,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,acc5t$ *>act]s ) macrons are m>k$ 9 ?is file z x1 :ile ^? ) inf]ior dots are m>k$ z x44 ,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,morality ,,by ,,annie ,,besant ,,au?or ,,( ,my/icism1 ,! ,imm$iate ,future1 ,initiation3 ,! ,p]fect+ ( ,man1 ,sup]human ,m51 etc4 etc4 ,,!osophical ,,publi%+ ,,h\se ,,ady>1 ,,madras1 ,,india #aiae 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,,revelation ,,ii4 ,,intuition ,,iii4 ,,utility ,,iv4 ,,evolution ,v4 ,,my/icism 99 99 99 99 99 ,i ,,revelation ,mu/ religion & morals g toge!r8 ,c "o be taught )\t ! o!r8 ,x is a practical "q = educationi/s1 & ,france tri$ to answ] x 9 ! dre>ie/ little cut & dry k9d ( cate*ism ev] giv5 to boys to make !m long to be wick$4 ,b ap>t f education1 ! "q ( ! b$rock on :i* morals re/1 ! f\ndation on :i* a moral edifice c be built t w /& secure aga9/ ! /orms ( life--t is a "q ( p]5nial int]e/1 & x mu/ be answ]$ by ea* ( u1 if we w\ld h a te/ ( ,"r & ,wrong1 w\ld "k :y ,"r is ,"r1 :y ,wrong is ,wrong4 ,religions bas$ on ,revelation f9d 9 ,revelation _! basis = morality1 & = !m t is ,"r :i* ! ,giv] ( ! ,revelation comm&s1 & t is ,wrong :i* ,he =bids4 ,"r is ,"r because ,god1 or a ,r4s4hi or a ,prophet1 comm&s x1 & ,"r re/s on ! ,w ( a ,lawgiv]1 au?oritatively reveal$ 9 a ,scripture4 ,n[ all ,revelation has two great disadvantages z a basis = morality4 ,x is fix$1 & !re=e unprogressive2 :ile man evolves1 & at a lat] /age ( 8 gr[?1 ! morality taught 9 ! ,revelation becomes ar*aic & unsuitable4 ,a writt5 book _c *ange1 & _m ?+s 9 ! ,bibles ( ,religion come to be out ( date1 inappropriate to new circum/ances1 & ev5 %ock+ to an age 9 :i* consci5ce has become m enlight5$ ?an x 0 ( old4 ,! fact t 9 ! same ,revelation z t 9 :i* palpably immoral comm&s appe>1 !re occur also jewels ( faire/ radiance1 gems ( poetry1 pe>ls ( tru?1 helps u n at all4 ,if moral tea*+s wor?y only ( savages occur 9 ,scriptures conta9+ also r>e & preci\s precepts ( pure/ sweetness1 ! juxtaposition ( light & d>kness only produces moral *aos4 ,we _c "h appeal to reason or judgm5t = bo? mu/ be sil5t be=e au?ority2 bo? re/ on ! same gr\nd4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l precludes all argum5t4 ,let u take two widely accept$ ,scriptures1 bo? reg>d$ z au?oritative by ! respective religions :i* accept !m z com+ f a ,div9e ,preceptor or ?r\gh a human b illum9at$ be+1 ,moses 9 ! "o case1 ,manu 9 ! o!r4 ,i am1 ( c\rse1 well aw>e t 9 bo? cases we h to d ) books :i* may conta9 traditions ( _! great au?ors1 ev5 s5t5ces transmitt$ d[n ! c5turies4 ,! unravell+ ( ! tangl$ ?reads wov5 into su* books is a "w ne$+ ! highe/ s*ol>%ip & an inf9ite pati5ce2 few ( u are equipp$ = su* lab\r4 ,b let u ignore ! "w ( ! ,high] ,criticism1 & take ! books z !y /&1 & ! objection rais$ to !m z a basis = morality w at once appe>4 ,?us we read 9 ! same book3 ,?\ %alt n av5ge1 nor be> any grudge aga9/ ! *ildr5 ( ?y p1 b ?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4 ,! /rang] t dwelle? ) y %all be unto y z "o born among y1 & ?\ %alt love him z ?yself1 = ye 7 /rang]s 9 ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,sanctify y\rselves !re=e & be ye holy4 ,scores ( noble passages1 inculcat+ high morality1 might be quot$4 ,b we h also3 ,if ?y bro!r1 ! son ( ?y "m1 or ?y son1 or ?y daught]1 or ! wife ( ?y bosom1 or ?y fri5d :i* is z ?9e own s\l1 entice !e secretly say+1 let u g & s]ve o!r ,gods 444 ?\ %alt n cons5t unto him nor he>k5 unto him2 nei!r %alt ?9e eye pity him1 nei!r %alt ?\ sp>e1 nei!r %alt ?\ conceal him1 b ?\ %alt surely kill him2 ?9e h& %all be fir/ ^u him to put him to dea?4 ,?\ %alt n suff] a wit* to live4 ,a man is told1 t he may seize a fair woman 9 w>1 & be h] husb& & %e %all be ?y wife4 ,& x %all be t if ?\ ha/ no delight 9 h]1 !n ?\ %alt let h] g :i!r %e w4 ,^! tea*+s & _m o!rs l !m h dr5*$ ,europe ) blood & scor*$ x ) fire4 ,m5 h gr[n out ( !m2 !y no long] he$ nor obey !m1 = man's reason p]=ms its eclectic "w on ,revelation1 *ooses ! good1 rejects ! evil4 ,?is is v good1 b x de/roys ,revelation z a basis4 ,*ri/ians h outgr[n ! l[] "p ( _! ,revelation1 & d n realise t 9 /riv+ to expla9 x away !y put ! axe to ! root ( its au?ority4 ,s also is x ) ! ,in/itutes ( ,manu1 to take b "o example f ! great sacr$ lit]ature ( ,india4 ,!re are precepts ( ! noble/ ord]1 & ! ess5ce & relative nature ( morality is philosophically set out2 ! sacr$ law is ?us gr\nd$ on ! rule ( conduct1 & ,he decl>es t good conduct is ! root ( fur!r gr[? 9 spirituality4 ,ap>t f que/ions ( g5]al morality1 to :i* we %all ne$ to ref] h]eaft]1 let u take ! v>y+ views ( wom5 z laid d[n 9 ! pres5t ,smr4t4i z accept$4 ,on _m po9ts !re is no wis] guide ?an p>ts ( ?is ,smr4t4i1 z w be se5 9 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,) reg>d to ! m>riage law1 ,manu says3 ,let mutual fidelity cont9ue unto dea?4 ,( a fa!r ,he decl>es3 ,no fa!r :o kn[s mu/ take ev5 ! smalle/ gratuity = 8 daught]2 = a man1 :o ?r\gh av>ice takes a gratuity1 is a sell] ( 8 (fspr+4 ,( ! home1 ,he says3 ,wom5 mu/ be hon\r$ & adorn$ by _! fa!rs1 husb&s1 bro!rs & bro!rs-9-law :o desire happ9ess4 ,:]e wom5 are hon\r$1 !re ! ,d4evas are pleas$2 b :]e !y are n hon\r$1 any sacr$ rite is fruitless4 ,9 t family :]e ! husb& is pleas$ ) 8 wife & ! wife ) h] husb& note ! equality1 happ9ess w assur$ly be la/+4 ,food is to be giv5 fir/ 9 a h\se to newly-m>ri$ wom51 to infants1 to ! sick1 & to pregnant wom54 ,yet ! same ,manu is suppos$ to h tak5 ! l[e/ & co>se/ view ( wom53 ,x is ! nature ( wom5 to s$uce m52 = t reason ! wise are nev] ungu>d$ ) females 444 ,"o %\ld n sit 9 a lonely place ) "o's "m1 si/] or daught]2 = ! s5ses are p[]ful1 & ma/] ev5 a le>n$ man4 ,a