,,pagan ,,*ri/ian ,,cre$s3 ,,_! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,mean+ ,by ,edw>d ,c>p5t] ,! diff]5t religions be+ lame attempts to repres5t "u v>i\s guises ?is "o root-fact ( ! c5tral univ]sal life1 m5 h at all times clung to ! religi\s cre$s & rituals & c]emonials z symbolis+ 9 "s rude way ! r$emption & fulfilm5t ( _! own mo/ intimate natures--& ?is :e!r consci\sly und]/&+ ! int]pretations1 or :e!r 7z mo/ (t57 only do+ s 9 an unconsci\s or q subconsci\s way4 ,! ,drama ( ,love & ,dea?1 p4 #if4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,,introductory ,,ii4 ,,sol> ,,my?s ,,& ,,*ri/ian ,,fe/ivals ,,iii4 ,,! ,,symbolism ,,( ,,! ,,zodiac ,,iv4 ,,totem-,,sacram5ts ,,& ,,eu*>i/s ,v4 ,,food ,,& ,,vegetation ,,magic ,,vi4 ,,magicians1 ,,k+s ,,& ,,gods ,,vii4 ,,rites ,,( ,,expiation ,,& ,,r$emption ,,viii4 ,,pagan ,,initiations ,,& ,,! ,,second ,,bir? ,,ix4 ,,my? ,,( ,,! ,,gold5 ,,age ,x4 ,,! ,,savi\r-,,god ,,& ,,! ,,virg9-,,"m ,,xi4 ,,ritual ,,danc+ ,,xii4 ,,! ,,sex-,,taboo ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,g5esis ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,,xv4 ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,x ,,all ,,xv4 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,my/]ies ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,exodus ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,,xvii4 ,,conclusion ,,app5dix ,,on ,,! ,,tea*+s ,,( ,,! ,,upani%ads3 ,i4 ,,re/ ,,ii4 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,self ,,pagan ,,& ,,*ri/ian ,,cre$s3 ,,_! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,mean+ ,i4 ,,introductory ,! subject ( ,religi\s ,orig9s is a fasc9at+ "o1 z ! great multitude ( books ^u x1 publi%$ 9 late ye>s1 t5ds to %[4 ,inde$ ! great difficulty to-day 9 deal+ ) ! subject1 lies 9 ! v mass ( ! mat]ial to h&--& t n only on acc\nt ( ! labor involv$ 9 sort+ ! mat]ial1 b because ! abundance itself ( facts op5s up temptation to a /ud5t 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( ,an?ropology 7z happ5s also 9 o!r bran*es ( g5]al ,sci5ce7 to ru% 9 too ha/ily ) :at seems a plausible !ory4 ,! m facts1 /ati/ics1 & s =?1 !re are available 9 any inve/igation1 ! easi] x is to pick out a consid]able numb] :i* w fit a giv5 !ory4 ,! o!r facts be+ neglect$ or ignor$1 ! views put =w>d enjoy = a "t a great vogue4 ,!n inevitably1 & at a lat] "t1 new or neglect$ facts alt] ! outlook1 & a new p]spective is e/abli%$4 ,!re is also 9 ^! matt]s ( ,sci5ce 7?\gh _m sci5tific m5 w\ld d\btless d5y ?is7 a great deal ( ,fa%ion4 ,su* has be5 notori\sly ! case 9 ,political ,economy1 ,m$ic9e1 ,geology1 & ev5 9 su* def9ite /udies z ,physics & ,*emi/ry4 ,9 a comp>atively rec5t sci5ce1 l t ) :i* we are n[ conc]n$1 "o w\ld naturally expect v>iations4 ,a hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago1 & s9ce ! "t ( ,r\sseau1 ! ,noble ,savage 0 extremely popul>2 & he l+]s /ill 9 ! /ory books ( our *ildr54 ,!n ! reaction f ?is extreme view set 91 & ( late ye>s x has be5 ! popul> cue 7l>gely1 x mu/ be said1 among arm*air travel]s & explor]s7 to repres5t ! religi\s rites & cu/oms ( primitive folk z a s5seless mass ( sup]/itions1 & ! e>ly man z q devoid ( dec5t feel+ & intellig5ce4 ,aga91 :5 ! /udy ( religi\s orig9s fir/ began 9 mod]n times to be s]i\sly tak5 up--say 9 ! e>li] "p ( la/ c5tury--!re 0 a great boom 9 ,sungods4 ,e div9ity 9 ! ,pan!on 0 an imp]sonation ( ! ,sun--unless inde$ 7if fem99e7 ( ! ,moon4 ,apollo 0 a sungod1 ( c\rse2 ,h]cules 0 a sungod2 ,samson 0 a sungod2 ,indra & ,kri%na1 & ev5 ,*ri/1 ! same4 ,c4 ,f4 ,dupuis 9 ,france 7,orig9e de t\s les ,cultes1 #agie71 ,f4 ,nork 9 ,g]many 7,biblis*e ,my?ologie1 #ahdb71 ,ri*>d ,taylor 9 ,engl& 7,! ,devil's ,pulpit1 7#a7 #ahcj71 7 among ! fir/ 9 mod]n times to put =w>d ?is view4 ,a little lat] ! ,,phallic explanation ( ev]y?+ came into fa%ion4 ,! deities 7 all polite names = ! organs & p[]s ( procreation4 ,r4 ,p4 ,knight 7,anci5t ,art & ,my?ology1 #ahah7 & ,dr4 ,?omas ,inman 7,anci5t ,fai?s & ,anci5t ,names1 #ahfh7 popul>iz$ ?is idea 9 ,engl&2 s did ,nork 9 ,g]many4 ,!n aga9 !re 0 a p]iod ( :at is sometimes call$ ,euhem]ism--! !ory t ! gods & goddesses _h actually once be5 m5 & wom51 hi/orical *>act]s r\nd :om a halo ( romance & remot5ess _h ga!r$4 ,lat] /ill1 a s*ool has aris5 :i* ?9ks little ( sungods1 & pays m att5tion to ,e>? & ,nature spirits1 to gnomes & demons & vegetation-sprites1 & to ! processes ( ,magic by :i* ^! 7s x 0 suppos$7 c\ld be enli/$ 9 man's s]vice if fri5dly1 or exorcis$ if ho/ile4 7#a7 ,?is extraord9>y book1 ?\gh c>elessly compos$ & conta9+ _m unprov5 /atem5ts1 0 on ! :ole on ! "r l9es4 ,b x rais$ a /orm ( opposition--! m s because its au?or 0 a cl]gyman6 ,he 0 eject$ f ! m9i/ry1 ( c\rse1 & 0 s5t to prison twice4 ,x is easy to see ( c\rse t !re is "s tru? 9 ,,all ^! explanations2 b naturally ea* s*ool = ! "t be+ makes ! mo/ ( its own cont5tion4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson 7,pagan ,*ri/s & ,*ri/ianity & ,my?ology71 :o has done su* f9e "w 9 ?is field1 7#a7 relies *iefly on ! sol> & a/ronomical orig9s1 ?\gh he does n altoge!r d5y ! o!rs2 ,dr4 ,fraz]1 on ! o!r h&--^: great "w1 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 is a monum5tal collection ( primitive cu/oms1 & w be an inexhau/ible qu>ry = all future /ud5ts--is app>5tly v little conc]n$ ) !ories ab\t ! ,sun & ! />s1 b conc5trates 8 att5tion on ! collection ( innum]able details 7#b7 ( rites1 *iefly magical1 connect$ ) food & vegetation4 ,/ill lat] writ]s1 l ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,jane ,h>rison & ,e4 ,a4 ,cr[ley1 be+ ma9ly occupi$ ) cu/oms ( v primitive peoples1 l ! ,pelasgian ,greeks or ! ,au/ralian aborig9es1 h conf9$ !mselves 7necess>ily7 ev5 m to ,magic & ,wit*craft4 7#a7 ,if only he did n wa/e s mu* "t1 & s ne$lessly1 9 slaught]+ oppon5ts6 7#b7 ,to su* a degree1 inde$1 t sometimes ! connect+ clue ( ! argum5t seems to be lo/4 ,mean:ile ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* f ^! speculations has kept itself sev]ely ap>t--z ( c\rse repres5t+ a unique & div9e revelation little conc]n$ or int]e/$ 9 su* hea!nisms2 & moreov] 79 ?is c\ntry at any rate7 has manag$ to p]suade ! g5]al public ( its own div9e uniqu5ess to su* a degree t few p1 ev5 n[adays1 realize t x has sprung f j ! same root z ,paganism1 & t x %>es by f> ! mo/ "p ( its doctr9es & rites ) ! latt]4 ,till q lately x 0 ?\ght 79 ,brita97 t only secul>i/s & unfa%ionable p took any int]e/ 9 sungods2 & :ile x 0 true t le>n$ pr(essors might po9t to a belief 9 ,magic z "o ( ! fir/ s\rces ( ,religion1 x 0 easy 9 reply to say t ?is obvi\sly _h no?+ to d ) ,*ri/ianity6 ,! ,secul>i/s1 too1 r spoilt _! case by assum+1 9 _! wra? aga9/ ! ,*ur*1 t all prie/s s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w h be5 frauds & *>latans1 & t all ! rites ( religion 7 m]ely devil's devices inv5t$ by !m = ! purpose ( prey+ ^u ! sup]/itions ( ! ignorant1 to _! own enri*m5t4 ,!y 7! ,secul>i/s7 ov]leap$ !mselves by grossly exagg]at+ a ?+ t no d\bt is p>tially true4 ,?us ! subject ( religi\s orig9s is some:at complex1 & yields _m aspects = consid]ation4 ,x is only1 ,i ?9k1 by keep+ a broad c\rse & admitt+ contributions to ! tru? f v>i\s sides1 t valuable results c be obta9$4 ,x is absurd to suppose t 9 ?is or any o!r sci5ce neat sy/ems c be f\nd :i* w cov] all ! facts4 ,nature & ,hi/ory d n deal 9 su* ?+s1 or supply !m = a sop to ,man's vanity4 ,x is cle> t !re h be5 ?ree ma9 l9es1 s f>1 along :i* human speculation & /udy h run4 ,"o connect+ religi\s rites & obs]vations ) ! movem5ts ( ! ,sun & ! planets 9 ! sky1 & lead+ to ! inv5tion ( & belief 9 ,olympian & remote gods dwell+ 9 heav5 & rul+ ! ,e>? f a di/ance2 ! second connect+ religion ) ! *anges ( ! season1 on ! ,e>? & ) su* practical ?+s z ! gr[? ( vegetation & food1 & lead+ to or m+l$ ) a vague belief 9 e>?-spirits & magical me?ods ( influ5c+ su* spirits2 & ! ?ird connect+ religion ) man's own body & ! trem5d\s =ce ( sex resid+ 9 x--emblem ( undy+ life & all f]tility & p[]4 ,x is cle> also--& all inve/igation confirms x--t ! second-m5tion$ phase ( religion arose on ! :ole ,,be=e ! fir/-m5tion$--t is1 t m5 naturally ?\ght ab\t ! v practical que/ions ( food & vegetation1 & ! magical or o!r me?ods ( enc\rag+ ! same1 be=e !y worri$ !mselves ab\t ! heav5ly bodies & ! laws ( ,,_! movem5ts1 or ab\t ! s9i/] or favorable influ5ces ! />s might ex]t4 ,& aga9 x is extremely probable t ! ?ird-m5tion$ aspect--t :i* connect$ religion ) ! procreative desires & ph5om5a ( human physiology--really came ,,fir/4 ,^! desires & physiological ph5om5a mu/ h loom$ l>ge on ! primitive m9d long be=e ! *anges ( ! seasons or ( ! sky _h be5 at all def9itely obs]v$ or consid]$4 ,?us we f9d x probable t1 9 ord] to und]/& ! sequ5ce ( ! actual & hi/orical phases ( religi\s wor%ip1 we mu/ approximately rev]se ! ord] above-giv5 9 :i* !y h be5 ,,/udi$1 & conclude t 9 g5]al ! ,phallic cults came fir/1 ! cult ( ,magic & ! propitiation ( e>?-div9ities & spirits came second1 & only la/ came ! belief 9 def9ite ,god-figures resid+ 9 heav54 ,at ! base ( ! :ole process by :i* div9ities & demons 7 creat$1 & rites = _! propitiation & placation e/abli%$1 lay ,fe>--fe> /imulat+ ! imag9ation to fanta/ic activity4 ,primus 9 orbe deos fecit ,timor4 ,& fe>1 z we %all see1 only became a m5tal /imulus at ! "t (1 or aft]1 ! evolution ( self-consci\sness4 ,be=e t "t1 9 ! p]iod ( ,,simple consci\sness1 :5 ! human m9d resembl$ t ( ! animals1 fe> inde$ exi/$1 b its nature 0 m t ( a me*anical protective in/9ct4 ,!re be+ no figure or image ( ,,self 9 ! animal m9d1 !re 7 correspond+ly no figures or images ( be+s :o might ?reat5 or de/roy t self4 ,s x 0 t ! imag9ative p[] ( fe> began ) ,self-consci\sness1 & f t imag9ative p[] 0 unroll$ ! :ole panorama ( ! gods & rites & cre$s ( ,religion d[n ! c5turies4 ,! imm5se =ce & dom9ation ( ,fe> 9 ! fir/ self-consci\s /ages ( ! human m9d is a ?+ :i* c h>dly be exagg]at$1 & :i* is ev5 difficult = "s ( u mod]ns to realize4 ,b naturally z soon z ,man began to ?9k ab\t himself--a frail phantom & waif 9 ! mid/ ( trem5d\s =ces ( ^: nature & mode ( op]ation he 0 entirely ignorant--he 0 ,,beset ) t]rors2 dang]s loom$ ^u him on all sides4 ,ev5 to-day x is notic$ by doctors t "o ( ! *ief ob/acles to ! cure ( illness among "s black or native races is %e] sup]/iti\s t]ror2 & ,?anatomania is ! recogniz$ ^w = a /ate ( m9d 7obsession ( dea?7 :i* w (t5 cause a savage to p]i% f a m]e scrat* h>dly to be call$ a w\nd4 ,! natural def5ce aga9/ ?is /ate ( m9d 0 ! creation ( an enorm\s numb] ( taboos--su* z we f9d among all races & on e conceivable subject--& ^! taboos con/itut$ practically a great body ( w>n+s :i* regulat$ ! lives & ?\ghts ( ! community1 & ultimately1 aft] !y _h be5 we$$ out & to "s degree simplifi$1 h>d5$ d[n into v /r+5t ,cu/oms & ,laws4 ,su* taboos naturally 9 ! beg9n+ t5d$ to include ! avoidance n only ( acts :i* might reasonably be consid]$ dang]\s1 l t\*+ a corpse1 b also ?+s mu* m remote & fanciful 9 _! relation to dang]1 l m]ely look+ at a "m-9-law1 or pass+ a lightn+-/ruck tree2 & 7:at is especially to be notic$7 !y t5d$ to include acts :i* (f]$ any special ,,pleasure or temptation--l sex or m>riage or ! enjoym5t ( a meal4 ,taboos surr\nd$ ^! ?+s too1 & ! psy*ological connection is easy to div9e3 b ,i %all deal ) ?is g5]al subject lat]4 ,x may be guess$ t s complex a sy/em ( regulations made life any?+ b easy to e>ly peoples2 b1 prepo/]\s & unreasonable z "s ( ! taboos 71 !y und\bt$ly _h ! effect ( compell+ ! gr[? ( self-control4 ,fe> does n seem a v wor?y motive1 b 9 ! beg9n+ x curb$ ! viol5ce ( ! purely animal passions1 & introduc$ ord] & re/ra9t among !m4 ,simultane\sly x became itself1 ?r\gh ! gradual increase ( k & obs]vation1 transmut$ & e!realiz$ into some?+ m l wond] & awe & 7:5 ! gods rose above ! horizon7 into rev]5ce4 ,anyh[ we seem to p]ceive t f ! e>ly beg9n+s 79 ! ,/one ,age7 ( self-consci\sness 9 ,man !re has be5 a gradual developm5t--f crass sup]/ition1 s5seless & accid5tal1 to rudim5t>y obs]vation1 & s to belief 9 ,magic2 !nce to ,animism & p]sonification ( nature-p[]s 9 m or less human =m1 z e>?-div9ities or sky-gods or embodim5ts ( ! tribe2 & to placation ( ^! p[]s by rites l ,sacrifice & ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* 9 _! turn became ! f\ndation ( ,morality4 ,graphic repres5tations made = ! enc\ragem5t ( f]tility--z on ! walls ( ,bu%m5's rock-dwell+s or ! ceil+s ( ! cav]ns ( ,altamira--became ! nurse ( pictorial ,art2 obs]vations ( plants or ( ! wea!r or ! />s1 c>ri$ on by tribal m$ic9e-m5 = purposes ( wit*craft or prophecy1 suppli$ "s ( ! mat]ial ( ,sci5ce2 & humanity em]g$ by falt]+ & hesitat+ /eps on ! bord]l& ( ^? f9] p]ceptions & reason+s :i* are suppos$ to be *>act]i/ic ( ,civilization4 ,! process ( ! evolution ( religi\s rites & c]emonies has 9 its ma9 outl9es be5 ! same all ov] ! _w1 z ! read] w pres5tly see--& ?is :e!r 9 connection ) ! num]\s cre$s ( ,paganism or ! suppos$ly unique case ( ,*ri/ianity2 & n[ ! cont9uity & close int]mixture ( ^! great /reams c no long] be d5i$--nor ,,is x inde$ d5i$ by ^? :o h really /udi$ ! subject4 ,x is se5 t religi\s evolution ?r\gh ! ages has be5 practically ,"o ?+--t !re has be5 9 fact a ,_w-religion1 ?\gh ) v>i\s phases & bran*es4 ,& s 9 ! pres5t day a new problem arises1 namely h[ to acc\nt = ! appe>ance ( ?is great ,ph5om5on1 ) its ord]ly phases ( evolution1 & its own spontane\s 7#a7 gr[?s 9 all corn]s ( ! globe--?is ph5om5on :i* has _h su* a /range sway ov] ! he>ts ( m51 :i* has attract$ !m ) s weird a *>m1 :i* has drawn out _! devotion1 love & t5d]ness1 :i* has consol$ !m 9 sorr[ & affliction1 & yet :i* has /a9$ _! hi/ory ) su* horrible sacrifices & p]secutions & cruelties4 ,:at has be5 ! in/igat+ cause ( x8 7#a7 ,= ! "q ( spontaneity see *ap4 x & else:]e4 ,! answ] :i* ,i propose to ?is "q1 & :i* is develop$ to "s ext5t 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s1 is a psy*ological "o4 ,x is t ! ph5om5on proce$s f1 & is a necess>y accompanim5t (1 ! gr[? ( human ,consci\sness itself--its gr[?1 namely1 ?r\gh ! ?ree great /ages ( its unfoldm5t4 ,^! /ages are 7#a7 t ( ! simple or animal consci\sness1 7#b7 t ( ,,self-consci\sness1 & 7#c7 t ( a ?ird /age ( consci\sness :i* has n z yet be5 effectively nam$1 b ^: indications & precursive signs we "h & !re p]ceive 9 ! rites & prophecies & my/]ies ( ! e>ly religions1 & 9 ! poetry & art & lit]ature g5]ally ( ! lat] civilizations4 ,?\gh ,i d n expect or wi% to cat* ,nature & ,hi/ory 9 ! c>eful net ( a phrase1 yet ,i ?9k t 9 ! sequ5ce f ! above-m5tion$ fir/ /age to ! second1 & !n aga9 9 ! sequ5ce f ! second to ! ?ird1 !re w be f\nd a helpful explanation ( ! rites & aspirations ( human religion4 ,x is ?is idea1 illu/rat$ by details ( c]emonial & s =?1 :i* =ms ! ma9 !sis ( ! pres5t book4 ,9 ?is sequ5ce ( gr[?1 ,*ri/ianity ent]s z an episode1 b no m ?an an episode4 ,x does n am\nt to a disruption or dislocation ( evolution4 ,if x did1 or if x /ood z an unique or unclassifiable ph5om5on 7z "s ( its vot>ies cont5d71 ?is w\ld seem to be a mis=tune--z x w\ld obvi\sly rob u ( at any rate "o promise ( progress 9 ! future4 ,& ! promise ( some?+ bett] ?an ,paganism & bett] ?an ,*ri/ianity is v preci\s4 ,x is surely "t t x %\ld be fulfill$4 ,! trac+1 !re=e1 ( ! "p t human self-consci\sness has play$1 psy*ologically1 9 ! evolution ( religion1 runs l a ?read ?r\gh ! foll[+ *apt]s1 & seeks illu/ration 9 a v>iety ( details4 ,! idea has be5 repeat$ "u diff]5t aspects2 sometimes1 possibly1 x has be5 repeat$ too (t52 b diff]5t aspects 9 su* a case d help1 z 9 a /]eoscope1 to give solidity to ! ?+ se54 ,?\gh ! wor%ip ( ,sun-gods & div9e figures 9 ! sky came comp>atively late 9 religi\s evolution1 #a h put ?is subject e>ly 9 ! book 7*apt]s ii & iii71 p>tly because 7z ,i h already expla9$7 x 0 ! phase fir/ /udi$ 9 mod]n times1 & !re=e is ! "o mo/ famili> to pres5t-day read]s1 & p>tly because its a/ronomical data give great def9it5ess & proveability to x1 9 rebuttal to ! common accusation t ! :ole /udy ( religi\s orig9s is too vague & unc]ta9 to h mu* value4 ,go+ backw>ds 9 ,"t1 ! two next *apt]s 7iv & v7 deal ) ,totem-sacram5ts & ,magic1 p]haps ! e>lie/ =ms ( religion4 ,& ^! f\r lead on 79 *apt]s vi to xi7 to ! consid]ation ( rites & cre$s common to ,paganism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,,xii & xiii deal especially ) ! evolution ( ,*ri/ianity itself2 xiv & xv expla9 ! inn] ,mean+ ( ! :ole process f ! beg9n+2 & xvi & xvii look to ! ,future4 ,! app5dix on ! doctr9es ( ! ,upani%ads may1 ,i hope1 s]ve to give an idea1 intimate ev5 ?\gh inadequate1 ( ! ?ird ,/age--t :i* foll[s on ! /age ( self-consci\sness2 & to portray ! m5tal attitudes :i* are *>act]i/ic ( t /age4 ,"h 9 ?is ?ird /age1 x w\ld seem1 "o comes ^u ! real ,,facts ( ! inn] life--9 contradi/9ction to ! fancies & figm5ts ( ! second /age2 & s "o rea*es ! f9al po9t ( conjunction betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,religion4 ,,ii4 ,,sol> ,,my?s ,,& ,,*ri/ian ,,fe/ivals ,to ! ord9>y public--not)/&+ ! imm5se am\nt ( "w :i* has ( late be5 done on ?is subject--! connection betwe5 ,paganism & ,*ri/ianity /ill seems r remote4 ,inde$ ! common notion is t ,*ri/ianity 0 really a miracul\s int]position into & dislocation ( ! old ord] ( ! _w2 & t ! pagan gods 7z 9 ,milton's ,hymn on ! ,nativity7 fl$ away 9 dismay be=e ! sign ( ! ,cross1 & at ! s\nd ( ! "n ( ,jesus4 ,d\btless ?is 0 a view mu* enc\rag$ by ! e>ly ,*ur* itself--if only to enhance its own au?ority & importance2 yet1 z is well kn[n to e /ud5t1 x is q mislead+ & contr>y to fact4 ,! ma9 ,*ri/ian doctr9es & fe/ivals1 besides a great mass ( affiliat$ leg5d & c]emonial1 are really q directly d]iv$ f1 & relat$ to1 prec$+ ,nature wor%ips2 & x has only be5 by a good deal ( delib]ate my/ification & falsification t ?is d]ivation has be5 kept out ( sight4 ,9 ^! ,nature-wor%ips !re may be disc]n$ ?ree fairly indep5d5t /reams ( religi\s or quasi-religi\s en?usiasm3 7#a7 t connect$ ) ! ph5om5a ( ! heav5s1 ! movem5ts ( ! ,sun1 planets & />s1 & ! awe & wond]m5t !y excit$2 7#b7 t connect$ ) ! seasons & ! v important matt] ( ! gr[? ( vegetation & food on ! ,e>?2 & 7#c7 t connect$ ) ! my/]ies ( ,sex & reproduction4 ,x is obvi\s t ^! ?ree /reams w\ld m+le & int]fuse ) ea* o!r a good deal2 b z f> z !y 7 sep>able ! fir/ w\ld t5d to create ,sol> h]oes & ,sun-my?s2 ! second ,vegetation-gods & p]sonifications ( ,nature & ! e>?-life2 :ile ! ?ird w\ld ?r[ its glam\r ov] ! o!r two & contribute to ! projection ( deities or demons wor%ipp$ ) all sorts ( sexual & phallic rites4 ,all ?ree sy/ems ( c\rse h _! special rites & times & c]emonies2 b1 z1 ,i say1 ! rites & c]emonies ( "o sy/em w\ld r>ely be f\nd pure & unmix$ ) ^? belong+ to ! two o!rs4 ,! :ole subject is a v l>ge "o2 b = reasons giv5 9 ! ,introduction ,i %all 9 ?is & ! foll[+ *apt]--:ile n ignor+ phases 7#b7 & 7#c7--lay mo/ /ress on phase 7#a7 ( ! "q be=e u4 ,at ! "t ( ! life or record$ appe>ance ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & = "s c5turies be=e1 ! ,m$it]ranean & neighbor+ _w _h be5 ! sc5e ( a va/ numb] ( pagan cre$s & rituals4 ,!re 7 ,temples )\t end d$icat$ to gods l ,apollo or ,dionysus among ! ,greeks1 ,h]cules among ! ,romans1 ,mi?ra among ! ,p]sians1 ,adonis & ,attis 9 ,syria & ,phrygia1 ,osiris & ,isis & ,horus 9 ,egypt1 ,baal & ,a/>te among ! ,babylonians & ,c>?ag9ians1 & s =?4 ,societies1 l>ge or small1 unit$ believ]s & ! dev\t 9 ! s]vice or c]emonials connect$ ) _! respective deities1 & 9 ! cre$s :i* !y confess$ conc]n+ ^! deities4 ,& an extraord9>ily int]e/+ fact1 = u1 is t not)/&+ great geographical di/ances & racial diff]5ces betwe5 ! adh]5ts ( ^! v>i\s cults1 z well z diff]5ces 9 ! details ( _! s]vices1 ! g5]al outl9es ( _! cre$s & c]emonials 7--if n id5tical--s m>k$ly simil> z we f9d !m4 ,i _c ( c\rse g at l5g? into ^! diff]5t cults1 b ,i may say r\ghly t ( all or ne>ly all ! deities above-m5tion$ x 0 said & believ$ t3 7#a7 ,!y 7 born on or v ne> our ,*ri/mas ,day4 7#b7 ,!y 7 born ( a ,virg9-,"m4 7#c7 ,& 9 a ,cave or ,und]gr\nd ,*amb]4 7#d7 ,!y l$ a life ( toil = ,mank9d4 7#e7 ,& 7 call$ by ! names ( ,light-br+]1 ,heal]1 ,m$iator1 ,savior1 ,deliv]]4 7#f7 ,!y 7 h[ev] vanqui%$ by ! ,p[]s ( ,d>kness4 7#g7 ,& desc5d$ into ,hell or ! ,und]world4 7#h7 ,!y rose aga9 f ! dead1 & became ! pione]s ( mank9d to ! ,heav5ly _w4 7#i7 ,!y f\nd$ ,communions ( ,sa9ts1 & ,*ur*es into :i* disciples 7 receiv$ by ,baptism4 7#aj7 ,& !y 7 commemorat$ by ,eu*>i/ic meals4 ,let me give a few brief examples4 ,mi?ra 0 born 9 a cave1 & on ! #be? ,decemb]4 7#a7 ,he 0 born ( a ,virg94 7#b7 ,he travel$ f> & wide z a tea*] & illum9ator ( m54 ,he slew ! ,bull 7symbol ( ! gross ,e>? :i* ! sunlight fructifies74 ,8 great fe/ivals 7 ! w9t] sol/ice & ! ,spr+ equ9ox 7,*ri/mas & ,ea/]74 ,he _h twelve companions or disciples 7! twelve mon?s74 ,he 0 buri$ 9 a tomb1 f :i* h[ev] he rose aga92 & 8 resurrection 0 celebrat$ ye>ly ) great rejoic+s4 ,he 0 call$ ,savior & ,m$iator1 & sometimes figur$ z a ,lamb2 & sacram5tal fea/s 9 remembrance ( him 7 held by 8 foll[]s4 ,?is leg5d is app>5tly p>tly a/ronomical & p>tly vegetational2 & ! same may be said ( ! foll[+ ab\t ,osiris4 7#a7 ,! bir?fea/ ( ,mi?ra 0 held 9 ,rome on ! #h? day be=e ! ,kal5ds ( ,janu>y1 be+ also ! day ( ! ,circassian games1 :i* 7 sacr$ to ! ,sun4 7,see ,f4 ,nork1 ,d] ,my/agog1 ,leipzig47 7#b7 ,?is at any rate 0 report$ by 8 lat] disciples 7see ,rob]tson's ,pagan ,*ri/s1 p4 #cch74 ,osiris 0 born 7,plut>* tells u7 on ! #cfa/ day ( ! ye>1 say ! #bg? ,decemb]4 ,he too1 l ,mi?ra & ,dionysus1 0 a great travel]4 ,z ,k+ ( ,egypt he taught m5 civil arts1 & tam$ !m by music & g5tl5ess1 n by =ce ( arms2 7#a7 he 0 ! discov]] ( corn & w9e4 ,b he 0 betray$ by ,typhon1 ! p[] ( d>kness1 & sla9 & dismemb]$4 ,?is happ5$1 says ,plut>*1 on ! #ag? ( ! mon? ,a?yr1 :5 ! sun ent]s into ! ,scorpion 7! sign ( ! ,zodiac :i* indicates ! oncom+ ( ,w9t]74 ,8 body 0 plac$ 9 a box1 b aft]w>ds1 on ! #ai?1 came aga9 to life1 &1 z 9 ! cults ( ,mi?ra1 ,dionysus1 ,adonis & o!rs1 s 9 ! cult ( ,osiris1 an image plac$ 9 a c(f9 0 br\ght out be=e ! wor%ip]s & salut$ ) glad cries ( ,osiris is ris54 7#a7 ,8 suff]+s1 8 dea? & 8 resurrection 7 enact$ ye> by ye> 9 a great my/]y-play at ,abydos4 7#b7 7#a7 ,see ,plut>* on ,isis & ,osiris4 7#b7 ,anci5t ,art & ,ritual1 by ,jane ,e4 ,h>rison1 *ap4 i4 ,! two foll[+ leg5ds h m di/9ctly ! "* ( ,vegetation my?s4 ,adonis or ,tammuz1 ! ,syrian god ( vegetation1 0 a v beautiful y\?1 born ( a ,virg9 7,nature71 & s beautiful t ,v5us & ,pros]p9e 7! goddesses ( ! ,upp] & ,und]worlds7 bo? fell 9 love ) him4 ,to reconcile _! claims x 0 agre$ t he %\ld sp5d half ! ye> 7summ]7 9 ! upp] _w1 & ! w9t] half ) ,pros]p9e bel[4 ,he 0 kill$ by a bo> 7,typhon7 9 ! autumn4 ,& e ye> ! maid5s wept = ,adonis 7see ,ezekiel viii4 #ad74 ,9 ! spr+ a fe/ival ( 8 resurrection 0 held--! wom5 set out to seek him1 & hav+ f\nd ! suppos$ corpse plac$ x 7a wood5 image7 9 a c(f9 or holl[ tree1 & p]=m$ wild rites & lam5tations1 foll[$ by ev5 wild] rejoic+s ov] 8 suppos$ resurrection4 ,at ,aphaca 9 ! ,nor? ( ,syria1 & halfway betwe5 ,byblus & ,baalbec1 !re 0 a fam\s grove & temple ( ,a/>te1 ne> :i* 0 a wild romantic gorge full ( trees1 ! bir?place ( a c]ta9 riv] ,adonis--! wat] ru%+ f a ,cav]n1 "u l(ty cliffs4 ,"h 7x 0 said7 e ye> ! y\? ,adonis 0 aga9 w\nd$ to dea?1 & ! riv] ran r$ ) 8 blood1 7#a7 :ile ! sc>let anemone bloom$ among ! c$>s & walnuts4 7#a7 ,a discoloration caus$ by r$ e>? wa%$ by ra9 f ! m\nta9s1 & :i* has be5 obs]v$ by mod]n travel]s4 ,= ! :ole /ory ( ,adonis & ( ,attis see ,fraz]'s ,gold5 ,b\gh1 "p iv4 ,! /ory ( ,attis is v simil>4 ,he 0 a fair "y %eph]d or h]dsman ( ,phrygia1 belov$ by ,cybele 7or ,demet]71 ! ,"m ( ! gods4 ,he 0 born ( a ,virg9--,nana--:o conceiv$ by putt+ a ripe almond or pomegranate 9 h] bosom4 ,he di$1 ei!r kill$ by a bo>1 ! symbol ( w9t]1 l ,adonis1 or self-ca/rat$ 7l 8 own prie/s72 & he bl$ to dea? at ! foot ( a p9e tree 7! p9e & p9e-cone be+ symbols ( f]tility74 ,! sacrifice ( 8 blood r5ew$ ! f]tility ( ! e>?1 & 9 ! ritual celebration ( 8 dea? & resurrection 8 image 0 fa/5$ to ! trunk ( a p9e-tree 7comp>e ! ,crucifixion74 ,b ,i %all return to ?is leg5d pres5tly4 ,! wor%ip ( ,attis became v widespread & mu* honor$1 & 0 ultimately incorporat$ ) ! e/abli%$ religion at ,rome some:]e ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( our ,era4 ,! foll[+ two leg5ds 7deal+ ) ,h]cules & ) ,kri%na7 h r m ( ! "* ( ! sol>1 & less ( ! vegetational my? ab\t !m4 ,bo? h]oes 7 reg>d$ z great b5efactors ( humanity2 b ! =m] m on ! mat]ial plane1 & ! latt] on ! spiritual4 ,h]cules or ,h]acles 01 l o!r ,sun-gods & b5efactors ( mank9d1 a great ,travel]4 ,he 0 kn[n 9 _m l&s1 & ev]y:]e he 0 invok$ z ,savi\r4 ,he 0 miracul\sly conceiv$ f a div9e ,fa!r2 ev5 9 ! cradle he /rangl$ two s]p5ts s5t to de/roy him4 ,8 _m labors = ! good ( ! _w 7 ultimately epitomiz$ into twelve1 symboliz$ by ! signs ( ! ,zodiac4 ,he slew ! ,nemxan ,lion & ! ,hydra 7(fspr+ ( ,typhon7 & ! ,bo>4 ,he ov]came ! ,cretan ,bull1 & clean$ out ! ,/ables ( ,augeas2 he conqu]$ ,dea? &1 desc5d+ into ,hades1 br\ght ,c]b]us !nce & asc5d$ into ,heav54 ,on all sides he 0 foll[$ by ! gratitude & ! pray]s ( mortals4 ,z to ,kri%na1 ! ,indian god1 ! po9ts ( agreem5t ) ! g5]al div9e c>e] indicat$ above are too sali5t to be ov]look$1 & too num]\s to be fully record$4 ,he also 0 born ( a ,virg9 7,devaki7 & 9 a ,cave1 7#a7 & 8 bir? ann\nc$ by a ,/>4 ,x 0 s\ght to de/roy him1 & = t purpose a massacre ( infants 0 ord]$4 ,ev]y:]e he p]=m$ miracles1 rais+ ! dead1 heal+ lep]s1 & ! deaf & ! bl9d1 & *ampion+ ! poor & oppress$4 ,he _h a belov$ disciple1 ,arjuna1 7cf4 ,john7 be=e :om he 0 transfigur$4 7#b7 ,8 dea? is diff]5tly relat$--z be+ %ot by an arr[1 or crucifi$ on a tree4 ,he desc5d$ into hell2 & rose aga9 f ! dead1 asc5d+ into heav5 9 ! sight ( _m p4 ,he w return at ! la/ day to be ! judge ( ! quick & ! dead4 7#a7 ,cox's ,my?s ( ! ,aryan ,nations1 p4 #ajg4 7#b7 ,bhagavat ,gita1 *4 xi4 ,su* are "s ( ! leg5ds conc]n+ ! pagan & pre-,*ri/ian deities--only briefly sket*$ n[1 9 ord] t we may get some?+ l a true p]spective ( ! :ole subject2 b to mo/ ( !m1 & m 9 detail1 ,i %all return z ! argum5t proce$s4 ,:at we *iefly notice s f> are two po9ts2 on ! "o h& ! g5]al simil>ity ( ^! /ories ) t ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 on ! o!r _! analogy ) ! ye>ly ph5om5a ( ,nature z illu/rat$ by ! c\rse ( ! ,sun 9 heav5 & ! *anges ( ,vegetation on ! e>?4 7#a7 ,! simil>ity ( ^! anci5t pagan leg5ds & beliefs ) ,*ri/ian traditions 0 inde$ s great t x excit$ ! att5tion & ! undisguis$ wra? ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian fa!rs4 ,!y felt no d\bt ab\t ! simil>ity1 b n kn[+ h[ to expla9 x fell back ^u ! innoc5t !ory t ! ,devil--9 ord] to conf\nd ! ,*ri/ians--_h1 ,,c5turies ,,be=e1 caus$ ! pagans to adopt c]ta9 beliefs & practices6 7,v crafty1 we may say1 ( ! ,devil1 b also v innoc5t ( ! ,fa!rs to believe x67 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr = in/ance describes 7#a7 ! in/itution ( ! ,"l's ,supp] z n>rat$ 9 ! ,gospels1 & !n goes on to say3 ,:i* ! wick$ devils h ,,imitat$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ra1 comm&+ ! same ?+ to be done4 ,=1 t bread & a cup ( wat] are plac$ ) c]ta9 incantations 9 ! my/ic rites ( "o :o is be+ initiat$ y ei!r "k or c le>n4 ,t]tullian also says 7#b7 t ! devil by ! my/]ies ( 8 idols imitates ev5 ! ma9 "p ( ! div9e my/]ies4444 ,he baptizes 8 wor%ipp]s 9 wat] & makes !m believe t ?is purifies !m f _! crimes4444 ,mi?ra sets 8 m>k on ! =ehead ( 8 soldi]s2 he celebrates ! oblation ( bread2 he (f]s an image ( ! resurrection1 & pres5ts at once ! cr[n & ! sword2 he limits 8 *ief prie/ to a s+le m>riage2 he ev5 has 8 virg9s & ascetics4 7#c7 ,cortez1 too1 x w be rememb]$ compla9$ t ! ,devil _h positively taught to ! ,mexicans ! same ?+s :i* ,god _h taught to ,*ri/5dom4 7#a7 ,i ,apol4 c4 #ff4 7#b7 ,de ,praescriptione ,h]eticorum1 c4 #dj2 ,de ,bapt4 c4 #c2 ,de ,corona1 c4 #ae4 7#c7 ,= ref]5ce to bo? ^! examples see ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson's ,pagan ,*ri/s1 pp4 #cba1 #cbb4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr aga91 9 ! ,dialogue ) ,trypho says t ! ,bir? 9 ! ,/able 0 ! prototype 767 ( ! bir? ( ,mi?ra 9 ! ,cave ( ,zoroa/rianism2 & boa/s t ,*ri/ 0 born :5 ! ,sun takes its bir? 9 ! ,augean ,/able1 7#a7 com+ z a second ,h]cules to cleanse a f\l _w2 & ,/4 ,augu/9e says we hold ?is 7,*ri/mas7 day holy1 n l ! pagans because ( ! bir? ( ! ,sun1 b because ( ! bir? ( him :o made x4 ,!re are pl5ty ( o!r in/ances 9 ! ,e>ly ,fa!rs ( _! indignant ascription ( ^! simil>ities to ! "w ( devils2 b we ne$ n dwell ov] !m4 ,!re is no ne$ = ,,u to be indignant4 ,on ! contr>y we c n[ see t ^! animadv]sions ( ! ,*ri/ian writ]s are ! evid5ce ( h[ & to :at ext5t 9 ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity ov] ! _w x _h become fus$ ) ! ,pagan cults previ\sly exi/+4 7#a7 ,! ,zodiacal sign ( ,capricornus1 iii4 ,x 0 n till ! ye> ,a4,d4 #ecj or s--five c5turies aft] ! suppos$ bir? ( ,*ri/--t a ,scy?ian ,monk1 ,dionysius ,exiguus1 an abbot & a/ronom] ( ,rome1 0 commission$ to fix ! day & ! ye> ( t bir?4 ,a nice problem1 consid]+ ! hi/orical sci5ce ( ! p]iod6 ,= ye> he assign$ ! date :i* we n[ adopt1 7#b7 & = day & mon? he adopt$ ! #be? ,decemb]--a date :i* _h be5 9 popul> use s9ce ab\t #cej ,b4,c41 & ! v date1 )9 a day or two1 ( ! suppos$ bir? ( ! previ\s ,sungods4 7#c7 ,f t fact alone we may fairly conclude t by ! ye> #ecj or e>li] ! exi/+ ,nature-wor%ips _h become l>gely fus$ into ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 fact ! dates ( ! ma9 pagan religi\s fe/ivals _h by t "t become s popul> t ,*ri/ianity 0 ,,oblig$ to accommodate itself to !m4 7#a7 7#a7 ,z1 = in/ance1 ! fe/ival ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 ,june took ! place ( ! pagan midsumm] fe/ival ( wat] & ba?+2 ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 9 ,augu/ ! place ( t ( ,diana 9 ! same mon?2 & ! fe/ival ( ,all ,s\ls e>ly 9 ,novemb]1 t ( ! _w-wide pagan fea/s ( ! dead & _! gho/s at ! same season4 7#b7 ,see ,encycl4 ,brit4 art4 ,*ronology4 7#c7 ,!re is h[ev] a difficulty 9 accept+ ! #be? ,decemb] z ! real date ( ! ,nativity1 ,decemb] be+ ! height ( ! ra9y season 9 ,judaea1 :5 nei!r flocks nor %eph]ds c\ld h be5 at night 9 ! fields ( ,be?lehem 7674 ,encycl4 ,brit4 art4 ,*ri/mas ,day4 ,accord+ to ,ha/+s's ,encyclopa$ia1 art4 ,*ri/mas1 ,us5] says t ! ,fea/ ( ! ,nativity 0 held orig9ally on ! #f? ,janu>y 7! ,epiphany71 b 9 #cec-d ! ,pope ,lib]ius displac$ x to ! #be? ,decemb]444 b !re is no evid5ce ( a ,fea/ ( ! ,nativity tak+ place at all1 be=e ! f\r? c5tury ,a4,d4 ,x 0 n till #ecd ,a4,d4 t ,*ri/mas ,day & ,epiphany 7 reckon$ by ! law-c\rts z dies non4 ,?is br+s u to ! second po9t m5tion$ a few pages back--! analogy betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian fe/ivals & ! ye>ly ph5om5a ( ,nature 9 ! ,sun & ! ,vegetation4 ,let u take ,*ri/mas ,day fir/4 ,mi?ra1 z we h se51 0 report$ to h be5 born on ! #be? ,decemb] 7:i* 9 ! ,julian ,cal5d> 0 reckon$ z ! day ( ! ,w9t] ,sol/ice ,,& ( ! ,nativity ( ! ,sun72 ,plut>* says 7,isis & ,osiris1 c4 #ab7 t ,osiris 0 born on ! #cfa/ day ( ! ye>1 :5 a ,voice rang out proclaim+ ! ,"l ( ,all4 ,horus1 he says1 0 born on ! #cfbnd day4 ,apollo on ! same4 ,:y 0 all ?is8 ,:y did ! ,druids at ,yule ,tide light ro>+ fires8 ,:y 0 ! cock suppos$ to cr[ all ,*ri/mas ,eve 7,! bird ( dawn+ s+e? all night long78 ,:y 0 ,apollo born ) only "o hair 7! "y ,sun ) only "o feeble ray78 ,:y did ,samson 7"n d]iv$ f ,%eme%1 ! sun7 lose all 8 /r5g? :5 he lo/ 8 hair8 ,:y 7 s _m ( ^! gods--,mi?ra1 ,apollo1 ,kri%na1 ,jesus1 & o!rs1 born 9 caves or und]gr\nd *amb]s8 7#a7 ,:y1 at ! ,ea/] ,eve fe/ival ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re at ,j]usalem is a light br\ght f ! grave & communicat$ to ! c&les ( ?\s&s :o wait outside1 & :o ru% =? rejoic+ to c>ry ! new glory ov] ! _w8 7#b7 ,:y inde$8 except t old] ?an all hi/ory & all writt5 records has be5 ! fe> & wond]m5t ( ! *ildr5 ( m5 ov] ! failure ( ! ,sun's /r5g? 9 ,autumn--! decay ( _! ,god2 & ! anxiety le/ by any means he %\ld n revive or reappe>8 7#a7 ,?is same leg5d ( gods 7or idols7 be+ born 9 caves has1 curi\sly en\gh1 be5 report$ f ,mexico1 ,guatemala1 ! ,antilles1 & o!r places 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,see ,c4 ,f4 ,p4 von ,m>tius1 ,etknographie ,am]ika1 etc4 7,leipzig1 #ahfg71 vol4 i1 p4 #geh4 7#b7 ,comp>e ! ,aztec c]emonial ( light+ a holy fire & communicat+ x to ! multitude f ! w\nd$ brea/ ( a human victim1 celebrat$ e #eb ye>s at ! end ( "o cycle & ! beg9n+ ( ano!r--! con/ellation ( ! ,pleiades be+ 9 ! ,z5i? 7,prescott's ,conque/ ( ,mexico1 ,bk4 ,i1 *4 #d74 ,?9k = a mom5t ( a "t f> back :5 !re 7 absolutely ,,no ,almanacs or ,cal5d>s1 ei!r nicely pr9t$ or o!rwise1 :5 all t timid mortals c\ld see 0 t _! great s\rce ( ,light & ,w>m? 0 daily fail+1 daily s9k+ l[] 9 ! sky4 ,z ev]yone n[ kn[s !re are ab\t ?ree weeks at ! fag end ( ! ye> :5 ! days are at _! %orte/ & !re is v little *ange4 ,:at 0 happ5+8 ,evid5tly ! god _h fall5 ^u evil times4 ,typhon1 ! pr9ce ( d>kness1 _h betray$ him2 ,delilah1 ! que5 ( ,night1 _h %orn 8 hair2 ! dreadful ,bo> _h w\nd$ him2 ,h]cules 0 /ruggl+ ) ,dea? itself2 he _h fall5 "u ! influ5ce ( ^? malign con/ellations--! ,s]p5t & ! ,scorpion4 ,w\ld ! god gr[ weak] & weak]1 & f9ally succumb1 or w\ld he conqu] aft] all8 ,we c imag9e ! anxiety ) :i* ^? e>ly m5 & wom5 wat*$ = ! fir/ indication ( a l5g!n+ day2 & ! univ]sal joy :5 ! ,prie/ 7! repres5tative ( primitive sci5ce7 hav+ made "s simple obs]vations1 ann\nc$ f ! ,temple /eps t ! day ,,0 l5g!n+--t ! ,sun 0 really born aga9 to a new & glori\s c>e]4 7#a7 7#a7 ,x 0 su* ?+s z ^! :i* d\btless gave ! ,prie/hood its p[]4 ,let u look at ! elem5t>y sci5ce ( ^? days a little clos]4 ,h[ )\t ,almanacs or ,cal5d>s c\ld ! day1 or probable day1 ( ! ,sun's rebir? be fix$8 ,g out next ,*ri/mas ,ev5+1 & at midnight y w see ! brighte/ ( ! fix$ />s1 ,sirius1 blaz+ 9 ! s\!rn sky--n h[ev] due s\? f y1 b some:at to ! left ( ! ,m]idian l9e4 ,"s ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago 7ow+ to ! ,precession ( ! ,equ9oxes7 t /> at ! w9t] sol/ice did n /& at midnight :]e y n[ see x1 b almo/ exactly ,,on ! m]idian l9e4 ,! com+ ( ,sirius !re=e to ! m]idian at midnight became ! sign & assurance ( ! ,sun hav+ rea*$ ! v l[e/ po9t ( 8 c\rse1 & !re=e ( hav+ arriv$ at ! mom5t ( 8 re-bir?4 ,:]e !n 0 ! ,sun at t mom5t8 ,obvi\sly 9 ! und]world b5ea? our feet4 ,:atev] views ! anci5ts may h _h ab\t ! %ape ( ! e>?1 x 0 evid5t to ! mass ( p t ! ,sungod1 aft] illum9at+ ! _w dur+ ! day1 plung$ d[n 9 ! ,we/1 & rema9$ !re dur+ ! h\rs ( d>kness 9 "s cav]n "u ! e>?4 ,"h he re/$ & aft] ba?+ 9 ! great ocean r5ew$ 8 g>m5ts be=e reappe>+ 9 ! ,ea/ next morn+4 ,b 9 ?is long night ( 8 greate/ w9t] weakness1 :5 all ! _w 0 hop+ & pray+ = ! r5ewal ( 8 /r5g?1 x is evid5t t ! new bir? w\ld come--if x came at all--at midnight4 ,?is !n 0 ! sacr$ h\r :5 9 ! und]world 7! ,/able or ! ,cave or :atev] x might be call$7 ! *ild 0 born :o 0 de/9$ to be ! ,savior ( m54 ,at t mom5t ,sirius /ood on ! s\!rn m]idian 7& 9 m s\!rn l&s ?an ours ?is w\ld be m ne>ly ov]head72 & t />--!re is little d\bt--is ! ,/> 9 ! ,ea/ m5tion$ 9 ! ,gospels4 ,to ! "r1 z ! suppos$ obs]v] looks at ,sirius on ! midnight ( ,*ri/mas ,eve1 /&s ! magnific5t ,orion1 ! mighty hunt]4 ,!re are ?ree />s 9 8 belt :i*1 z is well kn[n1 lie 9 a /raight l9e po9t+ to ,sirius4 ,!y are n s bright z ,sirius1 b !y are suffici5tly bright to attract att5tion4 ,a long tradition gives !m ! "n ( ! ,?ree ,k+s4 ,dupuis 7#a7 says3 ,orion a trois belles etoiles v]s le milieu1 qui sont de seconde gr&eur et posees en ligne droite1 l'une pres de l'autre1 le peuple les appelle les trois rois4 ,on donne aux trois rois ,magis les noms de ,magalat1 ,galgalat1 ,s>aim2 et ,a?os1 ,satos1 ,p>atoras4 ,les ,ca?oliques les appell5t ,gasp>d1 ,mel*ior1 et ,bal?as>4 ,! la/-m5tion$ gr\p ( names comes 9 ! ,ca?olic ,cal5d> 9 connection ) ! fea/ ( ! ,epiphany 7#f? ,janu>y72 & ! "n ,trois ,rois is commonly to-day giv5 to ^! />s by ! ,fr5* & ,swiss peasants4 7#a7 ,*>les ,f4 ,dupuis 7,orig9e de ,t\s les ,cultes1 ,p>is1 #ahbb7 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ mod]n writ]s on ^! subjects4 ,imm$iately aft] ,midnight !n1 on ! #be? ,decemb]1 ! ,belov$ ,son 7or ,sun-god7 is born4 ,if we g back 9 ?\ght to ! p]iod1 "s ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 :5 at t mom5t ( ! heav5ly bir? ,sirius1 com+ f ! ,ea/1 did actually /& on ! ,m]idian1 we %all come into t\* ) ano!r curi\s a/ronomical co9cid5ce4 ,= at ! same mom5t we %all see ! ,zodiacal con/ellation ( ! ,virg9 9 ! act ( ris+1 & becom+ visible 9 ! ,ea/ divid$ ?r\gh ! middle by ! l9e ( ! horizon4 ,! con/ellation ,virgo is a ,y-%ap$ gr\p1 ( :i* gr a1 ! /> at ! foot1 is ! well-kn[n ,spica1 a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude4 ,! o!r pr9cipal />s1 gr g at ! c5tre1 & gr b & gr e at ! extremities1 are ( ! second magnitude4 ,! :ole resembles m a cup ?an ! human figure2 b :5 we rememb] ! symbolic mean+ ( ! cup1 t seems to be an obvi\s explanation ( ! "n ,virgo1 :i* ! con/ellation has borne s9ce ! e>lie/ times4 7,! ?ree />s gr b1 gr g & gr a1 lie v ne>ly on ! ,ecliptic1 t is1 ! ,sun's pa?--a fact to :i* we %all return pres5tly47 ,at ! mom5t !n :5 ,sirius1 ! /> f ! ,ea/1 by com+ to ! ,m]idian at midnight signall$ ! ,sun's new bir?1 ! ,virg9 0 se5 j ris+ on ! ,ea/]n sky--! horizon l9e pass+ ?r\gh h] c5tre4 ,& _m p ?9k t ?is a/ronomical fact is ! explanation ( ! v widespread leg5d ( ! ,virg9-bir?4 ,i d n ?9k t x is ! sole explanation--= inde$ 9 all or ne>ly all ^! cases ! acceptance ( a my? seems to dep5d n ^u a s+le argum5t b ^u ! conv]g5ce ( a numb] ( mean+s & reasons 9 ! same symbol4 ,b c]ta9ly ! fact m5tion$ above is curi\s1 & its importance is acc5tuat$ by ! foll[+ consid]ations4 ,9 ! ,temple ( ,d5d]ah 9 ,egypt1 & on ! inside ( ! dome1 !re is or ,,0 an elaborate circul> repres5tation ( ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e ( ! sky & ! ,zodiac4 7#a7 ,"h ,virgo ! con/ellation is repres5t$1 z 9 our />-maps1 by a woman ) a spike ( corn 9 h] h& 7,spica74 ,b on ! m>g9 close by !re is an annotat+ & explicatory figure--a figure ( ,isis ) ! infant ,horus 9 h] arms1 & q resembl+ 9 /yle ! ,*ri/ian ,madonna & ,*ild1 except t %e is sitt+ & ! *ild is on h] knee4 ,?is seems to %[ t--:atev] o!r nations may h done 9 associat+ ,virgo ) ,demet]1 ,c]es1 ,diana 7#b7 etc4--! ,egyptians made no d\bt ( ! con/ellation's connection ) ,isis & ,horus4 ,b x is well kn[n z a matt] ( hi/ory t ! wor%ip ( ,isis & ,horus desc5d$ 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian c5turies to ,alex&ria1 :]e x took ! =m ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y & ! infant ,savior1 & s pass$ into ! ,european c]emonial4 ,we h !re=e ! ,virg9 ,m>y connect$ by l9e> succession & desc5t ) t remote ,zodiacal clu/] 9 ! sky6 ,also x may be m5tion$ t on ! ,arabian & ,p]sian globes ( ,ab5ezra & ,abuaz> a ,virg9 & ,*ild are figur$ 9 connection ) ! same con/ellation4 7#c7 7#a7 ,c>efully describ$ & mapp$ by ,dupuis1 see op4 cit4 7#b7 ,= ! h>ve/-fe/ival ( ,diana1 ! ,virg91 & h] p>allelism ) ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 see ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 vol4 i1 #ad & ii1 #aba4 7#c7 ,see ,f4 ,nork1 ,d] ,my/agog 7,leipzig1 #ahch74 ,a curi\s confirmation ( ! same a/ronomical connection is af=d$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,cal5d>4 ,= if ?is be consult$ x w be f\nd t ! fe/ival ( ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 is plac$ on ! #ae? ,augu/1 :ile ! fe/ival ( ! ,bir? ( ! ,virg9 is dat$ ! #h? ,septemb]4 ,i h already po9t$ out t ! />s1 gr a1 gr b & gr g ( ,virgo are almo/ exactly on ! ,ecliptic1 or ,sun's pa? ?r\gh ! sky2 & a brief ref]5ce to ! ,zodiacal signs & ! />-maps w %[ t ! ,sun ea* ye> ent]s ! sign ( ,virgo ab\t ! fir/-m5tion$ date1 & leaves x ab\t ! second date4 ,at ! pres5t day ! ,zodiacal signs 7ow+ to precession7 h %ift$ "s di/ance f ! con/ellations ( ! same "n4 ,b at ! "t :5 ! ,zodiac 0 con/itut$ & ^! names 7 giv51 ! fir/ date obvi\sly w\ld signalize ! actual disappe>ance ( ! clu/] ,virgo 9 ! ,sun's rays--i4 e4 ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 into ! glory ( ! ,god--:ile ! second date w\ld signalize ! reappe>ance ( ! con/ellation or ! ,bir? ( ! ,virg94 ,! ,*ur* ( ,notre ,dame at ,p>is is suppos$ to be on ! orig9al site ( a ,temple ( ,isis2 & x is said 7b ,i h n be5 able to v]ify ?is myself7 t "o ( ! side entrances--t1 namely1 on ! left 9 ent]+ f ! ,nor? 7cloi/]7 side--is figur$ ) ! signs ( ! ,zodiac ,,except t ! sign ,virgo is replac$ by ! figure ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild4 ,s /range is ! scripture ( ! sky6 ,innum]able leg5ds & cu/oms connect ! rebir? ( ! ,sun ) a ,virg9 p>turition4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz] 9 8 ,"p ,,iv ( ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh 7#a7 says3 ,if we may tru/ ! evid5ce ( an obscure s*olia/ ! ,greeks 79 ! wor%ip ( ,mi?ras at ,rome7 us$ to celebrate ! bir? ( ! lum9>y by a midnight s]vice1 com+ out ( ! inn] %r9es & cry+1 ',! ,virg9 has br\ght =?6 ,! light is wax+6' 7gr ',h p>h5os tetok51 auzei pws47 ,9 ,elie ,reclus' little book ,primitive ,folk 7#b7 x is said ( ! ,esquimaux t ,on ! longe/ night ( ! ye> two angak\t 7prie/s71 ( :om "o is disguis$ z a ,,woman1 g f hut to hut ext+ui%+ all ! lights1 rek9dl+ !m f a ve/al flame1 & cry+ out1 ',f ! new sun come? a new light6' 7#a7 ,book ,,ii1 *4 vi4 7#b7 ,9 ! ,contempor>y ,sci5ce ,s]ies1 ,i4 #ib4 ,all ?is above-writt5 on ! ,sol> or ,a/ronomical orig9s ( ! my?s does n ( c\rse imply t ! ,vegetational orig9s mu/ be d5i$ or ignor$4 ,^! latt] 7 d\btless ! e>lie/1 b !re is no reason--z said 9 ! ,introduction 7*4 i7--:y ! two elem5ts %\ld n to "s ext5t h run side by side1 or be5 fus$ ) ea* o!r4 ,9 fact x is q cle> t !y mu/ h done s2 & to sep>ate !m out too rigidly1 or treat !m z antagoni/ic1 is a mi/ake4 ,! ,cave or ,und]world 9 :i* ! ,new ,ye> is born is n only ! place ( ! ,sun's w9t] retirem5t1 b also ! hidd5 *amb] b5ea? ! ,e>? to :i* ! dy+ ,vegetation goes1 & f :i* x re-arises 9 ,spr+4 ,! am\rs ( ,adonis ) ,v5us & ,pros]p9e1 ! lovely goddesses ( ! upp] & "u worlds1 or ( ,attis ) ,cybele1 ! bloom+ ,e>?-"m1 are obvi\s vegetation-symbols2 b !y d n exclude ! int]pretation t ,adonis 7,adonai7 may also figure z a ,sun-god4 ,! ,zodiacal con/ellations ( ,aries & ,taurus 7to :i* ,i %all return pres5tly7 rule 9 heav5 j :5 ! ,lamb & ! ,bull are 9 evid5ce on ! e>?2 & ! ye>ly sacrifice ( ^? two animals & ( ! gr[+ ,corn = ! good ( mank9d runs p>allel ) ! drama ( ! sky1 z x affects n only ! said con/ellations b also ,virgo 7! ,e>?-"m :o be>s ! %eaf ( corn 9 h] h&74 ,i %all !re=e cont9ue 79 ! next *apt]7 to po9t out ^! a/ronomical ref]5ces--:i* are full ( significance & poetry2 b ) a recomm5dation at ! same "t to ! read] n to =get ! poetry & significance ( ! t]re/rial int]pretations4 ,betwe5 ,*ri/mas ,day & ,ea/] !re are sev]al m9or fe/ivals or holy days--su* z ! #bh? ,decemb] 7! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts71 ! #f? ,janu>y 7! ,epiphany71 ! #bnd ,febru>y 7,c&lemas 7#a7 ,day71 ! p]iod ( ,l5t 7,g]man ,l5z1 ! ,spr+71 ! ,annunciation ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 & s =?--:i* h be5 commonly celebrat$ 9 ! pagan cults be=e ,*ri/ianity1 & 9 :i* elem5ts ( ,/> & ,nature wor%ip c be trac$2 b to dwell on all ^! w\ld take too long2 s let u pass at once to ! p]iod ( ,ea/] itself4 7#a7 ,?is fe/ival ( ! ,purification ( ! ,virg9 corresponds ) ! old ,roman fe/ival ( ,juno ,februata 7i4 e4 purifi$7 :i* 0 held 9 ! la/ mon? 7,febru>y7 ( ! ,roman ye>1 & :i* includ$ a c&le procession ( ,c]es1 se>*+ = ,pros]p9e4 7,f4 ,nork1 ,d] ,my/agog47 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,symbolism ,,( ,,! ,,zodiac ,! ,v]nal ,equ9ox has all ov] ! anci5t _w1 & f ! e>lie/ times1 be5 a p]iod ( rejoic+ & ( fe/ivals 9 honor ( ! ,sungod4 ,x is ne$less to labor a po9t :i* is s well kn[n4 ,ev]yone und]/&s & appreciates ! joy ( f9d+ t ! long d>kness is giv+ way1 t ! ,sun is gr[+ 9 /r5g?1 & t ! days are w9n+ a victory ov] ! nights4 ,! birds & fl[]s reappe>1 & ! promise ( ,spr+ is 9 ! air4 ,b x may be wor? :ile to give an elem5t>y explanation ( ! ,,a/ronomical mean+ ( ?is p]iod1 because ?is is n always und]/ood1 & yet x is v important 9 its be>+ on ! rites & cre$s ( ! e>ly religions4 ,! prie/s :o 71 z ,i h said1 ! e>ly /ud5ts & inquir]s1 _h work$ out ?is a/ronomical side1 & 9 t way 7 able to fix dates & to frame = ! b5efit ( ! populace my?s & leg5ds1 :i* 7 9 a c]ta9 s5se explanations ( ! ord] ( ,nature1 & a k9d ( popul> sci5ce4 ,! ,equator1 z ev]yone kn[s1 is an imag9>y l9e or circle girdl+ ! ,e>? half-way betwe5 ! ,nor? & ,s\? poles4 ,if y imag9e a transp>5t ,e>? ) a light at its v c5tre1 & also imag9e ! ,,%ad[ ( ?is equatorial l9e to be ?r[n on ! va/ concave ( ! ,sky1 ?is %ad[ w\ld 9 a/ronomical p>lance co9cide ) ! ,equator ( ! ,sky--=m+ an imag9>y circle half-way betwe5 ! ,nor? & ,s\? cele/ial poles4 ,! ,equator1 !n1 may be pictur$ z cutt+ across ! sky ei!r by day or by night1 & always at ! same elevation--t is1 z se5 f any "o place4 ,b ! ,ecliptic 7! o!r important great circle ( ! heav5s7 c only be ?\ght ( z a l9e trav]s+ ! con/ellations z !y are se5 at ,,night4 ,x is 9 fact ! ,sun's pa? among ! fix$ />s4 ,= 7really ow+ to ! ,e>?'s motion 9 its orbit7 ! ,sun appe>s to move r\nd ! heav5s once a ye>--travell+1 always to ! left1 f con/ellation to con/ellation4 ,! exact pa? ( ! sun is call$ ! ,ecliptic2 & ! b& ( sky on ei!r side ( ! ,ecliptic :i* may be suppos$ to include ! said con/ellations is call$ ! ,zodiac4 ,h[ !n--x w ( c\rse be ask$--see+ t ! ,sun & ! ,/>s c nev] be se5 toge!r--7 ! ,prie/s ,,able to map out ! pa? ( ! =m] among ! latt]8 ,into t "q we ne$ n g4 ,suffici5t to say t !y succe$$2 & _! success--ev5 ) ! v primitive in/rum5ts !y _h--%[s t _! a/ronomical k & acut5ess ( reason+ 7 ( no mean ord]4 ,to return to our ,v]nal ,equ9ox4 ,let u suppose t ! ,equator & ,ecliptic ( ! sky1 at ! ,spr+ season1 are repres5t$ by two l9es ,eq4 & ,ecl4 cross+ ea* o!r at ! po9t ,p4 ,! ,sun1 repres5t$ by ! small circle1 is mov+ sl[ly & 9 its annual c\rse along ! ,ecliptic to ! left4 ,:5 x rea*es ! po9t ,p 7! dott$ circle7 x /&s on ! ,equator ( ! sky1 & !n = a day or two1 be+ nei!r ,nor? nor ,s\?1 x %9es on ! two t]re/rial hemisph]es alike1 & day & night are equal4 ,,be=e t "t1 :5 ! sun is l[ d[n 9 ! heav5s1 night has ! advantage1 & ! days are %ort2 ,,aft]w>ds1 :5 ! ,sun has travell$ m to ! left1 ! days triumph ov] ! nights4 ,x w be se5 !n t ?is po9t ,p :]e ! ,sun's pa? crosses ! ,equator is a v critical po9t4 ,x is ! a/ronomical location ( ! triumph ( ! ,sungod & ( ! arrival ( ,spr+4 ,h[ 0 ?is location def9$8 ,among :at />s 0 ! ,sun mov+ at t critical mom5t8 7,= ( c\rse x 0 und]/ood1 or suppos$1 t ! ,sun 0 deeply influ5c$ by ! con/ellation ?r\gh :i* x 01 or appe>$ to be1 mov+47 ,x seems !n t at ! p]iod :5 ^! que/ions 7 occupy+ m5's m9ds--say ab\t ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago--! po9t :]e ! ,ecliptic cross$ ! ,equator 01 z a matt] ( fact1 9 ! region ( ! con/ellation ,aries or ! he-,lamb4 ,! triumph ( ! ,sungod 0 !re=e1 & q naturally1 ascrib$ to ! influ5ce ( ,aries4 ,,! ,,lamb ,,became ,,! ,,symbol ,,( ,,! ,,ris5 ,,savior1 ,,& ,,( ,,8 ,,passage ,,f ,,! ,,und]world ,,into ,,! ,,height ,,( ,,heav54 ,at fir/ su* an explanation s\nds haz>d\s2 b a ?\s& texts & ref]5ces confirm x2 & x is only by ! accumulation ( evid5ce 9 ^! cases t ! /ud5t becomes conv9c$ ( a !ory's correctness4 ,x mu/ also be rememb]$ 7:at ,i h m5tion$ be=e7 t ^! my?s & leg5ds 7 commonly adopt$ n only = "o /rict reason b because !y repres5t$ 9 a g5]al way ! conv]g5ce ( v>i\s symbols & inf]5ces4 ,let me enum]ate a few po9ts ) reg>d to ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox4 ,9 ! ,bible ! fe/ival is call$ ! ,passov]1 & its suppos$ in/itution by ,moses is relat$ 9 ,exodus1 *4 xii4 ,9 e h\se a he-lamb 0 to be sla91 & its blood to be spr9kl$ on ! doorpo/s ( ! h\se4 ,!n ! ,"l w\ld pass ov] & n smite t h\se4 ,! ,hebrew ^w is pasa*1 to pass4 7#a7 ,! lamb sla9 0 call$ ! ,pas*al ,lamb4 ,b :at 0 t lamb8 ,evid5tly n an e>?ly lamb--7?\gh c]ta9ly ! e>?ly lambs on ! hillsides ,,7 j !n ready to be kill$ & eat57--b ! heav5ly ,lamb1 :i* 0 sla9 or sacrific$ :5 ! ,"l pass$ ov] ! equator & oblit]at$ ! con/ellation ,aries4 ,?is 0 ! ,lamb ( ,god :i* 0 sla9 ea* ye>1 & ,sla9 s9ce ! f\ndation ( ! _w4 ,?is p]iod ( ! ,passov] 7ab\t ! #be? ,m>*7 0 to be 7#b7 ! beg9n+ ( a new ye>4 ,! sacrifice ( ! ,lamb1 & its blood1 7 to be ! promise ( r$emption4 ,! door-frames ( ! h\ses--symbols ( ! entrance into a new life--7 to be spr9kl$ ) blood4 7#c7 ,lat]1 ! imag]y ( ! sav+ p[] ( ! blood ( ! ,lamb became m popul>1 m highly color$4 7,see ,/4 ,paul's epi/les1 & ! e>ly ,fa!rs47 ,& we h ! expression wa%$ 9 ! blood ( ! ,lamb adopt$ into ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 7#a7 ,x is said t pasa* sometimes means n s mu* to pass ov]1 z to hov] ov] & s protect4 ,possibly bo? mean+s ent] 9 "h4 ,see ,isaiah xxxi4 #e4 7#b7 ,see ,exodus xii4 i4 7#c7 ,x is ev5 said 7see ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 vol4 iii1 #ahe7 t ! doorways ( h\ses & temples 9 ,p]u 7 at ! ,spr+ fe/ival daub$ ) blood ( ! fir/-born *ildr5--commut$ aft]w>ds to ! blood ( ! sacr$ animal1 ! ,llama4 ,& z to ,mexico1 ,sahagun1 ! great ,spani% mission>y1 tells u t x 0 a cu/om ( ! p !re to sme> ! outside ( _! h\ses & doors ) blood drawn f _! own e>s & ankles1 9 ord] to propitiate ! god ( ,h>ve/ 7,k+sbor\gh's ,mexican ,antiquities1 vol4 vi1 p4 #bce74 ,9 ord] fully to und]/& ?is extraord9>y expression & its orig9 we mu/ turn = a mom5t to ! wor%ip bo? ( ,mi?ra1 ! ,p]sian ,sungod1 & ( ,attis ! ,syrian god1 z ?r[+ great light on ! ,*ri/ian cult & c]emonies4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 ! e>ly c5turies ( our era ! ,mi?ra-cult 0 spread ov] ! :ole ,we/]n _w4 ,x has left _m monum5ts ( itself "h 9 ,brita94 ,at ,rome ! wor%ip 0 extremely popul>1 & x may almo/ be said to h be5 a matt] ( *ance :e!r ,mi?raism %\ld ov]:elm ,*ri/ianity1 or :e!r ! y\ng] religion by adopt+ _m ( ! rites ( ! old] "o %\ld e/abli% itself 7z x did7 9 ! face ( ! latt]4 ,n[ we h already m5tion$ t 9 ! ,mi?ra cult ! slay+ ( a ,bull by ! ,sungod occupies ! same sort ( place z ! slav+ ( ! ,lamb 9 ! ,*ri/ian cult4 ,x took place at ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox & ! blood ( ! ,bull acquir$ 9 m5's m9ds a magic virtue4 ,mi?raism 0 a greatly old] religion ?an ,*ri/ianity2 b its g5esis 0 simil>4 ,9 fact1 ow+ to ! ,precession ( ! ,equ9oxes1 ! cross+-place ( ! ,ecliptic & ,equator 0 diff]5t at ! "t ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ,mi?ra-wor%ip f :at x 0 9 ! ,*ri/ian p]iod2 & ! ,sun in/ead ( /&+ 9 ! ,he-lamb1 or ,aries1 at ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox /ood1 ab\t two ?\s& ye>s e>li] 7z indicat$ by ! dott$ l9e 9 ! diagram71 9 ?is v con/ellation ( ! ,bull4 7#a7 ,! bull !re=e became ! symbol ( ! triumphant ,god1 & ! sacrifice ( ! bull a holy my/]y4 7,nor mu/ we ov]look "h ! agricultural appropriat5ess ( ! bull z ! emblem ( ,spr+-pl[+s & ( s]vice to man47 7#a7 ,) reg>d to ?is po9t1 see an article 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury = ,septemb] #aijj1 by ,e4 ,w4 ,maund] ( ! ,gre5wi* ,obs]vatory on ,! ,olde/ ,picture ,book 7! ,zodiac74 ,mr4 ,maund] calculates t ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox 0 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,sign ( ! ,bull #e1jjj ye>s ago4 7,x w\ld !re=e be 9 ! c5tre ( ,aries #b1hde ye>s ago--all[+ #b1aee ye>s = ! "t occupi$ 9 pass+ f "o ,sign to ano!r47 ,at ! e>li] p]iod ! ,summ] sol/ice 0 9 ! c5tre ( ,leo1 ! ,autumnal equ9ox 9 ! c5tre ( ,scorpio1 & ! ,w9t] sol/ice 9 ! c5tre ( ,aqu>ius--correspond+ r\ghly1 ,mr4 ,maund] po9ts out1 to ! positions ( ! f\r ,royal ,/>s1 ,aldeb>an1 ,regulus1 ,ant>es & ,fomalhaut4 ,! sacrifice ( ! ,bull became ! image ( r$emption4 ,9 a c]ta9 well-kn[n ,mi?ra-sculpture or gr\p1 ! ,sungod is repres5t$ z plung+ 8 dagg] into a bull1 :ile a scorpion1 a s]p5t1 & o!r animals are suck+ ! latt]'s blood4 ,f "o po9t ( view ?is may be tak5 z symbolic ( ! ,sun f]tiliz+ ! gross ,e>? by plung+ 8 rays into x & s draw+ =? its blood = ! su/5ance ( all creatures2 :ile f ano!r m a/ronomical aspect x symbolizes ! conque/ ( ! ,sun ov] w9t] 9 ! mom5t ( pass+ ov] ! sign ( ! ,bull1 & ! depletion ( ! g5]ative p[] ( ! ,bull by ! ,scorpion--:i* ( c\rse is ! autumnal sign ( ! ,zodiac & h]ald ( w9t]4 ,"o su* ,mi?raic gr\p 0 f\nd at ,o/ia1 :]e !re 0 a l>ge subt]ranean ,temple to ! inv9cible god ,mi?ras4 ,9 ! wor%ip ( ,attis !re 7 7z ,i h already indicat$7 _m po9ts ( resemblance to ! ,*ri/ian cult4 ,on ! #bbnd ,m>* 7! ,v]nal ,equ9ox7 a p9etree 0 cut 9 ! woods & br\ght into ! ,temple ( ,cybele4 ,x 0 treat$ almo/ z a div9ity1 0 deck$ ) violets1 & ! effigy ( a "y man ti$ to ! /em 7cf4 ! ,crucifixion74 ,! #bd? 0 call$ ! ,day ( ,blood2 ! ,high ,prie/ fir/ drew blood f 8 own arms2 & !n ! o!rs ga%$ & sla%$ !mselves1 & spatt]$ ! alt> & ! sacr$ tree ) blood2 :ile novices made !mselves eunu*s = ! k+dom ( heav5's sake4 ,! effigy 0 aft]w>ds laid 9 a tomb4 ,b :5 night fell1 says ,dr4 ,fraz]1 7#a7 sorr[ 0 turn$ to joy4 ,a light 0 br\ght1 & ! tomb 0 f\nd to be empty4 ,! next day1 ! #be?1 0 ! fe/ival ( ! ,resurrection2 & end$ 9 c>nival & lic5se 7! ,hil>ia74 ,fur!r1 says ,dr4 ,fraz]1 ^! my/]ies seem to h includ$ a sacram5tal meal & a baptism ( blood4 7#a7 ,see ,adonis1 ,attis & ,osiris1 ,"p ,,iv ( ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 by ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 p4 #bbi4 ,9 ! baptism ! devotee1 cr[n$ ) gold & wrea!d ) fillets1 desc5d$ into a pit1 ! m\? ( :i* 0 cov]$ ) a wood5 grat+4 ,a bull1 adorn$ ) g>l&s ( fl[]s1 its =ehead glitt]+ ) gold leaf1 0 !n driv5 on to ! grat+ & !re /abb$ to dea? ) a consecrat$ spe>4 ,its hot reek+ blood p\r$ 9 torr5ts ?r\gh ! ap]tures1 & 0 receiv$ ) dev\t eag]ness by ! wor%ip] on e "p ( 8 p]son & g>m5ts1 till he em]g$ f ! pit1 dr5*$1 dripp+1 & sc>let f head to foot1 to receive ! homage1 nay ! adoration1 ( 8 fell[s--z "o :o _h be5 born aga9 to et]nal life & _h wa%$ away 8 s9s 9 ! blood ( ! bull4 7#a7 ,& ,fraz] cont9u+ says3 ,t ! ba? ( blood d]iv$ f slaught] ( ! bull 7tauro-bolium7 0 believ$ to reg5]ate ! devotee = et]nity is prov$ by an inscription f\nd at ,rome1 :i* records t a c]ta9 ,sextilius ,agesilaus ,a$esius1 :o d$icat$ an alt> to ,attis & ! "m ( ! gods 7,cybele7 0 taurobolio criobolio que 9 aet]num r5atus4 7#b7 ,9 ! proc$ure ( ! ,taurobolia & ,criobolia1 says ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson1 7#c7 :i* grew v popul> 9 ! ,roman _w1 we h ! lit]al & orig9al mean+ ( ! phrase 'wa%$ 9 ! blood ( ! lamb' 7#d72 ! doctr9e be+ t resurrection & et]nal life 7 secur$ by dr5*+ or spr9kl+ ) ! actual blood ( a sacrificial bull or ram4 7#e7 ,= ! ,,popul>ity ( ! rite we may quote ,franz ,cumont1 :o says3--,cette d\*e sacree 7taurobolium7 p>eit avoir ete adm9i/ree en ,cappadoce dans un gr& nombre de sanctuaires1 et en p>ticuli] dans ceux de ,ma la gr&e div9ite indig5e1 et dans ceux3 de ,anahita4 7#a7 ,see vol4 i1 pp4 #ccd ff4 7#b7 ,adonis1 ,attis & ,osiris1 p4 #bbi4 ,ref]5ces to ,prud5tius1 & to ,firmicus ,mat]nus1 ,de errore #bh4 #h4 7#c7 ,t is1 ,by ! slaught] ( ! bull & ! slaught] ( ! ram born aga9 into et]nity4 7#d7 ,pagan ,*ri/s1 p4 #cae4 7#e7 ,my/]es de ,mi?ra1 ,bruxelles1 #aijb1 p4 #aec4 ,:e!r ,mr4 ,rob]tson is "r 9 ascrib+ to ! prie/s 7z he appe>s to d7 s mat]iali/ic a view ( ! pot5cy ( ! actual blood is1 ,i %\ld say1 d\btful4 ,i d n myself see t !re is any reason = suppos+ t ! prie/s ( ,mi?ra or ,attis reg>d$ baptism by blood v diff]5tly f ! way 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has g5]ally reg>d$ baptism by wat]--namely1 z a ,,symbol ( "s inn] reg5]ation4 ,!re may c]ta9ly h be5 a little m ( ! ,,magical view & a little less ( ! symbolic1 9 ! old] religions2 b ! diff]5ce 0 probably on ! :ole m "o ( degree ?an ( ess5tial disp>ity4 ,b h[ev] t may be1 we _c b be /ruck by ! extraord9>y analogy betwe5 ! tomb/one inscriptions ( t p]iod born aga9 into et]nity by ! blood ( ! ,bull or ! ,ram1 & ! correspond+ texts 9 our gravey>ds to-day4 ,f4 ,cumont 9 8 elaborate "w1 ,textes et ,monum5ts relatifs aux ,my/]es de ,mi?ra 7#b vols41 ,brussels1 #ahii7 gives a great numb] ( texts & epitaphs ( ! same "* z t above-quot$1 & !y are well wor? /udy+ by ^? int]e/$ 9 ! subject4 ,cumont1 x may be not$ 7vol4 i1 p4 #cje71 ?9ks t ! /ory ( ,mi?ra & ! slay+ ( ! ,bull mu/ h orig9at$ among "s pa/oral p to :om ! bull 0 ! s\rce ( all life4 ,! ,bull 9 heav5--! symbol ( ! triumphant ,sungod--& ! e>?ly bull1 sacrific$ = ! good ( humanity 7 "o & ! same2 ! god1 9 fact1 ,,sacrific$ ,,himself ,,or ,,8 ,,repres5tative4 ,& ,mi?ra 0 ! h]o :o fir/ won ?is conception ( div9ity = mank9d--?\gh ( c\rse x is 9 ess5ce q simil> to ! conception put =w>d by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,z illu/rat+ ! belief t ! ,baptism by ,blood 0 accompani$ by a real reg5]ation ( ! devotee1 ,fraz] quotes an anci5t writ] 7#a7 :o says t = "s "t aft] ! c]emony ! fiction ( a new bir? 0 kept up by diet+ ! devotee on ,,milk1 l a new-born babe4 ,& x is int]e/+ 9 t connection to f9d t ev5 9 ! pres5t day a diet ( ,,absolutely ,,no?+ ,,b ,,milk = six or eight weeks is by _m doctors recomm5d$ z ! only means ( gett+ rid ( deep-seat$ illnesses & enabl+ a pati5t's organism to make a completely new />t 9 life4 7#a7 ,sallu/ius philosophus4 ,see ,adonis1 ,attis & ,osiris1 note1 p4 #bbi4 ,at ,rome1 he fur!r says 7p4 #bcj71 ! new bir? & ! remission ( s9s by ! %$d+ ( bull's blood appe> to h be5 c>ri$ out above all at ! sanctu>y ( ! ,phrygian ,goddess 7,cybele7 on ! ,vatican ,hill1 at or ne> ! spot :]e ! great basilica ( ,/4 ,pet]'s n[ /&s2 = _m inscriptions relat+ to ! rites 7 f\nd :5 ! *ur* 0 be+ enl>g$ 9 #afjh or #afji4 ,f ! ,vatican z a c5tre1 he cont9ues1 ?is b>b>\s sy/em ( sup]/ition seems to h spread to o!r p>ts ( ! ,roman empire4 ,inscriptions f\nd 9 ,gaul & ,g]many prove t prov9cial sanctu>ies modell$ _! ritual on t ( ! ,vatican4 ,x w\ld appe> !n t at ,rome 9 ! quiet e>ly days ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 ! rites & c]emonials ( ,mi?ra & ,cybele1 probably mu* int]m+l$ & bl5d$1 7 exce$+ly popul>4 ,bo? religions _h be5 recogniz$ by ! ,roman ,/ate1 & ! ,*ri/ians1 p]secut$ & despis$ z !y 71 f\nd x h>d to make any headway aga9/ !m--! m s p]haps because ! ,*ri/ian doctr9es appe>$ 9 _m respects to be m]ely fa9t replicas & copies ( ! old] cre$s4 ,rob]tson ma9ta9s 7#a7 t a he-lamb 0 sacrific$ 9 ! ,mi?raic my/]ies1 & he quotes ,porphyry z say+ 7#b7 t a place ne> ! equ9octial circle 0 assign$ to ,mi?ra z an appropriate seat2 & on ?is acc\nt he be>s ! sword ( ! ,ram 7,aries7 :i* is a sign ( ,m>s 7,ares74 ,simil>ly among ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 x is said1 a ram or lamb 0 sacrific$ 9 ! ,pas*al my/]y4 7#a7 ,pagan ,*ri/s1 p4 #ccf4 7#b7 ,de ,antro1 xxiv4 ,_m p ?9k t ! association ( ! ,lamb-god ) ! ,cross arose f ! fact t ! con/ellation ,aries at t "t ,,0 on ! heav5ly cross 7! crossways ( ! ,ecliptic & ,equator-see diagram1 *4 iii71 & 9 ! v place ?r\gh :i* ! ,sungod _h to pass j be=e 8 f9al triumph4 ,& x is curi\s to f9d t ,ju/9 ,m>tyr 9 8 ,dialogue ) ,trypho 7#a7 7a ,jew7 alludes to an old ,jewi% practice ( roa/+ a ,lamb on spits arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a ,cross4 ,! lamb1 he says1 mean+ app>5tly ! ,pas*al lamb1 is roa/$ & dress$ up 9 ! =m ( a cross4 ,= "o spit is transfix$ "r ?r\gh ! l[] p>ts up to ! head1 & "o across ! back1 to :i* are atta*$ ! legs 7=elegs7 ( ! lamb4 7#a7 ,*4 xl4 ,to-day 9 ,morocco at ! fe/ival ( ,eid-el-,kebir1 correspond+ to ! ,*ri/ian ,ea/]1 ! ,mohamm$ans sacrifice a "y ram & hurry x /ill ble$+ to ! prec9cts ( ! ,mosque1 :ile at ! same "t e h\sehold slays a lamb1 z 9 ! ,biblical in/itution1 = its family fea/4 ,b x w p]haps be said1 ,y are go+ too fa/ & prov+ too mu*4 ,9 ! anxiety to %[ t ! ,lamb-god & ! sacrifice ( ! ,lamb 7 honor$ by ! devotees ( ,mi?ra & ,cybele 9 ! ,rome ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 y are =gett+ t ! sacrifice ( ! ,bull & ! baptism 9 bull's blood 7 ! sali5t features ( ! ,p]sian & ,phrygian c]emonials1 "s c5turies e>li]4 ,h[ c y reconcile ! exi/5ce side by side ( div9ities belong+ to su* diff]5t p]iods1 or ascribe !m bo? to an a/ronomical orig98 ,! answ] is simple en\gh4 ,z ,i h expla9$ be=e1 ! ,precession ( ! ,equ9oxes caus$ ! ,sun1 at its mom5t ( triumph ov] ! p[]s ( d>kness1 to /& at "o p]iod 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,bull1 & at a p]iod "s two ?