliant & easily trac$ con/ellations4 ,ant>es1 a1 9 ! he>t1 is d\ble4 ,9 ,sagitt>ius is ! ,little ,milk-dipp]1 & we/ ( x ! b5d$ b[4 ,vega is at ! top ( ! map4 ,ne> x obs]ve z1 a d\ble1 & e1 a quadruple />4 ,! po9t to :i* ! sol> sy/em is t5d+ is m>k$ by ! sign ( ! e>? bel[ p2 ,h]culis4 ,! ,s]p5t1 we/ ( ,h]cules1 & coil$ r\nd ne>ly to ,aquila1 is v traceable4 ,9 ! "r-h& l[] corn] is ! ,c5taur4 ,bel[1 & always out ( our sight1 is ! fam\s a ,c5tauri4 ,! diamond =m ( ! ,dolph9 is sometimes call$ ,job's ,c(f94 ,! ecliptic passes close ,page #bjg to b ( ,scorpio1 :i* /> is 9 ! head4 ,ant>es1 9 ,scorpio1 rises at #i o'clock ,p4,m4 on ,may #i?1 & at #e o'clock ,a4,m4 on ,janu>y #e?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gc4--;,fomalhaut comes to ! ,m]idian1 only #ag f ! horizon1 at #h o'clock ,novemb] #d?4 ,9 ,fig4 #gc we recognize ! famili> />s ( ,pegasus1 :i* tell u we h gone q r\nd ! heav5s4 ,note ! beautiful cross 9 ! ,swan4 b 9 ! bill is nam$ ,albireo1 & is a beautiful d\ble to almo/ any glass4 ,its yell[ & blue colors are v di/9ct4 ,! place ( ! fam\s d\ble /> #fa ,cygni is se54 ,! fir/ magnitude /> 9 ! l[] left-h& corn] is ,fomalhaut1 9 ! ,s\!rn ,fi%4 a ,pegasi is 9 ! diagonal corn] f ,alph>etz1 9 ,&rom$a4 ,! /> bel[ ,altair is b ,aquil1 & is call$ ,als*a92 ! "o above is g ,aquil1 nam$ ,t>az$4 ,?is is n a brilliant section ( ! sky4 ,altair rises at #i o'clock on ! #bi? ( ,may1 & at #f o'clock ,a4,m4 on ! #aa? ( ,janu>y4 ,page #bjh ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gd4--,s\!rn ,circumpol> ,con/ellations invisible nor? ( ! ,equator4 ,fig4 #gd gives ! />s t are nev] se5 by p]sons nor? ( ! e>?'s equator4 ,9 ! ,%ip is brilliant ,canopus1 & ! rem>kable v>iable ae4 ,bel[ x is ! beautiful ,s\!rn ,cross1 ne> ! pole ( ! s\!rn heav5s4 ,j bel[ are ! two fir/ magnitude />s ,bungala1 a1 & ,a*]n>1 b1 ( ! ,c5taur4 ,su* a numb] ( unusually brilliant />s give ! s\!rn sky an unequall$ spl5dor4 ,9 ! mid/ ( !m1 z if = contra/1 is ! d>k hole1 call$ by ! sailors ! ,coal-sack1 :]e ev5 ! telescope reveals no sign ( light4 ,"h1 also1 are ! two ,magellanic cl\ds1 bo? easily disc]nible by ! nak$ eye2 ! l>g] two hundr$ times ! app>5t size ( ! moon1 ly+ betwe5 ! pole & ,canopus1 & ! o!r betwe5 ,a*]n> & ! pole4 ,! small] cl\d is only "o-f\r? ! size ( ! o!r4 ,bo? are mo/ly resolvable into gr\ps ( />s f ! fif? to ! fifte5? magnitude4 ,page #bji ,= easy out-door f9d+ ( ! />s above ! horizon at any "t1 see />-maps at end ( ! book4 ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,/>s4 ,su* a sup]ficial exam9ation ( />s z we h made sc>cely t\*es ! subject4 ,x is z ! /udy ( ! baptismal regi/]1 :]e ! names 7 anci5tly record$1 )\t any k ( individuals4 ,! heav5s signify mu* m to u ?an to ! ,greeks4 ,we revolve "u a dome t inve/igation has inf9itely enl>g$ f _! e/imate4 ,_! little lights 7 turn$ by clumsy ma*9]y1 held toge!r by mat]ial connections4 ,our va/ worlds are connect$ by a =ce s f9e t x seems to pass out ( ! realm ( ! mat]ial into t ( ! spiritual4 ,animal f]ocity or a human ,h]cules c\ld image _! idea ( p[]4 ,ours f9ds no symbol1 b rises to ! ,almighty4 ,_! heav5s 7 full ( fight+ ,orions1 wild bulls1 *a9$ ,&rom$as1 & dev\r+ mon/]s4 ,our heav5s are significant ( h>mony & unity2 all worlds c>ri$ by "o =ce1 & all h>moniz$ into p]fect music4 ,all _! voices bl5d _! v>i\s significations into a p]sonal speak+1 :i* says1 ,ha/ ?\ n he>d t ! ev]la/+ ,god1 ! ,"l1 ! creator ( ! ends ( ! e>?1 fa9te? n1 nei!r is we>y8 ,!re is no se>*+ ( 8 und]/&+4 ,lift up y\r eyes on high1 & behold :o ha? creat$ all ^! ?+s1 t br\ght out _! ho/ by numb]1 t calle? !m all by _! names 9 ! greatness ( 8 p[]2 = t he is /rong 9 p[] n "o faile?4 ,page #baj ,numb]4 ,we f9d ab\t five ?\s& />s visible to ! nak$ eye 9 ! :ole heav5s1 bo? nor? & s\?4 ,( ^! tw5ty are ( ! fir/ magnitude1 sixty-five ( ! second1 two hundr$ ( ! ?ird1 f\r hundr$ ( ! f\r?1 elev5 hundr$ ( ! fif?1 & ?ree ?\s& two hundr$ ( ! six?4 ,we ?9k we c easily numb] ! />s2 b tra9 a six-in* telescope on a little section ( ! ,tw9s1 :]e six fa9t />s are visible1 & ov] ?ree ?\s& lum9\s po9ts appe>4 ,! sev5? magnitude has #ac1jjj />s2 ! eigh?1 #dj1jjj2 ! n9?1 #adb1jjj4 ,!re are #ah1jjj1jjj />s 9 ! zone call$ ! ,milky ,way4 ,:5 our eyes are n s5sitive en\gh to be affect$ by ! light ( f>-(f />s ! ta/imetre feels _! heat1 & tells u ! ^w ( _! ,mak] is true--!y are innum]able499 ,footnote 993 ,telescopic ,"w4--,look at ! ,hyades & ,pleiades 9 ,taurus4 ,notice ! diff]5t colors ( />s 9 !m bo?4 ,f9d ! clu/] ,prsepe 9 ,fig4 #gj1 j a trifle above a po9t midway betwe5 ,procyon & ,regulus4 ,x is equally di/ant f ,procyon & a po9t a little bel[ ,pollux4 ,sweep along ! ,milky ,way almo/ any:]e1 & obs]ve ! di/ribution ( />s2 9 "s places p]fect cr[ds1 9 o!rs m sp>sely scatt]$4 ,f9d ) ! nak$ eye ! ri* clu/] 9 ,p]seus4 ,draw a l9e f ,algol to a ( ,p]seus 7,fig4 #fg72 turn at "r angles to ! "r1 at a di/ance ( once & f\r-t5?s ! fir/ l9e a brightness w be se54 ,! telescope reveals a gorge\s clu/]4 ,d\ble & ,multiple ,/>s4 ,if we look up dur+ ! summ] mon?s ne>ly ov]head at ! /> e ,lyra1 ea/ ( ,vega 7,fig4 #gb71 we %all see ) ! nak$ eye t ! /> appe>s a little ,page #baa elongat$4 ,turn y\r op]a-glass ^u x1 & two />s appe>4 ,turn a l>g] telescope on ?is d\ble />1 & ea* ( ! compon5ts sep>ate into two4 ,x is a d\ble d\ble />4 ,we "k t if two />s are ne> 9 reality1 & n simply app>5tly s by be+ 9 ! same l9e ( sight1 !y mu/ revolve ar\nd a common c5tre ( gravity1 or ru% to a common ru94 ,eag]ly we wat* to see if !y revolve4 ,a few ye>s suffice to %[ !m 9 actual revolution4 ,nay1 ! movem5t ( revolution has be5 decid$ be=e ! companion /> 0 discov]$4 ,sirius has long be5 kn[n to h a prop] motion1 su* z x w\ld h if ano!r sun 7 revolv+ ab\t x4 ,ev5 ! direction ( ! unse5 body c\ld always be indicat$4 ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahfb1 ,alvan ,cl>k1 arti/1 poet1 & mak] ( telescopes 7:i* requires ev5 great] g5ius ?an to be bo? poet & arti/71 discov]$ ! companion ( ,sirius j 9 its pr$ict$ place4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 "o ( ,mr4 ,cl>k's sons saw x fir/2 b _! fame is "o4 ,! "t ( revolution ( ?is pair is fifty ye>s4 ,b "o companion does n meet ! conditions ( ! movem5ts4 ,"h mu/ also be "o or m planets too small or d>k to be se54 ,! d\ble /> x 9 ! ,great ,be> 7see ,fig4 #gj7 makes a revolution 9 fifty-eight ye>s4 ,procyon moves 9 an orbit :i* requires ! pres5ce ( a companion />1 b x has z yet elud$ our se>*4 ,ca/or is a d\ble />2 b a ?ird /> or planet1 z yet undiscov]$1 is requir$ to acc\nt = its p]turbations4 ,m5 :o discov]$ ,neptune by ! p]turbations ( ,uranus are capable ( judg+ ! cause ( ! p]turbations ( suns4 ,we h spok5 ( ,page #bab ! :ole orbit ( ! e>? be+ invisible f ! />s4 ,! ne>e/ /> 9 our nor!rn hemisph]e1 #fa ,cygni1 is a telescopic d\ble />2 ! con/itu5t p>ts ( x are =ty-five times z f> f ea* o!r z ! e>? is f ! sun1 yet x takes a l>ge telescope to %[ any di/ance betwe5 ! />s499 ,footnote 993 ,telescopic ,"w4--,only su* "w w be laid out "h z c be done by small telescopes ( f two to f\r in* object-glasses4 ,! numb]s 9 ,fig4 #ge correspond to ^? ( ! table4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,di/4 (,magni- ,no4 ,"n4 ,fig4 ,p>ts4 tudes4 ,rem>ks4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #a4 e ,lyr #gb #a' #ef ,quadruple4 #b4 z ,lyr #gb #dd #e #f ,topaz & gre54 #c4 b ,cygni #gc #cd-a_/bc #f ,yell[ & blue4 #d4 #fa ,cygni #gc #bj #e #f ,ne>e/ /> b "o4 #e4 ,miz> #fg #ad #c #d ,bo? :ite4 #f4 ,pol>is #fg #ah-a_/bb #i ,te/ object ( eye & glass4 #g4 r ,orionis ,frontispiece4 #g #e #h ,yell[ & blue4 #h4 b ,orionis #i #a #h ,rigel4 #i4 d #aj #b #h ,r$ & :ite4 #aj4 ? ,septuple4 #aa4 l #e ,:ite & violet4 #ab4 s ,a1 ,b4 #aa #d #aj,octuple4 #ac4 ,ca/or #fi #e-a_/bb #c ,:ite4 #ad4 ,pollux #fi ,triple,orange1 gray1 lilac4 #ae4 g ,virg9is #gj #e #c #c ,bo? yell[4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,:5 g ,virg9is 0 obs]v$ 9 #agah by ,bradley1 ! compon5t p>ts 7 #g asund]4 ,he incid5tally rem>k$ 9 8 note-book t ! l9e ( _! connection 0 p>allel to ! l9e ( ! two />s ,spica1 or a & d ,virg9is4 ,by #ahdj !y 7 n m ?an #a ap>t1 & ! l9e ( _! connection greatly *ang$4 ,! appe>ance ( ! /> is giv5 9 ,fig4 #ge 7#ae71 comm5c+ at ! left1 = ! ye>s #ahcg '#ch '#ci '#dj '#de '#ej '#fj & '#gi4 also a conjectural ,page #bac orbit1 plac$ obliquely1 & ! position ( ! />s at ! times m5tion$1 comm5c+ at ! top4 ,! "t ( its complete revolution is "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ge4--;,aspects & ,revolution ( ,d\ble ,/>s4 ,! mean+ ( ^! d\ble />s is t two or m suns revolve ab\t _! c5tre ( gravity1 z ! moon & e>? ab\t _! c5tre4 ,if !y h planets1 z d\btless !y h1 ! movem5t is no m complicat$ ?an ! planets we call satellites ( ,saturn revolv+ ab\t _! c5tral body1 & also ab\t ! sun4 ,k9dle ,saturn & ,jupit] to a blaze1 or let out _! possible light1 & our sy/em w\ld appe> a triple /> 9 ! di/ance4 ,d\btless1 9 ! f> pa/1 be=e ^! giant planets 7 cool$1 x s appe>$4 ,we f9d "s />s d\ble1 o!rs triple1 quadruple1 octuple1 & multiple4 ,x is an ext5sion ( ! same pr9ciples t gov]n our sy/em4 ,"s ( ^! suns are s f> asund] t !y c sw+ _! ,neptunes betwe5 !m1 ) less p]turbation ?an ,uranus & ,neptune h 9 ours4 ,light all our planets1 & !re w\ld be a multiple /> ) m or less suns se51 ,page #bad accord+ to ! p[] ( ! in/rum5t4 ,p]haps ! octuple /> s 9 ,orion diff]s 9 no respect f our sy/em1 except 9 ! size & di/ance ( its sep>ate bodies1 & less cool+1 ei!r f be+ y\ng]1 or f ! l>g] bodies cool+ m sl[ly4 ,suns are ( all ages4 ,inf9ite v>iety fills ! sky4 ,x is z prepo/]\s to expect t e sy/em or _w %\ld h analog\s circum/ances to ours at ! pres5t "t1 z to insi/ t e memb] ( a family %\ld be ( ! same age1 & 9 ! same /ate ( developm5t4 ,!re are worlds t h n yet rea*$ ! conditions ( habitability by m51 & worlds t h pass$ ^! conditions long s9ce4 ,let !m g4 ,!re are en\gh left1 & an inf9ite numb] 9 ! c\rse ( prep>ation4 ,"s are f9e & la/+ en\gh to be et]nal mansions4 ,color$ ,/>s4 ,9 ! cl\dy morn+ we get only r$ light1 b ! sun is :ite4 ,s ,aldeb>an & ,betelguese may be girt by vapors1 t only ! /rong r$ rays c pass4 ,aga91 an iron mod]ately heat$ gives out dull r$ light2 becom+ hott]1 x emits :ite light4 ,sirius1 ,regulus1 ,vega1 & ,spica may be :ite f great] int5sity ( vibration4 ,procyon1 ,capella1 & ,pol>is are yell[ f less int5sity ( vibration4 ,aga91 burn salt 9 a :ite flame1 & x turns to yell[2 mix alcohol & boracic acid1 ignite !m1 & a beautiful gre5 flame results2 alcohol & nitrate ( /rontia give r$ flame2 alcohol & nitrate ( b>ytes give yell[ flame4 ,s ! composition ( a sun1 or ! special developm5t ( anyone sub/ance !re( at any "t1 may det]m9e ! color ( a />4 ,page #bae ,! special glory ( color 9 ! />s is se5 9 ! m>k$ contra/s pres5t$ 9 ! d\ble & multiple />s4 ,! l>g] /> is usually :ite1 /ill 9 ! int5sity ( heat & vibration2 ! o!rs1 small]1 are some:at cool$ (f1 & h5ce pres5t colors l[] d[n ! scale ( vibration1 z gre51 yell[1 orange1 & ev5 r$4 ,t />s %\ld *ange color is mo/ natural4 ,_m causes w\ld produce ?is effect4 ,! anci5ts said ,sirius 0 r$4 ,x is n[ :ite4 ,! *ange t w\ld mo/ naturally foll[ m]e age & cool+ w\ld be f :ite1 ?r\gh v>i\s colors1 to r$4 ,we are *>m$ ) ! v>iegat$ fl[]s ( our g>d5s ( e>?1 b he :o makes ! fields blu% ) fl[]s "u ! w>m kisses ( ! sun has plant$ 8 wid] g>d5s ( space ) color$ />s4 ,! ra9b[ fl[]s ( ! foot/ool1 & ! />ry fl[]s ( ! ?rone1 proclaim "o be+ z ! au?or ( !m all4 ,clu/]s ( ,/>s4 ,f d\ble & multiple we naturally come to gr\ps & clu/]s4 ,allusion has be5 made to ! ,hyades1 ,pleiades1 etc4 ,ev]yone has notic$ ! ,milky ,way4 ,x seems l two irregul> /reams ( compact$ />s4 ,x is n suppos$ t !y are necess>ily ne>] toge!r ?an ! />s 9 ! sp>se regions ab\t ! pole4 ,b ! #ah1jjj1jjj suns belong+ to our sy/em are arrang$ )9 a space repres5t$ by a flatt5$ disk4 ,if "o hundr$ lights1 ?ree in*es ap>t1 are arrang$ on a hoop t5 feet 9 diamet]1 !y w\ld be 9 a circle4 ,add a ?\s& or two m ! same di/ance ap>t1 fill+ up ! c5tre1 & ,page #baf ext5d+ a few in*es on ea* side ( ! inn] plane ( ! hoop3 an eye 9 ! c5tre1 look+ out t[>d ! edge1 w\ld see a milky way ( lights2 look+ out t[>d ! sides or poles1 w\ld see comp>atively few4 ,x w\ld seem z if ?is oblate sph]oidal arrangem5t 0 ! result ( a revolution ( all ! suns compos+ ! sy/em4 ,jupit] & e>? are flatt5$ at ! poles = ! same reason4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gf4--,spray$ ,clu/] bel[ ae 9 ,h]cules4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gg4--;,globul> ,clu/]4 ,9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! heav5s !re are small globul> well-def9$ clu/]s1 & clu/]s v irregul> 9 =m1 m>k$ ) sprays ( />s4 ,!re is a clu/] ( ?is latt] class 9 ,h]cules1 j "u ! ,s1 9 ,fig4 #gb4 ,probably no "o ev] saw x ) a good telescope )\t a %\t ( wond]4 ,"h is a clu/] ( ! =m] class repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #gg4 ,! noble globul> clu/]1 o ,c5tauri is beyond all comp>ison ! ri*e/ & l>ge/ object ( ! k9d 9 ! heav5s4 ,its />s are lit]ally innum]able2 & z _! total light1 :5 receiv$ by ! nak$ eye1 affects x h>dly m ?an a /> ( ! fif? to f\r? ,page #bag magnitude1 ! m9ut5ess ( ea* /> may be imag9$4 ,!re are two possibilities ( ?