,,! ,,religions ,,( ,,japan ,,f ,,! ,,dawn ,,( ,,hi/ory ,,to ,,! ,,era ,,( ,,meiji ,,by ,,william ,,elliot ,,griffis1 ,d4,d4 ,,=m]ly ,,( ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,tokio2 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,mikado',s ,,empire ,,& ,,corea1 ,,! ,,h]mit ,,nation2 ,,late ,,lectur] ,,on ,,! ,,morse ,,f\ndation ,,9 ,,union ,,!ological ,,sem9>y ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,i came n to de/roy1 b to fulfil4--,,! ,,son ,,( ,,man ,,new ,,york ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons #ahie ,,copyright1 #ahie1 ,,by ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons ,,tr[ ,,directory ,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,bookb9d+ ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,9 ,,glad ,,recognition ,,( ,,_! ,,s]vices ,,to ,,! ,,_w ,,& ,,9 ,,grateful ,,ackn[l$gm5t ,,( ,,my ,,own ,,great ,,debt ,,to ,,bo? ,i ,,d$icate ,,?is ,,book ,,s ,,unwor?y ,,( ,,its ,,great ,,subject ,,to ,,^? ,,two ,,noble ,,b&s ,,( ,,seek]s ,,aft] ,,tru? ,,! ,,faculty ,,( ,,union ,,!ological ,,sem9>y ,,( ,,:om ,,*>les ,a4 ,,briggs ,,& ,,george ,l4 ,,pr5tiss ,,are ,,! ,,honor$ ,,survivors ,,& ,,to ,,t ,,trio ,,( ,,engli% ,,/ud5ts ,,erne/ ,m4 ,,sat[1 ,,william ,g4 ,,a/on ,,& ,,basil ,h4 ,,*amb]la9 ,,:o ,,laid ,,! ,,f\ndations ,,( ,,critical ,,s*ol>%ip ,,9 ,,japan ,,9 ,,unconsci\s ,,bro!rhood1 ,,b9d+ ,,! ,,self-,,same ,,%eaf ,,preface ,?is book makes no pret5ce ( furni%+ a mirror ( contempor>y ,japanese religion4 ,s9ce #ahfh1 ,japan has be5 break+ ! *a9s ( h] intellectual bondage to ,*9a & ,india1 & ! end is n yet4 ,my purpose has be51 n to take a snap-%ot photograph1 b to pa9t a picture ( ! pa/4 ,se5 9 a lightn+-fla%1 ev5 a tempe/-%ak5 tree appe>s motionless4 ,a /udy ( ! same organism f acorn to se$-be>+ oak1 reveals n a phase b a life4 ,x is some?+ l ?is--to ! era ( ,meiji 7,a4,d4 #ahfh-ahid7 :i* ,i h essay$4 ,h5ce ,i am p]fectly will+ to accept1 9 advance1 ! v]dict ( sm>t inv5tors :o are all ready to pat5t a br&-new religion = ,japan1 t my pres5tation is antiquat$4 ,! subject has always be5 fasc9at+1 despite its inh]5t difficulties & ! au?or's p]sonal limitations4 ,:5 9 #ahjg1 ! polite lads f ,satsuma & ,kito came to ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4,j41 !y f\nd at lea/ "o eag] que/ion]1 a sophomore1 :o1 :ile valu+ books1 enjoy$ at fir/ h& contemporane\s human te/imony4 ,:5 9 #ahfi1 to ,rutg]s ,college1 came an application ?r\gh ,rev4 ,dr4 ,guido ,f4 ,v]beck1 ( ,tki1 f ,fukui = a "y man to organize s*ools ^u ! ,am]ican pr9ciple 9 ! prov9ce ( ,e*iz5 7ultra-,buddhi/ic1 yet already s lib]ally leav5$ by ! e?ical tea*+s ( ,yokoi ,hi%iro71 ! ,faculty made *oice ( ! au?or4 ,accept+ ! honor & privilege ( be+ "o ( ! beg9n]s ( a bett] "t1 ,i caught sight ( pe]less ,fuji & set foot on ,japanese soil ,decemb] #bi1 #ahgj4 ,amid a cannonade ( new s5sations & fre% surprises1 my fir/ walk 0 tak5 9 company ) ! ,am]ican mission>y 7once a m>9e 9 ,p]ry's squadron1 :o lat] inv5t$ ! j9-riki-%a71 to see a hill-temple & to /udy ! wayside %r9es ar\nd ,yokohama4 ,sev5 weeks' /ay 9 ! city ( ,y$o--!n ris+ out ( ! dbris ( feudalism to become ! ,imp]ial capital1 ,tki1 enabl$ me to see "s ?+s n[ s utt]ly vani%$1 t by "s p]sons _! previ\s exi/5ce is que/ion$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ *>act]s ,i met p]sonally 0 ,fukuzawa1 ! re=m]1 & n[ ! intellectual fa!r ( half ( ! "y m5 ( 444 ,japan4 ,on ! day ( ! battle ( ,uyno1 ,july #aa1 #ahfh1 ?is f>-see+ patriot & inquir+ _s delib]ately decid$ to keep out ( ! /rife1 & ) f\r companions ( l m9d1 began ! /udy ( ,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce4 ,?us 7 laid ! f\ndations ( 8 great s*ool1 n[ a univ]sity4 ,j\rney+ ?r\gh ! int]ior1 ,i saw _m int]e/+ ph5om5a ( popul> religions :i* are no long] visible4 ,at ,fukui 9 ,e*iz51 "o ( ! /rongholds ( ,buddhism1 ,i liv$ ne>ly a ye>1 engag$ 9 educational "w1 hav+ _m opportunities ( le>n+ bo? ! s*ola/ic & ! popul> =ms ( ,%9t & ( ,buddhism4 ,i 0 surr\nd$ by mona/]ies1 temples1 %r9es1 & a l&scape ri*ly embroid]$ ) my? & leg5d4 ,dur+ my f\r ye>s' resid5ce & travel 9 ! ,empire1 ,i p]ceiv$ t 9 all ?+s ! p ( ,japan 7 too religi\s4 ,9 seek+ light ^u ! mean+ ( :at ,i saw be=e me & 9 p5etrat+ to ! reasons beh9d ! ph5om5a1 ,i fe> ,i (t5 made myself tr\blesome to bo? prie/s & lay folk4 ,:ile at "w 9 ,tki1 ?\gh "u obligation to tea* only physical sci5ce1 ,i volunt>ily gave in/ruction 9 e?ics to classes 9 ! ,univ]sity4 ,i ri*ly enjoy$ ?is "w1 :i*1 by que/ion+ & discussion1 gave me mu* insight into ! m9ds ( "y m5 ^: homes 7 9 e prov9ce ( ! ,empire4 ,9 my own h\se ,i felt free to tea* to all com]s ! religion ( ,jesus1 8 revelation ( ! fa!rhood ( ,god & ! e?ics bas$ on 8 life & words4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 9 /udy+ ! subject1 ,i h great indebt$ness to ackn[l$ge to =eign]s1 ,i feel t fir/ ( all ,i mu/ ?ank ! natives :o taught me s mu* bo? by precept & practice4 ,among ! influ5ces t h help$ to %ape my own cre$ & inspire my own life1 h be5 ! beautiful lives & noble *>act]s ( ,japanese (fic]s1 /ud5ts & common p :o 7 ar\nd & be=e me4 ,?\gh freely confess+ obligation to books1 writ+s1 & arti/ic & s*ola/ic influ5ces1 ,i ha/5 fir/ to ?ank ! p ( ,japan1 :e!r s]vants1 sup]ior (fic]s1 neighbors or fri5ds4 ,he :o seeks to le>n :at religion is f books only1 w le>n b half4 ,gladly ?ank+ ^?1 :o1 directly or indirectly1 h help$ me ) light f ! writt5 or pr9t$ page1 ,i mu/ fir/ ( all gratefully express my especial obligations to ^? native s*ol>s :o h read to me1 read = me1 or read ) me _! native lit]ature4 ,! fir/ =eign /ud5ts ( ,japanese religions 7 ! ,dut*1 & ! ,g]man physicians :o liv$ ) !m1 at ,d%ima4 ,kaempf] makes frequ5t ref]5ces1 ) te/ & picture1 9 8 ,bes*ryv+ van ,japan4 ,von ,siebold1 :o 0 an indefatigable collector r ?an a critical /ud5t1 9 ,vol4 ,v4 ( 8 invaluable ,ar*iv 7,pan!on von ,nippon71 devot$ ov] =ty pages to ! religions ( ,japan4 ,dr4 ,j4,j4 ,h(fman translat$ into ,dut*1 ) notes & explanations1 ! ,butsu-z-dzu-i1 :i*1 besides its #afc figures ( ,buddhi/ holy m51 gives a bibliography ( ! works m5tion$ by ! native au?or4 ,9 visit+ ! ,japanese museum on ! ,rap5burg1 ,leyd51 "o ( ! olde/1 be/ & mo/ intellig5tly arrang$ 9 ,europe1 ,i h be5 int]e/$ ) ! great "w done by ! ,dut*m51 dur+ two c5turies1 9 leav5+ ! old lump = t trans=mation :i* 9 our day z ,new ,japan1 surprises ! _w4 ,x requires ! %ock ( battle to awak5 ! we/]n nations to t appreciation ( ! racial & o!r diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,japanese & ,*9ese1 :i* ! /ud5t has already le>n$4 ,! fir/ praises1 h[ev]1 are to be aw>d$ to ! ,engli% s*ol>s1 ,messrs4 ,sat[1 ,a/on1 ,*amb]la91 & o!rs1 ^: pr(\nd rese>*es 9 ,japanese hi/ory1 language & lit]ature h cle>$ ! pa? = o!rs to tread 94 ,i h tri$ to ackn[l$ge my debt to !m 9 bo? text & app5dix4 ,to sev]al ,am]ican mission>ies1 :o despite _! try+ labors h _h ! "t & ! ta/e to /udy critically ! religions ( ,japan1 ,i owe ?anks & appreciation4 ,) r>e acut5ess & le>n+1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,george ,wm4 ,knox has op5$ on its philosophical1 & ,rev4 ,dr4 ,j4,h4 ,de,forest on its practical side1 ! subject ( ,japanese ,confucianism4 ,by 8 lexicographical "w1 ,dr4 ,j4,c4 ,hepburn has made debtors to him bo? ! native & ! ali54 ,to our k ( ,buddhism 9 ,japan1 ,dr4 ,j4,c4 ,b]ry & ,rev4 ,j4,l4 ,atk9son h made notewor?y contributions4 ,i h be5 cont5t to quote z au?orities & illu/rations1 ! names ( ^? :o h ?us wr\ght on ! soil1 r ?an ( ^?1 :o1 ev5 ?\gh _w-fam\s1 h be5 b slightly famili> ) ! e?nic & ! import$ fai? ( ,japan4 ,! pr(\nd misund]/&+s ( ,buddhism1 :i* "s v em95t m5 ( ,europe h %[n 9 _! writ+s1 =m "o ( ! lit]>y curiosities ( ! _w4 ,9 sett+ =? ^! ,morse lectures1 ,i h purposely robb$ my pages ( all appe>ance ( erudition1 by us+ z few unc\? words z possible1 by break+ up ! matt] into p>agraphs ( mod]ate l5g?1 by lib]ally introduc+ subject-head+s 9 italics1 & by relegat+ all notes to ! app5dix4 ,s9ce writ+ ! lectures1 & ev5 :ile read+ ! f9al pro(s1 ,i h ransack$ my libr>y to f9d z _m ref]5ces1 notes1 illu/rations & au?orities z possible1 = ! b5efit ( ! g5]al /ud5t4 ,i h purposely avoid$ recondite & inaccessible books & h nam$ ^? easily obta9able f ,am]ican or ,european publi%]s1 or f ,messrs4 ,kelly ,wal%1 ( ,yokohama1 ,japan4 ,9 us+ ori5tal words ,i h foll[$1 9 ! ma91 ! spell+ ( ! ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,! ,japanese names are express$ accord+ to t uni=m sy/em ( translit]ation us$ by ,hepburn1 ,sat[ & o!r /&>d writ]s1 :]e9 consonants h ! same g5]al value z 9 ,engli% 7except t initial g is always h>d71 :ile ! v[els are pron\nc$ z 9 ,italian4 ,d\ble v[els mu/ be pron\nc$ d\ble1 z 9 ,miji 7m--j72 ^? :i* are long are m>k$1 z 9 or 2 i be=e o or u is %ort4 ,mo/ ( ! important ,japanese1 z well z ,sanskrit & ,*9ese1 t]ms us$1 are duly express$ & def9$ 9 ! ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,i wi% also to ?ank especially my fri5ds1 ,riu ,watanabe1 ,ph4,d41 ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 & ,william ,nelson ,noble1 ,esq41 ( ,i?aca4 ,! =m] k9dly assi/$ me ) criticisms & sugge/ions1 :ile to ! latt]1 :o has tak5 "t to read all ! pro(s1 ,i am grateful = consid]able improvem5t 9 ! ,engli% =m ( ! s5t5ces4 ,9 clos+1 ,i tru/ t :atev] *>ges may be br\ght aga9/ me by compet5t critics1 lack ( sympa?y w n be "o4 ,i write 9 sight ( beautiful ,lake ,cayuga1 on ! f]tile & slop+ %ores ( :i* 9 old "t ! ,iroquois ,indian confess$ ! my/]ies ( life4 ,hav+ plant$ 8 corn1 he made 8 pregnant squaw walk r\nd ! se$-b$ 9 hope ( receiv+ f ! ,s\rce ( life increas$ bless+ & su/5ance = body & m9d4 ,betwe5 su* a truly religi\s act ( ! savage1 & t ( ! ,*ri/ian sage1 ,joseph ,h5ry1 :o uncov]$ 8 head :ile inve/igat+ electro-magnetism to ask ,god a "q1 or t ( ,samuel ,f4,b4 ,morse1 :o s5t z 8 fir/ telegraphic message ,:at ha? ,god wr\ght1 ,i see no ess5tial diff]5ce4 ,all ?ree 7 acts ( fai? & ackn[l$gm5t ( a p[] great] ?an man4 ,religion is "o1 ?\gh religions are _m4 ,z ,pr9cipal ,fairbairn1 my honor$ pr$ecessor 9 ! ,morse lecture%ip1 says3 ,:at we call sup]/ition ( ! savage is n sup]/ition 9 him4 ,sup]/ition is ! p]petuation ( a l[ =m ( belief along ) a high] k4444 ,betwe5 feti*ism & ,*ri/ian fai? !re is a great di/ance1 b a great aff9ity--! recognition ( a supra-s5sible life4 ,= ! e>ne/ expectation ( ! creation waite? = ! reveal+ ( ! sons ( ,god4444 ,! creation itself %all be deliv]$ f ! bondage ( corruption into ! lib]ty ( ! glory ( ! *ildr5 ( ,god4 ,w4,e4,g4 ,,i?aca1 ,n4,y41 ,octob] #bg1 #ahid4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,primitive ,,fai?3 ,,religion ,,be=e ,,books1 ,,page #a ,salutatory4--,! ,morse ,lecture%ip & its provisions4--,! ,sci5ce ( ,comp>ative ,religion is ,*ri/ianity's own *ild4--,! ,p>liam5t ( ,religions4--,! ,/udy ( ,religion mo/ appropriate 9 a ,!ological ,sem9>y4--,%ort5+ weapons & l5g!n+ b\nd>ies4--,! "r mission>y _s t ( ! ,ma/]1 :o came n to de/roy b to fulfil4--,*>act]i/ics ( ,japan4--,bird's-eye view ( ,japanese hi/ory & religion4--,popul>ly1 n ?ree religions b "o religion4--,sup]/itions :i* are n organically p>ts ( ! book-religions4--,! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ! ,creator & 8 creation n visible to ! pagan4--,%amanism3 ,feti*ism4--,my?ical mon/]s1 ,kir91 ,pho5ix1 ,tortoise1 ,dragon4--,japanese my?ical zology4--,! erection ( ! /one feti*4--,insurance by amulets ^u h\se & p]son4--,phallicism4--,tree-wor%ip4--,s] p5t-wor%ip4--,^! unwritt5 sup]/itions condition ! book-religions4--,removable by sci5ce & a high] religion4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,%9to3 ,,my?s ,,& ,,ritual1 ,,page #ce ,japan is "y beside ,*9a & ,korea4--,japanese hi/ory is comp>atively mod]n4--,! olde/ docum5ts date f ,a4,d4 #gab4--,! ,japanese ar*ipelago inhabit$ be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4--,fai?1 wor%ip & ritual are previ\s to writt5 espression4--,! ,kojiki1 ,_m%u & ,norito4--,t5d5cy ( ! pupil nations surr\nd+ ,*9a to ant$ate _! civilization4--,orig9 ( ! ,japanese p & _! religion4--,?ree di/9ct l9es ( tradition f ,tsuku%i1 ,idzumo & ,yamato4--,w> ( ! invad]s aga9/ ! aborig9es--,mikadoism is ! he>t ( ,%9t4--,illu/rations f ! liturgies4--,phallicism among ! aborig9es & common p4--,! m9d or m5tal climate ( ! primval man4--,repres5tation ( male gods by emblems4--,objects ( wor%ip & ex-voto4--,ideas ( creation4--,! fire-my?1 ,prome!us4--,comp>ison ( ,greek & ,japanese my?ology4--,ritual = ! quiet+ ( ! fire-god4--,! fire-drill4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,kojiki ,,& ,,its ,,tea*+s1 ,,page #ei ,orig9 ( ! ,kojiki4 ,analysis ( its op5+ l9es--,norito4--,indec5cy ( ! my?s ( ! ,kojiki4--,mod]n rationali/ic int]pretations--,life 9 prehi/oric ,japan4--,"* & temp]am5t ( ! p !n & n[4--,"* ( ! kami or gods4--,hades4--,e?ics4--,! ,l& ( ! ,gods4--,! b>b>ism ( ! ,yamato conqu]ors an improvem5t ^u ! savag]y ( ! aborig9es4--,cannibalism & human sacrifices4--,! mak]s ( ! ,god-way captur$ & absorb$ ! religion ( ! aborig9es4--,a case ( syncretism4--,orig9 ( evil 9 bad gods4--,pollution 0 s94--,class ( (f5ces enum]at$ 9 ! norito4--,pr(essor ,kumi's cont5tion t ,mikadoism usurp$ a simple wor%ip ( ,heav54--,diff]5ce betwe5 ! anci5t ,*9ese & anci5t ,japanese cultus4--,developm5t ( ,%9t arre/$ by ,buddhism4--,temples & (f]+s4--,! tori-i4--,pollution & purification4--,pray]4--,hirata's ord9al & specim5 pray]s4--,to ! common p ! sun is a god4--,pray]s to myriads ( gods4--,summ>y ( ,%9t4--,swall[$ up 9 ! ,riybu sy/em4--,its mod]n revival4--,ki*94--,kada ,adzum>4--,mabu*i1 ,motori4--,hirata4--,9 #ahgj1 ,%9t is aga9 made ! /ate religion4--,purification ( ,riybu temples4--,politico-religi\s lectures4--,imp]ial rescript4--,rev]5ce to ! ,emp]or's photograph4--,judgm5t ^u ,%9t4--,! ,*ri/ian's ideal ( ,yamato-dama%ii4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,*9ese ,,e?ical ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,japan1 ,,page #ii ,9 :at respects ,confucius 0 unique z a tea*]4--,outl9e ( 8 life4--,! canon4--,primitive ,*9ese fai? a sort ( mono!ism4--,h[ ! sage modifi$ x4--,hi/ory ( ,confucianism until its entrance into ,japan4--,outl9e ( ! intellectual & political hi/ory ( ! ,japanese4--,rise ( ! ,samurai class4--,%ift+ ( emphasis f filial piety to loyalty4--,preval5ce ( suicide 9 ,japan4--,confucianism has deeply t+$ ! ideas ( ! ,japanese4--,great c>e necess>y 9 seek+ equival5ts 9 ,engli% = ! t]ms us$ 9 ! ,*9o-,japanese e?ics2 e4g41 ! emp]or1 ! fa!r ( ! p4--,imp]sonality ( ,japanese spee*4--,*ri/ & ,confucius4--,love & rev]5ce4--,exempl>s ( loyalty4--,! ,=ty-sev5 ,rn9s4--,! second relation4--,! family 9 ,*9ese ,asia & 9 ,*ri/5dom4--,! law ( filial piety & ! daught]4--,! ?ird relation4--,!ory ( c\rt%ip & m>riage4--,*a/ity4--,jeal\sy4--,divorce4 --,in/ability ( ! m>riage bond4--,! f\r? relation4--,! eld] & ! y\ng] bro!r4--,! h\se or family ev]y?+1 ! individual no?+4--,! fif? relation4--,! ideas ( ,*ri/ & ^? ( ,confucius4--,! ,gold5 & ! ,gild$ rule4--,lao ,tsze & ,kung4--,old ,japan & ! ali54--,commodore ,p]ry & ,pr(essor ,haya%i4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,confucianism ,,9 ,,its ,,philosophical ,,=m1 ,,page #aca ,h>mony ( ! sy/ems ( ,confucius & ,buddha 9 ,japan dur+ a ?\s& ye>s4--,revival ( le>n+ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4--,exodus ( ! ,*9ese s*ol>s on ! fall ( ! ,m+ dyna/y4--,_! disp]sion & "w 9 ,japan4--,f\nd+ ( s*ools ( ! new ,*9ese le>n+4--,= two & a half c5turies ! ,japanese m9d has be5 m\ld$ by ! new ,confucianism4--,survey ( its rise & developm5ts4--,f\r /ages 9 ! intellectual hi/ory ( ,*9a4--,! populi/ movem5t 9 ! elev5? c5tury4--,! lit]>y controv]sy4--,! philosophy ( ! ,*5g bro!rs & ( ,*u ,hi1 call$ 9 ,japan ,tei-,%u sy/em4--,9 ,buddhism ! ,japanese 7 />tl+ innovators1 9 philosophy !y 7 docile pupils4--,paucity ( ,confucian or speculative lit]ature 9 ,japan4--,a ,*9ese wall built ar\nd ! ,japanese intellect4--,yelo or?odoxy4--,features ( ! ,ti-,%u sy/em4--,n agno/ic b pan!i/ic4--,its influ5ce ^u hi/oriography4--,ki 7_s7 ,ri 7way7 & ,t5 7heav574--,! writ+s ( ,oha%i ,junzo4--,confucianism obsolesc5t 9 ,new ,japan4--,a /udy ( ,confucianism 9 ! int]e/ ( comp>ative religion4--,man's place 9 ! univ]se4--,! ,samurai's ideal1 ob$i5ce4--,8 fe>lessness 9 ! face ( dea?4--,critique ( ! sy/em4--,! rul] & ! rul$4--,:at has ,confucianism done = woman8--,improvem5t & revision ( ! f\r? & fif? relations4--,! new view ( ! univ]se & ! new m9d 9 ,new ,japan4 ,! ideal ( ,yamato-dama%ii revis$ & improv$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,buddhism ,,( ,,nor!rn ,,asia1 ,,page #aec ,buddha--sun my? or hi/oric p]sonage8--,buddhism "o ( ! prote/antisms ( ! _w4--,*>act]i/ics ( new religions4--,survey ( ! hi/ory ( ,indian ?\ght4--,! age ( ! ,v$as4--,! epic age4--,! rationali/ic age4--,our fell[-,aryans & ! /ory ( _! conque/s4--,_! intellectual en]gy & inv5tions4--,sy/ems ( philosophy4--,condition ( religion at ! bir? ( ,gautama4--,outl9e ( 8 life4--,he atta9s enlight5m5t or buddhahood4--,9 :at respects ,buddhism 0 an old1 & 9 :at a new religion4--,did ,gautama int5d to f\nd a new religion1 or return to simpl] & old] fai?8--,mona/icism1 ,kh>ma & ,nirvana1--,en?usiasm ( ! disciples ( ! new fai?4--,! great s*ism4--,! ,nor!rn ,buddhi/s4--,! canon4--,! two ,yana or vehicles4--,simplicity ( ,s\!rn & luxuriance ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism4--,summ>y ( ! process ( ?\ght 9 ,nepal4--,! old gods ( ,india come back aga94--,maitreya1 ,manjusri & ,avalokitesv>a4--,! ,leg5d ( ,manjusri4--,sep>ation ( attributes & creation ( new ,buddhas or gods4--,! ,dhyani ,buddhas4--,amida4--,adi-,buddhas4--,ab/ ractions become gods4--,! ,tantra sy/em4--,outbur/s ( doctr9e & art4--,pray]-mills4--,! noble eight-fold pa? ( self-d5ial & b5evol5ce =gott54--,entrance ( ,buddhism f ,korea into ,japan4--,condition ( ! c\ntry at t "t4--,dates & fir/ exp]i5ces4--,soga no ,inam4--,%toku4--,japanese pilgrims to ,*9a4--,*anges wr\ght by ! new cre$ & cult4--,temples1 mona/]ies & images4--,influ5ce ^u ! ,mikado's "n1 rank & p]son1 & ^u ,%9t4--,relative influ5ce ( ,buddhism 9 ,asia & ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,europe4--,! ?ree great *>act]i/ics ( ,buddhism4--,h[ ! cl\ds return$ aft] ! ra94--,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity confront+ ! problem ( life4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,riy,,bu1 ,,or ,,mix$ ,,buddhism1 ,,page #ahi ,! exp]i5ce ( two c5turies & a half ( ,buddhism 9 ,japan4--,necessity ( us+ m p[]ful means = ! conv]sion ( ! ,japanese4--,popul> cu/oms ne>ly in]adicable4--,analogy f ,european hi/ory4--,syncretism 9 ,*ri/ian hi/ory4--,9 ! ,arabian ,nights4--,h[ f> is ! process ( ,syncretism hone/8--,examples n to be recomm5d$ = imitation4--,! problem ( reconcil+ ! ,kami & ! ,buddhas4--,nor!rn ,buddhism ready = ! task4--,! ,tantra or ,yoga-*>a sy/em4--,art & its influ5ce on ! imag9ation4--,! sket* replac$ by ! illum9ation & mono*rome by colors4--,japanese art4--,mix$ ,buddhism r ?an mix$ ,%9t4--,kb ! wond]-work] :o made all ,japanese hi/ory a transfiguration ( ,buddhism4--,leg5ds ab\t 8 extraord9>y abilities & indu/ry4--,8 life1 & /udies 9 ,*9a4--,! kata-kana syllab>y4--,kbo's revelation f ! ,%9t goddess ,toyo-,uk-,bim4--,! gods ( ,japan 7 avat>s ( ,buddha4--,kb's plan ( propag&a4--,details ( ! s*eme4--,a cle>+-h\se ( gods & ,buddhas4--,relative rise & fall ( ! native & ! =eign deities4--,leg5d ( ,d>uma4 ,riybu ,%9t4--,impulse to art & art indu/ry4--,! ,kami no ,mi*i falls into %ad[4--,:i* religion suff]$ mo/8--,ph5om5ally ! victory belong$ to ,buddhism4--,! leav5+ p[] 0 t ( ,%9t4--,buddhism's fre% *apt] ( decay4--,influ5ce ( ,riybu ^u ! ,*9ese e?ical sy/em 9 ,japan4--,influ5ce on ! ,mikado4--,abdication all along ! l9es ( ,japanese life4--,ultimate p>alysis ( ! national intellect4--,comp>ison ) ,*9ese ,buddhism4--,miracle-mong]+4--,no self-re=m+ p[] 9 ,buddhism4--,! ,sev5 ,happy ,gods ( ,=tune4--,pan!ism's de/ruction ( b\nd>ies4--,! au?or's /udy ( ! popul> processions 9 ,japan4--,masaka ,d4--,swamp+ ( hi/ory 9 leg5d4--,! jewel 9 ! lotus4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,nor!rn ,,buddhism ,,9 ,,its ,,doctr9al ,,evolutions1 ,,page #bbe ,f\r /ages ( ! doctr9al developm5t ( ,buddhism 9 ,japan4--,reasons = ! =mation ( sects4--,! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika4--,%a/ras & ,sutras4--,! ,ku-%a sect4--,book ( ! ,treasury ( ,metaphysics4--,! ,j-jitsu sect1 its f\nd] & its doctr9es4--,! ,ris-%u or ,viyana sect4--,japanese pilgrims to ,*9a4--,! ,hos-s sect & its doctr9es4--,! ?ree grades ( disciples4--,! ,san-ron or ,?ree-%a/ra sect & its t5ets4--,! ,middle ,pa?4--,! ,kgon sect4--,! ,uncondition$1 or reali/ic pan!ism4--,! ,*9ese or ,t5dai sect4--,its scriptures & dogmas4--,buddhahood atta9able 9 ! pres5t body4--,vagradrodhi4--,! ,yoga-*>a sy/em4--,! old sects4--,reaction aga9/ excessive idol-mak+4--,! ,z5 sect4--,labor-sav+ devices 9 ,buddhism4--,mak+ tru? app>5t by "o's own ?\ght4--,transmission ( ! ,z5 doctr9e4--,hi/ory ( ,z5 ,%u4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,buddhism ,,( ,,! ,,japanese1 ,,page #beg ,! ,j-d or ,pure ,l& sect4--,sub/itution ( fai? 9 ,amida = ! eight-fold ,pa?4--,succession ( ! propagators ( true doctr9e4--,z5d & ,h-n54--,! ,japanese pa?-f9d] to ! ,pure ,l&4--,doctr9e ( ,j-d4--,buddhi/ic influ5ce on ! ,japanese language4--,incessant repetition ( pray]s4--,! ,pure ,l& 9 ! ,we/4--,! ,buddhi/ doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?4--,h-n5's univ]salism4--,t5d5cy ( doctr9al developm5t aft] ,h-n54--,re=m$ ,buddhism4--,syn]gism v]sus salvation by fai? only4--,life ( ,%9ran4--,po/hum\s honors4--,policy & aim ( ! ,%9 sect1 me?ods & scriptures4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,japanese ,,buddhism ,,9 ,,its ,,mission>y ,,developm5t1 ,,page #bhg ,! mission>y hi/ory ( ,japanese ,buddhism is ! hi/ory ( ,japan4--,! fir/ organiz$ religion ( ! ,japanese4--,pr(essor ,basil ,hall ,*amb]la9's te/imony--,a picture ( primeval life 9 ! ar*ipelago4--,:at came 9 ! tra9 ( ! new religion f ! ,we/4 ,mission>y civiliz]s1 tea*]s1 road-mak]s1 improv]s ( diet4 ,language ( fl[]s & g>d5s4--,! h\se & home4--,ar*itecture--,! imp]ial capital--,hiyizan4--,love ( natural sc5]y4--,pilgrimages & _! fruits4--,! ,japanese ae/hetic4--,art & decoration 9 ! temples4--,ext]ior resemblances betwe5 ! ,roman =m ( ,*ri/ianity & ( ,buddhism4--,quotation f ,! ,mikado's ,empire4--,int]nal vital diff]5ces4--,enlight5m5t & grace4--,+wa & love4--,luxuriance ( ! art ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism4--,v>iety 9 individual treatm5t4--,place ( ! temple 9 ! life ( ,old ,japan4--,! protect+ trees4--,! bell & its note4--,! gravey>d & ! prie/s' hold ^u x4--,japanese ,buddhism z a political p[]4--,its influ5ce ^u milit>y hi/ory4--,abbots on horseback & monks 9 armor4--,battles betwe5 ! ,%9 & ,z5 sects4--,nobunaga4--,influ5ce ( ,buddhism 9 lit]ature & education4--,! temple s*ool4--,! kana writ+4--,survey & critique ( ,buddhi/ hi/ory 9 ,japan4--,abs5ce ( organiz$ *>ities4--,reg>d = animal & disreg>d = human life4--,! ,eta4--,! ,a9o4--,attitude to wom54--,nuna & num]ics4--,polygamy & concub9age4--,buddhism comp>$ ) ,%9t4--,influ5ce ^u morals4--,! ,fir/ ,cause4--,its lead]%ip among ! sects4--,unreality ( ,amida ,buddha4--,ni*ir54--,8 life & op9ions4--,idols & avat>s4--,! favorite scripture ( ! sect1 ! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika4--,its c5tral dogma1 ev]y?+ 9 ! univ]se capable ( ,buddha-%ip4--,! ,salvation ,army ( ,buddhism4--,kb's leav5 work+4--,buddhism ceases to be an intellectual =ce4--,! ,new ,buddhism4--,are ! ,japanese eag] = re=m8 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,roman ,,*ri/ianity ,,9 ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury1 ,,page #cbc ,! _m-sid$ /ory ( ,japanese ,*ri/ianity4--,"o hundr$ ye>s ( int]c\rse betwe5 ,japan & ,europe4--,/ate ( ,japan at ! introduction ( ,portuguese ,*ri/ianity4--,xavi] & ,anjiro4--,xavi] at ,kito & 9 ,bungo4--,nobunaga & ! ,buddhi/s4--,high-wat] m>k ( ,*ri/ianity4--,hideyo%i & ! invasion ( ,korea4--,kato & ,koni%i4--,p]secutions4--,arrival ( ! ,spani% fri>s4--,_! violation ( good fai?4--,_s ( ! ,jesuits & ,franciscans4--,crucifixion on ! bamboo cross4--,hidyori4--,kato ,kiyomasa4--,! ,dut* 9 ! ,ea/]n seas4--,w ,adams4--,iyyas suspects designs aga9/ ! sov]eignty ( ,japan4--,! ,*ri/ian religion outlaw$4--,hidtada foll[s up ! policy ( ,iyyas1 excludes ali5s1 & %uts up ! c\ntry4--,! upris+ ( ! ,*ri/ians at ,%imab>a 9 #afcg4--;,*ri/ianity buri$ f sight4--,"* ( ! mission>ies & ! =m ( ! fai? introduc$ by !m4--,noble lives & ideals4--,! _s ( ! ,inquisition 9 ,japan4--,political animus & complexion4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,two ,,c5turies ,,( ,,sil5ce1 ,,page #cea ,policy ( ! ,japanese gov]nm5t aft] ! suppression ( ,*ri/ianity4--,insulation ( ,japan4--,! ,holl&]s at ,d%ima4--,)drawal ( ! ,engli%4--,relations ) ,korea4--,policy ( inclusion4--,a society imp]vi\s to =eign ideas4--,life )9 /unt$ limits4--,canons ( art & lit]ature4--,philosophy made an eng9e ( gov]nm5t4--,esot]ic law4--,social wa/e ( humanity4--,attempts to break d[n ! wall--,ext]nal & int]nal4--,seek]s aft] ,god4--,! goal ( ! pilgrims4--,! ,d%ima ,dut*man z pictur$ by enemies & rivals1 v]sus reality & tru?4--,eag] spirits grop+ aft] ,god4--,morn+ />s ( ! ,japanese re=mation4--,yokoi ,hi%iro4--,! anti-,*ri/ian edicts4--,! ,buddhi/ ,inquisitors4--,! ,%9-gaku or ,new ,le>n+ movem5t4--,! /ory ( n9ete5? c5tury ,*ri/ianity1 subt]ranean & int]ior be=e be+ ph5om5al4--,sabba?-day s]vice on ! ,u4,s4,s4 ,mississippi4--,! fir/ mission>ies4--,dr4 ,j4,c4 ,hepburn--,heal+ & ! ,bible4--,y$o becomes ,tki4--,despat* ( ! ,embassy r\nd ! _w4--,eyes op5$4--,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les 9 ,japan4 ,,notes1 ,,au?orities ,,& ,,illu/rations1 ,,page #cge ,,index1 ,,page #dea ,,*apt] ,i - ,,primitive ,,fai?3 ,,religion ,,be=e ,,books ,! inve/igation ( ! beg9n+s ( a religion is nev] ! "w ( infidels1 b ( ! mo/ rev]5t & consci5ti\s m9ds4 ,we1 ! =ty million s\ls ( ,japan1 /&+ firmly & p]si/5tly ^u ! basis ( int]national ju/ice1 await /ill fur!r manife/ations z to ! morality ( ,*ri/ianity1--,hiraii1 ( ,japan4 ,:5 ! ,creator ?r\gh int]m$i>ies t 7 app>5tly animals _h f9i%$ treat+ ?is _w ( m51 ! good & ! bad ,gods 7 all mix$ toge!r promiscu\sly1 & began disput+ = ! possession ( ?is _w4--,! ,a9o ,/ory ( ! ,creation4 ,if ! ,japanese h few bea/ /ories1 ! ,a9os h app>5tly no popul> tales ( h]oes 444 ,! ,a9o my?ologies 444 lack all connection ) morality4444 ,bo? lack prie/s & prophets4444 ,bo? belong to a v primitive /age ( m5tal developm5t 444 ,except+ /ories 444 & a few almo/ metreless songs1 ! ,a9os h no o!r lit]ature at all4--,a9o ,/udies4 ,i ask$ ! e>?1 & x answ]$1 ',i am n ,he2' & :atsoev] are !re9 made ! same confession4 ,i ask$ ! sea & ! deep & ! creep+ ?+s t liv$1 & !y repli$1 ',we are n ?y ,god2 seek high] ?an we4' 444 ,& ,i answ]$ unto all ?+s :i* /& ab\t ! door ( my fle%1 ',ye h told me conc]n+ my ,god1 t ye are n he2 tell me some?+ ab\t him4' ,& ) a l\d voice !y expla9$1 ',x is ,he :o ha? made u6'--,augu/9e's ,confessions4 ,seek ,him t make? ! sev5 />s & ,orion1 & turne? ! %ad[ ( dea? into ! morn+1 & make? ! day d>k ) night2 t calle? = ! wat]s ( ! sea1 & p\re? !m out ^u ! face ( ! e>?3 ,! ,,"l is 8 "n4--,amos4 ,t :i* ha? be5 made 0 life 9 ,him4--,john4 ,,*apt] ,i - ,,primitive ,,fai?3 ,,religion ,,be=e ,,books ,! ,morse ,lecture%ip & ! ,/udy ( ,comp>ative ,religion4 ,z a graduate ( ! ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 9 ! ,class ( #ahgg1 y\r s]vant receiv$ & accept$ ) pleasure ! invitation ( ! ,presid5t & ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees to deliv] a c\rse ( lectures ^u ! religions ( ,japan4 ,9 t c\ntry & 9 sev]al p>ts ( x1 ,i liv$ f #ahgj to #ahgd4 ,i 0 9 ! s]vice fir/ ( ! feudal daimi ( ,e*iz5 & !n ( ! national gov]nm5t ( ,japan1 help+ to introduce t sy/em ( public s*ools :i* is n[ ! glory ( ! c\ntry4 ,^? f\r ye>s gave me opportunities = close & con/ant obs]vation ( ! outw>d side ( ! religions ( ,japan1 & facilities = ! /udy ( ! ideas out ( :i* wor%ip spr+s4 ,s9ce #ahfg1 h[ev]1 :5 fir/ z a /ud5t 9 ,rutg]s ,college at ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4,j41 ,i met & in/ruct$ ^? /ud5ts f ! f> ,ea/1 :o1 at risk ( imprisonm5t & dea? _h come to ,am]ica = ! culture ( ,*ri/5dom1 ,i h be5 deeply int]e/$ 9 ! /udy ( ! ,japanese p & _! ?\ghts4 ,to attempt a j & imp>tial survey ( ! religions ( ,japan may seem a task t might well appall ev5 a life-long ,ori5tal s*ol>4 ,yet x may be t an hone/ purpose1 a deep sympa?y & a gladly av[$ desire to help ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/1 ! ,japanese & ! ,engli%-speak+ p1 to und]/& ea* o!r1 are n :olly useless 9 a /udy ( religion1 b = our purpose ( real value4 ,^! lectures are ^u ! ,morse#a f\ndation :i* has ^! specifications writt5 out by ! f\nd]3 ,! g5]al subject ( ! lectures ,i desire to be3 ,! ,relation ( ! ,bible to any ( ! ,sci5ces1 z ,geography1 ,geology1 ,hi/ory1 & ,e?nology1 444 & ! relation ( ! facts & tru?s conta9$ 9 ! ,^w ( ,god1 to ! pr9ciples1 me?ods1 & aims ( any ( ! sci5ces4 ,n[1 among ! sci5ces :i* we mu/ call to our aid are ^? ( geography & geology1 by :i* are condition$ hi/ory & e?nology ( :i* we mu/ l>gely treat2 &1 mo/ ( all1 ! sci5ce ( ,comp>ative ,religion4 ,?is la/ is ,*ri/ianity's own *ild4 ,o!r sci5ces1 su* z geography & a/ronomy1 may h be5 born among l&s & nations outside ( & ev5 be=e ,*ri/5dom4 ,o!r sci5ces1 su* z geology1 may h _h _! rise 9 ,*ri/ian "t & 9 ,*ri/ian l&s1 _! f\ndation l9es laid & _! ma9 processes illu/rat$ by ,*ri/ian m51 :i* yet _c be claim$ by ,*ri/ianity z h] *ildr5 be>+ h] own lik5ess & image2 b ! sci5ce ( ,comp>ative ,religion is ! direct (fspr+ ( ! religion ( ,jesus4 ,x is a di/9ctively ,*ri/ian sci5ce4 ,x is s because x is a product ( ,*ri/ian civilization1 & because x f9ds its impulse 9 t fre$om ( inquiry :i* ,*ri/ianity fo/]s4#b ,*ri/ian s*ol>s began ! inve/igations1 =mulat$ ! pr9ciples1 collect$ ! mat]ials & re>$ ! already spl5did fabric ( ! sci5ce ( ,comp>ative ,religion1 because ! _s ( ,*ri/ :i* 0 9 !m did signify ?is4 ,jesus bade 8 disciples se>*1 inquire1 disc]n & comp>e4 ,paul1 ! greate/ ( ! apo/olic ,*ri/ian college1 taught3 ,prove all ?+s2 hold fa/ t :i* is good4 ,9 our day "o ( ,*ri/'s lov+ foll[]s#c express$ ! _s ( h] ,ma/] 9 h] favorite motto1 ,tru? = au?ority1 n au?ority = tru?4 ,well says ,dr4 ,james ,legge1 a pr9ce among s*ol>s1 & translator ( ! ,*9ese classics1 :o has add$ sev]al portly volumes to ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]'s s]ies ( ! ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 ^: face to-day is bronz$ & ^: hair is :it5$ by fifty ye>s ( s]vice 9 s\!rn ,*9a :]e ) 8 own h&s he baptiz$ six hundr$ ,*9am53#d ,! m t a man possesses ! ,*ri/ian _s1 & is gov]n$ by ,*ri/ian pr9ciple1 ! m anxi\s w he be to d ju/ice to e o!r sy/em ( religion1 & to hold 8 own )\t ta9t or fett] ( bigotry4#e ,x 0 ,*ri/ianity t1 9 a c\ntry :]e ! religion ( ,jesus has fulle/ lib]ty1 call$ ! ,p>liam5t ( ,religions1 & ?is = reasons cle>ly manife/4 ,only ,*ri/ians _h & h ! requisites ( success1 viz43 suffici5t int]e/ 9 o!r m5 & religions2 ! necess>y unity ( fai? & purpose2 & above all1 ! brave & bold disreg>d ( ! consequ5ces4 ,*ri/ianity calls ! ,p>liam5t ( ,religions1 foll[+ out ! ,div9e audacity ( ,him :o1 s (t51 confront+ worldly wisdom & prie/ly cunn+1 said to 8 disciples1 ,?9k n1 be n anxi\s1 take no he$1 be c>eful = no?+--only = love & tru?4 ,i am n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil4 ,( all places !re=e1 ! /udy ( comp>ative religion is mo/ appropriate 9 a ,*ri/ian !ological sem9>y4 ,we mu/ "k h[ our fell[-m5 ?9k & believe1 9 ord] to help !m4 ,x is our duty to discov] ! pa?ways ( approa* to _! m9ds & he>ts4 ,we mu/ %[ !m1 z our bre?r5 & *ildr5 ( ! same ,heav5ly ,fa!r1 ! common gr\nd on :i* we all /&4 ,we mu/ po9t !m to ! great] tru? 9 ! ,bible & 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 & demon/rate :]e9 bo? ! div9ely inspir$ libr>y & ! tru? writt5 9 a div9e-human life fulfil t :i* is lack+ 9 _! books & ma/]s4 ,to "k j h[ to d ?is is k to be covet$ z a mo/ excell5t gift4 ,an und]/&+ ( ! religion ( our fell[-m5 is good1 bo? = him :o goes z a mission>y & = him :o at home prays1 ,?y k+dom come4 ,! !ological sem9>y1 :i* beg9s ! sy/ematic & sympa!tic /udy ( ,comp>ative ,religion & fills ! *air ) a pr(essor :o has a vital z well z academic int]e/ 9 ! welf>e ( 8 fell[-m5 :o z yet "k n ,jesus z ,*ri/ & ,"l1 is sure to lead 9 effective mission>y "w4 ,! /ud5ts ?us equipp$ w be furni%$ z none o!rs are1 to beg9 at once ! campaign ( help & w>f>e ( love4 ,x may be t insight into & sympa?y ) ! /ruggles ( m5 :o are grop+ aft] ,god1 if haply !y may f9d him1 w %ort5 ! polemic sword ( ! pr(essional conv]t] ^: only purpose is de/ructive ho/ility )\t tactics or /rategy1 or ^: *ief idea ( mission>y success is 9 /ati/ics1 9 black5+ ! "* ( ! hea!n1 9 s5sational lett]s = home consumption & reports prop]ly cook$ & s]v$ = ! secret>ial & sect>ian palates4 ,yet1 if true 9 hi/ory1 ,greek1 ,roman1 ,japanese1 x is also true 9 ! mission>y w>s1 t ! race t %ort5s its weapons l5g!ns its b\nd>ies4#f ,ap>t f ! wit or ! measure ( tru? 9 ?is s5t5ce quot$1 x is a matt] ( tru? 9 ! g5]alizations ( fact t ! figure ( ! sword ( ! _s1 :i* is ! ^w ( ,god1 us$ by ,paul1 & also ! figure ( ! ^w ( ,god1 liv+ & active1 %>p] ?an any two-edg$ sword1 & pi]c+ ev5 to ! divid+ ( ! s\l & _s1 ( bo? jo9ts & m>r[1 & quick to disc]n ! ?\ghts & int5ts ( ! he>t1 ( ! writ] to ! ,hebrews1 _h = _! orig9al 9 iron ! victori\s gladium ( ! ,roman legion>y--a weapon bo? %ort & %>p4 ,we may le>n f ?is sub/ance ( fact beh9d ! %ad[ ( ! figure a lesson = our in/ant application4 ,! discipl9$ ,romans scorn$ ! long blades ( ! b>b>ians1 ^: valor s (t5 impetu\s 0 also impot5t aga9/ discipl9e4 ,! ,romans measur$ _! blades by in*es1 n by feet4 ,= ages ! ,japanese sword has be5 fam$ = its temp] m ?an its weight4#g ,! ,*ri/ian ent]+ ^u 8 ,ma/]'s campaigns ) z little imp$im5ts ( sect>ian dogma z possible1 %\ld select a weapon t is %ort1 sure & div9ely temp]$4 ,to "k exactly ! defects ( ! religion we seek to aboli%1 modify1 supplem5t1 supplant or fulfil1 means wise economy ( =ce4 ,to get at ! secrets ( its hold ^u ! p we hope to conv]t leads to a "r use ( p[]4 ,9 a ^w1 k ( ! oppos+ religion1 & especially ( ali5 language1 lit]ature & ways ( feel+ & ?9k+1 l5g!ns mission>y life4 ,a man :o does n "k ! m\lds ( ?\ght ( 8 he>]s is l a swordsman try+ to fight at long range b only beat+ ! air4 ,arm$ ) k & sympa?y1 ! mission>y smites ) effect at close qu>t]s4 ,he kn[s ! vital spots4 ,let me =tify my own convictions & conclude ?is prelim9>y "p ( my lectures by quot+ aga91 n f academic au?orities1 b f active mission>ies :o are or h be5 at ! front & 9 ! field4#h ,! ,rev4 ,samuel ,beal1 au?or ( ,buddhism 9 ,*9a1 said 7p4 #ai7 t x 0 pla9 to him t no real "w c\ld be done among ! p ( ,*9a & ,japan by mission>ies until ! sy/em ( _! belief 0 und]/ood4 ,! ,rev4 ,james ,mac,donald1 a vet]an mission>y 9 ,africa1 9 ! conclud+ *apt] ( 8 v able "w on ,religion & ,my?1 says3 ,! ,*ur* t fir/ adopts = h] int5d+ mission>ies ! /udy ( ,comp>ative ,religion z a sub/itute = subjects n[ taught w lead ! van 9 ! pa? ( true progress4 ,! ,p ( ,japan4 ,9 ?is fai? !n1 9 ! _s ( ,him :o said1 ,i come n to de/roy b to fulfil1 let u ca/ our eyes ^u t "p ( ! _w :]e lies ! empire ( ,japan ) its =ty-"o millions ( s\ls4 ,"h we h n a c\ntry l ,india--a va/ conglom]ation ( nations1 languages & religions occupy+ a p59sula itself l a cont95t1 ^: hi/ory consi/s ( a /ratification ( _m civilizations4 ,nor h we "h a seem+ly in]t mass ( humanity 9 a political /ructure bl5d+ democracy & imp]ialism1 z 9 ,*9a1 s great 9 age1 area & numb]s z to we>y ! imag9ation t /rives to grasp ! details4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ,dai ,nippon1 or ,great ,l& ( ! ,sun's ,orig91 we h a little c\ntry easy ( /udy4 ,9 geology x is "o ( ! y\nge/ ( l&s4 ,its kn[n hi/ory is comp>atively mod]n4 ,its area r\ghly reckon$ z #aej1jjj squ>e miles1 is ab\t t ( our ,dakotas or ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,! c5sus complet$ ,decemb] #ca1 #ahib1 illu/rates "h1 z all ov] ! _w1 nature's argum5t aga9/ polygamy4 ,x tells u t ! relation betwe5 ! sexes is1 num]ically at lea/1 normal4 ,!re 7 #bj1geb1cff males & #bj1ccg1egd females1 mak+ a population ( #da1jhi1idj s\ls4 ,all ^! p are subjects ( ! "o emp]or1 & except+ few] ?an tw5ty ?\s& savages 9 ! nor!rn isl&s call$ ,a9os1 speak "o language & =m sub/antially "o race4 ,ev5 ! ,riu ,kiu isl&]s are ,japanese 9 language1 cu/oms & religion4 ,9 a ^w1 except 9 m9or diff]5ces appreciable or at lea/ important only to ! special /ud5t1 ! mod]n ,japanese are a homog5e\s p4 ,9 orig9 & =mation1 ?is p is a composite ( _m tribes4 ,r\ghly outl9+ ! e?nology ( ,japan1 we %\ld say t ! aborig9es 7 immigrants f ! cont95t ) ,malay re9=cem5t 9 ! s\?1 ,koreans 9 ! c5tre1 & ,a9os 9 ! ea/ & nor?1 ) occasional /ra9s ( blood at diff]5t p]iods f v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,asian ma9l&4 ,9 brief1 ! ,japanese are a v mix$ race4 ,au!ntic hi/ory be=e ! ,*ri/ian era is unkn[n4 ,at "s po9t ( "t1 probably lat] ?an ,a4,d4 #bjj1 a conqu]+ tribe1 "o ( _m f ! ,asian ma9l&1 began to be p>am\nt on ! ma9 isl&4 ,ab\t ! f\r? c5tury some?+ l hi/oric ev5ts & p]sonages beg9 to be visible1 b no ,japanese writ+s are old] ?an ! e>ly "p ( ! eigh? c5tury1 ?\gh almanacs & means ( measur+ "t are f\nd 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,:atev] ,japan may be 9 leg5d & my?ology1 %e is 9 fact & 9 hi/ory y\ng] ?an ,*ri/ianity4 ,h] l9e ( rul]s1 z alleg$ 9 old (ficial docum5ts & o/5tati\sly reaffirm$ 9 ! fir/ article ( ! con/itution ( #ahhi1 to be unbrok5 = ages et]nal1 is no old] ?an t ( ! popes4 ,let u n ?9k ( ,aryan or ,*9ese antiquity :5 we talk ( ,japan4 ,h] hi/ory z a /ate began :5 ! ,roman empire fell4 ,! ,g]manic nations em]g$ into hi/ory long be=e ! ,japanese4 ,r\ghly outl9+ ! political & religi\s life ( ! anci5t ,japanese1 we note t _! fir/ sy/em ( gov]nm5t 0 a rude sort ( feudalism impos$ by ! conqu]ors & 0 syn*ron\s ) aborig9al feti*ism1 nature wor%ip1 ance/ral sacrifices1 sun-wor%ip & possibly b n probably1 a v rude sort ( mono!ism ak9 to ! primitive ,*9ese cultus4#i ,almo/ contempor>y ) ,buddhism1 its introduction & mission>y developm5t1 0 ! /ruggle = c5traliz$ imp]ialism borr[$ f ! ,*9ese & consolidat$ 9 ! p]iod f ! sev5? to ! twelf? c5tury4 ,dur+ mo/ ( ?is "t ,%9t1 or ! primitive religion1 0 ov]%ad[$ :ile ! ,confucian e?ics 7 taught4 ,f ! twelf? to ?is n9ete5? c5tury feudalism 9 politics & ,buddhism 9 religion prevail$1 ?\gh ,confucianism furni%$ ! social laws or rules ( daily conduct4 ,s9ce ! epo*al ye> ( #ahfh1 ) imp]ialism ree/abli%$ & ! feudal sy/em aboli%$1 ,%9t has _h a visible revival1 be+ kept alive by gov]nm5t patronage4 ,buddhism1 ?\gh politically dise/abli%$1 is /ill ! popul> religion ) rec5t increase ( life1#aj :ile ,confucianism is decid$ly los+ =ce4 ,*ri/ianity has begun its promis+ c>e]4 ,! ,amalgam ( ,religions4 ,yet 9 ! imp]ial & con/itutional ,japan ( our day x is /ill true ( probably at lea/ ?irty-eight millions ( ,japanese t _! religion is n "o1 ,%9t1 ,confucianism or ,buddhism1 b an amalgam ( all ?ree4 ,!re is n 9 e-day life t %>p di/9ction betwe5 ^! religions :i* ! native or =eign s*ol> makes1 & :i* bo? hi/ory & philosophy dem& %all be made = ! /ud5t at lea/4 ,us+ ! te*nical language ( ,*ri/ian !ologians1 ,%9t furni%es !ology1 ,confucianism an?ropology & ,buddhism sot]iology4 ,! av]age ,japanese le>ns ab\t ! gods & draws inspiration = 8 patriotism f ,%9t1 maxims = 8 e?ical & social life f ,confucius1 & 8 hope ( :at he reg>ds z salvation f ,buddhism4 ,or1 z a native s*ol>1 ,nobuta ,ki%imoto1#aa expresses x1 ,9 ,japan ^! ?ree diff]5t sy/ems ( religion & morality are n only liv+ toge!r on fri5dly t]ms ) "o ano!r1 b1 9 fact1 !y are bl5d$ toge!r 9 ! m9ds ( ! p1 :o draw necess>y n\ri%m5t f all ( ^! s\rces4 ,"o & ! same ,japanese is bo? a ,%9ti/1 a ,confuciani/1 & a ,buddhi/4 ,he plays a triple "p1 s to speak 444 ,our religion may be lik5$ to a triangle4444 ,%9tism furni%es ! object1 ,confucianism (f]s ! rules ( life1 :ile ,buddhism supplies ! way ( salvation2 s y see we ,japanese are eclectic 9 ev]y?+1 ev5 9 religion4 ,^! ?ree religi\s sy/ems z at pres5t con/itut$1 are book religions4 ,!y re/1 respectively1 ^u ! ,kojiki & o!r anci5t ,japanese lit]ature & ! mod]n comm5tators2 ^u ! ,*9ese classics edit$ & comm5t$ on by ,confucius & ^u ,*u ,hi & o!r m$iaeval s*ola/ics :o comm5t$ ^u ,confucius2 & ^u ! %a/ras & sutras ) :i* ,gautama1 ! ,buddha1 _h some?+ to d4 ,yet 9 primeval & prehi/oric ,nippon nei!r ^! books nor ! religions gr[+ out ( ! books 7 extant4 ,fur!rmore1 /rictly speak+1 x is n ) any or all ( ^! ?ree religions t ! ,*ri/ian mission>y comes fir/1 (t5e/ or longe/ 9 contact4 ,9 anci5t1 9 m$iaeval1 & 9 mod]n times ! /ud5t notices a great und]gr[? ( sup]/ition cl++ p>asitically to all religions1 ?\gh =mally recogniz$ by none4 ,:e!r we call x feti*ism1 %amanism1 nature wor%ip or hea!nism 9 its myriad =ms1 x is !re 9 awful reality4 ,x is z omnipres5t1 z p]si/5t1 z h>d to kill z ! scrub bamboo :i* bo? effici5tly & suffici5tly takes ! place ( ?orns & ?i/les z ! curse ( ,japanese gr\nd4 ,! book-religions c be m or less appreh5d$ by ^? ali5 to !m1 b to fully appreciate ! dep?1 ext5t1 influ5ce & t5acity ( ^! ar*aic1 unwritt5 & un=mulat$ beliefs requires resid5ce ^u ! soil & life among ! devotees4 ,dis[n$ x may be by ! prie/s & sages1 indignantly disclaim$ or secretly approv$ 9 "p by ! organiz$ religions1 ?is great und]gr[? ( sup]/ition is z app>5t z ! silici\s bamboo grass :i* ev]y:]e conditions & modifies ,japanese agriculture4 ,su* preval5ce ( m5tal & spiritual disease is ! sad fact t confronts e lov] ( 8 fell[-m54 ,?is paganism is m anci5t & univ]sal ?an any "o ( ! religions f\nd$ on writ+ or tea*]s ( "n & fame4 ,ev5 ! appli$ sci5ce & ! wond]ful inv5tions import$ f ! ,we/1 s f> f eradicat+ x1 only s]ve z ! iron-clad man-(-w> 9 w>m salt wat] s]ves ! b>nacles1 furni%+ !m food & hold4 ,we propose to give 9 ?is our fir/ lecture1 a g5]al or bird's-eye view ( ?is dead level ( paganism above :i* ! sy/ems ( ,%9t1 ,confucianism & ,buddhism t[] l m\nta9s4 ,x 9 by ?is omnipres5t sup]/ition t ! respectable religi\s h be5 condition$ 9 _! hi/ory & are modifi$ at pres5t1 ev5 z ,*ri/ianity has be5 influ5c$ 9 its progress by e?nic or local ideas & temp]am5ts1 & w be yet 9 its c\rse ( victory 9 ! ,mikado's empire4 ,j z ! t]ms hea!n 7happily no long]1 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion ( ! ,engli% ,bible7 & pagan sugge/ ! hea?-man ( ,nor!rn ,europe & ! isolat$ hamlet ( ! ,roman empire1 :ile ! cities 7 illum9at$ ) ,*ri/ian tru?1 s1 9 ! ma91 ! matt$ sup]/iti\s ( ,*9ese ,asia are m sugge/ive ( di/ances f books & c5tres ( k1 ?\gh /ill suffici5tly root$ 9 ! cr[d$ cities4 ,"o to :om ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ! ,creator & 8 _w is p]fectly cle>1 "o :o kn[s ! et]nal diff]5ce betwe5 m9d & matt]1 "o born amid ! triumphs ( sci5ce c b fa9tly realize ! m5tal condition ( ! millions ( ,japan to :om !re is no unify+ ?\ght ( ! ,creator-,fa!r4 ,fai? 9 ! unity ( law is ! f\ndation ( all sci5ce1 b ! av]age ,asiatic has n ?is ?\ght or fai?4 ,appall$ at 8 own insignificance amid ! sublime my/]ies & awful imm5sities ( nature1 ! %ad[s ( 8 own m9d become to him real exi/5ces4 ,z x is affirm$ t ! human sk91 s5sitive to ! effects ( light1 takes ! photograph ( ! tree riv5 by lightn+1 s1 on ! pagan m9d lie 9 ineffaceable & exagg]at$ grotesqu5ess ! sc>s ( impressions left by h]$it>y tea*+1 by natural ph5om5a & by ! memory ( ev5ts & ( l&m>ks4 ,out ( ! soil ( diseas$ imag9ation has sprung up a gr[? z t]rible z ! drunk>d's phantasies4 ,! e>?quake1 flood1 tidal wave1 fam9e1 )]+ or deva/at+ w9d & poison\s gases1 ! geological mon/]s & rav5+ bird1 bea/ & fi%1 h _! repres5tatives or suppos$ inc>nations 9 my?ical phantasms4 ,frightful z ^! %ad[s ( ! m9d appe>1 !y are bo? v real &1 9 a s5se1 v necess>y to ! ignorant man4 ,he mu/ h "s !ory by :i* to expla9 ! ph5om5a ( nature & soo! 8 own t]rors4 ,h5ce he peoples ! e>? & wat]1 n only ) invisible spirits m or less malevol5t1 b also ) bodily pres5ces usually 9 t]rific be/ial =m4 ,to ^? :o believe 9 "o ,_s p]vad+1 ord]+1 gov]n+ all ?+s1 !re is unity amid all ph5om5a1 & ! univ]se is all ord] & beauty4 ,to ! m9d :i* has n rea*$ ?is height ( simplicity1 in/ead ( "o cause !re are _m4 ,! div]se ph5om5a ( nature are br\ght ab\t by spirits innum]able1 w>r+ & discordant4 ,in/ead ( a unity to ! m9d1 z ( sun & sol> sy/em1 !re is no?+ b planets1 a/]oids & a con/ant ra9 ( %oot+-/>s4 ,%amanism4 ,glanc+ at "s phases ( ! actual unwritt5 religions ( ,japan we "n ,%amanism1 ,my?ical ,zology1 ,feti*ism1 ,phallicism1 & ,tree & ,s]p5t ,wor%ip4 ,9 actual ,%amanism or ,animism !re may or !re may n be a belief 9 or conception ( a s+le all-p[]ful ,creator above & beyond all4#ab ,usually !re is n su* a belief1 ?\gh1 ev5 if !re be1 ! actual gov]nm5t ( ! physical _w & its surr\nd+s is believ$ to lie 9 ! h&s ( _m spirits or gods b5evol5t & malevol5t4 ,e>?1 air1 wat]1 all ?+s teem ) be+s t are malevol5t & con/antly active4 ,9 "t ( disa/]1 fam9e1 epidemic ! univ]se seems z ov]cr[d$ ) !m z /agnant wat] seems to be :5 ! sol> microscope ?r[ its cont5ts into app>ition ^u ! scre54 ,x is absolutely necess>y to propitiate ^! spirits by magic rites & incantations4 ,among ! tribes ( ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,*9ese ,empire & ! ,a9os ( ,japan ?is ,%amanism exi/s z some?+ l an organiz$ cultus4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be h>d to f9d any "p ( ,*9ese ,asia f ,korea to ,annam or f ,tibet to ,=mosa1 n dom9at$ by ?is belief 9 ! p[] & pres5ce ( m9or spirits4 ,! ,a9os ( ,yezo may be call$ ,%amani/s or ,animi/s2 t is1 _! m9ds are cramp$ & confus$ by _! belief 9 a multitude ( inf]ior spirits :om !y wor%ip & propitiate by rites & incantations ?r\gh _! m$ic9e-man or sorc]]4 ,h[ !y :ittle /icks1 keep+ on ! fr+e ( curl$ %av+s1 & set up ^!1 call$ inao 9 places :5ce evil is suspect$ to lurk1 & h[ ! %aman conducts 8 exorcisms & works 8 heal+s1 are told 9 ! works ( ! travell] & ! mission>y4#ac ,9 ! w& ( %av+s ?us re>$ we see ! same motive z t :i* induc$ ! ,mikado 9 ! eigh? c5tury to build ! great mona/]ies on ,hiyizan1 nor!a/ ( ,kito1 ?is be+ ! qu>t] 9 :i* ,buddhi/ sup]/ition locates ! pa? ( advanc+ evil1 to w>d (f malevol5ce by litanies & inc5se4 ,or1 ! inao is a sort ( lightn+-rod conductor by :i* imp5d+ mis*ief may be l$ h>mlessly away4 ,yet1 besides ! ,a9os1#ad !re are millions ( ,japanese :o are ,%amani/s1 ev5 ?\gh !y "k n ! "n or organiz$ cult4 ,& if we make use ( ! t]m ,%amanism in/ead ( ! m exact "o ( ,animism1 x is = ! v purpose ( illu/rat+ our cont5tion t ! und]ly+ paganisms ( ! ,japanese ar*ipelago1 unwritt5 & un=mulat$1 are old] ?an ! religions f\nd$ on books2 & t ^! paganisms1 /ill vital & p]si/5t1 con/antly modify & corrupt ! recogniz$ religi\s4 ,! t]m ,%aman1 a ,pali ^w1 0 orig9ally a pure ,buddhi/ t]m mean+ "o :o has sep>at$ f 8 family & 8 passions4 ,"o ( ! designations ( ! ,buddha 0 ,%amana-,gautama4 ,! same ^w1 ,%amon1 9 ,japanese /ill means a bonze1 or ,buddhi/ prie/4 ,its appropriation by ! sorc]]s1 m$ic9e-m51 & lords ( ! misrule ( sup]/ition 9 ,mongolia & ,man*uria %[s decisively h[ indig5\s paganism has corrupt$ ! ,buddhism ( nor!rn ,asia ev5 z x has caus$ its decay 9 ,japan4 ,z out ( ,animism or ,%amanism gr[s ,feti*ism 9 :i* a visible object is f\nd = ! abode or m$ium ( ! _s1 s also1 out ( ! same soil arises :at we may call ,imag9>y ,zology4 ,9 ?is m5tal gr[?1 ! nightm>e ( ! diseas$ imag9ation or ( ! m9d unable to draw ! l9e betwe5 ! real & ! unreal1 ,*9ese ,asia diff]s notably f ! ,aryan _w4 ,) ! my?ical mon/]s ( ,india & ,iran we are acqua9t$1 & ) ^? ( ! ,semitic & anci5t ,european cycle ( ideas :i* furni%$ u ) our anci5ts & classics we are famili>4 ,! lovely pres5ces 9 human =m1 ! semi-human & be/ial creations1 sph9xes1 naiads1 satyrs1 fauns1 h>pies1 griff9s1 ) :i* ! fancy ( ! ,m$it]ranean nations populat$ gl51 grotto1 m\nta9 & /ream1 are probably outnumb]$ by ! less beautiful & ev5 hide\s m9d-%ad[s ( ! ,turanian _w4 ,*ief among ^! are :at 9 ,*9ese lit]ature1 s slavi%ly borr[$ by ! ,japanese1 are call$ ! f\r sup]natural or spiritually end[$ creatures--! ,kir9 or ,unicorn1 ! ,pho5ix1 ! ,tortoise & ! ,dragon4#ae ,my?ical ,zology4 ,( ! fir/ species ! ki is ! male1 ! l9 is ! female1 h5ce ! "n ,kil94 ,! ,japanese hav+ no l1 pron\nce ?is ,kir94 ,its appe>ance on ! e>? is reg>d$ z a happy port5t ( ! adv5t ( good gov]nm5t or ! bir? ( m5 :o are to prove virtu\s rul]s4 ,x has ! body ( a de]1 ! tail ( an ox1 & a s+le1 s(t horn4 ,z mess5g] ( m]cy & b5evol5ce1 ! ,kir9 nev] treads on a live insect or eats gr[+ grass4 ,lat] philosophy made ?is imag9>y bea/ ! inc>nation ( ^? five primordial elem5ts--e>?1 air1 wat]1 fire & e!r ( :i* all ?+s1 includ+ man's body1 are made & :i* are symboliz$ 9 ! %apes ( ! cube1 globe1 pyramid1 sauc] & tuft ( rays 9 ! ,japanese grave/ones4 ,x is said to atta9 ! age ( a ?\s& ye>s1 to be ! noble/ =m ( ! animal creation & ! emblem ( p]fect good4 ,9 ,*9ese & ,japanese art ?is creature holds a prom95t place1 & 9 lit]ature ev5 m s4 ,x is n only "p ( ! rep]toire ( ! arti/'s symbols 9 ! ,*9ese _w ( ideas1 b is almo/ a necessity to ! m\lds ( ?\ght 9 ea/]n ,asia4 ,yet x is old] ?an ,confucius or ! book-religions1 & its conception %[s "o ( ! nobl] sides ( ,animism4 ,! ,f5g-hwang or ,pho5ix1 ,japanese ,h-w1 ! second ( ! inc>nations ( ! spirits1 is ( wondr\s =m & my/ic nature4 ,! r>e adv5t ( ?is bird ^u ! e>? is1 l t ( ! kir9 or unicorn1 a presage ( ! adv5t ( virtu\s rul]s & good gov]nm5t4 ,x has ! head ( a pheasant1 ! beak ( a swall[1 ! neck ( a tortoise1 & ! features ( ! dragon & fi%4 ,its colors & /ream+ fea!rs are gorge\s ) iridian %e51 comb9+ ! spl5dors ( ! pheasant & ! peacock4 ,its five colors symbolize ! c>d9al virtues ( uprightness ( m9d1 ob$i5ce1 ju/ice1 fidelity & b5evol5ce4 ,! male bird ,h1 & female w1 by _! insep>able fell[%ip furni% ! arti/1 poet & lit]>y writ] ) ! orig9als ( ! t5 ?\s& ref]5ces :i* are f\nd 9 ,*9ese & its d]iv$ lit]atures4 ,( ?is my/ic ,pho5ix a ,*9ese diction>y ?us gives description3 ,! ,pho5ix is ( ! ess5ce ( wat]2 x 0 born 9 ! v]milion cave2 x p]*es n b on ! mo/ beautiful ( all trees2 x eats n b ( ! se$ ( ! bamboo2 its body is adorn$ ) ! five colors2 its song conta9s ! five notes2 z x walks x looks ar\nd2 z x flies ho/s ( birds foll[ x4 ,old] ?an ! elaborate descriptions ( x & its repres5tations 9 art1 ! ,h-w is "o ( ! creations ( primitive ,*9ese ,animism4 ,! ,kwei or ,tortoise is n ! actual horny reptile kn[n to naturali/s & to common exp]i5ce1 b a _s1 an animat$ creature t ages ago rose up out ( ! ,yell[ ,riv]1 hav+ on its c>apace ! my/ic writ+ out ( :i* ! leg5d>y f\nd] ( ,*9ese civilization deciph]$ ! basis ( moral tea*+s & ! secrets ( ! unse54 ,f ?is div9e tortoise :i* conceiv$ by ?\ght alone1 all o!r tortoises sprang4 ,9 ! elaboration ( ! my?s & leg5ds conc]n+ ! tortoise we f9d _m v>ieties ( ?is scaly inc>nation4 ,x lives a ?