woman mu/ nev] act indep5d5tly1 ev5 9 h] own h\se1 %e mu/ be subject to fa!r1 husb& or 7on h] husb&'s dea?7 sons4 ,wom5 h allott$ to !m z qualities1 impure desires1 wra?1 di%one/y1 malice & bad conduct4 ,! ,%ud4ra s]vant is to be reg>d$ z a y\ng] son2 a slave is to be look$ on z "o's %ad[1 & if a man is (f5d$ by him he mu/ be> x )\t res5tm5t2 yet ! mo/ gha/ly puni%m5ts are ord]$ to be inflict$ on ,%ud4ras = intrud+ on c]ta9 sacr$ rites4 ,! net result is t anci5t ,revelations1 be+ giv5 = a c]ta9 age & c]ta9 social conditions1 (t5 _c & ought n to be c>ri$ out 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ,society2 t anci5t docum5ts are difficult to v]ify--(t5 impossible--z com+ f ^? ^: names !y be>2 t !re is no gu>antee aga9/ =g]ies1 int]polations1 glosses1 becom+ "p ( ! text1 ) a score ( o!r imp]fections2 t !y conta9 contradictions1 & (t5 absurdities1 to say no?+ ( immoralities4 ,ultimately e ,revelation mu/ be br\ght to ! b> ( reason1 & z a matt] ( fact1 is s br\ght 9 practice1 ev5 ! mo/ or?odox ,brahman4a 9 ,h9d4uism1 disreg>d+ all ! ,%ast4raic injunctions :i* he f9ds to be impracticable or ev5 inconv5i5t1 :ile he uses ^? :i* suit him to condemn 8 unor?odox neighb\rs4 ,no ,revelation is accept$ z fully b9d+ 9 any anci5t religion1 b by common cons5t ! inconv5i5t p>ts are quietly dropp$1 & ! evil p>ts repudiat$4 ,revelation z a basis = morality is impossible4 ,b all sacr$ books conta9 mu* t is pure1 l(ty1 inspir+1 belong+ to ! highe/ morality1 ! true utt]ances ( ! ,sages & ,sa9ts ( mank9d4 ,^! precepts w be reg>d$ ) rev]5ce by ! wise1 & %\ld be us$ z au?oritative tea*+ = ! "y & ! un9/ruct$ z moral textbooks1 l--textbooks 9 o!r sci5ces--& z conta9+ moral tru?s1 "s ( :i* c be v]ifi$ by all morally advanc$ p]sons1 & o!rs v]ifiable only by ^? :o rea* ! level ( ! orig9al tea*]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ii ,,intuition ,:5 s*ol>%ip1 reason & consci5ce h made impossible ! acceptance ( ,revelation z ! b$rock ( morality1 ! /ud5t--especially 9 ! ,we/--is apt next to te/ ,intuition z a probable basis = e?ics4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 ?is idea has n appeal$ to ! ?9k] 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w ,intuition is us$ 9 ! ,we/4 ,! morali/ 9 ! ,ea/ has bas$ e?ics on ,revelation1 or on ,evolution1 or on ,illum9ation--! la/ be+ ! basis ( ! ,my/ic4 ,intuition--:i* by morali/s l ,!odore ,p>k]1 ,frances ,p[] ,cobb1 & _m ,!i/s1 is spok5 ( z ! ,voice ( ,god 9 ! human s\l--is id5tifi$ by ^! ) consci5ce1 s t to base morality on ,intuition is equival5t to bas+ x on consci5ce1 & mak+ ! dictate ( consci5ce ! categorical imp]ative1 ! inn] voice :i* decl>es au?oritatively ,?\ %alt1 or ,?\ %alt n4 ,n[ x is true t = ea* individual !re is no bett]1 no saf]1 guide ?an 8 own consci5ce & t :5 ! morali/ says to ! inquir]3 ,obey y\r consci5ce he is giv+ him s\nd e?ical advice4 ,none ! less is ! ?9k] fac$ ) an app>5tly insup]able difficulty 9 ! way ( accept+ consci5ce z an e?ical basis2 = he f9ds ! voice ( consci5ce v>y+ ) civilisation1 education1 race1 religion1 traditions1 cu/oms1 & if x be1 inde$1 ! voice ( ,god 9 man1 he _c b see--9 a s5se q diff]5t f t int5d$ by ! writ]--t ,god 9 div]s mann]s spoke 9 pa/ times4 ,moreov] he obs]ves1 z an hi/orical fact1 t "s ( ! wor/ crimes :i* h disgrac$ humanity h be5 done 9 ob$i5ce to ! voice ( consci5ce4 ,x is q cle> t ,cromwell at ,drogh$a 0 obey+ consci5ce1 0 do+ t :i* he consci5ti\sly believ$ to be ! ,w ( ,god2 & !re is no reason to d\bt t a man l ,torquemada 0 also c>ry+ out :at he consci5ti\sly believ$ to be ! ,div9e ,w 9 ! w> :i* he wag$ aga9/ h]esy ?r\gh ! ,inquisition4 ,9 ?is moral *aos1 ) su* a cla% ( discordant ,div9e ,voices1 :]e %all sure guidance be f\nd8 ,"o recalls ! bitt] gibe ( ,laud to ! ,puritan1 :o urg$ t he mu/ foll[ 8 consci5ce3 ,yea1 v]ily2 b take he$ t ?y consci5ce be n ! consci5ce ( a fool4 ,consci5ce speaks ) au?ority1 :5ev] x speaks at all4 ,its voice is imp]ial1 /rong & cle>4 ,none ! less is x (t5 un9=m$1 mi/ak51 9 its dictate4 ,!re is an ,intuition :i* is v]ily ! voice ( ! ,_s 9 man1 9 ! ,god-illum9at$ man1 :i* is dealt ) 9 ! fif? *apt]4 ,b ! ,intuition recognis$ 9 ! ,we/1 & id5tifi$ ) consci5ce1 is some?+ f> o!r4 ,= ! sake ( cl>ity1 we mu/ def9e :at consci5ce is s9ce we h said :at x is n3 t x is n ! voice ( ! ,_s 9 man1 t x is n ! voice ( ,god4 ,consci5ce is ! result ( ! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ga9$ by ea* man 9 8 previ\s lives4 ,ea* ( u is an ,immortal ,_s1 a ,div9e fragm5t1 a ,self3 ,a fragm5t ( m9e own ,self1 trans=m$ 9 ! _w ( life into an immortal ,_s1 drawe? r\nd itself ! s5ses1 ( :i* ! m9d is ! six?1 veil$ 9 ,matt]4 ,su* is ea* man4 ,he evolves into manife/$ p[]s all ! pot5tialities unfold$ 9 him by virtue ( 8 div9e p>5tage1 & ?is is effect$ by repeat$ bir?s into ?is _w1 :]e9 he ga!rs exp]i5ce1 repeat$ dea?s out ( ?is _w into ! o!r twa9--! :eel ( bir?s & dea?s turns 9 ! ,t4riloka1 ! ?ree worlds--:]e9 he reaps 9 pa9 ! results ( exp]i5ces ga!r$ by disreg>d ( law1 & assimilates1 trans=m+ into faculty1 moral & m5tal1 ! results ( exp]i5ce ga!r$ 9 h>mony ) law4 ,hav+ transmut$ exp]i5ce into faculty1 he returns to e>? = ! ga!r+ ( new exp]i5ce1 dealt ) z be=e aft] physical dea?4 ,?us ! ,_s unfolds1 or ! man evolves--:i*ev] expression is pref]r$ to indicate ?is gr[?4 ,v simil>ly do? ! physical body gr[2 a man eats food2 dige/s x1 assimilates x1 transmutes x into ! mat]ials ( 8 body2 ill food causes pa91 ev5 disease2 good food /r5g!ns1 & makes = gr[?4 ,! out] is a reflection ( ! inn]4 ,n[ consci5ce is ! sum total ( ! exp]i5ces 9 pa/ lives :i* h borne sweet & bitt] fruit1 accord+ z !y 7 9 accord or disaccord ) surr\nd+ natural law4 ,?is sum total ( physical exp]i5ces1 :i* result 9 increas$ or dim9i%$ life1 we call in/9ct1 & x is life-pres]v+4 ,! sum total ( our int]wov5 m5tal & moral exp]i5ces1 9 our relations ) o!rs1 is moral in/9ct1 or consci5ce1 & x is h>monis+1 impels to good--a ^w :i* we %all def9e 9 our f\r? *apt]4 ,h5ce consci5ce dep5ds on ! exp]i5ces ?r\gh :i* we h pass$ 9 previ\s lives1 & is necess>ily an individual possession4 ,x diff]s :]e ! pa/ exp]i5ce is diff]5t1 z 9 ! savage & ! civilis$ man1 ! dolt & ! tal5t$1 ! fool & ! g5ius1 ! crim9al & ! sa9t4 ,! voice ( ,god w\ld speak alike 9 all2 ! exp]i5ce ( ! pa/ speaks diff]5tly 9 ea*4 ,h5ce also ! consci5ces ( m5 at a simil> evolution>y level speak alike on broad que/ions ( "r & wrong1 good & evil4 ,on ^! ! voice is cle>4 ,b !re are _m que/ions :]eon pa/ exp]i5ce fails u1 & !n consci5ce fails to speak4 ,we are 9 d\bt2 two app>5t duties conflict2 two ways seem equally "r or equally wrong4 ,i d n "k :at ,i ought to d1 says ! p]plex$ morali/1 he>+ no inn] voice4 ,9 su* cases1 we mu/ seek to =m ! be/ judgm5t we c1 & !n act boldly4 ,if unkn[+ly we disreg>d "s hidd5 law we %all suff]1 & t exp]i5ce w be add$ to our sum total1 & 9 simil> circum/ances 9 ! future1 consci5ce1 ?r\gh ! aid ( ?is add$ exp]i5ce1 w h f\nd a voice4 ,h5ce we may ev]1 hav+ judg$ z be/ we c1 act boldly1 & le>n increas$ wisdom f ! result4 ,mu* moral c[>dice1 p>alys+ action1 has result$ f ! ,*ri/ian idea ( s91 z some?+ t incurs ! wra? ( ,god1 & t ne$s to be =giv51 9 ord] to escape an artificial--n a natural--p5alty4 ,we ga9 k by exp]i5ce1 & disreg>d ( a law1 :]e x is n kn[n1 %\ld cause u no di/ress1 no remorse1 no rep5tance1 only a quiet m5tal note t we mu/ 9 future rememb] ! law :i* we disreg>d$ & make our conduct h>monise !re)4 ,:]e consci5ce does n speak1 h[ %all we act8 ,! way is well kn[n to all ?\ghtful p3 we fir/ try to elim9ate all p]sonal desire f ! consid]ation ( ! subject on :i* decision is ne$$1 s t ! m5tal atmosph]e may n be r5d]$ a di/ort+ m$ium by ! mi/s ( p]sonal pleasure or pa92 next1 we place be=e u all ! circum/ances1 giv+ ea* its due weight2 !n1 we decide2 ! next /ep dep5ds on :e!r we believe 9 ,high] ,p[]s or n2 if we d1 we sit d[n quietly & alone2 we place our decision be=e u2 we susp5d all ?\ght1 b rema9 m5tally al]t--all m5tal e>1 z x 72 we ask = help f ,god1 f our ,tea*]1 f our own ,high] ,self2 into t sil5ce comes ! decision4 ,we obey x1 )\t fur!r consid]ation1 & !n we wat* ! result1 & judge by t ( ! value ( ! decision1 = x may h come f ! high] or f ! l[] ,self4 ,b1 z we did our v be/1 we feel no tr\ble1 ev5 if ! decision %\ld be wrong & br+ u pa94 ,we h ga9$ an exp]i5ce1 & w d bett] next "t4 ,! tr\ble1 ! pa91 we h br\ght on ourselves by our ignorance1 we note1 z %[+ t we h disreg>d$ a law1 & we pr(it by ! additional k 9 ! future4 ,?us und]/&+ consci5ce1 we %all n take x z a basis ( morality1 b z our be/ available individual light4 ,we %all judge our consci5ce1 educate x1 evolve x by m5tal ef=t1 by c>eful obs]vation4 ,z we le>n m1 our consci5ce w develop2 z we act up to ! highe/ we c see1 our vision w become ev] cle>]1 & our e> m s5sitive4 ,z muscles develop by ex]cise1 s consci5ce develops by activity1 & z we use our lamp x burns ! m brightly4 ,b let x ev] be rememb]$ t x is a man's own exp]i5ce t mu/ guide him1 & 8 own consci5ce t mu/ decide4 ,to ov]rule ! consci5ce ( ano!r is to induce 9 him moral p>alysis1 & to seek to dom9ate ! w ( ano!r is a crime4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iii ,,utility ,to ^? ^: intellig5ce & consci5ce _h revolt$ aga9/ ! crude & immoral maxims mix$ up ) noble precepts 9 ,revelation2 to ^? :o recognis$ ! impossibility ( accept+ ! v>y+ voices ( ,intuition z a moral guide2 to all ^? ! !ory t ,morality 0 bas$ on ,utility1 came z a welcome & rational relief4 ,x promis$ a sci5tific c]titude to moral precepts2 x left ! intellect free to inquire & to *all5ge2 x ?rew man back on gr\nds :i* 7 f\nd 9 ?is _w alone1 & c\ld be te/$ by reason & exp]i5ce2 x d]iv$ no au?ority f antiquity1 no sanction f religion2 x /ood entirely on its own feet1 indep5d5tly ( ! _m conflict+ elem5ts :i* 7 f\nd 9 ! religions ( ! pa/ & pres5t4 ,! basis = morality1 accord+ to ,utility1 is ! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]2 t :i* conduces to ! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb] is ,"r2 t :i* does n is ,wrong4 ,?is g5]al maxim be+ laid d[n1 x rema9s = ! /ud5t to /udy hi/ory1 to analyse exp]i5ce1 & by a close & c>eful inve/igation into human nature & human relations to elaborate a moral code :i* w\ld br+ ab\t g5]al happ9ess & well-be+4 ,?is1 s f>1 has n be5 done4 ,utility has be5 a h&-to-m\? moral basis1 & c]ta9 r\gh rules ( conduct h gr[n up by exp]i5ce & ! necessities ( life1 )\t any def9ite inve/igation into1 or codify+ (1 exp]i5ce4 ,man's moral basis z a rule is a comp\nd ( p>tially accept$ revelations & p>tially admitt$ consci5ces1 ) a practical application ( ! pr9ciple ( t :i* works be/4 ,! majority are n philosoph]s1 & c>e little = a logical basis4 ,!y are unconsci\s empirics1 & _! morality is empirical4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,bradlaugh1 consid]+ t ! maxim did n suffici5tly gu>d ! int]e/s ( ! m9ority1 & t1 s f> z 0 possible1 ^! also %\ld be consid]$ & gu>d$1 add$ ano!r phrase2 8 basis ran3 ,! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]1 ) ! lea/ injury to any4 ,! rule 0 c]ta9ly improv$ by ! addition1 b x did n remove _m ( ! objections rais$4 ,x 0 urg$ by ! ,utilit>ian t morality _h develop$ out ( ! social side ( human be+s2 t m51 z social animals1 desir$ to live 9 p]man5t relations ) ea* o!r1 & t ?is result$ 9 ! =mation ( families2 m5 c\ld n be happy 9 solitude2 ! p]si/5ce ( ^! gr\ps1 amid ! conflict+ int]e/s ( ! individuals :o compos$ !m1 c\ld only be secur$ by recognis+ t ! int]e/s ( ! majority mu/ prevail1 & =m ! rule ( conduct = ! :ole family4 ,morality1 x 0 po9t$ out1 ?us began 9 family relations1 & conduct :i* disrupt$ ! family 0 wrong1 :ile t :i* /r5g!n$ & consolidat$ x 0 "r4 ,?us family morality 0 e/abli%$4 ,z families congregat$ toge!r = mutual protection & support1 _! sep>ate int]e/s z families 7 f\nd to be conflict+1 & s a modus viv5di 0 s\ght 9 ! same pr9ciple :i* gov]n$ relations )9 ! family3 ! common int]e/s ( ! gr\p$ families1 ! tribe1 mu/ prevail ov] ! sep>ate & conflict+ int]e/s ( ! sep>ate families2 t :i* disrupt$ ! tribe 0 wrong1 :ile t :i* /r5g!n$ & consolidat$ x 0 "r4 ,?us tribal morality 0 e/abli%$4 ,! next /ep 0 tak5 z tribes gr\p$ !mselves toge!r & became a nation1 & morality ext5d$ s z to include all :o 7 )9 ! nation2 t :i* disrupt$ ! nation 0 wrong1 & t :i* consolidat$ & /r5g!n$ x 0 "r4 ,?us national morality 0 e/abli%$4 ,fur!r ?an t1 utilit>ian morality has n progress$1 & int]national relations h n yet be5 moralis$2 !y rema9 9 ! savage /ate1 & recognise no moral law4 ,g]many has boldly accept$ ?is position1 & decl>es =mally t1 = ! ,/ate1 ,might is ,"r1 & t all :i* ! ,/ate c d = its own aggr&isem5t1 = ! increase ( its p[]1 x may & ought to d1 = !re is no rule ( conduct to :i* x owes ob$i5ce2 x is a law unto itself4 ,o!r nations h n =mul>is$ ! /atem5t 9 _! lit]ature z ,g]many has done1 b ! /rong nations h act$ ^u x 9 _! deal+s ) ! weak] nations1 al?\gh ! dawn+ s5se ( an int]national morality 9 ! bett] ( !m has l$ to ! def5ce ( int]national wrong by ! tyrant's plea1 necessity4 ,! mo/ flagrant in/ance ( ! utt] disreg>d ( "r & wrong z betwe5 nations1 is1 p]haps1 ! action ( ! alli$ ,european nations aga9/ ,*9a--9 :i* ! ,hun !ory ( frightfulness 0 enunciat$ by ! ,g]man ,kais]--b ! hi/ory ( nations s f> is a hi/ory ( cont9ual trampl+s on ! weak by ! /rong1 & ) ! com+ to ! front ( ! ,*ri/ian :ite nations1 & _! gr[? 9 sci5tific k & !reby 9 p[]1 ! col\r$ nations & tribes1 :e!r civilis$ or savage1 h be5 cont9ually exploit$ & oppress$4 ,int]national morality1 at pres5t1 does n exi/4 ,murd] )9 ! family1 ! tribe1 & ! nation is m>k$ z a crime1 save t judicial murd]1 capital puni%m5t1 is p]mitt$--on ! pr9ciple ( 7suppos$7 ,utility4 ,b multiple murd] outside ! nation--,w>--is n reg>d$ z crim9al1 nor is !ft wrong1 :5 committ$ by a /rong nation on a weak "o4 ,x may be t out ( ! widespread mis]y caus$ by ! pres5t ,w>1 "s int]national morality may be develop$4 ,we may admit t1 z a matt] ( hi/orical & pres5t fact1 ,utility has be5 ev]y:]e tacitly accept$ z ! basis ( morality1 defective z x is z a !ory4 ,utility is us$ z ! te/ ( ,revelation1 z ! te/ ( ,intuition1 & precepts ( ,manu1 ,z>a?u%tra1 ,moses1 ,*ri/1 ,muhammad1 are act$ on1 or disreg>d$1 accord+ z !y are consid]$ to be useful1 or h>mful1 or impracticable1 to be suitable or unsuitable to ! times4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 ^! matt]s d n tr\ble ! practical ord9>y man4 ,! *ief attack on ! !ory ( ,utility z a basis = morality has come f ,*ri/ians1 & has be5 effect$ by *all5g+ ! ^w happ9ess z ! equival5t ( pleasure1 ! greate/ numb] z equival5t to individual1 & !n d5\nc+ ! maxim z a morality = sw9e4 ,virtue is plac$ 9 antagonism to happ9ess1 & virtue1 n happ9ess1 is said to be ! "r aim = man4 ,?is really begs ! "q1 = :at is virtue8 ,! crux ( ! :ole matt] lies !re4 ,is virtue oppos$ to happ9ess1 or is x a means to happ9ess8 ,:y is ! ^w pleasure sub/itut$ = happ9ess :5 utility is attack$8 ,we may take ! second "q fir/4 ,pleasure1 9 ord9>y p>lance1 means an imm$iate & transitory =m ( happ9ess & usually a happ9ess ( ! body r ?an ( ! emotions & ! m9d4 ,h5ce ! sw9e4 ,a s5sual enjoym5t is a pleasure2 union ) ,god w\ld n be call$ a pleasure1 b happ9ess4 ,an old def9ition ( man's true object is3 ,to "k ,god1 & to enjoy ,him = ev]4 ,!re happ9ess is cle>ly made ! true end ( man4 ,! assailant *anges ! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb] into ! pleasure ( ! individual1 & hav+ creat$ ?is man ( /raw1 he triumphantly knocks x d[n4 ,does n virtue lead to happ9ess8 ,is x n a condition ( happ9ess8 ,h[ does ! ,*ri/ian def9e virtue8 ,x is ob$i5ce to ! ,w ( ,god4 ,b he only obeys t ,w z reveal$ s f> z x agrees ) ,utility4 ,he no long] slays ! h]etic1 & he suff]s ! wit* to live4 ,he does n give 8 cloak to ! ?ief :o has /ol5 8 coat1 b he h&s ov] ! ?ief to ! policeman4 ,moreov]1 z ,h]b]t ,sp5c] po9t$ out1 he foll[s virtue z lead+ to heav52 if "r conduct l$ him to ev]la/+ torture1 w\ld he /ill pursue x8 ,or w\ld he revise 8 idea ( "r conduct8 ,! m>tyr dies = ! tru? he sees1 because x is easi] to him to die ?an to betray tru?4 ,he c\ld n live on happily z a consci\s li>4 ,! nobility ( a man's "* is te/$ by ! ?+s :i* give him pleasure4 ,! joy 9 foll[+ tru?1 9 /riv+ aft] ! noble/ he c see--t is ! greate/ happ9ess2 to sacrifice pres5t enjoym5t = ! s]vice ( o!rs is n self-d5ial1 b self-expression1 to ! ,_s :o is man4 ,:]e ,utility fails is t x does n inspire1 save :]e ! spiritual life is already se5 to be ! highe/ happ9ess ( ! individual1 because x conduces to ! good ( all1 n only ( ! greate/ numb]4 ,m5 :o ?us feel h inspiration f )9 !mselves & ne$ no outside moral code1 no compell+ ext]nal law4 ,ord9>y m51 ! huge majority at ! pres5t /age ( evolution1 ne$ ei!r compulsion or inspiration1 o!rwise !y w n control _! animal nature1 !y w n sacrifice an imm$iate pleasure to a p]man5t increase ( happ9ess1 !y w n sacrifice p]sonal ga9 to ! common good4 ,! lea/ develop$ ( ^! are almo/ entirely influ5c$ by fe> ( p]sonal pa9 & wi% = p]sonal pleasure2 !y w n put _! h& into ! fire1 because !y "k t fire burns1 & no "o accuses !m ( a l[ motive because !y d n burn !mselves2 