\s& ye>s lat] 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,ram4 ,x 0 p]fectly natural !re=e t a *ange 9 ! sacr$ symbols %\ld1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 take place2 yet p]fectly natural also t ^! symbols1 hav+ once be5 consecrat$ & adopt$1 %\ld cont9ue to be honor$ & clung to long aft] ! "t ( _! a/ronomical appropriat5ess _h pass$1 & s to be f\nd side by side 9 lat] c5turies4 ,! devotee ( ,mi?ra or ,attis on ! ,vatican ,hill at ,rome 9 ! ye> #bjj ,a4,d4 probably _h z little notion or compreh5sion ( ! real orig9 ( ! sacr$ ,bull or ,ram :i* he ador$1 z ! ,*ri/ian 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s to-day has ( ! orig9 ( ! ,lamb-god ^: viceg]5t on e>? is ! ,pope4 ,x is inde$ easy to imag9e t ! *ange f ! wor%ip ( ! ,bull to ! wor%ip ( ! ,lamb :i* und\bt$ly took place among v>i\s peoples z "t w5t on1 0 only a ritual *ange initiat$ by ! prie/s 9 ord] to put on record & h>monize ) ! a/ronomical alt]ation4 ,anyh[ x is curi\s t :ile ,mi?ra 9 ! e>ly times 0 specially associat$ ) ! bull1 8 association ) ! lamb belong$ m to ! ,roman p]iod4 ,some:at ! same happ5$ 9 ! case ( ,attis4 ,9 ! ,bible we read ( ! indignation ( ,moses at ! sett+ up by ! ,israelites ( a ,gold5 ,calf1 ,,aft] ! sacrifice ( ! ram-lamb _h be5 in/itut$--z if inde$ ! rebelli\s p 7 return+ to ! e>li] cult ( ,apis :i* !y ought to h left beh9d !m 9 ,egypt4 ,9 ,egypt itself1 too1 we f9d ! wor%ip ( ,apis1 z "t w5t on1 yield+ place to t ( ! ,ram-head$ god ,amun1 or ,jupit] ,ammon4 7#a7 ,s t bo? f ! ,bible & f ,egyptian hi/ory we may conclude t ! wor%ip ( ! ,lamb or ,ram succe$$ to ! wor%ip ( ! ,bull4 7#a7 ,tacitus 7,hi/4 v4 #d7 speaks ( ram-sacrifice by ! ,jews 9 honor ( ,jupit] ,ammon4 ,see also ,h]odotus 7ii4 #db7 on ! same 9 ,egypt4 ,f9ally x has be5 po9t$ out1 & !re may be "s real connection 9 ! co9cid5ce1 t 9 ! q e>ly ye>s ( ,*ri/ianity ! ,,fi% came 9 z an accept$ symbol ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,consid]+ t aft] ! dom9ation ( ,taurus & ,aries1 ! ,fi% 7,pisces7 comes next 9 succession z ! ,zodiacal sign = ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 & is n[ ! con/ellation 9 :i* ! ,sun /&s at t p]iod1 x seems n impossible t ! a/ronomical *ange has be5 ! cause ( ! adoption ( ?is new symbol4 ,anyh[1 & all[+ = possible errors or exagg]ations1 x becomes cle> t ! travels ( ! ,sun ?r\gh ! belt ( con/ellations :i* =ms ! ,zodiac mu/ h _h1 f e>lie/ times1 a pr(\nd influ5ce on ! g5]ation ( religi\s my?s & leg5ds4 ,to say t x 0 ! only influ5ce w\ld c]ta9ly be a mi/ake4 ,o!r causes und\bt$ly contribut$4 ,b x 0 a ma9 & important influ5ce4 ,! orig9s ( ! ,zodiac are obscure2 we d n "k ) any c]ta9ty ! reasons :y ! v>i\s names 7 giv5 to its compon5t sections1 nor c we measure ! exact antiquity ( ^! names2 b--pre-suppos+ ! names ( ! signs z once giv5--x is n difficult to imag9e ! gr[? ( leg5ds connect$ ) ! ,sun's c\rse among !m4 ,( all ! anci5t div9ities p]haps ,h]cules is ! "o ^: role z a ,sungod is mo/ g5]ally admitt$4 ,! help] ( gods & m51 a mighty ,travell]1 & invok$ ev]y:]e z ! ,savi\r1 8 labors = ! good ( ! _w became ultimately def9$ & sy/ematiz$ z twelve & correspond+ 9 numb] to ! signs ( ! ,zodiac4 ,x is true t ?is sy/ematization only took place at a late p]iod1 probably 9 ,alex&ria2 also t ! id5tification ( "s ( ! ,labors ) ! actual signs z we h !m at pres5t is n always cle>4 ,b consid]+ ! wide preval5ce ( ! ,h]cules my? ov] ! anci5t _w & ! v v>i\s a/ronomical sy/ems x mu/ h be5 connect$ ) 9 its orig91 ?is lack ( exact correspond5ce is h>dly to be wond]$ at4 ,! ,labors ( ,h]cules :i* *iefly int]e/ u are3 7#a7 ,! capture ( ! ,bull1 7#b7 ! slaught] ( ! ,lion1 7#c7 ! de/ruction ( ! ,hydra1 7#d7 ( ! ,bo>1 7#e7 ! cleans+ ( ! /ables ( ,augeas1 7#f7 ! desc5t into ,hades & ! tam+ ( ,c]b]us4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is 9 l9e ) ! ,mi?raic conque/ ( ! ,bull2 ! ,lion is ( c\rse "o ( ! mo/ prom95t con/ellations ( ! ,zodiac1 & its conque/ is obvi\sly ! "w ( a ,savi\r ( mank9d2 :ile ! la/ f\r labors connect !mselves v naturally ) ! ,sol> conflict 9 w9t] aga9/ ! p[]s ( d>kness4 ,! ,bo> 7#d7 we h se5 already z ! image ( ,typhon1 ! pr9ce ( d>kness2 ! ,hydra 7#c7 0 said to be ! (fspr+ ( ,typhon2 ! desc5t into ,hades 7#f7--;g5]ally associat$ ) ,h]cules' /ruggle ) & victory ov] ,dea?--l9ks on to ! desc5t ( ! ,sun into ! und]world1 & its long & d\btful /rife ) ! =ces ( w9t]2 & ! cleans+ ( ! /ables ( ,augeas 7#e7 has ! same signification4 ,x appe>s 9 fact t ! /ables ( ,augeas 0 ano!r "n = ! sign ( ,capricorn ?r\gh :i* ! ,sun passes at ! ,w9t] sol/ice 7#a7--! /able ( c\rse be+ an und]gr\nd *amb]--& ! my? 0 t !re1 9 ?is l[e/ tract & backwat] ( ! ,ecliptic all ! mal>i\s & evil influ5ces ( ! sky 7 collect$1 & ! ,sungod came to wa% !m away 7,decemb] 0 ! height ( ! ra9y season 9 ,judaea7 & cleanse ! ye> t[>ds its rebir?4 7#a7 ,see diagram ( ,zodiac4 ,x %\ld n be =gott5 too t ev5 z a *ild 9 ! cradle ,h]cules slew two s]p5ts s5t = 8 de/ruction--! s]p5t & ! scorpion z autumnal con/ellations figur+ always z enemies ( ! ,sungod--to :i* may be comp>$ ! p[] giv5 to 8 disciples by ,jesus 7#a7 to tread on s]p5ts & scorpions4 ,h]cules also z a ,sungod comp>es curi\sly ) ,samson 7m5tion$ above1 ii71 b we ne$ n dwell on all ! elaborate analogies t h be5 trac$ 7#b7 betwe5 ^! two h]oes4 7#a7 ,luke x4 #ai4 7#b7 ,see ,doane's ,bible ,my?s1 *4 viii1 7,new ,york1 #ahhb47 ,! ,jesus-/ory1 x w n[ be se51 has a great numb] ( correspond5ces ) ! /ories ( =m] ,sungods & ) ! actual c>e] ( ! ,sun ?r\gh ! heav5s--s _m inde$ t !y _c well be attribut$ to m]e co9cid5ce or ev5 to ! blasphem\s wiles ( ! ,devil6 ,let u enum]ate "s ( ^!4 ,!re are 7#a7 ! bir? f a ,virg9 "m2 7#b7 ! bir? 9 a /able 7cave or und]gr\nd *amb]72 & 7#c7 on ! #be? ,decemb] 7j aft] ! w9t] sol/ice74 ,!re is 7#d7 ! ,/> 9 ! ,ea/ 7,sirius7 & 7#e7 ! arrival ( ! ,magi 7! ,?ree ,k+s72 !re is 7#f7 ! ?reat5$ ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 & ! consequ5t flight into a di/ant c\ntry 7told also ( ,kri%na & o!r ,sungods74 ,!re are ! ,*ur* fe/ivals ( 7#g7 ,c&lemas 7#bnd ,febru>y71 ) processions ( c&les to symbolize ! gr[+ light2 ( 7#h7 ,l5t1 or ! arrival ( ,spr+2 ( 7#i7 ,ea/] ,day 7normally on ! #be? ,m>*7 to celebrate ! cross+ ( ! ,equator by ! ,sun2 & 7#aj7 simultane\sly ! outbur/ ( lights at ! ,holy ,sepul*re at ,j]usalem4 ,!re is 7#aa7 ! ,crucifixion & dea? ( ! ,lamb-,god1 on ,good ,friday1 ?ree days be=e ,ea/]2 !re are 7#ab7 ! nail+ to a tree1 7#ac7 ! empty grave1 7#ad7 ! glad ,resurrection 7z 9 ! cases ( ,osiris1 ,attis & o!rs72 !re are 7#ae7 ! twelve disciples 7! ,zodiacal signs72 & 7#af7 ! betrayal by "o ( ! twelve4 ,!n lat] !re is 7#ag7 ,midsumm] ,day1 ! #bd? ,june1 d$icat$ to ! ,nativity ( ,john ! ,bapti/1 & correspond+ to ,*ri/mas ,day2 !re are ! fe/ivals ( 7#ah7 ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 7#ae? ,augu/7 & ( 7#ai7 ! ,nativity ( ! ,virg9 7#h? ,septemb]71 correspond+ to ! movem5t ( ! god ?r\gh ,virgo2 !re is ! conflict ( ,*ri/ & 8 disciples ) ! autumnal a/]isms1 7#bj7 ! ,s]p5t & ! ,scorpion2 & f9ally !re is ! curi\s fact t ! ,*ur* 7#ba7 d$icates ! v day ( ! w9t] sol/ice 7:5 any "o may v naturally d\bt ! rebir? ( ! ,sun7 to ,/4 ,?omas1 :o d\bt$ ! tru? ( ! ,resurrection6 ,^! are "s (1 & by no means all1 ! co9cid5ces 9 "q4 ,b !y are suffici5t1 ,i ?9k1 to prove--ev5 all[+ = possible m>g9s ( error--! tru? ( our g5]al cont5tion4 ,to g into ! p>allelism ( ! c>e]s ( ,kri%na1 ! ,indian ,sungod1 & ,jesus w\ld take too long2 because inde$ ! correspond5ce is s extraord9>ily close & elaborate4 7#a7 ,i propose1 h[ev]1 at ! close ( ?is *apt]1 to dwell n[ = a mom5t on ! ,*ri/ian fe/ival ( ! ,eu*>i/1 p>tly on acc\nt ( its connection ) ! d]ivation f ! a/ronomical rites & ,nature-celebrations already allud$ to1 & p>tly on acc\nt ( ! light :i* ! fe/ival g5]ally1 :e!r ,*ri/ian or ,pagan1 ?r[s on ! orig9s ( ,religi\s ,magic--a subject ,i %all h to deal ) 9 ! next *apt]4 7#a7 ,see ,rob]tson's ,*ri/ianity & ,my?ology1 ,"p ,,ii1 pp4 #abi-cjb2 also ,doane's ,bible ,my?s1 *4 xxviii1 p4 #bgh4 ,i h already 7,*4 ,,ii7 m5tion$ ! ,eu*>i/ic rite held 9 commemoration ( ,mi?ra1 & ! indignant ascription ( ?is by ,ju/9 ,m>tyr to ! wiles ( ! ,devil4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr cle>ly _h no d\bt ab\t ! resemblance ( ! ,mi?raic to ! ,*ri/ian c]emony4 ,a ,sacram5tal meal1 z m5tion$ a few pages back1 seems to h be5 held by ! wor%ip]s ( ,attis 7#a7 9 commemoration ( _! god2 & ! 'my/]ies' ( ! ,pagan cults g5]ally appe> to h includ$ rites--sometimes half-savage1 sometimes m ae/hetic--9 :i* a dismemb]$ animal 0 eat51 or bread & w9e 7! spirits ( ! ,corn & ! ,v9e7 7 consum$1 z repres5t+ ! body ( ! god :om 8 devotees desir$ to honor4 ,b ! be/ example ( ?is practice is af=d$ by ! rites ( ,dionysus1 to :i* ,i w devote a few l9es4 ,dionysus1 l o!r ,sun or ,nature deities1 0 born ( a ,virg9 7,semele or ,demet]7 unta9t$ by any e>?ly husb&2 & born on ! #be?4 ,decemb]4 ,he 0 nurtur$ 9 a ,cave1 & ev5 at t e>ly age 0 id5tifi$ ) ! ,ram or ,lamb1 into ^: =m he 0 = ! "t be+ *ang$4 ,at times also he 0 wor%ip$ 9 ! =m ( a ,bull4 7#b7 ,he travell$ f> & wide2 & br\ght ! great gift ( w9e to mank9d4 7#c7 ,he 0 call$ ,lib]ator1 & ,savi\r4 ,8 grave 0 %[n at ,delphi 9 ! inmo/ %r9e ( ! temple ( ,apollo4 ,secret (f]+s 7 br\ght ?i!r1 :ile ! wom5 :o 7 celebrat+ ! fea/ woke up ! new-born god4444 ,fe/ivals ( ?is k9d 9 celebration ( ! ext9ction & resurrection ( ! deity 7 held 7by wom5 & girls only7 amid ! m\nta9s at night1 e ?ird ye>1 ab\t ! "t ( ! %orte/ day4 ,! rites1 int5d$ to express ! excess ( grief & joy at ! dea? & reappe>ance ( ! god1 7 wild ev5 to savag]y1 & ! wom5 :o p]=m$ !m 7 h5ce kn[n by ! expressive names ( ,bac*ae1 ,ma5ads1 & ,?yiades4 ,!y w&]$ ?r\gh woods & m\nta9s1 _! fly+ locks cr[n$ ) ivy or snakes1 br&i%+ w&s & tor*es1 to ! holl[ s\nds ( ! drum1 or ! %rill notes ( ! flute1 ) wild dances & insane cries & jubilation4 7#a7 ,see ,fraz]'s ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,"p ,,iv1 p4 #bbi4 7#b7 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,"p ,,ii1 ,book ,,ii1 p4 #afd4 7#c7 ,i am ! ,,true ,v9e1 says ! ,jesus ( ! f\r? gospel1 p]haps ) an implicit & ho/ile ref]5ce to ! cult ( ,dionysus--9 :i* ,rob]tson sugge/s 7,*ri/ianity & ,my?ology1 p4 #ceg7 !re 0 a ritual miracle ( turn+ wat] into w9e4 ,ox51 goats1 ev5 fawns & roes f ! =e/ 7 kill$1 torn to pieces1 & eat5 raw4 ,?is 9 imitation ( ! treatm5t ( ,dionysus by ! ,titans1 7#a7--:o x 0 suppos$ _h torn ! god 9 pieces :5 a *ild4 7#a7 ,see art4 ,dionysus4 ,diction>y ( ,classical ,antiquities1 ,nettle%ip & ,s&ys #crd edn41 ,london1 #ahih74 ,dupuis1 "o ( ! e>lie/ writ]s 7at ! beg9n+ ( la/ c5tury7 on ?is subject1 says1 describ+ ! my/ic rites ( ,dionysus 7#a73 ,! sacr$ doors ( ! ,temple 9 :i* ! initiation took place 7 op5$ only once a ye>1 & no /rang] might ev] ent]4 ,night l5t to ^! augu/ my/]ies a veil :i* 0 =bidd5 to be drawn aside--= :oev] x might be4 7#b7 ,x 0 ! sole occasion = ! repres5tation ( ! passion ( ,bac*us 7,dionysus7 dead1 desc5d$ into hell1 & re>is5--9 imitation ( ! repres5tation ( ! suff]+s ( ,osiris :i*1 accord+ to ,h]odotus1 7 commemorat$ at ,sais 9 ,egypt4 ,x 0 9 t place t ! p>tition took place ( ! body ( ! god1 7#c7 :i* 0 !n eat5--! c]emony1 9 fact1 ( :i* our ,eu*>i/ is only a reflection2 :]eas 9 ! my/]ies ( ,bac*us actual raw fle% 0 di/ribut$1 :i* ea* ( ^? pres5t _h to consume 9 commemoration ( ! dea? ( ,bac*us dismemb]$ by ! ,titans1 & ^: passion1 9 ,*ios & ,t5$os1 0 r5ew$ ea* ye> by ! sacrifice ( a man :o repres5t$ ! god4 7#d7 ,possibly x is ?is la/ fact :i* made p believe t ! ,*ri/ians 7^: hoc e/ corpus meum & %>+ ( an ,eu*>i/ic meal 7 no m ?an a %ad[ ( a m anci5t rite7 did really sacrifice a *ild & dev\r its limbs4 7#a7 ,see ,*>les ,f4 ,dupuis1 ,traite des ,my/]es1 *4 i4 7#b7 ,pausan1 ,cor9?1 *4 #cg4 7#c7 ,clem1 ,prot4 ,eur4 ,bac*4 7#d7 ,see ,porphyry1 ,de ,ab/95tia1 lii1 ,section #ef4 ,t ,eu*>i/ic rites 7 v v anci5t is pla9 f ! ,totem-sacram5ts ( savages2 & to ?is subject we %all n[ turn4 ,,iv4 ,,totem-,,sacram5ts ,,& ,,eu*>i/s ,mu* has be5 writt5 on ! orig9 ( ! ,totem-sy/em--! sy/em1 t is1 ( nam+ a tribe or a portion ( a tribe 7say a ,,clan7 aft] "s ,,animal--or sometimes--also aft] "s plant or tree or ,nature-elem5t1 l fire or ra9 or ?und]2 b at be/ ! subject is a difficult "o = u mod]ns to und]/&4 ,a c>eful /udy has be5 made ( x by ,salamon ,re9a* 9 8 ,cultes1 ,my!s et ,religions1 7#a7 :]e he =mulates 8 conclusions 9 twelve /atem5ts or def9itions2 b ev5 s--?\gh 8 sugge/ions are helpful--he ?r[s v little light on ! real orig9 ( ! sy/em4 7#b7 7#a7 ,see ,engli% translation ( c]ta9 *apt]s 7publi%$ by ,david ,nutt 9 #aiab7 entitl$ ,cults1 ,my?s & ,religions1 pp4 #a-be4 ,! ,fr5* orig9al is 9 ?ree l>ge volumes4 7#b7 ,! same may be said ( ! =mulat$ /atem5t ( ! subject 9 ,morris ,ja/r['s ,h&books ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,religion1 vol4 iv4 ,!re are ?ree ma9 difficulties4 ,! fir/ is to und]/& :y primitive ,man %\ld "n 8 ,tribe aft] an animal or object ( nature at all2 ! second1 to und]/& on :at pr9ciple he select$ ! p>ticul> "n 7a lion1 a crocodile1 a lady bird1 a c]ta9 tree72 ! ?ird1 :y he %\ld make ( ! said totem a div9ity1 & pay honor & wor%ip to x4 ,x may be wor? :ile to pause = a mom5t ov] ^!4 7#a7 ,! fact t ! ,tribe 0 "o ( ! e>ly ?+s = :i* ,man f\nd x necess>y to h a "n is int]e/+1 because x %[s h[ e>ly ! solid>ity & psy*ological actuality ( ! tribe 0 recogniz$2 & z to ! selection ( a "n f "s animal or concrete object ( ,nature1 t 0 inevitable1 = ! simple reason t !re 0 no?+ else = ! savage to *oose f4 ,pla9ly to call 8 tribe ,! ,wayf>]s or ,! ,pione]s or ! ,pacifi/s or ! ,inv9cibles1 or by any ( ! ?\s& & "o names :i* mod]n associations adopt1 w\ld h be5 impossible1 s9ce su* ab/ract t]ms _h little or no exi/5ce 9 8 m9d4 ,& aga9 to "n x aft] an animal 0 ! mo/ obvi\s ?+ to d1 simply because ! animals 7 by f> ! mo/ important features or accompanim5ts ( 8 own life4 ,z ,i am deal+ 9 ?is book l>gely ) c]ta9 psy*ological conditions ( human evolution1 x has to be po9t$ out t to primitive man ! animal 0 ! ne>e/ & mo/ closely relat$ ( all objects4 ,be+ ( ! same ord] ( consci\sness z himself1 ! animal appeal$ to him v closely z 8 mate & equal4 ,he made ) reg>d to x little or no di/9ction f himself4 ,we see ?is v cle>ly 9 ! case ( *ildr51 :o ( c\rse repres5t ! savage m9d1 & :o reg>d animals simply z _! mates & equals1 & come quickly into rapport ) !m1 n diff]5tiat+ !mselves f !m4 7#b7 ,z to ! p>ticul> animal or o!r object select$ 9 ord] to give a "n to ! ,tribe1 ?is w\ld no d\bt be l>gely accid5tal4 ,any unusual incid5t might sup]/iti\sly precipitate a "n4 ,we c h>dly imag9e ! ,tribe scrat*+ its congregat$ head 9 ! delib]ate ef=t to ?9k out a suitable emblem = itself4 ,t is n ! way 9 :i* nicknames are inv5t$ 9 a s*ool or any:]e else to-day4 ,at ! same "t ! h]aldic appeal ( a c]ta9 object ( nature1 animate or inanimate1 w\ld be deeply & widely felt4 ,! /r5g? ( ! lion1 ! fleetness ( ! de]1 ! food-value ( a be>1 ! flight ( a bird1 ! awful jaws ( a crocodile1 might easily mesm]ize a :ole tribe4 ,re9a* po9ts out1 ) great ju/ice1 t _m tribes plac$ !mselves "u ! protection ( animals :i* 7 suppos$ 7rightly or wrongly7 to act z guides & augurs1 =etell+ ! future4 ,diodorus1 he says1 di/9ctly /ates t ! hawk1 9 ,egypt1 0 v5]at$ because x =etold ! future4 7,birds g5]ally act z & ,samoa ! kang>oo1 ! cr[ & ! owl premoni% _! fell[ clansm5 ( ev5ts to come4 ,at "o "t ! ,samoan w>riors w5t s f> z to re> owls = _! prophetic qualities 9 w>4 7,! jackal1 or 'pa?f9d]'--^: tracks sometimes lead to ! rema9s ( a food-animal sla9 by a lion1 & _m birds & insects1 h a value ( ?is k9d47 ,! use ( animal totems = purposes ( augury is1 9 all likelihood1 ( great antiquity4 ,m5 mu/ soon h realiz$ t ! s5ses ( animals 7 acut] ?an _! own2 nor is x surpris+ t !y %\ld h expect$ _! totems--t is to say1 _! natural allies--to =ew>n !m bo? ( unsuspect$ dang]s & ( ^? provisions ( nature1 ,,wells especially1 :i* animals seem to sc5t by in/9ct4 7#a7 ,& aga91 beyond all ?is1 ,i h little d\bt t !re are subconsci\s aff9ities :i* unite c]ta9 tribes to c]ta9 animals or plants1 aff9ities ^: orig9 we _c n[ trace1 ?\gh !y are v real--! same aff9ities t we recognize z exi/+ betwe5 individual ,,p]sons & c]ta9 objects ( nature4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hudson--himself 9 _m respects hav+ ?is deep & primitive relation to nature--speaks 9 a v int]e/+ & autobiographical volume 7#b7 ( ! extraord9>y fasc9ation ex]cis$ ^u him z a boy1 n only by a snake1 b by c]ta9 trees1 & especially by a p>ticul> fl[]+-plant n m ?an a foot 9 height1 ) d[ny s(t pale gre5 leaves1 & clu/]s ( r$di% blossoms1 some?+ l val]ian4 444 ,"o ( my sacr$ fl[]s1 he calls x1 & insi/s on ! inexplicable attraction :i* x _h = him4 ,9 v>i\s ways ( ?is k9d "o c p]ceive h[ p>ticul> totems came to be select$ by p>ticul> peoples4 7#a7 ,see ,re9a*1 ,eng4 trans41 op4 cit41 pp4 #bj1 #ba4 7#b7 ,f> away & ,long ago 7#aiah7 *s4 xvi & xvii4 7#c7 ,z to ! t5d5cy to div9ize ^! totems1 ?is arises no d\bt p>tly out ( "q 7#b74 ,! animal or o!r object admir$ on acc\nt ( its /r5g? or swiftness1 or adopt$ z gu>dian ( ! tribe because ( its ke5 sight or prophetic quality1 or inf9itely priz$ on acc\nt ( its food-value1 or felt = any o!r reason to h a peculi> relation & aff9ity to ! tribe1 is by t fact ,,set ,,ap>t4 ,x becomes taboo4 ,x mu/ n be kill$--except "u necessity & by sanction ( ! :ole tribe--nor injur$2 & all deal+s ) x mu/ be f5c$ r\nd ) regulations4 ,x is out ( ?is taboo or sy/em ( taboos t1 accord+ to ,re9a*1 religion arose4 ,i propose 7he says7 to def9e religion z3 ,a ,,sum ,,( ,,scruples 7,,taboos7 ,,:i* ,,imp$e ,,! ,,free ,,ex]cise ,,( ,,our ,,faculties4 7#a7 ,obvi\sly ?is def9ition is gravely defici5t1 simply because x is purely negative1 & leaves out ( acc\nt ! positive aspect ( ! subject4 ,9 ,man1 ! positive cont5t ( religion is ! in/9ctive s5se--:e!r consci\s or subconsci\s--( an inn] unity & cont9uity ) ! _w ar\nd4 ,?is is ! /uff out ( :i* religion is made4 ,! scruples or taboos :i* imp$e ! fre$om ( ?is relation are ! negative =ces :i* give outl9e & =m to ! relation4 ,^! are ! ?+s :i* g5]ate ! ,,rites ,,& ,,c]emonials ( religion2 & z f> z ,re9a* means by religion ,,m]ely rites & c]emonies he is correct2 b cle>ly he only cov]s half ! subject4 ,! t5d5cy to div9ize ! totem is at lea/ z mu* dep5d5t on ! positive s5se ( unity ) x1 z on ! negative scruples :i* limit ! relation 9 ea* p>ticul> case4 ,b ,i %all return to ?is subject pres5tly1 & m ?an once1 ) ! view ( cl>ify+ x4 ,j n[ x w be be/ to illu/rate ! nature ( ,totems g5]ally1 & 9 "s detail4 7#a7 ,see ,orpheus by ,s4 ,re9a*1 p4 #c4 ,z w\ld be ga!r$ f :at ,i h j said1 !re is f\nd among all ! m primitive peoples1 & 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 an imm5se v>iety ( totem-names4 ,! ,d9kas1 = in/ance1 are a r intellig5t well-gr[n p inhabit+ ! upp] rea*es ( ! ,nile 9 ! vic9ity ( ! great swamps4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,seligman _! clans h = totems ! lion1 ! elephant1 ! crocodile1 ! hippopotamus1 ! fox1 & ! hy5a1 z well z c]ta9 birds :i* infe/ & damage ! corn1 "s plants & trees1 & su* ?+s z ra91 fire1 etc4 ,ea* clan speaks ( its totem z its ance/or1 & refra9s 7z a rule7 f injur+ or eat+ x4 7#a7 ,! memb]s ( ! ,crocodile clan call !mselves bro!rs ( ! crocodile4 ,! tribes ( ,be*uana-l& h a v simil> li/ ( totem-names--! buffalo1 ! fi%1 ! porcup9e1 ! wild v9e1 etc4 ,!y too h a ,crocodile clan1 b !y call ! crocodile _! ,,fa!r6 ,! tribes ( ,au/ralia mu* ! same aga91 ) ! diff]5ces suitable to _! c\ntry2 & ! ,r$ ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica ! same4 ,g>cilasso1 della ,vega1 ! ,spani% hi/orian1 son ( an ,inca pr9cess by "o ( ! ,spani% conqu]ors ( ,p]u & au?or ( ! well-kn[n book ,comm5t>ias ,reales1 says 9 t book 7i1 #eg71 speak+ ( ! pre-,inca p]iod1 ,an ,indian 7( ,p]u7 0 n consid]$ honorable unless he 0 desc5d$ f a f\nta91 riv] or lake1 or ev5 f ! sea1 or f a wild animal1 z a be>1 lion1 tig]1 eagle1 or ! bird !y call cuntur 7condor71 or "s o!r bird ( prey4 7#b7 ,accord+ to ,lewis ,morgan1 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians ( v>i\s tribes _h = totems ! wolf1 be>1 beav]1 turtle1 de]1 snipe1 h]on1 hawk1 crane1 loon1 turkey1 muskrat2 pike1 catfi%1 c>p2 buffalo1 elk1 re9de]1 eagle1 h>e1 rabbit1 snake2 re$-grass1 s&1 rock1 & tobacco-plant4 7#a7 ,see ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 vol4 iv1 p4 #ca4 7#b7 ,see ,&rew ,lang1 ,cu/om & ,my?1 p4 #ajd1 also ,my?1 ,ritual & ,religion1 vol4 i1 pp4 #ga1 #gf1 etc4 ,s we might g on r indef9itely4 ,i ne$ h>dly say t 9 m mod]n & civiliz$ life1 relics ( ! totem sy/em are /ill to be f\nd 9 ! =ms ( ! h]aldic creatures adopt$ = _! cre/s by diff]5t families1 & 9 ! be>s1 lions1 eagles1 ! sun1 moon & />s & s =?1 :i* /ill adorn ! flags & are flaunt$ z ! insignia ( ! v>i\s nations4 ,! names may n h be5 ,,orig9ally adopt$ f any def9ite belief 9 blood-relation%ip ) ! animal or o!r object 9 "q2 b :51 z ,rob]tson says 7,pagan ,*ri/s1 p4 #ajd71 a savage le>n$ t he 0 'a ,be>' & t 8 fa!r & gr&fa!r & =efa!rs 7 s be=e him1 x 0 really impossible1 aft] ages 9 :i* totem-names ?us pass$ curr5t1 t he %\ld fail to assume t 8 folk 7 ,,desc5d$ f a be>4 ,z a rule1 z may be imag9$1 ! savage tribesman w on no acc\nt ,,eat 8 tribal totem-animal4 ,su* w\ld naturally be deem$ a k9d ( sacrilege4 ,also x mu/ be rem>k$ t "s totems are h>dly suitable = eat+4 ,yet x is important to obs]ve t occasionally1 & gu>d+ ! c]emony ) great precautions1 x has be5 an almo/ univ]sal cu/om = ! tribal eld]s to call a fea/ at :i* an animal 7ei!r ! totem or "s o!r7 ,,is kill$ & commonly eat5--& ?is 9 ord] t ! tribesm5 may absorb "s virtue belong+ to x1 & may confirm _! id5tity ) ! tribe & ) ea* o!r4 ,! eat+ ( ! be> or o!r animal1 ! spr9kl+ ) its blood1 & ! g5]al ritual 9 :i* ! p>ticipants %>$ its fle%1 or dress$ & disguis$ !mselves 9 its sk91 or o!rwise id5tifi$ !mselves ) x1 0 to !m a symbol ( _! community ( life ) ea* o!r1 & a means ( _! r5ewal & salvation 9 ! holy emblem4 ,& ?is cu/om1 z ! read] w p]ceive1 became ! orig9 ( ! ,eu*>i/s & ,holy ,communions ( ! lat] religions4 ,pr(essor ,rob]tson-,smi?'s celebrat$ ,camel af=ds an in/ance ( ?is4 7#a7 ,x appe>s t ,/4 ,nilus 7fif? c5tury7 has left a detail$ acc\nt ( ! occasional sacrifice 9 8 "t ( a spotless :ite camel among ! ,arabs ( ! ,s9ai region1 :i* closely resembles a totemic communion-fea/4 ,! uncook$ blood & fle% ( ! animal _h to be entirely consum$ by ! fai?ful be=e daybreak4 ,! slaught] ( ! victim1 ! sacram5tal dr9k+ ( ! blood1 & dev\r+ 9 wild ha/e ( ! pieces ( /ill quiv]+ fle%1 recall ! details ( ! ,dionysiac & o!r fe/ivals4 7#b7 ,rob]tson-,smi? himself says3--,! pla9 mean+ is t ! victim 0 dev\r$ be=e its life _h left ! /ill w>m blood & fle%444 & t ?us 9 ! mo/ lit]al way1 all ^? :o %>$ 9 ! c]emony absorb$ "p ( ! victim's life into !mselves4 ,"o sees h[ mu* m =cibly ?an any ord9>y meal su* a rite expresses ! e/abli%m5t or confirmation ( a bond ( common life betwe5 ! wor%ip]s1 & also1 s9ce ! blood is %$ ^u ! alt> itself1 betwe5 ! wor%ip]s & _! god4 ,9 ?is sacrifice1 !n1 ! significant factors are two3 ! conveyance ( ! liv+ blood to ! godhead1 & ! absorption ( ! liv+ fle% & blood into ! fle% & blood ( ! wor%ipp]s4 ,ea* ( ^! is effect$ 9 ! simple/ & mo/ direct mann]1 s t ! mean+ ( ! ritual is p]fectly transp>5t4 7#a7 ,see 8 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #cbj4 7#b7 ,!y also recall ! rites ( ! ,passov]--?\gh 9 ?is latt] ! blood 0 no long] drunk1 nor ! fle% eat5 raw4 ,x seems /range1 ( c\rse1 t m5 %\ld eat _! totems2 & x mu/ n by any means be suppos$ t ?is practice is 7or 07 univ]sal2 b x und\bt$ly obta9s 9 "s cases4 ,z ,miss ,h>rison says 7,!mis1 p4 #abc72 y d n z a rule eat y\r relations1 & z a rule ! eat+ ( a totem is tabu & =bidd51 b 7,miss ,h>rison cont9ues7 at c]ta9 times & "u c]ta9 re/rictions a man n only may1 b ,,mu/1 eat ( 8 totem1 ?\gh only sp>+ly1 z ( a ?+ sacrosanct4 ,! c]emonial c>ri$ out 9 a communal way by ! tribe n only id5tifies ! tribe ) ! totem 7animal71 b is held1 accord+ to e>ly magical ideas1 & :5 ! animal is desir$ = food1 to favor its manipulation4 ,! human tribe p>takes ( ! mana or life-=ce ( ! animal1 & is /r5g!n$2 ! animal tribe is sympa!tically r5ew$ by ! c]emonial & multiplies exce$+ly4 ,! slaught] ( ! sacr$ animal & 7(t57 ! simultane\s outp\r+ ( human blood seals ! compact & confirms ! magic4 ,?is is well illu/rat$ by a c]emony ( ! ',emu' tribe ref]r$ to by ,dr4 ,fraz]3-- ,9 ord] to multiply ,emus :i* are an important article ( food1 ! m5 ( ! ,emu totem 9 ! ,arunta tribe proce$ z foll[s3 ,!y cle> a small spot ( level gr\nd1 & op5+ ve9s 9 _! arms !y let ! blood /ream out until ! surface ( ! gr\nd = a space ( ab\t ?ree squ>e y>ds is soak$ ) x4 ,:5 ! blood has dri$ & cak$1 x =ms a h>d & fairly imp]meable surface1 on :i* !y pa9t ! sacr$ design ( ! emu totem1 especially ! p>ts ( ! bird :i* !y l be/ to eat1 namely1 ! fat & ! eggs4 ,r\nd ?is pa9t+ ! m5 sit & s+4 ,aft]w>ds p]=m]s we>+ long head-dresses to repres5t ! long neck & small head ( ! emu1 mimic ! appe>ance ( ! bird z x /&s aimlessly pe]+ ab\t 9 all directions4 7#a7 7#a7 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh i1 #he--) ref]5ce to ,sp5c] & ,gill5's ,native ,tribes ( ,c5tral ,au/ralia1 pp4 #agi1 #ahi4 ,?us blood sacrifice comes 92 &--7:e!r ?is has ev] actually happ5$ 9 ! case ( ! ,c5tral ,au/ralians ,i "k n7--we c easily imag9e a memb] ( ! ,emu tribe1 & disguis$ z an actual emu1 hav+ be5 c]emonially slaught]$ z a fir/fruits & promise ( ! expect$ & pray$-= emu-crop2 j z ! same c]ta9ly ,,has happ5$ 9 ! case ( m5 we>+ bea/-masks ( ,bulls or ,rams or ,be>s be+ sacrific$ 9 propitiation ( ,bull-gods1 ,ram-gods or ,be>-gods or simply 9 pursuance ( "s k9d ( magic to favor ! multiplication ( ^! food-animals4 ,9 ! light ( totemi/ic ways ( ?9k+ we see pla9ly en\gh ! relation ( man to food-animals4 ,y ne$ or at lea/ desire fle% food1 yet y %r9k f slaught]+ 'y\r bro!r ! ox'2 y desire 8 mana1 yet y respect 8 tabu1 = 9 y & him alike runs ! common life-blood4 ,on y\r own individual responsibility y w\ld nev] kill him2 b = ! common weal1 on great occasions1 & 9 a fa%ion conduct$ ) scrupul\s c>e1 x is exp$i5t t he die = 8 p1 & t !y fea/ ^u 8 fle%4 7#a7 7#a7 ,!mis1 p4 #adj4 ,9 h] little book ,anci5t ,art & ,ritual 7#a7 ,jane ,h>rison describes ! d$ication ( a holy ,bull1 z conduct$ 9 ,greece at ,elis1 & at ,magnesia & o!r cities4 ,!re at ! annual fair ye> by ye> ! /ew>ds ( ! city b\ght a ,bull '! f9e/ t c\ld be got1' & at ! new moon ( ! mon? at ! beg9n+ ( se$-"t 78 ,april7 ,bull 0 l$ 9 procession at ! head ( :i* w5t ! *ief prie/ & prie/ess ( ! city4 ,) !m w5t a h]ald & sacrific]1 & two b&s ( y\?s & maid5s4 ,s holy 0 ! ,bull t no?+ unlucky might come ne> him4 ,! h]ald pron\nc$ al\d a pray] = '! safety ( ! city & ! l&1 & ! citiz5s1 & ! wom5 & *ildr51 = peace & weal?1 & = ! br++ =? ( gra9 & all o!r fruits1 & ( cattle4' ,all ?is long+ = f]tility1 = food & *ildr51 focuses r\nd ! holy ,bull1 ^: hol9ess is 8 /r5g? & fruitfulness4 ,! ,bull is sacrific$4 ,! fle% is divid$ 9 solemn fea/ among ^? :o take "p 9 ! procession4 ,! holy fle% is n (f]$ to a god1 x is eat5--to e man 8 portion--by ea* & e citiz51 t he may get 8 %>e ( ! /r5g? ( ! ,bull1 ( ! luck ( ! ,/ate4 ,b at ,a!ns ! ,b\phonia1 z x 0 call$1 0 foll[$ by a curi\s c]emony4 ,! hide 0 /uff$ ) /raw & sew$ up1 & next ! /uff$ animal 0 set on its feet & yok$ to a pl\gh z ?\gh x 7 pl\gh+4 ,! ,dea? is foll[$ by a ,resurrection4 ,n[ ?is is all important4 ,we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( sacrifice z ! dea?1 ! giv+ up1 ! r5\nc+ ( some?+4 ,b ,,sacrifice does n mean 'dea?' at all4 ,x means ,,mak+ ,,holy1 sanctify+2 & hol9ess 0 to primitive man j special /r5g? & life4 ,:at !y want$ f ! ,bull 0 j t special life & /r5g? :i* all ! ye> long !y _h put into him1 & n\ri%$ & fo/]$4 ,t life 0 9 8 blood4 ,!y c\ld n eat t fle% nor dr9k t blood unless !y kill$ him4 ,s he mu/ die4 ,b x 0 n to give him up to ! gods t !y kill$ him1 n to 'sacrifice' him 9 our s5se1 b to h him1 keep him1 eat him1 live ,,by him & ?r\gh him1 by 8 grace4 7#a7 ,home ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 p4 #hg4 ,we h already _h to deal ) in/ances ( ! c]emonial eat+ ( ! sacr$ he-,lamb or ,ram1 immolat$ 9 ! ,spr+ season ( ! ye>1 & p>tak5 ( 9 a k9d ( communal fea/--n )\t ref]5ce 7at any rate 9 lat] times7 to a suppos$ ,lamb-god4 ,among ! ,a9os 9 ! ,nor? ( ,japan1 z also among ! ,gilyaks 9 ,ea/]n ,sib]ia1 ! ,be> is ! great food-animal1 & is wor%ipp$ z ! supreme giv] ( heal? & /r5g?4 ,!re also a simil> ritual ( sacrifice occurs4 ,a p]fect ,be> is caught & cag$4 ,he is f$ up & ev5 pamp]$ to ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,fi%1 br&y & o!r delicacies are (f]$ to him4 ,"s ( ! p pro/rate !mselves be=e him2 8 com+ into a h\se br+s a bless+1 & if he sniffs at ! food t br+s a bless+ too4 ,!n he is l$ out & sla94 ,a great fea/ takes place1 ! fle% is divid$1 cupfuls ( ! blood are drunk by ! m52 ! tribe is unit$ & /r5g!n$1 & ! ,be>-god blesses ! c]emony--! ideal ,be> t has giv5 its life = ! p4 7#a7 7#a7 ,see ,art & ,ritual1 pp4 #ib-ih2 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ii1 #cge seq42 ,!mis1 pp4 #adj1 #ada2 etc4 ,t ! eat+ ( ! fle% ( an animal or a man conveys to y "s ( ! qualities1 ! life-=ce1 ! mana1 ( t animal or man1 is an idea :i* "o (t5 meets ) among primitive folk4 ,h5ce ! common t5d5cy to eat enemy w>riors sla9 9 battle aga9/ y\r tribe4 ,by do+ s y absorb "s ( _! valor & /r5g?4 ,ev5 ! enemy scalps :i* an ,apa*e ,indian might hang f 8 belt 7 some?+ magical to add to ! ,apa*e's p[]4 ,z ,gilb]t ,murray says1 7#a7 y dev\r$ ! holy animal to get its mana1 its swiftness1 its /r5g?1 its great endurance1 j z ! savage n[ w eat 8 enemy's bra9 or he>t or h&s to get "s p>ticul> quality resid+ !re4 ,ev5--z he expla9s on ! e>li] page--m]e ,,contact 0 (t5 consid]$ suffici5t--we h holy pill>s ^: hol9ess consi/s 9 ! fact t !y h be5 t\*$ by ! blood ( a bull4 ,& 9 ?is connection we may note t ne>ly all ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es h a great belief 9 ! virtue imp>t$ by ! m]e 'lay+ on ( h&s4' 7#a7 ,f\r ,/ages ( ,greek ,religion1 p4 #cf4 ,9 q a diff]5t connection--we read 7#a7 t among ! ,sp>tans a w>rior-boy w\ld (t5 beg = ! love ( ! eld] w>rior :om he admir$ 7i4 e4 ! contact ) 8 body7 9 ord] to obta9 9 t way a portion ( ! latt]'s c\rage & pr[ess4 ,t ?r\gh ! m$iation ( ! lips "o's _s may be unit$ to ! _s ( ano!r p]son is an idea n unfamili> to ! mod]n m9d2 :ile ! ex*ange ( blood1 clo!s1 locks ( hair1 etc41 by lov]s is a cu/om kn[n all ov] ! _w4 7#b7 7#a7 ,aelian ,,vii1 iii1 #ab3 gr autoi g\n 7oi paides7 deontai twn era/wn gr eispne9 autois4 ,see also ,e4 ,be! on ,die ,doris*e ,knab5liebe 9 ! ,rhe9is*es ,museum1 vol4 #bf1 iii1 #dfa4 7#b7 ,see ,crawley's ,my/ic ,rose1 pp4 #bch1 #bdb4 ,to suppose t by eat+ ano!r y absorb 8 or h] s\l is some:at naive c]ta9ly4 ,p]haps x ,,is m native1 m primitive4 ,yet !re may be ,,"s tru? ev5 9 t idea4 ,c]ta9ly ! food t "o eats has a psy*ological effect1 & ! fle%-eat]s among ! human race h a diff]5t temp]am5t z a rule f ! fruit & vegetable eat]s1 :ile among ! animals 7?\gh o!r causes may come 9 "h7 ! ,c>nivora are decid$ly m cruel & less g5tle ?an ! ,h]bivora4 ,to return to ! rites ( ,dionysus1 ,gilb]t ,murray1 speak+ ( ,orphism--a great wave ( religi\s re=m :i* swept ov] ,greece & ,s\? ,italy 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4--says3 7#a7 ,a curi\s relic ( primitive sup]/ition & cruelty rema9$ firmly imb$d$ 9 ,orphism1 a doctr9e irrational & un9telligible1 & = t v reason wrapp$ 9 ! deepe/ & mo/ sacr$ my/]y3 a belief 9 ! ,,sacrifice ,,( ,,dionysus ,,himself1 ,,& ,,! ,,purification ,,( ,,man ,,by ,,8 ,,blood4 ,x seems possible t ! savage ,?racians1 9 ! fury ( _! wor%ip on ! m\nta9s1 :5 !y 7 possess$ by ! god & became 'wild bea/s1' actually tore ) _! tee? & h&s any h>es1 goats1 fawns or ! l t !y came across4444 ,! ,orphic congregations ( lat] times1 9 _! mo/ holy ga!r+s1 solemnly p>took ( ! blood ( a bull1 :i* 0 by a my/]y ! blood ( ,dionysus-,zagreus himself1 ! ,bull ( ,god1 sla9 9 sacrifice = ! purification ( man4 7#b7 7#a7 ,see ,notes to 8 translation ( ! ,bac*ae ( ,euripides4 7#b7 ,= a description ( ?is orgy see ,!ocritus1 ,idyll xxvi2 also = explanations ( x1 ,lang's ,my?1 ,ritual & ,religion1 vol4 ii1 pp1 #bda-bfj1 on ,dionysus4 ,! ,encyclopaedia ,brit41 article ,orpheus1 says3--,orpheus1 9 ! mann] ( 8 dea?1 0 consid]$ to p]sonate ! god ,dionysus1 & 0 ?us repres5tative ( ! god torn to pieces e ye>--a c]emony enact$ by ! ,bac*ae 9 ! e>lie/ times ) a human victim1 & aft]w>ds ) a bull1 to repres5t ! bull-=m$ god4 ,a di/9ct feature ( ?is ritual 0 gr wm(agia 7eat+ ! fle% ( ! victim raw71 :]eby ! communicants imag9$ t !y consum$ & assimilat$ ! god repres5t$ by ! victim1 & ?us became fill$ ) ! div9e ec/asy4 ,comp>e also ! ,h9du doctr9e ( ,prajpati1 ! dismemb]$ ,"l ( ,creation4 ,su* in/ances ( e>ly communal fea/s1 :i* fulfill$ ! d\ble "p ( confirm+ on ! "o h& ! solid>ity ( ! tribe1 & on ! o!r ( br++ ! tribe1 by ! %$d+ ( ! blood ( a div9e ,victim into close relation%ip ) ! v s\rce ( its life1 are pl5tiful to f9d4 ,! sacram5tal rite1 says ,pr(essor ,rob]tson-,smi?1 7#a7 is also an aton+ rite1 :i* br+s ! community aga9 into h>mony ) its ali5at$ god--atonem5t be+ simply an act ( communion design$ to wipe out all memory ( previ\s e/rangem5t4 ,) ?is subject ,i %all deal m specially 9 *apt] vii bel[4 ,mean:ile z in/ances ( e>ly ,eu*>i/s we may m5tion ! foll[+ cases1 rememb]+ always t z ! blood is reg>d$ z ! ,life1 ! dr9k+ or p>tak+ (1 or spr9kl+ )1 blood is always an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! common life2 & t ! juice ( ! grape be+ reg>d$ z ! blood ( ! ,v9e1 w9e 9 ! lat] c]emonials q easily & naturally takes ! place ( ! blood 9 ! e>ly sacrifices4 7#a7 ,religion ( ! ,semites1 p4 #cjb4 ,?us ,p4 ,&rada ,la ,crozius1 a ,fr5* mission>y1 & "o ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ians :o w5t to ,nepaul & ,?ibet1 says 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,india3 ,_! ,gr& ,lama celebrates a species ( sacrifice ) ,,bread & ,,w9e1 9 :i*1 aft] tak+ a small quantity himself1 he di/ributes ! re/ among ! ,lamas pres5t at ?is c]emony4 7#a7 ,! old ,egyptians celebrat$ ! resurrection ( ,osiris by a sacram5t1 eat+ ! sacr$ cake or waf] aft] x _h be5 consecrat$ by ! prie/1 & !reby becom+ v]itable fle% ( 8 fle%4 7#b7 ,z is well kn[n1 ! eat+ ( bread or d\gh sacram5tally 7sometimes mix$ ) blood or se$7 z an emblem ( community ( life ) ! div9ity1 is an extremely anci5t practice or ritual4 ,dr4 ,fraz] 7#c7 says ( ! ,aztecs1 t twice a ye>1 9 ,may & ,decemb]1 an image ( ! great god ,huitzilopo*tli 0 made ( d\gh1 !n brok5 9 pieces & solemnly eat5 by 8 wor%ip]s4 ,& ,"l ,k+sbor\gh 9 8 ,mexican ,antiquities 7vol4 vi1 p4 #bbj7 gives a record ( a mo/ ,holy ,supp] 9 :i* ^! p ate ! fle% ( _! god4 ,x 0 a cake made ( c]ta9 se$s1 & hav+ made x1 !y bless$ x 9 _! mann]1 & broke x into pieces1 :i* ! high prie/ put into c]ta9 v clean vessels1 & took a ?orn ( maguey :i* resembles a v ?ick ne$le1 ) :i* he took up ) ! utmo/ rev]5ce s+le morsels1 :i* he put into ! m\? ( ea* individual 9 ! mann] ( a communion4 ,aco/as 7#d7 confirms ?is & simil> acc\nts4 ,! ,p]uvians p>took ( a sacram5t consi/+ ( a pudd+ ( co>sely gr\nd maize1 ( :i* a portion _h be5 sme>$ on ! idol4 ,! prie/ spr9kl$ x ) ! blood ( ! victim be=e di/ribut+ x to ! p4 ,prie/ & p !n all took _! %>es 9 turn1 ) great c>e t no p>ticle %\ld be all[$ to fall to ! gr\nd--?is be+ look$ ^u z a great s94 7#e7 7#a7 ,see ,doane's ,bible ,my?s1 p4 #cjf4 7#b7 ,f ,! ,great ,law1 ( religi\s orig9s3 by ,w4 ,williamson 7#ahii71 p4 #agg4 7#c7 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 vol4 ii1 p4 #gi4 7#d7 ,natural & ,moral ,hi/ory ( ! ,indies4 ,london 7#afjd74 7#e7 ,see ,m>kham's ,rites & laws ( ! ,incas1 p4 #bg4 ,mov+ f ,p]u to ,*9a 7in/ead ( 'f ,*9a to ,p]u'7 we f9d t ! ,*9ese p\r w9e 7a v g5]al sub/itute = blood7 on a /raw image ( ,confucius1 & !n all pres5t dr9k ( x1 & ta/e ! sacrificial victim1 9 ord] to p>ticipate 9 ! grace ( ,confucius4 7,"h aga9 ! ,corn & ,w9e are bl5d$ 9 "o rite47 ,& ( ,t>t>y ,fa!r ,grueb] ?us te/ifies3 ,?is only ,i d affirm1 t ! devil s mimics ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* !re1 t al?\gh no ,european or ,*ri/ian has ev] be5 !re1 /ill 9 all ess5tial ?+s !y agree s completely ) ! ,roman ,*ur*1 z ev5 to celebrate ! ,ho/ ) bread & w9e3 ) my own eyes ,i h se5 x4 7#a7 ,^! few in/ances are suffici5t to %[ ! extraord9>ily wide diffusion ( ,totem-sacram5ts & ,eu*>i/ic rites all ov] ! _w4 7#a7 ,= ^! two quotations see ,jevons' ,introduction to ! ,hi/ory ( ,religion1 pp4 #adh & #bai4 ,v4 ,,food ,,& ,,vegetation ,,magic ,i h w&]$1 9 pursuit ( ,totems & ! ,eu*>i/1 "s way f ! a/ronomical ?read ( ,*apt]s ,,ii & ,,iii1 & n[ x w\ld appe> t 9 ord] to und]/& religi\s orig9s we mu/ w&] /ill f>!r4 ,! *apt]s m5tion$ 7 l>gely occupi$ ) ,sungods & a/ronomical ph5om5a1 b n[ we h to consid] an e>li] p]iod :5 !re 7 no def9ite =ms ( gods1 & :5 none b ! vague/ a/ronomical k exi/$4 ,sometimes 9 hi/orical matt]s x is be/ & safe/ to move ?us backw>ds 9 ,"t1 f ! ?+s rec5t & fairly well kn[n to ?+s m anci5t & less kn[n4 ,9 ?is way we approa* m securely to "s und]/&+ ( ! dim & remote pa/4 ,x is cle> t be=e any def9ite speculations on heav5-dwell+ gods or div9e be+s _h aris5 9 ! human m9d--or any cle> !ories ( h[ ! sun & moon & />s might be connect$ ) ! *anges ( ! seasons on ! e>?--!re 7 /ill c]ta9 obvi\s ?+s :i* appeal$ to ev]ybody1 le>n$ or unle>n$ alike4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ! return ( ,vegetation1 br++ ) x ! fruits or ! promise ( ! fruits ( ! e>?1 = human food1 & also br++ ) x increase ( animal life1 = food 9 ano!r =m2 & ! o!r 0 ! return ( ,light & ,w>m?1 mak+ life easi] 9 all ways4 ,food deliv]+ f ! fe> ( />vation2 ,light & ,w>m? deliv]+ f ! fe> ( dang] & ( cold4 ,^! 7 ?ree glori\s ?+s :i* return$ toge!r & br\ght salvation & r5ew$ life to man4 ,! p]iod ( _! return 0 ',spr+1' & ?\gh ,spr+ & its b5efits might fade away 9 "t1 /ill !re 0 always ! ,,hope ( its return--?\gh ev5 s x may h be5 a long "t 9 human evolution be=e man discov]$ t x really did always return1 & 7) c]ta9 all[ances7 at equal int]vals ( "t4 ,long !n be=e any ,sun or ,/> gods c\ld be call$ 91 ! return ( ! ,vegetation mu/ h en?rall$ man's att5tion1 & fill$ him ) hope & joy4 ,yet s9ce its return 0 some:at v>iable & unc]ta9 ! "q1 ,:at c\ld man d to assi/ t return8 naturally became a press+ "o4 ,x is n[ g5]ally held t ! use ( ,magic--sympa!tic magic--arose 9 ?is way4 ,sympa!tic magic seems to h be5 g5]at$ by a belief t y\r own actions cause a simil> response 9 ?+s & p]sons ar\nd y4 ,yet ?is belief did n re/ on any philosophy or argum5t1 b 0 purely in/9ctive & sometimes ( ! nature ( a m]e corporeal reaction4 ,e s*oolboy kn[s h[ 9 wat*+ a comrade's high jump at ! ,sports he (t5 f9ds himself lift+ a knee at ! mom5t 'to help him ov]'2 at football mat*es qu>rels sometimes arise among ! spectators by reason ( an ill-plac$ kick com+ f a too en?usia/ic on-look]1 beh9d "o2 und]graduates runn+ on ! t[-pa? beside _! ,college boat 9 ! races w hurry ev5 fa/] ?an ! boat 9 ord] to increase its spe$2 !re is 9 ea* case an automatic bodily response increas$ by "o's own desire4 ,a p]son ,,acts ! "p :i* he desires to be successful4 ,he ?9ks to transf] 8 en]gy 9 t way4 ,aga91 if by *ance "o witnesses a pa9ful accid5t1 a cru%$ foot or :at-n1 x commonly happ5s t "o feels a pa9 9 ! same "p oneself--a sympa!tic pa94 ,:at m natural ?an to suppose t ! pa9 really is transf]r$ f ! "o p]son to ! o!r8 & h[ easy ! inf]5ce t by torm5t+ a wret*$ scape-goat or crucify+ a human victim 9 "s cases ! suff]+s ( p may be reliev$ or _! s9s aton$ =8 ,simae?a1 x w be rememb]$1 9 ! second ,idyll ( ,!ocritus1 curses h] fai?less lov] ,delphis1 & z %e melts 8 wax5 image %e prays t ,,he ,,too ,,may ,,melt4 ,all ?is is ( ! nature ( ,magic1 & is indep5d5t ( & g5]ally m primitive ?an ,!ology or ,philosophy4 ,yet x int]e/s u because x po9ts to a firm in/9ct 9 e>ly man--to :i* ,i h already allud$--! in/9ct ( 8 unity & cont9uity ) ! re/ ( creation1 & ( a common life s close t 8 lighte/ actions may cause a f>-rea*+ reaction 9 ! _w outside4 ,man1 !n1 indep5d5tly ( any belief 9 gods1 may assi/ ! arrival ( ,spr+ by magic c]emonies4 ,if y want ! ,vegetation to appe> y mu/ h ra92 & ! ra9-mak] 9 almo/ all primitive tribes has be5 a ,,mo/ important p]sonage4 ,g5]ally he bas$ 8 rites on q fanciful associations1 z :5 ! ra9-mak] among ! ,m&ans wore a rav5's sk9 on 8 head 7bird ( ! /orm7 or pa9t$ 8 %ield ) r$ zigzags ( lightn+ 7#a72 b p>tly1 no d\bt1 he _h obs]v$ actual facts1 or _h _h ! k ( !m transmitt$ to him--z1 = in/ance t :5 ra9 is imp5d+ l\d noises w br+ ab\t its spe$y d[nfall1 a fact we mod]ns h _h occasion to notice on battlefields4 ,he _h obs]v$ p]haps t 9 a /orm a specially l\d clap ( ?und] is g5]ally foll[$ by a greatly increas$ d[np\r ( ra94 ,he _h ev5 notic$ 7a ?+ :i* ,i h (t5 v]ifi$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,%effield7 t ! copi\s smoke ( fires w g5]ate ra9-cl\ds--& s q naturally he conclud$ t x 0 8 smok+ ,,sacrifices :i* _h t desirable effect4 ,s f> he 0 on ! track ( elem5t>y ,sci5ce4 ,& s he made bull-ro>]s to imitate ! s\nd ( w9d & ! bless$ ra9-br++ ?und]1 or cla%$ great bronze cymbals toge!r ) ! same object4 ,bull-voices & ?und]-drums & ! cla%+ ( cymbals 7 us$ 9 ?is connection by ! ,greeks1 & are m5tion$ by ,aes*ylus 7#b72 b ! bull-ro>]1 9 ! =m ( a rhombus ( wood :irl$ at ! end ( a /r+1 seems to be kn[n1 or to h be5 kn[n1 all ov] ! _w4 ,x is describ$ ) "s c>e by ,mr4 ,&rew ,lang 9 8 ,cu/om & ,my? 7pp4 #bi-dd71 :]e he says x is f\nd always z a sacr$ in/rum5t employ$ 9 religi\s my/]ies1 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 anci5t ,greece1 & ,africa4 7#a7 ,see ,catl9's ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 ,lett] #ai4 7#b7 ,!mis1 p4 #fa4 ,sometimes1 ( c\rse1 ! ra9-mak] 0 successful2 b ( ! inn] causes ( ra9 he knew next to no?+2 he 0 m ignorant ev5 ?an we are6 ,8 ma9 idea 0 a m specially 'magical' "o--namely1 t ! s\nd itself w\ld appeal to ! ,,spirits ( ra9 & ?und] & cause !m to give a response4 ,= ( c\rse ! ?und] 79 ,hebrew ,ba?-,kol1 ! daught] ( ! ,voice7 0 ev]y:]e reg>d$ z ! manife/ation ( a _s4 7#a7 ,to make s\nds l ?und] w\ld !re=e naturally call ! att5tion ( su* a _s2 or he1 ! ra9-mak]1 might make s\nds l ra94 ,he made g\rd-rattles 7kn[n 9 ev] s _m p>ts ( ! _w7 9 :i* he rattl$ dri$ se$s or small pebbles ) a mo/ beguil+ & ra9-l insi/5ce2 or sometimes1 l ! prie/s ( ,baal 9 ! ,bible1 7#b7 he w\ld cut himself ) knives till ! blood fell ^u ! gr\nd 9 great drops sugge/ive ( an oncom+ ?und]-%[]4 ,9 ,mexico ! ra9 god 0 propitiat$ ) sacrifices ( *ildr54 ,if ! *ildr5 wept & %$ abundant te>s1 !y :o c>ri$ !m rejoic$1 be+ conv9c$ t ra9 w\ld also be abundant4 7#c7 ,sometimes he1 ! ra9-mak]1 w\ld ,,:i/le = ! w9d1 or1 l ! ,omaha ,indians1 flap 8 blankets = ! same purpose4 7#a7 ,see ,a4 ,lang1 op4 cit43 ,! mutt]+ ( ! ?und] is said to be 8 voice call+ to ! ra9 to fall & make ! grass gr[ up gre54 ,su* are ! v words ( ,umb>a1 ! m9/rel ( ! ,tribe 7,au/ralian74 7#b7 ,i ,k+s xviii4 7#c7 ,quot$ f ,sahagun ,,ii1 #b1 #c by ,a4 ,lang 9 ,my?1 ,ritual & ,religion1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ajb4 ,9 ! anci5t my? ( ,demet] & ,p]sephone--:i* has be5 adopt$ by s _m peoples "u s _m =ms--,demet] ! ,e>?-"m loses h] daught] ,p]sephone 7:o repres5ts ( c\rse ! ,vegetation71 c>ri$ d[n into ! und]world by ! evil p[]s ( ,d>kness & ,w9t]4 ,& 9 ,greece !re 0 a ye>ly c]emonial & ritual ( magic = ! purpose ( re/or+ ! lo/ "o & br++ h] back to ! _w aga94 ,wom5 c>ri$ c]ta9 *>ms1 fir-cones & snakes & unnamable objects made ( pa/e1 to ensure f]tility2 !re 0 a sacrifice ( pigs1 :o 7 ?r[n into a deep cleft ( ! e>?1 & _! rema9s aft]w>ds collect$ & scatt]$ z a *>m ov] ! fields4 7#a7 ,fir-cones & snakes f _! v =ms 7 emblems ( male f]tility2 snakes1 too1 f _! habit ( glid+ out ( _! own sk9s ) r5ew$ brightness & color 7 sugge/ive ( resurrection & re-vivification2 pigs & s[s by _! exce$+ fruitfulness w\ld 9 _! h\r ( sacrifice rem9d old "m ,e>? ( :at 0 expect$ f h]6 ,moreov]1 no d\bt x _h be5 obs]v$ t ! scatt]+ ( dead fle% ov] ! gr\nd or mix$ ) ! se$1 did bless ! gr\nd to a great] f]tility2 & s by a /range mixture ( primitive obs]vation ) a c]ta9 *ild-l belief t by means ( symbols & sugge/ions ,nature c\ld be appeal$ to & induc$ to answ] to ! desires & ne$s = h] *ildr5 ?is sort ( c]emonial ,magic arose4 ,x 0 n exactly ,sci5ce1 & x 0 n exactly ,religion2 b x 0 a naive1 & p]haps n altoge!r mi/ak51 s5se ( ! bond betwe5 ,nature & ,man4 7#a7 ,see ,gilb]t ,murray's ,f\r ,/ages ( ,greek ,religion1 p4 #bi4 ,= we c p]ceive t e>lie/ man 0 n yet consci\sly diff]5tiat$ f ,nature4 ,n only d we see t ! tribal life 0 s /rong t ! individual seldom reg>d$ himself z diff]5t or sep>ate or oppos$ to ! re/ ( ! tribe2 b t some?+ ( ! same k9d 0 true ) reg>d to 8 relation to ! ,animals & to ,nature at l>ge4 ,?is out] _w 0 "p ( himself1 0 also himself4 ,8 sub-consci\s s5se ( unity 0 s great t x l>gely dom9at$ 8 life4 ,t bra9-clev]ness & bra9-activity :i* causes mod]n man to p]ceive su* a gulf betwe5 him & ! animals1 or betwe5 himself & ,nature1 did n exi/ 9 ! e>ly man4 ,h5ce x 0 no difficulty to him to believe t he 0 a ,be> or an ,emu4 ,sub-consci\sly he 0 wis] ?an we are4 ,he knew t he 0 a be> or an emu1 or any o!r su* animal z 8 totem-cre$ l$ him to fix 8 m9d ^u4 ,h5ce we f9d t a famili>ity & common cons5t exi/$ betwe5 primitive man & _m ( 8 companion animals su* z has be5 lo/ or mu* att5uat$ 9 mod]n times4 ,elisee ,reclus 9 8 v int]e/+ pap] ,la ,gr&e ,famille 7#a7 gives support to ! idea t ! s-call$ dome/ication ( animals did n orig9ally arise f any =cible subjugation ( !m by man1 b f a natural amity ) !m :i* grew up 9 ! beg9n+ f common int]e/s1 pursuits & affections4 ,?us ! *etah ( ,india 7& probably ! puma ( ,brazil7 f f>-back times took to hunt+ 9 ! company ( 8 two-legg$ & b[-&-arr[-arm$ fri5d1 ) :om he divid$ ! spoil4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hudson 7#b7 decl>es t ! ,puma1 wild & fi]ce ?\gh x is1 & capable ( kill+ ! l>ge/ game1 w nev] ev5 to-day attack man1 b :5 maltreat$ by ! latt] submits to ! outrage1 unresi/+1 ) m\rnful cries & e sign ( grief4 ,! ,llama1 ?\gh dome/icat$ 9 a s5se1 has nev] all[$ ! dom9ation ( ! :ip or ! bit1 b may /ill be se5 walk+ by ! side ( ! ,brazilian peasant & c>ry+ 8 burd5s 9 a k9d ( pr\d companion%ip4 ,! mutual relations ( ,wom5 & ! ,c[1 or ( ,man & ! ,horse 7#c7 7also ! ,elephant7 rea* s f> into ! pa/ t _! orig9 _c be trac$4 ,! ,swall[ /ill loves to make its home "u ! cottage eaves & /ill is welcom$ by ! inmates z ! br+] ( good =tune4 ,elisee ,reclus assures u t ! ,d9ka man on ! ,nile calls to c]ta9 snakes by "n & %>es ) !m ! milk ( 8 c[s4 7#a7 ,publi%$ orig9ally 9 ,le ,magaz9e ,int]national1 ,janu>y #ahif4 7#b7 ,see ,! ,naturali/ 9 ,la ,plata1 *4 ii4 7#c7 ,x is c]ta9 t ! primitive ,indo-,european re>$ droves ( tame or half-tame horses = g5]ations1 if n c5turies1 be=e x ev] occurr$ to him to ride or drive !m 7,f4 ,b4 ,jevons1 ,introd4 to ,hi/4 ,religion1 p4 #aai74 ,& s ) ,nature4 ,! communal s5se1 or subconsci\s p]ception1 :i* made primitive m5 feel _! unity ) o!r memb]s ( _! tribe1 & _! obvi\s k9%ip ) ! animals ar\nd !m1 br\ght !m also s close to g5]al ,nature t !y look$ ^u ! trees1 ! vegetation1 ! ra91 ! w>m? ( ! sun1 z "p ( _! bodies1 "p ( !mselves4 ,consci\s diff]5tiation _h n yet set 94 ,to cause ra9 or ?und] y _h to make ra9- or ?und]-l noises2 to enc\rage ,vegetation & ! crops to leap out ( ! gr\nd1 y _h to leap & dance4 ,9 ,swabia & among ! ,transylvanian ,saxons x is a common cu/om 7says ,dr4 ,fraz]7 = a man :o has "s hemp to leap high 9 ! field 9 ! belief t ?is w make ! hemp gr[ tall4 7#a7 ,native ,may-pole dances & ,jacks 9 ! ,gre5 h h>dly yet di$ out--ev5 9 ?is mo/ civiliz$ ,engl&4 ,! b[] ( gre5 b\ghs1 ! music ( pipes1 ! leap+ & ! twirl+1 7 all an enc\ragem5t to ! arrival ( ,spr+1 & an expression ( ,sympa!tic ,magic4 ,:5 y felt full ( life & en]gy & virility 9 y\rself y naturally leapt & danc$1 s :y %\ld y n sympa!tically d ?is = ! en]giz+ ( ! crops8 ,9 e c\ntry ( ! _w ! v]nal season & ! resurrection ( ! ,sun has be5 greet$ ) dances & ! s\nd ( music4 ,b if y want$ success 9 hunt+ or 9 w>f>e !n y danc$ be=e-h& mimic dances sugge/+ ! successful hunt or battle4 ,x 0 no m ?an our *ildr5 d to-day1 & x all 01 & is1 "p ( a natural-magic t5d5cy 9 human ?\ght4 7#a7 ,see ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 i1 #aci seq4 ,also ,art & ,ritual1 p4 #ca4 ,let me pause "h = a mom5t4 ,x is difficult = u ) our academical & some:at s*ool-bo>dy m9ds to ent] into all ?is1 & to und]/& ! s5se ( 7unconsci\s or sub-consci\s7 id5tification ) ! _w ar\nd :i* *>act]iz$ ! primitive man--or to look ^u ,nature ) 8 eyes4 ,a ,tree1 a ,snake1 a ,bull1 an ,e> ( ,corn4 ,,we "k s well f our botany & natural hi/ory books :at ^! ?+s are4 ,:y %\ld our m9ds dwell on !m any long] or h>bor a d\bt z to our p]fect compreh5sion ( !m8 ,& yet 7"o _c help ask+ ! "q73 ,has any "o ( u really ev] ,,se5 a ,tree8 ,i c]ta9ly d n ?9k t ,i h--except mo/ sup]ficially4 ,t v p5etrat+ obs]v] & naturali/1 ,h5ry ,d4 ,?oreau1 tells u t he w\ld (t5 make an appo9tm5t to visit a c]ta9 tree1 miles away--b :at or :om he saw :5 he got !re1 he does n say4 ,walt ,:itman1 also a ke5 obs]v]1 speaks ( a tulip-tree ne> :i* he sometimes sat--! ,apollo ( ! woods--tall & graceful1 yet robu/ & s9ewy1 inimitable 9 hang ( foliage & ?r[+-out ( limb2 z if ! beaute\s1 vital1 leafy creature c\ld walk1 if x only w\ld2 & m5tions t 9 a dream-trance he actually once saw 8 favorite trees /ep out & prom5ade up1 d[n & ar\nd ,,v ,,curi\sly4 7#a7 ,once ! pres5t writ] seem$ to h a p>tial vision ( a tree4 ,x 0 a bee*1 /&+ some:at isolat$1 & /ill leafless 9 q e>ly ,spr+4 ,sudd5ly ,i 0 aw>e ( its skyw>d-rea*+ arms & up-turn$ f+]-tips1 z if "s vivid life 7or electricity7 0 /ream+ ?r\gh !m f> into ! spaces ( heav51 & ( its roots plung$ 9 ! e>? & draw+ ! same en]gies f bel[4 ,! day 0 q /ill & !re 0 no movem5t 9 ! bran*es1 b 9 t mom5t ! tree 0 no long] a sep>ate or sep>able organism1 b a va/ be+ ramify+ f> into space1 %>+ & unit+ ! life ( ,e>? & ,sky1 & full ( a mo/ amaz+ activity4 7#a7 ,specim5 ,days1 #ahhb-c ,edition1 p4 iii4 ,! read] ( ?is w probably h _h "s simil> exp]i5ces4 ,p]haps he w h se5 a full-foliag$ ,lomb>dy popl> sway+ 9 half a gale 9 ,june--! w9d & ! sun /ream+ ov] e little twig & leaf1 ! tree ?r[+ out its bran*es 9 a k9d ( ec/asy & ba?+ !m 9 ! passionately boi/]\s c>esses ( its two visitants2 or he w h he>d ! deep glad murmur ( "s huge sycamore ) rip5+ se$ clu/]s :5 aft] weeks ( dr\ght ! /eady w>m ra9 br+s relief to its ?ir/2 & he w h kn[n t ^! creatures are b lik5esses ( himself1 intimately & deeply-relat$ to him 9 _! love & hung] long+1 &1 l himself too1 unfa?om$ & unfa?omable4 ,x w\ld be absurd to cr$it e>ly man ) consci\s speculations l ^!1 belong+ m prop]ly to ! tw5tie? c5tury2 yet x is incontrov]tible1 ,i ?9k1 t 9 ,,"s ways ! primitive peoples1 ) _! swift subconsci\s intuitions & _! m9ds uncl\d$ by m]e book k1 p]ceiv$ tru?s to :i* we mod]ns are bl9d4 ,l ! animals !y arriv$ at _! p]ceptions )\t 7individual7 bra9 ef=t2 !y knew ?+s )\t ?9k+4 ,:5 !y did ,,?9k ( c\rse !y w5t wrong4 ,_! budd+ sci5ce easily w5t a/ray4 ,religion ) !m _h z yet tak5 no def9ite %ape2 sci5ce 0 equally protoplasmic2 & all !y _h 0 a que] jumble ( ! two 9 ! =m ( ,magic4 ,:5 at a lat] "t ,sci5ce gradually def9$ its outlook & its obs]vations1 & ,religion1 f be+ a vague subconsci\s feel+1 took cle> %ape 9 ! =m ( gods & cre$s1 !n mank9d gradually em]g$ into ! /age ( evolution ,,9 ,,:i* ,,we ,,n[ ,,are4 ,,our sci5tific laws & doctr9es are ( c\rse only tempor>y =mulae1 & s also are ! gods & ! cre$s ( our own & o!r religions2 b ^! ?+s1 ) _! set & angul> outl9es1 h s]v$ 9 ! pa/ & w s]ve 9 ! future z /epp+-/ones t[>ds ano!r k9d ( k ( :i* at pres5t we only dream1 & w lead u on to a r5ew$ p[] ( p]ception :i* aga9 w n be ! labori\s product ( ?\ght b a direct & in/antane\s intuition l t ( ! animals--& ! angels4 ,to return to our ,tree4 ,?\gh primitive man did n speculate 9 mod]n /yle on ^! ?+s1 ,i yet h no reasonable d\bt t he felt 7& ,,feels1 9 ^? cases :]e we c /ill trace ! work+s ( 8 m9d7 8 ess5tial relation%ip to ! creatures ( ! =e/ m intimately1 if less analytically1 ?an we d to-day4 ,if ! animals ) all _! wond]ful gifts are 7z we readily admit7 a v]itable "p ( ,nature--s t !y live & move & h _! be+ m or less subm]g$ 9 ! _s ( ! great _w ar\nd !m--!n ,man1 :5 he fir/ began to diff]5tiate himself f !m1 mu/ = a long "t h rema9$ 9 ?is ,s,u,bconscious unity1 becom+ only di/9ctly ,,consci\s ( x :5 he 0 already beg9n+ to lose x4 ,t e>ly dawn ( di/9ct consci\sness correspond$ to ! p]iod ( belief 9 ,magic4 ,9 t fir/ my/ic illum9ation almo/ e object 0 inve/$ ) a halo ( my/]y or t]ror or adoration4 ,?+s 7 ei!r tabu1 9 :i* case !y 7 dang]\s1 & (t5 n to be t\*$ or ev5 look$ ^u--or !y 7 ov]fl[+ ) magic grace & influ5ce1 9 :i* case !y 7 holy1 & any rite :i* releas$ _! influ5ce 0 also holy4 ,william ,blake1 t mod]n prophetic *ild1 beheld a ,tree full ( angels2 ! ,c5tral ,au/ralian native believes bu%es to be ! abode ( spirits :i* leap into ! bodies ( pass+ wom5 & are ! cause ( ! conception ( *ildr52 ,moses saw 9 ! des]t a bu% 7p]haps ! mimosa7 l a flame ( fire1 ) ,jehovah dwell+ 9 ! mid/ ( x1 & he put (f 8 %oes = he felt t ! place 0 holy2 ,osiris 0 at times reg>d$ z a ,tree-_s 7#a72 & 9 inscriptions is ref]r$ to z ! solit>y "o 9 ! acacia--:i* rem9ds u curi\sly ( ! burn+ bu%4 ,! same is true ( o!rs ( ! gods2 9 ! old ,norse my?ology ,ygdrasil 0 ! great bran*+ ,_w-,a%1 abode ( ! s\l ( ! univ]se2 ! ,peepul or ,bo-tree 9 ,india is v sacr$ & mu/ on no acc\nt be cut d[n1 see+ t gods & spirits dwell among its bran*es4 ,x is ( ! nature ( an ,asp51 & ( little or no practical use1 7#b7 b s holy t ! poore/ peasant w n di/urb x4 ,! ,burmese believe ! ?+s ( nature1 b especially ! trees1 to be ! abode ( spirits4 ,to ! ,burman ( to-day1 n less ?an to ! ,greek ( long ago1 all nature is alive4 ,! =e/ & ! riv] & ! m\nta9s are full ( spirits1 :om ! ,burmans call ,nats4 ,!re are all k9ds ( ,nats1 good & bad1 great & little1 male & female1 n[ liv+ r\nd ab\t u4 ,"s ( !m live 9 ! trees1 especially 9 ! huge figtree t %ades half-an-acre )\t ! village2 or among ! f]n-l fronds ( ! tam>9d4 7#c7 7#a7 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 iv1 #cci4 7#b7 ,?\gh ! sap is said to conta9 ca\t*\c4 7#c7 ,! ,s\l ( a ,p1 by ,h4 ,field+ 7#aijb71 p4 #bej4 ,!re are also 9 ,india & else:]e popul> rites ( ,,m>riage ( wom5 7& m57 to ,trees2 :i* sugge/ t trees 7 reg>d$ z v ne> ak9 to human be+s6 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh 7#a7 m5tions _m ( ^!1 includ+ ! idea t "s trees are male & o!rs female4 ,! well-kn[n ,assyrian emblem ( a ,p9e cone be+ pres5t$ by a prie/ to a ,palm-tree is suppos$ by ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor to symbolize f]tilization--! ,p9e cone be+ mascul9e & ! ,palm fem99e4 ,! c]emony ( ! god ,kri%na's m>riage to a ,basil plant is /ill celebrat$ 9 ,india d[n to ! pres5t day2 & c]ta9 trees are clasp$ & hugg$ by pregnant wom5--! idea no d\bt be+ t !y be/[ f]tility on ^? :o embrace !m4 ,9 o!r cases app>5tly x is ! trees :i* are b5efit$1 s9ce x is said t m5 sometimes g nak$ into ! ,clove plantations at night 9 ord] by a sort ( sexual int]c\rse to f]tilize !m4 7#b7 7#a7 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dj1 ,vol4 iii1 pp4 #bd sq4 7#b7 ,ibid41 vol4 ii1 p4 #ih4 ,"o might g on multiply+ examples 9 ?is direction q indef9itely4 ,!re is no end to !m4 ,!y all indicate--:at 0 in/9ctively felt by e>ly man1 & is p]fectly obvi\s to all to-day :o are n bl9d$ by civilization 7& ,h]b]t ,sp5c]67 t ! _w outside u is really mo/ deeply ak9 to ourselves1 t x is n dead & s5seless b int5sely alive & in/9ct ) feel+ & intellig5ce resembl+ our own4 ,x is ?is p]ception1 ?is conviction ( our ess5tial unity ) ! :ole ( creation1 :i* lay f ! fir/ at ! base ( all ,religion2 yet at fir/1 z ,i h said1 0 h>dly a consci\s p]ception4 ,only lat]1 :5 x gradually became m consci\s1 did x evolve itself into ! def9ite =ms ( ! gods & ! cre$s--b ( t process ,i w speak m 9 detail pres5tly4 ,! ,tree !re=e 0 a mo/ intimate pres5ce to ! ,man4 ,x grew 9 ! v mid/ ( 8 ,g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,x _h a magical virtue1 :i* 8 t5tative sci5ce c\ld only expla9 by *ance analogies & assimilations4 ,attractive & belov$ & wor%ipp$ by reason ( its _m gifts to mank9d--its grateful %elt]1 its ab\nd+ fruits1 its timb]1 & o!r invaluable products--:y %\ld x n become ! natural emblem ( ! female1 to :om ?r\gh sex man's wor%ip is ev] drawn8 ,if ! ,snake has an unmi/akable resemblance to ! male organ 9 its active /ate1 ! foliage ( ! tree or bu% is equally rem9dful ( ! female4 ,:at m cle> ?an t ! conjunction ( ,tree & ,s]p5t is ! fulfilm5t 9 nature ( t sex-my/]y :i* is s pot5t 9 ! life ( man & ! animals8 & t ! magic ritual mo/ obvi\sly fitt$ to induce f]tility 9 ! tribe or ! h]ds 7or ev5 ! crops7 is to set up an image ( ! ,tree & ! ,s]p5t comb9$1 & = all ! tribe-folk 9 common to wor%ip & pay x rev]5ce4 ,9 ! ,bible ) m or less veil$ sexual significance we h ?is comb9ation 9 ! ,ed5-g>d51 & aga9 9 ! braz5 ,s]p5t & ,pole :i* ,moses set up 9 ! wild]ness 7z a cure = ! fi]y s]p5ts ( lu/72 illu/rations ( ! same are said to be f\nd 9 ! temples ( ,egypt & ( ,s\? ,india1 & ev5 9 ! anci5t temples ( ,c5tral ,am]ica4 7#a7 ,9 ! my? ( ,h]cules ! gold5 apples ( ! ,hesp]ides g>d5 are gu>d$ by a dragon4 ,! ,etruscans1 ! ,p]sians & ! ,babylonians _h also leg5ds ( ! ,fall ( man ?r\gh a s]p5t tempt+ him to ta/e ( ! fruit ( a holy ,tree4 ,& ,de ,gub]natis1 7#b7 po9t+ out ! phallic mean+ ( ^! /ories1 says ! leg5ds conc]n+ ! tree ( gold5 apples or figs :i* yields honey or ambrosia1 gu>d$ by dragons1 9 :i* ! life1 ! =tune1 ! glory1 ! /r5g? & ! ri*es ( ! h]o h _! beg9n+1 are num]\s among e p ( ,aryan orig93 9 ,india1 ,p]sia1 ,russia1 ,pol&1 ,sw$51 ,g]many1 ,greece & ,italy4 7#a7 ,see ,anci5t ,pagan & ,mod]n ,*ri/ian ,symbolism1 by ,?omas ,inman 7,trubn]1 #ahgd71 p4 #ee4 7#b7 ,zoological ,my?ology1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #daj sq4 ,?us we see ! natural-magic t5d5cy ( ! human m9d ass]t+ itself4 ,to "s ( u inde$ ?is t5d5cy is ev5 great] 9 ! case ( ! ,snake ?an 9 t ( ! ,tree4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hudson1 9 ,f> ,away & ,long ,ago1 speaks ( t s5se ( some?+ sup]natural 9 ! s]p5t1 :i* appe>s to h be5 univ]sal among peoples 9 a primitive /ate ( culture1 & /ill survives 9 "s b>b>\s or semi-b>b>\s c\ntries4 ,! fasc9ation ( ! ,snake--! fasc9ation ( its my/]i\sly glid+ movem5t1 ( its vivid en]gy1 its glitt]+ eye1 its int5sity ( life1 comb9$ ) its fatal d>t ( ,dea?--is a ?+ felt ev5 m by wom5 ?an by m5--& = a reason 7f :at we h already said7 n f> to seek4 ,x 0 ! ,woman :o 9 ! /ory ( ! ,fall 0 ! fir/ to li/5 to its sugge/ions4 ,no wond] t1 z ,pr(essor ,murray says1 7#a7 ! ,greeks wor%ip$ a gigantic snake 7,meili*ios7 ! "l ( ,dea? & ,life1 ) c]emonies ( appeasem5t1 & sacrifices1 long be=e !y arriv$ at ! wor%ip ( ,zeus & ! ,olympian gods4 7#a7 ,f\r ,/ages ( ,greek ,religion1 p4 #bi4 ,or let u take ! example ( an ,e> ( ,corn4 ,"s p wond]--he>+ n[adays t ! folk ( old us$ to wor%ip a ,corn-_s or ,corn-god--wond] t any human be+s c\ld h be5 s fooli%4 ,b probably ! good p :o wond] ?us h nev] ,,really ,,look$ 7) _! t[n-daz$ eyes7 at a gr[+ spike ( :eat4 7#a7 ,( all ! wond]ful ?+s 9 ,nature ,i h>dly "k any t ?rills "o m ) a s5se ( wiz>dry ?an j ?is v ?+--to obs]ve1 ea* ye>1 ?is disclosure ( ! ,e> )9 ! ,blade--fir/ a swell+ ( ! %ea?1 !n a transp>5cy & a :itey-gre5 face )9 a hood$ %r\d1 & !n ! p]fect spike ( gra9 dis5gag+ itself & spir+ upw>d t[>ds ! sky--! resurrection ( ! :eat ) pale visage appe>+ out ( ! gr\nd4 7#a7 ,ev5 ! ?rice-le>n$ ,dr4 ,famell quotes app>5tly ) approval ! scornful words ( ,hippolytus1 :o 7he says7 speaks ( ! ,a!nians imitat+ p at ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies & %[+ to ! epoptae 7initiates7 t great & m>vel\s my/]y ( p]fect revelation--9 solemn sil5ce--a ,,cut ,,corn/alk 7gr teq]ism5on gr /acon74--,cults ( ! ,greek ,/ates1 vol4 iii1 p4 #ahb4 ,if ?is spectacle amazes "o to-day1 :at emotions mu/ x n h ar\s$ 9 ! brea/s ( ! e>li] folk1 ^: outlook on ! _w 0 s mu* m direct ?an ours--m 'animi/ic' if y l6 ,:at wond]m5t1 :at gratitude1 :at deliv]ance f fe> 7( />vation71 :at c]ta9ty t ?is be+ :o _h be5 ru?lessly cut d[n & sacrific$ la/ ye> = human food _h inde$ aris5 aga9 z a savior ( m51 :at read9ess to make "s human sacrifice 9 return1 bo? z an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! debt1 & z a gift ( some?+ :i* w\ld no d\bt be graci\sly accept$6--7= 0 x n well kn[n t :]e blood _h be5 spilt on ! gr\nd ! future crop 0 s mu* m g5]\s87--:at read9ess to adopt "s magic ritual likely to propitiate ! unse5 p[]--ev5 ?\gh ! outl9e & =m ( ! latt] 7 vague & unc]ta9 9 ! extreme6 ,dr4 ,fraz]1 speak+ ( ! ,egyptian ,osiris z "o out ( _m corn-gods ( ! above "*1 says 7#a73 ,! primitive conception ( him z ! corn-god comes cle>ly out 9 ! fe/ival ( 8 dea? & resurrection1 :i* 0 celebrat$ ! mon? ( ,a?yr4 ,t fe/ival appe>s to h be5 ess5tially a fe/ival ( s[+1 :i* prop]ly fell at ! "t :5 ! husb&man actually committ$ ! se$ to ! e>?4 ,on t occasion an effigy ( ! corn-god1 m\ld$ ( e>? & corn1 0 buri$ ) fun]al rites 9 ! gr\nd 9 ord] t1 dy+ !re1 he might come to life aga9 ) ! new crops4 ,! c]emony 0 9 fact a *>m to ensure ! gr[? ( ! corn by sympa!tic magic1 & we may conjecture t z su* x 0 practis$ 9 a simple =m by e ,egyptian f>m] on 8 fields long be=e x 0 adopt$ & transfigur$ by ! prie/s 9 ! /ately ritual ( ! temple4 7#b7 7#a7 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 iv1 p4 #ccj4 7#b7 ,see *4 xv4 ,! magic 9 ?is case 0 ( a g5tle description2 ! clay image ( ,osiris spr\t+ all ov] ) ! "y gre5 blade 0 pa!tically poetic2 b1 z has be5 sugge/$1 blood?ir/y c]emonies 7 also common en\gh4 ,human sacrifices1 x is said1 _h at "o "t be5 (f]$ at ! grave ( ,osiris4 ,we he> t ! ,indians 9 ,ecuador us$ to sacrifice m5's he>ts & p\r out human blood on _! fields :5 !y s[$ !m2 ! ,pawnee ,indians us$ a human victim ! same1 all[+ 8 blood to drop on ! se$-corn4 ,x is said t 9 ,mexico girls 7 sacrific$1 & t ! ,mexicans w\ld sometimes ,,gr9d _! 