\ght conc]n+ ^! clu/]s4 ,ei!r t !y belong to our /ell> sy/em1 & h5ce ! />s mu/ be small & "y1 or !y are ano!r univ]se ( millions ( suns1 s f> way t ! inconceivable di/ances betwe5 ! />s are %runk5 to a h&'s-bread?1 & _! unbe>able spl5dor ( innum]able suns c only make a gray haze at ! di/ance at :i* we behold !m4 ,! latt] is ! old] & gr&] ?\ght2 ! =m] ! new] & bett] sub/antiat$4 ,nebul4 ,! gorge\s clu/]s we h be5 consid]+ appe> to ! eye or ! small telescope z little cl\dlets ( hazy light4 ,"o aft] ano!r 7 resolv$ into />s2 & ! natural conclusion 01 t all w\ld yield & reveal !mselves to be clu/]$ suns1 :5 we _h telescopes ( suffici5t p[]4 ,b ! spectroscope1 see+ n m]ely =m b sub/ance also1 %[s t "s ( !m are n />s 9 any s5se1 b masses ( gl[+ gas4 ,two ( ^! nebul are visible to ! nak$ eye3 "o 9 ,&rom$a 7see ,fig4 #fh71 & "o ar\nd ! middle /> ( ! sword ( ,orion1 %[n 9 ,fig4#gh4 ,a ?ree-in* telescope resolves ? ,orionis into ! fam\s trapezium1 & a n9e-in* in/rum5t sees two />s m4 ,! %ape ( ! nebula is *angeable1 & is h>dly sugge/ive ( ! m\ld+ influ5ce ( gravitation4 ,x is probably compos$ ( gl[+ nitrog5 & hydrog5 gases4 ,nebul are ( all conceivable %apes--circul>1 annul>1 oval1 l5ticul>1 ,page #bah conical1 spiral1 snake-l1 loop$1 & nameless4 ,comp>e ! sprays ( ! ,crab nebul above z ,tauri1 se5 9 ,fig4 #gi1 & ! r+ nebula1 ,fig4 #hj4 ,?is la/ possibly consi/s ( />s1 & is situat$1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ha1 midway betwe5 b & g ,lyr4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gh4--,! great ,nebula ab\t ! multiple ,/> ? ,orionis4 7,see ,frontispiece47 ,:5 ,h]s*el 0 sweep+ ! heav5s ) 8 telescope1 & saw b few />s1 he (t5 said to 8 assi/ant1 ,prep>e to write2 ! nebul are com+4 ,!y are mo/ abundant :]e ! />s are lea/ s4 ,a zone ab\t ! heav5s #cj wide1 ) ! ,milky ,way 9 ! c5tre1 w\ld include "o-f\r? ( ! cele/ial sph]e2 b in/ead ( "o-f\r?1 we f9d n9e-t5?s ,page #bai ( ! />s 9 ?is zone1 & b "o-t5? ( ! nebul4 ,^! imm5se masses ( unorganiz$ matt] are notic$ to *ange _! =ms1 v>y _! light greatly1 b n quickly2 !y *ange ?r\gh ! ages4 ,god works sl[ly4 ,he takes a ?\s& ye>s to lift 8 h& (f4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gi4--;,crab ,nebula1 ne> z ,tauri4 7,see ,frontispiece47 ,!re are _m unsolv$ problems connect$ ) ^! /range bodies4 ,:e!r !y belong to our sy/em1 or are beyond x1 is n settl$2 ! weight ( evid5ce leans to ! fir/ view4 ,page #bbj ,v>iable ,/>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hj4--,! ,r+ ,nebula4 ,our sun gives a v>iable am\nt ( light1 *ang+ ?r\gh a p]iod ( elev5 ye>s4 ,probably e />1 if exam9$ by me?ods suffici5tly delicate & exact1 w\ld be f\nd to be v>iable4 ,! v>iations ( "s ,page #bba />s are s m>k$ z to *all5ge inve/igation4 b ,lyr 7,fig4 #ha7 has two maxima & m9ima ( light4 ,9 ?ree days x rises f magnitude #d-a_/b to #c-a_/b2 9 a week falls to #d1 & rises to #c-a_/b2 & 9 ?ree days m drops to #d-a_/b3 x makes all ^! *anges 9 ?irte5 days2 b ?is p]iod is con/antly increas+4 ,! v>iations ( "o hundr$ & =ty-?ree />s h be5 well asc]ta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ha4--;,con/ellation ,lyra1 %[+ place ( ! ,r+ ,nebula4 ,mira1 or ! ,wond]ful1 9 ! ,:ale 7,fig4 #fh71 is easily f\nd :5 visible4 ,align f ,capella to ! ,pleiades1 & z mu* f>!r1 & f\r />s w be se51 situat$ ?us3 99 99 99 99 ,! "r-h& "o is ,mira4 ,= half a mon? x %9es z a /> ( ! second magnitude4 ,!n = ?ree mon?s x fades away1 & lo/ to sight2 go+ d[n ev5 to ! elev5? magnitude4 ,b aft] five mon?s its resurrection morn+ mes2 & 9 ?ree mon?s m--elev5 mon?s 9 all--our ,wond]ful is 9 its full glory 9 ! heav5s4 ,x its p]iod & brilliancy are also v>iable4 ,! /> ,megrez1 d 9 ! ,great ,be>1 has be5 gr[+ dim ,page #bbb = a c5tury4 ,9 #ahcf ,betelguese 0 exce$+ly v>iable1 & cont9u$ s till #ahdj1 :5 ! *anges became mu* less conspicu\s4 ,algol 7,fig4 #fh7 has be5 already ref]r$ to4 ,?is sl[ly w9k+ eye is ( ! second magnitude dur+ #b;d4 #ad;h4 ,!n x dozes (f t[>d sleep = #d;h4 #bdm41 :5 x is ne>ly invisible4 ,x wakes up dur+ ! same "t2 s t its p]iod f maximum brilliancy to ! same /ate aga9 is #b;d4 #bj;h4 #dhm4 ,its recognizable *anges are )9 five or six h\rs4 ,z ,i write1 ,m>* #be?1 #ahgi1 ,algol gives its m9imum light at #i;h4 #cfm4 ,p4,m4 ,x passes fifte5 m9ima 9 #dc;d4 #acm4 ,!re w !re=e be ano!r m9imum ,may #g?1 at #i;h4 #dim4 ,its future p]iods are easy to e/imate4 ,p]haps x has "s d>k body revolv+ ab\t x at frightful spe$1 9 a p]iod ( less ?an ?ree days4 ,! p]iod ( its v>iability is gr[+ %ort] at an increas+ rate4 ,if its v>iability is caus$ by a d>k body revolv+ ab\t x1 ! orbit ( t body is contract+1 & ! huge satellite w soon1 z cele/ial p]iods are reckon$1 comm5ce to graze ! surface ( ! sun itself1 reb\nd aga9 & aga91 & at l5g? plunge itself into ! c5tral fire4 ,su* an ev5t w\ld evolve heat en\gh to make ,algol flame up into a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 & p]haps out-blaze ,sirius or ,capella 9 our w9t] sky4 ,none ( ! causes = ^! *anges we h be5 able to conjecture seem v satisfactory4 ,! />s may h opaque planets revolv+ ab\t !m1 %utt+ (f _! light2 !y may rotate1 & h unequally illum9at$ sides2 !y may revolve 9 v elliptical orbits1 s z to greatly alt] _! di/ance f u2 !y may be s situat$ 9 reg>d to zones ( meteorites z ,page #bbc to call d[n p]iodically va/ %[]s2 b none or all ( ^! suppositions apply to all cases1 if !y d to any4 ,tempor>y1 ,new1 & ,lo/ ,/>s4 ,besides regul> movem5ts to "r & left1 up & d[n1 to & f u--*anges 9 ! int5sity ( illum9ation by *anges ( di/ance--besides v>iations occurr+ at regul> & asc]ta9able int]vals1 !re are />s call$ tempor>y1 %9+ a:ile & !n disappe>+2 new1 com+ to a def9ite brightness1 & s rema9+2 & lo/1 ^? ^: fir/ appe>ance 0 n obs]v$1 b :i* h utt]ly disappe>$4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #aegb1 a new /> blaz$ out 9 ,cassiopeia4 ,its place is %[n 9 ,fig4 #fg1 * g be+ ! />s d 99 g * 9 ! seat ( ! *air1 & d be+ ! fir/ "o 9 ! back4 ,?is /> 0 visible at noonday1 & 0 bright] ?an any o!r /> 9 ! heav5s4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #aegc1 x 0 less bright ?an ,jupit]2 9 ,april x 0 bel[ ! second magnitude1 & ! la/ ( ,may x utt]ly disappe>$4 ,x 0 z v>iable 9 color z 9 brilliancy4 ,dur+ its fir/ two mon?s1 ! p]iod ( greate/ brightness1 x 0 dazzl+ :ite1 !n became yell[1 & f9ally z r$ z ,m>s or ,aldeb>an1 & s expir$4 ,a bright /> 0 se5 v ne> to ! place ( ! ,pilgrim1 z ! /> ( #aegb 0 call$1 9 ,a4,d4 #ide & #abfd4 ,a /> ( ! t5? magnitude is n[ se5 bright5+ sl[ly almo/ exactly 9 ! same place4 ,x is possible t ?is is a v>iable /> ( a p]iod ( ab\t ?ree hundr$ & t5 ye>s1 & w blaze out aga9 ab\t #ahhe4 ,b we h _h1 )9 a few ye>s1 f9e opportunities ,page #bbd to /udy1 ) improv$ in/rum5ts1 two new />s2 ,on ! ev5+ ( ,may #ab?1 #ahff1 a /> ( ! second magnitude 0 obs]v$ 9 ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n1 :]e no /> above ! fif? magnitude _h be5 tw5ty-f\r h\rs be=e4 ,9 ,argel&]'s *>t a /> ( ! t5? magnitude occupies ! place4 ,may #ac? x _h decl9$ to ! ?ird magnitude1 ,may #af? to ! f\r?1 ,may #ag? to ! fif?1 ,may #ai? to ! sev5?1 ,may #ca/ to ! n9?1 & has s9ce dim9i%$ to ! t5?4 ,! spectroscope %[$ x to be a /> 9 ! usual condition2 b ?r\gh ! usual color$ spectrum1 cross$ ) bright l9es1 %one f\r bright l9es1 two ( :i* indicat$ gl[+ hydrog54 ,"h 0 pl5ty ( pro( t an unusual am\nt ( ?is gas _h giv5 ?is sun its sudd5 flame4 ,z ! hydrog5 burn$ out ! /> grew dim4 ,two !ories imm$iately pres5t$ !mselves3 ,fir/1 t va/ volumes _h be5 lib]at$ f )9 ! orb by "s sudd5 break+ up ( ! doors ( its great deeps2 or1 second1 ?is /> _h precipitat$ ^u itself1 by attraction1 "s o!r sun or planet1 ! =ce ( ^: impact _h be5 *ang$ into heat4 ,?\gh we see ! lib]at$ hydrog5 ( our sun bur/ up ) sudd5 flame1 x c h>dly be suppos$ t en\gh c\ld be lib]at$ at once to increase ! light & heat "o hundr$-fold4 ,9 reg>d to ! second !ory1 x is capable ( pro( t two suns half z l>ge z ours1 mov+ at a velocity ( f\r hundr$ & sev5ty-six miles p] second1 w\ld evolve heat en\gh to supply ! radiation ( our sun = fifty million ye>s4 ,h[ c\ld x be possible = a sun l ?is newly blaz+ orb to cool (f to su* a ,page #bbe degree 9 a mon?8 ,besides1 !re w\ld n be "o *ance 9 a ?\s& = two orbs to come directly toge!r4 ,!y w\ld revolve ab\t ea* o!r till a k9d ( graz+ contact ( gr9d+ worlds w\ld sl[ly k9dle ! ultimate heat4 ,x is f> m likely t ?is /> enc\nt]$ an enorm\s /ream ( meteoric bodies1 or p]haps absorb$ a :ole comet1 t laid its million leagues ( tail z fuel on ! c5tral fire4 ,only let x be rememb]$ t ! fuel is f> m =ce ?an sub/ance4 ,allusion has already be5 made to ! sudd5 bright5+ ( our sun on ! fir/ day ( ,septemb]1 #ahei4 ,t 0 caus$1 no d\bt1 by ! fall ( l>ge meteors1 foll[+ 9 ! tra9 ( ! comet ( #ahdc1 or "s o!r comet4 ,:at ! effect w\ld h be51 _h ! :ole mass ( ! comet be5 absorb$1 _c be imag9$4 ,ano!r new /> lately appe>$ 9 ,cygnus1 ne> ! fam\s /> #fa--! fir/ /> 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e ^: di/ance 0 det]m9$4 ,x 0 fir/ se5 ,novemb] #bd?1 #ahgf1 z a ?ird magnitude /> ( a yell[ color4 ,by ,decemb] #b;d x _h sunk to ! f\r? magnitude1 & *ang$ to a gre5i% color4 ,x _h !n ?ree bright hydrog5 l9es1 ! /rong d\ble sodium l9e1 & o!rs1 :i* made1 x /rongly resemble ! spectrum ( ! *romosph]e ( our sun4 ,an entirely diff]5t result appe>$ 9 ! fad+ ( ^! two />s4 ,9 ! case ( ! /> 9 ! ,cr[n1 ! extraord9>y light 0 ! fir/ to fade1 leav+ ! usual /ell> spectrum4 ,9 ! case ( ! /> 9 ,cygnus1 ! "p ( ! spectrum belong+ to /ell> light 0 ! fir/ to fade1 leav+ ! bright l9es2 t is1 ! gas ( "o gave way to regul> />light1 & ! />light ,page #bbf ( ! o!r hav+ fad$1 ! regul> light ( ! gl[+ gas cont9u$4 ,by "s /range ov]sight1 no "o /udi$ ! /> aga9 = six mon?s4 ,9 ,septemb] & ,novemb]1 #ahgg1 ! light ( ?is /> 0 f\nd to be blue1 & n to be />light at all4 ,x _h no ra9b[ spectrum1 only "o k9d ( rays1 & h5ce only "o color4 ,its sole spectroscopic l9e is believ$ to be t ( gl[+ nitrog5 gas4 ,we h !n1 probably1 9 ! /> ( #ahgf1 a body %9+ by a feeble & undisc]nible light1 surr\nd$ by a disc]nible imm5sity ( light ( nitrog5 gas4 ,?is is its usual condition2 b if a flight ( meteors %\ld raise ! heat ( ! c5tral body s z to out%9e ! nebul\s envelope1 we %\ld h ! conditions we discov]$ 9 ,novemb]1 #ahgf4 ,b a rapid cool+ dissipates ! obs]vable light ( all colors1 & leaves only ! gl[+ gas ( "o color4 ,movem5ts ( ,/>s4 ,we call ! />s fix$1 b motion & life are necess>y to all ?+s4 ,besides ! motion 9 ! l9e ( sight describ$ already1 !re is motion 9 e o!r conceivable direction4 ,we knew ,sirius mov$ be=e we _h f\nd ! cause4 ,we "k t our sun moves back & =? 9 8 easy b$ "o-half 8 va/ diamet]1 z ! l>g] planets comb9e _! influ5ce on "o side or ! o!r4 ,! sun has ano!r movem5t4 ,we f9d ! />s 9 ,h]cules gradually spread+ f ea* o!r4 ,h]cules's brawny limbs gr[ brawni] e c5tury4 ,!re c be b "o cause3 we are approa*+ t qu>t] ( ! heav5s4 7,see ,symbol1 ,fig4 #gb47 ,we are ev5 ,page #bbg able to compute ! velocity ( our approa*2 x is f\r miles a second4 ,! />s 9 ! opposite qu>t] ( ! heav5s 9 ,argo are draw+ ne>] toge!r4 ,?is movem5t w\ld h no effect on ! app>5t place ( ! />s at ei!r pole1 if !y 7 all equally di/ant2 b x mu/ greatly ext5d or contract ! app>5t space betwe5 !m1 s9ce !y are situat$ at v>i\s di/ances4 ,indep5d5t ( ?is1 ! />s !mselves are all 9 motion1 b s va/ is ! di/ance f :i* we obs]ve !m t x has tak5 an accumulation ( c5turies be=e !y c\ld be made measurable4 ,a tra9 go+ =ty miles an h\r1 se5 f a di/ance ( two miles1 almo/ seems to /& /ill4 ,arcturus moves ?r\gh space ?ree times z fa/ z ! e>?1 b x takes a c5tury to appe> to move ! eigh? "p ( ! diamet] ( ! moon4 ,!re is a /> 9 ! ,hunt+ ,dogs1 kn[n z #ahcj ,groombridge1 :i* has a velocity beyond :at all ! attraction ( ! matt] ( ! kn[n univ]se c\ld give x4 ,by ! ye> #ijjj x may be 9 ,b]5ice's ,hair4 ,"s />s h a common movem5t1 be+ evid5tly relat$ toge!r4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! bright] />s betwe5 ,aldeb>an & ! ,pleiades h a common motion ea/w>d ( ab\t t5 seconds a c5tury4 ,all ! angles m>k$ by a1 b1 g1 * ,orionis w be alt]$ 9 diff]5t directions2 l is mov+ t[>d g4 l & e w appe> z a d\ble />4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #ej1jjj ,procyon w be ne>] * ,orionis ?an ,rigel n[ is1 & ,sirius w be 9 l9e ) a & * ,orionis4 ,all ! />s ( ! ,great ,dipp]1 except ,b5etnas* & ,dubhe1 h a common motion some:at 9 ! direction ,page #bbh ( ,?uban 7,fig4 #fg71 :ile ! two nam$ h a motion ne>ly opposite4 ,9 #cf1jjj ye>s ! end ( ! ,dipp] w h fall5 out s t x w hold no wat]1 & ! h&le w be brok5 squ>e (f at ,miz>4 ,! ,s\!rn ,cross1 says ,humboldt1 w n always keep its *>act]i/ic =m1 = its f\r />s travel 9 diff]5t directions ) unequal velocities4 ,at ! pres5t "t x is n kn[n h[ _m myriads ( ye>s mu/ elapse be=e its entire dislocation4 ,^! movem5ts are n 9 =tuit\s or *aotic ways1 b are d\btless 9 accordance ) "s p]fect plan4 ,we h climb$ up f revolv+ e>? & moon to revolv+ planets & sun1 9 ord] to und]/& h[ two or t5 suns c revolve ab\t a common c5tre4 ,let u n[ leap to ! gr&] idea t all ! innum]able />s ( a w9t] night n only loan1 b mu/ revolve ab\t "s c5tre ( gravity4 ,m5 h be5 look+ = a c5tral sun ( suns1 & h n f\nd x4 ,none is ne$$4 ,two suns c balance ab\t a po9t2 all suns c sw+ ab\t a common c5tre4 ,t "o unmov+ c5tre may be t city m gorge\s ?an ,ea/]n imag9ation ev] conceiv$1 ^: pavem5t is transp>5t gold1 ^: walls are preci\s /ones1 ^: light is life1 & :]e no d>k planet>y bodies ev] ca/ %ad[s4 ,!re reigns ! ,k+ & ,"l ( all1 & rang$ ab\t are ! f>-(f prov9ces ( 8 mat]ial sy/ems4 ,!y all move 9 8 sight1 & receive p[] f a m9d t nev] we>ies4 ,page #bbi ,,xi4 ,,! ,,worlds ,,& ,,! ,,^w4 ,! worlds 7 fram$ by ! ^w ( ,god4--,heb4 xi41 #c4 ,page #bcj ,my/]i\s night6 :5 our fir/ p>5t knew !e ,f report div9e1 & he>d ?y "n1 ,did he n tremble = ?is lovely frame1 ,?is glori\s canopy ( light & blue8 ,yet1 'nea? a curta9 ( transluc5t dew1 ,ba!d 9 ! rays ( ! great sett+ flame1 ,hesp]us1 ) all ! ho/ ( heav51 came1 ,& lo6 creation wid5$ 9 man's view4 ,:o c\ld h ?