religion %[s !m t ! results ( ! disreg>d ( moral & m5tal law "w out 9 suff]+ aft] dea? z well z be=e x1 & t ! results ( ob$i5ce to su* laws simil>ly "w out 9 po/-mortem pleasure4 ,x ?us supplies a useful elem5t 9 ! e>ly /ages ( moral developm5t4 ,at a high] /age1 love ( ,god & ! wi% to please ,him by lead+ an exempl>y life is a motive (f]$ by religion1 & ?is inspires to purity & to self-sacrifice2 aga91 ?is is no m ignoble ?an ! wi% to please ! fa!r1 ! "m1 ! fri5d4 ,_m a lad keeps pure to please 8 "m1 because he loves h]4 ,s religi\s m5 try to live nobly to please ,god1 because !y love ,him4 ,at a high] /age yet1 ! good ( ! p1 ! good ( ! race1 ( humanity 9 ! future1 acts z a pot5t inspiration4 ,b ?is does n t\* ! selfi% l[] types4 ,h5ce ,utility fails z a compell+ p[] ) ! majority1 & is insuffici5t z motive4 ,add to ?is ! radical fault t x does n place morality on a univ]sal basis1 ! happ9ess ( all1 t x disreg>ds ! happ9ess ( ! m9ority1 & its unsatisfactory nature is se54 ,x has mu* ( tru? 9 x2 x ent]s z a det]m9+ factor into all sy/ems ( e?ics1 ev5 :]e nom9ally ignor$ or directly reject$2 x is a bett] basis 9 !ory1 ?\gh a worse "o 9 practice1 ?an ei!r ,revelation or ,intuition1 b x is incomplete4 ,we mu/ seek fur!r = a solid basis ( morality4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iv ,,evolution ,we come n[ to ! sure basis ( morality1 ! b$rock ( ,nature1 :]eon ,morality may be built beyond all %ak+ & *ange1 built z a ,sci5ce ) recognis$ laws1 & 9 a =m intelligible & capable ( indef9ite expansion4 ,evolution is recognis$ z ! me?od ( ,nature1 h] me?od 9 all h] realms1 & accord+ to ! asc]ta9$ laws ( ,nature1 s f> z !y are kn[n1 all wise & ?\ghtful p endeav\r to guide !mselves4 ,9 mak+ ,morality a ,sci5ce1 we give x a b9d+ =ce1 & r5d] x ( univ]sal application2 moreov]1 we incorporate into x all ! fragm5ts ( tru? :i* exi/ 9 o!r sy/ems1 & :i* h l5t to !m _! au?ority1 _! appeal to ! intellect & ! he>t4 ,let u fir/ def9e ,morality4 ,x is ! sci5ce ( human relations1 ! ,sci5ce ( ,conduct1 & its laws1 z inviolable1 z sure1 z *angeless1 z all o!r laws ( ,nature1 c be discov]$ & =mulat$4 ,h>mony ) ^! laws1 l h>mony ) all o!r natural laws1 is ! condition ( happ9ess1 = 9 a realm ( law none c move )\t pa9 :ile disreg>d+ law4 ,a law ( ,nature is ! /atem5t ( an inviolable & con/ant sequ5ce ext]nal to ourselves & un*angeable by our w1 & amid ! conditions ( ^! inviolable sequ5ces we live1 f ^! we _c escape4 ,"o *oice alone is ours3 to live 9 h>mony ) !m or to disreg>d !m2 violate !m we _c1 b we c da% ourselves aga9/ !m2 !n ! law ass]ts itself 9 ! suff]+ t results f our fl++ ourselves aga9/ x1 or f our disreg>d+ its exi/5ce2 its exi/5ce is prov$ z well by ! pa9 t results f our disreg>d ( x1 z by ! pleasure t results f our h>mony ) x4 ,only a fool delib]ately & gratuit\sly disreg>ds a natural law :5 he kn[s ( its exi/5ce2 a man %apes 8 conduct s z to avoid ! pa9 :i* results f cla%+ ) x1 unless he delib]ately disreg>ds ! pa9 9 view ( a result to be br\ght ab\t1 :i* he consid]s to be wor? m ?an ! pur*ase price ( pa94 ,! ,sci5ce ( ,morality1 ( ,"r ,conduct1 lays d[n ! conditions ( h>moni\s relations betwe5 individuals1 & _! sev]al environm5ts small or l>ge1 families1 societies1 nations1 humanity z a :ole4 ,only by ! k & obs]vance ( ^! laws c m5 be ei!r p]man5tly heal?y or p]man5tly happy1 c !y live 9 peace & prosp]ity4 ,:]e morality is unkn[n or disreg>d$1 friction inevitably arises1 di%>mony & pa9 result2 = ,nature is a settl$ ,ord] 9 ! m5tal & moral worlds z mu* z 9 ! physical1 & only by k ( t ,ord] & by ob$i5ce to x c h>mony1 heal? & happ9ess be secur$4 ,! religi\s man sees 9 ! laws ( ,nature ! manife/ation ( ! ,div9e ,nature1 & 9 ob$i5ce to & co-op]ation ) !m1 he sees ob$i5ce to & co-op]ation ) ! ,w ( ,god4 ,! non-religi\s man sees !m z sequ5ces he _c alt]1 on h>mony ) :i* 8 happ9ess1 8 com=t1 dep5ds4 ,9 ei!r case !y h a b9d+ =ce4 ,! man belong+ to any exot]ic religion w modify by !m ! precepts ( 8 ,scriptures1 realis+ t morality rises z ,evolution proce$s4 ,he does ?us modify scriptural precepts by practical ob$i5ce or disreg>d1 :e!r he d x by !ory or n4 ,b x is bett] t !ory & practice %\ld correspond4 ,! intuitioni/ w und]/& t consci5ce1 accumulat$ exp]i5ce1 has develop$ by exp]i5ce )9 ^! laws4 ,! utilit>ian w see t ! happ9ess ( all1 n only ( ! greate/ numb]1 mu/ be ensur$ by a true morality1 & w und]/& :y ,happ9ess is ! result !re(4 ,manu indicates ! v>i\s bases v significantly3 ,! :ole ,ved4a is ! s\rce ( ! ,sacr$ ,law ,revelation1 next ! tradition ,consci5ce & ! virtu\s conduct ( ^? :o "k ,utility1 also ! cu/oms ( holy m5 ,evolution & self-satisfaction ,my/icism 7ii1 #f474 ,x is true t happ9ess c result only by h>mony ) law1 h>mony ) ! ,div9e ,w :i* is embodi$ 9 law--we ne$ n qu>rel ov] names--& ! ,sci5ce ( ,"r ,conduct1 by e/abli%+ righte\sness br+s ab\t ,happ9ess4 ,x may !re=e be truly said t ! object ( ,morality is ,univ]sal ,happ9ess4 ,:y ! do+ ( a "r action causes a fl[ ( happ9ess 9 ! do]1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( a ke5 tempor>y pa9 entail$ by x1 we %all see "u ,my/icism4 ,! mom5t we base ,morality on ,evolution1 we see t x mu/ *ange ) ! /age ( evolution rea*$1 & t ! duty--t :i* ought to be done--( ! civilis$ & highly advanc$ man is n ! same z ! duty ( ! savage4 ,"o set ( duties = m5 9 ! ,kr4t4a age1 diff]5t ones 9 ! ,tret4a & 9 ! ,dvap>a1 & ano!r 9 ! ,kali4 7,manusmr4t4i1 i1 #he47 ,diff]5t ages br+ new duties4 ,b if ,morality be bas$ on ,evolution we c at once def9e :at is ,"r & :at is ,wrong4 ,t is ,"r :i* subs]ves ,evolution2 t is ,wrong :i* antagonises x4 ,or 9 o!r words1 = ^? ( u :o believe t ,god's me?od = ?is _w is ! evolution>y3 t is ,"r :i* co-op]ates ) ,8 ,w2 t is wrong :i* works aga9/ x4 ,revelation is an attempt to /ate ?is at any giv5 "t2 ,intuition is ! result ( successful attempts to d ?is2 ,utility is ! application ( obs]v$ results ( happ9ess & mis]y :i* fl[ f ob$i5ce to ?is1 or disreg>d !re(4 ,evolution is ! unfold+ & manife/ation ( life-en]gies1 ! unfold+ ( ! capacities ( consci\sness1 ! manife/ation ( ^! ev]-increas+ capacities 9 ev]-improv+ & m pla/ic =ms4 ,! prim>y tru? ( ,morality1 z ( ,religion & ( ,sci5ce1 is ! ,unity ( ,life4 ,"o ,life ev] unfold+ 9 endless v>ieties ( =ms2 ! ess5ce ( all be+s is ! same1 ! inequalities are ! m>ks ( ! /age ( its unfoldm5t4 ,:5 we base ,morality on ,evolution1 we _c h1 x is obvi\s1 "o cut & dry rule = all4 ,^? :o want cut & dry rules mu/ g to _! ,scriptures = !m1 & ev5 !n1 z ! rules 9 ! ,scriptures are contradictory--bo? z betwe5 ,scriptures & )9 any giv5 ,scripture--!y mu/ call 9 ! help ( ,intuition & ,utility 9 ! mak+ ( _! code1 9 _! selective process4 ,?is selective process w be l>gely m\ld$ by ! public op9ion ( _! c\ntry & age1 emphasis+ "s precepts & ignor+ o!rs1 & ! code w be ! expression ( ! av]age morality ( ! "t4 ,if ?is clumsy & unc]ta9 fa%ion ( f9d+ a rule ( conduct does n suit u1 we mu/ be will+ to ex]t our intellig5ce1 to take a l>ge view ( ! evolution>y process1 & to d$uce our moral precepts at any giv5 /age by apply+ our reason to ! scrut9y ( ?is process at t /age4 ,?is scrut9y is a labori\s "o2 b ,tru? is ! prize ( ef=t 9 ! se>* !re=1 x is n an une>n$ gift to ! slo?ful & ! c>eless4 ,?is l>ge view ( ! evolution>y process %[s u t x is be/ /udi$ 9 two great divisions3 ! fir/ f ! savage to ! highly civilis$ man :o is /ill work+ prim>ily = himself & 8 family1 /ill work+ = private ends pr$om9antly2 & ! second1 at pres5t b sp>sely foll[$1 9 :i* ! man1 realis+ ! supreme claim ( ! :ole ^u its "p1 seeks ! public good pr$om9antly1 r5\nces individual advantages & private ga9s1 & consecrates himself to ! s]vice ( ,god & ( man4 ,! ,h9du calls ! fir/ section ( evolution ! ,pravr4t4t4i ,marga1 ! ,pa? ( ,=?go+2 ! second ! ,nivr4t4t4i ,marga1 ! ,pa? ( ,return4 ,9 ! fir/1 ! man evolves by tak+2 9 ! second1 by giv+4 ,9 ! fir/1 he incurs debts2 9 ! second1 he pays !m4 ,9 ! fir/1 he acquires2 9 ! second1 he r5\nces4 ,9 ! fir/1 he lives = ! pr(it ( ! small] self2 9 ! second1 = ! s]vice ( ! ,"o ,self4 ,9 ! fir/1 he claims ,rights2 9 ! second1 he dis*>ges ,duties4 ,?us ,morality is se5 f two view-po9ts1 & ! virtues x comprises fall into two gr\ps4 ,m5 are surr\nd$ on e side by objects ( desire1 & ! use ( ^! is to evoke ! desire to possess !m1 to /imulate ex]tion1 to inspire ef=ts1 & ?us to make faculty1 capacity--/r5g?1 intellig5ce1 al]tness1 judgm5t1 p]sev]ance1 pati5ce1 =titude4 ,^? :o reg>d ! _w z ,god-emanat$ & ,god-guid$1 mu/ inevitably realise t ! relation ( man--susceptible to pleasure & pa9 by contact ) 8 environm5t--to 8 environm5t--fill$ ) pleasure & pa9-giv+ objects--mu/ be int5d$ to provoke 9 man ! desire to possess ! pleasure-giv+1 to avoid ! pa9-giv+4 ,9 fact1 ,god's lures to ex]tion are pleasures2 ,8 w>n+s are pa9s & ! int]play betwe5 man & environm5t causes evolution4 ,! man :o does n believe 9 ,god has only to sub/itute ! ^w ,nature = ,god & to leave out ! idea ( design1 & ! argum5t rema9s ! same3 man's relation to 8 environm5t provokes ex]tion1 & ?us evolution4 ,a man on ! ,pa? ( ,=?go+ w1 at fir/1 seize ev]y?+ he desires1 c>eless ( o!rs1 & w gradually le>n1 f ! attacks ( ! despoil$1 "s respect = ! rights ( o!rs2 ! lesson w be le>nt m quickly by ! tea*+ ( m advanc$ m5--,r4s481 ,f\nd]s ( ,religions1 ,sages1 & ! l--:o tell him t if he kills1 robs1 tramples on o!rs1 he w suff]4 ,he does all ^! ?+s2 he suff]s2 he le>ns--8 po/-mortem lives help+ him mu* 9 ! le>n+4 ,lat] on1 he lives a m controll$ & regulat$ life1 & he may blamelessly enjoy ! objects ( desire1 provid$ he injure none 9 ! tak+4 ,h9d4uism lays d[n1 z ! prop] pursuits = ! h\sehold life1 ! ga9+ ( weal?1 ! p]=mance ( ! duties ( ! position held1 ! gratification ( desire4 ,! desires w become subtl] & m ref9$ z intellig5ce fa%ions !m & z emotions replace passions2 b ?r\gh\t ! tread+ ( ! ,pa? ( ,=?go+1 ! desire = fruit is ! necess>y & blameless motive = ex]tion4 ,)\t ?is1 ! man at ?is /age ( evolution becomes le?>gic & does n evolve4 ,desire subs]ves ,evolution1 & x is ,"r4 ,! gratification ( ,desire may lead a man to d injury to o!rs1 & z soon z he has develop$ en\gh to und]/& ?is1 !n ! gratification becomes wrong1 because1 =gett+ ! ,unity1 he has inflict$ h>m on "o :o %>es life ) him1 & has ?us hamp]$ evolution4 ,! s5se ( ,unity is ! root-,love1 ! ,unit]1 & ,love is ! expression ( ! attraction ( ! sep>at$ t[>ds union2 out ( ,love1 controll$ by reason & by ! desire = ! happ9ess ( all1 gr[ all ,virtues1 :i* are b p]man5t1 univ]sal1 specialis$ =ms ( love4 ,s also is ! s5se ( ,sep>at5ess ! root-,hate1 ! ,divid]1 ! expression ( ! repulsion ( ! sep>at$ f ea* o!r4 ,out ( ?is gr[ all ,vices1 ! p]man5t1 univ]sal1 specialis$ =ms ( ,hate4 ,t :i* ,love does = ! ,belov$1 t ,virtue does = all :o ne$ its aid1 s f> z its p[] ext5ds4 ,t :i* ,hate wreaks on ! ,abhorr$1 t ,vice does to all :o ob/ruct its pa?1 s f> z its p[] ext5ds4 ,virtues & ,vices are fix$ emotional /ates4 ,! ,virtues are fix$ ,love-emotions1 regulat$ & controll$ by enlight5$ intellig5ce see+ ! ,unity2 ! ,vices are fix$ ,hate-emotions1 /r5g!n$ & int5sifi$ by ! un5light5$ intellig5ce1 see+ ! sep>at5ess4 7,univ]sal ,text ,book1 ii1 #cb47 ,x is obvi\s t virtues are con/ructive & vices de/ructive1 = ,love holds toge!r1 :ile ,hate dis9tegrates4 ,yet ! modifi$ =m ( ,hate--antagonism1 competition--_h its "p to play 9 ! e>li] /ages ( human evolution1 develop+ /r5g?1 c\rage1 & endurance1 & :ile ,love built up ,nations )9 !mselves1 ,hate made ea* /rong aga9/ its competitor4 ,& )9 ,nations1 !re has be5 conflict ( classes1 class & ca/e w>1 & all ?is modifi$ & s(t5$ by a gr[+ s5se ( a common good1 until ,competition1 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! ,pa? ( ,=?go+ t5ds to *ange into ,co-op]ation1 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! ,pa? ( ,return4 ,! ,pa? ( ,=?go+ mu/ /ill be trodd5 by _m1 b ! numb] is decreas+2 m & m are turn+ t[>ds ! ,pa? ( ,return4 ,ideals are =mulat$ by ! lead]s ( ,humanity1 & ! ,ideals held up to-day are increas+ly ^? ( ,love & ( ,s]vice4 ,dur+ ! fir/ /age1 man grasps at ev]y?