7male7 victim1 l corn1 betwe5 two /ones4 7,i'll gr9d 8 bones to make me bread47 ,among ! ,khonds ( ,ea/ ,india--:o 7 p>ticul>ly giv5 to ?is k9d ( ritual--! v ,,te>s ( ! suff]] 7 an incitem5t to m cruelties1 = te>s ( c\rse 7 magic = ,ra94 7#a7 7#a7 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 vol4 vii1 ,! ,corn-,_s1 pp4 #bcf sq4 ,& s on4 ,we h ref]r$ to ! ,bull _m times1 bo? 9 8 a/ronomical aspect z pione] ( ! ,spr+-,sun1 & 9 8 m direct role z pl\gh] ( ! fields1 & provid] ( food f 8 own body4 ,! trem5d\s mana ( ! wild bull1 says ,gilb]t ,murray1 occupies almo/ half ! /age ( pre-,olympic ritual4 7#a7 ,ev5 to u !re is some?+ mesm]ic & ov]:elm+ 9 ! s5se ( ?is animal's glory ( /r5g? & fury & sexual p[]4 ,no wond] ! primitives wor%ip$ him1 or t !y devis$ rituals :i* %\ld convey 8 p[] & vitality by m]e contact1 or t 9 sacram5tal fea/s !y ate 8 fle% & drank 8 blood z a magic symbol & means ( salvation4 7#a7 ,f\r ,/ages1 p4 #cd4 ,,vi4 ,,magicians1 ,,k+s ,,& ,,gods ,x is p]haps necess>y1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ?is *apt]1 to say a few m words ab\t ! nature & orig9 ( ! belief 9 ,magic4 ,magic repres5t$ on "o side1 & cle>ly en\gh1 ! beg9n+s ( ,religion--i4e4 ! in/9ctive s5se ( ,man's inn] cont9uity ) ! _w ar\nd him1 ,,tak+ ,,%ape3 a fanciful %ape x is true1 b ) v real reaction on 8 practical life & feel+s4 7#a7 ,on ! o!r side x repres5t$ ! beg9n+s ( ,sci5ce4 ,x 0 8 fir/ attempt n m]ely to ,,feel b to ,,und]/& ! my/]y ( ?+s4 7#a7 ,= an excell5t acc\nt ( ! relation ( ,magic to ,religion see ,w4 ,mc,dougall1 ,social ,psy*ology 7#aijh71 pp4 #cag-cbj4 ,inevitably ^! fir/ ef=ts to und]/& 7 v pu]ile1 v sup]ficial4 ,z ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor says 7#a7 ( primitive folk 9 g5]al1 !y mi/ook an imag9>y = a real connection4 ,& he in/ances ! case ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,city ( ,ephesus1 :o laid d[n a rope1 sev5 furlongs 9 l5g?1 f ! ,city to ! temple ( ,artemis1 9 ord] to place ! =m] "u ! protection ( ! latt]6 ,,we %\ld lay d[n a telephone wire1 & consid] t we e/abli%$ a mu* m effici5t connection2 b 9 ! beg9n+1 & q naturally1 m51 l *ildr51 rely on surface associations4 ,among ! ,dyaks ( ,borneo 7#b7 :5 ! m5 are away fight+1 ! ,,wom5 mu/ use a sort ( telepa?ic magic 9 ord] to safegu>d !m--t is1 !y mu/ !mselves rise e>ly & keep awake all day 7le/ d>kness & sleep %\ld give advantage to ! enemy72 !y mu/ n ,,oil _! hair 7le/ _! husb&s %\ld make any ,,slips72 !y mu/ eat sp>+ly & put aside rice at e meal 7s t ! m5 may n want = food74 ,& s on4 ,simil> sup]/itions are common4 ,b !y gradually lead to a little ?\ght1 & !n to a little m1 & s to ! discov]y ( actual & provable influ5ces4 ,p]haps "o day ! cord connect+ ! temple ) ,ephesus 0 drawn ,,tight & x 0 f\nd t messages c\ld be1 by tapp+1 transmitt$ along x4 ,t way lay ! discov]y ( a fact4 ,9 an age :i* wor%ip$ f]tility1 :e!r 9 mank9d or animals1 ,,tw9s 7 ev] c\nt$ especially ble/1 & 7 cr$it$ ) a magic p[]4 7,! ,con/ellation ( ! ,tw9s 0 ?\ght peculi>ly lucky47 ,p]haps aft] a "t x 0 discov]$ t tw9s sometimes run 9 families1 & 9 su* cases really d br+ f]tility ) !m4 ,9 cattle x is kn[n n[adays t !re are m tw9s ( ! female sex ?an ( ! male sex4 7#c7 7#a7 ,primitive ,culture1 vol4 i1 p4 #ajf4 7#b7 ,see ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 i1 #abg4 7#c7 ,see ,evolution ( ,sex1 by ,g$des & ,?omson 7#aija71 p4 #da1 note4 ,obs]vations ( ?is k9d 7 naturally made by ! able/ memb]s ( ! tribe--:o 7 9 all probability ! m$ic9e-m5 & wiz>ds--& br\ght 9 consequ5ce p[] into _! h&s4 ,! road to p[] 9 fact--& especially 0 ?is ! case 9 societies :i* _h n yet develop$ weal? & prop]ty--lay ?r\gh ,magic4 ,z f> z magic repres5t$ e>ly sup]/ition & religion x laid hold ( ! he>ts ( m5--_! hopes & fe>s2 z f> z x repres5t$ sci5ce & ! beg9n+s ( actual k1 x inspir$ _! m9ds ) a s5se ( p[]1 & gave =m to _! lives & cu/oms4 ,we h no reason to suppose t ! e>ly magicians & m$ic9e-m5 7 peculi>ly wick$ or b5t on m]e self-aggr&izem5t--any m ?an we h to ?9k ! same ( ! av]age c\ntry vic> or c\ntry doctor ( to-day4 ,!y 7 m]ely m5 a trifle wis] or m in/ruct$ ?an _! flocks4 ,b ?\gh probably 9 mo/ cases _! orig9al int5tions 7 dec5t en\gh1 !y 7 n pro( aga9/ ! temptations :i* ! possession ( p[] always br+s1 & z "t w5t on !y became liable to trade m & m ^u ?is p[] = _! own advancem5t4 ,9 ! matt] ( ,religion ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian prie/hood ?r\gh ! c5turies %[s suffici5tly to :at misuse su* p[] c be put2 & 9 ! matt] ( ,sci5ce x is a w>n+ to u ( ! dang]s att5d+ ! =mation ( a sci5tific prie/hood1 su* z we see gr[+ up ar\nd u to-day4 ,9 bo? cases--:e!r ,sci5ce or ,religion--vanity1 p]sonal ambition1 lu/ ( dom9ation & a hundr$ o!r vices1 unless correct$ by a real devotion to ! public good1 may easily br+ z _m evils 9 _! tra9 z ^? !y pr(ess to cure4 ,! ,m$ic9e-man1 or ,wiz>d1 or ,magician1 or ,prie/1 sl[ly b necess>ily ga!r$ p[] into 8 h&s1 & !re is mu* evid5ce to %[ t 9 ! case ( _m tribes at any rate1 x 0 ,,he :o became ultimate *ief & lead] & laid ! f\ndations ( ,k+%ip4 ,! ,basileus 0 always a sacr$ p]sonality1 & (t5 unit$ 9 himself z head ( ! clan ! (fices ( *ief 9 w>f>e & lead] 9 prie/ly rites--l ,agamemnon 9 ,hom]1 or ,saul or ,david 9 ! ,bible4 ,z a magician he _h influ5ce ov] ! f]tility ( ! e>? &1 l ! blameless k+ 9 ! ,odyssey1 "u 8 sway ! d>k e>? be>e? 9 season ,b>ley & :eat1 & ! trees are lad5 ) fruitage1 & alway ,yean unfail+ ! flocks1 & ! sea gives fi% 9 abundance4 7#a7 7#a7 ,odyssey xix1 #aji sq4 ,translation by ,h4 ,b4 ,cott]ill4 ,z a magician too he 0 tru/$ = success 9 w>f>e2 & ,s*oolcraft1 9 a passage quot$ by ,&rew ,lang1 7#a7 says ( ! ,dacotah ,indians ! w>-*ief :o leads ! p>ty to w> is always "o ( ^! m$ic9e-m54 ,?is connection1 h[ev]1 by :i* ! magician is trans=m$ into ! k+ has be5 abundantly /udi$1 & ne$ n be fur!r dwelt ^u "h4 ,& :at ( ! trans=mation ( ! k+ into a god--or ( ! ,magician or ,prie/ directly into ! same8 ,p]haps 9 ord] to appreciate ?is1 "o mu/ make a fur!r digression4 ,= ! e>ly peoples !re 71 z x w\ld appe>1 two ma9 objects 9 life3 7#a7 to promote f]tility 9 cattle & crops1 = food2 & 7#b7 to placate or w>d (f ,dea?2 & x seem$ v obvi\s--ev5 be=e any di/9ct figures ( gods1 or any idea ( pray]1 _h aris5--to atta9 ^! objects by magic ritual4 ,! rites ( ,baptism1 ( ,initiation 7or ,confirmation7 & ! _m c]emonies ( a ,second ,bir?1 :i* we associate ) fully-=m$ religions1 did belong also to ! age ( ,magic2 & !y all impli$ a belief 9 "s k9d ( re-inc>nation--9 a life go+ =w>d cont9ually & be+ r5ew$ 9 bir? aga9 & aga94 ,x is curi\s t we f9d su* a belief among ! l[e/ savages ev5 to-day4 ,dr4 ,fraz]1 speak+ ( ! ,c5tral ,au/ralian tribes1 says ! belief is firmly root$ among !m t ! human s\l und]goes an endless s]ies ( re-inc>nations--! liv+ m5 & wom5 ( "o g5]ation be+ no?+ b ! spirits ( _! ance/ors come to life aga91 & de/9$ !mselves to be reborn 9 ! p]sons ( _! desc5dants4 ,dur+ ! int]val betwe5 two re-inc>nations ! s\ls live 9 _! nanja spots1 or local totem-c5tres1 :i* are always natural objects su* z trees or rocks4 ,ea* totem-clan has a numb] ( su* totem-c5tres scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry4 ,!re ! s\ls ( ! dead m5 & wom5 ( ! totem1 b no o!rs1 congregate1 & are born aga9 9 human =m :5 a favorable opportunity pres5ts itself4 7#b7 7#a7 ,my?1 ,ritual & ,religion1 vol4 i1 p4 #aac4 7#b7 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 vol4 i1 p4 #if4 ,& :at ! e>ly p believ$ ( ! human _s1 !y believ$ ( ! corn-spirits & ! tree & vegetation spirits also4 ,at ! great ,spr+-ritual among ! primitive ,greeks ! tribe & ! gr[+ e>? 7 r5ovat$ toge!r3 ! e>? arises afre% f h] dead se$s1 ! tribe f its dead ance/ors4 ,& ! :ole process projects itself 9 ! idea ( a _s ( ! ye>1 :o 9 ! fir/ /age is liv+1 !n dies ) ea* ye>1 & ?irdly rises aga9 f ! dead1 rais+ ! :ole dead _w ) him4 ,! ,greeks call$ him 9 ?is /age ',! ,?ird ,"o' 7,tritos ,sot]7 or '! ,savi\r'2 & ! r5ovation c]emonies 7 accompani$ by a ca/+-(f ( ! old ye>1 ! old g>m5ts1 & ev]y?+ t is pollut$ by ! infection ( dea?4 7#a7 ,?us ! multiplication ( ! crops & ! r5ovation ( ! tribe1 & at ! same "t ! evasion & placation ( dea?1 7 all assur$ by simil> rites & befitt+ c]emonial magic4 7#b7 7#a7 ,gilb]t ,murray1 ,f\r ,/ages1 p4 #df4 7#b7 ,x is int]e/+ to f9d1 ) reg>d to ! r5ovation ( ! tribe1 t among ! ,c5tral ,au/ralians ! =esk9s or male memb]s ( ^? :o di$ 7 deposit$ 9 ! above-m5tion$ nanja spots--! idea evid5tly be+ t l ! se$s ( ! corn ! se$s ( ! human crop mu/ be c>efully & c]emonially pres]v$ = _! re-inc>nation4 ,9 all ^! cases1 & _m o!rs t ,i h n m5tion$--( ! magical wor%ip ( ,bulls & ,be>s & ,rams & ,cats & ,emus & ,kang>oos1 ( ,trees & ,snakes1 ( ,sun & ,moon & ,/>s1 & ! _s ( ! ,corn 9 its ye>ly & miracul\s resurrection out ( ! gr\nd--!re is /ill ! same idea or mov+ inspiration1 ! s5se m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+ *apt]1 ! feel+ 7h>dly yet consci\s ( its own mean+7 ( intimate relation%ip & unity ) all ?is out] _w1 ! in/9ctive conviction t ! _w c be sway$ by ! _s ( ,man1 if ! man c only f9d ! "r ritual1 ! "r ^w1 ! "r spell1 :]e) to move x4 ,an aura ( emotion surr\nd$ ev]y?+--( t]ror1 ( tabu1 ( fasc9ation1 ( desire4 ,! _w1 to ^! p1 0 transp>5t ) pres5ces relat$ to !mselves2 & ?\gh hung] & sex may h be5 ! dom9ant & ov]:elm+ly practical ne$s ( _! life1 yet _! outlook on ! _w 0 ess5tially poetic & imag9ative4 ,moreov] x w be se5 t 9 ?is age ( magic & ! belief 9 spirits1 ?\gh !re 0 an int5se s5se ( e ?+ be+ alive1 ! gods1 9 ! m mod]n s5se ( ! _w1 h>dly exi/$ 7#a7--t is1 !re 0 no v cle> vision1 to ^! p1 ( supra-mundane be+s1 sitt+ ap>t & orda9+ ! affairs ( e>?1 z x 7 f a di/ance4 ,d\btless ?is conception 0 sl[ly evolv+1 b x 0 only incipi5t4 ,= ! "t be+--?\gh !re might be ord]s & degrees ( spirits 7& ( gods7--e su* be+ 0 only conceiv$ (1 & c\ld only be conceiv$ (1 z actually a "p ( ,nature1 dwell+ 9 & int]lac$ ) "s ph5om5on ( ,e>? & ,sky1 & hav+ no sep>ate exi/5ce4 7#a7 ,= a discussion ( ! evolution ( ,,religion out ( ,,magic1 see ,we/]m>ck's ,orig9 ( ,moral ,ideas1 *4 #dg4 ,h[ 0 x !n1 x w be ask$1 t ! belief 9 sep>ate & sep>able gods & goddesses--ea* ) 8 or h] well-m>k$ outl9e & "* & function1 l ! div9ities ( ,greece1 or ( ,india1 or ( ! ,egyptian or ,*ri/ian religions1 ultimately arose8 ,to ?is "q ,jane ,h>rison 79 h] ,!mis & o!r books7 gives an +5i\s answ]1 :i* z x *imes 9 ) my own speculations 79 ! ,art ( ,creation & else:]e7 ,i am incl9$ to adopt4 ,x is t ! figures ( ! supranatural gods arose f a process 9 ! human m9d simil> to t :i* ! photograph] adopts :5 by photograph+ a numb] ( faces on ! same plate1 & s sup]pos+ _! images on "o ano!r1 he produces a s-call$ composite photograph or image4 ,?us1 9 ! photographic sph]e1 ! portraits ( a lot ( memb]s ( ! same family sup]pos$ ^u "o ano!r may produce a composite image or ideal ( t family type1 or ! portraits ( a numb] ( ,aztecs or ( a numb] ( ,apa*e ,indians ! ideals respectively ( ! ,aztec or ( ! ,apa*e types4 ,& s 9 ! m5tal sph]e ( ea* memb] ( a tribe ! _m images ( ! well-kn[n ,w>riors or ,prie/s or wise & graci\s ,wom5 ( t tribe did inevitably comb9e at la/ to composite figures ( gods & goddesses--on :om ! en?usiasm & adoration ( ! tribe 0 conc5trat$4 7#a7 ,miss ,h>rison has +5i\sly sugge/$ h[ ! lead+ figures 9 ! magic rituals ( ! pa/--be+ ! figures on :i* all eyes w\ld be conc5trat$2 & ^: importance w\ld be impr9t$ on e m9d--l5t !mselves to ?is process4 ,! suff]+ ,victim1 b\nd & sc\rg$ & crucifi$1 recurr+ ye> aft] ye> z ! c5tre-figure ( a ?\s& ritual processions1 w\ld at la/ be dramatiz$ & idealiz$ 9 ! great race-consci\sness into ! =m ( a ,suff]+ ,god--a ,jesus ,*ri/ or a ,dionysus or ,osiris--dismemb]$ or crucifi$ = ! salvation ( mank9d4 ,! ,prie/ or ,m$ic9e-,man--or r ! succession ( ,prie/s or ,m$ic9e-,m5--^: figures w\ld recur aga9 & aga9 z lead]s & orda9]s ( ! c]emonies1 w\ld be glorifi$ at la/ into ! composite-image ( a ,god 9 :om 7 conc5trat$ all magic p[]s4 ,rec5t rese>*es1 says ,gilb]t ,murray1 h %[n u 9 abundance ! e>ly ,greek m$ic9e-*iefs mak+ ?und] & lightn+ & ra94 ,"h is ! g]m ( a ,zeus or a ,jupit]4 ,! p>ticul> m$ic9e-man may fail2 t does n s mu* matt]2 he is only ! individual repres5tative ( ! glorifi$ & composite be+ :o exi/s 9 ! m9d ( ! tribe 7j z a pres5t-day ,k+ may be unwor?y1 b is surr\nd$ all ! same by ! agelong glam\r ( ,royalty74 ,! real gr qeos1 trem5d\s1 infallible1 is some:]e f> away1 hidd5 9 cl\ds p]haps1 on ! summit ( "s inaccessible m\nta94 ,if ! m\nta9 is once climb$ ! god w move to ! upp] sky4 ,! m$ic9e-*ief mean:ile /ays on e>?1 /ill influ5tial4 ,he has "s connection ) ! great god m intimate ?an t ( o!r m5444 he kn[s ! rules = approa*+ him & mak+ pray]s to him4 7#b7 ,?us did ! ,m$ic9e-man1 or ,prie/1 or ,magician 7= ^! are b ?ree names = "o figure7 repres5t "o /ep 9 ! evolution ( ! god4 7#a7 ,see ,! ,art ( ,creation1 *4 viii1 ,! ,gods z ,app>itions ( ! ,race-,life4 7#b7 ,! ,f\r ,/ages1 p4 #adj4 ,& f>!r back /ill 9 ! evolution>y process we may trace 7z 9 *apt] iv above7 ! div9ization or deification ( f\r-foot$ animals & birds & snakes & trees & ! l1 f ! p]sonification ( ! collective emotion ( ! tribe t[>ds ^! creatures4 ,= p ^: *ief food 0 be>-meat1 = in/ance1 ^: totem 0 a be>1 & :o believ$ !mselves desc5d$ f an urs9e ance/or1 !re w\ld gr[ up 9 ! tribal m9d an image surr\nd$ by a halo ( emotions--emotions ( hungry desire1 ( rev]5ce1 fe>1 gratitude & s =?--an image ( a div9e ,be> 9 :om !y liv$ & mov$ & _h _! be+4 ,= ano!r tribe or gr\p 9 ^: ye>ly ritual a ,bull or a ,lamb or a ,kang>oo play$ a lead+ "p !re w\ld 9 ! same way spr+ up ! image ( a holy bull1 a div9e lamb1 or a sacr$ kang>oo4 ,ano!r gr\p aga9 might come to wor%ip a ,s]p5t z its presid+ g5ius1 or a p>ticul> k9d ( ,tree1 simply because ^! objects 7 & _h be5 = c5turies prom95t factors 9 its ye>ly & seasonal ,magic4 ,z ,re9a* & o!rs sugge/1 x 0 ! ,taboo 7br$ by ,fe>7 :i* by fir/ =bidd+ contact ) ! totem-animal or prie/ or magician-*ief gradually inve/$ him ) ,awe & ,div9ity4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory ! god--! full-gr[n god 9 human %ape1 dwell+ ap>t & beyond ! e>?--did n come fir/1 b 0 a late & m f9i%$ product ( evolution4 ,he grew up by degrees & out ( ! prec$+ animal-wor%ips & totem-sy/ems4 ,& ?is !ory is mu* support$ & corroborat$ by ! fact t 9 a va/ numb] ( e>ly cults ! gods are repres5t$ by human figures ) animal heads4 ,! ,egyptian religion 0 full ( su* div9ities--! jackal-head$ ,anubis1 ! ram-head$ ,ammon1 ! bull-front$ ,osiris1 or ,mu?1 que5 ( d>kness1 clad 9 a vulture's sk92 ,m9os & ! ,m9otaur 9 ,crete2 9 ,greece1 ,a!na ) an owl's head1 or ,h]akles mask$ 9 ! hide & jaws ( a mon/r\s lion4 ,:at c\ld be m obvi\s ?an t1 foll[+ on ! tribal wor%ip ( any totem-animal1 ! prie/ or m$ic9e-man or actual k+ 9 lead+ ! magic ritual %\ld don ! sk9 & head ( t animal1 & we> ! same z a k9d ( mask--?is p>tly 9 ord] to appe> to ! p z ! true repres5tative ( ! totem1 & p>tly also 9 ord] to obta9 f ! sk9 ! magic virtues & mana ( ! bea/1 :i* he c\ld !n duly imp>t to ! cr[d8 ,zeus1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 we>s ! aegis1 or goat-sk9--said to be ! hide ( ! goat ,amal!ia :o suckl$ him 9 8 infancy2 !re are a numb] ( leg5ds :i* connect$ ! ,arcadian ,artemis ) ! wor%ip ( ! be>1 ,apollo ) ! wolf1 & s =?4 ,&1 mo/ curi\s z %[+ simil>ity ( rites betwe5 ! ,old & ,new ,worlds1 !re are f\nd pl5ty ( examples ( ! we>+ ( bea/-masks 9 religi\s processions among ! native tribes ( bo? ,nor? & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,9 ! ,atlas ( ,spix & ,m>tius 7:o travell$ toge!r 9 ! ,amazonian =e/s ab\t #ahbj7 !re is an und]/&+ & *>act]i/ic picture ( ! m5 7& "s wom57 ( ! tribe ( ! ,tecunas mov+ 9 procession ?r\gh ! woods mo/ly nak$1 except = we>+ animal heads & masks--! masks repres5t+ ,cranes ( v>i\s k9ds1 ,ducks1 ! ,opossum1 ! ,jagu>1 ! ,p>rot1 etc41 probably symbolic ( _! respective clans4 ,by "s su* process z ?is1 x may fairly be suppos$1 ! =ms ( ! ,gods 7 sl[ly exhal$ f ! actual figures ( m5 & wom51 ( y\?s & girls1 :o ye> aft] ye> took "p 9 ! anci5t rituals4 ,j z ! ,que5 ( ! ,may or ,fa!r ,*ri/mas ) u are idealiz$ =ms d]iv$ f ! _m happy maid5s or :ite-be>d$ old m5 :o took lead+ p>ts 9 ! ,may or ,decemb] mumm+s & ?us ga9$ _! apo!osis 9 our lit]ature & tradition--s d\btless ,zeus ) 8 ?und]bolts & arr[s ( lightn+ is ! idealization into ,heav5 ( ! ,prie/ly ra9-mak] & /orm-controll]2 ,ares ! god ( ,w>1 ! simil> idealization ( ! lead+ w>rior 9 ! ritual w>-dance prec$+ an attack on a neighbor+ tribe2 & ,m]cury ( ! foot-runn+ ,mess5g] ^: swiftness 9 ^? days 7devoid ( /eam or electricity7 0 s preci\s a tribal possession4 ,& "h x mu/ be rememb]$ t ?is explanation ( ! g5esis ( ! gods only applies to ! ,,%apes & ,,figures ( ! v>i\s deities4 ,x does n apply to ! g5esis ( ! widespread belief 9 spirits or a ,great ,_s g5]ally2 t1 z ,i ?9k w become cle>1 has q ano!r s\rce4 ,"s p h je]$ at ! 'animi/ic' or 'an?ropomorphic' t5d5cy ( primitive man 9 8 contemplation ( ! =ces ( ,nature or 8 imag9ations ( religion & ! gods4 ,) a k9d ( sup]ior pity !y speak ( ! poor ,indian ^: untutor$ m9d sees ,god 9 cl\ds & he>s him 9 ! w9d4 ,b ,i mu/ confess t to me ! poor ,indian seems on ! :ole to %[ m good s5se ?an 8 critics1 & to h aim$ 8 rude arr[s at ! philosophic m>k m successfully ?an a va/ numb] ( 8 le>n$ & sci5tific successors4 ,a consid]ation ( :at we h said above w\ld %[ t e>ly p felt _! unity ) ,nature s deeply & intimately t--l ! animals !mselves--!y did n ?9k consci\sly or !orize ab\t x4 ,x 0 j _! life to be--l ! bea/s ( ! field & ! trees ( ! =e/--a "p ( ! :ole flux ( ?+s1 non-diff]5tiat$ s to speak4 ,:at m natural or inde$ m logically correct ?an = !m to assume 7:5 !y fir/ began to ?9k or diff]5tiate !mselves7 t ^! o!r creatures1 ^! birds1 bea/s & plants1 & ev5 ! sun & moon1 7 ( ! same blood z !mselves1 _! fir/ c\s9s1 s to speak1 & hav+ ! same int]ior nature8 ,:at m reasonable 7if inde$ !y cr$it$ ,,!mselves ) hav+ "s k9d ( s\l or _s7 ?an to cr$it ^! o!r creatures ) a simil> s\l or _s8 ,im ,?urn1 speak+ ( ! ,guiana ,indians1 says t = !m ! :ole _w sw>ms ) be+s4 ,surely ?is c\ld n be tak5 to indicate an untutor$ m9d--unless inde$ a m9d untutor$ 9 ! nons5se ( ! ,s*ools--b r a v directly p]ceptive m9d4 ,& aga9 :at m reasonable 7see+ t ^! p !mselves 7 9 ! animal /age ( evolution7 ?an t !y %\ld pay great rev]5ce to "s ideal animal--fir/ c\s9 or ance/or--:o play$ an important "p 9 _! tribal exi/5ce1 & make ( ?is animal a totem emblem & a symbol ( _! common life8 ,&1 fur!r /ill1 :at m natural ?an t :5 ! tribe pass$ to "s degree beyond ! animal /age & began to realize a life m intellig5t & emotional--m specially human 9 fact--?an t ( ! bea/s ( ! field1 t x %\ld !n 9 its rituals & c]emonies ?r[ (f ! bea/-mask & pay rev]5ce to ! int]ior & m human _s4 ,ris+ to a m enlight5$ consci\sness ( its own intimate quality1 & /ill deeply p5etrat$ ) ! s5se ( its k9%ip to ext]nal nature1 x w\ld inevitably & p]fectly logically cr$it ! latt] ) an inn] life & intellig5ce1 m di/9ctly human ?an be=e4 ,its religion 9 fact w\ld become ,,m 'an?ropomorphic' in/ead ( less s2 & "o sees t ?is is a process t is inevitable2 & inevitable not)/&+ a c]ta9 p>5!sis 9 ! process1 due to obvi\s elem5ts 9 our ',civilization' & to ! tempor>y & fallaci\s dom9ation ( a lead5-ey$ s-call$ ',sci5ce4' ,accord+ to ?is view ! true evolution ( ,religion & ,man's outlook on ! _w has proce$$ n by ! d5ial by man ( 8 unity ) ! _w1 b by 8 see+ & und]/&+ t unity m deeply4 ,& ! m deeply he und]/&s himself ! m c]ta9ly he w recognize 9 ! ext]nal _w a ,be+ or be+s resembl+ himself4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hudson--^: m9d is c]ta9ly n ( a quality to be je]$ at--speaks ( ,animism z ! projection ( ourselves into nature3 ! s5se & appreh5sion ( an intellig5ce l our own1 b m p[]ful1 9 all visible ?+s2 & cont9ues1 old z ,i am ?is same primitive faculty :i* manife/$ itself 9 my e>ly boyhood1 /ill p]si/s1 & 9 ^? e>ly ye>s 0 s p[]ful t ,i am almo/ afraid to say h[ deeply ,i 0 mov$ by x4 7#a7 ,nor w x be q =gott5 t ,%elley once said3-- ,! moveless pill> ( a m\nta9's weight ,is active liv+ _s4 ,e gra9 ,is s5ti5t bo? 9 unity & "p1 ,& ! m9ute/ atom compreh5ds ,a _w ( loves & hatr$s4 7#a7 ,f> ,away & ,long ,ago1 *4 xiii1 p4 #bbe4 ,! t5d5cy to animism & lat] to an?ropomorphism is ,i say inevitable1 & p]fectly logical4 ,b ! great value ( ! "w done by "s ( ^? inve/igators :om ,i h quot$ has be5 to %[ t among q primitive p 7^: int]ior life & 's\l-s5se' 0 only v feeble7 _! projections ( intellig5ce into ,nature 7 correspond+ly feeble4 ,! reflections ( !mselves project$ into ! _w beyond c\ld n rea* ! /ature ( et]nal 'gods1' b 7 r ( ! quality ( ephem]al phantoms & gho/s2 & ! c]emonials & cre$s ( t p]iod are consequ5tly m prop]ly describ$ z ,magic ?an z ,religion4 ,!re h inde$ be5 great controv]sies z to :e!r !re has or has n be51 9 ! c\rse ( religi\s evolution1 a pre-animi/ic /age4 ,probably ( c\rse human evolution 9 ?is matt] mu/ h be5 p]fectly cont9u\s f /ages pres5t+ ! v feeble/ or an absolutely defici5t animi/ic s5se to ! v highe/ manife/ations ( an?ropomorphism2 b z !re is a good deal ( evid5ce to %[ t animals 7notably dogs & horses7 see gho/s1 ! inquiry ought c]ta9ly to be enl>g$ s f> z to include ! pre-human species4 ,anyh[ x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! "q is "o ( consci\sness--t is1 ( h[ f> & to :at degree consci\sness ( self has be5 develop$ 9 ! animal or ! primitive man or ! civiliz$ man1 & !re=e h[ f> & to :at degree ! animal or human creature has cr$it$ ! outside _w ) a simil> consci\sness4 ,x is n a "q ( :e!r !re is an inn] life & sub-consci\sness common to all ^! creatures ( ! e>? & sky1 because t1 ,i take x1 is a fact beyond "q2 !y all em]ge or h em]g$ f ! same matrix1 & are root$ 9 id5tity2 b x is a "q ( h[ f> !y are aw>e ( ?is1 & h[ f> by sep>ation 7:i* is ! g5ius ( evolution7 ea* individual creature has become consci\s ( ! int]ior nature bo? ( itself & ( ! o!r creatures & ( ! great :ole :i* includes !m all4 ,f9ally1 & to avoid misund]/&+1 let me say t ,an?ropomorphism1 9 man's conception ( ! gods1 is itself ( c\rse only a /age & de/9$ to pass away4 ,9 s f>1 t is1 z ! t]m indicates a belief 9 div9e be+s correspond+ to our ,,pres5t conception ( ourselves--t is z sep>ate p]sonalities hav+ ea* a sep>ate & limit$ "* & function1 & animat$ by ! sep>ati/ motives ( ambition1 possession1 p[]1 va+lory1 sup]iority1 patronage1 self-gre$1 self-satisfaction1 etc4--9 s f> z an?ropomorphism is ! expression ( t k9d ( belief x is ( c\rse de/9$1 ) ! illusion f :i* x spr+s1 to pass away4 ,:5 man arrives at ! f9al consci\sness 9 :i* ! idea ( su* a self1 sup]ior or inf]ior or 9 any way antagoni/ic to o!rs1 ceases to op]ate1 !n he w return to 8 fir/ & primal condition1 & w cease to ne$ ,,any special religion or gods1 kn[+ himself & all 8 fell[s to be div9e & ! orig9 & p]fect fruition ( all4 ,,vii4 ,,rites ,,( ,,expiation ,,& ,,r$emption ,!re is a passage 9 ,ri*>d ,jeff]ies' imp]i%ably beautiful book ,! ,/ory ( my ,he>t--a passage well kn[n to all lov]s ( t prose-poet--9 :i* he figures himself /&+ 9 front ( ! ,royal ,ex*ange :]e ! wide pavem5t rea*es out l a promontory1 & pond]+ on ! va/ cr[d & ! my/]y ( life4 ,is !re any !ory1 philosophy1 or cre$1 he says1 is !re any sy/em ( culture1 any =mulat$ me?od1 able to meet & satisfy ea* sep>ate item ( ?is agitat$ pool ( human life8 ,by :i* !y may be guid$1 by :i* !y may hope1 by :i* look =w>d8 ,n a m]e illusion ( ! crav+ he>t--some?+ real1 z real z ! solid walls ( fact aga9/ :i*1 l seawe$1 !y are da%$2 some?+ to give ea* sep>ate p]sonality sun%9e & a fl[] 9 its own exi/5ce n[2 some?+ to %ape ?is million-h&$ labor to an end & outcome t w leave m sun%9e & m fl[]s to ^? :o mu/ succe$8 ,some?+ real n[1 & n 9 ! _s-l&2 9 ?is h\r n[1 z ,i /& & ! sun burns4444 ,full well aw>e t all has fail$1 yet1 side by side ) ! sadness ( t k1 !re lives on 9 me an unqu5*able belief1 ?\ght burn+ l ! sun1 t !re is yet some?+ to be f\nd4444 ,x mu/ be dragg$ =? by ! might ( ?\ght f ! imm5se =ces ( ! univ]se4 ,9 answ] to ?is passage we may say ,no1--a ?\s& times ,no6 !re is no !ory1 philosophy1 cre$1 sy/em or =mulat$ me?od :i* w meet or ev] satisfy ! dem& ( ea* sep>ate item ( ! human :irlpool4 ,& happy are we to "k !re is no su* ?+6 ,h[ t]rible if "o ( ^! bloodless 'sy/ems' :i* /rew ! hi/ory ( religion & philosophy & ! political & social pa?s ( human endeavor ,,_h be5 f\nd absolutely correct & univ]sally applicable--s t e human be+ w\ld be compell$ to pass ?r\gh its ma*9e-l maw1 e p]sonality to be cru%$ "u its ,jugg]na? :eels6 ,no1 ?ank ,heav56 !re is no !ory or cre$ or sy/em2 & yet !re is some?+--z ,jeff]ies prophetically felt & ) a great long+ desir$--t ,,c satisfy2 & t1 ! root ( all religion1 has be5 h9t$ at 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,x is ! ,,consci\sness ( ! _w-life burn+1 blaz+1 deep d[n )9 u3 x is ! ,s\l's intuition ( its roots 9 ,omnipres5ce & ,et]nity4 ,! gods & ! cre$s ( ! pa/1 z %[n 9 ! la/ *apt]--:atev] !y may h be51 animi/ic or an?ropomorphic or transc5d5tal1 :e!r grossly bruti% or s]5ely ideal & ab/ract--are ess5tially projections ( ! human m9d2 & no d\bt ^? :o are anxi\s to discr$it ! religi\s impulse g5]ally w cat* at ?is1 say+ ,yes1 !y are m]e =ms & phantoms ( ! m9d1 ephem]al dreams1 project$ on ! backgr\nd ( ,nature1 & hav+ no real sub/ance or solid value4 ,! hi/ory ( ,religion 7!y w say7 is a hi/ory ( delusion & illusion2 :y wa/e "t ov] x8 ,^! div9e grizzly ,be>s or ,aesculapian ,snakes1 ^! cat-fac$ ,pa%ts1 ?is ,isis1 que5 ( heav51 & ,a/>te & ,baal & ,indra & ,agni & ,kali & ,demet] & ! ,virg9 ,m>y & ,apollo & ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,satan & ! ,holy ,gho/1 are only %ad[s ca/ outw>ds onto a scre52 ! con/itution ( ! human m9d makes !m all t5d to be an?ropomorphic2 b t is all2 !y ea* & all inevitably pass away4 ,:y wa/e "t ov] !m8 ,& ?is is 9 a s5se a p]fectly fair way ( look+ at ! matt]4 ,^! gods & cre$s ,,are only projections ( ! human m9d4 ,b all ! same x misses1 does ?is view1 ! ess5tial fact4 ,x misses ! fact t !re is no %ad[ )\t a fire1 t ! v exi/5ce ( a %ad[ argues a light some:]e 7?\gh we may n directly see x7 z well z ! exi/5ce ( a solid =m :i* int]cepts t light4 ,deep1 deep 9 ! human m9d !re is t burn+ blaz+ light ( ! _w-consci\sness--s deep inde$ t ! va/ majority ( individuals are h>dly aw>e ( its exi/5ce4 ,_! gaze turn$ outw>ds is held & rivet$ by ! gigantic figures & processions pass+ across _! sky2 !y are unaw>e t ! latt] are only %ad[s--silh\ettes ( ! =ms inhabit+ _! own m9ds4 7#a7 ,! va/ majority ( p h nev] obs]v$ _! own m9ds2 _! own m5tal =ms4 ,!y h only obs]v$ ! reflections ca/ by ^!4 ,?us x may be said1 9 ?is matt]1 t !re are ?ree degrees ( reality4 ,!re are ! m]e %ad[s--! lea/ real & mo/ evanesc5t2 !re are ! actual m5tal outl9es ( humanity 7& ( ! individual71 mu* m real1 b !mselves also ( c\rse sl[ly *ang+2 & mo/ real ( all1 & p]man5t1 !re is ! light :i* lighte? e man t come? into ! _w--! glori\s light ( ! _w-consci\sness4 ,( ?is la/ x may be said t x nev] *anges4 ,e ?+ is kn[n to x--ev5 ! v ,,imp$im5ts to its %9+4 ,b z x is f ! imp$im5ts to ! %9+ ( a light t %ad[s are ca/1 s we n[ may und]/& t ! ?+s ( ?is _w & ( humanity1 ?\gh real 9 _! degree1 h *iefly a k9d ( negative value2 !y are opaqu5esses1 cl\ds1 mat]ialisms1 ignorances1 & ! inn] light fall+ ^u !m gradually reveals _! negative "* & gradually dissolves !m away till !y are lo/ 9 ! extreme & et]nal ,spl5dor4 ,i ?9k ,jeff]ies1 :5 he ask$ t "q ) :i* ,i h begun ?is *apt]1 0 9 "s s5se subconsci\sly1 if n q consci\sly1 aw>e ( ! answ]4 ,8 frequ5t ref]5ces to ! burn+ blaz+ sun ?r\gh\t ,! ,/ory ( ! ,he>t seem to be an indication ( 8 real deep-d[n attitude ( m9d4 7#a7 ,see1 9 ! same connection1 ,plato's allegory ( ! ,cave1 ,republic1 ,book vii4 ,! %ad[-figures ( ! cre$s & !ogonies pass away truly l ephem]al dreams2 b to say t "t sp5t 9 _! /udy is wa/$1 is a mi/ake1 = !y h value z be+ indications ( ?+s mu* m real ?an !mselves1 namely1 ( ! /ages ( evolution ( ! human m9d4 ,! fact t a c]ta9 god-figure1 h[ev] grotesque & que]1 or a c]ta9 cre$1 h[ev] *ildi%1 cruel1 & illogical1 held sway = a consid]able "t ov] ! he>ts ( m5 9 any corn] or cont95t ( ! _w is good evid5ce t x repres5t$ a real =mative urge at ! "t 9 ! he>ts ( ^? good p1 & a def9ite /age 9 _! evolution & ! evolution ( humanity4 ,c]ta9ly x 0 de/9$ to pass away1 b x 0 a /ep1 & a necess>y /ep 9 ! great process2 & c]ta9ly x 0 opaque & bruti%1 b x is ?r\gh ! opaque ?+s ( ! _w1 & n ?r\gh ! transp>5t1 t we become aw>e ( ! light4 ,x may be wor? :ile to give in/ances ( h[ "s e>ly rituals & cre$s1 9 !mselves app>5tly b>b>\s or prepo/]\s1 7 really ! indications ( important moral & social conceptions evolv+ 9 ! he>t ( man4 ,let u take1 fir/1 ! religi\s cu/oms connect$ ) ! ideas ( ,sacrifice & ( ,s91 ( :i* su* innum]able examples are n[ to be f\nd 9 ! mod]n books on ,an?ropology4 ,if we assume1 z ,i h done m ?an once1 t ! e>lie/ /ate ( ,man 0 "o 9 :i* he did n consci\sly sep>ate himself f ! _w1 animate & inanimate1 :i* surr\nd$ him1 !n 7z ,i h also said7 x 0 p]fectly natural = him to take "s animal :i* bulk$ l>ge on 8 horizon--"s food-animal = in/ance--& to pay respect to x z ! b5efactor ( 8 tribe1 its f>-back ance/or & totem-symbol2 or1 see+ ! b\ndless bless+ ( ! cornfields1 to believe 9 "s k9d ( _s ( ! corn 7n exactly a god b r a magical gho/7 :i*1 re9c>nat$ e ye>1 sprang up to save mank9d f fam9e4 ,b !n no soon] _h he done ?is ?an he 0 b\nd to p]ceive t 9 cutt+ d[n ! corn or 9 eat+ 8 totem-be> or kang>oo he 0 slay+ 8 own be/ self & b5efactor4 ,9 t in/ant ! consci\sness ( ,,disunity1 ! s5se ( s9 9 "s undef9$ yet no less di/urb+ & al>m+ =m w\ld come 94 ,if1 be=e1 8 ritual magic _h be5 conc5trat$ on ! simple purpose ( multiply+ ! animal or1 vegetable =ms ( 8 food1 n[ 9 addition 8 magical endeavor w\ld be turn$ to av]t+ ! j wra? ( ! spirits :o animat$ ^! =ms--j inde$1 = ! rude/ savage w\ld p]ceive ! wrong done & ! probability ( its retribution4 ,cle>ly ! wrong done c\ld only be expiat$ by an equival5t sacrifice ( "s k9d on ! "p ( ! man1 or ! tribe--t is by ! (f]+ to ! totem-animal or to ! corn-_s ( "s victim :om ^! nature p[]s 9 _! turn c\ld fe$ ^u & assimilate4 ,9 ?is way ! nature-p[]s w\ld be appeas$1 ! s5se ( unity w\ld be re/or$1 & ! fir/ ,at-"o-m5t effect$4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to recite 9 any detail ! cruel & hide\s sacrifices :i* h be5 p]petrat$ 9 ?is s5se all ov] ! _w1 sometimes 9 appeasem5t ( a wrong committ$ or suppos$ to h be5 committ$ by ! tribe or "s memb] ( x1 sometimes 9 placation or = ! av]t+ ( dea?1 or defeat1 or plague1 sometimes m]ely 9 fulfilm5t ( "s long-/&+ cu/om ( =gott5 orig9--! flay+s & flogg+s & burn+s & crucifixions ( victims )\t end1 c>ri$ out 9 all delib]ation & solemnity ( e/abli%$ ritual4 ,i h m5tion$ "s cases connect$ ) ! s[+ ( ! corn4 ,! ,bible is full ( su* ?+s1 f ! int5d$ sacrifice ( ,isaac by 8 fa!r ,abraham1 to ! actual crucifixion ( ,jesus by ! ,jews4 ,! fir/-born sons 7 claim$ by a god :o call$ himself jeal\s & 7 only to be r$eem$ by a sub/itute4 7#a7 ,( ! ,canaanites x 0 said t ev5 _! daught]s !y h ,,burnt 9 ! fire to _! gods2 7#b7 & ( ! ,k+ ( ,moab1 t :5 he saw 8 army 9 dang] ( defeat1 he took 8 elde/ son t %\ld h reign$ 9 8 /ead & (f]$ him = a burnt-(f]+ on ! wall6 7#c7 ,dr4 ,fraz] 7#d7 m5tions ! simil> case ( ! ,c>?ag9ians 7ab\t ,b4,c4 #cjj7 sacrific+ two hundr$ *ildr5 ( good family z a propitiation to ,baal & to save _! belov$ city f ! assaults ( ! ,sicilian tyrant ,aga?ocles4 ,& ev5 s we he> t on t occasion ?ree hundr$ m "y folk ,,volunte]$ to die = ! fa!rl&4 7#a7 ,exodus xxxiv4 #bj4 7#b7 ,deut4 xii4 #ca4 7#c7 #b ,k+s iii4 #bg4 7#d7 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 vol4 ,! ,dy+ ,god1 p4 #afg4 ,! awful sacrifices made by ! ,aztecs 9 ,mexico to _! gods ,huitzilopo*tli1 ,texcatlipoca1 & o!rs are describ$ 9 mu* detail by ,sahagun1 ! ,spani% mission>y ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! victims 7 mo/ly prison]s ( w> or "y *ildr52 !y 7 numb]$ by ?\s&s4 ,9 "o case ,sahagun describes ! huge ,idol or figure ( ! god z l>gely plat$ ) gold & hold+ 8 h&s palm upw>d & 9 a d[nw>d slop+ position ov] a cauldron or furnace plac$ bel[4 ,! *ildr51 :o _h previ\sly be5 borne 9 triumphal /ate on litt]s ov] ! cr[d & decorat$ ) e ornam5tal device ( fea!rs & fl[]s & w+s1 7 plac$ "o by "o on ! va/ h&s & ,,roll$ ,,d[n into ! flames--z if ! god 7 himself (f]+ !m4 7#a7 ,z ! procession approa*$ ! temple1 ! memb]s ( x wept & danc$ & sang1 & "h aga9 ! abundance ( te>s 0 tak5 = a good augury ( ra94 7#b7 7#a7 ,x is curi\s to f9d t exactly ! same /ory 7( ! slop+ h&s & ! *ildr5 roll$ d[n into ! flames7 is relat$ conc]n+ ! above-m5tion$ ,baal image at ,c>?age 7see ,diodorus ,siculus1 xx4 #ad2 also ,b>+ ,g\ld's ,religi\s ,belief1 vol4 i1 p4 #cge74 7#b7 ,a los n9os que mataban1 componianlos en mu*os atavios p>a llev>los al sacrificio1 y llevabos en unas lit]as sobre los hombros1 e/as lit]as iban adornadas con plumages y con flores3 iban tan5do1 cant&o y bail&o delante de ellos444 ,cu&o ,ileviban los n9os a mat>1 si llevaban y e*aban mu*os lagrimas1 alegrabansi los que los llevaban porque tomaban prono/ico de que habian de t5] mu*as aguas en aquel ano4 ,sahagun1 ,hi/oria ,nueva ,espana1 ,bk4 ,,ii1 *4 i4 ,b]nal ,diaz describes h[ he saw "o ( ^! mon/r\s figures--t ( ,huitzilopo*tli1 ! god ( w>1 all inlaid ) gold & preci\s /ones2 & beside x 7 brazi]s1 :]e9 burn$ ! he>ts ( ?ree ,indians1 torn f _! bodies t v day1 & ! smoke ( !m & ! savor ( inc5se 7 ! sacrifice4 ,sahagun aga9 79 ,book ,,ii1 *4 #e7 gives a long acc\nt ( ! sacrifice ( a p]fect y\? at ,ea/]-"t--:i* date ,sahagun connects ) ! ,*ri/ian fe/ival ( ! ,resurrection4 ,= a :ole ye> ! y\? _h be5 held 9 honor & ador$ by ! p z ! v image ( ! god 7,tetzcatlipoca7 to :om he 0 to be sacrific$4 ,e luxury & fulfilm5t ( 8 la/ wi% 7includ+ su* f\r c\rtesans z he desir$7 _h be5 grant$ him4 ,at ! la/ & on ! fatal day1 leav+ 8 companions & 8 wor%ip]s beh9d1 be sl[ly asc5d$ ! ,temple /aircase2 /ripp+ on ea* /ep ! ornam5ts f 8 body2 & break+ & ca/+ away 8 flutes & o!r musical in/rum5ts2 till1 rea*+ ! summit1 he 0 /ret*$1 curv$ on 8 back1 & belly upw>ds1 ov] ! alt> /one1 :ile ! prie/ ) obsidian knife cut 8 brea/ op5 &1 snat*+ ! he>t out1 held x up1 yet beat+1 z an (f]+ to ! ,sun4 ,9 ! meantime1 & :ile ! he>t /ill liv$1 8 successor = ! next ye> 0 *os54 ,9 ,book ,,ii1 *4 #g ( ! same "w ,sahagun describes ! simil> (f]+ ( a woman to a goddess4 ,9 bo? cases 7he expla9s7 ( "y man or "y woman1 ! victims 7 ri*ly adorn$ 9 ! guise ( ! god or goddess to :om !y 7 (f]$1 & at ! same "t great l>gesse ( food 0 di/ribut$ to all :o ne$$4 7,"h we see ! connection 9 ! g5]al m9d betwe5 ! gift ( food 7by ! gods7 & ! sacrifice ( preci\s blood 7by ! p747 ,m ?an once ,sahagun m5tions t ! victims 9 ^! ,mexican c]emonials n infrequ5tly (f]$ ,,!mselves z a volunt>y sacrifice2 & ,prescott says 7#a7 t ! (f]+ ( "o's life to ! gods 0 sometimes volunt>ily embrac$1 z a mo/ glori\s dea? op5+ a sure passage into ,p>adise4 7#a7 ,conque/ ( ,mexico1 ,bk4 ,i1 *4 #c4 ,dr4 ,fraz] describes 7#a7 ! f>-back ,babylonian fe/ival ( ! ,sacaea 9 :i* a prison]1 condemn$ to dea?1 0 dress$ 9 ! k+'s robes1 seat$ on ! k+'s ?rone1 all[$ to issue :atev] comm&s he pleas$1 to eat1 dr9k & enjoy himself1 & ev5 to lie ) ! k+'s concub9es4 ,b at ! end ( ! five days he 0 /ripp$ ( 8 royal robes1 sc\rg$1 & hang$ or impal$4 ,x is c]ta9ly a/oni%+ to f9d cu/oms s simil> prevail+ among peoples s f> remov$ 9 space & "t z ! ,aztecs ( ! sixte5? c5tury ,a4,d4 & ! ,babylonians p]haps ( ! sixte5? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,b we "k t ?is subject ( ! ye>ly sacrifice ( a victim attir$ z a k+ or god is "o t ,dr4 ,fraz] has especially made 8 own1 & = fur!r in=mation on x 8 classic "w %\ld be consult$4 7#a7 ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,! ,dy+ ,god1 p4 #aad4 7,see also ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,cults1 ,my?s & ,religion1 p4 #id7 on ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,dasius4 ,&rew ,lang also1 ) reg>d to ! ,aztecs1 quotes l>gely f ,sahagun1 & summ>izes 8 conclusions 9 ! foll[+ passage3 ,! g5]al !ory ( wor%ip 0 ! adoration ( a deity1 fir/ by innum]able human sacrifices1 next by ! special sacrifice ( a ,,man = ! male gods1 ( a ,,woman = ea* goddess4 7#a7 ,! latt] victims 7 reg>d$ z ! liv+ images or inc>nations ( ! div9ities 91 ea* case2 = no sy/em ( wor%ip c>ri$ f>!r ! id5tification ( ! god ) ! sacrifice 78 victim71 & ( bo? ) ! (ficiat+ prie/4 ,! connection 0 emphasiz$ by ! prie/s we>+ ! newly-flay$ sk9s ( ! victims--j z 9 ,greece1 ,egypt & ,assyria1 ! fawn-sk9 or bull-hide or goat-sk9 or fi%-sk9 ( ! victims is worn by ! celebrants4 ,f9ally1 an image ( ! god 0 made out ( pa/e1 & ?is 0 divid$ into morsels & eat5 9 a hide\s sacram5t by ^? :o communicat$4 7#b7 7#a7 ,comp>e ! fe/ival ( ,?>gelia at ,a!ns1 orig9ally connect$ ) ! rip5+ ( ! crops4 ,a procession 0 =m$ & ! fir/ fruits ( ! ye> (f]$ to ,apollo1 ,artemis & ! ,horae4 ,x 0 an expiatory fea/1 to purify ! ,/ate f all guilt & av]t ! wra? ( ! god 7! ,sun74 ,a man & a woman1 z repres5t+ ! male & female population1 7 l$ ab\t ) a g>l& ( figs 7f]tility7 r\nd _! necks1 to ! s\nd ( flutes & s++4 ,!y 7 !n sc\rg$1 sacrific$1 & _! bodies burn$ by ! sea%ore4 7,nettle%ip & ,s&ys47 7#b7 ,a ,lang1 ,my?1 ,ritual & ,religion1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ig4 ,revolt+ z ?is :ole picture is1 x repres5ts z we "k a m]e ?umbnail sket* ( ! awful practices ( human sacrifice all ov] ! _w4 ,we hold up our h&s 9 horror at ! ?\ght ( ,huitzilopo*tli dropp+ *ildr5 f 8 f+]s into ! flames1 b we h to rememb] t our own mo/ ,*ri/ian ,sa9t ,augu/9e 0 cont5t to describe unbaptiz$ infants z crawl+ = ev] ab\t ! floor ( ,hell6 ,:at sort ( god1 we may ask1 did ,augu/9e wor%ip8 ,! ,be+ :o c\ld condemn *ildr5 to su* a fate 0 c]ta9ly no bett] ?an ! ,mexican ,idol4 ,& yet ,augu/9e 0 a great & noble man1 ) "s by no means unwor?y conceptions ( ! greatness ( 8 ,god4 ,9 ! same way ! ,aztecs 7 9 _m respects a ref9$ & arti/ic p1 & _! religion 0 n all sup]/ition & blood%$4 ,prescott says ( !m 7#a7 t !y believ$ 9 a supreme ,creator & ,"l omnipres5t1 kn[+ all ?\ghts1 giv+ all gifts1 )\t :om ,man is z no?+--invisible1 incorporeal1 "o ,god1 ( p]fect p]fection & purity1 "u ^: w+s we f9d repose & a sure def5ce4 ,h[ c we reconcile ,/4 ,augu/9e ) 8 own devili% cre$1 or ! religi\s belief ( ! ,aztecs ) _! unspeakable cruelties8 ,p]haps we c only reconcile !m by rememb]+ out ( :at deeps ( b>b>ism & :at nightm>es ( haunt+ ,fe>1 man has sl[ly em]g$--& is ev5 n[ only sl[ly em]g+2 by rememb]+ also t ! anci5t c]emonies & rituals ( ,magic & ,fe> rema9$ on & 7 cultivat$ by ! multitude 9 ea* nation long aft] ! bold] & nobl] spirits _h atta9$ to brea! a pur] air2 by rememb]+ t ev5 to ! pres5t day 9 ea* individual ! ,old & ! ,new are = a long p]iod ?us intricately int]tangl$4 ,x is h>d to believe t ! practice ( human & animal sacrifice 7) :atev] revolt+ details7 %\ld h be5 cultivat$ by n9e-t5?s ( ! human race ov] ! globe out ( %e] p]v]sity & )\t "s reason :i* at any rate to ! p]petrators !mselves appe>$ comm&+ & conv9c+4 ,to-day 7#aiah7 we are witness+ 9 ! ,great ,european ,w> a c>nival ( human slaught] :i* 9 magnitude & b>b>ity eclipses 9 "o /roke all ! accumulat$ c]emonial sacrifices ( hi/orical ages2 & :5 we ask ! :y & :]e=e ( ?is horrid spectacle we are told1 app>5tly 9 all s9c]ity1 & by bo? ! p>ties engag$1 ( ! noble objects & comm&+ moralities :i* inspire & compel x4 ,we c h>dly1 9 ?is la/ case1 disbelieve altoge!r 9 ! g5u95ess ( ! plea1 s :y %\ld we d s 9 ! =m] case8 ,9 bo? cases we p]ceive t und]nea? ! surface pretexts & moralities ,fe> is & 0 ! great urg+ & comm&+ =ce4 7#a7 ,conque/ ( ,mexico1 ,bk4 ,i1 *4 #c4 ,! tru? is t ,s9 & ,sacrifice repres5t--if y once all[ = ! ov]:elm+ sway ( fe>--p]fectly reasonable views ( human conduct1 adopt$ in/9ctively by mank9d s9ce ! e>lie/ times4 ,if 9 a mom5t ( dang] or an access ( selfi% gre$ y des]t$ y\r bro!r tribesman or took a mean advantage ( him1 y 's9n$' aga9/ him2 & naturally y expiat$ ! s9 by an equival5t sacrifice ( "s k9d made to ! "o y _h wrong$4 ,su* an idea & su* a practice 7 ! v f\ndation ( social life & human morality1 & mu/ h sprung up z soon z ev]1 9 ! c\rse ( evolution1 man became ,,capable ( diff]5tiat+ himself f 8 fell[s & reg>d+ 8 own conduct z t ( a 'sep>ate self4' ,x 0 9 ! v conception ( a sep>ate self t 's9' & disunity fir/ began2 & x 0 by 'sacrifice' t unity & h>mony 7 re/or$1 appeasem5t & atonem5t effect$4 ,b 9 ^? e>lie/ times1 z ,i h already indicat$ m ?an once1 man felt himself intimately relat$ n only to 8 bro!r tribesman1 b to ! animals & to g5]al ,nature4 ,x 0 n s mu* t he ,,?\ght ?us z t he nev] ?\ght ,,o!rwise6 ,he ,,felt subconsci\sly t he 0 a "p ( all ?is out] _w4 ,& s he adopt$ = 8 totems or presid+ spirits e possible animal1 z we h se51 & all sorts ( nature-ph5om5a1 su* z ra9 & fire & wat] & cl\ds1 & sun1 moon & />s--:i* ,,we consid] q s5seless & inanimate4 ,t[>ds ^! app>5tly s5seless ?+s !re=e he felt ! same compunction z ,i h describ$ him feel+ t[>ds 8 bro!r tribesm54 ,he c\ld s9 aga9/ !m too4 ,he c\ld s9 aga9/ 8 totem-animal by eat+ x2 he c\ld s9 aga9/ 8 'bro!r ! ox' by consum+ its /r5g? 9 ! labor ( ! pl\gh2 he c\ld s9 aga9/ ! corn by cutt+ x d[n & gr9d+ x into fl\r1 or aga9/ ! preci\s & beautiful p9e-tree by lay+ 8 axe to its roots & conv]t+ x into m]e timb] = 8 h\se4 ,fur!r /ill1 no d\bt he c\ld s9 aga9/ elem5tal nature4 ,?is might be m difficult to be c]ta9 (1 b :5 ! signs ( elem5tal displeasure 7 n to be mi/ak5--:5 ! ra9 )held itself = mon?s1 or ! /orms & lightn+ dealt dea? & de/ruction1 :5 ! crops fail$ or evil plagues afflict$ mank9d--!n !re c\ld be little unc]ta9ty t he _h s9n$2 & ,fe>1 :i* _h haunt$ him l a demon f ! fir/ day :5 he became consci\s ( 8 sep>ation f 8 fell[s & f ,nature1 /ood ov] him & urg$ to dreadful propitiations4 ,9 all ^! cases "s sacrifice 9 rep>ation 0 ! obvi\s ?+4 ,we h se5 t to atone = ! cutt+-d[n ( ! corn a human victim w\ld (t5 be slaught]$4 ,! corn-_s cle>ly approv$ ( ?is1 = :]ev] ! blood & rema9s ( ! victim 7 /rewn ! corn always sprang up m pl5tifully4 ,! tribe or human gr\p made rep>ation ?us to ! corn2 ! corn-_s signifi$ approval4 ,! 's9' 0 expiat$ & h>mony re/or$4 ,sometimes ! sacrifice 0 volunt>ily (f]$ by a tribesman2 sometimes x 0 en=c$1 by lot or o!rwise2 sometimes ! victim 0 a slave1 or a captive enemy2 sometimes ev5 an animal4 ,all t did n s mu* matt]4 ,! ma9 ?+ 0 t ! =mal expiation _h be5 c>ri$ out1 & ! wra? ( ! spirits av]t$4 ,x is kn[n t tribes ^: *ief food-animal 0 ! be> felt x necess>y to kill & eat a be> occasionally2 b !y c\ld n d ?is )\t a s5se ( guilt1 & "s fe> ( v5geance f ! great ,be>-_s4 ,s !y ate ! sla9 be> at a communal fea/ 9 :i* ! tribesm5 %>$ ! guilt & celebrat$ _! community ) _! totem & ) ea* o!r4 ,& s9ce !y c\ld n make any rep>ation directly to ! sla9 animal itself ,,aft] its dea?1 !y made _! rep>ation ,,be=e1 br++ all sorts ( pres5ts & food to x = a long ant]ior p]iod1 & pay+ e k9d ( wor%ip & respect to x4 ,! same ) ! bull & ! ox4 ,at ! fe/ival ( ! ,b\phonia1 9 "s ( ! cities ( ,greece z ,i h already m5tion$1 ! actual bull sacrific$ 0 ! h&some/ & mo/ c>efully nurtur$ t c\ld be obta9$2 x 0 cr[n$ ) fl[]s & l$ 9 procession ) e m>k ( rev]5ce & wor%ip4 ,& :5--z ,i h already po9t$ out--at ! great ,spr+ fe/ival1 in/ead ( a bull or a goat or a ram1 a ,,human victim 0 immolat$1 x 0 a cu/om 7:i* c be trac$ v widely ov] ! _w7 to fe$ & indulge & honor ! victim to ! la/ degree = a ,,:ole ,,ye> be=e ! f9al c]emony1 array+ him (t5 z a k+ & plac+ a cr[n ^u 8 head1 by way ( ackn[l$gm5t ( ! noble & necess>y "w he 0 do+ = ! g5]al good4 ,:at a t\*+ & beautiful c]emony 0 t--belong+ especially to ! ,nor? ( ,syria1 & l&s :]e ! p9e is s b5efic5t & belov$ a tree--! m\rn+ c]emony ( ! dea? & burial ( ,attis6 :5 a p9e-tree1 fell$ by ! axe1 0 holl[$ out1 & 9 ! holl[ an image 7(t5 itself c>v$ out ( p9ewood7 ( ! "y ,attis 0 plac$4 ,c\ld any symbolism express m t5d]ly ! idea t ! glori\s y\?--:o repres5t$ ,spr+1 too soon sla9 by ! rude tusk ( ,w9t]--0 himself ! v human s\l ( ! p9e-tree8 7#a7 ,at "s e>li] p]iod1 no d\bt1 a real y\? _h be5 sacrific$ & 8 body b\nd )9 ! p9e2 b n[ x 0 deem$ suffici5t = ! maid5s to s+ _! wild songs ( lam5tation2 & = ! prie/s & male en?usia/s to cut & ga% !mselves ) knives1 or to sacrifice 7z !y did7 to ! ,e>?-"m ! preci\s blood (f]+ ( _! virile organs--symbols ( f]tility 9 return = ! promis$ & expect$ r5ewal ( ,nature & ! crops 9 ! com+ ,spr+4 ,= ! c]emony1 z we h already se51 did n end ) dea? & lam5tation1 b l$ on1 p]fectly naturally1 aft] a day or two to a fe/ival ( resurrection1 :5 x 0 discov]$--j z 9 ! case ( ,osiris--t ! p9e-tree c(f9 0 empty1 & ! immortal life _h fl[n4 ,h[ /range ! simil>ity & p>allelism ( all ^! ?+s to ! /ory ( ,jesus 9 ! ,gospels--! sacrifice ( a life made 9 ord] to br+ salvation to m5 & expiation ( s9s1 ! cr[n+ ( ! victim1 & array+ 9 royal attire1 ! sc\rg+ & ! mock]y1 ! b9d+ or nail+ to a tree1 ! te>s ( ,m>y1 & ! resurrection & ! empty c(f96--or h[ n at all /range :5 we consid] 9 :at num]\s =ms & among h[ _m peoples1 ?is same p>able & ritual _h z a matt] ( fact be5 celebrat$1 & h[ x _h ultimately come d[n to br+ its message ( r$emption into a some:at obscure ,syrian city1 9 ! special %ape ) :i* we are famili>4 7#a7 ,see ,julius ,firmicus1 :o says 7,de ,errore1 c4 #bh73 9 sacris ,phrygiis1 quae ,matris deum dicunt1 p] annos s+ulos arbor p9ea ca$itur1 et 9 m$ia arbore simulacrum uv5is subligatur4 ,9 ,isiacis sacris de p9ea arbore ca$itur truncus2 hujus trunci m$ia p>s subtilit] excavatur1 illis de segm9ibus factum idolum ,osiridis sepelitur4 ,9 ,prosp]p9ae sacris caesa arbor 9 effigiem virg9is =m>aque componitur1 et cum intra civitatem fu]it illata1 quadrag9ta noctibus piangitur1 quadragesima v]o nocte comburitur4 ,?\gh ! p>able or leg5d 9 its special ,*ri/ian =m be>s ) x ! consci\sness ( ! pres5ce ( be+s :om we may call gods1 x is important to rememb] t 9 _m or mo/ ( its e>li] =ms1 ?\gh x dealt 9 'spirits'--! _s ( ! corn1 or ! _s ( ! ,spr+1 or ! spirits ( ! ra9 & ! ?und]1 or ! spirits ( totem-animals--x _h n yet q ris5 to ! idea ( gods4 ,x _h n ris5 to ! conception ( et]nal deities sitt+ ap>t & gov]n+ ! _w 9 solemn conclave--z f ! slopes ( ,olympus or ! recesses ( ! ,*ri/ian ,heav54 ,x belong$1 9 fact1 9 its inception1 to ! age ( ,magic4 ,! cre$ ( ,s9 & ,sacrifice1 or ( ,guilt & ,expiation--:atev] we l to call x--0 evolv$ p]fectly naturally out ( ! human m9d :5 br\ght face to face ) ,life & ,nature7 at "s e>ly /age ( its self-consci\sness4 ,x 0 ess5tially ! result ( man's deep1 orig9al & in/9ctive s5se ( solid>ity ) ,nature1 n[ d5i$ & beli$ & to "s degree brok5 up by ! gr[? & consci\s insi/5ce ( ! self-reg>d+ impulses4 ,x 0 ! consci\sness ( di%>mony & disunity1 caus+ m5 to feel all ! m poignantly ! desire & ! ne$ ( reconciliation4 ,x 0 a realization ( union made cle> by its v loss4 ,x assum$ ( c\rse1 9 a subconsci\s way z ,i h already indicat$1 t ! ext]nal _w 0 ! ,,habitat ( a m9d or m9ds simil> to man's own2 b ,,t be+ grant$1 x is evid5t t ! p>ticul> !ories curr5t 9 ?is or t place ab\t ! nature ( ! _w--! !ories1 z we %\ld say1 ( sci5ce or !ology--did n alt] ! g5]al outl9es ( ! cre$2 !y only color$ its details & gave its ritual diff]5t dramatic sett+s4 ,! m5tal attitudes1 = in/ance1 ( ,abraham sacrific+ ! ram1 or ( ! ,sib]ian angak\t slaught]+ a totem-be>1 or ( a mod]n & pi\s ,*ri/ian contemplat+ ! ,savi\r on ! ,cross are really almo/ exactly ! same4 ,i m5tion ?is because 9 trac+ ! orig9s or ! evolution ( religions x is important to di/+ui% cle>ly :at is ess5tial & univ]sal f t :i* is m]ely local & tempor>y4 ,"s p1 no d\bt1 w\ld be %ock$ at ! comp>isons j made2 b surely x is mu* m inspirit+ & enc\rag+ to ?9k t :atev] progress ,,has be5 made 9 ! religi\s outlook ( ! _w has come ab\t ?r\gh ! gradual m5tal gr[? & cons5t ( ! peoples1 r ?an ?r\gh "s unique & miracul\s ev5t ( a r arbitr>y & unexpla9$ "*--:i* inde$ might nev] be repeat$1 & conc]n+ :i* x w\ld p]haps be impi\s to sugge/ t x ,,%\ld be repeat$4 ,! consci\sness !n ( ,s9 7or ( ali5ation f ! life ( ! :ole71 & ( re/oration or r$emption ?r\gh ,sacrifice1 seems to h disclos$ itself 9 ! human race 9 v f>-back times1 & to h symboliz$ itself 9 "s mo/ anci5t rituals2 & if we are %ock$ sometimes at ! b>b>ities :i* accompani$ ^? rituals1 yet we mu/ all[ t ^! b>b>ities %[ h[ int5sely ! e>ly p felt ! solemnity & importance ( ! :ole matt]2 & we mu/ all[ too t ! b>b>ities did se> & burn !mselves into rude & ignorant m9ds ) ! s5se ( ! ,,ne$ ( ,sacrifice1 & ) a result p]haps :i* c\ld n h be5 compass$ 9 any o!r way4 ,= aft] all we see n[ t sacrifice is ( ! v ess5ce ( social life4 ,x is exp$i5t t ,,"o man %\ld die = ! p2 & n only t "o man %\ld actually die1 b 7:at is f> m important7 t ea* man %\ld be ready & ,,will+ to die 9 t cause1 :5 ! occasion & ! ne$ arises4 ,tak5 9 its l>g] mean+s & implications ,sacrifice1 z conceiv$ 9 ! anci5t _w1 0 a p]fectly reasonable ?+4 ,x ,,%\ld p]vade mod]n life m ?an x does4 ,all we h or enjoy fl[s f1 or is implicat$ )1 pa9 & suff]+ 9 o!rs1 &--if !re is any ju/ice 9 ,nature or ,humanity--x dem&s an equival5t read9ess to suff] on our "p4 ,if ,*ri/ianity has any real ess5ce1 t ess5ce is p]haps express$ 9 "s su* ritual or practice ( ,sacrifice1 & we see t ! dim beg9n+s ( ?is idea date f ! f>-back cu/oms ( savages com+ d[n f a "t ant]ior to all record$ hi/ory4 ,,viii4 ,,pagan ,,initiations ,,& ,,! ,,second ,,bir? ,we h sugge/$ 9 ! la/ *apt] h[ ! conceptions ( ,s9 & ,sacrifice com+ d[n to u f an extremely remote pa/1 & embodi$ among ! v>i\s peoples ( ! _w sometimes 9 crude & blood?ir/y rites1 sometimes 9 symbols & rituals ( a g5tl] & m graci\s "*1 desc5d$ at la/ into ,*ri/ianity & became a "p ( its cre$ & ( ! cre$ ( ! mod]n _w4 ,on ! :ole p]haps we may trace a sl[ amelioration 9 ?is process & may flatt] ourselves t ! ,*ri/ian c5turies exhibit a m philosophical und]/&+ ( :at ,s9 is1 & a m humane conception ( :at ,sacrifice ,,%\ld be1 ?an ! c5turies prec$+4 ,b ,i fe> t any v decid$ /atem5t or sweep+ g5]alization to t effect w\ld be--to say ! lea/--ra%4 ,p]haps !re ,,is a v sl[ amelioration2 b ! briefe/ glance at ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es--! horrible ranc\rs & rev5ges ( ! cl]gy & ! sects aga9/ ea* o!r 9 ! f\r? & fif? c5turies ,a4,d41 ! h]esy-hunt+ crusades at ,bezi]s & o!r places & ! massacres ( ! ,albig5ses 9 ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies1 ! wit*-f9d+s & burn+s ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5?1 ! hide\s sci5ce-urg$ & bi%op-bless$ w>f>e ( ! tw5tie?--horrors fully z great z any we c *>ge to ! acc\nt ( ! ,aztecs or ! ,babylonians--mu/ give u pause4 ,nor mu/ we =get t if !re is by *ance a sub/antial amelioration 9 our mod]n outlook ) reg>d to ^! matt]s ! same _h begun already be=e ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity & c by no means be ascrib$ to any miracul\s influ5ce ( t religion4 ,abraham 0 prompt$ to slay a ram z a sub/itute = 8 son1 long be=e ! ,*ri/ians 7 ?\ght (2 ! r savage ,artemis ( ! old ,greek rites 0 7accord+ to ,pausanias7 7#a7 honor$ by ! ye>ly sacrifice ( a p]fect boy & girl1 b lat] x 0 deem$ suffici5t to draw a knife across _! ?roats z a symbol1 ) ! result ( spill+ only a few drops ( _! blood1 or to flog ! boys 7) ! same result7 ^u h] alt>4 ,among ! ,khonds 9 old days _m victims 7m]iahs7 7 sacrific$ to ! gods1 b 9 "t ! man 0 replac$ by a horse1 ! horse by a bull1 ! bull by a ram1 ! ram by a kid1 ! kid by f[ls1 & ! f[ls by _m fl[]s4 7#b7 ,at "o "t1 accord+ to ! ,yajur-,v$a1 !re 0 a fe/ival at :i* "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five victims1 m5 & wom51 boys & girls1 7 sacrific$2 b re=m sup]v5$1 & n[ ! victims 7 b\nd z be=e to ! /ake1 b aft]w>ds amid litanies to ! immolat$ 7god7 ,n>ayana1 ! sacrific+ prie/ br&i%$ a knife &--sev]$ ! bonds ( ! captives4 7#c7 ,at ! ,a!nian fe/ival ( ! ,?>gelia1 to :i* ,i ref]r$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 x appe>s t ! victims1 9 lat] times1 in/ead ( be+ sla91 7 toss$ f a height into ! sea1 & aft] be+ rescu$ 7 !n simply bani%$2 :ile at ,leucatas a simil> fe/ival ! fall ( ! victim 0 graci\sly brok5 by ty+ fea!rs & ev5 liv+ birds to 8 body4 7#d7 7#a7 vii4 #ai1 & iii4 #h1 #af4 7#b7 ,primitive ,folk1 by ,elie ,reclus 7,contemp4 ,sci5ce ,s]ies71 p4 #ccj4 7#c7 ,ibid4 7#d7 ,mull]'s ,dorians ,book ,,ii1 *4 ii1 p>4 #aj4 ,) ! lapse ( "t & ! g5]al progress ( mank9d1 we may1 ,i ?9k1 p]ceive "s su* sl[ ameliorations 9 ! matt] ( ! brutality & sup]/ition ( ! old religions4 ,h[ f> any lat] ameliorations 7 due to ! direct influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity might be a difficult "q2 b :at ,i ?9k we c cle>ly see--& :at especially int]e/s u "h--is t 9 respect to its ma9 religi\s ideas1 & ! matt] und]ly+ !m 7exclusive ( ! ,,mann] ( _! treatm5t1 :i* necess>ily has v>i$ among diff]5t peoples7 ,*ri/ianity is ( "o piece ) ! e>li] pagan cre$s & is = ! mo/ "p a re-/atem5t & r5ew$ expression ( _w-wide doctr9es ^: fir/ g5esis is lo/ 9 ! haze ( ! pa/1 beyond all record$ hi/ory4 ,i h illu/rat$ ?is view ) reg>d to ! doctr9e ( ,s9 & ,sacrifice4 ,let u take two or ?ree o!r illu/rations4 ,let u take ! doctr9e ( ,re-bir? or ,reg5]ation4 ,! fir/ few v]ses ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel are occupi$ ) ! subject ( salvation ?r\gh rebir? or reg5]ation4 ,except a man be born aga91 he _c see ! k+dom ( ,god4444 ,except a man be born ( wat] & ! ,_s1 he _c ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,our ,baptismal ,s]vice beg9s by say+ t =asmu* z all m5 are conceiv$ & born 9 s92 & t our ,savi\r ,*ri/ sai?1 ,none c ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god except he be reg5]ate & born anew ( wat] & ! ,holy ,gho/2 !re=e x is desirable t ?is *ild %\ld be baptiz$1 receiv$ into ,*ri/'s ,holy ,*ur*1 & be made a lively memb] ( ! same4 ,t1 is to say1 !re is "o bir?1 aft] ! fle%1 b a second bir? is necess>y1 a bir? aft] ! ,_s & into ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,our ,confirmation ,s]vice is simply a s]vice repeat+ & confirm+ ^! views1 at an age 7f\rte5 to sixte5 or s7 :5 ! boy or girl is capable ( und]/&+ :at is be+ done4 ,b our ,baptismal & ,confirmation c]emonies comb9$ are cle>ly ! exact correspond5ce & p>allel ( ! old pagan c]emonies ( ,initiation1 :i* are or h be5 obs]v$ 9 almo/ e primitive tribe ov] ! _w4 ,! rite ( ! second bir?1 says ,jane ,h>rison1 7#a7 is widespread1 univ]sal1 ov] half ! savage _w4 ,) ! savage to be twice-born is ! rule4 ,by 8 fir/ bir? he comes into ! _w2 by 8 second he is born into 8 tribe4 ,at 8 fir/ bir? he belongs to 8 "m & ! wom5-folk2 at 8 second he becomes a full-fl$g$ man & passes into ! society ( ! w>riors ( 8 tribe4444 ,^! rites are v v>i\s1 b !y all po9t to "o moral1 t ! =m] ?+s are pass$ away & t ! new-born man has ent]$ ^u a new life4 ,simple/ ( all1 & mo/ in/ructive1 is ! rite practis$ by ! ,kikuyu tribe ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa1 :o require t e boy1 j be=e circumcision1 mu/ be born aga94 ,! "m /&s up ) ! boy cr\*+ at h] feet2 %e pret5ds to g ?r\gh all ! lab\r pa9s1 & ! boy on be+ reborn cries l a babe & is wa%$4 7#b7 7#a7 ,anci5t ,art & ,ritual1 p4 #ajd4 7#b7 ,see also ,!mis1 p4 #ba4 ,let u pause = a mom5t4 ,an ,initiate is ( c\rse "o :o ent]s 94 ,he ent]s into ! ,tribe2 he ent]s into ! revelation ( c]ta9 ,my/]ies2 he becomes an associate ( a c]ta9 ,totem1 a c]ta9 ,god2 a memb] ( a new ,society1 or ,*ur*--a *ur* ( ,mi?ra1 or ,dionysus or ,*ri/4 ,to d any ( ^! ?+s he mu/ be born aga92 he mu/ die to ! old life2 he mu/ pass ?r\gh c]emonials :i* symbolize ! *ange4 ,"o ( ^! c]emonials is wa%+4 ,z ! new-born babe is wa%$1 s mu/ ! new-born initiate be wa%$2 & z by primitive man 7& n )\t reason7 ,,blood 0 consid]$ ! mo/ vital & reg5]ative ( fluids1 ! v elixir ( life1 s 9 e>lie/ times x 0 common to wa% ! initiate ) blood4 ,if ! initiate _h to be born anew1 x w\ld seem reasonable to suppose t he mu/ fir/ die4 ,s1 n unfrequ5tly1 he 0 w\nd$1 or sc\rg$1 & baptiz$ ) 8 own blood1 or1 9 cases1 "o ( ! c&idates 0 really kill$ & 8 blood us$ z a sub/itute = ! blood ( ! o!rs4 ,no d\bt ,,human sacrifice att5d$ ! e>lie/ initiations4 ,b lat] x 0 suffici5t to be half-dr[n$ 9 ! blood ( a ,bull z 9 ! ,mi?ra cult1 7#a7 or 'wa%$ 9 ! blood ( ! ,lamb' z 9 ! ,*ri/ian phraseology4 ,f9ally1 ) a gr[+ s5se ( dec5cy & ae/hetic p]ception among ! v>i\s peoples1 wa%+ ) pure wat] came 9 ! initiation-c]emonies to take ! place ( blood2 & our baptismal s]vice has r$uc$ ! c]emony to a m]e spr9kl+ ) wat]4 7#b7 7#a7 ,see *4 iii4 7#b7 ,= ! virtue suppos$ to reside 9 blood see ,we/]m>ck's ,moral ,ideas1 ,*4 #df4 ,to cont9ue ! quotation f ,miss ,h>rison3 ,m (t5 ! new bir? is /imulat$1 or imag9$1 z a dea? & a resurrection1 ei!r ( ! boys !mselves or ( "s "o else 9 _! pres5ce4 ,?us at initiation among "s tribes ( ,s\?-ea/ ,au/ralia1 :5 ! boys are assembl$ an old man dress$ 9 /r+y b>k-fibre lies d[n 9 a grave4 ,he is cov]$ up lightly ) /icks & e>?1 & ! grave is smoo!d ov]4 ,! buri$ man holds 9 8 h& a small bu% :i* seems to be gr[+ f ! gr\nd1 & o!r bu%es are /uck 9 ! gr\nd r\nd ab\t4 ,! novices are !n br\ght to ! edge ( ! grave & a song is sung4 ,gradually1 z ! song goes on1 ! bu% held by ! buri$ man beg9s to quiv]4 ,x moves m & m1 & bit by bit ! man himself />ts up f ! grave4 ,/range 9 our own ,baptismal ,s]vice & j be=e ! actual *ri/5+ we read ^! words1 ,!n %all ! ,prie/ say3 ,o m]ciful ,god1 grant t old ,adam 9 ?is *ild may be s ,,buri$ t ! new man may be rais$ up 9 him3 grant t all c>nal affections may die 9 him1 & t all ?+s belong+ to ! ,_s may live & gr[ 9 him6 ,c we d\bt t ! ,au/ralian m$ic9e-man1 /&+ at ! graveside ( ! re-aris5 old black-fell[1 po9t$ ! same moral to ! "y initiates z ! prie/ does to-day to ^? assembl$ be=e him 9 *ur*--= inde$ we "k t among savage tribes initiations h always be5 be=e all ?+s ! occasions ( moral & social tea*+8 ,c we d\bt t he said1 9 sub/ance if n 9 actual words3 ,z ?is man has aris5 f ! grave1 s y mu/ also arise f y\r old *ildi% life ( amusem5t & self-gratification &1 ,,ent] ,,into ! life ( ! tribe1 ! life ( ! ,_s ( ! tribe4 ,9 totemi/ic societies1 to quote ,miss ,h>rison aga91 & 9 ! animal secret societies t seem to gr[ out ( !m1 ! novice is born aga9 z ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,animal4 ,?us among ! ,c>ri] ,indians 7#a7 :5 a man wants to become a ,lulem or ',be>1' h[ev] cold ! season he te>s (f 8 clo!s1 puts on a be>-sk9 & da%es into ! woods1 :]e he w /ay = ?ree or f\r days4 ,e night 8 fell[-villag]s w g out 9 se>* p>ties to f9d him4 ,!y cry out ,yi6 ,kelulem 7come on1 ,be>71 & he answ]s ) angry gr[ls4 ,usually !y fail to f9d him1 b he comes back at la/ himself4 ,he is met1 & conduct$ to ! c]emonial lodge1 & !re 9 company ) ! re/ ( ! ,be>s dances solemnly 8 fir/ appe>ance4 ,disappe>ance & reappe>ance is z common a rite 9 initiation z /imulat$ kill+ & resurrection1 & has ! same object4 ,bo? are rites ( transition1 ( pass+ f "o to ano!r4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian c]emonies ! boy or girl puts away *ildi% ?+s & puts on ! new man1 b in/ead ( putt+ on a be>-sk9 he puts on ,*ri/4 ,!re is n s mu* diff]5ce z may appe> on ! surface4 ,to be id5tifi$ ) y\r ,totem is to be id5tifi$ ) ! sacr$ be+ :o wat*es ov] y\r tribe1 :o has giv5 8 life = y\r tribe2 x is to be born aga91 to be wa%$ n only ) wat] b ) ! ,holy ,_s ( all y\r fell[s4 ,to be baptiz$ into ,*ri/ ought to mean to be reg5]at$ 9 ! ,holy ,_s ( all humanity2 & no d\bt 9 cases x does mean ?is1 b too (t5 un=tunately x has only am\nt$ to a pret5ce ( religi\s sanction giv5 to ! meane/ & bitt]e/ qu>rels ( ! ,*ur*es & ! ,/ates4 7#a7 ,gold5 ,b\gh1 ,section #b1 ,,iii1 p4 #dch4 ,?is idea ( a ,new ,bir? at initiation expla9s ! preval5t pagan cu/om ( subject+ ! initiates to s]i\s ordeals1 (t5 pa9ful & ev5 dang]\s4 ,if "o is to be born aga91 obvi\sly "o mu/ be ready to face dea?2 ! "o ?+ _c be )\t ! o!r4 ,"o mu/ be able to endure pa91 l ! ,r$ ,indian braves2 to g long p]iods fa/+ & )\t food or dr9k1 l ! *\pan among ! ,we/]n ,inoits--:o1 w&]s = :ole nights ov] ! ice-fields "u ! moon1 scantily clo!d & brav+ ! int5se cold2 to ov]come ! v fe> ( dea? & dang]1 l ! ,au/ralian novices :o1 at fir/ t]rifi$ by ! s\nd ( ! bull-ro>] & ?reats ( fire & ! knife1 le>n f9ally to ca/ _! fe>s away4 7#a7 ,by s do+ "o puts (f ! old *ildi% ?+s1 & qualifies oneself by firmness & c\rage to become a wor?y memb] ( ! society into :i* "o is call$4 7#b7 ,! rules ( social life are taught--! duty to "o's tribe1 & to oneself1 tru?-speak+1 def5ce ( wom5 & *ildr51 ! c>e ( cattle1 ! mean+ ( sex & m>riage1 & ev5 ! my/]ies ( su* religi\s ideas & rudim5t>y sci5ce z ! tribe possesses4 ,& by s do+ "o really ent]s into a new life4 ,?