\ght su* d>kness lay conceal$ ,)9 ?y beams1 ,o ,sun6 ,oh :o c\ld f9d1 ,:il/ fruit & leaf & insect /ood reveal$1 ,t to su* c\ntless worlds ?\ mad'/ u bl9d6 ,:y d we !n %un dea? ) anxi\s /rife8 ,if light conceal s mu*1 :]e=e n life8 ,,blanco ,,:ite4 ,page #bca ,,xi4 ,,! ,,worlds ,,& ,,! ,,^w4 ,m5 h f\nd ! v>i\s worlds to be f> ri*] ?an !y orig9ally ?\ght4 ,!y h op5$ door aft] door 9 _! va/ treasuries1 h asc5d$ ?rone aft] ?rone ( p[]1 & rul$ realms ( increas+ ext5t4 ,we h no d\bt t unfold+s 9 ! future w amaze ev5 ^? ^: expectations h be5 quick5$ by ! reveal+s ( ! pa/4 ,:at if x be f\nd t ! ,^w is equally inexhau/ible8 ,aft] ages ( ?\ght & discov]y we h come out ( ! d>kness & misconceptions ( m54 ,we believe 9 no s]p5t1 turtle1 or elephant support+ ! _w2 no ,atlas hold+ up ! heav5s2 no cry/al domes1 ) cycles & epicycles scribbl$ o'er4 ,:at if x be f\nd t "o book1 writt5 by ignorant m51 nev] fell into ^! mi/akes ( ! wise/6 ,nay1 m1 :at if "s ( ! greate/ triumphs ( mod]n sci5ce are to be f\nd pla9ly /at$ 9 a book old] ?an ! writ+s ( ,hom]8 ,if suns1 planets1 & satellites1 ) all _! possibilities ( life1 *anges ( flora & fauna1 c\ld be all provid$ =1 z "s sci5ti/s tell u1 9 ! fi]y />-du/ ( a cl\d1 :y may n ! same ,au?or provide a p]petually wid5+ riv] ( life 9 8 ,^w8 ,z we believe ,he is p]petually pres5t 9 8 worlds1 we "k ,he has ,page #bcb promis$ to be p]petually pres5t 9 8 ,^w1 mak+ x alive ) _s & life4 ,! wise m5 ( ! pa/ c\ld n avoid allud+ to ideas ! falsity ( :i* subsequ5t discov]y has reveal$2 b ! writ]s ( ! ,bible did avoid su* errone\s allusion4 ,( c\rse !y ref]r$ to "s ?+s1 z sunrise & sunset1 accord+ to appe>ance2 b our mo/ sci5tific books d ! same to-day4 ,t ! ,bible c\ld avoid tea*+ ! opposite ( sci5tific tru? proclaims t a high] ?an human wisdom 0 9 its tea*+4 ,t negative argum5t is /rong1 b ! affirmative argum5t is mu* /rong]4 ,! ,bible decl>es sci5tific tru? f> 9 advance ( its discov]y1 f> 9 advance ( man's ability to und]/& its pla9 decl>ations4 ,take a few conspicu\s illu/rations3 ,! ,bible ass]t$ f ! fir/ t ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s _h a beg9n+4 ,aft] ages ( inve/igation1 aft] rese>*es 9 ! realms ( physics1 argum5ts 9 metaphysics1 & conclusions by ! necessities ( resi/less logic1 sci5ce has rea*$ ! same result4 ,! ,bible ass]t$ f ! fir/ t creation ( matt] prec$$ arrangem5t4 ,x 0 *aos--void--)\t =m--d>kness2 arrangem5t 0 a subsequ5t "w4 ,! _w 0 n creat$ 9 ! =m x 0 to h2 x 0 to be m\ld$1 %ap$1 /ratifi$1 coal$1 m\nta9$1 valley$1 subsequ5tly4 ,all ( :i* sci5ce utt]s ages aft]w>d4 ,! ,bible did n hesitate to affirm t light exi/$ be=e ! sun1 ?\gh m5 did n believe x1 & us$ x z a weapon aga9/ inspiration4 ,n[ we praise m5 = hav+ demon/rat$ ! olde/ record4 ,page #bcc ,x is a rec5tly discov]$ tru? ( sci5ce t ! trata ( ! e>? 7 =m$ by ! action ( wat]1 & ! m\nta9s 7 once "u ! ocean4 ,x is an idea long famili> to ,bible read]s3 ,?\ cov]e/ ! e>? ) ! deep z ) a g>m5t4 ,! wat]s /ood above ! m\nta9s4 ,at ?y rebuke !y fl$2 at ! voice ( ?y ?und] !y ha/$ away4 ,! m\nta9s asc5d2 ! valleys desc5d into ! place ?\ ha/ f\nd$ = !m4 ,"h is a :ole volume ( geology 9 a p>agraph4 ,! ?und] ( cont95tal convulsions is ,god's voice2 ! m\nta9s rise by ,god's p[]2 ! wat]s ha/e away unto ! place ,god prep>$ = !m4 ,our sl[ness ( geological discov]y is p]fectly acc\nt$ = by ,pet]4 ,= ( ?is !y are will+ly ignorant1 t by ! ^w ( ,god !re 7 heav5s ( old1 & l& fram$ out ( wat]1 & by means ( wat]1 :]eby ! _w t !n 01 be+ ov]fl[$ by wat]1 p]i%$4 ,we recognize ^! geological subsid5ces1 b we read !m f ! te/imony ( ! rocks m will+ly ?an f ! te/imony ( ! ,^w4 ,sci5ce exults 9 hav+ discov]$ :at x is pleas$ to call an ord] ( developm5t on e>?--t5d] grass1 h]b1 tree2 mov+ creatures t h life 9 ! wat]s2 bird1 reptile1 bea/1 cattle1 man4 ,! ,bible gives ! same ord] ages be=e1 & calls x ,god's successive creations4 ,dur+ ages on ages man's wisdom held ! e>? to be flat4 ,mean:ile1 ,god 0 say+1 c5tury aft] c5tury1 ( himself1 ,he sitte? ^u ! sph]e ( ! e>? 7,ges5ius74 ,m5 rack$ _! feeble wits = exp$i5ts to uphold ,page #bcd ! e>?1 & ! be/ !y c\ld devise 7 s]p5ts1 elephants1 & turtles2 beyond t no "o _h ev] gone to see :at support$ !m4 ,mean:ile1 ,god 0 p]petually tell+ m5 t he _h hung ! e>? ^u no?+4 ,m5 7 ev] try+ to numb] ! />s4 ,hipp>*us c\nt$ "o ?\s& & tw5ty-two2 ,ptolemy "o ?\s& & tw5ty-six2 & x is easy to numb] ^? visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,b ! ,bible said1 :5 !re 7 no telescopes to make x kn[n1 t !y 7 z ! s&s ( ! sea1 innum]able4 ,sci5ce has appliances ( enum]ation unkn[n to o!r ages1 b ! space-p5etrat+ telescopes & ta/imet]s reveal m worlds--eighte5 millions 9 a s+le sy/em1 & sy/ems beyond c\nt--till m5 ackn[l$ge t ! />s are innum]able to man4 ,x is ,god's pr]ogative to numb] all ! />s2 he also calle? !m all by _! names4 ,torricelli's discov]y t ! air _h weight 0 receiv$ ) incr$ulity4 ,= ages ! air _h propell$ %ips1 ?ru/ itself aga9/ ! bodies ( m51 & ov]turn$ _! works4 ,b no man ev] dream$ t weight 0 necess>y to give mom5tum4 ,dur+ all ! c5turies x _h /ood 9 ! ,bible1 wait+ = man's compreh5sion3 ,he gave to ! air its weight 7,job xxviii4 #be74 ,! pet sci5ce ( to-day is meteorology4 ,! fluctuations & v>iations ( ! wea!r h hi!rto baffl$ all attempts at unravell+ !m4 ,x has seem$ t !re 0 no law 9 _! fickle *anges4 ,b at l5g? p]sev]ance & skill h triumph$1 & a s+le man 9 "o place pr$icts ! wea!r & w9ds ,page #bce = a cont95t4 ,b ! ,bible has always insi/$ t ! :ole dep>tm5t 0 "u law2 nay1 x laid d[n t law s cle>ly1 t if m5 _h be5 will+ to le>n f x !y might h rea*$ ?is wisdom ages ago4 ,! :ole moral law is n m cle>ly cry/alliz$ 9 ,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 & ?y neighbor z ?yself1 ?an all ! fundam5tals ( ! sci5ce ( meteorology are cry/alliz$ 9 ^! words3 ,! w9d goe? t[>d ! s\? 7equator71 & turne? ab\t 7up7 unto ! nor?2 x :irle? ab\t cont9ually1 & ! w9d returne? aga9 accord+ to 8 circuits 7e/abli%$ r\tes74 ,all ! riv]s run into ! sea2 yet ! sea is n full3 unto ! place f :5ce ! riv]s come1 ?i!r !y return aga9 7,eccles4 i4 #f1 #g74 ,^? sci5tific qu]ies :i* ,god prop\nd$ to ,job 7 unansw]able !n2 mo/ ( !m are s n[4 ,:]eon are ! sockets ( ! e>? made to s9k8 ,job nev] knew ! e>? turn$ 9 sockets2 mu* less c\ld he tell :]e !y 7 fix$4 ,god answ]$ ?is "q else:]e4 ,he /ret*e? ! nor? 7"o socket7 ov] ! empty place1 & hange? ! e>? ^u no?+4 ,speak+ ( ! day-spr+1 ,god says ! e>? is turn$ to x1 z clay to ! seal4 ,! e>?'s axial revolution is cle>ly recogniz$4 ,cop]nicus decl>$ x e>ly2 ,god e>li]4 ,no man yet und]/&s ! balanc+ ( ! cl\ds1 nor ! susp5sion ( ! froz5 masses ( hail1 any m ?an ,job did4 ,_h ,god ask$ if he _h p]ceiv$ ! l5g? ( ! e>?1 _m a man to-day c\ld h answ]$ yes4 ,b ! et]nal ice keeps u f p]ceiv+ ! bread? ,page #bcf ( ! e>?1 & %[s ! discrim9at+ wisdom ( ! "q4 ,! /atem5t t ! sun's go+ is f ! end ( ! heav51 & 8 circuit to ! ends ( x1 has giv5 edge to _m a sne] at its suppos$ ass]tion t ! sun w5t r\nd ! e>?4 ,x tea*es a high] tru?--t ! sun itself obeys ! law x en=ces on ! planets1 & flies 9 an orbit ( its own1 f "o end ( heav5 9 ,argo to ! o!r 9 ,h]cules4 ,s em95t an a/ronom] & s true a ,*ri/ian z ,g5]al ,mit*ell1 :o und]/ood ! voices 9 :i* ! heav5s decl>e ! glory ( ,god1 :o read ) delight ! ,^w ( ,god em bodi$ 9 worlds1 & :o f$ ^u ! writt5 ,^w ( ,god z 8 daily bread1 decl>$1 ,we f9d an aptness & propriety 9 all ^! a/ronomical illu/rations1 :i* are n weak5$1 b amaz+ly /r5g!n$1 :5 view$ 9 ! cle> light ( our pres5t k4 ,h]s*el says1 ,all human discov]ies seem to be made only = ! purpose ( confirm+ m /rongly ! tru?s t come f on high1 & are conta9$ 9 ! sacr$ writ+s4 ,! common au?or%ip ( ! worlds & ! ,^w becomes app>5t2 _! common unexplorable weal? is a necess>y conclusion4 ,s9ce ! op5+ revelations ( ! pa/ %[ an unse>*able wisdom 9 ! ,^w1 has t ,^w any prophecy conc]n+ my/]ies n yet und]/ood1 & ev5ts yet 9 ! future8 ,!re are c]ta9 problems z yet insolvable4 ,we h grasp$ _m clews1 & foll[$ !m f> into labyr9?s ( d>kness1 b n yet ?r\gh into light4 ,we ask 9 va91 ,:at is matt]8 ,no man c ,page #bcg answ]4 ,we trace x up ?r\gh ! worlds1 till its increas+ f95ess1 its gr[+ p[]1 & possible id5tity ( sub/ance1 seem z if ! next /ep w\ld reveal its _s orig94 ,:at we b hesitat+ly /amm]1 ! ,^w boldly ass]ts4 ,we ask1 ,:at is =ce8 ,no man c answ]4 ,we recognize its v>i\s grades1 ea* subord9ate to ! high]--cohesion dissolvable by heat2 ! aff9ity ( oxyg5 & hydrog5 9 wat] ov]come by ! pi]c+ int5sity ( electric fire2 riv]s seek+ ! sea by gravitation c>ri$ back by ! sun2 rock turn$ to soil1 soil to fl[]s2 & all ! =ces 9 nature measurably subs]vi5t to m9d4 ,h5ce we p>tly und]/& :at ! ,^w has always taught u1 t all l[] =ces mu/ be subject to t :i* is highe/4 ,h[ easily c seas be divid$1 iron made to swim1 wat] to burn1 & a dead body to live aga91 if ! highe/ =ce ex]t itself ov] =ces made to be ma/]$4 ,:5 we h foll[$ =ce to its highe/ place1 we always f9d ourselves consid]+ ! =ces ( m9d & _s1 & say1 9 ! words ( ! ,scriptures1 ,god is _s4 ,we ask 9 va9 :at is ! end ( ! pres5t condition ( ?+s4 ,we h read ! hi/ory ( our globe ) great difficulty--its prophecy is /ill m difficult4 ,we h ask$ :e!r ! />s =m a sy/em1 & if s1 :e!r t sy/em is p]man5t4 ,we are n able to answ] yet4 ,we h said t ! sun w\ld 9 "t become z icy cold & dead z ! moon1 & !n ! e>? w\ld w&] d>kl+ 9 ! voids ( space4 ,b ! end ( ! e>?1 z prophesi$ 9 ! ,^w1 is diff]5t3 ,! heav5s w pass away ) ,page #bch a ru%+ noise1 & ! elem5ts w be dissolv$ ) burn+ heat1 & ! e>? & ! works !re9 w be burn$ up4 ,! late/ conclusions ( sci5ce po9t ! same way4 ,! great zones ( uncond5s$ matt] ab\t ! sun seem to con/itute a resi/+ m$ium z f> z !y rea*4 ,encke's comet1 ^: orbit comes ne> ! sun1 is delay$4 ,?is gives gravitation an ov]:elm+ p[]1 & h5ce ! orbit is less5$ & a revolution accompli%$ m quickly4 ,faye's comet1 :i* :eels beyond ! track ( ,m>s1 is n ret>d$4 ,if ! e>? moves ?r\gh a resi/+ sub/ance1 its ultimate fall into ! sun is c]ta94 ,:e!r 9 t f> future ! sun %all h cool$ (f1 or w be /ill z hot z to-day1 ,pet]'s description w\ld admirably portray ! result ( ! impact4 ,pet]s description1 h[ev]1 seems r to indicate an int]f]5ce ( ,div9e p[] at an appropriate "t be=e a runn+ d[n ( ! sy/em at pres5t 9 exi/5ce1 & a re-end[m5t ( matt] ) new capabilities4 ,aft] ?\s&s ( ye>s1 sci5ce discov]$ ! true way to k4 ,x is ! ,baconian way ( exp]im5t1 ( trial1 ( exam9+ ! actual1 in/ead ( imag9+ ! ideal4 ,x is ! acceptance ( ! ,scriptural plan4 ,if a man wills to d ,god's w1 he %all "k4 ,oh ta/e & see6 ,9 sci5ce m5 try hypo!ses1 ?9k ! be/ !y c1 plan broadly z possible1 & !n see if facts su/a9 ! !ory4 ,!y h adopt$ ! ,scriptural idea ( accept+ a plan1 & !n work+ 9 fai?1 9 ord] to acquire k4 ,=tunately1 9 ! "w ( salvation ! plan is always p]fect4 ,b1 9 ord] to make ! trial "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances1 !re mu/ be fai?4 ,! fai? ( ,page #bci sci5ce is amaz+2 its ass]tions ( ! sup]s5sual are a/\nd+4 ,x affirms a ?\s& ?+s t _c be physically demon/rat$3 t ! flight ( a rifle-ball is p>abolic2 t ! e>? has poles2 t gages are made ( p>ticles2 t !re are atoms2 t an electric light gives t5 times z _m rays z are visible2 t !re are s\nds to :i* we are deaf1 sights to :i* we are bl9d2 t a ?