\s& ye>s1 h5ce x is emblem ( longevity 9 art & lit]ature4 ,x is ! att5dant ( ! god ( ! wat]s4 ,x has "s ( ! qualities & en]gies ( ! dragon1 x has ! p[] ( trans=mation4 ,9 pictures & sculptures we are famili> ) its figure1 (t5 ( colossal size1 z =m+ ! curb ( a well1 ! base ( a monum5t or tablet4 ,yet1 :atev] its =m 9 lit]ature or art1 x is ! lat] elaborat$ repres5tation ( anci5t ,animism :i* select$ ! tortoise z "o ( ! manifold inc>nations or m$ia ( ! myriad spirits t populate ! air4 ,*ief & lead] ( ! f\r div9ely con/itut$ bea/s is ! ,lung1 ,japanese ,ri1 or ,dragon1 :i* has ! p[] ( trans=mation & ( mak+ itself visible or invisible4 ,at w x r$uces itself to ! size ( a silk-worm1 or is swoll5 until x fills ! space ( heav5 & e>?4 ,?is is ! creature especially preem95t 9 art1 lit]ature & rhetoric4 ,!re are n9e k9ds ( dragons1 all ) v>i\s features & functions1 & arti/s & au?ors revel 9 _! repres5tation4 ,! cele/ial dragon gu>ds ! mansions ( ! gods & supports !m le/ !y fall2 ! spiritual dragon causes ! w9ds to bl[ & ra9 to desc5d = ! s]vice ( mank9d2 ! e>? dragon m>ks out ! c\rses ( riv]s & /reams2 ! dragon ( ! hidd5 treasures wat*es ov] ! weal? conceal$ f mortals1 etc4 ,outw>dly1 ! dragon ( sup]/ition resembles ! geological mon/]s br\ght to resurrection by our paleontologi/s4 ,he seems to inc>nate all ! attributes & =ces ( animal life--vigor1 rapidity ( motion1 endurance1 p[] ( (f5ce 9 horn1 ho(1 claw1 too?1 nail1 scale & fi]y brea?4 ,be+ ! embodim5t ( all =ce ! dragon is especially symbolical ( ! emp]or4 ,usually associat$ ) malevol5ce1 "o sees1 besides ! conv5tional art & lit]ature ( civilization1 ! primitive animi/ic idea ( m5 to ^: m9d ?is my/]i\s univ]se _h no unity1 :o believ$ 9 myriad discordant spirits b knew n ( "o ,law-giv]1 :o is able bo? to save & to de/roy4 ,an enl>gem5t1 possibly1 ( prehi/oric man's rem9isc5ce ( n[ ext9ct mon/]s1 ! dragon is1 9 its arti/ic developm5t1 a my?ical embodim5t ( all ! p[]s ( moi/ure to bless & to h>m4 ,we %all see h[1 :5 ,buddhism ent]$ ,*9a1 ! cobra-de-capello1 s (t5 figur$ 9 ! ,buddhi/ic repres5tations ( ,india1 is replac$ by ! dragon4 ,yet besides ^! f\r inc>nations ( ! spirits t misrule ! _w !re is a ho/1 a m5ag]ie ( my?ical mon/]s4 ,9 ,korea1 "o ( ! ,asian c\ntries ri*e/ 9 demonology1 bea/ wor%ip is v preval5t4 ,my?ical w+$ tig]s & fly+ s]p5ts ) attributes ( fire1 lightn+ & comb9ations ( =ces n f\nd 9 any "o creature1 are common to ! popul> fancy4 ,9 ,japan1 ! kappa1 half monkey half tortoise1 :i* seizes *ildr5 ba?+ 9 ! riv]s1 z real to millions ( ! native common folk z is ! %>k or porpoise2 ! fly+-weasel1 t moves 9 ! :irlw9d ) sickle-l blades on 8 claws1 :i* cut ! face ( ! un=tunate2 ! w9d-god or imp t lets loose ! gale or /orm2 ! ?und]-imp or hairy1 cat-l creature t on ! cl\d-edges beats 8 drums 9 cra%1 roll1 or rattle2 ! e>?quake-fi% or subt]ranean bull-head or cat-fi% t wriggles & wri!s1 caus+ ! e>? to %iv]1 %udd] & op52 ! ja or dragon c5tip$e2 ! t5gu or long-nos$ & w+$ m\nta9 sprite1 :i* acts z ! mess5g] ( ! gods1 pull+ out ! tongues ( fibb+1 ly+ *ildr52 besides ! colossal spid]s & my?ical creatures ( ! old /ory-books2 ! foxes1 badg]s1 cats & o!r creatures :i* trans=m !mselves & possess human be+s1 /ill influ5ce ! popul> m9d4 ,^!1 once ! old kami ( ! primitive ,japanese1 or kamui ( ! aborig9al ,a9o1 %[ ! m5tal soil & climate#af :i* 7 to condition ! gr[? ( ! se$ import$ f o!r l&s1 :e!r ( ,buddhism or ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is v h>d to kill a god :ile ! old m9d t grew & n\ri%$ him /ill rema9s ! same4 ,bani% or br& a phantom or m9d-%ad[ once wor%ipp$ z div9e1 & x w appe> z a fairy1 a demon1 a my?ical animal1 or an oni2 b to annihilate x requires _m c5turies ( high] culture4 ,z ) ! sup]/itions & survival ( ,animism & ,feti*ism f our pagan ance/ors among ourselves1 _m ( ! l+]+ beliefs may be h>mless1 b ov] ! mass ( m5 9 ,japan & 9 ,*9ese ,asia !y /ill ex]t a baleful influ5ce4 ,!y make life full ( di/ress2 !y curtail human joy2 !y are a h9drance1 to spiritual progress & to civilization4 ,feti*ism4 ,! animi/ic t5d5cy 9 t "p ( ,asia dom9at$ by ! ,*9ese _w ( ideas %[s itself n only 9 a belief 9 mess5g]s or embodim5ts ( div9e malevol5ce or b5evol5ce1 b also 9 ! location ( ! spiritual influ5ce 9 or ^u an inanimate object or feti*4 ,among m5 9 ,*9ese ,asia1 f ! clodhopp] to ! g5tleman1 ! inh]itance ( ,feti*ism f ! primeval ages is con/antly noticeable4 ,let u glance at ! t]m itself4 ,z ! ,*9aman's ,joss is only 8 own pronunciation ( ! ,portuguese ^w ,deos1 or ! ,lat9 ,deus1 s ! ^w feti* is b ! ,portuguese modification ( ! ,lat9 ^w facticius1 t is feitio4 ,portugal1 beg9n+ ne>ly five hundr$ ye>s ago1 _h ! honor ( s5d+ ! fir/ %ips & crews to explore ! coa/s ( ,africa & ,asia1 & h] sailors by ?is ^w1 n[ ,engli%$ z feti*1 describ$ ! native *>ms or talismans4 ,! ^w feti*ism came into ! ,european languages ?r\gh ! "w ( ,*>les de ,brosses1 :o1 9 #agfj1 wrote on ,du ,culte des ,dieux ,fti*es4 ,9 ,feti*ism1 ! object is treat$ z hav+ p]sonal consci\sness & p[]1 is talk$ )1 wor%ipp$1 pray$ to1 sacrific$ to1 pett$ or ill-treat$ ) ref]5ce to its pa/ or future behavior to its vot>ies4 ,let me draw a picture f actual obs]vation4 ,i look out ( ! w9d[s ( my h\se 9 ,fukui4 ,"h is a peasant :o comes back aft] ! w9t] to prep>e 8 field = cultivation4 ,! man's horizon ( ideas1 l 8 vocabul>y1 is v limit$4 ,8 view ( actual life is b\nd$ by a few rice-fields1 a range ( hills1 & ! village ne> by4 ,possibly "o visit to a city or l>ge t[n has enri*$ 8 exp]i5ce4 ,m probably1 h[ev]1 ! w9d & cl\ds1 ! wea!r1 ! soil1 crops & taxes1 8 family & food & h[ to provide = !m1 are ! ma9 ?\ghts t occupy 8 m9d4 ,be=e he w /rike mattock or spade 9 ! soil1 lay axe to a tree1 collect or burn und]bru%1 he w select a /one1 a slab ( rock or a /ick ( wood1 set x ^u hill side or mud field-b\nd>y1 & to ?is he w b[1 pro/rate himself or pray4 ,to him1 ?is /one or /ick is consecrat$4 ,x has p[] to placate ! spirits & w>d (f _! evil4 ,x is ! m$ium ( communication betwe5 him & !m4 ,n[1 hav+ att5d$1 z he ?9ks1 to ! proprieties 9 ! case1 he proce$s to dig1 pl\gh1 dra91 put 9 ord] & treat soil or wat]1 tree or o!r gr[? z is mo/ conv5i5t = 8 purpose4 ,8 feti* is erect$ to ! honorable spirits4 ,7 ?is n att5d$ to1 "s kn[n or unkn[n bad luck1 s9i/] =tune1 or calamity w\ld befall him4 ,"h1 !n1 is a feti*-wor%ipp]4 ,! /ick or /one is ! m$ium ( communication betwe5 ! man & ! spirits :o c bless or h>m him1 & :i* to 8 m9d are z c\ntlessly num]\s z ! sw>ms ( mosquitoes :i* he drives out ( & away f 8 summ] cottage by smudge fires 9 ,augu/4 ,"o ne$ n travel 9 ,yezo or ,saghal9 to see practical ,feti*ism4 ,g :]e y w 9 ,japan1 !re are feti* wor%ipp]s4 ,among ! c\ntry folk1 ! inaka ( ,japanese p>lance1 ,feti*ism is se5 9 its grosse/ =ms4 ,yet among probably millions ( ,buddhi/s1 especially ( c]ta9 sects1 ! ,ni*ir5 = example1 & ev5 among ! rationali/ic ,confucians1 !re are feti*-wor%ipp]s4 ,r>e is ! ,japanese f>m]1 labor]1 me*anic1 w>d-man1 or hei-m9 ( any trade :o does n we> amulet1 *>m or o!r object :i* he reg>ds ) m or less ( rev]5ce z hav+ relation to ! p[]s t help or h>m4#ag ,9 mo/ ( ! ,buddhi/ temples ^! amulets are sold = ! b5efit ( ! prie/s or ( ! %r9e or mona/]y4 ,n a few ev5 ( ! g5try consid] x be/ to be on ! safe side & we> 9 p\* or purse ^! protectors aga9/ evil4 ,( ! #g1hag1egj h\ses 9 ! empire1 enum]at$ 9 ! c5sus ( #ahib1 x is probable t sev5 millions ( !m are subjects ( insurance by feti*4#ah ,!y are gu>ante$ aga9/ fire1 ?ieves1 lightn+1 plague & pe/il5ce4 ,x is because ( money paid to ! prie/s t ! wood5 policies are duly nail$ on ! walls1 & n on acc\nt ( ! wise application ( ma!matical1 f9ancial or m$ical sci5ce4 ,exam9e also ! pap] packages c>efully ti$ & affix$ above ! transom1 deciph] ! writ+ 9 ink or ! br& left by ! hot iron on ! little slabs ( p9e-wood--!re may be "o or a score ( !m--& :at w y read8 ,names ( ! temples ) date ( issue & seal ( c]tificate f ! prie/s1 mottoes or titles f sacr$ books1 (t5 only a ,sanskrit lett] or monogram1 ( :i* ! prie/-p$l] may long s9ce h =gott5 ! mean+4 ,to build a h\se1 select a cemet]y or proce$ to any ( ! ord9>y ev5ts ( life )\t mak+ use ( "s sort ( mat]ial feti*1 is unusual1 extraord9>y & is vot$ het]odox4 ,long aft] ! bruti% /age ( ?\ght is pa/ ! feti*i/ic in/9ct rema9s 9 ! sacr$ness atta*$ to ! m]e lett] or pap] or p>*m5t ( ! sacr$ book or writ+1 :5 us$ z amulet1 pla/] or m$ic9e4 ,! survivals1 ev5 9 ,buddhism1 ( anci5t & prehi/oric ,feti*ism are _m & (t5 ) und5i$ approval ( ! religi\s au?orities1 especially 9 ^? sects :i* are !mselves rev]sions to primitive & l[] types ( religion4 ,among ! ,a9os ( ,yezo & ,saghal9 ! m$ic9e-man or %aman is decorat$ ) feti*i/ic bric--brac ( all sorts1 & ^! bits ( %ells1 metals1 & o!r cl9k+ sub/ances are believ$ to be m$ia ( communication ) my/]i\s influ5ces & =ces4 ,9 ,korea ?\s&s ( trees b$eck$ ) flutt]+ rags1 cl9k+ scraps ( t91 metal or /one signify ! same ?+4 ,9 ,japan ^! primitive t9kl+ scraps & cl9k+ bun*es ( glass h long s9ce become ! suzu or w9d-bells se5 on ! pagoda :i* t9t9abulate ) e pass+ breeze4 ,! :ittl$ /icks ( ! ,a9o1 non-conductors ( evil & protectors ( ^? :o make & re> !m1 /uck up 9 e place ( awe or suppos$ dang]1 h 9 ! sl[ evolution ( c5turies become ! innum]able flag-poles1 bann]s & /ream]s :i* "o sees at _! matsuris or temple fe/ivals4 ,millions ( t[els & h&k]*iefs /ill flutt] ov] wells & on sacr$ trees4 ,9 old ,japan ! bann]s ( an army almo/ outnumb]$ ! m5 :o f\ght b5ea? !m4 ,today1 at times !y ne>ly conceal ! temples f view4 ,! civiliz$ ,japanese1 hav+ pass$ f> beyond ! ,a9o's /age ( religion1 /ill %[ _! feti*i/ic in/9cts 9 ! v5]ation accord$ to prie/ly inv5tions = rais+ rev5ue4#ai ,?is in/9ct l+]s 9 ! fai? accord$ to m$ic9e 9 ! =m ( decoction1 pill1 bolus or p\ltice made f ! sacr$ writ+ & pi\sly swall[$2 9 ! rev]5ce paid to ! idol = its own sake1 & 9 ! *>m or amulet worn by ! soldi] 9 8 cap or by ! g5tleman 9 8 pill-box1 tobacco-p\* or purse4 ,z ! w ( ! wor%ipp] :o selects ! feti* makes x :at x is1 s also1 by ! ex]cise ( t w he imag9es he c 9 a c]ta9 measure be ! equal or sup]ior ( 8 god4 ,l ! ,italian peasant :o beats or scolds 8 bamb9o :5 8 pray]s are n answ]$ or 8 wi%es gratifi$1 s ! feti* is puni%$ or n all[$ to "k :at is go+ on1 by be+ cov]$ up or hidd5 away4 ,in/ances ( su* r\gh h&l+ ( _! feti*es by ! p are f> f unkn[n 9 ! ,l& ( ,great ,peace4 ,at su* *ildi%ness we may wond] & imag9e t feti*-wor%ip is ! v antipodes ( religion2 & yet x requires b little /udy ( ! l[] ord]s ( m9d & conduct 9 ,*ri/5dom to see h[ feti*-wor%ip /ill l+]s among p call$ ,*ri/ians1 :e!r ! feti* be ! image ( a sa9t or ! ,virg91 or a v]se ( ! ,bible f\nd at r&om & us$ mu* z is a p5ny-toss to decide m9or actions4 ,or1 to look f>!r s\?1 :at means ! rabbit's foot c>ri$ 9 ! pocket or ! v>i\s articles ( fai? n[ hang+ 9 ! limbo betwe5 religion & folk-lore 9 v>i\s p>ts ( our own c\ntry8 ,phallicism4 ,fur!r illu/rations ( f> ,ea/]n ,animism & ,feti*ism are se5 9 =ms once va/ly m preval5t 9 ,japan ?an n[4 ,inde$1 s f> improv$ (f ! face ( ! e>? are !y1 t "s are already matt]s ( memory or ar*ology1 & _! v exi/5ce ev5 9 =m] days is ne>ly or :olly incr$ible to ! g5]ation born s9ce #ahfh--:5 ,old ,japan began to vani% 9 dissolv+ views & ,new ,japan to em]ge4 ,:at ! au?or has se5 ) 8 own eyes1 w\ld amaze _m ,japanese born s9ce #ahfh & ! read]s ( ! rhapsodies ( t\ri/s :o /udy ,japan f ! j9-riki-%a4 ,phases ( tree & s]p5t wor%ip are /ill q common1 & w be probably = g5]ations to come2 b ! phallic %r9es & emblems aboli%$ by ! gov]nm5t 9 #ahgb h be5 s f> invisible to mo/ liv+ travell]s & natives1 t _! once g5]al exi/5ce & use are n[ sc>cely suspect$4 ,ev5 pr(\nd s*ol>s ( ! ,japanese language & lit]ature ^: "w dates f aft] ! ye> #ahgb h sc>cely suspect$ ! univ]sality ( phallic wor%ip4 ,yet :at we c\ld say ( ?is cult & its emblems1 especially 9 treat+ ( ,%9t1 ! special e?nic fai? ( ,japan1 w\ld be f sight ( our own eyes besides ! te/imony ( _m witnesses4#bj ,! cultus has be5 kn[n 9 ! ,japanese ar*ipelago f ,riu ,k9 to ,yezo4 ,despite (ficial edicts ( abolition x is /ill secretly practis$ by ! hea!n1 ! inaka ( ,japan4 ,gov]nm5t law la/s ?ree days1 is an anci5t prov]b 9 ,nippon4 ,%>p eyes h1 )9 ?ree mon?s ( ! writ+ ( ?is l9e1 une>!d a phallic %r9e )9 a /one's-?r[ ( ,%9t's mo/ sacr$ temples at ,is4 ,=m]ly1 h[ev]1 ^! implem5ts ( wor%ip 7 se5 num]\sly--9 ! cornucopia di/ribut$ 9 ! temples1 9 ! matsuris or religi\s processions & 9 repres5tation by v>i\s pla/ic mat]ial--& all ?is until #ahgb1 to an ext5t t is absolutely incr$ible to all except ! eye-witnesses1 "s ( ^: writt5 te/imonies we possess4 ,:at seems to our m9d %ock+ & revolt+ 0 once a "p ( our own ance/ors' fai?1 & until v rec5tly 0 ! p]fectly natural & innoc5t cre$ ( _m millions ( ,japanese & is yet ! same = t5s ( ?\s&s ( !m4 ,we may easily see :y & h[ t :i* to u is a degrad+ cult 0 n only closely alli$ to ,%9t1 b directly fo/]$ by & prop]ly a "p ( x1 z soon z we read ! acc\nt ( ! creation ( ! _w1 an conta9$ 9 ! national ,book ( ,anci5t ,traditions1 ! ,kojiki4 ,sev]al ( ! op5+ p>agraphs ( ?is sacr$ book ( ,%9t are phallic my?s expla9+ cosmogony4 ,yet ! my?s & ! cult are old] ?an ! writ+ & are phases ( primitive ,japanese fai?4 ,! my/]y ( fa!rhood is to ! primitive man ! my/]y ( creation also4 ,to him nei!r ! ?\ght nor ! ^w 0 at h& to put diff]5ce & transc5d5tal sep>ation betwe5 him & :at he wor%ipp$ z a god4 ,into ! details ( ! =m] display & c>riage ( ^! n[ obsc5e symbols 9 ! popul> celebrations2 ( ! behavior ( ev5 respectable citiz5s dur+ ! excitem5t & fr5zy ( ! fe/ivals2 ( _! pres5ce 9 ! wayside %r9es2 ( ! philosophy1 hide\sness or pa?os ( ! subject1 we _c "h ent]4 ,we simply call att5tion to _! exi/5ce1 & to a =m ( ?\ght1 if n ( religion1 prop]ly s-call$1 :i* has surviv$ all import$ sy/ems ( fai? & :i* %[s :at ! native or indig5\s idea ( div9ity really is--an idea t pr(\ndly affects ! organization ( society4 ,to ! enlight5$ ,buddhi/1 ,confucian1 & ev5 ! mod]n ,%9toi/ ! phallus-wor%ipp] is a hea!n1 a pagan1 & yet he /ill practises 8 fai? & rites4 ,x is = u to h9t at ! p[]ful influ5ce su* p]si/5t ideas h ^u ,japanese morals & civilization4 ,/ill fur!r1 we illu/rate ! basic fact :i* all =eign religions & all mission>ies1 ,confucian1 ,buddhi/1 ,mahometan or ,*ri/ian mu/ deal )1 viz43 ,t ! ,ea/]n ,asiatic m9d runs to pan!ism z surely z ! body ( fle% & blood seeks food4 ,tree & ,s]p5t ,wor%ip4 ,9 prehi/oric & m$ieval ,japan1 z among ! ,a9os to-day1 trees & s]p5ts z well z rocks1 riv]s & o!r inanimate objects 7 wor%ipp$1 because su* ( !m z 7 suppos$ = reasons kn[n & felt to be awe-inspir+ or wond]ful 7 kami1 t is1 above ! common1 wond]ful4#ba ,?is ^w kami is usually translat$ god or deity1 b ! t]m does n con=m to our ideas1 by a great gulf ( diff]5ce4 ,x is m ?an probable t ! ,japanese t]m kami is ! same z ! ,a9o ^w kamui1 & t ! despis$ & conqu]$ aborig9al savage has furni%$ ! m\ld ( ! ord9>y ,japanese idea ( god--:i* ev5 to-day ) !m means any?+ wond]ful or extraord9>y4#bb ,f ! days be=e hi/ory ! p h wor%ipp$ trees1 & d s yet1 consid]+ !m z ! abodes ( & z means ( communication ) sup]natural p[]s4 ,on !m ! p hang _! votive (f]+s1 twi/ on ! bran*es _! pray]s writt5 on pap]1 avoid cutt+ d[n1 break+ or 9 any way injur+ c]ta9 trees4 ,! sakaki tree is especially sacr$1 ev5 to ?is day1 9 fun]al or ,%9t s]vices4 ,to w\nd or defile a tree sacr$ to a p>ticul> god 0 to call =? ! v5geance ( ! insult$ deity ^u ! insult]1 or z ! he>] ( pray] ^u ano!r to :om guilt 0 imput$ & puni%m5t 0 due4 ,?us1 9 ! days old] ?an ?is pres5t g5]ation1 b /ill )9 ?is c5tury1 z ! writ] has witness$1 x 0 ! cu/om ( wom5 betray$ by _! lov]s to p]=m ! religi\s act ( v5geance call$ ,u%i toki mairi1 or go+ to ! temple at ! h\r ( ! ox1 t is at #b ,a4,m4 ,fir/ mak+ an image or manik9 ( /raw1 %e set out on h] err& ( rev5ge1 ) nails held 9 h] m\? & ) hamm] 9 "o h& & /raw figure 9 ! o!r1 sometimes also hav+ on h] head a rev]s$ tripod 9 :i* 7 /uck ?ree light$ c&les4 ,arriv+ at ! %r9e %e select$ a tree d$icat$ to a god1 & !n nail$ ! /raw simulacrum ( h] betray] to ! trunk1 invok+ ! kami to curse & annihilate ! de/roy] ( h] peace4 ,%e adjures ! god to save 8 tree1 impute ! guilt ( desecration to ! traitor & visit him ) deadly v5geance4 ,! visit is repeat$ & nails are driv5 until ! object ( ! incantation sick5s & dies1 or is at lea/ suppos$ to d s4 ,i h m ?an once se5 su* trees & /raw images ^u !m1 & h obs]v$ o!rs 9 :i* ! l>ge numb] ( ru/$ nails & fragm5ts ( /raw %[$ h[ t5aci\sly ! sup]/ition l+]$4#bc ,9 in/ances m pleasant to witness1 may be se5 trees fe/oon$ ) ! symbolical rice-/raw 9 cords & fr+es4 ,) ^! ! p honor ! trees z ! abode ( ! kami1 or z evid5ce ( _! fai? 9 ! r5[n accr$it$ 9 ! pa/4 ,9 common ) mo/ human be+s ! ,japanese consid] ! s]p5t an object ( my/]y & awe1 b mo/ ( !m g fur!r & pay ! ophidian a rev]5ce & awe :i* is wor%ip4 ,_! olde/ lit]ature %[s h[ l>ge a "p ! s]p5t play$ 9 ! s-call$ div9e age1 h[ x act$ z prog5itress ( ! ,mikado's ance/ry1 & h[ x af=d$ means ( inc>nation = ! kami or gods4 ,t5 species ( ophidia are kn[n 9 ! ,japanese isl&s1 b 9 ! l>g] numb] ( m or less imag9>y v>ieties :i* figure 9 ! anci5t books we %all f9d pl5ty ( mat]ial = feti*-wor%ip4 ,9 p]us+ ! ,kojiki "o sc>cely kn[s1 :5 he beg9s a /ory1 :e!r ! "* :i* to all appe>ance is a man or woman is to end z a snake1 or :e!r ! "m aft] deliv]+ h] *ild w or w n glide into ! m>% or slide away into ! sea1 leav+ beh9d a trail ( slime4 ,a dragon is ?ree-f\r?s s]p5t1 & bo? ! dragon & ! s]p5t are prom95t figures1 p]haps ! mo/ prom95t ( ! kami or gods 9 human or animal =m 9 ! ,kojiki & o!r e>ly leg5ds ( ! gods1 ?\gh ! crocodile1 cr[1 de]1 dog1 & o!r animals are kami4#bd ,x is !re=e no wond] t s]p5ts h be5 & are /ill wor%ipp$ by ! p1 t "s ( _! gods & goddesses are liable at any "t to slip away 9 scaly =m1 t fam\s temples are built on sites not$ z be+ ! abode or visible place ( ! actual wat] or l& snake ( natural hi/ory1 & t ! spot :]e a s]p5t is se5 to-day is usually m>k$ ) a sacr$ emblem or a %r9e4#be ,we %all see h[ ?is snake-wor%ip became n only a "p ( ,%9t b ev5 a notable feature 9 corrupt ,buddhism4 ,pan!ism's ,de/ruction ( ,b\nd>ies4#bf ,9 its rude/ =ms1 ?is pan!ism bran*es out into animism or %amanism1 feti*ism & phallicism4 ,9 its high] =ms1 x becomes poly!ism1 idolatry & defective philosophy4 ,hav+ c5turies ago corrupt$ ,buddhism x is ! mal>ia :i*1 unse5 & unfelt1 is ready to poison & corrupt ,*ri/ianity4 ,inde$1 x has already giv5 ov] to disease & spiritual dea? m ?an "o once hopeful ,*ri/ian believ]1 tea*] & prea*] 9 ! ,japan ( our decade4 ,to assault & remove ! incubus1 to replace & refill ! m9d1 to lift up & enlight5 ! ,japanese peasant1 sci5ce z already kn[n & fai? 9 "o ,god1 ,creator & ,fa!r ( all ?+s1 mu/ g h& 9 h&4 ,education & civilization w d mu* = ! ignorant inaka or boors1 b = ! cultur$ ^: m9ds wav] & ^: feet fl\nd]1 z well z = ! unle>n$ & prie/-ridd51 !re is no sur] help & heal+ ?an t fai? 9 ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r :i* gives ! unify+ ?\ght to him :o looks into creation4 ,keep ! b\nd>y l9e cle> betwe5 ,god & 8 _w & all is ord] & discrim9ation4 ,oblit]ate t b\nd>y & all is pa?less morass1 black *aos & on ! m9d ! phantasms :i* belong to ! victim ( delirium trem5s4 ,!re is "o ,lawgiv]4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ,god4 ,9 ! end1 ,god1 all 9 all4 ,,*apt] ,,ii - ,,%9t3 ,,my?s ,,& ,,ritual ,9 ! great days ( old1 ,:5 o'er ! l& ! gods held sov'reign sway1 ,our fa!rs lov'd to say ,t ! bright gods ) t5d] c>e enfold ,! =tunes ( ,japan1 ,bless+ ! l& ) _m an holy spell3 ,& :at !y lov$ to tell1 ,we ( ?is lat] age ourselves d prove2 ,= e liv+ man ,may fea/ 8 eyes on tok5s ( _! love4 --,poem ( ,yamagami-no ,okura1 ,a4,d4 #gcc4 ,baal3 ,:ile ,i on t[]s & bang+ t]races1 ,9 %aft & obelisk1 behold my sign4 ,creative1 %ape ( fir/ imp]i\s law4 --,bay>d ,taylor's ,masque ( ! ,gods4 ,?\ ha/ also tak5 ?y fair jewels ( my gold & ( my silv]1 :i* ,i _h giv5 !e1 & made/ to ?yself images ( m51 & did/ commit :or$om ) !m1 & tooke/ ?y broid]$ g>m5ts1 & cov]$/ !m3 & ?\ ha/ set m9e oil & m9e inc5se be=e !m4 ,my meat also :i* ,i gave !e1 f9e fl\r1 & oil1 & honey1 :]e) ,i f$ !e1 ?\ ha/ ev5 set x be=e !m = a sweet savor3 & ?us x 01 sai? ! ,"l ,,god4--,ezekiel4 ,if x be said 7z has be5 ! case71 ',%9toism has no?+ 9 x1' we %\ld be incl9$ to answ]1 ',s mu* ! bett]1 !re is less error to c\nt]act4' ,b !re is some?+ 9 x1 & t 444 ( a k9d ( :i* we may well avail ourselves :5 mak+ kn[n ! second comm&m5t1 & ! 'f\nta9 ( cleans+ f all s94'--,e4,w4 ,syle4 ,if ,%9t has a dogma1 x is purity4--,kaburagi4 ,i w wa% my h&s 9 innoc5cy1 ,o ,"l3 & s w ,i g to ?9e alt>4--,ps4 xxvi4 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,ii - ,,%9t3 ,,my?s ,,& ,,ritual ,! ,japanese a ,"y ,nation4 ,:at impresses u 9 ! /udy ( ! hi/ory ( ,japan is t1 comp>$ ) ,*9a & ,korea1 %e is "y4 ,h] hi/ory is z ! /ory ( ye/]day4 ,! nation is mod]n4 ,! ,japanese are z y\ng] *ildr5 9 ! great family ( ,asia's hi/oric p4 ,broadly speak+1 ,japan is no old] ?an ,engl&1 & au!ntic ,japanese hi/ory no m anci5t ?an ,briti% hi/ory4 ,9 ,albion1 z 9 ! ,honorable ,c\ntry1 !re are traditions & my?ologies t project _! %ad[s aeons back ( g5u9e records2 b if we consid] t ,engli% hi/ory beg9s 9 ! fif?1 & ,engli% lit]ature 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 !n !re are o!r reasons besides ^? commonly giv5 = call+ ,japan ! ,engl& ( ! ,ea/4 ,no tru/wor?y traditions exi/ :i* c>ry ! kn[n hi/ory ( ,japan f>!r back ?an ! fif? c5tury4 ,! means = measur+ & record+ "t 7 probably n 9 use until ! six? c5tury4 ,! olde/ docum5ts 9 ! ,japanese language1 except+ a few fragm5ts ( ! sev5? c5tury1 d n ant$ate ! ye> #gab1 & ev5 9 ^! ! ,*9ese *>act]s are 9 _m in/ances us$ phonetically1 because ! mean+ ( ! words ?us translit]at$ _h already be5 =gott54 ,h5ce _! int]pretation 9 detail is /ill l>gely a matt] ( conjecture4 ,yet ! ,japanese ,ar*ipelago 0 inhabit$ long be=e ! dawn ( hi/ory4 ,! concurr5t te/imony ( ! e>lie/ lit]>y monum5ts1 ( ! indig5\s my?ology1 ( folk-lore1 ( %ell-heaps & ( kit*5-midd5s %[s t ! occupation by human be+s ( ! ma9 isl&s mu/ be ascrib$ to times long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,be=e writt5 records or ritual ( wor%ip1 religion exi/$ on its active or devotional side1 & !re 7 mature gr[?s ( ?\ght pres]v$ & express$ orally4 ,poems1 songs1 *ants & norito or liturgies 7 kept alive 9 ! human memory1 & !re 0 a sy/em ( wor%ip1 ! "n ( :i* 0 giv5 long aft] ! introduction ( ,buddhism4 ,?is descriptive t]m1 ,kami no ,mi*i 9 ,japanese1 & ,%9-t 9 ! ,*9ese z pron\nc$ by ,japanese1 means ! ,way ( ! ,gods1 ! t or f9al syllable be+ ! same z tao 9 ,taoism4 ,we may say t ,%9t means1 lit]ally1 !oslogos1 !ology4 ,! cu/oms & practices exi/$ c5turies be=e contact ) ,*9ese lett]s1 & long previ\s to ! ,%9t lit]ature :i* is n[ extant4 ,:e!r ,kami no ,mi*i is :olly ! product ( ,japanese soil1 or :e!r its rudim5t>y ideas 7 import$ f ! neighbor+ ,asian cont95t & m or less alli$ to ! primitive ,*9ese religion1 is /ill an op5 "q4 ,! prepond]ance ( argum5t t5ds1 h[ev]1 to %[ t x 0 an importation z to its orig91 = n a few ev5ts outl9$ 9 ! ,japanese my?ology ca/ %ad[s ( rem9isc5ce ^u ,korea or ! ,asian ma9l&4 ,9 its developm5t1 h[ev]1 ! cultus is almo/ :olly ,japanese4 ,! mod]n =ms ( ,%9t1 z m\ld$ by ! revivali/s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 are at _m po9ts notably diff]5t f ! anci5t fai?4 ,at ! ,_w's ,p>liam5t ( ,religions at ,*icago1 ,%9t seem$ to be ! only "o1 & probably ! la/1 ( ! purely prov9cial religions4 ,9 ord] to ga9 a picture ( life 9 ,japan be=e ! introduction ( ,*9ese civilization1 we mu/ consult ^? photographs ( ! m9ds ( ! anci5t isl&]s :i* /ill exi/ 9 _! e>lie/ lit]ature4 ,! fruits ( ! /udy ( e?nology1 an?ropology & ar*aeology greatly assi/ u 9 pictur+ ! day-break ( human life 9 ! ,morn+ ,l&4 ,9 prep>+ mat]ials = ! /ud5t ( ! religions ( ,japan _m labor]s h wr\ght 9 v>i\s fields1 b ! *ief lit]>y honors h be5 tak5 by ! ,engli% s*ol>s1 ,messrs4 ,sat[1#a ,a/on1#b & ,*amb]la94#c ,^! untir+ work]s h op5$ ! treasures ( anci5t ?\ght 9 ! ,altaic _w4#d ,al?\gh ev5 ^! ar*aic ,japanese compositions1 readable to-day only by special s*ol>s1 are m or less affect$ by ,*9ese influ5ces1 ideas & modes ( expression1 yet !y are 9 ! ma9 fai?ful reflections ( ! anci5t life be=e ! primitive fai? ( ! ,japanese p 0 ei!r di/urb$ or r$uc$ to sy/em 9 pres5ce ( an import$ religion4 ,^! monum5ts ( hi/ory1 poetry & liturgies are ! ,kojiki1 or ,notices ( ,anci5t ,?+s2 ! ,_m%u or ,myriad ,leaves or ,poems1 & ! ,norito1 or ,liturgies4 ,! ,anci5t ,docum5ts4 ,! fir/ book1 ! ,kojiki1 gives u ! !ology1 cosmogony1 my?ology1 & v probably1 9 its lat] portions1 "s outl9es ( hi/ory ( ! anci5t ,japanese4 ,! ,kojiki is ! real1 ! dogmatic expon5t1 or1 if we may s say1 ! ,bible1 ( ,%9t4 ,! ,_m%u1 or ,book ( ,myriad ,poems1 expresses ! ?\ghts & feel+s2 reflects ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! primitive g5]ations1 &1 9 ! same s5se z d ! ,sagas ( ! ,sc&9avians1 furni%es u un*ronological b int]e/+ & m or less real n>ratives ( ev5ts :i* h be5 glorifi$ by ! poets & arti/s4 ,! anci5t codes ( law & ( c]emonial proc$ure are ( great value1 :ile ! ,norito are excell5t mirrors 9 :i* to see reflect$ ! religion call$ ,%9t on ! m active side ( wor%ip4 ,9 a critical /udy1 ei!r ( ! g5]al body ( national tradition or ( ! anci5t docum5ts1 we mu/ cont9ually be on our gu>d aga9/ ! usual assumption t ,*9ese civilization came 9 e>li] ?an x really did4 ,?is assumption colors all mod]n ,japanese popul> ideas1 art & lit]ature4 ,! vice ( ! pupil nations surr\nd+ ! ,middle ,k+dom is _! desire to h x believ$ t ,*9ese lett]s & culture among !m is an ne>ly coeval ) ^? ( ,*9a z c be made truly or falsely to appe>4 ,! ,koreans1 = example1 w\ld h u believe t _! civilization1 bas$ on lett]s & introduc$ by ,ki%i1 is f\r ?\s& ye>s old & contemporane\s ) ,*9a's own1 & t ! ,koreans are among ! olde/ p ( ! _w4#e ,! av]age mod]n ,japanese wi%es ! date ( au!ntic or (ficial hi/ory project$ z f> back z possible4 ,yet he is a mode/ man comp>$ ) 8 m$ival ance/or1 :o con/ruct$ *ronology out ( ink-/ones4 ,ov] a ?\s& ye>s ago a delib]ate =g]y 0 (ficially put on pap]4 ,a :ole l9e ( emp]ors :o nev] liv$ 0 canoniz$1 & clev] p5m5 set d[n 9 ink long *apt]s :i* describe :at nev] happ5$4#f ,fur!rmore1 ev5 aft]1 & only eight ye>s aft] ! fairly hone/ ,kojiki _h be5 compil$1 ! book call$ ,nihongi1 or ,*ronicles ( ,japan1 0 writt54 ,all ! int]nal & n a little ext]nal evid5ce %[s t ! object ( ?is book is to give ! impression t ,*9ese ideas1 culture & le>n+ _h long be5 dome/icat$ 9 ,japan4 ,! ,nihongi gives dates ( ev5ts suppos$ to h happ5$ fifte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e1 ) an accuracy :i* may be call$ villa9\s2 :ile ! ,kojiki /ates t ,wani1 a ,korean tea*]1 br\ght ! ,?\s& ,"* ,classic to ,japan 9 ,a4,d4 #bhe1 ?\gh t fam\s ,*9ese book 0 n compos$ until ! six? c5tury1 or ,a4,d4 #eej4g ,ev5 to ?is day x is ne>ly impossible = an ,am]ican to get a ,korean frog 9 ! well#h to und]/& :y ! g5u9e native life & hi/ory1 language & le>n+ ( 8 own p59sul> c\ntry is ( great] value to ! /ud5t ?an ! p$antry borr[$ f ,*9a4 ,:y ^! possess any int]e/ to a s*ol> is a my/]y to ! head 9 ! horsehair net4 ,any?+ ( value1 he ?9ks1 mu/ be on ! ,*9ese model4 ,:at is n ,*9ese is fooli% & fit = wom5 & *ildr5 only4 ,fur!rmore1 ,korea always _h ,*9ese le>n+4 ,?is is ! sum ( ! argum5ts ( ! ,korean lit]ati1 ev5 z x us$ to be ( ! old-"t hatless ,y$o s*ol> ( %av5 skull & topknot4 ,despite ,japanese indep5d5ce & ev5 arrogance 9 c]ta9 o!r l9es1 ! ?\ght ( ! demolition ( *]i%$ notions ( va/ antiquity is v pa9ful4 ,critical /udy ( anci5t traditions is /ill dang]\s1 ev5 9 p>liam5t>y ,nippon4 ,h5ce ! unbiass$ /ud5t mu/ dep5d on 8 own read+ ( & judgm5t ^u ! anci5t records1 assi/$ by ! ?or\gh "w done by ! ,engli% s*ol>s ,a/on1 ,sat[1 ,*amb]la91 ,brams5 & o!rs4 ,x 0 ! com+ ( ,buddhism 9 ! six? c5tury1 & ! implant+ on ! soil ( ,japan ( a sy/em ( religion 9 :i* 7 temples ) all t 0 attractive to ! eye1 gorge\s ritual1 scriptures1 prie/hood1 codes ( morals1 rigid discipl9e1 a sy/em ( dogmatics 9 :i* all 0 made positive & cle>1 t made ! v>iant my?s & leg5ds some:at uni=m4 ,! fai? ( ,%aka1 by w9n+ adh]5ts bo? at ! c\rt & among ! lead+ m5 ( intellig5ce1 react$ ^u ! national traditions s z to compel _! collection & arrangemeut into def9ite =mulas4 ,9 due "t ! my?ology1 poetry & ritual 01 z we h se51 committ$ to writ+ & ! :ole sy/em call$ ,%9t1 9 di/9ction f ,butsud1 ! ,way ( ! ,gods f ! ,way ( ! ,buddhas4 ,?us we c see m cle>ly ! outw>d & visible manife/ations ( ,%9t4 ,9 =m+ our judgm5t1 h[ev]1 we mu/ put aside ^? descriptions :i* are f\nd 9 ! works ( ,european writ]s1 f ,m>co ,polo & ,m5dez ,p9to d[n to ! ye> #ahgj4 ,?\gh ^! 7 good obs]v]s1 !y 7 (t5 necess>ily mi/ak5 9 _! d$uctions4 ,=1 z we %all see 9 our lecture on ,riybu or ,mix$ ,buddhism1 ,%9t 01 f ! n9? c5tury until late into ! n9ete5? c5tury1 absorb$ 9 ,buddhism s z to be next to invisible4 ,orig9s ( ! ,japanese ,p4 ,)\t detail+ processes1 b giv+ only results1 our view ( ! orig9 ( ! ,japanese p & ( _! religion is 9 ! ma9 z foll[s3 ,! olde/ seats ( human habitation 9 ! ,japanese ,ar*ipelago lie betwe5 ! ?irtie? & ?irty-eigh? p>allels ( nor? latitude4 ,s\? ( ! ?irty-f\r? p>allel1 x seems1 ?\gh )\t pro( ( writ+ or f tradition1 t ! ,malay type & blood f ! f> s\? probably pr$om9at$1 )1 h[ev]1 mu* infusion f ! nor!rn ,asian ma9l&4 ,betwe5 ! ?irty-f\r? & ?irty-six? p>allels1 & we/ ( ! "o hundr$ & ?irty-eigh? m]idian ( longitude1 may be f\nd :at is /ill ! *oice/1 ri*e/ & mo/ popul\s "p ( ,! ,c\ntry ,betwe5 ,heav5 & ,e>?4 ,"h ! prevail+ elem5t 0 ,korean & ,t>t>4 ,to ! nor? & ea/ ( ?is fair c\ntry lay ! ,emi%i savages1 or ,a9os4 ,9 ! _w )9 ! k5 ( ! prehi/oric dwell]s 9 :at is n[ ! ?ree isl&s1 ,hondo1 ,kiu%iu & ,%ikoku1 !re 0 no isl& ( ,yezu & no ,*9a2 :ile ,korea 0 b slightly kn[n1 & ! l&s f>!r we/w>d 7 unhe>d ( except z ! home ( di/ant tribes4 ,?ree di/9ct l9es ( tradition po9t to ! ne> p59sula or ! we/ coa/ ( ,japan z ! ,heav5 :5ce desc5d$ ! tribe :i* f9ally grew to be dom9ant4 ,! isl&s ( ,tsu%ima & ,iki 7 ! /epp+-/ones ( ! migration out ( :i* rose :at may be call$ ! s\!rn or ,tsuku%i cycle ( leg5d1 ,tsuku%i be+ ! anci5t "n ( ,kiu%iu4 ,idzumo is ! holy l& :5ce issu$ ! second /ream ( tradition4 ,! ?ird c\rse ( my? & leg5d leads u into ,yamato1 :5ce we behold ! conque/ ( ! ,mikado's home-l& & ! ext5sion ( 8 "n & influ5ce into ! regions ea/ ( ! ,hakon ,m\nta9s1 includ+ ! great pla9 ( ,y$o1 :]e mod]n ,tki n[ /&s4 ,we %all take ! t]m ,yamato z ! synonym ( ! prehi/oric b disc]nible beg9n+s ( national life4 ,x repres5ts ! seat ( ! tribe ^: valor & g5ius ultimately produc$ ! ,mikado sy/em4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ?is h\se or tribe t ,japanese hi/ory took =m4 ,! rev]5ce = ! rul] long aft]w>d entitl$ ,son ( ,heav5 is ! /ronge/ =ce 9 ! national hi/ory4 ,! _s & pr[ess ( ^! e>ly conqu]ors h left an indelible impress ^u ! language & ! m9d ( ! nation 9 ! phrase ,yamato ,dama%i--! _s ( 7,div9e & unconqu]able7 ,japan4 ,! /ory ( ! conque/ ( ! l&1 9 its _m phases1 recalls t ( ! ,aryans 9 ,india1 ( ! ,hebrews 9 ,canaan1 ( ! ,romans 9 ,europe & ( ! ,g]manic races 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,! ,yamato m5 gradually advanc$ to conque/ "u ! impulse1 z !y believ$1 ( a div9e comm&4#i ,!y 7 s5t f ,takama-no-h>a1 ! ,high ,pla9 ( ,heav54 ,!irs 0 ! w>1 ( m5 ) a nobl] cre$1 hav+ agriculture & a feudal sy/em ( organization :i* furni%$ res\rces = long campaigns1 aga9/ hunt]s & fi%]m54 ,!y _h improv$ artill]y & us$ iron aga9/ /one4 ,yet !y conqu]$ & pacifi$ n only by sup]ior /rategy1 tactics1 weapons & valor1 b also by advanc$ feti*es & dogma4 ,!y captur$ ! religion ( _! enemies z well z _! bodies1 l&s & res\rces4 ,!y claim$ t _! ance/ors 7 f ,heav51 t ! ,sun 0 _! k9swoman & t _! *ief1 or ,mikado1 0 viceg]5t ( ! ,heav5ly gods1 b t ^? :om !y conqu]$ 7 e>?-born or sprung f ! t]re/rial div9ities4 ,mikadoism ! ,he>t ( ,%9t4 ,z success came to _! arms & _! *ief's p[] 0 made m sure1 !y develop$ fur!r ! dogma ( ! ,mikado's div9ity & made wor%ip c5tre 9 him z ! e>?ly repres5tative ( ! ,sun & ,heav54 ,8 fell[-conqu]ors & m9i/]s1 z fa/ z !y 7 put 9 lord%ip ov] conqu]$ prov9ces1 or indig5\s *iefta9s :o submitt$ ob$i5tly to 8 sway or yield$ graci\sly to 8 pr[ess1 7 nam$ z f\nd]s ( temples & 9 lat] g5]ations wor%ipp$ & became gods4#aj ,"o ( ! motives =1 & "o ( ! guid+ pr9ciples 9 ! selections ( ! float+ my?s1 0 t ! ance/ry ( ! *iefta9s loyal to ! ,mikado might be %[n to be f ! heav5ly gods4 ,bo? ! n>ratives ( ! ,kojiki & ! liturgies %[ ?is cle>ly4 ,! nature-wor%ip1 :i* 0 probably practis$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ar*ipelago1 became "p ( ! sy/em z gov]nm5t & society 7 made uni=m on ! ,yamato model4 ,x seems at lea/ possible1 if ,buddhism _h n come 9 s soon1 t ! ord9>y features ( a religion1 dogmatic & e?ical codes1 w\ld h be5 develop$4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,kami no ,mi*i1 or religion ( ! isl&]s 9 prehi/oric times be=e ! rise ( ,mikadoism1 mu/ be c>efully di/+ui%$ f ! politico-ecclesia/icism :i* ! sy/em call$ ,%9t reveals & dem&s4 ,! e>ly religion1 fir/ 9 ! h&s ( politicians & lat] "u ! p5s & voices ( writ]s & tea*]s at ! ,imp]ial ,c\rt1 became some?+ v diff]5t f its orig9al =m4 ,z surely z ,kb lat] captur$ ,%9t1 mak+ mat]ial = ,buddhism out ( x & ov]lay+ x 9 ,riybu1 s ! ,yamato m5 made political capital out ( _! own religion & t ( ! subject tribes4 ,! div9e sov]eign ( ,japan & 8 political *ur* did exactly :at ! /ate *ur*es ( ,europe1 bo? pagan & ,*ri/ian1 h done be=e & s9ce ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,fur!r1 9 /udy+ ! ,kojiki1 we mu/ rememb] t ! sacr$ writ+s sprang out ( ! religion1 & t ! sy/em 0 n an evolution f ! book4 ,cu/oms1 ritual1 fai? & pray] exi/$ long be=e !y 7 writt5 ab\t or record$ 9 ink4 ,moreov]1 ! philosophy came lat] ?an ! practice1 ! de$s be=e ! my?s1 & ! joy & t]ror ( ! visible univ]se be=e ! cosmogony or !ogony1 :ile ! book-preface 0 probably writt5 la/ ( all4 ,! sun 0 fir/1 & !n came ! wond]1 admiration & wor%ip ( m54 ,! p]sonification & p$igree ( ! sun 7 late figm5ts4 ,to connect _! ance/ors ) ! sun-goddess & ! heav5ly gods1 0 a /ill lat] ent]prise ( ! ,mikado rev]5c]s ( ?is e>li] "t4 ,bo? ! god-way 9 its e>ly =ms & ,%9t 9 its lat] developm5t1 7 to !m political z well z ecclesia/ical in/itutes ( dogma4 ,bo? ! religion :i* !y !mselves br\ght & cultivat$ & ! aborig9al religion :i* ! ,yamato m5 f\nd1 7 us$ z eng9es 9 ! mak+ ( ,mikadoism1 :i* is ! he>t ( ,%9t4 ,n until two c5turies aft] ! com+ ( ,buddhism & ( ,asiatic civilization did x occur to ! ,japanese to r$uce to writ+ ! float+ leg5ds & v>i\s cycles ( tradition :i* _h gr[n up luxuriantly 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! empire1 or to express 9 ! ,*9ese "* ! pray]s & ?anksgiv+s :i* _h be5 h&$ d[n orally ?r\gh _m g5]ations4 ,^! norito _h already assum$ elegant lit]>y =m1 ri* 9 poetic m]it1 long be=e ,*9ese writ+ 0 kn[n4 ,!y1 f> m ?an ! less c]ta9 philosophy ( ! ,kojiki1 are ( und\bt$ native orig94 ,x is ne>ly c]ta9 t ! prehi/oric ,japanese did n borr[ ! lit]>y =ms ( ! god-way f ,*9a1 z any "o famili> ) ! %ort1 ev5ly balanc$ & anti!tical s5t5ces ( ,*9ese /yle c see at once4 ,! norito are expressions1 9 ! rhy?mical & rhetorical =m ( wor%ip1 ( ! articles ( fai? set =? 9 ! hi/oric summ>y :i* we h giv54 ,we propose to illu/rate ! dogmas by quot+ f ! rituals 9 ,mr4 ,sat['s ma/]ly translation4 ,! foll[+ 0 address$ to ! sun-goddess 7,amatras no ,mikami1 or ! ,f-,heav5-,%9+-,great-,deity7 by ! prie/-envoy ( ! prie/ly ,nakatomi family s5t annually to ! temples at ,is1 ! ,mecca ( ,%9t4 ,! sevran ref]r$ to 9 ! ritual is ! ,mikado4 ,?is ^w & all ! o!rs pr9t$ 9 capitals are s r5d]$ 9 ord] to express 9 ,engli% ! =ce ( an untranslatable honorific syllable1 suppos$ to be orig9ally id5tical ) a root mean+ 'true1' b no long] possess+ t signification4 ,in/ead ( ! ^w e>?1 t ( c\ntry 7,japan7 is us$ z ! correlative ( ,heav54 ,ritual 9 ,praise ( ! ,sun-goddess4 ,he 7! prie/-envoy7 says3 ,he> all ( y1 m9i/]s ( ! gods & sanctifi]s ( (f]+s1 ! great ritual1 ! heav5ly ritual1 decl>$ 9 ! great pres5ce ( ! ,f-,heav5-,%9+-,great-,,deity1 ^: praises are fulfill$ by sett+ up ! /\t pill>s ( ! great ,,h\se1 & exalt+ ! cross-beams to ! pla9 ( high heav5 at ! s\rces ( ! ,isuzu ,riv] at ,uji 9 ,wat>ai4 ,he says3 ,x is ! sovran's great ,,^w4 ,he> all ( y1 m9i/]s ( ! gods & sanctifi]s ( (f]+s1 ! fulfill+ ( praises on ?is sev5te5? day ( ! six? moon ( ?is ye>1 z ! morn+ sun goes up 9 glory1 ( ! ,oho-,nakatomi1 :o--hav+ abundantly pil$ up l a range ( hills ! ,,tribute ?read & sanctifi$ ,,liquor & ,,food pres5t$ z ( usage by ! p ( ! deity's h\ses attribut$ to h] 9 ! ?ree dep>tm5ts & 9 v>i\s c\ntries & places1 s t %e deign to bless 8 ! ,mikado's ,,life z a long ,,life1 & 8 ,,age z a luxuriant ,,age et]nally & un*ang+ly z multitud9\s piles ( rock2 may deign to bless ! ,,*ildr5 :o are born to him1 & deign+ to cause to fl\ri% ! five k9ds ( gra9 :i* ! m5 ( a hundr$ functions & ! peasants ( ! c\ntries 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! region "u heav5 long & peacefully cultivate & eat1 & gu>d+ & b5efit+ !m to deign to bless !m--is hidd5 by ! great (f]+-w&s4 ,9 ! ,imp]ial ,city ! ritual s]vices 7 v impos+4 ,^? 9 expectation ( ! h>ve/ 7 held 9 ! great hall ( ! ,j9-,gi-,kuan1 or ,c\ncil ( ! ,gods ( ,heav5 & ,e>?4 ,! description ( ! c]emonial is giv5 by ,mr4 ,sat[4#aa ,9 ! pray]s (f]$ to ! sun-goddess = h>ve/1 & 9 ?anksgiv+ to h] = be/[+ dom9ion ov] l& & sea ^u h] desc5dant ! ,mikado1 occurs ! foll[+ passage3 ,i decl>e 9 ! great pres5ce ( ! ,f-,heav5-,%9+-,great-,,deity :o sits 9 ,is4 ,because ! sovran great ,,goddess be/[s on him ! c\ntries ( ! f\r qu>t]s ov] :i* h] glance ext5ds1 z f> z ! limit :]e heav5 /&s up l a wall1 z f> z ! b\nds :]e ! c\ntry /&s up di/ant1 z f> z ! limit :]e ! blue cl\ds spread flat1 z f> z ! b\nds :]e ! :ite cl\ds lie away fall5--! blue sea pla9 z f> z ! limit :i!r come ! pr[s ( ! %ips )\t dry+ poles or paddles1 ! %ips :i* cont9u\sly cr[d on ! great sea pla91 & ! road :i* m5 travel by l&1 z f> z ! limit :i!r come ! horses' ho(s1 ) ! baggage-cords ti$ tightly1 tread+ ! unev5 rocks & tree-roots & /&+ up cont9u\sly 9 a long pa? )\t a break--mak+ ! n>r[ c\ntries wide & ! hilly c\ntries pla91 & z x 7 draw+ toge!r ! di/ant c\ntries by ?r[+ _m tons ( ropes ov] !m--he w pile up ! fir/-fruits l a range ( hills 9 ! great pres5ce ( ! sovran great ,,goddess1 & w peacefully enjoy ! rema9d]4 ,phallic ,symbols4 ,to =m "o's impression ( ! ,kami no ,mi*i :olly f ! poetic liturgies1 ! au/]e simplicity ( ! miyas or %r9es1 or ! wor%ip at ! palace or capital1 w\ld be z mislead+ z to ga!r our ideas ( ! /atus ( popul> education f kn[+ only ( ! s*ol>s at c\rt4 ,among ! common p ! real basis ( ! god-way 0 ance/or-wor%ip4 ,f ! v fir/ ?is trait & habit ( ! ,japanese c be disc]n$4 ,_! t5acity 9 hold+ to x made ! ,confucian e?ics m welcome :5 !y came4 ,fur!rmore1 ?is rev]5ce = ! dead pr(\ndly influ5c$ & modifi$ ,buddhism1 s t today ! alt>s ( bo? religions exi/ 9 ! same h\se1 ! dead ance/ors becom+ bo? kami & buddhas4 ,mod]n ta/e has remov$ f sight :at 7 once ! common p's symbols ( ! god-way1 t is ( ance/or wor%ip4 ,! ext5t ( ! phallus cult & its close & ev5 vital connection ) ! god-way1 & ! g5]al & innoc5t use ( ! n[ prohibit$ emblems1 tax sev]ely ! cr$ulity ( ! ,occid5tal read]4 ,! processes ( ! anci5t m9d c h>dly be und]/ood except by vigor\s p[] ( ! imag9ation & by sympa?y ) ! primeval man4 ,to ! critical /ud5t1 h[ev]1 :o has liv$ among ! p & ! temples devot$ to ?is wor%ip1 :o kn[s h[ innoc5t & h[ truly s9c]e & ev5 rev]5t & dev\t 9 ! use ( ^! symbols ! wor%ipp]s are1 ! matt] is measurably cle>4 ,he c und]/& ! soil1 root & fl[] ev5 :ile ! mo/ /range specim5 is abhorr5t to 8 ta/e1 & :ile he is mo/ active 9 de/roy+ t m5tal climate 9 :i* su* wor%ip1 :e!r native or exotic1 c exi/ & fl\ri%4 ,9 none ( ! in/ances 9 :i* ,i h be5 eyewitness ( ! cult1 ( ! p]son (ficiat+ or ( ! emblem1 h ,i _h any reason to d\bt ! s9c]ity ( ! wor%ipp]4 ,i h nev] _h reason to look ^u ! implem5ts or ! sy/em z any?+ else ?an ! endeavor ( man to solve ! my/]y ( ,be+ & ,p[]4 ,9 mak+ use ( ^! emblems1 ! ,japanese wor%ipp] simply pr(esses 8 fai? 9 su* solution z has seem$ to him atta9able4 ,t ?is cultus 0 q g5]al 9 pre-,buddhi/ic ,japan1 z 9 _m o!r anci5t c\ntries1 is c]ta9 f ! pro(s ( language1 lit]ature1 ext]nal monum5ts & relics :i* are suffici5tly num]\s4 ,its organic connection ) ! god-way may be cle>ly %[n4 ,to g f>!r back 9 po9t ( "t ?an ! ,kojiki1 we f9d t ev5 be=e ! developm5t ( art 9 v anci5t ,japan1 ! male gods 7 repres5t$ by a symbol :i* ?us became an image ( ! deity himself4 ,?is tok5 0 usually made ( /one1 ?\gh (t5 ( wood1 & 9 lat] times ( t]ra-cotta1 ( ca/ & wr\ght iron & ev5 ( gold4#ab ,"u ! direct influ5ce ( su* a cult1 o!r objects appeal$ to ! imag9ation or s]v$ ! tempor>y purpose ( ! wor%ipp] z ex-voto to hang up 9 ! %r9es1 su* z ! mu%room1 awabi1 v>i\s o!r %ells & possibly ! fire-drill4 ,x is only 9 ! decay ( ! cultus1 9 ! *ange ( view & c5tre ( ?\ght compell$ by ano!r religion1 t repres5tations ( ! old emblems ally !mselves ) s5sualism or immorality4 ,x is t natural degradation ( "o man's god into ano!r man's devil1 :i* conv]sion mu/ almo/ ( necessity br+1 t makes ! once rev]$ symbol obsc5e1 & talk ab\t x become1 9 a desc5d+ scale1 dirty1 f\l1 fil?y1 na/y4 ,t ! ,japanese suff] f ! moral effluvia ( a decay$ cult :i* 0 once z ! v v]tebral column ( ! national body ( religion1 is evid5t to e "o :o acqua9ts himself ) _! popul> spee* & lit]ature4 ,h[ closely & directly phallicism is connect$ ) ! god-way1 & :y !re 7 s _m ,%9t temples devot$ to ?is latt] cult & furni%$ ) symbols1 is %[n by /udy ( ! ,kojiki4 ,! two op5+ sections ( ?is book treat ( kami t 7 9 ! m9ds ev5 ( ! mak]s ( ! my?s little m ?an mud & wat]#ac--! m]e bioplasm ( deity4 ,! sev5 div9e g5]ations are born1 b d no?+ except t !y give ,izanagi & ,izanami a jewell$ spe>4 ,) ?is pair come diff]5tiation ( sex4 ,x is imm$iately on ! app>ition ( ! consci\sness ( sex t motion1 action & creation beg91 & ! progress ( ?+s visible ensues4 ,! details _c be put into ,engli%1 b x is en\gh1 besides not+ ! conv]sation & union ( ! pair1 to say t ! t]m mean+ giv+ bir? to1 ref]s to inanimate z well z animate ?+s4 ,x is us$ 9 ref]5ce to ! isl&s :i* compose ! ar*ipelago z well z to ! v>i\s kami :i* seem1 9 _m cases1 to be no?+ m ?an ! names ( ?+s or places4 ,fire-my?s & ,ritual4 ,fire is1 9 a s5se1 ! f\ndation & fir/ necessity ( civilization1 & x is int]e/+ to /udy ! my?s z to ! orig9 ( fire1 & possibly ev5 m int]e/+ to comp>e ! ,greek & ,japanese /ories4 ,z we "k1 old-"t popul> etymology makes ,prome!us ! =e-?9k] & bro!r ( ,epime!us ! aft]-?9k]4 ,he is ! /eal] ( ! fire f heav51 9 ord] to make m5 %>e ! secret ( ! gods4 ,comp>ative philology tells u1 h[ev]1 t ! ,sanskrit ,praman?a is a /ick t produces fire4 ,! ,kojiki does inde$ conta9 :at is probably ! lat] =m ( ! fire-my? ab\t two bro!rs1 ,pr9ce ,fire-,%9e & ,fire-,fade1 :i* sugge/s bo? ! lat] ,greek my? ( ! =e- & aft]-?9k] & a tradition ( a flood4 ,! fir/1 & mo/ probably old]1 my? 9 giv+ ! orig9 ( fire does x 9 true ,japanese /yle1 ) details ( p>turition4 ,aft] num]\s o!r deities _h be5 born ( ,izanagi & ,izanami1 x is said t !y gave bir? to ! ,fire-,burn+-,swift-,male-,deity1 ano!r "n = :om is ! ,deity-,fire-,%9+-,pr9ce1 & ano!r "n is ! ,deity-,fire-,%9+-,eld]4 ,9 ! o!r anci5t lit]ature ?is fire-god is call$ ,ho-musubi1 ! ,fire-,produc]4 ,izanami yield$ up h] life ^u ! bir? ( h] son1 ! fire-god2 or1 z ! sacr$ text decl>es1 %e div9ely retir$#ad into ,hades4 ,f h] corpse sprang up ! pairs ( gods ( clay1 ( metal1 & o!r kami t possess$ ! pot5cy ( calm+ or subdu+ fire1 = clay resi/s & wat] ext+ui%es4 ,betwe5 ! my?ical & ! liturgical =ms ( ! orig9al n>rative !re is consid]able v>iation4 ,! ,norito entitl$ ! ,quiet+ ( ,fire gives ! ritual =m ( ! my?4 ,x conta9s1 l s _m ,norito1 less ! =m ( pray] to ! ,fire-,produc] ?an a promise ( (f]+s4 ,n s mu* by petitions z by ! inducem5ts ( gifts did ! anci5t wor%ipp]s hope to save ! palace ( ! ,mikado f ! fire-god's wra?4 ,we omit f ! text ^? details :i* are (f5sive to mod]n & we/]n ta/e4 ,i decl>e ) ! great ritual1 ! heav5ly ritual1 :i* 0 be/[$ on him at ! "t :51 by ! ,,^w ( ! ,sovran's de> prog5itor & prog5itrix1 :o div9ely rema9 9 ! pla9 ( high heav51 !y be/[$ on him ! region "u heav51 say+3 ,let ! ,sovran ,,gr&*ild',s augu/ness tranquilly rule ov] ! c\ntry ( fre% spikes :i* fl\ri%es 9 ! mid/ ( ! re$-moor z a peaceful region4 ,:5 444 ,izanami 444 _h deign$ to be> ! _m hundr$ myriads ( gods1 %e also deign$ to be> h] de> y\nge/ *ild ( all1 ! ,fire-produc] god1 444 & said3 ,my de> eld] bro!r's augu/ness %all rule ! upp] c\ntry2 ,i w rule ! l[] c\ntry1 %e deign$ to hide 9 ! rocks2 & hav+ come to ! flat hills ( d>kness1 %e ?\ght & said3 ,i h come hi!r1 hav+ borne & left a bad-he>t$ *ild 9 ! upp] c\ntry1 rul$ ov] by my illu/ri\s eld] bro!r's augu/ness1 & go+ back %e bore o!r *ildr54 ,hav+ borne ! wat]-goddess1 ! g\rd1 ! riv]-we$1 & ! clay-hill maid51 f\r sorts ( ?+s1 %e taught !m ) words1 & made !m to "k1 say+3 ,if ! he>t ( ?is bad-he>t$ *ild becomes viol5t1 let ! wat]-goddess take ! g\rd1 & ! clay-hill maid5 take ! riv]-we$1 & pacify him4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is ,i fulfil 8 praises1 & say t = ! ?+s set up1 s t he may deign n to be awfully quick ( he>t 9 ! great place ( ! ,sovran ,,gr&*ild',s augu/ness1 !re are provid$ bright clo?1 glitt]+ clo?1 s(t clo?1 & co>se clo?1 & ! five k9ds ( ?+s2 z to ?+s :i* dwell 9 ! blue-sea pla91 !re are ?+s wide ( f9 & n>r[ ( f91 d[n to ! we$s ( ! %ore2 z to ,,liquor1 rais+ high ! be]-j>s1 fill+ & rang+ 9 r[s ! bellies ( ! be]-j>s1 pil+ ! (f]+s up1 ev5 to rice 9 gra9 & rice 9 e>1 l a range ( hills1 ,i fulfil 8 praises ) ! great ritual1 ! heav5ly ritual4 ,izanagi1 aft] %$d+ te>s ov] 8 consort1 ^: dea? 0 caus$ by ! bir? ( ! fire-god1 slays ! fire-god1 & foll[s h] into ! ,root-l&1 or ,hades1 :]eupon beg9s ano!r r\nd ( wond]ful /ories ( ! bir? ( _m gods4 ,among ^!1 ?\gh evid5tly out ( ano!r cycle ( leg5ds1 is ! /ory ( ! bir? ( ! ?ree gods--,fire-,%9e1 ,fire-,climax & ,fire-,fade1 to :i* we h already ref]r$4 ,! fire-drill m5tion$ 9 ! ,kojiki sugge/s easily ! same l9e ( ?\ght ) ! my?s ( cosmogony & !ogony1 & x is int]e/+ to note t ?is ar*aic implem5t is /ill us$ at ! sacr$ temples ( ,is to produce fire4 ,aft] ! virg9 prie/esses p]=m ! sacr$ dances 9 honor ( local deities ! wat] = _! ba? is heat$ by fires k9dl$ by heaps ( old h>ai or amulets made f temple-wood b\ght at ! ,mecca ( ,japan4 ,x is ev5 probable t ! ret5tion ( ! fire-drill 9 ! s]vice ( ,%9t is b a survival ( phallicism4 ,! liturgy = ! pacification ( ! gods ( fire is wor? notic+4 ,! full =m ( ! ritual1 :5 comp>$ ) a leg5d 9 ! ,nihongi1 %[s t a my? 0 p>tly devis$ to expla9 ! connection ( an h]$it>y family ( prie/s ) ! god ^: %r9e !y s]v$2 x is possible t ! claim to be directly desc5d$ f ! god _h be5 disput$4 ,! ,norito fir/ recites poetically ! desc5t ( ,n9igi1 ! gr&*ild ( ! sun-goddess f heav51 & ! quiet+ ( ! turbul5t kami4 ,i 7! div9]71 decl>e3 ,:5 by ! ,,^w ( ! prog5itor & prog5itrix1 :o div9ely rema9+ 9 ! pla9 ( high heav51 deign$ to make ! beg9n+ ( ?+s1 !y div9ely deign$ to assemble ! _m hundr$ myriads ( gods 9 ! high city ( heav51 & deign$ div9ely to take c\nsel 9 c\ncil1 say+3 ,:5 we cause our ,sovran ,,gr&*ild',s augu/ness to leave heav5's et]nal seat1 to cleave a pa? ) might ?r\gh heav5's manifold cl\ds1 & to desc5d f heav51 ) ord]s tranquilly to rule ! c\ntry ( fre% spikes1 :i* fl\ri%es 9 ! mid/ ( ! re$-moor z a peaceful c\ntry1 :at god %all we s5d fir/ to div9ely sweep away1 sweep away & subdue ! gods :o are turbul5t 9 ! c\ntry ( fre% spikes2 all ! gods pond]$ & decl>$3 ,y %all s5d ,amnohohi's augu/ness1 & subdue !m1 decl>$ !y4 ,:]e=e !y s5t him d[n f heav51 b he did n decl>e an answ]2 & hav+ next s5t ,takmikuma's augu/ness1 he also1 obey+ 8 fa!r's words1 did n decl>e an answ]4 ,am-no-waka-hiko also1 :om !y s5t1 did n decl>e an answ]1 b imm$iately p]i%$ by ! calamity ( a bird on high4 ,:]e=e !y pond]$ afre% by ! ,,^w ( ! heav5ly gods1 & hav+ deign$ to s5d d[n f heav5 ! two pill>s ( gods1 ,futsunu%i & ,takmika-dzu*i's augu/ness1 :o hav+ deign$ div9ely to sweep away1 & sweep away1 & deign$ div9ely to s(t51 & s(t5 ! gods :o 7 turbul5t1 & sil5c$ ! rocks1 trees1 & ! lea/ leaf ( h]bs likewise t _h spok51 !y caus$ ! ,sovran ,,gr&*ild',s augu/ness to desc5d f heav54 ,i fulfil y\r praises1 say+3 ,z to ! ,,(f]+s set up1 s t ! sovran gods :o come into ! heav5ly ,,h\se ( ! ,sovran ,,gr&*ild',s augu/ness1 :i*1 aft] he _h fix$ ^u z a peaceful c\ntry--! c\ntry ( great ,yamato :]e ! sun is high1 z ! c5tre ( ! c\ntries ( ! f\r qu>t]s be/[$ ^u him :5 he 0 ?us s5t d[n f heav5--/\tly plant+ ! ,,h\se-pill>s on ! bottom-mo/ rocks1 & exalt+ ! cross-beams to ! pla9 ( high heav51 ! build]s _h made = 8 ,,%ade f ! heav5s & ,,%ade f ! sun1 & :]e9 he w tranquilly rule ! c\ntry z a peaceful c\ntry--may1 )\t deign+ to be turbul5t1 deign+ to be fi]ce1 & deign+ to hurt1 kn[+1 by virtue ( _! div9ity1 ! ?+s :i* 7 begun 9 ! pla9 ( high heav51 deign+ to correct ) ,div9e-correct+ & ,great-correct+1 remove h5ce out to ! clean places ( ! m\nta9-/reams :i* look f> away ov] ! f\r qu>t]s1 & rule !m z _! own place4 ,let ! ,sovran gods tranquilly take ) cle> ,,he>ts1 z peaceful ,,(f]+s & suffici5t ,,(f]+s ! great ,,(f]+s :i* ,i set up1 pil+ !m ^u ! tables l a range ( hills1 provid+ bright clo?1 glitt]+ clo?1 s(t clo?1 & co>se clo?2 z a ?+ to see pla9 9--a mirror3 z ?+s to play )--beads3 z ?+s to %oot (f )--a b[ & arr[s3 z a ?+ to /rike & cut )--a sword3 z a ?+ :i* gallops out--a horse2 z to ,,liquor--rais+ high ! be]-j>s1 fill+ & rang+ 9 r[s ! bellies ( ! be]-j>s1 ) gra9s ( rice & e>s2 z to ! ?+s :i* dwell 9 ! hills--?+s s(t ( hair1 & ?+s r\gh ( hair2 z to ! ?+s :i* gr[ 9 ! great field pla9--sweet h]bs & bitt] h]bs2 z to ! ?+s :i* dwell 9 ! blue sea pla9--?+s broad ( f9 & ?+s n>r[ ( f91 d[n to we$s ( ! (f+ & we$s ( ! %ore1 & )\t deign+ to be turbul5t1 deign+ to be fi]ce1 & deign+ to hurt1 remove out to ! wide & clean places ( ! m\nta9-/reams1 & by virtue ( _! div9ity be tranquil4 ,9 ?is ritual we f9d ! orig9 ( evil attribut$ to wick$ kami1 or gods4 ,to get rid ( !m is to be free f ! tr\bles ( life4 ,! object ( ! ritual wor%ip 0 to compel ! turbul5t & malevol5t kami to g out f human habitations to ! m\nta9 solitudes & re/ !re4 ,! dogmas ( bo? god-possession & ( ! p[] ( exorcism 7 n1 h[ev]1 held exclusively by ! high function>ies ( ! (ficial religion1 b 7 "p ( ! fai? ( all ! p4 ,to ?is day bo? ! t5ets & ! practices are popul> "u v>i\s =ms4 ,besides ! tw5ty-sev5 ,norito :i* are f\nd 9 ! ,y5gi%iki1 publi%$ at ! op5+ ( ! t5? c5tury1 !re are _m o!rs compos$ = s+le occasions4 ,examples ( ^! are f\nd 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,gazettes4 ,"o celebrates ! ,mikado's removal f ,kito to ,tki1 ano!r 0 writt5 & recit$ to add great] solemnity to ! oa? :i* he took to gov]n accord+ to mod]n lib]al pr9ciples & to =m a national p>liam5t4 ,to ^? ,japanese ^: fir/ idea ( duty is loyalty to ! emp]or1 ,%9t ?us becomes a sy/em ( patriotism exalt$ to ! rank ( a religion4 ,ev5 ,*ri/ian natives ( ,japan c use mu* ( ! phraseology ( ! ,norito :ile address+ _! petitions on behalf ( _! *ief magi/rate to ! ,k+ ( k+s4 ,! primitive wor%ip ( ! sun1 ( light1 ( fire1 has left its impress ^u ! language & 9 v]nacul> art & cu/oms4 ,among scores ( d]ivations ( ,japanese words 7(t5 m pleas+ ?an sci5tific71 9 :i* ! g5]al t]m hi ent]s1 is t :i* f9ds 9 ! ^w = man1 hito1 ! mean+ ( light-be>]4 ,on ! face ( ! broad t]m9al tiles ( ! h\se-ro(s1 we /ill see m\ld$ ! riv]-we$1 ) :i* ! ,clay-,hill ,maid5 pacifi$ ! ,fire-,god4 ,on ! frontlet ( ! w>rior's helmet1 9 ! old days ( arr[ & armor1 glitt]$ 9 brass on ei!r side ( 8 cre/ ! same symbol ( p[] & victory4 ,hav+ glanc$ at ! ritual ( ,%9t1 let u n[ exam9e ! tea*+s ( its olde/ book4 ,,*apt] ,,iii - ,,! ,,kojiki ,,& ,,its ,,tea*+s ,japan is n a l& :]e m5 ne$ pray1 ,= 'tis itself div9e3 ,yet d ,i lift my voice 9 pray]444 ,hitom>o1 ,a4,d4 #gcg4 ,n[ :5 *aos _h begun to cond5se1 b =ce & =m 7 n yet manife/1 & !re 0 naught nam$1 naught done1 :o c\ld "k its %ape8 ,nev]!less ,heav5 & ,e>? fir/ p>t$1 & ! ?ree ,deities p]=m$ ! comm5cem5t ( creation2 ! ,passive & ,active ,ess5ces !n develop$1 & ! ,two ,spirits became ! ance/ors ( all ?+s4--,preface ( ,yasum> 7,a4,d4 #gab7 to ! ,kojiki4 ,^!1 ! ',kojiki' & ',nihongi' are _! ! ,%9ti/s canonical books1 444 & almo/ _! e ^w is consid]$ und5iable tru?4 ,! ,%9t fai? tea*es t ,god inspir$ ! f\ndation ( ! ,mikadoate1 & t x is !re=e sacr$4--,kaburagi4 ,we n[ rev]5tly make our pray] to ,!m ,our ,imp]ial ,ance/ors & to our ,illu/ri\s ,fa!r ,komei1 #ahfg1 & implore ! help ( ,_! ,sacr$ ,spirits1 & make to ,!m solemn oa? nev] at ?is "t nor 9 ! future to fail to be an example to ,our subjects 9 ! obs]vance ( ! ,law ,con/itution h]eby e/abli%$4--,imp]ial oa? ( ! ,emp]or ,mutsuhito 9 ! sanctu>y 9 ! ,imp]ial ,palace1 ,tki1 ,febru>y #aa1 #ahhi4 ,%9t is n our national religion4 ,a fai? exi/$ be=e x1 :i* 0 its s\rce4 ,x grew out ( sup]/iti\s tea*+ & mi/ak5 tradition4 ,! hi/ory ( ! rise ( ,%9t proves ?is4--,t4 ,matsugami4 ,makoto wo mot ,,kami ,,no ,,mi*i wo o%iyurba n>i4 7,?\ tea*e/ ! way ( ,god 9 tru?47--,m>k xii4 #ad4 ,w>e wa ,micni nuri1 ,mukoto n>i1 ,ino*i n>i4--,john xiv4 #f4--,! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,japanese4 ,,*apt] ,,iii - ,,! ,,kojiki ,,& ,,its ,,tea*+s ,! ,kojiki mid its ,my?s ( ,cosmogony4 ,z to ! orig9 ( ! ,kojiki1 we h 9 ! clos+ s5t5ces ( ! au?or's preface ! sole docum5t>y au?ority expla9+ its scope & c]tify+ to its au!nticity4 ,briefly ! /atem5t is ?is3 ,! ,heav5ly ,sov]eign or ,mikado1 ,temmu 7,a4,d4 #fgc-fhf71 lam5t+ t ! records possess$ by ! *ief families 7 mo/ly amplifi$ by empty falsehoods1 & fe>+ t ! gr& f\ndation ( ! mon>*y w\ld be de/roy$1 resolv$ to pres]ve ! tru?4 ,he !re=e _h ! records c>efully exam9$1 comp>$1 & _! errors elim9at$4 ,!re happ5$ to be 9 8 h\sehold a man ( m>vell\s memory1 nam$ ,hiyda ,ar1 :o c\ld repeat1 )\t mi/ake1 ! cont5ts ( any docum5t he _h ev] se51 & nev] =got any?+ :i* he _h he>d4 ,?is p]son 0 duly in/ruct$ 9 ! g5u9e traditions & old language ( =m] ages1 & made to repeat !m until he _h ! :ole by he>t4 ,be=e ! und]tak+ 0 complet$1 :i* probably means be=e x c\ld be committ$ to writ+1 ! emp]or di$1 & = tw5ty-five ye>s ,ar's memory 0 ! sole depository ( :at aft]w>ds receiv$ ! title ( ',kojiki4' 444 ,at ! end ( ?is int]val ! ,empress ,gemmi ord]$ ,yasum> to write x d[n f ! m\? ( ,ar1 :i* acc\nts = ! completion ( ! manuscript 9 s %ort a "t z f\r mon?s & a half1#a 9 ,a4,d4 #gab4 ,x is f ! ,kojiki t we obta9 mo/ ( our ideas ( anci5t life & ?\ght4 ,! ,nihongi1 or ,*ronicles ( ,japan1 express$ v l>gely 9 ,*9ese phrases & ) ,*9ese te*nical & philosophical t]ms1 fur!r assi/s u to get a measurably correct idea ( :at is call$ ,! ,div9e ,age4 ,( ! two books1 h[ev]1 ! ,kojiki is mu* m valuable z a true record1 because1 ?\gh rude 9 /yle & exce$+ly nave 9 expression1 & by no means free f ,*9ese ?\ghts & phrases1 x is m>k$ by a g5u9ely ,japanese ca/ ( ?\ght & me?od ( composition4 ,in/ead ( ! t]se1 c>efully measur$1 balanc$1 & anti!tical s5t5ces ( correct ,*9ese1 ^? ( ! ,kojiki are long & involv$1 & )\t mu* logical connection4 ,! ,kojiki conta9s ! real notions1 feel+s1 & beliefs ( ,japanese :o liv$ be=e ! eigh? c5tury4 ,rememb]+ t prefaces are1 l porticos1 usually add$ la/ ( all1 we f9d t 9 ! beg9n+ all ?+s 7 9 *aos4 ,heav5 & e>? 7 n sep>at$4 ,! _w sub/ance float$ 9 ! cosmic mass1 l oil on wat] or a fi% 9 ! sea4 ,motion 9 "s way began4 ,! e!real portions sublim$ & =m$ ! heav5s2 ! heavi] residuum became ! pres5t e>?4 ,9 ! pla9 ( high heav51 :5 ! heav5 & e>? began1 7 born ?ree kami :o hid _! bodies1 t is1 pass$ away or di$4 ,out ( ! w>m m\ld ( ! e>? a g]m spr\t$1 & f ?is 7 born two kami1 :o also 7 born alone1 & di$4 ,aft] ^! heav5ly kami came =? :at are call$ ! sev5 div9e g5]ations1 or l9e ( sev5 kami4#b ,to express ! op5+ l9es ( ! ,kojiki 9 t]ms ( our own spee* & 9 ! m\lds ( ,we/]n ?\ght1 we may say t matt] exi/$ be=e m9d & ! gods came =?1 z x 71 by spontane\s evolution4 ,! fir/ ?+ t appe>$ out ( ! w>m e>?-muck 0 l a ru%-spr\t1 & ?is became a kami1 or god4 ,f ?is be+ came =? o!rs1 :i* also produc$ be+s1 until !re 7 p]fect bodies1 sex & diff]5tiation ( p[]s4 ,! ,nihongi1 h[ev]1 n only gives a diff]5t view ( ?is evolution bas+ x ^u ! dualism ( ,*9ese philosophy--t is1 ( ! active & passive pr9ciples--& uses ,*9ese te*nical t]m9ology1 b gives li/s ( kami t diff] notably f ^? 9 ! ,kojiki4 ,?is latt] fact seems to h escap$ ! att5tion ( ^? :o write freely ab\t :at !y imag9e to be ! e>ly religion ( ! ,japanese4#c ,aft] ?is introduction1 9 :i* ,dualities1 ,tr9ities1 & ,supreme ,deities h be5 discov]$ by writ]s unfamili> ) ! g5ius ( ! ,japanese language1 !re foll[s an acc\nt ( ! creation ( ! habitable e>? by ,izanami & ,izanagi1 ^: names mean ! ,male-,:o-,invites & ! ,female-,:o-,invites4 ,! heav5ly kami comm&$ ^! two gods to consolidate & give bir? to ! drift+ l&4 ,/&+ on ! float+ bridge ( heav51 ! male plung$ 8 jewel-spe> into ! un/able wat]s b5ea?1 /irr+ !m until !y gurgl$ & congeal$4 ,:5 he drew =? ! spe>1 ! drops trickl+ f its po9t =m$ an isl&1 ev] aft]w>d call$ ,onokoro-jima1 or ! ,isl& ( ! ,congeal$ ,drop4 ,^u ?is isl& !y desc5d$4 ,! creative pair1 or div9e man & woman1 n[ sep>at$ to make a j\rney r\nd ! isl&1 ! male to ! left1 ! female to ! "r4 ,at _! meet+ ! female spoke fir/3 ,h[ joyful to meet a lovely man6 ,! male1 (f5d$ t ! woman _h spok5 fir/1 requir$ ! circuit to be repeat$4 ,on _! second meet+1 ! man cri$ out3 ,h[ joyful to meet a lovely woman6 ,?is isl& on :i* !y _h desc5d$ 0 ! fir/ ( sev]al :i* !y br\ght into be+4 ,9 poetry x is ! ,isl& ( ! ,congeal$ ,drop4 ,9 common geography x is id5tifi$ z ,awaji1 at ! entrance ( ! ,inl& ,sea4 ,!nce foll[$ ! creation ( ! o!r visible objects 9 nature4 ,izanagi's ,visit to ,hades & ,results4 ,aft] ! bir? ( ! god ( fire1 :i* ne>ly de/roy$ ! "m's life1 ,izanami fl$ to ! l& ( roots or ( d>kness1 t is into ,hades4 ,izanagi1 l a true ,orpheus1 foll[$ 8 ,eurydice & besee*$ h] to come back to e>? to complete ) him ! "w ( creation4 ,%e p>ley$ s long ) ! gods ( ! und]world t h] consort1 break+ (f a too? ( 8 comb1 light$ x z a tor* & ru%$ 94 ,he f\nd h] putrefi$ body1 out ( :i* _h be5 born ! eight gods ( ?und]4 ,horrifi$ at ! awful f\lness :i* he f\nd 9 ! und]world1 he ru%$ up & out1 pursu$ by ! ,ugly-,female-(-,hades4 ,by artifices t be> a wond]ful resemblance to ^? 9 ,teutonic fairy tales1 he block$ up ! way4 ,8 head-dress1 ?r[n at 8 pursu]1 turn$ into grapes :i* %e /opp$ to eat4 ,! tee? ( 8 comb spr\t$ into a bamboo =e/1 :i* deta9$ h]4 ,! ?ree pea*es 7 us$ z projectiles2 8 /aff :i* /uck up 9 ! gr\nd became a gate1 & a mighty rock 0 us$ to block up ! n>r[ pass ?r\gh ! m\nta9s4 ,ea* ( ^! objects has its relation to place-names 9 ,idzumo or to sup]/itions t are /ill extant4 ,! pea*es & ! rocks became gods1 & on ?is incid5t1 by :i* ! be+s 9 ,hades 7 prev5t$ f advance & successful mis*ief on e>?1 is f\nd$ "o ( ! norito :i* ,mr4 ,sat[ gives 9 cond5s$ =m4 ,! names ( ! ?ree gods1#d ,y\? & ,maid5 ( ! ,_m ,road-=k+s1 & ,come-no-fur!r ,gate1 are express$ & invok$ 9 ! praises be/[$ on !m 9 connection ) ! (f]+s4 ,he 7! prie/7 says3 ,i decl>e 9 ! pres5ce ( ! sovran gods1 :o l innum]able piles ( rocks sit clos+ up ! way 9 ! multitud9\s road-=k+s4444 ,i fulfil y\r praises by decl>+ y\r ,,names1 ,y\? & ,maid5 ( ! ,_m ,road-=k+s & ,come-no-fur!r ,gate1 & say3 = ! ,,(f]+s set up t y may prev5t ! s]vants ( ! mon>* f be+ poison$ by & agree+ ) ! ?+s :i* %all come r\ghly-act+ & hat+ f ! ,root-c\ntry1 ! ,bottom-c\ntry1 t y may gu>d ! bottom 7( ! gate7 :5 !y come f ! bottom1 gu>d ! top :5 !y come f ! top1 gu>d+ ) nightly gu>d & ) daily gu>d1 & may praise !m--peacefully take ! great ,,(f]+s :i* are set up by pil+ !m up l a range ( hills1 t is to say1 provid+ bright clo?1 etc41 444 & sitt+ clos+-up ! way l innum]able piles ( rock 9 ! multitud9\s road-=k+s1 deign to praise ! sovran ,,gr&*ild',s augu/ness et]nally & un*ang+ly1 & to bless 8 age z a luxuriant ,,age4 ,retreat+ to ano!r "p ( ! _w--t is1 into s\?we/]n ,japan--,izanami purifi$ himself by ba?+ 9 a /ream4 ,:ile wa%+ himself1#e _m kami 7 borne f ! r9s+s ( 8 p]son1 "o ( !m1 f ! left eye 7! left 9 ,japanese is always ! honorable side71 be+ ! f>-%9+ or heav5-illum9at+ kami1 ^: "n1 ,amatras1 or ,heav5-%9]1 is usually translat$ ,! ,sun-goddess4 ,?is p]sonage is ! c5tre ( ! sy/em ( ,%9t4 ,! creation ( gods by a process ( cleans+ has _h a p[]ful effect on ! ,japanese1 :o usually associate cleanl9ess ( ! body 7less moral1 ?an physical7 ) godl9ess4 ,x is n necess>y to detail fur!r ! v>i\s /ories :i* make up ! ,japanese my?ology4 ,"s ( ^! are lovely & beautiful1 b o!rs are horrible & disgu/+1 :ile ! dom9ant note ?r\gh\t is abundant fil?9ess4 ,pr(essor ,basil ,hall ,*amb]la91 :o has done ! _w su* good s]vice 9 translat+ into ,engli% ! :ole ( ! ,kojiki1 & furni%+ x ) le>n$ comm5t>y & notes1 has well said3 ,! %ock+ obsc5ity ( ^w & act to :i* ! ',records' be> witness is ano!r ugly feature :i* mu/ n q be pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce4 ,x is true t dec5cy1 z we und]/& x1 is a v mod]n product1 & x is n to be look$ = 9 any society 9 ! b>b>\s /age4 ,at ! same "t1 ! :ole range ( lit]ature might p]haps be ransack$ = a p>allel to ! nave fil?9ess ( ! passage =m+ ,sec4 ,,iv4 ( ! foll[+ translation1 or to ! extraord9>y topic :i* ! h]o ,yamato-,tak & 8 mi/ress ,miyadz are made to select z ! !me ( poetical rep>tee4 ,"o passage likewise w\ld lead u to suppose t ! mo/ bea/ly crimes 7 commonly committ$4#f ,inde$1 x happ5s 9 sev]al in/ances t ! ?read by :i* ! m>vell\s pat*work ( unrelat$ & v>y+ local my?s is jo9$ toge!r1 is an indec5t love /ory4 ,a ?\s& ye>s aft] ! traditions ( ! ,kojiki _h be5 committ$ to writ+1 & or?odox ,%9t comm5tators _h le>n$ sci5ce f ! ,dut* at ,nagasaki1 ! /irr+ ( ! _w mud by ,izanagi's spe>#g 0 gravely ass]t$ to be ! cause ( ! diurnal revolution ( ! e>? ^u its axis1 ! po9t ( ! axis be+ /ill ! jewel spe>4#h ,onogoro-jima1 or ! ,isl& ( ! ,congeal$ ,drop1 0 =m]ly at ! nor? pole1#i b subsequ5tly remov$ to its pres5t position4 ,h[ ?is happ5$ is n told4 ,life 9 ,japan ,dur+ ! ,div9e ,age4 ,n[ t ! ,kojiki is 9 ,engli% & all may read x1 we c cle>ly see :o & :at 7 ! ,japanese 9 ! ages be=e lett]s & ,*9ese civilization2 = ^! /ories ( ! kami are b leg5d>y & my?ical acc\nts ( m5 & wom54 ,"o c\ld sc>cely recognize 9 ! isl&]s ( elev5 or twelve hundr$ ye>s ago1 ! poli%$1 brilliant1 & int]e/+ p ( to-day4 ,yet tru? compels u to say t social morals 9 ,dai ,nippon1 ev5 ) telegraphs & railways1 are /ill m l ^? ( anci5t days ?an read]s ( rhapsodies by summ] t\ri/s might suppose4 ,^! e>ly ,japanese1 inde$1 7 possibly 9 a /age ( civilization some:at above t ( ! mo/ advanc$ ( ! ,am]ican ,indians :5 fir/ met by ,europeans1 = !y _h a rude sy/em ( agriculture & knew ! art ( fa%ion+ iron into tools & weapons4 ,/ill1 !y 7 v b>b>\s1 c]ta9ly z mu* s z our ,g]manic =be>s4 ,!y liv$ 9 huts4 ,!y 7 )\t writ+ or comm]ce1 & 7 able to c\nt only to t54#aj ,_! cruelty 0 z revolt+ z t ( ! savage tribes ( ,am]ica4 ,! family 0 9 its mo/ rudim5t>y /age1 ) little or no re/ra9t ^u ! passions ( m54 ,*ildr5 ( ! same fa!r1 b n ( ! same "m1 c\ld int]m>ry4 ,! in/ances ( m5 m>ry+ _! si/]s or aunts 7 v common4 ,!re 0 no art1 unless ! mak+ ( clay images1 to take ! place ( ! liv+ human victims buri$ up to _! necks 9 e>? & left to />ve on ! dea? ( _! ma/]s1#aa may be designat$ z su*4 ,! ,magatama1 or curv$ jewels1 be+ made ( gr\nd & poli%$ /one may be call$ jewelry2 b s9ce "s ( ^! prehi/oric ornam5ts dug up f ! gr\nd are f\nd to be ( jade1 a m9]al :i* does n occur 9 ,japan1 x is evid5t t "s ( ^! tok5s ( culture came f ! cont95t4 ,_m o!r ?+s produc$ by m or less skill$ me*anics1 ! orig9 ( :i* is poetically rec\nt$ 9 ! /ory ( ! danc+ ( ,uzum be=e ! cave 9 :i* ! ,sun-goddess _h hid h]self1#ab 7 ( cont95tal orig94 ,evid5tly ^! m5 ( ! god-way _h pass$ ! /one age1 &1 probably )\t go+ ?r\gh ! int]m$iate bronze age1 7 artific]s ( iron & skill$ 9 its use4 ,mo/ ( ! names ( metals & ( _m o!r sub/ances1 & ! t]ms us$ 9 ! arts & sci5ces1 betray by _! tell-tale etymology _! ,*9ese orig94 ,inde$1 x is evid5t t "s ( ! lead+ kami 7 born 9 ,korea or ,t>t>y4 ,!n z n[ ! p 9 ,japan lov$ nature1 & 7 quickly s5sitive to h] beauty & pr(\ndly 9 sympa?y ) h] v>i$ ph5om5a4 ,9 ! m$ival ages1 ,japanese ,wordswor?s are n unkn[n4#ac ,s9c]ely !y lov$ nature1 & 9 "s respects !y seem$ to und]/& ! "* ( _! c\ntry f> bett] ?an ! ali5 does or c4 ,?\gh a l& ( wond]ful beauty1 ! ,c\ntry ( ,peaceful ,%ores is enfold$ 9 p[]s ( awful de/ructiv5ess4 ,) ! e>?quake & volcano1 ! typhoon & ! tidal wave1 beauty & horror alt]nate ) a swiftness t is amaz+4 ,probably 9 no portion ( ! e>? are ! p & ! l& m l ea* o!r or app>5tly bett] acqua9t$ ) ea* o!r4 ,n[h]e are ?\ght & spee* m reflective ( ! features ( ! l&scape4 ,ev5 aft] t5 c5turies1 ! ,japanese are1 9 temp]am5t1 :at ! ,kojiki reveals !m to h be5 9 _! e>ly simplicity4 ,inde$1 j z ! mod]n ,fr5*man1 d[n b5ea? 8 outw>d environm5ts & 8 habilim5ts cut & fitt$ ye/]day1 is intr9sically ! same ,gaul :om ,julius ,cs> describ$ eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 s ! g5tleman ( ,tki or ,kito is1 9 8 m5tal make-up1 wond]fully l 8 ance/ors describ$ by ! fir/ ,japanese ,/anley1 :o %$ ! light ( lett]s ^u ! night ( unlett]$ ,japan & d>ke/ ,dai ,nippon4 ,! ,kojiki reveals to u1 likewise1 ! *ildlike religi\s ideas ( ! isl&]s4 ,heav5 lay1 n ab\t b above !m 9 _! infancy1 yet n f> away4 ,al?\gh 9 ! ,notices1 x is ! high pla9 ( heav51 yet x is j ov] _! heads1 & once a s+le pill> jo9$ x & ! e>?4 ,lat]1 ! idea 01 t x 0 held up by ! pill>-gods ( ! w9d1 & to !m norito 7 recit$4 ,! great pla9 ( ! blue sea & ! l& ( luxuriant re$s =m ! _w--:i* means ,japan4 ,! gods are only m5 ( pr[ess or r5[n4 ,a kami is any?+ wond]ful--god or man1 rock or /ream1 bird or snake1 :atev] is surpris+1 s5sational1 or ph5om5al1 z 9 ! little *ild's _w ( to-day4 ,!re is no %>p l9e divid+ gods f m51 ! natural f ! sup]natural1 ev5 z ) ! normal un$ucat$ ,japanese ( to-day4 ,z = ! kami or gods1 !y h all sorts ( *>act]s2 "s ( !m be+ rude & ill-mann]$1 _m ( !m bea/ly & fil?y1 :ile o!rs are noble & b5evol5t4 ,! attributes ( moral purity1 wisdom & hol9ess1 _c be1 & 9 ! orig9al writ+s are n1 ascrib$ to !m2 b !y 7 /rong & _h p[]4 ,9 s f> z !y _h p[] !y 7 call$ kami or gods1 :e!r cele/ial or t]re/rial4 ,among ! kami--! "o t]m "u :i* !y are all includ$--!re 7 heav5ly bodies1 m\nta9s1 riv]s1 trees1 rocks & animals1 because ^? also 7 suppos$ to possess =ce1 or at lea/ "s k9d ( influ5ce = good or evil4 ,ev5 pea*es1 z we h se51 :5 trans=m$ into rocks1 became gods4#ad ,t !re 0 wor%ip ) awe1 rev]5ce1 & fe>1 & t ! fe/ivals & sacrifices _h two purposes1 "o ( propitiat+ ! (f5d$ ,kami & ! o!r ( purify+ ! wor%ipp]1 may be se5 9 ! norito or liturgies1 "s ( :i* are exce$+ly beautiful4#ae ,9 !m ! feel+s ( ! gods are (t5 ref]r$ to4 ,sometimes _! *>act]s are describ$4 ,yet "o looks 9 va9 9 ei!r ! ,notices1 poems1 or liturgies = any?+ def9ite 9 reg>d to ^! deities1 or conc]n+ morals or doctr9es to be held z dogmas4 ,! fir/ gods come into exi/5ce aft] evolution ( ! matt] ( :i* !y are compos$ has tak5 place4 ,! lat] gods are sometimes able to tell :o are _! prog5itors1 sometimes n4 ,!y live & fight1 eat & dr9k1 & give v5t to _! appetites & passions1 & !n !y die2 b exactly :at becomes ( !m aft] !y die1 ! record does n /ate4 ,"s are 9 heav51 "s on ! e>?1 "s 9 ,hades4 ,! und]world ( ! fir/ cycle ( tradition is by no means t ( ! second4#af ,"s ( ! kami are 9 ! wat]1 or on ! wat]1 or 9 ! air4 ,z = man1 !re is no cle> /atem5t z to :e!r he is to h any future life or :at is to become ( him1 ?\gh ! cu/om or jun-%i1 or dy+ ) ! ma/]1 po9ts to a sort ( immortality su* z ! e>ly ,greeks & ! ,iroquois believ$ 94 ,x w\ld task ! ke5e/ & able/ ,%9ti/ to d$uce or con/ruct a sy/em ( !ology1 or ( e?ics1 or ( an?ropology f ! mass ( tradition s full ( gaps & discord z t f\nd 9 ! ,kojiki1 & none has done x4 ,nor d ! inaccurate1 di/ort$1 & (t5 almo/ :olly factiti\s translations1 s-call$1 ( ,fr5* & o!r writ]s1 :o make v]sions :i* hit ! ta/e ( _! occid5tal read]s f> bett] ?an !y express ! tru?1 yield ! desir$ in=mation4 ,l ! end /r&s ( a new spid]'s web1 ! l9es ( in=mation on mo/ vital po9ts are /ill 9 ! air4 ,! ,e?ics ( ! ,god-way4 ,!re are no codes ( morals inculcat$ 9 ! god-way1 = ev5 its mod]n revivali/s & expon5ts consid] t morals are ! inv5tion ( wick$ p l ! ,*9ese2 :ile ! anci5t ,japanese 7 pure 9 ?\ght & act4 ,!y rev]$ ! gods & obey$ ! ,mikado1 & t 0 ! *ief end ( man1 9 ^? anci5t times :5 ,japan 0 ! _w & ,heav5 0 j above ! e>?4 ,n exactly on ,paul's pr9ciple ( :]e !re is no law !re is no transgression1 b utt]ly sc\t+ ! idea t =mulat$ e?ics 7 necess>y = ^! pure-m9d$ p1 ! mod]n revivali/s ( ,%9t tea* t all t is ( fai? n[ is to rev]e ! gods1 keep ! he>t pure1 & foll[ its dictates4#ag ,! navet ( ! repres5tatives ( ,%9t at ,*icago 9 ,a4,d4 #ahic1 0 almo/ z great z t ( ! revivali/s :o wrote :5 ,japan 0 a h]mit nation4 ,! v fact t !re 0 no moral comm&m5ts1 n ev5 ( loyalty or ob$i5ce su* z ,confucianism aft]w>d promulgat$ & =mulat$1 is pro( to ! mod]n ,%9ti/ t ! primeval ,japanese 7 pure & holy2 !y did "r1 naturally1 & h5ce he does n hesitate to call ,japan1 ! ,l& ( ! ,gods1 ! ,c\ntry ( ! ,holy ,spirits1 ! ,region ,betwe5 ,heav5 & ,e>?1 ! ,isl& ( ! ,congeal$ ,drop1 ! ,sun's ,ne/1 ! ,pr9cess ,c\ntry1 ! ,l& ( ,great ,peace1 ! ,l& ( ,great ,g5tl5ess1 ! ,mikado's ,empire1 ! ,c\ntry rul$ by a ,!ocratic ,dyna/y4 ,he consid]s t only ) ! vice br\ght ov] f ! ,cont95t ( ,asia 7 e?ics bo? import$ & made necess>y4#ah ,all ?is has be5 solemnly taught by fam\s ,%9t s*ol>s ( ! eighte5? & n9ete5? c5turies1 & is /ill practically promulgat$ 9 ! polemic ,%9t lit]ature ( to-day1 ev5 aft] ! ,kojiki has be5 /udi$ & translat$ into ,european languages4 ,! ,kojiki %[s t :atev] ! m5 may h be5 or done1 ! gods 7 abom9ably obsc5e1 & bo? 9 ^w & de$ 7 f\l & revolt+1 utt]ly oppos$ 9 act to ^? res]ves ( mode/y or /&>ds ( %ame t exi/ ev5 among ! cultivat$ ,japanese to-day4#ai ,ev5 among ! ,a9os1 :om ! ,japanese look ^u z savages1 !re is /ill mu* ( ! obsc5ity ( spee* :i* belongs to all society#bj 9 a /ate ( b>b>ism2 b x has be5 prov$ t g5u9e mode/y is a *>act]i/ic ( ! ,a9o wom54#ba ,a lit]al ,engli% translation ( ! ,kojiki1 h[ev]1 requires an abundant use ( ,lat9 9 ord] to protect x f ! grasp ( ! law 9 ,engli%-speak+ ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 ,*amb]la9's v]sion1 ! num]\s cesspools are ?us fill$ up ) a dead language1 & ! road is con/ruct$ = ! read]1 :o likes ! language ( ,edmund ,sp5c]1 ( ,william ,tyndale & ( ,john ,rusk9 kept unsoil$4 ,! cruelty :i* m>ks ?is e>ly /age %[s t ?\gh moral codes did n exi/1 ! ,buddhi/ & ,confucian mission>y 7 = ,japan necessities ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,comp>+ ! result to-day ) ! /ate ( ?+s 9 ! e>ly times1 "o mu/ aw>d high praise to ,buddhism t x has made ! ,japanese g5tle1 & to ,confucianism t x has taught ! proprieties ( life1 s t ! poli%$ ,japanese g5tleman1 z to c\rtesy1 is 9 _m respects ! pe] & at "s ext]nal po9ts ! sup]ior1 ( 8 ,european confrre4 ,ano!r fact1 made repulsively cle>1 ab\t life 9 anci5t ,japan1 is t ! high ideals ( tru? & honor1 *>act]i/ic at lea/ ( ! ,samurai ( mod]n times1 7 utt]ly unkn[n 9 ! days ( ! kami4 ,trea*]y 0 common4 ,in/ances multiply on ! pages ( ! ,kojiki :]e fri5d betray$ fri5d4 ,! mo/ sacr$ relations ( life 7 violat$4 ,altoge!r ^! 7 ! d>ke/ ages ( ,japan1 ?\gh1 z among ! r$ m5 ( ,am]ica1 !re 7 n want+ _m noble examples ( /oical endurance1 ( c\rage1 & ( p[] nobly ex]t$ = ! b5efit ( o!rs4 ,! ,rise ( ,mikadoism4 ,nev]!less we mu/ n =get t ! m5 ( ! e>ly age ( ! ,kami no ,mi*i conqu]$ ! aborig9es by sup]ior dogmas & feti*es1 z well z by sup]ior weapons4 ,! entrance ( ^! h]oes1 invad]s f ! highl&s ( ! ,asian cont95t1 by way ( ,korea1 0 relatively a v influ5tial factor ( progress1 ?\gh n s important z 0 ! ,aryan desc5t ^u ,india1 or ! ,norman invasion ( ,engl&1 = ! aborig9al tribes 7 va/ly l[] 9 ! scale ( humanity ?an _! subdu]s4 ,:]e !y f\nd savag]y !y introduc$ b>b>ism1 :i*1 ?\gh unlett]$ & bas$ on ! sword1 0 a va/ improvem5t ov] :at may be call$ ! geological /ate ( man1 9 :i* he is b slightly rais$ above ! brutes4 ,= ! pro(s f ! %ell heaps1 comb9$ ) ! reflect$ evid5ces ( folk-lore1 %[1 t cannibalism#bb 0 common 9 ! e>ly ages1 & t among ! aborig9al hill tribes x l+]$ aft] ! inhabitants ( ! pla9 & %ore _h be5 subdu$4 ,! conqu]ors1 :o made !mselves p>am\nt ov] ! o!r tribes & :o develop$ ! ,kami religion1 aboli%$ ?is relic ( savag]y1 & gave ord] :]e !re _h be5 *ronic w>4 ,ano!r ?+ t impresses u because ( its abundant illu/rations1 is ! preval5ce ( human sacrifices4 ,! v anci5t folk-lore %[s t beautiful maid5s 7 dem&$ by ! sea-gods 9 propitiation1 or 7 dev\r$ by ! dragons4 ,^! human victims 7 ei!r *os5 or volunt>ily (f]$1 & 9 "s in/ances 7 rescu$ f _! fate by *ivalr\s h]oes#bc f among ! invad]s4 ,^! gods ( ! sea1 :o anci5tly 7 propitiat$ by ! sacrifice ( human be+s1 are ! same to :om ,japanese sailors /ill pray1 despite _! ,buddhism4 ,! title ( ! effici5t victims 0 hitoga-%ira1 or human pill>s4 ,in/ances ( ?is c]emony1 :]e m5 7 l[]$ into ! wat] & dr[n$ 9 ord] to make ! sure f\ndation = bridges1 pi]s or sea-walls1 or :]e !y 7 buri$ alive 9 ! e>? 9 ord] to lay ! "r bases = walls or ca/les1 are q num]\s1 & mo/ ( ! local hi/ories conta9 specific traditions4#bd ,^! traditions1 n[ transfigur$1 /ill survive 9 cu/oms t are z beautiful z !y are h>mless4 ,to re=m]s ( pre-,buddhi/ic days1 belongs ! cr$it ( ! abolition ( jun-%i1 or dy+ ) ! ma/] by burial alive1 z well z ( ! sacrifice to dragons & sea-gods4 ,/range z x may seem1 be=e ,buddhism captur$ & made use ( ,%9t = its own purposes 7j z x /&s ready to-day to absorb ,*ri/ianity by mak+ ,jesus "o ( ! ,pale/9ian avat>s ( ! ,buddha71 ! h\se or tribe ( ,yamato1 ) its claim to desc5t f ! heav5ly gods1 & ) its ,mikado or god-rul]1 _h giv5 to ! ,buddhi/s a prec$5t & pot5t example4 ,%9t1 z a /ate religion or union ( politics & piety1 ) its sy/em ( %r9es & fe/ivals1 & 9 %ort ! :ole ,kami no ,mi*i1 or ,%9t z we "k x1 f ! six? to ! eigh? c5tury1 0 9 itself 79 "p at lea/71 a case ( ! absorption ( "o religion by ano!r4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,mikado tribe or ,yamato clan did1 9 reality1 capture ! aborig9al religion1 & turn x into a great political ma*9e4 ,!y attempt$ syncretism & succe$$ 9 _! s*eme4 ,!y add$ to _! own /ock ( dogma & feti* t ( ! natives4 ,only1 :ile recogniz+ ! 7e>?7 gods ( ! aborig9es !y proclaim$ ! sup]iority ( ! ,mikado z repres5tative & viceg]5t ( ,heav51 & dem&$ t ev5 ! gods ( ! e>?1 m\nta91 riv]1 w9d1 & ?und] & lightn+ %\ld obey him4 ,n cont5t1 h[ev]1 ) absorb+ & corrupt+ = political purposes ! primitive fai? ( ! aborig9es1 ! invad]s corrupt$ _! own religion by c>ry+ ! dogma ( ! div9ity & infallibility ( ! ,mikado too f>4 ,/opp+ %ort ( no absurdity1 !y decl>$ _! *ief great] ev5 ?an ! heav5ly gods1 & made _! religion c5tre 9 him r ?an 9 8 alleg$ heav5ly ance/ors1 or heav54 ,9 ! int]e/ ( politics & conque/1 & = ! sake ( ma9ta9+ ! pre/ige ( _! tribe & clan1 ^! ,mikado-rev]5c]s ( e>ly ages advanc$ f dogma to dogma1 until _! lead] 0 virtually *ief god 9 a great pan!on4 ,a critical native ,japanese1 /ud5t ( ! ,kojiki & ( ! e>ly writ+s1 ,pr(essor ,kumi1 =m]ly ( ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity 9 ,tki1 has br\ght to light abundant evid5ce to %[ t ! aborig9al religion f\nd by ! ,yamato conqu]ors 0 m>k$ly diff]5t at _m vital po9ts1 f t :i* 0 long aft]w>d call$ ,%9t4 ,if ! view ( rec5t /ud5ts ( an?ropology be correct1 t ! elem5ts dom9at+ ! population 9 anci5t ,japan 7 9 ! s\?1 ,malay2 9 ! nor?1 ,a9o2 & 9 ! c5tral region1 or t occupi$ by ! ,yamato m51 ,korean2 !n1 ^! cont95tal invad]s may h be5 wor%ipp]s ( ,heav5 & h possess$ a religion closely ak9 to t ( anci5t ,*9a ) its mono!ism4 ,x is v probable also t !y came into contact ) tribes or colonies ( _! fell[-cont95tals f ,asia4 ,^! tribes1 hunt]s1 fi%]m51 or rude agriculturi/s--:o _h previ\sly rea*$ ,japan--practis$ _m rites & c]emonies :i* 7 mu* l ^? ( ! new invad]s4 ,x is c]ta9 also1 z we h se51 t ! ,yamato m5 made ultimate conque/ & unification ( all ! isl&]s1 n m]ely by ! sup]iority ( _! valor & ( _! weapons ( iron1 b also by _! dogmas4 ,aft] success 9 battle1 & ! fir/ beg9n+s ( rude gov]nm5t1 !y taught _! conqu]$ subjects or ov]-aw$ vassals1 t !y 7 ! desc5dants ( ! heav5ly gods2 t _! ance/ors _h come d[n f heav52 f9d t _! *ief or ,mikado 0 a god4 ,accord+ to ! same dogmatics1 ! aborig9es 7 desc5dants ( ! e>?-born gods1 & z su* mu/ obey ! desc5dants ( ! heav5ly gods1 & _! viceg]5t ^u ! e>?1 ! ,mikado4 ,purification ( ,(f5ces4 ,^! heav5-desc5d$ ,yamato p 7 9 ! ma9 agriculturi/s1 ?\gh ( a rude ord]1 :ile ! outly+ tribes 7 mo/ly hunt]s & fi%]m52 & _m ( ! rituals %[ ! class ( crimes :i* nomads1 or m5 ( unsettl$ life1 w\ld naturally commit aga9/ _! neighbors liv+ 9 comp>atively settl$ ord]4 ,x is to be not$ t 9 ! god-way ! orig9 ( evil is to be ascrib$ to evil gods4 ,^! kami pollute1 & pollution is iniquity4 ,f ?is iniquity ! p are to be purg$ by ! gods ( purification1 to :om (f]+s are duly made4 ,he :o w\ld und]/& ! passion = cleanl9ess :i* *>act]izes ! ,japanese mu/ look = its s\rce 9 _! anci5t religion4 ,! root idea ( ! ^w tsumi1 :i* ,mr4 ,sat[ translat$ z (f5ce1 is t ( pollution4 ,on ?is basis1 ( ?+s pure & ?+s defil+1 ! anci5t tea*]s ( ,%9t made _! classification ( :at 0 good & :at 0 bad4 ,f ! impression ( :at 0 repulsive arose ! idea ( guilt4 ,9 rituals translat$ by ,mr4 ,sat[1 ! li/ ( (f5ces is giv5 & ! defilem5ts are to be remov$ to ! ne!r _w1 or1 9 common fact1 ! pollut$ objects & ! expiatory sacrifices are to be ?r[n into ! riv]s & !nce c>ri$ to ! sea1 :]e !y fall to ! bottom ( ! e>?4 ,! foll[+ norito cle>ly %[s ?is4 ,fur!rmore1 z ,mr4 ,sat[1 ! translator1 po9ts out1 ?is ritual conta9s ! g]m ( crim9al law1 a :ole code ( :i* might h be5 evolv$ & =mulat$ "u ,%9t1 _h n ,buddhism arre/$ its gr[?4 ,among/ ! v>i\s sorts ( (f5ces :i* may be committ$ 9 ignorance or out ( neglig5ce by heav5's increas+ p1 :o %all come into be+ 9 ! c\ntry1 :i* ! ,sovran ,,gr&*ild',s augu/ness1 hid+ 9 ! fre% ,,resid5ce1 built by /\tly plant+ ! ,,h\se-pill>s on ! bottom-mo/ rocks1 & exalt+ ! cross-beams to ! pla9 ( high heav51 z 8 ,,%ade f ! heav5s & ,,%ade f ! sun1 %all tranquilly ru9 z a peaceful c\ntry1 namely1 ! c\ntry ( great ,yamato1 :]e ! sun is soon on high1 :i* he fix$ ^u z a peaceful c\ntry1 z ! c5tre ( ! c\ntries ( ! f\r qu>t]s ?us be/[$ ^u him--break+ ! ridges1 fill+ up wat]-c\rses1 op5+ sluices1 d\ble-s[+1 plant+ /akes1 flay+ alive1 flay+ backw>ds1 & dung+2 _m ( su* (f5ces are di/+ui%$ z heav5ly (f5ces1 & z e>?ly (f5ces2 cutt+ liv+ fle%1 cutt+ dead fle%1 leprosy1 pr\d-fle%1 444 calamities ( crawl+ worms1 calamities ( a god on high1 calamities ( birds on high1 ! (f5ces ( kill+ bea/s & us+ incantations2 _m ( su* (f5ces may be disclos$4 ,:5 he has ?us repeat$ x1 ! heav5ly gods w pu% op5 heav5's et]nal gates1 & cleav+ a pa? ) might ?r\gh ! manifold cl\ds ( heav51 w he>2 & ! c\ntry gods1 asc5d+ to ! tops ( ! high m\nta9s1 & to ! tops ( ! l[ hills1 & te>+ asund] ! mi/s ( ! high m\nta9s & ! mi/s ( ! l[ hills1 w he>4 ,& :5 !y h ?us he>d1 ! ,maid5-(-,desc5t-into-!-,curr5t1 :o dwells 9 ! curr5t ( ! swift /ream :i* boils d[n ! rav9es f ! tops ( ! high m\nta9s1 & ! tops ( ! l[ hills1 %all c>ry out to ! great sea pla9 ! (f5ces :i* are cle>$ away & purifi$1 s t !re be no rema9+ (f5ce2 l z ,%9ato's w9d bl[s ap>t ! manifold cl\ds ( heav51 z ! morn+ w9d & ! ev5+ w9d bl[ away ! morn+ mi/ & ! ev5+ mi/1 z ! great %ips :i* lie on ! %ore ( a great port loos5 _! pr[s1 & loos5 _! /]ns to pu% out into ! great sea-pla92 z ! trunks ( ! =e/ trees1 f> & ne>1 are cle>$ away by ! %>p sickle1 ! sickle =g$ ) fire3 s t !re ceas$ to be any (f5ce call$ an (f5ce 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,sovran ,,gr&*ild',s augu/ness to beg9 )1 & 9 ! c\ntries ( ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! region "u heav54 ,& :5 %e ?us c>ries !m out & away1 ! deity call$ ! ,maid5-(-!-,swift-cleans+1 :o dwells 9 ! multitud9\s meet+s ( ! sea wat]s1 ! multitud9\s curr5ts ( r\gh sea-wat]s %all gulp !m d[n4 ,& :5 %e has ?us gulp$ !m d[n1 ! "l ( ! ,brea?-bl[+-place1 :o dwells 9 ! ,brea?-bl[+-place1 %all utt]ly bl[ !m away ) 8 brea? to ! ,root-c\ntry1 ! ,bottom-c\ntry4 ,& :5 he has ?us bl[n !m away1 ! deity call$ ! ,maid5-(-,swift-,bani%m5t1 :o dwells 9 ! ,root-c\ntry1 ! ,bottom-c\ntry1 %all completely bani% !m1 & get rid ( !m4 ,& :5 !y h ?us be5 got rid (1 !re %all f ?is day onw>ds be no (f5ce :i* is call$ (f5ce1 ) reg>d to ! m5 ( ! (fices :o s]ve 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,sovran1 nor 9 ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! region "u heav54 ,!n ! high prie/ says3 ,he> all ( y h[ he leads =? ! horse1 z a ?+ t erects its e>s t[>ds ! pla9 ( high heav51 & deigns to sweep away & purify ) ! g5]al purification1 z ! ev5+ sun goes d[n on ! la/ day ( ! wat]y moon ( ?is ye>4 ,o div9]s ( ! f\r c\ntries1 take 7! sacrifices7 away out to ! riv] highway1 & sweep !m away4 ,mikadoism ,usurps ! ,primitive ,god-way4 ,a fur!r pro( ( ! trans=mation ( ! primitive god-way 9 ! int]e/ ( practical politics1 is %[n by ,pr(essor ,kumi 9 ! fact t "s ( ! fe/ivals n[ directly connect$ ) ! ,mikado's h\se1 & ev5 9 8 honor1 7 orig9ally fe/ivals ) :i* he _h no?+ to d1 except z lead] ( ! wor%ip1 = ! honor 0 paid to ,heav51 & n to 8 ance/ors4 ,pr(essor ,kumi ma9ta9s t ! ?anksgiv+s ( ! c\rt 7 orig9ally to ,heav5 itself1 & n 9 honor ( ,amatras1 ! sun-goddess1 z is n[ popul>ly believ$4 ,x is relat$ 9 ! ,kojiki t ,amatras h]self celebrat$ ! fea/ ( ,ni9am4 ,s also1 ! temple ( ,is1 ! ,mecca ( ,%9t1 & ! ,holy %r9e 9 ! imp]ial palace 7 orig9ally temples = ! wor%ip ( ,heav54 ,! inf]ior gods ( e>?ly orig9 =m no "p ( primitive ,%9t4 ,n "o ( ! fir/ ,mikados 0 deifi$ aft] dea?1 ! deification ( emp]ors dat+ f ! corruption :i* ,%9t und]w5t aft] ! introduction ( ,buddhism4 ,only by degrees 0 ! rul] ( ! c\ntry giv5 a place 9 ! wor%ip1 & ?is connection 0 made by attribut+ to him desc5t f ,heav54 ,9 a ^w1 ! cont5tion ( ,pr(essor ,kumi is1 t ! anci5t religion ( at lea/ a portion ( ! ,japanese & especially ( ^? 9 c5tral ,japan1 0 a rude sort ( mono!ism1 c\pl$1 z 9 anci5t ,*9a1 ) ! wor%ip ( subord9ate spirits4 ,x is ne$less to say t su* applications ( ! high] criticism to ! anci5t sacr$ docum5ts prov$ to be no saf] = ! appli] ?an if he _h liv$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,! or?odox ,%9ti/s 7 r\s$ to wra? & *>g$ ! le>n$ critic ) degrad+ ,%9t to a m]e bran* ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! gov]nm5t1 :i*1 despite its ,con/itution & ,diet1 is 9 ! eyes ( ! p really bas$ on ! my?s ( ! ,kojiki1 quickly put ! pr(essor on ! retir$ li/4#be ,x is probably correct to say t ! argum5ts adduc$ by ,pr(essor ,kumi1 confirm our !ory ( ! sub/itution 9 ! simple god-way1 ( ,mikadoism1 ! c5tre ( ! primitive wor%ip be+ ! sun & nature r ?an ,heav54 ,betwe5 ! anci5t ,*9ese religion ) its ab/ract idea ( ,heav5 & its p]sonal t]m = ,god1 & ! m poetic & *ildlike sy/em ( ! god-way1 !re seems to be z mu* diff]5ce z !re is racially betwe5 ! p ( ! ,middle ,k+dom & ^? ( ! ,l& ,:]e ! ,day ,beg9s4 ,inde$1 ! entrance ( ,*9ese philosophical & ab/ract ideas seem$ to p>alyze ! ,japanese imag9ation4 ,n only did my?-mak+1 on its purely /hetic & non-utilit>ian side cease almo/ at once1 b su* my?s z 7 =m$ 7 = direct bus9ess purposes & ) a transp>5t t5d5cy4 ,h5ce=?1 9 ! doma9 ( imag9ation ! ,japanese intellect busi$ itself ) assimilat+ or re-work+ ! abundant mat]ial import$ by ,buddhism4 ,anci5t ,cu/oms & ,usages4 ,9 ! anci5t god-way ! temple or %r9e 0 call$ a miya4 ,aft] ! adv5t ( ,buddhism ! keep]s ( ! %r9e 7 call$ kannu%i1 t is1 %r9e keep]s or w>d5s ( ! god4 ,^! m5 7 usually desc5dants ( ! god 9 ^: honor ! temples 7 built4 ,! gods be+ no?+ m ?an human f\nd]s ( families1 rev]5ce 0 paid to !m z ance/ors1 & s ! basis ( ,%9t is ance/or wor%ip4 ,! model ( ! miya1 9 mod]n z 9 anci5t times1 is ! primitive hut z x 0 be=e ,buddhism introduc$ ,indian & ,*9ese ar*itecture4 ,! po/s1 /uck 9 ! gr\nd1 & n laid ^u /ones z 9 aft] times1 support$ ! walls & ro(1 ! latt] be+ ( ?at*4 ,! raft]s1 cross$ at ! top1 7 ti$ along ! ridge-pole ) ! fibres ( creep]s or wi/>ia v9es4 ,no pa9t1 lacqu]1 gild+1 or ornam5ts ( any sort exi/$ 9 ! anci5t %r9e1 & ev5 to-day ! mod]n ,%9t temple mu/ be ( pure h9oki or sun-wood1 & ?at*$1 :ile ! use ( metal is z f> z possible avoid$4 ,to ! gods1 z ! norito %[1 (f]+s ( v>i\s k9ds 7 made1 consi/+ ( ! fruits ( ! soil1 ! products ( ! sea1 & ! fabrics ( ! loom4 ,inside mod]n temples "o (t5 sees a mirror1 9 :i* =eign]s ) lively imag9ations read a great deal t is only ! %ad[ ( _! own m9d1 b :i* probably 0 nev] kn[n 9 ,%9t temples until aft] ,buddhi/ times4 ,!y also see 9 front ( ! unpa9t$ wood5 closets or casem5ts1 w&s or /icks ( wood f :i* dep5d masses or /rips ( :ite pap]1 cut & not*$ 9 a p>ticul> way4 ,=eign]s1 ^: fancy is nimble1 h read 9 ^! ! symbols ( lightn+1 ! abode ( ! spirits & v>i\s =?%ad[+s unkn[n ei!r to ! ,japanese or ! anci5t writ+s4 ,9 reality ^! gohei1 or honorable (f]+s1 are no?+ m ?an ! pap] repres5tatives ( ! anci5t (f]+s ( clo? :i* 7 wov51 z ! arts progress$1 ( b>k1 ( hemp & ( silk4 ,! *ief ,%9t m9i/]s ( religion & %r9e-keep]s belong$ to p>ticul> families1 :i* 7 (t5 honor$ ) titles & (fices by ! emp]or4 ,9 ord9>y life !y dress$ l o!rs ( _! own rank or /ation1 b :5 engag$ 9 _! sacr$ (fice 7 rob$ 9 :ite or 9 a special (ficial co/ume1 we>+ ^u _! heads ! bo%i or peculi> cap :i* we associate ) ,japanese ar*ology4 ,!y knew no?+ ( celibacy2 b m>ri$1 re>$ families & kept _! scalps free f ! razor1 ?\gh "s ( ! l[] ord] ( %r9e-keep]s dress$ _! hair 9 ord9>y /yle1 t is1 ) %av5 poll & topknot4 ,at "s ( ! m important %r9es1 l ^? at ,is1 !re 7 virg9 prie/esses :o act$ z cu/odians bo? ( ! %r9es & ( ! relics4#bf ,9 front ( ! miyas /ood :at we %\ld suppose on fir/ see+ 0 a gateway4 ,?is 0 ! torii or bird-p]*1 & anci5tly 0 made only ( unpa9t$ wood4 ,two upright tree-trunks held crosswise on a smoo? tree-trunk ! ends ( :i* project$ some:at ov] ! supports1 :ile "u ?is 0 a small] beam ins]t$ betwe5 ! two uprights4 ,on ! torii1 ! birds1 g5]ally b>n-y>d f[ls :i* 7 sacr$ to ! gods1 roo/$4 ,^! creatures 7 n (f]$ up z sacrifices1 b 7 *anticle]s to give notice ( day-break & ! ris+ ( ! sun4 ,! cock holds a prom95t place 9 ,japanese my?1 leg5d1 art & symbolism4 ,h[ ?is feature ( pure ,japanese ar*itecture1 ! torii1 aft]w>d lo/ its mean+1 we %all %[ 9 our lecture on ,riybu or mix$ ,buddhism4 ,%9t's ,emphasis on ,cleanl9ess4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable features ( ,%9t 0 ! emphasis laid on cleanl9ess4 ,pollution 0 calamity1 defilem5t 0 s91 & physical purity at lea/1 0 hol9ess4 ,ev]y?+ t c\ld 9 any way soil ! body or ! clo?+ 0 look$ ^u ) abhorr5ce & dete/ation4 ,disease1 w\nds & dea? 7 defil+1 & ! feel+ ( disgu/ prevail$ ov] t ( ei!r sympa?y or pity4 ,bir? & dea? 7 especially pollut+4 ,anci5tly !re 7 huts built bo? = ! "m ab\t to give bir? to a *ild1 or = ! man :o 0 dy+ or sure to die ( disease or w\nds4 ,aft] ! bir? ( ! infant or ! dea? ( ! pati5t ^! h\ses 7 burn$4 ,cruel z ?is sy/em 0 to ! woman at a "t :5 %e ne$$ mo/ c>e & com=t1 & brutal z x seems 9 reg>d to ! sick & dy+1 yet ?is anci5t cu/om 0 cont9u$ 9 a few remote places 9 ,japan z late z ! ye> #ahgh4bg ,9 mod]n days ) equal k ( dang] & defilem5t1 t5d]ness & compassion temp] ! feel+ ( disgu/1 & prevail ov] x4 ,horror ( uncleanl9ess 0 s great t ! prie/s ba!d & put on clean g>m5ts be=e mak+ ! sacr$ (f]+s or *ant+ ! liturgies1 & 7 accu/om$ to b9d a slip ( pap] ov] _! m\?s le/ _! brea? %\ld pollute ! (f]+4 ,num]\s 7 ! special fe/ivals1 obs]v$ simply = purification4 ,salt also 0 commonly us$ to spr9kle ov] ! gr\nd1 & ^? :o att5d$ a fun]al mu/ free !mselves f contam9ation by ! use ( salt4#bh ,purification by wat] 0 habitual & 9 v>i$ =ms4 ,! anci5t emp]ors & prie/s actually p]=m$ ! ablution ( ! p or made public lu/ration 9 _! behalf4 ,aft]w>ds1 & probably because population increas$ & t[ns sprang up1 we f9d x 0 cu/om>y at ! fe/ivals ( purification to p]=m public ablution1 vic>i\sly1 z x 71 by means ( pap] mannik9s in/ead ( mak+ applications ( wat] to ! human cuticle4 ,twice a ye> pap] figures repres5t+ ! p 7 ?r[n into ! riv]1 ! typical mean+ ( :i* 0 t ! nation 0 !reby cleans$ f ! s9s1 t is1 ! defilem5ts1 ( ! previ\s half-ye>4 ,/ill lat]1 ! ,mikado made ! *ief m9i/] ( religion at ,kito 8 deputy to p]=m ! symbolical act = ! p ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,pray]s to ,myriads ( ,gods4 ,9 pray]1 ! wor%ipp]1 approa*+ ! temple b n ent]+ x1 pulls a rope usually made ( :ite mat]ial & atta*$ to a peculi>-%ap$ bell hung ov] ! %r9e1 call+ ! att5tion ( ! deity to 8 devotions4 ,hav+ wa%$ 8 h&s & r9s$ out 8 m\?1 he places 8 h&s rev]5tly toge!r & (f]s 8 petition4 ,conc]n+ ! me?od & words ( pray]1 ,hirata1 a fam\s expon5t ( ,%9t1 ?us writes3 ,z ! numb] ( ! gods :o possess diff]5t functions is s great1 x w be conv5i5t to wor%ip by "n only ! mo/ important & to include ! re/ 9 a g5]al petition4 ,^? ^: daily affairs are s multitud9\s t !y h n "t to g ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! foll[+ morn+ pray]s1 may cont5t !mselves ) ador+ ! resid5ce ( ! emp]or1 ! dome/ic kami-dana1 ! spirits ( _! ance/ors1 _! local patron god & ! deity ( _! p>ticul> call+ 9 life4 ,9 pray+ to ! gods ! bless+s :i* ea* has x 9 8 p[] to be/[ are to be m5tion$ 9 a few words1 & !y are n to be annoy$ ) gre$y petitions1 = ! ,mikado 9 8 palace (f]s up petitions daily on behalf ( 8 p1 :i* are f> m effectual ?an ^? ( 8 subjects4 ,ris+ e>ly 9 ! morn+1 wa% y\r face & h&s1 r9se out ! m\? & cleanse ! body4 ,!n turn t[>d ! prov9ce ( ,yamato1 /rike ! palms ( ! h&s toge!r twice1 & wor%ip1 b[+ ! head to ! gr\nd4 ,! prop] po/ure is t ( kneel+ on ! heels1 :i* is ord9>ily assum$ 9 salut+ a sup]ior4 ,,pray]4 ,f a di/ance ,i rev]5tly wor%ip ) awe be=e ,am no ,mi-ha%ira 7,heav5-pill>7 & ,kuni no ,mi-ha%ira 7,c\ntry-pill>71 also call$ ,%9atsu-hiko no kami & ,%9atsu-him no kami1 to :om is consecrat$ ! ,palace built ) /\t pill>s at ,tatsuta no ,ta*9u 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ,hguri 9 ! prov9ce ( ,yamato4 ,i say ) awe1 deign to bless me by correct+ ! unwitt+ faults :i*1 se5 & he>d by y1 ,i h committ$1 by bl[+ (f & cle>+ away ! calamities :i* evil gods might inflict1 by caus+ me to live long l ! h>d & la/+ rock1 & by repeat+ to ! gods ( heav5ly orig9 & to ! gods ( e>?ly orig9 ! petitions :i* ,i pres5t e day1 along ) y\r brea?1 t !y may he> ) ! %>p-e>$ness ( ! =?-gallop+ colt4 ,to ! common p ! sun is actually a god1 z none c d\bt :o sees !m wor%ipp+ x morn+ & ev5+4 ,! writ] c nev] =get "o ( _m simil> sc5es 9 ,tki1 :5 late "o aft]noon aft] ,o ,t5t ,sama 7! sun-,"l ( ,heav571 :i* _h be5 hidd5 beh9d cl\ds = a =tnight1 %one out on ! muddy /reets4 ,9 a mom5t1 z ) ! promptness ( a milit>y drill1 scores ( p ru%$ out ( _! h\ses & ) faces we/w>d1 kneel+1 squatt+1 began pray] & wor%ip be=e ! great lum9>y4 ,besides all ! gods1 supreme1 subord9ate & local1 !re is 9 ne>ly e h\se ! ,kami-dana or god-%elf4 ,?is is usually ov] ! door inside4 ,x conta9s images ) little pap]-cov]$ wood5 tablets hav+ ! god's "n on !m4 ,(f]+s are made by day & a little lamp is light$ at night4 ,! foll[+ is "o ( sev]al pray]s :i* are address$ to ?is kami-dana4 ,rev]5tly ador+ ! great god ( ! two palaces ( ,is1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! eight hundr$ myriads ( cele/ial gods1 ! eight hundr$ myriads ( t]re/rial gods1 all ! fifte5 hundr$ myriads ( gods to :om are consecrat$ ! great & small temples 9 all prov9ces1 all isl&s & all places ( ! ,great ,l& ( ,eight ,isl&s1 ! fifte5 hundr$s ( myriads ( gods :om !y cause to s]ve !m1 & ! gods ( bran* palaces & bran* temples1 & ,sohodo no kami1 :om ,i h invit$ to ! %r9e set up on ?is div9e %elf1 & to :om ,i (f] praises day by day1 ,i pray ) awe t !y w deign to correct ! unwitt+ faults1 :i*1 he>d & se5 by !m1 ,i h committ$1 & bless+ & favor+ me accord+ to ! p[]s :i* !y sev]ally wield1 cause me to foll[ ! div9e example1 & to p]=m good works 9 ! ,way4 ,%9t ,left 9 a ,/ate ( ,arre/$ ,developm5t4 ,?us f ! emp]or to ! humble/ believ]1 ! god-way is f\nd$ on ance/or wor%ip1 & has _h graft$ ^u its ritual sy/em nature wor%ip1 ev5 to phallicism4#bi ,9 "o s5se x is a self-made religion ( ! ,japanese4 ,its lead+ *>act]i/ics are se5 9 ! traits ( ! normal ,japanese "* ( to-day4 ,its p[] = good & evil may be trac$ 9 ! education ( ! ,japanese ?r\gh _m c5turies4 ,kn[+ ,%9t1 we to a l>ge degree "k ! ,japanese1 _! virtues & _! fail+s4 ,:at ,%9t might h become 9 its full evolution _h x be5 left alone1 we _c tell4 ,:e!r 9 ! gr[? ( ! nation & )\t ! pressure ( ,buddhism1 ,confucianism or o!r p[]ful influ5ces f outside1 ! scatt]$ & fragm5t>y my?ology might h become organiz$ into a h>moni\s sy/em1 or codes ( e?ics h be5 =mulat$1 or ! doctr9es ( a future life & ! idea ( a ,supreme ,be+ ) p]sonal attributes h be5 conceiv$ & p]fect$1 are que/ions ! discussion ( :i* may seem to be va94 ,hi/ory1 h[ev]1 gives no unc]ta9 answ] z to :at actually did take place4 ,we d b /ate :at is un*all5g$ fact1 :5 we say1 t aft] commitm5t to writ+ ( ! my?s1 poems & liturgies :i* may be call$ ! basis ( ,%9t1 !re came a great flood ( ,*9ese & ,buddhi/ic lit]ature & a trem5d\s expansion ( ,buddhi/ mission>y activity1 :i* *eck$ fur!r lit]>y gr[? ( ! kami sy/em4 ,^! prep>$ ! way = ! absorption ( ! indig5\s into ! =eign cultus "u ! =m call$ by an en?usia/ic emp]or1 ,riybu ,%9t1 or ! two-fold div9e doctr9e4 ,( ?is1 we %all speak 9 ano!r lecture4 ,suffice x "h to say t by ! s*eme ( syncretism prop\nd$ by ,kb 9 ! n9? c5tury1 ,%9t 0 practically ov]laid by ! new fai? f ,india1 & l>gely =gott5 z a di/9ct religion by ! ,japanese p4 ,z late z ,a4,d4 #ibg1 !re 7 ?ree ?\s& "o hundr$ & ?irty-two enum]at$ metropolitan & prov9cial temples1 besides _m m un5um]at$ village & hamlet %r9es ( ,%9t4 ,^! are ref]r$ to 9 ! revis$ codes ( c]emonial law set =? by imp]ial au?ority e>ly 9 ! t5? c5tury4 ,probably by ! twelf? c5tury ! pure rites ( ! god-way 7 celebrat$1 & ! unmix$ traditions ma9ta9$1 9 families & temples1 s few z to be c\nt$ on ! f+]s4 ,! anci5t language 9 :i* ! ar*aic =ms _h be5 pres]v$ 0 s ne>ly lo/ & buri$1 t out ( ! ooze ( c5turies ( oblivion1 x _h to be rescu$ by ! skill$ div]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,mabu*i1 ,motri & ! o!r revivali/s ( pure ,%9t1 l ! plung]s aft] ori5t pe>ls1 p]sev]$ until !y _h fir/ recov]$ mu* t _h be5 suppos$ irretrievably lo/4 ,^! s*ol>s deciph]$ & int]pret$ ! anci5t scriptures1 poetry1 prose1 hi/ory1 law & ritual1 & once m set =? ! anci5t fai?1 z !y believ$1 9 its purity4 ,:e!r1 h[ev]1 m5 c exactly reproduce & ?9k = !mselves ! ?\ghts ( o!rs :o h be5 dead = a mill5nium1 is an op5 "q4 ,! new sy/em is apt to be transp>5t4 ,j z x is ne>ly impossible = u to re/ore ! religi\s life1 ?\ghts & or?odoxy ( ! m5 :o liv$ be=e ! flood1 s 9 ! writ+s ( ! revivali/s ( pure ,%9t we detect ! ?\ghts ( ,dut*m51 ( ,*9ese1 & ( v mod]n ,japanese4 ,unconsci\sly1 ^? :o w\ld brea! into ! dry bones ( dead ,%9t ! brea? ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 f9d !mselves compell$ to use an oxyg5 & nitrog5 g5]ator made 9 ,holl& & m\nt$ ) ,*9ese app>atus2 )al1 lacqu]$ & decorat$ ) ! art ( to-day4 ,to *ange f metaphor to matt] ( fact1 mod]n pure ,%9t is ma9ly a mass ( speculation & philosophy1 ) a t5d5cy ( :i* ! anci5t god-way knew no?+4 ,! ,mod]n ,revivali/s ( ,kami no ,mi*i4 ,pass+ by fur!r m5tion ( ! fifte5 or m corrupt sects ( ,%9ti/s1 we "n ) honor ! native s*ol>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 :o foll[$ ! illu/ri\s example ( ,iyyas1 ! political unifi] ( ,japan4 ,!y ransack$ ! c\ntry & pur*as$ f temples1 mansions & f>mh\ses1 old manuscripts & books1 & =m+ libr>ies began anew ! /udy ( anci5t language & hi/ory4 ,ki*u 7#afdj-agja71 a ,buddhi/ prie/1 explor$ & illum9$ ! poems ( ! ,_m%u4 ,kada ,adzum>1 born 9 #affi ne> ,kito1 ! son ( a %r9e-keep] at ,in>i1 attempt$ ! ma/]y ( ! :ole ar*aic native language & lit]ature4 ,he made a gr& beg9n+4 ,he is unque/ionably ! f\nd] ( ! s*ool ( ,pure ,%9t4 ,he di$ 9 #agcf4 ,8 successor & pupil 0 ,mabu*i 7#afig-agfi71 :o claim$ direct desc5t f t god :i* 9 ! =m ( a colossal cr[ _h guid$ ! fir/ *ief ( ! ,yamato tribe z he l$ 8 invad]s ?r\gh ! c\ntry to f\nd ! l9e ( ,mikados4 ,aft] ,mabu*i came ,motori 7#agcj-ahja7 a rem>kable s*ol> & critic1 :o1 ) erudition & acut5ess1 analyz$ ! anci5t lit]ature & %[$ :at 7 ,*9ese or import$ elem5ts & :at 0 ( native orig94 ,he summ>iz$ ! pr9ciples ( ! anci5t religion1 reass]t$ & illum9at$ ) amaz+ le>n+ & volum9\s comm5t>y ! ar*aic docum5ts1 exp\nd$ & def5d$ ! anci5t cosmogony1 & 9 ! usual /yle ( ,japanese polemics prea*$ anew ! doctr9es ( ,%9t4 ,) wond]ful navet & en?usiasm1 ,motori taught t ,japan 0 ! fir/ "p ( ! e>? creat$1 & t x is !re=e ,! ,l& ( ! ,gods1 ! ,c\ntry ( ! ,holy ,spirits4 ,! />s 7 creat$ f ! muck :i* fell f ! spe> ( ,izanagi z he ?ru/ x into ! w>m e>?1 :ile ! o!r c\ntries 7 =m$ by ! spontane\s consolidation ( ! foam ( ! sea4 ,morals 7 inv5t$ by ! ,*9ese because !y 7 an immoral p1 b 9 ,japan !re is no necessity = any sy/em ( morals1 z e ,japanese acts aright if he only consults 8 own he>t4 ,! duty ( a good ,japanese consi/s 9 obey+ ! ,mikado1 )\t que/ion+ :e!r 8 comm&s are "r or wrong4 ,! ,mikado is god & vic> ( all ! gods1 h5ce gov]nm5t & religion are ! same1 ! ,mikado be+ ! c5tre ( ,*ur* & ,/ate1 :i* are "o4 ,did ! =eign nations "k _! duty !y w\ld at once ha/5 to pay tribute to ! ,son ( ,heav5 9 ,kito4 ,x is ne$less "h to dwell ^u ! trem5d\s p[] ( ,%9t z a political sy/em1 especially :5 w$d$ ) ! =ces1 g5]at$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! educat$ ,japanese by mod]n ,confucianism4 ,! ,*9ese e?ical sy/em1 exp&$ into a philosophy z fasc9at+ z ! ,engli% mat]iali/ic s*ool ( to-day1 ent]$ ,japan contemporane\sly ) ! revival ( ! ,way ( ! ,gods & ( native le>n+4 ,9 full rampancy ( _! vigor1 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ^! two sy/ems began t g5]ation ( national en]gy1 :i* 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 0 consolidat$ & :i* 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ?\gh unkn[n & unsuspect$ by ,europeans or ,am]icans1 0 all ready = ph5om5al manife/ation & trem5d\s eruption1 ev5 :ile ,p]ry's fleet 0 be>+ ! olive bran* to ,japan4 ,z we all "k1 ?is consolidation ( =ces f ! inside1 on meet+1 n ) collision b ) union1 ! ext]ior =ces ( we/]n civilization1 =m$ a resultant 9 ! en]gies :i* h made ,new ,japan4 ,! ,great ,purification ( #ahgj4 ,9 #ahgj1 ) ! ,%gun ( ,y$o depos$1 ! dual sy/em aboli%$1 feudalism 9 its la/ gasp & ,%9t 9 full political p[]1 ) ! anci5t c\ncil ( ! gods 7,j9 ,gi ,kuan7 once m e/abli%$1 & purifi$ ,%9t aga9 ! religion ( /ate1 ?\s&s ( ,riybu ,%9t temples 7 at once purg$ ( all _! ,buddhi/ ornam5ts1 furniture1 ritual1 & ev]y?+ t might rem9d ! ,japanese ( =eign elem5ts4 ,!n began1 logically & actually1 ! p]secution ( ^? ,*ri/ians1 :o ?r\gh all ! c5turies ( repression & prohibition _h cont9u$ _! exi/5ce1 & kept _! fai? h[ev] mix$ & cl\d$4 ,!oretically1 anci5t belief 0 re-e/abli%$1 yet x 0 bo? physically & morally impossible to return :olly to ! baldness & au/]e simplicity ( ^? e>ly ages1 9 :i* art & lit]ature 7 unkn[n4 ,= a :ile x seem$ z ?\gh ! miracle w\ld be p]=m$1 ( turn+ back ! dial ( ! ages & ( plung+ ,japan into ! f\nta9 ( h] own y\?4 ,propag&a 0 in/itut$1 & ! attempts made to conv]t all ! ,japanese to ,%9t t5ets & practice 7 = a :ile m lively ?an edify+2 b ! s*eme 0 on ! :ole a spl5did failure1 & bitt] disappo9tm5t succe$$ ! fir/ exultation ( victory4 ,confront$ by mod]n problems ( society & gov]nm5t1 ! ,mikado's m9i/]s f\nd !mselves unable1 if inde$ will+1 to entomb politics 9 religion1 z 9 ! anci5t ages4 ,= a little :ile1 9 #ahfh1 ! ,j9 ,gi ,kuan1 or ,c\ncil ( ! ,gods ( ,heav5 & ,e>?1 held equal au?ority ) ! ,dai ,j ,kuan1 or ,great ,c\ncil ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,pretty soon ! fir/ /ep d[nw>d 0 tak51 & f a supreme c\ncil x 0 made "o ( ! t5 dep>tm5ts ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,9 less ?an a ye> foll[$ ano!r retrograde movem5t & ! dep>tm5t 0 call$ a bo>d4 ,f9ally1 9 #ahgg1 ! bo>d became a bureau4 ,n[1 x is h>d to tell :at rank ! ,%9t cultus occupies 9 ! gov]nm5t1 except z a sy/em ( gu>dian%ip ov] ! imp]ial tombs1 a mode ( (ficial etiquette1 & z "o ( ! ackn[l$g$ religions ( ! c\ntry4 ,nev]!less1 z an elem5t 9 t amalgam ( religions :i* =ms ! cre$ ( mo/ ,japanese1 ,%9t is a liv+ =ce1 & %>es ) ,buddhism ! ar5a aga9/ advanc+ ,*ri/ianity1 /ill supply+ mu* ( ! spr+ & motive to patriotism4 ,! ,%9t lectur]s ) unblu%+ plagi>ism rifl$ ! /oreh\ses ( ,*9ese e?ics4 ,!y en=c$ _! lessons f ! ,confucian classics4 ,inde$1 mo/ ( _! homiletical & illu/rative mat]ial is /ill d]iv$ directly !refrom4 ,_! ?ree ma9 (ficial !ses & comm&m5ts 73 #a4 ,?\ %alt honor ! ,gods & love ?y c\ntry4 #b4 ,?\ %alt cle>ly und]/& ! pr9ciples ( ,heav51 & ! duty ( man4 #c4 ,?\ %alt rev]e ! ,emp]or z ?y sov]eign & obey ! w ( 8 ,c\rt4 ,= ne>ly tw5ty ye>s ?is deliv]ance ( ! ,japanese ,gov]nm5t1 :i* /ill f9ds its /ronge/ support 9 ! national traditions & ! rev]5ce ( ! p = ! ?rone1 suffic$ = ! necessities ( ! case4 ,!n ! copi\s infusion ( =eign ideas1 ! dis9tegration ( ! old framework ( society1 & ! weak5+ ( ! old ties ( ob$i5ce & loyalty1 ) ! flood ( %all[ k & education :i* gave especially *ildr5 & "y p j en\gh ( =eign ideas to make !m dang]\s1 br\ght ab\t a condition ( affairs :i* al>m$ ! cons]vative & patriotic4 ,l fungus ^u a dead tree /range gr[?s _h appe>$1 among o!rs t ( a class ( viol5tly patriotic & half-educat$ "y m5 & boys1 call$ ,so%4 ,^! hot-head$ y\?s took x ^u !mselves to dictate national policy to cab9et m9i/]s1 & to recon/ruct society1 religion & politics4 ,some?+ l a mania broke out all ov] ! c\ntry :i*1 9 c]ta9 respects1 rem9ds u ( ! ,*ildr5's ,crusade1 t once afflict$ ,europe & ! *ildr5 !mselves4 ,ev5 ,*ri/ianity did n escape ! craze = recon/ruction4 ,"s ( ! "y believ]s & pupils ( ! mission>ies seem$ det]m9$ to make ,*ri/ianity all ov] s z to suit !mselves4 ,?is phase ( bra9-swell+ is n yet :olly ov]4 ,"o c\ld n tell b t some?+ l ! ,tai ,p+ rebellion1 :i* di/urb$ & deva/at$ ,*9a1 might break out4 ,^! port5t\s signs on ! social horizon call$ =?1 9 #ahib1 f ! gov]nm5t an ,imp]ial ,rescript1 :i* requir$ t ! emp]or's photograph be exhibit$ 9 e s*ool1 & salut$ by all tea*]s & s*ol>s :atev] _! religi\s t5ets & scruples might be4 ,mo/ ,*ri/ians z well z ,buddhi/s1 saw no?+ 9 ?is at :i* to scruple4 ,a few1 h[ev]1 f9d+ 9 x an (f5ce to consci5ce1 resign$ _! positions4 ,!y consid]$ ! m&ate an unw>rantable int]f]5ce ) _! rights z conf]r$ by ! con/itution ( #ahhi1 :i* 9 !ory is ! gift ( ! emp]or to 8 p4 ,! radical ,%9ti/1 to ?is day1 believes t all political rights :i* ,japanese enjoy or c enjoy are by virtue ( ! ,mikado's grace & b5evol5ce4 ,x is c]ta9 t all ,japanese1 :atev] may be _! religi\s convictions1 consid] t ! con/itution dep5ds = its safegu>ds & its validity l>gely ^u ! oa? :i* ! ,mikado swore at ! %r9e ( 8 heav5ly ance/ors1 t he w\ld himself be ob$i5t to x & pres]ve its provisions inviolate4 ,= ?is solemn c]emony a special norito or liturgy 0 compos$ & recit$4 ,summ>y ( ,%9t4 ,( ,%9t z a sy/em we h long ago giv5 our op9ion4 ,9 its high] =ms1 ,%9t is simply a cultur$ & intellectual a!ism2 9 its l[] =ms x is bl9d ob$i5ce to gov]nm5tal & prie/ly dictates4 ,%9t1 says ,mr4 ,erne/ ,sat[1 z exp\nd$ by ,motori is no?+ m ?an an eng9e = r$uc+ ! p to a condition ( m5tal slav]y4 ,japan be+ a c\ntry ( v /rik+ natural ph5om5a1 ! v soil & air l5d !mselves to support 9 ! native m9d ?is sy/em ( wor%ip ( h]oes & ( ! =ces ( nature4 ,9 spite1 h[ev]1 ( ! cons]vative p[] ( ! ance/ral influ5ces1 ! patriotic inc5tives & ! easy morals ( ,%9t "u :i* ly+ & lic5ti\sness %elt] !mselves1 x is d\btful :e!r ) ! pressure ( ,buddhism1 & ! spread ( popul> education & ,*ri/ianity1 ,%9t c reta9 its hold ^u ! ,japanese p4 ,yet al?\gh ?is is our op9ion1 x is b fair1 & x is our duty1 to judge e religion by its ideals & n by its fail+s4 ,! ideal ( ,%9t is to make p pure & clean 9 all _! p]sonal & h\sehold arrangem5ts2 x is to help !m to live simply1 hone/ly & ) mutual good w2 x is to make ! ,japanese love _! c\ntry1 honor _! imp]ial h\se & obey _! emp]or4 ,n>r[ & local z ?is religion is1 x has _h gr& exempl>s 9 noble lives & w9n+ *>act]s4 ,s f> z ,%9t is a religion1 ,*ri/ianity meets x n z de/roy] b fulfill]1 = x too believes t cleanl9ess is n only next to godl9ess b a "p ( x4 ,jesus z p]fect man & patriot1 ,capta9 ( our salvation & ,pr9ce ( peace1 w\ld n de/roy ! ,yamato dama%ii--! _s ( unconqu]able ,japan--b r enl>ge1 broad51 & deep5 x1 mak+ x love = all humanity4 ,rev]5ce = ance/ral virtue & example1 s f> f be+ weak5$1 is /r5g!n$1 & z = devotion to k+ & rul]1 law & society1 ,*ri/ianity l5ds nobl] motives & gr&] sanctions1 :ile %[+ cle>ly1 n inde$ ! way ( ! eight million or m gods1 b ! way to ,god--! "o liv+1 only & true1 ev5 ?r\gh ,him :o said ,i am ! ,way4 ,,*apt] ,,iv - ,,! ,,*9ese ,,e?ical ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,japan ,?+s be+ inve/igat$1 k became complete2 k be+ complete1 ?\ghts 7 s9c]e2 ?\ghts be+ s9c]e1 he>ts 7 rectifi$2 he>ts be+ rectifi$1 p]sons 7 cultivat$2 p]sons be+ cultivat$1 families 7 regulat$2 families be+ regulat$1 /ates 7 rightly gov]n$2 /ates be+ rightly gov]n$1 ! :ole nation 0 made tranquil & happy4 ,:5 y "k a ?+ to hold t y "k x2 & :5 y d n "k a ?