+s ( ! spiritual _w beg9 to dawn4 ,julius ,firmicus1 9 describ+ ! my/]ies ( ! resurrection ( ,osiris1 7#c7 says t :5 ! wor%ip]s _h satiat$ !mselves ) lam5tations ov] ! dea? ( ! god !n ! prie/ w\ld g r\nd ano9t+ !m ) oil & :isp]+1 ,be ( good *e]1 ,o ,neophytes ( ! new-aris5 ,god1 = to u too f our pa9s %all come salvation4 7#d7 7#a7 ,accord+ to acc\nts ( ! ,wirad?uri tribe ( ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 9 _! initiations1 ! lads 7 fright5$ by a l>ge fire be+ light$ ne> !m1 & he>+ ! awful s\nd ( ! bull-ro>]s1 :ile !y 7 told t ,dhuramoolan 0 ab\t to burn !m2 ! leg5d be+ t ,dhuramoolan1 a p[]ful be+1 ^: voice s\nd$ l ?und]1 w\ld take ! boys into ! bu% & in/ruct !m 9 all ! laws1 traditions & cu/oms ( ! community4 ,s he pret5d$ t he always kill$ ! boys1 cut !m up1 & burnt !m to a%es1 aft] :i* he m\ld$ ! a%es into human %ape1 & re/or$ !m to life z new be+s4 7,see ,r4 ,h4 ,mat!ws1 ,! ,wirad?uri tribes1 ,j\rnal ,an?rop4 ,in/41 vol4 xxv1 #ahif1 pp4 #big sq47 7#b7 ,see ,catl9's ,nor?-,am]ican ,indians1 vol4 i1 = initiations & ordeals among ! ,m&ans4 7#c7 ,de ,errore1 c4 #bb4 7#d7 gr ,q>reite1 mu/ai ton qe\ seswsm5\1 gr ,e/ai g> hm9 ek ponwn sw?ria4 ,x w\ld seem t at "s v e>ly "t 9 ! hi/ory ( tribal & prie/ly initiations an attempt 0 made to impress ^u ! neophytes ! exi/5ce & ov]-%ad[+ pres5ce ( spiritual & gho/ly be+s4 ,p]haps ! pa9s endur$ 9 ! v>i\s ordeals1 ! long fa/+s1 ! sil5ces 9 ! dep? ( ! =e/s or on ! m\nta9s or among ! ice-floes1 help$ to r\se ! vision>y faculty4 ,! developm5ts ( ?is faculty among ! black & color$ peoples--,ea/-,indian1 ,burmese1 ,african1 ,am]ican-,indian1 etc4--are well kn[n4 ,miss ,alice ,flet*]1 :o liv$ among ! ,omaha ,indians = ?irty ye>s1 gives a mo/ int]e/+ acc\nt 7#a7 ( ! g5]al philosophy ( t p & _! rites ( initiation4 ,! ,omahas reg>d all animate & inanimate =ms1 all ph5om5a1 z p]vad$ by a common life1 :i* 0 cont9u\s ) & simil> to ! w-p[] !y 7 consci\s ( 9 !mselves4 ,?is my/]i\s p[] 9 all ?+s !y call$ ,wakonda1 & ?r\gh x all ?+s 7 relat$ to man & to ea* o!r4 ,9 ! idea ( ! cont9uity ( life a relation 0 ma9ta9$ betwe5 ! se5 & ! unse51 ! dead & ! liv+1 & also betwe5 ! fragm5t ( any?+ & its entirety4 7#b7 ,?us an ,omaha novice might at any "t seek to obta9 ,wakonda by :at 0 call$ ,,! ,,rite ,,( ,,! ,,vision4 ,he w\ld g out alone1 fa/1 *ant incantations1 & f9ally fall into a trance 7mu* resembl+ :at 9 mod]n times has be5 call$ ,,cosmic ,,consci\sness7 9 :i* he w\ld p]ceive ! inn] relations ( all ?+s & ! solid>ity ( ! lea/ object ) ! re/ ( ! univ]se4 7#a7 ,summ>iz$ 9 ,!mis1 pp4 #fh-ga4 7#b7 ,a4 ,c4 ,flet*]1 ,! ,significance ( ! ,scalp-lock1 ,j\rnal ( ,an?ropological ,/udies1 xxvii 7#ahig-h71 p4 #dcf4 ,ano!r rite 9 connection ) initiation1 & common all ov] ! pagan _w--9 ,greece1 ,am]ica1 ,africa1 ,au/ralia1 ,new ,mexico1 etc4--0 ! daub+ ( ! novice all ov] ) clay or *alk or ev5 dung1 & !n aft] a :ile remov+ ! same4 7#a7 ,! novice mu/ h look$ a suffici5tly ugly & uncom=table object 9 ?is /ate2 b lat]1 :5 he 0 ?or\ghly ,,wa%$1 ! c]emony mu/ h af=d$ a ?rill+ illu/ration ( ! idea ( a new bir?1 & "o :i* w\ld dwell 9 ! m9ds ( ! spectators4 ,:5 ! daub+ 0 done z n infrequ5tly happ5$ ) :ite clay or gypsum1 & ! ritual took place at night1 x c easily be imag9$ t ! figures ( "y m5 & boys mov+ ab\t 9 ! d>kness w\ld l5d support to ! idea t !y 7 spirits belong+ to "s int]m$iate _w--:o _h already pass$ ?r\gh dea? & 7 n[ wait+ = _! second bir? on e>? 7or into ! tribe7 :i* w\ld be signaliz$ by _! ?or\gh & c]emonial wa%+4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,h]odotus 7viii7 gives a circum/antial acc\nt ( h[ ! ,phocians 9 a battle ) ! ,!ssalians sme>$ six hundr$ ( _! brave/ w>riors ) :ite clay s t1 look+ l sup]natural be+s1 & fall+ ^u ! ,!ssalians by night1 !y t]rifi$ ! latt] & put !m to in/ant flight4 7#a7 ,see ,a4 ,lang's ,my?1 ,ritual & ,religion1 i1 #bgd sq4 ,su* !n--?\gh only v scantily describ$--7 "s ( ! rites ( ,initiation & ,second ,bir? celebrat$ 9 ! old ,pagan _w4 ,! subject is f> too l>ge = adequate treatm5t )9 ! pres5t limits2 b ev5 s we _c b be /ruck by ! appropriat5ess 9 _m cases ( ! tea*+ ?us giv5 to ! "y1 ! concret5ess ( ! illu/rations1 ! effectiv5ess ( ! symbols us$1 ! dramatic "* ( ! rites1 ! /rong en=cem5t ( lessons on ! nature & duties ( ! life into :i* ! c&idates 7 ab\t to ent]4 ,*ri/ianity foll[$ on1 & inh]it$ ^! traditions1 b "o feels t 9 its c]emonies ( ,baptism & ,confirmation1 :i* ( c\rse correspond to ! ,pagan ,initiations1 x falls %ort ( ! latt]4 ,its c]emonies 7c]ta9ly z we h !m to-day 9 ,prote/ant c\ntries7 are ( a v milk-&-wat]y "*2 all allusion to & tea*+ on ! imm5sely important subject ( ,sex is omitt$1 ! details ( social & indu/rial morality are pass$ by1 & in/ruction is limit$ to a few r commonplace lessons 9 g5]al morality & religion4 ,x may be appropriate "h1 be=e leav+ ! subject ( ! ,second ,bir?1 to inquire h[ x has come ab\t t ?is doctr9e--s remote & metaphysical z x might appe>--has be5 tak5 up & embodi$ 9 _! cre$s & rituals by q ,,primitive p all ov] ! _w1 to su* a degree inde$ t x has ultimately be5 adopt$ & built into ! f\ndations ( ! latt] & m intellectual religions1 l ,h9duism1 ,mi?raism1 & ! ,egyptian & ,*ri/ian cults4 ,i ?9k ! answ] to ?is "q mu/ be f\nd 9 ! n[-famili> fact t ! e>lie/ peoples felt !mselves s mu* a "p ( ,nature & ! animal & vegetable _w ar\nd !m t 7:5ev] !y ?\ght ab\t ^! matt]s at all7 !y nev] = a mom5t d\bt$ t ! ?+s :i* 7 happ5+ all r\nd !m 9 ! ext]nal _w 7 also happ5+ )9 !mselves4 ,!y saw ! ,sun1 ov]cl\d$ & nigh to dea? 9 w9t]1 come to its bir? aga9 ea* ye>2 !y saw ! ,vegetation %oot =? anew 9 spr+--! revival ( ! _s ( ! ,e>?2 ! endless bre$+ ( ! ,animals1 ! /range trans=mations ( ,worms & ,insects2 ! obvi\sly new life tak5 on by boys & girls at pub]ty2 ! same at a lat] age :5 ! novice 0 trans=m$ into ! m$ic9e-man--! *\pan into ! angakok among ! ,esquimaux1 ! ,dacotah y\? into ! wakan among ! ,r$ ,indians2 & !y felt 9 _! sub-consci\s way ! same ev]la/+ =ces ( rebir? & trans=mation work+ )9 !mselves4 ,9 "s ( ! ,greek ,my/]ies ! newly admitt$ ,initiates 7 f$ = "s "t aft] on milk only z ?\gh we 7 be+ born aga94 7,see ,sallu/ius1 quot$ by ,gilb]t ,murray47 ,:5 sub-consci\s k began to glimm] into direct consci\sness "o ( ! fir/ aspects 7& no d\bt "o ( ! true/7 "u :i* p saw life 0 j ?us3 z a s]ies ( rebir?s & trans=mations4 7#a7 ,! mo/ mod]n sci5ce1 ,i ne$ h>dly say1 9 biology z well z 9 *emi/ry & ! field ( inorganic ,nature1 supports t view4 ,! savage 9 e>lie/ times ,,felt ! tru? ( "s ?+s :i* we to-day are only beg9n+ intellectually to p]ceive & analyze4 7#a7 ,! f]v5t & widespread belief 9 animal metamorphoses among e>ly peoples is well kn[n4 ,*ri/ianity adopt$ & absorb$--z x 0 b\nd to d--?is _w-wide doctr9e ( ! second bir?4 ,pass+ ov] its physiological & biological applications1 x gave to x a f9e spiritual significance--or r x insi/$ especially on its spiritual significance1 :i* 7z we h se57 _h be5 widely recogniz$ be=e4 ,only--z ,i suppose mu/ happ5 ) all local religions--x n>r[$ ! application & outlook ( ! doctr9e d[n to a special case--,z 9 ,adam all die1 s 9 ,,*ri/ %all all be made alive4 ,! ,univ]sal ,_s :i* c give rebir? & salvation to ,,e *ild ( man to :om x comes1 0 (f]$ only "u a v special =m--t ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 7#a7 ,9 ?is respect x 0 no bett] ?an ! religions :i* prec$$ x4 ,9 "s respects--t is1 :]e x 0 especially fanatical1 bl9k]$1 & ho/ile to o!r sects--x 0 ,,worse4 ,b to ^? :o p]ceive t ! ,great ,_s may br+ new bir? & salvation to "s "u ! =m ( ,osiris1 equally well z to o!rs "u ! =m ( ,jesus1 or aga9 to "s "u ! =m ( a ,sib]ian totem-,be> equally z to o!rs "u ! =m ( ,osiris1 ^! que/ion+s & n>r[+s fall away z ( no importance4 ,we 9 ?is latt] day c see ! ma9 ?+1 namely t ,*ri/ianity 0 & is j "o phase ( a _w-old religion1 sl[ly p]haps exp&+ its scope1 b ^: *ief attitudes & ori5tations h be5 ! same ?r\gh ! c5turies4 7#a7 ,! same happ5$ ) reg>d to ano!r great ,pagan doctr9e 7to :i* ,i h j allud$71 ! doctr9e ( trans=mations & metamorphoses2 & :]eas ! pagans believ$ 9 ^! ?+s1 z ! common & possible h]itage ( ,,e man1 ! ,*ri/ians only all[$ !mselves to ent]ta9 ! idea 9 ! special & unique in/ance ( ! ,transfiguration ( ,*ri/4 ,_m o!r illu/rations might be tak5 ( ! tru? ( ?is view1 b ,i w conf9e myself to two or ?ree m4 ,!re is ! in/ance ( ! ,eu*>i/ & its exce$+ly widespread celebration 7"u v v>i\s =ms7 among ! pagans all ov] ! _w--z well z among ,*ri/ians4 ,i h already said en\gh on ?is subject1 & ne$ n delay ov] x4 ,by p>tak+ ( ! sacram5tal meal1 ev5 9 its wilde/ & crude/ %apes1 z 9 ! my/]ies ( ,dionysus1 "o 0 id5tifi$ ) & unit$ to ! god2 9 its mild] & m spiritual aspects z 9 ! ,mi?raic1 ,egyptian1 ,h9du & ,*ri/ian cults1 "o pass$ beh9d ! veil ( maya & ?is ev]-*ang+ _w1 & ent]$ into ! region ( div9e peace & p[]4 7#a7 7#a7 ,b>+ ,g\ld 9 8 ,orig4 ,relig4 ,belief1 ,i4 #dja1 says3--,among ! anci5t ,h9dus ,soma 0 a *ief deity2 he is call$ ! ,giv] ( ,life & ,heal?4444 ,he became inc>nate among m51 0 tak5 by !m & sla91 & bray$ 9 a mort> 7a god ( corn & w9e app>5tly74 ,b he rose 9 flame to heav5 to be '! ,b5efactor ( ! ,_w' & ! ',m$iator betwe5 ,god & ,man6' ,?r\gh communion ) him 9 8 sacrifice1 man 7:o p>took ( ?is god7 has an assurance ( immortality1 = by t sacram5t he obta9s union ) 8 div9ity4 ,or aga9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,savi\r4 ,t also is "o on :i* ,i ne$ n add mu* to :at has be5 said already4 ,! numb] ( pagan deities 7mo/ly virg9-born & done to dea? 9 "s way or o!r 9 _! ef=ts to save mank9d7 is s great 7#a7 z to be difficult to keep acc\nt (4 ,! god ,kri%na 9 ,india1 ! god ,indra 9 ,nepaul & ,?ibet1 spilt _! blood = ! salvation ( m52 ,buddha said1 accord+ to ,max ,mull]1 7#b7 ,let all ! s9s t 7 9 ! _w fall on me1 t ! _w may be deliv]$2 ! ,*9ese ,ti51 ! ,holy ,"o--"o ) ,god & exi/+ ) him f all et]nity--di$ to save ! _w2 ! ,egyptian ,osiris 0 call$ ,savi\r1 s 0 ,horus2 s 0 ! ,p]sian ,mi?ras2 s 0 ! ,greek ,h]cules :o ov]came ,dea? ?\gh 8 body 0 consum$ 9 ! burn+ g>m5t ( mortality1 out ( :i* he rose into heav54 ,s also 0 ! ,phrygian ,attis call$ ,savi\r1 & ! ,syrian ,tammuz or ,adonis likewise--bo? ( :om1 z we h se51 7 nail$ or ti$ to a tree1 & aft]w>ds rose aga9 f _! bi]s1 or c(f9s4 ,prome!us1 ! greate/ & e>lie/ b5efactor ( ! human race1 0 ,,nail$ ,,by ,,! ,,h&s & feet1 & ) arms ext5d$1 to ! rocks ( ,m\nt ,caucasus4 ,bac*us or ,dionysus1 born ( ! virg9 ,semele to be ! ,lib]ator ( mank9d 7,dionysus ,eleu!rios z he 0 call$71 0 torn to pieces1 n unlike ,osiris4 ,ev5 9 f> ,mexico ,quetzalcoatl1 ! ,savi\r1 0 born ( a virg91 0 tempt$1 & fa/$ =ty days1 0 done to dea?1 & 8 second com+ look$ = s eag]ly t 7z is well kn[n7 :5 ,cortes appe>$1 ! ,mexicans1 poor ?+s1 greet$ ,,him z ! return+ god6 7#c7 ,9 ,p]u & among ! ,am]ican ,indians1 ,nor? & ,s\? ( ! ,equator1 simil> leg5ds are1 or 71 to be f\nd4 7#a7 ,see = a consid]able li/ ,doane's ,bible ,my?s1 *4 xx4 7#b7 ,hi/4 ,sanskrit ,lit]ature1 p4 #hj4 7#c7 ,see ,k+sbor\gh1 ,mexican ,antiquities1 vol4 vi4 ,briefly sket*$ z all ?is is1 x is en\gh to prove q abundantly t ! doctr9e ( ! ,savi\r is _w-wide & _w-old1 & t ,*ri/ianity m]ely appropriat$ ! same & 7z ! o!r cults did7 gave x a special color4 ,probably ! wide range ( ?is doctr9e w\ld h be5 f> bett] & m g5]ally kn[n1 _h n ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 all ?r\gh1 made ! greate/ ( ef=ts & tak5 ! greate/ precautions to ext+ui% & snuff out all evid5ce ( pagan claims on ! subject4 ,!re is mu* to %[ t ! e>ly ,*ur* took ?is l9e ) reg>d to pre-,*ri/ian savi\rs2 7#a7 & 9 lat] times ! same policy is rem>kably illu/rat$ by ! treatm5t 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ( ! writ+s ( ,sahagun ! ,spani% mission>y--to ^: "w ,i h already ref]r$4 ,sahagun 0 a wond]fully broad-m9d$ & f9e man :o1 :ile he did n conceal ! b>b>ities ( ! ,aztec religion1 0 tru?ful en\gh to po9t out r$eem+ traits 9 ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! p & "s resemblances to ,*ri/ian doctr9e & practice4 ,?is infuriat$ ! bigot$ ,ca?olics ( ! newly =m$ ,mexican ,*ur*4 ,!y purlo9$ ! manuscripts ( ,sahagun's ,hi/oria & scatt]$ & hid !m ab\t ! c\ntry1 & x 0 only aft] inf9ite labor & an appeal to ! ,spani% ,c\rt t he got !m toge!r aga94 ,f9ally1 at ! age ( eighty1 hav+ translat$ !m into ,spani% 7f ! orig9al ,mexican7 he s5t !m 9 two big volumes home to ,spa9 = safety2 b !re almo/ imm$iately ,,!y ,,disappe>$1 & c\ld n be f\nd6 ,x 0 only aft] ,,two ,,c5turies t !y ultimately turn$ up 7#agij7 9 a ,conv5t at ,tolosa 9 ,nav>re4 ,"l ,k+sbor\gh publi%$ !m 9 ,engl& 9 #ahcj4 7#a7 ,see ,t]tullian's ,apologia1 c4 #af2 ,ad ,nationes1 c4 xii4 ,i h ?us dwelt ^u sev]al ( ! ma9 doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity--namely1 ^? ( ,s9 & ,sacrifice1 ! ,eu*>i/1 ! ,savi\r1 ! ,second ,bir?1 & ,transfiguration--z %[+ t !y are by no means unique 9 our religion1 b 7 common to ne>ly all ! religions ( ! anci5t _w4 ,! li/ might be mu* fur!r ext5d$1 b !re is no ne$ to delay ov] a subject :i* is n[ v g5]ally und]/ood4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 devote a page or two to "o in/ance1 :i* ,i ?9k is v rem>kable1 & full ( deep sugge/ion4 ,!re is no doctr9e 9 ,*ri/ianity :i* is m rev]5c$ by ! adh]5ts ( t religion1 or held 9 high] e/imation1 ?an t ,god sacrific$ 8 only ,son = ! salvation ( ! _w2 also t s9ce ! ,son 0 n only ( l nature b ( ! ,,same nature ) ! ,fa!r1 & equal to him z be+ ! second ,p]son ( ! ,div9e ,tr9ity1 ! sacrifice am\nt$ to an immolation ( ,himself = ! good ( mank9d4 ,! doctr9e is s my/ical1 s remote1 & 9 a s5se s absurd & impossible1 t x has be5 a favorite m>k ?r\gh ! c5turies = ! ridicule ( ! sc(f]s & enemies ( ! ,*ur*2 & "h1 x might easily be ?\ght1 is a belief :i*--:e!r x be consid]$ glori\s or :e!r contemptible--is at any rate unique1 & peculi> to t ,*ur*4 ,& yet ! extraord9>y fact is t a simil> belief ranges all ?r\gh ! anci5t religions1 & c be trac$ back to ! e>lie/ times4 ,! ^w ho/ :i* is us$ 9 ! ,ca?olic ,mass = ! bread & w9e on ! ,alt>1 suppos$ to be ! transub/antiat$ body & blood ( ,*ri/1 is f ! ,lat9 ,ho/ia :i* ! diction>y int]prets z an animal sla9 9 sacrifice1 a s9-(f]+4 ,x takes u f> f> back to ! ,totem /age ( folk-life1 :5 ! tribe1 z ,i h already expla9$1 cr[n$ a victim-bull or be> or o!r animal ) fl[]s1 & honor+ x ) e (f]+ ( food & wor%ip1 sacrific$ ! victim to ! ,totem _s ( ! tribe1 & consum$ x 9 an ,eu*>i/ic fea/--! m$ic9e-man or prie/ :o conduct$ ! ritual we>+ a sk9 ( ! same bea/ z a sign t he repres5t$ ! ,totem-div9ity1 tak+ "p 9 ! sacrifice ( 'himself to himself4' ,x rem9ds u ( ! ,khonds ( ,b5gal sacrific+ _! m]iahs cr[n$ & decorat$ z gods & goddesses2 ( ! ,aztecs do+ ! same2 ( ,quetzalcoatl prick+ 8 elb[s & f+]s s z to draw blood1 :i* he (f]$ on 8 own alt>2 or ( ,od9 hang+ by 8 own desire ^u a tree4 ,i "k ,i 0 hang$ ^u a tree %ak5 by ! w9ds = n9e long nights4 ,i 0 transfix$ by a spe>2 ,i 0 mov$ to ,od91 myself to myself4 ,& s on4 ,! in/ances are endless4 ,i am ! oblation1 says ! ,"l ,kri%na 9 ! ,bhagavad ,gita1 7#a7 ,i am ! sacrifice1 ,i ! ance/ral (f]+4 ,9 ! truly or?odox conception ( sacrifice1 says ,elie ,reclus1 7#b7 ! consecrat$ (f]+1 be x man1 woman or virg91 lamb or heif]1 cock or dove1 repres5ts ,,! ,,deity ,,himself4444 ,brahma is ! 'imp]i%able sacrifice'2 ,indra1 ,soma1 ,h>i & ! o!r gods1 became inc>nate 9 animals to ! sole end t !y might be immolat$4 ,p]u%a1 ! ,univ]sal ,be+1 caus$ himself to be sla9 by ! ,immortals1 & f 8 sub/ance 7 born ! birds ( ! air1 wild & dome/ic animals1 ! (f]+s ( butt] & curds4 ,! _w1 decl>$ ! ,ri%is1 is a s]ies ( sacrifices disclos+ o!r sacrifices4 ,to /op !m w\ld be to susp5d ! life ( ,nature4 ,! god ,siva1 to :om ! ,tipp]ahs ( ,b5gal are suppos$ to h sacrific$ z _m z a ?\s& human victims a ye>1 said to ! ,braham9s3 ',x is ,i t am ! actual (f]+2 x is ,i t y but*] ^u my alt>s4' 7#a7 ,*4 ix1 v4 #af4 7#b7 ,primitive ,folk1 *4 vi4 ,x 0 9 allusion to ?is doctr9e t ,r4 ,w4 ,em]son1 p>aphras+ ! ,ka?a-,upani%ad1 wrote t immortal v]se ( 83-- ,if ! r$ slay] ?9ks he slays1 ,or ! sla9 ?9ks he is sla91 ,!y "k n well ! subtle ways ,i take1 & pass1 & turn aga94 ,i say x is an a/oni%+ ?+ to ?9k & realize t ?is pr(\nd & my/ic doctr9e ( ! et]nal sacrifice ( ,himself1 orda9$ by ! ,great ,_s = ! creation & salvation ( ! _w--a doctr9e :i* has attract$ & fasc9at$ _m ( ! great ?9k]s & nobl] m9ds ( ,europe1 :i* has also inspir$ ! religi\s tea*+s ( ! ,indian sages & to a less philosophical degree ! writ+s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sa9ts--%\ld h be5 seiz$ 9 its g5]al outl9e & ess5ce by rude & primitive p be=e ! dawn ( hi/ory1 & embodi$ 9 _! rites & c]emonials4 ,:at is ! explanation ( ?is fact8 ,x is v puzzl+4 ,! :ole subject is puzzl+4 ,! _w-wide adoption ( simil> cre$s & rituals 7&1 we may add1 leg5ds & fairy tales7 among e>ly peoples1 & 9 f>-sund]$ places & times is s rem>kable t x has giv5 ! /ud5ts ( ^! subjects 'furi\sly to ?9k' 7#a7--yet = ! mo/ "p )\t great success 9 ! way ( f9d+ a solution4 ,! supposition t 7#a7 ! cre$1 rite or leg5d 9 "q has sprung up1 s to speak1 accid5tally1 9 "o place1 & !n has travell$ 7ow+ to "s inh]5t plausibility7 ov] ! re/ ( ! _w1 is ( c\rse "o t comm5ds itself readily at fir/2 b on clos] exam9ation ! practical difficulties x pres5ts are c]ta9ly v great4 ,^! include ! migrations ( cu/oms & my?s 9 q e>ly ages ( ! e>? across trackless oceans & cont95ts1 & betwe5 races & peoples absolutely incapable ( und]/&+ ea* o!r4 ,& if to avoid ^! difficulties x is assum$ t ! pres5t human race all proce$s f "o orig9al /ock :i* radiat+ f "o c5tre--say 9 ,s\?-,ea/]n ,asia 7#b7--ov]spread ! _w1 c>ry+ its rites & cu/oms ) x1 :y1 !n we are compell$ to face ! difficulty ( suppos+ ?is radiation to h tak5 place at an enorm\s "t ago 7! cont95ts be+ !n all m or less conjo9$7 & at a p]iod :5 x is d\btful if any religi\s rites & cu/oms at all exi/$2 n to m5tion ! fur!r difficulty ( suppos+ all ! f\r or five hundr$ languages n[ exi/+ to be desc5d$ f "o common s\rce4 ,! f> tradition ( ! ,isl& ( ,atlantis seems to af=d a possible explanation ( ! community ( rites & cu/oms betwe5 ! ,old & ,new ,_w1 & ?is )\t assum+ 9 any way t ,atlantis 7if x exi/$7 0 ! orig9al & ,,sole cradle ( ! human race4 7#c7 ,anyh[ x is cle> t ^! orig9s ( human culture mu/ be ( extreme antiquity1 & t x w\ld n be wise to be put (f ! track ( ! inve/igation ( a possible common s\rce m]ely by t fact ( antiquity4 7#a7 ,see ,a4 ,lang's ,my?1 ,ritual & ,religion1 vol4 ii4 7#b7 ,see ,ha/+s1 ,encycl4 ,religion & ,e?ics1 art4 ,e?nology4 7#c7 ,e4 ,j4 ,payne1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,new ,_w call$ ,am]ica 7vol4 i1 p4 #ic7 says3 ,x is c]ta9 t ,europe & ,am]ica once =m$ a s+le cont95t1 b inroads ( ! sea left a va/ isl& or p59sula /ret*+ f ,icel& to ! ,azores--:i* gradually disappe>$4 ,also he speaks 7i4 #ic7 ( ! ,mioc5e ,bridge betwe5 ,sib]ia & ! ,new ,_w4 ,a second supposition1 h[ev]1 is 7#b7 t ! natural psy*ological evolution ( ! human m9d has 9 ! v>i\s times & climes l$ folk ( ! mo/ div]se surr\nd+s & h]$ity--& p]haps ev5 sprung f sep>ate an?ropoid /ocks--to develop _! social & religi\s ideas along ! same g5]al l9es--& t ev5 to ! ext5t ( exhibit+ at times a rem>kable simil>ity 9 m9ute details4 ,?is is a !ory :i* comm5ds itself greatly to a deep] & m philosophical consid]ation2 b x br+s u up po9t-blank aga9/ ano!r mo/ difficult "q 7:i* we h already rais$71 namely1 h[ to acc\nt = extremely rude & primitive peoples 9 ! f> pa/1 & on ! v bord]l& ( ! animal life1 hav+ be5 ,,susceptible to ! g]ms ( great religi\s ideas 7su* z we h m5tion$7 & hav+ be5 in/9ctively--?\gh n ( c\rse by any process ( consci\s reason+--mov$ to express !m 9 symbols & rites & c]emonials1 & 7lat] no d\bt7 9 my?s & leg5ds1 :i* satisfi$ _! ,,feel+s & s5se ( fitness--?\gh !y may n h kn[n ,,:y--& aft]w>ds 7 capable ( be+ tak5 up & embodi$ 9 ! great philosophical religions4 ,?is difficulty almo/ compels u to a view ( human k :i* has f\nd support]s among "s able ?9k]s--! view1 namely1 t a va/ /ore ( k is already conta9$ 9 ! subconsci\s m9d ( man 7& ! animals7 & only ne$s ! provocation ( out] exp]i5ce to br+ x to ! surface2 & t 9 ! second /age ( human psy*ology ?is process ( crude & piecemeal ext]nalization is tak+ place1 9 prep>ation = ! f9al or ?ird /age 9 :i* ! k w be re-absorb$ & become direct & intuitional on a high & h>moni\s plane--some?+ l ! pres5t intuition ( ! animals z we p]ceive x on ! animal plane4 ,h[ev] ?is g5]al subject is "o on :i* ,i %all t\* aga91 & ,i d n propose to dwell on x at any l5g? n[4 ,!re is a ?ird alt]native !ory 7#c7--;a comb9ation ( 7#a7 & 7#b7--namely1 t if "o accepts 7#b7 & ! idea t at any giv5 /age ( human developm5t !re is a ,,pr$isposition to c]ta9 symbols & rites belong+ to t /age1 !n x is mu* m easy to accept !ory 7#a7 z an important factor 9 ! spread ( su* symbols & rites2 = cle>ly1 !n1 ! smalle/ g]m ( a cu/om or practice1 transport$ f "o c\ntry or p to ano!r at ! "r "t1 w\ld be suffici5t to wake ! developm5t or gr[? 9 "q & /imulate x into activity4 ,x w be se51 !re=e1 t ! important po9t t[>ds ! solution ( ?is :ole puzzl+ "q is ! discussion1 ( !ory 7#b7--;& to ?is !ory1 z illu/rat$ by ! _w-wide my? ( ! ,gold5 ,age1 ,i w n[ turn4 ,,ix4 ,,my? ,,( ,,! ,,gold5 ,,age ,! tradition ( a ,gold5 ,age is widespread ov] ! _w1 & x is n necess>y to g at any l5g? into ! /ory ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 & ! o!r leg5ds :i* 9 almo/ e c\ntry illu/rate ?is tradition4 ,)\t indulg+ 9 s5tim5t on ! subject we may hold x n unlikely t ! tradition is ju/ifi$ by ! remembrance1 among ! p ( e race1 ( a pre-civilization p]iod ( comp>ative h>mony & happ9ess :5 two ?+s1 :i* to-day we p]ceive to be ! prolific causes ( discord & mis]y1 7 abs5t or only weakly develop$--namely1 ,,prop]ty & ,,self-,,consci\sness4 7#a7 7#a7 ,= a full] work+ out ( ?is1 see ,civilisation3 its ,cause & ,cure1 by ,e4 ,c>p5t]1 *4 i4 ,dur+ ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c4 !re 0 a great spread ( ,messianic ,ideas ov] ! ,roman _w1 & ,virgil's #d? ,eclogue1 commonly call$ ! ,messianic ,eclogue1 reflects v cle>ly ?is /ate ( ! public m9d4 ,! expect$ babe 9 ! poem 0 to be ! son ( ,octavian 7,augu/us7 ! fir/ ,roman emp]or1 & a messianic halo surr\nd$ x 9 ,virgil's v]se4 ,un=tunately x turn$ out to be a ,,girl6 ,h[ev] !re is little d\bt t ,virgil did--9 t v sad age ( ! _w1 an age ( mis]y & massacre1 & 9 common ) ?\s&s ( o!rs--look = ! com+ ( a great 'r$eem]4' ,x 0 only a few ye>s e>li]--ab\t ,b4,c4 #gj--t ! great revolt ( ! %amefully maltreat$ ,roman slaves occurr$1 & t 9 rev5ge six ?\s& prison]s f ,sp>tacus' army 7 nail$ on crosses all ! way f ,rome to ,capua 7#aej miles74 ,b long be=e ?is ,hesiod _h record$ a pa/ ,gold5 ,age :5 life _h be5 graci\s 9 communal frat]nity & joyful 9 peace1 :5 human be+s & animals spoke ! same language1 :5 dea? _h foll[$ on sleep1 )\t old age or disease1 & aft] dea? m5 _h mov$ z good daimones or g5ii ov] ! l&s4 ,p9d>1 ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] ,hesiod1 _h confirm$ ! exi/5ce ( ! ,isl&s ( ! ,ble/1 :]e ! good l$ a blameless1 te>less1 life4 ,plato ! same1 7#a7 ) fur!r ref]5ces to ! fabl$ isl& ( ,atlantis2 ! ,egyptians believ$ 9 a =m] gold5 age "u ! god ,ra to :i* !y look$ back ) regret & envy2 ! ,p]sians _h a g>d5 ( ,ed5 simil> to t ( ! ,hebrews2 ! ,greeks a g>d5 ( ! ,hesp]ides1 9 :i* dwelt ! s]p5t ^: head 0 ultimately cru%$ b5ea? ! heel ( ,h]cules2 & s on4 ,! ref]5ces to a suppos$ f>-back /ate ( peace & happ9ess are inde$ num]\s4 7#a7 ,see arts4 by ,m>g>et ,s*oles1 ,sociali/ ,review1 ,nov4 & ,dec4 #aiab4 ,s mu* s t latt]ly1 & p>tly to expla9 _! preval5ce1 a !ory has be5 advanc$ :i* may be wor? :ile m5tion+4 ,x is call$ ! ,!ory ( intra-ut]9e ,bless$ness1 &1 remote z x may at fir/ appe>1 x c]ta9ly has "s claim = att5tion4 ,! !ory is t 9 ! m9ds ( mature p !re /ill rema9 c]ta9 vague memories ( _! pre-natal days 9 ! mat]nal womb--memories ( a life :i*1 ?\gh full ( gr[+ vigor & vitality1 0 yet at t "t "o ( absolute h>mony ) ! surr\nd+s1 & ( p]fect peace & cont5tm5t1 sp5t )9 ! body ( ! "m--! embryo inde$ /&+ 9 ! same relation to ! "m z ,/4 ,paul says ,,we /& to ,god1 ,,9 :om we live & move & h our be+2 & t ^! vague memories ( ! intra-ut]9e life 9 ! individual are ref]r$ back by ! mature m9d to a pa/ age 9 ! life ( ! ,,race4 ,?\gh x w\ld n be easy at pres5t to positively confirm ?is !ory1 yet "o may say t x is nei!r improbable nor unwor?y ( consid]ation2 also t x be>s a c]ta9 lik5ess to ! =m] ones ab\t ! ,ed5-g>d5s1 etc4 ,! well-kn[n p>allelism ( ! ,individual hi/ory ) ! ,race-hi/ory1 ! recapitulation by ! embryo ( ! developm5t ( ! race1 does 9 fact af=d an additional argum5t = its favorable reception4 ,^! consid]ations1 & :at we h said s (t5 9 ! =ego+ *apt]s ab\t ! unity ( ! ,animals 7& ,e>ly ,man7 ) ,nature1 & _! in/9ctive & age-long adju/m5t to ! conditions ( ! _w ar\nd !m1 br+ u up h>d & fa/ aga9/ ! foll[+ conclusions1 :i* ,i ?9k we %all f9d difficult to avoid4 ,we all recognize ! extraord9>y grace & beauty1 9 _! diff]5t ways1 ( ! 7wild7 animals2 & n only _! beauty b ! extreme fitness ( _! actions & habits to _! surr\nd+s--_! subtle & p5etrat+ ,intellig5ce 9 fact4 ,only we d n g5]ally use ! ^w ,intellig5ce4 ,we use ano!r ^w 7,in/9ct7--& rightly p]haps1 because _! actions are pla9ly n ! result ( def9ite self-consci\s reason+1 su* z we use1 c>ri$ out by ea* individual2 b are 7z has be5 abundantly prov$ by ,samuel ,butl] & o!rs7 ! sy/ematic expression ( exp]i5ces ga!r$ up & sort$ out & h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation 9 ! bosom ( ! race--an ,intellig5ce 9 fact1 or ,insight1 ( l>g] subtl] scope ?an ! o!r1 & belong+ to ! tribal or racial ,be+ r ?an to ! isolat$ individual--a sup]-consci\sness 9 fact1 ramify+ af> 9 space & "t4 ,b if we all[ 7z we mu/7 ?is unity & p]fection ( nature1 & ?is some:at cosmic "* ( ! m9d1 to exi/ among ! ,animals1 we c h>dly refuse to believe t !re mu/ h be5 a p]iod :5 ,man1 too1 h>dly z yet diff]5tiat$ f !m1 did himself possess ^! same qualities--p]haps ev5 9 great] degree ?an ! animals--( grace & beauty ( body1 p]fection ( movem5t & action1 in/9ctive p]ception & k 7( c\rse 9 limit$ sph]es72 & a p]iod :5 he possess$ above all a s5se ( unity ) 8 fell[s & ) surr\nd+ ,nature :i* became ! gr\nd ( a common consci\sness betwe5 himself & 8 tribe1 simil> to t :i* ,maet]l9ck1 9 ! case ( ! ,bees1 calls ! ,_s ( ! ,hive4 7#a7 ,x w\ld be difficult1 nay impossible1 to suppose t human be+s on _! fir/ appe>ance =m$ an entire exception 9 ! process ( evolution1 or t !y 7 completely lack+ 9 ! v graces & faculties :i* we s admire 9 ! animals--only ( c\rse we see t 7,,l ! animals7 !y w\ld n be ,,self-consci\s 9 ^! matt]s1 & :at p]ception !y _h ( _! relations to ea* o!r or to ! _w ar\nd !m w\ld be l>gely in>ticulate & ,,sub-consci\s--?\gh none ! less real = t4 7#a7 ,see ,! ,life ( ! ,bee by ,maurice ,maet]l9ck2 & = num]\s simil> cases among o!r animals1 ,p4 ,kropotk9's ,mutual ,aid3 a factor 9 ,evolution4 ,let u !n grant ?is prelim9>y assumption--& x cle>ly is n a l>ge or haz>d\s "o--& :at foll[s8 ,x foll[s--s9ce to-day discord is ! rule1 & ,man has c]ta9ly lo/ ! grace1 bo? physical & m5tal1 ( ! animals--t at "s p]iod a break mu/ h occurr$ 9 ! evolution-process1 a discont9uity--simil> p]haps to t :i* occurs 9 ! life ( a *ild at ! mom5t :5 x is born into ! _w4 ,humanity took a new dep>ture2 b a dep>ture :i* = ! mom5t 0 signaliz$ z a ,,loss--! loss ( its =m] h>mony & self-adju/m5t4 ,& ! cause or accompanim5t ( ?is *ange 0 ! gr[? ( ,self-consci\sness4 ,into ! g5]al consci\sness ( ! tribe 79 relation to its environm5t7 :i* 9 fact _h con/itut$ ! m5tality ( ! animals & ( man up to ?is /age1 !re n[ 0 intrud$ ano!r k9d ( consci\sness1 a consci\sness c5t]+ r\nd ea* little individual self & conc]n$ almo/ entirely ) ! int]e/s ( ! latt]4 ,"h 0 evid5tly a ?reat to ! cont9uance ( ! =m] happy conditions4 ,x 0 l ! appe>ance ( innum]able little ulc]s 9 a human body--a m5ace :i* if cont9u$ w\ld inevitably lead to ! break-up ( ! body4 ,x meant loss ( tribal h>mony & nature-adju/m5t4 ,x meant in/ead ( unity a myriad conflict+ c5tres2 x meant ali5ation f ! _s ( ! tribe1 ! sep>ation ( man f man1 discord1 recrim9ation1 & ! fatal unfold+ ( ! s5se ( s94 ,! process symboliz$ itself 9 ! leg5d ( ! ,fall4 ,man ate ( ! ,tree ( ! k ( good & evil4 ,sometimes p wond] :y k ( any k9d--& especially ! k ( good & evil--%\ld h br\ght a curse4 ,b ! reason is obvi\s4 ,into1 ! placid & h>moni\s life ( ! animal & human tribes fulfill+ _! days 9 ob$i5ce to ! sl[ evolutions & age-long m&ates ( nature1 ,self-consci\sness broke ) its inconv5i5t & impossible qu]y3 ,h[ d ^! arrangem5ts suit ,,me8 ,are !y good = me1 are !y evil = me8 ,i want to "k4 ,i ,,w ,,"k6 ,evid5tly k 7su* k z we und]/& by ! ^w7 only began1 & c\ld only beg91 by qu]ies relat+ to ! little local self4 ,!re 0 no o!r way = x to beg94 ,k & self-consci\sness 7 born1 z tw9s1 toge!r4 ,k !re=e meant ,s9 7#a72 = self-consci\sness meant s9 7& x means s9 to-day74 ,s9 is ,sep>ation4 ,t is probably 7?\gh disput$7 ! etymology ( ! ^w--t :i* sund]s4 7#b7 ,! ess5ce ( s9 is "o's sep>ation f ! :ole 7! tribe or ! god7 ( :i* "o is a "p4 ,& k--:i* sep>ates subject f object1 & 9 its inception is necess>ily occupi$ ) ! 'good & evil' ( ! little local self1 is ! great eng9e ( ?is sep>ation4 7,m>k6 ,i say no?+ ,,aga9/ ?is association ( ,self-consci\sness ) ',s9' 7s-call$7 & ',k' 7s-call$74 ,! gr[? ( all ?ree toge!r is an absolutely necess>y "p ( human evolution1 & to rail aga9/ x w\ld be absurd4 ,b we may z well op5 our eyes & see ! fact /raight in/ead ( bl9k+ x47 ,! culm9ation ( ! process & ! fulfilm5t ( ! 'curse' we may wat* to-day 9 ! t[]+ expansion ( ! self-consci\s individualiz$ ,intellect--sci5ce z ! h&maid ( human ,gre$ deva/at+ ! habitable _w & de/roy+ its unwor?y civilization4 ,& ! process mu/ g on--necess>ily mu/ g on--until ,self-consci\sness1 ceas+ its va9 que/ 7va9 9 bo? s5ses7 = ! sep>ate dom9ation ( life1 surr5d]s itself back aga9 into ! arms ( ! ,"m-consci\sness f :i* x orig9ally sprang--surr5d]s itself back1 n to be m]g$ 9 non5tity1 b to be affiliat$ 9 lov+ dep5d5ce on & h>mony ) ! cosmic life4 7#a7 ,comp>e also o!r my?s1 l ,cupid & ,psy*e1 ,loh5gr9 etc41 9 :i* a fatal curiosity leads to trag$y4 7#b7 ,g]man ,sunde1 s91 & sond]1 sep>at$2 ,dut* zonde1 s92 ,lat9 sons1 guilty4 ,n unlikely t ! ,g]man root ,suhn1 expiation1 is connect$2 ,suhn-bock1 a scape-goat4 ,all ?is ,i h dealt ) 9 f> m detail 9 ,civilization3 its ,cause & ,cure1 & 9 ,! ,art ( ,creation2 b ,i h only repeat$ ! outl9e ( x z above1 because "s su* outl9e is necess>y = ! prop] ord]+ & und]/&+ ( ! po9ts :i* foll[4 ,we are n conc]n$ n[ ) ! ultimate effects ( ! ',fall' ( ,man or ) ! pres5t-day fulfilm5t ( ! ,ed5-curse4 ,:at we want to und]/& is h[ ! ',fall' into self-consci\sness l$ to t great panorama ( ,ritual & ,religion :i* we h v briefly describ$ & summ>iz$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s ( ?is book4 ,we want = ! pres5t to fix our att5tion on ! ,,comm5cem5t ( t process by :i* man laps$ away f 8 liv+ community ) ,nature & 8 fell[s into ! des]t ( discord & toil1 :ile ! angels ( ! flam+ sword clos$ ! gates ( ,p>adise beh9d him4 ,x is evid5t ,i ?9k t 9 t 'gold5' /age :5 man 0 simply ! cr[n & p]fection ( ! animals--& x is h>dly possible to refuse ! belief 9 su* a /age--he possess$ 9 reality all ! ess5tials ( ,religion4 7#a7 ,x is n necess>y to s5tim5talize ov] him2 he 0 probably raw & crude 9 8 lu/s ( hung] & ( sex2 he 0 c]ta9ly ignorant & sup]/iti\s2 he lov$ fight+ ) & p]secut+ 'enemies' 7:i* ?+s ( c\rse all religions to-day--except p]haps ! ,buddhi/--love to d72 he 0 dom9at$ (t5 by unreason+ ,fe>1 & 0 consequ5tly cruel4 ,yet he 0 full ( t ,fai? :i* ! animals h to su* an admirable degree--unhesitat+ fai? 9 ! inn] prompt+s ( 8 ,,own nature2 he _h ! joy :i* comes ( ab\nd+ vitality1 spr++ up l a f\nta9 ^: outlet is free & unh9d]$2 he rejoic$ 9 an untr\bl$ & unbrok5 s5se ( unity ) 8 ,tribe1 & 9 elaborate social & fri5dly in/itutions )9 its bord]s2 he _h a m>vel\s s5se-acut5ess t[>ds ,nature & a gift 9 t direction v]g+ t[>ds second-sight2 /r5g!n$ by a conviction--:i* _h nev] become ,,consci\s because x _h nev] be5 ,,que/ion$--( 8 own p]sonal relation to ! ?+s outside him1 ! ,e>?1 ! ,sky1 ! ,vegetation1 ! ,animals4 ,( su* a ,man we get glimpses 9 ! f> pa/--?\gh inde$ only glimpses1 = ! simple reason t all our k ( him comes ?r\gh civiliz$ *annels2 & :]ev] civilization has t\*$ ^! e>ly peoples x has already )]$ & corrupt$ !m1 ev5 be=e x has _h ! s5se to prop]ly obs]ve !m4 ,x is suffici5t1 h[ev]1 j to m5tion peoples l "s ( ! e>ly ,pacific ,isl&]s1 ! ,zulus & ,kafirs ( ,s\? ,africa1 ! ,fans ( ! ,congo ,region 7( :om ,w9wood ,reade 7#b7 speaks s highly71 "s ( ! ,malaysian & ,himalayan tribes1 ! primitive ,*9ese1 & ev5 ! evid5ce ) reg>d to ! neoli?ic peoples ( ,europe1 7#c7 9 ord] to %[ :at ,i mean4 7#a7 ,see ,s4 ,re9a*1 ,cults1 ,my?s1 etc41 introduction3 ,! primitive life ( humanity1 9 s f> z x is n purely animal1 is religi\s4 ,religion is ! p>5t /em :i* has ?r[n (f1 "o by "o1 art1 agriculture1 law1 morality1 politics1 etc4 7#b7 ,savage ,africa1 *4 xxxvii4 7#c7 ,see ,kropotk9's ,mutual ,aid1 *4 iii4 ,p]haps "o ( ! be/ ideas ( ! gulf ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! semi-civiliz$ & ! q primal man is giv5 by ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace 9 8 ,life 7,vol4 i1 p4 #bhh73 ,a mo/ unexpect$ s5sation ( surprise & delight 0 my fir/ meet+ & liv+ ) man 9 a /ate ( nature ) absolute uncontam9at$ savages6 ,?is 0 on ! ,uaupes riv]4444 ,!y 7 all go+ ab\t _! own "w or pleasure1 :i* _h no?+ to d ) ! :ite m5 or _! ways2 !y walk$ ) ! free /ep ( ! indep5d5t =e/-dwell]444 orig9al & self-su/a9+ z ! wild animals ( ! =e/s1 absolutely indep5d5t ( civilization444 liv+ _! own lives 9 _! own way1 z !y _h done = c\ntless g5]ations be=e ,am]ica 0 discov]$4 ,inde$ ! true d5iz5 ( ! ,amazonian =e/s1 l ! =e/ itself1 is unique & n to be =gott54 ,else:]e 7#c7 ,wallace speaks ( ! quiet1 good-natur$1 in(f5sive "* ( ^! copp]-color$ peoples1 & ( _! quickness ( h& & skill1 & cont9ues3 _! figures are g5]ally sup]b2 & ,i h nev] felt s mu* pleasure 9 gaz+ at ! f9e/ /atue z at ^! liv+ illu/rations ( ! beauty ( ! human =m4 7#c7 ,travels on ! ,amazon 7#ahec71 *4 xvii4 ,?\gh "s ( ! peoples j m5tion$ may be said to belong to diff]5t grades or /ages ( human evolution & physically "s no d\bt 7 f> sup]ior to o!rs1 yet !y mo/ly exhibit ?is simple grace ( ! bodily & m5tal organism1 z well z t clos5ess ( tribal solid>ity ( :i* ,i h spok54 ,! imm5se antiquity1 ( ! clan organization1 z %[n by inve/igations into e>ly m>riage1 po9ts to ! latt] conclusion4 ,travell]s among ,bu%m51 ,hott5tots1 ,fuegians1 ,esquimaux1 ,papuans & o!r peoples--peoples :o h be5 pu%$ aside into unfavorable areas by ! invasion ( m w>like & bett]-equipp$ races1 & :o h suff]$ physically 9 consequ5ce--confirm ?is4 ,kropotk91 speak+ ( ! ,hott5tots1 quotes ! ,g]man au?or ,p4 ,kolb5 :o travell$ among !m 9 #abge or s4 ,he knew ! ,hott5tots well & did n pass by _! defects 9 sil5ce1 b c\ld n praise _! tribal morality highly en\gh4 ,_! ^w is sacr$1 he wrote1 !y "k no?+ ( ! corruption & fai?less arts ( ,europe4 ,!y live 9 great tranquillity & are seldom at w> ) _! neighbors1 & are all k9dness & goodwill to "o ano!r4 7#a7 ,kropotk9 fur!r says3 ,let me rem>k t :5 ,kolb5 says '!y are c]ta9ly ! mo/ fri5dly1 ! mo/ lib]al & ! mo/ b5evol5t p to "o ano!r t ev] appe>$ on ! e>?' he wrote a s5t5ce :i* has cont9ually appe>$ s9ce 9 ! description ( savages4 ,:5 fir/ meet+ ) primitive races1 ! ,europeans usually make a c>icature ( _! life2 b :5 an intellig5t man has /ay$ among !m = a long] "t he g5]ally describes !m z ! 'k9de/' or ! 'g5tle/' race on ! e>?4 ,^! v same words h be5 appli$ to ! ,o/yaks1 ! ,samoy$es1 ! ,eskimos1 ! ,dyaks1 ! ,aleuts1 ! ,papuans1 & s on1 by ! highe/ au?orities4 ,i also rememb] hav+ read !m appli$ to ! ,tunguses1 ! ,t*ukt*is1 ! ,si\x1 & sev]al o!rs4 ,! v frequ5cy ( t high comm5dation already speaks volumes 9 itself4 7#b7 7#a7 ,p4 ,kropotk91 ,mutual ,aid1 p4 #ij4 ,w4 ,j4 ,solias also speaks 9 t]ms ( ! highe/ praise ( ! ,bu%m5--_! en]gy1 pati5ce1 c\rage1 loyalty1 affection1 good mann]s & arti/ic s5se 7,anci5t ,hunt]s1 #aiae1 p4 #dbe74 7#b7 ,ibid1 p4 #ia4 ,_m ( ! tribes1 l ! ,aleuts1 ,eskimos1 ,dyaks1 ,papuans1 ,fuegians1 etc41 are !mselves 9 ! ,neoli?ic /age ( culture--?\gh = ! reason giv5 above probably deg5]at$ physically f ! /&>d ( _! neoli?ic ance/ors2 & s ! conclusion is =c$ ^u "o t !re mu/ h be5 an ,,imm5se ,,p]iod1 7#a7 prior to ! fir/ beg9n+s ( 'civilization1' 9 :i* ! human tribes 9 g5]al l$ a peaceful & fri5dly life on ! e>?1 comp>atively little brok5 up by diss5sions1 9 close contact ) ,nature & 9 t degree ( sympa?y ) & und]/&+ ( ! ,animals :i* l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,totem sy/em4 ,?\gh x w\ld be absurd to cr$it ^! tribes ) any great degree ( com=t & well-be+ accord+ to our mod]n /&>ds1 yet we may well suppose t ! memory ( ?is long p]iod l+]$ on = g5]ations & g5]ations & 0 ultimately idealiz$ into ! ,gold5 ,age1 9 contra/ to ! succe$+ p]iod ( ev]la/+ w>f>e1 rancor & /rife1 :i* came 9 ) ! gr[? ( ,prop]ty ) its gre$s & jeal\sies1 & ! acc5tuation ( ,self-consci\sness ) all its vanities & ambitions4 7#a7 ,see = e/imates ( p]iods *4 xiv2 also1 = ! peacefulness ( ^! e>ly peoples1 ,havelock ,ellis on ,! ,orig9 ( ,w>1 :]e he says ,we d n f9d ! ,,weapons ( w>f>e or ! ,,w\nds ( w>f>e among ^! ,palaeoli?ic rema9s 444 x 0 ) civilization t ! art ( kill+ develop$1 i4 e4 )9 ! la/ #aj1jjj or #ab1jjj ye>s :5 ,neoli?ic m5 7:o became our ance/ors7 7 j arriv+4 ,i say t ea* tribe at ?is e>ly /age ( developm5t _h )9 x ! ,,ess5tials ( :at we call ,religion--namely a b$rock s5se ( its community ) ,nature1 & ( ! ,common life among its memb]s--a s5se s intimate & fundam5tal t x 0 h>dly aw>e ( itself 7any m ?an ! fi% is aw>e ( ! sea 9 :i* x lives71 b yet 0 really ! matrix ( tribal ?\ght & ! spr+ ( tribal action4 ,x 0 ?is s5se ( unity :i* 0 de/9$ by ! gr[? ( ,,self-,,consci\sness to come to light & evid5ce 9 ! %ape ( all mann] ( rituals & c]emonials2 & by ! gr[? ( ! ,,imag9ative ,,intellect to embody itself 9 ! figures & =ms ( all mann] ( deities4 ,let u exam9e into ?is a little m closely4 ,a l>k so>+ 9 ! eye ( ! sun1 & s++ rapt betwe5 its heav5 & home realizes no d\bt 9 actual fact all t ^? two words mean to u2 yet its realization is q subconsci\s4 ,x does n def9e its own exp]i5ce3 x ,,feels b x does n ,,?9k4 ,9 ord] to come to ! /age ( ,,?9k+ x w\ld p]haps be necess>y t ! l>k %\ld be exil$ f ! e>? & ! sky1 & conf9$ 9 a cage4 ,e>ly ,man ,,felt ! great tru?s & realities ( ,life--(t5 ,i believe m purely ?an we d--b he c\ld n give =m to 8 exp]i5ce4 ,,t /age came :5 he began to lose t\* ) ^! realities2 & x %[$ itself 9 rites & c]emonials4 ,! inbreak ( self-consci\sness br\ght ,,out ! facts ( 8 inn] life into rituali/ic & aft]w>ds into intellectual =ms4 ,let me give examples4 ,= a long "t ! ,tribe is all 9 all2 ! individual is completely subject to ! ',_s ( ! ,hive'2 he does n ev5 ,,?9k ( contrav5+ x4 ,!n ! day comes :5 self-int]e/1 z ap>t f ! ,tribe1 becomes suffici5tly /rong to drive him aga9/ "s tribal cu/om4 ,he breaks ! tabu2 he eats ! =bidd5 apple2 he s9s aga9/ ! tribe1 & is ca/ out4 ,sudd5ly he f9ds himself an exile1 lonely1 condemn$ & des]t$4 ,a horrible s5se ( di/ress seizes him--some?+ ( :i* he _h no exp]i5ce be=e4 ,he tries to ?9k ab\t x all1 to und]/& ! situation1 b is daz$ & _c arrive at any conclusion4 ,8 "o ,,necessity is ,reconciliation1 ,atonem5t4 ,he f9ds he _c ,,live outside ( & ali5at$ f 8 tribe4 ,he makes a ,sacrifice1 an (f]+ to 8 fell[s1 z a seal ( s9c]ity--an (f]+ ( 8 own bodily suff]+ or preci\s blood1 or ! blood ( "s food-animal1 or "s valuable gift or o!r--if only he may be all[$ to return4 ,! (f]+ is accept$4 ,! ritual is p]=m$2 & he is receiv$ back4 ,i h already spok5 ( ?is p]fectly natural evolution ( ! tw9-ideas ( ,s9 & ,sacrifice1 s ,i ne$ n enl>ge ^u ! subject4 ,b two ?+s we may note "h3 7#a7 t ! ritual1 be+ s concrete 7& (t5 sev]e71 graves itself on ! m9ds ( ^? conc]n$1 & expresses ! feel+s ( ! tribe1 ) an int5sity & %>pness ( outl9e :i* no words c\ld rival1 & 7#b7 t su* rituals may h1 & probably did1 come into use ev5 :ile language itself 0 9 an infantile condition & incapable ( deal+ ) ! psy*ological situation except by symbols4 ,!y1 ! rituals1 7 ! fir/ ef=t ( ! primitive m9d to get beyond1 subconsci\s feel+ & em]ge into a _w ( =ms & def9ite ?\ght4 ,let u c>ry ! p>ticul> in/ance1 giv5 above1 a /age f>!r1 ev5 to ! conf9es ( ab/ract ,?\ght & ,philosophy4 ,i h spok5 ( ,! ,_s ( ! ,hive z if ! t]m 7 applicable to ! ,human z well z to ! ,bee tribe4 ,! individual bee obvi\sly has nev] ,,?\ght ab\t t ',_s1' nor m5tally und]/ood :at ,maet]l9ck means by x2 & yet 9 t]ms ( actual exp]i5ce x is an int5se reality to ! bee 7orda9+ = in/ance on "s fateful day ! slaught] ( all ! drones71 controll+ bee-movem5ts & bee-morality g5]ally4 ,! individual tribesman simil>ly /eep$ 9 ! age-long human life ( 8 fell[s has nev] ?\ght ( ! ,tribe z an orda9+ be+ or ,_s1 sep>ate f himself--,,till t day :5 he is exil$ & outca/ f x4 ,,!n he sees himself & ! tribe z two oppos+ be+s1 himself ( c\rse an ,intellig5ce or ,_s 9 8 own limit$ degree1 ! ,tribe z a mu* great] ,intellig5ce or ,_s1 /&+ aga9/ & ov] him4 ,f t day ! conception ( a god arises on him4 ,x may be only a totem-god--a div9e ,grizzly-,be> or :at n--b /ill a god or sup]natural ,pres5ce1 embodi$ 9 ! life ( ! tribe4 ,?is is :at ,s9 has taught him4 7#a7 ,?is is :at ,fe>1 f\nd$ on self-consci\sness1 has reveal$ to him4 ,! revelation may be true1 or x may be fallaci\s 7,i d n prejudge x72 b !re x is--! beg9n+ ( t long s]ies ( human evolutions :i* we call ,religion4 7#a7 ,x is to be not$1 9 t *>m+ idyll ( ! ,ed5 g>d51 t x is only ,,aft] eat+ ( ! =bidd5 fruit t ,adam & ,eve p]ceive ! ,"l ,god walk+ 9 ! g>d51 & conv]se ) him 7,g5esis iii4 #h74 7,= :5 ! human m9d has rea*$ t /age ( consci\sness 9 :i* ea* man realizes 8 own 'self' z a rational & consi/5t be+1 look+ be=e & aft]1 !n1 z ,i h said already1 ! m9d projects on ! backgr\nd ( ,nature simil>ly rational ,pres5ces :i* we may call ',gods'2 & at t /age ',religion' beg9s4 ,be=e t1 :5 ! m9d is q un=m$ & dream-l1 & consi/s *iefly ( brok5 & scatt]$ rays1 & :5 di/9ct self-consci\sness is h>dly yet develop$1 !n ! pres5ces imag9$ 9 ,nature are m]ely flick]+ & int]mitt5t phantoms1 & _! propitiation & placation comes m prop]ly "u1 ! head ( ',magic4'7 ,s mu* = ! g5esis ( ! religi\s ideas ( ,s9 & ,sacrifice1 & ! rites connect$ ) ^! ideas--_! g5esis ?r\gh ! 9-break ( self-consci\sness ^u ! corporate ,,sub-consci\sness ( ! life ( ! ,community4 ,b an exactly simil> process may be obs]v$ 9 ! case ( ! o!r religi\s ideas4 ,i spoke ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,,second ,,bir?1 & ! rites connect$ ) x bo? 9 ,paganism & 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re is mu* to %[ t among q primitive peoples !re is less ( %r9k+ f dea? & m ( c]ta9ty ab\t a cont9u$ life aft] dea? ?an we g5]ally f9d among m intellectual & civiliz$ folk4 ,x is1 or has be51 q1 common among _m tribes = ! old & decrepit1 :o are becom+ a burd5 to _! fell[s1 to (f] !mselves = happy dispat*1 & to take will+ "p 9 ! c]emonial prep>ations = _! own ext9ction2 & ?is read9ess is enc\rag$ by _! nai3ve & untr\bl$ belief 9 a spe$y transf]5ce to happy hunt+-gr\nds beyond ! grave4 ,! tru? is t :51 z 9 su* cases1 ! tribal life is v :ole & unbrok5--ea* individual id5tify+ himself completely ) ! tribe--! idea ( ! individual's be+ dropp$ out at dea?1 & left beh9d by ! tribe1 h>dly arises4 ,! individual is ! tribe1 has no o!r exi/5ce4 ,! tribe goes on1 liv+ a life :i* is et]nal1 & only *anges its hunt+-gr\nds2 & ! individual1 id5tifi$ ) ! tribe1 feels 9 "s subconsci\s way ! same ab\t himself4 ,b :5 "o memb] has brok5 fai? ) ! tribe1 :5 he has s9n$ aga9/ x & become an outca/--ah6 !n ! t]rors ( dea? & ext9ction loom l>ge ^u him4 ,! wages ( s9 is dea?4 ,!re comes a p]iod 9 ! evolution ( tribal life :5 ! primitive bonds are loos5+1 :5 ! t5d5cy t[>ds ,,self-w & ,,self-det]m9ation 7s necess>y ( c\rse 9 ! long run = ! evolution ( humanity7 becomes a real dang] to ! tribe1 & a t]ror to ! wise m5 & eld]s ( ! community4 ,x is se5 t ! *ildr5 inh]it ?is t5d5cy--ev5 f _! infancy4 ,!y are no long] m]e animals1 easily h]d$2 x seems t !y are born 9 s9--or at lea/ 9 ignorance & neglect ( _! tribal life & call+4 ,! only cure is t !y ,,mu/ ,,be ,,born ,,aga94 ,!y mu/ delib]ately & ( set purpose be adopt$ into ! tribe1 & be made to realize1 ev5 sev]ely1 9 _! own p]sons :at is happ5+4 ,!y mu/ g ?r\gh ! initiations necess>y to impress ?is ^u !m4 ,?us a :ole s]ies ( solemn rites spr+ up1 diff]5t no d\bt 9 e locality1 b all hav+ ! same object & purpose4 7,& "o c und]/& h[ ! necessity ( su* initiations & second bir? may easily h be5 itself felt 9 e race1 at "s /age ( its evolution--& ,,t q z a spontane\s gr[?1 & indep5d5tly ( any contagion ( example caught f o!r races47 ,! same may be said ab\t ! _w-wide practice ( ! ,eu*>i/4 ,no m effective me?od exi/s = impress+ on ! memb]s ( a body _! community ( life ) ea* o!r1 & caus+ !m to =get _! jangl+ self-int]e/s1 ?an to hold a fea/ 9 common4 ,x is a me?od :i* has be5 honor$ 9 all ages z well z to-day4 ,b :5 ! fle% p>tak5 ( at ! fea/ is t ( ! ,totem--! gu>dian & presid+ g5ius ( ! tribe--or p]haps ( "o ( its *ief food-animals--!n cle>ly ! fea/ takes on a holy & solemn "*4 ,x becomes a sacram5t ( unity--( ! unity ( all ) ! tribe1 & ) ea* o!r4 ,self-int]e/s & self-consci\sness are = ! "t subm]g$1 & ! common life ass]ts itself2 b "h aga9 we see t a cu/om l ?is w\ld n come into be+ z a delib]ate rite ,,until self-consci\sness & ! divisions consequ5t !reon _h gr[n to be an obvi\s evil4 ,! h]d-animals 7c[s1 %eep1 & s =?7 d n h ,eu*>i/s1 simply because !y are s5sible en\gh to fe$ along ! same pa/ures )\t qu>rell+ ov] ! ri*e/ tufts ( grass4 ,:5 ! fle% p>tak5 ( 7ei!r actually or symbolically7 is n t ( a div9iz$ animal1 b ! fle% ( a human-=m$ god--z 9 ! my/]ies ( ,dionysus or ,osiris or ,*ri/--!n we are l$ to suspect 7& ( c\rse ?is !ory is widely held & support$7 t ! rites date f a v f>-back p]iod :5 a human be+1 z repres5tative ( ! tribe1 0 actually sla91 dismemb]$ & p>tly dev\r$2 ?\gh z "t w5t on1 ! rite gradually became gloss$ ov] & mitigat$ into a love-communion ?r\gh ! %>+ ( bread & w9e4 ,x is curi\s anyh[ t ! dismemb]m5t or division into fragm5ts ( ! body ( a god 7z 9 ! case ( ,dionysus1 ,osiris1 ,attis1 ,praja'pati & o!rs7 %\ld be s frequ5t a t5et ( ! old religions1 & s commonly associat$ ) a love-fea/ ( reconciliation & resurrection4 ,x may be fairly int]pret$ z a symbol ( ,nature-dismemb]m5t 9 ,w9t] & resurrection 9 ,spr+2 b we mu/ also n =get t x may 7& inde$ mu/7 h /ood z an allegory ( ,,tribal dismemb]m5t & reconciliation--! tribe1 conceiv$ ( z a div9ity1 hav+ ?us suff]$ & di$ ?r\gh ! inbreak ( s9 & ! self-motive1 & ris5 aga9 into :ol5ess by ! r$emption ( love & sacrifice4 ,:atev] view ! rank & file ( ! tribe may h tak5 ( ! matt]1 ,i ?9k x is inconte/able t ! m ?\ghtful reg>d$ ^! rites z full ( my/ic & spiritual mean+4 ,x is ( ! nature1 z ,i h said be=e1 ( ^! e>ly symbols & c]emonies t !y held s _m mean+s 9 solution2 & x is ?is fact :i* gave !m a poetic or creative quality1 & _! great hold ^u ! public m9d4 ,i use ! ^w tribe 9 _m places "h z a matt] ( conv5i5ce2 n =gett+ h[ev] t 9 "s cases clan might be m appropriate1 z ref]r+ to a section ( a tribe2 or p or folk z ref]r+ to unions ( ,,sev]al tribes4 ,x is impossible ( c\rse to foll[ out all ! gradations ( organization f tribal up to national life2 b x may be rememb]$ t :ile animal totems prevail z a rule 9 ! e>li] /ages1 human-=m$ gods become m conspicu\s 9 ! lat] developm5ts4 ,all ?r\gh1 ! practice ( ! ,eu*>i/ goes on1 9 v>y+ =ms adapt+ itself to ! surr\nd+ conditions2 & :]e 9 ! lat] societies a religion l ,mi?raism or ,*ri/ianity includes p ( v v>i\s race1 ! ,rite loses q naturally its tribal significance & becomes a celebration ( allegiance to a p>ticul> god--( unity )9 a special ,*ur*1 9 fact4 ,ultimately x may become--z = a brief mom5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians x seem$ likely to d--a celebration ( allegiance to all ,humanity1 irrespective ( race or cre$ or color ( sk9 or ( m9d3 ?\gh un=tunately t day seems /ill f> di/ant & rema9s yet unrealiz$4 ,x mu/ n be ov]look$1 h[ev]1 t ! religion ( ! ,p]sian ,bab1 fir/ promulgat$ 9 #ahde to #ahej--;& a subject ,i %all deal ) pres5tly--_h z a matt] ( fact ?is all embrac+ & univ]sal scope4 ,to return to ! ,gold5 ,age or ,g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,our conclusion seems to be t !re really 0 su* a p]iod ( comp>ative h>mony 9 human life--to :i* lat] g5]ations 7 ju/ifi$ 9 look+ back1 & look+ back ) regret4 ,x correspond$ 9 ! psy*ology ( human ,evolution to /age ,"o4 ,! second /age 0 t ( ! ,fall2 & s "o is inevitably l$ to ! conjecture & ! hope t a ?ird /age w r$eem ! e>? & its inhabitants to a condition ( comp>ative bless$ness4 ,x4 ,,! ,,savi\r-,,god ,,& ,,! ,,virg9-,,"m ,f ! consid]ation ( ! _w-wide belief 9 a pa/ ,gold5 ,age1 & ! _w-wide practice ( ! ,eu*>i/1 9 ! s5se indicat$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 to t ( ! equally widespread belief 9 a human-div9e ,savi\r1 is a brief & easy /ep4 ,"s ?irty ye>s ago1 deal+ ) ?is subject1 7#a7 ,i wrote z foll[s3--,! true ,self ( man consi/s 9 8 organic relation ) ! :ole body ( 8 fell[s2 & :5 ! man ab&ons 8 true ,self he ab&ons also 8 true relation to 8 fell[s4 ,! mass-,man mu/ rule 9 ea* unit-man1 else ! unit-man w drop (f & die4 ,b :5 ! out] man tries to sep>ate himself f ! inn]1 ! unit-man f ! mass-,man1 !n ! reign ( individuality beg9s--a false & impossible individuality ( c\rse1 b ! only means ( com+ to ! consci\sness ( ! true individuality4 ,& fur!r1 ,?us ?is div9ity 9 ea* creature1 be+ t :i* con/itutes x & causes x to coh]e toge!r1 0 conceiv$ ( z t creature's savi\r1 heal]--heal] ( w\nds ( body & w\nds ( he>t--! ,man )9 ! man1 :om x 0 n only possible to "k1 b :om to "k & be unit$ ) 0 ! alone salvation4 ,?is1 ,i take x1 0 ! law ( heal?--& ( hol9ess--z accept$ at "s eld] "t ( human hi/ory1 & by u se5 z ?r\gh a glass d>kly4 7#a7 ,see ,civilisation3 its ,cause & ,cure1 *4 i4 ,i ?9k x is impossible n to see--h[ev] mu* 9 our pride ( ,civilization 767 we l to je] at ! pett9esses ( tribal life--t ^! eld] p p]ceiv$ z a matt] ( fact & direct consci\sness ! r$eem+ pres5ce 7)9 ea* unit-memb] ( ! gr\p7 ( ! l>g] life to :i* he belong$4 ,?is l>g] life 0 a reality--a ,pres5ce to be felt & kn[n2 & :e!r he call$ x by ! "n ( a ,totem-animal1 or by ! "n ( a ,nature-div9ity1 or by ! "n ( "s graci\s human-limb$ ,god--"s ,h]cules1 ,mi?ra1 ,attis1 ,orpheus1 or :at-n--or ev5 by ! great "n ( ,humanity itself1 x 0 /ill 9 any case ! ,savi\r1 ! liv+ inc>nate ,be+ by ! realization ( ^: pres5ce ! little mortal c\ld be lift$ out ( exile & error & dea? & suff]+ into spl5dor & life et]nal4 ,x is impossible1 ,i ?9k1 n to see t ! myriad wor%ip ( ,savi\rs all ov] ! _w1 f ,*9a to ,p]u1 c only be ascrib$ to ! natural work+ ( "s su* law ( human & tribal psy*ology--f e>lie/ times & 9 all races ! same--spr++ up q spontane\sly & indep5d5tly1 & 7s f>7 unaffect$ by ! m]e contagion ( local tradition4 ,to suppose t ! ,devil1 long be=e ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 put ! idea into ! heads ( all ^! e>li] folk1 is really to pay ,,too great a complim5t bo? to ! p[] & ! +5uity ( 8 ,satanic ,maje/y--?\gh ! +5uity ) :i* ! e>ly ,*ur* ,,did itself suppress all in=mation ab\t ^! pre-,*ri/ian ,savi\rs almo/ rivals t :i* x cr$it$ to ,satan6 ,& on ! o!r h& to suppose ?is m>vell\s & univ]sal cons5t ( belief to h sprung by m]e contagion f "o accid5tal s\rce w\ld seem equally f>-fet*$ & unlikely4 ,b almo/ m rem>kable ?an ! _w-encircl+ belief 9 human-div9e ,savi\rs is ! equally widespread leg5d ( _! bir? f ,virg9-mo!rs4 ,!re is h>dly a god--z we h already _h occasion to see--^: wor%ip z a b5efactor ( mank9d atta9$ popul>ity 9 any ( ! f\r cont95ts1 ,europe1 ,asia1 ,africa & ,am]ica--:o 0 n report$ to h be5 born f a ,virg91 or at lea/ f a "m :o ow$ ! ,*ild n to any e>?ly fa!r1 b to an impregnation f ,heav54 ,& ?is seems at fir/ sight all ! m a/oni%+ because ! belief 9 ! possibility ( su* a ?+ is s entirely out ( ! l9e ( our mod]n ?\ght4 ,s t :ile x w\ld seem n unnatural t su* a leg5d %\ld h1 sprung up spontane\sly 9 "s odd b5ight$ corn] ( ! _w1 we f9d x v difficult to und]/& h[ 9 t case x %\ld h spread s rapidly 9 e direction1 or--if x did n spread--h[ we are to acc\nt = its ,,spontane\s appe>ance 9 all ^! widely sund]$ regions4 ,i ?9k "h1 & = ! und]/&+ ( ?is problem1 we are ?r[n back ^u a v e>ly age ( human evolution--! age ( ,magic4 ,be=e any settl$ sci5ce or philosophy or religion exi/$1 !re 7 /ill c]ta9 ,?+s--& consequ5tly also c]ta9 ,words--:i* _h a trem5d\s influ5ce on ! human m9d1 :i* 9 fact affect$ x deeply4 ,su* a ^w1 = in/ance1 is ',?und]'2 to he> ?und]1 to imitate x1 ev5 to m5tion x1 are sure ways ( r\s+ sup]/iti\s att5tion & imag9ation4 ,su* ano!r ^w is ',s]p5t1' ano!r ',tree1' & s =?4 ,!re is no "o :o is ins5sible to ! rev]b]ation ( ^! & o!r su* words & images 7#a72 & among !m1 /&+ prom95tly out1 are ! two ',"m' & ',virg94' ,! ^w ,"m t\*es ! deepe/ spr+s ( human feel+4 ,z ! e>lie/ ^w le>nt & clung to by ! *ild1 x tw9es itself ) ! he>t-/r+s ( ! man ev5 to 8 late/ day4 ,nor mu/ we =get t 9 a primitive /ate ( society 7! ,matri>*ate7 t influ5ce 0 probably ev5 great] ?an n[2 = ! fa!r ( ! *ild be+ 7(t5 z n7 ,,unkn[n ! atta*m5t to ! "m 0 all ! m int5se & undivid$4 ,! ^w ,"m _h a magic ab\t x :i* has rema9$ ev5 until to-day4 ,b if t ^w root$ itself deep 9 ! he>t ( ! ,*ild1 ! o!r ^w 'virg9' _h an obvi\s magic = ! full gr[n & sexually mature ,man--a magic :i* x1 too1 has nev] lo/4 7#a7 ,nor is x difficult to see h[ out ( ! discreet use ( su* words & images1 comb9$ ) elem5t>y =ms l ! squ>e1 ! triangle & ! circle1 & elem5t>y numb]s l #c1 #d1 #e1 etc41 q a sci5ce1 s to speak1 ( ,magic arose4 ,!re is ample evid5ce t "o ( ! v e>lie/ objects ( human wor%ip 0 ! ,e>? itself1 conceiv$ ( z ! f]tile ,"m ( all ?+s4 ,gaia or ,ge 7! e>?7 _h temples & alt>s 9 almo/ all ! cities ( ,greece4 ,rhea or ,cybele1 sprung f ! ,e>?1 0 "m ( all ! gods4 ,demet] 7e>? "m7 0 honor$ f> & wide z ! graci\s patroness ( ! crops & vegetation4 ,c]es1 ( c\rse1 ! same4 ,maia 9 ! ,indian my?ology & ,isis 9 ! ,egyptian are =ms ( ,nature & ! ,e>?-_s1 repres5t$ z female2 & s =?4 ,! ,e>?1 9 ^! anci5t cults1 0 ! my/ic s\rce ( all life1 & to x1 z a propitiation1 life ( all k9ds 0 sacrific$4 7,!re are /range acc\nts ( a huge fire be+ made1 ) an alt> to ,cybele 9 ! mid/1 & ( de] & fawns & wild animals1 & birds & %eep & corn & fruits be+ ?r[n pell-mell into ! flames4 7#a77 ,x 01 9 a way1 ! mo/ natural1 z x seems to h be5 ! e>lie/ & mo/ spontane\s ( cults--! wor%ip ( ! ,e>?-"m1 ! all-produc+ et]nal s\rce ( life1 & on acc\nt ( h] nev]-fail+ ev]-r5ew$ f]tility conceiv$ ( z an immortal ,virg94 7#a7 ,see ,pausanias iv4 #cb4 #f2 & ,lucian1 ,de ,syria ,dea1 #di4 ,b :5 ! ,savi\r-leg5d sprang up--z inde$ ,i ?9k x mu/ h sprung up1 9 tribe aft] tribe & p aft] p1 indep5d5tly--!n1 :e!r x sprang f ! div9ization ( "s actual man :o %[$ ! way ( light & deliv]ance to 8 fell[s sitt+ 9 d>kness1 or :e!r f ! p]sonification ( ! tribe itself z a god1 9 ei!r case ! "q ( ! h]o's p>5tage 0 b\nd to arise4 ,if ! 'savi\r' 0 pla9ly a p]sonification ( ! tribe1 x 0 obvi\sly impossible to suppose him ! son ( a mortal "m4 ,9 t case--& if ! tribe 0 g5]ally trac$ 9 ! leg5ds to "s primeval ,animal or ,m\nta9 or ?+ ( ,nature--x 0 probably easy to ?9k ( him 7! savi\r7 z1 born out ( ,nature's womb1 desc5d$ p]haps f t pure ,virg9 ( ! ,_w :o is ! ,e>? & ,nature1 :o rules ! skies at night1 & /&s 9 ! *ang+ phases ( ! ,moon1 & is wor%ip$ 7z we h se57 9 ! great con/ellation ,virgo4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he 0 ! div9ization ( "s actual man1 m or less kn[n ei!r p]sonally or by tradition to 8 fell[s1 !n 9 all probability ! "n ( 8 mortal "m w\ld be recogniz$ & accept$2 b z to 8 fa!r1 t side ( p>5tage be+1 z we h said1 g5]ally v unc]ta91 x w\ld be easy to suppose "s heav5ly ,annunciation1 ! midnight visit ( a ,god1 & :at is usually t]m$ a ,virg9-bir?4 ,!re are two elem5ts to be rememb]$ "h1 z conspir+ to ?is conclusion4 ,"o is ! condition ( affairs 9 a remote matri>*ial p]iod1 :5 desc5t 0 reckon$ always ?r\gh ! mat]nal l9e1 & ! fa!rhood 9 ea* g5]ation 0 obscure or unkn[n or commonly left out ( acc\nt2 & ! o!r is ! fact--s /range & difficult = u to realize--t among "s v primitive peoples1 l ! ,au/ralian aborig9es1 ! necessity = a woman to h int]c\rse ) a male1 9 ord] to br+ ab\t conception & *ild-bir?1 0 actually n recogniz$4 ,sci5tific obs]vation _h n always got z f> z t1 & ! matt] 0 /ill "u ! doma9 ( ,magic6 7#a7 ,a ,virg9-,"m 0 !re=e a q imag9able 7n to say 'conceivable'7 ?+2 & inde$ a v beautiful & fasc9at+ ?+1 comb9+ 9 "o image ! pot5t magic ( two v wond]ful words4 ,x does n seem impossible t consid]ations ( ?is k9d l$ to ! adoption ( ! doctr9e or leg5d ( ! virg9-"m & ! heav5ly fa!r among s _m races & 9 s _m localities--ev5 )\t any contagion ( tradition among !m4 7#a7 ,probably ! long p]iod 7n9e mon?s7 elaps+ betwe5 cohabitation & *ildbir? confus$ e>ly speculation on ! subject4 ,!n cle>ly cohabitation 0 ,,n always foll[$ by *ildbir?4 ,&1 m important /ill1 ! numb] ( virg9s ( a mature age 9 primitive societies 0 s v m9ute t ! fact ( _! *ildlessness attract$ no att5tion--:]eas 9 ,,our societies ! /]ility ( ! :ole class is pat5t to ev]yone4 ,anyh[1 & z a matt] ( fact1 ! _w-wide dissem9ation ( ! leg5d is mo/ rem>kable4 ,zeus1 ,fa!r ( ! gods1 visit$ ,semele1 x w be rememb]$1 9 ! =m ( a ?und]/orm2 & %e gave bir? to ! great savi\r & deliv]] ,dionysus4 ,zeus1 aga91 impregnat$ ,danae 9 a %[] ( gold2 & ! *ild 0 ,p]seus1 :o slew ! ,gorgons 7! p[]s ( d>kness7 & sav$ ,&rom$a 7! human s\l 7#a774 ,devaki1 ! radiant ,virg9 ( ! ,h9du my?ology1 became ! wife ( ! god ,vi%nu & bore ,kri%na1 ! belov$ h]o & prototype ( ,*ri/4 ,) reg>d to ,buddha ,/4 ,j]ome says 7#b7 ,x is h&$ d[n among ! ,gymnosophi/s1 ( ,india t ,buddha1 ! f\nd] ( _! sy/em1 0 br\ght =? by a ,virg9 f h] side4 ,! ,egyptian ,isis1 ) ! *ild ,horus1 on h] knee1 0 honor$ c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & wor%ip$ "u ! names ( ,our ,lady1 ,que5 ( ,heav51 ,/> ( ! ,sea1 ,"m ( ,god1 & s =?4 ,be=e h]1 ,nei?1 ! ,virg9 ( ! ,_w1 ^: figure b5ds f ! sky ov] ! e>?ly pla9s & ! *ildr5 ( m51 0 acclaim$ z "m ( ! great god ,osiris4 ,! savi\r ,mi?ra1 too1 0 born ( a ,virg91 z we h _h occasion to notice be=e2 & on ! ,mi?rais monum5ts ! "m suckl+ h] *ild is a n uncommon figure4 7#c7 7#a7 ,= ?is int]pretation ( ! ^w ,&rom$a see ,! ,p]fect ,way by ,edw>d ,maitl&1 preface to ,fir/ ,edition1 #ahha4 7#b7 ,contra ,jovian1 ,book ,i2 & quot$ by ,rhys ,davids 9 8 ,buddhisim4 7#c7 ,see ,doane's ,bible ,my?s1 p4 #ccb1 & ,dupuis' ,orig9s ( ,religi\s ,beliefs4 ,! old ,teutonic goddess ,h]?a 7! ,e>?7 0 a ,virg91 b 0 impregnat$ by ! heav5ly ,_s 7! ,sky72 & h] image ) a *ild 9 h] arms 0 to be se5 9 ! sacr$ groves ( ,g]many4 7#a7 ,! ,sc&9avian ,frigga1 9 mu* ! same way1 be+ caught 9 ! embraces ( ,od91 ! ,all-fa!r1 conceiv$ & bore a son1 ! bless$ ,bald]1 heal] & savi\r ( mank9d4 ,quetzalcoatl1 ! 7crucifi$7 savi\r ( ! ,aztecs1 0 ! son ( ,*imalman1 ! ,virg9 ,que5 ( ,heav54 7#b7 ,ev5 ! ,*9ese _h a "m-goddess & virg9 ) *ild 9 h] arms 7#c72 & ! anci5t ,etruscans ! same4 7#d7 7#a7 ,r4 ,p4 ,knight's ,anci5t ,art & ,my?ology1 p4 #ba4 7#b7 ,see ,k+sbor\gh's ,mexican ,antiquities1 vol4 vi1 p4 #agf1 :]e x is said an ambassador 0 s5t f heav5 on an embassy to a ,virg9 ( ,tulan1 call$ ,*imalman444 ann\nc+ t x 0 ! w ( ! ,god t %e %\ld conceive a son2 & hav+ deliv]$ h] ! message he rose & left ! h\se2 & z soon z he _h left x %e conceiv$ a son1 )\t connection ) man1 :o 0 call$ ,quetzalcoat1 :o !y say is ! god ( air4 ,fur!r1 x is expla9$ t ,quetzalcoatl sacrific$ himself1 draw+ =? 8 own blood ) ?orns2 & t ! ^w ,quetzalcoatlotopitz9 means our well-belov$ son4 7#c7 ,doane1 p4 #cbg4 7#d7 ,see ,inman's ,pagan & ,*ri/ian ,symbolism1 p4 #bg4 ,f9ally1 we h ! curi\sly l>ge numb] ( ,,black virg9 mo!rs :o are or h be5 wor%ip$4 ,n only cases l ,devaki ! ,indian goddess1 or ,isis ! ,egyptian1 :o w\ld naturally appe> black-sk9n$ or d>k2 b ! l>ge numb] ( images & pa9t+s ( ! same k9d1 yet extant--especially 9 ! ,italian *ur*es--& pass+ = repres5tations ( ,m>y & ! infant ,jesus4 ,su* are ! well-kn[n image 9 ! *apel at ,loretto1 & images & pa9t+s besides 9 ! *ur*es at ,g5oa1 ,pisa1 ,padua1 ,muni* & o!r places4 ,x is difficult n to reg>d ^! z v old ,pagan or pre-,*ri/ian relics :i* l+]$ on into ,*ri/ian times & 7 baptiz$ anew--z inde$ we "k _m relics & images actually 7--into ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur*4 ,great is ,diana ( ! ,ephesians2 & !re is ,i believe m ?an "o black figure extant ( ?is ,diana1 :o1 ?\gh ( c\rse a virg91 is repres5t$ ) innum]able brea/s 7#a7--n unlike "s ( ! ar*aic /atues ( ,artemis & ,isis4 ,at ,p>is1 f> on into ,*ri/ian times !re 01 x is said1 on ! site ( ! pres5t ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame1 a ,temple d$icat$ to 'our ,lady' ,isis2 & images belong+ to ! e>li] %r9e w\ld 9 all probability be pres]v$ ) alt]$ "n 9 ! lat]4 7#a7 ,see illu/ration1 p4 #cj1 9 ,inman's ,pagan & ,*ri/ian ,symbolism4 ,all ?is illu/rates n only ! wide diffusion ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,virg9-"m1 b its extreme antiquity4 ,! subject is obscure1 & wor?y ( m consid]ation ?an has yet be5 accord$ x2 & ,i d n feel able to add any?