\s& objects & activities are ab\t u1 = ! p]ception ( :i* we ne$ a hundr$ s5ses in/ead ( five4 ,^! fai?s h ne>ly all l$ to sight2 !y h be5 rew>d$1 & ! _w's weal? ( k is ! result4 ,! ,^w has ev] ass]t$ ! sup]s5su\s1 solicit$ man's fai?1 & ev] uplift$ e true fai? into sight4 ,l[ell is p>tly "r :5 he s+s3 ,sci5ce 0 ,fai? once2 ,fai? 7 sci5ce n[1 ,w\ld %e b lay h] b[ & arr[s by1 ,& aim h] ) ! weapons ( ! "t4 ,fai? laid h] b[ & arr[s by be=e m5 9 pursuit ( worldly k discov]$ !irs4 ,:at becomes ( ! =ce ( ! sun t is be+ sp5t to-day8 ,x is "o ( ! firme/ rocks ( sci5ce t !re c be no absolute de/ruction ( =ce4 ,x is all cons]v$ someh[4 ,b h[8 ,! sun contracts1 light results1 & leaps swiftly into all encircl+ space4 ,x c nev] be return$4 ,heat f />s invisible by ! l>ge/ telescope ent]s ! ta/imet]1 & decl>es t t =ce has j\rney$ f its s\rce ?r\gh incalculable ye>s4 ,!re is no encircl+ dome to reflect all ?is =ce back ^u its s\rces4 ,is x lo/8 ,sci5ce1 9 def5ce ( its own dogma1 %\ld ,page #bdj assign light a "w z x flies 9 ! space :i* we h le>n$ _c be empty4 ,!re ought to be a realm :]e light's inconceivable en]gy is utiliz$ 9 build+ a gr&] univ]se1 :]e !re is no night4 ,*ri/ said1 z he w5t out ( ! se5 into ! unse51 ,i g to prep>e a place = y2 & :5 ,john saw x 9 vision ! sun _h disappe>$1 ! moon 0 gone1 b ! light /ill cont9u$4 ,sci5ce f9ds matt] to be capable ( unkn[n ref9em5t2 wat] becomes /eam full ( amaz+ capabilities3 we add m heat1 sup]heat ! /eam1 & x takes on new aptitudes & uncontrollable en]gy4 ,z9c burn$ 9 acid becomes electricity1 :i* ent]s iron z a k9d ( s\l1 to fill all t body ) life4 ,all matt] is capable ( trans=mation1 if n transfiguration1 till x %9es by ! light ( an indwell+ _s4 ,scripture read]s "k t bodies & ev5 g>m5ts c be transfigur$1 be made a/rapton 7,luke xxiv4 #d71 %9+ ) an inn] light4 ,!y also look = new heav5s & a new e>? end[$ ) high] p[]s1 fit = p]fect be+s4 ,:5 ,god made matt]1 s f> z our ?\ght p]mits u to "k1 he simply made =ce /ation>y & unconsci\s4 ,!reaft] he moves ?r\gh x ) 8 own w4 ,he c at any "t *ange ^! =ces1 mak+ air solid1 wat] & rock gase\s1 a _w a cl\d1 or a fire-mi/ a /one4 ,he may at "s "t re/ore all =ce to consci\sness aga91 & make e "p ( ! univ]se ?rill ) responsive joy4 ,!n %all ! m\nta9s & ! hills break =? be=e y into s++1 & all ! trees ( ! field clap _! h&s4 ,"o ( ^! *anges is to come to ! e>?4 ,page #bda ,amid/ great noise ! heav5 %all flee1 ! e>? be burn$ up1 & all _! =ces be *ang$ to new =ms4 ,p]haps x w n !n be visible to mortal eyes4 ,p]haps =ce w !n be made consci\s1 & ! fl[]s !reaft] return our love z mu* z l[] creatures d n[4 ,a riv] & tree ( life may be consci\sly alive1 z well z give life4 ,poets t are ne>e/ to ,god are con/antly he>+ ! sweet voices ( responsive feel+ 9 nature4 ,= 8 gay] h\rs ,%e has a voice ( gladness & a smile1 ,& eloqu5ce ( beauty2 & %e glides ,into 8 d>k] mus+s ) a mild ,& g5tle sympa?y1 t /eals away ,_! %>pness ere he is aw>e4 ,prophets :o utt] ,god's voice ( tru? say1 ,! wild]ness & ! solit>y place %all be glad = holy m51 & ! des]t %all rejoice & blossom z ! rose4 ,x %all blossom abundantly & rejoice1 ev5 ) joy & s++4 ,di/+ui% cle>ly betwe5 c]ta9ty & surmise4 ,! c]ta9ty is t ! _w w pass ?r\gh cata/rophic *anges to a p]fect _w4 ,! grave ( uni=mit>ianism is already cov]$ ) grass4 ,he t creates promises to complete4 ,! invisible1 impond]able1 inaudible e!r is beyond our appreh5sion2 x transmits impressions #ahf1jjj miles a second2 x is millions ( times m capable & en]getic ?an air4 ,:at may be ! b\nds ( its possibility none c imag9e1 = law is n abrogat$ nor designs disreg>d$ z we asc5d into high] realms4 ,law works out m beautiful designs ) m absolute c]ta9ty4 ,:y ,page #bdb %\ld !re n be a f9] univ]se ?an ?is1 & disconnect$ f ?is _w altoge!r--a fit home = immortal s\ls8 ,x is a necessity4 ,god fille? all 9 all1 is ev]y:]e omnipot5t & wise4 ,:y %\ld !re be great vacuities1 b>r5 ( p[] & its creative outgo+s8 ,god has fix$ ! />s z pro(s ( 8 ag5cy at "s po9ts 9 space4 ,b is x 9 po9ts only8 ,sci5ce is pr\d ( its discov]y t :at m5 once ?\ght to be empty space is m int5sely active ?an ! co>s] =ms ( matt] c be4 ,b 9 ! long times :i* are pa/ ,job glanc$ at e>?1 seas1 cl\ds1 pill>s ( heav51 />s1 day1 night1 all visible ?+s1 & !n add$3 ,lo6 ^! are only ! outly+ bord]s ( 8 works4 ,:at a :isp] ( a ^w we he> ( ,him6 ,! ?und] ( 8 p[] :o c compreh5d8 ,sci5ce discov]s t man is adapt$ = ma/]y 9 ?is _w4 ,he is ( ! highe/ ord] ( visible creatures4 ,nei!r is x possible to imag9e an ord] ( be+s g5]ically high] to be connect$ ) ! conditions ( ! mat]ial _w4 ,?is :ole secret 0 kn[n to ! au?or ( ! olde/ writ+4 ,& ,god bless$ !m1 & ,god said unto !m3 ,be fruitful1 & multiply1 & repl5i% ! e>?1 & subdue x3 & h dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! air1 & ov] e liv+ ?+ t move? ^u ! e>?4 ,! idea is nev] lo/ sight ( 9 ! sacr$ writ+s4 ,& :ile e man kn[s he mu/ fail 9 "o great conte/1 & yield himself to dea?1 ! lat] portions ( ! div9e ,^w (f] him victory ev5 "h4 ,! typical man is commission$ to de/roy ev5 dea?1 & make man a %>] 9 ! victory4 ,page #bdc ,sci5ce babbles at ?is great tru? ( man's position l a little *ild2 ,scripture treats x ) a bread? ( p]fect wisdom we are only beg9n+ to grasp4 ,sci5ce tells u t ea* type is prophetic ( a high] "o4 ,! :ale has bones prophetic ( a human h&4 ,has man rea*$ p]fection8 ,is !re no prophecy 9 him8 ,n 9 8 body1 p]haps2 b h[ 8 :ole s\l ye>ns = great] beauty4 ,z soon z he has f\nd food1 ! savage beg9s to c>ve 8 paddle1 & make himself gorge\s ) fea!rs4 ,h[ man ye>ns = /r5g?1 subdu+ animal & cosmic =ces to 8 w6 ,h[ he fights aga9/ d>kness & dea?1 & /rives = p]fection & hol9ess6 ,^! prophecies compel u to believe !re is a _w :]e p[]s l ^? ( electricity & lum9if]\s e!r are ev] at h&2 :]e its wat]s are riv]s ( life1 & its trees full ( p]fect heal+1 & f :i* all unhol9ess is =ev] kept4 ,:at we inf]1 ,scripture affirms4 ,sci5ce tells u !re has be5 a survival ( ! fitte/4 ,d\btless ?is is s4 ,s 9 ! future !re w be a survival ( ! fitte/4 ,:at is x8 ,wisdom1 g5tl5ess1 meekness1 bro!rly k9dness1 & *>ity4 ,ov] ^? :o h ^! traits dea? ha? no p]man5t p[]4 ,! cat]pill> has no fe> z he weaves 8 own %r\d2 = !re is life )9 fit to survive1 & ere long x spreads its gorge\s w+s1 & flies 9 ! air above :]e once x crawl$4 ,man has _h two /ates ( be+ already4 ,"o conf9$1 d>k1 peculi>ly n\ri%$1 slightly consci\s2 !n he 0 born into ano!r--wide1 diff]5tly n\ri%$1 & int5sely ,page #bdd consci\s4 ,he kn[s he may be born aga9 into a life wid] yet1 diff]5tly n\ri%$1 & ev5 yet m int5sely consci\s4 ,sci5ce has no h9t h[ a long asc5d+ s]ies ( developm5ts cr[n$ by man may advance ano!r /ep1 & make man isaggelos--equal to angels4 ,b ! simple/ tea*+ ( ,scripture po9ts out a way s cle> t a *ild ne$ n miss ! glori\s consummation4 ,:5 ,uranus ha/5$ 9 "o "p ( its orbit1 & !n ret>d$1 & swung too wide1 m5 said !re mu/ be ano!r attract+ _w beyond2 &1 look+ !re1 ,neptune 0 f\nd4 ,s1 :5 individual m5 are s /rong t nations or armies _c break d[n _! wills2 s brave1 t lions h no t]rors2 s holy1 t temptation _c lure nor s9 defile !m2 s gr& 9 ?\ght1 t m5 _c foll[2 s pure 9 walk1 t ,god walks ) !m--let u inf] an attract+ _w1 high & pure & /rong z heav54 ,! elev5? *apt] ( ,hebrews is a roll-call ( h]oes ( :om ?is _w 0 n wor?y4 ,!y 7 tortur$1 n accept+ deliv]ance1 t !y might obta9 a bett] resurrection4 ,! _w to come influ5c$1 z x 71 ! orbits ( _! s\ls1 & :5 _! bodies fell (f1 e>? hav+ no hold on !m1 !y sp$ on to _! cele/ial home4 ,! t5d5cy ( su* s\ls necessitates su* a _w4 ,! worlds & ! ,^w speak b "o language1 tea* b "o set ( tru?s4 ,h[ 0 x possible t ! writ]s ( ! e>li] ,scriptures describ$ physical ph5om5a ) wond]ful sublimity1 & ) su* p5etrative tru?8 ,!y gaz$ ^u ! same heav5 t ^? m5 saw :o ages aft]w>d l$ ! _w 9 k4 ,^! latt] 7 ne>-sight$1 & absorb$ ,page #bde 9 ! pictures on ! fir/ veil ( matt]2 ! =m] 7 f>-sight$1 & p5etrat$ a hundr$ /rata ( ?icke/ mat]ial1 & saw ! immat]ial p[] beh9d4 ,! "o class /udi$ ! pres5t1 & made ! grave/ mi/akes2 ! o!r pi]c$ ! unc\nt$ ages ( ! pa/1 & utt]$ ! pr(\nde/ wisdom4 ,!re is b "o explanation4 ,he t plann$ & made ! worlds inspir$ ! ,^w4 ,sci5ce & religion are n two sep>ate dep>tm5ts1 !y are n ev5 two phases ( ! same tru?4 ,sci5ce has a broad] realm 9 ! unse5 ?an 9 ! se51 9 ! s\rce ( p[] ?an 9 ! outcomes ( p[]1 9 ! sublime laws ( _s ?an 9 ! laws ( matt]2 & religion %$s its beautiful light ov] all /ages ( life1 till1 :e!r we eat or :e!r we dr9k1 or :atsoev] we d1 we may d all = ! glory ( ,god4 ,sci5ce & religion make common confession t ! great object ( life is to le>n & to gr[4 ,bo? w come to see ! be/ possible means1 = ! atta9m5t ( ?is end is a p]sonal relation to a tea*] :o is ! ,way1 ! ,tru?1 & ! ,life4 ,page #bdg ,,xii4 ,,! ,,ultimate ,,=ce4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w1 & ! ,^w 0 ) ,god1 & ! ,^w 0 ,god4 ,! same 0 9 ! beg9n+ ) ,god4 ,all ?+s became by him1 & )\t him 0 n any?+ made t 0 made 99 99 99 & by him all ?+s /& toge!r4 ,page #bdh ,o ?\ et]nal "o2 ^: pres5ce blight ,all space do? occupy--all motion guide-- ,?\ f primeval no?+ness did/ call ,fir/ *aos1 !n exi/5ce4 ,"l1 on !e ,et]nity _h its f\ndation3 all ,sprung =? f !e--( light1 joy1 h>mony1 ,sole orig93 all life1 all beauty ?9e4 ,?y ^w creat$ all1 & do? create2 ,?y spl5dor fills all space ) rays div9e2 ,?\ art & w]t1 & %alt be glori\s1 great2 ,life-giv+1 life-su/a9+ ,pot5tate1 ,?y *a9s ! unmeasur$ univ]se surr\nd-- ,upheld by !e1 by !e inspir$ ) brea?4 ,,d]zhav94 ,page #bdi ,,xii4 ,,! ,,ultimate ,,=ce4 ,! univ]se is ,god's "n writ l>ge4 ,?\ght goes up ! %9+ suns z gold5 /airs1 & reads ! consecutive syllables--all might1 & wisdom1 & beauty2 & if ! he>t be f9e en\gh & pure en\gh1 x also reads ev]y:]e ! my/ic "n ( love4 ,let u le>n to read ! hi]oglyphics1 & !n turn to ! blazonry ( ! inf9ite page4 ,t is ! key-note2 ! heav5s & ! e>? decl>+ ! glory ( ,god1 & m5 ) s\ls attun$ li/5+4 ,to :at voices %all we li/5 fir/8 ,/& on ! %ore ( a lake set l an azure gem among ! bosses ( gre5 hills4 ,! patt] ( ra9 means an annual fall ( f\r cubic feet ( wat] on e squ>e foot ( x4 ,x weighs two hundr$ & =ty p\nds to ! cubic foot1 "o hundr$ million tons on ! surface ( a little %eet ( wat] tw5ty miles long by ?ree wide4 ,n[1 all t weight ( fall+ ra9 _h to be lift$1 a "w comp>$ to :i* tak+ up m\nta9s & ca/+ !m into ! sea is pa/ime4 ,all t wat] _h to be tak5 up be=e x c\ld be ca/ d[n1 & c>ri$ hundr$s ( miles be=e x c\ld be !re4 ,y h he>d ,niag>a's ?und]2 h /ood b5ea? ! fall+ imm5sity2 se5 x ceaselessly p\r$ f an inf9ite h&2 felt t y w\ld be gr\nd to atoms if y fell into t resi/less flood4 ,well1 all t inf9ity ( ,page #bej wat] _h to be lift$ by ma9 =ce1 _h to be tak5 up out ( ! f> ,pacific1 br\ght ov] ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s2 & ! ,mississippi keeps be>+ its wide miles ( wat] to ! ,gulf1 & ,niag>a keeps ?und]+ age aft] age1 because !re is p[] some:]e to c>ry ! immeasurable floods all ! "t ! o!r way 9 ! upp] air4 ,b ?is is only ! ,alpha ( p[]4 ,pr(essor ,cl>k1 ( ,amh]/1 ,massa*usetts1 f\nd t su* a s(t & pulpy ?+ z a squa% _h s great a p[] ( gr[? t x lift$ ?ree ?\s& p\nds1 & held x day & night = mon?s4 ,x toil$ & grew "u ! gr[+ weight1 compact+ its sub/ance l oak to d ! "w4 ,all ov] ! e>? ?is trem5d\s p[] & pu% ( life goes on--9 ! little />-ey$ fl[]s t look up to ,god only on ! ,alp9e heights1 9 e tuft ( grass1 9 e acre ( :eat1 9 e mile ( prairie1 & 9 e l(ty tree t wre/les ) ! tempe/s ( "o hundr$ w9t]s4 ,b ?is is only ! ,b 9 ! alphabet ( p[]4 ,rise above ! e>?1 & y f9d ! worlds toss$ l play?+s1 & hurl$ sev5ty times z fa/ z a rifle-ball1 nev] an in* out ( place or a second out ( "t4 ,b ?is is only ! ,c 9 ! alphabet ( p[]4 ,rise to ! sun4 ,x is a qu5*less res]voir ( high-class en]gy4 ,our tornadoes move sixty miles an h\r1 ^? ( ! sun tw5ty ?\s& miles an h\r4 ,a =e/ on fire s5ds its spires ( flame "o hundr$ feet 9 air1 ! sun s5ds its spires ( flame two hundr$ ?\s& miles4 ,all our fires exhau/ ! fuel & burn out4 ,if ! sun 7 pure coal1 x w\ld burn out 9 five ?\s& ye>s2 & yet ?is sea ( unqu5*able ,page #bea flame see!s & burns1 & rolls & vivifies a doz5 worlds1 & fla%es life along ! />ry spaces = a million ye>s )\t any app>5t dim9ution4 ,x s5ds out its p[] to e planet1 9 ! va/ circle 9 :i* x lies4 ,x fills ) light n m]ely a :ole circle1 b a dome2 n m]ely a dome above1 b "o bel[1 & on e side4 ,at our di/ance ( n9ety-two & a half millions ( miles1 ! great e>? feels t p[] 9 gravitation1 tides1 ra9s1 w9ds1 & all possible life--e "p is full ( p[]4 ,fill ! e>?'s orbit ) a circle ( su* receptive worlds--sev5ty ?