+ to all[ t y d n "k x2 ?is is k4 ,old age sometimes becomes second *ildhood2 :y %\ld n filial piety become p>5tal love8 ,! sup]ior man accords ) ! c\rse ( ! mean4 ,?\gh he may be all unkn[n1 unreg>d$ by ! _w1 he feels no regret4 ,he is only ! sage :o is able = ?is4--,say+s ( ,confucius4 ,!re is1 9 a ^w1 no br++ d[n ( ,god to m5 9 ,confucianism 9 ord] to lift !m up to ,him4 ,_! moral %ortcom+s1 :5 br\ght home to !m1 may produce a feel+ ( %ame1 b h>dly a conviction ( guilt4--,james ,legge4 ,d n to o!rs :at y w\ld n h !m d to y4--,! ,silv] ,rule4 ,all ?+s :atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s to !m4--,! ,gold5 ,rule4 ,9 respect to rev5g+ injury done to ma/] or fa!r1 x is grant$ by ! wise & virtu\s 7,confucius7 t y & ! injur] _c live toge!r "u ! canopy ( heav54--,legacy ( ,iyyas1 ,cap4 iii1 ,l[d]'s translation4 ,b ,i say unto y =give y\r enemies4--,jesus4 ,?\1 ,o ,"l1 art our fa!r1 our r$eem]1 ?y "n is f ev]la/+4--,isaiah4 ,,*apt] ,,iv - ,,! ,,*9ese ,,e?ical ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,japan ,confucius a ,hi/orical ,"*4 ,if ! greatness ( a tea*] is to be det]m9$ by ! numb] ( 8 disciples1 or to be measur$ by ! ext5t & div]sity ( 8 influ5ce1 !n ! =emo/ place among all ! tea*]s ( mank9d mu/ be aw>d$ to ,! ,ma/] ,kung 7or ,confucius1 z ! ,jesuit s*ol>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ,lat9iz$ ! "n74 ,c]ta9ly1 he ( all truly hi/oric p]sonages is to-day1 & = tw5ty-?ree c5turies has be51 honor$ by ! l>ge/ numb] ( foll[]s4 ,( ! _m sy/ems ( religion 9 ! _w1 b few are bas$ ^u ! tea*+s ( "o p]son4 ,! reput$ f\nd]s ( "s ( !m are n kn[n 9 hi/ory ) any c]ta9ty1 & ( o!rs--z 9 ! case ( ,buddhism--h become almo/ z %ad[s among a great ?rong ( imag9>y ,buddhas or o!r be+s :i* h sprung f ! fancies ( ! bra9 & become incorporat$ into ! sy/ems1 al?\gh ! orig9al tea*]s may inde$ h be5 hi/orical4 ,confucius is a cle> & di/9ct hi/oric p]son4 ,8 p>5tage1 place ( bir?1 public life1 (fices1 "w & tea*+1 are well kn[n & prop]ly au!nticat$4 ,he us$ ! p5 freely1 & n only compil$1 edit$ & transmitt$ ! writ+s ( 8 pr$ecessors1 b compos$ an hi/orical & int]pretative book4 ,he orig9at$ no?+1 h[ev]1 b on ! contr>y dis[n$ any purpose ( introduc+ new ideas1 or ( express+ ?\ghts ( 8 own n bas$ ^u or 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! tea*+ ( ! anci5ts4 ,he 0 n an orig9al ?9k]4 ,he 0 a compil]1 an editor1 a def5d] & reproclaim] ( ! anci5t religion1 & an exempl> ( ! wisdom & writ+s ( ! ,*9ese fa!rs4 ,he felt t 8 duty 0 exactly t :i* "s ,*ri/ian !ologians ( to-day consci5ti\sly feel to be !irs--to receive intact a c]ta9 deposit or sy/em &1 add+ no?+ to x1 simply to tea*1 illum9ate1 def5d1 en=ce & /rongly ma9ta9 x z ! tru?4 ,he glori$ 9 absolute fre$om f all novelty1 anticipat+ 9 ?is respect a c]ta9 illu/ri\s ,am]ican :o made x a matt] = boa/+1 t 8 s*ool _h nev] orig9at$ a new idea4#a ,:e!r or n ! ,ma/] ,kung did nev]!less1 ei!r consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 modify ! anci5t sy/em by abbreviat+ or enl>g+ x1 we _c n[ inquire4 ,confucius wan born into ! _w 9 ! ye> #eea ,b4,c41 dur+ t wond]ful c5tury ( religi\s revival :i* saw ! bir? ( ,ezra1 ,gautama1 & ,lao ,tsze1 & 9 boyhood he display$ an unusually s$ate temp]am5t :i* made him seem to be :at we w\ld n[ call an old-fa%ion$ *ild4 ,! p]iod dur+ :i* he liv$ 0 t ( feudal ,*9a4 ,f ! ago ( tw5ty-two1 :ile hold+ an (fice 9 ! /ate ( ,lu )9 ! mod]n prov9ce ( ,%an-,tung1 he ga!r$ ar\nd him "y m5 z pupils ) :om1 l ,socrates1 he conv]s$ 9 "q & answ]4 ,he made ! tea*+s ( ! anci5ts ! subjects ( 8 rese>*1 & he 0 at all times a dilig5t /ud5t ( ! primeval records4 ,^! sacr$ books are call$ ,k+1 or ,ki 9 ,japanese1 & are3 ,%u ,k+1 a collection ( hi/oric docum5ts2 ,%ih ,k+1 or ,book ( ,odes2 ,hsiao ,k+1 or ,classic ( ,filial ,piety1 & ,yi ,k+1 or ,book ( ,*anges4#b ,?is division ( ! old sacr$ canon1 resembles ! ,*ri/ian or non-,jewi% arrangem5t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t scriptures 9 ! f\r p>ts ( ,law1 ,hi/ory1 ,poetry & ,prophesy1 ?\gh 9 ! ,*9ese we h ,hi/ory1 ,poetry1 ,e?ics & ,div9ation4#c ,8 own table-talk1 conv]sations1 discussions & notes 7 compil$ by 8 pupils1 & are pres]v$ 9 ! "w entitl$ 9 ,engli%1 ,! ,confucian ,analects1 :i* is "o ( ! f\r books con/itut+ ! mo/ sacr$ portion ( ,*9ese philosophy & in/ruction4 ,he also wrote a "w nam$ ,spr+ & ,autumn1 or ,*ronicles ( 8 ,native ,/ate ( ,lu f #gbb ,b4,c41 to #dhad ,b4,c4 ,he *ang$ 8 _w1 z ! ,buddhi/s say1 9 ! ye> #dgh ,b4,c41 hav+ liv$ sev5ty-?ree ye>s4 ,primitive ,*9ese ,fai?4 ,! pre-,confucian or primitive fai? 0 mono!i/ic1 ! =efa!rs ( ! ,*9ese nation hav+ be5 believ]s 9 "o ,supreme ,spiritual ,be+4 ,!re is an almo/ univ]sal agreem5t among s*ol>s 9 translat+ ! t]m ,%ang ,ti z ,god1 & 9 read+ f ^! classics t ! =efa!rs 9 ! c]emonies at ! alt>s ( ,heav5 & e>? 444 s]v$ ,god4 ,concurr5tly ) ! wor%ip ( "o ,supreme ,god !re 0 also a belief 9 subord9ate spirits & 9 ! idea ( revelation or ! communication ( ,god ) m54 ,?is re/rict$ wor%ip ( ,god 0 accompani$ by rev]5ce = ance/ors & ! honor+ ( spirits by pray]s & sacrifices1 :i* result$1 h[ev]1 nei!r 9 deification nor poly!ism4 ,b1 z ! ,european m$ival s*oolm5 h done ) ! ,bible1 s1 aft] ! dea? ( ,confucius ! ,*9ese s*ola/ics by metaphysical reason+ & comm5t>y1 creat$ sy/ems ( int]pretation :i* greatly alt]$ ! app>5t =m & cont5ts ( 8 own & ( ! anci5t texts4 ,?us1 ! orig9al mono!ism ( ! pre-,confucian docum5ts has be5 completely obscur$ by ! lat] webs ( sophi/ry :i* h be5 wov5 ab\t ! orig9al scriptures4 ,! anci5t simplicity ( doctr9e has be5 lo/ 9 ! m\nta9s ( comm5t>y :i* 7 pil$ ^u ! primitive texts4 ,?r\gh\t ! c5turies1 ! ,confucian sy/em has be5 condition$ & greatly modifi$ by ,taoism1 ,buddhism & ! speculations ( ! ,*9ese wise m54 ,confucius1 h[ev]1 did n *ange or s]i\sly modify ! anci5t religion except t1 z is m ?an probable1 he may h laid unnecess>y emphasis ^u social & political duties1 & may n h be5 suffici5tly int]e/$ 9 ! honor to be paid to ,%ang ,ti or ,god4 ,he practically ignor$ ! ,god-w>d side ( man's duties4 ,8 tea*+s relate *iefly to duties betwe5 man & man1 to propriety & etiquette1 & to c]emony & usage4 ,he said t ,to give "o's self to ! duties due to m5 & :ile respect+ spiritual be+s to keep alo( f !m1 may be call$ wisdom4#e ,we ?9k t ,confucius cut ! tap-root ( all true progress1 & !re=e is l>gely responsible = ! arre/$ developm5t ( ,*9a4 ,he avoid$ ! p]sonal t]m1 ,god 7,ti71 & in/ead1 made use ( ! ab/ract t]m1 ,heav5 7,ti574 ,8 tea*+1 :i* is s (t5 quot$ by ,japanese g5tlem51 01 ,honor ! ,gods & keep !m f> f y4 ,8 image /&s 9 ?\s&s ( temples & 9 e s*ool1 9 ,*9a1 b he is only rev]$ & nev] deifi$4 ,*9a has = ages suff]$ f agno/icism2 = no normal ,confuciani/ c love ,god1 ?\gh he may le>n to rev]5ce him4 ,! ,emp]or p]iodically wor%ips = 8 p1 at ! great m>ble alt> to ,heav5 9 ,pek+1 ) va/ holocau/s1 & ! pray]s :i* are (f]$ may possibly am\nt to ?is3 ,our ,fa!r :o art 9 ,heav51 ,hall[$ be ?y "n4 ,b !re1 z x seems to a ,*ri/ian1 ,*9ese imp]ial wor%ip /ops4 ,! p at l>ge1 cut (f by ?is re/rict$ wor%ip f direct access to ,god1 h w&]$ away into e sort ( poly!ism & idolatry1 :ile ! religion ( ! educat$ ,*9ese is a m$ival philosophy bas$ ^u ,confucianism1 ( :i* we %all speak h]eaft]4 ,! ,confucian sy/em z a religion1 l a giant ) a *ild's head1 is exagg]at$ on its moral & c]emonial side z comp>$ ) its spiritual developm5t4 ,"s d5y t x is a religion at all1 & call x only a code4 ,h[ev]1 let u exam9e ! ,confucian e?ics :i* =m$ ! basis & norm ( all gov]nm5t 9 ! family & nation1 & are summ$ up 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,five ,relations4 ,^! are3 ,sov]eign & ,m9i/]2 ,fa!r & ,son2 ,husb& & ,wife2 ,eld] ,bro!r & ,y\ng] ,bro!r2 & ,fri5ds4 ,! relation be+ /at$1 ! correlative duty arises at once4 ,x may p]haps be truly said by ,*ri/ians t ,confucius might h made a religion ( 8 sy/em ( e?ics1 by add+ a six? & supreme relation--t betwe5 ,god & man4 ,?is he decl9$ to d1 & s left 8 p )\t any aspiration t[>d ! ,inf9ite4 ,by sett+ be=e !m only a f9ite goal he sapp$ ! pr9ciples ( progress4#f ,vicissitudes ( ,confucianism4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,confucius 7#dgh ,b4,c47 ! tea*+s ( ! great ma/] 7 neglect$1 b /ill lat] !y 7 re-en=c$ & exp\nd$ 9 ! "t 7#cgb-bhi ,b4,c47 ( ,m5g ,ko1 or ,m5cius 7z ! "n has be5 ,lat9iz$7 :o 0 likewise a native ( ! ,/ate ( ,lu4 ,at "o "t a ,*9ese ,emp]or attempt$ 9 va9 to de/roy n only ! writ+s ( ,confucius b also ! anci5t classics4 ,taoism increas$ z a p[] 9 ! religion ( ,*9a1 especially aft] ! fall ( its feudal sy/em4 ,! doctr9e ( ance/ral wor%ip z comm5d$ by ! sage _h 9 x mu* ( good1 bo? = k+s & nobles4 ,! common p1 h[ev]1 f\nd t ,taoism 0 m satisfy+4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era ,buddhism ent]$ ! ,middle ,k+dom1 &1 rapidly becom+ popul>1 suppli$ ne$s = :i* simple ,confucianism 0 n adequate4 ,x may be said t 9 ! six? c5tury--:i* conc]ns u especially--al?\gh ,confucianism cont9u$ to be highly e/eem$1 ,buddhism _h become supreme 9 ,*9a--t v5]able ,/ate :i* is ! "m ( civilization 9 all ,asia ca/ ( ! ,ganges1 & ! ,middle ,k+dom among pupil nations4 ,confucianism ov]fl[$ f ,*9a into ,korea1 :]e to ?is day x is pr$om9ant ev5 ov] ,buddhism4 ,!nce1 x 0 c>ri$ beyond sea to ! ,japanese ,ar*ipelago1 :]e = possibly fifte5 hundr$ ye>s x has %ap$ & m\ld$ ! "* ( a brave & *ivalr\s p4 ,let u n[ turn f ,*9a & trace its influ5ce & modifications 9 ! ,l& ( ! ,ris+ ,sun4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 ! six? c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian ,era1 ,confucianism 0 by no means ! fully develop$ philosophy t x is n[ & has be5 = five hundr$ ye>s4 ,9 =m] times1 ! sy/em ( ,confucius _h be5 receiv$ 9 ,*9a n only z a praisewor?y comp5dium ( c]emonial obs]vances1 b also z an inh]itance f ! anci5ts1 illum9$ by ! disc\rses ( ! great sage & illu/rat$ by 8 life & example4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 v f> f be+ :at x is at pres5t--! religion ( ! educat$ m5 ( ! nation1 &1 by excell5ce1 ! religion ( ,*9ese ,asia4 ,b 9 ^? e>ly c5turies x did n fully satisfy ! ,*9ese m9d1 :i* turn$ to ! philosophy ( ,taoism & to ! tea*+s ( ! ,buddhi/ = intellectual food1 = com=t & = inspiration4 ,! "t :5 ,*9ese le>n+ ent]$ ,japan1 by ! way ( ,korea1 has n be5 precisely asc]ta9$4#g ,x is possible t lett]s#h & writ+s 7 kn[n 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry z e>ly z ! f\r? c5tury1 b x is ne>ly c]ta91 t1 outside ! ,c\rt ( ! ,emp]or1 !re 0 sc>cely ev5 a sporadic k ( ! lit]ature ( ,*9a until ! ,korean mission>ies ( ,buddhism _h obta9$ a lodgem5t 9 ! ,mikado's capital4 ,buddhism 0 ! real purveyor ( ! =eign le>n+ & became ! vehicle by means ( :i* ,confucianism1 or ! ,*9ese e?ical pr9ciples1 rea*$ ! common p ( ,japan4 ,! fir/ mission>ies 9 ,japan 7 he>tily 9 sympa?y ) ! ,confucian e?ics1 f :i* no ef=t 0 made to ali5ate !m4 ,!y 7 close allies1 & = a ?\s& ye>s wr\ght z "o =ce 9 ! national life4 ,!y 7 n e/rang$ until ! introduction1 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ( ! metaphysical & s*ola/ic =ms giv5 to ! anci5t sy/em by ! ,*9ese s*oolm5 ( ! ,sung dyna/y 7,a4,d4 #ifj-accc74 ,japanese ,confucianism & ,feudalism ,contempor>y4 ,! intellectual hi/ory ( ! ,japanese prior to _! rec5t contact ) ,*ri/5dom1 may be divid$ into ?ree eras3 #a4 ,! p]iod ( e>ly insul> or purely native ?\ght1 f be=e ! ,*ri/ian era until ! eigh? c5tury2 by :i* "t1 ,%9t1 or ! indig5\s sy/em ( wor%ip--its ritual1 poetry & leg5d hav+ be5 committ$ to writ+ & its life absorb$ 9 ,buddhism--_h be51 z a sy/em1 relegat$ f ! nation & ! p to a small circle ( s*ol>s & ar*ologi/s4 #b4 ,! p]iod f #hjj ,a4,d4 to ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 dur+ :i* "t ,buddhism furni%$ to ! nation its religion1 philosophy & culture4 #c4 ,f ab\t #afcj ,a4,d4 until ! pres5t "t2 dur+ :i* p]iod ! develop$ ,confucian philosophy1 z set =? by ,*u ,hi 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 has be5 ! cre$ ( a majority ( ! educat$ m5 ( ,japan4 ,! political hi/ory ( ! ,japanese may also be divid$ into ?ree eras3 #a4 ,! fir/ ext5ds f ! dawn ( hi/ory until ! sev5? c5tury4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! sy/em ( gov]nm5t 0 t ( rude feudalism4 ,! conqu]+ tribe ( ,yamato1 hav+ gradually obta9$ a r imp]fect supremacy ov] ! o!r tribes 9 ! middle & s\!rn portions ( ! c\ntry n[ call$ ! ,empire ( ,japan1 rul$ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,mikado4 #b4 ,! second p]iod beg9s 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,japanese1 copy+ ! ,*9ese model1 adopt$ a sy/em ( c5tralization4 ,! c\ntry 0 divid$ into prov9ces & 0 rul$ ?r\gh bo>ds or m9i/ries at ! capital1 ) gov]nors s5t out f ,kito = /at$ p]iods1 directly f ! emp]or4 ,dur+ ?is "t lit]ature 0 *iefly ! "w ( ! ,buddhi/ prie/s & ( ! wom5 ( ! imp]ial c\rt4 ,:ile armies 9 ! field br\ght into subjection ! outly+ tribes & c]ta9 noble families rose to prom95ce at ! c\rt1 !re 0 be+ =m$ t rem>kable class ( m5 call$ ! ,samurai1 or s]vants ( ! ,mikado1 :i* = m ?an t5 c5turies has ex]cis$ a pr(\nd influ5ce ^u ! developm5t ( ,japan4 ,9 ,*9a1 ! p5 & ! sword h be5 kept ap>t2 ! civilian & ! soldi]1 ! man ( lett]s & ! man ( arms1 h be5 di/9ct & sep>ate4 ,?is 0 also true 9 old ,loo ,*oo 7n[ ,riu ,kiu71 t "p ( ,japan mo/ l ,*9a4 ,9 ,japan1 h[ev]1 ! p5 & ! sword1 lett]s & arms1 ! civilian & ! soldi]1 h int]m+l$4 ,! unique product ( ?is union is se5 9 ! ,samurai1 or s]vant ( ! ,mikado4 ,milit>y-lit]ati1 are unkn[n 9 ,*9a1 b 9 ,japan !y c>ri$ ! sword & ! p5 9 ! same girdle4 #c4 ,?is class ( m5 _h become fully =m$ by ! end ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & !n began ! new feudal sy/em1 :i* la/$ until ! epo*al ye> #ahfh ,a4,d4--a ye> ( sev]al revolutions1 r ?an ( re/oration pure & simple4 ,aft] ne>ly sev5 hundr$ ye>s ( feudalism1 supreme magi/racy1 ) p[] va/ly increas$ beyond t possess$ 9 anci5t times1 0 re/or$ to ! emp]or4 ,!n also 0 aboli%$ ! du>*y ( ,?rone & ,camp1 ( ,mikado & ,%gun1 & ( ! two capitals ,kito & ,y$o1 ) ! f\nta9 ( honor & au?ority 9 "o & ! f\nta9 ( p[] & execution 9 ! o!r4 ,!reupon1 ,japan once m pres5t$ to ! _w1 unity4 ,practically1 !re=e1 ! p]iod ( ! preval5ce ( ! ,confucian e?ics & _! univ]sal acceptance by ! p ( ,japan ne>ly co9cides ) ! p]iod ( ,japanese feudalism or ! dom9ance ( ! milit>y classes4 ,al?\gh ! same ideograph1 or r logogram1 0 us$ to designate ! ,*9ese s*ol> & ! ,japanese w>rior z well1 yet ! =m] 0 man ( ! p5 only1 :ile ! latt] 0 man ( ! p5 & ( two swords4 ,?is hi/orical fact1 m ?an any o!r1 acc\nts = ! /rik+ diff]5ces betwe5 ,*9ese & ,japanese ,confucianism4 ,"u ?is /ate ( ?+s ! e?ical sy/em ( ! sage ( ,*9a suff]$ a *ange1 z does almo/ ev]y?+ t is import$ into ,japan & borr[$ by ! isl&]s1 b :e!r = ! bett] or = ! worse we %all n inquire too c>efully4 ,! po9t ^u :i* we n[ lay emphasis is ?is3 t1 al?\gh ! ,*9ese tea*] _h made filial piety ! basis ( 8 sy/em1 ! ,japanese gradually b surely made loyalty 7,kun-,%971 t is1 ! alli$ relations ( sov]eign & m9i/]1 ( "l & reta9]1 & ( ma/] & s]vant1 n only fir/ 9 ord] b ! *ief ( all4 ,!y also infus$ into ?is t]m ideas & associations :i* are =eign to ! ,*9ese m9d4 ,9 ! place ( filial piety 0 ,kun-%91 t new gr[? 9 ! g>d5 ( ,japanese e?ics1 out ( :i* arose ! :ite fl[] ( loyalty t blooms p]5nial 9 hi/ory4 ,9 ,japan1 ,loyalty ,displaces ,filial ,piety4 ,?is sl[ b sure adaptation ( ! exotic to its new environm5t1 took place dur+ ! c5turies previ\s to ! sev5te5? ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! complet$ product pres5t$ a gr[? s /rik+ly diff]5t f ! orig9al z to compel ! wond] ( ^? ,*9ese refugee s*ol>s1 :o1 at ,mito#i & ,y$o1 taught ! lat] dogmas :i* are or?odox b n hi/orically ,confucian4 ,h]e9 lies ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,*9ese & ,japanese e?ical philosophy4 ,9 old ,japan1 loyalty 0 above filial ob$i5ce1 & ! man :o des]t$ p>5ts1 wife & *ildr5 = ! feudal "l1 receiv$ un/9t$ praise4 ,! corn]-/one ( ! ,japanese edifice ( p]sonal righte\sness & public weal1 is loyalty4 ,on ! o!r h&1 filial piety is ! basis ( ,*9ese ord] & ! secret ( ! amaz+ national longevity1 :i* is "o ( ! moral wond]s ( ! _w1 & sure pro( ( ! fulfilm5t ( t promise :i* 0 made on ,s9ai & wrapp$ up 9 ! f\r? comm&m5t4 ,?is ma/] passion ( ! typical ,samurai ( old ,japan made him reg>d life z inf9itely less ?an no?+1 :5ev] duty dem&$ a display ( ! virtue ( loyalty4 ,! doctr9es ( ,ko%i & ,mo%i 7,confucius & ,m5cius7 =m$1 & possibly ev5 yet =m1 ! gospel & ! qu9tess5ce ( all wordly wisdom to ! ,japanese g5tleman2 !y became ! basis ( 8 education & ! ideal :i* inspir$ 8 conceptions ( duty & honor2 b1 cr[n+ all 8 doctr9es & aspirations 0 8 desire to be loyal4 ,!re might abide loyal1 m>ital1 filial1 frat]nal & v>i\s o!r relations1 b ! greate/ ( all ^! 0 loyalty4 ,h5ce ! ,japanese cal5d> ( sa9ts is n fill$ ) re=m]s1 alms-giv]s & f\nd]s ( hospitals or orphanages1 b is ov]-cr[d$ ) canoniz$ suicides & committ]s ( h>a-kiri4 ,ev5 today1 no man m quickly w9s ! popul> reg>d dur+ 8 life or m surely draws homage to 8 tomb1 secur+ ev5 apo!osis1 ?an ! suicide1 ?\gh he may h committ$ a crime4 ,9 ?is era ( ,meiji or enlight5$ peace1 mo/ appall+ is ! li/ ( assass9ations beg9n+ ) ! murd] 9 ,kito ( ,yokoi ,hi%iro1 :o 0 sla9 = recomm5d+ ! tol]ation ( ,*ri/ianity1 d[n to ! la/ cab9et m9i/] :o has be5 knif$ or dynamit$4 ,yet 9 e case ! murd]]s consid]$ !mselves consecrat$ m5 & m9i/]s ( ,heav5's righte\s v5geance4#aj ,= c5turies1 & until con/itutional times1 ! gov]nm5t ( ,japan 0 despotism temp]$ by assass9ation4 ,! old-fa%ion$ way ( mov+ a vote ( c5sure ^u ! k+'s m9i/]s 0 to take (f _! heads4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 election by ballot has be5 sub/itut$ = ?is1 & two million swords h become bric--brac4 ,a ?\s& ye>s ( tra9+ 9 ! e?ics ( ,confucius--:i* always admirably l5ds itself to ! possessors ( absolute p[]1 :e!r emp]ors1 feudal lords1 ma/]s1 fa!rs1 or old] bro!rs--h s t+$ & color$ e conception ( ! ,japanese m9d1 s dom9at$ _! av5ues ( und]/&+ & %ap$ _! modes ( ?\ght1 t to-day1 not)/&+ ! rec5t m>vell\s developm5t ( _! language1 :i* )9 ! la/ two decades has made x almo/ a new tongue1#aa x is impossible ) p]fect accuracy to translate into ,engli% ! ord9>y ,japanese t]ms :i* are congregat$ "u ! g5]al idea ( ,kun-%94 ,h]e9 may be se5 ! great b5efit ( c>efully /udy+ ! m9ds ( ^? :om we seek to conv]t4 ,! ,*ri/ian prea*] 9 ,japan :o uses our t]ms heav51 home1 "m1 fa!r1 family1 wife1 p1 love1 rev]5ce1 virtue1 *a/ity1 etc41 w f9d t 8 he>]s may inde$ receive !m1 b n at all ) ! same m5tal images & associations1 nor ) ! same proportion & dep?1 t ^! words comm& 9 we/]n ?\ght & he>+4 ,"o mu/ be exce$+ly c>eful1 n only 9 translat+ t]ms :i* h be5 us$ by ,confucius 9 ! ,*9ese texts1 b also 9 select+ & r5d]+ ! curr5t expressions ( ! ,japanese tea*]s & philosoph]s4 ,9 ord] to und]/& ea* o!r1 ,ori5tals & ,occid5tals ne$ a great deal ( mutual intellectual drill+1 )\t :i* !re w be wa/e ( money1 ( "t1 ( bra9s & ( life4 ,! ,five ,relations4 ,let u n[ glance at ! fundam5tals ( ! ,confucian e?ics--! ,five ,relations--z !y 7 taught 9 ! comp>atively simple sy/em :i* prevail$ be=e ! new or?odoxy 0 proclaim$ by ,sung s*oolm54 ,fir/4 ,al?\gh ea* ( ! ,*9ese & ,japanese emp]ors is suppos$ to be1 & is call$1 fa!r ( ! p1 yet x w\ld be entirely wrong to imag9e t ! phrase implies any su* relation1 z t ( ,william ! ,sil5t to ! ,dut*1 or ( ,wa%+ton to ! ,am]ican nation4 ,9 ord] to see h[ f> ! emp]or 0 remov$ f ! p dur+ a ?\s& ye>s1 "o ne$s b to look ^u a brilliant pa9t+ ( ! ,yamato-,tosa s*ool1 9 :i* ! ,mikado is repres5t$ z sitt+ beh9d a cl\d ( gold or a ?ick curta9 ( f9e bamboo1 ) no "o be=e ! matt+-?rone b 8 prime m9i/]s or ! empress & 8 concub9es4 ,= c5turies1 x 0 suppos$ t ! ,mikado did n t\* ! gr\nd ) 8 feet4 ,he w5t abroad 9 a curta9$ c>2 & he 0 n only z my/]i\s & invisible to ! public eye z a dragon1 b he 0 call$ su*4 ,! attributes ( t mon/] ) _m p[]s & functions1 7 appli$ to him1 ) an amaz+ weal? ( rhetoric & vocabul>y4 ,z well might ! common folks to-day presume to pray unto "o ( ! transc5d5t ,buddhas1 betwe5 :om & ! ne$y suppliant !re may be ho/s ^u ho/s ( int]lop]s or m$iators1 z = an ord9>y subject to petition ! emp]or or ev5 to gaze ^u 8 dragon c\nt5ance4 ,! *ange 9 ! con/itutional ,japan ( our day is se5 9 ! fact t ! t]m ,mikado is n[ obsolete4 ,?is description ( ! relation ( sov]eign & m9i/] 7inaccurately *>act]is$ by "s writ]s on ,confucianism z t ( ,k+ & subject1 a phrase :i* might almo/ fit ! con/itutional mon>*y ( to-day7 %[s ! relation1 z x did exi/ = ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s ( ,japanese hi/ory4 ,we f9d ! same imitation ( proc$ure1 ev5 :5 imp]ialism became only a %ad[ 9 ! gov]nm5t & ! great ,%gun :o call$ himself ,tycoon1 ! rul] 9 ,y$o1 ap+ ! maje/y ( ,kito1 became s p[]ful z to be also a dragon4 ,betwe5 ! ,y$o ,%gun & ! p rose a great /aircase ( numb]less subord9ates1 & %\ld a subject attempt to (f] a petition 9 p]son he mu/ pay = x by crucifixion4#ab ,z1 "u ! emp]or !re 7 c\rt m9i/]s1 heads ( dep>tm5ts1 gov]nors & function>ies ( all k9ds be=e ! p 7 rea*$1 s1 "u ! ,%gun 9 ! feudal days1 !re 7 ! ,daimis or great lords & ! ,%omis or small lords ) _! reta9]s 9 graduat$ subord9ation1 & bel[ ^! 7 ! s]vants & g5]al humanity4 ,ev5 aft] ! /atus ( man 0 rea*$1 !re 7 gradations & degradations ?r\gh fractions d[n to ciph]s & inde$ to m9us quantities1 = !re exi/$ 9 ! ,c\ntry ( ,brave ,w>riors "s t5s ( ?\s&s ( human be+s be>+ ! names ( eta 7p>iah7 & h-n9 7non-human71 :o 7 f> bel[ ! pale ( humanity4 ,! ,p>am\nt ,idea ( ,loyalty4 ,! "o idea :i* dom9at$ all ( ^! classes1#ac--;9 ,old ,japan !re 7 no masses b only _m classes--0 t ( loyalty4 ,z ! ,japanese language %[s1 e faculty ( man 0 subord9at$ to ?is idea4 ,confucianism ev5 condition$ ! developm5t ( ,japanese gramm>1 z x also did t ( ! ,koreans1 by multiply+ honor>y prefixes & suffixes & build+ up all sociable & polite spee* on p]p5dicul> l9es4 ,p]sonality 0 next to no?+ & individuality 0 9 a c]ta9 s5se unkn[n4 ,9 ,european languages1 ! pron\n %[s h[ cle>ly ! ideas ( p]sonality & ( individuality h be5 develop$2 b 9 ! ,japanese language !re really are no pron\ns1 9 ! s5se ( ! ^w z us$ by ! ,g]manic nations1 at lea/1 al?\gh !re are hundr$s ( imp]sonal & topographical sub/itutes = !m4#ad ,! mirror1 ( ! language itself1 reflects m tru? ^u ?is po9t ( inquiry ?an d patriotic ass]tions1 or ! prote/s ( ^? :o 9 ! days ( ?is ,meiji era s h&somely employ ! ,japanese language z ! m$ium ( ?\ght4 ,/rictly speak+1 ! ego disappe>s 9 ord9>y conv]sation & action1 & in/ead1 x is ! s]vant speak+ rev]5tly to 8 ma/]2 or x is ! ma/] condesc5d+ to ! object :i* is be=e 8 h& or to ! side or bel[ :]e 8 inf]ior kneels2 or x is ! honorable "r address+ ! e/eem$ left4 ,all ! t]ms :i* a =eign] might use 9 speak+ ( ! duties ( sov]eign & m9i/]1 ( "l & reta9] & ( ma/] & s]vant1 are compreh5d$ 9 ! ,japanese ^w1 ,kun-%91 9 :i* is cry/alliz$ b "o ?\ght1 ?\gh x may relate to ?ree grades ( society4 ,! te/imony ( hi/ory & ( ! language %[s1 t ! feel+s :i* we call loyalty & rev]5ce are always direct$ upw>d1 :ile ^? :i* we t]m b5evol5ce & love inv>iably look d[nw>d4 ,note h]e9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/ & ^? ( ! ,*9ese sage4 ,accord+ to ! latt]1 if !re be love 9 ! relation ( ! ma/] & s]vant1 x is ! ma/] :o loves1 & n ! s]vant :o may only rev]5ce4 ,x w\ld be inh>moni\s = ! ,japanese s]vant to love 8 ma/]2 he nev] ev5 talks ( x4 ,& 9 family life1 :ile ! p>5t may love ! *ild1 ! *ild is n expect$ to love ! p>5t b r to rev]5ce him4 ,s also ! ,japanese wife1 z 9 our old scriptural v]sions1 is to see t %e rev]5ce h] husb&4 ,love 7n agap1 b eros7 is inde$ a !me ( ! poets & ( t "p ( life & ( lit]ature :i* is1 /rictly speak+1 outside ( ! m>riage relation1 b ! ?\ght t dom9ates 9 m>ital life1 is rev]5ce f ! wife & b5evol5ce f ! husb&4 ,! ,*ri/ian conception1 :i* requires t a woman %\ld love h] husb&1 does n /rictly accord ) ! ,confucian idea4 ,*ri/ianity has taught u t :5 a man loves a woman purely & makes h] 8 wife1 he %\ld also h rev]5ce = h]1 & t ?is elem5t %\ld be an integral "p ( 8 love4 ,*ri/ianity also tea*es a rev]5ce = *ildr52 & ,wordswor? has b foll[$ ! _s ( 8 great ma/]1 ,*ri/1 :5 express+ ?is beautiful s5tim5t 9 8 melodi\s numb]s4 ,su* ideas z ^!1 h[ev]1 are discords 9 ,japanese social life ( ! old ord]4 ,s also ! ,*ri/ian prea*+ ( love to ,god1 s\nds outl&i% to ! m5 ( ,*9ese m9d 9 ! middle or ! pupil k+dom1 :o seem to ?9k t x c only come f ! lips ( ^? :o h n be5 prop]ly tra9$4 ,to love ,god appe>s to !m z be+ an unw>rantable patronage (1 & famili>ity ) ,heav51 or ! ,k+ ( ,k+s4 ,! same difficulty1 :i* to-day tr\bles ,*ri/ian prea*]s & translators1 exi/$ among ! ,roman ,ca?olic mission>ies ?ree c5turies ago4#ae ,! m\lds ( ?\ght 7 n !n1 nor are !y ev5 n[1 entirely ready = ! full tru? ( ,*ri/ian revelation4 ,suicide ,made ,honorable4 ,9 ! long /ory ( ! ,honorable ,c\ntry1 !re are to be f\nd _m %9+ examples ( loyalty1 :i* is ! "o !me (t5e/ illu/rat$ 9 popul> fiction & romance4 ,its well-atte/$ in/ances on ! crimson ?read ( ,japanese hi/ory are m num]\s ?an ! beads on _m ros>ies4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( all1 p]haps1 is ! episode ( ! ,=ty-,sev5 ,rn9s1 :i* is a con/ant favorite 9 ! !atres1 & has be5 s graphically n>rat$ or pictur$ by scores ( native poets1 au?ors1 arti/s1 sculptors & dramati/s1 & told 9 ,engli% by ,mit=d1 ,dick5s & ,grecy4#af ,^! =ty-sev5 m5 hat$ wife1 *ild1 society1 "n1 fame1 food & com=t = ! sake ( av5g+ ! dea? ( _! ma/]4 ,9 a c]ta9 s5se1 !y ceas$ to be p]sons 9 ord] to become ! imp]sonal in/rum5ts ( ,heav5's retribution4 ,!y gave up e ?+--h\ses1 l&s1 k9sm5--t !y might h 9 ?is life ! hundr$-fold rew>d ( v5geance1 & 9 ! _w-life ( humanity ?r\gh\t ! c5turies1 fame & honor4 ,fe$+ ! hung] ( _! he>ts ^u ! hope ( glutt+ t hung] ) ! life-blood ( _! victim1 !y wait$ long ye>s4 ,:5 once _! swords _h drunk ! consecrat$ blood1 !y laid ! sev]$ head ^u _! ma/]'s tomb & !n gladly1 ev5 raptur\sly1 deliv]$ !mselves up1 & ripp+ op5 _! b[els !y di$ by t judicially ord]$ seppuku :i* cleans$ _! memory f e /a91 & gave to !m ! m>tyr's fame & cr[n =ev]4 ,! tombs ( ^! m51 on ! hillside ov]look+ ! ,bay ( ,y$o1 are to ?is day ev] fragrant ) fre% fl[]s1 & to ! cemet]y :]e _! a%es lie & _! memorials /&1 ?\s&s ( pilgrims annually w5d _! way4 ,no dramas are m p]man5tly popul> on ! /age ?an ^? :i* display ! virtues ( ^! h]oes1 :o are commonly spok5 ( z ,! righte\s ,samurai4 ,_! tombs h /ood = two c5turies1 z mighty magnets draw+ o!rs to self-impalem5t on ! sword--z multipli]s ( suicides4 ,yet ?is alphabetic numb]1 ?is i-ro-ha ( self-murd]1 is b "o ( a ?\s& in/ances 9 ! ,l& ( ,noble ,suicides4 ,f ! pre-hi/oric days :5 ! cu/om ( ,jun-%i1 or dy+ ) ! ma/]1 requir$ ! int]m5t ( ! liv+ reta9]s ) ! dead "l1 d[n ?r\gh all ! ages to ! ,revolution ( #ahfh1 :5 at ,s5dai & ,aidzu scores ( m5 & boys op5$ _! b[els1 & mo!rs slew _! infant sons & cut _! own ?roats1 !re has be5 fl[+ ?r\gh ,japanese hi/ory a riv] ( suicides' blood#ag hav+ its spr+s 9 ! devotion ( reta9]s to ma/]s1 & ( soldi]s to a lo/ cause z repres5t$ by ! feudal sup]ior4 ,%igmori1 ! son ( ! prime m9i/] ,kiyomori1 :o protect$ ! emp]or ev5 aga9/ 8 own fa!r1 is a model ( t ,japanese kun-%9 :i* plac$ fidelity to ! sov]eign above filial ob$i5ce2 ?\gh ev5 yet ,%igmori's "n is ! synonym ( bo? virtues4 ,kusunoki ,masa%ig1#ah ! :ite fl[] ( ,japanese *ivalry1 is b "o1 typical n only ( a ?\s& b ( ?\s&s ( ?\s&s ( soldi]s1 :o hat$ p>5ts1 wife1 *ild1 fri5d 9 ord] to be disciple to ! supreme loyalty4 ,he seal$ 8 cre$ by empty+ 8 own ve9s4 ,kiyomori1#ai l ,k+ ,david ( ,israel1 on 8 dy+ b$ ord]$ ! assass9ation ( 8 p]sonal enemy4 ,! common ,japanese novels read l records ( slaught]-h\ses4 ,no ,molo* or ,%iva has won m victims to 8 %r9e ?an has ?is idea ( ,japanese loyalty :i* is s beautiful 9 !ory & s hide\s 9 practice4 ,despite ! milit>y clamps & frightful despotism ( ,y$o1 :i* = two hundr$ & fifty ye>s gave to ! _w a delusive idea ( pr(\nd quiet 9 ! ,c\ntry ( ,peaceful ,%ores1 !re 0 9 fact a *ronic unre/ :i* am\nt$ at _m times & 9 _m places to an>*y4 ,! calm ( despotism 01 inde$1 rudely brok5 by ! ali5s 9 ! black %ips ) ! fl[]y flag2 b1 )\t reg>d+ influ5ces f ! ,we/1 ! indications ( hi/ory z n[ read1 po9t$ 9 #ahej t[>d ! bloodie/ ( ,japan's _m civil w>s4 ,c\ld ! /ati/ics ( ! suicides dur+ ?is long p]iod be collect$1 _! publication w\ld excite 9 ,*ri/5dom ! utmo/ incr$ulity4 ,nev]!less1 ?is qualify+ /atem5t %\ld be made4 ,a /udy ( ! orig9 & developm5t ( ! national me?od ( self-de/ruction %[s t suicide by seppuku1 or op5+ ( ! abdom51 0 fir/ a cu/om1 & !n a privilege4 ,x took1 among m5 ( honor1 ! place ( ! public executions1 ! massacres 9 battle & siege1 decimation ( rebels & simil> means ( kill+ at ! h&s ( o!rs1 :i* s (t5 m> ! hi/orical records ( we/]n nations4 ,und\bt$ly1 !re=e1 9 ! m9ds ( mo/ ,japanese1 !re are _m in/ances ( h>a-kiri :i* %\ld n be class$ z suicide1 b te*nically z execution ( judicial s5t5ce4 ,& yet no s5t5ce or process ( dea? kn[n 9 we/]n l&s _h su* influ5ce 9 glorify+ ! victim1 z _h seppuku 9 ,japan4 ,! ,family ,idea4 ,! ,second ,relation is t ( fa!r & son1 ?us prec$+ :at we %\ld suppose to be ! fir/ ( human relations--husb& & wife--b ! arrangem5t entirely accords ) ! ,ori5tal conception t ! family1 ! h\se1 is m important ?an ! individual4 ,9 ,old ,japan ! p>am\nt idea 9 m>riage1 0 n t ( love or companion%ip1 or ( mutual assi/ance ) *ildr51 b 0 almo/ :olly t ( (fspr+1 & ( ma9ta9+ ! family l9e4#bj ,! individual might p]i% b ! h\se mu/ live on4 ,v diff]5t f ! family ( ,*ri/5dom1 is ! family 9 ,old ,japan1 9 :i* we f9d elem5ts t w\ld n be recogniz$ :]e monogamy prevails & *ildr5 are born 9 ! home & n 9 ! h]d4 ,in/ead ( fa!r1 "m & *ildr51 !re are fa!r1 wife1 concub9es1 & v>i\s sorts ( *ildr5 :o are born ( ! wife or ( ! concub9e1 or h be5 adopt$ into ! family4 ,) u1 adoption is ! exception1 b 9 ,japan x is ! inv>iable rule :5ev] ei!r conv5i5ce or necessity requires x ( ! h\se4 ,inde$ x is r>e to f9d a set ( bro!rs be>+ ! same family "n4 ,adoption & concub9age keep ! h\se unbrok54#ba ,x is ! h\se1 ! "n1 :i* mu/ cont9ue1 al?\gh n necess>ily by a blood l9e4 ,! "n1 a social trade-m>k1 lives on = ages4 ,! l9e ( ,japanese emp]ors1 :i*1 9 ! ,con/itution ( #ahhi1 by add+ my?ology to hi/ory is said to rule unbrok5 f ages et]nal1 is n "o ( fa!rs & sons1 b has be5 made cont9u\s by concub9age & adoption4 ,9 ?is view1 x is possibly z old z ! l9e ( ! popes4 ,x is v evid5t t our t]ms & usages d n h 9 su* a home ! place or mean+ :i* "o n famili> ) ! real life ( ,old ,japan w\ld suppose4 ,! fa!r is an absolute rul]4 ,!re is 9 ,old ,japan h>dly any su* ?+ z p>5ts1 = practically !re is only "o p>5t1 z ! woman c\nts = little4 ,! wife is honor$ if %e becomes a "m1 b if *ildless %e is v probably neglect$4 ,our idea ( fa!rhood implies t ! *ild has rights & t he %\ld love z well z be lov$4 ,our cu/oms excite n only ! m]rim5t b ev5 ! contempt ( ! old-s*ool ,japanese4 ,! kiss & ! embrace1 ! l9k+ ( ! *ild's arm ar\nd its fa!r's neck1 ! address on lett]s ,my de> ,wife or ,my belov$ ,"m seem to !m l c>icatures ( propriety4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is und\bt$ly true t 9 rev]5ce t[>d p>5ts--or at lea/ t[>d "o ( ! p>5ts--a ,japanese *ild is apt to excel ! "o born ev5 9 a ,*ri/ian home4 ,?is s-call$ filial piety becomes 9 practice1 h[ev]1 a horrible outrage ^u humanity & especially ^u womanhood4 ,dur+ c5turies ! despotic p[] ( ! fa!r enabl$ him to put an end to ! life ( 8 *ild1 :e!r boy or girl4 ,"u ?is abom9able despotism !re is no protection = ! daught]1 :o is b\nd to sell h] body1 :ile y\? or beauty la/ or p]haps = life1 to help pay h] fa!r's debts1 to support an ag$ p>5t or ev5 to gratify 8 m]e caprice4 ,9 hundr$s ( ,japanese romances ! daught]1 :o = ! sake ( h] p>5ts has sold h]self to %ame1 is made ! !me ( ! /ory & an object ( praise4 ,9 ! m9ds ( ! p !re may be inde$ a feel+ ( pity t ! girl has be5 oblig$ to give up h] home life = ! bro!l1 b no "o ev] ?9ks ( que/ion+ ! "r ( ! p>5t to make ! sale ( ! girl's body1 any m ?an he w\ld all[ ! daught] to rebel aga9/ x4 ,?is idea /ill l+]s & ! in/itution rema9s1#bb al?\gh ! sy/em has receiv$ /unn+ bl[s f ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ian e?ics1 ! prea*+ ( a bett] gospel & ! improvem5ts 9 ! law ( ! l&4 ,! ,m>ital ,relation4 ,! ,?ird ,relation is t ( husb& & wife4 ,! mean+ ( ^! words1 h[ev]1 is n ! same ) ! ,japanese z ) u4 ,9 ,confucius !re is n only male & female1 b also sup]ior & inf]ior1 ma/] & s]vant4#bc ,)\t any love-mak+ or c\rt%ip by ^? mo/ int]e/$1 a m>riage betwe5 two "y p is arrang$ by _! p>5ts ?r\gh ! m$ium ( :at is call$ a g-betwe54 ,! bride leaves h] fa!r's h\se =ev]--t is1 :5 %e is n to be subsequ5tly divorc$--& ent]+ into t ( h] husb& mu/ be subord9ate n only to him b also to 8 p>5ts1 & mu/ obey !m z h] own fa!r & "m4 ,hav+ all h] life "u h] fa!r's ro( rev]5c$ h] sup]iors1 %e is expect$ to br+ rev]5ce to h] new domicile1 b n love4 ,%e mu/ always obey b nev] be jeal\s4 ,%e mu/ n be angry1 no matt] :om h] husb& may introduce into 8 h\sehold4 ,%e mu/ wait ^u him at 8 meals & mu/ walk beh9d him1 b n ) him4 ,:5 %e dies h] *ildr5 g to h] fun]al1 b n h] husb&4 ,a =eign]1 he>+ ! ,japanese translate our ^w *a/ity by ! t]m tiso or misao1 may imag9e t ! latt] repres5ts mutual obligation & p]sonal purity = man & wife alike1 b on look+ into ! diction>y he w f9d t tiso means ,womanly duties4 ,a circumlocution is ne$$ to express ! idea ( a *a/e man4 ,jeal\sy is a horrible s91 b is always suppos$ to be a womani% fault1 & s an exhibition ( folly & weakness4 ,!re=e1 to apply su* a t]m to ,god--to say a jeal\s ,god--outrages ! good s5se ( a ,confuciani/1#bd almo/ z mu* z ! /atem5t t ,god _c lie did t ( ! ,pundit1 :o wond]$ h[ ,god c\ld be ,omnipot5t if ,he c\ld n lie4 ,h[ great ! ne$ 9 ,japanese social life ( "s purify+ pr9ciple high] ?an ,confucianism c af=d1 is %[n 9 ! little book entitl$ ,! ,japanese ,bride1#be writt5 by a native1 & sc>cely less 9 ! /orm ( native criticism x call$ =?4 ,"u ! sy/em :i* has rul$ ,japan = a mill5nium & a half1 divorce has be5 almo/ entirely 9 ! h&s ( ! husb&1 & ! docum5t ( sep>ation1 entitl$ 9 common p>lance ! ?ree l9es & a half1 0 inv>iably writt5 by ! man4 ,a woman might inde$ nom9ally obta9 a divorce f h] husb&1 b n actually2 = ! sev]ance ( ! m>ital tie w\ld be ! "w ( ! h\se or relatives1 r ?an ! act ( ! wife1 :o 0 n a p]son 9 ! case4 ,inde$1 9 ! old5 "t a woman 0 n a p]son 9 ! eye ( ! law1 b r a *attel4 ,! case is some:at diff]5t "u ! new codes1#bf b ! loos5ess ( ! m>riage tie is /ill a sc&al to ?9k+ ,japanese4 ,s9ce ! break+ up ( ! feudal sy/em & ! dis>rangem5t ( ! old social & moral /&>ds1 ! /ati/ics made annually f ! (ficial c5sus %[ t ! ratio ( divorce to m>riage is v ne>ly z "o to ?ree4#bg ,! ,eld] & ! ,y\ng] ,bro!r4 ,! ,f\r? ,relation is t ( ,eld] ,bro!r & ,y\ng] ,bro!r4 ,z we h said1 =eign]s 9 translat+ "s ( ! ,*9ese & ,japanese t]ms us$ 9 ! sy/em ( ,confucius are (t5 l$ into errors by suppos+ t ! ,*ri/ian conception ( family life prevails also 9 ,*9ese ,asia4 ,by _m writ]s ?is relation is translat$ bro!r to bro!r2 b really 9 ! ,japanese language !re is no t]m mean+ simply bro!r or si/]1#bh & a circumlocution is necess>y to express ! ideas :i* we convey by ^! words4 ,x is always old] bro!r or y\ng] bro!r1 & old] si/] or y\ng] si/]--! male or female kiyodai z ! case may be4 ,) u--except+ 9 l&s :]e ! law ( primog5iture /ill prevails--all ! bro!rs are practically equal1 & x w\ld be consid]$ a violation ( ,*ri/ian righte\sness = a p>5t to %[ m favor to "o *ild ?an to ano!r4 ,9 ?is respect ! wisdom t come? f above is )\t p>tiality4 ,! ,*9ese e?ical sy/em1 h[ev]1 disreg>ds ! pr9ciple ( mutual rights & duties1 & builds up ! family on ! !ory ( ! subord9ation ( ! y\ng] bro!r to ! eld] bro!r1 ! pr$om9ant idea be+ n mutual love1 b1 f> m ?an 9 ! ,*ri/ian h\sehold1 t ( rank & ord]4 ,! attitude ( ! heir ( ! family t[>d ! o!r *ildr5 is "o ( condesc5sion1 & !y1 z well z ! wid[$ "m1 reg>d ! olde/ son ) rev]5ce4 ,x is z ?\gh ! comm&m5t giv5 on ,s9ai %\ld read1 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y eld] bro!r4 ,! "m is an in/rum5t r ?an a p]son 9 ! life ( ! h\se1 & ! old] bro!r is ! "o on :om re/s ! responsibility ( cont9u+ ! family l9e4 ,! y\ng] bro!rs s]ve z subjects = adoption into o!r families1 especially ^? :]e !re are daught]s to be m>ri$ & family names to be cont9u$4 ,9 a ^w1 ! "n belongs to ! h\se & n to ! individual4 ,! habit ( nam+ *ildr5 aft] relatives or fri5ds ( ! p>5ts1 or illu/ri\s m5 & wom51 is unkn[n 9 ,old ,japan1 ?\gh an approa* to ?is common cu/om among u is made by conf]r+ or mak+ use ( "p ( a "n1 usually by ! transf]r5ce ( "o ideograph =m+ ! "n-^w4 ,su* a practice lays /ress ^u p]sonality1 & s has no place 9 ! c\ntry )\t pron\ns1 :]e ! idea ( cont9u+ ! p]sonal h\se or semi-p]sonal family1 is pr$om9ant4 ,! cu/oms preval5t 9 life are /rong ev5 9 dea?1 & ! eld] bro!r or si/]1 9 "s prov9ces1 did n g to ! fun]al ( ! y\ng]4 ,?is /ate ( affairs is reflect$ 9 ,japanese lit]ature1 & produces 9 romance z well z 9 hi/ory _m situations & episodes :i* seem almo/ incr$ible to ! ,we/]n m9d4 ,9 ! l&s rul$ by ,confucius ! gr[n-up *ildr5 usually live "u ! p>5tal ro(1 & !re are few indep5d5t homes z we und]/& !m4 ,! s-call$ family is compos$ bo? ( ! liv+ & ( ! dead1 & con/itutes ! unit ( society4 ,fri5d%ip & ,humanity4 ,! ,fif? ,relation--,fri5ds4 ,"h1 aga91 a mi/ake is (t5 made by ^? :o import ideas ( ,*ri/5dom into ! t]ms us$ 9 ,*9ese ,asia1 & :o /rive to make exact equival5t 9 ex*ang+ ! co9s ( spee*4 ,occid5tal writ]s are prone to translate ! t]m = ! fif? relation into ! ,engli% phrase man to man1 :i* leads ! ,we/]n read] to suppose t ,confucius taught t univ]sal love = man1 z man1 :i* 0 in/ill$ & exemplifi$ by ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,9 translat+ ,confucius !y (t5 make ! same mi/ake t "s h done :o read 9 ,t]5ce's ,self-,torm5tor ! l9e1 ,i am a man1 & no?+ human is =eign to me1#bi & imag9e t ?is is ! s5tim5t ( an enlight5$ ,*ri/ian1 al?\gh ! context %[s t x is only ! boa/ ( a busybody & p>asite4 ,:at ,confucius taught "u ! fif? relation is n univ]sality1 &1 z comp>$ to ! tea*+s ( ,jesus1 is moonlight1 n sunlight4 ,! doctr9e ( ! sage is cle>ly express$ 9 ! ,analects1 & am\nts only to c\rtesy & propriety4 ,he taught1 inde$1 t ! /rang] is to be treat$ z a fri5d2 & al?\gh 9 bo? ,*9ese & ,japanese hi/ory !re are illu/ri\s pro(s t ,confucius _h int]pret]s nobl] ?an himself1 yet x is probable t ! doctr9e ( ! /rang]'s receiv+ treatm5t z a fri5d1 does n ext5d to ! =eign]4 ,confucius fram$ some?+ l ! ,gold5 ,rule--?\gh x 7 bett] call$ a ,silv] ,rule1 or possibly a ,gild$ ,rule1 s9ce x is 9 ! negative in/ead ( be+ def9itely plac$ 9 ! positive & indicative =m4 ,"o may se>* 8 writ+s 9 va9 = any?+ approa*+ ! p>able ( ! ,good ,sam>itan1 or ! words ( ,him :o comm5d$ ,elijah = repl5i%+ ! cruse & b>rel ( ! wid[ ( ,s>epta1 & ,eli%a = heal+ ,naaman ! ,syrian lep]1 & ,jonah = prea*+ ! good news ( ,god to ! ,assyrians :o _h be5 ali5s & oppressors4 ,lao ,tsze1 h[ev]1 w5t s f> z to tea* return good = evil4 ,:5 "o ( ! pupils ( ,confucius int]rogat$ 8 ,ma/] conc]n+ ?is1 ! sage answ]$2 ,:at !n w y return = good8 ,recomp5se injury ) ju/ice1 & return good = good4 ,b if we d good only to ^? :o d good to u1 :at ?anks h we8 ,d n ! publicans ! same8 ,behold h[ ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r does good alike unto all1 s5d+ ra9 ^u ! j & unju/6 ,h[ ,old ,japan treat$ ! =eign] is se5 9 ! repeat$ repulse1 ) p[d] & ball1 ( ! relief %ips :i*1 "u ! fri5dly />s & /ripes1 attempt$ to br+ back to h] %ores ! %ipwreck$ natives ( ,nippon4#cj ,grant$ t ?is action may h be5 purely political & ! ,gov]nm5t alone responsible = x--j z our un-,*ri/ian anti-,*9ese legislation is simil>ly expla9$--yet x is c]ta9 t ! s5tim5t ( ! only m5 9 ,japan :o made public op9ion1--! ,samurai ( t day1--0 9 favor ( ?is me?od ( meet+ ! ali54 ,9 #aheb ! ,am]ican exp$ition 0 despat*$ to ,japan = ! purpose ( op5+ a lucrative trade & ( ext5d+ ,am]ican influ5ce & glory1 b also unque/ionably ) ! idea ( re/or+ %ipwreck$ ,japanese z well z secur+ k9d treatm5t = %ipwreck$ ,am]ican sailors1 !reby promot+ ! cause ( humanity & int]national c\rtesy2 9 %ort1 ) motives t 7 manife/ly mix$4#ca ,9 ! treaty pavilion !re ensu$ an int]e/+ discussion betwe5 ,commodore ,p]ry & ,pr(essor ,haya%i ^u ?is v subject4 ,p]ry tru?fully compla9$ t ! dictates ( humanity _h n be5 foll[$ by ! ,japanese1 t unnecess>y cruelty _h be5 us$ aga9/ %ipwreck$ m51 & t ,japan's attitude t[>d h] neighbors & ! :ole _w 0 t ( an enemy & n ( a fri5d4 ,haya%i1 :o 0 !n probably ! lead+ ,confuciani/ 9 ,japan1 w>mly def5d$ 8 c\ntrym5 & sup]iors aga9/ ! *>ge ( int5tional cruelty1 & d5\nc$ ! lawless "* ( _m ( ! =eign sailors4 ,l mo/ ,japanese ( 8 s*ool & age1 he w\nd up ) panegyrics on ! pre-em95ce 9 virtue & humanity1 above all nations1 ( ! ,c\ntry ,rul$ by a ,!ocratic ,dyna/y1 & on ! glory & goodness ( ! great ,tokugawa family1 :i* _h giv5 peace to ! l& dur+ two c5turies or m4#cb ,x is manife/1 h[ev]1 t s f> z ?is ho/ility to =eign]s1 & ?is bl9d bigotry ( patriotism 7 bas$ on ,*9ese codes ( morals1 z (ficially taught 9 ,y$o1 !y belong$ z mu* to ! old ,confucianism z to ! new4 ,:]ev] ! n>r[ philosophy ( ! sage has dom9at$1 x has made ,asia ,*9ese & nations h]mits4 ,z a rule1 ! only way 9 :i* =eign]s c\ld come peacefully into ,*9a or ! c\ntries :i* %e intellectually dom9at$ 0 z vassals1 tribute-be>]s1 or b>b>ians4 ,! m5tal attitude ( ,*9a1 ,korea1 ,annam & ,japan has = ages be5 t ( ! ,jews 9 ,h]odian times1 :o set up1 betwe5 ! ,c\rt ( ,israel & ! ,c\rt ( ! ,g5tiles1 _! grav5 /ones ( w>n+ :i* read3#cc ,no =eign] to proce$ )9 ! p>tition wall & enclosure ar\nd ! sanctu>y2 :oev] is caught 9 ! same w on t acc\nt be liable to incur dea?4 ,,*apt] ,v - ,,confucianism ,,9 ,,its ,,philosophical ,,=m ,aft] a ?\s& ye>s ! p9e decays2 ! fl[] has its glory 9 bloom+ = a day4--,hakkyoi1 ,*9ese ,poet ( ! ,tang ,dyna/y4 ,! morn+-glory ( an h\r diff]s n 9 he>t f ! p9e-tree ( a ?\s& ye>s4--,matsunaga ( ,japan4 ,! p9e's he>t is n ( a ?\s& ye>s1 nor ! morn+-glory's ( an h\r1 b only t !y may fulfil _! de/9y4 ,s9ce ,iyyas1 8 hair bru%$ by ! w9d1 8 body ano9t$ ) ra91 ) lifelong labor caus$ confusion to cease & ord] to prevail1 = m ?an a hundr$ ye>s !re has be5 no w>4 ,! waves ( ! f\r seas h be5 unruffl$ & no "o has fail$ ( ! bless+ ( peace4 ,! common folk mu/ speak ) rev]5ce1 yet x is ! duty ( s*ol>s to celebrate ! virtue ( ! ,gov]nm5t4--,kys ( ,y$o4 ,a rul] mu/ h fai?ful m9i/]s4 ,he :o sees ! error ( 8 "l & remon/rates1 n fe>+ 8 wra?1 is brav] ?an he :o be>s ! =emo/ spe> 9 battle4--,iyyas4 ,! *oice ( ! ,*9ese philosophy & ! rejection ( ,buddhism 0 n because ( any inh]5t quality 9 ! ,japanese m9d4 ,x 0 n ! rejection ( sup]naturalism or ! miracul\s4 ,! ,*9ese philosophy is z sup]naturali/ic z "s =ms ( ,buddhism4 ,! di/9ction is n betwe5 ! natural & ! sup]natural 9 ei!r sy/em1 b betwe5 ! se5 & ! unse54 ,! ,*9ese philosophy is z religi\s z ! orig9al tea*+ ( ,gautama4 ,nei!r ,%u%i nor ,gautama believ$ 9 a ,creator1 b bo? believ$ 9 gods & demons4444 ,x has little place = pray]1 b has a vivid s5se ( ! ,inf9ite & ! ,unse51 & f]v5tly believes t "r conduct is 9 accord ) ! 'et]nal v]ities4'--,george ,william ,knox4 ,9 him is ! yea4--,paul4 ,,*apt] ,v - ,,confucianism ,,9 ,,its ,,philosophical ,,=m ,japan's ,mill5nium ( ,simple ,confucianism4 ,hav+ se5 ! practical work+ ( ! e?ics ( ,confucianism1 especially 9 ! old & simple sy/em1 let u n[ glance at ! develop$ & philosophical =ms1 :i*1 by giv+ ! educat$ man ( ,japan a cre$1 made him break away f ,buddhism & despise x1 :ile becom+ (t5 fanatically ,confucian4 ,= a ?\s& ye>s 7f #fjj to #afjj ,a4,d47 ! ,buddhi/ religi\s tea*]s assi/$ 9 promulgat+ ! e?ics ( ,confucius2 = dur+ all ?is "t !re 0 h>mony betwe5 ! v>i\s ,buddhisms import$ f ,india1 ,tibet1 ,*9a & ,korea1 & ! simple undevelop$ sy/em ( ,*9ese ,confucianism4 ,slight modifications 7 made by individual tea*]s1 & emphasis 0 laid ^u ?is or t feature1 :ile out ( ! soil ( ,japanese feudalism 7 gr[?s ( c]ta9 virtues z phases ( loyalty1 ph5om5al beyond ^? 9 ,*9a4 ,nev]!less1 dur+ all ?is "t1 ! ,japanese tea*]s ( ! ,*9ese e?ic 7 z /ud5ts :o did b recite :at !y le>n$4 ,!y simply transmitt$1 )\t attempt+ to exp& or improve4 ,?\gh ! app>atus ( di/ribution 0 e>ly kn[n1 block pr9t+ hav+ be5 borr[$ f ! ,*9ese aft] ! n9? c5tury1 & movable types le>n$ f ! ,koreans & made use ( 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1#a ! ,*9ese classics 7 n pr9t$ z a body until aft] ! great peace ( ,g5na 7#afae74 ,nor dur+ ?is p]iod 7 translations made ( ! classics or comm5t>ies1 into ! ,japanese v]nacul>4 ,inde$1 betwe5 ! t5? & sixte5? c5turies !re 0 little direct int]c\rse1 comm]cial1 diplomatic or intellectual1 betwe5 ,japan & ,*9a1 z comp>$ ) ! previ\s eras1 or ! decades s9ce #ahgj4 ,sudd5ly 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! intellect ( ,japan1 all ready = new surprises 9 ! pr(\nd peace inaugurat$ by ,iyyas1 receiv$1 z x 71 an electric ?rill4 ,! great w>rior1 becom+ fir/ a unifi] by arms & /atecraft1 det]m9$ also to become ! ar*itect ( ! national culture4 ,ga!r+ up1 f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 books1 manuscripts1 & ! appliances ( intellectual discipl9e1 he enc\rag$ s*ol>s & /imulat$ education4 ,"u 8 sup]vision ! ,*9ese classics 7 pr9t$1 & 7 soon widely circulat$4 ,a college 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,y$o1 & imm$iately !re began a critical /udy ( ! texts & pr9cipal comm5t>ies4 ,! fall ( ! ,m+ dyna/y 9 ,*9a1 & ! accession ( ! ,man*iu ,t>t>s1 became ! signal = a great exodus ( le>n$ ,*9ese1 :o fl$ to ,japan4 ,^! receiv$ a w>m welcome1 bo? at ! capital & 9 ,y$o1 z well z 9 "s ( ! ca/le t[ns ( ! ,daimis1 among :om /& illu/ri\s ^? ( ! prov9ce ( ,mito4#b ,^! m5 f ! we/ br\ght n only e?ics b philosophy2 & ! f]tiliz+ influ5ces ( ^! s*ol>s ( ! ,disp]sion1 may be lik5$ to ^? ( ! exodus ( ! ,greek le>n$ m5 aft] ! capture ( ,con/ant9ople by ! ,turks4 ,confucian s*ools 7 e/abli%$ 9 mo/ ( ! *ief prov9cial cities4 ,= ov] two hundr$ ye>s ?is discipl9e 9 ! ,*9ese e?ics1 lit]ature & hi/ory con/itut$ ! education ( ! boys & m5 ( ,japan4 ,almo/ e memb] ( ! ,samurai classes 0 ?or\ghly drill$ 9 ?is curriculum4 ,all ,japanese social1 (ficial1 intellectual & lit]>y life 0 p]meat$ ) ! new _s4 ,_! _w 0 t ( ! ,*9ese1 & all outside ( x belong$ to b>b>ians4 ,! matrices ( ?\ght became s fix$ & ! ,japanese language has be5 s m\ld$1 t ev5 n[1 despite ! int5se & prolong$ ef=ts ( ?irty ye>s ( acute & labori\s s*ol>%ip1 x is impossible1 z we h said1 to f9d ,engli% equival5ts = t]ms :i* 7 us$ = a c5tury or two pa/ 9 e-day ,japanese spee*4 ,^? :o "k mo/ ab\t ^! facts1 are mo/ mode/ 9 attempt+ ) ,engli% words to d ju/ice to ,japanese ?\ght2 :ile ^? :o "k ! lea/ seem to be mo/ glib1 flu5t & volum9\s 9 %[+ to _! own satisfaction1 t !re is little diff]5ce betwe5 ! e?ics ( ,*9ese ,asia & ^? ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,survey ( ! ,intellectual ,hi/ory ( ,*9a4 ,! ,confucianism ( ! la/ qu>t]-mill5nium 9 ,japan is n t ( h] e>ly c5turies4 ,:ile ! ,japanese = a ?\s& ye>s only repeat$ & recit$--m]ely talk+ al\d 9 _! intellectual sleep b n reflect+--,*9a 0 awake & ?9k+ h>d4 ,japan's cont9u$ civil w>s1 :i* caus$ ! almo/ total de/ruction ( books & manuscripts1 secur$ also ! triumph ( ,buddhism :i* meant ! atrophy ( ! national intellect4 ,:51 aft] ! long feuds & battles ( ! middle ages1 ,confucianism /epp$ ! second "t into ! ,l& ( ,brave ,s*ol>s1 x 0 no long] ) ! simple rules ( conduct & c]emonial ( ! anci5t days1 nor 0 x z ! ally ( ,buddhism4 ,x came l an arm$ man 9 full panoply ( h>ness & weapons4 ,x ent]$ to drive ,buddhism out1 & to def5d ! intellect ( ! educat$ aga9/ ! wiles ( prie/craft4 ,x 0 a full-bl[n sy/em ( pan!i/ic rationalism1 ) a s*eme ( philosophy t to ! f>-,ori5tal m9d seem$ p]fect z a rule bo? ( fai? & practice4 ,x came 9 a =m t 0 receiv$ z religion1 = x 0 n only morality t\*$ b infus$ ) motion4 ,nor 7 ! emotions k9dl$1 ^? ( ! p>tisan only1 b r also ^? ( ! devotee & ! m>tyr4 ,h5ce=? ,buddhism1 ) its inv5tions1 its fables1 & its endless dogmatism1 0 = ! common p1 = wom5 & *ildr51 b n = ! ,samurai4 ,! new ,confucianism came to ,japan z ! sy/em ( ,*u ,hi4 ,= ?ree c5turies ?is sy/em _h already held sway ov] ! intellect ( ,*9a4 ,= two c5turies & a half x has dom9at$ ! m9ds ( ! ,samurai s t ! majority ( !m to-day1 ev5 ) ! new "n ,%izoku1 are ,confuciani/s s f> z !y are any?+4 ,to und]/& ! orig9 ( ,buddhism we mu/ "k some?+ ( ! hi/ory & ! previ\s religi\s & philosophical sy/ems ( ,india1 & s1 if we are to appreciate mod]n or?odox ,confucianism1 we mu/ review ! hi/ory ( ,*9a1 & see1 9 outl9e1 at lea/1 its lit]ature1 politics & philosophy dur+ ! middle ages4 ,f\r great /ages ( lit]>y & national developm5t may be po9t$ to z int]v5+ 79 ! fifte5 hundr$ ye>s7 betwe5 ! great sage & ! age call$ t ( ! ,sung-,ju1#c f ! t5? to ! f\rte5? c5tury1 9 :i* ! ,confucian sy/em receiv$ its mod]n =m4 ,ea* ( !m embrac$ ! c\rse ( ?ree or f\r c5turies4 ,i4 ,f ! six? to ! ?ird c5tury be=e ,*ri/ ! /ruggle 0 = ,confucian & or?odox doctr9e1 l$ by ,m5cius aga9/ v>i\s speculators 9 morals & politics1 ) ,taoi/ doctr9e cont9ually increas+ 9 acceptance4 ,,ii4 ,! ,han age 7f ,b4,c4 #bjf to ,a4,d4 #aij7 0 ri* 9 critical expositors & comm5tators ( ! classics1 b ! tone ( speculation 0 pr$om9antly ,taoi/4 ,,iii4 ,! p]iod ( ! ,six ,dyna/ies 7f ,a4,d4 #bba to ,a4,d4 #fah7 0 ! gold5 age ( ,buddhism1 :5 ! sci5ce & philosophy ( ,india enri*$ ! ,*9ese m9d1 & ! weal? ( ! c\ntry 0 lavi%$ on ,buddhi/ temples & mona/]ies4 ,! fai? ( ,%aka became ne>ly univ]sal & ! ,buddhi/s l$ 9 philosophy & lit]ature1 f\nd+ a native s*ool ( ,indian philosophy4 ,,iv4 ,! ,tang p]iod 7f ,a4,d4 #fah to #ije7 m>k$ by luxury & poetry1 0 an age ( m5tal inaction & en]vat+ prosp]ity4 ,v4 ,! fif? epo*1 beg9n+ ) ! ,sung ,dyna/y 7f ,a4,d4 #ifj to #accc7 & la/+ to our own "t1 0 u%]$ 9 by a p]iod ( int5se m5tal en]gy4 ,/range to say 7& mo/ int]e/+ is ! fact to ,am]icans ( ?is g5]ation71 ! imm$iate occasion ( ! rec5sion & expansion ( ! old ,confucianism 0 a ,populi/ movem5t4#d ,dur+ ! ,tang era ( national prosp]ity1 ,*9ese sociali/s que/ion$ ! f\ndations ( society & ( gov]nm5t1 & !re grew up a new s*ool ( int]pret]s z well z ( politicians4 ,9 ! t5? c5tury ! conte/ betwe5 ! old ,confucianism & ! new notions1 broke out ) a viol5ce t ?reat5$ an>*y to ! :ole empire4 ,"o set ( politicians1 l$ by ,wang 7#ajba-ajhf71 urg$ an ext5sion ( adm9i/rative functions1 includ+ agricultural loans1 :ile ! bro!rs ,*5g 7#ajcb-ajhe1 #ajcc-aajg7 reaffirm$1 ) fre% intellectual p[]1 ! old or?odoxy4 ,! s*ool ( writ]s & p>ty agitators1 l$ by ,szma ,kwaug 7#ajji-ajhf7e ! hi/orian1 cont5d$ t ! anci5t pr9ciples ( ! sages %\ld be put 9 =ce4 ,o!rs1 ! ,populi/s ( t age & l&1 dem&$ ! entire ov]?r[ ( exi/+ in/itutions4 ,9 ! bitt] conte/ :i* ensu$1 ! ,radicals & ,re=m]s tempor>ily won ! day & held p[]4 ,= a decade ! exp]im5t ( innovation 0 tri$4 ,m5 turn$ ?+s social & political upside d[n to see h[ !y look$ 9 t position4 ,s ^! /ood or oscillat$ = ?irte5 ye>s1 :5 ! p dem&$ ! old ord] aga94 ,! ,cons]vatives rose to p[]4 ,!re 0 no civil w>1 b ! ,radicals 7 bani%$ beyond ! fronti]1 & ! c\ntry return$ to normal gov]nm5t4 ,?is controv]sy rais$ a l&m>k 9 ! intellectual hi/ory ( ,*9a4#f ,! ?\ghts ( m5 7 turn$ t[>d deep & acute inquiry into ! nature & use ( ?+s 9 g5]al4 ,?is ?9k+ result$ 9 a lit]ature :i* to-day is ! basis ( ! op9ions ( ! educat$ m5 9 all ,*9ese ,asia4 ,in/ead ( a sapl+ we n[ h a mighty tree4 ,! *ief ( ! ,*9ese writ]s1 ! ,calv9 ( ,asiatic or?odoxy1 :o may be said to h wr\ght ,confucianism into a develop$ philosophy1 & :o may be call$ ! greate/ tea*] ( ! m9d1 ( mod]n ,*9a1 ,korea & ,japan1 is ,*u ,hi1 :o rev]5tly adopt$ ! criticisms on ! ,*9ese classics ( ! bro!rs ,*5g4#g ,x is evid5t t 9 ,*u ,hi's sy/em1 we h a body ( ?