+ to ! t5tative explanations giv5 a page or two back1 except p]haps to suppose t ! vision ( ! ,p]fect ,man hov]$ dimly ov] ! m9d ( ! human race on its fir/ em]g5ce f ! purely animal /age2 & t a q natural speculation ) reg>d to su* a be+ 0 t he w\ld be born f a ,p]fect ,woman--:o accord+ to e>ly ideas w\ld necess>ily be ! ,virg9 ,e>? itself1 "m ( all ?+s4 ,anyh[ x 0 a wond]ful ,intuition1 slumb]+ z x w\ld seem 9 ! brea/ ( e>ly man1 t ! ,great ,e>? aft] giv+ bir? to all liv+ creatures w\ld at la/ br+ =? a ,*ild :o %\ld become ! ,savi\r ( ! human race4 ,!re is ( c\rse ! fur!r !ory1 ent]ta9$ by "s1 t virg9-p>turition--a k9d ( ,p>!nog5esis--has z a matt] ( fact occasionally occurr$ among mortal wom51 & ev5 /ill does occur4 ,i %\ld be ! la/ to d5y ! ,,possibility ( ?is 7or ( any?+ else 9 ,nature71 b1 see+ ! imm5se difficulties 9 ! way ( ,,pro( ( any su* ass]t$ case1 & ! abs5ce s f> ( any ?or\ghly atte/$ & v]ifi$ in/ance1 x w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be advisable to leave ?is !ory out ( acc\nt at pres5t4 ,b :e!r any ( ! ,,explanations spok5 ( are "r or wrong1 & :atev] explanation we adopt1 !re rema9s ! ,,fact ( ! univ]sality ov] ! _w ( ?is leg5d--af=d+ ano!r in/ance ( ! practical solid>ity & cont9uity ( ! ,pagan ,cre$s ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,,xi4 ,,ritual ,,danc+ ,x is unnecess>y to labor ! conclusion ( ! la/ two or ?ree *apt]s1 namely t ,*ri/ianity grew out ( ! =m] ,pagan ,cre$s & is 9 its g5]al outlook & orig9s cont9u\s & ( "o piece ) !m4 ,i h n attempt$ to br+ toge!r ,,all ! evid5ce 9 favor ( ?is cont5tion1 z su* "w w\ld be too va/1 b m illu/rations ( its tru? w d\btless occur to read]s1 or w em]ge z we proce$4 ,i ?9k we may take x z prov$ 7#a7 t f ! e>lie/ ages1 & be=e ,hi/ory1 a great body ( religi\s belief & ritual--fir/ appe>+ among v primitive & un=m$ folk1 :om we %\ld call 'savages'--has come sl[ly d[n1 broad5+ & diff]5tiat+ itself on ! way into a great v>iety ( =ms1 b embody+ always c]ta9 ma9 ideas :i* became 9 "t ! accept$ doctr9es ( ! lat] ,*ur*es--! ,indian1 ! ,egyptian1 ! ,mi?raic1 ! ,*ri/ian1 & s =?4 ,:at ^! ideas 9 _! g5]al outl9e h be5 we c p]haps be/ judge f our ,apo/les' ,cre$1 z x is recit$ e ,sunday 9 our *ur*es4 ,i believe 9 ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty1 ,mak] ( heav5 & e>?3 ,& 9 ,jesus ,*ri/ 8 only ,son our ,"l1 :o 0 conceiv$ by ! ,holy ,gho/1 born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 suff]$ "u ,pontius ,pilate1 0 crucifi$1 dead & buri$4 ,he desc5d$ into ,hell2 ! ?ird day he rose aga9 f ! dead1 ,he asc5d$ into heav51 & sitte? on ! "r h& ( ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty2 f !nce he %all come to judge ! quick & ! dead4 ,i believe 9 ! ,holy ,gho/2 ! holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 ! communion ( ,sa9ts2 ! ,=giv5ess ( s9s2 ! ,resurrection ( ! body1 & ! life ev]la/+4 ,am54 ,"h we h ! ,all-,fa!r & ,creator1 desc5d+ f ! ,sky 9 ! =m ( a _s to impregnate ! e>?ly ,virg9-"m1 :o ?us gives bir? to a ,savi\r-h]o4 ,! latt] is sla9 by ! p[]s ( ,evil1 is buri$ & desc5ds into ! l[] _w1 b arises aga9 z ,god into heav5 & becomes ! lead] & judge ( mank9d4 ,we h ! confirmation ( ! ,*ur* 7or1 9 e>li] times1 ( ! ,tribe7 by means ( a ,eu*>i/ or ,communion :i* b9ds toge!r all ! memb]s1 liv+ or dead1 & re/ores errant individuals ?r\gh ! ,sacrifice ( ! h]o & ! ,=giv5ess ( _! s9s2 & we h ! belief 9 a bodily ,resurrection & cont9u$ life ( ! memb]s )9 ! fold ( ! ,*ur* 7or ,tribe71 itself reg>d$ z et]nal4 ,"o has only1 in/ead ( ! ^w ',jesus1' to read ,dionysus or ,kri%na or ,h]cules or ,osiris or ,attis1 & in/ead ( ',m>y' to ins]t ,semele or ,devaki or ,alcm5e or ,nei? or ,nana1 & = ,pontius ,pilate to use ! "n ( any t]re/rial tyrant :o comes into ! correspond+ /ory1 & lo6 ! cre$ fits 9 all p>ticul>s into ! rites & wor%ip ( a pagan god4 ,i ne$ n enl>ge ^u a !sis :i* is self-evid5t f all t has gone be=e4 ,i d n say1 ( c\rse1 t ,,all ! religi\s beliefs ( ,paganism are includ$ & summ>iz$ 9 our ,apo/les' ,cre$1 =--z ,i %all h occasion to note 9 ! next *apt]--,i ?9k "s v important religi\s elem5ts are !re ,,omitt$2 b ,i d ?9k t all ! beliefs :i* ,,are summ>iz$ 9 ! said cre$ _h already be5 fully repres5t$ & elaborately express$ 9 ! non-,*ri/ian religions & rituals ( ,paganism4 ,fur!r 7#b7 ,i ?9k we may safely say t !re is no c]ta9 pro( t ! body ( beliefs j m5tion$ sprang f any "o p>ticul> c5tre f> back & radiat$ !nce by dissem9ation & m5tal contagion ov] ! re/ ( ! _w2 b ! evid5ce r %[s t ^! beliefs 71 = ! mo/ "p1 ! ,,spontane\s outgr[?s 79 v>i\s localities7 ( ! human m9d at c]ta9 /ages ( its evolution2 t !y appe>$1 9 ! diff]5t races & peoples1 at diff]5t p]iods accord+ to ! degree ( evolution1 & 7 l>gely indep5d5t ( int]c\rse & contagion1 ?\gh ( c\rse1 9 cases1 consid]ably influ5c$ by x2 & t "o great & all-important occasion & provocative ( ^! beliefs 0 actually ! ,,rise ,,( ,,self-,,consci\sness--t is1 ! com+ ( ! m9d to a m or less di/9ct aw>5ess ( itself & ( its own op]ation1 & ! consequ5t developm5t & gr[? ( ,individualism1 & ( ! ,self-c5tr$ attitude 9 human ?\ght & action4 ,9 ! ?ird place 7#c7 ,i ?9k we may see--& ?is is ! special subject ( ! pres5t *apt]--t at a v e>ly p]iod1 :5 humanity 0 h>dly capable ( sy/ematic expression 9 :at we call ,philosophy or ,sci5ce1 x c\ld n well rise to an ord]$ & lit]>y expression ( its beliefs1 su* z we f9d 9 ! lat] religions & ! ',*ur*es' 7,babylonian1 ,jewi%1 ,ea/ ,indian1 ,*ri/ian1 or :at-n71 & yet t x ,,felt ^! beliefs v int5sely & 0 urg$1 almo/ compell$1 to _! utt]ance 9 "s =m or o!r4 ,& s x came ab\t t p express$ !mselves 9 a va/ mass ( ritual & my?--cu/oms1 c]emonies1 leg5ds1 /ories--:i* on acc\nt ( _! popul> & concrete =m 7 h&$ d[n = g5]ations1 & "s ( :i* l+] on /ill 9 ! mid/ ( our mod]n civilization4 ,^! rituals & leg5ds 71 _m ( !m1 absurd en\gh1 rambl+ & *ildi% 9 "*1 & prepo/]\s 9 conception1 yet !y gave ! expression ne$$2 & "s ( !m ( c\rse1 z we h se51 7 full ( mean+ & sugge/ion4 ,a critical & comm]cial ,civilization1 su* z ours1 9 :i* 7not)/&+ mu* ,,talk ab\t ,art7 ! arti/ic s5se is greatly lack+1 or at any rate b little diffus$1 does n z a rule und]/& t poetic ,,rites1 9 ! evolution ( peoples1 came naturally be=e any?+ l ord]$ poems or philosophy or sy/ematiz$ ,,views ab\t life & religion--su* z ,,we love to wall[ 96 ,?+s 7 ,,felt be=e !y 7 spok54 ,! load+ ( diseases into disease-boats1 ( s9s onto scape-goats1 ! propitiation ( ! =ces ( nature by victims1 human or animal1 sacrifices1 c]emonies ( re-bir?1 eu*>i/ic fea/s1 sexual communions1 orgia/ic celebrations ( ! common life1 & a ho/ ( o!r ?+s--all ,,said pla9ly en\gh :at 0 meant1 b n 9 ,,words4 ,p>tly no d\bt x 0 t at "s e>ly "t words 7 m difficult ( comm& & less flexible 9 use ?an actions 7& at all times are !y n less expressive874 ,p>tly x 0 t mank9d 0 9 ! *ild-/age4 ,! ,*ild delights 9 ritual1 9 symbol1 9 expression ?r\gh mat]ial objects & actions3 ,see1 at 8 feet "s little plan or *>t1 ,"s fragm5t f 8 dream ( human life1 ,%ap$ by himself ) newly le>n$ art2 ,a w$d+ or a fe/ival1 ,a m\rn+ or a fun]al2 ,& ?is ha? n[ 8 he>t4 ,& primitive man 9 ! *ild-/age felt a positive joy 9 ritual celebrations1 & indulg$ 9 expressions :i* we b little und]/&2 = ^! _h !n 8 he>t4 ,"o ( ! mo/ pregnant ( ^! expressions 0 ,,danc+4 ,*ildr5 dance in/9ctively4 ,!y dance ) rage2 !y dance ) joy1 ) %e] vitality2 !y dance ) pa91 or sometimes ) savage glee at ! suff]+ ( o!rs2 !y delight 9 mimic combats1 or 9 animal plays & disguises4 ,!re are su* ?+s z ,c\rt+-dances1 :5 ! mature male & female g ?r\gh a ritual toge!r--n only 9 civiliz$ ball-rooms & ! back-p>lors ( inns1 b 9 ! f>my>ds :]e ! roo/] pays 8 addresses to ! h51 or ! ye>l+ bull to ! c[--) q recogniz$ =malities2 !re are elaborate c]emonials p]=m$ by ! ,au/ralian b[]-birds & _m o!r animals4 ,all ^! ?+s--at any rate 9 *ildr5 & animals--come be=e spee*2 & anyh[ we may say t ,,love-,,rites1 ev5 9 mature & civiliz$ man1 h>dly ,,admit ( spee*4 ,words only vulg>ize love & blunt its edge4 ,s ,dance to ! savage & ! e>ly man 0 n m]ely an amusem5t or a gymna/ic ex]cise 7z ! books (t5 try to make out71 b x 0 also a s]i\s & intimate "p ( life1 an expression ( religion & ! relation ( man to non-human ,p[]s4 ,imag9e a "y danc]--& ! admitt$ age = ritual danc+ 0 commonly f ab\t eighte5 to ?irty--com+ =w>d on ! danc+-gr\nd or plat=m = ! ,,invocation ,,( ,,ra94 ,we h un=tunately no k9ematic records1 b x is n impossible or v difficult to imag9e ! v>i\s ge/ures & movem5ts :i* might be consid]$ appropriate to su* a rite 9 diff]5t localities or among diff]5t peoples4 ,a mod]n /ud5t ( ,dalcroze ,eurhy?mics w\ld f9d ! problem easy4 ,aft] a "t a c]ta9 ritual dance 7= ra97 w\ld become /]eotyp$ & g5]ally adopt$4 ,or imag9e a "y ,greek lead+ an invocation to ,apollo to ,,/ay ,,"s ,,plague :i* 0 ravag+ ! c\ntry4 ,he might z well be accompani$ by a small body ( co-danc]s2 b he w\ld be ! lead] & *ief repres5tative4 ,or x might be a ,,w>-,,dance--z a m or less magical prep>ation = ! raid or =ay4 ,we are famili> en\gh ) acc\nts ( w>-dances among ,am]ican ,indians4 ,c4 ,o4 ,mull] 9 8 ,hi/ory & ,antiquities ( ! ,doric ,race 7#a7 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! ,pyrrhic dance among ! ,greeks1 :i* 0 danc$ 9 full armor3--,plato says t x imitat$ all ! attitudes ( def5ce1 by avoid+ a ?ru/ or a ca/1 retreat+1 spr++ up1 & cr\*+-z also ! opposite movem5ts ( attack ) arr[s & lances1 & also ( e k9d ( ?ru/4 ,s /rong 0 ! atta*m5t to ?is dance at ,sp>ta t1 long aft] x _h 9 ! o!r ,greek /ates deg5]at$ into a ,bac*analian revel1 x 0 /ill danc$ by ! ,sp>tans z a w>like ex]cise1 & boys ( fifte5 7 in/ruct$ 9 x4 ,( ! ,hunt+-dance ,i h already giv5 in/ances4 7#b7 ,x always _h ! "* ( ,magic ab\t x1 by :i* ! game or qu>ry might presumably be influ5c$2 & x c easily be und]/ood t if ! ,hunt 0 n successful ! blame might well be attribut$ to "s neglect ( ! usual ritual mimes or movem5ts--no laugh+ matt] = ! lead] ( ! dance4 7#a7 ,book ,,iv1 *4 #f1 ,section #g4 7#b7 ,see also ,w9wood ,reade's ,savage ,africa1 *4 xviii1 9 :i* he speaks ( ! gorilla dance1 be=e hunt+ gorillas1 z a religi\s fe/ival4 ,or !re 7 dances belong+ to ! c]emonies ( ,initiation--dances bo? by ! initiators & ! initiat$4 ,jane ,e4 ,h>rison 9 ,!mis 7p4 #bd7 says1 ,in/ruction among savage peoples is always imp>t$ 9 m or less mimetic dances4 ,at initiation y le>n c]ta9 dances :i* conf] on y def9ite social /atus4 ,:5 a man is too old to dance1 he h&s ov] 8 dance to ano!r & a y\ng]1 & he !n among "s tribes ceases to exi/ socially4444 ,! dances taught to boys at initiation are frequ5tly if n always ,,arm$ dances4 ,^! are n necess>ily w>like4 ,! acc\trem5t ( spe> & %ield 0 9 "p decorative1 9 "p a provision = mak+ ! necess>y hubbub4 7,"h ,miss ,h>rison reproduces a photograph ( an ,initiation dance among ! ,akikuyu ( ,briti% ,ea/ ,africa47 ,! ,initiation-dances bl5d ins5sibly & naturally ) ! ,my/]y & ,religion dances1 = inde$ initiation 0 = ! mo/ "p an in/ruction 9 ! my/]ies & social rites ( ! ,tribe4 ,!y 7 ! expression ( ?+s :i* w\ld be h>d ev5 = u1 & :i* = rude folk w\ld be impossible1 to put into def9ite words4 ,h5ce arose ! expression--^: mean+ has be5 mu* discuss$ by ! le>n$--to dance out 7gr ezorceisqai7 a my/]y4 7#a7 ,lucian1 9 a mu*-quot$ passage1 7#b7 obs]ves3 ,y _c f9d a s+le anci5t my/]y 9 :i* !re is n danc+ 444 & ?is mu* all m5 "k1 t mo/ p say ( ! reveal]s ( ! my/]ies t !y 'dance !m out4' ,&rew ,lang1 comm5t+ on ?is passage1 7#c7 cont9ues3 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria uses ! same t]m :5 speak+ ( 8 own 'appall+ revelations4' ,s closely connect$ are my/]ies ) danc+ among savages t :5 ,mr4 ,orp5 ask$ ,q+1 ! ,bu%man hunt]1 ab\t "s doctr9es 9 :i* ,q+ 0 n initiat$1 he said3 ',only ! initiat$ m5 ( t dance "k ^! ?+s4' ,to 'dance' ?is or t means to be acqua9t$ ) ?is or t my?1 :i* is repres5t$ 9 a dance or ballet d'action4 ,s widely di/ribut$ is ! practice t ,aco/a 9 an int]e/+ passage m5tions x z famili> to ! p ( ,p]u be=e & aft] ! ,spani% conque/4 7,& we may say t :5 ! 'my/]ies' are ( a sexual nature x c easily be und]/ood t to 'dance !m out' is ! only way ( expla9+ !m67 7#a7 ,mean+ app>5tly ei!r simply to repres5t1 or1 sometimes to ,,divulge1 a my/]y4 7#b7 gr p]i ',or*sews1 ,*4 xv4 #bgg4 7#c7 ,my?1 ,ritual & ,religion1 i1 #bgb4 ,?us we beg9 to appreciate ! s]i\s nature & ! importance ( ! dance among primitive folk4 ,to dub a y\? a good danc] is to pay him a great complim5t4 ,among ! well-kn[n inscriptions on ! rocks 9 ! isl& ( ,!ra 9 ! ,aegean sea !re are _m :i* record 9 deeply grav5 lett]s ! fri5d%ip & devotion to ea* o!r ( ,sp>tan w>rior-comrades2 x seems /range at fir/ to f9d h[ (t5 su* an epi!t ( praise occurs z ,ba?ycles ,,dances ,,well1 ,eumelos is a ,,p]fect ,,danc] 7gr ari/os orce/as74 ,"o h>dly 9 g5]al expects "o w>rior to praise ano!r = 8 danc+6 ,b :5 "o realizes :at is really meant--namely ! fitness ( ! lov$ comrade to lead 9 religi\s & magical rituals--!n inde$ ! complim5t takes on a new complexion4 ,religi\s dances1 9 d$ication to a god1 h ( c\rse be5 honor$ 9 e c\ntry4 ,mull]1 9 ! "w j cit$1 7#a7 describes a lively dance call$ ! hypor*ema :i*1 accompani$ by songs1 0 us$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ,apollo4 ,9 ?is1 besides ! *orus ( s+]s :o usually danc$ ar\nd ,,! ,,blaz+ ,,alt>1 sev]al p]sons 7 appo9t$ to accompany ! action ( ! poem ) an appropriate pantomimic display4 ,x 0 probably "s simil> dance :i* is record$ 9 ,exodus1 *4 xxxii1 :5 ,a>on made ! ,israelites a gold5 ,calf 7image ( ! ,egyptian ,apis74 ,!re 0 an alt> & a fire & burnt (f]+s = sacrifice1 & ! p danc+ ar\nd4 ,:e!r 9 ! ,apollo ritual ! danc]s 7 nak$ ,i _c say1 b 9 ! affair ( ! gold5 ,calf !y evid5tly 71 = x w be rememb]$ t x 0 j ?is :i* upset ,moses' equanimity s badly--:5 he ,,saw ,,t ,,! ,,p ,,7 ,,nak$--& l$ to ! break+ ( ! two tables ( /one & ! slaught] ( "s ?\s&s ( folk4 ,x w be rememb]$ also t ,david on a sacrificial occasion danc$ nak$ be=e ! ,"l4 7#b7 7#a7 ,book ,,ii1 *4 viii1 ,section #ad4 7#b7 #b ,sam4 vi4 ,x may seem /range t dances 9 honor ( a god %\ld be held nak$2 b !re is abundant evid5ce t ?is 0 frequ5tly ! case1 & x leads to an int]e/+ speculation4 ,_m ( ^! rituals und\bt$ly ow$ _! sanctity & solemnity to _! extreme antiquity4 ,!y came d[n 9 fact f v f> back times :5 ! av]age man or woman--z 9 "s ( ! ,c5tral ,african tribes to-day--wore simply no?+ at all2 & l all religi\s c]emonies !y t5d$ to pres]ve _! =ms long aft] surr\nd+ cu/oms & conditions _h alt]$4 ,consequ5tly nak$ness l+]$ on 9 sacrificial & o!r rites into p]iods :5 9 ord9>y life x _h come to be ab&on$ or ?\ght indec5t & %ameful4 ,?is comes out v cle>ly 9 bo? in/ances above--quot$ f ! ,bible4 ,= 9 ,exodus xxxii4 #be x is said t ,a>on _h made !m 7! danc]s7 nak$ ,,unto ,,_! ,,%ame among _! enemies 7,,read oppon5ts71 & 9 #b ,sam4 vi4 #bj we are told t ,mi*al came out & s>ca/ically rebuk$ ! glori\s k+ ( ,israel = %amelessly uncov]+ himself1 l a va9 fell[ 7= :i* rebuke1 ,i am sorry to say1 ,david took a mean rev5ge on ,mi*al74 ,9 bo? cases evid5tly cu/om _h s f> *ang$ t to a consid]able section ( ! population ^! nak$ exhibitions _h become indec5t1 ?\gh z p>ts ( an ackn[l$g$ ritual !y 7 /ill reta9$ & support$ by o!rs4 ,! same conclusion may be d]iv$ f ! comm&s record$ 9 ,exodus xx4 #bf & xxviii4 #db1 t ! prie/s be n uncov]$ be=e ! alt>--comm&s :i* w\ld h>dly h be5 ne$$ _h n ! practice be5 9 vogue4 ,!n !re 7 dances 7p>tly magical or religi\s7 p]=m$ at ru/ic & agricultural fe/ivals1 l ! ,epil5ios1 celebrat$ 9 ,greece at ! ga!r+ ( ! grapes4 7#a7 ,( su* a dance we get a glimpse 9 ! ,bible 7,judges xxi4 #bj7 :5 ! eld]s advis$ ! *ildr5 ( ,b5jam9 to g out & lie 9 wait 9 ! v9ey>ds1 at ! "t ( ! ye>ly fea/2 & :5 ! daught]s ( ,%iloh come out to dance 9 ! dances1 !n come ye out ( ! v9ey>ds & cat* y e man a wife f ! daught]s ( ,%iloh--a t\*+ example app>5tly ( e>ly s-call$ 'm>riage by capture'6 ,or !re 7 dances1 also p>tly or orig9ally religi\s1 ( a q orgia/ic & ,bac*analian "*1 l ! ,bryalli*a p]=m$ 9 ,sp>ta by m5 & wom5 9 hide\s masks1 or ! ,deimalea by ,sil5i & ,satyrs waltz+ 9 a circle2 or ! ,bibasis c>ri$ out by bo? m5 & wom5--a q gymna/ic ex]cise 9 :i* ! p]=m]s took a special pride 9 /rik+ _! own buttocks ) _! heels6 or o!rs wild] /ill1 :i* x w\ld p]haps n be conv5i5t to describe4 7#a7 gr ,epilhnioi umnoi3 hymns sung ov] ! w9epress 7,diction>y74 ,we mu/ see h[ important a "p ,danc+ play$ 9 t great panorama ( ,ritual & ,religion 7spok5 ( 9 ! la/ *apt]7 :i*1 hav+ orig9ally be5 l$ up to by ! ',fall ( ,man1' has ev] s9ce ! dawn ( hi/ory gradually ov]spread ! _w ) its /range procession ( demons & deities1 & its symbolic repres5tations ( human de/9y4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t ritual danc+ 0 ! matrix out ( :i* ! ,drama sprang1 & fur!r t ! drama 9 its inception 7z /ill to-day 9 ,india7 0 an affair ( religion & 0 act$ 91 or 9 connection )1 ! ,temples1 x becomes easi] to und]/& h[ all ?is mass ( c]emonial sacrifices1 expiations1 initiations1 ,sun & ,nature fe/ivals1 eu*>i/ic & orgia/ic communions & celebrations1 my/]y-plays1 dramatic repres5tations1 my?s & leg5ds1 etc41 :i* ,i h t\*$ ^u 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s--toge!r ) all ! emotions1 ! desires1 ! fe>s1 ! ye>n+s & ! wond]m5t :i* !y repres5t$--h practically sprung f ! same root3 a root deep & necess>y 9 ! psy*ology ( ,man4 ,pres5tly ,i hope to %[ t !y w all practically conv]ge aga9 9 ! end to "o mean+1 & prep>e ! way = "o great ,syn!sis to come--an evolution also necess>y & inevitable 9 human psy*ology4 ,9 t truly inspir$ ,ode f :i* ,i quot$ a few pages back1 occur ^? well-kn[n words ^: repetition n[ w1 on acc\nt ( _! beauty1 ,i am sure be excus$3-- ,our bir? is b a sleep & a =gett+3 ,! ,s\l t rises ) u1 our life's ,/>1 ,ha? _h else:]e its sett+1 ,& come? f af>2 ,n 9 entire =getfulness1 ,& n 9 utt] nak$ness1 ,b trail+ cl\ds ( glory d we come ,f ,god1 :o is our home3 ,heav5 lies ab\t u 9 our infancy6 ,%ades ( ! prison-h\se beg9 to close ,^u ! gr[+ ,boy1 ,b ,he beholds ! light & :5ce x fl[s ,he sees x 9 8 joy2 ,! y\? :o daily f>!r f ! ea/ ,mu/ travel1 /ill is ,nature's ,prie/1 ,& by ! vision spl5did ,is on 8 way att5d$2 ,at l5g? ! man p]ceives x die away ,& fade into ! light ( common day4 ,wordswor?--?\gh he _h n ! ine/imable advantage ( a n9ete5?-c5tury education & ! inh]itance ( ! ,d>w9ian philosophy--does nev]!less put ! matt] ( ! ,g5ius ( ! ,*ild 9 a way :i* 7) ! alt]ation ( a few conv5tional t]ms7 we sci5tific mod]ns are q incl9$ to accept4 ,we all admit n[ t ! ,*ild does n come into ! _w ) a m5tal tabula rasa ( entire =getfulness b on ! contr>y z ! possessor ( va/ /ores ( sub-consci\s memory1 d]iv$ f its ance/ral inh]itances2 we all admit t a c]ta9 grace & intuitive insight & ev5 prophetic quality1 9 ! *ild-nature1 are due to ! h>monization ( ^! racial inh]itances 9 ! infant1 ev5 be=e x is born2 & t aft] bir? ! impact ( ! out] _w s]ves r to break up & dis9tegrate ?is h>mony ?an to confirm & /r5g!n x4 ,"s psy*ologi/s inde$ n[adays g s f> z to ma9ta9 t ! *ild is n only ',fa!r ( ! man1' b sup]ior to ! man1 7#a7 & t ,boyhood & ,y\? & ,maturity are atta9$ to n by any addition b by a process ( loss & subtraction4 ,x w be se5 t ! la/ t5 l9es ( ! above quotation r favor ?is view4 7#a7 ,man 9 ! c\rse ( 8 life falls away m & m f ! specifically ,,human type ( 8 e>ly ye>s1 b ! ,ape 9 ! c\rse ( 8 %ort life goes v mu* f>!r along ! road ( degradation & premature s5ility4 7,man & ,woman1 by ,havelock ,ellis1 p4 #bd74 ,b my object 9 mak+ ! quotation 0 n to insi/ on ! tru? ( its application to ! individual ,*ild1 b r to po9t out ! rem>kable way 9 :i* x illu/rates :at ,i h said ab\t ! ,*ildhood ( ! ,race4 ,9 fact1 if ! quotation be read ov] aga9 ) ?is int]pretation 7:i* ,i d n say ,wordswor? int5d$7 t ! 'bir?' spok5 ( is ! bir? or evolution ( ! di/9ctively self-consci\s ,man f ! ,animals & ! animal-natur$1 unself-consci\s human be+s ( a prec$+ age1 !n ! p>able unfolds itself p]fectly naturally & conv9c+ly4 ,,t bir? c]ta9ly 0 sleep & a =gett+2 ! grace & intuition & in/9ctive p]fection ( ! animals 0 lo/4 ,b ! =getfulness 0 n entire2 ! memory l+]$ long ( an age ( h>mony1 ( an ,ed5-g>d5 left beh9d4 ,& trail+ cl\ds ( ?is remembrance ! fir/ tribal m51 on ! edge ( b n yet ,,)9 ! civilization-p]iod1 appe> 9 ! dawn ( ,hi/ory4 ,z ,i h said be=e1 ! p]iod ( ! dawn ( ,self-consci\sness 0 also ! p]iod ( ! dawn ( ! practical & inquir+ ,intellect2 x 0 ! p]iod ( ! babyhood ( bo?2 & s we p]ceive among ^! e>ly p 7z we also d among *ildr57 t :ile 9 ! ma9 ! he>t & ! intuitions 7 "r1 ! intellect 0 = a long p]iod futile & rambl+ to a degree4 ,z soon z ! m9d left ! anci5t bases ( in/9ct & sub-consci\s racial exp]i5ce x fell into a hopeless bog1 out ( :i* x only sl[ly climb$ by means ( ! pa9fully-ga!r$ /epp+-/ones ( logic & :at we call ,sci5ce4 ,heav5 lies ab\t u 9 our infancy4 ,wordswor? p]ceiv$ t wond]ful _w ( inn] exp]i5ce & glory out ( :i* ! *ild em]ges2 & "s ev5 ( u may p]ceive t simil> _w 9 :i* ! untamp]$ animals ,,/ill dwell1 & ,,out ( :i* self-reg>d+ ,man 9 ! hi/ory ( ! race 0 long ago driv54 ,b a curse w5t ) ! exile4 ,z ! ,bra9 grew1 ! ,he>t )]$4 ,! inh]it$ in/9cts & racially accumulat$ wisdom1 on :i* ! fir/ m5 ?riv$ & by means ( :i* !y a*iev$ a k9d ( tempor>y ,p>adise1 7 brok5 up2 delusions & disease & diss5sion set 94 ,ca9 turn$ ^u 8 bro!r & slew him2 & ! %ades ( ! prison-h\se began to close4 ,! gr[+ ,boy1 h[ev]1 7by :om we may und]/& ! e>ly tribes ( ,mank9d7 _h yet a radiance ( ,light & joy 9 8 life2 & ! ,y\?--?\gh travell+ daily f>!r f ! ,ea/--/ill rema9$ ,nature's prie/1 & by ! vision spl5did 0 on 8 way att5d$3 b ,at l5g? ! ,man p]ceiv$ x die away4 ,& fade into ! light ( common day4 ,:at a /rangely apt picture 9 a few words 7if we l to take x s7 ( ! long pilgrimage ( ! ,human ,race1 its e>ly & pa!tic cl++ to ! tradition ( ! ,ed5-g>d51 its c>eless & vigor\s boyhood1 its m$itative y\?1 ) consci\sness ( s9 & endless expiatory ritual 9 ,nature's bosom1 its fleet+ visions ( salvation1 & f9ally its complete disillusionm5t & despair 9 ! _w-slaught] & unbelief ( ! tw5tie? c5tury6 ,leav+ ,wordswor?1 h[ev]1 & com+ back to our ma9 l9e ( ?\ght1 we may po9t out t :ile e>ly peoples 7 intellectually m]e babies--) _! endless y>ns ab\t h]oes on horseback leap+ ov] wide riv]s or cl\ds ( monks fly+ = hundr$s ( miles ?r\gh ! air1 & _! utt] failure to und]/& ! g5]al concat5ations ( cause & effect--yet practically & 9 _! in/9ct ( life & de/9y !y 71 z ,i h already said1 by no means fools2 c]ta9ly n su* fools z _m ( ! arm-*air /ud5ts ( ^! ?+s delight to repres5t !m4 ,= j z1 a few ye>s ago1 we mod]n civilizees /udy+ outly+ nations1 ! ,*9ese = in/ance1 rejoic$ 79 our vanity7 to pick out e qua9t peculi>ity & absurdity & mon/rosity ( a suppos$ topsyturvydom1 & fail$ entirely to see ! real picture ( a great & em95tly s5sible p2 s 9 ! case ( primitive m5 we h be51 & ev5 /ill are1 f> too prone to catalogue _! cruelties & obsc5ities & idiotic sup]/itions1 & to miss ! sane & balanc$ sett+ ( _! actual lives4 ,mr4 ,r4 ,r4 ,m>ett1 :o has a good practical acqua9tance ) 8 subject1 _h 9 ! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal = ,octob] #aiah an article on ,! ,primitive ,m$ic9e ,man 9 :i* he %[s t ! latt] is z a rule any?+ b a fool & a knave--al?\gh l 'm$icals' 9 all ages he hocuspocuses 8 pati5ts occasionally6 ,he in/ances ! m$ic9e-man's excell5t managem5t1 9 mo/ cases1 ( *ildbir?1 or ( w\nds & fractures1 or 8 primeval skill 9 trepann+ or treph9+--all ( :i* op]ations1 he admits1 may be accompani$ ) grotesque & sup]/iti\s c]emonies1 yet %[ real p]ception & ability4 ,we all "k--?\gh ,i ?9k ! article does n m5tion ! matt]--:at a consid]able li/ !re is ( drugs & h]bs :i* ! mod]n art ( heal+ owes to ! anci5t m$ic9e-man1 & x may be aga9 m5tion$ t "o ( ! mo/ up-to-date treatm5ts--! use ( a prolong$ & exclusive diet ( ,,milk z a means ( giv+ ! organism a new />t 9 sev]e cases--has really come d[n to u ?r\gh ! ages f ?is e>ly s\rce4 7#a7 ,! real m$ic9e-man1 ,mr4 ,m>ett says1 is l>gely a 'fai?-heal]' & 's\l-doctor'2 he believes 9 8 vocation1 & und]goes mu* = ! sake ( x3 ,! ma9 po9t is to grasp t by 8 special initiation & ! rigid taboos :i* he practises--n to speak ( occasional rem>kable gifts1 say ( trance & ec/asy1 :i* he may inh]it by nature & h improv$ by art--he ,,has access to a wond]-work+ p[]4444 ,& ! great ne$ ( primitive folk is = ?is heal] ( s\ls4 ,our au?or fur!r insi/s on ! enorm\s play & influ5ce ( ,fe> 9 ! savage m9d--a po9t we h t\*$ on already--& gives in/ances ( ,?anatomania1 or cases :]e1 aft] a q slight & sup]ficial w\nd1 ! pati5t becomes s depress$ t he1 q ne$lessly1 p]si/s 9 dy+6 ,su* cases1 obvi\sly1 c only be c\nt]$ by ,fai?1 or some?+ 7:atev] x may be7 :i* re/ores c\rage1 hope & en]gy to ! m9d4 ,nor ne$ ,i po9t out t ! situation is exactly ! same among a va/ numb] ( 'pati5ts' to-day4 ,z to ! value1 9 8 degree1 ( ! m$ic9e-man _m mod]n obs]v]s & /ud5ts q agree ) ! above4 7#b7 ,also z ! pres5t *apt] is on ,ritual ,danc+ x may n be out ( place to call att5tion to ! suppos$ heal+ ( sick p 9 ,ceylon & o!r places by ,devil-danc+--! enorm\s output ( en]gy & noise 9 ! ritual possibly hav+ ! effect ( reanimat+ ! pati5t 7if x does n kill him71 or ( expell+ ! disease f 8 organism4 7#a7 ,milk 7fa/-milk or vrata7 01 says ,mr4 ,hewitt1 ! only diet 9 ! ,soma-sacrifice4 ,see ,rul+ ,races ( ,prehi/oric ,times 7preface74 ,! ,soma itself 0 a f]m5t$ dr9k prep>$ ) c]emony f ! milky & sem5-l sap ( c]ta9 plants1 & mu* us$ 9 sacrificial (f]+s4 7,see ,moni]-,williams4 ,sanskrit ,diction>y47 7#b7 ,see ,w9wood ,reade 7,savage ,africa71 ,salamon ,re9a* 7,cults1 ,my?s & ,religions71 & o!rs4 ,) reg>d to ! practical intellig5ce ( primitive peoples1 d]iv$ f _! close contact ) life & nature1 ,bi%op ,col5so's exp]i5ces among ! ,zulus may appropriately be rememb]$4 ,:5 exp\nd+ ! ,bible to ^! suppos$ly backw>d 'nigg]s' he 0 met at all po9ts by practical int]rogations & argum5ts :i* he 0 p]fectly unable to answ]--especially ov] ! record$ passage ( ! ,r$ ,sea by ! ,israelites 9 a s+le night4 ,f ! /ati/ics giv5 9 ! ,sacr$ ,book ^! naughty savages prov$ to him absolutely conclusively t ! numb]s ( fugitives 7 su* t ev5 suppos+ !m to h m>*$--m51 wom5 & *ildr5--,,five ,,abrea/ & 9 close ord]1 !y w\ld h =m$ a column #ajj miles long1 & ?is n includ+ ! baggage1 %eep & cattle6 ,( c\rse ! feat 0 absolutely impossible4 ,!y c\ld n h pass$ ! ,r$ ,sea 9 a night or a week ( nights4 ,b ! sequel is /ill m amus+ & in/ructive4 ,col5so1 9 8 innoc5t s9c]ity1 took ! side ( ! ,zulus1 & feel+ sure ! ,*ur* at home w\ld be q glad to h its views ) reg>d to ! accuracy ( ,bible /ati/ics correct$1 wrote a book embody+ ! am5dm5ts ne$$4 ,mode/ z 8 criticisms 71 !y rais$ a ,,/orm ( prote/ & angry d5unciation1 :i* ev5 l$ to 8 deposition = ! "t be+ f 8 bi%opric6 ,:ile at ! same "t an avalan*e ( books to oppose 8 h]esy p\r$ =? f ! press4 ,lately ,i _h ! curiosity to look ?r\gh ! ,briti% ,museum catalogue & f\nd t 9 refutation ( ,col5so's ,p5tateu* ,exam9$ "s #adj 7a hundr$ & =ty7 volumes 7 at t "t publi%$6 ,to-day1 ,i ne$ h>dly say1 all ^! arm-*air critics & _! works h sunk into utt] obscurity1 b ! argum5ts ( ! ,zulus & _! ,bi%op /ill /& unmov$ & immovable4 ,?is is a case ( se>*+ intellig5ce %[n by 'savages1' an intellig5ce f\nd$ on intimate k ( ! ne$s ( actual life4 ,i ?9k we may say t a simil>ly in/9ctive intellig5ce 7sub-consci\s if y l7 has guid$ ! tribes ( m5 on ! :ole 9 _! long passage ?r\gh ! ,r$ ,sea ( ! c5turies1 f ^? fir/ days ( :i* ,i speak ev5 d[n to ! pres5t age1 & has 9 "s /range1 ev5 if fitful1 way kept !m along ! pa? ( t f9al emancipation t[>ds :i* ,humanity is inevitably mov+4 ,,xii4 ,,! ,,sex-,,taboo ,9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ few *apt]s ,i h spok5 m ?an once ( ! solid>ity & cont9uity ( ,*ri/ianity1 9 its ess5tial doctr9es1 ) ! ,pagan rites4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o notable exception to ?is /atem5t4 ,i ref] ( c\rse to ,*ri/ianity's treatm5t ( ,sex4 ,x is c]ta9ly v rem>kable t :ile ! ,pagan cults g5]ally made a great deal ( all sorts ( sex-rites1 laid mu* /ress ^u !m1 & introduc$ !m 9 :at we consid] an unblu%+ & %ameless way into ! in/9cts connect$ ) x4 ,i say '! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1' on ! :ole took q ! opposite l9e--ignor$ sex1 condemn$ x1 & did mu* despite to ! p]fectly natural in/9cts connect$ ) x4 ,i say '! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1' because !re is no?+ to %[ t ,jesus himself 7if we admit 8 figure z hi/orical7 adopt$ any su* extreme or doctr9aire attitude2 & ! q e>ly ,*ri/ian tea*]s 7) ! *ief exception ( ,paul7 d n exhibit ?is bias to any great degree4 ,9 fact1 z is well kn[n1 /rong curr5ts ( pagan usage & belief ran ?r\gh ! ,*ri/ian assemblies ( ! fir/ ?ree or f\r c5turies4 ,! ,*ri/ian art ( ?is p]iod rema9$ delightfully pagan4 ,9 ! catacombs we see ! ,savi\r z a be>dless y\?1 l a "y ,greek god2 sometimes repres5t$1 l ,h]mes ! gu>dian ( ! flocks1 be>+ a ram or lamb r\nd 8 neck2 sometimes z ,orpheus tun+ 8 lute among ! wild animals4 7#a7 ,! foll[]s ( ,jesus 7 at times ev5 accus$--:e!r rightly or wrongly ,i "k n--( celebrat+ sexual my/]ies at _! love-fea/s4 ,b z ! ,*ur* ?r\gh ! c5turies grew 9 p[] & scope--) its monks & _! mutilations & asceticisms1 & its celibate cl]gy1 & its absolute refusal to recognize ! sexual mean+ ( its own acclaim$ symbols 7l ! ,cross1 ! ?ree f+]s ( ,b5$iction1 ! ,fleur de ,lys & s =?7--x m & m consi/5tly def9$ itself z anti-sexual 9 its outlook1 & /ood out 9 t way 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! e>li] ,nature-religions4 7#a7 ,angels' ,w+s1 by ,e4 ,c>p5t]1 p4 #ajd4 ,x may be said ( c\rse t ?is anti-sexual t5d5cy c be trac$ 9 o!r ( ! pre-,*ri/ian ,*ur*es1 especially ! lat] ones1 l ! ,buddhi/1 ! ,egyptian1 & s =?2 & ?is is p]fectly true2 b x w\ld seem t 9 _m ways ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* m>k$ ! culm9ation ( ! t5d5cy2 & ! fact t o!r cults p>ticipat$ 9 ! taboo makes u all ! m ready & anxi\s to inquire into its real cause4 ,to g into a disquisition on ! ,sex-rites ( ! v>i\s pre-,*ri/ian religions w\ld be 'a l>ge ord]'--l>g] ?an ,i c\ld attempt to fill2 b ! g5]al facts 9 ?is connection are fairly pat5t4 ,we "k1 ( c\rse1 f ! ,bible t ! ,syrians 9 ,pale/9e 7 giv5 to sexual wor%ips4 ,!re 7 erect images 7phallic7 & groves 7sexual symbols7 on e high hill & "u e gre5 tree2 7#a7 & ^! same images & ! rites connect$ ) !m crept into ! ,jewi% ,temple & 7 popul> en\gh to ma9ta9 _! foot+ !re = a long p]iod f ,k+ ,rehoboam onw>ds1 not)/&+ ! ef=ts ( ,josiah 7#b7 & o!r re=m]s to extirpate !m4 ,moreov] !re 7 girls & m5 7hi]od\loi7 regul>ly atta*$ dur+ ?is p]iod to ! ,jewi% ,temple z to ! hea!n ,temples1 = ! r5d]+ ( sexual s]vices1 :i* 7 recogniz$ 9 _m cases z "p ( ! ritual4 ,wom5 7 p]suad$ t x 0 an honor & a privilege to be f]tiliz$ by a 'holy man' 7a prie/ or o!r man connect$ ) ! rites71 & *ildr5 result+ f su* unions 7 (t5 call$ ,*ildr5 ( ,god--an appellation :i* no d\bt sometimes l$ to a leg5d ( miracul\s bir?6 ,girls :o took _! place z hi]od\loi 9 ! ,temple or ,temple-prec9cts 7 expect$ to surr5d] !mselves to m5-wor%ip]s 9 ! ,temple1 mu* 9 ! same way1 probably1 z ,h]odotus describes 9 ! temple ( ! ,babylonian ,v5us ,mylitta1 :]e e native woman1 once 9 h] life1 0 suppos$ to sit 9 ! ,temple & h int]c\rse ) "s /rang]4 7#c7 ,inde$ ! ,syrian & ,jewi% rites dat$ l>gely f ,babylonia4 ,! ,hebrews ent]+ ,syria1 says ,ri*>d ,burton 7#d7 f\nd x religioniz$ by ,assyria & ,babylonia1 :5 ! ,accadian ,i%t> _h pass$ ,we/1 & _h become ,a%tore?1 ,a%t>o?1 or ,a%irah1 ! ,anaitis ( ,arm5ia1 ! ,pho5ician ,a/>te1 & ! ,greek ,aphrodite1 ! great ,moon-goddess :o is que5 ( ,heav5 & ,love4 ,! ^w translat$ grove z above1 9 our ,bible1 is 9 fact ,a%]ah1 :i* connects x pretty cle>ly ) ! ,babylonian ,que5 ( ,heav54 7#a7 #a ,k+s xiv4 #bb-bd4 7#b7 #b ,k+s xxiii4 7#c7 ,see ,h]odotus i4 #aii2 also a ref]5ce to ?is cu/om 9 ! apocryphal ,b>u*1 vi4 #db1 #dc4 7#d7 ,! ,?\s& ,nights & a ,night 7#ahhf edn471 vol4 x1 p4 #bbi4 ,9 ,india aga91 9 connection ) ! ,h9du ,temples & _! rites1 we h exactly ! same in/itution ( girls atta*$ to ! ,temple s]vice--! ,naut*-girls--^: functions 9 pa/ times 7 c]ta9ly sexual1 & ^: dances 9 honor ( ! god are1 ev5 d[n to ! pres5t day1 decid$ly amatory 9 "*4 ,!n we h ! v num]\s l+ams 7conv5tional repres5tations ( ! male organ7 to be se51 scores & scores ( !m1 9 ! arcades & cloi/]s ( ! ,h9du ,temples--to :i* wom5 ( all classes1 especially ^? :o wi% to become mo!rs1 resort1 ano9t+ !m copi\sly ) oil1 & signaliz+ _! respect & devotion to !m 9 a v practical way4 ,z to ! l+am z repres5t+ ! male organ1 9 "s =m or o!r--z upright /one or pill> or obelisk or sl5d] r\nd t[]--x occurs all ov] ! _w1 notably 9 ,irel&1 & =ms su* a memorial ( ! adoration paid by e>ly folk to ! great emblem & in/rum5t ( human f]tility1 z _c be mi/ak54 ,! pill>s set up by ,solomon 9 front ( 8 temple 7 obvi\sly f _! names--,ja*9 & ,boaz 7#a7--meant to be emblems ( ?is k9d2 & ! fact t !y 7 cr[n$ ) pomegranates--! univ]sally accept$ symbol ( ! female--confirms & cl9*es ?is int]pretation4 ,! obelisks be=e ! ,egyptians' temples 7 signs ( ! same "*4 ,! well-kn[n ,t-%ap$ cross 0 9 use 9 pagan l&s long be=e ,*ri/ianity1 z a repres5tation ( ! male memb]1 & also at ! same "t ( ! 'tree' on :i* ! god 7,attis or ,adonis or ,kri%na or :oev] x might be7 0 crucifi$2 & ! same symbol comb9$ ) ! oval 7or yoni7 =m$ ,,! ,crux ,ansata ,ankh ( ! old ,egyptian ritual--a figure :i* is to-day sold 9 ,cairo z a pot5t *>m1 & confess$ly indicates ! conjunction ( ! two sexes 9 "o design4 7#b7 ,mac,lennan 9 ,! ,=tnightly ,review 7,oct4 #ahfi7 quotes ) approval ! words ( ,san*onia?on1 z say+ t m5 fir/ wor%ip plants1 next ! heav5ly bodies1 suppos$ to be animals1 !n 'pill>s' 7emblems ( ! ,procreator71 & la/1 ! an?ropomorphic gods4 7#a7 ,he %all e/abli% & ,9 x is /r5g? are 9 ! ,bible ! m>g9al int]pretations ( ^! two words4 7#b7 ,! connection betwe5 ! production ( fire by means ( ! fire-drill & ! g5]ation ( life by sex-int]c\rse is a v obvi\s "o1 & l5ds itself to magical ideas4 ,j4 ,e4 ,hewitt 9 8 ,rul+ ,races ( ,prehi/oric ,times 7#ahid7 says 7vol4 i1 p4 #h7 t ,magha1 ! "m-goddess wor%ipp$ 9 ,asia ,m9or1 0 orig9ally ! socket-block f :i* fire 0 g5]at$ by ! fire-drill4 ,h5ce we h1 he says1 ! ,magi ( ,p]sia1 & ! ,maghadas ( ,indian ,hi/ory1 also ! ^w ,magic4 ,x is n necess>y to enl>ge on ?is subject4 ,! facts ( ! connection ( sexual rites ) religi\s s]vices ne>ly ev]y:]e 9 ! e>ly _w are1 z ,i say1 suffici5tly pat5t to e inquir]4 ,b x ,,is necess>y to try to und]/& ! rationale ( ?is connection4 ,to dispat* all su* cases "u ! m]e t]m religi\s pro/itution is no explanation4 ,! t]m sugge/s1 ( c\rse1 t ! plea ( religion 0 us$ simply z an excuse & a cov] = sexual famili>ities2 b ?\gh ?is k9d ( explanation comm5ds itself1 no d\bt1 to ! mod]n man--^: religion is z comm]cial z 8 sex-relation%ips are--& ?\gh 9 ,,cases no d\bt x 0 a true explanation--yet x is obvi\s t among p :o took religion s]i\sly1 z a matt] ( life & dea? & :o did n ne$ hypocritical excuses or cov]s = sex-relation%ips1 x _c be accept$ z 9 g5]al ! ,,"r explanation4 ,no1 ! real explanation is--& ,i w return to ?is pres5tly--t sexual relation%ips are s deep & intimate a "p ( human nature t f ! fir/ x has be5 simply impossible to keep !m ,,out ( religion--x be+ ( c\rse ! object ( religion to br+ ! :ole human be+ into "s intelligible relation ) ! physical1 moral1 & if y l sup]natural ord] ( ! great _w ar\nd him4 ,sex 0 felt f ! fir/ to be "p1 & a f\ndational "p1 ( ! great ord] ( ! _w & ( human nature2 & !re=e to sep>ate x f ,religion 0 un?9kable & a k9d ( contradiction 9 t]ms4 7#a7 7#a7 ,= fur!r developm5t ( ?is subject see *4 xv4 ,if t is true--x w be ask$--h[ 0 x t t divorce ,,did take place--t ! taboo did arise8 ,h[ 0 x t ! ,jews1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,josiah & ! ,hebrew prophets1 turn$ _! faces away f sex & /r5u\sly oppos$ ! ,syrian cults8 ,h[ 0 x t ?is reaction ext5d$ into ,*ri/ianity & became ev5 m def9ite 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*--t monks w5t by ?\s&s into ! des]ts ( ! ,!baid1 & t ! e>ly ,fa!rs & ,*ri/ian apologi/s c\ld n f9d t]ms f\l en\gh to hurl at ,woman z ! symbol 7to !m7 ( no?+ b sex-corruption & delusion8 ,h[ 0 x t ?is contempt ( ! body & degradation ( sex-?+s w5t on f> into ! ,middle ,ages ( ,europe1 & ultimately creat$ an organiz$ sy/em ( hypocrisy1 & concealm5t & suppression ( sex-in/9cts1 :i*1 act+ z cov] to a vile comm]cial ,pro/itution & z a bre$+ gr\nd = horrible ,disease1 has la/$ on ev5 to ! edge ( ! pres5t day8 ,?is is a fair "q1 & "o :i* dem&s an answ]4 ,!re mu/ h be5 a reason1 & a deep-root$ "o1 = ?is rem>kable reaction & volte-face :i* has *>act]iz$ ,*ri/ianity1 &1 p]haps to a less] degree1 o!r bo? e>li] & lat] cults l ^? ( ! ,buddhi/s1 ! ,egyptians1 ! ,aztecs1 7#a7 & s =?4 7#a7 ,= ! ,aztecs1 see ,aco/a1 vol4 ii1 p4 #cbd 7,london1 #afjd74 ,x may be said--& ?is is a fair answ] on ! ,,surface ( ! problem--t ! ma9 reason ,,0 some?+ 9 ! nature ( a reaction4 ,! excesses & corruptions ( sex 9 ,syria _h evid5tly become pretty bad1 & t v fact may h l$ to a p5dulum-sw+ ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur* 9 ! opposite direction2 & aga9 9 ! same way ! g5]al laxity ( morals 9 ! decay ( ! ,roman empire may h confirm$ ! ,*ur* ( e>ly ,*ri/5dom 9 its det]m9ation to keep along ! great high road ( asceticism4 ,! ,*ri/ian foll[$ on ! ,jewi% & ,egyptian ,*ur*es1 & 9 ?is way a great tradition ( sexual cont95ce & anti-pagan morality came "r d[n ! c5turies ev5 into mod]n times4 ,?is seems s f> a reasonable !ory2 b ,i ?9k we %all g f>!r & get ne>] ! he>t ( ! problem if we rev]t to ! g5]al clue :i* ,i h foll[$ already m ?an once--! clue ( ! necess>y evolution ( human ,consci\snss4 ,9 ! fir/ or animal /age ( human evolution1 ,sex 0 7z among ! animals7 a p]fectly necess>y1 in/9ctive & unself-consci\s activity4 ,x 0 h>moni\s ) itself1 natural1 & unproductive ( evil4 ,b :5 ! second /age set 91 9 :i* man became prepond]antly self-consci\s1 he inevitably set ab\t deflect+ sex-activities to 8 own private pleasure & advantage2 he employ$ 8 budd+ intellect 9 s*em+ ! d]ailm5t ( passion & desire f tribal ne$s & ,nature's uses to ! poor details ( 8 own gratification4 ,if ! fir/ /age ( h>moni\s sex-in/9ct & activity may be held z *>act]i/ic ( ! ,gold5 ,age1 ! second /age mu/ be tak5 to repres5t ! ,fall ( man & 8 expulsion f ,p>adise 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 /ory4 ,! pleasure & glory ( ,sex hav+ be5 turn$ to self-purposes1 ,sex itself became ! great ,s94 ,a s5se ( guilt ov]spread man's ?\ghts on ! subject4 ,he knew t he 0 nak$1 & he fl$ f ! voice & face ( ! ,"l4 ,f t mom5t "o ( ! ma9 objects ( 8 life 79 its inn] & new] activities7 came to be ! d5ial ( ,sex4 ,sex 0 conceiv$ ( z ! great ,antagoni/1 ! old ,s]p5t ly+ ev] 9 wait to betray him2 & !re arriv$ a mom5t 9 ! hi/ory ( e race1 & ( e repres5tative religion1 :5 ! sexual rites & c]emonies ( ! old] "t lo/ _! naive & quasi-innoc5t "* & became afflict$ ) a s5se ( guilt & indec5cy4 ,?is extraord9>ily int]e/+ & dramatic mom5t 9 human evolution 0 ( c\rse t 9 :i* self-consci\sness grew p[]ful en\gh to p5etrate to ! c5tre ( human vitality1 ! sanctum ( man's inn] life1 8 sexual in/9ct1 & to deal x a t]rific bl[--a bl[ f :i* x has nev] yet recov]$1 & f :i* inde$ x w n recov]1 until ! v nature ( man's inn] life is *ang$4 ,x may be said t x 0 v fooli% ( ,man to d5y & to try to expel a p]fectly natural & s5sible ?+1 a necess>y & indisp5sable "p ( 8 own nature4 ,& t1 z f> z ,i c see1 is p]fectly true4 ,b sometimes x is unavoidable1 x w\ld seem1 to d fooli% ?+s--if only to conv9ce oneself ( "o's own fooli%ness4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?is policy on ! "p ( ,man 0 c]ta9ly v wise--wis] ?an he knew--= 9 attempt+ to drive out ,sex 7:i* ( c\rse he c\ld n d7 he ent]$ into a conflict :i* 0 b\nd to end 9 ! expulsion ( ,,some?+2 & t some?+ 0 ! dom9ation1 )9 himself1 ( self-consci\sness1 ! v ?+ :i* makes & ev] has made sex dete/able4 ,man did n succe$ 9 driv+ ! snake out ( ! ,g>d51 b he drove himself out1 tak+ ! real old s]p5t ( self-gre$ & self-gratification ) him4 ,:5 "s day he returns to ,p>adise ?is latt] w h di$ 9 8 bosom & be5 ca/ away1 b he w f9d ! good ,snake !re z ( old1 full ( heal+ & fri5dl9ess1 among ! bran*es ( ! ,tree ( ,life4 ,besides x is evid5t f o!r consid]ations t ?is mom5t ( ! d5ial ( sex ,,_h to come4 ,:5 "o ?9ks ( ! enorm\s p[] ( ?is passion1 & its age-long1 hold ^u ! human race1 "o realizes t once lib]at$ f ! in/9ctive bonds ( nature1 & back$ by a self-consci\s & self-seek+ human intellig5ce x 0 on ! way to become a fe>ful curse4 ,a mon/r\s ,eft 0 ( old ! ,"l & ,ma/] ( ,e>?2 ,= him did 8 high sun flame1 & 8 riv] bill[+ ran4 ,& ?is may h be5 all v well & appropriate 9 ! c>bonif]\s ,epo*1 b ,,we 9 ! end ( ,"t h no desire to fall "u any su* prepo/]\s dom9ation1 or to return to ! primal swamps f :i* organic nature has s sl[ly & pa9fully em]g$4 ,i say x 0 ! entry ( self-consci\sness into ! sph]e ( ,sex1 & ! consequ5t use ( ! latt] = private ends1 :i* poison$ ?is great race-p[] at its root4 ,= above all1 ,sex1 z repres5t+ ?r\gh ,*ildbir? ! life ( ! ,race 7or ( ! ,tribe1 or1 if y l1 ( ,humanity at l>ge7 %\ld be sacr$ & gu>d$ f m]ely selfi% aims1 & !re=e to use x only = su* aims is inde$ a desecration4 ,& ev5 if--z "s ma9ta9 & ,i ?9k rightly 7#a7--sex is n ,,m]ely = *ild-bir? & physical procreation1 b = mutual vitaliz+ & invigoration1 x /ill subs]ves union & n egotism2 & to use x egoti/ically is to commit ! s9 ( ,sep>ation inde$4 ,x is to ca/ away & corrupt ! v bond ( life & fell[%ip4 ,! anci5t peoples at any rate ?rew an illum9ation ( religi\s 7t is1 ( communal & public7 value ov] sex-acts1 & to a great ext5t made !m into matt]s ei!r ( ,temple-ritual & ! wor%ip ( ! gods1 or ( communal & p&emic celebration1 z 9 ! ,saturnalia & o!r simil> fe/ivals4 ,we h c]ta9ly no "r to reg>d ^! celebrations--( ei!r k9d--z ins9c]e4 ,!y 71 at any rate 9 _! inception1 g5u9ely religi\s or g5u9ely social & fe/al2 & f ei!r po9t ( view !y 7 f> bett] ?an ! secrecy ( private indulg5ce :i* *>act]izes our mod]n _w 9 ^! matt]s4 ,! ?or\gh & %ameless comm]cialism ( ,sex has alas6 be5 res]v$ = :at is call$ ,*ri/ian civilization1 & ) x 7p]haps z a necess>y consequ5ce7 ,pro/itution & ,syphilis h gr[n into appall+ evils1 accompani$ by a gigantic degradation ( social /&>ds1 & upgr[? ( petty ,phili/9ism & niais]ie4 ,love1 9 fact1 hav+ 9 ?is mod]n _w-movem5t be5 d5i$1 & its natural manife/ations affect$ ) a s5se ( guilt & ( s91 has really langui%$ & ceas$ to play its natural "p 9 life2 & a va/ numb] ( p--bo? m5 & wom51 f9d+ !mselves b>r$ or d]ail$ f ! ma9 object ( exi/5ce1 h turn$ _! en]gies to 'bus9ess' or 'money-mak+' or 'social advancem5t' or some?+ equally futile1 z ! only poor sub/itute & pis all] op5 to !m4 7#a7 ,see ,havelock ,ellis1 ,! ,objects ( ,m>riage1 a pamphlet publi%$ by ! ,briti% ,society = ! ,/udy ( ,sex-psy*ology4 ,:y 7aga9 we ask7 did ,*ri/ianity make ?is app>5tly great mi/ake8 ,& aga9 we mu/ reply3 ,p]haps ! mi/ake 0 n s great z x appe>s to be4 ,p]haps ?is 0 ano!r case ( ! necessity ( le>n+ by loss4 ,love _h to be d5i$1 9 ! =m ( sex1 9 ord] t x might ?us ! bett] le>n its own true values & ne$s4 ,sex _h to be reject$1 or defil$ ) ! s5se ( guilt & self-seek+1 9 ord] t hav+ ca/ out its defilem5t x might return "o day1 trans=m$ 9 ! embrace ( love4 ,! :ole process has _h a deep & /range _w-significance4 ,x has l$ to an imm5sely long p]iod ( suppression--suppression ( two great in/9cts--! physical in/9ct ( sex & ! emotional in/9ct ( love4 ,two ?+s :i* %\ld naturally be conjo9$ h be5 sep>at$2 & bo? h suff]$4 ,& we "k f ! ,freudian tea*+s :at suppressions 9 ! root-in/9cts necess>ily mean4 ,we "k t !y inevitably t]m9ate 9 diseases & di/ortions ( prop] action1 ei!r 9 ! body or 9 ! m9d1 or 9 bo?2 & t ^! evils c only be cur$ by ! lib]ation ( ! said in/9cts aga9 to _! prop] expression & h>moni\s function+ 9 ! :ole organism4 ,no wond] !n t1 ) ?is agelong suppression 7necess>y 9 a s5se ?\gh x may h be57 :i* m>ks ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation1 !re %\ld h be5 associat$ endless ,sickness & ,crime & sordid ,pov]ty1 ! ,crucifixion ( animals 9 ! "n ( ,sci5ce & ( human work]s 9 ! "n ( ,weal?1 & w>s & horrors innum]able6 ,h]cules wri?+ 9 ! ,nessus-%irt or ,prome!us nail$ to ! rocks are only z figures ( a toy m9iature comp>$ ) ?is vision ( ! great & div9e ,_s ( ,man caught 9 ! clut*es ( ^? dread ,diseases :i* ?r\gh ! c5turies h be5 eat+ into 8 v he>t & vitals4 ,x w\ld n be fair to pile on ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ! blame = all ?is4 ,x _h1 no d\bt1 its "p to play 9 ! :ole great s*eme1 namely1 to acc5tuate ! self-motive2 & x play$ ! "p v ?or\ghly & successfully4 ,= x mu/ be rememb]$ 7:at ,i h aga9 & aga9 insi/$ on7 t 9 ! pagan cults x 0 always ! salvation ( ! ,,clan1 ! ,,tribe1 ! p t 0 ! ma9 consid]ation2 ! advantage ( ! individual took only a v second>y "p4 ,b 9 ,*ri/5dom--aft] ! communal en?usiasms ( apo/olic days & ( ! m$ieval & mona/ic bro!rhoods & si/]hoods _h di$ d[n--religion occupi$ itself m & m ) ea* man or woman's ,,individual salvation1 reg>dless ( :at might happ5 to ! community2 till1 ) ! rise ( ,prote/antism & ,puritanism1 ?is t5d5cy rea*$ su* an extreme t1 z "s "o has said1 ea* man 0 absorb$ 9 poli%+ up 8 own little s\l 9 a corn] to himself1 9 entire disreg>d to ! damnation :i* might come to 8 neighbor4 ,religion1 & ,morality too1 "u ! comm]cial regime became1 z 0 natural1 p]fectly selfi%4 ,x 0 always3 ,am ,i sav$8 ,am ,i do+ ! "r ?+8 ,am ,i w9n+ ! favor ( ,god & man8 ,w my claims to salvation be all[$8 ,did ,i make a good b>ga9 9 all[+ ,jesus to be crucifi$ = me8 ,! poison ( a diseas$ self-consci\sness ent]$ into ! :ole human sy/em4 ,z ,i say1 "o mu/ n blame ! ,*ri/ians too mu* = all ?is--p>tly because1 ,,aft] ! communal p]iods :i* ,i h j m5tion$1 ,*ri/ianity 0 evid5tly deeply influ5c$ by ! rise ( ,,comm]cialism1 to :i* dur+ ! la/ two c5turies x has s c>efully & pi\sly adapt$ itself2 & p>tly because--if our view is any:]e ne> "r--?is microbial injection ( self-consci\sness 0 j ! necess>y "w :i* 79 conjunction ) comm]cialism7 x ,,_h to p]=m4 ,b ?\gh "o does n blame ,*ri/ianity "o _c bl9d oneself to its defects--! defects necess>ily aris+ f ! "p x _h to play4 ,:5 "o comp>es a heal?y ,pagan ritual--say ( ,apollo or ,dionysus--includ+ its rude & crude sacrifices if y l1 b also includ+ its :ole-he>t$ spontaneity & d$ication to ! common life & welf>e--) ! morbid self-introspection ( ! ,*ri/ian & ! et]nally recurr+ "q ,:at %all ,i d to be sav$8--! comp>ison is n favorable to ! latt]4 ,!re is 7at any rate 9 mod]n days7 a mawki% milk-&-wat]9ess ab\t ! ,*ri/ian attitude1 & also a pa9ful self-consci\sness1 :i* is n pleasant2 & ?\gh ,nietzs*e's blonde bea/ is a suffici5tly disagreeable animal1 "o almo/ ?9ks t x 7 bett] to be ,,t ?an to g ab\t ) "o's head meekly hang+ on "o side1 & talk+ always ( altruism & self-sacrifice1 :ile 9 reality "o's he>t 0 entirely occupi$ ) ! "q ( "o's own salvation4 ,!re is besides a lam5table want ( grit & sub/ance ab\t ! ,*ri/ian doctr9es & c]emonials4 ,someh[ "u ! sex-taboo !y became spiritualiz$ & e!realiz$ out ( all human use4 ,/udy ! initiation-rites ( any savage tribe--) _! /rict discipl9e ( ! "y braves 9 =titude1 & ! ov]com+ ( pa9 & fe>2 ) _! v detail$ lessons 9 ! arts ( w> & life & ! duties ( ! gr[n man to 8 tribe2 & ) _! q practical in/ruction 9 matt]s ( ,sex2 & !n read our little ,baptismal & ,confirmation s]vices1 :i* ought to correspond !reto4 ,h[ ?9 & att5uat$ & weak ! latt] appe>6 ,or comp>e ! ,holy ,communion1 z celebrat$ 9 ! s5tim5tal atmosph]e ( a ,prote/ant ,*ur*1 ) an anci5t ,eu*>i/ic fea/ ( real jollity & community ( life "u ! ackn[l$g$ pres5ce ( ! god2 or ! ,roman ,ca?olic s]vice ( ! ,mass1 includ+ its g5uflexions & mock oblations & dron+ ritual s+-song1 ) ! actual sacrifice 9 e>ly days ( an animal-god-victim on a blaz+ alt>2 & ,i ?9k my mean+ w be cle>4 ,we d n want1 ( c\rse1 to return to all ! crudities & b>b>ities ( ! pa/2 b also we d n want to become att5uat$ & spiritualiz$ out ( all mundane s5se & recognition1 & to live 9 an o!rworld ,p>adise void ( application to e>?ly affairs4 ,! sex-taboo 9 ,*ri/ianity 0 app>5tly1 z ,i h said1 an ef=t ( ! human s\l to wre/ itself free f ! entanglem5t ( physical lu/--:i* lu/1 ?\gh normal & appropriate & 9 a way graci\s among ! animals1 _h ?r\gh ! dom9ation ( self-consci\sness become diseas$ & morbid or mon/r\s 9 ,man4 ,! "w ?us done has probably be5 ( ! greate/ value to ! human race2 b1 j z 9 o!r cases x has sometimes happ5$ t ! ef=t to d a c]ta9 "w has result$ 9 ! end 9 an unbalanc$ exagg]ation s "h4 ,we are beg9n+ to see n[ ! h>mful side ( ! repression ( sex1 & are t5tatively f9d+ our way back aga9 to a m pagan attitude4 ,& z ?is return-movem5t is tak+ place at a "t :51 f _m obvi\s signs1 ! self-consci\s1 grasp+1 comm]cial conception ( life is prep>+ to g on ! wane1 & ! s5se ( solid>ity to re-e/abli% itself1 !re is really good hope t our return-j\rney may prove 9 "s degree successful4 ,man progresses g5]ally1 n bo? legs at once l a sp>r[1 b by putt+ "o leg =w>d fir/1 & !n ! o!r4 ,!re 0 ?is advantage 9 ! ,*ri/ian taboo ( sex t by disc\rag+ ! physical & s5sual side ( love x did = ! "t be+ all[ ! spiritual side to come =w>d4 ,b1 z ,i h j n[ indicat$1 !re is a limit to t process4 ,we _c always keep "o leg fir/ 9 walk+1 & we d n want1 9 life1 always to put ! spiritual fir/1 nor always ! mat]ial & s5sual4 ,! two sides 9 ! long run h to keep pace ) ea* o!r4 ,& x may be t a great numb] ( ! v curi\s & seem+ly s5seless taboos t we f9d among ! primitive peoples c be p>tly expla9$ 9 ?is way3 t is1 t by rul+ out c]ta9 directions ( activity !y enabl$ p to conc5trate m effectually1 = ! "t be+1 on o!r directions4 ,to primitive folk ! great _w1 ^: ways are puzzl+ en\gh 9 all consci5ce to u1 mu/ h be5 simply bewild]+ 9 its dang]s & complications4 ,x 0 an amazem5t ( ,fe> & ,ignorance4 ,?und]bolts might come at any mom5t out ( ! blue sky1 or a demon out ( an old tree trunk1 or a deva/at+ plague out ( a bad smell--or app>5tly ev5 out ( no?+ at all6 ,"u ^? circum/ances x 0 p]haps wise1 :]ev] !re 0 ! smalle/ ,,suspicion ( dang] or ill-luck1 to create a h>d & fa/ ,,taboo--j z we tell our *ildr5 ,,on ,,no ,,acc\nt to walk "u a ladd] 7!reby creat+ a sup]/ition 9 _! m9ds71 p>tly because x w\ld take too long to expla9 all ab\t ! real dang]s ( pa9t-pots & o!r ?+s1 & p>tly because = ! *ildr5 !mselves x seems simpl] to h a fix$ & inviolable law ?an to argue ov] e case t occurs4 ,! prie/s & eld]s among e>ly folk no d\bt took ! l9e ( ,,=biddal ( activities1 z saf] & simpl]1 ev5 if c>ri$ sometimes too f>1 ?an ! opposite1 ( easy p]mission & enc\ragem5t4 ,taboos multipli$--_m ( !m q s5seless--b p]haps 9 ?is p]il\s maze ( ! _w1 ( :i* ,i h spok51 x really ,,0 simpl] to cut out a l>ge "p ( ! labyr9?1 z =bidd5 gr\nd1 ?us r5d]+ x easi] = ! p to f9d _! way 9 ^? portions ( ! labyr9? :i* rema9$4 ,if y read 9 ,deut]onomy 7*4 xiv7 ! li/ ( birds & bea/s & fi%es p]mitt$ = food among ! ,israelites1 or taboo$1 y w f9d ! li/ on ! :ole reasonable1 b y w be /ruck by "s curi\s exceptions 7accord+ to our ideas71 :i* are probably to be expla9$ by ! necessity ( mak+ ! rules simple en\gh to be compreh5d$ by ev]ybody--ev5 if !y includ$ ! =biddal ( "s q eatable animals4 ,at "s e>ly p]iod1 9 ,babylonia or ,assyria1 a v /r+5t taboo on ! ,sabba? arose1 :i*1 tak5 up 9 turn by ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es1 has rul$ ! ,we/]n ,_w = ?ree ?\s& ye>s or m1 & /ill survives 9 a q s5seless =m among "s ( our rural populations1 :o w see _! corn rot 9 ! fields r ?an save x on a ,sunday4 7#a7 ,x is q likely t ?is taboo 9 its fir/ beg9n+ 0 due n to any ne$ ( a weekly re/-day 7a ne$ :i* c\ld nev] be felt among nomad savages1 b w\ld only occur 9 "s k9d ( indu/rial & /ation>y civilization71 b to "s sup]/iti\s fe>1 connect$ ) su* ?+s z ! *anges ( ! ,moon1 & ! probable ,,ill-,,luck ( any ent]prise und]tak5 on ! sev5? day1 or any day ( ,moon-*ange4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t z "t w5t on & ,society became m complex1 ! advantages ( a weekly ,,re/-,,day 7or m>ket-day7 became m obvi\s & t ! prie/s & legislators delib]ately turn$ ! taboo to a social use4 7#b7 ,! le>n$ mod]n ,e?nologi/s1 h[ev]1 w g5]ally h none ( ?is latt] idea4 ,z a rule !y delight 9 repres5t+ e>ly peoples z totally de/itute ( common s5se 7:i* is suppos$ to be a monopoly ( u mod]ns672 & if ! ,sabba?-arrangem5t has _h any value or use !y insi/ on ascrib+ ?is to pure accid5t1 & n to ! application ( any sane argum5t or reason4 7#a7 ,= o!r absurd ,sunday taboos see ,we/]m>ck on ,! ,moral ,ideas1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bhi4 7#b7 ,= a trac+ ( ?is taboo f useless sup]/ition to practical utility see ,ha/+s's ,encycl4 ,religion & ,e?ics1 art4 ,! ,sabba?4 ,x is true inde$ t a taboo--9 ord] to be a prop] taboo--mu/ n re/ 9 ! g5]al m9d on argum5t or reason4 ,x may h _h good s5se 9 ! pa/ or ev5 an und]ly+ good s5se 9 ! pres5t1 b its f\ndation mu/ re/ on some?+ beyond4 ,x mu/ be an absolute fiat--some?+ ( ! nature ( a ,my/]y 7#a7 or ( ,religion or ,magic-& n to be disput$4 ,?is gives x its blood-curdl+ quality4 ,! ru/ic does n "k :at w\ld happ5 to him if he g>n]$ 8 corn on ,sunday1 nor does ! d9]-out 9 polite society "k :at w\ld happ5 if he spoon$ up 8 food ) 8 knife--b !y bo? are /rick5 ) a sort ( p>alysis at ! v sugge/ion ( infr++ ^! taboos4 7#a7 ,see ,we/]m>ck1 ,ibid41 ii4 #ehf4 ,m>riage-cu/oms h always be5 a f]tile field = ! g5]ation ( taboos4 ,x seems d\btful :e!r any?+ l absolute promiscuity ev] prevail$ among ! human race1 b !re is mu* to %[ t wide *oice & int]c\rse 7 common among primitive folk & t ! t5d5cy ( lat] m>riage cu/om has be5 on ! :ole to ,,limit ?is range ( *oice4 ,at "s e>ly p]iod ! =biddal ( m>riage betwe5 ^? :o bore ! same totem-"n took place4 ,?us 9 ,au/ralia no man ( ! ,emu /ock might m>ry an ,emu woman2 no ,blacksnake might m>ry a ,blacksnake woman1 & s =?4 7#a7 ,among ! ,kamil>oi & ! ,arunta ( ,s4 ,au/ralia ! tribe 0 divid$ into classes or clans1 sometimes f\r1 sometimes eight1 & a man ( "o p>ticul> clan 0 only m>riageable ) a woman ( ano!r p>ticul> clan--say 7#a7 ) 7#c7 or 7#b7 ) 7#d71 & s on4 7#b7 ,cu/oms ) a simil> t5d5cy1 b diff]5t 9 detail1 seem to h prevail$ among native tribes 9 ,c5tral ,africa & ,n4 ,am]ica4 ,& ! regulations 9 all ?is matt] h be5 s 7app>5tly7 entirely arbitr>y 9 ! v>i\s cases t x w\ld almo/ appe> z if ! b> ( k9%ip ?r\gh ! ,totem _h be5 ! ,,excuse1 orig9at+ p]haps 9 "s sup]/ition1 b t ! real & m abid+ object 0 simply limitation4 ,& ?is p]haps 0 a wise l9e to take4 ,a taboo on promiscuity _h to be creat$1 & = ?is purpose any curr5t prejudice c\ld be made use (4 7#c7 7#a7 ,my?1 ,ritual & ,religion1 i1 p4 #ff4 7#b7 ,see ,sp5c] & ,gill51 ,native ,tribes ( ,au/ralia4 7#c7 ,! au?or ( ,! ,my/ic ,rose seems to take ?is view4 ,see p4 #bad ( t book4 ,) u mod]ns ! :ole matt] has tak5 a diff]5t complexion4 ,:5 we consid] ! enorm\s am\nt ( suff]+ & disease1 bo? ( m9d & body1 aris+ f ! sex-suppression ( :i* ,i h j spok51 especially among wom51 we see t m]e unreason+ taboos--:i* possibly _h _! place & use 9 ! pa/--c be tol]at$ no long]4 ,we are b\nd to turn ! se>*light ( reason & sci5ce on a numb] ( sup]/itions :i* /ill l+] 9 ! d>k & mu/y places ( ! ,*ur*es & ! ,law c\rts4 ,mod]n inquiry has %[n conclusively n only ! f\ndational importance ( sex 9 ! evolution ( ea* human be+1 b also ! v great ,,v>iety ( spontane\s manife/ations 9 diff]5t individuals & ! vital necessity t ^! %\ld be recogniz$1 if society is ev] to exp& into a rational human =m4 ,x is n my object "h to sket* ! future ( m>riage & sex-relations g5]ally--a subject :i* is n[ be+ dealt ) v effectively f _m sides2 b only to insi/ on our us+ our good s5se 9 ! :ole matt]1 & refus+ any long] to be b\nd by s5seless pre-judgm5ts4 ,some?+ ( ! same k9d may be said ) reg>d to ,nak$ness1 :i* 9 mod]n ,civilization has become ! object ( a v s]i\s & inde$ h>mful taboo2 bo? ( spee* & act4 ,z someone has said1 x became 9 ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury almo/ a crime to m5tion by "n any portion ( ! human body )9 a radius ( ab\t tw5ty in*es f its c5tre 767 & z a matt] ( fact a few dress-re=m]s ( t p]iod 7 actually br\ght into c\rt & treat$ z crim9als = go+ ab\t ) legs b>e up to ! knees1 & %\ld]s & *e/ uncov]$6 ,public follies su* z ^! h be5 responsible = mu* ( ! bodily & m5tal disease & suppression j m5tion$1 & ! soon] !y are s5t to limbo ! bett]4 ,no s5sible p]son w\ld advocate promiscu\s nak$ness any m ?an promiscu\s sex-relation%ip2 nor is x likely t ag$ & de=m$ p w\ld at any "t wi% to expose !mselves4 ,b surely !re is en\gh good s5se & appreciation ( grace & fitness 9 ! av]age human m9d = x to be able to lib]ate ! body f s5seless concealm5t1 & give x its due expression4 ,! ,greeks ( old1 hav+ on ! :ole clean bodies1 treat$ !m ) respect & di/9ction4 ,! "y m5 appe>$ q nak$ 9 ! palae/ra1 & ev5 ! girls ( ,sp>ta ran races publicly 9 ! same condition2 7#a7 & "s day :5 our bodies 7& m9ds too7 h become clean we %all return to simil> in/itutions4 ,b t w n be j yet4 ,z long z ! defilem5t ( ?is comm]cial civilization is on u we %all pref] our dirt & concealm5t4 ,! p[]s t be w prote/ aga9/ *ange4 ,he9ri* ,s*am1 9 8 *>m+ little pamphlet ,nack5de ,m5s*51 7#b7 describes ! con/]nation ( ! comm]cial p at su* ideas3 ',:at w become ( u1' cri$ ! tailors1 'if y g nak$8' ,& all ! lot ( !m1 hat1 cravat1 %irt1 & %oemak]s jo9$ 9 ! *orus4 ',,& ,,:]e ,,%all ,i ,,c>ry ,,my ,,money8' cri$ "o :o _h j be5 made a director4 7#a7 ,see ,!ocritus1 ,idyll xviii4 7#b7 ,publi%$ at ,leipzig ab\t #ahic4 ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,g5esis ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,ref]r+ back to ! exi/5ce ( some?+ resembl+ a great ,_w-religion :i* has come d[n ! c5turies1 cont9ually exp&+ & bran*+ 9 ! process1 we h n[ to consid] ! g5esis ( t special br& or bran* ( x :i* we call ,*ri/ianity4 ,ea* religion or cult1 pagan or ,*ri/ian1 has _h1 z we h se51 a va/ am\nt 9 common ) ! g5]al ,_w-religion2 yet ea* has _h its own special *>act]i/ics4 ,:at h be5 ! ma9 *>act]i/ics ( ! ,*ri/ian bran*1 z diff]5tiat+ x f ! o!r bran*es8 ,we saw 9 ! la/ *apt] t a c]ta9 ascetic attitude t[>ds ,sex 0 "o ( ! mo/ sali5t m>ks ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 & t :]eas mo/ ( ! pagan cults 7?\gh occasionally favor+ frightful au/]ities & cruel sacrifices7 did on ! :ole rejoice 9 pleasure & ! _w ( ! s5ses1 ,*ri/ianity--foll[+ l>gely on ,judaism--display$ a t5d5cy t[>ds r5unciation ( ! _w & ! fle%1 & a )drawal into ! inn] & m spiritual regions ( ! m9d4 ,! same t5d5cy may be trac$ 9 ! ,egyptian & ,phrygian cults ( t p]iod4 ,x w be rememb]$ h[ ,juv5al 7,sat4 ,,vi1 #eaj-dj7 *affs ! prie/s ( ,cybele at ,rome = mak+ !mselves eunu*s = ! k+dom ( heav5's sake1 or ! ri* ,roman lady = plung+ 9 ! w9try ,tib] = a propitiation to ,isis4 ,no d\bt among ! lat] pagans ! long intol]able tyranny ( ! s5ses ov] ! s\l _h become a v s]i\s matt]4 ,b ,*ri/ianity repres5t$ p]haps ! mo/ p[]ful reaction aga9/ ?is2 & ?is reaction _h1 z indicat$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 ! enorm\sly valuable result t 7= ! "t7 x dis5tangl$ love f sex & e/abli%$ ,love1 pure & undefil$1 z rul] ( ! _w4 ,god is ,love4 ,b1 z also indicat$1 ! divorce betwe5 ! two elem5ts ( human nature1 c>ri$ to an extreme1 l$ 9 "t to a crippl+ ( bo? elem5ts & ! developm5t ( a c]ta9 morbidity & self-consci\sness :i*1 x _c be d5i$1 is pa9fully m>k$ among "s sections ( ,*ri/ians--especially ^? ( ! altrui/ic & 'philan?ropic' type4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/ianity :i* is also v f9e 9 its way b has its limits ( utility1 has be5 its insi/5ce on morality4 ,"s mod]n writ]s inde$ h gone s f>--=gett+1 ,i suppose1 ! ,/oics--z to claim t ,*ri/ianity's *ief m>k is its high morality1 & t ! pagans g5]ally 7 q want+ 9 ! moral s5se6 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is a pr(\nd mi/ake4 ,i %\ld say t1 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w1 ! e>ly & tribal peoples h be5 mu* m 'moral' z a rule--t is1 ready z individuals to pay respect to ! ne$s ( ! community--?an ! lat] & m civiliz$ societies4 ,b ! mi/ake arises f ! diff]5t int]pretations ( ! ^w2 = :]eas all ! pagan religions insi/$ v /rongly on ! j-m5tion$ k9d ( morality1 :i* we %\ld call civic duty to "o's neighbor1 ! ,*ri/ian made morality to consi/ m especially 9 a man's duty to ,god4 ,x became ) !m a private affair betwe5 a man's self & ,god1 r ?an a public affair2 & ?us l$ 9 ! end to a v obnoxi\s & q ph>isaic k9d ( morality1 ^: *ief inspiration 0 n ! help+ ( "o's fell[-man b ! sav+ ( "o's own s\l4 ,!re may p]haps be o!r sali5t po9ts ( diff]5tiation betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ! prec$+ pagan religions2 b = ! pres5t we may recognize ^! two--7a7 ! t5d5cy t[>ds a r5unciation ( ! _w1 & ! consequ5t cultivation ( a purely spiritual love & 7b7 ! insi/5ce on a morality ^: inspiration 0 a private s5se ( duty to ,god r ?an a public s5se ( duty to "o's neighbor & to society g5]ally4 ,x may be int]e/+ to trace ! causes :i* l$ to ?is diff]5tiation4 ,?ree c5turies be=e our era ! conque/s ( ,alex&] _h _h ! effect ( spread+ ! ,greek ?