+ he desires & develops a /rong individuality by conflict2 9 ! second1 he %>es all he has1 & yokes t individuality to s]vice2 ev]-increas+ sep>ation is ! key-note ( ! "o2 ev]-increas+ unity is ! key-note ( ! o!r4 ,h5ce we ne$ n br& z evil ! r\gh aggression & ! fi]ce /ruggles ( b>b>\s times2 !y 7 a necess>y /age ( gr[? & 7 at t /age ,"r1 & 9 ! div9e plan4 ,b n[ ^? days are ov]1 /r5g? has be5 won2 ! "t has come :5 ! sep>at$ selves mu/ gradually draw toge!r1 & to co-op]ate ) ! div9e ,w :i* is work+ = union is ! ,"r4 ,! ,"r :i* is ! outcome ( ,love1 direct$ by reason1 at ! pres5t /age ( evolution1 !n1 seeks an ev]-increas+ realisation ( ,unity1 a draw+ toge!r ( ! sep>at$ selves4 ,t :i* by e/abli%+ h>moni\s relations makes = ,unity is ,"r2 t :i* divides & dis9tegrates1 :i* makes = sep>ation1 is ,wrong4 7ibid41 #aj1 #aa47 ,h9d4uism1 on :i* ! :ole ( ?is is bas$1 has add$ to ?is broad crit]ion ! division ( a life into f\r /ages1 to ea* ( :i* appropriate virtues are assign$3 ! ,/ud5t ,p]iod1 ) its virtues ( p]fect cont95ce1 indu/ry1 frugality1 ex]tion2 ! ,h\sehold ,p]iod1 ) its virtue ( duties appropriate to ! position1 ! e>n+ & enjoy+ ( weal?1 ! gratification ( desires2 ! ,retirem5t ,p]iod1 ) ! virtues ( ! r5\nc+ ( worldly ga9 & ( sacrifice2 ! ,ascetic ,p]iod1 ( complete r5unciation1 m$itation & prep>ation = po/-mortem life4 ,^! indications make m easy ! decisions z to ,"r & ,wrong4 ,! m we ?9k ^u & "w out into detail ?is view ( ,morality z bas$ on ,evolution1 ! m we realise its s\ndness1 & ! m we f9d t ! moral law is z discov]able by obs]vation1 by reason1 & by exp]im5t1 z any o!r law ( ,nature4 ,if a man disreg>ds x1 ei!r ignorantly or wilfully1 he suff]s4 ,a man may disreg>d physical hygi5ic & sanit>y laws because ( 8 ignorance2 none ! less w he suff] f physical disease4 ,a man may disreg>d moral laws because ( ignorance2 none ! less w he suff] f moral disease4 ,! sign ( disease 9 bo? cases is pa9 & unhapp9ess2 exp]ts 9 bo? cases w>n u1 & if we disreg>d ! w>n+1 we le>n its tru? lat] by exp]i5ce4 ,!re is no hurry2 b ! law is sure4 ,work+ ) ! law1 man evolves swiftly ) happ9ess2 work+ aga9/ x1 he evolves sl[ly ) pa94 ,9 ei!r case1 he evolves1 advanc+ joy\sly z a free man1 or sc\rg$ onw>ds z a slave4 ,! mo/ ob/9ate fool 9 life's class1 refus+ to le>n1 =tunately dies & _c q escape aft] dea? ! k ( 8 folly4 ,let ! read] try = himself ! solution ( moral problems1 accept+1 z a hypo!sis1 ! facts ( evolution & ( ! two halves ( its huge spiral1 & see = himself if ?is view does n (f] a rational1 intelligible1 practical mean+ to ! mu*-vex$ words1 ,"r & ,wrong4 ,let him see h[ x embraces all t is true 9 ! o!r bases sugge/$1 is _! summation1 & rationalises _! precepts4 ,he w f9d t ,morality is no long] dep5d5t on ! maxims ( great ,tea*]s--?\gh inde$ !y proclaim$ its *angeless laws--nor on ! imp]fect resultant ( individual exp]i5ces1 nor on ! happ9ess ( "s only ( ! great human family1 b t x inh]es 9 ! v nature ( ?+s1 an ess5tial law ( happy life & ord]$ progress4 ,!n inde$ is ,morality f\nd$ on a basis t _c be mov$2 !n inde$ c x speak ) an imp]ial au?ority ! ought t mu/ be obey$2 !n x unfolds its beauty z humanity evolves to its p]fect+1 & leads to ,bliss ,et]nal1 ! ,brahman ,bliss1 :]e ! human w1 9 fulle/ fre$om1 accords itself 9 h>mony ) ! div9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,v ,,my/icism ,my/icism _c be spok5 ( z a basis ( morality 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,revelation1 ,intuition1 ,utility & ,evolution are bases1 = x is valid only = ! individual1 n = ev]ybody1 = ! true ,my/ic1 ! dictates ( ! ,out] or ,inn] ,god are imp]ial1 compell+1 b to any "o else !y are entirely unau?oritative4 ,none ! less1 z ! influ5ce ( ! ,my/ic is wide-rea*+1 & 8 dicta are accept$ by _m z a tru/wor?y revelation--are n all revelations communicat$ by ,my/ics8--or z ! intuition ( an illum9at$ consci5ce1 or z %[+ ! highe/ utility1 or z ! result ( an evolution high] ?an ! normal1 x is wor? :ile to consid] _! value4 ,my/icism is ! realisation ( ,god1 ( ! ,univ]sal ,self4 ,x is atta9$ ei!r z a realisation ( ,god outside ! ,my/ic1 or )9 himself4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 x is usually rea*$ f )9 a religion1 by exceptionally int5se love & devotion1 accompani$ by purity ( life1 = only ! pure 9 he>t %all see ,god4 ,! ext]nal means are pray] to & m$itation on ! ,object ( devotion--,%ri ,rama1 ,%ri ,kr4s4hn4a1 ! ,"l ,jesus--long cont9u$ & p]sev]+1 & ! devotee realises 8 ,div9ity by ec/acy atta9+ ,union !reby4 ,su* ,my/ics are1 = ! mo/ "p1 valuable to ! _w z creat+ an atmosph]e ( spirituality1 :i* raises ! g5]al level ( religi\s feel+ 9 ^? :o come )9 its area2 ,india has especially pr(it$ by ! consid]able numb] ( su* ,my/ics f\nd )9 its bord]s 9 pa/ times1 & to a less] ext5t to-day2 e "o :o practises1 = in/ance1 m$itation1 kn[s t x is easi] "h ?an else:]e1 & all s5sitive p]sons feel ! ,indian atmosph]e4 ,outside ?is1 su* ,my/ics occasionally write valuable books1 conta9+ high ideals ( ! spiritual life4 ,z a rule1 !y d n conc]n !mselves ) ! affairs ( ! out] _w1 :i* !y reg>d z