\ght :i* may be call$ ! result ( ,*9ese reflection dur+ a mill5nium & a half4 ,x is ! e?ics ( ,confucius transfus$ ) ! my/ical elem5ts ( ,taoism & ! speculations ( ,buddhism4 ,z ! common p ( ,*9a made an amalgam ( ! ?ree religions & consid] !m "o1 s ! philosoph]s h out ( ^! ?ree sy/ems made "o1 call+ t "o ,confucianism4 ,! dom9ant philosophy 9 ,japan to-day is bas$ ^u ! writ+s ( ,*u ,hi 79 ,japanese1 ,%u ,%i7 & call$ ! sy/em ( ,ti-,%u1 :i* is ! ,japanese pronunciation ( ! names ( ! ,*5g bro!rs & ( ,*u 7,hi74 ,x is a m$ley :i* ! anci5t sage c\ld no m recognize ?an w\ld ,jesus "k mu* ( ! ,*ri/ianity t ca/s out devils 9 8 "n4 ,contra/ betwe5 ! ,*9ese & ,japanese ,intellect4 ,"h we mu/ draw a contra/ betwe5 ! ,*9ese & ,japanese intellect to ! cr$it ( ! =m]2 ,*9a made1 ,japan borr[$4 ,:ile hi/ory %[s t ! ,*9ese m9d1 once at lea/1 possess$ m5tal initiative1 & ! p[] ( ?9k+ out a sy/em ( philosophy :i* to-day satisfies l>gely1 if n :olly1 ! ne$s ( ! educat$ ,*9aman1 !re has be5 9 ! ,japanese m9d1 z %[n by its hi/ory1 app>5tly no su* vigor or fruitfulness4 ,f ! lit]>y & philosophical po9ts ( view1 ,confucianism1 z x ent]$ ,japan1 9 ! six? c5tury1 rema9$ practically /ation>y = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,modifications1 inde$1 7 made ^u ! ,*9ese sy/em1 & ^! 7 /rik+ & pr(\nd1 b !y 7 less developm5ts ( ! intellect ?an necessities ( ! case4 ,! modifications 7 made1 z molt5 metal p\r$ into a m\ld %ap$ by o!r h&s ?an ! arti/'s own1 r ?an z clay made pla/ic "u ! h& ( a design]4 ,buddhism1 be+ ! dom9ant =ce 9 ! ?\ghts ( ! ,japanese = at lea/ eight hundr$ ye>s1 furni%$ ! food = ! requirem5ts ( man on 8 intellectual & religi\s side4 ,broadly speak+1 x may be said t ! ,japanese1 receiv+ passively ! ,*9ese classics1 7 cont5t simply to copy & to recite :at !y _h le>n$4 ,z comp>$ ) _! audacity 9 n only go+ beyond ! tea*+s ( ,buddha1 b 9 inv5t+ sy/ems ( ,buddhism :i* nei!r ,gautama nor 8 fir/ disciples c\ld recognize1 ! docile & almo/ slavi% adh]5ce to anci5t ,confucianism is "o ( ! a/oni%+ ?+s 9 ! hi/ory ( religions 9 ,japan4 ,9 ! field ( ,buddhism we h a luxuriant gr[? ( new & /range species ( colossal we$s t ov]t[] & seem to h *ok$ out :atev] furze ( orig9al ,buddhism !re 0 9 ,japan1 :ile 9 ! doma9 ( ,confucianism !re is a b>r5 hea?4 ,:]eas1 9 ,*9a1 ! volum9\s lit]ature creat$ by comm5tators on ,confucius & ! comm5t>ies on ! comm5tators sugge/s ! hyp]bole us$ by ! au?or ( ,john's ,gospel1#h yet !re is probably no?+ on ,confucianism f ! ,japanese p5 9 ! ?\s& ye>s "u our review :i* is wor? ! read+ or ! translation4#i ,9 ?is respect ! ,japanese g5ius %[$ its va/ capabilities ( imitation1 adoption & assimilation4 ,z ( old1 ,confucianism aga9 furni%$ a ,*9ese wall1 )9 :i* ! ,japanese c\ld move1 & :]e9 !y might f9d food = ! m9d 9 all ! relations ( life & along all ! l9es ( a*ievem5t p]mitt$ !m4 ,! philosophy import$ f ,*9a1 z %[n aga9 & aga9 9 t l& ( (t-*ang+ dyna/ies1 h>moniz+ ) arbitr>y gov]nm5t1 accord$ p]fectly ) ! despotism ( ! ,tokugawas1 ! ,tycoons :o 9 ,y$o rul$ f #afjc to #ahfh4 ,no?+ new 0 p]mitt$1 & any attempt at modification1 enl>gem5t1 or improvem5t 0 n only fr[n$ & hiss$ d[n z impi\s innovation1 b usually br\ght ^u ! d>+ innovator ! ban ( ! c5sor1 imprisonm5t1 bani%m5t1 or dea? by en=c$ suicide4#aj ,9 ,y$o1 ! c5tre ( ,*9ese le>n+1 & 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 !re 71 inde$1 ?9k]s ^: philosophy did n always tally ) :at 0 taught by ! or?odox1#aa b z a rule ev5 :5 ^! m5 escap$ ! ban ( ! c5sor1 or ! sword ( ! execution]1 !y 7 b u voices cry+ 9 ! wild]ness4 ,! great mass ( ! g5try 0 or?odox1 accord+ to ! /&>ds ( ! ,sido ,college1 :ile ! common p rema9$ fai?ful to ,buddhism4 ,9 ! conduct ( daily life !y foll[$ ! precepts :i* _h = c5turies be5 taught !m by _! fa!rs4 ,philosophical ,confucianism ! ,religion ( ! ,samurai4 ,:at 7 ! features ( ?is mod]n ,confucian philosophy1 :i* ! ,japanese ,samurai exalt$ to a religion8#ab ,we say philosophy & religion1 because :ile ! tea*+s ( ! great sage lay at ! bottom ( ! sy/em1 yet x is n true s9ce ! e>ly sev5te5? c5tury1 t ! ?9k+ m5 ( ,japan h be5 satisfi$ ) only ! orig9al simple e?ical rules ( ! anci5t ma/]4 ,?\gh !y h crav$ a ri*] m5tal pabulum1 yet !y h enjoy$ less ! /udy ( ! orig9al text1 ?an acqua9tance ) ! comm5t>ies & communion ) ! great philosophical expon5ts1 ( ! ma/]4 ,:at1 !n1 we ask1 are ! features ( ! develop$ philosophy1 :i*1 import$ f ,*9a1 s]v$ ! ,japanese ,samurai n only z morals b = su* religion z he possess$ or pr(ess$8 ,we answ]3 ,! sy/em 0 n agno/ic1 z _m mod]n & we/]n writ]s ass]t t x is1 & z ,confucius1 transmitt+ & probably modify+ ! old religion1 _h made ! body ( 8 tea*+s to be4 ,agno/ic1 inde$1 9 reg>d to _m ?+s :]e9 a ,*ri/ian has fai?1 mod]n ,confucianism1 besides be+ bitt]ly polemic & ho/ile to ,buddhism1 is pan!i/ic4 ,c]ta9 x is t dur+ ! revival ( ,pure ,%9t 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! s*ol>s ( ! ,%9t s*ool1 & ^? ( its great rival1 ! ,*9ese1 agre$ 9 mak+ loyalty#ac take ! place ( filial duty 9 ! ,confucian sy/em4 ,to s]ve ! cause ( ! ,emp]or became ! mo/ ess5tial duty to ^? ) cultivat$ m9ds4 ,! new] ,*9ese philosophy mightily influ5c$ ! hi/orians1 ,rai ,sanyo & ^? ( ! ,mito s*ool1 ^: works1 n[ classic1 really began ! revolution ( #ahfh4 ,by =m+ & sett+ 9 motion ! public op9ion1 :i* f9ally ov]?rew ! ,%gun & feudalism1 re/or$ ! ,emp]or to supreme p[]1 & unifi$ ! nation1 !y help$1 ) mod]n ideas1 to make ! ,new ,japan ( our day4 ,! ,%9t & ! ,*9ese tea*+s became amalgamat$ 9 a common cause1 & ?us ! philosophy ( ,*u ,hi1 m+l+ ) ! nationalism & patriotism inculcat$ by ,%9t1 br\ght ab\t a rem>kable result4 ,z a native s*ol> & philosoph] obs]ves1 ,x c]ta9ly is /range to see ! ,tokugawa rule mu* %ak51 if n actually ov]?r[n1 by t doctr9e :i* g5]ations ( able ,%guns & _! m9i/]s _h e>ne/ly enc\rag$ & protect$4 ,x is p]haps /ill m rem>kable to see ! ,mito clan1 "u _m able & active *iefs1 become ! c5tre ( ! ,k9no#ad movem5t1 :i* 0 to result 9 ! ov]?r[ ( ! ,tokugawa family1 ( :i* x 0 itself a bran*4 ,a ,m$ley ( ,pan!ism4 ,! philosophy ( mod]n ,confucianism is :olly pan!i/ic4 ,!re is 9 x no su* ?+ or be+ z ,god4 ,! or?odox pan!ism ( ,old ,japan means t ev]y?+ 9 g5]al is god1 b no?+ 9 p>ticul> is ,god2 t ,all is god1 b n t ,god is all4 ,x is a pan!i/ic m$ley4#ae ,*u ,hi & 8 ,japanese successors1 especially ,ky-s1 argue f9ely & disc\rse volubly ab\t ,ki#af or _s2 b x is n ,_s1 or spiritual 9 ! s5se ( ,him :o taught ev5 a woman at ! well-curb at ,sy*>4 ,x is 9 ! air4 ,x is 9 ! e>?1 ! trees1 ! fl[]s4 ,x comes to consci\sness 9 man4 ,8 ,ri is ! ,tao ( ,lao ,tsze1 ! ,way1 ,reason1 ,law4 ,x is =mless1 invisible4 ,ri is n sep>ate f ,ki1 = !n x 7 an empty ab/ract ?+4 ,x is jo9$ to ,ki1 & may be call$1 by nature1 "o decre$1 *angeless ,norm4 ,x is ! rule ( ,ki1 ! v c5tre1 ! reason :y ,ki is ,ki4 ,t5 or ,heav5 is n ,god or ! abode ( ,god1 b an ab/raction1 a sort ( ,unkn[able1 or ,primordial ,necessity4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,sages kn[s & wor%ips ,heav51 & )\t fai? 9 x !re is no tru?4 ,= m5 & ?+s1 ! univ]se1 are born & n\ri%$ by ,heav51 & ! ',way1' ! 'ri1' t is 9 all1 is ! ',way1' ! 'ri' ( ,heav54 ,di/+ui%+ root & bran*1 ! he>t is ! root ( ,heav5 & ! appe>ance1 ! revolution ( ! sun & moon1 ! ord] ( ! />s1 is ! bran*4 ,! books ( ! sages tea* u to con=m to ! he>t ( ,heav5 & deal n ) appe>ances4 ,! tea*+ ( ! sages is ! orig9al tru? &1 giv5 to m51 x =ms bo? _! nature & _! relation%ips4 ,) x complete1 naught else is ne$$ = ! p]fect foll[+ ( ! ',way4' ,let !n ! *ild make its p>5ts ,heav51 ! reta9]1 8 ,"l1 ! wife h] husb&1 & let ea* give up life = righte\sness4 ,?us w ea* s]ve = ,heav54 ,b if we exalt ,heav5 above p>5t or ,"l1 we %all come to ?9k we c s]ve x ?\gh !y be disobey$ & l tig] or wolf %all rejoice to kill !m4 ,to su* fe>ful end does ! ,we/]n le>n+ lead4444 ,let ea* "o die = duty1 !re is naught else we c d4 ,?us wrote ,oha%i ,junzo1 z late z #aheg ,a4,d41 ! same ye> 9 :i* ,t[ns5d ,h>ris ent]$ ,y$o to tea* ! practical philosophy ( ,*ri/5dom1 & ! bro!rhood ( man z express$ 9 diplomacy4 ,oha%i ,junzo bitt]ly oppos$ ! op5+ ( ,japan to mod]n civilization & ! ideas ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,8 book 0 ! swan-song ( ! dy+ ,japanese ,confucianism4 ,sl[ z is ! dy+1 & h>d z its dea? may be1 ! m9d ( new ,japan has laid away to du/ & oblivion ! ,ti-%u philosophy4 ,at pres5t !y 7! ,*9ese classics7 h fall5 into almo/ total neglect1 ?\gh phrases & allusions borr[$ f !m /ill pass curr5t 9 lit]ature1 & ev5 to "s ext5t 9 ! language ( e-day life4 ,sido1 ! great temple ( ,confucius 9 ,tokyo1 is n[ utiliz$ z an educational ,museum4#ag ,a /udy ( ?is subject & ( comp>ative religion1 is ( imm$iate practical b5efit to ! ,*ri/ian tea*]4 ,! prea*]1 address+ an audi5ce made up ( educat$ ,japanese1 :o speaks ( ,god )\t describ+ 8 p]sonality1 "*1 or attributes z illu/rat$ 9 ,revelation1 w f9d t 8 he>]s receive 8 t]m z ! expression = a bundle ( ab/ract pr9ciples1 or a sy/em ( laws1 or "s k9d ( regulat$ =ce4 ,!y d1 inde$1 make "s ref]5ce to a creator by us+ a r>e ^w4 ,occasionally1 _! language seems to t\* ! b\nd>y l9e on ! o!r side ( :i* is consci\s intellig5ce1 b no?+ approa*+ ! cle>ness & def9it5ess ( ! e>ly ,*9ese mono!ism ( ! pre-,confucian classics is to be di/+ui%$4#ah ,! mod]n ,japanese long ago he>d joyfully ! words1 ,honor ! gods1 b keep !m f> f y1 & he has done x4 ,to love ,god w\ld no m occur to a ,japanese g5tleman ?an to h 8 *ild embrace & kiss him4 ,:e!r ! s\rce & f\nta9 ( life ( :i* !y speak has any ,div9e ,_s1 is v unc]ta91 b :e!r x has1 or has n1 man ne$ n obey1 mu* less wor%ip him4 ,! univ]se is "o1 ! ess5ce is ! same4 ,man mu/ seek to "k 8 place 9 ! univ]se2 he is b "o 9 an endless *a92 let him f9d 8 "p & fulfil t "p2 all else is vanity4 ,"o ne$ n inquire into ! orig9s or ! ultimates4 ,man is mov$ by a p[] great] ?an himself2 he has no real indep5d5ce ( 8 own2 ev]y?+ has its rank & place2 inde$1 its rank & place is its sole title to a sep>ate exi/5ce4 ,if a man mi/akes 8 place he is a fool1 he des]ves puni%m5t4 ,! ,ideals ( a ,samurai4 ,out ( 8 place1 man is n man4 ,duty is m important ?an be+4 ,ne>ly ev]y?+ 9 our life is fix$ by fate2 !re may seem to be exceptions1 because "s wick$ m5 are prosp]\s & "s righte\s m5 are wret*$1 b ^! are n real exceptions to ! g5]al rule t we are made = our environm5t & fitt$ to x4 ,& !n1 aga91 x may be t our judgm5ts are n correct4 ,let ! he>t be "r & all is well4 ,let man be ob$i5t & 8 outw>d circum/ance is no?+1 hav+ no relation to 8 joy or happ9ess4 ,ev5 :5 z to 8 e>?ly body man passes away1 he is n de/roy$2 ! drop aga9 becomes "p ( ! sea1 ! sp>k re-ent]s ! flame1 & 8 life cont9ues1 ?\gh x be n a consci\s life4 ,9 ?is way man is 9 h>mony ) ! orig9al pr9ciple ( all ?+s4 ,he outla/s ! univ]se itself4 ,h5ce to a consci5ti\s ,samurai !re is no?+ 9 ?is _w bett] ?an ob$i5ce1 9 ! ideal ( a true man4 ,:at he fe>s mo/ & hates mo/ is t 8 memory may p]i%1 t he %all h no se$1 t he %all be =gott5 or die "u a cl\d & be ?\ght trea*]\s or c[>dly or base1 :5 9 reality 8 life 0 pure & 8 motives high4 ,bett]1 sang ,yo%ida ,%o91 ! dy+ m>tyr = 8 pr9ciples1 to be a cry/al & to be brok51 ?an to be a tile ^u ! h\setop & rema94 ,s1 inde$1 on a hundr$ curta9$ execution gr\nds1 ) ! dirk ( ! suicide firmly grasp$ & ab\t to %$ _! own life-blood1 h sung ! m>tyrs :o di$ will+ly = _! fai? 9 _! idea ( ,yamato ,dama%ii4#ai ,9 untold in/ances 9 ! national hi/ory1 m5 h di$ will+ly & *e]fully1 & wom5 also by ?\s&s1 z brave1 z unfl9*+ z ! m51 s t ! /ory ( ,japanese *ivalry is almo/ incr$ible 9 its awful suicides4 ,hi/ory reveals a /ate ( society 9 :i* cool det]m9ation1 desp]ate c\rage & fe>lessness ( dea? 9 ! face ( duty 7 q unique1 & :i* mu/ h _h _! base 9 "s p[]ful ?\gh abnormal code ( e?ics4 ,?is leads u to consid] aga9 ! ?+s emphasiz$ by ,japanese z di/9ct f ,*9ese & ,korean#bj ,confucianism1 & to call att5tion to its fruits1 :ile at ! same "t we note its defects1 & %[ :]e9 x fail$4 ,we %all !n %[ h[ ?is old sy/em has already wax$ old & is pass+ away4 ,*ri/ has come to ,japan1 & behold a new heav5 & a new e>?6 ,new ,japan ,makes ,revision4 ,fir/4 ,= sov]eign & m9i/]1 !re are com+ into vogue new int]pretations4 ,?is relation1 if x is to rema9 z ! fir/1 w become t ( ! rul] & ! rul$4 ,con/itutional gov]nm5t has begun2 & codes ( law h be5 fram$ :i* are recogniz+ ! rights ( ! individual & ( ! p4 ,ev5 a woman has rights be=e ! law1 9 relation to husb&1 p>5ts1 bro!rs1 si/]s & *ildr54 ,x is ev5 beg9n+ to be ?\ght t *ildr5 h rights4 ,let u hope t z ! rights are bett] und]/ood ! duties w be equally cle>4 ,x is com+ to pass 9 ,japan t ev5 9 gov]nm5t1 ! sov]eign mu/ consult ) 8 p on all que/ions p]ta9+ to _! welf>e4 ,al?\gh1 ?us f> ! con/itutional gov]nm5t makes ! m9i/]s responsible to ! ,sov]eign in/ead ( to ! ,diet1 yet ! cont5tion ( ! enlight5$ m5 & ! lib]al p>ties is1 t ! m9i/]s %all be responsible to ! ,diet4 ,! "t seems at h& :5 ! sov]eign's p[] ov] 8 p w n re/ on traditions m or less unc]ta91 on hi/ory manufactur$ by gov]nm5tal ord]1 on my?ological claims bas$ ^u ! s-call$ et]nal ages1 on pr]ogatives upheld by ! sword1 or on ! suppos$ grace ( ! gods1 b w be broad-bas$ ^u ! p's w4 ,! p[] ( ! rul]s w be d]iv$ f ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$4 ,! ,emp]or w become ! fir/ & *ief s]vant ( ! nation4 ,revision & improvem5t ( ! ,second ,relation w make filial piety some?+ m real ?an t unto :i* ,*9a has atta9$1 or ,japan has yet se51 or :i* is yet univ]sally kn[n 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,! tyranny ( ! fa!r & ( ! old] bro!r1 & ! sale ( daught]s to %ame1 w pass away2 & !re w arise 9 ! ,japanese h\se1 ! ,*ri/ian home4 ,x w\ld be h>d to say :at ,confucianism has done = woman4 ,x is probable t all civilizations1 & sy/ems ( philosophy1 e?ics & religion1 c be well te/$ by ?is crit]ion--! position ( woman4 ,confucianism virtually admits two /&>ds ( morality1 "o = man1 ano!r = woman4#ba ,9 ,*9ese ,asia adult]y is inde$ br&$ z "o ( ! vile/ ( crimes1 b 9 common idea & p>lance x is a woman's crime1 n man's4 ,s1 on ! o!r h&1 *a/ity is a female virtue1 x is "p ( womanly duty1 x has little or no relation to man p]sonally4 ,"r revision & improvem5t ( ! ,?ird ,relation w aboli% concub9age4 ,x w re=m divorce4 ,x w make love ! basis ( m>riage4 ,x w *ange ! /ate ( ?+s tru?fully pictur$ 9 su* books z ! ,g5ji ,monogat>i1 or ,romance ( ,pr9ce ,g5ji1 ) its examples ( horrible lu/ & ince/s2 ! ,kojiki or ,e?nic scripture1 ) its nave acc\nts ( fil?9ess among ! gods2 ! ,onna ,dai ,gaku1 ,woman's ,great ,/udy1 ) its amaz+ subord9ation & moral slav]y ( wife & daught]2 & ,! ,japanese ,bride1 ( ye/]day--all tru?ful pictures ( ,japanese life1 = ! epo* 9 :i* ea* 0 writt54 ,^! books w become ! =gott5 curiosities ( lit]ature1 kn[n only to ! ar*ologi/4 ,improvem5t & revision ( ! ,f\r? ,relation1 w br+ into ! ,japanese home m ju/ice1 righte\sness1 love & enjoym5t ( life4 ,x w make possible1 also1 ! *e]ful acceptance & glad practice ( ^? codes ( law common 9 ,*ri/5dom1 :i* are bas$ ^u ! rights ( ! individual & ^u ! idea ( ! greate/ good to ! greate/ numb]4 ,x w help to aboli% ! evils :i* come f primog5iture & to release ! clut* ( ! dead h& ^u ! liv+4 ,x w decrease ! p[] ( ! gravey>d1 & make ?\ght & c>e = ! liv+ ! rule ( life4 ,x w aboli% %am & fiction1 & promote ! cause ( tru?4 ,x w ha/5 ! reign ( righte\sness & love1 & b5ea? propriety & etiquette lay ! basis ( *>ity t[>d all1 malice t[>d none4 ,revision ) improvem5t ( ! ,fif? ,relation ha/5s ! reign ( univ]sal bro!rhood4 ,x lifts up ! fall51 ! d[n-trodd5 & ! outca/4 ,x says to ! slave be free1 & aft] hav+ said be free1 educates1 tra9s1 & lifts up ! bro!r once 9 s]vitude1 & helps him to =get 8 old e/ate & to "k 8 rights z well z 8 duties1 & develops 9 him ! image ( ,god4 ,x says to ! h99 or n-human1 be a man1 be a citiz51 accept ! protection ( ! law4 ,x says to ! eta1 come into humanity & society1 receive ! protection ( law1 & ! welcome ( y\r fell[s2 let memory =get ! pa/ & *>ity make a new future4 ,x w br+ ,japan into ! frat]nity ( nations1 mak+ h] p "o ) ! peoples ( ,*ri/5dom1 n ?r\gh ! empty =ms ( diplomacy1 or by ! craft ( h] envoys1 or by ! p[] ( h] armies & navies recon/ruct$ on mod]n pr9ciples1 b by pati5t education & unfl9*+ loyalty to high ideals4 ,?us w ,japan become wor?y ( all ! honors1 :i* ! highe/ humanity on ?is planet c be/[4 ,! ,ideal ( ,yamato ,dama%ii ,enl>g$4 ,9 ?is our "t x is n only ! ali5 f ,*ri/5dom1 ) 8 ho/ile eye & mordant criticism1 :o is help+ to und]m9e t sy/em ( e?ics :i* p]mitt$ ! sale ( ! daught] to %ame1 ! introduction ( ! concub9e into ! family & ! r$uction ( woman1 ev5 ?\gh wife & "m1 to ne>ly a ciph]4 ,x is n only ! =eign] :o assaults t philosophy :i* glorifi$ ! v5detta1 kept alive private w>1 made rev5ge 9 murd] ! sweete/ joy ( ! ,samurai & suicide ! gate to honor & fame1 subord9at$ ! family to ! h\se1 & suppress$ individuality & p]sonality4 ,x is ! native ,japanese1 no long] a h]mit1 a frog 9 ! well1 t kn[s n ! great ocean b a /ud5t1 an inquir]1 & a critic1 :o assaults ! old e?ical & philosophical sy/em1 & calls = a new way betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 & a new k9d ( ,heav5 9 :i* %all be a ,creator1 a ,fa!r & a ,savi\r4 ,! bra9 & p5 ( ,new ,japan1 z well z its he>t1 dem& t ! family %all be m ?an ! h\se & t ! liv+ memb]s %all h great] rights z well z duties1 ?an ! dead ance/ors4 ,!y claim t ! wife %all %>e responsibility ) ! husb&1 & t ! relation ( husb& & wife %all take prec$5ce ( t ( ! fa!r & son2 t ! "m %all possess equal au?ority ) ! fa!r2 t ! wife1 :e!r %e be "m or n1 %all n be compell$ to %>e h] home ) ! concub9e2 & t ! *ild 9 ,japan %all be born 9 ! home & n 9 ! h]d4 ,! sudd5 introduction ( ! ,*ri/ian ideas ( p]sonality & individuality has und\bt$ly wr\ght p]il to ! framework ( a society :i* is built accord+ to ! ,confucian pr9ciples2 b fai? 9 ,god1 love 9 ! home1 & absolute equality be=e ! law w br+ ab\t a reign ( righte\sness su* z ,japan has nev] kn[n1 b t[>d ! realization ( :i* ,*ri/ian nations are ev] advanc+4 ,ev5 ! old ideal ( ! ,samurai embodi$ 9 ! =mula ,yamato ,dama%ii w be enl>g$ & improv$ f its n>r[ limits & f]oci\s aspects1 :5 ! tap-root ( all progress is all[$ to /rike into deep] tru?1 & ! ,six? ,relation1 or r ! fir/ relation ( all1 is taught1 namely1 t ( ,god to ,man1 & ( ,man to ,god4 ,t ?is relation is und]/ood1 & t ! ,samurai ideal1 purifi$ & enl>g$1 is held by increas+ numb]s ( ,japan's brighte/ m5 & noble/ wom51 is %[n 9 t sup]b ,*ri/ian lit]ature :i* p\rs f ! p5s ( ! native m5 & wom5 9 ! ,japanese ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ,"u ?is flood ( tru? ! old ob/acles to a nobl] society are wa%$ away1 :ile out ( ! enri*$ soil rises ! new ,japan :i* is to be a "p ( ! bett] ,*ri/5dom t is to come4 ,*ri/ 9 ,japan1 z ev]y:]e1 means n de/ruction1 b fulfilm5t4 ,,*apt] ,,vi - ,,! ,,buddhism ,,( ,,nor!rn ,,asia ,life is a dream is :at ! pilgrim le>ns1 ,nor asks = m1 b /raightway home returns4 --,japanese m$ieval lyric drama4 ,! purpose ( ,buddha's prea*+ 0 to br+ into light ! p]man5t tru?1 to reveal ! root ( all suff]+ & ?us to lead all s5ti5t be+s into ! p]fect emancipation f all passions4--,outl9es ( ! ,mahayana4 ,buddhism w /& =? z ! embodim5t ( ! et]nal v]ity t z a man s[s he w reap1 associat$ ) ! duties ( ma/]y ov] self & k9dness to all m51 & quick5$ into a popul> religion by ! example ( a noble & beautiful life4--,dh>mapala ( ,ceylon4 ,buddhism tea*es ! "r pa? ( cause & effect1 & no?+ :i* c sup]s$e ! idea ( cause & effect w be accept$ & believ$4 ,buddha himself _c contradict ?is law :i* is ! ,buddha1 ( ,buddhas1 & no omnipot5t p[] except ?is law is believ$ to be exi/5t 9 ! univ]se4 ,buddhism does n qu>rel ) o!r religions ab\t ! tru? 444 ,buddhism is tru? common to e religion reg>dless ( ! outside g>m5t4--,hor9 ,toki1 ( ,japan4 ,dea? we c face2 b kn[+1 z "s ( u d1 :at is human life1 :i* ( u is x t )\t %udd]+ c\ld 7if we 7 summon$7 face ! h\r ( bir?8 -,de ,qu9ccy4 ,! pray] ( ,buddhism1 ,deliv] u f exi/5ce4 ,! pray] ( ! ,*ri/ian1 ,deliv] u f evil4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ,god creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>?4--,g5esis4 ,i am come t !y might h life & t !y might h x m abundantly4--,jesus4 ,,*apt] ,,vi - ,,! ,,buddhism ,,( ,,nor!rn ,,asia ,pre-,buddhi/ic ,india4 ,does ! "n ( ,gautama1 ! ,buddha1 /& = a sun-my? or = a hi/oric p]sonage8 ,"o set ( s*ol>s & writ]s1 repres5t$ by ,pr(essor ,k]n1#a ( ,leyd51 ?9ks ! ,buddha a my?ical p]sonage4 ,ano!r s*ool1 repres5t$ by ,pr(essor ,t4 ,rhys ,davids1#b decl>es t he liv$ 9 human fle% & brea!d ! air ( e>?4 ,we accept ! hi/orical view z be/ expla9+ ! facts4 ,9 ord] to und]/& a religion1 9 its orig9 at lea/1 we mu/ "k "s ( ! conditions out ( :i* x arose4 ,buddhism is "o ( ! prote/antisms ( ! _w4 ,yet1 is n e religion1 9 "o s5se1 prote/ant8 ,is x n a prote/ aga9/ some?+ to :i* x opposes a diff]5ce8 ,e new religion1 l a gr[+ plant1 ignores or rejects c]ta9 elem5ts 9 ! soil out ( :i* x spr+s4 ,x takes up & assimilates1 also1 o!r elem5ts n us$ be=e1 9 ord] to produce a fl[] or fruit diff]5t f o!r gr[?s out ( ! same soil4 ,yet :e!r ! new religion be consid]$ z a developm5t1 fulfilm5t1 or prote/1 we mu/ "k its hi/orical p]spective or backgr\nd4 ,to und]/& ! orig9 ( ,buddhism1 "o ( ! be/ prep>ations is to read ! hi/ory ( ,india & especially ( ! ?\ght ( h] _m g5]ations2 = ! l&m>ks ( ! civilizations ( ,india1 z a ,h9du may pr\dly say1 are its mighty lit]atures4 ,at ^! let u glance4#c ,! age ( ! ,v$as ext5ds f ! ye> #bjjj to #adjj ,b4,c41 & ! hi/ory ( ?is e>ly ,india is wond]fully l t ( ,am]ica4 ,dur+ ?is era1 ! ,h9dus1 "o ( ! sev5 ,aryan tribes ( :i* ! ,p]sian1 ,greek1 ,lat91 ,celtic1 ,sclav & ,teutonic =m ! o!r six1 desc5d+ f ! mid-,asian plateau1 settl$ ! ,punjab 9 ,nor?we/ ,india4 ,!y drove ! d>k-sk9n$ aborig9es be=e !m & reclaim$ =e/ & swamp to civilization1 mak+ ! l& ( ! sev5 riv]s bright ) agriculture & brilliant ) cities4 ,?is 0 ! glori\s h]oic age ( joy\s life & conque/1 :5 m5 :o believ$ 9 a ,heav5ly ,fa!r#d made ! fir/ epo* ( ,h9du hi/ory4 ,!n foll[$ ! epic age1 #adjj-ajjj ,b4,c41 :5 ! area ( civilization 0 ext5d$ /ill f>!r d[n ! ,ganges ,valley1 ! spl5dor ( weal?1 le>n+1 milit>y pr[ess & social life excell+ t ( ! ance/ral seats 9 ! ,punjab4 ,amid diff]5ces ( w>s & diplomacy ) rivalries & jeal\sies1 a common sacr$ language1 lit]ature & religion ) simil> social & religi\s in/itutions1 unit$ ! v>i\s nations toge!r4 ,9 ?is "t ! old ,v$as 7 compil$ into bodies or collections1 & ! ,brahmanas & ! ,upani%ads1 besides ! great epic poems1 ! ,mahabh>ata & ! ,ramayana 7 compos$4 ,! next1 or rationali/ic epo*1 cov]s ! p]iod f #ajjj ,b4,c4 to #cbj ,b4,c41 :5 ! ,h9du expansion _h cov]$ all ,india1 t is1 ! p59sula f ! ,himalayas to ,cape ,comor94 ,!n1 all ,india1 includ+ ,ceylon1 0 ,h9duiz$1 ?\gh 9 diff]+ degrees2 ! pure/ ,aryan civilization be+ 9 ! nor?1 ! less pure 9 ! ,ganges ,valley & s\? & ea/1 :ile ! lea/ ,aryan & m ,dravidian 0 9 ,b5gal1 ,orissa1 & ,india s\? ( ! ,ki/na ,riv]4 ,?is /ory ( ! spread ( ,h9du civilization is a brilliant "o1 & seems z wond]ful z ! lat] ,european conque/ ( ! l&1 & ( ! o!r ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific4 ,beside ! conque/s 9 mat]ial civilization ( ^! our fell[-,aryans 7:o 7 ! real ,indians1 & :o spoke ! language :i* is ! common ance/or ( our own & ( mo/ ,european tongues71 :at impresses u mo/ ( all1 9 ^! ,aryans1 is _! intellectual en]gy4 ,! ,h9dus ( ! rationali/ic age made orig9al discov]ies4 ,!y inv5t$ gramm>1 geometry1 ari?metic1 decimal notation1 & !y elaborat$ a/ronomy1 m$ic9e1 m5tal philosophy & logic 7) syllogism7 be=e ^! sci5ces 7 kn[n or p]fect$ 9 ,greece4 ,9 ! sev5? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 ,kapila taught a sy/em ( philosophy1 ( :i* t ( ! ,europeans1 ,s*op5haur & ,h>tmann1 seems l>gely a reproduction4 ,foll[+ ?is agno/ic s*eme ( ?\ght1 came1 sev]al c5turies lat]1 ! duali/ic ,yoga#e sy/em 9 :i* ! *ief feature is ! conception ( ,deity z a means ( f9al emancipation ( ! human s\l f fur!r transmigration1 & ( union ) ! ,univ]sal ,_s or ,_w ,s\l4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 p]haps no sadd] *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( human ?\ght ?an ! /ory ( ! lat] deg5]ation ( ! ,yoga sy/em into "o ( bloody & cruel rites 9 ,india1 & ( sup]/ition 9 ,*9a4 ,/ill o!r sy/ems foll[$3 "o by ,gautama1 ( ! same clan or family ( ! lat] ,buddha1 :o develops inf]5ce by ! con/ruction ( syllogism2 :ile ,kanada foll[s ! atomic philosophy 9 :i* ! atoms are et]nal1 b ! aggregates p]i%able by dis9tegration4 ,aga9/ ^! s*ools1 :i* seem$ to be dang]\s new dep>tures1 or?odox ,h9dus1 anxi\s = _! anci5t beliefs & practices z laid d[n 9 ! ,v$as1 />t$ fre% sy/ems ( philosophy1 av[$ly m 9 consonances ) _! ance/ral fai?4 ,"o sy/em insi/$ on ! primitive ,v$ic ritual1 & ano!r laid emphasis on ! belief 9 a ,univ]sal ,s\l fir/ inculcat$ 9 ! ,upani%ads4 ,conditions out ( :i* ,buddhism ,arose4 ,:atev] we may ?9k ( ^! s*ools ( philosophy1 or ! connection ) or indebt$ness ( ,gautama1 ! ,buddha1 to !m1 !y reveal to u ! conceptions :i* 8 contempor>ies _h ( ! univ]se & ! be+s inhabit+ x4 ,^! 7 hone/ human attempts to f9d ,god4 ,9 !m ! v>i\s be+s or six conditions ( s5ti5t exi/5ce are devas or gods2 m52 asuras or mon/]s2 pretas or demons2 animals2 & be+s 9 hell4 ,fur!rmore1 ^! s*ools ( ,h9du philosophy %[ u ! conditions out ( :i* ,buddhism arose1 furni% u ) its t]m9ology & te*nical phrases1 reveal to u :at ! re=m] propos$ to himself to d1 &1 :at is p]haps /ill m important1 %[ u ! types to :i* ,buddhism 9 its deg5]ation & degradation rev]t$4 ,! /range f>-(f ori5tal words :i* today s*ol>s discuss1 !osophi/s manipulate1 & *>latans employ z cat*p5nies 7 common words 9 ! e-day spee* ( ! ,h9du p1 two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,glanc+ rapidly at ! condition ( religion 9 ! era u%]+ 9 ! bir? ( ,buddha1 we note t ! old joy\sness ( life manife/$ 9 ! ,v$ic hymns is pa/1 _! f]vor & gl[ are gone4 ,9 ! morn+ ( ,h9du life !re 0 no ca/e1 no fix$ prie/hood1 & no idols2 b z weal?1 civilization1 easy & settl$ life succe$$1 ! ta/e = pomp\s sacrifices conduct$ by an h]$it>y prie/ly ca/e increas$4 ,great] importance 0 laid ^u ! detail ( ! c]emonies1 ! att5tion ( ! wor%ipp] be+ turn$ f ! deities to ! m9uti ( rites1 ! erection ( alt>s1 ! fix+ ( ! prop] a/ronomical mom5ts = light+ ! fire1 ! correct pronunciation ( pray]s1 & to ! v>i\s requisite acts accompany+ a sacrifice4#f ,9 ! *apt] ( decay :i* "t wrote & lit]ature reflects1 we f9d grotesque reasons giv5 = e m9ute rite1 dogmatic explanation ( texts1 p5ances = e brea* ( =m & rule1 & elaborate directions = e act & mom5t ( ! wor%ipp]4 ,! lit]ature %[s a degree ( cr$ulity & submission on ! "p ( ! p & ( absolute p[] on ! "p ( ! prie/s1 :i* rem9ds u ( ! ,middle ,ages 9 ,europe4 ,! old inspir+ w>s ) ! aborig9es are ov]4 ,! "t ( be>+ a noble cre$1 mean+ culture & civilization z aga9/ savag]y & idolatry1 is pa/1 & only inte/9e qu>rels & local /rife h succe$$4 ,! age ( creative lit]ature is ov]1 & comm5tators1 critics & gramm>ians h succe$$4 ,/ill m />tl+ are ! facts disclos$ by lit]>y hi/ory4 ,! liquid poetry has become froz5 prose2 ! old flam+ fuel ( g5ius is n[ slag & a%es4 ,we see ,h9dus do+ exactly :at ,jewi% rabbis1 & aft] !m ,*ri/ian s*oolm5 & dogma-mak]s1 did ) ! old ,hebrew poems & prophecies4 ,con/ru+ lit]ally ! pray]s1 songs & hopes ( an e>li] age1 !y rebuild ! lett] ( ! text into cre$s & sy/ems1 & erect an amaz+ edifice ( /eel-fram$ & /one-cas$ tradition1 to *all5ge :i* is taught to be h]esy & impiety4 ,! poetical similes us$ 9 ! ,rig ,v$as h be5 trans=m$ into my?ological tales4 ,9 ! *ange ( language ! ,v$as !mselves are unreadable1 except by ! prie/s1 :o fatt5 on popul> beliefs 9 ! transmigration ( s\ls & 9 ! p[] ( prie/craft to make t transmigration blissful--provid$ lib]al gifts are duly =?com+4 ,idolatry & wit*craft are rampant4 ,"s savi\r1 "s light 0 ne$$4 ,buddhism a ,logical ,product ( ,h9du ,?\ght4 ,at su* a "t1 probably #eeg ,b4,c41 0 born ,%aka1 ( ! ,muni clan1 at ,kapilava/u1 "o hundr$ miles nor!a/ ( ,b5>es4 ,we pass ov] ! details#g ( ! life ( him call$ ,pr9ce1 ,"l1 ,lion ( ! ,tribe ( ,%aka1 & ,savi\r2 ( 8 des]tion ( wife & *ild1 call$ ! fir/ ,great ,r5unciation2 ( 8 /ruggles to obta9 peace2 ( 8 enlight5m5t or ,buddhahood2 ( 8 second or ,great] ,r5unciation2 ( m]it on acc\nt ( au/]ities2 & give ! /ory told 9 a m\nta9 ( books 9 v>i\s tongues1 b cond5s$ 9 a p>agraph by ,rome% ,*und] ,dutt4 ,at an e>ly age1 ,pr9ce ,gautama left 8 royal home1 & 8 wife1 & new-born *ild1 & became a w&]] & a m5dicant1 to seek a way ( salvation = man4 ,h9du rites1 accompani$ by ! slaught] ( innoc5t victims1 repell$ 8 feel+s4 ,h9du philosophy af=d$ him no rem$y1 & ,h9du p5ances & mortifications prov$ unavail+ aft] he _h practis$ !m = ye>s4 ,at la/1 by sev]e contemplation1 he discov]$ ! long covet$ tru?2 a holy & calm life1 & b5evol5ce & love t[>d all liv+ creatures seem$ to him ! ess5ce ( religion4 ,self-culture & univ]sal love--?is 0 8 discov]y--?is is ! ess5ce ( ,buddhism4#h ,f "o po9t ( view ,buddhism 0 ! logical cont9uance ( ,aryan ,h9doo philosophy2 f ano!r po9t ( view x 0 a new dep>ture4 ,! lead+ idea 9 ! ,upani%ads is t ! object ( ! wise man %\ld be to "k1 inw>dly & consci\sly1 ! ,great ,s\l ( all2 & by ?is k 8 individual s\l w\ld become unit$ to ! ,supreme ,be+1 ! true & absolute self4 ,?is 0 ! highe/ po9t rea*$ 9 ! old ,indian philosophy#i be=e ,buddha 0 born4 ,s1 look+ at ,buddhism 9 ! p]spective ( ,h9du hi/ory & ?\ght1 we may say t x is d\btful :e!r ,gautama int5d$ to f\nd a new religion4 ,z1 humanly speak+1 ,saul ( ,t>sus sav$ ,*ri/ianity f be+ a ,jewi% sect & made x univ]sal1 s ,gautama extricat$ ! new en?usiasm ( humanity f ! prie/s4 ,he made ,aryan religion ! prop]ty ( all ,india4 ,:at _h be5 a r>e monopoly z n>r[ z ,judaism1 he made ! inh]itance ( all ,asia4 ,gautama 0 a prote/ant & a re=m]1 n an agno/ic or skeptic4 ,x is m probable t he meant to %ake (f ,brahmanism & to re/ore ! pure & orig9al =m ( ! ,aryan religion ( ! ,v$as1 z f> z x 0 possible to d s4 ,9 "o s5se1 ,buddhism 0 a revolt aga9/ h]$it>y & sac]dotal privilege--an attack ( ! p aga9/ prie/craft4 ,! ,buddha & 8 disciples 7 levell]s4 ,9 a diff]5t age & clime1 b along a simil> pa?1 !y did a "w analog\s to t ( ! s-call$ ,anabapti/s 9 ,europe & ,indep5d5ts 9 ,engl&1 c5turies lat]4 ,x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t ,buddhism has gr[n logically out ( anci5t ,h9duism4 ,9 its mona/ic feature--"o ( its mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ics--we see only ! conc5tration & r$uction to sy/em1 ( ! old life ( ! ascetics & religi\s m5dicants recogniz$ & respect$ by ,h9duism4 ,= c5turies ! ,buddhi/ monks & nuns 7 reg>d$ 9 ,india z only a new sect ( ascetics1 among _m o!rs :i* fl\ri%$ 9 ! l&4 ,! ,buddhi/ doctr9e ( k>ma1 or 9 ,japanese1 +wa1 ( cause & effect1 :]eby x is taught t ea* effect 9 ?is life spr+s f a cause 9 "s previ\s inc>nation1 & t ea* act 9 ?is life be>s its fruit 9 ! next1 has gr[n directly out ( ! ,h9du idea ( ! transmigration ( s\ls4 ,?is idea is fir/ inculcat$ 9 ! ,upani%ads1 & is recogniz$ 9 ,h9du sy/ems ( philosophy4 ,s also ! ,buddhi/ doctr9e ( ,nirvana1 or ! atta9m5t ( a s9less /ate ( exi/5ce1 has gr[n out ( ! idea ( f9al union ( ! individual s\l ) ! ,univ]sal ,s\l1 :i* is also inculcat$ 9 ! ,upani%ads4 ,yet1 z we %all see1 ! ,buddhi/s 71 9 ! eyes ( ! ,brahmans1 a!i/s1 because 9 ! k5 ( ^! new levell]s gods & m5 7 put on ! same plane4 ,brahmanism has nev] =giv5 ,buddhism = ignor+ ! gods1 & ! ,h9doos f9ally drove out ! foll[]s ( ,gautama f ,india4 ,x ev5tuat$ t aft] a mill5ium or s ( ,buddhism 9 ,india1 ! old gods1 ,brahma1 ,indra1 etc41 :i* at fir/ _h be5 %ut out f ! k5 ( ! p1 by ,gautama1 f\nd _! places aga9 9 ! popul> fai? ( ! ,buddhi/s1 :o believ$ t ! gods z well z m51 7 all progress+ t[>d ! bless$ ,nirvana--t s9less life & holy calm1 :i* is ! ,buddhi/'s heav5 & salvation4 ,x is c]ta9ly v curi\s1 & 9 a s5se amus+1 to f9d fl\ri%+ 9 f>-(f ,japan ! old gods ( ,india1 t "o w\ld suppose to h be5 utt]ly dead & left beh9d 9 oblivion4 ,z ackn[l$g$ devas or k+s & bodhisattvas or soon-to-be ,buddhas1 n a few once defunct ,h9du gods1 utt]ly unkn[n to e>ly ,buddhism1 h =c$ _! way into ! company ( ! elect4 ,?\gh mo/ ( !m h n ga9$ ! popul>ity ( ! indig5\s deities ( ,nippon1 !y yet attract _m wor%ipp]s4 ,!y rem9d "o t amid ! com+ ( ! sons ( ,elohim be=e ,jehovah1 ! satan came also4#aj ,f ano!r po9t ( view ,buddhism 0 a new religion2 = x swept away & out ( ! field ( its vision ! :ole ( ! ,_w or ,univ]sal ,s\l !ory4 ,x proclaim$ a salvation :i* ea* man c\ld ga9 = himself & by himself1 9 ?is _w dur+ ?is life1 )\t ! lea/ ref]5ce to ,god1 or to gods1 ei!r great or small4 ,x plac$ ! fir/ importance on k2 b x 0 no long] a k ( ,god1 x 0 a cle> p]ception ( ! real nature z !y suppos$ x to be ( m5 & ?+s4 ,9 a ^w1 ,gautama nev] rea*$ ! idea ( a p]sonal self-exi/5t ,god1 ?\gh t[>d t tru? he grop$4 ,he 0 satisfi$ too soon4#aa ,8 foll[]s 7 ev5 m easily satisfi$ ) ab/ractions4 ,:5 ,gautama saw ! p[] ov] ! human he>t ( inw>d culture & ( love to o!rs1 he obta9$ peace1 he re/$ on c]ta9ty1 he became ! ,buddha1 t is1 ! enlight5$4 ,p]haps he 0 n ! fir/ ,buddhi/4 ,x may be t ! hi/orical ,gautama1 if s he is wor?y to be call$1 m]ely made ! sect or ! new religion fam\s4 ,h>dly a religion 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w1 ,buddhism did n assume ! rle ( !ology1 b s\ght only to "k m5 & ?+s4 ,9 "o s5se ,buddhism is a!ism1 or r1 a!i/ic humanism4 ,9 "o s5se1 also1 ! solution ( ! my/]y ( ,god1 ( life1 & ( ! univ]se1 :i* ,gautama & 8 foll[]s atta9$1 0 "o ( skepticism r ?an ( fai?4 ,buddhism is1 relatively1 a v mod]n religion2 x is "o ( ! new fai?s4 ,is x p>adoxical to say t ! ,buddhi/s are religi\s a!i/s8 ,! ,buddhi/ ,mill5nium 9 ,india4 ,let u n[ look at ! life ( ! ,f\nd]4 ,day aft] day1 ! pure-s\l$ tea*] attract$ new disciples :ile he ) alms-b[l w5t ar\nd z m5dicant & tea*]4 ,salvation m]ely by self-control1 & love )\t any rites1 c]emonies1 *>ms1 prie/ly p[]s1 gods or miracles1 =m$ ! burd5 ( 8 tea*+s4 ,?\s&s ( p left _! homes1 embrac$ ! holy ord] & became monks1 ignor+ ca/e1 & rel9qui%+ all worldly goods except ! b>e necess>ies ( life1 :i* !y possess$ & enjoy$ 9 common4 ,probably ! fir/ mona/ic sy/em ( ! _w1 0 t ( ! ,indian ,buddhi/s4 ,! ,buddha prea*$ ! good news dur+ =ty-five ye>s4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 five hundr$ ( 8 foll[]s assembl$ at ,rajagriha & *ant$ toge!r ! tea*+s ( ,gautama1 to fix !m 9 memory4 ,a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 9 #cgg ,b4,c41 came ! great s*ism among ! ,buddhi/s1 out ( :i* grew ! divisions kn[n z ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,buddhism4 ,!re 0 disagreem5t on t5 po9ts4 ,a second c\ncil 0 !re=e call$1 & ! disput$ po9ts det]m9$ to ! satisfaction ( "o side4 ,!reupon ! sec$]s w5t away 9 l>ge numb]s1 & ! diff]5ces 7 nev] heal$2 on ! contr>y1 !y h wid5$ 9 ! c\rse ( ages4 ,! sep>ati/s began :at may be call$ ! ,nor!rn ,buddhisms ( ,nepal1 ,tibet1 ,*9a1 ,korea & ,japan4 ,! or?odox or ,s\!rn ,buddhi/s are ^? ( ,ceylon1 ,burma & ,siam4 ,! orig9al canon ( ,s\!rn ,buddhism is 9 ,pali2 t ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism is 9 ,sanskrit4 ,! "o is comp>atively small & simple2 ! o!r amaz+ly v>i$ & volum9\s4 ,! canon ( ,s\!rn scripture is call$ ! ,h9ayana1 ! ,little or ,small] ,vehicle2 ! canon ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism is nam$ ! ,mahayana or ,great ,vehicle4 ,possibly1 also1 besides ! ,s\!rn & ,nor!rn ,buddhisms1 ! ,buddhism ( ,japan may be treat$ by itself & nam$ ,ea/]n ,buddhism4 ,9 ! great c\ncil call$ 9 #bdb ,b4,c41 by ,k+ ,asoka1 :o may be t]m$ ! ,con/ant9e ( ,buddhism1 ! sacr$ texts 7 aga9 *ant$4 ,x 0 n until ! ye> #hh ,b4,c4 9 ,ceylon1 six hundr$ ye>s aft] ,gautama1 t ! ?ree ,pitakas1 ,boxes or ,baskets1 7 committ$ to writ+ 9 ! ,pali language4 ,9 a ^w1 ,buddhism kn[s no?+ ( sacr$ docum5ts or a canon ( scripture contempor>y ) its fir/ disciples4 ,! spl5did ,buddhi/ age ( ,india la/$ ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s1 & 0 "o ( sup]b triumphs 9 civilization4 ,x 0 an age ( spiritual emancipation1 ( fre$om f idol wor%ip1 ( nobl] humanity & ( peace4#ab ,x 0 foll[$ by ! ,puranic epo* & ! d>k ages4 ,!n ,buddhism 01 z "s say1 driv5 out f ! l& ( its bir?1 f9d+ new expansion 9 ,ea/]n & ,nor!rn ,asia1 & aga91 a /ill m surpris+ developm5t 9 ! ultima-,?ule ( ! ,asiatic cont95t1 ,japan4 ,!re is n[ no ,buddhism 9 ,india prop]1 ! fai? be+ repres5t$ only 9 ,ceylon & possibly also on ! ma9 l&1 by ! sect ( ! ,ja9s1 & p]adv5ture 9 ,p]sia by ,babism :i* conta9s elem5ts f ?ree religions4#ac ,l ,*ri/ianity1 ,buddhism 0 driv5 out ( its old home to bless o!r nations ( ! _w4 ,x is probably f> ne>] ! tru? to say t ,buddhism 0 nev] expell$ f ,india1 b r t x di$ by dis9tegration & relapse4#ad ,x _h become ,brahmanism aga94 ,! old gods & ! old idol-wor%ip came back4 ,x is 9 ,japan t ! ends ( ! e>?1 ea/]n & we/]n civilization1 & ! free/ & fulle/ or at lea/ ! late/ developm5ts ( ,*ri/ianity & ( ,buddhism1 h met4 ,9 its transf] to di/ant l&s & its developm5ts ?r\gh\t ,ea/]n ,asia1 ! fai? :i* _h orig9at$ 9 ,india suff]$ _m *anges4 ,divid+ into two great bran*es1 x became a notably diff]5t religion accord+ z x mov$ along ! s\!rn1 ! nor!rn1 or ! ea/]n *annel4 ,by ! vehicle ( ! ,pali language x 0 c>ri$ to ,ceylon1 ,siam1 ,burma1 ,cambodia & ! isl&s ( ! s\?2 t is1 to s\!rn or p59sul> & insul> ,asia4 ,"h !re is little evid5ce ( any /rik+ dep>ture f ! doctr9es ( ! ,pali ,pitakas2 &1 z ,s\!rn ,buddhism does n greatly conc]n u 9 speak+ ( ! religions ( ,japan1 we may pass x by4 ,= al?\gh ! books & writ+s belong+ to ,s\!rn ,buddhism1 & compreh5d$ "u ! =mula ( ! ,h9ayana or ,small] ,vehicle1 h be5 /udi$ 9 ,*9a1 ,korea & ,japan1 yet !y h _h comp>atively little influ5ce ^u doctr9al1 rituali/ic1 or mission>y developm5t 9 ,*9ese ,asia4 ,a/oni%+ly diff]5t has be5 ! case ) ! ,nor!rn ,buddhisms :i* are ^? ( ,nepal1 ,tibet1 ,mongolia1 ,man*uria1 ,*9a1 ,korea & ,japan4 ,z luxuriant z ! evolutions ( political & dogmatic ,*ri/ianity & z radical 9 _! dep>tures f ! primitive simplicity ( ! fai?1 h be5 ^! =ms ( ,buddhi/ doctr9e1 ritual & organization4 ,we _c n[ dwell ^u ! wond]ful details ( ! va/ & complicat$ sy/em1 diff]+ s mu* 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ,we pass by1 or only glance at1 ! philosophy ( ! ,punjaub2 ! metaphysics ( ,nepal--) its developm5ts into :at "s writ]s consid] to be a close approa* to mono!ism1 & o!rs1 inde$1 mono!ism itself2 ! sy/em ( ,lamaism 9 ,tibet1 :i* has p>allel$ s closely ! developm5t ( ! papal hi]>*y2 ! possibly two ?\s& ye>s' gr[? & decay ( ,*9ese ,buddhism2 ! v>ieties ( ! ,buddhism ( ,mongolia--almo/ swamp$ 9 ! ,%amani/ic sup]/itions ( ^! dwell]s on ! pla9s2 ! a/oni%+ success1 quick rip5+1 decay1 & almo/ utt] annihilation1 among ! le>n$ & gov]n+ classes1 ( ,korean ,buddhism2#ae & /udy 9 detail only ,ea/]n or ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,we %all 9 ?is lecture attempt b two ?+s3 ,i4 ,a summ>y ( ! process ( ?\ght by :i* ! *ief features ( ! ,nor!rn ,buddhisms came into view4 ,,ii4 ,an outl9e ( ! /ory ( ,japanese ,buddhism dur+ ! fir/ ?ree c5turies ( its exi/5ce4 ,! ,developm5t ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism ,leav+ ! e>ly ,buddha leg5ds & ! solid gr\nd ( hi/ory1 ! mak]s ( ! new] ,buddhi/ doctr9es 9 ,nepal occupi$ !mselves ) develop+ ! !ory ( ,buddhahood & ( ! ,buddhas2#af = we mu/ ev] rememb] t ,buddha#ag is n a prop] "n1 b a common adjective mean+ enlight5$1 f ! root to "k1 p]ceive1 etc4 ,!y made con/ant & m>vell\s additions to ! primitive doctr9e1 giv+ x a mom5tum :i* ga!r$ =ce z ! c5turies w5t on2 &1 z propag&a1 x mov$ aga9/ ! sun4 ,?is developm5t !ory ran along ! l9e ( p]sonification4 ,n be+ satisfi$ ) ! :eel ( ! law1 x p]sonifi$ bo? ! hub & ! spokes4 ,x began ) ! _s ( k9dness out ( :i* all human virtues rise1 & by ! p[] ( :i* ! ,buddhi/ organization w conqu] all s9 & unbelief & become victori\s ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,?is p]sonification is call$ ! ,maitreya ,buddha1 ! unconqu]able "o1 or ! future ,buddha ( b5evol5ce1 ! ,buddha :o is yet to come4 ,"h 0 a trem5d\s & revolution>y movem5t 9 ! new fai?1 ! beg9n+ ( a long process4 ,x 0 z ?\gh ! ,*ri/ians _h tak5 ! p>ticul> attributes1 ju/ice1 m]cy1 etc41 ( ,god &1 aft] p]sonify+ ea* "o1 deifi$ x1 ?us multiply+ gods4 ,:at 0 ! soil = ! new s[+1 & :at 0 ! h>ve/ to be reap$ 9 due "t8 ,) _m ?\s&s ( ,india ,buddhi/s ^: m9ds 7 already /eep$ 9 ,brahm9i/ic philosophy & my?ology1 :o 7 m giv5 to speculation & dream+ ?an to self-control & moral culture1 & :o m\rn$ = ! dead gods ( ,h9duism1 ! soil 0 already prep>$ = a gr[? :olly abnormal to true ,buddhism1 b altoge!r 9 keep+ ) ! old] ,brahm9i/ic philosophies f :i* ^! dream]s _h be5 b p>tially conv]t$ to ,buddhism4#ah ,! se$ is f\nd 9 ! doctr9e :i* already =ms "p ( ! sy/em ( ! ,little ,vehicle1 :5 x tells ( ! p]sonal ,buddhas & ! ,buddhas elect1 or future ,buddhas4 ,9 ! ,jataka /ories1 or ,bir? tales1 ! ,buddha elect is ! title giv5 to ea* ( ! be+s1 man1 angel1 or animal1 :o is held to be a ,bodhisattva1 or ! future ,buddha 9 "o ( 8 =m] bir?s4 ,! title ,bodhisattva#ai is ! "n giv5 to a be+ ^: ,k>ma w produce o!r be+s 9 a cont9ually asc5d+ scale ( goodness until x becomes ve/$ 9 a ,buddha4 ,or1 9 ! m common use ( ! ^w1 a ,bodhisattva 7,japanese bosatsu7 is a be+ ^: ess5ce has become intellig5ce1 & :o w h to pass ?r\gh human exi/5ce once m only be=e ent]+ ,nirvana4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,buddhi/ temples1 ! pure :ite image ( ,maitreya is sometimes f\nd beside ! idol repres5t+ ,gautama or ! hi/orical ,buddha4 ,:ile 9 ,s\!rn ,buddhism ! idea ( ?is possibility ( developm5t seems to h be5 little seiz$ ^u & foll[$ up1 9 ,nor!rn ,buddhism z e>ly z #djj ,a4,d4 ! wor%ip ( two ,buddhas elect nam$ ,manjusri & ,avalokitesv>a1 or p]sonifi$ ,wisdom & ,p[]1 _h already become g5]al4 ,manjusri1#bj ! ,great ,be+ or ,pr9ce ,royal1 is ! p]sonification ( wisdom1 & especially ( ! my/ic religi\s insight :i* has produc$ ! ,great ,vehicle or canon ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism2 or1 z a ,japanese au?or says1 ! ?ird collection ( ! ,tripitaka 0 t made by ,manjusri & ,maitreya4 ,avalokitesv>a1#ba ! ,"l ( ,view or ,all-sid$ ,"o1 is ! p]sonification ( p[]1 ! m]ciful protector & pres]v] ( ! _w & ( m54 ,bo? are frequ5tly & volum9\sly m5tion$ 9 ! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika1#bb 9 :i* ! good law is made pla9 by fl[]s ( rhetoric1 & ( :i* we %all h occasion frequ5tly to speak4 ,manjusri is ! my?ical au?or ( ?is influ5tial "w1#bc ! tw5ty-f\r? *apt] be+ devot$ to a glorification ( ! "*1 ! p[]1 & ! advantages to be d]iv$ f ! wor%ip ( ,avalokitesv>a4 ,! ,creation ( ,gods4 ,possibly ! "n ( ,manjusri may be d]iv$ f t ( ! ,indian m5dicant1 ! traditional introduc] ( ,buddhism & its accompany+ civilization into ,nepal4 ,! ,tibetans id5tify him ) ! m9i/] ( a great ,k+ ,/rong/un1 :o liv$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury ( our era & :o 0 ! great patron ( ,buddhism into ,tibet4 ,he is ! f\nd] ( t s*ool ( ?\ght :i* end$ 9 ! ,great ,vehicle1--! lit]ature ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism4#bd ,f ,nepal to ,japan1 9 ! books ( ! ,nor!rn ,buddhi/s !re is c]ta9ly mu* confusion betwe5 ! metaphysical be+ & ! leg5d>y civiliz] & tea*] ( ,nepal4 ,! o!r "n1 ,avalokitesv>a1 :i* means ! ,"l ( ,view1 ! "l :o looks d[n f on high1 in/ead ( be+ a purely metaphysical inv5tion1 may he only an adaptation ( "o epi!t ( ,%iva1 :i* meant ,ma/] ( ,view4 ,lat] & by degrees ! attributes 7 sep>at$ & ea* "o 0 p]sonifi$4 ,= example1 ! p[] ( ,avalokitesv>a 0 sep>at$ f 8 protect+ c>e & provid5ce4 ,8 p[] 0 p]sonifi$ z ! be>] ( ! ?und]-bolt1 or ! lightn+-h&$ "o2 & ?is new p]sonification add$ to ! two o!r ,buddhas elect1 made a triad1 ! fir/ 9 ,nor!rn ,buddhism4 ,9 ?is triad1 ! ?und]-bolt hold] 0 ,vagrapani2 ,manjusri 0 ! deifi$ tea*]2 & ,avalokitesv>a 0 ! ,_s ( ! ,buddhas pres5t 9 ! *ur*4 ,be=e _m c5turies _h elaps$1 ^! imag9>y be+s1 ) a few o!rs1 _h become gods to :om m5 pray$2 & ?us ,buddhism became a religion ) "s k9d ( !ism1--:i* ,gautama _h expressly r5\nc$4 ,if any "o wants pro( ( ?is rev]sion into ! old religions ( ,india1 he has only to notice t ! "n1 giv5 to ! new god made by p]sonification ( ! attribute ( p[]1 ,vagrapani1 or ,vadjradh>a1 or ! be>] ( ! ?und]-bolt1 _h =m]ly be5 us$ z an epi!t ( ! old fire-god ( ! ,v$as1 ,indra4 ,x 7 t$i\s to rec\nt all ! /eps 9 ! fur!r developm5t ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism4#be ,suffice x to say1 t out ( ideas & pr9ciples set =? 9 ! e>li] ,buddhism1 & "u ! g5]at+ =ce reborn f old ,brahm9ism1 ! ,dhyani ,buddhas 7t is ! ,buddhas evolv$ out ( ! m9d 9 my/ic trance7 7 giv5 _! elect ,buddhas2 & s ?ree sets ( five 7 co-ord9at$4#bf ,t is1 fir/1 five pre-p5ultimate ,buddhas2 !n _! ,bodhisattvas or p5ultimate ,buddhas2 & !n ! ultimate or human ,buddhas1 ( :i* ,gautama 0 "o4 ,or1 fir/ ab/raction2 !n pre-human efflu5ce2 !n emanation4 ,all ?is multiplication ( be+s is unkn[n to ,s\!rn ,buddhism1 unkn[n to ! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika1 & v probably unkn[n also to ! ,*9ese pilgrims :o visit$ ,india 9 ! fif? & sev5? c5turies4 ,pr(essor ,rhys ,davids1 9 8 compact little manual ( ,buddhism1 says3#bg ,among ^? hypo!tical be+s--! creations ( a sickly s*ola/icism1 holl[ ab/ractions )\t life or reality--! f\r? ,amitabha1 ',immeasurable ,light1' ^: ,bodhisatwa is ,avalokitesv>a1 & ^: emanation is ,gautama1 occupies ( c\rse ! highe/ & mo/ important rank4 ,surr\nd$ by innum]able ,bodhisatwas1 he sits en?ron$ "u a ,bo-tree 9 ,sukhavati1 i4e41 ! ,blissful1 a p>adise ( heav5ly joys1 ^: description occupies :ole t$i\s books ( ! s-call$ ,great ,vehicle4 ,by ?is !ory1 ea* ( ! five ,buddhas has become ?ree1 & ! f\r? ( ^! five sets ( ?ree is ! second ,buddhi/ ,tr9ity1 ! belief 9 :i* mu/ h aris5 aft] ! sev5? c5tury ( our era4 ,buddhism has be5 call$ ! light ( ,asia1 & ,gautama its illum9ator2 b c]ta9ly ! light has n be5 pure1 nor ! products ( its illum9ation :olesome4 ,p>don an illu/ration4 ,9 ,*ri/ian *ur*es & ca!drals ( ,europe1 !re is /ill a great prejudice aga9/ ! use ( pipes1 & ( gas made f coal1 because ( ! ma*9]y & ( ! impure emanations4 ,! prejudice is a :olesome "o2 = we all "k t mo/ ( ! elem5ts =m+ common illum9at+ gas are wor?less except to convey ! v small am\nt ( light-giv+ mat]ial1 & t ^! elem5ts 9 combu/ion vitiate ! air & give (f delet]i\s products :i* corrode1 t>ni% & de/roy4 ,n[ ?\gh ,buddhi/ doctr9e may h be5 ! light ( ,india1 yet to rea* ! ,nor!rn & ,ea/]n nations ( ,asia x _h1 app>5tly1 to be adult]at$ = conveyance1 z mu* z is ! illum9at+ gas 9 our cities4 ,f ! fir/1 ,nor!rn ,buddhism %[$ a wond]ful aff9ity1 n only = ,brahm9i/ic sup]/itions & speculations1 b = almo/ ev]y?+ else ) :i* x came 9 contact 9 c\ntries beyond ,india4 ,in/ead ( combat+1 x absorb$4 ,x adapt$ itself to circum/ances1 & f9d+ c]ta9 beliefs preval5t among ! p1 x imbib$ !m1 & ?us ga9$ by accretion until its bulk1 bo? ( beliefs & ( disciples1 0 9 ! inv]se ratio ( its purity4 ,ev5 to-day1 ! occult !osophy ( ,isis ,unveil$1 & ( ! s*ool ( writ]s su* z ,blavatsky1 ,olcott1 etc41 seems to be a p]fectly logical product ( ! ,nor!rn ,buddhisms1 & may be call$ "o ( !m2 yet x is simply a repetition ( :at took place c5turies ago4 ,mo/ ( ! primitive beliefs & sup]/itions ( ,nepal & ,tibet 7 absorb$ 9 ! ev] hungry & dev\r+ sy/em ( ,buddhi/ic s*ola/icism4 ,! ,mak+ ( a ,pan!on4 ,let u glance aga9 at ?is ,nepal ,buddhism4 ,9 ! t5? c5tury we f9d :at at fir/ seems to be a gr[? out ( ,poly!ism into ,mono!ism1 = a new ,be+1 to :om ! attributes ( inf9ity1 self-exi/5ce & omnisci5ce are ascrib$1 is inv5t$ & nam$ ,adi-,buddha1 or ! primordial ,buddha4 ,accord+ to ! speculations ( ! ?9k]s1 he _h evolv$ himself out ( ! five ,dhyani-,buddhas by ! ex]cise ( ! five m$itations1 :ile ea* ( ^! _h evolv$ out ( itself by wisdom & contemplation1 ! correspond+ ,buddhas elect4 ,aga91 ea* ( ! latt] evolv$ out ( 8 own ess5ce a mat]ial _w1--our pres5t _w be+ ! f\r? ( ^!1 t is ( ,avaloki4 ,"o almo/ might consid] t ?is sett+ =? ( ! primordial ,buddha 0 real ,mono!ism2 b on look+ m c>efully "o sees t x is z little real ,mono!ism z 0 possible 9 ! sy/em ( ,gno/icism4 ,inde$ ! =ce ( evolution c\ld n /op "h2 =1 s9ce ev5 ?is primordial ,buddha re/$ ^u ,ossa ( hypo!sis pil$ ^u ,pelion ( hypo!sis1 !re mu/ be o!r hypo!ses yet to come1 & s ! ,tantra sy/em1 a comp\nd ( old ,brahm9ism ) ! magic & wit*craft & ,%amanism ( ,nor!rn ,asia bur/ into view4 ,z ?is 0 to travel into ,japan & be hail$ z pure/ ,buddhism1 let u note h[ ?is t5? c5tury ,tantra sy/em grew up4 ,to see ?is cle>ly1 is to look ^u ! p>able ( ! man ) ! unclean _s be+ act$ out on a va/ scale 9 hi/ory4 ,9 ! six? c5tury ( our era1 "o ,asanga1 or ,asamga1 wrote ! ,%a/ra1 call$ ! ,%a/ra ,yoga-*>a ,bhumi4#bh ,) great dext]ity he erect$ a sort ( cle>+-h\se = bo? ! corrupt ,brahm9ism & corrupt ,buddhism ( 8 day1 & ex*ang+ & re>rang+ ! gods & devils 9 bo? sy/ems1 he repres5t$ !m z wor%ipp]s & support]s ( ! ,buddha & ,avalokitesv>a4 ,9 su* a sy/em1 ! old primitive ,buddhism ( ! noble eight-fold pa? ( self-conque/ & pure morals 0 utt]ly lo/4 ,in/ead ( t1 ! wor%ipp] gave 8 :ole p[]s to obta9+ occult pot5cies by means ( magic phrases & magic circles4 ,!n grew up :ole =e/s ( mona/]ies & temples1 ) an outbur/ ( devili% art repres5t+ _m-head$ & _m-ey$ & _m-h&$ idols on ! walls1 on books1 on ! roadside1 ) manifold *>ms & phrases ! endless repetitions ( :i* 7 suppos$ to h efficacy ) ! hypo!tical be+ :o fill$ ! heav5s4 ,t 0 ! age ( idols = ,*9a z well z = ,india2 & ! old ,*9ese h\se1 once empty1 swept & g>ni%$ by ,confucianism1 0 n[ fill$ ) a mob ( unclean spirits ea* worse ?an ! fir/4 ,) m c\rage\s logic ?an ! m matt]-(-fact ,*9ese1 ! ,tibetan erect$ 8 pray]-mills#bi & let ! w9ds ( heav5 & ! fl[+ wat]s cont9ually multiply 8 pray]s & holy syllables4 ,& ^! inv5tions 7 duly import$ into ,japan1 & ev5 n[ are f> f be+ abs5t4#cj ,pass+ ov] = ! pres5t ! hi/ory ( ,buddhism 9 ,*9a1#ca suffice x to say t ! ,buddhism :i* ent]$ ,japan f ,korea 9 ! six? c5tury1 0 n ! simple a!ism t\*$ ) morality1 ! bald skepticism or b5evol5t agno/icism ( ,gautama1 b a religion already ov] a ?\s& ye>s old4 ,x 0 ! sy/em ( ! ,nor!rn ,buddhi/s4 ,^!1 dissatisfi$1 or unsatisfi$1 ) absorption into a passionless /ate ?r\gh self-sacrifice & moral discipl9e1 _h evolv$ a philosophy ( religion 9 :i* 7 gods1 idols & an app>atus ( conv]sion utt]ly unkn[n to ! primitive fai?4 ,buddhism ,already ,corrupt$ :5 br\ght to ,japan4 ,?is six? c5tury ,buddhism 9 ,japan 0 n ! army ) bann]s1 :i* 0 introduc$ /ill lat] ) ! luxuriances ( ! fully develop$ sy/em1 its p>adise wond]fully l ,mohamm$'s & its ov]-populat$ pan!on4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ready ) ! necess>y ma*9]y1 bo? mat]ial & m5tal1 to make conque/ ( a p :i* _h n only religi\s aspirations1 b also lat5t ae/hetic possibilities ( a high ord]4 ,z 9 its c\rse ?r\gh ,*9a ?is ,nor!rn ,buddhism _h act$ z an all-p[]ful absorb5t ( local beliefs & sup]/itions1 s 9 ,japan x 0 de/9$ to make a m rem>kable record1 &1 n only to absorb local ideas b actually to cause ! indig5\s religion to disappe>4 ,let u inquire :o 7 ! p to :om ,buddhism1 :5 already possess$ ( a mill5ium ( hi/ory1 ent]$ its ,ultima ,?ule 9 ,ea/]n ,asia4 ,at :at /age ( mutual gr[? did ,buddhism & ! ,japanese meet ea* o!r8 ,in/ead ( ! =ty millions ( ?or\ghly homog5e\s p 9 ,japan--accord+ to ! c5sus ( ,decemb] #ca1 #ahib--;all be+ loyal subjects ( "o ,emp]or1 we mu/ ?9k ( possibly a million ( hunt]s1 fi%]m5 & f>m]s 9 m or less w>r+ clans or tribes4 ,^! 