\ght & culture ov] mo/ ( ! kn[n _w4 ,a va/ numb] ( small bodies ( wor%ip]s ( local deities1 ) _! v>i\s rituals & religi\s cu/oms1 _h ?us be5 brok5 up1 or at lea/ br\ght into contact ) ea* o!r & p>tially modifi$ & hell5iz$4 ,! orbit ( a m g5]al conception ( life & religion 0 already be+ trac$4 ,by ! "t ( ! f\nd+ ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ! imm5se conque/s ( ,rome _h greatly ext5d$ & e/abli%$ ! process4 ,! ,m$it]ranean _h become a great ,roman lake4 ,m]*ant %ips & r\tes ( traffic cross$ x 9 all directions2 t\ri/s visit$ its %ores4 ,! kn[n _w _h become "o4 ,! numb]less peoples1 tribes1 nations1 societies )9 ! girdle ( ! ,empire1 ) _! v>i\s languages1 cre$s1 cu/oms1 religions1 philosophies1 7 pr(\ndly influ5c+ ea* o!r4 7#a7 ,a great fusion 0 tak+ place2 & x 0 becom+ inevitable t ! next great religi\s movem5t w\ld h a _w-wide "*4 7#a7 ,= an enl>gem5t on ?is !me see ,glov]'s ,conflict ( ,religions 9 ! e>ly ,roman ,empire2 also ,s4 ,j4 ,case1 ,evolution ( ,e>ly ,*ri/ianity 7,univ]sity ( ,*icago1 #aiad74 ,! ,adonis wor%ip1 = in/ance 7a resurrection-cult71 0 /ill ?riv+ 9 ,syria & ,cyprus :5 ,paul prea*$ !re1 & ! wor%ip ( ,isis & ,s]apis _h already rea*$ !n1 ,rome & ,naples4 ,x 0 probable t ?is new religion w\ld comb9e _m elem5ts f ! prec$+ rituals 9 "o cult4 ,9 connection ) ! f9e temples & elaborate s]vices ( ,isis & ,cybele & ,mi?ra !re 0 gr[+ up a p[]ful prie/hood2 ,franz ,cumont 7#a7 speaks ( ! le>n$ prie/s ( ! ,asiatic cults z build+ up1 on ! f\ndations ( old feti*ism & sup]/ition1 a complete religi\s philosophy--j z ! ,brahm9s _h built ! monism ( ! ,v$anta on ! mon/r\s idolatries ( ,h9duism4 ,& x 0 likely t a simil> process w\ld evolve ! new religion expect$4 ,t\ta9 aga9 calls att5tion to ! patronage accord$ to all ^! cults by ! ,roman ,emp]ors1 z favor+ a new comb9ation & syn!sis3--,hadri51 ,commode1 ,septime ,svre1 ,julia ,domna1 ,elagabal1 ,alex&re ,svre1 en p>ticuli] ont contribu p]sonnellem5t a la popul>it et au succes des cultes qui se celebrai5t en l'honneur de ,s]apis et d',isis1 des div9its syri5nes et de ,mi?ra4 7#b7 7#a7 ,see ,cumont1 ,religions ,ori5tales dans le ,paganisme ,roma9 7,p>is1 #aijf71 p4 #bec4 7#b7 ,cultes pai5s dans l',empire ,roma9 7#b vols41 #aiaa71 vol4 ii1 p4 #bfc4 ,x 0 also probable t ?is new ,religion w\ld %[ 7z indicat$ 9 ! la/ *apt]7 a reaction aga9/ m]e sex-indulg5ce2 &1 z reg>ds its /&>d ( ,morality g5]ally1 t1 among s _m conflict+ peoples ) _! v>i\s civic & local cu/oms1 x c\ld n well id5tify itself ) any ,,"o ( ^! b w\ld evolve an inn] inspiration ( its own :i* 9 its be/ =m w\ld be love ( ! neighbor1 reg>dless ( ! race1 cre$ or cu/oms ( ! neighbor1 & ^: sanction w\ld n reside 9 any ( ! ext]nal au?orities ?us conflict+ ) ea* o!r1 b 9 ! s5se ( ! s\l's direct responsibility to ,god4 ,s mu* = :at we might expect a priori z to ! influ5ce ( ! surr\nd+s on ! g5]al =m ( ! new ,religion4 ,& :at ab\t ! k9d ( cre$ or cre$s :i* t religion w\ld favor8 ,"h aga9 we mu/ see t ! influ5ce ( ! surr\nd+s compell$ a c]ta9 result4 ,^? doctr9es :i* we h describ$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s--doctr9es ( ,s9 & ,sacrifice1 a ,savior1 ! ,eu*>i/1 ! ,tr9ity1 ! ,virg9-bir?1 & s =?--7 9 _! v>i\s =ms see?+1 s to speak1 all ar\nd4 ,x 0 impossible = any new religi\s syn!sis to escape !m2 all x c\ld d w\ld be to appropriate !m1 & to give !m p]haps a color ( its own4 ,?us x is into ! mid/ ( ?is g]m9at+ mass t we mu/ imag9e ! v>i\s pagan cults1 l f]tiliz+ /reams1 desc5d+4 ,to trace all ^! /reams w\ld ( c\rse be an impossible task2 b x may be ( use1 z an example ( ! process1 to take ! case ( "s p>ticul> belief4 ,let u take ! belief 9 ! com+ ( a ,savior-god2 & ?is w be ! m suitable z x is a belief :i* has 9 ! pa/ be5 commonly held to be di/9ctive ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,( c\rse we "k n[ t x is n 9 any s5se di/9ctive1 b t ! long tradition ( ! ,savior comes d[n f ! remote/ times1 & p]haps f e c\ntry ( ! _w4 7#a7 ,! ,messianic prophecies ( ! ,jews & ! fifty-?ird *apt] ( ,isaiah empti$ !mselves into ! ,*ri/ian tea*+s1 & infect$ !m to "s degree ) a ,judaic t+e4 ,! ,messiah means ( c\rse ! ,ano9t$ ,"o4 ,! ,hebrew ^w occurs "s #dj times 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 & ea* "t 9 ! ,septuag9t or ,greek translation 7made ma9ly 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,,be=e our era7 ! ^w is translat$ gr cri/os1 or ,*ri/os1 :i* aga9 means ,ano9t$4 ,?us we see t ! idea or ! ^w ,! ,*ri/ 0 9 vogue 9 ,alex&ria z f> back c]ta9ly z #bhj ,b4,c41 or ne>ly ?ree c5turies be=e ,jesus4 ,& :at ! ^w ,! ,ano9t$ /rictly speak+ means1 & f :at ! expression is probably d]iv$1 w appe> lat]4 ,9 ,! ,book ( ,eno*1 writt5 n lat] ?an ,b4,c4 #agj1 7#b7 ! ,*ri/ is spok5 ( z already exi/+ 9 heav51 & ab\t to come z judge ( all m51 & is def9itely call$ ! ,son ( ,man4 ,! ,book ( ,revelations is ,,full ( passages f ,eno*2 s are ! ,epi/les ( ,paul2 s too ! ,gospels4 ,! ,book ( ,eno* believes 9 a ,gold5 ,age t is to come2 x has ,dantesque visions ( ,heav5 & ,hell1 & ( ,angels good & evil1 & x speaks ( a g>d5 ( ,righte\sness ) ! ,tree ( ,wisdom 9 its mid/4 ,ev]y:]e1 says ,pr(4 ,drews1 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c41 !re 0 ! long+ = a com+ ,savior4 7#a7 ,ev5 to-day1 ! ,arabian l&s are always vibrat+ ) prophecies ( a com+ ,mahdi4 7#b7 ,see ,edition by ,r4 ,h4 ,*>les 7#ahic74 ,b ! ,savior-god1 z we also "k1 0 a famili> figure 9 ,egypt4 ,! great ,osiris 0 ! ,savior ( ! _w1 bo? 9 8 life & dea?3 9 8 life ?r\gh ! noble works he wr\ght = ! b5efit ( mank9d1 & 9 8 dea? ?r\gh 8 betrayal by ! p[]s ( d>kness & 8 resurrection f ! tomb & asc5t into heav54 7#a7 ,! ,egyptian doctr9es desc5d$ ?r\gh ,alex&ria into ,*ri/ianity--& ?\gh !y did n influ5ce ! latt] deeply until ab\t #cjj ,a4,d41 yet !y !n succe$$ 9 rea*+ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es1 giv+ a color to _! tea*+s ) reg>d to ! ,savior1 & p]suad+ !m to accept & honor ! ,egyptian wor%ip ( ,isis 9 ! ,*ri/ian =m ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 7#a7 ,see *4 ii4 ,aga91 ano!r great /ream ( influ5ce desc5d$ f ,p]sia 9 ! =m ( ! cult ( ,mi?ra4 ,mi?ra1 z we h se51 7#a7 /ood z a great ,m$iator betwe5 ,god & man4 ,) 8 baptisms & eu*>i/s1 & 8 twelve disciples1 & 8 bir? 9 a cave1 & s =?1 he seem$ to ! e>ly ,fa!rs an inv5tion ( ! devil & a mo/ dang]\s mock]y on ,*ri/ianity--& all ! m s because 8 wor%ip 0 becom+ s exce$+ly popul>4 ,! cult seems to h rea*$ ,rome ab\t ,b4,c4 #gj4 ,x spread f> & wide ?r\gh ! ,empire4 ,x ext5d$ to ,great ,brita91 & num]\s rema9s ( ,mi?raic monum5ts & sculptures 9 ?is c\ntry--at ,york1 ,*e/] & o!r places--te/ify to its wide acceptance ev5 "h4 ,at ,rome ! vogue ( ,mi?raism became s great t 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,a4 ,d41 x 0 q d\btful 7#b7 :e!r x ,,or ,*ri/ianity w\ld triumph2 ! ,emp]or ,aurelian 9 #bgc f\nd$ a cult ( ! ,inv9cible ,sun 9 connection ) ,mi?raism2 7#c7 & z ,/4 ,j]ome tells u 9 8 lett]s1 7#d7 ! latt] cult _h at a lat] "t to be suppress$ 9 ,rome & ,alex&ria by ,,physical ,,=ce1 s p[]ful 0 x4 7#a7 ,*4 ii4 7#b7 ,see ,cumont1 op4 cit41 :o says1 p4 #aga3--;,jamais1 pas meme a l'epoque des invasions mussulmanes1 l',europe ne sembla plus pres de dev5ir asiatique qu'au mom5t ou ,diocleti5 reconnaissait (ficiellem5t en ,mi?ra1 le protecteur de l'empire recon/itue4 ,see also ,cumont's ,my/]es de ,mi?ra1 preface4 ,! ,roman ,army1 9 fact1 /uck to ,mi?ra ?r\gh\t1 z aga9/ ,*ri/ianity2 & s did ! ,roman nobility4 7,see ,s4 ,augu/9e's ,confessions1 ,book ,,viii1 *4 #b47 7#c7 ,cumont inde$ says t ! id5tification ( ,mi?ra ) ! ,sun 7! emblem ( imp]ial p[]7 =m$ "o reason :y ,mi?raism 0 ,,n p]secut$ at t "t4 7#d7 ,epi/4 cvii1 ad ,laetam4 ,see ,rob]tson's ,pagan ,*ri/s1 p4 #cej4 ,nor 0 =ce ! only me?od employ$4 ,,imitation is n only ! s9c]e/ flatt]y1 b x is (t5 ! mo/ subtle & effective way ( defeat+ a rival4 ,! prie/s ( ! ris+ ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 71 l ! prie/s ( ,,all religions1 n want+ 9 craft2 & at ?is mom5t :5 ! "q ( a ,_w-religion 0 9 ! balance1 x 0 an obvi\s policy = !m to ?r[ into _! own scale z _m elem5ts z possible ( ! popul> ,pagan cults4 ,mi?raism _h be5 fl\ri%+ = #fjj ye>s2 & x is1 to say ! lea/1 ,,curi\s t ! ,mi?raic doctr9es & leg5ds :i* ,i h j m5tion$ %\ld all h be5 adopt$ 7q un9t5tionally ( c\rse67 into ,*ri/ianity2 & /ill m s t "s o!rs f ! same s\rce1 l ! leg5d ( ! ,%eph]ds at ! ,nativity & ! doctr9e ( ! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion1 :i* are ,,n m5tion$ at all 9 ! orig9al draft ( ! e>lie/ ,gospel 7,/4 ,m>k71 %\ld h made _! appe>ance1 9 ! ,*ri/ian writ+s at a lat] "t1 :5 ,mi?raism 0 mak+ great =w>d /rides4 ,hi/ory %[s t z a ,*ur* progresses & exp&s x g5]ally feels compell$ to enl>ge & =tify its own f\ndations by ins]t+ mat]ial :i* 0 n !re at fir/4 ,i %all %ortly give ano!r illu/ration ( ?is2 at pres5t ,i w m]ely po9t out t ! ,*ri/ian writ]s1 z "t w5t on1 n only introduc$ new doctr9es1 leg5ds1 miracles & s =?--mo/ ( :i* we c trace to antec$5t pagan s\rces--b t !y took especial pa9s to de/roy ! pagan records & s oblit]ate ! evid5ce ( _! own di%one/y4 ,we le>n f ,porphyry 7#a7 t !re 7 sev]al elaborate treatises sett+ =? ! religion ( ,mi?ra2 & ,j4 ,m4 ,rob]tson adds 7,pagan ,*ri/s1 p4 #cbe73 ev]yone ( ^! has be5 de/roy$ by ! c>e ( ! ,*ur*1 & x is rem>kable t ev5 ! treatise ( ,firmicus is mutilat$ at a passage 7v47 :]e he seems to be accus+ ,*ri/ians ( foll[+ ,mi?raic usages4 ,:ile aga9 ,pr(essor ,murray says1 ,! polemic lit]ature ( ,*ri/ianity is l\d & triumphant2 ! books ( ! ,pagans h be5 ,,de/roy$4 7#b7 7#a7 ,de ,ab/95tia1 ii4 #ef2 iv4 #af4 7#b7 ,f\r ,/ages1 p4 #ahj4 ,we h probably an in/ance ( ?is de/ruction 9 ! total disappe>ance ( ,celsus' lively attack on ,*ri/ianity 7#ahj ,a4,d471 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 portions h be5 =tunately pres]v$ 9 ,orig5's r prolix refutation ( ! same4 ,return+ to ! doctr9e ( ! ,savior1 ,i h already 9 prec$+ *apt]s giv5 s _m in/ances ( belief 9 su* a deity among ! pagans--:e!r he be call$ ,kri%na or ,mi?ra or ,osiris or ,horus or ,apollo or ,h]cules--t x is n necess>y to dwell on ! subject any fur!r 9 ord] to p]suade ! read] t ! doctr9e 0 '9 ! air' at ! "t ( ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,ev5 ,dionysus1 !n a prom95t figure 9 ! ',my/]ies1' 0 call$ ,eleu!rios1 ,! ,deliv]]4 ,b x may be ( int]e/ to trace ! same doctr9e among ! ,,pre-,,*ri/ian sects ( ,gno/ics4 ,! ,gno/ics1 says ,pr(essor ,murray1 7#a7 are /ill commonly ?\ght ( z a body ( ,,*ri/ian h]etics4 ,9 reality !re 7 ,gno/ic sects scatt]$ ov] ! ,hell5i/ic _w ,,be=e ,*ri/ianity z well z aft]4 ,!y mu/ h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ,antio* & probably 9 ,t>sus well be=e ! days ( ,paul or ,apollos4 ,_! ,savior1 l ! ,jewi% ,messiah1 0 e/abli%$ 9 m5's m9ds be=e ! ,savior ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ',if we look close1' says ,pr(essor ,b\sset1 '! result em]ges ) great cle>ness t ! figure ( ! ,r$eem] z su* did n wait = ,*ri/ianity to =ce its way into ! religion ( ,gnosis1 b 0 already pres5t !re "u v>i\s =ms4' 7#a7 ,f\r ,/ages1 p4 #adc4 ,?is ,gno/ic ,r$eem]1 cont9ues ,pr(essor ,murray1 is desc5d$ by a fairly cle> g5ealogy f ! ',tritos ,sot]' 7'?ird ,savior'7 7#a7 ( e>ly ,greece1 contam9at$ ) simil> figures1 l ,attis & ,adonis f ,asia ,m9or1 ,osiris f ,egypt1 & ! special ,jewi% conception ( ! ,messiah ( ! ,*os5 p4 ,he has v>i\s names1 :i* ! "n ( ,jesus or ',*ri/os1' '! ,ano9t$1' t5ds gradually to sup]s$e4 ,above all1 he is 9 "s s5se ,man1 or '! second ,man' or '! ,son ( ,man'444 ,he is ! real1 ! ultimate1 ! p]fect & et]nal ,man1 ( :om all bodily m5 are feeble copies4 7#b7 7#a7 ,!re seems to be "s d\bt ab\t ! exact mean+ ( ?is expression4 ,ev5 ,zeus himself 0 sometimes call$ ',sot]1' & at fea/s1 x is said1 ! ,,?ird goblet 0 always drunk 9 8 honor4 7#b7 ,see also ,! ,gno/ic ,/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 by ,gilb]t ,t4 ,sadl] 7,c4 ,w4 ,daniel1 #aiai74 ,?is passage br+s vividly be=e ! m9d ! process ( :i* ,i h spok51 namely1 ! fusion & mutual int]*ange ( ideas on ! subject ( ! ,savior dur+ ! p]iod ant]ior to our era4 ,also x exemplifies to u ?r\gh :at an ab/ract sph]e ( ,gno/ic religi\s speculation ! doctr9e _h to travel be=e rea*+ its expression 9 ,*ri/ianity4 7#a7 ,?is exalt$ & high philosophical conception pass$ on & came out aga9 to "s degree 9 ! ,f\r? ,gospel & ! ,paul9e ,epi/les 7especially ,i ,cor4 xv72 b ,i ne$ h>dly say x 0 n ma9ta9$4 ,! en?usiasm ( ! little scatt]$ ,*ri/ian bodies--) _! communism ( practice ) reg>d to ,,?is _w & _! int5sity ( fai? ) reg>d to ! next--began to wane 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies ,a4,d4 ,z ! ,*ur* 7) capital initial7 grew1 s 0 x less & less occupi$ ) real religi\s feel+1 & m & m ) its battles aga9/ p]secution f outside1 & its qu>rels & diss5sions conc]n+ h]esies )9 its own bord]s4 ,& :5 at ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicaea 7#cbe ,a4,d47 x endeavor$ to e/abli% an (ficial cre$1 ! /rife & bitt]ness only increas$4 ,!re is no wild bea/1 said ! ,emp]or ,julian1 l an angry !ologian4 ,:]e ! f\r? ,evangeli/ _h prea*$ ! gospel ( ,love1 & ,paul _h ann\nc$ r$emption by an inn] & spiritual id5tification ) ,*ri/1 ,z 9 ,adam all die1 s 9 ,*ri/ %all all be made alive2 & :]eas "s at any rate ( ! ,pagan cults _h taught a glori\s salvation by ! new bir? ( a div9e be+ )9 ea* man3 ,be ( good *e]1 ,o initiates 9 ! my/]y ( ! lib]at$ god2 ,= to y too out ( all y\r labors & sorr[s %all come ,lib]ation--! ,nic5e cre$ _h no?+ to prop\nd except "s extremely futile speculations ab\t ! relation to ea* o!r ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 & ! relation ( ,,bo? to ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ( all ,,?ree to ! ,virg9 ,m>y--speculations :i* only s]v$ = ! r5ewal ( %ameful /rife & animosities--riots & blood%$ & murd]--)9 ! ,*ur*1 & ! mock]y ( ! hea!n )\t4 ,& z f> z x dealt ) ! crucifixion1 dea? & resurrection ( ! ,"l x did n diff] f ! score ( prec$+ pagan cre$s1 except 9 ! ?or\gh mat]ialism & lack ( poetry 9 /atem5t :i* x exhibits4 ,aft] ! ,c\ncil ( ,nicaea1 9 fact1 ! ,judaic t+e 9 ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* becomes m app>5t1 & m & m its ,s*eme ( ,salvation ?r\gh ,*ri/ takes ! "* ( a r sordid & huck/]+ b>ga9 by :i* ,man gets ! bett] ( ,god by p]suad+ ! latt] to sacrifice 8 own ,son = ! r$emption ( ! _w6 ,) ! exception ( a few episodes l ! =mation dur+ ! ,middle ,ages ( ! noble bro!rhoods & si/]hoods ( ,frairs & ,nuns1 d$icat$ to ! help & heal+ ( suff]+ humanity1 & ! appe>ance ( a few real lov]s ( mank9d 7& ! animals7 l ,/4 ,francis--7& ^! manife/ations c h>dly be claim$ by ! ,*ur*1 :i* pretty consi/5tly oppos$ !m7--x may be said t aft] ab\t ! f\r? c5tury ! real _s & light ( e>ly ,*ri/ian en?usiasm di$ away4 ,! incursions ( b>b>ian tribes f ! ,nor? & ,ea/1 & lat] ( ,moors & ,arabs f ! ,s\?1 famili>iz$ ! ,european peoples ) ! ideas ( blood%$ & viol5ce2 gross & mat]ial conceptions ( life 7 9 ! asc5dant2 & a romantic & aspir+ ,*ri/ianity gave place to a worldly & vulg> ,*ur*ianity4 7#a7 ,:5 travell+ 9 ,india ,i f\nd t ! ,gnanis or ,wise ,m5 !re q commonly ma9ta9$ t ,jesus 7judg+ f 8 tea*+7 mu/ h be5 initiat$ at "s "t 9 ! esot]ic doctr9es ( ! ,v$anta4 ,i h 9 ^! two or ?ree pages dealt only--& t v briefly--) ! entry ( ! pagan doctr9e ( ! ,savior into ! ,*ri/ian field1 %[+ its trans=mation !re & h[ ,*ri/ianity c\ld n well escape hav+ a doctr9e ( a ,savior1 or avoid giv+ a color ( its own to t doctr9e4 ,to foll[ out ! same c\rse ) o!r doctr9es1 l ^? :i* ,i h m5tion$ above1 w\ld obvi\sly be an endless task--:i* mu/ be left to ea* /ud5t or read] to pursue accord+ to 8 opportunity & capacity4 ,x is cle> anyh[1 t all ^! elem5ts ( ! pagan religions--p\r+ d[n into ! va/ res]voir1 or r :irlpool1 ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & mix+ among all ^! num]\s bro!rhoods1 societies1 collegia1 my/]y-clubs1 & gr\ps :i* 7 at t "t look+ out int5tly = "s new revelation or inspiration--did m or less automatically act & react ^u ea* o!r1 & by ! g5]al conditions prevail+ 7 modifi$1 till !y ultimately comb9$ & took unit$ %ape 9 ! movem5t :i* we call ,*ri/ianity1 b :i* only--z ,i h said--n>r[ly escap$ be+ call$ ,mi?raism--s ne>ly relat$ & closely alli$ 7 ^! cults ) ea* o!r4 ,at ?is po9t x w naturally be ask$3 ,& :]e 9 ?is s*eme ( ! ,g5esis ( ,*ri/ianity is ! *ief figure & accr$it$ lead] ( ! movem5t--namely ,jesus ,*ri/ himself--= to all appe>ance 9 ! acc\nt "h giv5 ( ! matt] he is practically non-exi/5t or a negligible quantity8 ,& ! "q is a v p]t95t "o1 & v difficult to answ]4 ,:]e is ! f\nd] ( ! ,religion8--or to put x 9 ano!r =m3 ,is x necess>y to suppose a human & visible ,f\nd] at all8 ,a few ye>s ago su* a m]e "q w\ld h be5 acc\nt$ rank blasphemy1 & w\ld only--if pass$ ov]--h be5 ignor$ on acc\nt ( its suppos$ absurdity4 ,to-day1 h[ev]1 ow+ to ! enorm\s am\nt ( "w :i* has be5 done ( late on ! subject ( ,*ri/ian orig9s1 ! "q takes on q a diff]5t complexion4 ,& f ,/rauss onw>ds a gr[+ly influ5tial & le>n$ body ( critics is incl9$ to reg>d ! :ole /ory ( ! ,gospels z ,,leg5d>y4 ,ar?ur ,drews1 = in/ance1 a pr(essor at ,k>lsruhe1 9 8 celebrat$ book ,! ,*ri/-,my?1 7#a7 places ,david ,f4 ,/rauss z fir/ 9 ! my? field--?\gh he all[s t ,dupuis 9 ,l'orig9e de t\s les cultes 7#agie7 _h giv5 ! clue to ! :ole idea4 ,he !n m5tions ,bruno ,bau] 7#ahgg7 z cont5d+ t ,jesus 0 a pure inv5tion ( ,m>k's1 & ,john ,m4 ,rob]tson z hav+ 9 8 ,*ri/ianity & ,my?ology 7#aijj7 giv5 ! fir/ ?or\ghly reason$ exposition ( ! leg5d>y !ory2 also ,emilio ,bossi 9 ,italy1 :o wrote ,jesu ,*ri/o non e mai esi/ito1 & simil> au?ors 9 ,holl&1 ,pol&1 & o!r c\ntries1 includ+ ,w4 ,b5jam9 ,smi?1 ! ,am]ican au?or ( ,! ,pre-*ri/ian ,jesus 7#aijf71 & ,p4 ,j5s5 9 ,das ,gilgames* ,epos 9 d5 ,welt-lit]atur 7#aijf71 :o makes ! ,jesus-/ory a v>iant ( ! ,babylonian epic1 #bjjj ,b4,c4 ,a pretty /rong li/6 7#b7 ,b1 cont9ues ,drews1 ord9>y hi/orians /ill ignore all ?is4 ,f9ally1 he dismisses ,jesus z a figure swimm+ obscurely 9 ! mi/s ( tradition4 ,nev]!less ,i ne$ h>dly rem>k t1 l>ge & le>n$ z ! body ( op9ion "h repres5t$ is1 a /ill l>g] 7b less le>n$7 body fights desp]ately = ! actual ,,hi/oricity ( ,jesus1 & "s ev5 /ill = ! old view ( him z a q unique & miracul\s revelation ( ,godhood on e>?4 7#a7 ,die ,*ri/us-my!3 v]bess]te und erweitezte ,ausgabe1 ,j5a1 #aiaj4 7#b7 ,to :i* we may also add ,s*weitz]'s ,que/ ( ! hi/orical ,jesus 7#aiaj74 ,at fir/1 no d\bt1 ! ,,leg5d>y !ory seems a little ,,too f>-fet*$4 ,!re is a fa%ion 9 all ^! ?+s1 & x ,,may be t !re is a fa%ion ev5 "h4 ,b :5 y reflect h[ rapidly leg5ds gr[ up ev5 9 ^! days ( exact ,sci5ce & an omnisci5t ,press2 h[ ! figure ( ,%akespe>e1 dead only #cjj ye>s1 is almo/ completely lo/ 9 ! mi/ ( ,"t1 & ev5 ! au!nticity ( 8 works has become a subject ( controv]sy2 :5 y f9d t ,william ,tell1 suppos$ to h liv$ "s #cjj ye>s aga9 be=e ,%akespe>e1 & ^: de$s 9 m9ute/ detail h be5 recit$ & honor$ all ov] ,europe1 is almo/ c]ta9ly a pure inv5tion1 & nev] exi/$2 :5 y rememb]--z m5tion$ e>li] 9 ?is book 7#a7--t x 0 m ?an five hundr$ ye>s aft] ! suppos$ bir? ( ,jesus be=e any s]i\s ef=t 0 made to e/abli% ! date ( t bir?--& t !n a purely my?ical date 0 *os53 ! #be? ,decemb]1 ! day ( ! ,,sun',s new bir? aft] ! w9t] sol/ice1 & ! "t ( ! suppos$ bir? ( ,apollo1 ,bac*us1 & ! o!r ,sungods2 :51 moreov]1 y ?9k = a mom5t :at ! /ate ( hi/orical criticism mu/ h be51 & ! g5]al /&>d ( cr$ibility1 #a1ijj ye>s ago1 9 a c\ntry l ,syria1 & among an ignorant population1 :]e any /ory circulat+ f lip to lip 0 assur$ ( cr$5ce if suffici5tly m>vel\s or imag9ative2--:y1 !n ! leg5d>y !ory does n seem s improbable4 ,!re is no d\bt t aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem 79 ,a4,d4 #gj71 little gr\ps ( believ]s 9 a r$eem+ ',*ri/' 7 =m$ !re & 9 o!r places1 j z !re _h c]ta9ly exi/$1 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c41 gr\ps ( ,gno/ics1 ,!rapeutae1 ,ess5es & o!rs ^: tea*+s 7 v ,,simil> to ! ,*ri/ian1 & !re 0 n[ a dem& f _m ( ^! gr\ps = 'writ+s' & 'hi/ories' :i* %\ld he>t5 & confirm ! "y & gr[+ ,*ur*es4 ,! ,gospels & ,epi/les1 ( :i* !re are /ill extant a great abundance1 bo? apocryphal & canonical1 met ?is dem&2 b h[ f> _! records ( ! p]son ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? are reliable hi/ory1 or h[ f> !y are m]ely imag9ative pictures ( ! k9d ( man ! ,savi\r might be expect$ to be1 7#b7 is a "q :i*1 z ,i h already said1 is a difficult "o = skill$ critics to answ]1 & "o on :i* ,i c]ta9ly h no int5tion ( giv+ a positive v]dict4 ,p]sonally ,i mu/ say ,i ?9k ! 'leg5d>y' solution q likely1 & 9 "s ways m satisfactory ?an ! opposite "o--= ! simple reason t x seems mu* m enc\rag+ to suppose t ! /ory ( ,jesus1 7graci\s & beautiful z x is7 is a my? :i* gradually =m$ itself 9 ! consci5ce ( mank9d1 & ?us po9ts ! way ( humanity's future evolution1 ?an to suppose x to be ! m]e record ( an unique & miracul\s int]position ( ,provid5ce1 :i* dep5d$ entirely on ! p[]s above1 & c\ld h>dly be expect$ to occur aga94 7#a7 ,*4 ,,ii4 7#b7 ,"o ( ,celsus' accusations aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians 0 t _! ,gospels _h be5 writt5 sev]al times ov] 7see ,orig51 ,contra ,celsum1 ii4 #bf1 #bg74 ,h[ev]1 ! "q is n :at we desire1 b :at we c prove to be ! actual fact4 ,& c]ta9ly ! difficulties 9 ! way ( reg>d+ ! ,gospel /ory 7or /ories1 = !re is n "o consi/5t /ory7 z ,,true are enorm\s4 ,if anyone w read1 = in/ance1 9 ! f\r ,gospels1 ! ev5ts ( ! night prec$+ ! crucifixion & reckon ! "t :i* !y w\ld necess>ily h tak5 to enact--! ,la/ ,supp]1 ! agony 9 ! ,g>d51 ! betrayal by ,judas1 ! hal+ be=e ,caiaphas & ! ,sanh$r91 & !n be=e ,pilate 9 ! ,hall ( judgm5t 7?\gh c\rts = ! trial ( malefactors d n ,,g5]ally sit 9 ! middle ( ! night72 !n--9 ,luke--! int]pos$ visit to ,h]od1 & ! ,,return to ,pilate2 ,pilate's spee*es & wa%+ ( h&s be=e ! cr[d2 !n ! sc\rg+ & ! mock+ & ! array+ ( ,jesus 9 purple robe z a k+2 !n ! prep>ation ( a ,cross & ! long & pa9ful j\rney to ,golgo?a2 & f9ally ! ,crucifixion at sunrise2--he w see--z has (t5 be5 po9t$ out--t ! :ole /ory is physically impossible4 ,z a record ( actual ev5ts ! /ory is impossible2 b z a record or s]ies ( notes d]iv$ f ! witness+ ( a my/]y-play--& su* plays ) ,,v ,,simil> incid5ts 7 common en\gh 9 antiquity 9 connection ) cults ( a dy+ ,savior1 x v likely ,,is true 7"o c see ! v dramatic "* ( ! incid5ts3 ! wa%+ ( h&s1 ! ?reefold d5ial by ,pet]1 ! purple robe & cr[n ( ?orns1 & s =?72 & z su* x is n[ accept$ by _m well-qualifi$ au?orities4 7#a7 7#a7 ,dr4 ,fraz] 9 ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh 7vol4 ix1 ,! ,scapegoat1 p4 #djj7 speaks ( ! frequ5cy 9 antiquity ( a ,my/]y-play relat+ to a ,god-man :o gives 8 life & blood = ! p2 & he puts =w>d t5tatively & by no means dogmatically ! foll[+ note3--,su* a drama1 if we are "r1 0 ! orig9al /ory ( ,e/h] & ,mordecai1 or 7to give _! old] names7 ,i%t> & ,m>duk4 ,x 0 play$ 9 ,babylonia1 & f ,babylonia ! return+ ,captives br\ght x to ,judaea1 :]e x 0 act$1 r z an hi/orical ?an a my?ical piece1 by play]s :o1 hav+ to die 9 grim e>ne/ on a cross or gall[s1 7 naturally drawn f ! gaol r ?an ! gre5-room4 ,a *a9 ( causes1 :i* because we _c foll[ !m might--9 ! loose language ( common life--be call$ an accid5t1 det]m9$ t ! "p ( ! dy+ god 9 ?is annual play %\ld be ?ru/ ^u ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 :om ! enemies he _h made 9 high places by 8 outspok5 /rictures 7 resolv$ to put out ( ! way4 ,see also vol4 iv1 ,! ,dy+ ,god1 9 ! same book4 ,!re are _m o!r difficulties4 ,! rais+ ( ,laz>us1 already dead ?ree days1 ! turn+ ( wat] into w9e 7a miracle attribut$ to ,bac*us1 ( old71 ! fe$+ ( ! five ?\s&1 & o!rs ( ! m>vels are1 to say ! lea/1 n easy ( dige/ion4 ,! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt :i*1 ) ! ,"l's ,pray] emb$d$ 9 x1 =ms ! great & accept$ repository ( ',*ri/ian' tea*+ & piety1 is well kn[n to be a collection ( say+s f pre-*ri/ian writ+s1 includ+ ! ,psalms1 ,isaiah1 ,ecclesia/icus1 ! ,secrets ( ,eno*1 ! ,%emonehesreh 7a book ( ,hebrew pray]s71 & o!rs2 & ! fact t ?is collection 0 really made ,,aft] ! "t ( ,jesus1 & c\ld n h orig9at$ f him1 is cle> f ! /ress :i* x lays on p]secutions & false prophets--?+s :i* 7 c]ta9ly n a s\rce ( tr\ble at ! "t ,jesus is suppos$ to be speak+1 ?\gh !y 7 at a lat] "t--z well z f ! occurr5ce ( ! ^w ,g5tiles1 :i* be+ "h us$ app>5tly 9 contra-di/9ction to ,*ri/ians c\ld n well be appropriate at a "t :5 no recogniz$ ,*ri/ian bodies z yet exi/$4 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable po9t 9 ?is connection is ! absolute sil5ce ( ! ,gospel ( ,m>k on ! subject ( ! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion--t is1 ( ! ,,orig9al ,gospel1 = x is n[ all[$ on all h&s t ! twelve v]ses ,m>k xvi4 #i to ! end1 are a lat] ins]tion4 ,consid]+ ! nature ( ?is ev5t1 a/\nd+ inde$1 if physically true1 & unique 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 x is /range t ?is ,gospel--! e>lie/ writt5 ( ! f\r ,gospels1 & ne>e/ 9 "t to ! actual evid5ce--makes no m5tion ( x4 ,! next ,gospel 9 po9t ( "t--t ( ,mat!w--m5tions ! matt] r briefly & timidly1 & reports ! /ory t ! body _h be5 ,,/ol5 f ! sepul*re4 ,luke enl>ges consid]ably & gives a :ole long *apt] to ! resurrection & asc5sion2 :ile ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 writt5 fully tw5ty ye>s lat] /ill--say ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #abj--;gives two *apt]s & a ,,great ,,v>iety ,,( ,,details6 ,?is increase ( detail1 h[ev]1 z "o gets f>!r & f>!r f ! actual ev5t is j :at "o always f9ds1 z ,i h said be=e1 9 leg5d>y traditions4 ,a v int]e/+ example ( ?is has lately come to light 9 ! case ( ! traditions conc]n+ ! life & dea? ( ! ,p]sian ,bab4 ,! ,bab1 z mo/ ( my read]s w "k1 0 ! ,f\nd] ( a great religi\s movem5t :i* n[ numb]s 7or numb]$ be=e ! ,great ,w>7 "s millions ( adh]5ts1 *iefly ,mahomm$ans1 ,*ri/ians1 ,jews & ,p>sees4 ,! p]iod ( 8 mission>y activity 0 f #ahde to #ahej4 ,8 ,gospel 0 s+ul>ly l t ( ,jesus--a gospel ( love to mank9d--only 7z might be expect$ f ! diff]5ce ( date7 ) an ev5 wid] & m delib]ate inclusion ( all classes1 cre$s & races1 s9n]s & sa9ts2 & ! incid5ts & ent\rage ( 8 m9i/ry 7 also s+ul>ly simil>4 ,he 0 born at ,%iraz 9 #ahbj1 & gr[+ up a promis+ boy & y\?1 fell at ! age ( #ba "u ! influ5ce ( a c]ta9 ,seyyid ,kazim1 lead] ( a het]odox sect1 & a k9d ( =e-runn] or ,john ! ,bapti/ to ! ,bab4 ,! result 0 a p]iod ( m5tal tr\ble 7l ! temptation 9 ! wild]ness71 aft] :i* ! y\? return$ to ,%iraz & at ! age ( tw5ty-five began 8 own mission4 ,8 real "n 0 ,mirza ,ali ,muhammad1 b he call$ himself !nce=? ,! ,bab1 i4e4 ! ,gate 7,i am ! ,way72 & gradually !re ga!r$ r\nd him disciples1 drawn by ! fasc9ation ( 8 p]sonality & ! devotion ( 8 "*4 ,b ) ! rapid increase ( 8 foll[+ great jeal\sy & hatr$ 7 excit$ among ! ,mullahs1 ! uphold]s ( a fanatical & n>r[-m9d$ ,mahomm$anism & q correspond+ to ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,by !m he 0 d5\nc$ to ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t4 ,he 0 arre/$ on a *>ge ( caus+ political di/urbance1 & 0 condemn$ to dea?4 ,among 8 disciples 0 "o favorite1 7#a7 :o 0 absolutely devot$ to 8 ,ma/] & refus$ to leave him at ! la/4 ,s toge!r !y 7 susp5d$ ov] ! city wall 7at ,tabriz7 & simultane\sly %ot4 ,?is 0 on ! #h? ,july1 #ahej4 7#a7 ,mirza ,muhammad ,ali2 & "o %\ld note ! simil>ity ( ! two names4 ,9 ,novemb] #ahej--or betwe5 t date & ,octob] #ahea1 a book appe>$1 writt5 by "o ( ! ,bab's e>lie/ & mo/ en?usia/ic disciples--a m]*ant ( ,ka%an--& giv+ 9 q simple & unpret5d+ =m a record ( ! above ev5ts4 ,!re is 9 x no acc\nt ( miracles or ( great pret5sions to godhood & ! l4 ,x is j a pla9 hi/ory ( ! life & dea? ( a belov$ tea*]4 ,x 0 cordially receiv$ & circulat$ f> & wide2 & we h no reason = d\bt+ its ess5tial v]acity4 ,& ev5 if prov$ n[ to be inaccurate 9 "o or two details1 ?is w\ld n invalidate ! moral ( ! re/ ( ! /ory--:i* is z foll[s3 ,aft] ! dea? ( ! ,bab a great p]secution took place 79 #aheb72 !re 7 _m ,babi m>tyrs1 & = "s ye>s ! g5]al foll[]s 7 scatt]$4 ,b 9 "t !y ga!r$ !mselves toge!r aga92 successors to ! orig9al prophet 7 appo9t$--?\gh n )\t diss5sions--& a ,babi *ur*1 *iefly at ,acca or ,acre 9 ,syria1 began to be =m$4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod t a great numb] ( leg5ds grew up--leg5ds ( miracul\s babyhood & boyhood1 leg5ds ( miracles p]=m$ by ! mature ,bab1 & s =?2 & :5 ! newly-=m+ ,*ur* came to look into ! matt] x conclud$ 7q naturally67 t su* a simple hi/ory z ,i h outl9$ above w\ld nev] d = ! f\ndation ( its plans1 n[ gr[n some:at ambiti\s4 ,s a new ,gospel 0 fram$1 call$ ! ,t>ikh-i-,jadid 7,! new ,hi/ory or ,! new ,way71 embody+ & includ+ a lot ( leg5d>y matt]1 & issu$ ) ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is 0 9 #ahha-b2 & comp>+ ?is ) ! orig9al record 7call$ ,! po9t ( ,kaf7 we get a lum9\s view ( ! gr[? ( fable 9 ^? ?irty brief ye>s :i* _h elaps$ s9ce ! ,bab's dea?4 ,mean:ile x became v necess>y ( c\rse to )draw f circulation z f> z possible all copies ( ! orig9al record1 le/ !y %\ld give ! lie to ! lat] ',gospel'2 & ?is app>5tly 0 done v effectively--s effectively inde$ t ,pr(essor ,edw>d ,br[ne 7to :om ! _w owes s mu* on acc\nt ( 8 labors 9 connection ) ,babism71 aft] ardu\s se>*1 came at "o "t to ! conclusion t ! orig9al 0 no long] extant4 ,mo/ =tunately1 h[ev]1 ! well-kn[n ,comte de ,gob9eau _h 9 ! c\rse ( 8 /udies on ,ea/]n ,religions acquir$ a copy ( ,! po9t ( ,kaf2 & ?is1 aft] 8 dea?1 0 f\nd among 8 lit]>y treasures & id5tifi$ 7z 0 mo/ fitt+7 by ,pr(essor ,br[ne himself4 ,su* 9 brief is ! hi/ory ( ! e>ly ,babi ,*ur* 7#a7--;a ,*ur* :i* has gr[n up & exp&$ greatly )9 ! memory ( _m yet liv+4 ,mu* might be writt5 ab\t x1 b ! *ief po9t at pres5t is = u to note ! well-v]ifi$ & int]e/+ example x gives ( ! rapid gr[? 9 ,syria ( a religi\s leg5d & ! reasons :i* contribut$ to ?is gr[?--& to be w>n$ h[ mu* m rapidly simil> leg5ds probably grew up 9 ! same l& 9 ! middle ( ! ,fir/ ,c5tury1 ,a4,d4 ,! /ory ( ! ,bab is also int]e/+ to u because1 :ile ?is mass ( leg5d 0 =m$ ar\nd x1 !re is no possible d\bt ab\t ! actual exi/5ce ( a hi/orical nucleus 9 ! p]son ( ,mirza ,ali ,muhammad4 7#a7 ,= lit]ature1 see ,edw>d ,g4 ,br[ne's ,travell]'s ,n>rative on ! ,episode ( ! ,bab 7#ahia71 & 8 ,new ,hi/ory ( ! ,bab translat$ f ! ,p]sian ( ! ,t>ikh-i-,jadid 7,cambridge1 #ahic74 ,also ,s]mons & ,essays by ,h]b]t ,rix 7,williams & ,norgate1 #aijg71 pp4 #bie-cbe1 ,! ,p]sian ,bab4 ,on ! :ole1 "o is sometimes incl9$ to d\bt :e!r any great movem5t ev] makes itself felt 9 ! _w1 )\t dat+ fir/ f "s p[]ful p]sonality or gr\p ( p]sonalities1 ,,r\nd :i* ! idealiz+ & my?-mak+ g5ius ( mank9d t5ds to cry/allize4 ,b "o mu/ n ev5 "h be too c]ta94 ,some?+ ( ! ,apo/le ,paul we "k1 & some?+ ( ',john' ! ,evangeli/ & writ] ( ! ,epi/le ,i ,john2 & t ! ',*ri/ian' doctr9es dat$ l>gely f ! prea*+ & tea*+ ( ^! two we _c d\bt2 b ,paul nev] saw ,jesus 7except 9 ! ,_s71 nor does he ev] m5tion ! man p]sonally1 or any incid5t ( 8 actual life 7! crucifi$ ,*ri/ be+ always an ideal figure72 & ',john' :o wrote ! ,gospel 0 c]ta9ly n ! same z ! disciple :o lay 9 ,jesus' bosom--?\gh an int]calat$ v]se1 ! la/ b "o 9 ! ,gospel1 ass]ts ! id5tity4 7#a7 7#a7 ,x is obvi\s1 9 fact1 t ! ,,:ole ( ! la/ *apt] ( ,/4 ,john is a lat] ins]tion1 & aga9 t ! two la/ v]ses ( t *apt] are lat] ?an ! *apt] itself6 ,!re may h be5 a hi/oric ,jesus--& if s1 to get a reliable outl9e ( 8 life w\ld inde$ be a treasure2 b at pres5t x w\ld seem !re is no sign ( t4 ,if ! hi/oricity ( ,jesus1 9 any degree1 c\ld be prov$1 x w\ld give u reason = suppos+--:at ,i h p]sonally always be5 incl9$ to believe--t !re 0 also a hi/orical nucleus = su* p]sonages z ,osiris1 ,mi?ra1 ,kri%na1 ,h]cules1 ,apollo & ! re/4 ,! "q1 9 fact1 n>r[s itself d[n to ?is1 ,h !re be5 9 ! c\rse ( human evolution c]ta91 s to speak1 ,,nodal po9ts or p]iods at :i* ! psy*ologic curr5ts ran toge!r & cond5s$ !mselves = a new />t2 & has ea* su* node or po9t ( cond5sation be5 m>k$ by ! appe>ance ( an actual & h]oic man 7or woman7 :o suppli$ a necess>y impetus = ! new dep>ture1 & gave 8 "n to ! result+ movem5t8 ,,or is x suffici5t to suppose ! automatic =mation ( su* nodes or />t+-po9ts )\t ! int]v5tion ( any special h]o or g5ius1 & to imag9e t 9 ea* case ! my?-mak+ t5d5cy ( mank9d ,,creat$ a leg5d>y & inspir+ figure & wor%ip$ ! same = a long p]iod aft]w>ds z a god8 ,z ,i h said be=e1 ?is is a "q :i*1 int]e/+ z x is1 is n really v important4 ,! ma9 ?+ be+ t ! prophetic & creative _s ( mank9d ,,has f "t to "t evolv$ ^? figures z idealizations ( its he>t's desire & plac$ a halo r\nd _! heads4 ,! long procession ( !m becomes a ,,real piece ( ,hi/ory--! hi/ory ( ! evolution ( ! human he>t1 & ( human consci\sness4 ,b ) ! psy*ology ( ! :ole subject ,i %all deal 9 ! next *apt]4 ,i may "h1 h[ev]1 dwell = a mom5t on two o!r po9ts :i* belong prop]ly to ?is *apt]4 ,i h already m5tion$ ! great reliance plac$ by ! advocates ( a unique 'revelation' on ! high morality taught 9 ! ,gospels & ! ,new ,te/am5t g5]ally4 ,!re is no ne$ ( c\rse to *all5ge t morality or to depreciate x unduly2 b ! argum5t assumes t x is s greatly sup]ior to any?+ ( ! k9d t _h be5 taught be=e t we are compell$ to suppose some?+ l a revelation to expla9 its appe>ance--:]eas ( c\rse anyone famili> ) ! writ+s ( antiquity1 among ! ,greeks or ,romans or ,egyptians or ,h9dus or lat] ,jews1 kn[s p]fectly well t ! report$ say+s ( ,jesus & ! ,apo/les may be p>allel$ abundantly f ^! s\rces4 ,i h illu/rat$ ?is already f ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,if anyone w glance at ! ,te/am5t ( ! ,twelve ,patri>*s--a ,jewi% book compos$ ab\t #abj ,b4 ,c4--he w see t x is full ( moral precepts1 & especially precepts ( love & =giv5ess1 s ard5t & s noble t x h>dly suff]s 9 any way :5 comp>$ ) ! ,new ,te/am5t tea*+1 & t consequ5tly no special miracle is requir$ to expla9 ! appe>ance ( ! latt]4 ,! twelve ,patri>*s 9 "q are ! twelve sons ( ,jacob1 & ! book consi/s ( _! suppos$ dea?b$ sc5es1 9 :i* ea* patri>* 9 turn recites 8 own 7m or less imag9>y7 life & de$s & gives pi\s c\nsel to 8 *ildr5 & successors4 ,x is compos$ 9 a f9e & poetic /yle1 & is full ( l(ty ?\ght1 rem9dful 9 scores ( passages ( ! ,gospels--words & all--! co9cid5ces be+ too /rik+ to be accid5tal4 ,x evid5tly _h a deep influ5ce on ! au?ors ( ! ,gospels1 z well z on ,/4 ,paul4 ,x affirms a belief 9 ! com+ ( a ,messiah1 & 9 salvation = ! ,g5tiles4 ,! foll[+ are "s quotations f x3 7#a7 ,te/am5t ( ,zebulun 7p4 #aaf73 ,my *ildr51 ,i bid y keep ! comm&s ( ! ,"l1 & %[ m]cy to y\r neighb\rs1 & h compassion t[>ds all1 n t[>ds m5 only1 b also t[>ds bea/s4 ,dan 7p4 #abg73 ,love ! ,"l ?r\gh all y\r life1 & "o ano!r ) a true he>t4 ,joseph 7p4 #agc73 ,i 0 sick1 & ! ,"l visit$ me2 9 prison1 & my ,god %[$ favor unto me4 ,b5jam9 7p4 #bji73 ,= z ! sun is n defil$ by %9+ on dung & mire1 b r drie? up bo? & drive? away ! evil smell1 s also ! pure m9d1 encompass$ by ! defilem5ts ( e>?1 r cleanse? !m & is n itself defil$4 7#a7 ,! ref]5ces be+ to ! ,edition by ,r4 ,h4 ,*>les 7#aijg74 ,i ?9k ^! quotations are suffici5t to prove ! high /&>d ( ?is book1 :i* 0 writt5 9 ! ,second ,c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & ,,f :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t au?ors copi\sly borr[$4 ,! o!r po9t has to d ) my /atem5t at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt] t two ( ! ma9 '*>act]i/ics' ( ,*ri/ianity 7 its insi/5ce on 7a7 a t5d5cy t[>ds r5unciation ( ! _w1 & a consequ5t cultivation ( a purely spiritual love1 & 7b7 on a morality ^: inspiration 0 a private s5se ( duty to ,god r ?an a public s5se ( duty to "o's neighbor & to society g5]ally4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t ! la/-m5tion$ *>act]i/ic ought to be view$ 9 relation to a ?ird1 namely1 7c7 ! extraord9>ily ,,democratic t5d5cy ( ! new ,religion4 7#a7 ,celsus 7,a4,d4 #bjj7 je]$ at ! e>ly ,*ri/ians = _! extreme democracy3 ,x is only ! simpletons1 ! ignoble1 ! s5seless--slaves & wom5folk & *ildr5--:om !y wi% to p]suade 7to jo9 _! *ur*es7 or ,,c p]suade--wool-dress]s & cobbl]s & full]s1 ! mo/ un$ucat$ & vulg> p]sons1 & :osoev] is a s9n]1 or un9tellig5t or a fool1 9 a ^w1 :oev] is god-=sak5 7gr kakodaimwn71 him ! ,k+dom ( ,god w receive4 7#b7 ,?us ,celsus1 ! accompli%$1 clev]1 philosophic & )al humor\s critic1 laugh$ at ! new religioni/s1 & prophesi$ _! spe$y ext9ction4 ,nev]!less he 0 mi/ak54 ,!re is little d\bt t j ! inclusion ( wom5 & weakl+s & outca/s did contribute ,,l>gely to ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity 7& ,mi?raism74 ,x br\ght hope & a s5se ( human dignity to ! despis$ & reject$ ( ! e>?4 ,( ! imm5se numb]s ( less] (ficials :o c>ri$ on ! va/ organization ( ! ,roman ,empire1 mo/ p]haps1 7 tak5 f ! ranks ( ! fre$m5 & quondam slaves1 drawn f a great v>iety ( races & already famili> ) pagan cults ( all k9ds--,egyptian1 ,syrian1 ,*aldean1 ,iranian1 & s =?4 7#c7 ,?is fact help$ to give to ,*ri/ianity--"u ! f9e tol]ance ( ! ,empire--its democratic "* & also its will+ness to accept all4 ,! rude & m5ial masses1 :o _h hi!rto be5 almo/ b5ea? ! notice ( ,greek & ,roman culture1 flock$ 92 & ?\gh ?is 0 d\btless1 z "t w5t on1 a s\rce ( weakness to ! ,*ur*1 & a cause ( diss5sion & sup]/ition1 yet x 0 9 ! inevitable l9e ( human evolution1 & _h a psy*ological basis :i* ,i mu/ n[ endeavor to expla94 7#a7 ,x is important to note1 h[ev]1 t ?is same democratic t5d5cy 0 v m>k$ 9 ,mi?raism4 ,il e/ c]ta91 says ,cumont1 qu'il a fait ses premi]es conquetes dans les classes inf]ieures de la societe et c'e/ l'a un fait consid]able2 le mi?racisme e/ re/e longtemps la religion des humbles4 ,my/]es de ,mi?ra1 p4 #fh4 7#b7 ,see ,glov]'s ,conflict ( ,religions 9 ! e>ly ,roman ,empire1 *4 viii4 7#c7 ,see ,t\ta91 ,cultes pai5s1 vol4 ii1 conclusion4 ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,x ,,all ,! g5]al drift & mean+ ( ! pres5t book mu/ n[1 ,i ?9k1 f _m h9ts scatt]$ 9 ! c\rse ( x1 be gr[+ cle>4 ,b x w be well p]haps 9 ?is *apt]1 at ! risk ( "s repetition1 to br+ ! :ole argum5t toge!r4 ,& ! argum5t is t s9ce ! dawn ( humanity on ! e>?--_m hundr$s ( ?\s&s or p]haps a million ye>s ago--!re has be5 a sl[ psy*ologic evolution1 a gradual developm5t or ref9em5t ( ,consci\sness1 :i* at a c]ta9 /age has spontane\sly giv5 bir? 9 ! human race to ! ph5om5a ( religi\s belief & religi\s ritual--^! ph5om5a 7:e!r 9 ! race at l>ge or 9 any bran* ( x7 always foll[+1 /ep by /ep1 a c]ta9 ord] dep5d+ on ! degrees ( psy*ologic evolution conc]n$2 & t x is ?is g5]al fact :i* acc\nts = ! /range simil>ities ( belief & ritual :i* h be5 obs]v$ all ov] ! _w & 9 places f> remote f ea* o!r1 & :i* h be5 briefly not$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s4 ,& ! ma9 /ages ( ?is psy*ologic evolution--^? at any rate ) :i* we are "h conc]n$--are ,?ree3 ! /age ( ,simple ,consci\sness1 ! /age ( ,self-consci\sness1 & a ?ird ,/age :i* = want ( a bett] ^w we may t]m ! /age ( ,univ]sal ,consci\sness4 ,( c\rse ^! ?ree /ages may at "s future "t be analyz$ into less] degrees1 ) useful result--b at pres5t ,i only desire to draw att5tion to !m 9 ! r\gh1 s to speak1 to %[ t x is f !m & f _! passage "o into ano!r t !re has fl[$ by a p]fectly natural logic & concat5ation ! /range panorama ( humanity's religi\s evolution--its sup]/itions & magic & sacrifices & danc+s & ritual g5]ally1 & lat] its incantations & prophecies1 & s]vices ( spee* & v]se1 & pa9t+s & =ms ( art & figures ( ! gods4 ,a wond]ful ,panorama inde$1 or poem ( ! ,c5turies1 or1 if y l1 ,_w-symphony ) ?ree great lead+ motives6 ,& fir/ we h ! /age ( ,simple ,consci\sness4 ,= hundr$s ( c5turies 7we _c d\bt7 ,man possess$ a degree ( consci\sness n radically diff]5t f t ( ! high] ,animals1 ?\gh probably m quick & v>i$4 ,he saw1 he he>d1 he felt1 he not$4 ,he act$ or react$1 quickly or sl[ly1 9 response to ^! impressions4 ,b ! consci\sness ( him,s,e,l,f1 z a be+ sep>ate f 8 impressions1 z sep>ate f 8 surr\nd+s1 _h n yet aris5 or tak5 hold on him4 ,he 0 an in/9ctive "p1 ( ,nature4 ,& 9 ?is respect he 0 v ne> to ! ,animals4 ,self-consci\sness 9 ! animals1 9 a g]m9al =m is !re1 no d\bt1 b ,,emb$d$1 s to speak1 9 ! g5]al _w consci\sness4 ,x is on ?is acc\nt t ! animals h su* a m>vell\sly acute p]ception & in/9ct1 be+ emb$d$ 9 ,nature4 ,& primitive ,man _h ! same4 ,also we mu/1 z ,i h said be=e1 all[ t man 9 t /age mu/ h _h ! same sort ( grace & p]fection ( =m & movem5t z we admire 9 ! 7wild7 animals n[4 ,x w\ld be q unreasonable to suppose t he1 ! cr[n 9 ! same s5se ( creation1 0 f ! beg9n+ a lame & ill-made abortion4 ,= a long p]iod ! tribes ( m51 l ! tribes ( ! high] animals1 mu/ h be5 7on ! :ole1 & all[+ = occasional privations & suff]+s & conflicts7 well adapt$ to _! surr\nd+s & h>moni\s ) ! e>? & ) ea* o!r4 ,!re mu/ h be5 a p]iod resembl+ a ,gold5 ,age--"s condition at any rate :i*1 comp>$ ) subsequ5t mis]ies1 m]it$ ! epi!t 'gold54' ,x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod app>5tly t ! sy/em ( ,totems arose4 ,! tribes felt _! relation%ip to _! w+$ & f\rfoot$ mates 7includ+ also o!r objects ( nature7 s deeply & int5sely t !y adopt$ ! latt] z _! emblems4 ,! pre-civilization ,man fairly wor%ipp$1 ! animals & 0 pr\d to be call$ aft] !m4 ,( c\rse we mod]ns f9d ?is /range4 ,we1 ^: conceptions ( ^! beautiful creatures are mo/ly d]iv$ f a brok5-d[n cab-horse1 or a melan*oly milk-rummag$ c[ 9 a sooty field1 or a diseas$ & despond5t lion or eagle at ! ,zoo1 h nev] ev5 se5 or lov$ !m & h only wond]$ ) our true comm]cial in/9ct :at pr(it we c\ld extract f !m4 ,b !y1 ! primitives1 lov$ & admir$ ! animals2 !y dome/icat$ _m ( !m by ! =ce ( a natural fri5d%ip1 7#a7 & accord$ !m a k9d ( div9ity4 ,?is 0 ! age ( tribal solid>ity & ( a lat5t s5se ( solid>ity ) ,nature4 ,& ! po9t ( x all is 7) reg>d to ! subject we h 9 h&7 t ?is 0 also ! age f :i* by a natural evolution ! s5se ( ,religion came to mank9d4 ,if ,religion 9 man is ! s5se ( ties b9d+ 8 inn] self to ! p[]s ( ! univ]se ar\nd him1 !n x is evid5t ,i ?9k t primitive man z ,i h describ$ him possess$ ! ,,reality ( ?is s5se--?\gh s f> buri$ & subconsci\s t he 0 h>dly aw>e ( x4 ,x 0 only lat]1 & ) ! com+ ( ! ,second ,/age1 t ?is s5se began to rise di/9ctly into consci\sness4 7#a7 ,see *4 iv4 ,tylor 9 8 ,primitive ,culture 7vol4 i1 p4 #dfj1 edn4 #aijc7 says3 ,! s5se ( an absolute psy*ical di/9ction betwe5 man & bea/1 s preval5t 9 ! civiliz$ _w1 is h>dly to be f\nd among ! l[] races4 ,let u pass !n to ! ,second ,/age4 ,!re is a mom5t 9 ! evolution ( a *ild--some:]e p]haps ab\t ! age ( ?ree 7#a7--:5 ! simple almo/ animal-l consci\sness ( ! babe is tr\bl$ by a new elem5t--,,self-consci\sness4 ,! *ange is s m>k$1 s def9ite1 t 79 ! dep? ( ! infant's eyes7 y c almo/ ,,see x take place4 ,s 9 ! evolution ( ! human race !re has be5 a p]iod--also m>k$ & def9ite1 ?\gh ext5d+ int]mitt5t ov] a va/ int]val ( "t--:5 on m5 9 g5]al !re dawn$ ! consci\sness ( ,,!mselves1 ( _! own ?\ghts & actions4 ,! old simple acceptance ( s5sations & exp]i5ces gave place to ,,reflection4 ,! "q arose3 ,h[ d ^! s5sations & exp]i5ces affect ,,me8 ,:at c ,i d to modify !m1 to enc\rage ! pleasurable1 to avoid or inhibit ! pa9ful1 & s on8 ,f t mom5t a new motive 0 add$ to life4 ,! m9d revolv$ r\nd a new c5tre4 ,x began to sp9 l a little eddy r\nd its own axis4 ,x /udi$ ,,itself fir/ & became deeply conc]n$ ab\t its own pleasures & pa9s1 los+ t\* ! :ile ) ! l>g] life :i* once dom9at$ x--! life ( ,nature1 ! life ( ! ,tribe4 ,! old unity ( ! _s1 ! old solid>ity1 7 brok5 up4 7#a7 ,see ,bucke's ,cosmic ,consci\sness 7,philadelphia1 #aija71 pp4 #a & #ci2 also ,w4 ,mc,dougall's ,social ,psy*ology 7#aijh71 p4 #adf--:]e ! same age is t5tatively sugge/$4 ,i h t\*$ on ?is subject be=e1 b x is s important t ! read] mu/ excuse repetition4 ,!re came an inevitable sev]ance1 an inevitable p]iod ( /rife4 ,! magic mirror ( ! s\l1 reflect+ nature z h]et(ore 9 calm & simple grace1 0 sudd5ly crack$ across4 ,! new self-consci\s man 7n all at once b gradually7 became ali5at$ f 8 tribe4 ,he laps$ into /rife ) 8 fell[s4 ,ambition1 vanity1 gre$1 ! love ( dom9ation1 ! desire = prop]ty & possessions1 set 94 ,! influ5ces ( fell[%ip & solid>ity grew feebl]4 ,he became ali5at$ f 8 great ,"m4 ,8 in/9cts 7 less & less sure--& t 9 proportion z bra9-activity & self-reg>d+ calculation took _! place4 ,love & mutual help 7 less compell+ 9 proportion z ! dem&s ( self-int]e/ grew l\d] & m insi/5t4 ,ultimately ! crisis came4 ,ca9 murd]$ 8 bro!r & became an outca/4 ,! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 & ! ,gold5 ,age clos$ _! gates beh9d him4 ,he ent]$ ^u a p]iod ( suff]+--a p]iod ( labor & toil & sorr[ su* z he _h nev] be=e kn[n1 & su* z ! animals c]ta9ly h nev] kn[n4 ,& 9 t di/ressful /ate1 9 t doleful valley ( 8 long pilgrimage1 he /ill rema9s to-day4 ,?us has ! cank] ( self-consci\sness done its "w4 ,x w\ld be fooli% & useless to rail aga9/ ! process1 or to blame any "o = x4 ,x _h to be4 ,?r\gh ?is dismal vale ( self-seek+ mank9d _h to pass--if only 9 ord] at la/ to f9d ! ,true ,self :i* 0 7& /ill rema9s7 its goal4 ,! pilgrimage w n la/ = ev]4 ,inde$ !re are signs t ! rec5t ,great ,w> & ! foll[+ ,ev5ts m>k ! l[e/ po9t ( desc5t & ! beg9n+ ( ! human s\l's return to sanity & asc5t t[>ds ! heav5ly ,k+dom4 ,no d\bt ,man w arrive aga9 ,,"s day at ! grace1 composure & leisurely beauty ( life :i* ! animals realiz$ long ago1 ?\gh he seems a preci\s long "t ab\t x2 & :5 all ?is nightm>e ( ,gre$ & ,vanity & ,self-conceit & ,cruelty & ,lu/ ( oppression & dom9ation1 :i* m>ks ! pres5t p]iod1 is pa/--& x ,,w pass--!n ,humanity w come aga9 to its ,gold5 ,age & to t ,p>adise ( r$emption & peace :i* has = s long be5 prophesi$4 ,b we are deal+ ) ! orig9s ( ,religion2 & :at ,i want ! read] to see is t x 0 j ?is break+ up ( ! old psy*ologic unity & cont9uity ( man ) 8 surr\nd+s :i* l$ to ! :ole panorama ( ! rituals & cre$s4 ,man1 c5t]+ r\nd himself1 necess>ily became an exile f ! great ,:ole4 ,he committ$ ! s9 7if x 0 a s97 ( ,sep>ation4 ,anyh[ ,nemesis 0 swift4 ,! s5se ( lonel9ess & ! s5se ( guilt came on him4 ,! realization ( himself z a sep>ate consci\s be+ necess>ily l$ to 8 attribut+ a simil> consci\sness ( "s k9d to ! great ,life ar\nd him4 ,action & reaction are equal & opposite4 ,:atev] he may h felt be=e1 x became cle> to him n[ t be+s m or less l himself--?\gh d\btless va/] & m p[]ful--mov$ beh9d ! veil ( ! visible _w4 ,f t mom5t ! belief 9 ,magic & ,demons & ,gods arose or sl[ly develop$ itself2 & 9 ! mid/ ( ?is turmoil ( p]il\s & conflict+ p[]s1 he p]ceiv$ himself an ali5 & an exile1 /rick5 ) ,fe>1 /rick5 ) ! s5se ( ,s94 ,if be=e1 he _h exp]i5c$ fe>--9 ! k9d ( automatic way ( self-pres]vation 9 :i* ! animals feel x--he n[1 ) fev]$ self-reg>d & excit$ imag9ation1 exp]i5c$ x 9 d\ble or treble degree4 ,& if1 be=e1 he _h be5 aw>e t =tune & *ance 7 n always fri5dly & propiti\s to 8 designs1 he n[ p]ceiv$ or ?\ght he p]ceiv$ 9 e adv]se happ5+ ! delib]ate p]secution ( ! p[]s1 & an accusation ( guilt direct$ aga9/ him = "s neglect or defici5cy 9 8 relation to !m4 ,h5ce by a p]fectly logical & natural sequ5ce !re arose ! belief 9 o!r-_w or sup]natural p[]s1 :e!r purely =tuit\s & magical or m di/9ctly rational & p]sonal2 !re arose ! s5se ( ,s91 or ( (f5ce aga9/ ^! p[]s2 !re arose a complex ritual ( ,expiation--:e!r by p]sonal sacrifice & suff]+ or by ! sacrifice ( victims4 ,!re arose too a :ole catalogue ( c]emonies--c]emonies ( ,initiation1 by :i* ! novice %\ld le>n to keep )9 ! good grace ( ! ,p[]s1 & "u ! bless+ ( 8 ,tribe & ! protection ( its ,totem2 c]emonies ( ,eu*>i/ic meals :i* %\ld re/ore ! lo/ sanctity ( ! common life & remove ! s5se ( guilt & isolation2 c]emonies ( ,m>riage & rules & rites ( sex-connection1 fitt$ to curb ! t]rific & demonic viol5ce ( passions :i* else inde$ might easily r5d ! community asund]4 ,& s on4 ,x is easy to see t grant$ an e>ly /age ( simple unreflect+ nature-consci\sness1 & grant+ ?is brok5 into &1 aft] a "t1 %att]$ by ! arrival ( ,,self-consci\sness !re w\ld necess>ily foll[ 9 spontane\s yet logical ord] a :ole s]ies ( religi\s in/itutions & beliefs1 :i* phantasmal & unreal z !y may appe> to u1 7 by no means unreal to our ance/ors4 ,x is easy also to see t z ! psy*ological process 0 necess>ily ( simil> g5]al "* 9 e bran* ( ! human race & all ov] ! _w1 s ! religi\s evolutions--! cre$s & rituals--took on mu* ! same complexion ev]y:]e2 &1 ?\gh !y diff]$ 9 details accord+ to climate & o!r influ5ces1 ran on su* rem>kably p>allel l9es z we h not$4 ,f9ally1 to make ! :ole matt] cle>1 let me repeat t ?is ev5t1 ! inbreak ( ,self-consci\sness1 took place1 or ,,began to take place1 an enorm\s "t ago1 p]haps 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,neoli?ic ,age4 ,i dwell on ! ^w began because ,i ?9k x is probable t 9 its beg9n+s1 & = a long p]iod aft]1 ?is newborn consci\sness _h an infantile & v innoc5t "*1 q diff]5t f its lat] & m aggressive =ms--j z we see self-consci\sness 9 a little *ild has a *>m & a grace :i* x loses lat] 9 a boa/ful or grasp+ boyhood & manhood4 ,s we may und]/& t ?\gh self-consci\sness may h begun to appe> 9 ! human race at ?is v e>ly "t 7& m or less contemporane\sly ) ! inv5tion ( v rude tools & un=m$ language71 !re probably did elapse a v long p]iod--p]haps ! :ole ( ! ,neoli?ic ,age--be=e ! evils ( ?is second /age ( human evolution came to a head4 ,max ,mull] has po9t$ out t among ! words :i* are common to ! v>i\s bran*es ( ,aryan language1 & :i* !re=e belong to ! v e>ly p]iod be=e ! sep>ation ( ^! bran*es1 !re are n f\nd ! words d5ot+ w> & conflict & ! weapons & in/rum5ts ( /rife--a fact :i* sugge/s a long cont9uance ( peaceful habit among mank9d ,,aft] ! fir/ =mation & use ( language4 ,t ! bir? ( language & ! bir? ( self-consci\sness 7 ,,approximately simultane\s is a probable !ory1 & "o favor$ by _m ?9k]s2 7#a7 b ! sl[ beg9n+s ( bo? mu/ h be5 s v protract$ t x is p]haps useless to attempt any v exact det]m9ation4 ,late rese>*es seem to %[ t language began 9 :at might be call$ ,,tribal expressions ( mood & feel+ 7holophrases l g-hunt+-kill-be>7 )\t ref]5ce to individual p]sonalities & relation%ips2 & t x 0 only at a lat] /age t words l ,i & ,?\ came into use1 & ! holophrases broke up into p>ts ( spee* & took on a def9ite grammatical /ructure4 7#b7 ,if true1 ^! facts po9t cle>ly to a long =egr\nd ( rude communal language1 some?+ l ?\gh greatly sup]ior to t ( ! animals1 prec$+ or prep>+ ! evolution ( ,self-consci\sness prop]1 9 ! =ms ( ,i & ,?\ & ! gramm> ( p]sonal actions & relations4 ,!y %[ t ! plural & all o!r =ms ( numb] 9 gramm> arise n by multiplication ( an orig9al ',i1' b by selection & gradual ,,exclusion f an orig9al collective 'we4' 7#c7 ,accord+ to ?is view ! bir? ( self-consci\sness 9 ! human family1 or 9 any p>ticul> race or section ( ! human family1 mu/ h be5 equally sl[ & hesitat+2 & x w\ld be easy to imag9e1 z j said1 t !re may h be5 a v long & 'gold5' p]iod at its beg9n+1 be=e ! new consci\sness took on its matur] & h>%] =ms4 7#a7 ,dr4 ,bucke 7,cosmic ,consci\sness7 insi/s on _! simultaneity1 b places bo? ev5ts excessively f> back1 z we %\ld ?9k1 i4e4 #bjj1jjj or #cjj1jjj ye>s ago4 ,possibly he does n diff]5tiate suffici5tly betwe5 ! rude language ( ! holophrase & ! mu* lat] gr[? ( =m$ & grammatical spee*4 7#b7 ,see ,a4 ,e4 ,crawley's ,idea ( ! ,s\l1 *4 ii2 ,jane ,h>rison's ,!mis1 pp4 #dgc-e2 & ,e4 ,j4 ,payne's ,hi/ory ( ! ,new ,_w call$ ,am]ica1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #aae sq41 :]e ! beg9n+ ( self-consci\sness is associat$ ) ! break-up ( ! holophrase4 7#c7 ,!mis1 p4 #dga4 ,all e/imates ( ! ,"t involv$ 9 ^! evolutions ( e>ly man are notori\sly mo/ div]g5t & mo/ difficult to be sure (2 b if we take #ejj1jjj ye>s ago = ! fir/ appe>ance ( v]itable ,man 7homo primig5ius71 7#b7 & 7foll[+ ,pr(essor ,w4 ,j4 ,sollas7 7#c7 #cj1jjj or #dj1jjj ye>s ago = ! fir/ tool-us+ m5 7homo sapi5s7 ( ! ,*ellean ,age 7palaeoli?ic71 #ae1jjj = ! rock-pa9t+s & inscriptions ( ! ,aurignacian & ,magdal5ian peoples1 & #e1jjj ye>s ago = ! fir/ actual hi/orical records t h come d[n to u1 we may p]haps get some?+ l a proportion betwe5 ! diff]5t p]iods4 ,t is to say1 half a million ye>s = ! purely animal man 9 8 diff]5t =ms & grades ( evolution4 ,!n some:]e t[>ds ! end ( palaeoli?ic or comm5cem5t ( neoli?ic times ,self-consci\sness dimly beg9n+ &1 aft] "s #aj1jjj ye>s ( sl[ g]m9ation & pre-hi/oric culture1 culm9at+ 9 ! actual hi/oric p]iod & ! dawn ( civilization #dj or #ej c5turies ago1 & to-day 7we hope71 rea*+ ! climax :i* prec$es or =etells its abatem5t & trans=mation4 7#b7 ,?\gh ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,kei?1 ,anci5t ,types ( ,man 7#aiaa71 pp4 #ic & #ajb1 puts ! figure at m l a million4 7#c7 ,see ,anci5t ,hunt]s 7#aiae72 also ,ha/+s's ,encycl4 art4 ,e?nology2 & ,havelock ,ellis1 ,! ,orig9 ( ,w>1 9 ,! ,philosophy ( ,conflict & o!r ,essays4 ,no d\bt _m geologi/s & an?ropologi/s w\ld favor p]iods greatly ,,long] ?an ^? "h m5tion$2 b possibly !re w\ld be "s agreem5t z to ! ,,ratio to ea* o!r ( ! times conc]n$3 t is1 ! said au?orities w\ld probably all[ = a ,,v long animal-man 7#a7-p]iod correspond+ to ! fir/ /age2 = a mu* %ort] aggressively 'self consci\s' p]iod1 correspond+ to ! ,second ,/age--p]haps la/+ only "o ?irtie? or fiftie? ( ! "t ( ! fir/ p]iod2 & !n--if !y look$ =w>d at all to a ?ird /age--w\ld be incl9$ = obvi\s reasons to attribute to t aga9 a v ext5d$ duration4 7#a7 ,i use ! phrase 'animal-man' "h1 n ) any flavor ( contempt or reprobation1 z ! de> ,victorians w\ld h us$ x1 b ) a s5se ( g5u9e respect & admiration su* z "o feels t[>ds ! animals !mselves4 ,h[ev]1 all ?is is v speculative4 ,to return to ! difficulty ab\t ,language & ! consid]ation ( ^? e>ly times :5 words adequate to ! expression ( religi\s or magical ideas simply did n exi/1 x is cle> t ! only available1 or at any rate ! ,,*ief means ( expression1 9 ^? times1 mu/ h consi/$ 9 ge/ures1 9 attitudes1 9 c]emonial ,,actions--9 a m or less elaborate ritual1 9 fact4 7#a7 ,su* ideas z ,adoration1 ,?anksgiv+1 confession ( ,guilt1 placation ( ,wra?1 ,expiation1 ,sacrifice1 ,celebration ( ,community1 sacram5tal ,atonem5t1 & a score ( o!rs c\ld at t "t be express$ by appropriate rites--& z a matt] ( fact are (t5 s express$ ev5 n[--,,m readily & directly ?an by language4 ',danc+'--:5 t ^w came to be inv5t$--did n mean a m]e fl++ ab\t ( ! limbs 9 recreation1 b any expressive movem5ts ( ! body :i* might be us$ to convey ! feel+s ( ! danc] or ( ! audi5ce :om he repres5t$4 ,& s ! 'religi\s dance' became a mo/ important "p ( ritual4 7#a7 ,see *4 ix & xi4 ,s mu* = ! second /age ( ,consci\sness4 ,let u n[ pass on to ! ,?ird ,/age4 ,x is evid5t t ! process ( disruption & dissolution--disruption bo? ( ! human m9d1 & ( society r\nd ab\t x1 due to ! action ( ! ,second ,/age--c\ld n g on indef9itely4 ,!re are hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( p at ! pres5t mom5t :o are dy+ ( m5tal or bodily disease--_! n]v\s sy/ems brok5 d[n by tr\bles connect$ ) excessive self-consci\sness--selfi% fe>s & worries & re/lessness4 ,society at l>ge is p]i%+ bo? 9 indu/ry & 9 w>f>e ?r\gh ! dom9ation 9 its organism ( ! self-motives ( gre$ & vanity & ambition4 ,?is _c g on = ev]4 ,?+s mu/ ei!r cont9ue 9 ! same /ra91 9 :i* case x is evid5t t we are approa*+ a crisis ( utt] dissolution1 ,,or a new elem5t mu/ ent] 91 a new inspiration ( life1 & we 7z individuals7 & ! society ( :i* we =m a "p1 mu/ make a fre% />t4 ,:at is t new & necess>y elem5t ( reg5]ation8 ,x is evid5t t x mu/ be a new bir?--! entry into a fur!r /age ( consci\sness :i* mu/ sup]s$e ! pres5t "o4 ,?r\gh "s su* crisis z we h spok5 (1 ?r\gh ! extreme ( suff]+1 ! m9d ( ,man1 ,,z ,,at ,,pres5t ,,con/itut$1 has to die4 7#a7 ,self-consci\sness has to die1 & be buri$1 & rise aga9 9 a new =m4 ,probably no?+ b ! extreme ( suff]+ c br+ ?is ab\t4 7#b7 ,& :at is ?is new =m 9 :i* consci\sness has to re>ise8 ,obvi\sly1 s9ce ! mis]ies ( ! _w dur+ c\ntless c5turies h dat$ f t fatal attempt to make ! little p]sonal ,,self ! c5tre ( ef=t & activity1 & s9ce t attempt has inevitably l$ to disunity & discord & dea?1 bo? )9 ! m9d itself & )9 ! body ( society1 !re is no?+ left b ! return to a ,consci\sness :i* %all h ,unity z its f\ndation-pr9ciple1 & :i* %all proce$ f ! direct ,,s5se ,,& ,,p]ception ( su* an unity ?r\gh\t creation4 ,! simple m9d ( ,e>ly ,man & ! ,animals 0 ( t "*--a consci\sness1 s to speak1 cont9u\s ?r\gh nature1 & ?\gh runn+ to po9ts ( illum9ation & foci ( special activity 9 individuals1 yet at no po9t ess5tially brok5 or imprison$ 9 sep>ate comp>tm5ts4 7,& x is ?is ,,cont9uity ( ! primitive m9d :i* enables u1 z ,i h already expla9$1 to und]/& ! my/]i\s work+s ( in/9ct & intuition47 ,to "s su* unity-consci\sness we h to return2 b cle>ly x w be--x is n--( ! simple in*oate "* ( ! ,fir/ ,/age1 = x has be5 enri*$1 deep5$1 & greatly ext5d$ by ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,second ,/age4 ,x is 9 fact1 a new ord] ( m5tality--! consci\sness ( ! ,?ird ,/age4 7#a7 ,! m9d mu/ be re/ra9$ 9 ! he>t till x comes to an end1 says ! ,maitrayana-,brahmana-,upani%ad4 7#b7 ,"o may rememb] 9 ?is connection ! tapas ( ! ,h9du yogi1 or ! ordeals ( initiates into ! pagan ,my/]ies g5]ally4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ! op]ation & qualities ( ?is ,?ird ,consci\sness1 x may be ( assi/ance j n[ to consid] 9 :at m or less rudim5t>y way or ways x figur$ 9 ! pagan rituals & 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,we h se5 ! rude ,sib]yaks 9 ,nor?-,ea/]n ,asia or ! ',grizzly' tribes ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians 9 ! neighborhood ( ,m\nt ,%a/a pay+ _! respects & adoration to a captive be>--at once ! food-animal1 & ! div9ity ( ! ,tribe4 ,a tribesman _h sla9 a be>--&1 be x said1 _h sla9 x n 9 a public hunt ) all due c]emonies obs]v$1 b privately = 8 own satisfaction4 ,he _h committ$1 !re=e1 a s9 !oretically unp>donable2 = _h he n--to gratify 8 p]sonal desire = food--levell$ a bl[ at ! gu>dian _s ( ! ,tribe8 ,_h he n ali5at$ himself f 8 fell[s by de/roy+ its v symbol8 ,!re 0 only "o way by :i* he c\ld rega9 ! fell[%ip ( 8 companions4 ,he mu/ make am5ds by "s public sacrifice1 & in/ead ( reta9+ ! fle% ( ! animal = himself he mu/ %>e x ) ! :ole tribe 7or clan7 9 a common fea/1 :ile at ! same "t1 t5se/ pray]s & ?anks are (f]$ to ! animal = ! gift ( 8 body = food4 ,! ,magic =mula dem&$ no?+ less ?an ?is--else dread disa/] w\ld fall ^u ! man :o s9n$1 & ^u ! :ole bro!rhood4 ,"h1 & 9 a hundr$ simil> rites1 we see ! ?ree phases ( tribal psy*ology--! fir/1 9 :i* ! individual memb] simply rema9s )9 ! compass ( ! tribal m9d1 & only acts 9 h>mony ) x2 ! second1 9 :i* ! individual /eps outside & to gratify 8 p]sonal ,,self p]=ms an action :i* ali5ates him f 8 fell[s2 & ! ?ird1 9 :i*1 to make am5ds & to prove 8 s9c]ity1 he submits to "s sacrifice1 & by a common fea/ or "s su* c]emony is receiv$ back aga9 into ! unity ( ! fell[%ip4 ,! body ( ! animal-div9ity is consum$1 & ! latt] becomes1 bo? 9 ! _s & 9 ! fle%1 ! ,savior ( ! tribe4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 :5 ! ,totem or ,gu>dian-_s is no long] m]ely an ,animal1 or animal-head$ ,g5ius1 b a q human-=m$ ,div9ity1 /ill ! same g5]al outl9e ( ideas is pres]v$--only ) ga!r$ int5sity ow+ to ! specially human int]e/ ( ! drama4 ,! ,div9ity :o gives 8 life = 8 flock is no long] j an ord9>y ,bull or ,lamb1 b ,adonis or ,osiris or ,dionysus or ,jesus4 ,he is betray$ by "o ( 8 own foll[]s1 & suff]s dea?1 b rises aga9 r$eem+ all ) himself 9 ! "o fell[%ip2 & ! corn & ! w9e & ! wild fle% :i* 7 8 body1 & :i* he gave = ! su/5ance ( mank9d1 are consum$ 9 a holy supp] ( reconciliation4 ,x is always ! return to unity :i* is ! ritual ( ,salvation1 & ( :i* ! symbol is ! ,eu*>i/--! second bir?1 ! =mation ( a new creature :5 old ?+s are pass$ away4 ,= ,except a man be born aga91 he _c see ! ,k+dom ( ,god2 & ! fir/ man is ( ! e>?1 e>?ly1 b ! second man is ! ,"l f heav54 ,l a /range refra91 & f c5turies be=e our era1 comes d[n ?is belief 9 a god :o is imprison$ 9 ea* man1 & ^: lib]ation is a new bir? & ! beg9n+ ( a new creature3 ,rejoice1 ye initiates 9 ! my/]y ( ! lib]at$ god--rejoice 9 ! ?