unimportant4 ,_! cry cont9ually is t ! _w is evil1 & !y call on m5 to leave x1 n to improve x4 ,to !m ,god & ! _w are 9 opposition1 ! _w1 ! fle%1 & ! devil are ! ?ree great enemies ( ! spiritual life4 ,9 ! ,we/1 ?is is almo/ univ]sal1 = 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* seclusion is ! m>k ( ! religi\s life1 & ! religi\s are ! monk & ! nun1 ! religi\s & ! secul> be+ 9 opposition4 ,9 tru?1 :]e ! realisation ( ,god outside himself is s\ght by ! devotee1 seclusion is a necessity = success1 if only = ! "t :i* is requir$ = m$itation1 ! ess5tial prelim9>y ( ec/acy4 ,9 ! v r>e ,my/ics ( non-,ca?olic communions1 full ec/acy is sc>cely1 if at all1 kn[n or ev5 recognis$2 an ov]p[]+ s5se ( ! div9e ,pres5ce is exp]i5c$1 b x is a ,pres5ce outside ! wor%ipp]2 x is accompani$ ) a delib]ate surr5d] ( ! w to ,god1 & a feel+ on ! "p ( ! man t he becomes an in/rum5t ( ! div9e ,w2 ?is he c>ries ) him into out] life1 &1 undirect$ by love & ! illum9at$ reason1 x (t5 l&s ! half-develop$ ,my/ic into fanaticism & cruelty2 no "o :o has read ,oliv] ,cromwell's lett]s c d5y t he 0 a ,my/ic1 half-develop$1 & x is on him t ,"l ,roseb]y f\nd$ 8 dictum ( ! =midable nature ( ! practical ,my/ic2 ! ev] pres5t s5se ( a div9e ,p[] beh9d himself gives su* a man a p[] t ord9>y m5 _c successfully oppose2 b ?is s5se af=ds no moral basis1 z1 witness ! massacre ( ,drogh$a4 ,su* a ,my/ic1 belong+ to a p>ticul> religion1 z he always does1 takes ! revelation ( 8 religion z 8 moral code1 & ,cromwell felt himself z ! av5g+ sword ( 8 ,god1 z did ! ,hebrews fight+ ) ! ,amalekites4 ,no man :o accepts a revelation z 8 guide c be reg>d$ z m ?an p>tially a ,my/ic4 ,he has ! ,my/ic temp]am5t only1 & t und\bt$ly gives him a /r5g? f> beyond ! /r5g? ( ^? :o h x n4 ,! true ,my/ic1 realis+ ,god1 has no ne$ ( any ,scriptures1 = he has t\*$ ! s\rce :5ce all ,scriptures fl[4 ,an enlight5$ ,brahman4a1 says ,%ri ,kr4s4hn4a1 has no m ne$ ( ! ,ved4z1 ?an a man ne$s a tank 9 a place :i* is ov]fl[+ ) wat]4 ,! value ( ci/]ns1 ( res]voirs1 is pa/1 :5 a man is seat$ beside an ev]-fl[+ spr+4 ,z ,dean ,+e has po9t$ out1 ,my/icism is ! mo/ sci5tific =m ( religion1 = x bases itself1 z does all sci5ce1 on exp]i5ce & exp]im5t--exp]im5t be+ only a specialis$ =m ( exp]i5ce1 devis$ ei!r to discov] or to v]ify4 ,we h se5 ! ,my/ic :o realises ,god outside himself & seeks ,union ) ,him4 ,!re rema9s ! mo/ int]e/+1 ! mo/ effective =m ( ,my/icism1 ! realisation by a man ( ,god )9 himself4 ,"h m$itation is also a necessity1 & ! man :o is born ) a high capacity = conc5tration is m]ely a man :o has practis$ x 9 previ\s lives4 ,a life or lives ( /udy & seclusion (t5 prec$e a life ( trem5d\s & su/a9$ activity 9 ! physical _w4 ,! realisation is prec$$ by control ( ! body1 control ( ! emotions & control ( ! m9d1 = ! p[] to hold ^! 9 complete /illness is necess>y1 if a man is to p5etrate into ^? dep?s ( 8 own nature 9 :i* alone is to be f\nd ! %r9e ( ! inn] ,god4 ,! subtle music ( t sph]e is dr[n$ by ! clatt] ( ! l[] bodies z ! mo/ exquisite notes ( ! ,vin4a are lo/ 9 ! crude h>% s\nd ( ! h>monium4 ,! ,voice ( ! ,sil5ce c only be he>d 9 ! sil5ce1 & all ! desires ( ! he>t mu/ be p>alys$ ere c arise 9 ! tranquillity ( s5ses & m9d1 ! glori\s maje/y ( ! ,self4 ,only 9 ! des]t ( lonel9ess rises t ,sun 9 all ,8 glory1 = all objects t might cl\d ,8 dawn+ mu/ vani%2 only :5 half-,gods g1 does ,god arise4 ,ev5 ! out] ,god mu/ hide1 ere ! ,inn] ,god c manife/2 ! cry ( agony ( ! ,crucifi$ mu/ be wrung f ! tortur$ lips2 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ,?\ =sak5 me8 prec$es ! realisation ( ! ,god )94 ,?r\gh ?is all ,my/ics pass :o are ne$$ = great s]vice 9 ! _w1 ^? :om ,mr4 ,bag%ot s acutely calls mat]ialis$ ,my/ics4 ,! ,my/ics :o f9d ,god outside !mselves are ! unmat]ialis$ ,my/ics1 & !y s]ve ! _w 9 ! ways above m5tion$2 b ! o!r1 z ,mr4 ,bag%ot po9ts out1 transmute _! my/ic ?\ght into practical en]gy1 & ^! become ! mo/ =midable p[]s kn[n 9 ! physical _w4 ,all t is bas$ on inju/ice1 fraud & wrong may well tremble :5 "o ( ^! arises1 = ! ,hidd5 ,god has become manife/1 & :o may b> ,8 way8 ,su* ,my/ics we> none ( ! out] signs ( ! religi\s--_! r5unciation is )91 n )\t1 !re is no p>ade ( out] hol9ess1 no out] sep>ation f ! _w2 ,janaka ! ,k+1 ,kr4s4hn4a ! ,w>rior-,/atesman1 are ( ^!2 clo!d 9 cotton clo? or clo? ( gold1 x matt]s n2 poor or ri*1 x boots n2 fail+ or succe$+1 x is naught1 = ea* app>5t failure is ! road to full] success1 & bo? are _! s]vants1 n _! ma/]s2 victory ev] att5ds !m1 to-day or a c5tury h5ce is equal1 = !y live 9 ,et]nity1 & ) !m x is ev] ,to-day4 ,possess+ no?+1 all is !irs2 hold+ ev]y?+1 no?+ belongs to !m4 ,misconception1 misrepres5tation1 !y meet ) a smile1 half-amus$1 all-=giv+2 ! fr[ns1 ! taunts1 ! sl&]s ( ! m5 !y live to s]ve are only ! pro(s ( h[ mu* ^! fooli% ones ne$ _! help1 & h[ %\ld ^! fooli% ones hurt ^? on :om ! ,peace ( ! ,et]nal abides8 ,^! ,my/ics are a law unto !mselves1 = ! inn] law has replac$ ! ext]nal compulsion4 ,m rigid1 = x is ! law ( _! own nature2 m compell+1 = x is ! ,voice ( ! div9e ,w2 m exact+1 = no pity1 no p>don1 is kn[n to x2 m all-embrac+1 = x sees ! "p only 9 ! :ole4 ,b x has1 x ought to h1 no au?ority outside ! ,my/ic himself4 ,x may p]suade1 x may w91 x may inspire1 b x may n claim ob$i5ce z ( "r4 ,= ! ,voice ( ! ,god )9 only becomes au?oritative = ano!r :5 ! ,god )9 t o!r self answ]s ! ,my/ic's appeal1 & he recognises an ideal t he c\ld n h =mulat$1 unaid$1 = himself4 ,! ,my/ic may %9e z a ,light1 b a man mu/ see ) 8 own eyes1 & !re lies ! _w's safety2 ! mat]ialis$ ,my/ic1 /rong z he is1 _c1 by virtue ( ! ,god )9 him1 enslave 8 fell[-m54 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,vasanta ,,press1 ,,ady>1 ,,madras