\s& in/ead ( "o--ev]yone w\ld be z fully suppli$ ) p[] f ?is c5tral s\rce4 ,m4 ,fill ! :ole dome1 ! entire ext5t ( ! surr\nd+ sph]e1 bottom1 sides1 top1 a sph]e "o hundr$ & eighty-five million miles 9 diamet]1 & ev]yone ( ^! unc\ntable worlds w\ld be t\*$ ) ! same p[] z "o2 ea* w\ld ?rill ) life4 ,?is is only ! ,d ( ! alphabet ( p[]4 ,& glanc+ up to ! o!r suns1 "o hundr$1 five hundr$1 twelve hundr$ times z l>ge1 d\ble1 triple1 septuple1 multiple suns1 we %all f9d p[] en\gh to g ?r\gh ! :ole alphabet 9 geometrical ratio2 & !n 9 ! clu/]$ suns1 galaxies1 & nebul1 p[] en\gh /ill unrepres5t$ by s+le lett]s to require all comb9ations ( ! alphabet ( p[]4 ,:at is ! significance ( ?is s+le elem5t ( p[]8 ,! answ] ( sci5ce to-day is correlation1 ! con/ant evolution ( "o =ce f ano!r4 ,heat is a mode ( motion1 motion a result ( heat4 ,s f> s good4 ,b are we m]e reason]s 9 a circle8 ,!n we w\ld be lo/ m51 tread+ our r\nd ( dea? 9 a limitless =e/4 ,:at is ! ultimate8 ,reason ,page #beb out 9 a /raight l9e4 ,no def9ition ( matt] all[s x to orig9ate =ce2 only m9d c d t4 ,h5ce ! ultimate =ce is always m9d4 ,c>ry y\r correlation z f> z y please--?r\gh planets1 suns1 nebul1 concretion>y vortices1 & revolv+ fire-mi/--!re mu/ always be m9d & w beyond4 ,"s ( t willp[] t works )\t exhau/ion mu/ take its own =ce & r5d] x /atic1 app>5t4 ,x may d ?is 9 su* correlat$ relation t t =ce %all g on ye> aft] ye> to a ?\s& *ang+ =ms2 b t =ce mu/ orig9ate 9 m9d4 ,g out 9 ! fall+ ra91 /& "u ! ?und]\s ,niag>a1 feel ! immeasurable ru% ( life1 see ! hang+ worlds1 & trace all ?is--! c>ri$ ra91 ! t]rific ?und] ) ,god's b[ ( peace ^u x1 & ! unfail+ planets hung ^u no?+--trace all ?is to ! orb ( day blaz+ 9 p]petual /r5g?1 b /op n !re4 ,:o made ! sun8 ,contrivance fills all ?\ght4 ,:o made ! sun8 ,nature says !re is a m9d1 & t m9d is ,almighty4 ,!n y h read ! fir/ syllables1 viz41 be+ & p[]4 ,:at is ! cont9u\s relation ( ! univ]se to ! m9d f :i* x d]iv$ its p[]8 ,"s say t x is ! relation ( a w\nd-up wat* to ! w9d]4 ,x 0 d[]$ ) suffici5t p[] to revolve its ceaseless *anges1 & its mak] is h5ce=? an abs5tee ,god4 ,is x8 ,let u h c\rage to see4 ,= tw5ty ye>s "o devotes t5 seconds e night to putt+ a little =ce into a wat*4 ,x is s arrang$ t x di/ributes t =ce ov] tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,9 t tw5ty ye>s m p[] has be5 put into t wat* ?an a horse c\ld ex]t at once4 ,b suppose ,page #bec "o _h tri$ to put all t =ce into ! wat* at once3 x w\ld h pulv]iz$ x to atoms4 ,b suppos+ ! univ]se _h be5 d[]$ ) p[] at fir/ to run its enorm\s r\nds = tw5ty millions ( ye>s4 ,x is inconceivable2 /eel w\ld be z friable z s&1 & /r5g?less z smoke1 9 su* /ra94 ,we h discov]$ "s ( ! laws ( ! =ce we call gravitation4 ,b :at d we "k ( its ess5ce8 ,h[ x appe>s to act we "k a little1 :at x is we are pr(\ndly ignorant4 ,few m5 ev] discuss ?is "q4 ,all !ories are sublimely ridicul\s1 & fail to pass ! mo/ prim>y te/s4 ,h[ matt] c act :]e x is n1 & on t ) :i* x has no connection1 is inconceivable4 ,newton said t anyone :o has 9 philosophical matt]s a compet5t faculty ( ?9k+1 c\ld n admit = a mom5t ! possibility ( a sun rea*+ ?r\gh millions ( miles1 & ex]cis+ !re an attractive p[]4 ,a wat* may run if w\nd up1 b h[ ! wat*-spr+ 9 "o pocket c run ! wat* 9 ano!r is h>d to see4 ,a wat* is a contrivance = di/ribut+ a =ce outside ( itself1 & if ! univ]se runs at all on t pr9ciple1 x di/ributes "s =ce outside ( itself4 ,le ,sage's !ory ( gravitation by ! inf9itive hail ( atoms _c /& a m9ute1 h5ce we come back z a necessity ( ?\ght to ,h]s*el's /atem5t4 ,x is b reasonable to reg>d gravity z a result ( a consci\sness & a w exi/5t some:]e4 ,:]e8 ,i read an old book speak+ ( ^! matt]s1 & x says ( ,god1 ,he hange? ! e>? ^u no?+2 he upholde? con/antly all ?+s by ! ^w ( 8 p[]4 ,page #bed ,by him all ?+s consi/ or hold toge!r4 ,x tea*es an imm95t m9d2 an almighty1 con/antly ex]t$ p[]4 ,pro( ( ?is />ts up on e side4 ,!re is a recogniz$ t5d5cy 9 all high-class en]gy to det]iorate to a l[] class4 ,!re is /eam 9 ! boil]1 b x wa/es )\t fuel4 ,!re is electricity 9 ! j>1 b e p>ticle ( air /eals away a little1 unless our consci\s =ce is ex]t$ to rega!r x4 ,!re is light 9 ! sun1 b inf9ite space waits to receive x1 & takes x swift z light c leap4 ,we said t if ! sun 7 pure coal1 x w\ld burn out 9 five ?\s& ye>s1 b x blazes undimm$ by ! million4 ,h[ c x8 ,!re h be5 v>i\s !ories3 *emical combu/ion1 x has fail$2 meteoric impact1 x is insuffici5t2 cond5sation1 x is n prov$2 & if x 71 x is an int]m$iate /ep back to ! orig9al cause ( cond5sation4 ,! f>-see+ eyes see 9 ! sun ! pres5t active p[] ( ,him :o fir/ said1 ,let !re be light1 & :o at any mom5t c meet a ,saul 9 ! way to ,damascus ) a light above ! brightness ( ! sun--ano!r noon aris5 on mid-day2 & ( :om x %all be said 9 ! et]nal /ate ( uncl\d$ brightness1 :]e sun & moon are no m1 ,! glory ( ! ,"l %all light5 x1 & ! ,lamb is ! light !re(4 ,b suppose matt] c\ld be d[]$1 t worlds c\ld h a gravitation1 "o ( two ?+s mu/ foll[3 ,x mu/ h consci\s k ( ! position1 exact weight1 & di/ance ( e atom1 mass1 & _w1 9 ord] to proportion ! exact am\nt ( gravity1 or x mu/ fill inf9ity ) an omnipres5t attractive p[]1 pull+ 9 myriads ( places at no?+2 9 ,page #bee a few places at worlds4 ,e _w mu/ ex]t an inf9itely ext5d$ p[]1 b myriads ( inf9ities _c be 9 ! same space4 ,! solution is1 "o inf9ite p[] & consci\s w4 ,to see ! impossibility ( e o!r solution1 jo9 9 ! long & microscopic hunt = ! ultimate p>ticle1 ! atom2 & if f\nd1 or if n f\nd1 to a consid]ation ( its rem>kable p[]s4 ,br+ telescopes & microscopes1 use all /rategy1 = t atom is difficult to cat*4 ,make ! fir/ se>* ) ! microscope3 we c c\nt #aab1jjj l9es rul$ on a glass plate inside ( an in*4 ,b we are "h look+ at m\nta9 ridges & valleys1 n atoms4 ,gold c be beat5 to ! #a_/cdjjjj ( an in*4 ,x c be drawn z ! coat+ ( a wire a ?\s& times ?9n]1 to ! #a_/cdjjjjjjj ( an in*4 ,b ! atoms are /ill heap$ "o ^u ano!r4 ,take "s ( ! infusorial animals4 ,alonzo ,gray says millions ( !m w\ld n equal 9 bulk a gra9 ( s&4 ,yet ea* ( !m p]=ms ! functions ( respiration1 circulation1 dige/ion1 & locomotion4 ,"s ( our blood-vessels are n a million? ( our size4 ,:at mu/ be ! size ( ! ultimate p>ticles t freely move ab\t to n\ri% an animal ^: totality is too small to e/imate8 ,a gra9 ( musk gives (f atoms en\gh to sc5t e "p ( ! air ( a room4 ,y detect x above1 bel[1 on e side4 ,!n let ! zephyrs ( summ] & ! bla/s ( w9t] sweep ?r\gh t room = =ty ye>s1 be>+ out into ! wide _w miles on miles ( air1 all p]fum$ f ! atoms ( t gra9 ( musk1 & at ! end ( ! =ty ye>s ! weight ( musk has n appreciably dim9i%$4 ,page #bef ,yet unc\ntable myriads on myriads ( atoms h gone4 ,our atom is n f\nd yet4 ,_m are ! ways ( se>*+ = x :i* we _c /op to consid]4 ,we w pass 9 review ! prop]ties ) :i* mat]iali/s prepo/]\sly end[ x4 ,x is imp5etrable & indivisible1 ?\gh "s atoms are a hundr$ times l>g] ?an o!rs4 ,ea* has def9ite %ape2 "s "o %ape1 & "s ano!r4 ,!y diff] 9 weight1 9 quantity ( comb9+ p[]1 9 quality ( comb9+ p[]4 ,!y comb9e ) diff]5t sub/ances1 9 c]ta9 exact assignable quantities4 ,?us "o atom ( hydrog5 comb9es ) eighty ( brom9e1 "o hundr$ & sixty ( m]cury1 two hundr$ & =ty ( boron1 ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty ( silicon1 etc4 ,h5ce our atom ( hydrog5 mu/ h p[] to c\nt1 or at lea/ to measure1 or be cognizant ( bulk4 ,aga91 atoms are ( diff]5t sorts1 z positive or negative to electric curr5ts4 ,!y h p[] to take diff]5t %apes ) diff]5t atoms 9 cry/allization2 t is1 !re is a p[] 9 !m1 consci\s or o!rwise1 t ! same bricks %all make !mselves into /ables or palaces1 sew]s or pavem5ts1 accord+ z ! mort> v>ies4 ,no1 no1 y cry out2 x is only accord+ z ! build] v>ies 8 plan4 ,!re is no ne$ to rehe>se ^! p[]s mu* fur!r2 ?\gh n "o-t5? ( ! suppos$ innate prop]ties ( ?is inf9itesimal inf9ite h be5 recit$--prop]ties :i* are express$ by ! words atomicity1 quantivil5ce1 monad1 dryad1 unival5t1 p]issad1 quadrival5t1 & tw5ty o!r t]ms1 ea* express+ "s end[m5t ( p[] 9 ?is 9 visible atom4 ,ref] to "o m presum$ ability1 an ability ,page #beg to keep !mselves 9 exact relation ( di/ance & p[] to ea* o!r1 )\t t\*+4 ,x is well kn[n t wat] does n fill ! space x occupies4 ,we c put eight or t5 simil> bulks ( diff]5t sub/ances into a glass ( wat] )\t greatly increas+ its bulk1 "s actually dim9i%+ x4 ,a philosoph] has said t ! atoms ( oxyg5 & hydrog5 are probably n ne>] to ea* o!r 9 wat] ?an "o hundr$ & fifty m5 w\ld be if scatt]$ ov] ! surface ( ,engl&1 "o man to f\r hundr$ squ>e miles4 ,! atoms ( ! lum9if]\s e!r are inf9itely m diffus$1 & yet its int]active atoms c give f\r hundr$ millions ( light-waves a second4 ,& n[1 m prepo/]\s ?an all1 ea* atom has an attractive p[] = e o!r atom ( ! univ]se4 ,! little mote1 visible only 9 a sunbeam /ream+ ?r\gh a d>k room1 & ! atom1 inf9itely small]1 has a grasp ^u ! :ole _w1 ! f>-(f sun1 & ! />s t p inf9ite space4 ,! ,sage ( ,concord advises y to hit* y\r wagon to a />4 ,b ?is is hit*+ all />s to an inf9itesimal "p ( a wagon4 ,su* an atom1 s d[]$1 s inf9ite1 s consci\s1 is an impossible conception4 ,b if matt] c\ld be s d[]$ z to produce su* results by me*anism1 c\ld x be d[]$ to produce ! results ( intellig5ce8 ,c\ld x be d[]$ ) p[] ( *oice )\t becom+ m9d8 ,if oxyg5 & hydrog5 c\ld be made able to comb9e into wat]1 c\ld ! same un=m$ matt] produce 9 "o case a plant1 9 ano!r a bird1 9 a ?ird a man2 & 9 ea* ( ^! put bone1 bra91 blood1 & n]ve 9 ,page #beh prop] relations8 ,matt] mu/ be m9d1 or subject to a pres5t work+ m9d1 to d ?is4 ,!re mu/ be a pres5t intellig5ce direct+ ! process1 lay+ ! dead bricks1 m>ble1 & wood 9 an intellig5t ord] = a liv+ temple4 ,if we d put ,god beh9d a s+le veil 9 dead matt]1 9 all liv+ ?+s he mu/ be app>5t & at "w4 ,if1 !n1 su* a ?+ z an inf9ite atom is impossible1 %all we n be/ und]/& matt] by say+ x is a visible repres5tation ( ,god's p]sonal w & p[]1 ( 8 p]sonal =ce1 & p]haps k1 set aside a little f himself1 /ill possess$ some:at ( 8 p]sonal attributes1 /ill responsive to 8 w4 ,:at we call matt] may be be/ und]/ood z ,god's =ce1 w1 k1 r5d]$ app>5t1 /atic1 & unwe>iably op]ative4 ,unless matt] is et]nal1 :i* is un?9kable1 !re 0 no?+ out ( :i* ! _w c\ld be made1 b ,god himself2 &1 rev]5tly be x said1 matt] seems to reta9 fit capabilities = su* s\rce4 ,is n ?is ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible8 ,i come to ! old ,book4 ,i come to t man :o 0 tak5 up into ! arcana ( ! ?ird heav51 ! holy ( holies1 & he>d ?+s impossible to ^w4 ,i f9d he makes a cle>1 unequivocal /atem5t ( ?is tru? z ,god's revelation to him4 ,by fai?1 says ! au?or ( ,hebrews1 we und]/& ! worlds 7 fram$ by ! ^w ( ,god1 s t ?+s :i* are se5 7 n made ( ?+s :i* d appe>4 ,9 ,cor9?ians1 ,paul says--,b to u !re is b "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ( :om z a s\rce are all ?+s2 & "o ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 by :om z a creative work] are all ?+s4 ,s 9 ,romans he says--,= out ( him1 & ?r\gh him1 & to him are all ?+s1 to :om be glory =ev]4 ,am54 ,page #bei ,god's intimate relation to matt] is expla9$4 ,no wond] ! =ces respond to 8 w2 no wond] pan!ism--! idea t matt] is ,god--has _h su* a hold ^u ! m9ds ( m54 ,matt]1 d]iv$ f him1 be>s m>ks ( its p>5tage1 is su/a9$ by him1 & :5 ! ,div9e w %all draw x ne>] to himself ! new p[] & capabilities ( a new creation %all appe>4 ,let u pay a high] respect to ! attractions & aff9ities2 to ! plan & p[] ( gr[?2 to ! wisdom ( ! ant2 ! geometry ( ! bee2 ! migrat+ in/9ct t rises & /ret*es its w+s t[>d a provid$ ,s\?--= x is all ,god's pres5t wisdom & p[]4 ,let u come to t true insight ( ! old prophets1 :o are fitt+ly call$ se]s2 ^: eyes pi]c$ ! veil ( matt]1 & saw ,god clo?+ ! grass ( ! field1 fe$+ ! sp>r[s1 giv+ sn[ l wool & scatt]+ ho>-fro/ l a%es1 & ev] /&+ on ! b[ ( our wide-sail+ _w1 & ev] say+ to all tumultu\s =ces1 ,peace1 be /ill4 ,let u1 ) m rev]5t /ep1 walk ! leafy solitudes1 & say3 ,fa!r1 ?y h& ,ha? re>$ ^! v5]able columns3 ,?\ ,did'/ weave ?is v]dant ro(4 ,?