7 made up ( ! v>i\s migrations f ! ma9 l& & ! drift ( humanity br\ght by ! ocean curr5ts f ! s\?2 ,a9os1 ,koreans1 ,t>t>s & ,*9ese1 ) probably "s ,malay & ,nigrito /ock4 ,9 ! c5tral "p ( ,hondo1 ! ma9 isl&1 ! ,yamato tribe dom9at$1 its *ief be+ /yl$ ,sumru-mikoto1 or ,mikado4 ,to ! s\? & s\?we/1 ! ,mikado's p[] 0 only m or less felt1 = ! ,yamato m5 _h a long /ruggle 9 secur+ supremacy4 ,nor?w>d & ea/w>d lay great /ret*es ( l&1 inhabit$ by unsubdu$ & unciviliz$ native tribes ( cont95tal & mo/ probably ( ,korean orig91 & ?us m or less closely ak9 to ! ,yamato m54 ,/ill nor?w>d roam$ ! ,a9os1 a race ^: ance/ral seats may h be5 9 f>-(f ,dravidian ,india4 ,despite ! con/ant conflicts betwe5 ! ,yamato p :o _h agriculture & ! beg9n+s ( gov]nm5t1 law & lit]ature1 & _! less civiliz$ neighbors1 ! t5d5cy to amalgamation 0 already /rong4 ,! problem ( ! /atesman1 0 to ext5d ! sway ( ! ,mikado ov] ! :ole ,ar*ipelago4 ,%9t 01 9 its =mation1 made use ( z an eng9e to conqu]1 unify & civilize all ! tribes4 ,9 "o s5se1 ?is conque/ ( m5 hav+ l[] =ms ( fai?1 by believ]s 9 ! ,kami no ,mi*i1 or ,way ( ! ,gods1 0 analog\s to ! ,aryan conque/ ( ,india & ! ,dravidians4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! en]gy & valor display$ 9 ^! e>ly ages =m$ ! ideal ( ,yamato ,dama%ii 7,! ,_s ( unconqu]able ,japan71 :i* has s p[]fully influ5c$ ! mod]n ,japanese4 ,we %all see1 also1 h[ gr&ly ,buddhism also came to be a p[]ful =ce 9 ! unification ( ! ,japanese p4 ,at fir/1 ! new fai? w\ld be reject$ z an ali5 invad]1 /igmatiz$ z a =eign religion1 &1 z su*1 sure to invoke ! wra? ( ! native gods4 ,!n lat]1 its sup]iority to ! indig5\s cult w\ld be se5 bo? by ! wise & ! practically m9d$1 & x w\ld be welcom$ & enjoy$4 ,! ,invit+ ,field4 ,nev] _h a new religion a m invit+ field or "o m sure ( success1 ?an _h ,buddhism on /epp+ f ! ,l& ( ,morn+ ,dawn to ! ,l& ( ! ,ris+ ,sun4 ,com+ z a gorge\s1 dazzl+ & discipl9$ array ( all t c\ld t\* ! imag9ation1 /imulate ! intellect & move ! he>t ( ! ,japanese1 x 0 irresi/ible4 ,= ! mak+ ( a nation1 ,%9t 0 z a donkey eng9e1 comp>$ to ! sy/em ( furnaces1 boil]s1 %aft & propell] ( a t5-?\s&-ton /eel cruis]1 mov$ by ! en]gies ( a million ye>s ( sunbeam =ce cond5s$ into coal & releas$ aga9 ?r\gh transmigration by fire4 ,all acc\nts 9 ! v]nacul> ,japanese agree1 t _! ,butsu-d or ,buddhism 0 import$ f ,korea4 ,9 ! sixte5? ye> ( ,kitai1 ! tw5ty-sev5? ,mikado 7( ! li/ made c5turies aft]1 & ! elev5? aft] ! impossible l9e ( ! long-liv$ or my?ical ,mikados71 ,a4,d4 #ecd1 x is said t a man f ,*9a br\ght ) him an image ( ,buddha into ,yamato1 & sett+ x up 9 a ?at*$ cottage wor%ipp$ x4 ,! p call$ x =eign-c\ntry god4 ,visitors discuss$ ) him ! religion ( ,%aka1 z ! ,japanese call ,%akyamuni1 & "s little k ( ,buddhism 0 ga9$1 b no notable progress 0 made until ,a4,d4 #eeb1 :i* is g5]ally accept$ & celebrat$ z ! ye> ( ! introduction ( ! fai? into ,japan4 ,!n a k+ ( ,hiaksai 9 ,korea1 s5t ov] to ! c\rt & to ! ,mikado gold5 images ( ! ,buddha & ( ! triad ( preci\s ones1 ) ,sutras & sacr$ books4 ,^! holy relics are believ$ to be /ill pres]v$ 9 ! fam\s temple ( ,z5kji1#cb belong+ to ! temple ( ! ,t5dai ,sect at ,nagano 9 ,nor!rn ,japan1 ?is %r9e be+ d$icat$ to ,amida & 8 two foll[]s ,kwannon 7,avalokitesv>a7 & ,dai-si-%i 7,maha/anaprapta74 ,?is gr\p ( idols1 z ! cu/odian ( ! %r9e w tell y1 0 made by ,%aka himself out ( gold1 f\nd at ! base ( ! tree :i* gr[s at ! c5tre ( ! univ]se4 ,aft] rema9+ 9 ,korea = elev5 hundr$ & twelve ye>s1 x 0 br\ght to ,japan4 ,mighty is ! /ream ( pilgrims :i* cont9ually sets t[>d ! holy place4 ,a common prov]b decl>es t ev5 a c[ c f9d h] way ?i!r4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #egb & aga9 9 #ehd1 new images1 sutras & tea*]s came ov] f ano!r "p ( ,korea4 ,! ,mikado call$ a c\ncil to det]m9e :at %\ld be done ) ! idols1 to ! wor%ip ( :i* he 0 himself incl9$2 b a majority 7 aga9/ ! idea ( insult+ ! native gods by receiv+ ! pres5ts & ?us introduc+ a =eign religion4 ,! m9i/] ( /ate1 h[ev]1 "o ,soga no ,inam1 express$ himself 9 favor ( ,buddhism1 & put ! images 9 8 c\ntry h\se :i* he conv]t$ into a temple4 ,:51 soon aft]1 ! l& 0 afflict$ ) a pe/il5ce1 ! oppon5ts ( ! new fai? attribut$ x to ! wra? ( ! gods at ! hospitality giv5 to ! new idols4 ,w> broke out1 fight+ took place1 & ! ,buddhi/ temple 0 burn$ & ! idols ?r[n into ! riv]1 ne> ,osaka4 ,great port5ts foll[$1 & ! enemies ( ,buddhism 71 x is said1 burn$ up by flames desc5d+ f heav54 ,! tide !n turn$ 9 favor ( ! ,indian fai?1 & ,soga rebuilt 8 temple4 ,prie/s & mission>ies 7 invit$ to come ov] f ,korea1 be+ gladly furni%$ by ! allies ( ,japan f ! /ate ( ,%9ra1 & ,buddhism aga9 fl\ri%$ at ! c\rt1 b n yet among ! p4 ,once m1 fight+ broke out2 & aga9 ! temple ( ! ali5 gods 0 de/roy$1 only to be rebuilt aga94 ,! *ief *ampion ( ,buddhism 0 ! son ( a ,mikado1 be/ kn[n by 8 po/hum\s title1 ,%toku1#cc :o all 8 life 0 a vigor\s def5d] & propagator ( ! new fai?4 ,?r\gh 8 influ5ce1 or v probably ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ! ,korean mission>ies1 ! deva/at+ w> betwe5 ! ,japanese & ,koreans 0 end$4 ,9 ! peace :i* foll[$1 notable progress 0 made ?r\gh ! vigor ( ! mission>ies enc\rag$ by ! reg5t ,%toku1 s t at 8 dea? 9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #fba1 !re 7 =ty-six temples1 & ?irte5 hundr$ & eighty-five prie/s1 monks & nuns 9 ,japan4 ,_m ( ! mo/ fam\s temples1 :i* are n[ full ( weal? & r5[n1 trace _! f\ndations to ?is era ( ,%toku & ( 8 aunt1 ! ,empress ,suiko 7,a4,d4 #eic-fbh71 :o 7 fri5dly to ! new religion4 ,%toku may be almo/ call$ ! f\nd] ( ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,al?\gh a layman1 he is canoniz$ & /&s unique 9 ! ,pan!on ( ,ea/]n ,buddhism1 8 image be+ prom95tly visible 9 ?\s&s ( ,japanese temples4 ,leg5d1 9 no c\ntry m luxuri\s ?an 9 ,japan1 tells u t ! exotic religion made no progress until ,amida1 ! b\ndlessly ,m]ciful ,"o1 assum+ ! %ape ( a concub9e ( ! imp]ial pr9ce :o aft]w>d became ! ,mikado ,yom1 gave bir? to ,%toku1 :o 0 himself ,kwannon or ! goddess ( m]cy 9 human =m2 & t :5 he grew up1 he took to wife an inc>nation ( ! ,buddha elect1 ,maha/ana-prapta1 or 9 ,japanese ,dai-si-%i1 ^: idol is honor$ at ,z5kji4 ,! ,new ,fai? ,becomes ,popul>4 ,!n ,buddhism became popul>1 pass+ out f ! n>r[ circle ( ! c\rt to be welcom$ by ! p4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #fbc1 monks came ov] directly f ,*9a1 & we f9d m5tion$ two sects1 ! ,sanron & ! ,jjitsu1 :i* are no long] extant 9 ,japan4 ,9 ab\t ,a4,d4 #fej ! fame ( ,yuan ,*ang 7,hi\5 ,?sang7 ! ,*9ese pilgrim to ,india1 or ! holy l&1 rea*$-,japan2 & 8 illu/ri\s example 0 en?usia/ically foll[$4 ,hi/ory n[ frequ5tly repeat$ itself4 ,! ,japanese monk1 ,d%1 cross$ ! seas to ,*9a to gaze ^u ! face & become ! pupil ( t illu/ri\s ,*9ese pilgrim1 :o _h se5 ,buddha ,l&4 ,lat] on1 o!r monks cross$ to ! l& ( ,s9im1 until we f9d t 9 ?is & succe$+ c5turies1 hundr$s ( ,japanese 9 _! frail junks1 brav$ ! dang]s ( ! /ormy ocean1 9 ord] to /udy ,sanskrit1 to read ! old scriptures1 to meet ! new lights ( le>n+ or revelation1 & to become v]s$ 9 ! late/ fa%ions ( religion4 ,we f9d ! pilgrims return+ & f\nd+ new sects or sub-sects1 & /imulat+ by _! en?usiasm ! monks & ! home mission>ies4 ,9 ! ye> ,a4,d4 #gjj ! cu/om ( cremation 0 introduc$4 ,?is wr\ght n only a pr(\nd *ange 9 cu/oms1 b also became ! se$ ( a ri* crop ( sup]/itions2 s9ce out ( ! cremat$ bodies ( ! sa9ts came =? ! %>i or1 9 ,sanskrit1 s>ira4 ,^! h>d sub/ances or pellets1 pres]v$ 9 cry/al cab9ets1 are treat$ z holy gems or relics4 ,?us v5]at$1 !y become ! nuclei ( cycles ( fairy lore4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #gaj1 ! great mona/]y at ,n>a 0 f\nd$2 & "h we mu/ notice or at lea/ glance at ! great ?rong ( civiliz+ influ5ces t came 9 ) ,buddhism1 & at ! great army ( arti/s1 artisans & skill$ m5 & wom5 ( e sort ( trade & craft4 ,we note t ) ! build+ ( ?is great ,n>a mona/]y came ano!r pro( ( improvem5t & ! add$ elem5t ( /ability 9 ,japanese civilization4 ,! anci5t dread :i* ! ,japanese _h1 ( liv+ 9 any place :]e a p]son _h di$ 0 pass+ away4 ,! nomad life 0 be+ giv5 up4 ,! successor ( a dead ,mikado 0 no long] compell$ to build himself a new capital4 ,! travell] 9 ,japan1 famili> ) ! anci5t poetry ( ! ,_m-%u1 f9ds no few] ?an fifty-eight sites#cd z ! e>ly homes ( ! ,japanese mon>*y4 ,once occupy+ ! pr\d position ( imp]ial capitals1 !y are n[ = ! mo/ "p m]e hamlets1 (t5times m]e names1 ) no visible indication ( =m] human habitation2 :ile ! old riv]s or /reams once gay ) b>ges fill$ ) silk5-rob$ lords & ladies1 h dri$ up to m]e wa%]wom5's runnels4 ,= ! fir/ "t aft] ! build+ ( ?is ,buddhi/ mona/]y1 ! capital rema9$ p]man5t1 ,n>a be+ ! imp]ial resid5ce dur+ sev5ty-five ye>s4 ,!n beautiful ,kito 0 *os51 & rema9$ ! resid5ce ( successive g5]ations ( emp]ors until #ahfh4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #gce1 we read ( ! ,kgon sect4 ,two ye>s lat] a l>ge mona/]y1 ) a sev5-/ori$ pagoda alongside ( x1 0 ord]$ to be built 9 e prov9ce4 ,^!1 ) ! temples & _! surr\nd+s1 & ) ! wayside %r9es beg9n+ to spr+ up l exotic fl[]s1 made a /rik+ alt]ation 9 ! l&scape ( ,japan4 ,! ,buddhi/ scriptures 7 num]\sly copi$ & circulat$ among ! le>n$ class1 yet nei!r n[ nor ev]1 except "h & !re 9 fragm5ts1 7 !y f\nd among ! p4 ,=1 al?\gh ! ,buddhi/ canon has be5 repeat$ly import$1 copi$ by ! p5 & 9 mod]n times pr9t$1 yet no ,japanese translation has ev] be5 made4 ,! me?ods ( ,buddhism 9 reg>d to ! circulation ( ! scriptures are ^?1 n ( ,prote/antism b ( ,roman ,ca?olicism4 ,9 ! same ye>1 ! ,mikado call$ = contributions f all ! p = ! build+ ( a colossal image ( ! ,buddha1 :i* 0 to be ( bronze & gild$4 ,yet1 fe>+ t ! ,%9t gods might be (f5d$1 a skilful prie/ nam$ ,giyoku1--probably ! same man :o introduc$ ! pott]'s :eel into ,japan1--0 s5t to ! %r9e ( ! ,sun-goddess 9 ,is to pres5t h] ) a %>i or relic ( ! ,buddha1 & f9d out h[ %e w\ld reg>d 8 project4 ,aft] sev5 days & nights ( wait+1 ! *apel doors flew op5 & ! l\d-voic$ oracle 0 int]pret$ 9 a favorable s5se4 ,! night foll[+ ! return ( ! prie/1 ! ,mikado dream$ t ! sun-goddess appe>$ to him 9 h] own =m & said ,! sun is ,biru%ana 7,vairokana74 ,?is meant t ! *ief deity ( ! ,japanese proclaim$ h]self an avat> or inc>nation ( "o ( ! old ,h9du gods4#ce ,%e also approv$ ! project ( ! image2 & 9 ?is same ye>1 #gei1 native gold 0 f\nd 9 ,japan1 :i* suffic$ = ! gild+ ( ! great idol t1 aft] elev5 hundr$ ye>s & _m vicissitudes1 /ill /&s1 ! glory ( a multitude ( pilgrims4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #ged a fam\s prie/1 :o introduc$ ! new ,ritsu ,sect1 0 able to conv]t ! ,mikado & obta9 f\r hundr$ conv]ts 9 ! imp]ial c\rt4 ,?irte5 ye>s lat]1 ano!r trem5d\s triumph ( ,buddhism 0 scor$ & a deadly bl[ at ,%9t 0 /ruck4 ,! ,buddhi/ prie/s p]suad$ ! ,mikados to ab&on _! anci5t title ( ,sum]u & adopt t ( ,t5n 7,heav5ly ,k+ or ,t5%i7 ,son ( ,heav51 aft] ! ,*9ese fa%ion4 ,at ! same "t x 0 taught t ! emp]or c\ld ga9 great m]it & soon] become a ,buddha1 by retir+ f ! active c>es ( ! ?rone & becom+ a monk1 ) ! title ( ,h-1 or ,cloi/]$ ,emp]or4 ,?is innovation _h f>-rea*+ consequ5ces1 pr(\ndly alt]+ ! /atus ( ! ,mikado1 giv+ s5sualism on ! "o h& & prie/craft on ! o!r1 _! covet$ opportunity1 *ang+ ! rul] ( ! nation f an active /atesman into a recluse & ! recluse into a pi\s monk1 or a lic5ti\s devotee1 z ! case might be4 ,x pav$ ! way = ! usurpation ( ! gov]nm5t by ! unscrupul\s soldi]1 ! man on horseback1 :o 0 de/9$ to rule ,japan = sev5 hundr$ ye>s1 :ile ! ?rone & its occupant 7 9 ! %ad[4 ,"o ( a ?\s& pro(s ( ! progress ( ! propag&a s*eme is se5 9 ! removal ( ! ,%9t temple :i* _h /ood at ,nikk1 & ! erection 9 its place ( a ,buddhi/ temple4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #hje ! fam\s ,t5dai1 & 9 #hjf ! p[]ful ,%+on ,sect 7 introduc$4 ,all 0 n[ ready 9 ,japan = ! gr[? n only ( "o new ,buddhism1 b ( sev]al v>ieties among ! ,nor!rn ,buddhisms :i* s ar\se ! a/oni%m5t ( ^? :o /udy ! simple ,pali scriptures t conta9 ! /ory ( ,gautama1 & :o "k only ! s\!rn phase ( ! fai?1 t is to ,asia1 relatively1 :at ,*ri/ianity is to ,europe4 ,we say relatively1 = :ile ,buddhism made ,*9ese ,asia g5tle 9 mann]s & k9d to animals1 x cov]$ ! l& ) temples1 mona/]ies & images2 on ! o!r h& ! religion ( ,jesus fill$ ,europe n only ) *ur*es1 abbeys1 mona/]ies & nunn]ies1 b also ) hospitals1 orphan asylums1 ligh?\ses1 s*ools & colleges4 ,betwe5 ! fruits ( ,*ri/5dom & ,buddhadom1 let ! _w judge4 ,survey & ,summ>y4 ,to sum up3 ,buddhism is ! humanit>ian's1 & also ! skeptic's1 solution ( ! problem ( ! univ]se4 ,its ?ree great di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics are a!ism1 metempsy*osis & abs5ce ( ca/e4 ,x 0 9 its orig9 pure democracy4 ,z aga9/ despotic prie/hood & oppressive hi]>*y1 x 0 congregational4 ,!oretically x is s yet1 ?\gh f> f be+ s practically4 ,x is c]ta9ly sac]dotal & ari/ocratic 9 organization4 ,z 9 any o!r sy/em :i* has s va/ a hi]>*y ) s _m grades ( honor & au?ority1 its !ory ( democracy is n[ a memory4 ,fir/ prea*$ 9 a l& accurs$ by ca/e & "u spiritual & secul> oppressions1 x ackn[l$g$ no ca/e1 b decl>$ all m5 equally s9ful & mis]able1 & all equally capable ( be+ fre$ f s9 & mis]y ?r\gh ,buddhahood1 t is1 k or enlight5m5t4#cf ,! ?ree-fold pr9ciple laid d[n by ,gautama1 & n[ 9 dogma1 lit]ature1 art & wor%ip1 a triad or =mal tr9ity1 is1 ,buddha1 ! atta9m5t ( ,buddha-hood1 or p]fect enlight5m5t1 ?r\gh m$itation & b5evol5ce2 ,k>ma1 ! law ( cause & effect2 & ,dh>ma1 discipl9e or ord]2 or1 ! ,"l1 ! ,law & ! ,*ur*4 ,pay+ no att5tion to que/ions ( cosmogony or !ogony1 ! univ]se is accept$ z an ultimate fact4 ,matt] is et]nal4 ,creation exi/s b n a ,creator4 ,all is god1 b ,god is left out ( consid]ation4 ,! gods are ev5 less ?an ,buddhas4 ,humanity is glorifi$ & ! /ress ( all tea*+ is ^u ?is life4 ,9 a ^w3 a s9less life1 atta9able by man1 ?r\gh 8 own ex]tions 9 ?is _w1 above all ! p[]s or be+s ( ! univ]se1 is ! ess5ce ( orig9al ,buddhism4 ,orig9al ,nirvana meant dea? :i* ends all1 ext9ction ( exi/5ce4 ,gautama's imm$iate purpose 0 to emancipate himself & 8 foll[]s f ! fett]s ( ,brahm9ism4 ,he tri$ to leave ! _w ( ,h9du philosophy beh9d him & to escape f x4 ,did he succe$8 ,p>tially4 ,buddha hop$ also to rise above ! sup]/itions ( ! common p1 b 9 ?is he 0 aga9 only p>tially successful4#cg ,! cl\ds return$ aft] ! ra94 ,! old dead gods ( ,brahm9ism came back "u new names & =ms4 ,! mal>ial exhalations ( corrupt ,brahmani/ic philosophy1 cont9ually poison$ ! atmosph]e :i* ,buddha's disciples brea!d4 ,/ill worse1 z 8 religion transmigrat$ into o!r l&s1 x became itself a hi/ory ( trans=mation1 until to-day no religion on e>? seems to be su* a kaleidoscopic phantasmagoria4 ,poly!ism is rampant ov] ! great] "p ( ! ,buddhi/ _w to-day4 ,9 ! l>g] portion ( ,*9ese ,asia1 pan!ism dom9ates ! m9d4 ,9 mod]n ,babism1--a mixture ( ,mohamm$anism1 ,*ri/ianity & ,buddhism1--!re are /reaks ( dualism4 ,if ,mono!ism has ev] dawn$ on ! ,buddhi/ _w1 x has be5 9 fitful pulses z 9 auroral fla%es1 soon to leave d>kness d>k]4 ,= u is ?is lesson3 ,buddhism1 br\ght face to face ) ! problem ( ! _w's evil & possible improvem5t1 evades x2 begs ! :ole "q at ! outset2 prays3 ,deliv] u f exi/5ce4 ,save u f life & give u z little z possible ( x4 ,*ri/ianity faces ! problem & fl9*es n2 ord]s advance all along ! l9e ( endeavor & prays3 ,deliv] u f evil2 & is ev] ( good *e]1 because ,capta9 & lead] says3 ,i h ov]come ! _w4 ,g1 w9 x = me4 ,i h come t !y might h life1 & t !y might h x m abundantly4 ,,*apt] ,,vii - ,,riy,,bu1 ,,or ,,mix$ ,,buddhism ,all ?+s are no?+ b m9d4 ,! doctr9es ( ,buddhism h no fix$ =ms4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ?+s !mselves t enables u to di/+ui% 9 !m ei!r good or evil1 "r or wrong4 ,x is b man's fancy t weighs _! m]its & causes him to *oose "o & reject ! o!r4 ,non-individuality is ! g5]al pr9ciple ( ,buddhism4--,outl9es ( ! ,mahyna4 ,x 7,%9t7 0 smo!r$ be=e rea*+ maturity1 b ,buddhism & ,confucianism _h to disguise & *ange 9 ord] to ent] ,japan4 ,life has a limit$ span & naught may avail to ext5d x4 ,?is is manife/$ by ! imp]man5ce ( human be+s4 ,b yet :5ev] necess>y ,i w h]eaft] make my appe>ance f "t to "t z a god1 a sage1 or a ,buddha4--,la/ words ( ,%aka ! ,buddha1 9 ,japanese biography4 ,x is our op9ion t ,buddhism _c long hold its gr\nd1 & t ,*ri/ianity mu/ f9ally prevail ?r\gh\t all ,japan4444 ,n[1 :5 ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity are 9 conflict = ! asc5d5cy1 ?is indiff]5ce ( ! ,japanese p to ! diff]5ce ( sects is a great disadvantage to ,buddhism4 ,t !y %\ld wor%ip ,jesus ,*ri/ ) ! same m9d z !y d ,in>i or ,mij9 is n at all inconsi/5t 9 _! e/imation or contr>y to _! cu/om4--,fukuzawa1 ( ,tki4 ,h[ long halt ye betwe5 two op9ions8 ,if ! ,"l be ,god1 foll[ him2 b if ,baal1 !n foll[ him4--,elijah4 ,d m5 ga!r grapes ( ?orns or figs ( ?i/les8--,jesus4 ,do? a f\nta9 s5d =? at ! same place sweet wat] & bitt]8--,james4 ,:at concord ha? ,*ri/ ) ,belial8--,paul4 ,,*apt] ,,vii - ,,riy,,bu1 ,,or ,,mix$ ,,buddhism ,syncretism 9 ,religion4 ,two c5turies & a half ( ,buddhism 9 ,japan1 %[$ ! lead]s & tea*]s ( ! ,indian fai? t complete victory ov] ! :ole nation 0 yet v f> (f4 ,! c\rt _h inde$ be5 invad$ & won4 ,ev5 ! ,mikado1 ! ecclesia/ical head ( ,%9t1 & ! inc>nation & vic> ( ! heav5ly gods1 _h n only embrac$ ,buddhism1 b 9 _m in/ances _h %orn ! hair & tak5 ! v[s ( ! monk4 ,yet ! p clung t5aci\sly to _! old traditions1 cu/oms & wor%ip2 = _! gods 7 l !mselves & inde$ 7 ( !mselves1 s9ce ,%9t is only a transfiguration ( ,japanese life4 ,9 ! ,japanese ( ^? days we c trace ! same traits :i* we behold 9 ! mod]n son ( ,nippon1 especially 8 int5se patriotism & 8 w>like t5d5cies4 ,to conv]t ^! p to ! peaceful dogmas ( ,sidd>?a & to make !m good ,buddhi/s1 some?+ m ?an tea*+ & ritual 0 necess>y4 ,x 0 indisp5sable t !re %\ld be complete sub/itution1 all along ! ruts & pa?s ( national habit1 & especially t ! names ( ! gods & ! fe/ivals %\ld be ,buddhaiz$4 ,popul> cu/oms are ne>ly immortal & in]adicable4 ,?\gh w>s may come1 dyna/ies rise & fall1 & convulsions 9 nature take place1 yet ! p's mann]s & amusem5ts are v sl[ 9 *ang+4 ,if1 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,european mission>ies f\nd x necess>y 9 ord] to make conque/ ( our pagan =efa!rs1 to baptize & re-"n )\t radically *ang+ old notions & habits1 s did x seem equally indisp5sable t 9 ,japan !re %\ld be "s sy/em ( reconciliation ( ! old & ! new1 "s !ological revolution1 :i* %\ld ei!r fulfil1 absorb1 or de/roy ,%9t4 ,9 ! hi/ories ( religions 9 ,we/]n ,asia1 ,nor!rn ,africa & ,europe1 we are famili> ) ef=ts at syncretism4 ,we h se5 h[ ,philo attempt$ to unite ,hebrew righte\sness & ,greek beauty1 & to h>monize ,moses & ,plato4 ,we "k ( ,euhem]us1 :o ?\ght he read 9 ! old my?ologies n only ! outl9es ( real hi/ory1 b ! hi]oglyphics ( leg5d & tradition1 tru? & revelation4#a ,/ud5ts ( ,*ur* hi/ory are well aw>e t ?is pr9ciple ( int]pretation 0 foll[$ only too g5]\sly by ,t]tullian1 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,lactantius1 ,*ryso/om & o!rs ( ! ,*ur* ,fa!rs4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be h>d to f9d 9 any ( ! great religions ( ! _w an utt] abs5ce ( syncretism1 or ! union ( app>5tly ho/ile religi\s ideas4 ,9 ! ,?\s& & ,"o ,nights1 we h an example 9 popul> lit]ature4 ,we see t ! anci5t m5 ( ,india1 ,p]sia & pre-,mohamm$an ,arabia n[ act & talk z or?odox ,mussulmans4 ,9 matt]s p]ta9+ to art & furniture1 ! /atue ( ,jupit] 9 ,rome s]ves = ,/4 ,pet]1 & 9 ,japan t ( ! ,virg9 & *ild = ! ,buddha & 8 "m4#b ,:at1 h[ev]1 *iefly conc]ns ! critic & /ud5t ( religions is to inquire h[ f> ! process has be5 natural1 & ! ef=ts ( ^? :o h br\ght ab\t ! union h be5 hone/1 & _! motives pure4 ,! ,bible pages be> witness1 t ,israelites too (t5 tri$ to make ! same f\nta9 give =? sweet wat]s & bitt]1 & to gr[ ?i/les & grapes on ! same /em1 by unit+ ! cults ( ,jehovah & ! ,baalim4 ,k+ ,solomon's ent]prises 9 ! same direction are m cr$itable to him z a politician ?an z a wor%ipp]4#c ,9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity "o _c comm5d ! ef=ts ei!r ( ! ,gno/ics or ! neo-,platoni/s1 nor always ju/ify ! m$ieval mission>ies 9 _! me?ods4 ,nor c we accurately describe z successful ! +5uity ( ,vossius1 ! ,dut* !ologian1 :o1 foll[+ ! s*eme ( ,euhem]us1 discov]$ ! ,old ,te/am5t patri>*s 9 ! disguise ( ! gods ( ,paganism4 ,nor1 ev5 ?\gh ,g]many be ! l& ( le>n+1 c ! cle>-head$ s*ol> agree ) "s ( h] rationali/s1 :o are (t5 busy 9 ! same field ( indu/ry1 sett+ =? wild criticism z sci5ce4 ,! ,kami & ! ,buddhas4 ,9 ,japan1 to solve ! problem ( reconciliation betwe5 ! anci5t traditions ( ! div9e ance/ors & ! dogmas ( ! ,indian cult1 x 0 necess>y t "s ma/] _s1 pr(\ndly le>n$ 9 ! two ,ways1 ( ! ,kami & ( ! ,buddhas1 %\ld be bold1 & also z x seems1 crafty & unscrupul\s4 ,to conv]t a l9e ( !ocratic emp]ors1 ^: au?ority 0 d]iv$ f _! alleg$ div9e orig9 & sac]dotal "*1 into patrons & propag&i/s ( ,buddhism1 & to trans=m indig5\s ,%9t gods into ,buddhas elect1 or ,buddhas to come1 or ,buddhas 9 a =m] /ate ( exi/5ce1 7 tasks t might appall ! mo/ prodigi\s intellect1 & ev5 /ra9 ! capacities ( :at "o might imag9e to be ! univ]sal religion = all mank9d4 ,yet f su* a task cont95tal ,buddhism _h n %runk be=e & did n %r9k !n1 nor inde$ f x d ! insul> ,japanese sects %r9k n[4 ,inde$1 ,buddhism is q ready to adopt1 absorb & swall[ up ,japanese ,*ri/ianity4 ,) all encompass+ t5tacles1 & ) colossal p[]s ( dige/ion & assimilation1 ,nor!rn ,buddhism _h drawn into itself a l>ge "p ( ! ,brahmanism out ( :i* x orig9ally sprang1#d rev]s+ ! old my? ( ,*ronos by swall[+ its p>5ts4 ,x _h ga!r$ 91 pretty mu* all t 0 9 ! heav5s above & ! e>? b5ea? & ! wat]s t 7 "u ! e>?1 9 ,nepal1 ,tibet1 ,*9a1 & ,korea4 ,?or\ghly ex]cis$ & discipl9$1 x 0 ready to dev\r & dige/ all t ! imag9ation ( ,japan _h conceiv$4 ,we mu/ rememb] t1 at ! op5+ ( ! n9? c5tury1 ! ,buddhism rampant 9 ,*9a & inde$ ?r\gh\t ,*9ese ,asia 0 ! ,tantra sy/em ( ,yoga-*>a4#e ,?is comp\nd ( poly!ism & pan!ism1 ) its s5su\s p>adise1 its goddess ( m]cy & its pan!on ( e sort ( wor%ipable be+s1 0 also equipp$ ) a sy/em ( philosophy by :i* ,buddhism c\ld be adapt$ to almo/ e ye>n+ ( human nature 9 its l[e/ or its highe/ =m1 & by :i* ?+s app>5tly contradictory c\ld be reconcil$4 ,fur!rmore--& ?is is n ! lea/ important ?+ to consid] :5 ! "w to be done is = ! ord9>y man z an individual & = ! common p 9 ! mass--x _h also a trem5d\s app>atus = t\*+ ! imag9ation & captivat+ ! fancy ( ! un?9k+ & ! un$ucat$4 ,= example1 consid] ! equipm5t ( ! ,buddhi/ prie/s ( ! n9? c5tury 9 ! matt] ( art alone4 ,%9t kn[s next to no?+ ( art1#f & inde$ "o might almo/ say t x kn[s little ( civilization4 ,x is l ultra-,puritanic ,prote/antism & ,iconoclasm4 ,buddhism1 on ! contr>y1 is ! "m ( art1 & art is h] ev]-busy *ild & h&maid4 ,! temples ( ! ,kami 7 bald & b>e4 ,! ,kojiki told no?+ ( life h]eaft]1 & kept sil5ce on a hundr$ po9ts at :i* human curiosity is sure to be active1 & at :i* ! ,yoga sy/em 0 voluble4 ,buddhism came ) a set ( visible symbols :i* %\ld attract ! eye & fire ! imag9ation1 & )9 e?ical limits1 ! passions also4 ,x 0 a mix$ & v>iegat$ sy/em1--a resultant ( _m =ces4#g ,x came ) ! ?\ght ( ,india1 ! art-influ5ce ( ,greece1 ! philosophy ( ,p]sia1 ! speculations ( ! ,gno/ics &1 9 all probability1 ) ideas borr[$ indirectly f ,ne/orian or o!r =ms ( ,*ri/ianity2 & ?us furni%$1 x ent]$ ,japan4 ,! ,mission ( ,art4 ,?us f> ! insul> k+dom _h kn[n only ! mono*rome sket*es ( ! ,*9ese pa9t]s1 :i* c\ld h a mean+ = ! educat$ few alone4 ,! composite ,tantra dogmas f$ ! fancy & /imulat$ ! imag9ation1 fill+ !m ) pictures ( life1 pa/1 pres5t & future4 ,! sket* 0 replac$ by ! illum9ation4 ,:ole s*ools ( arti/s1 import$ f ,*9a & ,korea1 multipli$ _! works & attract$ ! untra9$ s5ses ( ! p1 by fill+ ! temples ) a blaze ( glory4 ,?is result 0 s\ght by a gorge\s b /udi$ play ( gold & color1 & a lavi% ri*ness ( m\nt+ & accessories1 t appe> /rangely at v>iance ) ! begg+ b[l & pat*$ g>m5ts ( primitive ,buddhism4#h ,! *ange 9 ! ,japanese temple 0 z ?\gh ! gray cl\ds _h be5 kiss$ by ! sun & made to laugh ra9b[s4 ,! c\ntry ( ! ,f]tile ,pla9 ( ,sweet ,flags 0 trans=m$4 ,x sudd5ly became ! l& :]e9 gods grew n s+ly b 9 :ole =e/s4 ,l ! ,%ulamite1 :5 introduc$ among ! jewell$ ladies ( ,solomon's h>em1 s /ood ! boor amid ! %e5 & gold ( ! new temples4 ,gold 0 ! "o ?+ ess5tial to ! ,buddhi/ alt>-piece1 & sometimes1 :5 appli$ on a black gr\nd1 0 ! only mat]ial us$4 ,9 all cases x 0 employ$ ) an unsp>+ h&4 ,x appe>$ 9 uni=m masses1 z 9 ! body ( ! ,buddha or 9 ! gold5 lakes ( ! ,we/]n ,p>adise2 9 m9ute diap]s ^u brocades & clo?+1 9 circlets & undulat+ rays1 to =m ! glory surr\nd+ ! head ( ,amitaba2 9 rais$ bosses & r+s ^u ! armlets or necklets ( ! ,bodhisattvas & ,devas1 & 9 a hundr$ o!r mann]s4 ,! pigm5ts *os5 to h>monize ) ?is display 7 necess>ily body colors ( ! mo/ pron\nc$ l9es1 & 7 unton$ by any trace ( *i>oscuro4 ,su* mat]ials z ^! w\ld surely try ! av]age arti/1 b ! ,ori5tal pa9t] knew h[ to dispose !m )\t risk ( crudity or gaud9ess1 & ! preci\s metal1 h[ev] lavi%ly appli$1 0 di/ribut$ ov] ! picture ) a judgm5t t w\ld make x difficult to alt] or remove any "p )\t detrim5t to ! beauty ( ! "w4#i ,9 our day1 ,japanese art has won its own place 9 ! _w's temple ( beauty4 ,ev5 ^? famili> ) ! ma/]-pieces ( ,europe d n hesitate to aw>d to ! arti/s ( ,nippon a me$ ( praise :i*1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 is ju/ly appli$ to !m equally ) ! ma/]s ( ! ,italian1 ! ,dut*1 ! ,flemi%1 or ! ,fr5* s*ools4 ,x s]ves our purpose simply to po9t out t art 0 a p[]ful factor 9 ! religi\s conque/ ( ! ,japanese = ! new doctr9es ( ! ,yoga sy/em1 :i* 9 ,japan is call$ ,riybu1 or ,mix$ ,buddhism4 ,we say ,mix$ ,buddhism r ?an ,riybu ,%9t1 = ,%9t 0 less corrupt$ ?an swall[$ up1 :ile ,buddhism suff]$ "o m degree ( mixture & add$ "o m *apt] ( decay4 ,x increas$ 9 its visible body1 :ile 9 its m9d x became less & less ! religion ( ,buddha & m & m a ?+ ) ! old ,%9t he>t /ill 9 x1 mak+ a /range gr[? 9 ! eyes ( ! cont95tal believ]s4 ,to ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn 0 n[ add$ an ,ea/]n or ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,:o 0 ! wond]-work] t annex$ ! ,l& ( ! ,gods to ,buddhadom & re-read ! ,kojiki z a sutra1 & all ,japanese hi/ory & traditions z only a *apt] ( ! inc>nations ( ,buddha8 ,kb ! ,wond] ,work]4 ,! ,philo & ,euhem]us ( ,japan 0 ! prie/ ,kukai1 :o 0 born 9 ! prov9ce ( ,sanuki1 9 ! ye> #ggd4 ,he is bett] kn[n by 8 po/hum\s title ,kb ,dai%i1 or ! ,great ,tea*] :o promulgates ! ,law4 ,by ?is "n we %all call him4 ,ab\t 8 bir?1 life & dea?1 h multipli$ ! usual swaddl+ b&s ( ,japanese leg5d & tradition1#aj & to 8 tomb at ! temple on ,m\nt ,k-ya1 ! ,campo ,santo ( ,japanese ,buddhism1 /ill ga!r innum]able pilgrims4 ,! hall ( t5 ?\s& lamps1 ea* flame emblematic ( ! ,wisdom t saves1 is n1 inde$1 9 ^! days light$ annually z ( old2 b ! vulg> yet believe t ! great ma/] /ill lives 9 8 mausoleum1 9 a /ate ( pr(\ndly sil5t m$itation4 ,into ! hall ( bones ne> by1 cov]+ a deep pit1 ! tee? & ,adam's apple ( ! cremat$ bodies ( believ]s are ?r[n by _! relatives1 ?\gh ! pit is cle>$ out e ?ree ye>s4 ,! devotees believe t by ?us dispos+ ( ! tee? & ,adam's apple1 !y obta9 ! same spiritual privileges z if !y 7 actually entomb$ !re1 t is1 ( be+ born aga9 into ! heav5 ( ! ,bodhisattva or ! ,pure ,l& ( ,absolute ,bliss1 by virtue ( ! my/ic =mulas repeat$ by ! great ma/] 9 8 lifetime4 ,let u sket* ! life ( ,kb1 ,fir/ nam$ ,toto-mono1 or ,treasure1 by 8 p>5ts1 :o s5t him to ,kit to be educat$ = ! prie/hood1 ! y\? sp5t f\r ye>s 9 ! /udy ( ! ,*9ese classics4 ,dissatisfi$ ) ! tea*+s ( ,confucius1 he became a disciple ( a fam\s ,buddhi/ prie/1 nam$ ,iwabu*i 7,rock-edge or ?rone74 ,soon tak+ ^u himself ! v[s ( ! monk1 he 0 fir/ nam$ ,kukai1 mean+ space & sea1 or heav5 & e>?4#aa ,he ov]came ! dragons t assault$ him1 by pray]s1 by spitt+ at !m ! rays ( ! ev5+ /> :i* _h fl[n f heav5 into 8 m\? & by repeat+ ! my/ic =mulas call$ ,dh>ani4#ab ,annoy$ by hobgobl9s ) :om he 0 oblig$ to conv]se1 he got rid ( !m by surr\nd+ himself ) a consecrat$ imag9>y enclosure into :i* !y 7 unable to ent] aga9/ 8 w4 ,we m5tion ^! leg5ds only to call ! att5tion to ! fact t !y are b copies ( ^? already accept$ 9 ,*9a at t "t1 & are ! logical & natural fruit ( ! ,tantra s*ool at :i* we h glanc$4 ,9 #hjd1 ,kb 0 appo9t$ to visit ! ,middle ,k+dom z a gov]nm5t /ud5t4 ,by means ( 8 clev] p5 & calligraphic skill he won 8 way into ! ,*9ese capital4 ,he became ! favor$ disciple ( a prie/ :o taught him ! my/ic doctr9es ( ! ,yoga4 ,hav+ acquir$ ! :ole ( ! sy/em1 & equipp$ himself ) a l>ge libr>y ( ,buddhi/ doctr9al works & /ill m ) e sort ( ecclesia/ical furniture & religi\s goods1 he return$ to ,japan4 ,multitudes ( wond]s are report$ ab\t ,kb1 all ( :i* %[ ! gr[? ( ! ,tantra s*ool4 ,x is c]ta9 t 8 erudition 0 imm5se1 & t he 0 probably ! mo/ le>n$ man ( ,japan 9 t age1 & possibly ( any o!r age4 ,besides be+ a ,japanese ,ezra 9 multiply+ writ+s1 he is cr$it$ ) ! inv5tion ( ! hira-gana1 or runn+ script1 & if correctly s1 he des]ves on ?is acc\nt alone an immortal honor equal to t ( ,cadmus or ,sequoia4 ,! kana#ac is a syllab>y ( =ty-sev5 lett]s1 :i* by diacritical m>ks1 may be increas$ to sev5ty4 ,! kata-kana is ! squ>e or pr9t =m1 ! hira-kana is ! r\nd or grass "* = writ+4 ,?\gh n z valuable z a true phonetic alphabet1 su* z ! ,koreans & ! ,*]okees possess1 ! i-ro-ha1 or kana script1 ev5 ?\gh a syllab>y & n an alphabet1 0 a wond]ful aid to popul> writ+ & in/ruction4 ,evid5tly ! idea ( ! i-ro-ha1 or ,japanese ,,abc1 0 d]iv$ f ! ,sanskrit alphabet1 or1 :at "s mod]n ,anglo-,indian has call$ ! ,deva-,nag>i or ! god-alphabet4 ,!re is no evid5ce1 h[ev]1 to %[ t ,kb did m ?an arrange 9 ord] =ty-sev5 ( ! easie/ ,*9ese signs !n us$1 9 su* a mann] t !y convey$ 9 a few l9es ( dogg]el ! s5se ( a passage f a sutra 9 :i* ! mortality ( man & ! empt9ess ( all ?+s are taught1 & ! doctr9e ( ,nirvana is sugge/$4#ad ,hokusai1 ! arti/1 9 a sket* :i* embodies ! popul> idea ( ?is bonze's imm5se indu/ry1 repres5ts him copy+ ! %a/ras & sutras4 ,kb is on a seat be=e a l>ge upright %eet ( pap]4 ,he holds a bru%-p5 9 8 m\?1 & "o 9 ea* ( 8 h&s & feet1 all mov+ at once4#ae ,favorite portions ( ! ,buddhi/ scriptures 7 inde$ s rapidly multipli$ 9 ,japan 9 ! n9? c5tury1 z to sugge/ ! idea1 t1 ev5 9 ?is e>ly age1 block pr9t+ _h be5 import$ f ,*9a1 :5ce also aft]w>d1 9 all probability1 x 0 export$ into ,europe be=e ! days ( ,gut5b]g & ,co/]4#af ,! popul> imag9ation1 h[ev]1 0 m easily mov$ on see+ five bru%es kept at "w & all at once by ! muscles 9 ! f+]s1 toes & m\? ( "o man4 ,yet1 _h 8 life la/$ six hundr$ ye>s in/ead ( sixty1 he c\ld h>dly h grav5 all ! images1 scal$ all ! m\nta9 peaks1 conf\nd$ all ! sceptics1 wr\ght all ! miracles & p]=m$ all ! o!r feats ) :i* he is popul>ly cr$it$4#ag ,kb ,ir5icon4 ,kb inde$ 0 bo? ! ,philo & ,euhem]us ( ,japan1 plus a l>ge am\nt ( prie/ly cunn+ & :at 8 enemies insi/ 0 di%one/y & =g]y4 ,soon aft] 8 return f ,*9a1 he w5t to ! temples ( ,is1#ah ! mo/ holy place ( ,%9t4#ai ,tak+ a rev]5t attitude be=e ! *ief %r9e1 t ( ,toko ,uk ,bim no ,kami or ,abundant-,food-,lady-,god1 or ! deifi$ ,e>? z ! produc] ( food & ! uphold] ( all ?+s ^u its surface1 ! suppliant wait$ pati5tly :ile fa/+ & pray+4 ,9 ?is1 ,kb did b foll[ out ! ord9>y ,%9t plan = secur+ god-possession & obta9+ revelation2 t is1 by />v+ bo? ! /oma* & ! bra94#bj ,aft] a week's wait+ he obta9$ ! vision4 ,! ,food-possess+ ,goddess reveal$ to him ! yoke 7or ,yoga7 by :i* he c\ld h>ness ! native & ! import$ gods to ! *>iot ( victori\s ,buddhism4 ,%e manife/$ h]self to him & deliv]$ ! revelation on :i* 8 sy/em is f\nd$1 & :i*1 briefly /at$1 is z foll[s3 ,all ! ,%9t deities are avat>s or inc>nations ( ,buddha4 ,!y 7 manife/ations to ! ,japanese1 be=e ,gautama _h become ! enlight5$ "o1 or ! jewel 9 ! lotus1 & be=e ! holy :eel ( ! law or ! sacr$ %a/ras & sutras _h rea*$ ! isl& empire4 ,fur!r m1 provision 0 made = ! future gods & deifi$ holy ones1 :o 7 to proce$ f ! lo9s ( ! ,mikado1 or o!r ,japanese fa!rs1 accord+ to ! say+ ( ,buddha :i* is ?us record$ 9 a ,japanese popul> "w3 ,life has a limit$ span1 & naught may avail to ext5d x4 ,?is is manife/$ by ! imp]man5ce ( human be+s1 b yet1 :5ev] necess>y1 ,i w h]eaft] make my appe>ance f "t to "t z a god 7,kami71 a sage 7,confucian tea*]71 or a ,buddha 7,hotok74#ba ,9 a ^w1 ! ,%9t goddess talk$ z or?odox 7,yoga7 ,buddhism z ! anci5t *>act]s ( ! ,indian1 ,p]sian & pre-,islam-,arabic /ories 9 ! ,arabian ,nights n[ talk ! pure/ ,mohamm$anism4#bb ,accord+ to ! words put into ,gautama's m\? at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 ! ,buddha 0 already to reappe> 9 ! p>ticul> =m & 9 all ! =ms1 acceptable to ,%9ti/s1 ,confuciani/s1 or ,buddhi/s ( :atev] sect4 ,desc5d+ f ! %r9e ( vision & revelation1 ) a complete s*eme ( reconciliation1 ) correlat$ catalogues ( ,%9t & ,buddhi/ gods1 ) liturgies1 ) li/s ( old popul> fe/ivals newly nam$1 ) ! app>atus ( art to captivate ! s5ses1 ,kb =?) baptiz$ ea* native ,%9t deity ) a new ,*9ese-,buddhi/ic "n4 ,= e ,%9t fe/ival he arrang$ a correspond+ ,buddhi/'s sa9ts' day or gala "t4 ,!n1 tra9+ up a b& ( disciples1 he s5t !m =? proclaim+ ! new ir5icon4 ,! ,h9du ,yoga ,becomes ,japanese ,riybu4 ,x 0 j ! "t = ?is brilliant & able ecclesia/ic to succe$4 ,! p[] & p]sonal influ5ce ( ! ,mikado 7 weak5+1 ! c\rt sw>m$ ) monks1 ! ris+ milit>y classes 7 already safely "u ! control ( ! %avel+s1 & ! p5 ( le>n+ _h ev]y:]e prov$ itself mighti] ?an ! sword & muscle4 ,kb's p>ticul> dialectic weapons 7 ^? ( ! ,yoga-*>a1 or 9 ,japanese1 ! ,%+on ,%u1 or ,sect ( ! ,true ,^w4#bc ,he1 l 8 ,*9ese ma/]1 taught t we c atta9 ! /ate ( ! ,enlight5$ or ,buddha1 :ile 9 ! pres5t physical body :i* 0 born ( our p>5ts4 ,?is bran* ( ,buddhism is said to h be5 f\nd$ 9 ,india ab\t ,a4,d4 #bjj1 by a sa9t :o made ! discov]y ( an iron pagoda inhabit$ by ! holy "o1 ,vagrasattva1 :o communicat$ ! exact doctr9e to ^? :o h h&$ x d[n ?r\gh ! ,h9doo & ,*9ese patri>*s4 ,! books or scriptures ( ?is sect are 9 ?ree sutras2 yet ! ess5tial po9t 9 !m is ! ,m&ala or ! circle ( ! ,two ,p>ts1 or 9 ,japanese ,riybu4 ,introduc$ into ,*9a1 ,a4,d4 #gbj1 x is kn[n z ! ,yoga-*>a s*ool4 ,kb f9d+ a ,*9ese worm1 made a ,japanese dragon1 able to swall[ a national religion4 ,9 ! act ( deglutition & ! long process ( ! dige/ion ( ,%9t1 ,japanese ,buddhism became some?+ diff]5t f e o!r =m ( ! fai? 9 ,asia4 ,not$ above all previ\s developm5ts ( ,buddhism = its pan!i/ic t5d5cies1 ! ,%+on sect c\ld recognize 9 any ,%9t god1 demi-god1 h]o1 or be+1 ! avat> 9 a previ\s /age ( exi/5ce ( "s ,buddhi/ be+ ( correspond+ grade4 ,= example1#bd ,amatras or ,t5-,%-,dai-,j91 ! sun-goddess1 becomes ,dai ,ni*i ,nirai or ,amida1 ^: colossal effigies /& 9 ! bronze images ,dai ,butsu at ,n>a1 ,kito & ,kamakura4 ,oj91 ! god ( w>1 became ,ha*iman ,dai ,bosatsu1 or ! great ,bodhisattva ( ! ,eight ,bann]s4 ,adopt$ z _! patron by ! fight+ ,g5ji or ,m9amoto w>riors ( m$ival times1 ! ,buddhi/s c\ld n well af=d to h ?is popul> deity outside _! pan!on4 ,= ea* ( ! ?irty days ( ! mon?1 a ,bodhisattva1 or 9 ,japanese pronunciation ,bosatsu1 0 appo9t$4 ,ea* ( ^! ,bodhisattvas became a ,dai ,mi ,j9 or ,great ,enlight5$ ,_s1 & 0 repres5t$ z an avat> 9 ,japan ( ,buddha 9 ! previ\s ages1 :5 ! ,japanese 7 n yet prep>$ to receive ! holy law ( ,buddhism4 ,:]e !re 7 n en\gh ,dai ,mi ,j9 already exi/+ 9 native traditions to fill out ! numb] requir$ by ! new s*eme1 new titles 7 inv5t$4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,t5-j91 ,heav5ly be+ or _s4 ,! fam\s /atesman & s*ol> ( ! t5? c5tury1 ,sugaw>a ,mi*izan1 0 po/hum\sly nam$ ,t5j91 & is ev5 to ?is day wor%ipp$ by _m *ildr5 ( ,japan z he 0 =m]ly = a ?\s& ye>s by ne>ly all ( !m1 z ! div9e patron ( lett]s4 ,kompira1 ,b5t5 & o!r popul> deities1 (t5 consid]$ z prop]ly belong+ to ,%9t1 are evid5tly ! (fspr+ ( ,buddhi/ prie/ly +5uity4#be ,out ( ! eight millions or s ( native gods1 sev]al hundr$ 7 catalogu$ "u ! g5]al t]m ,gon-g51 or tempor>y manife/ations ( ,buddha4 ,9 ?is li/ are to be f\nd n only ! h]oes ( local tradition1 b ev5 deifi$ =ces ( nature1 su* z w9d & fire4 ,! cu/om ( mak+ gods ( great m5 aft] _! dea?1 ?us begun on a l>ge scale by ,kb1 has gone on = c5turies4 ,iyyas1 ! political unifi] ( ,japan1 %9es z a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude 9 ! heav5s ( ! ,riybu sy/em1 "u ! mime ( ,t-%-g1 or ,great ,light ( ! ,ea/4 ,! common p speak ( him z ,gon-g5 ,sama1 ! latt] ^w be+ an honor>y =m ( address = all be+s f a baby to a ,bosatsu4 ,9 ?is way1 ,kb arrang$ a sort ( cle>+-h\se or jo9t-/ock company 9 :i* ! ,bodhisattvas1 kami & o!r miscellane\s be+s1 9 ei!r ! native or =eign religion1 7 mutually int]*angeable4 ,9 a l>ge s5se1 ?is feat ( prie/ly dext]ity 0 b ! repetition 9 hi/ory1 ( t ( ,asanga ) ! ,brahmanism & ,buddhism ( ,india ?ree c5turies be=e4 ,x 0 ?is ,asanga :o wrote ! ,yoga-*>a ,bhumi4 ,! succession ( syncreti/s 9 ,india1 ,*9a & ,japan is ,asanga1 ,hiuki & ,kb4 ,! ,happy ,family ( ,riybu4 ,nev]!less ?is attempt at mak+ a happy family & pl\gh+ ) an ox & ass 9 ! same yoke1 has n be5 an unqualifi$ success4 ,x w sometimes happ5 t "o god escapes ! classification made by ! ,buddhi/s & slips into ! fold ( ,%9t1 or vice v]sa2 :ile aga9 ! label-mak]s & pa/]s--z num]\s 9 s*ola/ic ,buddhism z 9 sect>ian ,*ri/5dom--h h>d "w to make ! labels /ick4 ,a popul> ,gon-g5 or ,dai-,mi-j91 ^: "n & r5[n has = c5turies attract$ cr[ds ( pilgrims1 & yield$ fat rev5ues z regul>ly z ! autumn h>ve/s1 is n readily surr5d]$ by ! old ,buddhi/ proprietors1 h[ev] clev]ly or craftily ! bonzes may yield outw>d con=mity to gov]nm5tal edicts4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ef=ts1 bo? ar*aeological & practical1 :i* h be5 made 9 rec5t ye>s by fi]cely zeal\s ,%9ti/s1 savor ( ! sm>tness ( ,new ,japan m ?an !y sugge/ ei!r s9c]ity or edification4 ,x (t5 requires ! f9e/ tact on ! "p ( bo? ! /r5u\s ,buddhi/s & ! /alw>t puri/s ( ,%9t1 to extricate ! v>i\s gods out ( ! mixture & mess ( ,riybu ,%9t1 & to keep !m f jo/l+ ea* o!r4 ,?is reclaim+ & kidnapp+ ( gods & transf]r+ !m f "o camp to ano!r1 has be5 especially active s9ce #ahgj1 :51 "u gov]nm5t auspices1 ! ,riybu temples 7 purg$ ( all ,buddhi/ idols1 furniture & influ5ces4 ,! t]m ,dai ,mi ,j91 or ,great ,illu/ri\s ,_s1 is no long] (ficially p]mitt$ to be us$ ( ! old kami or gods ( ,%9t1 :o 7 kn[n to h exi/$ be=e ! days ( ,kb4 ,9 "s cases ^! gods h lo/ mu* ( ! e/eem 9 :i* !y 7 held = c5turies4 ,especially is ?is true ( ! infam\s rebel ( ! t5? c5tury1 ,masakado4#bf ,on ! entrance into ,y$o ( ! ,imp]ial army1 9 #ahfh1 8 idol 0 torn f its %r9e & hack$ to pieces by ! patriots4 ,8 place z a deity 7,k&a ,dai ,mi ,j91 or ,great ,illu/ri\s ,_s ( ,k&a7 0 tak5 by ano!r deifi$ be+1 a bro!r to ! aborig9al e>?-god :o1 9 ! ages ( ! ,kami1 resign$ 8 ?rone 9 favor ( ! ,mikado's ance/ors :5 !y desc5d$ f ,heav54 ,! apo!osis ( ! rebel ,masakado _h be5 resort$ to by ! ,buddhi/ canoniz]s because ! unquiet _s ( ! dead man tr\bl$ ! p4 ,?is me?od ( lay+ a gho/ by mak+ a god ( him1 0 = c5turies a favorite "o 9 ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,inde$1 a l>ge "p ( ! practical & p>o*ial duties ( ! bonzes consi/s 9 quiet+ ! re/less spirits ( ! dep>t$4 ,all ,japanese popul> religion ( ! pa/ has be5 int5sely local & patriotic4 ,! anci5t idea t ,nippon 0 ! fir/ c\ntry creat$ & ! c5tre ( ! _w1 has p]si/$ ?r\gh ! ages1 modify+ e import$ religion4 ,h5ce ! noticeable fact 9 ,japanese ,buddhism1 ( ! comp>ative degradation ( ! ,h9du deities & ! exaltation ( ^? :i* 7 native to ! soil4 ,! normal ,japanese1 be he prie/ or lay bro!r1 !ologian or /atesman1 is no?+ if n patriotic4 ,ev5 ! ,*9ese gods & goddesses :i*1 clo!d 9 ,indian drap]y & /ill pres]v+ _! ,aryan features1 7 import$ to ,japan1 c\ld n hold _! own 9 competition ) ! popul>ity ( ! indig5\s inhabitants ( ! ,japanese pan!on4 ,! normal ,japanese eye does n see ! ideals ( beauty 9 ! human face & =m 9 common ) ! ,aryan vision4 ,b5t5 or ,knanon1 ) ! features & drap]y ( ! homelike beauties ( ,yamato or ,adzuma1 h ev] be5 m lovely to ! admir+ eye ( ! ,japanese sailor & f>m]1 ?an ! ,aryan features ( ! idols import$ f ,india4 ,s also1 ! wor%ipp] to :om ! lovely sc5]y ( ,japan 0 fre% f ! h&s ( ! kami :o 7 s mu* l himself1 turn$ naturally 9 pref]5ce1 to ! gods _m ( 8 own l&4 ,succe$+ c5turies only made x worse = ! import$ devas or gods1 :ile ! kami1 or ! gods sprung f ! soil creat$ by ,izanami & ,izanagi /eadily rose 9 honor4 ,degradation ( ! ,=eign ,deities4 ,= example1 ! ,indian sa9t ,dh>ma is reput$ to h come to ! ,dragon-fly ,c\ntry long be=e ! adv5t ( ,buddhism1 b ! p 7 n ready = him or 8 tea*+s1 & !re=e he return$ to ,india4 ,s at lea/ decl>es ! book entitl$ ,san ,kai ,ri#bg 7,m\nta91 ,sea & ,e>?71 :i* is a re-read+ & explanation ( ,japanese my?ology & tradition z record$ 9 ! ,kojiki1 by a ,kit prie/ ( ! ,%9 ,%u ,sect4 ,( ?is ,dh>ma1 x is said1 t he outdid ! ,roman ,regulus :o suff]$ involunt>y loss ( 8 eyelids at ! h&s ( ! ,c>?ag9ians4 ,dh>ma cut (f 8 own eyelids1 because he c\ld n keep awake4#bh ,?r[+ ! (f5d+ fle% ^u ! gr\nd1 he saw ! tea-plant arise to help holy m5 to keep vigil4 ,d>uma1 z ! ,japanese spell 8 "n1 has a temple 9 c5tral ,japan4 ,x is relat$ t :5 ,%toku1 ! fir/ patron ( ,buddhism1 0 "o day walk+ abroad he f\nd a poor man dy+ ( hung]1 :o refus$ to answ] any que/ions or give 8 "n4 ,%toku ord]$ food to be giv5 him1 & wrapp$ 8 own mantle r\nd him4 ,next day ! begg> di$1 & ! pr9ce *>itably _h him buri$ on ! spot4 ,%ortly aft]w>d x 0 obs]v$ t ! mantle 0 ly+ neatly fold$ up1 on ! tomb1 :i* on exam9ation prov$ to be empty4 ,! suppos$ dy+ begg> 0 no o!r ?an ! ,indian ,sa9t ,dh>ma1 & a pagoda 0 built ov] ! grave1 9 :i* images ( ! prie/ & sa9t 7 en%r9$4#bi ,yet1 alas1 to-day ,d>uma ! ,h9doo & =eign]1 despite 8 avat>1 8 humility1 8 vigils & 8 self-mutilation1 has be5 degrad$ to be ! %op-sign ( ! tobacconi/s4 ,besides be+ ru?lessly c>icatur$1 he is usually pictur$ ) a sc[l1 8 lidless eyes z wide op5 z ^? ^u a ,*9ese junk-pr[ or an ,egyptian c(f9-lid4 ,(t5 ev51 he has a pipe 9 8 m\?--a comical ana*ronism1 sugge/ive to ! smok] ( ! d>k ages t knew no tobacco1 be=e nicot9e made ! :ole _w ( savage & ( civiliz$ k94 ,legless dolls & sn[-m5 are nam$ aft] ?is =eign]1 ^: "n is associat$ almo/ entirely ) :at is ludicr\s4 ,on ,kb's exp\nd+ 8 s*eme to ! ,mikado1 ! emp]or 0 s pleas$ ) 8 s]vant's +5uity1 t he gave x ! "n ( ,riybu#cj ,%9t2 t is1 ! two-fold div9e doctr9e1 d\ble way ( ! gods1 or amalgamat$ !ology4 ,h5ce=? ! ,japanese c\ld ent] ,nirvana or ,p>adise ?r\gh a two-leav$ gate4 ,z = ! p1 !y also 7 pleas$1 z !y usually are :5 *ange or re=m does n mean abolition ( ! old fe/ivals1 or ( ! wa%+s1 s\s+s1 & fun at ! tombs ( _! ance/ors 9 ! gravey>ds1 or ! m]ry-mak+s1 or ! pilgrimages1#ca :i* are usually only o!r names = social recreation1 & (t5 = s5sual debau*4 ,! ,yoga _h become a kubiki1 = ,%9t & ,buddhism 7 n[ h>ness$ toge!r1 n inde$ z true yoke-fell[s1 b yet jo9$ z insep>ably z two ox5 mak+ ! same furr[4 ,_m a miya n[ became a t]a4 ,at fir/ 9 _m edifices1 ! rites ( ,%9t & ,buddhism 7 alt]nately p]=m$4 ,! ,buddhi/ symbols might be 9 ! front1 & ! ,%9ti/ 9 ! re> ( ! sacr$ hall1 or vice v]sa1 ) a bamboo curta9 betwe52 b gradually ! two bl5d$4 ,in/ead ( au/]e simplicity1 ! ,%9t int]ior conta9$ a museum ( idols4 ,image c>v]s _h n[ pl5ty to d 9 mak+1 out ( camphor or h9oki wood1 effigies ( su* ( ! eight million or s ( kamis z 7 giv5 places 9 ! new & enl>g$ pan!on4 ,! multiplication 0 always on ! side ( ,buddhism4 ,soon1 also1 ! ar*itecture 0 alt]$ f ! type ( ! primitive hut1 to t ( ! l[ ,*9ese temple ) great sweep+ ro(1 re-curv$ eaves1 _m-column$ auditorium & impos+ gateway1 ) lacqu]1 pa9t1 gild+ & ceil+s1 on :i*1 9 blaz+ gold & color1 7 depict$ ! emblems ( ! ,buddhi/ p>adise4 ,_m ( ^! /ill rema9 ev5 aft] ! national purgation ( #ahgj1 j z ! ,*ri/ian inscriptions survive 9 ! m>ble palimpse/s ( ,mahometan mosques1 conv]t$ f basilicas1 at ,damascus or ,con/ant9ople4 ,! torii 0 no long] rais$ 9 pla9 h9oki wood1 b 0 n[ con/ruct$ ( hewn /one1 r\nd$ or poli%$4 ,sometimes x 0 ev5 ( bronze ) gild$ cre/s & ,sanskrit monograms1 surm\nt$1 x may be1 ) tablets ( pa9t$ or /a9$ wood1 on :i* 7 ,*9ese lett]s glitt]+ ) gold4 ,?is dep>ture f ! primitive idea ( us+ only ! natural trunks ( trees1 some:at on ! pr9ciple ( ,exodus1 #bj3be1cb 0 a radical "o 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,! elongat$ b>rels ) iron hoops1 or ! rivet$ boil]-plate & /ove-pipe patt]n1 9 ?is era ( ,meiji is a /ill m radical & ev5 sc&al\s innovation4 ,%9t ,buri$ 9 ,buddhism4 ,s complete 0 ! victory ( ,riybuism1 t = ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s ,%9t z a religion1 except 9 a few isolat$ spots1 ceas$ f sight & sank to a m]e my?ology or to ! %ad[ ( a my?ology4 ,! v k ev5 ( ! anci5t traditions 0 lo/ 9 ! ,buddhaiz$ =ms 9 :i* ! old /ories#cc 7 ca/1 or 9 ! omnipres5t ritual ( ! ,buddhi/ t]a4 ,yet1 aft] all1 x is a "q z to :i* suff]$ mo/1 ,buddhism or ,%9t4 ,:o c tell :i* 0 ! base & :i* 0 ! true metal 9 ! alloy t 0 =m$8 ,! ,san ,kai ,ri %[s h[ sup]/iti\s manifold became imb$d$ 9 ,buddhism4 ,x 0 n alone ?r\gh ! ,%+on sect1 :i* ,kb introduc$1 t ?is ,yoga or union came4 ,9 ! o!r great sect call$ ! ,t5dai1 & 9 ! lat] sects1 m especially 9 t ( ,ni*ir51 ! same pr9ciple ( absorption 0 foll[$4 ,^! sects also adopt$ _m elem5ts d]iv$ f ! god-way & ?us became ,%9tiz$4 ,inde$1 x seems c]ta9 t t va/ developm5t ( ,japanese ,buddhism1 peculi> to ,japan & unkn[n to ! re/ ( ! ,buddhi/ _w1 sc\t$ by ! ,s\!rn ,buddhi/s z dreadful h]esy1 & r\s+ ! indignation ( /ud5ts ( e>ly ,buddhism1 l ,max ,mll] & ,pr(essor ,:itney1 is l>gely ow+ to ?is attempt$ dige/ion ( ,japanese my?ology4 ,! anaconda may inde$ be able1 by reason ( its m>vell\sly flexible jaws & its abundant activity ( saliv>y gl&s1 to swall[ ! calf1 & ev5 ! ox2 b sometimes ! s]p5t is kill$ by its own voracity1 or at lea/ made helpless be=e ! de/roy+ hunt]4 ,:5 sweet potatoes & pumpk9s are plant$ 9 ! same hill1 & ! cook$ product comes on ! table1 x is h>d to tell :e!r x is tub] or holl[ fruit1 subt]ranean or sup]ficial gr[?1 t we are eat+4 ,s 9 ,riybu1 :e!r x be mo/ imo or kabo*a is a fair "q4 ,if ! ,buddhism 9 ,japan did b add a *apt] ( decay & degradation to ! religion ( ! ,light ( ,asia1 is n ?is ow+ to ! act ( ,kb--ju/ifi$ inde$ by ^? :o imitat$ 8 example1 yet h>dly to be call$ hone/8 ,a /roke ( ecclesia/ical dext]ity1 x may h be51 b sc>cely a lawful example or an illu/ri\s & comm5dable specim5 ( syncretism 9 religion4 ,_m /ud5ts h ask$ :at is ! peculi>1 ! *>act]i/ic diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,buddhism ( ,japan & ! o!r ,buddhisms ( ! ,asian cont95t4 ,if !re be "o cause1 lead+ all o!rs1 we incl9e to believe x is because ,japanese ,buddhism is n ! ,buddhism ( ,gautama1 b is s l>gely ,riybu or ,mix$4 ,yet 9 ! alloy1 :i* +r$i5t has pres]v$ mo/ ( its qualities8 ,is ,japanese ,buddhism really ,%9tiz$ ,buddhism1 or ,buddhaiz$ ,%9t8 ,:i* is ! p>asite & :i* ! p>asitiz$8 ,is ! h]mit crab ,%9t1 & ! %ell ,buddhism1 or vice v]sa8 ,ab\t z _m corrupt elem5ts f ,%9t ent]$ into ! v>i\s ,buddhi/ sects z ,buddhism gave to ,%9t4 ,?is process ( ,%9tiz+ ,buddhism or ( ,buddhaiz+ ,%9t--t is1 ( comb9+ ,%9t or purely ,japanese ideas & practices ) ! sy/ems import$ f ,india1 w5t on = five c5turies4 ,! old native habits & m5tal *>act]i/ics 7 n eradicat$ or pr(\ndly modifi$2 !y 7 r safely pres]v$ 9 s-call$ ,buddhism1 n inde$ z dead flies 9 amb] b z live creatures1 fatt5+ on a body1 :i*1 e ye>1 :ile keep+ outw>d =m & "n1 0 be+ empti$ ( its normal & typical life4 ,x is no ga9 to pure wat] to add ei!r microbes or ! food :i* n\ri%es !m4 ,buddhism ,writes ,new ,*apt]s ( ,decay4 ,ph5om5ally1 ! victory 0 t ( ,buddhism4 ,! mu/>d-se$ has inde$ become a great tree1 lodg+ e f[l ( heav51 clean & unclean2 b pot5tially & 9 reality1 ! leav5+ p[]1 z n[ se51 seems to h be5 t ( ,%9t4 ,or1 to *ange metaphor1 s9ce ! h]mit crab & ! %ell 7 sep>at$ by law only "o g5]ation ago1 9 #ahgj1 we %all soon1 be=e _m g5]ations1 disc]n cle>ly :i* has ! life & :i* has only ! %ell4#cd ,!re are b few lit]>y monum5ts#ce ( ,riybuism1 & x has left few or no m>ks 9 ! native *ronicles1 misnam$ hi/ory1 :i* utt]ly omit or ignore s _m ?+s int]e/+ to ! /ud5t & humani/4#cf ,yet to ?is mixture or amalgamation ( ,buddhism ) ,%9t1 m probably ?an to any o!r direct influ5ce1 may also be ascrib$ t /rik+ alt]ation 9 ! sy/em ( ,*9ese e?ics or ,confucianism :i* diff]5tiates ! ,japanese =m f t preval5t 9 ,*9a4 ,t is1 in/ead ( filial piety1 ! relation ( p>5t & *ild1 occupy+ ! fir/ place1 loyalty1 ! relation ( "l & reta9]1 ma/] & s]vant1 became supreme4 ,al?\gh ,buddhism made ! ,mikado fir/ a ,k+ 7,t5n7 or ,son ( ,heav5 7,t5-,%i71 & !n a monk 7,h-71 & aft] 8 dea? a ,hotok or ,buddhi/ deity1 x caus$ him e>ly to abdicate f actual life4 ,buddhism is ?us directly responsible = ! habitual ,japanese resignation f active life almo/ z soon z x is ent]$1 by m5 9 all classes4 ,buddhism />t$ all along & d[n ?r\gh ! l9es ( ,japanese society ! idea ( e>ly retirem5t f duty2 s t m5 7 consid]$ old at =ty1 & hors conc\rs be=e =ty-five4#cg ,life 0 condemn$ z vanity ( vanities be=e x 0 mature1 & old age a fri5d t nobody wi%$ to meet1#ch al?\gh ,japanese old age is b ,european prime4 ,9 a measure1 ,buddhism is ?us responsible = ! p>alysis ( ,japanese civilization1 :i*1 l (t-tapp$ maple-trees1 began to die at ! top4 ,?is 0 9 accordance ) its !ories & its lit]ature4 ,9 ! ,bible !re is1 possibly1 "o book :i* is pessimi/ic 9 tone1 ,ecclesia/es4 ,9 ! bulky & dropsical canon ( ,buddhism !re is a :ole libr>y ( despond5cy & despair4 ,nev]!less1 ! e?ical elem5t held its own 9 ! ,japanese m9d2 & aga9/ ! pessimism & pu]ility ( ,buddhism & ! religi\s empt9ess ( ,%9t1 ! bond ( ,japanese society 0 s\ght 9 ! idea ( loyalty4 ,:ile !n1 z we repeat1 ev]y?+ t comes to ! ,japanese m9d suff]s z x 7 a sea *ange1 into some?+ new & /range1 is x n fair to say t ! *ange made by ,kb 0 at ! exp5se ( ,buddhism z a sy/em1 & t ! ?+ t suff]$ rev]sion 0 ! exotic r ?an ! native plant8 ,=1 9 ! em]g5ce ( ?is new idea ( loyalty z supreme1 ,%9t & n ,buddhism 0 ! dictator4 ,ev5 m aft] ,kb's dea? ?an dur+ 8 life1 ,japan improv$ ^u h] import$ fai?1 & rapidly develop$ new sects ( all degrees ( reputabl5ess & disreputabl5ess4 ,_h ,kb liv$ on ?r\gh ! c5turies1 z ! boors /ill believe2#ci he c\ld n h /opp$1 _h he s desir$1 ! work+s ( ! leav5 he _h br\ght f ,*9a4 ,f ! six? to ! twelf? c5tury1 0 ! mission>y age ( ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,!n foll[$ two c5turies ( amaz+ developm5t ( doctr9e4 ,novelties 9 religion blossom$1 fruit$ & became monum5ts z p]man5t z ! age-endur+ =e/s ,hakon1 or ,nikk4 ,gautama himself1 7 he to return to r$ e>? aga91 c\ld n recognize 8 own cult 9 ,japan4 ,9 ,*9a to-day ,buddhism is 9 a bad /ate4 ,"o writ] calls x1 ,! emasculat$ desc5dant t n[ occupies ! l& ) its drone ( prie/s & its temples1 9 :i* sc>ce a wor?y disciple ( ! le>n$ patri>*s ( anci5t days is to be f\nd4 ,receiv$ ) op5 arms1 p]secut$1 patroniz$1 smil$ ^u1 tol]at$1 x ) ! la/ phase ( its exi/5ce1 has rea*$1 n ! halcyon days ( peace & re/1 b its f9al /age1 =e%ad[+ its decay f rott5ness & corruption4#dj ,s also1 9 a l report1 agree _m witnesses4 ,! common p ( ,*9a are to-day ,taoi/s r ?an ,buddhi/s4#da ,if ?is be ! position 9 ,*9a1 some?+ n v f> f x is f\nd 9 ,japan to-day4 ,:atev] may be ! ,buddhism ( ! few le>n$ s*ol>s1 :o h imbib$ ! critical & sci5tific _s ( ,*ri/5dom1 & :atev] be ! pr(essions & repres5tations ( its e>ne/ adh]5ts & p>tisans1 x is c]ta9 t popul> ,buddhism is bo? e?ically & vitally 9 a l[ /ate4 ,9 outw>d array ! sy/em is /ill impos+4 ,!re are yet1 x may be1 millions ( /one /atues & :ole =e/s ( wayside effigies1 outdoors & unro($--irrev]5tly call$ by ! ,japanese !mselves1 wet gods4 ,ho/s ^u ho/s ( lacqu]$ & gild$ images 9 wood1 %elt]$ "u ! temple tiles or %+les1 /ill attract wor%ipp]s4 ,despite %iploads ( copp] ,buddhas export$ z old metal to ,europe & ,am]ica1 & ?\s&s ( tons ( gods & imps melt$ into co9 or cannon1 !re are myriads ( metal rem9d]s ( ^? fruits ( a religion t once educat$ & satisfi$2 b ^! are1 9 ! ma91 no long] to ! natives in/rum5ts ( inspiration or compell]s to en?usiasm4 ,9 ?is "t ( practical *>ity1 !y are poor sub/itutes = ^? hospitals & orphan asylums :i* 7 practically unkn[n 9 ,japan until ! adv5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,kb's sm>t example has be5 foll[$ only too well by ! p 9 e "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,"o has b to read ! /acks ( books ( local hi/ory to see :at an amaz+ proportion ( leg5ds1 ideas1 sup]/itions & revelations re/s on dreams2 h[ incr$ibly num]\s are ! app>itions2 h[ (t5 ! float+ images ( ,buddha are f\nd on ! wat]2 h[ frequ5tly fl[]s h ra9$ out ( ! sky2 h[ _m times ! idols h spok5 or %ot =? _! dazzl+ rays--9 a ^w2 h[ (t5 art & artifices h become alleg$ & accept$ reality4 ,un=tunately1 ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is lit]ature & und]gr[? ( idol lore are monotony & lack ( orig9ality2 = ne>ly all are copies ( ,kb's model4 ,8 c>toon has be5 con/antly be=e ! busy weav]s ( leg5d4 ,x may inde$ be said1 & said truly1 t 9 its multiplication ( sects & 9 its gr[? ( leg5d & sup]/ition1 ,buddhism has b foll[$ e kn[n religion1 includ+ traditional ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,yet popul> ,buddhism has rea*$ a po9t :i* %[s1 t1 in/ead ( hav+ a self-purgative & self-re=m+ p[]1 x is app>5tly /ill tread+ 9 ! /eps ( ! degradation :i* ,kbbegan4 ,! ,sev5 ,gods ( ,good ,=tune4 ,we repeat x1 ,riybu ,buddhism is ,japanese ,buddhism ) v5geance4 ,x is to-day suff]+ f ! effect ( its own s9s4 ,its +wa is manife/4 ,take1 = example1 ! little gr\p ( div9ities kn[n z ! ,sev5 ,gods ( ,good ,=tune1 :i* =ms a popul> app5dage to ,japanese ,buddhism & :i* are a direct & logical gr[? ( ! "w done by ,kb1 z %[n 9 8 ,riybu sy/em4 ,n f =eign writ]s & _! fancies1 nor ev5 f ! books :i* pr(ess to describe ^! div9ities1 d we get su* an idea ( _! real mean+ & ( _! influ5ce ) ! p1 z we d by obs]vation ( e-day practice1 & a /udy ( ! idols !mselves & ( ,japanese folk-lore1 popul> romance1 local hi/ory & guidebooks4 ,^? famili> div9ities1 inde$1 at ! pres5t day owe _! vitality r to ! arti/s ?an to prie/s1 &1 x may be1 h receiv$1 toge!r ) "s r rude h&l+1 ne>ly ! :ole ( _! ext5d$ popul>ity & influ5ce f _! lay support]s4 ,! ,sev5 ,happy ,gods ( ,=tune =m nom9ally a ,buddhi/ assemblage1 & _! effigies on ! kami-dana or god-%elf1 f\nd 9 ne>ly e ,japanese h\se1 are univ]sally visible4 ,! *ild 9 ,japan is rock$ to sleep by ! soo?