\ght ( ! h]o :o di$ z a mortal 9 ! c(f91 b rises aga9 z ,"l ( all6 ,:o !n 0 ?is ,*ri/os = :om ! _w 0 wait+ ?ree c5turies be=e our era 7& inde$ c5turies be=e t78 ,:o 0 ?is ?rice ,savior :om ! ,greek ,gno/ics acclaim$8 ,:at 0 ! mean+ ( t com+ ( ! ,son ( ,man :om ,daniel beheld 9 vision among ! cl\ds ( heav58 or ( ! p]fect man :o1 ,paul decl>$1 %\ld deliv] u f ! bondage ( corruption into ! glori\s lib]ty ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god8 ,:at 0 ?is salvation :i* "t aft] "t & times aga9 ! pagan deities promis$ to _! devotees1 & :i* ! ,eleus9ian & o!r ,my/]ies repres5t$ 9 _! religi\s dramas ) su* conv9c+ en?usiasm t ev5 ,p9d> c\ld say ,happy is he :o has se5 !m 7! ,my/]ies7 be=e he goes b5ea? ! holl[ e>?3 t man kn[s ! true end ( life & its s\rce div9e2 & conc]n+ :i* ,sophocles & ,aes*ylus 7 equally en?usia/ic8 7#a7 7#a7 ,see ,f>nell's ,cults ( ! ,greek ,/ates1 vol4 iii1 p4 #aid2 also ,! ,my/]ies1 ,pagan & ,*ri/ian1 by ,s4 ,*ee?am1 ,d4,d4 7,london1 #ahig74 ,c we d\bt1 9 ! light ( all t we h already said1 :at ! answ] to ^! que/ions is8 ,z ) ! fir/ blossom+ ( self-consci\sness 9 ! human m9d came ! dawn ( an imm5se cycle ( exp]i5ce--a cycle inde$ ( exile f ,ed51 ( suff]+ & toil & bl9d w&]+s 9 ! wild]ness1 yet a cycle absolutely necess>y & unavoidable--s n[ ! r$emption1 ! return1 ! re/oration has to come ?r\gh ano!r =w>d /ep1 9 ! same doma94 ,ab&on+ ! que/ & ! glorification ( ! sep>ate isolat$ self we h to return to ! cosmic univ]sal life4 ,x is ! blossom+ inde$ ( ?is 'new' life 9 ! deeps ( our m9ds :i* is salvation1 & :i* all ! expressions :i* ,i h j cit$ h indicat$4 ,x is ?is pres5ce :i* all d[n ! ages has be5 hail$ z ,savior & ,lib]ator3 ! daybreak ( a consci\sness s mu* va/]1 s mu* m glori\s1 ?an all t has gone be=e t ! little c&le ( ! local self is swall[$ up 9 its rays4 ,x is ! return home1 ! return into direct t\* ) ,nature & ,man--! lib]ation f ! long exile ( sep>ation1 f ! pa9ful s5se ( isolation & ! odi\s nightm>e ( guilt & 's94' ,c we d\bt t ?is new bir?--?is ?ird /age ( consci\sness1 if we l to call x s--has to come1 t x is inde$ n m]ely a pi\s hope or a t5tative !ory1 b a ,,fact te/ifi$ to already by a cl\d ( witnesses 9 ! pa/--witnesses %9+ 9 _! own easily recognizable & au!ntic light1 yet = ! mo/ "p isolat$ f ea* o!r among ! arid & unfruitful wa/es ( ,civilization1 l gl[-worms 9 ! dry grass ( a summ] night8 ,s9ce ! fir/ dim evolution ( human self-consci\sness an imm5se p]iod1 z we h said--p]haps #cj1jjj ye>s1 p]haps ev5 m--has elaps$4 ,n[1 9 ! pres5t day ?is p]iod is rea*+ its culm9ation1 & ?\gh x w n t]m9ate imm$iately1 its end is1 s to speak1 9 sight4 ,mean:ile1 dur+ all ! hi/orical age beh9d u--say = ! la/ #d1jjj or #e1jjj ye>s--evid5ce has be5 com+ 9 7p>tly 9 ! religi\s rites record$1 p>tly 9 oracles1 poems & prophetic lit]ature7 ( ! onset ( ?is fur!r illum9ation--! light :i* nev] 0 on sea or l&--& ! cl\d ( witnesses1 scatt]$ at fir/1 has 9 ^! lat] c5turies become s evid5t & s notable t we are tempt$ to believe 9 or to anticipate a great & g5]al new bir?1 z n[ n s v f> (f4 7#a7 7,we %\ld1 h[ev]1 d well to rememb]1 9 ?is connexion1 t _m a "t already 9 ! hi/ory ! ,mill5nium has be5 prophesi$1 & yet n arriv$ punctual to date1 & to take to ourselves ! words ( ',pet]1' :o some:at griev\sly disappo9t$ at ! long-delay$ second com+ ( ! ,"l ,jesus 9 ! cl\ds ( heav51 wrote 9 8 second ,epi/le3 ,!re %all come 9 ! la/ days sc(f]s1 walk+ aft] _! own lu/s1 & say+1 ,:]e is ! promise ( 8 com+8 = s9ce ! fa!rs fell asleep1 all ?+s cont9ue z !y 7 f ! beg9n+ ( ! creation4 7#b77 7#a7 ,= an amplification ( all ?is !me1 see ,dr4 ,bucke's rem>kable & epo*-mak+ book1 ,cosmic ,consci\sness 7fir/ publi%$ at ,philadelphia1 #aija74 7#b7 #b ,pet] iii4 #d2 writt5 probably ab\t ,a4,d4 #aej4 ,i say t all ?r\gh ! hi/orical age beh9d u !re has be5 evid5ce--ev5 ?\gh scatt]$--( salvation & ! return ( ! ,cosmic life4 ,man has nev] be5 s completely subm]g$ 9 ! bitt] sea ( self-c5tr$ness b :at he has occasionally be5 able to da% ! spray f 8 eyes & glimpse ! sun & ! glori\s light ( heav54 ,f h[ f> back we _c say1 b f an imm5se antiquity come ! beautiful my?s :i* indicate ?is4 ,c9d]ella1 ! c9d]-maid51 sits unbekn[n 9 h] e>?ly hut*2 ,gib$ & je]$ at %e bewails h] lonely fate2 ,nev]!less y\nge/-born %e surpasses h] si/]s & endues a g>m5t ( ! sun & />s2 ,f a t9y sp>k %e asc5ds & irradiates ! univ]se1 & is w$d$ to ! pr9ce ( heav54 ,h[ lovely ?is vision ( ! little maid5 sitt+ unbekn[n close to ! ,he>?-fire ( ! univ]se--h]self inde$ j a little sp>k f x2 despis$ & reject$2 reject$ by ! _w1 despis$ by h] two eld] si/]s 7! body & ! intellect72 yet %e1 ! s\l1 ?\gh late/-born1 by f> ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ?ree4 ,& ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,love :o r$eems & sets h] free2 & ( h] w$d+ g>m5t ! glory & beauty ( all nature & ( ! heav5s6 ,! p>ables ( ,jesus are *>m+ 9 _! way1 b !y h>dly rea* ?is height ( inspiration4 ,or ! _w-old my? ( ,eros & ,psy*e4 ,h[ /range t "h aga9 !re are ?ree si/]s 7! ?ree /ages ( human evolution71 & ! late/-born ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ?ree1 & ! jeal\sies & p]secutions heap$ on ! y\nge/ by ! o!rs1 & especially by ,aphrodite ! goddess ( m]e s5sual *>m4 ,& aga9 ! com+ ( ! unkn[n1 ! unse5 ,lov]1 on :om x is n p]mitt$ = mortals to look2 & ! long1 long te/s & suff]+s & trials :i* ,psy*e has to und]go be=e ,eros may really take h] to 8 arms & translate h] to ! heights ( heav54 ,c we n imag9e h[ :5 ^! ?+s 7 repres5t$ 9 ! ,my/]ies ! _w flock$ to see !m1 & ! poets inde$ said1 ,happy are !y t see & see+ c und]/&8 ,c we n und]/& h[ x 0 t ! ,amphictyonic decree ( ! second c5tury ,b4,c4 spoke ( ^! same ,my/]ies z en=c+ ! lesson t ! greate/ ( human bless+s is fell[%ip & mutual tru/8 ,,xv4 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,my/]ies ,?us we come to a ?+ :i* we mu/ n pass ov]1 because x ?r[s great light on ! mean+ & int]pretation ( all ^! rites & c]emonies ( ! great ,_w-religion4 ,i mean ! subject ( ! ,anci5t ,my/]ies4 ,& to ?is ,i w give a few pages4 ,^! ,my/]ies 7 probably survivals ( ! olde/ religi\s rites ( ! ,greek races1 & 9 _! e>li] =ms consi/$ n s mu* 9 wor%ip ( ! gods ( ,heav5 z ( ! div9ities ( ,e>?1 & ( ,nature & ,dea?4 ,crude1 no d\bt1 at fir/1 !y gradually became 7especially 9 _! ,eleus9ian =m7 m ref9$ & philosophical2 ! rites 7 gradually ?r[n op51 on c]ta9 conditions1 n only to m5 g5]ally1 b also to wom51 & ev5 to slaves2 & 9 ! end !y influ5c$ ,*ri/ianity deeply4 7#a7 7#a7 ,see ,edw9 ,hat*1 ,d4,d41 ,! ,influ5ce ( ,greek ,ideas & ,usages on ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 7,london1 #ahij71 pp4 #bhc-e4 ,!re 7 app>5tly ?ree =ms ( tea*+ made use ( 9 ^! rites3 ^! 7 gr legom5a1 ?+s ,,said2 gr deiknum5a1 ?+s ,,%[n2 & gr drwm5a1 ?+s ,,p]=m$ or ,,act$4 7#a7 ,i h giv5 already "s in/ances ( ?+s said--texts :isp]$ = consolation 9 ! neophyte's e>1 & s =?2 ( ! ,,?ird gr\p1 ?+s enact$1 we h a fair am\nt ( evid5ce4 ,!re 7 ritual dramas or passion-plays1 ( :i* an important "o dealt ) ! desc5t ( ,kore or ,pros]p9e into ! und]world1 z 9 ! ,eleus9ian repres5tations1 7#b7 & h] r$emption & re/oration to ! upp] _w 9 ,spr+2 ano!r ) ! suff]+s ( ,psy*e & h] rescue by ,eros1 z describ$ by ,apuleius 7#c7--;himself an initiate 9 ! cult ( ,isis4 ,!re is a p>ody by ,lucian1 :i* tells ( ! bir? ( ,apollo1 ! m>riage ( ,coronis1 & ! com+ ( ,aesculapius z ,savior2 !re 0 ! dy+ & ris+ aga9 ( ,dionysus 7*ief div9ity ( ! ,orphic cult72 & sometimes ! my/]y ( ! bir? ( ,dionysus z a holy *ild4 7#d7 ,!re 01 e ye> at ,eleusis1 a solemn & l5g?y procession or pilgrimage made1 symbolic ( ! long pilgrimage ( ! human s\l1 its suff]+s & deliv]ance4 7#a7 ,*ee?am1 op4 cit41 pp4 #di-fa sq4 7#b7 ,see ,f>nell1 op4 cit41 iii4 #aeh sq4 7#c7 ,see ,! ,gold5 ,ass4 7#d7 ,f>nell1 ii1 #agg4 ,almo/ always1 says ,dr4 ,*ee?am1 ! suff]+ ( a god--suff]+ foll[$ by triumph--seems to h be5 ! subject ( ! sacr$ drama4 ,!n occasionally to ! ,neophytes1 aft] tak+ "p 9 ! pilgrimage1 & :5 _! m9ds _h be5 prep>$ by an ordeal ( d>kness & fatigue & t]rors1 0 accord$ a revelation ( ,p>adise1 & ev5 a vision ( ,transfiguration--! =m ( ! ,hi]ophant himself1 or tea*] ( ! ,my/]ies1 be+ se5 half-lo/ 9 a blaze ( light4 7#a7 ,f9ally1 !re 0 ! eat+ ( food & dr9k+ ( b>ley-dr9k f ! sacr$ *e/ 7#b7--;a k9d ( ,communion or ,eu*>i/4 7#a7 ,ibid41 #agi sq4 7#b7 ,ibid41 #ahf4 ,sacr$ *e/s1 9 :i* holy ?+s 7 kept1 figure frequ5tly 9 e>ly rites & leg5ds--z 9 ! case ( ! ark ( ! ,jewi% tab]nacle1 ! ark or box c>ri$ 9 celebrations ( ! my/]ies ( ,bac*us 7,!ocritus1 ,idyll xxvi71 ! leg5d ( ,p&ora's box :i* conta9$ ! se$s ( all good & evil1 ! ark ( ,noah :i* sav$ all liv+ creatures f ! flood1 ! ,argo ( ! argonauts1 ! moon%ap$ boat 9 :i* ,isis float+ ov] ! wat]s ga!r$ toge!r ! sev]$ limbs ( ,osiris1 & s br\ght ab\t 8 resurrection1 & ! _m *e/s or c(f9s out ( :i* ! v>i\s gods 7,adonis1 ,attis1 ,osiris1 ,jesus71 hav+ be5 laid !re 9 dea?1 rose aga9 = ! r$emption ( ! _w4 ,!y all evid5tly ref] to ! my/ic womb ( ,nature & ( ,woman1 & are symbols ( salvation & r$emption 7,= a full discussion ( ?is subject1 see ,! ,great ,law ( religi\s orig9s1 by ,w4 ,williamson1 *4 iv47 ,apuleius 9 ,! ,gold5 ,ass gives an int]e/+ acc\nt ( 8 induction into ! my/]ies ( ,isis3 h[1 bidd+ f>ewell "o ev5+ to ! g5]al congregation outside1 & clo!d 9 a new l95 g>m5t1 he 0 h&$ by ! prie/ into ! inn] recesses ( ! temple itself2 h[ he approa*$ ! conf9es ( dea?1 & hav+ trod on ! ?re%old ( ,pros]p9e 7! ,und]world71 return$ !refrom1 be+ borne ?r\gh all ! elem5ts4 ,at midnight ,i saw ! sun %9+ ) its brilliant light3 & ,i approa*$ ! pres5ce ( ! ,gods b5ea? & ! ,gods above1 & /ood ne> & wor%ipp$ !m4 ,dur+ ! night ?+s happ5$ :i* mu/ n be disclos$2 b 9 ! morn+ he came =? consecrat$ by be+ dress$ 9 twelve /oles pa9t$ ) ! figures ( animals4 7#a7 ,he asc5d$ a pulpit 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,temple1 c>ry+ 9 8 "r h& a burn+ tor*1 :ile a *aplet encircl$ 8 head1 f :i* palm-leaves project$ l rays ( light4 ,?us array$ l ! ,sun1 & plac$ s z to resemble a /atue1 on a sudd5 ! curta9s be+ drawn aside1 ,i 0 expos$ to ! gaze ( ! multitude4 ,aft] ?is ,i celebrat$ ! mo/ joyful day ( my initiation1 z my natal day 7day ( ! ,new ,bir?7 & !re 0 a joy\s banquet & mir?ful conv]sation4 7#a7 ,an allusion no d\bt to ! twelve signs ( ! ,zodiac1 ! pa?way ( ! ,sun1 z well z to ! practice ( ! anci5t prie/s ( we>+ ! sk9s ( totem-animals 9 sign ( _! div9ity4 ,"o c h>dly refuse to recognize 9 ?is acc\nt ! description ( "s k9d ( c]emony :i* 0 suppos$ to seal ! illum9ation ( a man & 8 new bir? into div9ity--! animal orig91 ! circl+ ( all exp]i5ce1 ! t]rors ( dea?1 & ! resurrection 9 ! =m ( ! ,sun1 ! symbol ( all light & life4 ,! v ^w illum9ation c>ries ! ideas ( light & a new bir? ) x4 ,reitz5/e9 9 8 v int]e/+ book on ! ,greek ,my/]ies 7#a7 speaks ov] & ov] aga9 ( ! illum9ation 7gr fwtismos7 :i* 0 held to att5d ,initiation & ,salvation4 ,! doctr9e ( ,salvation inde$ 7gr sw?ria7 01 z we h already se51 rife & widely curr5t 9 ! ,second ,c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,x repres5t$ a real exp]i5ce1 & ! man :o %>$ ?is exp]i5ce became a gr qeios gr anqrwpos or div9e man4 7#b7 ,9 ! ,orphic ,tablets ! phrase ,i am a *ild ( e>? & ! />ry heav51 b my race is ( heav5 7alone7 occurs m ?an once4 ,9 "o ( ! longe/ ( !m ! dead man is in/ruct$ aft] he has pass$ ! wat]s 7( ,le!7 :]e ! :ite ,cypress & ! ,h\se ( ,hades are to address ^! v words to ! gu>dians ( ! ,lake ( ,memory :ile he asks = a dr9k ( cold wat] f t ,lake4 ,9 ano!r ! dead p]son himself is ?us address$3 ,hail1 ?\ :o ha/ endur$ ! ,suff]+1 su* z inde$ ?\ had/ nev] suff]$ be=e2 ?\ ha/ become god f man6 7#c7 ,ec/acy 0 ! acme ( ! religi\s life2 &1 :at is especially int]e/+ to u1 ,salvation or ! div9e nature 0 op5 to all m5--to all1 t is1 :o %\ld g ?r\gh ! necess>y /ages ( prep>ation = x4 7#d7 7#a7 ,die hell5i/is*5 ,my/]i5-,religion51 by ,r4 ,reitz5/e91 ,leipzig1 #aiaj4 7#b7 ,reitz5/e91 p4 #ab4 7#c7 ,^! ,tablets 7s-call$7 are in/ructions to ! dead z to _! passage into ! o!r _w1 & h be5 f\nd 9 ! tombs1 9 ,italy & else:]e1 inscrib$ on v ?9 gold plates & buri$ ) ! dep>t$4 ,see ,manual ( ,greek ,antiquities by ,p]cy ,g>dn] & ,f4 ,b4 ,j]ome 7#ahif72 also ,prolegom5a to ,greek ,religion by ,jane ,e4 ,h>rison 7#aijh74 7#d7 ,reitz5/e91 pp4 #ae & #ah2 also ,s4 ,j4 ,case1 ,evolution ( ,e>ly ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #cja4 ,reitz5/e9 cont5ds 7p4 #bf7 t 9 ! ,my/]ies1 transfiguration 7gr metamorfwsis71 salvation 7gr sw?ria71 & new bir? 7gr paligg5esia7 7 (t5 conjo9$4 ,he says 7p4 #ca71 t 9 ! ,egyptian ,osiris-cult1 ! ,initiate acquires a nature equal to ,god 7gr isoqeos71 ! v same expression z t us$ ( ,*ri/ ,jesus 9 ,philippians ii4 #f2 he m5tions ,apollonius ( ,tyana & ,s]gius ,paulus z in/ances ( m5 :o by _! contempor>ies 7 consid]$ to h atta9$ ?is nature2 & he quotes ,akhnaton 7,ph>aoh ( ,egypt 9 #acge ,b4,c47 z hav+ said1 ,?\ art 9 my he>t2 none o!r kn[s ,!e1 save ?y son ,akhnaton2 ,?\ ha/ initiat$ him into ?y wisdom & into ?y p[]4 ,he also quotes ! words ( ,h]mes 7,trismegi/us7--,come unto ,me1 ev5 z *ildr5 to _! "m's bosom3 ,?\ art ,i1 & ,i am ,?\2 :at is ?9e is m9e1 & :at is m9e is ?9e2 = inde$ ,i am ?9e image 7gr eidwlon71 & ref]s to ! dialogue betwe5 ,h]mes & ,tat1 9 :i* !y speak ( ! great & my/ic ,new ,bir? & ,union ) ! ,all--) all ,elem5ts1 ,plants & ,animals1 ,"t & ,space4 ,! ,my/]ies1 says ,dr4 ,*ee?am v c&idly1 influ5c$ ,*ri/ianity consid]ably & modifi$ x 9 "s important respects2 & ,dr4 ,hat*1 z we h se51 n only supports ?is g5]al view1 b foll[s x out 9 detail4 7#a7 ,he po9ts out t ! memb]%ip ( ! ,my/]y-societies 0 v num]\s 9 ! e>lie/ times1 ,a4,d42 t _! g5]al aims 7 good1 includ+ a s5se ( true religion1 dec5t life1 & bro!rhood2 t cleanness f crime & confession 7 dem&$ f ! neophyte2 t confession 0 foll[$ by baptism 7gr kaq>sis7 & ,,t by sacrifice2 t ! t]m gr fwtismos 7illum9ation7 0 adopt$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* z ! "n = ! new bir? ( baptism2 t ! ,*ri/ian usage ( plac+ a seal on ! =ehead came f ! same s\rce2 t baptism itself aft] a "t 0 call$ a my/]y 7gr musihri\72 t ! sacr$ cakes & b>ley-dr9k ( ! ,my/]ies became ! milk & honey & bread & w9e ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian ,eu*>i/s1 & t ! occasional sacrifice ( a lamb on ! ,*ri/ian alt> 7^: m5tion is (t5 suppress$7 probably orig9at$ 9 ! same way4 ,inde$1 ! conception ( ! communion-table ,,z an alt> & _m o!r po9ts ( ritual gradually e/abli%$ !mselves f ^! s\rces z "t w5t on4 7#b7 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say m 9 pro( ( ! ext5t to :i* 9 ^! anci5t repres5tations ?+s said & sc5es enact$ =e/all$ ! doctr9es & c]emonials ( ,*ri/ianity4 7#a7 ,see ,hat*1 op4 cit41 pp4 #bij sq4 7#b7 ,see ,dionysus ,areop4 7end ( fif? c5tury71 :o describes ! ,*ri/ian rites g5]ally 9 ,my/]y language 7,hat*1 #bif74 ,b :at ( ! second gr\p above-m5tion$1 ! ?+s ,,%[n8 ,x is n s easy naturally to get exact in=mation conc]n+ ^!1 b !y seem to h be5 specially holy objects1 probably ?+s connect$ ) v anci5t rituals 9 ! pa/--su* z sacr$ /ones1 old & rude images ( ! gods1 magic nature-symbols1 l t half-disclos$ e> ( corn above-m5tion$ 7,*4 ,v474 ,9 ! ,temple ( ,isis at ,philae1 says ,dr4 ,*ee?am1 ! dead body ( ,osiris is repres5t$ ) /alks ( corn spr++ f x1 :i* a prie/ wat]s f a vessel4 ,an inscription says3 ',?is is ! =m ( him :om we may n "n1 ,osiris ( ! ,my/]ies :o sprang f ! return+ wat]s' 7! ,nile74 ,above all1 no d\bt1 !re 7 images ( ! phallus & ! vulva1 ! great symbols ( human f]tility4 ,we h se5 7,*4 ,,xii7 t ! l+am & ! yoni are1 ev5 d[n to to-day1 commonly reta9$ & honor$ z holy objects 9 ! ,s4 ,indian ,temples1 & ano9t$ ) oil 7"s ( !m7 = a v practical reason4 ,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,fraz]1 9 8 lately publi%$ volumes on ,! ,folk-lore ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 has a *apt] 79 vol4 ii7 on ! v num]\s sacr$ /ones ( v>i\s %apes & sizes f\nd or spok5 ( 9 ,pale/9e & o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,?\gh unc]ta9 z to ! mean+ ( ^! /ones he m5tions t !y are frequ5tly1 ?\gh n always1 ,,upright4 ,ano9t+ !m ) oil1 he assures u1 is a widespread practice1 sometimes by wom5 :o wi% to obta9 *ildr54 ,& he concludes ! *apt] by say+3 ,! holy /one at ,be!l 0 probably "o ( ^? massive /&+ /ones or r\gh pill>s :i* ! ,hebrews call$ massebo?1 & :i*1 z we h se51 7 regul> adjuncts ( ,canaanite & e>ly ,israeliti% sanctu>ies4 ,we h already m5tion$ ! pill>s ,ja*9 & ,boaz :i* /ood be=e ! ,temple ( ,solomon1 & :i* _h an ackn[l$g$ sexual significance2 & s x seems probable t a great numb] ( ^! holy /ones _h a simil> mean+4 7#a7 ,foll[+ ?is clue x w\ld appe> likely t ! l+am ?us ano9t$ & wor%ipp$ 9 ! ,temples ( ,india & else:]e ,,is ! orig9al gr cri/os 7#b7 ador$ by ! human race f ! v beg9n+1 & t at a lat] "t1 :5 ! ,prie/ & ! ,k+1 z objects ( wor%ip1 took ! place ( ! ,l+am1 ,,!y also 7 ano9t$ ) ! *rism ( f]tility4 ,t ! exhibition ( ^! emblems %\ld be "p ( ! orig9al ',my/]y'-rituals 0 p]fectly natural--especially because1 z we h expla9$ already 7#c7 old cu/oms (t5 cont9u$ on 9 a q naive fa%ion 9 ! rituals1 :5 !y _h come to be ?\ght indec5t or improp] by a lat] public op9ion2 & 7we may say7 0 p]fectly 9 ord]1 because !re is pl5ty ( evid5ce to %[ t 9 ,,savage initiations1 ( :i* ! ,my/]ies 7 ! l9e> desc5dants1 all ^! ?+s ,,7 expla9$ to ! novices1 & _! use actually taught4 7#d7 ,no d\bt also !re 7 "s repres5tations or dramatic incid5ts ( a fairly co>se "*1 z d]iv+ f ^! anci5t s\rces4 7#e7 ,x is1 h[ev]1 qua9t to obs]ve h[ ! m]e m5tion ( su* ?+s has caus$ an almo/ hy/]ical commotion among ! critics ( ! ,my/]ies--f ! day ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians :o 79 ord] to belaud _! own religion7 7 nev] tir$ ( abus+ ! ,pagans1 onw>d to ! pres5t day :5 mod]n s*ol>s ei!r on ! "o h& foll[ ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 9 repres5t+ ! ,my/]ies z s9ks ( iniquity or on ! o!r 7kn[+ ?is *>ge c\ld n be sub/antiat$ except 9 ! p]iod ( _! f9al decad5ce7 take ! l9e ( ignor+ ! sexual int]e/ atta*+ to !m z non-exi/5t or at any rate unwor?y ( att5tion4 ,! good ,ar*deacon ,*ee?am1 = in/ance1 :ile writ+ an int]e/+ book on ! ,my/]ies passes by ?is side ( ! subject ,,almo/ z if x did n exi/2 :ile ! le>n$ ,dr4 ,f>nell1 ov]come app>5tly by ! weight ( 8 le>n+1 & unable to confront ! al>m+ ob/acle pres5t$ by ^! sexual rites & aspects1 hides himself beh9d ! r non-committal rem>k 7speak+ ( ! ,eleus9ian rites7 we h no "r to imag9e any "p ( ?is solemn c]emony z co>se or obsc5e4 7#f7 ,z ,nature1 h[ev]1 has be5 kn[n 7q frequ5tly7 to be co>se or obsc5e1 & z ! initiators ( ! ,my/]ies 7 probably nei!r 'good' nor 'le>n$1' b 7 simply anxi\s to int]pret ,nature z be/ !y c\ld1 we _c f9d fault ) ! latt] = ! way !y h&l$ ! problem1 nor inde$ well see h[ !y c\ld h h&l$ x bett]4 7#a7 ,f4 ,nork1 ,d] ,my/agog1 m5tions t ! ,roman ,p5ates 7 commonly ano9t$ ) oil4 ,j4 ,/u>t ,hay1 9 8 ,life ( ,elagabalus 7#aiaa71 says t ,elagabal 0 wor%ipp$ "u ! symbol ( a great black /one or meteorite1 9 ! %ape ( a ,phallus1 :i* hav+ fall5 f ! heav5s repres5t$ a true portion ( ! ,godhead1 mu* aft] ! /yle ( ^? black /one images popul>ly v5]at$ 9 ,norway & o!r p>ts ( ,europe4 7#b7 ,j4 ,e4 ,hewitt1 9 8 ,rul+ ,races ( ,pre-hi/oric ,times 7p4 #fd71 gives a long li/ ( pre-hi/oric races :o wor%ipp$ ! l+am4 7#c7 ,see ,*4 ,,xi4 7#d7 ,see ,erne/ ,crawley's ,my/ic ,rose1 *4 xiii1 pp4 #caj & #cac3 ,9 c]ta9 tribes ( ,c5tral ,africa bo? boys & girls aft] initiation mu/ z soon z possible h int]c\rse4 ,initiation be+ n m]ely prelim9>y to1 b (t5 ,,actually m>riage4 ,! same among ,kaffirs1 ,congo tribes1 ,s5egalese1 etc4 ,also among ! ,arunta ( ,au/ralia4 7#e7 ,pr(essor ,di$]i*s has said t 9 mu* anci5t ritual x 0 ?\ght t my/ic communion ) ! deity c\ld be obta9$ ?r\gh ! semblance ( sex-int]c\rse--z 9 ! ,attis-,cybele wor%ip1 & ! ,isis-ritual4 7,f>nell47 ,reitz5/e9 says 7op4 cit41 p4 #bj47 t ! ,initiates1 l "s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,nuns at a lat] "t1 believ$ 9 union ) ,god ?r\gh receiv+ ! se$4 7#f7 ,f>nell1 op4 cit41 iii4 #agf4 ,messrs4 ,g>dn] & ,jevons1 9 _! ,manual ( ,greek ,antiquities1 above-quot$1 comp>e ! ,eleus9ian ,my/]ies favorably ) "s ( ! o!rs1 l ! ,arcadian1 ! ,troez5ian1 ! ,aeg9aean1 & ! v primitive ,samo?racian3 say+ 7p4 #bgh7 t ( ! la/-m5tion$ we "k little1 b safely conjecture t 9 !m ! ideas ( sex & procreation dom9at$ ,,ev5 ,,m ?an 9 ^? ( ,eleusis4 ,aft] all x is pretty cle> t ! e>ly peoples saw 9 ,sex ! great cohesive =ce :i* kept 7we w n say ,humanity b at any rate7 ! ,tribe toge!r1 & su/a9$ ! race4 ,9 ! /age ( simple ,consci\sness ?is mu/ h be5 "o ( ! fir/ ?+s t ! budd+ intellect p]ceiv$4 ,sex became "o ( ! e>lie/ div9ities1 & !re is abundant evid5ce t its organs & processes g5]ally 7 inve/$ ) a religi\s s5se ( awe & sanctity4 ,x 0 9 fact ! symbol 7or r ! actuality7 ( ! p]man5t undy+ life ( ! race1 & z su* 0 sacr$ to ! uses ( ! race4 ,:atev] taboos may h1 among diff]5t peoples1 gu>d$ its op]ations1 x 0 n ess5tially a ?+ to be conceal$1 or a%am$ (4 ,r ! contr>y4 ,= in/ance ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]1 ,hippolytus1 ,bi%op ( ,pontus 7,a4,d4 #bjj71 9 8 ,refutation ( all ,h]esies1 ,book ,v1 says t ! ,samo?racian ,my/]ies1 j m5tion$1 celebrate ,adam z ! primal or ar*etypal ,man et]nal 9 ! heav5s2 & he !n cont9ues3 ,habitually !re /& 9 ! temple ( ! ,samo?racians two images ( nak$ m5 hav+ bo? h&s /ret*$ al(t t[>ds heav51 & _! pud5da turn$ upw>ds1 z is also ! case ) ! /atue ( ,m]cury on ,mt4 ,cyll5e4 ,& ! a=esaid images are figures ( ! primal man1 & ( t spiritual "o t is born aga91 9 e respect ( ! same sub/ance ) t 7fir/7 man4 ,?is extract f ,hippolytus occurs 9 ! long disc\rse 9 :i* he 'exposes' ! h]esy ( ! s-call$ ,naass5e doctr9es & my/]ies4 ,b ! :ole disc\rse %\ld be read by ^? :o wi% to und]/& ! ,gno/ic philosophy ( ! p]iod contempor>y ) & ant]ior to ! bir? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,a translation ( ! disc\rse1 c>efully analyz$ & annotat$1 is giv5 9 ,g4 ,r4 ,s4 ,mead's ,?rice-greate/ ,h]mes 7#a7 7vol4 i72 & ,mead himself1 speak+ ( x1 says 7p4 #ada73 ,! claim ( ^! ,gno/ics 0 practically t ! good news ( ! ,*ri/ 7! ,*ri/os7 0 ! consummation ( ! inn] doctr9e ( ! ,my/]y-in/itutions ( all ! nations2 ! end ( !m all be+ ! revelation ( ! ,my/]y ( ,man4 ,fur!r1 he expla9s t ! ,s\l1 9 ^! doctr9es1 0 reg>d$ z synonym\s ) ! ,cause ( ,all2 & t its loves 7 twa9--( ,aphrodite 7or ,life71 & ( ,p]sephone 7or ,dea? & ! o!r _w74 ,also t ,attis1 ab&on+ 8 sex 9 ! wor%ip ( ! ,"m-,goddess 7,dea ,syria71 asc5ds to ,heav5--a new man1 ,male-female1 & ! orig9 ( all ?+s3 ! hidd5 ,my/]y be+ ! ,phallus itself1 erect$ z ,h]mes 9 all roads & b\nd>ies & temples1 ! ,conductor & ,reconductor ( ,s\ls4 7#a7 ,reitz5/e91 op4 cit41 quotes ! disc\rse l>gely4 ,! ,?rice-greate/ ,h]mes may also be consult$ = a translation ( ,plut>*'s ,isis & ,osiris4 ,all ?is may s\nd /range1 b "o may fairly say t x repres5t$ 9 its degree1 & 9 t fir/ 'unfall5' /age ( human ?\ght & psy*ology1 a true conception ( ! cosmic ,life1 & inde$ a conception q s5sible & admirable1 until1 ( c\rse1 ! ,second ,/age br\ght corruption4 ,no soon] 0 ?is great =ce ( ! cosmic life div]t$ f its true uses ( ,g5]ation & ,reg5]ation 7#a7 & appropriat$ by ! individual to 8 own private pleasure--no soon] 0 its religi\s "* z a tribal s]vice 7#b71 7(t5 r5d]$ )9 ! ,temple prec9cts7 lo/ sight ( or degrad$ into a comm]cial transaction--?an e k9d ( evil fell ^u mank9d4 ,corruptio optimi pessima4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ too t simultane\s ) ?is sexual disruption occurr$ ! disruption ( o!r human relations2 & we cease to be surpris$ t disease & selfi% passions1 gre$1 jeal\sy1 sl&]1 cruelty1 & :olesale murd]1 rag$--& h rag$ ev] s9ce4 7#a7 ,= ! special mean+ ( ^! two t]ms1 see ,! ,drama ( ,love & ,dea?1 by ,e4 ,c>p5t]1 pp4 #ei-fa4 7#b7 ,erne/ ,crawley 9 ,! ,my/ic ,rose *all5ges ?is id5tification ( ,religion ) tribal int]e/s2 yet 8 argum5ts are n v conv9c+4 ,on p4 #e he admits t !re is a religi\s mean+ inh]5t 9 ! primitive conception & practice ( ,,all human relations2 & a l>ge "p ( 8 *4 xii is tak5 up 9 %[+ t ev5 su* in/itutions z ! ,saturnalia 7 religi\s 9 confirm+ ! s5se ( social union & lead+ to 'ext5d$ id5tity4' ,b = ! human s\l--:atev] its fate1 & :atev] ! dang]s & disa/]s t ?reat5 x--!re is always r$emption wait+4 ,z we saw 9 ! la/ *apt]1 ?is corruption ( ,sex l$ 7q naturally7 to its d5ial & rejection2 & its d5ial l$ to ! diff]5tiation f x ( ,love4 ,humanity ga9$ by ! en?ronem5t & deification ( ,love1 pure & undefil$1 & 7= ! "t be+7 exalt$ beyond ?is mortal _w1 & free f all e>?ly contracts4 ,b aga9 9 ! end1 ! divorce ?us introduc$ betwe5 ! physical & ! spiritual l$ to ! crippl+ ( bo?4 ,love relegat$1 s to speak1 to heav5 z a purely philan?ropical1 pi\s & 'spiritual' affair1 became exce$+ly ,,dull2 & sex1 rema9+ on e>?1 b des]t$ by ! r$eem+ pres5ce1 fell into m]e c>nal curiosity & wret*$ness ( unclean liv+4 ,obvi\sly = ! human race !re rema9s no?+1 9 ! f9al ev5t1 b ! reconciliation ( ! physical & ! spiritual1 & aft] _m suff]+s1 ! reunion ( ,eros & ,psy*e4 ,!re is /ill1 h[ev]1 mu* to be said ab\t ! ,?ird ,/ate ( ,consci\sness4 ,let u exam9e into x a little m closely4 ,cle>ly1 s9ce x is a new /ate1 & n m]ely an ext5sion ( a =m] "o1 "o _c arrive at x by argum5t d]iv$ f ! ,second /ate1 = all consci\s ,?\ght su* z we habitually use simply keeps u ,,9 ! ,second /ate4 ,no animal or q primitive man c\ld possibly und]/& :at we mean by ,self-consci\sness till he _h exp]i5c$ x4 ,m]e argum5t w\ld n enlight5 him4 ,& s no "o 9 ! ,second /ate c q realize ! ,?ird /ate till he has exp]i5c$ x4 ,/ill1 explanations may help u to p]ceive 9 :at direction to look1 & to recognize 9 "s ( our exp]i5ces an approa* to ! condition s\ght4 ,evid5tly x is a m5tal condition 9 "s respects m simil> to ! fir/ ?an to ! second /age4 ,! second /age ( human psy*ologic evolution is an ab]ration1 a divorce1 a p>5!sis4 ,) its culm9ation & dismissal ! m9d passes back into ! simple /ate ( union ) ! ,:ole4 7,! /ate ( ,ekagrata 9 ! ,h9du philosophy3 "o-po9t$ness1 s+l5ess ( m9d47 ,& ! consci\sness ( ! ,:ole1 & ( ?+s pa/ & ?+s to come & ?+s f> ar\nd--:i* consci\sness _h be5 %ut out by ! conc5tration on ! local self--beg9s to return aga94 ,?is is n to say1 ( c\rse1 t ! excursus 9 ! second /age has be5 a loss & a defect4 ,on ! contr>y1 x means t ! ,return is a br++ ( all t has be5 ga9$ dur+ ! p]iod ( exile 7all sorts ( m5tal & te*nical k & skill1 emotional developm5ts1 f9esse & adaptability ( m9d7 ,,back into h>mony ) ! ,:ole4 ,x means ultimately a great ga94 ,! ,man1 p]fect$1 comes back to a va/ly ext5d$ h>mony4 ,he ent]s aga9 into a real und]/&+ & confid5tial relation%ip ) 8 physical body & ) ! body ( ! society 9 :i* he dwells--f bo? ( :i* he has be5 sadly divorc$2 & he takes up aga9 ! brok5 ?read ( ! ,cosmic ,life4 ,ev]yone has notic$ ! extraord9>y cons5t sometimes obs]vable among ! memb]s ( an animal community--h[ a flock ( #ejj birds 7e4 g4 />l+s7 w sudd5ly *ange its direction ( flight--! light on ! w+s %ift+ ,,in/antane\sly1 z if ! impulse to ve] came to all at ! same id5tical mom5t2 or h[ bees w sw>m or o!rwise act ) "o accord1 or migrat+ creatures 7lemm+s1 de]1 gossam] spid]s1 w+$ ants7 ! same4 ,:atev] explanation ( ^! facts we favor--:e!r ! possession ( swift] & f9] means ( ext]nal communication ?an we c p]ceive1 or :e!r a common & inn] s5sitivity to ! g5ius ( ! ,tribe 7! ,_s ( ! ,hive7 or to ! prompt+s ( great ,nature ar\nd--9 any case ^! facts ( animal life appe> to ?r[ light on ! possibilities ( an accord & cons5t among ! memb]s ( emaciat$ humanity1 su* z we dream ( n[1 & seem to bid u h good hope = ! future4 ,x is "h1 p]haps1 t ! anci5t wor%ip ( ! ,l+am comes 94 ,! ^w itself is app>5tly connect$ ) our ^w 'l9k1' & has orig9ally ! same mean+4 7#a7 ,x is ! l9k betwe5 ! g5]ations4 ,beg9n+ ) ! wor%ip ( ! physical ,race-life1 ! c\rse ( psy*ologic evolution has be5 fir/ to ! wor%ip ( ! ,tribe 7or ( ! ,totem :i* repres5ts ! tribe72 !n to ! wor%ip ( ! human-=m$ ,god ( ! tribe--! ,god :o dies & rises aga9 et]nally1 z ! tribe passes on et]nal--?\gh its memb]s p]petually p]i%2 !n to ! conception ( an undy+ ,savior1 & ! realization & di/9ct exp]i5ce ( "s k9d ( ,sup]-consci\sness :i* does c]ta9ly reside1 m or less hidd51 9 ! deeps ( ! m9d1 & has be5 wait+ ?r\gh ! ages = its disclosure & recognition4 ,!n aga9 to ! recognition t 9 ! sacrifices1 ! ,slay] & ! ,sla9 are "o--! /range & pr(\ndly my/ic p]ception t ! ,god & ! ,victim are 9 ess5ce ! same--! d$ication ( ',himself to ,himself' 7#b7 & simultane\sly ) ?is ! int]pretation ( ! ,eu*>i/ z mean+1 ev5 = ! individual1 ! p>ticipation 9 ,et]nal ,life--! cont9u+ life ( ! ,tribe1 or ultimately ( ,humanity4 7#c7 ,! ,tribal ord] rises to ,humanity2 love asc5ds f ! l+am to yogam1 f physical union alone to ! union ) ! ,:ole--:i* ( c\rse includes physical & all o!r k9ds ( union4 ,no wond] t ! good ,/4 ,paul1 witness+ t extraord9>y :irlpool ( beliefs & practices1 new & old1 !re 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,a4,d4--! unaba%$ adoration ( sex side by side ) ! transc5d5tal devotions ( ! ,v$ic sages & ! ,gno/ics--became some:at confus$ himself & ev5 a little viol5t1 scold+ 8 disciples 7,i ,cor4 x4 #ba7 = _! undiscrim9at+ acceptance1 z x seem$ to him1 ( ?+s utt]ly ali5 & antagoni/ic4 ,ye _c dr9k ! cup ( ! ,"l & ! cup ( devils3 ye _c be p>tak]s ( ! ,"l's table & ! table ( devils4 7#a7 ,see ,sanskrit ,diction>y4 7#b7 ,see ,*4 ,,viii4 7#c7 ,!re are _m indications 9 lit]ature--9 prophetic or poetic =m--( ?is aw>5ess & di/9ct conviction ( an et]nal life1 rea*$ ?r\gh love & an inn] s5se ( union ) o!rs & ) humanity at l>ge2 indications :i* be> ! m>k ( absolute g5u95ess & s9c]ity ( feel+4 ,see1 = in/ance1 ,:itman's poem1 ,to ! ,g>d5 ! ,_w 7,leaves ( ,grass1 complete edition1 p4 #gi74 ,b an et]nal life ( ! ?ird ord]2 n1 ?ank heav56 an et]nity ( ! m$dl+ & muddl+ self-consci\s ,intellect6 ,e c>eful read] has notic$ ! confus$ness ( ,paul's m9d & argum5ts4 ,ev5 tak+ only ^? ,epi/les 7,galatians1 ,romans & ,cor9?ians7 :i* ! critics assign to 8 p51 ! ?+ is obs]vable--& "s le>n$ ,g]mans ev5 speak ( ,,two ,pauls4 7#a7 ,b also ! ?+ is q natural4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ,paul ( ,t>sus1 a ,jew br\ght up 9 ! /ricte/ sect ( ! ,ph>isees1 did at "s "t fall deeply "u ! influ5ce ( ,greek ?\ght1 & q possibly became an initiate 9 ! ,my/]ies4 ,x w\ld be difficult o!rwise to acc\nt = 8 con/ant use ( ! ,my/]y-language4 ,reitz5/e9 says 7p4 #ei73 ,! hell5i/ic religi\s lit]ature ,,mu/ h be5 read by him2 he uses its t]ms1 & is saturat$ ) its ?\ghts 7see ,rom4 vi4 #a-ad4 ,& ?is conjo9$ ) 8 ,jewi% exp]i5ce gave him creative p[]4 ,a great deal 9 8 s5tim5t & ?\ght may h ,,rema9$ ,jewi%1 b to 8 ,hell5ism he 0 indebt$ = 8 love ( fre$om & 8 firm belief 9 8 apo/le%ip4 ,he adopts t]ms 7l gr s>kikos1 gr yucikos & gr pneumatikos7 7#b7 :i* 7 9 use among ! hell5i/ic sects ( ! "t2 & he writes1 z 9 ,romans vi4 #d1 #e1 ab\t be+ buri$ ) ,*ri/ or plant$ 9 ! lik5ess ( 8 dea?1 9 words :i* might well h be5 us$ 7) *ange ( ! "n7 by a foll[] ( ,attis or ,osiris aft] witness+ ! correspond+ 'my/]ies'2 c]ta9ly ! allusion to ^! anci5t deities w\ld h be5 und]/ood by e religioni/ ( t day4 ,^! few po9ts are suffici5t to ac5tuatesic ! two elem5ts 9 ,paul1 ! ,jewi% & ! ,greek1 & to expla9 7s f>7 ! seem+ confusion 9 8 utt]ances4 ,fur!r x is int]e/+ to note--z %[+ ! pagan influ5ces 9 ! ,n4 ,t4 writ+s--! degree to :i* ! ,epi/le to ,philemon 7ascrib$ to ,paul7 is ,,full--%ort z x is--( expressions l ,,prison] ( ! ,"l1 ,,fell[ ,,soldi]1 ,,captive or ,,bondman1 7#c7 :i* 7 s common at ! "t z to be almo/ a cant 9 ,mi?raism & ! alli$ cults4 ,9 ,i ,pet] ii4 #b 7#d71 we h ! v]se ,z newborn babes1 desire ye ! s9c]e ,,milk ( ! ^w1 t ye may gr[ !reby4 ,& aga9 we may say t no "o 9 t day c\ld mi/ake ! ref]5ce h]e9 conta9$ to old initiation c]emonies & ! new bir? 7z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,viii above71 = inde$ milk 0 ! well-kn[n diet ( ! novice 9 ! ,isis my/]ies1 z well z 79 "s savage tribes7 ( ! ,m$ic9e-man :5 practis+ 8 call+4 7#a7 ,die ,my/]i5-ans*auung51 die bei ,paulus im ,h9t]grunde /eh51 drang5 si* 9 dem sog5>mt5 ,deut]opaul9ismus ma*tig vor 7,reitz5/e974 7#b7 ,rem9dful ( our ,?ree ,/ages3 ! ,animal1 ! ,self-consci\s1 & ! ,cosmic4 7#c7 gr desmios1 /ratiw?s1 d\los4 7#d7 ,see also ,i ,cor4 iii4 #b4 ,& "h too ,democracy comes 9--/rangely =ebod$ f ! fir/ 9 all ?is matt]4 7#a7 ,n only does ! ,?ird ,/age br+ illum9ation1 intuitive und]/&+ ( processes 9 ,nature & ,humanity1 sympa?y ) ! animals1 arti/ic capacity1 & s =?1 b x necess>ily br+s a new ,ord] ( ,society4 ,a prepo/]\s--"o may almo/ say a hide\s--social ,age is surely draw+ to its end1 ,! debacle we are witness+ to-day all ov] ,europe 7includ+ ! ,briti% ,isl&s71 ! break-up ( old in/itutions1 ! g5]ally mat]iali/ic outlook on life1 ! com+ to ! surface ( huge masses ( diseas$ & fatu\s populations1 ! scum & dregs creat$ by ! pa/ ord]1 all po9t to ! ,end ( a ,disp5sation4 ,prote/antism & ,comm]cialism1 9 ! two fields ( religion & daily life h1 z ,i h indicat$ be=e1 be5 occupi$ 9 conc5trat+ ! m9d ( ea* man solely on 8 ,,own welf>e1 ! salvation ( 8 ,,own s\l or body4 ,^! two =ces h !re=e be5 disruptive to ! la/ degree2 !y m>k ! culm9ation ( ! ,self-consci\s ,age--a culm9ation 9 ,w>1 ,gre$1 ,mat]ialism1 & ! g5]al pr9ciple ( ,devil-take-!-h9dmo/--& ! cle>+ ( ! gr\nd = ! new ord] :i* is to come4 ,s !re is hope = ! human race4 ,its evolution is n all a m]e =mless craze & jumble4 ,!re is an inn] necessity by :i* ,humanity unfolds f "o degree or plane ( consci\sness to ano!r4 ,& if !re has be5 a great ',fall' or ,lapse into conflict & disease & 's9' & mis]y1 occupy+ ! major "p ( ! ,hi/orical p]iod hi!rto1 we see t ?is p]iod is only brief1 s to speak1 9 comp>ison ) ! :ole curve ( gr[? & expansion4 ,we see also t1 z ,i h said be=e1 ! belief 9 a /ate ( salvation or deliv]ance has 9 ! pa/ ages nev] left itself q )\t a witness 9 ! cre$s & rituals & poems & prophecies ( mank9d4 ,art1 9 "s =m or o!r1 z an activity or inspiration dat+ n f ! consci\s ,intellect1 b f deep] regions ( sub-consci\s feel+ & intuition1 has cont9ually come to u z a message f & an evid5ce ( ! ,?ird /age or /ate1 & z a promise ( its m complete realization "u o!r conditions4 ,?r\gh ! long night-"t :]e ! ,nations w&] ,f ,ed5 pa/ to ,p>adise to be1 ,art's sacr$ fl[]s1 l fair />s %9+ yond]1 ,alone illum9e ,life's obscurity4 ,o graci\s ,arti/s1 out ( y\r deep he>ts ',tis "s great ,sun1 ,i d\bt1 by m5 unguess$1 ,^: rays come /ruggl+ ?us1 9 sl5d] d>ts1 ,to %ad[ :at ,is1 till ,"t %all manife/4 7#a7 ,see ! g]ms ( ,democracy 9 ! yoga tea*+ ( ! ,h9dus1 & 9 ! ,upani%ads1 ! ,bhagavat ,gita1 & o!r books4 ,) ! ,cosmic /age comes also necess>ily ! rehabilitation ( ! ,,:ole ( ,society 9 "o fell[%ip 7! true ,democracy74 ,n ! rule or dom9ation ( "o class or ca/e--z ( ! ,intellectual1 ! ,pi\s1 ! ,comm]cial or ! ,milit>y--b ! fusion or at lea/ cons5tane\s organization ( ,,all 7z 9 ! correspond+ functions ( ! human ,body74 ,class rule has be5 ! m>k ( t second p]iod ( human evolution1 & has inevitably giv5 bir? dur+ t p]iod to w>s & self-agr&izem5ts ( classes & sections1 & _! consequ5t gre$s & tyrannies ov] o!r classes & sections4 ,x is n f\nd 9 ! primitive human tribes & societies1 & w n be f\nd 9 ! f9al =ms ( human association4 ,! lib]at$ & emancipat$ ,man passes uncon/ra9$ & uncon/ra9+ ?r\gh all grades & planes ( human fell[%ip1 equal & undi/urb$1 & nev] leav+ 8 true home & abid+ place 9 ! he>t ( all4 ,equally necess>ily ) ! rehabilitation ( ,society z an entirety w foll[ ! rehabilitation ( ! entire physical body ,,9 ea* memb] ( ,society4 ,we h spok5 already ( ,nak$ness3 its mean+ & likely ext5t ( adoption 7,*4 ,,xii74 ,! idea t ! head & ! h&s are ! only seemly & pres5table memb]s ( ! organism1 & t ! o!r memb]s are unwor?y & indec5t1 is obvi\sly z onesid$ & lopsid$ z t :i* honors c]ta9 classes 9 ! commonweal? & despises o!rs4 ,:y %\ld ! head brag ( its asc5dancy & dom9ation1 & ! he>t be smo!r$ up & hidd58 ,x w only be a life f> m 9 ! op5 air ?an t :i* we lead at pres5t1 :i* w re/ore ! balance & ultimately br+ u back to sanity & heal?4 ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,exodus ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,we h dealt ) ! ,g5esis ( ,*ri/ianity2 we n[ come to ! ,exodus4 ,= t ,*ri/ianity c ,,cont9ue to hold ! field ( ,religion 9 ! ,we/]n ,_w is nei!r probable nor desirable4 ,x is true1 z ,i h rem>k$ already1 t !re is a c]ta9 tr\ble ab\t def9+ :at we mean by ,*ri/ianity simil> to t ab\t ! ^w ,civilization4 ,if we select out ( ! great mass ( doctr9es & rites favor$ by ! v>i\s ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es j ^? :i* comm5d !mselves to ! mo/ mod]n & humane & rational human m9d & *oose to call t result+ 7b r small7 body ( belief & practice ',*ri/ianity' we are1 ( c\rse1 entitl$ to d s1 & to hope 7z we d hope7 t ?is residuum w survive & g =w>d into ! future4 ,b ?is sort ( proce$+ is h>dly fair & c]ta9ly n logical4 ,x enables ,*ri/ianity to pose z an angel ( light :ile at ! same "t keep+ discreetly out ( sight all its own abom9ations & de$s ( d>kness4 ,! ,*ur*--:i* began its c>e] by de/roy+1 di/ort+ & d5y+ ! pagan s\rces f :i* x sprang2 ^: bi%ops & o!r ecclesia/ics assass9at$ ea* o!r 9 _! !ological ranc\r ( wild bea/s1 :i* enc\rag$ ! wick$ folly ( ! ,crusades--especially ! ,*ildr5's ,crusades--& ! %ameful murd]s ( ! ,mani*eans1 ! ,albig5ses1 & ! ,hugu5ots2 :i* burn$ at ! /ake ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( poor 'wit*es' & 'h]etics'2 :i* has h>dly ev] spok5 a g5]\s ^w 9 favor or def5ce ( ! animals2 :i* 9 mod]n times has support$ vivisection z aga9/ ! latt]1 ,capitalism & ,comm]cialism z aga9/ ! poor] classes ( mank9d2 & ^: prie/s 9 ! =ms ( its v>i\s sects1 ,greek or ,ca?olic1 ,lu!ran or ,prote/ant1 h 9 ^! la/ days ru%$ =? to urge ! nations to slaught] ea* o!r ) e diabolical device ( ,sci5ce1 & to glorify ! w>-cry ( ,patriotism 9 defiance ( ! pr9ciple ( univ]sal ,bro!rhood--su* a ,*ur* c h>dly claim to h e/abli%$ ! angelic "* ( its mission among mank9d6 ,& if x be said--z x (t5 ,,is ,,said3 ,oh6 b y mu/ g back to ! g5u9e article1 & ! ,*ur*'s real orig9 & "o f\ndation 9 ! p]son & tea*+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 !n inde$ y come back to ! po9t :i* ?is book1 z above1 en=ces3 namely1 t z to ! p]son ( ,jesus1 !re is no ,,c]ta9ty at all t he ev] exi/$2 & z to ! tea*+ cr$it$ to him1 x is c]ta9 t t comes d[n f a p]iod long ant]ior to ',*ri/ianity' & is "p ( :at may ju/ly be call$ a v anci5t ,_w-religion4 ,s1 z 9 ! case ( ',civilization1' we are compell$ to see t x is useless to apply ! ^w to "s ideal /ate ( affairs or doctr9e 7an ideal by no means ! same 9 all p's m9ds1 or 9 all localities & times71 b t ! only reasonable ?+ to d is to apply x 9 ea* case to a ,,hi/orical ,,p]iod4 ,9 ! case ( ,*ri/ianity ! hi/orical p]iod has la/$ ne>ly #b1jjj ye>s1 &1 z ,i say1 we c h>dly expect or wi% t x %\ld la/ mu* long]4 ,! v ?or\gh & c>eful inve/igation ( religi\s orig9s :i* has be5 made dur+ late ye>s by a great numb] ( /ud5ts & obs]v]s und\bt$ly t5ds to %[ t !re has be5 some?+ l a great ,_w-religion com+ d[n ! c5turies f ! remote/ times & gradually exp&+ & bran*+ z x has come--t is to say t ! simil>ity 79 ,,ess5ce ?\gh n always 9 ext]nal detail7 betwe5 ! cre$s & rituals ( widely sund]$ tribes & peoples is s great z to ju/ify ! view--advanc$ 9 ! pres5t volume--t ^! cre$s & rituals are ! necess>y outgr[?s ( human psy*ology1 sl[ly evolv+1 & t consequ5tly !y h a common orig9 & 9 _! v>i\s =ms a common expression4 ,( ?is great ,_w-religion1 s com+ d[n1 ,*ri/ianity is und\bt$ly a bran*1 & an important bran*4 ,b !re h be5 important bran*es be=e2 & :ile x may be true t ,*ri/ianity emphasizes "s po9ts :i* may h be5 ov]look$ or neglect$ 9 ! ,v$ic tea*+s or 9 ,buddhism1 or 9 ! ,p]sian & ,egyptian & ,syrian cults1 or 9 ,mahomm$anism1 & s =?1 x is also equally true t ,*ri/ianity has itself ov]look$ or neglect$ valuable po9ts 9 ^! religions4 ,x has1 9 fact1 ! defects ( its qualities4 ,if ! ,_w-religion is l a great tree1 "o _c expect or desire t all its bran*es %\ld be direct$ t[>ds ! same po9t ( ! compass4 ,re9a*1 ^: /udies ( religi\s orig9s are always int]e/+ & *>act]iz$ by a c]ta9 ,gallic grace & nettete1 ?\gh ) a some:at ,jewi% non-p]ception ( ! my/ic elem5t 9 life1 def9es ,religion z a comb9ation ( animism & scruples4 ,?is is good 9 a way1 because x gives ! two aspects ( ! subject3 ! inn]1 animism1 consi/+ ( ! s5se ( contact ) m or less intellig5t be+s mov+ 9 ,nature2 & ! out]1 consi/+ 9 scruples or taboos4 ,! "o aspect %[s ! feel+ :i* ,,inspires religion1 ! o!r1 ! *ecks & limitations :i* ,,def9e x & give bir? to ritual4 ,b l mo/ an?ropologi/s he 7,re9a*7 is a little ,,too patroniz+ t[>ds ! poor ,indian ) untutor$ m9d4 ,he is sorry = p s fooli% z to be animi/ic 9 _! outlook1 & he is always c>eful to po9t out t ! scruples & taboos 7 q s5seless 9 _! orig91 ?\gh occasionally 7by accid5t7 !y turn$ out useful4 ,yet--z ,i h said be=e--,animism is a p]fectly s5sible1 logical & ,,necess>y attitude ( ! human m9d4 ,x is a necess>y attribute ( man's psy*ical nature1 by :i* he projects into ! great ,_w ar\nd him ! image ( 8 own m9d4 ,:5 t m9d is 9 a v primitive1 in*oate1 & fragm5t>y condition1 ! images s project$ are ^? ( fragm5t>y intellig5ces 7'spirits1' gnomes1 etc4--! age ( magic72 :5 ! m9d rises to di/9ct consci\sness ( itself ! reflections ( x are an?ropomorphic 'gods'2 :5 f9ally x rea*es ! univ]sal or cosmic /ate x p]ceives ! pres5ce ( a univ]sal ,be+ beh9d all ph5om5a--:i* ,be+ is inde$ itself--,himself to ,himself4 ,if y l y may call ! :ole process by ! "n ( ,animism4 ,x is p]fectly s5sible ?r\gh\t4 ,! only proviso is t y %\ld also be s5sible1 & di/+ui% ! diff]5t /ages 9 ! process4 ,jane ,h>rison makes consid]able ef=ts to %[ t ,religion is prim>ily a reflection ( ! ,,social ,consci5ce 7see ,!mis1 pp4 #dhb-ib7--t is1 t ! s5se 9 ,man ( a ,p[] t makes = righte\sness outside 7& also inside7 him is d]iv$ f 8 feel+ ( cont9uity ) ! ,tribe & 8 in/9ctive ob$i5ce to its behe/s1 confirm$ by ages ( collective habit & exp]i5ce4 ,he _c 9 fact sev] ! navel-/r+ :i* connects him ) 8 tribal ,"m1 ev5 ?\gh he desires to d s4 ,& no d\bt ?is view ( ! orig9 ( ,religion is p]fectly correct4 ,b x mu/ be po9t$ out t x does n by any means exclude ! view t religion d]ives also f an ,animism by :i* man recognizes 9 g5]al ,nature 8 fo/]-"m & feels himself 9 close/ t\* ) ,,h]4 ,:i* may h come fir/1 ! ,social affiliation or ! ,nature affiliation1 ,i leave to ! pr(essors to det]m9e4 ,! t]m ,animism may1 z f> z ,i c see1 be q well appli$ to ! social affiliation1 = ! latt] is evid5tly only a case 9 :i* ! individual projects 8 own degree ( consci\sness into ! human gr\p ar\nd him in/ead ( into ! animals or ! trees1 b x is a case ( :i* ! ju/ice is s obvi\s t ! mod]n man c intellectually seize & und]/& x1 & consequ5tly he does n t> x ) ! 'animi/ic' bru%4 ,& ,miss ,h>rison1 x mu/ be notic$1 does1 9 o!r passages ( ! same book 7see ,!mis1 pp4 #fh1 #fi71 admit t ,religion has its orig9 n only f unity ) ! ,tribe b f ! s5se ( affiliation to ,nature--! s5se ( a _w ( unse5 p[] ly+ beh9d ! visible univ]se1 a _w :i* is ! sph]e1 z w be se51 ( magical activity & ! m$ium ( my/icism4 ,! my/ical elem5t1 ! on5ess & cont9u\sness comes out v cle>ly 9 ! notion ( ,wakonda among ! ,si\x ,indians4444 ,! ,omahas reg>d$ all animate & inanimate =ms1 all ph5om5a1 z p]vad$ by a common life1 :i* 0 cont9u\s & simil> to ! w-p[] !y 7 consci\s ( 9 !mselves4 ,?is my/]i\s p[] 9 all ?+s !y call$ ,wakonda1 & ?r\gh x all ?+s 7 relat$ to man1 & to ea* o!r4 ,9 ! idea ( ! cont9uity ( life1 a relation 0 ma9ta9$ betwe5 ! se5 & ! unse51 ! dead & ! liv+1 & also betwe5 ! fragm5t ( any?+ & its entirety4 ,?us our g5]al position is confirm$1 t ,religion 9 its orig9 has be5 ,,inspir$ by a deep in/9ctive conviction or actual s5se ( cont9uity ) a be+ or be+s 9 ! _w ar\nd1 :ile x has d]iv$ its ,,=m & ritual by sl[ degrees f a va/ numb] ( taboos1 g5]at$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance *iefly by sup]/iti\s fe>s1 b gradually ) ! gr[? ( reason & obs]vation becom+ simplifi$ & rationaliz$ into =ms ( use4 ,on ! "o side !re has be5 ! positive impulse--( m]e animal ,desire & ! animal urge ( self-expression2 on ! o!r !re has be5 ! negative =ce ( ,fe> bas$ on ignorance--! latt] cont9ually c>v+1 m\ld+ & %ap+ ! =m]4 ,accord+ to ?is an organiz$ /udy & classification ( taboos might yield "s int]e/+ results2 because inde$ x w\ld ?r[ light on ! e>lie/ =ms ( bo? religion & sci5ce4 ,x w\ld be se5 t "s taboos1 l ^? ( ,,contact 7say ) a m5/ru\s woman1 or a "m-9-law1 or a lightn+-/ruck tree7 _h an obvi\s basis ( obs]vation1 ju/ifiable b v crude2 :ile o!rs1 l ! taboo aga9/ h>m+ an enemy :o _h contract$ blood-fri5d%ip ) "o ( y\r own tribe1 or aga9/ giv+ dec5t burial to a murd]]1 7 equally r\gh & rude expressions or indications ( ! gr[+ moral s5tim5t ( mank9d4 ,all ! same !re w\ld be left1 9 any case1 a l>ge residuum ( taboos :i* c\ld only be judg$ z s5seless1 & ! m]e rubbi% ( ! savage m9d4 ,s mu* = ! fir/ orig9s ( ! ,_w-religion2 & ,i ?9k en\gh has be5 said 9 ! v>i\s *apt]s ( ?is book to %[ t ! same g5]al process has obta9$ ?r\gh\t4 ,man1 l ! animals1 began ) ?is deep1 subconsci\s s5se ( unity ) surr\nd+ ,nature4 ,:5 ?is became 79 ,man7 fairly consci\s1 x l$ to ,magic & ,totemism4 ,m consci\s1 & x bran*$1 on ! "o h&1 into figures ( ,gods & def9ite =ms ( ,cre$s1 on ! o!r into elaborate ,sci5tific ,!ories--! latt] bas$ on a /rong ,,intellectual belief 9 ,unity1 b f]v5tly d5y+ any 'an?ropomorphic' or 'animi/ic' ,,s5se ( t unity4 ,f9ally1 x seems t we are n[ on ! edge ( a fur!r /age :5 ! !ories & ! cre$s1 sci5tific & religi\s1 are on ! v]ge ( collaps+1 b 9 su* a way z to leave ! s5se & ! p]ception ( ,unity--! real cont5t ( ! :ole process--n only unde/roy$1 b imm5sely height5$ & illum9at$4 ,mean:ile ! taboos--( :i* !re rema9 "s /ill1 bo? religi\s & sci5tific--h be5 gradually break+ up & m]g+ !mselves into a reasonable & humane ord] ( life & philosophy4 ,i h said t out ( ?is ,_w-religion ,*ri/ianity really sprang4 ,x is evid5t t ! "t has arriv$ :5 x mu/ ei!r ackn[l$ge its s\rce & frankly endeavor to affiliate itself to ! same1 or fail+ t mu/ p]i%4 ,9 ! fir/ case x w probably h to *ange its "n2 9 ! second ! "q ( its "n 'w int]e/ x no m4' ,) reg>d to ! fir/ ( ^! alt]natives1 ,i might v5ture--?\gh ) indiff]5ce--to make a few sugge/ions4 ,:y %\ld we n h--in/ead ( a ,holy ,roman ,*ur*--a ,holy ,,human ,*ur*1 rehabilitat+ ! anci5t symbols & rituals1 a ,*ri/ianity 7if y /ill desire to call x s7 frankly & gladly ackn[l$g+ its own s\rces8 ,?is seems a reasonable & ev5 feasible proposition4 ,if su* a *ur* wi%$ to celebrate a ,mass or ,communion or ,eu*>i/ x w\ld h a great v>iety ( rites & cu/oms ( t k9d to select f2 ^? t 7 n appropriate = use 9 our times or 7 connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( /range gods ne$ n be reject$ or condemn$1 b c\ld /ill be comm5t$ on & expla9$ z approa*es to ! same idea--! idea ( d$ication to ! ,common ,life1 & ( re9vigoration 9 ! p>tak+ ( x4 ,if ! ,*ur* wi%$ to celebrate ! ,crucifixion or betrayal ( its ,f\nd]1 a hundr$ in/ances ( su* celebrations w\ld be to h&1 & /ill ! ?\ght t has und]la9 su* celebrations s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w c\ld easily be dis5tangl$ & pres5t$ 9 concrete =m anew4 ,9 ! light ( su* tea*+ expressions l ,i "k t my ,r$eem] live? w\ld be trac$ to _! orig91 & m5 w\ld und]/& t not)/&+ ! mass ( rubbi%1 cant & humbug :i* has collect$ r\nd !m !y really d mean some?+ & repres5t ! age-long in/9ct ( ,humanity feel+ its way t[>ds a m ext5d$ revelation1 a new ord] ( be+1 a ?ird /age ( consci\sness & illum9ation4 ,9 su* a ,*ur* or religi\s organization ,,e quality ( human nature w\ld h to be repres5t$1 e practice & cu/om all[$ = & its place accord$--! magical & a/ronomical mean+s1 ! rites connect$ ) sun-wor%ip1 or ) sex1 or ) ! wor%ip ( animals2 ! consecration ( corn & w9e & o!r products ( ! gr\nd1 initiations1 sacrifices1 & s =?--all 7if inde$ x claim$ to be a ,_w-religion7 w\ld h to be repres5t$ & recogniz$4 ,= !y all h _! long human orig9 & desc5t 9 & ?r\gh ! pagan cre$s1 & !y all h p5etrat$ into & become embodi$ to "s degree 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,*ri/ianity !re=e1 z ,i say1 mu/ ei!r n[ come frankly =w>d &1 ackn[l$g+ its p>5tage f ! great ,ord] ( ! pa/1 seek to rehabilitate ,,t & c>ry mank9d "o /ep =w>d 9 ! pa? ( evolution--or else x mu/ p]i%4 ,!re is no o!r alt]native4 7#a7 7#a7 ,comte 9 f\nd+ 8 philosophy ( ,positivism seems to h _h 9 view "s su* ,holy ,human ,*ur*1 b he succe$$ 9 mak+ x all s pr(\ndly dull t x nev] fl\ri%$1 ,! se$ ( ,life 0 n 9 x4 ,let me give an in/ance ( h[ a fragm5t ( anci5t ritual :i* has surviv$ f ! f> ,pa/ & is /ill celebrat$1 b ) little intellig5ce or und]/&+1 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( to-day1 might be adopt$ 9 su* a ,*ur* z ,i h spok5 (1 int]pret$1 & made eloqu5t ( mean+ to mod]n humanity4 ,:5 ,i 0 9 ,ceylon ne>ly #cj ye>s ago ,i 0 =tunate en\gh to witness a night-fe/ival 9 a ,h9du ,temple--! great fe/ival ( ,taipusam1 :i* takes place e ye> 9 ,janu>y4 ,( c\rse1 x 0 full moon1 & great 0 ! bl[+ up ( trumpets 9 ! huge c\rty>d ( ! ,temple4 ,! moon %one d[n above f among ! fronds ( tall coco-palms1 on a d5se cr[d ( native wor%ip]s--m5 & a few wom5--! m5 = ! mo/ "p clad 9 little m ?an a lo9-clo?1 ! wom5 picturesque 9 _! color$ s>is & jewell$ e> & nose r+s4 ,! images ( ,siva & two o!r gods 7 c>ri$ 9 procession r\nd & r\nd ! temple--?ree or f\r times2 naut* girls danc$ be=e ! images1 musicians1 bl[+ horns & huge %ells1 or pip+ on flageolets or beat+ tom-toms1 accompani$ !m4 ,! cr[d c>ry+ tor*es or high crates ) flam+ coco-nuts1 walk$ or r danc$ along on ea* side1 elat$ & excit$ ) ! s5se ( ! pres5t div9ity1 yet pleasantly free f any abject awe4 ,! :ole ?+ inde$ rem9d$ "o ( "s bas-relief ( a ,bac*analian procession c>v$ on a ,greek s>cophagus--& especially s 9 its hil>ity & sugge/ion ( fri5dly intimacy ) ! god4 ,!re 7 s++ ( hymns & ! float+ ( ! *ief actors on a raft r\nd a sacr$ lake4 ,& !n came ! f9al ,act4 ,siva1 or 8 image1 v weighty & borne on ! %\ld]s ( /rong m51 0 c>ri$ into ! fir/ *amb] or hall ( ! ,temple & plac$ on an alt> ) a curta9 hang+ 9 front4 ,! cr[d foll[$ ) a ru%2 & !n !re 0 m music1 recital ( hymns1 & read+ f sacr$ books4 ,f :]e we /ood we c\ld see ! rite :i* 0 p]=m$ beh9d ! curta94 ,two five-bran*$ c&le/icks 7 light$2 & ! mann] ( _! light+ 0 z foll[s4 ,ea* bran* end$ 9 a little cup1 & 9 ! cups five pieces ( camphor 7 plac$1 all approximately equal 9 size4 ,aft] (f]+s _h be5 made1 ( fruit1 fl[]s & s&alwood1 ! five camphors 9 ea* c&le/ick 7 light$4 ,z ! camphor flames burn$ out ! music became m wild & excit+1 & !n at ! mom5t ( _! ext9ction ! curta9s 7 drawn aside & ! congregation outside sudd5ly beheld ! god reveal$ & 9 a blaze ( light4 ,?is burn+ ( camphor 01 l o!r ?+s 9 ! s]vice1 emblematic4 ,! five lights repres5t ! five s5ses4 ,j z camphor consumes itself & leaves no residue beh9d1 s %\ld ! five s5ses1 be+ (f]$ to ! god1 consume !mselves & disappe>4 ,:5 ?is is done1 t happ5s 9 ! s\l :i* 0 n[ figur$ 9 ! ritual--! ,god is reveal$ 9 ! inn] light4 7#a7 7#a7 ,= a m detail$ acc\nt ( ?is ,temple-fe/ival1 see ,adam's ,peak to ,elephanta by ,e4 ,c>p5t]1 *4 vii4 ,we are famili> ) ?is p>t+ or r5d+ ( ! veil4 ,we he> ( x 9 ! ,jewi% ,temple1 & 9 ! ,greek & ,egyptian ,my/]ies4 ,x _h a my/ically religi\s1 & also obvi\sly sexual1 signification4 ,x occurs "h & !re 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ritual4 ,9 ,spa91 "s anci5t ,ca?olic c]emonials are kept up ) a brilliance & spl5dor h>dly f\nd else:]e 9 ,europe4 ,9 ! ,ca!dral1 at ,seville ! s]vice ( ! ,passion1 c>ri$ out on ,good ,friday ) great solemnity & accompani$ ) f9e music1 culm9ates on ! ,saturday morn+--i4e4 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! ,crucifixion & ! ,resurrection--9 a spectacle simil> to t describ$ 9 ,ceylon4 ,a ri* velvet-black curta9 hangs be=e ! ,high ,alt>4 ,at ! appropriate mom5t & z ! v emotional /ra9s ( voices & in/rum5ts rea* _! climax 9 ! ,gloria 9 ,excelsis1 ! curta9 ) a sudd5 bur/ ( s\nd 7?und] & ! r++ ( all ! bells7 is r5t asund]1 & ! crucifi$ ,jesus is se5 hang+ !re reveal$ 9 a halo ( glory4 ,!re is also held at ,seville ,ca!dral & be=e ! ,high ,alt> e ye>1 ! v curi\s ,dance ( ! ,seises 7sixes71 p]=m$ n[ by #af in/ead ( 7z ( old7 by #ab boys1 qua9tly dress$4 ,x seems to be a survival ( "s v anci5t ritual1 probably a/ronomical1 9 :i* ! two sets ( six repres5t ! signs ( ! ,zodiac1 & is celebrat$ dur+ ! fe/ivals ( ,corpus ,*ri/i1 ! ,immaculate ,conception1 & ! ,c>nival4 ,num]\s in/ances might ( c\rse be adduc$ ( h[ a ,*ur* aspir+ to be a real ,*ur* ( ,humanity might adopt & re-create ! rituals ( ! pa/ 9 ! light ( a mod]n inspiration4 ,inde$ ! difficulty w\ld be to limit ! process1 = ,,e anci5t ritual1 we c n[ see1 has _h a mean+ & a message1 & x w\ld be a real joy to dis5tangle ^! & to expose ! pr(\nd solid>ity ( humanity & aspiration f ! v dawn ( civilization d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,nor w\ld x be necess>y to imag9e any ,act ( ,uni=mity or dead level ( c]emonial 9 ! matt]4 ,diff]5t gr\ps might conc5trate on diff]5t phases ( religi\s ?\ght & practice4 ,! only necessity w\ld be t !y %\ld approa* ! subject ) a real love ( ,humanity 9 _! he>ts & a real desire to come into t\* ) ! deep inn] life & my/ic gr[+-pa9s ( ! s\ls ( m5 & wom5 9 all ages4 ,9 ?is direction ,m4 ,loisy has done noble & excell5t "w2 b ! dead weight & selfi% bl9k]dom ( ! ,ca?olic organization has hamp]$ him to t degree t he has be5 unable to get ju/ice done to 8 lib]aliz+ designs--or1 p]haps1 ev5 to reveal ! full ext5t ( !m4 ,& ! same difficulty w rema94 ,on ! "o h& no spiritual movem5t :i* does n take up ! attitude ( a ,_w-religion has n[ 9 ?is age1 any *ance ( success2 on ! o!r1 all ! exi/+ ,*ur*es--:e!r ,roman ,ca?olic1 or ,greek1 or ,prote/ant or ,secul>i/--:e!r ,*ri/ian or ,jewi% or ,p]sian or ,h9du--w 9 all probability adopt ! same bl9d & bl9k]$ & selfi% attitude z t describ$ above1 & s disqualify !mselves = ! great role ( _w-wide emancipation1 :i* "s religion at "s "t w c]ta9ly h to play4 ,x is ! same difficulty :i* is loom+ l>ge 9 mod]n ,_w-politics1 :]e ! local selfi%ness & va+lori\s patriotisms ( ! ,nations are sadly imp$+ & ob/ruct+ ! developm5t ( t s5se ( ,int]nationalism & ,bro!rhood :i* is ! cle>ly indicat$ =m ( ! future1 & :i* alone c give ea* nation deliv]ance f fe>1 & a promise ( gr[?1 & ! confid5t assurance ( p[]4 ,i say t ,*ri/ianity mu/ ei!r frankly adopt ?is g5]\s attitude & confess itself a bran* ( ! great ,_w-religion1 anxi\s only to d honor to its s\rce--or else x mu/ p]i% & pass away4 ,!re is no o!r alt]native4 ,! h\r ( its ,exodus has come4 ,x may be1 ( c\rse1 t nei!r ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* nor any bran* ( x1 nor any o!r religi\s organization1 w /ep into ! gap4 ,x may be--b ,i d n ?9k ?is is likely--t ! "t ( rites & c]emonies & =mal cre$s is ,,pa/1 & *ur*es ( any k9d w be no m ne$$ 9 ! _w3 n likely1 ,i say1 because ( ! /ill f> backw>dness ( ! human masses1 & _! consid]able dep5d5ce yet on laws & =ms & rituals4 ,/ill1 if x %\ld prove t t age ( dep5d5ce ,,is really approa*+ its end1 t w\ld surely be a matt] = congratulation4 ,x w\ld mean t mank9d 0 mov+ into a k ( ! ,,reality :i* has und]la9 ^! out] %[s--t x 0 com+ into ! ,?ird /age ( its ,consci\sness4 ,hav+ f\nd ?is !re w\ld be no ne$ = x to dwell any long] 9 ! l& ( sup]/itions & =mulae4 ,x w\ld h come to ! place ( :i* ^! latt] are only ! outly+ indications4 ,x may1 !re=e1 happ5--& ?is q indep5d5tly ( ! gr[? ( a ,_w-cult su* z ,i h describ$1 ?\gh by no means 9 antagonism to x--t a religi\s philosophy or ,!osophy might develop & spread1 simil> to ! ,gnonam ( ! ,h9dus or ! ,gnomsis ( ! pre-,*ri/ian sects1 :i* w\ld become1 fir/ among individuals & aft]w>ds among l>ge bodies ov] ! _w1 ! religion (--or p]haps "o %\ld say ! religi\s approa* to ! ,?ird ,/ate4 ,books l ! ,upani%ads ( ! ,v$ic se]s1 & ! ,bhagavat ,gita1 ?\gh g>bl$ & obscur$ by prie/ly int]f]5ces & my/ifications1 d und\bt$ly repres5t & give expression to ! highe/ utt]ance ( religi\s exp]i5ce to be f\nd any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,!y are inde$ ! manuals ( human entrance into ! cosmic /ate4 ,b z ,i say1 & z has happ5$ 9 ! case ( o!r sacr$ books1 a va/ deal ( rubbi% has accret$ r\nd _! ess5tial tea*+s1 & has to be cle>$ away4 ,to g into a s]i\s explication ( ! mean+ ( ^! books w\ld be f> too l>ge an affair1 & w\ld be =eign to ! purpose ( ! pres5t volume2 b ,i h 9 ! ,app5dix bel[ ins]t$ two pap]s1 7on ,re/ & ,! ,nature ( ! ,self7 conta9+ ! sub/ance ( lectures giv5 on ! above books4 ,^! pap]s or lectures are c\*$ 9 ! v simple/ language1 free f ,sanskrit t]ms & ! usual 'j>gon ( ! ,s*ools1' & may1 ,i hope1 ev5 on t acc\nt be ( use 9 famili>iz+ read]s :o are n specially ,,/ud5ts ) ! ideas & m5tal attitudes ( ! cosmic /ate4 ,non-diff]5tiation 7,advaita 7#a77 is ! root attitude ( ! m9d inculcat$4 7#a7 ,! ^w means n-two-ness4 ,"h we see a great subtlety ( def9ition4 ,x is n to be "o ) o!rs t is urg$1 b to be n two4 ,we h se5 t !re has be5 an age ( non-diff]5tiation 9 ! ,pa/--non-diff]5tiation f o!r memb]s ( ! ,tribe1 f ! ,animals1 f ,nature & ! ,_s or ,spirits ( nature2 :y %\ld !re n arise a simil> s5se ( non-diff]5tiation 9 ! ,future--simil> b m ext5d$ m intellig5t8 ,c]ta9ly ?is w arrive1 9 its own appo9t$ "t4 ,!re w be a surpass+ ( ! b\nds ( sep>ation & division4 ,!re w be a surpass+ ( all ,taboos4 ,we h se5 ! use & function ( ,taboos 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ,evolution & h[ progress & gr[? h be5 v mu* a matt] ( _! gradual ext9ction & assimilation into ! g5]al body ( rational ?\ght & feel+4 ,unreason+ & idiotic taboos /ill l+]1 b !y gr[ weak]4 ,a new ,morality w come :i* w %ake itself free f !m4 ,! s5se ( k9%ip ) ! animals 7z 9 ! old rituals7 7#a7 w be re/or$2 ! s5se ( k9%ip ) all ! races ( mank9d w gr[ & become consolidat$2 ! s5se ( ! defilem5t & impurity ( ! human body w 7) ! adoption ( a g5]ally clean & :olesome life7 pass away2 & ! body itself w come to be reg>d$ m z a collection ( %r9es 9 :i* ! gods may be wor%ip$ & less z a m]e organ ( trivial self-gratifications2 7#b7 !re w be no =m ( ,nature1 or ( human life or ( ! less] creatures1 :i* w be b>r$ f ! approa* ( ,man or f ! intimate & p5etrat+ invasion ( 8 _s2 & z 9 c]ta9 c]emonies & aft] honorable toils & labors a citiz5 is sometimes receiv$ into ! community ( 8 own city1 s ! emancipat$ human be+ on ! completion ( 8 long long pilgrimage on ,e>? w be pres5t$ ) ! ,fre$om ( ! ,univ]se4 7#a7 ,! record ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* has be5 sadly call\s & inhuman 9 ?is matt] ( ! animals4 7#b7 ,see ,! ,art ( ,creation1 by ,e4 ,c>p5t]4 ,,xvii4 ,,conclusion ,9 conclusion !re does n seem mu* to say1 except to acc5tuate c]ta9 po9ts :i* may /ill appe> d\btful or capable ( be+ und]/ood4 ,! fact t ! ma9 argum5t ( ?is volume is along ! l9es ( psy*ological evolution w no d\bt comm5d x to "s1 :ile on ! o!r h& x w discr$it ! book to o!rs ^: eyes1 be+ fix$ on purely ,,mat]ial causes1 c see no impetus 9 ,hi/ory except ?r\gh ^!4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t !re is n ! lea/ reason = ,,sep>at+ ! two factors4 ,! fact t psy*ologically man has evolv$ f simple consci\sness to self-consci\sness1 & is n[ 9 process ( evolution t[>ds ano!r & m ext5d$ k9d ( consci\sness1 does n 9 ! lea/ b> ! simultane\s appe>ance & influ5ce ( mat]ial evolution4 ,x is cle> inde$ t ! two mu/ l>gely g toge!r1 act+ & react+ on ea* o!r4 ,:atev] ! physical conditions ( ! animal bra9 may be :i* connect !mselves ) simple 7unreflect$ & unreflect+7 consci\sness1 x is evid5t t ^! conditions--9 animals & primitive man--la/$ = an enorm\s p]iod1 be=e ! di/9ct consci\sness ( ! individual & sep>ate ,,self arose4 ,?is second ord] ( consci\sness seems to h g]m9at$ at or ab\t ! same p]iod z ! discov]y ( ! use ( ,tools 7tools ( /one1 copp]1 bronze1 c471 ! adoption ( picture-writ+ & ! use ( reflective words 7l ,i & ,?\72 & x l$ on to ! appreciation ( gold & ( iron ) _! ornam5tal & practical values1 ! accumulation ( ,prop]ty1 ! e/abli%m5t ( slav]y ( v>i\s k9ds1 ! subjection ( ,wom51 ! enc\ragem5t ( luxury & self-indulg5ce1 ! gr[? ( cr[d$ cities & ! endless conflicts & w>s s result+4 ,we c see pla9ly t ! incom+ ( ! self-motive ex]cis$ a direct /imulus on ! pursuit ( ^! mat]ial objects & adaptations2 & t ! mat]ial adaptations 9 _! turn did l>gely acc5tuate ! self-motive2 b to insi/ t ! real explanation ( ! :ole process is only to be f\nd along "o *annel--! mat]ial ,,or ! psy*ical--is cle>ly q unnecess>y4 ,^? :o und]/& t all matt] is consci\s 9 "s degree1 & t all consci\sness has a mat]ial =m ( "s k9d1 w be ! fir/ to admit ?is4 ,! same rem>ks apply to ! ,?ird ,/age4 ,we c see t 9 mod]n times ! huge & unlimit$ p[]s ( production by ma*9]y1 unit$ ) a gr[+ t5d5cy t[>ds intellig5t ,bir?-control1 are prep>+ ! way = an age ( ,communism & communal ,pl5ty :i* w inevitably be associat$ 7p>tly z cause & p>tly z effect7 ) a new g5]al phase ( consci\sness1 involv+ ! mitigation ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ! gr[? ( intuitional & psy*ical p]ception1 ! spread ( amity & solid>ity1 ! disappe>ance ( ,w>1 & ! realization 79 degree7 ( ! ,cosmic life4 ,p]haps ! greate/ difficulty or /umbl+-block to ! g5]al acceptance ( ! belief 9 a ?ird 7or ',gold5-,age'7 phase ( human evolution is ! ob/9ate & obdurate pre-judgm5t t ! pass+ ( ,humanity out ( ! ,second /age c only mean ! entire ,,ab&onm5t ,,( ,,self-,,consci\sness2 & ?is p say--& q rightly--is bo? impossible & undesirable4 ,?r\gh\t ! prec$+ *apt]s ,i h /riv51 :]ev] feasible1 to c\nt] ?is misund]/&+--b ,i h little hope ( success4 ,! ,,det]m9ation ( ! _w to misund]/& or mis9t]pret any?+ a little new or unfamili> is a ?