\ did'/ look d[n ,^u ! nak$ e>?1 & =?wise rose ,all ^! fair ranks ( trees4 ,!y 9 ,?y sun ,budd$1 & %ook _! gre5 leaves 9 ,?y breeze4 ,t delicate =e/ fl[]1 ,) sc5t$ brea? & looks s l a smile1 ,seems1 z x issues f ! %apeless m\ld1 ,an emanation ( ! indwell+ life1 ,a visible tok5 ( ! unfold+ love ,t are ! s\l ( ?is wide univ]se4--,,bryant4 ,page #bfj ,philosophy has se5 ! va/ ma*9e ( ! univ]se1 :eel )9 :eel1 9 c\ntless numb]s & hopeless intricacy4 ,b x has n _h ! spiritual insight ( ,ezekiel to see t !y 7 ev]yone ( !m full ( eyes--,god's own emblem ( ! omnisci5t sup]vision4 ,:at if !re are "s s\nds t d n seem to be musically rhy?mic4 ,i h se5 :]e an avalan*e broke f ! m\nta9 side & buri$ a hapless city2 h se5 ! face ( a cliff %att]$ to fragm5ts by ! weight ( its sup]9cumb5t mass1 or pi]c$ by ! f+]s ( ! fro/ & torn away4 ,all ^! ?und] d[n ! valley & are pulv]iz$ to s&4 ,is ?is music8 ,no1 b x is a tun+ ( in/rum5ts4 ,! rootlets seize ! s& & turn x to soil1 to woody fibre1 leafy v]dure1 bloom+ fl[]s1 & delici\s fruit4 ,?is asks life to come1 p>take1 & be made /rong4 ,! grass gives itself to all fle%1 ! insect gr[s to fe$ ! bird1 ! bird to n\ri% ! animal1 ! animal to develop ! man4 ,not)/&+ ! t5d5cy ( all high-class en]gy to det]iorate1 to f9d equilibrium1 & s be /r5g?less & dead1 !re is1 someh[1 9 nature a trem5d\s pu% upw>d4 ,ask any philosoph]1 & he w tell y t ! t5d5cy ( all end[$ =ces is to f9d _! equilibrium & be at re/--t is1 dead4 ,he draws a dismal picture ( ! "t :5 ! sun %all be burn$ out1 & ! _w float l a *>nel %ip ?r\gh ! d>k1 cold voids ( space--! sun a burn$-out *>1 a dead c9d]1 & ! _w "o dismal sil5ce1 cold beyond measure1 & dead beyond consci\sness4 ,! philosoph] has wail$ a dirge )\t ,page #bfa hope1 a requiem )\t gr&eur1 ov] ! _w's future4 ,b nature h]self1 to all e>s attun$1 s+s pans1 & %\ts to m5 t ! highe/ en]gy1 t ( life1 does n det]iorate4 ,m]e nature may det]iorate4 ,! end[m5ts ( =ce mu/ sp5d !mselves4 ,w\nd-up wat*es & worlds mu/ run d[n4 ,b nature su/a9$ by unexp5dable =ces mu/ abide4 ,nature fill$ ) unexp5dable =ces cont9ues 9 =m4 ,nature impell$ by a magnific5t pu% ( life mu/ ev] rise4 ,/udy h] hi/ory 9 ! pa/4 ,sulphur\s realms ( deadly gases become solid worlds2 surplus sunlight becomes coal1 :i* is res]v$ p[]2 surplus c>bon becomes diamonds2 s$im5ts settle until ! heav5s are azure1 ! air pure1 ! wat] transluc5t4 ,if t is ! progress ( ! pa/1 :y %\ld x det]iorate 9 ! future8 ,!re is a sy/em ( laws 9 ! univ]se 9 :i* ! high] h ma/]y ov] ! l[]4 ,l[] p[]s are con/itutionally arrang$ to be ov]come2 high] p[]s are con/itutionally arrang$ = ma/]y4 ,at "o "t ! wat] lies 9 ev5 lay]s ne> ! ocean's b$1 9 ob$i5ce to ! law or p[] ( gravitation4 ,at ano!r "t x is heav$ into m\nta9 bill[s by ! %\ld]s ( ! w9d4 ,aga9 x flies al(t 9 ! ris+ mi/s ( ! morn+1 transfigur$ by a ?\s& ra9 b[s by ! high] p[]s ( ! sun4 ,aga9 x develops ! enorm\s =ce ( /eam by ! p[] ( heat4 ,aga9 x divides into two light fly+ airs by electricity4 ,aga9 x /&s upright z a heap by ! p[] ( "s law 9 ! _s realm1 ^: mode ( work+ we are n yet l>ge en\gh ,page #bfb to compreh5d4 ,! wat] is solid1 liquid1 gase\s on e>?1 & 9 air accord+ to ! grade ( p[] op]at+ ^u x4 ,! con/ant inv5tion ( man f9ds high] & high] p[]s4 ,once he ?rottl$ 8 game1 & (t5 p]i%$ 9 ! desp]ate /ruggle2 !n he trapp$ x2 !n pi]c$ x ) ! javel92 !n %ot x ) an arr[1 or set ! spr+y gases to hurl a rifle-ball at x4 ,sometime he may po9t at x an electric sp>k1 & x %all be 84 ,once he we>ily trudg$ 8 tw5ty miles a day1 !n he took ! horse into s]vice & made sixty2 invok$ ! w9ds1 & rode on _! /eady w+s two hundr$ & =ty2 tam$ ! /eam1 & made almo/ "o ?\s&2 & if he _c yet s5d 8 body1 he c 8 m9d1 "o ?\s& miles a second4 ,x all dep5ds ^u ! grade ( p[] he uses4 ,n[1 he> ! gr& tru? ( nature3 z ! ye>s progress ! high] grades ( p[] increase4 ,ei!r by discov]y or creation1 !re are /ill high] class =ces to be made available4 ,once !re 0 no air1 no usable electricity4 ,!re is no lack ( ^? high] p[]s n[4 ,! high] we g ! m ( !m we f9d4 ,mr4 ,locky] says t ! pa/ t5 ye>s h be5 ye>s ( revelation conc]n+ ! sun4 ,a man c\ld n read 9 t5 ye>s ! libr>y ( books creat$ 9 t "t conc]n+ ! sun4 ,b ?\gh we h solv$ c]ta9 problems & my/]ies1 ! my/]ies h increas$ t5fold4 ,we d n "k t any new & high] =ces h be5 add$ to matt] s9ce man's acqua9tance ) x4 ,b x w\ld be easy to add any numb] ( !m1 or *ange any l[] into high]4 ,t is ! ,page #bfc mean+ ( ! fall+ granite t becomes soil1 ( ! pulv]iz$ lava t decks ! volcano's trembl+ sides ) fl[]s2 t is ! mean+ ( ! grass becom+ fle%1 & ( all high =ces con/itutionally arrang$ = ma/]y ov] l[]4 ,take ! ore f ! m\nta94 ,x is loose1 friable1 wor?less 9 itself4 ,raise x 9 capacity to ca/-iron1 wr\ght-iron1 /eel1 x becomes a highway = ! comm]ce ( nations1 ov] ! m\nta9s & "u !m4 ,x becomes bones1 muscles1 body = ! inspir+ s\l ( /eam4 ,x holds up ! airy bridge ov] ! deep *asm4 ,x is ob$i5t 9 y\r h& z blade1 hamm]1 b>1 or spr+4 ,x is inspirable by electricity1 & be>s human hopes1 fe>s1 & loves 9 its own bosom4 ,x has be5 rais$ f valueless ore4 ,*ange x aga9 to some?+ z f> above /eel z t is above ore4 ,*ange all e>?ly ores to highe/ possibility2 /r+ !m to f9e/ tissues1 & ! new result may fit ,god's h& z tools1 & ?rill ) 8 wisdom & creative processes1 a body fitt$ = ,god's _s z well z ! /eel is fitt$ to y\r h&4 ,f ?is _w take opacity1 gravity1 d>kness1 br+ 9 m m9d1 love1 & ,god1 & !n we w h heav54 ,an imman5t ,god makes a pla/ic _w4 ,:5 man %all h ma/]$ ! =ces t n[ exi/1 ! orig9al ,creator & ,su/a9] w say1 ,behold1 ,i create all ?+s new4 ,nature %all be call$ ne>] to ,god1 be m full ( 8 p[]4 ,to ! long-w&]+ neas1 8 div9e "m sometimes came to *e] 8 he>t & to direct 8 /eps4 ,b ! goddess only %[$ h]self div9e by h] dep>ture2 only :5 he /ood 9 desolation did ! h]o "k he _h ,page #bfd /ood face to face ) div9e p[]1 beauty1 & love4 ,n s ! ,*ri/ian s*ol>s1 ! w&]]s 9 ,nature's b[]s to-day4 ,9 ! fir/ dawn ( discov]y1 we see h] full ( beauty & /r5g?2 9 clos] communion1 we f9d h] full ( wisdom2 to our p]fect k1 %e reveals an indwell+ ,god 9 h]2 to our ard5t love1 %e reveals an indwell+ ,god 9 u4 ,b ! evid5ce ( ! progressive ref9em5ts ( habitation is no m cle> ?an t ( progressive ref9em5t ( ! inhabitant3 !re mu/ be "s "o to use ^! f9] ?+s4 ,an empty h\se is n ,god's ideal nor man's4 ,! *ild may h&le a toy1 b a man mu/ m\nt a locomotive2 & be=e !re c be ,new ,j]usalems ) gold5 /reets1 !re mu/ be m5 m av>ici\s ( k ?an ( gold1 or !y w\ld dig !m up2 m zeal\s = love ?an jewels1 or !y w\ld unhang ! pe>ly gates4 ,! uplift+ ref9em5t ( ! mat]ial _w has be5 kept back until !re %\ld appe> ma/]ful spirits able to h&le ! high] =ces4 ,doors h op5$ on e side to new realms ( p[]1 :5 m5 h be5 able to wield !m4 ,if m5 lose t ability !y close aga91 & %ut out ! k & light4 ,!n ages1 d>k & feeble1 foll[4 ,"s explore prophecy = ! date ( ! gr& trans=mation ( matt] by ! com+ ( ! ,son ( ,man1 = a new creation4 ,a little /udy ( nature w\ld %[ t ! date _c be fix$4 ,a little /udy ( ,pet] w\ld %[ ! same ?+4 ,he says1 ,:at mann] ( p]sons ought ye to be1 9 all holy conv]sation & godl9ess1 look+ = & ha/5+ ! com+ ,page #bfe ( ! day ( ,god1 :]e9 ! heav5s be+ on fire %all be dissolv$1 & ! elem5ts %all melt ) f]v5t heat8 ,nev]!less we1 accord+ to 8 promise1 look = a new heav5 & a new e>?4 ,! idea is1 t ! gr& trans=mation ( matt] waits ! read9ess ( man4 ,! k+dom waits ! k+4 ,! scatt]$ cantons ( ,italy 7 only pro/rate prov9ces till ,victor ,emanuel came1 !n !y 7 develop$ into unit$ ,italy4 ,! pro/rate prov9ces ( matt] are n develop$ until ! man is victor1 able to rule !re a realm equal to t5 cities "h4 ,e good man ha/5s ! com+ ( ! day ( ,god & nature's r5ovation4 ,n only does inf]5ce tea* t !re mu/ be f9] m51 b fact affirms t trans=mation has already tak5 place4 ,life is meant to h p[] ov] *emical =ces4 ,x sep>ates c>bon f its comp\nds & builds a tree1 sep>ates ! elem5ts & builds ! body1 holds !m sep>ate until life )draws4 ,m life means high] be+4 ,c]ta9ly m5 c be ref9$ & recapacitat$ z well z ore4 ,9 ,ovid's ,metamorphoses he repres5ts ! lion 9 process ( =mation f e>?1 h9d qu>t]s /ill clay1 b =e qu>t]s1 head1 erect mane1 & blaz+ eye--live lion--& paw+ to get free4 ,we h se5 w+$ spirits yet l9k$ to =ms ( clay1 b beat+ ! cele/ial air1 endeavor+ to be free2 & we h se5 !m1 d[]$ ) new sight1 fill$ ) new love1 break loose & rise to high] be+4 ,9 ?is gr& apo!osis ( man :i* nature tea*es1 progress lias already be5 made4 ,man has already outgr[n 8 h>mony ) ! environm5t ( m]e matt]4 ,he has giv5 8 h& to sci5ce1 & be5 lift$ up above ! e>? into ! voids ( inf9ite space4 ,he ,page #bff has gone on & on1 till ?\ght1 we>i$ amid/ ! inf9ities ( velocity & di/ance1 has ceas$ to note !m4 ,b he is n cont5t2 all 8 faculties are n fill$4 ,he feels t 8 future self is 9 dang] ( n be+ satisfi$ ) space1 & worlds1 & all m5tal delights1 ev5 z 8 manhood fails to be satisfi$ ) ! mat]iel toys ( 8 babyhood4 ,he asks = an ,au?or & ,mak] ( ?+s1 inf9itely above !m4 ,he has se5 wisdom unse>*able1 p[] illimitable2 b he asks = p]sonal sympa?y & love4 ,paul expresses 8 feel+3 e creature--n ! :ole creation--groane? & travaile? 9 pa9 toge!r until n[1 wait+ = ! adoption--! uplift+ f orphanage to p>5tage--a translation out ( d>kness into ! k+dom ( ,god's de> ,son4 ,he he>s t a man 9 ,*ri/ is a new creation3 old ?+s pass away1 all ?+s become new4 ,!re is !n a possibility ( f9d+ ! ,au?or ( nature1 & ! ,fa!r ( man4 ,he beg9s 8 /udies anew4 ,n[ he sees t all l9es ( k conv]ge z !y g out t[>d ! inf9ite my/]y2 sees t ^! conv]g+ l9es are ! re9s ( gov]nm5t 9 ?is _w2 sees ! conv]g+ l9es grasp$ by an almighty h&2 sees a lov+ face & =m beh9d2 sees t ^! l9es ( k & p[] are 8 p]sonal n]ves1 along :i* fla%es 8 w1 & e =ce 9 ! univ]se answ]s l a p]fect muscle4 ,!n he asks if ?is ,p]sonality is z full ( love z ( p[]4 ,he is told ( a t5d]ness too deep = te>s1 a love t has ! ,cross = its symbol1 & a dy+ cry = its expression3 seek+ x1 he is a new creation4 ,he sees m wondr\s ?+s 9 ! ,^w ?an 9 ! ,page #bfg _w4 ,he comes to "k ,god ) 8 he>t1 bett] ?an he kn[s ,god's works by 8 m9d4 ,e song closes ) ! key-note ) :i* x began1 & ! brief cad5ce at ! close h9ts ! realms ( s\nd ?r\gh :i* x has tri$ its w+s4 ,! brief cad5ce at ! close is ?is3 ,all =ce runs back into m9d = its s\rce1 con/ant support1 & uplifts into high] grades4 ,mr4 ,grove says1 ,causation is ! w1 creation is ! act1 ( ,god4 ,creation is plann$ & inspir$ = ! atta9m5t ( con/antly ris+ results4 ,! ord] is *aos1 light1 worlds1 vegetable =ms1 animal life1 !n man4 ,!re is no reason to pause "h4 ,?is is n p]fection1 n ev5 p]petuity4 ,orig9al plans are n accompli%$1 nor orig9al =ce exhau/$4 ,9 ano!r _w1 free f sickness1 sorr[1 pa91 & dea?1 p]fection ( abode is (f]$4 ,p]fection ( inhabitant is necess>y2 & z ! creative p[] is ev]y:]e pres5t = ! v>i\s uplifts & ref9em5ts ( matt]1 x is ev]y:]e pres5t ) appropriate p[] = ! uplift+ & ref9em5t ( m9d & _s4 ,page #bfi ,,summ>y ,,( ,,late/ ,,discov]ies ,,& ,,conclusions4 ,movem5ts on ! ,sun4--,! discov]y & measurem5t ( ! up-ru%1 d[n-ru%1 & :irl ( curr5ts ab\t ! sunspots1 also ( ! det]m9ation ( ! velocity ( rotation by means ( ! spectroscope1 z describ$ 7page #ec71 is "o ( ! mo/ delicate & difficult a*ievem5ts ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,movem5t ( ,/>s 9 ,l9e ( ,sight 7page #ea74--,! foll[+ table %[s ?is movem5t ( />s1 s f> z at pres5t kn[n3 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,aproa*+4 ,,rec$+4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,map4 ,"n4 ,rate ,map4 ,"n4 ,rate p] sec4 p] sec4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,fig4 #ga;,arcturus #ee miles ,fig4 #fi ,sirius #bj miles #gb,vega #ej ,fr'piece,betelguese #bb #gc;a ,cygni #ci ,rigel #ae #fi,pollux #di ,fig4 #fi ,ca/or #be #fg;,dubhe #df #gj ,regulus #ae ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,sun's ,appe>ance4--,?is 0 =m]ly suppos$ to be an ev51 regul>1 dazzl+ brightness1 except :]e ! spots appe>$4 ,b ! sun's surface is n[ kn[n to be mottl$ ) :at are call$ rice gra9s or will[ leaves4 ,b ! rice gra9s are z l>ge z ! cont95t ( ,am]ica4 ,! spaces betwe5 are call$ pores4 ,!y con/itute an innum]able numb] ( small spots4 ,?is appe>ance ( ! g5]al surface is well portray$ 9 ! cut on page #ib4 ,close ,relation betwe5 ,sun & ,e>?4-,m5 always knew t ! e>? receiv$ light f ! sun4 ,!y subsequ5tly discov]$ t ! e>? 0 mom5t>ily held by ! p[] ,page #bgj ( gravitation4 ,b x is a rec5t discov]y t ! light is "o ( ! pr9cipal ag5ts 9 *emical *anges1 9 molecul> gr\p+ & _w-build+1 ?us mak+ all k9ds ( life possible 7p4 #cj-cf74 ,! close connection ( ! sun & ! e>? w be /ill f>!r %[n 9 ! relation ( sun-spots & auroras4 ,"o ( ! mo/ significant in/ances is relat$ on page #ai1 :5 ! e>? felt ! fall ( bolides ^u ! sun4 ,memb]s ( ! body no m answ] to ! he>t ?an ! planets d to ! sun4 ,hydrog5 ,flames4--,x has be5 demon/rat$ t ! sun flames #bjj1jjj miles high are hydrog5 9 a /ate ( flam+ inc&esc5ce 7page #he74 ,sun's ,di/ance4--,! =m] e/imate1 #ie1eac1gid miles1 has be5 r$uc$ by ne>ly "o-?irtie?4 ,locky] has /at$ x z l[ z #hi1hie1jjj miles1 & ,proctor1 9 ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 at #ia1dcj1jjj miles1 b discov]$ errors %[ t ^! e/imates are too small4 ,newcomb gives #ib1djj1jjj z )9 #bjj1jjj miles ( ! correct di/ance4 ,! data = a new det]m9ation ( ?is di/ance1 obta9$ f ! transit ( ,v5us1 ,decemb] #h?1 #ahgd1 h n yet be5 deciph]$2 a fact t %[s ! difficulty & labori\sness ( ! "w4 ,mean:ile x beg9s to be evid5t t obs]vations ( ! transit ( ,v5us d n af=d ! be/ basis = ! mo/ p]fect det]m9ation ( ! sun's di/ance4 ,s9ce ! e>?'s di/ance is our a/ronomical unit ( measure1 x foll[s t all o!r di/ances w be *ang$1 :5 express$ 9 miles1 by ?is asc]ta9$ *ange ( ! value ( ! /&>d4 ,oxyg5 9 ! ,sun4--,9 #ahgg ,pr(essor ,drap] ann\nc$ ! discov]y ( oxyg5 l9es 9 ! spectrum ( ! sun4 ,! discov]y 0 d\bt$1 & ! me?ods us$ 7 criticis$ by ,locky] & o!rs1 b lat] & m delicate exp]im5ts sub/antiate ,pr(essor ,drap]'s claim to ! discov]y4 ,! elem5ts kn[n to exi/ 9 ! sun are salt1 iron1 hydrog51 ,page #bga magnesium1 b>ium1 copp]1 z9c1 cromium1 & nickel4 ,"s elem5ts 9 ! sun are sc>cely1 if at all1 discov]able on ! e>?1 & "s on ! e>? n yet disc]nible 9 ! sun4 ,sub/ance ( ,/>s4--,aldeb>an 7,frontispiece7 %[s salt1 magnesium1 hydrog51 calcium1 iron1 bismu?1 tellurium1 antimony1 & m]cury4 ,"s ( ! sun's metals d n appe>4 ,/>s diff] 9 _! v sub/ance1 & w1 no d\bt1 introduce new elem5ts to u unkn[n be=e4 ,! !ory t all nebul are v di/ant clu/]s ( />s is utt]ly disprov$ by ! cle>e/ pro( t "s ( !m are only inc&esc5t gases ( "o or two k9ds4 ,discov]ies ( ,new ,bodies4--,vulcan1 ! planet ne>e/ ! sun 7page #ach74 ,! two satellites ( ,m>s 7 discov]$ by ,mr4 ,hall1 ,u4 ,s4 ,naval ,obs]vatory1 ,augu/ #aa?1 #ahgg 7page #afa74 ,! out] "o is call$ ,diemas2 ! inn]1 ,phobus4 ,sir ,william ,h]s*el ?