+ s\nd ( ! lullaby1 :i* is (t5 a pray] to ^! gods4 ,ev5 ?\gh x may be ) laugh+ & m]rim5t1 t1 9 _! "n ! evil gods & imps are exorcis$ annually on ,new ,ye>'s eve1 ) %[]s ( beans :i* are suppos$ to be z disagreeable to ! ,buddhi/ demons z drops ( holy wat] to ! ,devil1 yet few h\seholds are complete )\t "o or m ( ! images or ! pictures ( ^! favorite deities4 ,! sep>ate elem5ts ( ?is conglom]ate1 s typical ( ,japanese religion1 are f no few] ?an f\r diff]5t s\rces3 ,brahmanism1 ,buddhism1 ,taoism & ,%9tism4 ,?us1 ,bi%amon is ! ,buddhi/ ,vis'ramana#db & ! ,brahmanic ,kuv]a2 ,b5t5 is ,s>asvat1 ! wife ( ,brahm2 ,daikoku is an extremely popul>is$ =m ( ,mahakala1 ! black-fac$ ,temple ,gu>dian2 ,hoti has ,taoi/ attributes1 b is reg>d$ z an inc>nation ( ,mitrey1 ! ,buddhi/ ,messiah2 ,fuku-roku-jiu is ( purely ,taoi/ orig91 & is p]haps a p]sonification ( ,lao-,tsze himself2 ,ju-r-j9 is almo/ c]ta9ly a duplicate ( ,fuku-roku-jiu2 &1 la/ly1 ,ebisu1 z ! son ( ,izanagi & ,izanami1 is a contribution f ! ,%9t h]o-wor%ip4#dc ,if ,riybu ,buddhism be two-fold1 "h is a texture or amalgam t is %i-bu1 f\r-fold4 ,let u wat* le/ g-bu1 ) ,*ri/ianity mix$ 91 be ! next result ( ! process4 ,to play ! ,japanese game ( g-ban1 ) ,*ri/ianity z ! fif? c\nt]1 & ,jesus z a ,pale/9ian avat> ( "s ,dhyani ,buddha1 crafty prie/s 9 ,japan are ev5 n[ plann+4 ,?is illu/ration ( ! ,sev5 ,gods ( ,happ9ess1 ^: local *>act]s1 functions & relations h be5 develop$ especially )9 ! la/ ?ree or f\r hundr$ ye>s1 is b "o ( _m t c\ld be adduc$1 %[+ :at proce$$ on a l>g] scale4 ,! ,riybu process made x almo/ impossible = ! av]age native to draw ! l9e betwe5 hi/ory & my?ology4 ,x de/roy$ ! b\nd>y l9es1 z ,pan!ism inv>iably does1 betwe5 fact & fiction1 tru? & falsehood4 ,! ,japanese m9d1 by a natural1 possibly by a racial1 t5d5cy1 falls easily into ,pan!ism1 :i* may be call$ ! de/roy] ( b\nd>ies & ! mak] ( *aos & ooze4 ,pretty mu* all e>ly ,japanese hi/ory is ooze2 yet !re are grave & le>n$ m51 ev5 9 ! ,con/itutional ,japan ( ! ,miji era--ma/]s 9 _! arts & pr(essions1 graduates ( te*nical & philosophical c\rses--:o solemnly talk ab\t _! fir/ emp]or asc5d+ ! ?rone1 ,b4,c4 #ffj1 & to :om ! dragon-born1 e>ly ,mikados1 & _! fell[-tribesm51 se5 ?r\gh ! exagg]at$ mi/s ( ! ,kojiki1 are div9e p]sonages4 ,! ,gon-g5 9 ! ,processions4 ,:ile liv+ 9 ,japan betwe5 #ahgj & #ahgd1 ! writ] us$ to enjoy wat*+ & /udy+ ! long processions :i* celebrat$ ! f\ndation ( temples1 national or local fe/ivals1 or ! completion ( "s great public ent]prise1 su* z ! railway betwe5 ,tkio & ,yokohama4 ,9 ri* co/ume1 decoration1 & repres5tation mo/ ( ! cultus-objects 7 m>vels ( art & skill4 ,besides ! gala dresses & uni=ms1 ! fanta/ic decorations & p]sonal adornm5ts1 ! dances :i* repres5t$ ! com$ies & trag$ies ( ! gods & ! /rik+ sc5es 9 ! ,kojiki1 !re wore colossal images ( ,kami1 ,bodhisattvas1 ,gon-g51 ,dai ,mi ,j91 & ( imps1 oni1 my?ical animal =ms & imag9>y mon/]s4#dd ,m int]e/+ ?an any?+ else1 h[ev]1 7 ! male & female figures1 set high ^u triumphal c>s hav+ _m ti]s1 & array$ 9 *>act]i/ic primeval1 anci5t1 m$ieval1 or e>ly mod]n dress4 ,"s 7 ( sc[l+1 o!rs ( b5ign visage4 ,9 "s ye>s1 ev]yone ( ! eight hundr$ & eight /reets ( ,y$o s5t its contribution ( m51 money1 decorations1 or vehicles4 ,z se5 by f\r k9ds ( spectators1 ! av]age ignorant native1 ! ,%9ti/1 ! le>n$ ,buddhi/1 & ! critical hi/orical s*ol>1 ^! effigies repres5t$ ?ree diff]5t *>act]s or creations4 ,especially 7 ^? div9e p]sonages call$ ,gon-g5 wor? ! /udy ( ! =eign obs]v]4 7#a7 ,! common boor or /reetman salut$1 = example1 ?is or t ,dai ,mi ,j91 z ! great illu/ri\s _s or god ( its p>ticul> di/rict4 ,to ?is _s & image he pray$2 9 8 honor he made (f]+s2 8 wra? he fe>$2 & 8 smile he hop$ to w91 = ! ,gon-g5 0 a div9e be+4 7#b7 ,to ! ,%9ti/1 :o hat$ ,buddhism & ! ,riybu ,%9t :i* _h ov]laid 8 ance/ral fai?1 & :o scorn$ & taboo$ ?is ,*9ese t]m ,dai ,mi ,j91 ?is or t image repres5t$ a div9e ance/or ^: "n _h 9 x _m ,japanese syllables1 ) no defil+ ,*9ese s\nds1 & :o 0 ! ,kami or patron deity ( ?is or t neighborhood4 7#c7 ,to ! ,buddhi/1 ?is or t p]sonage1 9 8 lifetime1 9 ! e>ly ages ( ,japanese hi/ory1 _h be5 an avat> ( ,buddha :o _h appe>$ 9 human fle% & br\ght bless+s to ! p & neighborhood2 yet ! p ( ! e>ly ages be+ unprep>$ to receive 8 doctr9e or revelation1 he _h n !n reveal$ or prea*$ x2 b n[1 z = a ?\s& ye>s s9ce ! "t ( ! illu/ri\s & sa9tly ,kb1 he _h 8 "r "n & receiv$ 8 j honors & wor%ip z an avat> ( ! et]nal ,buddha4 ,s1 al?\gh ,buddhi/ & ,%9ti/ might qu>rel z to 8 title1 & divide1 ev5 to ang]1 on m9or po9ts1 !y w\ld bo? agree 9 lett+ ! common p take _! pleasure1 enjoy ! fe/ivals & m]rim5t1 & pres]ve _! rev]5ce & wor%ip4 7#d7 ,/ill ano!r spectator /udi$ ) critical int]e/ ! sway+ figure high 9 air4 ,) a ta/e = ar*aeology1 he admir$ ! accuracy ( ! drap]y & associations4 ,he 0 amus$1 x may be1 ) occasional ana*ronisms z to g>m5ts or equipm5ts4 ,he knew t ! orig9al ( ?is p]sonage _h be5 no?+ m ?an a human be+1 :o might inde$ h be5 conspicu\s z a brave soldi] 9 w>1 or z a skilful physician :o help$ to /op ! plague1 or z a civiliz] :o import$ new food or improv$ agriculture4 ,9 a ^w1 _h ?is subject ( ! anci5t ,mikado liv$ 9 mod]n ,*ri/5dom1 he might be honor$ ?r\gh ! gov]nm5t1 pat5t (fice1 privy c\ncil1 ! admiralty1 ! univ]sity1 or ! academy1 z ! case or wor? might be4 ,he might %9e 9 a pla/ic repres5tation by ! sculptor or arti/1 or be kn[n 9 ! popul> lit]ature2 b he w\ld nev] receive religi\s wor%ip1 or aught beyond honor & praise4 ,9 ?is swamp+ ( hi/ory 9 leg5d & ( fact 9 dogma1 we behold ! fruit ( ,kb's "w1 ,riybu ,buddhism4 ,kb's ,"w ,undone4 ,buddhism calls itself ! jewel 9 ! lotus4 ,japanese poetry asks ( ! dewdrop :y1 hav+ ! he>t ( ! lotus = its home1 does x pret5d to be a gem8 ,= a ?\s& ye>s ,riybu ,buddhism 0 receiv$ z a pure brilliant ( ! fir/ wat]1 & !n ! s*ol>%ip ( ! ,%9t revivali/s ( ! eighte5? c5tury expos$ ! fraudul5t nature ( ! unrelat$ p>ts & decl>$ t ! jewel call$ ,riybu 0 b a craftsman's d\blet & %\ld be split ap>t4 ,only a spl9t] ( diamond1 !y decl>$1 cr[n$ a mass ( pa/e4 ,indignation made le>n+ hot1 & 9 #ahgj ! cem5t 0 liquefi$ 9 civil w>4 ,! d\blet 0 r5t asund] by imp]ial decree1 z :5 a lapidi/ melts ! ma/ic t holds 9 deception adamant & glass1 :ile real diamond /&s all fire %ort ( ! hydro-oxyg5 flame4 ,! ,riybu temples 7 purg$ ( all ,buddhi/ symbols1 furniture1 equipm5t & p]sonnel1 & 7 made aga9 to assume _! augu/ & au/]e simplicity4 ,9 ! eyes ( ! purely ae/hetic critic1 ?is national purgation 0 ,puritanical iconoclasm2 9 ^? ( ! prie/s1 ca/ out to e>n rice elsewise & else:]e1 x 0 outrage1 :i* 9 individual in/ances call$ = reprisal 9 blood1 fire & assass9ation2 to ! ,%9ti/1 x 0 an exhibition ( ! righte\s judgm5t ( ! long-insult$ gods2 9 ! k5 ( ! critical /ud5t1 x seems v mu* l hi/oric & poetic ju/ice4 ,9 our day & "t1 ,riybu ,buddhism furni%es u ) a w>n+1 =1 look$ at f a purely human po9t ( view1 :at happ5$ to ,%9t may possibly happ5 to ,japanese ,*ri/ianity4 ,! successors ( ^? :o1 9 ! n9? c5tury1 did n scruple to ,buddhaize ,%9t1 & 9 lat] times1 ev5 our own1 to ,%9tize ,buddhism :ile hold+ to ,buddha's "n & all ! rev5ue possible1 w ,buddhaize ,*ri/ianity if !y h p[] & opportunity2 & signs are n want+ to %[ t ?is is ^u _! programme4 ,! wat] ( /agnant ,buddhism is /ill a sw>m+ mass1 :i* ne$s cleans+ to purity by a k ( "o ,god :o is ,light & ,love4 ,)\t su* k1 ! manifold *anges 9 ,buddhism w b =m fre% *apt]s ( degradation & decay4 ,hold+ su* k1 ,*ri/ianity may pass ?r\gh endless *anges1 = ?is is h] capability by ,div9e p[] & ! au?orization ( h] ,f\nd]4 ,! n[ ,buddhism ( our day is endeavor+ to save itself ?r\gh re=mation & progress4 ,9 do+ s1 ! dang] ( ! de/ruction ( ! sy/em is great1 = ?us f> *ange has meant decay4 ,,*apt] ,,viii - ,,nor!rn ,,buddhism ,,9 ,,its ,,doctr9al ,,evolutions ,to ! millions ( ,*9a1 ,corea1 & ,japan1 creator & creation are new & /range t]ms1--,j4,h4 ,de ,=e/4 ,! ,law ( our ,"l1 ! ,buddha1 is n a natural sci5ce or a religion1 b a doctr9e ( enlight5m5t2 & ! object ( x is to give re/ to ! re/less1 to po9t out ! ,ma/] 7! ,inmo/ ,man7 to ^? t are bl9d & d n p]ceive _! ,orig9al ,/ate4 ,! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika ,sutra tea*es u h[ to obta9 t desirable k ( ! m9d z x is 9 itself univ]sal wisdom 444 ,m9d is ! ,"o ,reality1 & all ,scriptures are ! micrographic photographs ( its images4 ,he t fully grasps ! ,div9e ,body ( ,sakyamuni1 holds ev]1 ev5 )\t ! writt5 ,sutra1 ! inn] ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika 9 8 h&4 ,he ev] reads x m5tally1 ev5 ?\gh he w\ld nev] read x orally4 ,he is unifi$ ) x ?\gh he has no ?\ght ab\t x4 ,he is ! true keep] ( ! ,sutra4--,zitsuz5 ,a%itsu ( ! ,t5dai sect4 ,x ,buddhism is ideali/ic4 ,ev]y?+ is z we ?9k x4 ,! _w is my idea4444 ,beyond our fai? is naught4 ,hold ! ,buddhi/ to 8 cre$ & insi/ t su* logic de/roys itself1 & he triumphs smil+ly1 ',self-de/ructive6 ,( c\rse x is4 ,all logic is4 ,t is ! c5tre ( my philosophy4' ,x ,buddhism d5\nces all desire & (f]s salvation z ! rew>d ( ! murd] ( our affections1 hopes1 & aspirations4 ,x is possible :]e consci\s exi/5ce is believ$ to be ! *ief ( evils4--,george ,william ,knox4 ,swall[+ ! device ( ! prie/s1 ! p well satisfi$1 dance _! pray]s4--,japanese ,prov]b4 ,! wisdom t is f above is 444 )\t v>iance1 )\t hypocrisy4--,james4 ,! my/]y ( ,god1 ev5 ,*ri/ 9 :om are all ! treasures ( wisdom & k4--,paul4 ,,*apt] ,,viii - ,,nor!rn ,,buddhism ,,9 ,,its ,,doctr9al ,,evolutions ,*ronological ,outl9e4 ,9 sket*+ ! hi/ory ( ! doctr9al developm5ts ( ,buddhism 9 ,japan1 we note t ! sy/em1 greatly corrupt$ f its orig9al simplicity1 0 9 #eeb ,a4,d4 already a mill5nium old4 ,sev]al di/9ct phases ( ! mu*-alt]$ fai? ( ,gautama1 7 introduc$ into ! isl&s at v>i\s times betwe5 ! six? & ! n9? c5tury4 ,f ^! & f o!rs ( native orig9 h sprung ! l>g] ,japanese sects4 ,ev5 z late z ! sev5te5? c5tury1 novelties 9 ,buddhism 7 import$ f ,*9a1 & ! exotics took root 9 ,japanese soil2 b !n1 ) a s+le exception1 only to gr[ z curiosities 9 ! g>d51 r ?an z ! great =e/s1 :i* _h already sprung f import$ & native specim5s4 ,we may divide ! p]iod ( ! doctr9al developm5t ( ,buddhism 9 ,japan into f\r epo*s3 ,i4 ,! fir/1 f #eeb to #hje ,a4,d41 w cov] ! fir/ six sects1 :i* _h = _! c5tre ( propagation1 ,n>a1 ! s\!rn capital4 ,,ii4 ,!n foll[s ,riybu ,buddhism1 f ! n9? to ! twelf? c5turies4 ,,iii4 ,?is 0 succe$$ by ano!r explosion ( doctr9e :olly & peculi>ly ,japanese1 & by a wide mission>y propagation4 ,,iv4 ,f ! sixte5? to ! n9ete5? c5tury1 !re is little t is doctr9ally noticeable1 until our own "t1 :5 ! new ,buddhism ( to-day claims at lea/ a pass+ notice4 ,! ,japanese writ]s ( ecclesia/ical hi/ory classify 9 ?ree gr\ps ! twelve great sects z ! fir/ six1 ! two m$ival1 & ! f\r mod]n sects4 ,9 ?is lecture we %all m]ely summ>ize ! *>act]i/ics ( ! fir/ five sects :i* exi/$ be=e ! op5+ ( ! n9? c5tury b :i* are n =mally extant at ! pres5t "t1 & treat m fully ! purely ,japanese developm5ts4 ,! fir/ ?ree sects may be gr\p$ "u ! head ( ! ,h9ayana1 or ,small] ,vehicle1 z ,s\!rn or primitive or?odox ,buddhism is usually call$4 ,mo/ ( ! e>ly sects1 z w be se51 7 f\nd$ ^u "s p>ticul> sutra1 or ^u selections or collections ( sutras4 ,!y correspond to "s ext5t ) ! manifold sects ( ,*ri/5dom1 & yet ?is illu/ration or ref]5ce mu/ n be mislead+4 ,x is n z ?\gh a new ,*ri/ian sect1 = example1 7 9 ,a4,d4 #ejj to be =m$ :olly on ! gospel ( ,luke1 or ! book ( ! ,revelation2 nor z ?\gh a new sect %\ld n[ arise 9 ,norway or ,t5nessee because ( a special emphasis laid on a comb9ation ( ! epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians & ! book ( ,daniel4 ,x is r z ?\gh di/9ct names & organizations %\ld be f\nd$ ^u ! writ+s ( ,t]tullian1 ( ,augu/9e1 ( ,lu!r1 or ( ,calv91 & t su* sects %\ld accept ! lit]>y "w ( ^! s*ol>s n only z comm5t>ies b z ,holy ,scripture itself4 ,! ,buddhi/ body ( scriptures has sev]al times be5 import$ & pr9t$ 9 ,japan1 b has nev] be5 translat$ into ! v]nacul>4 ,! canon#a is n made up simply ( writ+s purport+ to be ! words ( ,buddha or ( ! apo/les :o 7 8 imm$iate companions or foll[]s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! canon1 z receiv$ 9 ,japan1 is made up ( books1 writt5 = ! mo/ "p _m c5turies aft] ! la/ ( ! contempor>ies ( ,gautama _h pass$ away4 ,n a few ( ^! writ+s are ! products ( ! ,*9ese intellect4 ,"s books held by p>ticul> sects z holy scripture 7 compos$ 9 ,japan itself1 ! v books !mselves be+ wor%ipp$4 ,nev]!less ^? :o are app>5tly f>!/ away f primitive ,buddhism1 claim to und]/& ,buddha mo/ cle>ly4 ,! ,/&>d ,doctr9al ,"w4 ,"o ( ! mo/ fam\s ( books1 honor$ especially by sev]al ( ! lat] & l>g] sects 9 ,japan1 & probably ! mo/ widely read & mo/ g5]ally /udi$ book ( ! canon1 is ! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika4#b ,pr(essor ,k]n1 :o has translat$ ?is v rhetorical "w into ,engli%1 ?9ks x exi/$ at or "s "t be=e #bej ,a4,d41 & t 9 its mo/ anci5t =m x dates "s c5turies e>li]1 possibly z e>ly z ! op5+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,x has n[ tw5ty-sev5 *apt]s1 & may be call$ ! typical scripture ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism4 ,x is ov]fl[+ly full ( ^? s5su\s images & descriptions ( ! ,p>adise1 9 :i* ! imag9ation ( ! ,japanese ,buddhi/ s revels1 & 9 x bo? rhetoric & ma!matics run wild4 ,( ?is book1 ! cream ( ! reveal$ doctr9e1 we %all he> (t5 aga94 ,x is ! /&>d ( or?odoxy 9 ,japanese ,buddhism1 ! real g5ius ( :i* is mona/ic asceticism 9 morals & philosophical scepticism 9 religion4 ,9 mo/ ( ! o!r sutras ! burd5 ( ?\ght is ontology4 ,doctr9ally1 ,buddhism seems to be less a religion ?an a sy/em ( philosophy4 ,hundr$s ( volumes 9 ! canon conc]n !mselves almo/ :olly ) ontological speculations4 ,! ,japanese m9d1#c z describ$ by ^? :o h /udi$ mo/ acutely & pr(\ndly its manife/ations 9 language & lit]ature1 is ess5tially av]se to speculation4 ,yet ! fir/ =ms ( ,buddhism pres5t$ to ! ,japanese1 7 highly metaphysical4 ,! hi/ory ( ?\ght 9 ,japan1 %[s t ^! ab/ractions ( dogma 7 n cong5ial to ! isl&]s4 ,! new fai? won its way among ! p by its outw>d s5su\s attractions1 & by appeals to ! imag9ation1 ! fancy & ! emotions2 ?\gh ! m5 ( culture 7 l$ captive by reason+ :i* !y c\ld n answ]1 ev5 if !y c\ld compreh5d x4 ,?\gh ^! e>ly =ms ( dogma & philosophy no long] survive 9 ,japan1 hav+ be5 eclips$ by m concrete & s5su\s argum5ts1 yet x is necess>y to /ate !m 9 ord] to %[3 fir/1 :at ,buddhism really is2 second1 doctr9al developm5t 9 ! f>!/ ,ea/2 &1 ?ird1 ! peculi>ities ( ! ,japanese m9d4 ,9 ?is task1 we are happy to be able to rely ^u native witness & confession4#d ,! =eign] may easily misrepres5t1 ev5 :5 s9c]ely incl9$ to utt] only ! tru?4 ,ea* religion1 9 its !ory at lea/1 mu/ be judg$ by its ideals1 & n by its failures4 ,its tru? mu/ be /at$ by its own pr(essors4 ,9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,! ,twelve ,japanese ,sects1 by ,bunyiu ,nanjio1 ,m4,a4 ,oxon41 & 9 ,le ,b\ddhisme ,japonais1 by ,ryauon ,fuji%ima1 we h ! untrammell$ utt]ances1 ( n9e liv+ lights ( ! religion ( ,%aka z x is held & taught 9 ,dai ,nippon4 ,! =m] s*ol> is a ma/] ( texts1 & ! latt] ( philosophy1 ea* editor excell+ 9 8 own dep>tm5t2 & ! two books complem5t ea* o!r 9 value4 ,buddhism1 be+ a logical gr[? out ( ,brahmanism1 us$ ! old sacr$ language ( ,india & inh]it$ its vocabul>y4 ,9 ! ,tripitaka1 t is1 ! ?ree book-baskets or boxes1 we h ! t]m = canon ( scripture1 9 ! complete collection ( :i* are sutra1 v9aya & abidh>ma4 ,we %all see1 also1 t :ile ,gautama %ut out ! gods1 8 speculative foll[]s :o claim$ to be 8 successors1 op5$ ! doors & all[$ !m to troop 9 aga94 ,! democracy ( ! congregation became a hi]>*y & ! empty swept & g>ni%$ h\se1 a pan!on4 ,a sutra1 f ! root siv1 to sew1 means a ?read or /r+1 & 9 ! old ,v$a religion ref]r$ to h\sehold rites or practices & ! moral conduct ( life2 b 9 ,buddhi/ phraseology x means a body ( doctr9e4 ,a %a/] or %a/ra1 f ! ,sanskrit root z1 to gov]n1 relates to discipl9e4 ,( ^? %a/ras & sutras we mu/ frequ5tly speak4 ,9 ,india & ,*9a "s ( ^? sutras are expon5ts1 ( s*ools ( ?\ght or op9ion1 or ( views or me?ods ( look+ at ?+s1 r ?an ( organizations4 ,9 ,japan ^! s*ools ( philosophy1 9 c]ta9 in/ances1 become sects ) a =mal hi/ory4 ,9 ,*9a ( ! pres5t day1 accord+ to a ,japanese travell] & au?or1 ! ,*9ese ,buddhi/s seem 444 to unite all diff]5t sects1 s z to make "o h>moni\s sect4 ,! *ief divisions are ^? ( ! blue robe1 :o are alli$ ) ! ,lamaism ( ,tibet & ^: doctr9e is l>gely esot]ic1 & ^? ( ! yell[ robe1 :o accept ! ?ree fundam5tals ( pr9ciple1 tea*+ & discipl9e4 ,dhyana or contemplation is _! pr9ciple2 ! ,kgon or ,avatamsaka sutra & ! ,hokk or ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika sutra1 etc41 =m ! basis ( _! tea*+2 & ! ,v9aya ( ! ,f\r ,divisions 7,dh>magupta7 is _! discipl9e4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 ,japan !re are va/ly great] div]sities ( sect1 pr9ciple1 tea*+ & discipl9e4 ,buddhism z a ,sy/em ( ,metaphysics4 ,! date ( ! bir? ( ! ,buddha 9 ,india1 accept$ by ! ,japanese s*ol>s is ,b4,c4 #ajbg--! day & mon? be+ also giv5 ) suspici\s accuracy4 ,ab\t n9e c5turies aft] ,gautama _h atta9$ ,nirvana1 !re 7 eighte5 s*ools ( ! ,h9ayana or ! doctr9e ( ! ,small] ,vehicle4 ,!n a %a/ra or in/itute ( ,buddhi/ ontology 9 n9e *apt]s1 0 compos$1 ! title ( :i* 9 ,engli%1 is1 ,book ( ! ,treasury ( ,metaphysics4 ,x _h su* a p[]ful influ5ce t x 0 call$ an intellig5ce-creat+1 or z we say1 an epo*-mak+ book4 ,?is ,ku-%a %a/ra1 f ! ,sanskrit kosa1 a /ore1 is eclectic1 & conta9s n9e *apt]s embody+ ! views ( "o ( ! s*ools1 ) selections f ^? ( o!rs4 ,x 0 translat$ 9 ,a4,d4 #efc1 into ,*9ese by a ,h9du s*ol>2 b ab\t a hundr$ ye>s lat] ! fam\s pilgrim1 :om ! ,japanese call ,g5-j1 b :o is kn[n 9 ,europe z ,hi\5 ,?sang1#e made a bett] translation1 :ile 8 disciples add$ comm5t>ies4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #feh1 two ,japanese prie/s#f made ! sea-j\rney we/w>d into ,*9a1 z ,g5-j _h be=e made ! l& pilgrimage into ,india1 & became pupils ( ! fam\s pilgrim4 ,aft] long /udy !y return$1 br++ ! ,*9ese translation ( ?is %a/ra into ,japan4 ,!y did n =m an indep5d5t sect2 b ! doctr9es ( ?is %a/ra1 be+ eclectic1 7 /udi$ by all ,japanese ,buddhi/ sects4 ,?is ,ku-%a scripture is /ill read 9 ,japan z a g5]al in/itute ( ontology1 especially by advanc$ /ud5ts :o wi% to get a g5]al idea ( ! doctr9es4 ,x is full ( te*nical t]ms1 & is well nam$ ,! ,/ore-h\se ( ,metaphysics4 ,! ,ku-%a tea*es control ( ! passions1 & ! gov]nm5t ( ?\ght4 ,! burd5 ( its philosophy is mat]ialism2 t is1 ! non-exi/5ce ( self & ! exi/5ce ( ! matt] :i* composes self1 or1 z ! ,japanese writ] says3 ,! reason :y all ?+s are s m9utely expla9$ 9 ?is %a/ra is to drive away ! idea ( self1 & to %[ ! tru? 9 ord] to make liv+ be+s rea* ,nirvana4 ,among ! num]\s categories1 to express :i* _m te*nical t]ms are necess>y1 are ^? ( =ms1 elev5 9 numb]1 includ+ ! five s5ses & ! six objects ( s5se2 ! six k9ds ( k2 ! =ty-six m5tal qualities1 gr\p$ "u six heads2 & ! f\rte5 conceptions sep>at$ f ! m9d2 ?us mak+ 9 all sev5ty-two comp\nd$ ?+s & ?ree immat]ial ?+s4 ,^! latt] are consci\s cessation ( exi/5ce1 unconsci\s cessation ( exi/5ce1 & space4 ,! ,rev]5d ,%uzan ,emura1 ( ! ,%9-%u sect ( ,japan1 aft] specify+ ^! sev5ty-five ,dh>mas1 or ?+s comp\nd$ & ?+s immat]ial1 says3#g ,! =m] include all ?+s t proce$ f a cause4 ,?is cause is ,k>ma1 to :i* ev]y?+ exi/+ is due1 ,space & ,nirvana alone except$4 ,aga91 ( ! ?ree immat]ial ?+s ! la/ two are n subjects to be und]/ood by ! wisdom n free f frailty4 ,!re=e ! 'consci\s cessation ( exi/5ce' is consid]$ z be+ ! goal ( all ef=t to him :o longs = deliv]ance f mis]y4 ,9 a ^w1 ?is "o ( ! _m ,buddhisms ( ,asia is va/ly less a religion1 9 any real s5se ( ! ^w1 ?an a sy/em ( metaphysics4 ,h[ev]1 ! doctr9e to be ma/]$ is grad$ 9 ?ree ,yanas or ,vehicles2 = !re are n[1 z 9 ! days ( ,%aka1 ?ree classes ( be+1 grad$ accord+ to _! ability or p[] to und]/& ! tru?4 ,^! are3 7,i47 ,! ,%o-mon or l[e/ ( ! disciples ( ,%aka1 or he>]s :o m$itate on ! cause & effect ( ev]y?+4 ,if acute 9 und]/&+1 !y become free f confusion aft] ?ree bir?s2 b if !y are dull1 !y pass sixty kalpas#h or aeons be=e !y atta9 to ! /ate ( enlight5m5t4 7,,ii47 ,! ,engaku or ,pratyeka ,buddhas1 t is1 s+ly enlight5$1 or be+s 9 ! middle /ate1 :o mu/ extract ! se$s or causes ( actions1 & mu/ m$itate on ! twelve *a9s ( causation1 or und]/& ! non-et]nity ( ! _w1 :ile gaz+ ^u ! fall+ fl[]s or leaves4 ,!y atta9 enlight5m5t aft] f\r bir?s or a hundr$ kalpas1 accord+ to _! ability4 7,,iii47 ,! ,bodhisattvas or ,buddhas-elect1 :o practise ! six p]fections 7p]fect practice ( alms-giv+1 morality1 pati5ce1 en]gy1 m$itation & wisdom7 z prelim9>ies to ,nirvana1 :i* !y rea* only aft] c\ntless kalpas4 ,^! ?ree grades ( pupils 9 ! my/]ies ( ,buddha doctr9e1 are said to h be5 ord]$ by ,%aka himself1 because und]/&+ human be+s s ?or\ghly1 he knew t "o p]son c\ld n compreh5d two ways or vehicles 7,yana7 at once4 ,p 7 taught !re=e to practise anyone ( ! ?ree vehicles at pleasure4 ,we %all see h[ ! lat] radical & democratic ,japanese ,buddhism swept away ?is gradation1 & decl>+ b ! "o vehicle 7ka71 op5$ ! k+dom to all believ]s4 ,! second ( ! e>ly ,japanese s*ools ( ?\ght1 is ! ,j-jitsu1#i or ! sect f\nd$ *iefly ^u ! %a/ra :i* means ,! ,book ( ! ,p]fection ( ! ,tru?1 conta9+ selections f & explanations ( ! true mean+ ( ! ,tripitaka4 ,?is %a/ra 0 ! "w ( a ,h9du ^: "n means ,lion-armor1 & :o liv$ ab\t n9e c5turies aft] ,gautama4 ,n satisfi$ ) ! n>r[ views ( 8 tea*]1 :o may h be5 ( ! ,dh>magupta s*ool 7( ! f\r ,discipl9es71 he made selections ( ! be/ & broade/ int]pretations !n curr5t 9 ! sev]al diff]5t s*ools ( ! ,small] ,vehicle4 ,! book is eclectic1 & attempts to unite all t 0 be/ 9 ea* ( ! ,h9ayana s*ools2 b c]ta9 ,*9ese tea*]s consid] t its explanations are applicable to ! ,great ,vehicle also4 ,translat$ into ,*9ese 9 #djf ,a4,d41 ! comm5t>ies ^u x soon numb]$ hundr$s1 & x 0 widely exp\nd$ & lectur$ ^u4 ,comm5t>ies ^u ?is %a/ra 7 also writt5 9 ,korean by ,d-z4 ,f ! p59sula x 0 introduc$ into ,japan4 ,?is ,j-jitsu doctr9e 0 /udi$ by pr9ce ,%toku1 & promulgat$ z a division ( ! s*ool call$ ,san-,ron4 ,! /ud5ts ( ! ,j-jitsu s*ool nev] =m$ 9 ,japan a di/9ct organization4 ,! burd5 ( ! tea*+s ( ?is s*ool is pure nihilism1 or ! non-exi/5ce ( bo? self & ( matt]4 ,!re is an utt] abs5ce ( sub/antiality 9 all ?+s4 ,life itself is a prolong$ dream4 ,! objects ab\t u are m]e delusive %ad[s or mirage1 ! product ( ! imag9ation alone4 ,! pa/ & ! future are )\t reality1 b ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s only /&s z if x 7 real4 ,t is to say3 ! true /ate ( ?+s is con/antly *ang+1 yet x seems z if ! /ate ( ?+s 7 exi/+1 ev5 z does a circle ( fire se5 :5 a rope wat* is turn$ r\nd v quickly4 ,japanese ,pilgrims to ,*9a4 ,! ,ris-%u or ,v9aya sect is "o ( purely ,*9ese orig91 & 0 f\nd$1 or r re-f\nd$1 by ! ,*9ese prie/ ,ds51 :o liv$ on ,m\nt ,%unan e>ly 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & claim$ to be only re-proclaim+ ! rules giv5 by ,gautama himself4 ,he 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! ,tripitaka & especially v]s$ 9 ! ,v9aya or rules ( discipl9e4 ,8 purpose 0 to unite ! tea*+s ( bo? ! ,great] & ! ,less] ,vehicle 9 a sutra ^: burd5 %\ld be "o ( e?ics & n ( dogma4 ,! f\nd] ( ?is sect 0 greatly honor$ by ! ,*9ese ,emp]or4 ,fur!rmore1 he 0 honor$ 9 vision by ! holy ,p9dola or ,b9zura1#aj :o prais$ ! f\nd] z ! be/ man t _h promulgat$ ! discipl9e s9ce ,buddha himself4 ,9 lat] c5turies1 successors ( ! f\nd] compil$ comm5t>ies & reproclaim$ ! tea*+s ( ?is sect4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #gbd two ,japanese prie/s w5t ov] to ,*9a1 & hav+ ma/]$ ! ,ris-%u doctr9e1 receiv$ p]mission to propagate x 9 ,japan4 ,) eighty-two ,*9ese prie/s !y return$ a few ye>s lat]1 hav+ attempt$1 x is said1 ! j\rney five times & sp5t twelve ye>s on ! sea4 ,on _! return1 !y receiv$ an imp]ial invitation to live 9 ! great mona/]y at ,n>a1 & soon _! tea*+s ex]t$ a p[]ful influ5ce on ! c\rt4 ,! emp]or1 empress & f\r hundr$ p]sons ( note 7 receiv$ into ! ,buddhi/ communion by a ,*9ese prie/ ( ! ,ris-%u s*ool 9 ! middle ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,! ,mikado ,%-mu resign$ 8 ?rone & took ! v[ & robes ( a monk1 becom+ ,h- or cloi/]$ emp]or4 ,"u imp]ial direction a great bronze image ( ! ,vairokana ,buddha1 or ,p]fection ( ,morality1 0 erect$1 & t]races1 t[]s1 images & all ! p>aph]nalia ( ! new k9d ( ,buddhism 7 prep>$4 ,ev5 ! e>? 0 embroid]$1 z x 71 ) sutras & %a/ras4 ,symbolical l&scape g>d5+1 :i*1 9 its m\nds & pa?s1 v>i\sly %ap$ /ones & lant]ns1 artificial cascades & /reamlets1 tea*es ! holy geography z well z ! allegories & hidd5 tru?s ( ,buddhism1 made ! city ( ,n>a beautiful to ! eyes ( fai? z well z ( sight4 ,?is sect1 ) its excell5ce 9 morality & b5evol5ce1 prov$ itself a beautifi] ( human life1 ( society & ( ! e>? itself4 ,its "w 0 an ir5icon4 ,x occupi$ itself exclusively ) ! high] e?ics1 ! high] m$itations & ! high] k4 ,int]dict+ :at 0 evil & prescrib+ :at 0 good1 its precepts v>i$ 9 numb] & rigor accord+ to ! /atus ( ! disciple1 lay or cl]ical4 ,x is by ! obs]vance ( ! sila1 or grades ( moral p]fection1 t "o becomes a ,buddha4 ,besides mak+ s p[]ful a conque/ at ! s\!rn capital1 ?is sect 0 ! "o :i* c5turies aft]w>d built ! fir/ ,buddhi/ temple 9 ,y$o4 ,be+ ord9>y human mortals1 h[ev]1 bo? monk & layman occasionally illu/rat$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 pr(ession & practice4 ,^! ?ree s*ools or sects1 ,ku-%a1 ,j-jitsu1 & ,ris-%u1 may be gr\p$ "u ! ,h9ayana or ,small] ,vehicle1 ) m or less affiliation ) ,s\!rn ,buddhism2 ! o!rs n[ to be describ$ 7 :olly ( ! ,nor!rn division4 ,! ,hoss-%u1 or ! ,dh>ma-lak%ana sect1 z describ$ by ! ,rev4 ,dai-ryo ,taka%i ( ! ,%9-gon sect1 is ! s*ool :i* /udies ! nature ( ,dh>mas or ?+s4 ,! ?ree worlds ( desire1 =m & =mlessness1 consi/ 9 ?\ght only2 & !re is no?+ outside ?\ght4 ,n9e c5turies aft] ,gautama1 ,maitreya1#aa or ! ,buddha ( k9dness1 came d[n f ! heav5 ( ! ,bodhisattva to ! lecture-hall 9 ! k+dom 9 c5tral ,india at ! reque/ ( ! ,buddhas elect1 & disc\nt$ five %a/ras4 ,aft] t two ,buddhi/ fa!rs :o 7 bro!rs1 compos$ _m m %a/ras & cle>$ up ! mean+ ( ! ,mahyan4 ,9 #fbi ,a4,d41 9 8 tw5ty-n9? ye>1 ! fam\s ,*9ese pilgrim1 ,g5-j 7,hi\5-?sang71 /udi$ ^! %a/ras & sci5ces1 & return+ to ,*9a 9 #fde ,a4,d41 began 8 great "w ( translation1 at :i* he cont9u$ = n9ete5 ye>s4 ,"o ( 8 disciples 0 ! au?or ( a hundr$ comm5t>ies on sutras & %a/ras4 ,! doctr9es ( ,g5-j & 8 disciples 7 at f\r diff]5t times1 f #fec to #gab ,a4,d41 import$ into ,japan1 & nam$1 aft] ! mona/]ies 9 :i* !y 7 promulgat$1 ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn ,transmission4 ,! ,middle ,pa?4 ,! burd5 ( ! tea*+s ( ?is sect is subjective idealism4 ,!y embrace pr9ciples enjo9+ complete indiff]5ce to mundane affairs1 &1 9 fact1 ?or\gh p]sonal nullification & ! ignor+ ( all actions by its disciples4 ,9 ^! tea*+s1 ?\ght only1 is real4 ,z we h already se5 ) ! ,ku-%a tea*+1 human be+s are ( ?ree classes1 divid$ accord+ to intellect1 into high]1 middle & l[]1 = :om ! sy/ems ( tea*+s are necess>ily ( z _m k9ds4 ,! ord] ( progress ) ^? :o give !mselves to ! /udy ( ! ,hoss t5ets1 is1#ab fir/1 !y "k only ! exi/5ce ( ?+s1 !n ! empt9ess ( !m1 & f9ally !y ent] ! middle pa? ( true empt9ess & wond]ful exi/5ce4 ,f ! fir/1 su* discipl9e is long & pa9ful1 & ultimate victory sc>cely comes to ! ord9>y be+4 ,! disciple1 by tra9+ 9 ?\ght1 by de/roy+ passions & practices1 by m$itat+ on ! only k1 mu/ pass ?r\gh ?ree kalpas or aeons4 ,con/antly m$itat+1 & de/roy+ ! two ob/acles ( passion & cognizable ?+s1 ! disciple !n obta9s f\r k9ds ( wisdom & truly atta9s p]fect enlight5m5t or ,p>i-,nirvana4 ,! ,san-ron ,%u1 z ! ,?ree-,%a/ra sect calls itself1 is ! sect ( ! ,tea*+s ( ,buddha's :ole life4#ac ,o!r sects are f\nd$ ^u s+le sutras1 a fact :i* makes ! /ud5t liable to n>r[ness ( op9ion4 ,! ,san-ron gives great] bread? ( view & ca?olicity ( op9ion4 ,! doctr9es ( ! ,great] ,vehicle are ! pr9cipal tea*+s ( ,gautama1 & ^! are ?or\ghly expla9$ 9 ! ?ree %a/ras us$ by ?is sect1 :i*1 x is claim$1 conta9 ,buddha's own words4 ,! mean+s ( ! titles ( ! ?ree favorite sutras1 are1 ,! ,middle ,book1 ,! ,hundr$1 & ,! ,book ( ,twelve ,gates4 ,o!r books ( ! canon are also /udi$ & valu$ by ?is sect1 b all ( !m are apt to be p]us$ f a p>ticul> po9t ( view2 i4e41 t ( ,pyrronism or inf9ite negation4 ,!re are two l9es ( ! transmission ( ?is doctr9e1 bo? ( !m ?r\gh ,*9a1 ?\gh1 ! introduction to ,japan 0 made f ,korea1 9 #fbe ,a4,d4 ,n to dwell ^u ! detail ( hi/ory1 ! burd5 ( ?is sect's tea*+1 is1 inf9ite negation or absolute nihilism4 ,tru? is ! inconceivable /ate1 or1 9 ! words ( ! ,japanese writ]3 ,! tru? is no?+ b ! /ate :]e ?\ghts come to an end2 ! "r m$itation is to p]ceive ?is tru?4 ,he :o has obta9$ ?is m$itation is call$ ,buddha4 ,?is is ?is doctr9e ( ! ,san-ron sect4 ,?is sect1 by its tea*+s ( ! ,middle ,pa?1 seems to furni% a bridge f ! ,h9ayana or ,s\!rn s*ool1 to ! ,mahyan or ,nor!rn s*ool ( ,buddhism4 ,"p ( its "w1 z set =? by ! ,rev4 ,k-* ,ogurasu1 ( ! ,%9 sect1 is to def5d ! au!nticity1 g5u95ess & canonicity ( ! books :i* =m ! ,nor!rn body ( scriptures4 ,9 ^! two sects ,hos-s & ,san-ron1 call$ ^? ( ,middle ,pa?1 & mu* alike 9 pr9ciple & tea*+1 ! :ole end & aim ( m5tal discipl9e1 is nihilism--9 ! "o case subjective1 & 9 ! o!r absolute1 ! end & goal be+ no?+--?is view into ! nature ( ?+s be+ consid]$ ! "r "o4 ,is x any wond] t su* tea*+s c\ld 9 ! long run satisfy nei!r ! tra9$ intellects nor ! un?9k+ common p ( ,japan8 ,is x f> f ! tru? to suspect t1 ev5 :5 accept$ by ! ,japanese c\rti]s & nobles1 !y 7 receiv$1 only too (t51 9 a ,platonic1 n to say a ,pickwickian1 s5se8 ,! ,japanese is too polite to say no if he c possibly say yes1 ev5 :5 he does n mean x2 :ile ! common p all ov] ! _w1 z betwe5 metaphysics & poly!ism1 *oose ! latt]4 ,is x any wond] t1 along ) ?is propagation ( ,nihilism z taught 9 ! cloi/]s & ! c\rt1 hi/ory in=ms u ( _m sc&als & mu* immorality betwe5 ! wom5 ( ! c\rt & ! ,buddhi/ monks8 ,su* dogmas 7 n able to live 9 organiz$ =ms1 aft] ! next importations ( ,buddhism :i* came 91 n p>tly b :olly1 "u ! "n ( ! ,mahyan or ,great ,vehicle1 or ,nor!rn ,buddhism4 ,by ! new philosophy1 m concrete & able to appeal m closely to ! av]age man1 ^! five s*ools1 :i*1 9 _! discussions1 dealt almo/ :olly ) n\m5a1 7 absorb$4 ,z matt] ( fact1 none ( !m is n[ 9 exi/5ce1 nor c we trace !m1 speak+ broadly1 beyond ! t5? c5tury4 ,"h & !re1 inde$1 may be a temple be>+ ! "n ( "o ( ! sects1 or grades ( doctr9e1 & occasionally an ecc5tric individual :o witnesses to ! old metaphysics2 b ^! are b fossils or hi/orical relics1 & are g5]ally reg>d$ z su*4 ,aga9/ su* baldness ( philosophy n only might ! cultivat$ ,japanese intellect revolt & react1 b z yet ! common p ( ,japan1 despite ! mod]n prie/ly boa/ ( ! c>e ( ! imp]ial rul]s = :at ! bonzes /ill love to call ! p's religion1 7 b slightly t\*$ by ! ,indian fai?4 ,! ,great ,vehicle4 ,! ,kgon-,%u or ,avatamsaka-sutra sect1 is f\nd$ on a c]ta9 tea*+ :i* ,gautama is said to h promulgat$ 9 n9e assemblies held at sev5 diff]5t places dur+ ! second week ( 8 enlight5m5t4 ,?is sutra exi/s 9 no few] ?an six texts1 ar\nd ea* ( :i* has ga!r$ "s int]e/+ my?ology4 ,! fir/ two te/s 7 held 9 memory & n committ$ to palm leaves2 ! second pair are secretly pres]v$ 9 ! dragon palace ( ,riu-gu#ad "u ! sea1 & are n kept by ! m5 ( ?is _w4 ,! fif? text ( #ajj1jjj v]ses1 0 obta9$ by a ,bodhisattva f ! palace ( ! dragon k+ ( ! _w "u ! sea & transmitt$ to m5 9 ,india4 ,! six? is ! abridg$ text4 ,x conc]ns u to notice t ! %ort] texts 7 translat$ into ,*9ese 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 & t lat]1 o!r translations 7 made--#cf1jjj v]ses ( ! fif? text1 #de1jjj v]ses ( ! six? text1 etc4 ,:5 ! doctr9e ( ! sect _h be5 p]fect$ by ! fif? patri>* & he lectur$ on ! sutra1 rays ( :ite light came f 8 m\?1 & !re ra9$ wond]ful heav5ly fl[]s4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #gcf a ,*9ese ,v9aya tea*] or in/ructor 9 ,buddhi/ discipl9e1 nam$ ,d-s51 fir/ br\ght ! ,kgon scriptures to ,japan4 ,f\r ye>s lat] a ,korean prie/ gave lectures on !m 9 ! ,gold5-,bell ,hall ( ! ,great ,ea/]n ,mona/]y at ,n>a4 ,he complet$ 8 task ( exp\nd+ ! sixty volumes 9 ?ree ye>s4 ,h5ce=?1 lectur+ on ?is sutra became "o ( ! ye>ly s]vices ( ! ,ea/]n ,great ,mona/]y4 ,! ,k-gon sutra is ! orig9al book ( ,buddha's tea*+s ( 8 :ole life4 ,all 8 tea*+s !re=e sprang f ?is sutra4 ,if we attribute all ! bran*es to ! orig91 we may say t !re is no tea*+ ( ,buddha = 8 :ole life except ?is sutra4#ae ,! title ( ! book1 :5 lit]ally translat$1 is ,great-squ>e-wide-,buddha-fl[]-adornm5t- tea*+--a title suffici5tly indicative ( its rhetoric4 ,! age ( h>d or bold ?9k+ 0 giv+ way to fl[]y diction1 & ! ,law 0 to be made easy ?r\gh f9e writ+4 ,! burd5 ( doctr9e is ! uncondition$ or reali/ic1 pan!ism4 ,nature absolute1 or ,buddha-ta?ata1 is ! ess5ce ( all ?+s4 ,ess5ce & =m 7 9 _! orig9 comb9$ & id5tical4 ,fire & wat]1 ?\gh ph5om5ally diff]5t1 are f ! po9t ( view ( ,buddha-ta?ata absolutely id5tical4 ,matt] & ?\ght are "o--t is ,buddha-ta?ata4 ,9 tea*+1 especially ! "y1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! m9d resembles a fair page ^u :i* ! arti/ might trace a design1 especial c>e be+ ne$$ to prev5t ! impression ( evil ?\ghts1 9 ord] to accompli% :i* "o mu/ completely & always direct ! m9d to ,buddha4#af ,"o notable s5t5ce 9 ! text is1 :5 "o fir/ raises 8 ?\ghts t[>d ! p]fect k1 he at once becomes fully enlight5$4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ! metaphysical discussions ( ?is sect we are rem9d$ ( ,european m$iaeval s*ola/icism1 especially ( t discussion z to h[ _m angels c\ld dance on ! po9t ( a cambric ne$le )\t jo/l+ ea* o!r4 ,x says1 ,ev5 at ! po9t ( "o gra9 ( du/1 ( immeasurable & unlimit$ worlds1 !re are innum]able ,buddhas1 :o are con/antly prea*+ ! ,k-gon ki 7sutra7 ?r\gh\t ! ?ree /ates ( exi/5ce1 pa/1 pres5t & future1 s t ! prea*+ is n at all to be collect$4#ag ,a ,new ,*9ese ,sect4 ,9 its =mal organization ! ,t5-dai sect is ( ,*9ese orig94 ,x is nam$ aft] ,ti5 ,tai1#ah a m\nta9 9 ,*9a ab\t fifty miles s\? ( ,n+po1 on :i* ! book :i* =ms ! basis ( its t5ets 0 compos$ by ,*i-%a1 n[ canoniz$ z a ,dai ,%i or ,great tea*]4 ,its special doctr9e ( completion & sudd5ness 01 h[ev]1 transmitt$ directly f ,%aka to ,vairokana & !nce to ,maitreya1 s t ! apo/olical succession ( its or?odoxy _c be que/ion$4 ,! metaphysics ( ?is sect are ?\ght to be ! mo/ pr(\nd ( ! ,great] ,vehicle1 comb9+ into a sy/em ! two opposite ideas ( be+ & n be+4 ,! tea*]s enc\rage all m51 :e!r quick or sl[ 9 und]/&+1 to ex]cise ! pr9ciple ( completion & sudd5ness1 toge!r ) f\r doctr9al divisions1 "o or all ( :i* are taught to m5 accord+ to _! ability4 ,! object ( ! doctr9e is to make m5 get an excell5t und]/&+1 practise good discipl9e & atta9 to ! great fruit ( ,enlight5m5t or ,buddha-hood4 ,out ( compassion1 ,gautama appe>$ 9 ! _w & prea*$ ! tru? 9 sev]al =ms1 accord+ to ! circum/ances ( "t & place4 ,!re are f\r doctr9al divisions ( completion1 secrecy1 m$itation1 & moral precept1 :i* are ! means ( kn[+ ! pr9ciple ( completion4 ,f ,gautama1 ,vairokana & ,maitreya ! doctr9e pass$ ?r\gh m ?an tw5ty ,buddhas elect1 & arriv$ 9 ,*9a on ! tw5tie? day ( ! twelf? mon?1 ,a4,d4 #dja4 ,! deliv]y to disciples 0 secret1 & ! t]m us$ = ?is esot]ic transmission means h&$ ov] )9 ! t[]4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #hje1 two ,japanese pilgrims w5t to ,*9a1 & receiv$ or?odox tra9+4 ,) tw5ty o!rs1 !y br\ght ! ,t5-dai doctr9es into ,japan4 ,dur+ ?is c5tury1 o!r ,japanese disciples ( ! same sect cross$ ! seas to /udy at ,m\nt ,ti5 ,tai4 ,on com+ back to ,japan !y propagat$ ! v>i\s %ades ( doctr9e1 s t ?is ma9 sect has _m bran*es4 ,x 0 *iefly ?r\gh ^! pilgrims f ! ,we/ t ! ,sanskrit lett]s1 writ+ & lit]ature 7 import$4 ,9 our day1 evid5ces ( ,sanskrit le>n+1 long s9ce neglect$ & =gott51 are se5 *iefly 9 ! gravey>ds & 9 *>ms & amulets4 ,al?\gh ! philosophical doctr9es ( ,t5-dai are mu* ! same z ^? ( ! ,k-gon sect1 be+ bas$ on pan!i/ic realism1 & tea*+ t ! ,buddha-ta?ata or ,nature absolute is ! ess5ce ( all ?+s1 yet ! ,t5-dai s*ool has /rik+ & peculi> features ( its own4 ,in/ead ( tak+ "s p>ticul> book or books 9 ! canon1 %a/ra1 or sutra1 selection or collection1 z a basis1 ! ,*9ese monk ,*i-%a fir/ ma/]$1 & !n dige/$ ! :ole canon4 ,!n select+ c]ta9 doctr9es = emphasis he support$ !m by a wide range ( quotation1 pr(ess+ to give ! gi/ ( ! pure tea*+s ( ,gautama r ?an ^? ( 8 disciples4 ,9 practice1 h[ev]1 ! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika is ! book mo/ honor$ by ?is sect2 ! o!r sutras be+ employ$ ma9ly z comm5t>y4 ,fur!rmore1 ?is sect makes z /r5u\s a claim = ! true apo/olical succession f ! ,f\nd]1 z d ! o!r sects4 ,! tea*]s ( ,t5-dai doctr9e mu/ fully e/imate "* & ability 9 _! pupils1 & s apportion in/ruction4 ,9 ?is respect & 9 n a few o!rs1 !y are l ! disciples ( ,loyola1 & h prop]ly be5 call$ ! ,jesuits ( ,buddhism4 ,!y are ascetics1 & tea* t spiritual insight is possible only ?r\gh prolong$ ?\ght4 ,_! purpose is to recognize ! ,buddha1 9 all ! =ms he has assum$ 9 ord] to save mank9d4 ,nev]!less1 ! highe/ tru?s are incompreh5sible except to ^? :o h already atta9$ to ,buddha-hood4#ai ,9 contra/ to ! ,ni*ir5ites1 :o give an emotional & ultra-concrete int]pretation & expression to ! great sutra1 ,hokk ,ki1 ! ,t5-dai tea*]s are excessively philosophical & intellectual4 ,9 its hi/ory ! ,t5-dai sect has foll[$ out its logic4 ,be+ reali/ic 9 pan!ism1 x rev]5ces n only ,gautama ! hi/oric ,buddha1 b also1 l>ge numb]s ( ! ,h9du deities1 ! gr\p ( idols call$ ,jiz1 ! god ,fudo1 & ,kuannon ! god or goddess ( m]cy1 "u 8 or h] protean =ms4 ,9 its e>ly hi/ory ?is sect welcom$ to its pan!on ! ,%9t gods1 :o1 accord+ to ! s*eme ( ,riybu ,%9t1 7 decl>$ to be avat>s or manife/ations ( ,buddha4 ,! ?ree sub-sects /ill diff] 9 _! wor%ip ( ! avat>s select$ z supreme deities1 b _! philosophy enables !m to sweep 9 ! ,buddhas ( e age & clime1 "n & nation4 ,_m o!r p]sonifications are f\nd honor$ 9 ! ,t5-dai temples4 ,at ! gateways may usually be se5 ! colossal pa9t$ & hide\s images ( ! two ,devas or k+s 7,ni-,o74 ,^! wor?ies are none o!r ?an ,indra & ,brahma ( ! old ,v$ic my?ology4 ,space & "t--:i* seem nev] to fail ! ,buddhi/s 9 _! lit]ature--w\ld fail u to describe ?is sect 9 full1 or to %[ 9 detail its tea*+s1 :]e9 are wond]ful resemblances to ,european ideas & facts--9 philosophy1 to ,hegel & ,sp9oza f9d 9 hi/ory1 to ,jesuitism4 ,nor c we /ay to po9t out ! _m in/ances 9 :i*1 invad+ ! doma9 ( politics1 ! ,t5-dai abbots ) _! armies ( monks1 hav+ made _! mona/]ies milit>y ars5als & issu+ =? clad 9 armor z infantry & cavalry1 h turn$ ! scale ( battle or dictat$ policies to emp]ors4 ,l ! ,praetorian gu>d ( ,rome or ! cl]ical militia 9 ,spa91 ^! m5 ( ke5 intellect h left _! m>ks deep ^u ! social & political hi/ory ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y dwelt4 ,!y h und]/ood ?or\ghly ! art ( practis+ religion = ! sake ( rev5ue4 ,to secure _! ends1 prie/s h made p>tn]%ips ) o!r sects2 9 ord] to hold ,%9t %r9es1 !y h m>ri$ to secure heirs & make (fice h]$it>y2 & f9ally 9 ! ,purification ( #ahgj1 :5 ! ,riybu sy/em 0 bl[n to ! w9ds by ! ,japanese ,gov]nm5t1 n a few prie/s ( ?is sect became laym51 9 ord] to keep bo? (fice & emolum5t 9 ! purifi$ ,%9t %r9es4 ,! ,sect ( ! ,true ,^w4 ,x is probable t ! conque/ & oblit]ation ( ,%9t might h be5 accompli%$ by "s prie/ or prie/s ( ! ,t5-dai sect1 _h su* a g5ius z ,kb be5 f\nd 9 its h\sehold2 b ?is great a*ievem5t 0 res]v$ = ! man :o introduc$ into ,japan ! ,%9-gon ,%u1 or ,sect ( ! ,true ,^w4 ,! t]m gon is ! equival5t ( ,mantra1#bj a ,sanskrit t]m mean+ ^w1 b 9 lat] use ref]r+ to ! my/ic salutations address$ to ! ,buddhi/ gods4 ,! doctr9e ( ?is sect is a great secret law4 ,x tea*es u t we c atta9 to ! /ate ( ! ',great ,enlight5$1' t is ! /ate ( ',buddha1' :ile 9 ! pres5t physical body1 :i* 0 born ( our p>5ts 7& :i* consi/s ( six elem5ts1#ba ,e>?1 ,wat]1 ,fire1 ,w9d1 ,e!r1 & ,k71 if we foll[ ! ?ree great secret laws1 reg>d+ ,body1 ,spee*1 & ,?\ght4#bb ,! hi/ory ( ! transmission ( ! doctr9e f ! greate/ ( ! _s-bodi$ ,buddhas to ! hi/oric f\nd]1 ,vagrabodhi1 is c>efully giv54 ,! latt] 0 a man v le>n$ 9 reg>d to _m doctr9es ( ,buddhism & o!r religi\s1 & 0 especially well acqua9t$ ) ! deepe/ mean+ ( ! doctr9e ( ?is sect1 :i* he taught 9 ,india = a consid]able "t4 ,! doctr9e is record$ 9 sev]al sutras1 yet ! ess5tial po9t is no?+ b ! ,m&ala1 or circle ( ! two p>ts1 or1 9 ,japanese1 ,riybu4 ,! great prea*]1 ,vagrabodhi1 9 #gbj ,a4,d41 came ) 8 disciples to ! capital ( ,*9a1 & translat$ ! sacr$ books1 sev5ty-sev5 9 numb]4 ,?is doctr9e is ! well-kn[n ,yoga-*>a1 :i* has be5 well set =? by ,doctor ,edk9s 9 8 s*ol>ly volume on ,*9ese ,buddhism4 ,z yoga becomes 9 pla9 ,engli% yoke1 & z mantra is f ! same root z man & m9d1 we h no difficulty 9 recogniz+ ! orig9al mean+ ( ^! t]ms2 ! "o 9 its nobl] significance ref]r+ to union ) ,buddha or ,gnosis1 & ! o!r to ! ?\ght tak+ l(ty expression or be+ debas$ to hocus-pocus 9 *>m or amulet4 ,l ! hi/ory ( s _m ,sanskrit words z n[ utt]$ 9 e-day ,engli% spee*1 ! /ory ( ! ^w mantra =ms a picture ( m5tal processes & app>5tly ( ! degradation ( ?\ght1 or1 z "s w d\btless say1 ( ! decay ( religion4 ,! t]m mantra meant fir/1 a ?\ght2 !n ?\ght express$2 !n a ,v$ic hymn or text2 next a spell or *>m4 ,su* h be5 ! lat] associations1 9 ,india1 ,*9a & ,japan ) ! t]m mantra4 ,! burd5 ( ! philosophy ( ! ,%9-gon1 look$ at f "o po9t ( view1 is my/icism1 & f ano!r1 pan!ism4 ,"o ( ! =ms ( ,buddha is ! pr9ciple ( ev]y?+4 ,!re are t5 /ages ( ?\ght1 & !re are two p>ts1 l5g?wise & crosswise or exot]ic & esot]ic4 ,o!r doctr9es ( ,buddhism repres5t ! fir/1 or exot]ic /age2 & ^? ( ! ,%9-gon or true ^w1 ! second1 or esot]ic4 ,! primordial pr9ciple is id5tical ) t ( ,maha-,vairokana1 "o ( ! =ms#bc ( ,buddha4 ,! body1 ! ^w & ! ?\ght are ! ?ree my/]ies1 :i* be+ f\nd 9 all be+s1 animate & inanimate1 are to be fully und]/ood only by ,buddhas1 & n by ord9>y m54 ,to %[ ! actual me?od ( intellectual proc$ure 9 ord] to rea* ,buddha-hood1 _m categories1 tables & diagrams are necess>y2 b ! cr[n+ t5et1 mo/ f> rea*+ 9 its practical influ5ce1 is ! tea*+ t x is possible to rea* ! /ate ( ,buddha-hood 9 ?is pres5t body4 ,z discipl9e = ! atta9m5t ( excell5ce along ! pa? m>k$ out 9 ! ,mantra sect1 !re are ?ree my/ic rites3 7#a7 wor%ipp+ ! ,buddha ) ! h& 9 c]ta9 positions call$ signs2 7#b7 repeat+ ,dh>ani1 or my/ic =mulas2 7#c7 contemplation4 ,kb himself & all ^? :o imitat$ him1 practis$ fa/+ 9 ord] to cle> ! spiritual eyesight4 ,! ?9k+-*airs1 s conspicu\s 9 _m old mona/]ies1 ?\gh w>m$ at int]vals ?r\gh ! ages by ! liv+ bodies ( m5 absorb$ 9 contemplation1 are r>ely mu* worn by ! sitt]s1 because almo/ absolute cessation ( motion *>act]izes ! long & h>d ?9k]s ( ! ,%9-gon philosoph]s4 ,! idols 9 ! ,%9-gon temples repres5t _m a sa9t & disciple1 :o1 by p]sev]ance 9 :at a critic ( ,buddhism calls m9d-murd]1 & ! use ( my/ic f+] twi/+s & magic =mulas1 has won ei!r ! ,nirvana or ! p5ultimate /age ( ! ,bodhisattva4 ,9 ! s]mons & disc\rses ( ,%9-gon1 ! subtle po9ts ( an argum5t are seiz$ & elaborat$4 ,^! are my/ical on ! "o side1 & pan!i/ic on ! o!r4 ,x is easily se5 h[ ,buddha1 be+ 9 ,japanese gods z well z m51 & no be+ )\t ,buddha1 ! way is made cle> = t k9d ( a m>riage betwe5 ,buddhism & ,%9t1 9 :i* ! two become "o1 & t "o1 z to rev5ue & advantage1 ,buddhism4 ,tru? ,made ,app>5t by ,"o's ,own ,?\ght4 ,! ,japanese ( to-day (t5 speak ( ^! sev5 religi\s bodies :i* we h enum]at$ & describ$1 z ! old sects1 because mu* ( ! philosophy1 & _m ( ! =ms & pray]s1 are common to all1 or1 m accurately speak+1 are popul>ly suppos$ to be2 :ile ! prie/s1 be+ celibates1 refra9 f sak1 fle% & fi%1 & f all intimate relations ) wom54 ,yet1 al?\gh ^! sects are consid]$ to be m or less con=mable to ! canon ( ! ,great] ,vehicle1 & :ile ! la/ ?ree c]ta9ly introduce _m ( its *>act]i/ic features--"o sect tea*+ t ,buddha-hood c\ld be obta9$ ev5 9 ! pres5t body ( fle% & blood--yet ! idea ( ,p>adise _h n be5 exploit$ or emphasiz$4 ,?is new gospel 0 to be introduc$ into ,japan by ! ,j-d ,%u or ,sect ( ! ,pure ,l&4 ,be=e detail+ ! features ( ,j-d1 we call att5tion to ! fact t 9 ,japan ! propagation ( ! old sects 0 accompani$ by an excessive use ( idols1 images1 pictures1 sutras1 %a/ras & all ! furniture ?\ght necess>y 9 a ,buddhi/ temple4 ,! c\rse ( ?\ght & action 9 ! ,ori5t is 9 _m respects simil> to t 9 ! ,occid5t4 ,9 we/]n l&s1 ) ! ebb & fl[ ( religi\s s5tim5t1 ! iconolat] has be5 foll[$ by ! iconocla/1 & ! ov]cr[d$ ca!drals h be5 purg$ by ! hamm] & fire ( ! ,prote/ant & ,puritan4 ,s 9 ,japan we f9d analog\s1 ?\gh n exactly simil>1 reactions4 ,! rise & prosp]ity ( ! believ]s 9 ! ,z5 dogmas1 :i* 9 _! e>ly hi/ory us$ sp>+ly ! eikon1 idol & sutra1 give "s indication ( prote/ aga9/ too mu* use ( ext]nals 9 religion4 ,may we call !m ! ,quak]s ( ,japanese ,buddhism8 ,c]ta9ly1 !irs 0 a movem5t 9 ! direction ( simplicity4 ,! introduction ( ! ,z51 or contemplative sect1 did1 9 a s5se1 bo? prec$e & foll[ t ( ,%+on4 ,! ^w ,z5 is a %ort5$ =m ( ! t]m ,z5na1 :i* is a translit]ation into ,*9ese ( ! ,sanskrit ^w ,dhyana1 or contemplation4 ,x tea*es t ! tru? is n 9 tradition or 9 books1 b 9 "o's self4 ,emphasis is laid on introspection r ?an on language4 ,look c>efully )9 & !re y w f9d ! ,buddha1 is its *ief t5et4 ,9 ! ,z5 mona/]ies1 ! *air ( contemplation is1 or ought to be1 always 9 use4 ,! ,z5 ,%u movem5t may be said to h aris5 out ( a reaction aga9/ ! multiplication ( idols4 ,x indicat$ a return to simpl] =ms ( wor%ip & conduct4 ,let u inquire h[ ?is 04 ,x may be said t ,buddhism1 especially ,nor!rn ,buddhism1 is a va/1 complicat$ sy/em4 ,x has a lit]ature & a sacr$ canon :i* "o c ?9k ( only 9 connection ) long tra9s ( camels to c>ry1 or freight tra9s to transport1 or %ips a good deal bigg] ?an ! ,mayfl[] to import4 ,its multitud9\s rules & sy/ems ( discipl9e appall ! _s & we>y ! fle% ev5 to enum]ate !m2 s t1 f "o po9t ( view1 ! mak+ ( new sects is a necessity4 ,^! are labor-sav+ inv5tions4 ,!y are attempts to r$uce ! great bulk ( scriptures to manageable proportions4 ,!y seek to f9d1 z x 71 ! "m-liquor ( ! great ocean1 s z to express ! tru? 9 a cry/al4 ,h5ce ! endeavors to simplify1 to cond5se2 "h1 by a selection ( sutras1 r ?an ! :ole collection2 !re1 by emphasis on a s+le feature & a det]m9ation to put ! :ole ?+ 9 a =m :i* c be grasp$1 ei!r by ! elect few or by ! p at l>ge4 ,! ,z5 sect did ?is 9 a m rational way ?an t set =? z or?odox by lat] prie/craft1 :i* taught t to ! believ] :o simply turn$ r\nd ! revolv+ libr>y conta9+ ! canon1 ! m]it ( hav+ read x all w\ld be imput$4 ,! r9-z#bd f\nd ne> ! l>ge temples1--! cunn+ inv5tion ( a ,*9ese prie/ 9 ! six? c5tury1--soon became popul> 9 ,japan4 ,! great wood5 book-case turn+ on a pivot conta9s #f1gga volumes1 t be+ ! numb] ( canonical volumes enum]at$ 9 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,! ,z5 sect tea*es t1 besides all ! doctr9es ( ! ,great] & ! ,less] ,vehicles1 :e!r hidd5 or app>5t1 !re is "o di/9ct l9e ( transmission ( a secret doctr9e :i* is n subject to any utt]ance at all4 ,accord+ to _! t5et ( contemplation1 "o is to see directly ! key to ! ?\ght ( ,buddha by 8 own ?\ght1 ?us free+ himself f ! multitude ( diff]5t doctr9es--! numb] ( :i* is said to be eighty-f\r ?\s&4 ,9 fact1 ,z5 ,%u or ,dhyana sect tea*es ! %ort me?od ( mak+ tru? app>5t by "o's own ?\ght1 ap>t f ! writ+s4 ,! /ory ( ! transmission ( ! true ,z5 doctr9e is ?is3 ,:5 ! bless$ ,%aka 0 at ! assembly on ,vulture's ,peak1 !re came ! heav5ly k+1 :o (f]$ ! ,buddha a gold5-color$ fl[] & ask$ him to prea* ! law4 ,! ,bless$ ,"o simply took ! fl[] & held x 9 8 h&1 b said no ^w4 ,no "o 9 ! :ole assembly c\ld tell :at he meant4 ,! v5]able ,mahahasyapa alone smil$4 ,?an ! ,bless$ ,"o said to him1 ',i h ! wond]ful ?\ght ( ,nirvana1 ! eye ( ! ,"r ,law1 :i* ,i %all n[ give to y4'#be ,?us 0 u%]$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ?\ght transmitt$ by ?\ght4 ,aft] tw5ty-eight patri>*s _h taught ! doctr9e ( contemplation1 ! la/ came into ,*9a 9 ,a4,d4 #ebj1 & tri$ to tea* ! ,emp]or ! secret key ( ,buddha's ?\ght4 ,?is mission>y ,bodhidh>ma 0 ! ?ird son ( a k+ ( ! ,ka%is1 9 ,s\!rn ,india1 & ! hi/oric orig9al ( ! tobacconi/'s %op-sign 9 ,japan1 :o is kn[n z ,d>uma4 ,! imp]ial ,*9aman 0 n yet able to und]/& ! secret key ( ,buddha's ?\ght4 ,s ! ,h9du mission>y w5t to ! mona/]y on ,m\nt ,su1 :]e 9 m$itation1 he sat d[n cross-legg$ ) 8 face to a wall1 = n9e ye>s1 by :i* "t1 says ! leg5d1 8 legs _h rott$ (f & he look$ l a sn[-image4 ,dur+ t p]iod1 p did n "k him1 & call$ him simply ! ,wall-gaz+ ,brahmana4 ,aft]w>d he _h a numb] ( disciples1 b !y _h diff]5t views t are call$ ! transmissions ( ! sk91 fle%1 or bone ( ! tea*]4 ,only "o ( !m got ! :ole body ( 8 tea*+s4 ,two great sects 7 =m$3 ! ,nor!rn1 :i* 0 undivid$1 & ! ,s\!rn1 :i* bran*$ (f into five h\ses & sev5 s*ools4 ,! ,nor!rn ,sect 0 introduc$ into ,japan by a ,*9ese prie/ 9 #gbi ,a4,d41 :ile ! ,s\!rn 0 n br\ght ov] until ! twelf? c5tury4 ,9 bo? x is taught t p]fect tranquillity ( body & m9d is ess5tial to salvation4 ,! doctr9e is ! mo/ sublime "o1 ( ?\ght transmitt$ by ?\ght be+ entirely indep5d5t ( any lett]s or words4 ,ano!r "n = !m is1 ,! ,sect ^: ,m9d ,assimilates ) ,buddha1 direct f :om x claims to h receiv$ its articles ( fai?4 ,too (t5 ?is idea ( ,buddha%ip1 consi/+ ( absolute fre$om f matt] & ?\ght1 means practically m9d-murd]1 & ! empt9ess ( idle rev]ie4 ,contra/+ mod]n reality ) _! anci5t ideal1 x mu/ be confess$ t 9 practice !re is n a little lett] wor%ip & a good deal ( p$antry2 =1 9 all ! tea*+s ( ab/ract pr9ciples by ! diff]5t sects1 !re are endless puns or plays ^u words 9 ! r5d]+s ( ,*9ese *>act]s4 ,?is arises f t anti!sis ( extreme pov]ty 9 s\nds ) amaz+ luxuriance 9 writt5 expression1 :i* *>act]izes bo? ! ,*9ese & ,japanese languages4 ,9 ! temples we f9d t ! lat] deities introduc$ into ! ,buddhi/ pan!on are "h also welcome1 & t ! triads or gr\ps ( ?ree preci\s ones1 ! ,buddhi/ tr9ity1 s-call$1#bf are surr\nd$ by gods ( ,*9ese or ,japanese orig94 ,! ,z5 sect1 accord+ to its pr(essions & e>ly hi/ory1 ought to be indiff]5t to worldly honors & emolum5ts1 & inde$ _m ( its devotees are4 ,its hi/ory1 h[ev]1 %[s h[ poorly mortals live up to _! pr9ciples & practise :at !y prea*4 ,fur!rmore1 ^! pr(essors ( peace & ( ! joys ( ! inn] life 9 ! ,s-t or sub-sect h made ! tw5ty-fif? & tw5ty-six? ye>s ( ,meiji1 or ,a4,d4 #ahic & #ahid1 fam\s & !mselves infam\s by _! long-cont9u$ & sc&al\s inte/9e qu>rels4 ,( ! ?ree sub-sects1 ^? call$ ,r9-zai & ,s-t1 take _! names f ,*9ese monks ( ! n9? c5tury2 :ile ! ?ird1 ,o-baku1 f\nd$ 9 ,japan 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 is "o ( ! late/ importations ( ,*9ese ,buddhi/ic ?\ght 9 ! ,l& ( ! ,ris+ ,sun4 ,japanese au?ors usually classify ! fir/ six d5om9ations at :i* we h glanc$1 "s ( :i* are phases ( ?