+ :i* p]haps only an au?or c duly appreciate4 ,b :ile x is cle> t self-consci\sness orig9ally came into be+ ?r\gh a process ( ali5ation & exile & fe> :i* m>k$ x ) ! ,ca9-l br& ( lonel9ess & ap>tness1 x is equally cle> t to ?9k ( t ap>tness z an absolute & p]man5t sep>ation is an illusion1 s9ce no be+ c really cont9ue to live divorc$ f ! s\rce ( its life4 ,= a p]iod 9 evolution ! ,,self took on ?is illusive =m 9 consci\sness1 z ( an ignis fatuus--! =m ( a be+ sund]$ f all o!r be+s1 atomic1 lonely1 )\t refuge1 surr\nd$ by dang]s & /ruggl+1 = itself alone & = its own salvation 9 ! mid/ ( a ho/ile environm5t4 ,p]haps "s su* t]rible imag9ation 0 necess>y at fir/1 z x 7 to />t ,humanity on its new pa?4 ,b x _h its comp5sation1 = ! suff]+s & tortures1 m5tal & bodily1 ! privations1 p]secutions1 accusations1 hatr$s1 ! w>s & conflicts--s endur$ by millions ( individuals & :ole races--h at l5g? /amp$ ^u ! human m9d a s5se ( individual responsibility :i* o!rwise p]haps w\ld nev] h em]g$1 & ^: m>k c n[ be effac$2 ultimately1 too1 ^! ?+s h se>*$ our inn] nature to its v dep?s & expos$ its b$-rock f\ndation4 ,!y h conv9c$ u t ?is idea ( ultimate sep>ation is an illusion1 & t 9 tru? we are all indefeasible & inde/ructible p>ts ( "o great ,unity 9 :i* we live & move & h our be+4 ,t be+ s1 x is cle> t !re rema9s 9 ! end a self-consci\sness :i* ne$ by no means be ab&on$1 :i* inde$ only comes to its true fruition & und]/&+ :5 x recognizes its affiliation ) ! ,:ole1 & glories 9 an individuality :i* is an expression bo? ( itself ,,& ( ! :ole4 ,! human *ild at its "m's knee probably comes fir/ to "k x ,,has a 'self' on "s fateful day :5 hav+ w&]$ af> x goes lo/ among ali5 h\ses & /reets or 9 ! trackless fields4 ,t appall+ exp]i5ce--! s5se ( dang]1 ( fe>1 ( lonel9ess--is nev] =gott52 x /amps "s new s5se ( ,be+ ^u ! *ildi% m9d1 b t s5se1 in/ead ( be+ de/roy$1 becomes all ! pr\d] & m radiant 9 ! h\r ( return to ! "m's arms4 ,! return1 ! salvation1 = :i* humanity looks1 is ! return ( ! little individual self to h>mony & union ) ! great ,self ( ! univ]se1 b by no means its ext9ction or ab&onm5t--r ! f9d+ ( its own true nature z nev] be=e4 ,!re is ano!r ?+ :i* may be said "h3 namely1 t ! dis5tanglem5t1 z above1 ( ?ree ma9 /ages ( psy*ological evolution z great =mative influ5ces 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d1 does n by any means preclude ! e/abli%m5t ( less] /ages )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ^!4 ,9 all probability subdivisions ( all ! ?ree w come 9 "t to be recogniz$ & all[$ =4 ,to take ! ,second /age only1 x ,,may appe> t ,self-consci\sness 9 its fir/ developm5t is *>act]iz$ by an acc5tuation ( ,timidity2 9 its second developm5t by a m delib]ate pursuit ( s5sual ,pleasure 7lu/1 food1 dr9k1 c472 9 its ?ird by ! pursuit ( m5tal gratifications 7vanities1 ambitions1 enslavem5t ( o!rs72 9 its f\r? by ! pursuit ( ,prop]ty1 z a means ( atta9+ ^! objects2 9 its fif? by ! access ( enmities1 jeal\sies1 w>s & s =?1 consequ5t on all ^! ?+s2 & s on4 ,i h no int5tion at pres5t ( foll[+ out ?is l9e ( ?\ght1 b only wi% to sugge/ its feasibility & ! degree to :i* x may ?r[ light on ! social evolutions ( ! ,pa/4 7#a7 7#a7 ,= an analysis ( ! nature ( ,self-consci\sness see vol4 iii1 p4 #cge sq4 ( ! ?ree pond]\s tomes by ,wilhelm ,wundt--,grund-zuge d] ,physiologis*5 ,psy*ologie--9 :i* amid an enorm\s mass ( v]biage occasional gleams ( useful sugge/ion are to be f\nd4 ,z a k9d ( rude g5]al philosophy we may say t !re are only two ma9 factors 9 life1 namely1 ,love & ,ignorance4 ,& ( ^! we may also say t ! two are n 9 ! same plane3 "o is positive & sub/antial1 ! o!r is negative & m]ely illusory4 ,x may be ?\ght at fir/ t ,fe> & ,hatr$ & ,cruelty1 & ! l1 are v positive ?+s1 b 9 ! end we see t !y are due m]ely to ,,abs5ce ( p]ception1 to dulness ( und]/&+4 ,or we may put ! /atem5t 9 a r less crude =m1 & say t !re are only two factors 9 life3 7#a7 ! s5se ( ,unity ) o!rs 7& ) ,nature7--:i* cov]s ,love1 ,fai?1 ,c\rage1 ,tru?1 & s =?1 & 7#b7 ,non-p]ception ( ! same--:i* cov]s ,enmity1 ,fe>1 ,hatr$1 ,self-pity1 ,cruelty1 ,jeal\sy1 ,meanness & an endless simil> li/4 ,! pres5t _w :i* we see ar\nd u1 ) its idiotic w>s1 its s5seless jeal\sies ( nations & classes1 its fe>s & gre$s & vanities & its futile endeavors--z ( p /ruggl+ 9 a swamp--to f9d "o's own salvation by tread+ o!rs und]foot1 is a negative ph5om5on4 ,ignorance1 non-p]ception1 are at ! root ( x4 ,b x is ! bless$ virtue ( ,ignorance & ( non-p]ception t !y inevitably--if only sl[ly & pa9fully--,,de/roy ,,!mselves4 ,all exp]i5ce s]ves to dissipate !m4 ,! _w1 z x is1 c>ries' ! doom ( its own trans=mation 9 its bosom2 & 9 proportion z t :i* is negative disappe>s ! positive elem5t mu/ e/abli% itself m & m4 ,s we come back to t ) :i* we began1 7#a7 to ,fe> br$ by ,ignorance4 ,f t s\rce has sprung ! long catalogue ( follies1 cruelties & suff]+s :i* m>k ! records ( ! human race s9ce ! dawn ( hi/ory2 & to ! ov]com+ ( ?is ,fe> we p]=ce mu/ look = our future deliv]ance1 & = ! discov]y1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ?is _w1 ( our true ,home4 ,! "t is com+ :5 ! positive con/ructive elem5t mu/ dom9ate4 ,x is inevitable t ,man mu/ ev] build a /ate ( society ar\nd him aft] ! patt]n & image ( 8 own int]ior /ate4 ,! :ole futile & idiotic /ructure ( comm]ce & indu/ry 9 :i* we are n[ imprison$ spr+s f t falsehood ( individuali/ic self-seek+ :i* m>ks ! second /age ( human evolution4 ,t /age is already tott]+ to its fall1 de/roy$ by ! v flood ( egoti/ic passions & int]e/s1 ( vanities1 gre$s1 & cruelties1 all w>r+ ) ea* o!r1 :i* are ! sure outcome & culm9ation ( its op]ation4 ,) ! re/oration ( ! s5tim5t ( ! ,common ,life1 & ! gradual gr[? ( a m5tal attitude correspond+1 !re w em]ge f ! flood some?+ l a solid e>?--some?+ on :i* x w be possible to build ) good hope = ! future4 ,s*emes ( recon/ruction are well en\gh 9 _! way1 b if !re is no gr\nd ( ,,real ,,human ,,solid>ity b5ea?1 ( :at avail are !y8 7#a7 ,see ,introduction1 ,*4 ,i4 ,an indu/rial sy/em :i* is no real indu/rial ord]1 b only 7on ! "p ( ! employ]s7 a devil's device = secur+ private pr(it "u ! guise ( public utility1 & 7on ! "p ( ! employ$7 a dismal & poor-spirit$ r5unciation--= ! sake ( a b>e liv+--( all real int]e/ 9 life & "w3 su* a 'sy/em' mu/ infallibly pass away4 ,x _c 9 ! nature ( ?+s be p]man5t4 ,! fir/ condition ( social happ9ess & prosp]ity mu/ be ! s5se ( ! ,common ,life4 ,?is s5se1 :i* in/9ctively und]lay ! :ole ,tribal ord] ( ! f> pa/--:i* fir/ came to consci\sness 9 ! wor%ip ( a ?\s& pagan div9ities1 & 9 ! rituals ( c\ntless sacrifices1 initiations1 r$emptions1 love-fea/s & communions1 :i* inspir$ ! dreams ( ! ,gold5 ,age1 & fla%$ out = a "t 9 ! ,communism ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians & 9 _! adorations ( ! ris5 ,savior--mu/ 9 ! end be ! creative condition ( a new ord]3 x mu/ provide ! mat]ial ( :i* ! ,gold5 ,city waits to be built4 ,! long travail ( ! ,_w-religion w n h be5 9 va91 :i* assures ?is consummation4 ,:at ! signs & conditions ( any g5]al advance into ?is new ord] ( life & consci\sness w be1 we "k n4 ,x may be t z to individuals ! revelation ( a new vision (t5 comes q sudd5ly1 & ,,g5]ally p]haps aft] a p]iod ( great suff]+1 s to society at l>ge a simil> revelation w arrive--l ! lightn+ :i* come? out ( ! ,ea/ & %9e? ev5 unto ! ,we/--) unexpect$ swiftness4 ,on ! o!r h& x w\ld p]haps be wise n to c\nt too mu* on any su* sudd5 trans=mation4 ,:5 we look abroad 7& at home7 9 ?is ye> ( grace & hop$-= peace1 #aiai1 & see ! spirits ( ranc\r & rev5ge1 ! fe>s1 ! selfi% bl9dness & ! ignorance1 :i* /ill hold 9 _! p>alyz+ grasp huge classes & cot]ies 9 e c\ntry 9 ! _w1 we see t ! second /age ( human developm5t is by no means yet at its full t]m1 & t1 z 9 "s va/ *rysalis1 = ! lib]ation ( ! creature )9 /ill m & m t]rible /ruggles ,,may be necess>y4 ,we c only pray t su* may n be ! case4 ,anyh[1 if we h foll[$ ! argum5t ( ?is book we c h>dly d\bt t ! de/ruction 7:i* is go+ on ev]y:]e7 ( ! out] =m ( ! pres5t society m>ks ! fir/ /age ( man's f9al lib]ation2 & t1 soon] or lat]1 & 9 its own good "t1 t fur!r 'div9e ev5t' w surely be realiz$4 ,nor ne$ we fe> t ,humanity1 :5 x has once ent]$ into ! great ,deliv]ance1 w be aga9 ov]p[]$ by evil4 ,f ,k back to ,ignorance !re is no complete return4 ,! nations t h come to enlight5m5t ne$ ent]ta9 no dread ( ^? o!rs 7h[ev] ho/ile !y appe>7 :o are /ill plung+ d>kly 9 ! tr\bl$ wat]s ( self-gre$4 ,! da/>dly ,fe>s :i* inspire all bruti%ness & cruelty ( w>f>e--:e!r ( ,:ite aga9/ ,:ite or x may be ( ,:ite aga9/ ,yell[ or ,black--may be dismiss$ = good & all by t ble/ race :i* once %all h ga9$ ! %ore--s9ce f ! v nature ( ! case ^? :o are on dry l& c fe> no?+ & ne$ fe> no?+ f ! un=tunates :o are yet toss+ 9 ! welt] & turmoil ( ! waves4 ,dr4 ,fraz]1 9 ! conclusion ( 8 great "w ,! ,gold5 ,b\gh1 7#a7 bids f>ewell to 8 read]s ) ! foll[+ words3 ,! laws ( ,nature are m]ely hypo!ses devis$ to expla9 t ev]-%ift+ phantasmagoria ( ?\ght :i* we dignify ) ! high-s\nd+ names ( ! ,_w & ! ,univ]se4 ,9 ! la/ analysis magic1 religion & sci5ce are no?+ b !ories 7( ?\ght72 & z ,sci5ce has supplant$ its pr$ecessors s x may h]eaft] itself be sup]s$$ by "s m p]fect hypo!sis1 p]haps by "s p]fectly diff]5t way ( look+ at ph5om5a--( regi/]+ ! %ad[s on ! scre5--( :i* we 9 ?is g5]ation c =m no idea4 ,i imag9e ,dr4 ,fraz] is "r 9 ?9k+ t a way ( look+ at ph5om5a diff]5t f ! way ( ,sci5ce1 may "s day prevail4 ,b ,i ?9k ?is *ange w come1 n s mu* by ! gr[? ( ,sci5ce itself or ! ext5sion ( its 'hypo!ses1' z by a gr[? & expansion ( ! human ,,he>t & a *ange 9 its psy*ology & p[]s ( p]ception4 ,p]haps "s ( ! prec$+ *apt]s w help to %[ h[ mu* ! outlook ( humanity on ! _w has be5 guid$ ?r\gh ! c5turies by ! sl[ evolution ( its inn] consci\sness4 ,gradually1 out ( an inf9ite mass ( folly & delusion1 ! human s\l has 9 ?is way dis5tangl$ itself1 & w 9 ! future dis5tangle itself1 to em]ge at l5g? 9 ! light ( true ,,fre$om4 ,all ! taboos1 ! insane t]rors1 ! fatu\s =biddals ( ?is & t 7) _! consequ5t he>t-se>*+s & di/ress7 may p]haps h be5 9 _! way necess>y1 9 ord] to rivet & def9e ! mean+ & ! und]/&+ ( t ^w4 ,to-day ^! taboos & t]rors /ill l+]1 _m ( !m1 9 ! =m ( conv5tions ( morality1 uneasy /riv+s ( consci5ce1 d\bts & desp]ations ( religion2 b ultimately ,man w em]ge f all ^! ?+s1 ,,free--famili>1 t is1 ) !m all1 mak+ use ( all1 all[+ g5]\sly = ! values ( all1 b hamp]$ & b\nd by ,,none4 ,he w realize ! inn] mean+ ( ! cre$s & rituals ( ! anci5t religions1 & w hail ) joy ! fulfilm5t ( _! f> prophecy d[n ! ages--f9d+ aft] all ! long-expect$ ,savi\r ( ! _w )9 8 own brea/1 & ,p>adise 9 ! disclosure !re ( ! ev]la/+ peace ( ! s\l4 7#a7 ,see ,bald]1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #cjf1 #cjg4 7,f>ewell to ,nemi47 ,,app5dix ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,! ,,upani%ads ,,be+ ,,! ,,sub/ance ,,( ,,two ,,lectures ,,to ,,popul> ,,audi5ces ,i4 ,,re/ ,,ii4 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,self ,i4 ,,re/ ,to "s1 9 ! pres5t :irlpool ( life & affairs x may seem almo/ an absurdity to talk ab\t ,re/4 ,= long en\gh n[ re/ has seem$ a ?+ f> (f & unatta9able4 ,) ! po/s knock+ at our doors t5 or twelve times a day1 ) telegrams arriv+ e h\r1 & ! telephone bell con/antly r++2 ) motors ru%+ wildly ab\t ! /reets1 & a]oplanes :izz+ ov]head1 ) "w spe$$ up 9 e direction1 & ! drive 9 ! work%ops becom+ m intol]able e day2 ) ! pace ( ! walk]s & ! pace ( ! talk]s f h\r to h\r insanely increas+--:at room1 x may well be ask$1 is !re = ,re/8 ,& n[ ! issues ( w>1 r$\bl+ ! urg5cy ( all que/ions1 are on u4 ,! problem is obvi\sly a s]i\s "o4 ,s urg5t is x t ,i ?9k "o may safely say ! am\nt ( insanity due to ! pressure ( daily life is increas+2 nurs+-homes h sprung up = ! special purpose ( treat+ su* cases2 & doctors are />t+ special c\rses ( tuition 9 ! art--n[ becom+ v important--( sy/ematically do+ no?+6 ,& yet x is difficult to see ! outcome ( x all4 ,! clock ( :at is call$ ,progress is n easily turn$ backw>d4 ,we %\ld n v readily agree n[adays to ! abolition ( telegrams or to a regulation compell+ express tra9s to /op at e /ation6 ,we c't ,,all g to ,nurs+ ,homes1 or af=d to enjoy a w9t]'s re/-cure 9 ,egypt4 ,&1 if n1 is ! spe$+-up process to g on indef9itely1 incapable ( be+ *eck$1 & de/9$ ultimately to l& civilization 9 ! mad-h\se8 ,x is1 ,i say1 a s]i\s & an urg5t problem4 ,& x is1 ,i ?9k1 =c+ a c]ta9 answ] on u--:i* ,i w n[ endeavor to expla94 ,if we _c turn back & rev]se ?is fatal onru% ( mod]n life 7& x is evid5t t we _c d s 9 any v brief "t--?\gh ( c\rse ultimately we might succe$7 !n ,i ?9k !re are cle>ly only two alt]natives left--ei!r to g =w>d to g5]al dislocation & madness1 or--to le>n to re/ ev5 9 ! v mid/ ( ! hurry & ! scurry4 ,to expla9 :at ,i mean1 let me use an illu/ration4 ,! typhoons & cyclones ( ! ,*9a ,seas are "s ( ! mo/ =midable /orms t %ips c enc\nt]4 ,_! pa?s 9 ! pa/ h be5 /rewn ) wrecks & disa/]4 ,b n[ ) increas$ k mu* ( _! dang] has be5 av]t$4 ,x is kn[n t !y are ,,circul> 9 "*1 & t ?\gh ! w9d on _! outskirts (t5 rea*es a spe$ ( #ajj miles an h\r1 9 ! c5tre ( ! /orm !re is a space ( complete calm--n a calm ( ! ,,sea c]ta9ly1 b a complete abs5ce ( w9d4 ,! skill$ navigator1 if he _c escape ! /orm1 /e]s "r into ! he>t ( x1 & re/s !re4 ,ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ! clatt] he f9ds a place ( quiet :]e he c trim 8 sails & adju/ 8 future c\rse4 ,he kn[s too f 8 position 9 :at direction at e po9t ar\nd him ! w9d is mov+ & :]e x w /rike him :5 at la/ 8 %ip em]ges f ! *>m$ circle4 ,is x n possible1 we may ask1 t 9 ! v mid/ ( ! cyclone ( daily life we may f9d a simil> re/+-place8 ,if we c1 our case is by no means hopeless4 ,if we _c1 !n inde$ !re is dang]4 ,look+ back 9 ,hi/ory we seem to see t 9 old times p took life mu* m leisurely ?an !y d n[4 ,! eld] g5]ations gave m scope 9 _! cu/oms & _! religions = cont5tm5t & peace ( m9d4 ,we associate a c]ta9 quietism & passivity ) ! ?\ght ( ! ,ea/]n peoples4 ,b z civilization travel$ ,we/w>d ext]nal activity & ! pace ( life increas$--less & less "t 0 left = m$itation & repose--till ) ! rise ( ,we/]n ,europe & ,am]ica1 ! dom9ant note ( life seems to h simply become "o ( fev]i% & ceaseless activity--( activity m]ely = ! sake ( activity1 )\t any cle> idea ( its own purpose or object4 ,su* a prospect does n at fir/ seem v hopeful2 b on second ?\ghts we see t we are n =c$ to draw any v pessimi/ic conclusion f x4 ,! direction ( human evolution ne$ n rema9 always ! same4 ,! movem5t1 9 fact1 ( civilization f ,ea/ to ,we/ has n[ cle>ly complet$ itself4 ,! globe has be5 circl$1 & we _c g any ,,f>!r to ! ,we/ )\t com+ r\nd to ! ,ea/ aga94 ,x is a commonplace to say t our psy*ology1 our philosophy & our religi\s s5se are already tak+ on an ,ea/]n color2 nor is x difficult to imag9e t ) ! end ( ! pres5t disp5sation a new era may p]fectly naturally arrive 9 :i* ! ,/4 ,vitus' dance ( money-mak+ & ambition w cease to be ! *ief end ( exi/5ce4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( nations z 9 ! hi/ory ( individuals !re are p]iods :5 ! =mative ideals ( life 7?r\gh "s hidd5 influ5ce7 *ange2 & ! mode ( life & evolution 9 consequ5ce *anges also4 ,i rememb] :5 ,i 0 a boy wi%+--l _m o!r boys--to g to sea4 ,i want$ to jo9 ! ,navy4 ,x 0 n1 ,i am sure1 t ,i 0 s v anxi\s to def5d my c\ntry4 ,no1 !re 0 a mu* simpl] & m prosaic motive ?an t4 ,! %ips ( ^? days ) _! complex rigg+ sugge/$ a p]fect p>adise ( ,,climb+1 & ,i "k t x 0 ! ?\ght ( ,,t :i* influ5c$ me4 ,to be able to climb indef9itely among ^? ropes & sp>s6 ,h[ delightful6 ,( c\rse ,i knew p]fectly well t ,i %\ld n always h free access to ! rigg+2 b !n--"s day1 no d\bt1 ,i %\ld be an ,admiral1 & :o !n c\ld prev5t me8 ,i rememb] see+ myself 9 my m9d's eye1 ) cock$ hat on my head & spy-glass "u my arm1 roam+ at my own sweet w up al(t1 reg>dless ( ! remon/rances :i* might rea* me f bel[6 ,su* 0 my *ildi% ideal4 ,b a "t came--ne$less to say--:5 ,i conceiv$ a diff]5t idea ( ! object ( life4 ,x is said t ,john ,tyndall1 ^: lectures on ,sci5ce 7 s mu* s\ght aft] 9 _! "t1 be+ on "o occasion 9 ,new ,york 0 acco/$ aft] 8 disc\rse by a v successful ,am]ican bus9ess man1 :o urg$ him to devote 8 sci5tific k & ability to comm]cial pursuits1 promis+ t if he did s1 he1 ,tyndall1 w\ld easily make a big pile4 ,tyndall v calmly repli$1 ,well1 ,i myself ?\ght ( t once1 b ,i soon ab&on$ ! idea1 hav+ come to ! conclusion t ,i _h ,,no ,,"t ,,to ,,wa/e ,,9 ,,mak+ ,,money4 ,! man ( doll>s ne>ly sank into ! gr\nd4 ,su* a conception ( life _h nev] ent]$ 8 head be=e4 ,b to ,tyndall no d\bt x 0 obvi\s t if he *a9$ himself to ! comm]cial ideal all ! joy & glory ( 8 days w\ld be gone4 ,we sometimes he> ( ! awful doom ( "s ( ! ,russian convicts 9 ! qu>ries & m9es ( ,sib]ia1 :o are 7or 77 *a9$ p]man5tly to _! :eelb>r[s4 ,x is difficult to imag9e a m dreadful fate3 ! despair1 ! disgu/1 ! deadly loa?+ ( ! accurs$ ?+ f :i* !re is no escape day or night--:i* is ! companion n only ( ! prison]'s "w b ( 8 h\rs ( re/--) :i* he has to sleep1 to fe$1 to take 8 recreation if he has any1 & to fulfil all ! (fices ( nature4 ,c\ld any?+ be m cru%+8 ,& yet1 & yet444 is x n true t we1 mo/ ( u1 9 our v>i\s ways are *a9$ to our :eelb>r[s--is x n too (t5 true t to ^! begg>ly ?+s we h = ! mo/ "p *a9$ ,,ourselves8 ,let me be und]/ood4 ,( c\rse we all h 7or ought to h7 our "w to d4 ,we h our liv+ to get1 our families to support1 our trade1 our art1 our pr(ession to pursue4 ,9 t s5se no d\bt we are ti$2 b ,i take x t ^! ?+s are l ! :eelb>r[ :i* a man uses :ile he is at "w4 ,x may irk him at times1 b he /icks to x ) a good he>t1 & ) a c]ta9 joy because x is ! in/rum5t ( a noble purpose4 ,t is all "r4 ,b to be *a9$ to x1 n to be able to leave x :5 ! "w ( ! day is done--t is inde$ an ignoble slav]y4 ,i w\ld say1 !n1 take c>e t ev5 ) ^! ?+s1 ^! necess>y arts ( life1 y pres]ve y\r indep5d5ce1 t ev5 if to "s degree !y may conf9e y\r body !y d n enslave y\r m9d4 ,= x is ! fre$om ( ! m9d :i* c\nts4 ,we are all no d\bt caught 9 ! toils ( ! e>?-life4 ,"o man is l>gely dom9at$ by s5sual indulg5ce1 ano!r by ambition1 ano!r by ! pursuit ( money4 ,well1 ^! ?+s are all "r 9 !mselves4 ,)\t ! pleasures ( ! s5ses we %\ld be dull mokes inde$2 )\t ambition mu* ( ! ze/ & ent]prise ( life w\ld be gone2 gold1 9 ! pres5t ord] ( affairs1 is a v useful s]vant4 ,^! ?+s are "r en\gh--b to be ,,*a9$ to !m1 to be unable to ?9k ( any?+ else--:at a fate6 ,! subject rem9ds "o ( a n uncommon spectacle4 ,x is a glori\s day2 ! sun is bright1 small :ite cl\ds float 9 ! transp>5t blue--a day :5 y l+] p]=ce on ! road to enjoy ! sc5e4 ,b sudd5ly "h comes a man pa9fully runn+ all hot & du/y & mopp+ 8 head1 & ) no eye1 cle>ly1 = any?+ ar\nd him4 ,:at is ! matt]8 ,he is absorb$ by "o idea4 ,he is runn+ to cat* a tra96 ,& "o _c help wond]+ :at ,,exce$+ly important bus9ess x mu/ be = :i* all ?is glory & beauty is sacrific$1 & pass$ by z if x did n exi/4 ,fur!r we mu/ rememb] t 9 our fooli%ness we v commonly *a9 ourselves1 n only to ?+s l s5se-pleasures & ambitions :i* are on ! edge1 s to speak1 ( be+ vices2 b also to o!r ?+s :i* are acc\nt$ virtues1 & :i* z f> z ,i c see are j z bad1 if we once become enslav$ to !m4 ,i h kn[n p :o 7 s exce$+ly 'spiritual' & 'good' t "o really felt q depress$ 9 _! company2 ,i h kn[n o!rs ^: s5se ( duty1 de> ?+s1 0 s /rong t !y seem$ q unable to ,,re/1 or ev5 to all[ _! fri5ds to re/2 & ,i h wond]$ :e!r1 aft] all1 worrit+ ab\t "o's duty might n be z bad--z det]iorat+ to oneself1 z di/ress+ to "o's fri5ds--z s9n+ a good solid s94 ,no1 9 ?is respect virtues ,,may be no bett] ?an vices2 & to be *a9$ to a :eelb>r[ made ( alaba/] is no way pref]able to be+ *a9$ to "o ( wood4 ,to sacrifice ! immortal fre$om ( ! m9d 9 ord] to become a prey to self-reg>d+ c>es & anxieties1 self-e/imat+ virtues & vices1 self-*a9+ duties & indulg5ces1 is a mi/ake4 ,& ,i w>n y1 x is q useless4 ,= ! de/9y ( ,fre$om is ultimately ^u e "o1 & if refus+ x = a "t y heap y\r life p]si/5tly ^u "o object--h[ev] blameless 9 itself t object may be--,bew>e6 ,= "o day--& :5 y lea/ expect x--! gods w s5d a ?und]bolt ^u y4 ,"o day ! ?+ = :i* y h toil$ & sp5t labori\s days & sleepless nights w lie brok5 be=e y--y\r reputation w be ru9$1 y\r ambition w be da%$1 y\r sav+s ( ye>s w be lo/--& = ! mom5t y w be incl9$ to ?9k t y\r life has be5 9 va94 ,b pres5tly y w wake up & f9d t some?+ q diff]5t has happ5$4 ,y w f9d t ! ?und]bolt :i* y ?\ght 0 y\r ru9 has be5 y\r salvation--t x has brok5 ! *a9 :i* b\nd y to y\r :eelb>r[1 & t y are free6 -------- ,i ?9k y w n[ see :at ,i mean by ,re/4 ,re/ is ! loos+ ( ! *a9s :i* b9d u to ! :irligig ( ! _w1 x is ! pass+ into ! c5tre ( ! ,cyclone2 x is ! ,/ill+ ( ,?\ght4 ,= 7) reg>d to ?is la/7 x is ,?\ght1 x is ! ,atta*m5t ( ! ,m9d1 :i* b9ds u to out] ?+s4 ,! out] ?+s !mselves are all "r4 ,x is only ?r\gh our ?\ghts t !y make slaves ( u4 ,obta9 p[] ov] y\r ?\ghts & y are free4 ,y c !n use ! out] ?+s or dismiss !m at y\r pleasure4 ,!re is no?+ new ( c\rse 9 all ?is4 ,x has be5 kn[n = ages2 & is "p ( ! anci5t philosophy ( ! _w4 ,9 ! ,ka?a ,upani%ad y w f9d ^! words 7,max ,mull]'s translation73 ,z ra9wat] t has fall5 on a m\nta9 ridge runs d[n on all sides1 ?us does he :o sees a diff]5ce betwe5 qualities run aft] !m on all sides4 ,?is is ! figure ( ! man :o does ,,n re/4 ,& x is a p[]ful lik5ess4 ,! ?und] %[] desc5ds on ! m\nta9 top2 torr5ts ( wat] p\r d[n ! crags 9 e direction4 ,imag9e ! /ate ( m9d ( a man--h[ev] ?ir/y he may be--:o endeavors to pursue & int]cept all ^! /reams6 ,b !n ! ,upani%ad goes on3 ,z pure wat] p\r$ into pure wat] rema9s ! same1 ?us1 ,o ,gautama1 is ! ,self ( a ?9k] :o kn[s4 ,:at a p]fect image ( re/6 ,imag9e a ci/]n be=e y ) transp>5t glass sides & fill$ ) pure wat]4 ,& !n imag9e "s "o comes ) a phial1 also ( pure wat]1 & p\rs ! cont5ts g5tly into ! ci/]n4 ,:at w happ58 ,almo/ no?+4 ,! pure wat] w glide into ! pure wat]--rema9+ ! same4 ,!re w be no dislocation1 no discoloration 7z might happ5 if ,,muddy wat] 7 p\r$ 972 !re w be only p]fect h>mony4 ,i imag9e "h t ! mean+ is some?+ l ?is4 ,! ci/]n is ! great ,res]voir ( ! ,univ]se :i* conta9s ! pure & p]fect ,_s ( all life4 ,ea* "o ( u1 & e mortal creature1 repres5ts a drop f t res]voir--a drop inde$ :i* is also pure & p]fect 7?\gh ! phial 9 :i* x is conta9$ may n always be s74 ,:5 we1 ea* ( u1 desc5d into ! _w & meet ! great ,ocean ( ,life :i* dwells !re beh9d all mortal =ms1 x is l ! little phial be+ p\r$ into ! great res]voir4 ,if ! t9y canful :i* is our selves is pure & unsoil$1 !n :5 x meets ! _w x w bl5d ) ! ,_s :i* in=ms ! _w p]fectly h>moni\sly1 )\t di/ress or dislocation4 ,x w pass ?r\gh & be at "o ) x4 ,h[ c "o describe su* a /ate ( affairs8 ,y w h ! key to e p]son t y meet1 because inde$ y are consci\s t ! real ess5ce ( t p]son is ! same z y\r own4 ,y w h ! solution ( e ev5t :i* happ5s4 ,= e ev5t is 7& is felt to be7 ! t\* ( ! great ,_s on y\rs4 ,c any description ( ,re/ be m p]fect ?an t8 ,pure wat] p\r$ into pure wat]4444 ,!re is no ne$ to hurry1 = ev]y?+ w come 9 its good "t4 ,!re is no ne$ to leave y\r place1 = all y desire is close at h&4 ,"h is ano!r v]se 7f ! ,vagasaneyi-,samhita ,upani%ad7 embody+ ! same idea3 ,& he :o beholds all be+s 9 ! ,self1 & ! ,self 9 all be+s1 he nev] turns away f ,x4 ,:51 to a man :o und]/&s1 ! ,self has become all ?+s1 :at sorr[1 :at tr\ble1 c !re be to him--hav+ once beheld t ,unity8--,:at tr\ble1 :at sorr[1 inde$1 :5 ! univ]se has become transp>5t ) ! pres5ces ( all we love1 held firm 9 ! ,"o enfold+ ,pres5ce8 ,b x w be said3 ,our m9ds are ,,n pure & transp>5t4 ,m (t5 !y are muddy & soil$--soil$1 if n 9 _! real ess5ce1 yet by reason ( ! mortal phial 9 :i* !y are conta9$4 ,& t alas6 is true4 ,if y p\r a phial ( muddy wat] into t res]voir :i* we describ$--:at w y see8 ,y w see a que] & ugly cl\d =m$4 ,& to h[ _m ( u1 9 our deal+s ) ! _w1 does life take on j su* a =m--( a que] & ugly cl\d8 ,n[ n s v long aft] ^? ,upani%ads 7 writt5 !re liv$ 9 ,*9a t great ,tea*]1 ,lao-tze2 & he too _h consid]$ ^! ?+s4 ,& he wrote--9 ! ,tao-,teh-,k+--,:o is !re :o c make muddy wat] cle>8 ,! "q s\nds l a conundrum4 ,= a mom5t "o hesitates to answ] x4 ,lao-tze1 h[ev]1 has an answ] ready4 ,he says3 ,b if y ,,leave ,,x ,,alone x w become cle> ( itself4 ,t muddy wat] ( ! m9d1 muddi$ by all ! fooli% little ?\ghts :i* l a s$im5t infe/ x--b if y leave x alone x w become cle> ( itself4 ,sometimes walk+ along ! common road aft] a %[] y h se5 pools ( wat] ly+ "h & !re1 dirty & unsightly ) ! mud /irr$ up by ! ho(s ( m5 & animals4 ,& !n return+ "s h\rs aft]w>ds along ! same road--9 ! ev5+ & aft] ! cessation ( traffic--y h look$ aga91 & lo6 ea* pool has cle>$ itself to a p]fect calm1 & has become a lovely mirror reflect+ ! trees & ! cl\ds & ! sunset & ! />s4 ,s ?is mirror ( ! m9d4 ,leave x alone4 ,let ! ugly s$im5t ( tiresome ?\ghts & anxieties1 & ( fuss+ ov] "o's self-importances & duties1 settle d[n--& pres5tly y w look on x1 & see some?+ !re :i* y nev] knew or imag9$ be=e--some?+ m beautiful ?an y ev] yet beheld--a reflection ( ! real & et]nal _w su* is only giv5 to ! m9d t re/s4 ,d n recklessly spill ! wat]s ( y\r m9d 9 ?is direction & 9 t1 le/ y become l a spr+ lo/ & dissipat$ 9 ! des]t4 ,b draw !m toge!r into a little compass1 & hold !m /ill1 s /ill2 ,& let !m become cle>1 s cle>--s limpid1 s mirror-l2 ,at la/ ! m\nta9s & ! sky %all glass !mselves 9 peaceful beauty1 ,& ! antelope %all desc5d to dr9k1 & ! lion to qu5* 8 ?ir/1 ,& ,love himself %all come & b5d ov]1 & cat* 8 own lik5ess 9 y4 7#a7 7#a7 ,t[>ds ,democracy1 p4 #cgc4 ,yes1 !re is ?is priceless ?+ )9 u1 b ho(+ along ! roads 9 ! mud we fail to f9d x2 !re is ?is region ( calm1 b ! cyclone ( ! _w rag+ ar\nd gu>ds u f ent]+ x4 ,p]haps x is be/ s--be/ t ! access to x %\ld n be made too easy4 ,"o day1 "s "t ago1 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation ) ,rab9drana? ,tagore 9 ,london1 ,i ask$ him :at impress$ him mo/ 9 visit+ ! great city4 ,he said1 ,! re/less incessant movem5t ( ev]ybody4 ,i said1 ,yes1 !y seem z if !y 7 all ru%+ ab\t look+ = some?+4 ,he repli$1 ,x is because ea* p]son does n "k ( ! great treasure he has )9 himself4 -------- ,h[ !n are we to rea* ?is treasure & make x our own8 ,h[ are we to atta9 to ?is ,/ill+ ( ! ,m9d1 :i* is ! secret ( all p[] & possession8 ,! ?+ is difficult1 no d\bt2 yet z ,i tri$ to %[ at ! outset ( ?is disc\rse1 we ,mod]ns ,,mu/ rea* x2 we h got to atta9 to x--= ! p5alty ( failure is & mu/ be widespread ,madness4 ,! p[] to /ill ! m9d--to be ,,able1 m>k y1 :5 y want1 to ent] into ! region ( ,re/1 & to dismiss or comm& y\r ,?\ghts--is a condition ( ,heal?2 x is a condition ( all ,p[] & ,en]gy4 ,= all heal?1 :e!r ( m9d or body1 resides 9 "o's relation to ! c5tral ,life )94 ,if "o _c get into t\* ) ,,t1 !n ! life-=ces _c fl[ d[n into ! organism4 ,mo/1 p]haps all1 disease arises f ! di/urbance ( ?is connection4 ,all m]e hurry1 all m]e runn+ aft] ext]nal ?+s 7z ( ! man aft] ! wat]-/reams on ! m\nta9-top71 inevitably breaks x4 ,let a pond be all[$ calmly "u ! influ5ce ( fro/ to cry/allize1 & mo/ beautiful fl[]s & spe>s ( ice w be =m$1 b keep /irr+ ! wat] all ! "t ) a /ick or a pole & no?+ w result b an ugly bra% ( half-froz5 /uff4 ,! condition ( ! ex]cise ( p[] & en]gy is t x %\ld proce$ f a c5t] ( ,re/ )9 "o4 ,s conv9c$ am ,i ( ?is1 t :5ev] ,i f9d myself hurry+ ov] my "w1 ,i pause & say1 ,n[ y are n produc+ any?+ good6 & ,i g5]ally f9d t t is true4 ,x is curi\s1 b ,i ?9k v noticeable1 t ! places :]e p hurry mo/--z = in/ance ! ,city ( ,london or ,wall ,/reet1 ,new ,york--are j ! places :]e ! "w be+ done is ( ,,lea/ importance 7be+ mo/ly money-gambl+72 :]eas if y g & look at a pl\ghman pl\gh+--do+ p]haps ! mo/ important ( human "w--y f9d all 8 movem5ts mo/ delib]ate & leisurely1 z if inde$ he _h inf9ite "t at comm&2 ! tru? be+ t 9 deal+ 7l a pl\ghman7 ) ! e>? & ! horses & ! wea!r & ! ?+s ( ,nature g5]ally y c no m hurry ?an ,nature h]self hurries4 ,foll[+ ?is l9e ( ?\ght x might seem t "o w\ld arrive at a hopeless p>adox4 ,if x be true t ! less "o hurries ! bett] ! "w result+1 !n x might seem t by sitt+ /ill & m]ely twirl+ "o's ?umbs "o w\ld arrive at ! v greate/ activity & effici5cy6 ,& inde$ 7if und]/ood aright7 !re is a tru? ev5 9 ?is1 :i*--l ! o!r po9ts ,i h m5tion$--has be5 kn[n & taught long ages ago4 ,says t humor\s old sage1 ,lao-tze1 :om ,i h already quot$3 ,by non-action !re is no?+ t _c be done4 ,at fir/ ?is s\nds l m]e fool]y or worse2 b aft]w>ds ?9k+ on x "o sees !re is a mean+ hidd54 ,!re is a secret by :i* ,nature & ! p[]s ( ! univ]sal life w d all = y4 ,! ,bhagavat ,gita also says1 ,he :o discov]s inaction 9 action & action 9 inaction is wise among mortals4 ,x is wor? :ile dwell+ = a mom5t on ^! texts4 ,we are all--z ,i said e>li] on--involv$ 9 "w belong+ to our place & /ation2 we are ti$ to "s degree 9 ! bonds ( action4 ,b t fact ne$ n imprison our inn] m9ds4 ,:ile act+ ev5 ) ke5ness & en]gy along ! ext]nal & necess>y pa? be=e u1 x is p]fectly possible to hold ! m9d free & unti$--s t ! ,,result ( our action 7:i* ( c\rse is n ours to comm&7 %all rema9 indiff]5t & incapable ( unduly affect+ u4 ,simil>ly1 :5 x is our "p to rema9 ext]nally ,,inactive1 we may discov] t und]nea? ?is app>5t inaction we may be tak+ "p 9 ! curr5ts ( a deep] life :i* are mov+ on to a def9ite end1 to an end or object :i* 9 a s5se is ours & 9 a s5se is ,,n ours4 ,! ligh?\se beam flies ov] l& & sea ) incr$ible velocity1 & y ?9k ! light itself mu/ be 9 swifte/ movem5t2 b :5 y climb up ?i!r y f9d ! lamp absolutely /ation>y4 ,x is only ! reflection t is mov+4 ,! rid] on horseback may gallop to & fro :]ev] he w1 b x is h>d to say t ,,he is act+4 ,! horse guid$ by ! slighte/ indication ( ! man's w p]=ms an ! action t is ne$$4 ,if we c get into "r t\* ) ! imm5se1 ! incalculable p[]s ( ,nature1 is !re any?+ :i* we may n be able to d8 ,if a man wor%ip ! ,self only z 8 true /ate1 says ! ,brihad-aranyaka ,upani%ad1 8 "w _c fail1 = :atev] he desires1 t he obta9s f ! ,self4 ,:at a wond]ful say+1 & h[ infallibly true6 ,= obvi\sly if y succe$ 9 id5tify+ y\r true be+ ) ! great ,self ( ! univ]se1 !n :atev] y desire ! great ,self w also desire1 & !re=e e p[] ( ,nature w be at y\r s]vice & w conspire to fulfil y\r ne$4 ,!re are m>vel\s ?+s "h well wrapp$ up--difficult to describe1 yet n impossible to exp]i5ce4 ,& !y all dep5d ^u t p[] ( /ill+ ,?\ght1 t ability to pass unh>m$ & undismay$ ?r\gh ! gr9n+ legions ( ! l[] m9d into ! v he>t ( ,p>adise4 ,! "q inevitably arises1 ,h[ c ?is p[] be obta9$8 ,& !re is only "o answ]--! same answ] :i* has to be giv5 = ! atta9m5t ( ,,any p[] or faculty4 ,!re is no royal road4 ,! only way is 7h[ev] imp]fectly7 to ,,d ! ?+ 9 "q1 to practice x4 ,if y w\ld le>n to play cricket1 ! only way is to play cricket2 if y w\ld be able to speak a language1 ! only way is to speak x4 ,if y w\ld le>n to swim1 ! only way is to practice swimm+4 ,or w\ld y wi% to be l ! man :o :5 8 companions 7 ba?+ & bidd+ him come & jo9 !m1 said3 ,yes1 ,i am long+ to jo9 y1 b ,i am n go+ to be su* a fool z to g into ! wat] ,,till ,i ,,"k ,,h[ ,,to ,,swim6 ,!re is no?+ b practice4 ,if y want to obta9 t priceless p[] ( comm&+ ,?\ght--( us+ x or dismiss+ x 7= ! two ?+s g toge!r7 at w--!re is no way b practice4 ,& ! practice consi/s 9 two ex]cises3 7a7 t ( conc5tration--9 hold+ ! ?\ght /eadily = a "t on "o subject1 or po9t ( a subject2 & 7b7 t ( effacem5t--9 effac+ any giv5 ?\ght f ! m9d1 & det]m9+ ,,n to ent]ta9 x = su* & su* a "t4 ,bo? ^! ex]cises are difficult4 ,failure 9 practic+ !m is c]ta9--& may ev5 ext5d ov] ye>s4 ,b ! p[] equally c]ta9ly gr[s ,,) practice4 ,& ultimately !re may come a "t :5 ! le>n] is n only able to efface f 8 m9d any giv5 ?\ght 7h[ev] importunate71 b may ev5 succe$ 9 effac+1 dur+ %ort p]iods1 ,,all ?\ght ( any k9d4 ,:5 ?is /age is rea*$1 ! veil ( illusion :i* surr\nds all mortal ?+s is pi]c$1 & ! entrance to ! ,p>adise ( ,re/ 7& ( univ]sal p[] & k7 is f\nd4 ,( indirect or auxili>y me?ods ( rea*+ ?is great conclusion1 !re are m ?an "o4 ,i ?9k ( life 9 ! op5 air1 if n absolutely necess>y1 at lea/ mo/ important4 ,! gods--?\gh sometimes out ( compassion !y visit ! int]iors ( h\ses--are n fond ( su* places & ! evil effluvium !y f9d !re1 & avoid !m z mu* z !y c4 ,x is n m]ely a "q ( brea?+ oxyg5 in/ead ( c>bonic acid4 ,!re is a pres5ce & an influ5ce 9 ,nature & ! ,op5 :i* exp&s ! m9d & causes brig& c>es & worries to drop (f--:]eas 9 conf9$ places fooli% & futile ?\ghts ( all k9ds sw>m l microbes & cl\d & conceal ! s\l4 ,exp]to ,cr$e4 ,x is only necess>y to try ?is exp]im5t 9 ord] to prove its tru?4 ,ano!r ?+ :i* corresponds 9 "s degree to liv+ physically 9 ! op5 air1 is ! liv+ m5tally & emotionally 9 ! atmosph]e ( love4 ,a l>ge *>ity ( m9d1 :i* refuses absolutely to %ut itself 9 little seclud$ places ( prejudice1 bigotry & contempt = o!rs1 & :i* atta9s to a great & univ]sal sympa?y1 helps1 mo/ obvi\sly1 to op5 ! way to t region ( calm & fre$om ( :i* we h spok51 :ile conv]sely all petty enmity1 meanness & spite1 conspire to imprison ! s\l & make its deliv]ance m difficult4 ,x is n necess>y to labor ^! po9ts4 ,z we said1 ! way to atta9 is to s9c]ely ,,try to atta91 to consi/5tly ,,practice atta9m5t4 ,:oev] does ?is w f9d t ! way w op5 out by degrees1 z ( "o em]g+ f a va/ & gloomy =e/1 till out ( d>kness ! pa? becomes cle>4 ,= :omsoev] really ,,tries !re is no failure2 = e ef=t 9 t region is success1 & e onw>d pu%1 h[ev] small1 & h[ev] little result x may %[1 is really a move =w>d1 & "o /ep ne>] ! light4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,self ,! true nature ( ! ,self is a matt] by no means easy to compass4 ,we h all probably at "s "t or o!r attempt$ to fa?om ! deeps ( p]sonality1 & be5 baffl$4 ,"s p say !y c q di/9ctly rememb] a mom5t 9 e>ly *ildhood1 ab\t ! age ( ,,?ree 7?\gh ! exact p]iod is ( c\rse only approximate7 :5 self-consci\sness--! aw>5ess ( be+ a little sep>ate ,self--fir/ dawn$ 9 ! m9d4 ,x 0 g5]ally at "s mom5t ( *ildi% t5sion--alone p]haps 9 a g>d51 or lo/ f ! "m's protect+ h&--t ?is happ5$2 & x 0 ! beg9n+ ( a :ole range ( new exp]i5ce4 ,be=e "s su* p]iod !re is 9 *ildhood /rictly speak+ no di/9ct self-consci\sness4 ,z ,t5nyson says 7,9 ,memoriam xliv73 ,! baby new to e>? & sky1 ,:at "t 8 t5d] palm is pre/ ,aga9/ ! circle ( ! brea/1 ,ha? nev] ?\ght t ,?is is ,i4 ,x has consci\sness truly1 b no di/9ctive self-consci\sness4 ,x is ?is abs5ce or defici5cy :i* expla9s _m ?+s :i* at fir/ sight seem obscure 9 ! psy*ology ( *ildr5 & ( animals4 ,! baby 7x has (t5 be5 notic$7 exp]i5ces little or no s5se ( ,,fe>4 ,x does n "k en\gh to be afraid2 x has nev] =m$ any image ( itself1 z ( a ?+ :i* might be injur$4 ,x may %r9k f actual pa9 or discom=t1 b x does n ,,look ,,=w>d--:i* is ( ! ess5ce ( fe>--to pa9 9 ! future4 ,fe> & self-consci\sness are closely int]l9k$4 ,simil>ly ) animals1 we (t5 wond] h[ a horse or a c[ c endure to /& out 9 a field all night1 expos$ to cold & ra91 9 ! le?>gic pati5t way t !y exhibit4 ,x is n t !y d n ,,feel ! discom=t1 b x is t !y d n envisage ,,!mselves z endur+ ?is pa9 & suff]+ = all ^? com+ h\rs2 & z we "k ) ourselves t n9e-t5?s ( our mis]ies really consi/ 9 look+ =w>d to future mis]ies1 s we und]/& t ! abs5ce or at any rate slight preval5ce ( self-consci\sness 9 animals enables !m to endure =ms ( di/ress :i* w\ld drive u mad4 ,9 "t !n ! babe arrives at self-consci\sness2 &1 z "o might expect1 ! gr[+ boy or girl (t5 becomes int5sely aw>e ( ,self4 ,8 or h] self-consci\sness is crude1 no d\bt1 b x has v little misgiv+4 ,if ! "q ( ! nature ( ! ,self is prop\nd$ to ! boy z a problem he has no difficulty 9 solv+ x4 ,he says ,i "k well en\gh :o ,i am3 ,i am ! boy ) r$ hair :at gave ,jimmy ,br[n su* a jolly good lick+ la/ ,monday week4 ,he kn[s well en\gh--or ?9ks he kn[s--:o he is4 ,& at a lat] age1 ?\gh 8 def9ition may *ange & he may describe himself *iefly z a good cricket] or successful 9 c]ta9 exam9ations1 8 me?od is practically ! same4 ,he fixes 8 m9d on a c]ta9 bundle ( qualities & capacities :i* he is suppos$ to possess1 & calls t bundle ,himself4 ,& 9 a m elaborate way we mo/ ( u1 ,i imag9e1 d ! same4 ,pres5tly1 h[ev]1 ) m c>eful ?\ght1 we beg9 to see difficulties 9 ?is view4 ,i see t directly ,i ?9k ( myself z a c]ta9 bundle ( qualities--& = t matt] x is ( no acc\nt :e!r ! qualities are good or bad1 or 9 :at sort ( *>m+ confusion !y are mix$--,i see at once t ,i am m]ely look+ at a bundle ( qualities3 & t ! real ,i1 ! ,self1 is n t bundle1 b is ! be+ ,,inspect+ ! same--some?+ beyond & beh9d1 z x 74 ,s ,i n[ conc5trate my ?\ghts ^u t inn] ,some?+1 9 ord] to f9d out :at x really is4 ,i imag9e p]haps an inn] be+1 ( 'a/ral' or e!real nature1 & possess+ a new range ( mu* f9] & m subtle qualities ?an ! body--a be+ inhabit+ ! body & p]ceiv+ ?r\gh its s5ses1 b q capable ( surviv+ ! t5em5t 9 :i* x dwells & ,i ?9k ( t z ! ,self4 ,b no soon] h ,i tak5 ?is /ep ?an ,i p]ceive t ,i am committ+ ! same mi/ake z be=e4 ,i am only contemplat+ a new image or picture1 & ,i /ill rema9 beyond & beh9d t :i* ,i contemplate4 ,no soon] d ,i turn my att5tion on ! subjective be+ ?an x becomes ,,objective1 & ! real subject retires into ! backgr\nd4 ,& s on indef9itely4 ,i am baffl$2 & unable to say positively :at ! ,self is4 ,mean:ile !re are p :o look ^u ! =ego+ speculations ab\t an int]ior ,self z m]ely unpractical4 ,be+ p]haps ( a m mat]iali/ic type ( m9d !y fix _! att5tion on ! body4 ,frankly !y try to def9e ! ,self by ! body & all t is connect$ !re)--t is by ! m5tal z well z corporeal qualities :i* exhibit !mselves 9 t connection2 & !y say1 ,at any rate ! ,self--:atev] x may be--is 9 "s way limit$ by ! body2 ea* p]son /udies ! int]e/ ( 8 body & ( ! feel+s1 emotions & m5tality directly associat$ ) x1 & y _c get beyond t2 x isn't 9 human nature to d s4 ,! ,self is limit$ by ?is corporeal ph5om5on & d\btless x p]i%es :5 ! body p]i%es4 ,b "h aga9 ! conclusion1 ?\gh speci\s at fir/1 soon appe>s to be q inadequate4 ,= ?\gh x is possibly true t a man1 if left alone 9 a ,rob9son ,crusoe life on a des]t isl&1 might ultimately subside into a m]e gratification ( 8 corporeal ne$s & ( ^? m5tal ne$s :i* 7 directly conc]n$ ) ! body1 yet we "k t su* a case w\ld by no means be repres5tative4 ,on ! contr>y we "k t va/ numb]s ( p sp5d _! lives 9 consid]+ o!r p1 & (t5 s f> z to sacrifice _! own bodily & m5tal com=t & well-be+4 ,! "m sp5ds h] life ?9k+ almo/ day & night ab\t h] babe & ! o!r *ildr5--sp5d+ all h] ?\ghts & ef=ts on !m4 ,y may call h] selfi% if y w1 b h] selfi%ness cle>ly ext5ds beyond h] p]sonal body & m9d1 & ext5ds to ! p]sonalities ( h] *ildr5 ar\nd h]2 h] body--if y insi/ on y\r def9ition--mu/ be held to include ! bodies ( all h] *ildr54 ,& aga91 ! husb& :o is toil+ = ! support ( ! family1 he is ?9k+ & work+ & toil+ & suff]+ = a 'self' :i* includes 8 wife & *ildr54 ,d y mean t ! :ole family is 8 body8 ,or a man belongs to "s society1 to a *ur* or to a social league ( "s k9d1 & 8 activities are l>gely rul$ by ! int]e/s ( ?is l>g] gr\p4 ,or he sacrifices 8 life--z _m h be5 do+ ( late--) extraord9>y brav]y & h]oism = ! sake ( ! nation to :i* he belongs4 ,mu/ we say !n t ! :ole nation is really a "p ( ! man's body8 ,or aga91 he gives 8 life & goes to ! /ake = 8 religion4 ,:e!r 8 religion is "r or wrong does n matt]1 ! po9t is t !re is t 9 him :i* c c>ry him f> beyond 8 local self & ! ord9>y in/9cts ( 8 physical organism1 to d$icate 8 life & p[]s to a some?+ ( f> wid] circumf]5ce & scope4 ,?us 9 ! ,,fir/ ( ^! two examples ( a se>* = ! nature ( ! ,self we are l$ ,,inw>ds f po9t to po9t1 into int]ior & ev] subtl] regions ( our be+1 & /ill 9 ! end are baffl$2 :ile 9 ! ,,second we are c>ri$ outw>ds into an ev] wid] & wid] circumf]5ce 9 our que/ ( ! ,ego1 & /ill feel t we h fail$ to rea* its ultimate nature4 ,we are driv5 9 fact by ^! two argum5ts to ! conclusion t t :i* we are seek+ is inde$ some?+ v va/--some?+ f> ext5d+ ar\nd1 yet also buri$ deep 9 ! hidd5 recesses ( our m9ds4 ,h[ f>1 h[ deep1 we d n "k4 ,we c only say t z f> z ! indications po9t ! true self is pr(\nd] & m f>-rea*+ ?an any?+ we h yet fa?om$4 ,9 ! ord9>y commonplace life we %r9k to ord9>y commonplace selves1 b x is "o ( ! bless+s ( great exp]i5ces1 ev5 ?\gh !y are tragic or pa9ful1 t !y ?r[ u out into t enorm\sly great] self to :i* we belong4 ,sometimes1 9 mom5ts ( inspiration1 ( int5se en?usiasm1 ( revelation1 su* z a man feels 9 ! mid/ ( a battle1 9 mom5ts ( love & d$ication to ano!r p]son1 & 9 mom5ts ( religi\s ec/asy1 an imm5se _w is op5$ up to ! a/oni%$ gaze ( ! inn] man1 :o sees disclos$ a self /ret*$ f> beyond any?+ he _h ev] imag9$4 ,we h all _h exp]i5ces m or less ( t k9d4 ,i h kn[n q a few p1 & mo/ ( y h kn[n "s1 :o at "s "t1 ev5 if only once 9 _! lives1 h exp]i5c$ su* an extraord9>y lift+ ( ! veil1 an op5+ out ( ! back ( _! m9ds z x 71 & h _h su* a vision ( ! _w1 t !y h nev] aft]w>ds =gott5 x4 ,!y h se5 into ! he>t ( creation1 & h p]ceiv$ _! union ) ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,!y h _h glimpses ( a /range immortality belong+ to !m1 a glimpse ( _! belong+ to a f> great] be+ ?an !y h ev] imag9$4 ,j once--& a man has nev] =gott5 x1 & ev5 if x has n recurr$ x has color$ all ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,n[1 ?is subject has be5 ?\ght ab\t--s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! _w1 ,i 0 go+ to say--b x has be5 ?\ght ab\t s9ce ! beg9n+s ( hi/ory4 ,"s ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago c]ta9 gr\ps (--,i h>dly l to call !m philosoph]s--b1 let u say1 p :o 7 m$itat+ & ?9k+ ^u ^! problems1 7 9 ! habit ( locat+ !mselves 9 ! =e/s ( ,nor!rn ,india2 & s*ools arose !re4 ,9 ! case ( ea* s*ool "s tea*] w5t into ! woods & collect$ gr\ps ( disciples ar\nd him1 :o liv$ !re 9 8 company & li/5$ to 8 words4 ,su* s*ools 7 =m$ 9 v consid]able numb]s1 & ! doctr9es ( ^! tea*]s 7 ga!r$ toge!r1 g5]ally by _! disciples1 9 notes1 :i* notes 7 br\ght toge!r into little pamphlets or tracts1 =m+ ! books :i* are call$ ! ',upani%ads' ( ! ,indian sages4 ,!y conta9 "s extraord9>y words ( wisdom1 "s ( :i* ,i want to br+ be=e y4 ,! conclusions arriv$ at 7 n s mu* :at we %\ld call philosophy 9 ! mod]n s5se4 ,!y 7 n s mu* ! result ( ! analysis ( ! m9d & ! foll[+ out ( concat5ations ( /rict argum5t2 b !y 7 fla%es ( intuition & exp]i5ce1 & all ?r\gh ! ',upani%ads' y f9d ^! extraord9>y fla%es emb$d$ 9 ! mid/ ( a great deal ( :at we %\ld call a r rubbi%y k9d ( argum5t1 & a good deal ( m]ely conv5tional ,brahmanical talk ( ^? days4 ,b ! p :o wrote & spoke ?us _h an intuition into ! he>t ( ?+s :i* ,i make bold to say v few p 9 mod]n life h4 ,^! ',upanisihads1' h[ev] v>i\s _! subject1 practically agree on "o po9t--9 ! def9ition ( ! self4 ,!y agree 9 say+3 t ! self ( ea* man is cont9u\s ) & 9 a s5se id5tical ) ! ,self ( ! univ]se4 ,n[ t seems an extraord9>y conclusion1 & "o :i* almo/ /agg]s ! mod]n m9d to conceive (4 ,b t is ! conclusion1 t is ! ?read :i* runs all ?r\gh ! ',upani%ads'--! id5tity ( ! self ( ea* individual ) ! self ( e o!r individual ?r\gh\t mank9d1 & ev5 ) ! selves ( ! animals & o!r creatures4 ,^? :o h read ! ,kh&ogya ,upani%ad rememb] h[ 9 t treatise ! fa!r in/ructs 8 son ,svetakeitu on ?is v subject--po9t+ him out 9 succession ! objects ( ,nature & on ea* occasion exhort+ him to realize 8 id5tity ) ! v ess5ce ( ! object--,tat twam asi1 ,,t ?\ art4 ,he calls ,svetaketu's att5tion to a tree4 ,:at is ! ,,ess5ce ( ! tree8 ,:5 !y h reject$ ! ext]nal *>act]i/ics--! leaves1 ! bran*es1 etc4--& agre$ t ! ,,sap is ! ess5ce1 !n ! fa!r says1 ,,tat ,,twam ,,asi--,,t ?\ art4 ,he gives 8 son a cry/al ( salt1 & asks him :at is ! ess5ce ( t4 ,! son is puzzl$4 ,cle>ly nei!r ! =m nor ! transp>5t quality are ess5tial4 ,! fa!r says1 ,put ! cry/al 9 wat]4 ,!n :5 x is melt$ he says1 ,:]e is ! cry/al8 ,! son replies1 ,i d n "k4 ,dip y\r f+] 9 ! b[l1 says ! fa!r1 & ta/e4 ,!n ,svetaketu dips "h & !re1 & ev]y:]e !re is a salt flavor4 ,!y agree t ,,t is ! ess5ce ( salt2 & ! fa!r says aga91 ,t,at twam asi4 ,i am ( c\rse nei!r def5d+ nor criticiz+ ! sci5tific attitude "h adopt$4 ,i am only po9t+ out t ?is psy*ological id5tification ( ! obs]v] ) ! object obs]v$ runs ?r\gh ! ,upani%ads1 & is ,i ?9k wor?y ( ! deepe/ consid]ation4 ,9 ! ',bhagavat ,gita1' :i* is a lat] book1 ! au?or speaks ( him ^: s\l is purifi$1 ^: self is ! ,self ( all creatures4 ,a phrase l t *all5ges opposition4 ,x is s bold1 s sweep+1 & s imm5se1 t we hesitate to give our adhesion to :at x implies4 ,b :at does x mean--^: s\l is purifi$8 ,i believe t x means ?is1 t ) mo/ ( u our s\ls are any?+ b clean or purifi$1 !y are by no means transp>5t1 s t all ! "t we are cont9ually deceiv+ ourselves & mak+ cl\ds betwe5 u & o!rs4 ,we are all ! "t grasp+ ?+s f o!r p1 &1 if n 9 words1 are m5tally boa/+ ourselves aga9/ o!rs1 try+ to ?9k ( our own sup]iority to ! re/ ( ! p ar\nd u4 ,sometimes we try to run our neighbors d[n a little1 j to %[ t !y are n q equal to our level4 ,we try to snat* f o!rs "s ?+s :i* belong to !m1 or take cr$it to ourselves = ?+s to :i* we are n fairly entitl$4 ,b all ! "t we are act+ s x is p]fectly obvi\s t we are weav+ veils betwe5 ourselves & o!rs4 ,y _c h deal+s ) ano!r p]son 9 a purely tru?ful way1 & be cont9ually try+ to *eat t p]son out ( money1 or out ( 8 good "n & reputation4 ,if y are do+ t1 h[ev] mu* 9 ! backgr\nd y may be do+ x1 y are n look+ ! p]son fairly 9 ! face--!re is a cl\d betwe5 y all ! "t4 ,s long z y\r s\l is n purifi$ f all ^! really absurd & ridicul\s little desires & sup]iorities & self-satisfactions1 :i* make up s mu* ( our lives1 j s long z t happ5s y d n & y _c see ! tru?4 ,b :5 x happ5s to a p]son1 z x does happ5 9 times ( great & deep & bitt] exp]i5ce2 :5 x happ5s t all ^! trump]y little objects ( life are swept away2 !n occasionally1 ) a/oni%m5t1 ! s\l sees t4 ,x is also ! s\l ( ! o!rs ar\nd4 ,ev5 if x does n become aw>e ( an absolute id5tity1 x p]ceives t !re is a deep relation%ip & communion betwe5 itself & o!rs1 & x comes to und]/& h[ x may really be true t to him ^: s\l is purifi$ ! self is lit]ally ! ,self ( all creatures4 ,ord9>y m5 & ^? :o g on m intellectual & less intuitional l9es w say t ^! ideas are really contr>y to human nature & to nature g5]ally4 ,yet ,i ?9k t ^? p :o say ?is 9 ! "n ( ,sci5ce are extremely unsci5tific1 because a v sup]ficial glance at nature reveals t ! v same ?+ is tak+ place ?r\gh\t nature4 ,consid] ! madrepores1 corall9es1 or sponges4 ,y f9d1 = in/ance1 t con/antly ! little self ( ! corall9e or sponge is function+ at ! end ( a /em & ca/+ =? its t5tacles into ! wat] to ga9 food & to brea! ! air out ( ! wat]4 ,t little animalcule !re1 :i* is liv+ 9 t way1 imag9es no d\bt t x is work+ all = itself1 & yet x is unit$ d[n ! /em at ^: extremity x /&s1 ) ! life ( ! :ole madrepore or sponge to :i* x belongs4 ,!re is ! common life ( ! :ole & ! individual life ( ea*1 & :ile ! little creature at ! end ( ! /em is ?9k+ 7if x is consci\s at all7 t its :ole en]gies are absorb$ 9 its own ma9t5ance1 x really is fe$+ ! common life ?r\gh ! /em to :i* x belongs1 & 9 its turn x is be+ f$ by t common life4 ,y h only to look at an ord9>y tree to see ! same ?+ go+ on4 ,ea* little leaf on a tree may v naturally h suffici5t consci\sness to believe t x is an entirely sep>ate be+ ma9ta9+ itself 9 ! sunlight & ! air1 )]+ away & dy+ :5 ! w9t] comes on--& !re is an end ( x4 ,x probably does n realize t all ! "t x is be+ support$ by ! sap :i* fl[s f ! trunk ( ! tree1 & t 9 its turn x is fe$+ ! tree1 too--t its self is ! self ( ! :ole tree4 ,if ! leaf c\ld really und]/& itself1 x w\ld see t its self 0 deeply1 intimately connect$1 practically "o ) ! life ( ! :ole tree4 ,!re=e1 ,i say t ?is ,indian view is n unsci5tific4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i am sure t x is ?or\ghly sci5tific4 ,let u take ano!r passage1 out ( ! ',svetasvat>a ,upani%ad1' :i*1 speak+ ( ! self says3 ,he is ! "o ,god1 hidd5 9 all creatures1 all p]vad+1 ! self )9 all1 wat*+ ov] all works1 %ad[+ all creatures1 ! witness1 ! p]ceiv]1 ! only "o free f qualities4 ,& n[ we c return to ! po9t :]e we left ! argum5t at ! beg9n+ ( ?is disc\rse4 ,we said1 y rememb]1 t ! ,self is c]ta9ly no m]e bundle ( qualities--t ! v nature ( ! m9d =bids u ?9k+ t4 ,= h[ev] f9e & subtle any quality or gr\p ( qualities may be1 we are irresi/ibly compell$ by ! nature ( ! m9d itself to look = ! ,self1 n 9 any quality or qualities1 b 9 ! be+ t ,,p]ceives ^? qualities4 ,! passage ,i h j quot$ says t be+ is ,! "o ,god1 hidd5 9 all creatures1 all p]vad+1 ! self )9 all444 ! witness1 ! p]ceiv]1 ! only "o free f qualities4 ,& ! m y ?9k ab\t x ! cle>] ,i ?9k y w see t ?is passage is correct--t !re c be only ,,"o witness1 ,,"o p]ceiv]1 & t is ! "o ,god hidd5 9 all creatures1 ,s>va ,sak%i1 ! ,univ]sal ,witness4 ,h y ev] _h t curi\s feel+1 n uncommon1 especially 9 mom5ts ( vivid exp]i5ce & emotion1 t !re 0 at ! back ( y\r m9d a witness1 wat*+ ev]y?+ t 0 go+ on1 yet too deep = y\r ord9>y ?\ght to grasp8 ,has x n occurr$ to y--9 a mom5t say ( great dang] :5 ! m9d 0 agitat$ to ! la/ degree by fe>s & anxieties--sudd5ly to become p]fectly calm & collect$1 to realize t ,,no?+ c h>m y1 t y are id5tifi$ ) "s great & univ]sal be+ lift$ f> ov] ?is mortal _w & unaffect$ by its /orms8 ,is x n obvi\s t ! real ,self ,,mu/ be some?+ ( ?is nature1 a be+ p]ceiv+ all1 b itself rema9+ unp]ceiv$8 ,= inde$ if x 7 p]ceiv$ x w\ld fall "u ! head ( "s def9able quality1 & s becom+ ! object ( ?\ght w\ld cease to be ! subject1 w\ld cease to be ! ,self4 ,! witness is & mu/ be free f qualities4 ,= s9ce x is capable ( p]ceiv+ ,,all qualities x mu/ obvi\sly n be itself imprison$ or ti$ 9 any quality--x mu/ ei!r be entirely )\t quality1 or if x h ! pot5tiality ( quality 9 x1 x mu/ h ! pot5tiality ( ,,e quality2 b 9 ei!r case x _c be 9 bondage to any quality1 & 9 ei!r case x w\ld appe> t !re c be only ,,"o su* ultimate ,witness 9 ! univ]se4 ,= if !re 7 two or m su* ,witnesses1 !n we %\ld be compell$ to suppose !m di/+ui%$ f "o ano!r by some?+1 & t some?+ c\ld only be a diff]5ce ( qualities1 :i* w\ld be contr>y to our conclusion t su* a ,witness _c be 9 bondage to any quality4 ,!re is !n ,i take x--z ! text 9 "q says--only "o ,witness1 "o ,self1 ?r\gh\t ! univ]se4 ,x is hidd5 9 all liv+ ?+s1 m5 & animals & plants2 x p]vades all creation4 ,9 e ?+ t has consci\sness x is ! ,self2 x wat*es ov] all op]ations1 x ov]%ad[s all creatures1 x moves 9 ! dep?s ( our he>ts1 ! p]ceiv]1 ! only be+ t is cognizant ( all & yet free f all4 ,once y really appropriate ?is tru?1 & assimilate x 9 ! dep?s ( y\r m9d1 a va/ *ange 7y c easily imag9e7 w take place )9 y4 ,! :ole _w w be trans=m$1 & e ?\ght & act ( :i* y are capable w take on a diff]5t color & complexion4 ,inde$ ! revolution w be s va/ t x w\ld be q impossible = me )9 ! limits ( ?is disc\rse to describe x4 ,i w1 h[ev]1 occupy ! re/ ( my "t 9 deal+ ) "s po9ts & conclusions1 & "s m5tal *anges :i* w fl[ p]fectly naturally f ?is axiomatic *ange tak+ place at ! v root ( life4 ,free f qualities4 ,we g5]ally pride ourselves a little on our qualities4 ,"s ( u ?9k a great deal ( our good qualities1 & "s ( u are r a%am$ ( our bad ones6 ,i w\ld say3 ,d n tr\ble v mu* ab\t all t4 ,:at good qualities y h--well y may be q sure !y d n really am\nt to mu*2 & :at bad qualities1 y may be sure !y are n v important6 ,d n make too mu* fuss ab\t ei!r4 ,d y see8 ,! ?+ is t y1 y y\rself1 are n ,,any ( y\r qualities--y are ! be+ t p]ceives !m4 ,! ?+ to see to is t !y %\ld n confuse y1 bamboozle y1 & hide y f ! k ( y\rself--t !y %\ld n be erect$ into a scre51 to hide y f o!rs1 or ! o!rs f y4 ,if y cease f runn+ aft] qualities1 !n aft] a little "t y\r s\l w become purifi$1 & y w ,,"k t y\r self is ! ,self ( all creatures2 & :5 y c feel t y w "k t ! o!r ?+s d n mu* matt]4 ,sometimes p are s awfully good t _! v goodness hides !m f o!r p4 ,!y really _c be on a level ) o!rs1 & !y feel t ! o!rs are f> bel[ !m4 ,consequ5tly _! 'selves' are bl9d$ or hidd5 by _! 'goodness4' ,x is a sad end to come to6 ,& sometimes x happ5s t v 'bad' p--j because !y are s bad--d n erect any scre5s or veils betwe5 !mselves & o!rs4 ,inde$ !y are only too glad if o!rs w recognize !m1 or if !y may be all[$ to recognize o!rs4 ,& s1 aft] all1 !y come ne>] ! tru? ?an ! v good p4 ,! ,self is free f qualities4 ,t ?+ :i* is s deep1 :i* belongs to all1 x ei!r--z ,i h already said--has ,,all qualities1 or x has none4 ,y1 to :om ,i am speak+ n[1 y\r qualities1 good & bad1 are all m9e4 ,i am p]fectly will+ to accept !m4 ,!y are all "r en\gh & 9 place--if "o c only f9d ! places = !m4 ,b ,i "k t 9 mo/ cases !y h got s confus$ & mix$ up t !y cause great conflict & pa9 9 ! s\ls t h>bor !m4 ,if y atta9 to kn[+ y\rself to be o!r ?an & sep>ate f ! qualities1 !n y w pass bel[ & beyond !m all4 ,y w be able to accept ,,all y\r qualities & h>monize !m1 & y\r s\l w be at peace4 ,y w be free f ! dom9ation ( qualities !n because y w "k t among all ! multitudes ( !m !re are none ( any importance6 ,if y %\ld happ5 "s day to rea* t /ate ( m9d 9 connection ) :i* ?is revelation comes1 !n y w f9d ! exp]i5ce a mo/ extraord9>y "o4 ,y w become consci\s t !re is no b>ri] 9 y\r pa?2 t ! way is op5 9 all directions2 t all m5 & wom5 belong to y1 are "p ( y4 ,y w feel t !re is a great op5 imm5se _w ar\nd1 :i* y _h nev] suspect$ be=e1 :i* belongs to y1 & ! ri*es ( :i* are all y\rs1 wait+ = y4 ,x may1 ( c\rse1 take c5turies & ?\s&s ( ye>s to realize ?is ?or\ghly1 b !re x is4 ,y are j at ! ?re%old1 peep+ 9 at ! door4 ,:at did ,%akespe>e say8 ,to ?9e own self be true1 & x mu/ foll[ z ! night ! day1 ?\ c'/ n !n be false to any man4 ,:at a pr(\nd bit ( philosophy 9 ?ree l9es6 ,i d\bt if any:]e ! basis ( all human life has be5 express$ m p]fectly & t]sely4 ,"o ( ! ,upani%ads 7! ,maitrayana-,brahmana7 says3 ,! happ9ess belong+ to a m9d1 :i* ?r\gh deep inw>dness 7#a7 7or und]/&+7 has be5 wa%$ clean & has ent]$ into ! ,self1 is a ?+ beyond ! p[] ( words to describe3 x c only be p]ceiv$ by an inn] faculty4 ,obs]ve ! conviction1 ! int5sity ) :i* ?is joy1 ?is happ9ess is describ$1 :i* comes to ^? ^: m9ds h be5 wa%$ clean 7f all ! silly trump]y s$im5t ( self-?\ght7 & h become transp>5t1 s t ! great univ]sal ,be+ resid+ !re 9 ! dep?s c be p]ceiv$4 ,:at sorr[ inde$1 :at1 grief1 c come to su* an "o :o has se5 ?is vision8 ,x is truly a ?+ beyond ! p[] ( words to describe3 x c only be ,,p]ceiv$--& t by an inn] faculty4 ,! ext]nal app>atus ( ?\ght is ( no use4 ,argum5t is ( no use4 ,b exp]i5ce & direct p]ception are possible2 & probably all ! exp]i5ces ( life & ( mank9d ?r\gh ! ages are gradually deep5+ our p[]s ( p]ception to t po9t :]e ! vision w at la/ rise ^u ! inw>d eye4 7#a7 ,! ^w 9 ! ,max ,mull] translation is m$itation4 ,b t is1 ,i ?9k1 a some:at mislead+ ^w4 ,x sugge/s to mo/ p ! turn+ inw>d ( ! ,,?9k+ faculty to grope & delve 9 ! int]ior ( ! m9d4 ,?is is j :at %\ld ,,n be done4 ,m$itation 9 ! prop] s5se %\ld mean ! inw>d deep5+ ( ,,feel+ & consci\sness till ! region ( ! univ]sal self is rea*$2 b ,,?\ght %\ld n int]f]e !re4 ,t %\ld be turn$ on outw>d ?+s to m\ld !m into expression ( ! inn] consci\sness4 ,ano!r text1 f ! ,brihad-,aranyaka ,upani%ad 7:i* ,i h already quot$ 9 ! pap] on ,re/71 says3 ,if a man wor%ip ! ,self only z 8 true /ate1 8 "w _c fail1 = :atev] he desires1 t he obta9s f ! ,self4 ,is t n magnific5t8 ,if y truly realize y\r id5tity & union ) ! great ,self :o inspires & in=ms ! _w1 !n obvi\sly :atev] y desire ! great ,self w9 desire1 & ! :ole _w w conspire to br+ x to y4 ,he make? ! w9ds 8 angels1 & ! flam+ fires 8 m9i/]s4 7,i ne$ n say t ,i am n ask+ y to try & id5tify y\rself ) ! great ,self univ]sal ,,9 ,,ord] to get ri*es1 opul5ce1 & o!r ?+s ( t k9d :i* y desire2 because 9 t que/ y w probably n succe$4 ,! ,great ,self is n su* a fool z to be tak5 9 9 t way4 ,x may be true--& x is true--t if ye seek ,,fir/ ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 all ^! ?+s %all be add$ unto y2 b y mu/ seek x fir/1 n second47 ,"h is a passage f ,t[>ds ,democracy3 ,z space spreads ev]y:]e1 & all ?+s move & *ange )9 x1 b x moves n nor *anges1 ,s ,i am ! space )9 ! s\l1 ( :i* ! space )\t is b ! similitude & m5tal image2 ,come/ ?\ to inhabit me1 ?\ ha/ ! entrance to all life--dea? %all no long] divide !e f :om ?\ love/4 ,i am ! ,sun t %9es ^u all creatures f )9--gaze/ ?\ ^u me1 ?\ %alt be fill$ ) joy et]nal4 ,yes1 ?is great sun is !re1 always %9+1 b mo/ ( ! "t x is hidd5 f u by ! cl\ds ( :i* ,i h spok51 & we fail to see x4 ,we compla9 ( be+ out 9 ! cold2 & 9 ! cold1 = ! "t be+1 no d\bt we are2 b our return to ! w>m? & ! light has n[ become possible4 ,?us at la/ ! ,ego1 ! mortal immortal self--disclos$ at fir/ 9 d>kness & fe> & ignorance 9 ! gr[+ babe--,,f9ds ,,its ,,true ,,id5tity4 ,= a long p]iod x is baffl$ 9 try+ to und]/& :at x is4 ,x goes ?r\gh a va/ exp]i5ce4 ,x is torm5t$ by ! s5se ( sep>ation & ali5ation--ali5ation f o!r p1 & p]secution by all ! great p[]s & =ces ( ! univ]se2 & x is pursu$ by a s5se ( its own doom4 ,its doom truly is irrevocable4 ,! h\r ( fulfilm5t approa*es1 ! veil lifts1 & ! s\l beholds at la/ ,,its ,,own ,,true ,,be+4 ,we are accu/om$ to ?9k ( ! ext]nal _w ar\nd u z a na/y tiresome old ?+ ( :i* all we c say = c]ta9 is t x works by a law ( cuss$ness--s t1 :i*ev] way we want to g1 t way seems always b>r$1 & we only bump aga9/ bl9d walls )\t mak+ any progress4 ,b t uncom=table /ate ( affairs arises f ourselves4 ,once we h pass$ a c]ta9 b>ri]1 :i* at pres5t looks s fr[n+ & impossible1 b :i* fades into no?+ imm$iately we h pass$ x--once we h f\nd ! op5 secret ( id5tity--!n ! way is inde$ op5 9 e direction4 ,! _w 9 :i* we live--! _w into :i* we are tumbl$ z *ildr5 at ! fir/ onset ( self-consci\sness--d5ies ?is great fact ( unity4 ,x is a _w 9 :i* ! pr9ciple ( sep>ation rules4 ,in/ead ( a common life & union ) ea* o!r1 ! contr>y pr9ciple 7especially 9 ! lat] civilizations7 has be5 ! "o recogniz$--& to su* an ext5t t always !re prevails ! obsession ( sep>ation1 & ! conviction t ea* p]son is an isolat$ unit4 ,! :ole ( our mod]n society has be5 f\nd$ on ?is delusive idea1 ,,:i* ,,is ,,false4 ,y g into ! m>kets1 & e man's h& is aga9/ ! o!rs--t is ! rul+ pr9ciple4 ,y g into ! ,law ,c\rts :]e ju/ice is1 or %\ld be1 adm9i/]$1 & y f9d t ! pr9ciple :i* d5ies unity is ! "o t prevails4 ,! crim9al 7^: actions h really be5 det]m9$ by ! society ar\nd him7 is ca/ out1 disackn[l$g$1 & condemn$ to fur!r isolation 9 a prison cell4 ',prop]ty' aga9 is ! pr9ciple :i* rules & det]m9es our mod]n civilization--namely t :i* is prop] to1 or c be appropriat$ by1 ea* p]son1 z ,,aga9/ ! o!rs4 ,9 ! moral _w ! doom ( sep>ation comes to u 9 ! %ape ( ! s5se ( s94 ,= s9 is sep>ation4 ,s9 is actually 7& t is its only real mean+7 ! sep>ation f o!rs1 & ! non-ackn[l$gm5t ( unity4 ,& s x has come ab\t t dur+ all ?is civilization-p]iod ! s5se ( s9 has rul$ & rang$ to su* an extraord9>y degree4 ,society has be5 built on a false base1 n true to fact or life--& has _h a dim uneasy consci\sness ( its fals5ess4 ,mean:ile at ! he>t ( x all--& )9 all ! frantic ext]nal /rife & w>f>e--!re is all ! "t ?is real great life brood+4 ,! k+dom ( ,heav51 z we said be=e1 is /ill )94 ,! ^w ,democracy indicates some?+ ( ! k9d--! rule ( ! ,demos1 t is ( ! common life4 ,! com+ ( t w trans=m1 n only our ,m>kets & our ,law ,c\rts & our s5se ( ,prop]ty1 & o!r in/itutions1 into some?+ really great & glori\s in/ead ( ! dismal masses ( rubbi% :i* !y at pres5t are2 b x w trans=m our s5se ( ,morality4 ,our ,morality at pres5t consi/s 9 ! idea ( self-goodness--"o ( ! mo/ p]nici\s & disgu/+ ideas :i* has ev] infe/$ ! human bra94 ,if any "o %\ld foll[ & assimilate :at ,i h j said ab\t ! true nature ( ! ,self he w realize t x w nev] aga9 be possible = him to congratulate himself on 8 own goodness or morality or sup]iority2 = ! mom5t he does s he w sep>ate himself f ! univ]sal life1 & proclaim ! s9 ( 8 own sep>ation4 ,i agree t ?is conclusion is = "s p a mo/ sad & di%e>t5+ "o--b x _c be help$6 ,a man may truly be 'good' & 'moral' 9 "s real s5se2 b only on ! condition t he is n aw>e ( x4 ,he c only ,,be good :5 n ?9k+ ab\t ! matt]2 to be consci\s ( "o's own goodness is already to h fall56 ,we began by ?9k+ ( ! self z j a little local self2 !n we ext5d$ x to ! family1 ! cause1 ! nation--ev] to a l>g] & va/] be+4 ,at la/ !re comes a "t :5 we recognize--or see t we ,,%all h to recognize--an inn] ,equality betwe5 ourselves & all o!rs2 n ( c\rse an ext]nal equality--= t w\ld be absurd & impossible--b an inn] & pr(\nd & univ]sal ,equality4 ,& s we come aga9 to ! my/ic root-conception ( ,democracy4 ,& n[ x w be said3 ,b aft] all ?is talk y h n def9$ ! ,self1 or giv5 u any intellectual outl9e ( :at y mean by ! ^w4 ,no--& ,i d n int5d to4 ,if ,i c\ld1 by any sort ( copybook def9ition1 describe & %[ ! b\nd>ies ( myself1 ,i %\ld obvi\sly lose all int]e/ 9 ! subject4 ,no?+ m dull c\ld be imag9$4 ,i may be able to def9e & describe fairly exhau/ively ?is inkpot on ! table2 b = y or = me to give ! limits & b\nd>ies ( ourselves is1 ,i am glad to say1 impossible4 ,t does n1 h[ev]1 mean t we _c ,,feel & be ,,consci\s ( ourselves1 & ( our relations to o!r selves1 & to ! great ,:ole4 ,on ! contr>y ,i ?9k x is cle> t ! m vividly we feel our organic unity ) ! :ole1 ! less %all we be able to sep>ate (f ! local self & enclose x )9 any def9ition4 ,i take x t we c & d become ev] m vividly consci\s ( our true ,self1 b t ! m5tal /atem5t ( x always does & probably always w lie beyond u4 ,all life & all our action & exp]i5ce consi/ 9 ! gradual manife/ation ( t :i* is )9 u--( our inn] be+4 ,9 t s5se--& read+ its h&writ+ on ! out] _w--we come to "k ! s\l's true nature m & m intimately2 we ent] into ! m9d ( t great arti/ :o beholds himself 9 8 own creation4