\ght he discov]$ six satellites ( ,uranus4 ,! exi/5ce ( f\r ( !m has be5 disprov$ by ! rese>*es ( m5 ) l>g] telescopes4 ,two new ones1 h[ev]1 7 discov]$ by ,mr4 ,lassell 9 #ahdf4 ,saturn's ,r+s are prov$ to be 9 a /ate ( fluidity & contraction 7page #aga74 ,meteors & ,comets4--,! orbits ( ov] "o hundr$ sw>ms ( meteoric bodies are fix$3 _! relation to1 & 9 "s cases ind5tity )1 comets det]m9$4 ,"s comets are prov$ to be masses ( great weight & solidity 7page #acc74 ,a]olites4-,"s h a texture l our l[e/ /rata ( rocks4 ,!re is a geology ( />s & meteors z well z ( ! e>?4 ,m4 ,meuni] has j receiv$ ! ,lal&e ,m$al f ! ,p>is ,academy = 8 treatise %[+ t1 s f> z our pres5t k c det]m9e1 "s ( ^! meteors once belong$ to a globe develop$ 9 true geological epo*s1 & :i* has be5 sep>at$ into fragm5ts by ag5cies ) :i* we are n acqua9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hb4--;,horizontal ,p5dulum4 ,! ,horizontal ,p5dulum4--,?is delicate in/rum5t is ,page #bgb repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #hb4 ,x consi/s ( an upright /&>d1 /rongly brac$2 a weight1 m1 susp5d$ by ! hair-spr+ ( a wat*1 ,b ,d1 & held 9 a horizontal position by ano!r wat*-spr+1 ,a ,c4 ,! weight is deflect$ f side to side by ! slighte/ influ5ce4 ,! lea/ *ange 9 ! level ( a base ?irty-n9e in*es long t c\ld be detect$ by a _s-level is #j4a ( an arc--equal to rais+ "o end #a_/bjfh ( an in*4 ,b ! p5dulum detects a rais+ ( "o end #a_/cfjjjjjj ( an in*4 ,to obs]ve ! movem5ts ( ! p5dulum1 x is kept 9 a d>k room1 & a ray ( light is direct$ to ! mirror1 m1 & !nce reflect$ ^u a scre54 ,?us ! lea/ movem5t may be enorm\sly magnifi$1 & read & measur$ by ! mov+ spot on ! scre54 ,x has be5 discov]$ t :5 ! sun rises x has suffici5t attraction to incl9e ?is in/rum5t to ! ea/2 :5 x sets1 to incl9e x to ! we/4 ,! same is true ( ! moon4 ,:5 ei!r is exactly ov]head or und]foot1 ( c\rse !re is no deflection4 ,! mean deflection caus$ by ! moon at ris+ or sett+ is #j4jagd2 by ! sun1 #j4jjh4 ,great results are expect$ f ?is in/rum5t h>dly kn[n z yet3 among o!rs1 :e!r gravitation acts in/antly or consumes "t 9 com+ f ! sun4 ,?is w be %[n by ! "t ( ! *ange ( ! p5dulum f ea/ to we/ :5 ! sun rea*es ! z5i?1 & vice v]sa :5 x crosses ! nadir4 ,! sun w be be/ /udi$ )\t light1 9 ! quiet & d>kness ( "s deep m9e4 ,page #bgc ,light ( ,unse5 ,/>s4--,f c>eful exam9ation1 x appe>s t ?ree-f\r?s ( ! light on a f9e />light night comes f />s t _c be disc]n$ by ! nak$ eye4 ,! :ole am\nt ( /> light is ab\t "o-eightie? ( t ( ! full moon4 ,lat]al ,movem5ts ( ,/>s1 page #bbf-bh4 ,future ,discov]ies--,a ,trans-,neptunian ,planet4--,pr(essor ,asaph ,hall says3 ,x is kn[n to me t at lea/ two ,am]ican a/ronom]s1 arm$ ) p[]ful telescopes1 h be5 se>*+ q rec5tly = a trans-,neptunian planet4 ,^! se>*es h be5 caus$ by ! fact t ,pr(essor ,newcomb's tables ( ,uranus & ,neptune already beg9 to diff] f obs]vation4 ,b are we to inf] f ^! errors ( ! planet>y tables ! exi/5ce ( a trans-,neptunian planet8 ,x is possible t su* a planet may exi/1 b ! probability is1 ,i ?9k1 t ! diff]5ces are caus$ by errors 9 ! !ories ( ^! planets4 99 99 99 ,a few ye>s ago ! rem>k 0 frequ5tly made t ! labors ( a/ronom]s on ! sol> sy/em 7 f9i%$1 & t h5ce=? !y c\ld turn _! :ole att5tion to sid]eal a/ronomy4 ,b to-day we h ! lun> !ory 9 a v disc\rag+ condition1 & ! !ories ( ,m]cury1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 ,uranus1 & ,neptune all 9 ne$ ( revision2 unless1 inde$1 ,lev]ri]'s !ories ( ! la/ two planets %all /& ! te/ ( obs]vation4 ,b1 aft] all1 su* a condition ( ?+s is only ! natural result ( long & accurate s]ies ( obs]vations1 :i* make evid5t ! small inequalities 9 ! motions1 & br+ to light ! errors ( !ory4 ,future discov]ies w mo/ly reveal ! laws & conditions ( ! high] & f9] =ces4 ,already ,pr(essor ,loomis telegraphs tw5ty miles )\t wire1 by ! electric curr5ts betwe5 m\nta9s4 ,we beg9 to use electricity = light1 & feel aft] x = a motor4 ,comets & ,auroras %[ its pres5ce betwe5 worlds1 & 9 ! int]/ell> spaces4 ,let ano!r ,newton arise4 ,page #bgd ,,"s ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,sol> ,,sy/em ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,mean ,di/4 f ,sun4 ------------------- ,mean ,d5sity4 ,e>?'s ,diamet] ,e>? ,"n4 ,sign4 ,masses4 ,di/4 ,millions 9 ,miles4 #a4 z #a4 ( ,miles4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,sun ,symbol ,unity #hfj1jjj #j4bee ,m]cury ,symbol#a_/ejjjjjj787 #j4chg #ce-c_/d #b1iib #a4ba ,v5us ,symbol #a_/dbejjj #j4gbc #ff-c_/d #g1ffj #j4he ,e>? ,symbol #a_/cbfhjj #a4 #ib-a_/c #g1iah #a4 ,m>s ,symbol #a_/biejjjj #a4ebc #ada #d1baa #j4gcg ,a/]oids 7,no47 ,jupit] ,symbol #a_/ajdg #e4bjc #dhj #hf1jjj #j4bdc ,saturn ,symbol #a_/ceja #i4ech #hha #gj1ejj #j4acc ,uranus ,symbol #a_/bbfjj #ai4ahc #agga #ca1gjj #j4bbf ,neptune ,symbol #a_/aichj #cj4jed #bgge #cd1ejj #j4bjd ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,gravity ,axial at ,orbital ,revolu- ,surface4 ,p]iodic ,velocity ,"n4 tion ,e>? ,"t4 9 ,miles #a p] sec4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,sun #be to #bf;d #bg4ga ,m]cury #bd;h #em787 #j4df #hg4ig;d #bi4ee ,v5us #bc;h #bam787 #j4hb #bbd4gj;d #ba4fa ,e>? #bc;h #efm #ds #a4 #cfe4bf;d #ah4ch ,m>s #bd;h #cgm #bb4gs #j4ci #fhf4ih;d #ad4ii ,a/]oids ,jupit] #i;h #eem #bjs #b4fd #aa4hfyrs #h4jf ,saturn #aj;h #adm #a4ah #bi4dfyrs #e4ie ,uranus ,unkn[n4 #j4ij #hd4jbyrs #d4bj ,neptune ,unkn[n4 #j4hi #afd4ghyrs #c4cf ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,page #bge ,,explanation ,,( ,,a/ronomical ,,symbols4 ,,signs ,,( ,,! ,,zodiac #j4 ,symbol ,aries #j ,,vi4 ,symbol ,libra #ahj ,i4 ,symbol ,taurus #cj ,,vii4 ,symbol ,scorpio #baj ,,ii4 ,symbol ,gem9i #fj ,,viii4 ,symbol ,sagitt>ius #bdj ,,iii4 ,symbol ,canc] #ij ,,ix4 ,symbol ,capricornus #bgj ,,iv4 ,symbol ,leo #abj ,x4 ,symbol ,aqu>ius #cjj ,v4 ,symbol ,virgo #aej ,,xi4 ,symbol ,pisces #ccj 99 99 99 99 99 ,symbol ,conjunction4 ,s4 ,seconds ( ,"t4 ,symbol ,quadrature4 ,degrees4 ,symbol ,opposition4 ' ,m9utes ( ,arc4 ,symbol ,asc5d+ ,node4 ,seconds ( ,arc4 ,symbol ,desc5d+ ,node4 ,r4 ,a4 ,"r ,asc5sion4 ,h4 ,h\rs4 ,decl4 or ,d4 ,decl9ation4 ,m4 ,m9utes ( ,"t4 ,n4 ,p4 ,d4 ,di/4 ,f ,nor? ,pole4 ,,o!r ,,abbreviations ,,us$ ,,9 ,,! ,,almanac4 ,s41 ,s\?1 i4e41 crosses ! m]idian2 ,m41 morn+2 ,a1 ,aft]noon2 ,gr4 ,h4 ,l4 ,n41 greate/ helioc5tric latitude nor?1 i4e41 greate/ di/ance nor? ( ! ecliptic1 z se5 f ! sun4 ,symbols ,inf41 inf]ior conjunction2 ,sup41 sup]ior conjunction4 ,,greek ,,alphabet ,,us$ ,,indicat+ ,,! ,,/>s4 a1 alpha4 ae1 eta4 n1 nu4 t1 tau4 b1 beta4 ?1 !ta4 x1 xi4 u1 upsilon4 g1 gamma4 i1 iota4 o1 omicron4 ph1 phi4 d1 delta4 k1 kappa4 p1 pi4 *1 *i4 e1 epsilon4 l1 lambda4 r1 rho4 ps1 psi4 z1 zeta4 m1 mu4 s1 sigma4 o1 omega4 ,page #bgf ,,*autauqua ,,outl9e ,,= ,,/ud5ts4 ,z an aid to compreh5sion1 e /ud5t %\ld draw illu/rative figures ( ! v>i\s circles1 planes1 & situations describ$4 7,= example1 see ,fig4 #de1 page #aab47 ,z an aid to memory1 ! portion ( ?is outl9e ref]r+ to ea* *apt] %\ld be exam9$ at ! close ( ! read+1 & ?is m]e sket* fill$ up to a p]fect picture f recollection4 ,i4 ,creative ,processes4--,! dial-plate ( ! sky4 ,cause or diff]5t weights--on sun1 moon4 ,two laws ( gravity4 ,in]tia4 ,fall ( e>? to sun p] second4 ,=w>d motion4 ,ela/ic attraction4 ,p]turbation ( moon2 ( ,jupit] & ,saturn4 ,oscillations ( planets4 ,,ii4 ,light4--,f cond5sation4 ,numb] ( vibrations ( r$2 violet4 ,!rmomet] aga9/ air4 ,a]olite aga9/ e>?4 ,two bolides aga9/ ! sun4 ,l>ge eye4 ,velocity ( light4 ,prism4 ,color means diff]5t vibrations4 ,music ( light4 ,light reports sub/ance ( />s4 ,=ce (2 bridge1 ra91 disp]sion1 int5sities1 reflection1 refraction1 decomposition4 ,,iii4 ,a/ronomical ,in/rum5ts4--,refract+ telescope4 ,reflect+2 l>ge/4 ,spectroscope4 ,spectra ( sun1 hydrog51 sodium1 etc4 ,e made ,g by approa*2 ,c by dep>ture4 ,/>s approa* & rec$e4 ,,iv4 ,cele/ial ,measurem5ts4-,place & "t by />s4 ,degrees1 m9utes1 seconds4 ,mapp+ />s4 ,mural circle4 ,sl[ wat*4 ,hoosac ,tunnel4 ,f9e measurem5ts4 ,sid]eal "t4 ,spid]-l9es4 ,p]sonal equation4 ,measure di/ance--height4 ,t5-in* base l9e4 ,p>allax ( sun1 />s4 ,longitude at sea4 ,di/ance ( ,pol>is1 a ,c5tauri1 #fa ,cygni4 ,orbits ( a/]oids4 ,v4 ,! ,sun4--,_w on fire4 ,app>5t size f planets4 ,zodiacal light4 ,corona4 ,hydrog5--h[ high8 ,size4 ,h[ _m e>?s8 ,spots3 #a4 ,motion2 #b4 ,edges2 #c4 ,v>iable2 #d4 ,p]iodic2 #e4 ,cyclonic2 #f4 ,size2 #g4 ,velocities4 ,:at ! sun does4 ,exp]im5ts4 ,,vi4 ,! ,planets f ,space4--,nor? ,pole4 ,spe$4 ,sizes4 ,axial revolution4 ,man's weight on4 ,seasons4 ,p>allelism ( axis4 ,e>? ne> ,page #bgg sun 9 w9t]4 ,plane ( ecliptic4 ,orbits incl9$ to4 ,e>? rotates4 ,pro(4 ,sun's pa? among />s4 ,position ( planets4 ,motion--direct1 retrograde4 ,exp]im5ts4 ,,vii4 ,meteors4--,size2 numb]2 cause (2 above e>?2 velocity2 colors2 numb] 9 space2 telescopic view (4 ,a]olites3 ,sy/ems (2 h[ _m kn[n4 ,comets3 ,orbits2 numb] ( comets2 ,halley's2 ,biela's lo/2 ,encke's4 ,resi/+ m$ium4 ,:5ce come comets8 ,compos$ ( :at8 ,am\nt ( matt] 94 ,symbol4 ,,viii4 ,! ,planets4--,h[ _m8 ,uranus discov]$8 ,neptune8 ,a/]oids8 ,vulcan8 ,di/ance f sun4 ,p]iodic "t4 ,m]cury3 ,elem5ts2 %apes1 z se5 f e>?2 transits4 ,v5us3 ,elem5ts2 se5 by day2 h[ ne> e>?8 h[ f> f8 phases2 ,galileo4 ,e>?3 ,elem5ts2 9 space2 ,aurora2 balance ( =ces4 ,tides3 ,ma9 & subsidi>y causes2 ea/]n %ores2 ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,moon3 ,elem5ts2 hoax2 moves ea/2 see "o side2 ?ree causes help to see m ?an half4 ,revolution3 ,:y tw5ty-n9e & a half days3 heat--cold2 h[ mu* light8 ,crat]s & peaks light$2 measur$4 ,eclipses--,:y n e new & full moon8 ,p]iodicity4 ,m>s3 ,elem5ts2 h[ ne> e>?8 ,h[ f> f8 ,app>5t size2 ice-fields2 :i* end mo/8 ,satellites--,a/]oids3 ,h[ f\nd8 ,:58 ,by :om8 ,h[ _m8 ,jupit]3 ,elem5ts2 trade-w9ds2 h[ mu* light receiv$8 ,own heat4 ,satellites3 ,h[ _m8 ,colors4 ,saturn3 ,elem5ts2 habitability2 r+s2 flux2 satellites4 ,uranus3 ,elem5ts2 discov]]2 se5 by2 moon's motion4 ,neptune3 ,elem5ts2 discov]$ by2 h[8 ,review sy/em4 ,,ix4 ,! ,nebul> ,hypo!sis4--,/ate x2 facts confirmatory4 ,objections--#a4 ,heat2 #b4 ,rotation2 #c4 ,retrograde2 #d4 ,m>tial moons2 #e4 ,/> ( #ahgf4 ,evolution3 ,gaps 92 conclusion4 ,x4 ,! ,/ell> ,sy/em4-,motto4 ,man among />s2 op5 page2 />ry poem2 />s locat$2 nam$4 ,?uban4 ,etan94 ,con/ellations3 ,"k !m2 numb] ( />s2 d\ble2 e ,lyr1 ,sirius1 ,procyon1 ,ca/or1 #fa ,cygni1 g ,virg9is4 ,color$ />s2 *ange color4 ,clu/]s3 ,two !ories4 ,nebul3 ,two visible2 compos$ (2 %apes2 :]e8 ,v>iable />s4 ,sun4 b ,lyr1 ,mira1 ,betelguese1 ,algol2 cause4 ,tempor>y2 #aegb4 ,new /> ( #ahff3 ,two !ories4 ,/> ( #ahgf4 ,movem5ts ( />s2 ,sirius2 sun2 #ahcj ,groombridge4 ,/>s ne> ,pleiades3 ,orion1 ,great ,dipp]1 ,s\!rn ,cross4 ,c5tre ( gravity4 ,,xi4 ,! ,worlds & ! ,^w4--,ri*4 ,numb]4 ,errone\s allusions4 ,tru? be=e discov]y3 #a4 ,a beg9n+2 #b4 ,creation be=e arrangem5t2 #c4 ,light be=e sun2 #d4 ,m\nta9s "u wat]2 #e4 ,ord] ( developm5t2 ,page #bgh #f4 ,sph]e ( e>?2 #g4 ,h[ upheld2 #h4 ,numb] ( />s2 #i4 ,weight ( air2 #aj4 ,meteorology2 #aa4 ,qu]ies to ,job2 #ab4 ,sun to end ( heav52 #ac4 ,view ( ,mit*ell2 #ad4 ,h]s*el4 ,:at is matt]8 ,=ce8 ,end ( e>?4 ,way to k4 ,"w ( light4 ,transfiguration ( matt]4 ,uni=mit>ianism4 ,a :isp] ( ,him4 ,man = ma/]y4 ,ea* a type ( high]4 ,survival ( fitte/4 ,uranus4 ,worlds & ,^w "o language4 ,,xii4 ,! ,ultimate ,=ce4--,univ]se %[s p[]3 #a4 ,ra92 ,niag>a2 #b4 ,vegetable gr[?2 #c4 ,worlds c>ri$2 #d4 ,sun2 fill dome ) worlds2 #e4 ,d\ble suns2 #f4 ,galaxies4 ,correlation4 ,:at ultimate8 ,m9d & w4 ,:at cont9u\s relation8 ,wat*4 ,!ories ( gravitation3 ,newton's1 ,le ,sage's1 ,bible's4 ,high-class en]gy det]iorates4 ,se>* = atoms3 #a4 ,microscope2 #b4 ,gold2 #c4 ,infusoria2 #d4 ,musk4 ,prop]ties ( atoms3 #a4 ,imp5etrable2 #b4 ,indivisible2 #c4 ,%ape2 #d4 ,quality2 #e4 ,cry/allization2 #f4 ,n t\* ea* o!r2 #g4 ,active2 #h4 ,attractive2 #i4 ,intellig5t4 ,^:8 ,relation ( matt] to ,god2 rock to soil4 ,pu% upw>d4 ,highe/ has ma/]y4 ,man advances by highe/4 ,matt] recapacitat$4 ,ref9$ habitations4 ,inhabitants4 ,all =ce leads back to m9d4 ,p]sonal & inf9ite4 ,page #bgi ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,a/ronomical ,,t]ms ,,& ,,index4 ,,abbreviations us$ 9 a/ronomies1 #bge4 ,,ab]ration ,,( ,,light 7a w&]+ away71 an app>5t displacem5t ( a />1 ow+ to ! progressive motion ( light comb9$ ) t ( ! e>? & its orbit1 #aii4 ,,a]olite 7air-/one71 #abb4 ,,air1 refraction ( !1 #dj4 ,,algol1 ! v>iable />1 #bbb4 ,,almanac1 ,nautical1 #ga2 explanation ( signs us$1 #bge4 ,,alphabet1 ,greek1 #bge4 ,,altitude1 angul> elevation ( a body above ! horizon4 ,,angle1 diff]5ce 9 directions ( two /raight l9es t meet4 ,,annul> 7r+-%ap$7 ,,eclipses1 #aeh2 nebul1 #bah1 #bbj4 ,,aphelion1 ! po9t 9 an orbit f>!/ f ! sun4 ,,apogee1 ! po9t ( an orbit :i* is f>!/ f ! e>?4 ,,apsis1 plural apsides1 ! l9e jo9+ ! aphelion & p]ihelion po9ts2 or ! major axis ( elliptical orbits4 ,,arc1 a "p ( a circle4 ,,asc5sion1 ,,"r1 ! angul> di/ance ( a heav5ly body f ! fir/ po9t ( ,aries1 measur$ on ! equator4 ,,a/]oids 7/>-l71 #afb2 orbits ( int]lac$1 #gd4 ,,a/ronomical ,,in/rum5ts1 #dc4 ,,a/ronomy1 use (1 #eg4 ,,atom1 size (1 #bee2 p[] (1 #bef4 ,,aurora ,,borealis1 #adc4 ,,axis1 ! l9e ab\t :i* a body rotates4 ,,azimu?1 ! angul> di/ance ( any po9t or body 9 ! horizon f ! nor? or s\? po9ts4 ,,bailey',s ,,beads1 dots ( light on ! edge ( ! moon se5 9 a sol> eclipse1 caus$ by ! moon's inequalities ( surface4 ,,base ,,l9e1 #fh4 ,,biela',s ,,comet1 #abi4 ,,b9>y ,,sy/em1 a d\ble />1 ! compon5t p>ts ( :i* revolve ar\nd _! c5tre ( gravity4 ,,bode',s ,,law ( planet>y di/ances is no law at all1 b a /udy ( co9cid5ces4 ,,bolides1 small masses ( matt] 9 space4 ,!y are usually call$ meteors :5 lum9\s by contact ) air1 #abj4 ,page #bhj ,,cele/ial ,,sph]e1 ! app>5t dome 9 :i* ! heav5ly bodies seem to be set2 appe>s to revolve1 #c4 ,,c5tre ,,( ,,gravity1 ! po9t on :i* a body1 or two or m relat$ bodies1 balances4 ,,c5trifugal ,,=ce 7c5tre flee+74 ,,*romoli?ic ,,plate ( spectra ( metals1 to face #ej4 ,,circumpol> ,,/>s1 map ( nor?1 #bja4 ,,colors ,,( ,,/>s1 #bad4 ,,colures1 ! f\r pr9cipal m]idians ( ! cele/ial sph]e pass+ f ! pole1 "o ?r\gh ea* equ9ox1 & "o ?r\gh ea* sol/ice4 ,,comets1 #abf2 ,halley's1 #abh2 ,biela's lo/1 #abi2 ,encke's1 #acj2 con/itution (1 #aca2 w !y /rike ! e>?8 #acc4 ,,conjunction4 ,two or m bodies are 9 conjunction :5 !y are 9 a /raight l9e 7disreg>d+ incl9ation ( orbit7 ) ! sun4 ,planets ne>] ! sun ?an ! e>? are 9 inf]ior conjunction :5 !y are betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun2 sup]ior conjunction :5 !y are beyond ! sun4 ,,con/ellation1 a gr\p ( />s suppos$ to repres5t "s figure3 circumpol>1 #bja2 equatorial1 = ,decemb]1 #bjb2 = ,janu>y1 #bjc2 ,april1 #bjd2 ,june1 #bje2 ,septemb]1 #bjf2 ,novemb]1 #bjg2 s\!rn circumpol>1 #bjh4 ,,culm9ation1 ! passage ( a heav5ly body across ! m]idian or s\? po9t ( a place2 x is ! highe/ po9t rea*$ 9 its pa?4 ,,cusp1 ! extremities ( ! cresc5t =m ( ! moon or an int]ior planet4 ,,decl9ation1 ! angul> di/ance ( a cele/ial body nor? or s\? f ! cele/ial equator4 ,,degree1 ! #a_/cfj "p ( a circle4 ,,direct ,,motion1 a motion f we/ to ea/ among />s4 ,,disk1 ! visible surface ( sun1 moon1 or planets4 ,,di/ance ,,( ,,/>s1 #gj4 ,,d\ble ,,/>s1 #baj4 ,,e>?1 revolution (1 #aji2 9 space1 #adb2 irregul> figure1 #ade4 ,,ecc5tricity ,,( ,,an ,,ellipse1 ! di/ance ( ei!r focus f c5tre divid$ by half ! major axis4 ,,eclipse 7a disappe>ance71 #aeg4 ,,ecliptic1 ! app>5t annual pa? ( ! sun among ! />s2 plane (1 #ajf4 ,,egress1 ! pass+ ( "o body (f ! disk ( ano!r4 ,,elem5ts1 ! quantities :i* det]m9e ! motion ( a planet3 data = pr$ict+ a/ronomical ph5om5a2 table ( sol>1 #bgd4 ,,elem5ts1 *emical1 pres5t 9 ! sun1 #bgj4 ,,elongation1 ! angul> di/ance ( a planet f ! sun4 ,,em]sion1 ! reappe>ance ( a body aft] x has be5 eclips$ or occult$ by ano!r4 ,page #bha ,,equator1 t]re/rial1 ! great circle half-way betwe5 ! poles ( ! e>?4 ,:5 ! plane ( ?is is ext5d$ to ! heav5s1 ! l9e ( contact is call$ ! cele/ial equator4 ,,equ9ox1 ei!r ( ! po9ts 9 :i* ! sun1 9 its app>5t annual c\rse among ! />s1 crosses ! equator1 mak+ days & nights ( equal l5g?4 ,,evolution1 mat]iali/ic1 #ahb2 insuffici5t1 #ahi4 ,,fizeau det]m9es ! velocity ( light1 #bc4 ,,=ces1 delicate balance (1 #add4 ,,galileo1 con/ruction ( 8 telescope1 #dc4 ,,geoc5tric1 a position ( a heav5ly body z se5 or measur$ f ! e>?'s c5tre4 ,,geodesy1 ! art ( measur+ ! e>? )\t ref]5ce to ! heav5ly bodies4 ,,god1 relation (1 to ! univ]se1 #beh4 ,,gravitation1 laws (1 #f2 ext5ds to ! />s1 #ac2 !ories (1 #bec4 ,,gravity on diff]5t bodies1 #f1 #bgd4 ,,helical1 ris+ or sett+ ( a />1 z ne> to sunrise or sunset z x c be se54 ,,helioc5tric1 z se5 f ! c5tre ( ! sun4 ,,hoosac ,,tunnel1 example ( accuracy1 #fb4 ,,horizontal ,,p5dulum1 #bgb4 ,,imm]sion1 ! disappe>ance ( "o body beh9d ano!r1 or 9 its %ad[4 ,,incl9ation ,,( ,,an ,,orbit1 ! angle betwe5 its plane & ! plane ( ! ecliptic4 ,,inf]ior ,,conjunction1 :5 an int]ior planet is betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun4 ,,jupit]1 app>5t pa? (1 9 #ahff1 #aab2 elem5ts (1 #afd2 satellites (1 #afe2 positions ( satellites1 #aff2 elem5ts ( satellites1 #aff2 ! ,jovian sy/em1 #afg4 ,,kepl]',s ,,laws--#a/1 t ! orbits ( planets are ellipses1 hav+ ! sun or c5tral body 9 "o ( ! foci2 #b;d1 ! radius-vector passes ov] equal spaces 9 equal times2 #c;d1 ! squ>es ( ! p]iodic times ( ! planets are 9 proportion to ! cubes ( _! mean di/ances f ! sun4 ,,latitude1 ! angul> di/ance ( a heav5ly body f ! ecliptic4 ,,light1 ! *ild ( =ce1 #ag2 numb] ( vibrations (1 #ah1 #be2 velocity (1 #bb2 undulatory & musical1 #bf2 *emical =ce (1 #cj2 exp]im5ts )1 #cg2 approa* & dep>ture ( a light-giv+ body measur$1 #ea2 ab]ration (1 #aii4 ,,limb1 ! edge ( ! disk ( ! moon1 sun1 or a planet4 ,,longitude4 ,if a p]p5dicul> be dropp$ f a body to ! ecliptic1 its cele/ial longitude is ! di/ance ( ! foot ( ! p]p5dicul> f ! v]tical equ9ox1 c\nt$ t[>d ! ea/2 mode ( asc]ta9+ t]re/rial1 #gb4 ,,magellanic ,,cl\ds1 #bjh4 ,page #bhb ,,m>s1 #aei2 sn[ spots (1 #afj2 satellites (1 #afa4 ,,mass1 ! quantity ( matt] a body conta9s4 ,,mean ,,di/ance ,,( ,a ,,planet1 half ! sum ( ! aphelion & p]ihelion di/ances4 ,,measurem5ts1 cele/ial1 #eg4 ,,m]cury1 #ach4 ,,m]idian1 t]re/rial1 ( a place1 a great circle ( ! heav5s pass+ ?r\gh ! poles1 ! z5i?1 & ! nor? & s\? po9ts ( ! horizon2 cele/ial1 any great circle pass+ f "o pole to ! o!r4 ,,meteors1 #aai2 sw>m (1 meet+ ! e>?1 #aah2 explosion (1 #abj2 sy/ems (1 #abc2 relation (1 to comets1 #abd4 ,,micromet]1 any in/rum5t = ! accurate measurem5t ( v small di/ances or angles4 ,,m9d1 orig9 ( =ce1 #beb2 cont9u\s relation (1 to ! univ]se1 #beb4 ,,milky ,,way1 #baj1 #bae4 ,,mira1 ! ,wond]ful1 #bba4 ,,moon1 !1 #aea2 greate/ & lea/ di/ance f ! e>?1 #aj2 telescopic appe>ance (1 #aee4 ,,mural ,,circle1 #fa4 ,,nadir1 ! po9t 9 ! cele/ial sph]e directly b5ea? our feet1 opposite to z5i?4 ,,nebul1 #bag4 ,,nebul> ,,hypo!sis1 n a!i/ic1 #ahb2 /at$1 #ahb2 confirmatory facts1 #ahc2 objections to1 #ahe4 ,,neptune1 elem5ts (1 #age4 ,,node1 ! po9t 9 :i* an orbit int]sects ! ecliptic1 or o!r plane ( ref]5ce2 asc5d+1 desc5d+1 l9e (1 #ajg4 ,,occultation1 ! hid+ ( a />1 planet1 or satellite by ! int]position ( a ne>] body ( great] angul> magnitude4 ,,opposition4 ,a sup]ior planet is 9 opposition :5 ! sun1 e>?1 & ! planet are 9 a l9e1 ! e>? be+ 9 ! middle4 ,,orbit1 ! pa? ( a planet1 comet1 or meteor ar\nd ! sun1 or ( a satellite ar\nd a prim>y2 incl9ation (1 #ajf2 e>?'s1 se5 f ! />s1 #gj4 ,,outl9e ,,= ,,/ud5ts1 #bgf4 ,,p>allax1 ! diff]5ce ( direction ( a heav5ly body z se5 f two po9ts1 z ! c5tre ( ! e>? & "s po9t ( its surface1 #fi4 ,,p>allels1 imag9>y circles on ! e>? or 9 ! heav5s p>allel to ! equator1 hav+ ! poles = _! c5tre4 ,,p]igee1 ne>e/ ! e>?2 said ( a po9t 9 an orbit4 ,,p]ihelion1 ! po9t ( an orbit ne>e/ ! sun4 ,,p]iodic ,,"t1 "t ( a planet's1 comet's1 or satellite's revolution4 ,,p]sonal ,,equation1 #fe4 ,,p]turbation1 ! effect ( ! attractions ( ! planets or o!r ,page #bhc bodies ^u ea* o!r1 di/urb+ _! regul> motion2 ( ,saturn & ,jupit]1 #aa2 ( a/]oids1 #ac2 ( ,uranus & ,neptune1 #agf4 ,,phases1 ! portions ( ! illum9at$ half ( ! moon or int]ior planet1 z se5 f ! e>?1 call$ cresc5t1 full1 & gibb\s4 ,,photosph]e ( ! sun1 #hi4 ,,planet 7a w&]]71 z se5 f space1 #ii2 spe$ (1 #aja2 size (1 #ajb2 movem5ts retrograde & direct1 #aab4 ,,po9t]s1 !1 #aig4 ,,pole1 ,,nor?1 movem5t (1 #aih4 ,,poles1 ! extremities ( an imag9>y l9e on :i* a cele/ial body rotates4 ,,quadrant1 ! f\r? "p ( ! circumf]5ce ( a circle1 or #ij4 ,,quadrature1 a position ( ! moon or o!r body :5 #ij f ! sun4 ,,radiant ,,po9t1 t po9t ( ! heav5s f :i* meteors seem to div]ge1 #aah4 ,,radius-,,vector1 an imag9>y l9e jo9+ ! sun & a planet or comet 9 any "p ( its orbit4 ,,ra91 weight (1 #bdi4 ,,reflect+ ,,telescope1 #dd4 ,,refract+ ,,telescope1 #dc4 ,,refraction1 a b5d+ ( light by pass+ ?r\gh any m$ium1 z air1 wat]1 prism4 ,,retrograde ,,motion1 ! app>5t movem5t ( a planet f ea/ to we/ among ! />s4 ,,revolution1 ! movem5t ( bodies ab\t _! c5tre ( gravity4 ,,rotation1 ! motion ( a body ar\nd its axis4 ,,satellites1 small] bodies revolv+ ar\nd planets & />s4 ,,saturn1 elem5ts (1 #afg2 revolution (1 #afh2 r+s (1 #afi2 decreas+1 #aga2 nature (1 #aga2 satellites (1 #agb4 ,,seasons1 ( ! e>?1 #ajb2 ( o!r planets1 #aje4 ,,sel5ography 7lunography71 a description ( ! moon's surface4 ,,signs ,,( ,,! ,,zodiac1 ! twelve equal p>ts1 ( #cj ea*1 into :i* ! zodiac is divid$4 ,,sol> ,,sy/em1 view (1 #ajj1 #agg4 ,,sol/ices1 ^? po9ts ( ! ecliptic :i* are mo/ di/ant f ! equator4 ,! sun passes "o ab\t ,june #ba/1 & ! o!r ab\t ,decemb] #ba/1 giv+ ! longe/ days & nights4 ,,spectroscope1 #df4 ,,spectrum ,,( ,,sun ,,& ,,metals1 #ej4 ,,/>s1 *emi/ry (1 #bh2 di/ance (1 #gj-gc2 mode ( nam+1 #aif2 numb] (1 #baj2 d\ble & multiple1 #baj2 color$1 #bad2 clu/]s (1 #bae2 v>iable1 #bbj2 tempor>y1 new1 & lo/1 #bbc2 movem5ts ( lat]al1 #bbf2 9 l9e ( sight1 #bfi4 ,,/ation>y ,,po9ts1 places 9 a planet's orbit at :i* x has no motion among ! />s4 ,page #bhd ,,/ell> ,,sy/em1 !1 #aie4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,rec5t ,,discov]ies1 #bfi4 ,,sun1 fall ( two meteoric bodies into1 #ai2 light f contraction (1 #bj2 z se5 f planets1 #gi2 corona1 #ha2 hydrog5 flames (1 #hd2 condition (1 #hi2 spots1 #ij2 exp]im5ts1 #ie2 app>5t pa? among ! />s1 #aaa2 p[] (1 #bej4 ,,symbols ,,us$ ,,9 ,,a/ronomy1 #bge4 ,,telescope1 refract+1 #dc2 reflect+1 #dd2 ,cambridge equatorial1 #df4 ,,telescopic ,,"w1 clu/]s1 #baj2 d\ble />s1 #bab4 ,,tempor>y ,,/>s1 #bbc4 ,,t]m9ator1 ! b\nd>y-l9e betwe5 light & d>kness on ! moon or a planet4 ,,tides1 #adf4 ,,transit1 ! passage ( an object across "s fix$ l9e1 z ! m]idian1 or betwe5 ! eye ( an obs]v] & an app>5tly l>g] object1 z t ( ,m]cury or ,v5us ov] ! disk ( ! sun1 & ! satellites ( ,jupit] ov] its disk2 ( a />1 #fe4 ,,ultimate ,,=ce1 !1 #bdi4 ,,uranus1 elem5ts (1 #agc2 moons (1 retrograde1 #agd2 p]turb$ by ,neptune1 #agf4 ,,v>iable ,,/>s1 #bbj4 ,,v5us1 #aci4 ,,v]ni]1 a scale to measure v m9ute di/ances4 ,,v]tical ,,circle1 "o t passes ?r\gh ! z5i? & nadir ( ! cele/ial sph]e4 ,! prime v]tical circle passes ?r\gh ! ea/ & we/ po9ts ( ! horizon4 ,,vulcan1 discov]y (1 #acg4 ,,worlds1 ,,!1 ,,& ,,! ,,^w1 tea* ! same tru?1 #bca-bde4 ,,ye>1 !1 l5g? (1 on any planet1 is det]m9$ by ! p]iodic "t4 ,,z5i?1 ! po9t 9 ! cele/ial sph]e directly ov]head4 ,,zodiac1 a belt #ah wide encircl+ ! heav5s1 ! ecliptic be+ ! middle4 ,9 ?is belt ! l>g] planets always appe>4 ,9 ! old] a/ronomy x 0 divid$ into twelve p>ts ( #cj ea*1 call$ signs ( ! zodiac4 ,,zodiacal ,,light1 #hj4 ,,to ,,f9d ,,! ,,/>s ,,9 ,,! ,,sky4 ,deta* any ( ! foll[+ maps1 appropriate to ! "t ( ye>1 hold x betwe5 y & a lant]n out-(-doors1 & y h an exact m9iature ( ! sky4 ,or1 bett]1 cut squ>es ( suitable sizes f ! f\r sides ( a box2 put a map ov] ea* ap]ture2 provide = v5tilation1 & turn ! box ov] a lamp or c&le out-(-doors4 ,use an op]a glass to f9d ! small] />s1 if "o is accessible4 ,illu/ration3 ,circumpol> ,con/ellations4 ,always visible4 ,9 ?is position4--,janu>y #bj?1 at #aj o'clock2 ,febru>y #d?1 at #i o'clock2 & ,febru>y #ai?1 at #h o'clock4 ,illu/ration3 ,algol is on ! ,m]idian1 #ea ,s\? ( ,pole4--,at #aj o'clock1 ,decemb] #g?2 #i o'clock1 ,decemb] #bb;d2 #h o'clock1 ,janu>y #e?4 ,illu/ration3 ,capella 7#de f ,pole7 & ,rigel 7#ajj7 are on ! ,m]idian at #h o'clock ,febru>y #g?1 #i o'clock ,janu>y #bb;d1 & at #aj o'clock ,janu>y #g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,regulus comes on ! ,m]idian1 #gi s\? f ! ,pole1 at #aj o'clock ,m>* #bc;d1 #i o'clock ,april #h?1 & at #h o'clock ,april #bc;d4 ,illu/ration3 ,arcturus comes to ! ,m]idian1 #gj f ! ,pole1 at #aj o'clock ,may #be?1 #i o'clock ,june #i?1 & at #h o'clock ,june #be?4 ,illu/ration3 ,altair comes to ! ,m]idian1 #hb f ! ,pole1 at #aj o'clock ,p4,m4 ,augu/ #ah?1 at #i o'clock ,septemb] #b;d1 & at #h o'clock ,septemb] #ah?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fomalhaut comes to ! ,m]idian1 only #ag f ! horizon1 at #h o'clock ,novemb] #d?4