\ght r ?an organizations1 z ! anci5t sects4 ,t5-dai & ,%9-gon are ! m$ieval sects4 ,! rema9+ f\r1 ( :i* we %all n[ treat1 & :i* are m p>ticul>ly ,japanese 9 _s & developm5t1 are ! mod]n sects4 ,,*apt] ,,ix - ,,! ,,buddhism ,,( ,,! ,,japanese ,a drop ( spray ca/ by ! inf9ite ,i hung an in/ant !re1 & ?rew my ray ,to make ! ra9b[4 ,a microcosm ,i ,reflect+ all4 ,!n back ,i fell aga91 ,& ?\gh ,i p]i%$ n1 ,i 0 no m4-- ,! ,pan!i/'s ,epitaph4 ,buddhism is ess5tially a religion ( compromise4 ,:]e ,*ri/ianity has ,"o ,"l1 ,buddhism has a doz54 ,i ?9k ,i may safely *all5ge ! ,buddhi/ prie/hood to give a pla9 hi/orical acc\nt ( ! ,life ( ,amida1 ,kwannon1 ,da9i*i1 or any o!r ,mahyna ,buddha1 )\t be+ 9 s]i\s dang] ( =feit+ my /akes4 ,*ri/ianity op5ly puts ?is ,absolute ,uncondition$ ,ess5ce 9 ! =efront ( its tea*+4 ,9 ,buddhism ?is absolute exi/5ce is only put =w>d1 :5 ! logic ( circum/ances compels its tea*]s to h rec\rse to x4--,a4 ,lloyd1 9 ,! ,high] ,buddhism 9 ! ,light ( ! ,nic5e cre$4 ,n[ ^! six *>act]s1 ',na-mu-,a-mi-da-,butsu1' ,z5d- has expla9$ z foll[s3 ',namn' means our foll[+ ,8 behe/--& also ,8 utt]+ ! ,pray] & be/[+ m]it ^u u4 ',amida ,butsu' is ! practice ( ?is1 consequ5tly by ?is means a c]ta9ty ( salvation is atta9$4 ,by reason ( ! conf]r+ on u s5ti5t creators ( ?is great goodness & great m]it ?r\gh ! utt]ance ( ! ,pray]1 & ! be/[al by ,amida ! evil ,k>ma & effect ( ! passions accumulat$ ?r\gh ! long ,kalpas1 s9ce :5 !re 0 no beg9n+1 are 9 a mom5t annihilat$1 & 9 consequ5ce1 ^? passions & evil ,k>ma ( ours all disappe>+1 we live already 9 ! condition ( ! /eadfa/1 :o d n return to revolve 9 ! cycle ( ,bir? & ,dea?4--,r5ny ( ! ,%9 sect1 #adgc4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w1 & ! ,^w 0 ) ,god1 & ! ,^w 0 ,god4--,john4 ,! ,fa!r ( lights1 ) :om !re is no v>iabl5ess1 nei!r %ad[ ( turn+4--,james4 ,,*apt] ,,ix - ,,! ,,buddhism ,,( ,,! ,,japanese ,! ,we/]n ,p>adise4 ,we _c take space to %[ h[1 or h[ mu*1 or :e!r at all1 ,buddhism 0 affect$ by ,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh x probably 04 ,suffice x to say t ! ,j-d ,%u1 or ,sect ( ! ,pure ,l&1 0 ! fir/ ( ! _m d5om9ations 9 ,buddhism :i* def9itely & cle>ly set =? t especial peculi>ity ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism1 ! ,we/]n ,p>adise4 ,! s*ool ( ?\ght :i* issu$ 9 ,j-d ,%u 0 f\nd$ by ! ,h9doo1 ,memio4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #beb an ,indian s*ol>1 le>n$ 9 ! ,tripitaka1 came to ,*9a1 & translat$ "o ( ! great sutras1 call$ ,amitayus4 ,?is sutra gives a hi/ory ( ,ta?agata ,amitabha1#a f ! fir/ spiritual impulses :i* l$ him to ! atta9m5t ( ,buddha-hood 9 remote ,kalpas d[n to ! pres5t "t1 :5 he dwells 9 ! ,we/]n ,_w1 call$ ! ,happy1 :]e he receives all liv+ be+s f e direction1 help+ !m to turn away f confusion & to become enlight5$4#b ,! apocalyptic tw5tie? *apt] ( ! ,hokk ,ki is a glorification ( ! transc5d5t p[] ( ! ,ta?agatas1 express$ 9 flamboyant ori5tal rhetoric4 ,we h be=e call$ att5tion to ! fact t1 ) ! multiplication ( sutras or ! ,sacr$ ,canon & ! va/ increase ( ! app>atus ( ,buddhism z well z ( ! h>d%ips ( bra9 & body to be und]gone 9 ord] to be a ,buddhi/1 x 0 absolutely necess>y t "s labor-sav+ sy/em %\ld be devis$ by :i* ! burd5 c\ld be borne4 ,n[1 z a matt] ( fact1 all sects claim to f\nd _! doctr9e on ,buddha or 8 "w4 ,accord+ to ! tea*+ ( c]ta9 sects1 ! means ( salvation are to be f\nd 9 ! /udy ( ! :ole canon1 & 9 ! practice ( asceticism & m$itation4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! new lights ( ,buddhism :o came z mission>ies into ,*9a1 prote/$ aga9/ ?is exp5diture ( s mu* m5tal & physical en]gy4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ,*9ese propagators ( ! ,j-d doctr9e decl>$ t x 0 impossible1 ow+ to ! decay ( religion 9 8 own age1 = anyone to be sav$ 9 ?is way by 8 own ef=ts4 ,h5ce1 in/ead ( ! noble eight-fold pa? ( primitive ,buddhism1 or ( ! complicat$ sy/em ( ! lat] ,buddhi/ic ,ph>iseeism ( ,india1 he sub/itut$ = ! difficult road to ,nirvana1 a simple fai? 9 ! all-sav+ p[] ( ,amida4 ,9 "o ( ! sutras x is taught1 t if a man keeps 9 8 memory ! "n ( ,amida "o day1 or sev5 days1 ! ,buddha toge!r ) ,buddhas elect1 w meet him at ! mom5t ( 8 dea?1 9 ord] to let him be born 9 ! ,pure ,l&1 & t ?is matt] has be5 equally approv$ by all o!r ,buddhas ( t5 diff]5t directions4 ,"o ( ! sutras1 translat$ 9 ,*9a dur+ ! fif? c5tury1 conta9s ! tea*+ ( ,buddha1 :i* he deliv]$ to ! wife ( ! ,k+ ( ,magudha1 :o on acc\nt ( ! wick$ness ( h] son 0 feel+ we>y ( ?is _w4 ,he %[$ h] h[ %e might be born into ! ,pure ,l&4 ,?ree pa?s ( good actions 7 po9t$ out4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! p>ticul> sutra :i* he advis$ h] to read & recite1 ,buddha says3 ,let n "o's voice cease1 b t5 times complete ! ?\ght1 & repeat ! =mula1 ( ! adoration ( ,amida4 ,?is practice1 adds ! ,japanese exegete & hi/orian1 is ! mo/ excell5t ( all4 ,h[ well ?is latt] tea*+ is practis$ may be demon/rat$ :5 "o goes into a ,buddhi/ temple ( ! ,j-d sect 9 ,japan1 & he>s ! con/ant refra91--murmur$ by ! score or m ( li/5]s to ! s]mon1 or swell+ l ! ro> ( ! ocean's waves1 on fe/ival days1 :5 ?\s&s sit on ! mats b5ea? ! frett$ ro( to enjoy ! exposition ( doctr9e--,namu ,amida ,butsu--,glory to ! ,et]nal ,buddha6#c ,! apo/olical succession or transmission ?r\gh ! patri>*s & apo/les ( ,india & ,*9a1 is well kn[n & cle>ly /at$1 )al duly accr$it$ & embelli%$ ) signs & wond]s1 9 ! hi/orical lit]ature ( ! ,j-d sect4 ,9 ,buddhism1 z 9 ,*ri/ianity1 ! que/ions relat+ to ,true ,*ur*ism1 ,high ,*ur*ism1 ! succession ( ! apo/les1 tea*]s & rul]s1 & ! validity ( ?is or t me?od ( ord9ation1 =m a l>ge "p ( ! lit]ature ( controv]sy4 ,nev]!less1 z 9 ! case ( _m a ,*ri/ian sect :i* calls itself ! only true *ur*1 ! date ( ! organization ( ,j-d 0 c5turies lat] ?an t ( ! ,f\nd] & apo/les ( ! orig9al fai?4 ,five hundr$ ye>s aft] ,z5-d 7,a4,d4 #fjj-fej71 ! great propagator ( ! ,j-d philosophy1 ,h-n51 ! f\nd] ( ! ,j-d sect1 0 born2 & ?is phase ( organiz$ ,buddhism1 l t ( ,%9 ,%u & ,ni*ir] ,%u1 may be class$ "u ! head ( ,ea/]n or ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,:5 only n9e ye>s ( age1 ! boy aft]w>d call$ ,h-n51 0 conv]t$ by 8 fa!r's dy+ words4 ,he w5t to s*ool 9 8 native prov9ce1 b 8 prie/-tea*] =esee+ 8 greatness1 s5t him to ! mona/]y ( ,hiyizan1 ne> ,kito4 ,! boy's lett] ( introduction conta9$ only ^! words3 ,i s5d y an image ( ! ,bodhisattva1 7,mon-ju7 ,manjusri4 ,! boy %av$ 8 head & receiv$ ! precepts ( ! ,t5-dai sect1 b 9 8 eighte5? ye>1 waiv+ ! prospect ( obta9+ ! head%ip ( ! great d5om9ation1 he built a hut 9 ! ,black ,rav9e & !re five times read ?r\gh ! five ?\s& volumes#d ( ! ,tripitaka4 ,he did ?is = ! purpose ( f9d+ out1 = ! ord9>y & ignorant p ( ! pres5t day1 h[ to escape f mis]y4 ,he /udi$ ,z5-d's comm5t>y1 & repeat$ 8 exam9ation eight times4 ,at la/1 he notic$ a passage 9 x beg9n+ ) ! words1 ,*iefly rememb] or repeat ! "n ( ,amida ) a :ole & undivid$ he>t4 ,!n he at once und]/ood ! ?\ght ( ,z5-d1 :o taught 9 8 "w t :oev] at any "t practises to rememb] ,buddha1 or calls 8 "n ev5 b once1 w ga9 ! "r effect ( go+ to be born 9 ! ,pure ,l& aft] dea?4 ,?is ,japanese /ud5t !n ab&on$ all sorts ( practices :i* he _h hi!rto foll[$ = ye>s1 & began to repeat ! "n ( ,amida ,buddha sixty ?\s& times a day4 ,?is ev5t occurr$ 9 ,a4,d4 #aage4 ,h-n51 ,f\nd] ( ! ,pure ,l& ,sect4 ,?is pa?-f9d] to ! ,pure ,l&1 :o develop$ a special doctr9e ( salvation1 is be/ kn[n by 8 po/hum\s title ( ,h-n54 ,dur+ 8 lifetime he 0 v fam\s & became ! spiritual preceptor ( ?ree ,mikados4 ,aft] 8 dea? 8 biography 0 compil$ 9 =ty-eight volumes by imp]ial ord]1 & lat]1 ?ree o!r emp]ors copi$ or republi%$ x4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ,japan ?is sect has be5 "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial1 especially ) ! imp]ial & %gunal families4 ,9 ,kito ! magnific5t temples & mona/]ies ( ,*in-91 & 9 ,tki ,z-j-ji1 are ! *ief seats ( ! two pr9cipal divisions ( ?is sect4 ,! gorge\s mausoleums1--well kn[n to e =eign t\ri/1--at ,%iba & ,uyno 9 ,tki1 & ! clu/]$ & mat*less spl5dors ( ,nikk1 belong to ?is sect1 :i* has be5 "u ! patronage ( ! illu/ri\s l9e ( ! ,tokugawa1#e :ile its temples & %r9es are numb]$ by _m ?\s&s4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,j-d1 or ! ,pure ,l& ,sect1 is easily disc]n$4 ,"o ( ,buddha's disciples said1 t 9 ! tea*+s ( ! ,ma/] !re are two divisions or vehicles4 ,9 ! ,maha-yana also !re are two gates2 ! ,holy pa?1 & ! ,pure ,l&4 ,! ,small] ,vehicle is ! doctr9e by :i* ! imm$iate disciples ( ,buddha & ^? = five hundr$ ye>s succe$+1 practis$ ! v>i\s virtues & discipl9e4 ,! gateway ( ! ,maha-yana is also ! doctr9e1 by :i* 9 addition to ! tra9+s m5tion$1 !re are also und]/ood ! ?ree virtues ( spiritual body1 wisdom & deliv]ance4 ,! man :o is able successfully to complete ?is c\rse ( discipl9e & practice is no ord9>y p]son1 b is suppos$ to possess m]it produc$ f good actions p]=m$ 9 a =m] /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,! doctr9e by :i* man may d s1 is call$ ! gate ( ! ,holy ,pa?4 ,dur+ ! fifte5 hundr$ ye>s aft] ,buddha !re 7 f "t to "t1 su* p]sonages 9 ! _w1 :o atta9$ ! end ( ! ,holy ,pa?2 b 9 ^! latt] days p are m ins9c]e1 covet\s & cont5ti\s1 & ! discipl9e is too h>d = deg5]ate times & m54 ,! ?ree tra9+s already spok5 ( are ! correct causes ( deliv]ance2 b if p ?9k !m z useless z la/ ye>'s almanac1 :5 c !y complete _! deliv]ance8 ,h-n51 deeply m$itat+ on ?is1 %ut up ! gate ( ! ,holy ,pa? & op5$ t ( ! ,pure ,l&2 = 9 ! =m] ! effective deliv]ance is expect$ 9 ?is _w by ! ?ree tra9+s ( morality1 ?\ght & le>n+1 b 9 ! latt] ! great fruit ( go+ to be born 9 ! ,pure ,l& aft] dea?1 is expect$ ?r\gh ! sole practice ( repeat+ ,buddha's "n4 ,moreov]1 x is n easy to accompli% ! cause & effect ( ! ,holy ,pa?1 b bo? ^? ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,pure ,l& are v easy to be complet$4 ,! diff]5ce is l t betwe5 travell+ by l& & travell+ by wat]4#f ,! doctr9es prea*$ by ! ,buddha are eighty-f\r ?\s& 9 numb]2 t is to say1 he taught "o k9d ( p "o sy/em1 t ( ! ,holy ,pa?1 & ano!r k9d t ( ! ,pure ,l&4 ,! ,pure ,l& doctr9e ( ,h-n5 0 d]iv$ f ! sutra prea*$ by ! great tea*] ,%aka4 ,?is simple doctr9e ( l& travel to ,p>adise 0 "o :i* ! p ( ,japan c\ld easily und]/&1 & x became amaz+ly popul>4 ,salvation along ?is r\te is a case ( be+ c>ri$ to ! skies on fl[]y b$s ( ease1 :ile o!rs s\ght to w9 ! prize & sail$ ?r\gh bloody seas4 ,l>gely ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,j-d ,%u & ( ^? sects mo/ closely alli$ to x1 ! te*nical t]ms1 peculi> phraseology & vocabul>y ( ,buddhism became "p ( ! daily spee* ( ! ,japanese4 ,:5 "o /udies _! language he f9ds t x is a complicat$ organism1 includ+ )9 itself sev]al di/9ct sy/ems4 ,j z ! human body h>monizes )9 itself su* va/ly diff]+ organiz$ functions z ! osse\s1 dige/ive1 respiratory1 etc41 s1 emb$d$ 9 :at is call$ ! ,japanese language1 !re are1 also1 a ,*9ese vocabul>y1 a polite v]nacul>1 "o sy/em ( expression = sup]iors1 ano!r = inf]iors1 etc4 ,la/ ( all1 !re is1 besides a peculi> sy/em ( pronunciation taught by ! prie/s1 a ,buddhi/ language1 :i* sugge/s a firmam5t ( />ry & a prairie ( fl[]y metaphors1 ) int]m$iate deeps ( space full ( figurative expressions4 ,9 our own "m tongue we h some?+ simil>4 ,! dialect ( ,canaan1 ! importations ( ,judaism1 ! irruptions ( ,hebraic idioms1 phrases & names into ,puritanism1 & ! ejaculations ( ! camp-meet+1 :i* ve9 & color our ,engli% spee*1 may give "s idea ( ! v>iegat$ /ra9s :i* make up ! ,japanese language4 ,fur!r1 ! peculi> nom5clature ( ! ,fif? ,mon>*y m51 is fully p>allel$ 9 ! p]sonal names ( prie/s & ev5 ( laym5 9 ,japan4 ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,j-d ,sect4 ,h-n5 tea*es t ! solution ( ab/ract que/ions & doctr9al controv]sies is n ne$$ z means ( grace to promote ! "w ( salvation4 ,:e!r ! prie/s & _! foll[]s 7 le>n$ & dev\t1 or ! contr>y1 matt]$ little z reg>ds ! f9al result1 z all t is necess>y is ! cont9ual repetition ( ! pray] to ,amida4 ,x may be add$ t 8 foll[]s practise ! ma/]'s precepts ) emphasis4 ,_! incessant p\nd+ ^u wood5 fi%-drums & bladd]-%ap$ bells dur+ _! public ex]cises1 is z noisy z a fronti] camp-meet+4 ,! ros>y is a notable feature 9 ! private devotions ( ! ,buddhi/s1 b ! ,j-d sect makes especial use ( ! d\ble ros>y1 :i* 0 inv5t$ ) ! idea ( be+ manipulat$ by ! left h& only2 ?is gave fre$om to ! "r h&1 facilitat+ a happy comb9ation ( spiritual & secul> duty4 ,at fun]als ( believ]s a p>ticul> c]emony 0 exclusively practis$ by ?is sect1 at :i* ! fri5ds ( ! deceas$ sat 9 a circle fac+ ! prie/1 mak+ z _m repetitions z possible4#g ,9 ,mohamm$an c\ntries1 bl9d m51 :o _c look d[n into ! surr\nd+ g>d5s or h\se tops at ! pretty wom5 9 or on !m1 b :o h cle> & p5etrat+ voices1 are (t5 *os5 u muezz9s to utt] ! call to pray] f ! m9>ets4 ,on mu* ! same pr9ciple1 9 ,old ,japan1 ,j-d prie/s1 bl9d to metaphysics1 b h&some1 elegantly dress$ & ) f9e deliv]y1 w5t ab\t ! /reets s++ & inton+ pray]s1 ri* pres5ts be+ made to !m1 especially by ! ladies4 ,! ,j-d p cultivate art & ae/hetic ornam5tation to a notable degree4 ,!y also und]/& ! art ( fictiti\s & s5sational miracle-mong]+4 ,x is said t ,z5-d1 ! fam\s ,*9ese f\nd] ( ?is ,*9ese sect1 :5 writ+ 8 comm5t>y1 pray$ = a wond]ful exhibition ( sup]natural p[]4 ,!reupon1 a be+ array$ z a prie/ ( dignifi$ pres5ce gave him in/ruction on ! division ( ! text 9 8 fir/ volume4 ,h5ce ,z5-d treats 8 own "w z if x 7 ! "w ( ,buddha1 & says t no "o is all[$ ei!r to add or to take away ev5 a ^w or s5t5ce ( ! book4 ,! ,pure ,l& is ! we/]n _w :]e ,amida lives4 ,x is p]fectly pure & free f faults4 ,^? :o wi% to g ?i!r w c]ta9ly be re-born !re1 b o!rwise !y w n4 ,?is _w1 on ! contr>y1 is ! effect ( ! action ( all be+s1 s t ev5 ^? :o d n wi% to be born "h are nev]!less oblig$ to come4 ,?is _w is call$ ! ,pa? ( ,pa91 because x is full ( all sorts ( pa9s1 su* z bir?1 old age1 disease1 dea?1 etc4 ,?is is !re=e a _w n to be atta*$ to1 b to be e/rang$ & sep>at$ f4 ,"o :o is disgu/$ ) ?is _w1 & :o is fill$ ) desire = t _w1 w aft] dea? be born !re4 ,n to d\bt ab\t ^! words ( ,buddha1 ev5 9 ! slighte/ degree1 is call$ deep fai?2 b if "o ent]ta9s ! lea/ d\bts he w n be born !re4 ,h5ce ! say+3 ,9 ! great sea ( ! law ( ,buddha1 fai? is ! only means to ent]4 ,salvation ,?r\gh ! ,m]its ( ,ano!r4 ,9 ?is absolute tru/ 9 ! all-sav+ p[] ( ,amida z comp>$ ) ! ways promulgat$ be=e1 we see ! em]g5ce ( ! ,buddhi/ doctr9e ( ju/ification by fai?1 ! simplification ( !ology1 & a revolt aga9/ ,buddhi/ s*ola/icism4 ,! ,japanese te*nical t]m1 t>iki1 or rely+ ^u ! /r5g? ( ano!r1 r5\nc+ all idea ( ji-riki or self-p[]1#h is ! sub/ance ( ! ,j-d doctr9e2 b ! exp&$ t]m ta-riki *9 no ji-riki1 or self-ef=t dep5d+ on ano!r1 :ile express+ ! :ole dogma1 is r scornfully appli$ to ! ,j-di/s by ! m5 ( ! ,%9 sect4 ,! invocation ( ,amida is a m]itori\s act ( ! believ]1 mu* repetition be+ ! sub/ance ( ?is comb9ation ( p]sonal & vic>i\s "w4 ,h-n51 aft] mak+ 8 discov]y1 believ+ x possible = all mank9d ev5tually to atta9 to p]fect ,buddha%ip1 left1 z we h se51 ! ,t5-dai sect1 :i* repres5t$ p>ticul>ism & laid emphasis on ! idea ( ! elect4 ,h-n5 taught ,buddhi/ univ]salism4 ,belief & repetition ( pray] secure bir? into ! ,pure ,l& aft] ! dea? ( ! body1 & !n ! s\l moves onw>d t[>d ! p]fection ( ,buddha-hood4 ,! ,japanese 7 delight$ to h among !m a g5ius :o c\ld ?us ,japanize ,buddhism1 & ,j-d doctr9e w5t =? conqu]+ & to conqu]4 ,f ! twelf? c5tury1 ! t5d5cy ( ,japanese ,buddhism is 9 ! direction ( univ]salism & democracy4 ,9 lat] developm5ts ( ,j-d1 ! pan!i/ic t5d5cies are emphasiz$ & ! syncreti/ic p[]s are enl>g$4 ,:ile my/icism is a /rik+ feature ( ! sect & ! atta9m5t ( tru? is by ! grace ( ,amida1 yet ! native ,kami ( ,japan are logically accept$ z avat>s ( ,buddha4 ,hi/ory _h little or no rights 9 ! case2 philosophy 0 dictator1 & t philosophy 0 ,h-n5's4 ,^? lat] ,*9ese deities made by p]sonify+ attributes or ab/ract ideas1 :i* sprang up aft] ! introduction ( ,buddhism into ,*9a1 are also welcom$ into ! temples ( ?is sect4 ,t ! common p really believe t !y !mselves may atta9 ,buddha-hood at dea?1 & ent] ! ,pure ,l&1 is %[n 9 ! fact t _! ord9>y expression = ! dead sa9t is ,hotok--a g5]al t]m = all ! gods t 7 once human4 ,"s popul> prov]bs indicate ?is 9 a =m t easily l5ds itself to irrev]5ce & m]rim5t4 ,! :ole t5d5cy ( ,japanese ,buddhism & its full mom5tum 7 n[ t[>d ! developm5t ( doctr9e ev5 to />tl+ proportions4 ,in/ead ( ! anci5t pa? ( asceticism & virtue ) agno/icism & a!ism1 we see ! means ( salvation put n[1 & p]haps too easily1 )9 ! control ( all4 ,! pa?way to ,p>adise 0 made n only exce$+ly pla91 b also extremely easy1 p]haps ev5 ridicul\sly s2 :ile ! door 0 op5 = an outbur/ ( new & local doctr9es unkn[n to ,india1 or ev5 to ,*9a4 ,! rampant vigor ) :i* ,japanese ,buddhism began to absorb ev]y?+ 9 heav51 e>? & sea1 :i* x c\ld make a wor%ipable object or cause to /& z a ,kami or deity to ! m9d1 w be se5 z we proce$4 ,! native prov]b1 in/ead ( be+ an irrev]5t joke1 /&s = an actual tru?--,ev5 a s>d9e's head may become an object ( wor%ip4 ,re=m$ ,buddhism4 ,we n[ look at :at =eign]s call ,re=m$ ,buddhism1 :i* "s ev5 imag9e has be5 borr[$ f ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity--not)/&+ t x is c5turies old] ?an ! ,re=mation 9 ,europe4 ,! ,%9 ,%u or ,true ,sect1 ?\gh really f\nd$ on ! ,j-d doctr9es1 is sep>ate f ! sect ( ! ,pure ,l&4 ,yet1 besides be+ call$ ! ,%9 ,%u1 x is also spok5 ( z ! ,j-d ,%9 ,%u or ! ,true ,sect ( ! ,pure ,l&4 ,x is ! extreme =m ( ! ,prote/antism ( ,buddhism4 ,x lays emphasis on ! idea ( salvation :olly ?r\gh ! m]its ( ano!r1 b x also pa9ts 9 ri*] t9ts ! s5su\s delights ( ! ,we/]n ,p>adise4 ,z ! t]m ,pure ,l& is anti!tical to t ( ! ,holy ,pa?1 s ! ^w ,%91 or ,true1 expresses ! contr>y ( :at are t]m$ ! tempor>y exp$i5ts4 ,:ile "s say t we %\ld practise good works1 br+ our /ock ( m]its to maturity1 & be born 9 ! ,pure ,l&1 o!rs say t we ne$ only repeat ! "n ( ,amida 9 ord] to be born 9 ! ,pure ,l&1 by ! m]it produc$ f su* repetition4 ,^! doctr9es conc]n+ repetitions1 h[ev]1 are all consid]$ b tempor>y exp$i5ts4 ,s also is ! rigid classification1 s prom95t 9 ! old sects1 ( all be+s or pupils into ?ree grades4 ,z 9 ,islam or ,calv9ism1 all believ]s /& on a level4 ,to ,%9-ran ! ,radical1 ! practices ev5 ( ,j-d seem$ complicat$ & difficult1 & all t appe>$ necess>y to him 0 fai? 9 ! desire ( ,amida to bless & save4 ,to ,%9ran1#i fai? 0 ! sole sav+ act4 ,to rely ^u ! p[] ( ! ,orig9al ,pray] ( ,amitabha ,buddha ) ! :ole he>t & give up all idea ( ji-riki or self-p[]1 is call$ ! tru?4 ,?is tru? is ! doctr9e ( ?is sect ( ,%94#aj ,9 a ^w1 n syn]gism1 n fai? & works1 b fai? only is ! tea*+ ( ,%9 ,%u4 ,%9ran1 ! f\nd] ( ?is sect 9 ,japan1 0 born ,a4,d4 #aagc & di$ 9 ! ye> #abfb4 ,he 0 v naturally "o :o _h be5 fir/ educat$ 9 ! ,j-d sect1 !n ! rul+ "o at ! imp]ial c\rt 9 ,kito4 ,%all we call him a ,japanese ,lu!r1 because ( 8 insi/5ce on salvation by fai? only8 ,he is popul>ly believ$ to h be5 desc5d$ f "o ( ! ,%9t gods1 be+ on 8 fa!r's side ! tw5ty-fir/ 9 ! l9e ( g5]ation4 ,on 8 "m's side he 0 ( ! l9eage ( ! ,m9amoto or ,g5ji1 a clan sprung f ,mikados & fam\s dur+ c5turies = its victori\s w>riors4 ,h-n5 0 8 tea*]1 & l 8 tea*]1 ,%9ran /udi$ at ! great mona/]y ne> ,kito1 le>n+ fir/ ! doctr9e ( ! ,t5dai1 & !n1 at ! age ( tw5ty-n9e1 receiv+ f ,h-n5 ! t5ets ( ! ,j-d sect4 ,%ortly aft]1 at ?irty ye>s ( age1 he began to promulgate 8 doctr9es4 ,!n he took a /ep z new to ,buddhism1 z 0 ,lu!r's union ) ,ka?>9e von ,bora1 to ! ecclesia/icism ( 8 "t4 ,he m>ri$ a lady ( ! imp]ial c\rt1 nam$ ,tamayori1 :o 0 ! daught] ( ! ,kuambaku or premi]4 ,%9ran ?us taught by example1 if n =mally & by writt5 precept1 t m>riage 0 honorable1 & t celibacy 0 an inv5tion ( ! prie/s n w>rant$ by primitive ,buddhism4 ,p5ance1 fa/+1 prescrib$ diet1 pilgrimages1 isolation f society :e!r z h]mits or 9 ! cloi/]1 & g5]ally amulets & *>ms1 are all taboo$ by ?is sect4 ,mona/]ies impos+ life-v[s are unkn[n )9 its pale4 ,family life takes ! place ( monki% seclusion4 ,dev\t pray]1 purity1 e>ne/ness ( life & tru/ 9 ,buddha himself z ! only work] ( p]fect righte\sness1 are insi/$ ^u4 ,morality is taught to be m important ?an or?odoxy4 ,9 practice1 ! ,%9 sect ev5 m ?an ! ,j-d1 tea*es t x is fai? 9 ,buddha1 :i* accompli%es ! salvation ( ! believ]4 ,in/ead ( wait+ = dea? 9 ord] to come "u ! protection ( ,amida1 ! fai?ful s\l is at once receiv$ into ! c>e ( ! ,b\ndlessly ,compassionate4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,%9 sect believes 9 in/antane\s conv]sion & sanctification4 ,betwe5 ! ,roman & ! ,re=m$ sot]iology ( ,*ri/5dom1 0 ,melanc?onism or ! cop]ate union ( ! div9e & ! human w4 ,s1 ! old ,buddhism prior to ,%9ran taught a phase ( syn]gism1 or ! union ( fai? & works4 ,%9ran1 9 8 ,re=m$ ,buddhism1 taught ! simplicity ( fai?4 ,s also 9 reg>d to ! sacr$ writ+s1 ,%9ran oppos$ ! ,san-ron s*ool & ! ?ree-grade idea4 ,! scriptures ( o!r sects are 9 ,sanskrit & ,*9ese1 :i* only ! le>n$ are able to read4 ,! special writ+s ( ,%9ran are 9 ! v]nacul>4 ,?ree ( ! sutras1 also1 h be5 translat$ into ,japanese & express$ 9 ! kana script4 ,s+l5ess ( purpose *>act]is$ ?is sect1 :i* 0 (t5 call$ ,monto1 or foll[]s ( ! gate1 9 ref]5ce to its unity ( organization1 & ! op5+ ( ! way to all by ,%9ran & ! doctr9e taught by him4 ,yet1 le/ ! gate might seem too broad1 ! ,%9 tea*]s insi/ t morality is z important z fai?1 & inde$ ! pro( ( x4 ,! high prie/s ( ,%9 ,%u h ev] held a high position & wield$ va/ influ5ce 9 ! religi\s developm5t ( ! p4 ,:ile ! temples ( o!r sects are built 9 seque/]$ places among ! hills1 ^? ( ,%9 ,%u are erect$ 9 ! he>t ( cities1 on ! ma9 /reets1 & at ! c5tres ( population1--! prie/s us+ e means )9 _! p[] to induce ! p to come to !m4 ,! alt>s are on an impos+ scale ( magnific5ce & gorge\s detail4 ,no ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* or ca!dral c out%9e ! spl5dor ( ^! temples1 9 :i* ! way to ! ,we/]n ,p>adise is made s cle> & pla94 ,ano!r "n = ! sect is ,ikko4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,%9ran1 8 y\nge/ daught] & "o ( 8 gr&sons erect$ a mona/]y ne> 8 tomb 9 ! ea/]n suburbs ( ,kito1 to :i* ! ,mikado gave ! title ( ,hon-guanji1 or ,mona/]y ( ! ,orig9al ,v[4 ,?is 0 9 allusion to ! v[ made by ,amida1 t he w\ld n accept ,buddha%ip except "u ! condition t salvation be made atta9able = all :o %\ld s9c]ely desire to be born into 8 k+dom1 & signify _! desire by invok+ 8 "n t5 times4#aa ,x is ^u ! passage 9 ! sutra :]e ?is v[ is record$1 t ! doctr9e ( ! sect is bas$4 ,its c5tral idea is t man is to be sav$ by fai? 9 ! m]cy ( ! b\ndlessly compassionate ,amida1 & n by works or va9 repetitions4 ,)9 our own "t1 on ,novemb] #bh1 #ahgf1 ! pres5t reign+ ,mikado be/[$ ^u ,%9ran ! po/hum\s title ,k5-%9 ,dai-%i1 or ,great ,tea*] ( ! ,revelation ( ,tru?4 ,! ,prote/ants ( ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,?is is ! sect :i*1 be+ call$ ,re=m$ ,buddhism#ab & resembl+ ,prote/antism 9 s _m po9ts1 bo? l>ge & m9ute1 =eign]s ?9k has be5 borr[$ or imitat$ f ,european ,prote/antism4#ac ,z matt] ( fact1 ! f\ndation pr9ciples ( ,%9-,%u are at lea/ six hundr$ ye>s old4 ,!y are p]fectly cle> 9 ! writ+s ( ! f\nd]1#ad z well z 9 ^? ( 8 successor ,r5ni1#ae :o wrote ! ,(umi or sacr$ writ+s1 n[ daily read by ! disciples ( ?is d5om9ation4 ,) ! *>act]i/ic object ( rea*+ ! masses1 !y are writt51 z we h %[n1 n 9 ! mix$ ,*9ese & ,japanese *>act]s1 b 9 ! common script1 or kana1 :i* all ! p ( bo? sexes c read4 ,)9 ! la/ two decades ! ,%9 educators h be5 ! fir/ to organize _! s*ools ( le>n+ on ! models ( ^? 9 ,*ri/5dom1 s t _! "y m5 might be tra9$ to resi/ ,%9t or ,*ri/ianity1 or to measure ! tru? 9 ei!r4 ,_! new temples also %[ ,european influ5ce 9 ar*itecture & furniture4 ,lib]ty ( ?\ght & action1 & inco]cible desire to be free f gov]nm5tal1 traditional1 ultra-ecclesia/ical1 or ,%9t influ5ce--9 a ^w1 prote/antism 9 its pure s5se1 is *>act]i/ic ( ! great sect f\nd$ by ,%9ran4 ,inde$ ! ,%9 sect1 :i* sprang out ( ! ,j-d1 ma9ta9s t x alone pr(esses ! true tea*+ ( ,h-n51 & t ! ,j-d sect has w&]$ f ! orig9al doctr9es ( its f\nd]4 ,:]eas ! ,j-d or ,pure ,l& sect believes t ,amida w come to meet ! s\l ( ! believ] on its sep>ation f ! body1 9 ord] to conduct x to ,p>adise1 ! ,%9 or ,true ,sect ( ! ,pure ,l& believes 9 imm$iate salvation & sanctification4 ,x prea*es t z soon z a man believes 9 ,amida he is tak5 by him "u him m]ciful protection4 ,"s might d5om9ate ^! p ! ,me?odi/s ( ,buddhism4 ,"o good po9t 9 _! ,prote/antism is _! tea*+ t morality is ( equal importance ) fai?4 ,to !m ,buddha-hood means ! p]fection & unlimit$ness ( wisdom & compassion4 ,!re=e1 writes "o1 kn[+ ! inability ( our own p[] we %\ld believe simply 9 ! vic>i\s ,p[] ( ! ,orig9al ,pray]4 ,if we d s1 we are 9 correspond5ce ) ! wisdom ( ! ,buddha & %>e 8 great compassion1 j z ! wat] ( riv]s becomes salt z soon z x ent]s ! sea4 ,= ?is reason ?is is call$ ! fai? 9 ! ,o!r ,p[]4 ,to _! ev]la/+ honor1 also1 ! ,%9 believ]s h probably l$ all o!r ,japanese ,buddhi/s 9 c>+ = ! ,eta1 ev5 z !y probably excel 9 prea*+ ! true spiritual democracy ( all believ]s1 yes1 ev5 ( wom54#af ,accord+ to ! e>li] & g5]al view ( ,buddhism1 wom5 are condemn$1 9 virtue ( ! pollution ( _! nature1 to look =w>d to rebir? 9 o!r =ms4 ,by no possibility c !y1 9 _! exi/5ce z wom51 rea* ! high] grades ( hol9ess :i* lead to ,nirvana4 ,accord+ to ! ,%9 ,%u sy/em1 on ! o!r h&1 a believ+ woman may hope to atta9 ! goal ( ! ,buddhi/ at ! close ( h] pres5t life4#ag ,?is doctr9e seems to be f\nd$ on t passage 9 ! elev5? *apt] ( ! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika1 9 :i* ! daught] ( ,sg>a1 ! ,nga-k+1 loses h] sex z female & reappe>s z a ,bodhisattva ( male sex4#ah ,! ,%9 sect is ! l>ge/ 9 ,japan1 hav+ m ?an twice z _m temples z any f\r ( ! great sects1 & five ?\s& m ?an ! ,s-d or sub-sect ( ,j-d1 :i* is ! next l>ge/2 or1 ov] n9ete5 ?\s& 9 all4 ,x is also suppos$ to be "o ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ p[]ful ( all ! ,japanese sects4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 x possesses no fix$ prop]ty1 & is dep5d5t entirely ^u ! volunt>y contributions ( its adh]5ts4 ,to-day1 x is probably ! mo/ active ( !m all 9 education1 le>n+ & mission>y op]ations 9 ,yezo1 ,*9a & ,korea4 ,int]e/+ z is ! developm5t ( ! ,j-d & ,%9 sects1 :i* became popul> l>gely ?r\gh _! promulgation ( dogmas f\nd$ on ! ,we/]n ,p>adise1 we mu/ n =get t bo? ( !m prea*$ a new ,buddha--n ! real figure 9 hi/ory1 b an unhi/oric & unreal phantom1 ! creation & dream ( ! speculator & vision>y4 ,amida1 ! p]sonification ( b\ndless light1 is "o ( ! luxuriant gr[?s ( a sickly s*ola/icism--a holl[ ab/raction )\t life or reality4 ,amidaism is utt]ly repudiat$ by _m ,japanese ,buddhi/s1 :o give no place to 8 idol on _! alt>s1 & reject utt]ly ! tea*+ z to ,p>adise & salvation ?r\gh ! m]its ( ano!r4 ,yet ^! two special developm5ts by natives1 ?\gh embody+ t5d5cies ( ! ,japanese m9d1 did n rea* ! limit to :i* ,nor!rn ,buddhism 0 to g 9 ^? almo/ incr$ible l5g?s1 :i* prompt$ ,pr(essor ,:itney#ai to call x ! high-falut+ s*ool1 & :i* we h se5 9 our own "t "u ! cultivation ( we/]n admir]s4 ,! ,ni*ir5 ,sect4 ,! ,japanese m9d runs to pan!ism z naturally z an unprun$ grape-v9e runs to fibre & leaves4 ,:5 ,ni*ir51 ! ultra-patriotic & ultra-democratic bonze1 saw ! light 9 ,a4,d4 #abbb1 he 0 de/9$ to br+ religion n only d[n to man1 b ev5 d[n to ! bea/s & to ! mud4 ,he f\nd$ ! ,saddh>ma-,pund>ika sect1 n[ call$ ,ni*ir5 ,%u4 ,born at ,kom9ato1 ne> ! m\? ( ,y$o ,bay1 he became a neophite 9 ! ,%9-gon sect at ! age ( twelve1 & 0 admitt$ into ! prie/hood :5 b fifte5 ye>s old4 ,!n he adopt$ 8 "n1 :i* means ,sun-lotus1 because1 accord+ to a typical dream v common 9 ,korea & ,japan1 8 "m ?\ght t %e _h conceiv$ by ! sun ent]+ h] body4 ,?r\gh a miracle1 he acquir$ a ?or\gh k ( ! :ole ,buddhi/ canon1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he met ) words1 :i* he conv]t$ into t =mula :i* is con/antly 9 ! m\? ( ! memb]s ( ! ,ni*ir5 sect1 ,namu-my-ho-r5-g-ky--,o1 ! ,sutra ( ! ,lotus ( ! ,wond]ful ,law4#bj ,8 hi/ory1 full ( amaz+ activity & ( romantic adv5ture1 is surr\nd$ by a p]fect sunrise spl5dor1 or1 %all we say1 sunset gorge\sness1 ( my?ology & fable4 ,! sc5es ( 8 life are mo/ly laid 9 ! region ( ! mod]n ,tki1 & to ! cultivat$ travell]1 its /ory l5ds fasc9at+ *>ms to ! l&scape 9 ! region ( ,y$o ,bay4 ,ni*ir5 0 a fi]y patriot1 & ultra-democratic 9 8 sympa?ies4 ,he 0 a radical believ] 9 ,japan = ! ,japanese4 ,he 0 an ecclesia/ical ,so%i4 ,he felt t ! developm5ts ( ,buddhism already made1 7 n suffici5tly compreh5sive1 or fully suit$ to ! common p4 ,s1 9 ,a4,d4 #abhb1 he f\nd$ a new sect :i* gradually includ$ )9 its pan!on all possible ,buddhas1 & canoniz$ pretty ne>ly all ! sa9ts1 righte\s m5 & favorite h]oes kn[n to ,dai ,nippon4 ,ni*ir5 fir/ made ,japan ! c5tre ( ! univ]se1 & !n br\ght religion d[n to ! l[e/4 ,he consid]$ t ! p]iod 9 :i* he liv$ 0 ! latt] day ( ! law1 & t all creatures ought to %>e 9 ! m]it ( ,buddha-hood4 ,only ! orig9al ,buddha is ! real moon 9 ! sky1 b all ,buddhas ( ! subord9ate /ates are l ! images ( ! moon1 reflect$ ^u ! wat]s4 ,all ^! diff]5t ,buddhas1 be !y gods or m51 bea/s1 birds or snakes1 are to be honor$4 ,inde$1 !y are bo? honor$ & wor%ipp$ 9 ! ,ni*ir5 pan!on4 ,besides ! hi/oric ,buddha1 ?is sect1 :i* is ! mo/ idolatr\s ( all1 admits z objects ( its rev]5ce su* p]sonages z ,ni*ir51 ! f\nd]2 ,kato ,kiyomasa1 ! g5]al :o l$ ! army ( invasion 9 ,korea & 0 ! p]secutor ( ! ,*ri/ians2 & ,%i*im5--a ^w :i* means sev5 po9ts ( ! compass or sev5 faces4 ,?is ,%i*im5 is ! be+ t appe>$ to ,ni*ir5 z a beautiful woman1 b disappe>$ f 8 sight 9 ! =m ( a snake1 tw5ty feet long1 cov]$ ) gold5 scales & arm$ ) iron tee?4 ,x is n[ deifi$ "u ! "n mean+ ! ,great ,god ( ! ,sev5 ,faces1 & is id5tifi$ ) ! ,h9doo deity ,siva4 ,ano!r idol usually se5 9 ! ,ni*ir5 temples is ,miok54 ,"u ?is "n ! pole /> is wor%ipp$1 usually 9 ! =m ( a ,buddha ) a :eel ( a ,buddha elect4 ,/&+ on a tortoise1 ) a sword 9 8 "r h&1 & ) ! left h& half op5--a ge/ure :i* symbolizes ! male & female pr9ciples 9 ! physical _w1 & ! intellig5ce & ! law 9 ! spiritual _w--,miok5 is a /rik+ figure4 ,inde$1 ! li/ ( glorifi$ animals rem9ds u some:at ( ! anci5t bea/-wor%ip ( ,egypt4 ,9 ! ,ni*ir5 hi]ology1 x is z ?\gh ! symbolical figures 9 ! ,book ( ,revelation _h be5 deifi$ & wor%ipp$4 ,x is evid5t t all ! creatures 9 t ,buddhi/ *amb] ( imag]y1 ! ,hokk ,ki1 t c\ld possibly be made into gods h receiv$ apo!osis4 ,! v book itself is also wor%ipp$1 = ! ,ni*ir5ites are extreme believ]s 9 v]bal inspiration1 & pay div9e honors to ea* jot & tittle ( ! sutra1 :i* to !m is a god4 ,!y adore also ! triad ( ! ?ree preci\s ones1 ! ,buddha1 ! ,rule or ,discipl9e1 & ! ,organization2 or1 ,be+1 ,law1 & ,*ur*4 ,! hide\s idol1 ,fudo1 ,elev5-fac$1 ,horse-head$1 ,?\s&-h&$1 or girt 9 a robe ( fi]y flame1 is believ$ by ,buddhi/s to repres5t ,avalokitesv>a2 b1 9 rec5t times he has be5 recogniz$1 detect$ & recaptur$ by ! ,%9ti/s z ,kotohira4 ,! goddess ,ki%i1 & t miscellane\s assortm5t or gr\p kn[n z ! ,sev5 ,patrons ( ,happ9ess1 :i* =m a sort ( encyclopa$ia or museum ( curiosities d]iv$ f ! cults ( ,india1 ,*9a & ,japan1 are also compon5ts ( ! amaz+ m5ag]ie & pan!on ( ?is sect1 9 :i* s*ola/icism run mad1 & emotional k9dness to animals become maudl91 jo9 h&s4 ,! ,ultra-realism ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism4 ,l mo/ ( ! o!r ,japanese sects1 ! ,ni*ir5ites claim t _! pr9ciples are conta9$ 9 ! ,hok-k-ki1 :i* is consid]$ ! consummate :ite fl[] ( ,buddhi/ doctr9e & lit]ature4 ,?is is ! ,japanese "n = t fam\s sutra1 ! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika1 s (t5 m5tion$ 9 ^! *apt]s b a ?\s&-fold m s 9 ,japanese lit]ature4 ,! ,t5-dai & ! ,ni*ir5 sects are alli$1 9 t bo? lay supreme emphasis ^u ?is sutra2 b ! =m] int]prets x ) an intellectual1 & ! latt] ) an emotional emphasis4 ,philosophically1 ! two bodies h mu* 9 common4 ,outw>dly !y are v f> ap>t4 ,"o has b to read _! favorite scripture1 to see ! norm ^u :i* ! gorge\s art ( ,japan has be5 develop$4 ,probably no s+le book 9 ! volum9\s canon ( ! ,great] ,vehicle gives "o s ma/]ful a key to ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,its pages are cr[d$ ) s5su\s descriptions ( all t is attractive to bo? ! reason & ! und]/&+4 ,its descriptions ( ,p>adise are ^? :i* w\ld suit also ! reali/ic ,mussulman4 ,its rhetoric & visions seem to be ^? ( "s ori5tal ,de ,qu9cey1 :o1 out ( ! dreams ( an opium-eat]1 has made ! law-book ( a religion4 ,translat$ into matt]-(-fact ,*9ese1 none bett] ?an ,ni*ir5 knew h[ to pres5t its realism to 8 p4 ,9 its e?ical /&>ds1 :i* are two1 ?is sect1 l mo/ o!rs1 prescribes "o c\rse ( life = ! monk1 :i* is difficult1 & ano!r = ! laity1 :i* is easy4 ,! c5tral dogma is t e "p ( ! univ]se1 includ+ n only gods & m51 b animals1 plants & ! v mud itself1 is capable1 by successive transmigrations1 ( atta9+ to ,buddha%ip4 ,9 "o s5se1 ,ni*ir5ism is ! transfiguration ( a!i/ic evolution4 ,9 its tea*+s !re are also two =ms3 ! "o1 l>gely 9 symbol1 is int5d$ to attract foll[]s2 ! o!r1 ! pure tru?1 is employ$ to conv]t ! ob/9ately ignorant1 aga9/ _! wills4 ,z 9 ! hi/ory ( ! papal organization 9 ,europe1 a mat]iali/ic int]pretation has be5 giv5 to ! canons ( dogma & discipl9e4 ,contr>y to ! doctr9e ( ^? sects :i* tea* ! atta9m5t ( salvation solely ?r\gh ! aid ( ,amida1 or ,ano!r1 ! ,ni*ir5ites insi/ t x is necess>y = man to "w out 8 own salvation1 by obs]v+ ! law1 by self-exam9ation1 by reflect+ on ! bless+s v\*saf$ to ! memb]s ( ?is elect & or?odox sect & by con/ant pray]4 ,!y consid] !mselves z 9 ! only true *ur*1 & _! succession to ! prie/hood1 ! only valid "o4 ,! /rict ,ni*ir5 *ur*m5 w n h ! ,%9t gods 9 _! h\sehold %r9es1 nor w !y int]m>ry among ! sects4 ,! ,ni*ir5ites are also v fond ( controv]sy1 & _! language 9 speak+ ( o!r cre$s & sects is n t *>act]i/ic ( ! g5tle ,buddha4 ,! p ( ?is sect are mu* giv5 to ! belief 9 demoniacal possession1 & a consid]able "p ( ! duty & rev5ue-yield+ bus9ess ( ! ,ni*ir5 prie/s consi/s 9 exorcis+ ! foxes1 badg]s & o!r demons1 :i* h possess$ subjects :o are g5]ally wom5 at c]ta9 /ages ( illness or convalesc5ce4 ,! ph5om5a & pa?ology ( ^! disord]s seem to be alli$ to ^? ( hy/]ia & hypnotism4 ,?is popul> sect also makes greate/ use ( *>ms1 spells & amulets1 lays great /ore on pilgrimages1 & is v fond ( noise-mak+ in/rum5ts :e!r pray]-books or ! wood5 bells or drums :i* are prom95t features 9 _! temples & revival meet+s4 ,9 "o s5se x is ! ,salvation ,army ( ,buddhism1 be+ especially p[]ful 9 :at /rikes ! eye & e>4 ,! ,ni*ir5ites h be5 well call$ ! ,rant]s ( ,buddhism4 ,_! revival meet+s make ,b$lam seem sil5t1 & r$uce to g5tle murmurs ! camp-meet+ excesses ) :i* we are famili> 9 our own c\ntry4 ,!y are ! mo/ sect>ian ( all sects4 ,_! vocabul>y ( ,bill+sgate & ! ribaldry employ$ by !m ev5 aga9/ _! ,buddhi/ bre?r51 ca/ into ! %ade ^? ( ,*ri/ian sect>ians 9 _! fi]ce/ controv]sies4 ,a ?\s& ye>s 9 ! l[e/ ( ! hells is ! atonem5t prescrib$ by ! ,ni*ir5ites = ! prie/s ( all o!r sects4 ,:5 ! ,p>liam5t ( ,religions 0 call$ 9 ,*icago1 ! successors ( ,ni*ir51 ) _! *>act]i/ic high-*ur* mode/y1 promptly s5t lett]s to ,am]ica1 w>n+ ! _w aga9/ all o!r ,japanese ,buddhi/s1 & d5\nc+ especially ^? com+ to speak 9 ! ,p>liam5t1 z misrepres5t+ ! true doctr9es ( ,buddha4 ,doctr9al ,culm9ation4 ,:5 ! "w ( ,ni*ir5 _h be5 complet$1 & 8 reali/ic pan!ism _h be5 able to include )9 its great receiv] & processes ( ,buddha-mak+1 ev]y?+ f gods to mud1 ! circle ( doctr9e 0 complete4 ,kb's leav5 _h n[ e possible lump 9 :i* to d its "w4 ,all grades ( m5 9 ,japan1 f ! mo/ dev\t & intellectual to ! mo/ rant+ & fanatical1 c\ld *oose _! sect4 ,yet x may be t ,buddhism 9 ,ni*ir5's day 0 9 dang] ( /agnation & =malism1 & ne$$ ! revival :i* ?is fi]y bonze gave x2 =1 und\bt$ly1 along ) zeal ev5 to bigotry1 came fre% life & p[] to ! religion4 ,?is invigoration 0 foll[$ by ! mighty mission>y labors ( ! la/ half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :i* c>ri$ ,buddhism out to ! nor!rn fronti] & into ,yezo4 ,al?\gh1 f "t to "t m9or sects 7 =m$ ei!r limit+ or develop+ fur!r ! pr9ciples ( ! l>g] p>5t sects1 & al?\gh1 ev5 z late z ! sev5te5? c5tury1 a new subsect1 ! ,oba-ku ( ,z5 ,%u1 0 import$ f ,*9a1 yet no fur!r doctr9al developm5ts ( importance took place2 n ev5 9 pres5ce ( or aft] sixte5? c5tury ,*ri/ianity & sev5te5? c5tury ,confucianism4 ,! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies =m ! gold5 age ( ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! feudal sy/em _h split into fragm5ts & ! normal /ate ( ! c\ntry 0 t ( civil w>4 ,sect 0 array$ aga9/ sect1 & ! ,%9 bonzes1 especially1 =m$ a great milit>y body 9 =tifi$ mona/]ies4 ,9 ! fir/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 came ! trem5d\s onslaught ( ,portuguese ,*ri/ianity4 ,!n foll[$ ! milit>ism & bloody p]secutions ( ,nobunaga4 ,9 cla%+ ) ! new ,confucianism ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,buddhism utt]ly weak5$ z an intellectual p[]4 ,?\gh ?r\gh ! favor ( ! ,yodo %guns x recov]$ l&s & weal?1 gird$ itself anew z ! spy1 p]secutor & pr(ess$ extirpator ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ma9ta9$ its popul>ity ) ! common p1 x 01 dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 among ! educat$ ,japanese1 z good z dead4 ,mod]n ,confucianism & ! revival ( ,*9ese le>n+1 result$ 9 eighte5? c5tury scepticism & 9 n9ete5? c5tury agno/icism4 ,! ,new ,buddhism4 ,9 our day & "t1 ,japanese ,buddhism1 9 ! pres5ce ( aggressive ,*ri/ianity1 is out ( h>mony ) ! times1 & ! ne$s ( =ty-"o millions ( awak5$ & inquir+ p2 & !re are deep se>*+s ( he>t4 ,politically dise/abli%$ & its l&$ possessions seque/rat$ by ! gov]nm5t1 x has _h1 s9ce #ahfh1 a hi/ory1 fir/ ( depression & !n ( tempor>y revival4 ,n[1 amid mu* me*anical & ext]nal activity1 ! employm5t ( ! press1 ! organization ( *>ity1 ( summ] s*ools ( !ology1 & ( "y m5's & o!r associations copi$ f ! ,*ri/ians1 x is endeavor+ to keep ,new ,japan )9 its pale & to dictate ! future4 ,x seeks to utilize ! old bottles = ! new v9tage4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a movem5t disc]nible :i* may be call$ ! ,new ,buddhism1 & has n only new w9e b new w9esk9s4 ,x is democratic1 optimi/ic1 empirical or practical2 x welcomes wom5 & *ildr52 x is hospitable to sci5ce & e =m ( tru?4 ,x is ca?olic 9 _s & has little if any ( ! v5om ( ! old ,buddhi/ controv]ti/s4 ,x is repres5t$ by e>ne/ writ]s :o look to natural & spiritual means1 r ?an to ext]nal & me*anical me?ods4 ,z a :ole1 we may say t ,japanese ,buddhism is /ill /rong to-day 9 its grip ^u ! p4 ,?\gh unque/ionably moribund1 its dea? w be delay$4 ,despite its app>5t int]e/ 91 & h>mony )1 contemporane\s /atem5ts ( sci5ce1 x does n hold ! m5 ( ?\ght1 or ^? :o long = ! spiritual purification & moral elevation ( ,japan4 ,are ! ,japanese eag] = re=m8 ,d !y possess t quality ( emotion 9 :i* a torm5t+ s5se ( s91 & a burn+ desire = self-surr5d] to hol9ess1 are ev] manife/8 ,frankly & mode/ly1 we give our op9ion4 ,we ?9k n4 ,! av]age ,japanese man has n come to t self-consci\sness1 t se>*+ ( he>t1 t self-see+ ( s9 9 ! light ( a ,holy ,god's c\nt5ance :i* ! gospel compels4 ,yet ?is is exactly :at ! ,japanese ne$4 ,only ,*ri/'s gospel c give x4 ,! av]age man ( culture 9 ,dai ,nippon has to-day no religion4 ,he is wait+ = "o4 ,:at %all be ! issue1 9 ! conte/ betwe5 a fai? t kn[s no p]sonal ,god1 no ,creator1 no atonem5t1 no gospel ( salvation f s91 & ! gospel :i* bids man seek & "k ! great ,fir/ ,cause1 z ,fa!r & ,fri5d1 & proclaims t ?is ,inf9ite ,fri5d seeks man to bless him1 to be/[ ^u him p>don & hol9ess & to give him e>?ly happ9ess & endless life8 ,betwe5 "o religion :i* tea*es p]sonality 9 ,god & 9 man1 & ano!r :i* (f]s only a quagmire ( imp]sonality :]e9 a p]sonal god & an individual s\l exi/ only z ! jack-lights ( ! m>%1 m]e phosphoresc5t gleams ( decay1 :o c fail to *oose8 ,( ! two fai?s1 :i* %all be victor8 ,,*apt] ,x - ,,japanese ,,buddhism ,,9 ,,its ,,mission>y ,,developm5t ,! he>t ( my c\ntry1 ! p[] ( my c\ntry1 ! ,light ( my c\ntry1 is ,buddhism4--,yatsubu*i1 ( ,japan4 ,buddhism 0 ! tea*] "u ^: in/ruction ! ,japanese nation grew up4--,*amb]la94 ,buddhism 0 ! civiliz]4 ,x came ) ! fre%ness ( religi\s zeal1 & religi\s zeal 0 a novelty4 ,x come z ! be>] ( civilization & enlight5m5t4 ,buddhism has _h a fair field 9 ,japan1 & its outcome has n be5 elevat+4 ,its influ5ce has be5 ae/hetic & n e?ical4 ,x add$ culture & art to ,japan1 z x br\ght ) itself ! civilization ( cont95tal ,asia4 ,x gave ! arts1 & m1 x add$ ! arti/ic atmosph]e4444 ,reality disappe>s4 ',?is fleet+ borr[$ _w' is all my/]i\s1 a dream2 moonlight is 9 place ( ! cle> hot sun4444 ,x has s fitt$ itself to its surr\nd+s t x seems indig5\s4--,george ,william ,knox4 ,! ,japanese 444 are indebt$ to ,buddhism = _! pres5t civilization & culture1 _! great susceptibility to ! beauties ( nature1 & ! high p]fection ( sev]al bran*es ( arti/ic indu/ry4--,re94 ,we speak ( ,god1 & ! ,japanese m9d is fill$ ) idols4 ,we m5tion s91 & he ?9ks ( eat+ fle% or ! kill+ ( insects4 ,! ^w hol9ess rem9ds him ( cr[ds ( pilgrims flock+ to "s fam\s %r9e1 or ( "s an*orite sitt+ lo/ 9 religions ab/raction till 8 legs rot (f4 ,he has mu* error to unle>n be=e he c take 9 ! tru?---,r4,e4 ,mc,alpine4 ,!re 9 a life ( /udy1 pray]1 & ?\ght1 ,k5%9 became a sa9tly prie/--n wide ,9 intellect nor broad 9 sympa?ies1 ,= su* ?+s come n f ! ascetic life2 ,b n>r[1 /rong1 & deep1 & l ! /ream ,t ru%es f]vid ?r\gh ! n>r[ pa? ,betwe5 ! rooks at ,nikk--s he grasp$1 ,he>t1 s\l1 & /r5g?1 ! holy ,buddha's ,law ,) no room left = d\bt1 or sympa?y ,= o!r views4--,k5%9's ,vision4 ,= f ! ris+ ( ! sun ev5 unto ! go+ d[n ( ! same1 my "n is great among ! ,g5tiles2 & 9 e place inc5se is (f]$ unto my "n1 & a pure (f]+1 = my "n is great among ! ,g5tiles1 sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s4--,mala*i4 ,,*apt] ,x - ,,japanese ,,buddhism ,,9 ,,its ,,mission>y ,,developm5t ,mission>y ,buddhism ! ,measure ( ,japan's ,civilization4 ,broadly speak+1 ! hi/ory ( ,japanese ,buddhism 9 its mission>y developm5t is ! hi/ory ( ,japan4 ,be=e ,buddhism came1 ,japan 0 pre-hi/oric4 ,we "k ! c\ntry & p ?r\gh v scanty notices 9 ! ,*9ese annals1 by pale reflections ca/ by my?s1 leg5ds & poems1 & f ! relics ca/ up by ! spade & pl\gh4 ,*9ese civilization _h filt]$ 91 ?\gh h[ mu* or h[ little we _c tell def9itely2 b s9ce ! com+ ( ! ,buddhi/ mission>ies 9 ! six? c5tury1 ! l&scape & ! drama ( human life lie be=e u 9 cle> detail4 ,speak+ broadly aga91 x may be said t almo/ f ! "t ( its arrival1 ,buddhism became on its active side ! real religion ( ,japan--at lea/1 if ! ^w religion be us$ 9 a high] s5se ?an t connot$ by ei!r ,%9t or ,confucianism4 ,?\gh z a nation ! ,japanese ( ! ,miji era are grossly =getful ( ?is fact1 yet1 z ,pr(essor ,*amb]la9 says1#a ,all education 0 = c5turies 9 ,buddhi/ h&s4 ,buddhism introduc$ art2 introduc$ m$ic9e2 creat$ ! folk-lore ( ! c\ntry2 creat$ its dramatic poetry2 deeply influ5c$ politics1 & e sph]e ( social & intellectual activity2 9 a ^w1 ,buddhism 0 ! tea*] "u ^: in/ruction ! ,japanese nation grew up4 ,= _m c5turies all ,japanese1 except "h & !re a /]n ,%9ti/1 or an exceptionally dogmatic ,confucian1 h ackn[l$g$ ^! pat5t facts1 & f ! emp]or to ! eta1 glorifi$ 9 !m4 ,x 0 n until mod]n ,confucian philosophy ent]$ ! ,mikado's empire 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 t ho/ile criticism & polemic t5ets d5\nc$ ,buddhism1 & decl>$ x only fit = savages4 ,?is bitt] d5unciation ( ,buddhism at ! lips & h&s ( ,japanese :o _h become ,*9ese 9 m9d1 0 all ! m inappropriate1 because ,buddhism _h = ov] a ?\s& ye>s act$ z ! real purveyor & disp]s] ( ! ,confucian e?ics & culture 9 ,japan4 ,su* d5unciation came ) no bett] grace f ! ,y$o ,confuciani/s ?an f ! ,%9t revivali/s1 l ,motori1 :o1 :ile execrat+ ev]y?+ ,*9ese1 fail$ to rememb] or impress ^u 8 c\ntrym5 ! fact1 t almo/ all :i* con/itut$ ,japanese civilization _h be5 import$ f ! ,middle ,k+dom4 ,buddhism1 9 its purely doctr9al developm5t1 seems to be r a sy/em ( metaphysics ?an a true religion1 be+ a conglom]ation1 or r p]haps an agglom]ation1 ( all sorts ( !ories relat+ to ! univ]se & its cont5ts4 ,its doctr9al & metaphysical side1 h[ev]1 is to be c>efully di/+ui%$ f its popul> & ext]nal features1 = 9 its mission>y developm5t ,buddhism may be call$ a sy/em ( national improvem5t4 ,! hi/ory ( its propagation1 9 ! l& f>!/ ea/ f its cradle1 is n only ! outl9e ( ! hi/ory ( ,japanese civilization1 b is ne>ly ! :ole ( x4 ,pre-,buddhi/ic ,japan4 ,x is n p]haps difficult to recon/ruct 9 imag9ation ! l&scape ( ,japan 9 pre-,buddhi/ic days4 ,c]ta9ly we may1 ) "s accuracy1 draw a contra/ betwe5 ! appe>ance ( ! face ( ! e>? !n & n[4 ,suppos+ t !re 7 z _m z a million or two ( s\ls 9 ! ,japanese ,ar*ipelago ( ! six? c5tury--! same area :i* 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury conta9s ov] =ty-"o millions--we c imag9e only "h & !re pat*es ( cultivat$ fields1 or t]rac$ gullies4 ,!re 7 no roads except pa?s or trails4 ,! horse 0 probably yet a curiosity to ! aborig9es1 ?\gh well kn[n to ! sons ( ! gods4 ,%eep & goats !n1 z n[1 7 unkn[n4 ,! c[ & ! ox 7 9 ! l&1 b n num]\s4#b ,9 ar*itecture !re 0 probably little b ! primeval hut4 ,tools 7 ( ! rude/ description2 yet x is evid5t t ! primitive ,japanese 7 able to "w iron & apply x to _m uses4 ,!re 7 o!r metals1 ?\gh ! tell-tale etymology ( _! names 9 ,japanese metallurgy1 z 9 s _m o!r l9es ( indu/ry & articles ( daily use1 po9ts to a ,*9ese orig94 ,x is ! almo/ incr$ible fact t ! ,japanese man or woman wore on ! p]son nei!r gold nor silv] jewelry4 ,9 lat] times1 decoration 0 add$ to ! sword hilt & p9s 7 ?ru/ 9 ! hair4 ,possibly a prejudice aga9/ metal t\*+ ! sk91 su* z exi/s 9 ,korea1 may acc\nt = ?is abs5ce ( jewelry1 ?\gh silv] 0 n discov]$ until ,a4,d4 #fge1 or gold until ,a4,d4 #gdi4 ,! primitive ,japanese1 h[ev]1 did we> ornam5ts ( gr\nd & poli%$ /one1 & ^! s num]\sly z to compel contra/ ) ! sev]] ta/es ( lat] ages4 ,"s ( ^! magatama--curv$ jewels or p]=at$ cyl9d]s--7 made ( v h>d /one :i* requires skill to drill1 cut & poli%4 ,among ! sub/ances us$ 0 jade1 a m9]al f\nd only 9 ,ca?ay4#c ,inde$1 we _c foll[ ! l9es ( indu/ry & manufactures1 ( p]sonal adornm5t & h\sehold decoration1 ( sci5tific t]ms & expressions1 ( lit]>y1 intellectual & religi\s exp]im5t1 )\t cont9ually f9d+ t ! ,japanese borr[$ f ,*9ese /oreh\ses4 ,possibly _! debt began at ! "t ( ! alleg$ conque/ ( ,korea#d 9 ! ?ird c5tury4 ,9 ,japanese life1 z x exi/$ be=e ! introduction ( ,buddhism1 !re 01 ) b>b>ic simplicity1 a measure ( culture some:at inde$ above ! level ( savag]y1 b probably v little t c\ld be apprais$ beyond t ( ! ,iroquois ,indians 9 ! days ( _! ,conf$]acy4 ,= ?\gh grant+ t !re 7 _m int]e/+ features ( art1 indu/ry1 erudition & civilization :i* h be5 lo/ to ! hi/oric memory1 & t ! rese>* ( s*ol>s may h]eaft] discov] _m ?+s n[ 9 oblivion2 yet1 on ! o!r h&1 x is c]ta9 t mu* ( :at has long be5 suppos$ to be ( primitive ,japanese orig91 & exi/5t be=e ! eigh? c5tury1 has be5 m or less infus$ or enri*$ ) ,*9ese elem5ts1 or has be5 import$ directly f ,india1 or ,p]sia1#e or has cry/alliz$ into %ape f ! mixture ( ?+s ,buddhi/ic & primitive ,japanese4 ,ap>t f all speculation1 we "k t 9 ! tra9 ( ! fir/ mission>ies came artisans1 & in/ructors 9 e l9e ( human indu/ry & a*ievem5t1 & t ! importation ( ! inv5tions & appliances ( ! ,we/--! ,we/ !n be+ ,korea & ,*9a1 & ! ,f> ,we/1 ,india--0 proportionately z g5]al1 z f>-rea*+1 z s5sational1 z electric 9 its effects ^u ! ,japanese m9ds1 z1 9 our day1 has be5 ! introduction ( ! mod]n civilization ( ,europe & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#f ,! ,purveyors ( ,civilization4 ,! ,buddhi/ mission>ies1 9 _! fir/ en?usiasm ( humanity1 7 n satisfi$ to br+ 9 _! tra91 art1 m$ic9e1 sci5ce & improvem5ts ( all sorts1 b !y !mselves1 be+ (t5 le>n$ & practical m51 became p]sonal lead]s 9 ! "w ( civiliz+ ! c\ntry4 ,9 travell+ up & d[n ! empire to propagate _! t5ets1 !y f\nd out ! necessity ( bett] roads1 & accord+ly1 !y 7 l>gely in/rum5tal 9 hav+ !m made4 ,!y dug wells1 e/abli%$ f]ries & built bridges4#g ,!y op5$ l9es ( communication2 !y /imulat$ traffic & ! ex*ange ( m]*&ise2 !y creat$ ! comm]ce betwe5 ,japan & ,*9a2 & !y act$ z peacemak]s & m$iators 9 ! w>s betwe5 ! ,japanese & ,koreans4 ,= c5turies !y _h ! monopoly ( high le>n+4 ,9 ! d>k middle ages :5 civil w> rul$1 !y 7 ! only s*ol>s1 cl]ks1 diplomati/s1 m$iators & peacemak]s4 ,japanese diet became some?+ new "u ! direction ( ! prie/s4 ,! bonzes taught ! wick$ness ( slaught]+ dome/ic animals1 & inde$1 ! wrong ( putt+ any liv+ ?+ to dea?1 s t k9dness to animals has become a national trait4 ,to ?is day x may be said t ,japanese boys & m5 are1 at lea/ )9 ! limits ( _! light1 m t5d] & c>eful ) all liv+ creatures ?an are ^? ( ,*ri/5dom4#h ,! bonzes improv$ ! daily f>e ( ! p1 by introduc+ f ,korea & ,*9a articles ( food hi!rto unkn[n4 ,!y br\ght ov] new se$s & v>ieties ( vegetables & trees4 ,fur!rmore1 necessity be+ ! "m ( inv5tion1 n a few ( ! %orn bre?r5 made up = ! prohibition ( fi% & fle%1 by becom+ exp]t cooks4 ,!y s ex]cis$ _! tal5ts 9 ! cul9>y art t _! results on ! table are prov]bial4 ,especially did !y cultivate mu%rooms1 :i* 9 ta/e & n\ri%m5t are good sub/itutes = fi%4 ,! bonzes 7 lov]s ( beauty & ( symbolism4 ,!y plant$ ! lotus1 & ! mona/]y ponds became seats ( spl5dor1 & delights to ! eye4 ,_! tea*+s1 metaphysical & my/ical1 poetical & hi/orical1 sci5tific & lit]>y1 creat$1 x may be said1 ! ,japanese g>d51 :i* to ! ref9$ imag9ation conta9s f> m ?an meets ! eye ( ! ali54#i ,inde$1 ! ori5tal imitations 9 e>?1 /one1 wat] & v]dure1 h a language & sugge/ion f> beyond :at ! usual p>t]res & walks1 bord]s & l9es1 f\nta9s & /atu>y ( a we/]n g>d5 tea*4 ,x may be said t our language ( fl[]s is m luxuriant & eloqu5t ?an !irs2 yet !irs is v ri* also1 besides be+ m subtle 9 sugge/ion4 ,! bonzes in/ill$ doctr9e1 n only by s]mons1 books & ! emblems & furniture ( ! temples1 b !y also taught dogma & e?ics by ! fl[]-ponds & plots1 by ! artificial l&scape1 & by outdoor symbolism ( all k9ds4 ,to ,buddhism our ?anks are due1 = ! innum]able m9iature cont95ts1 ranges ( m\nta9s1 geographical outl9es & o!r horticultural allusions to _! holy l&s & spiritual hi/ory1 se5 beside s _m h\ses1 temples & mona/]ies 9 ,japan4 ,9 _! floral art1 no p excels ! ,japanese 9 mak+ leaf & bloom tea* hi/ory1 religion1 philosophy1 ae/hetics & patriotism4 ,n only ar\nd ! human habitation1#aj b )9 x1 ! new religion br\ght a m>vell\s *ange4 ,in/ead ( ! hut1 ! dwell+-h\se grew to spaci\s & com=table proportions1 e "p ( ! ,japanese h\se to-day %[+ to ! cultur$ /ud5t1 especially to "o famili> ) ! anci5t poetry1 ! l9es ( its orig9 & developm5t1 & 9 ! l>g] dwell+s express+ a weal? ( sugge/ion & mean+4 ,! oratory & ! kami-dana or %elf hold+ ! gods1 became features 9 ! humble/ dwell+4 ,among ! well-to-d !re 7 ( c\rse ! gild$ ance/ral tablets & ! wor%ip ( prog5itors1 9 special rooms1 ) impos+ ritual & equipm5t1 ) :i* ,buddhism did n int]f]e2 b on ! %elf ov] ! door ( ne>ly e h\se 9 ! l&1 along ) ! emblems ( ! kami1 /ood images repres5t+ ! avat>s ( ,buddha4#aa ,!re1 ! light ev] burn$1 & !re1 (f]+s ( food & dr9k 7 ?rice daily made4 ,?\gh ! family wor%ip might v>y 9 its l5g? & v>iety ( c]emony1 yet ev5 9 ! home :]e no regul> sy/em 0 foll[$1 ! burn+ lights & ! /at$ (f]+ made1 call$ ! m9d up to ?\ghts high] ?an ! m]e level ( provid+ = daily wants4 ,! visitation ( ! prie/s 9 "t ( sorr[1 or ( joy1 or = fri5dly conv]se1 made religion sweetly human4#ab ,outw>dly ! ,buddhi/ ar*itecture made a pr(\nd *ange 9 ! l&scape4 ,) a settl$ religion requir+ gorge\s c]emonial1 ! *ant+ ( liturgies by l>ge bodies ( prie/s & ! =mation ( mona/]ies z c5tres ( lit]>y & religi\s activity1 !re 7 requir$ /ability & p]man5ce 9 ! imp]ial c\rt itself4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 ! humble village temples arose all ov] ! c\ntry1 !re 7 e>ly erect$1 9 ! place :]e ! c\rt & emp]or dwelt1 impressive religi\s edifices4#ac ,! cu/om ( migration ceas$1 & a fix$ spot select$ z ! capital1 rema9$ su* = a numb] ( g5]ations1 until f9ally ,hian-j or ! place ( peace1 lat] call$ ,kito1 became ! ,blossom ,capital & ! ,sacr$ ,city = a ?\s& ye>s4 ,at ,n>a1 :]e fl\ri%$ ! fir/ six sects introduc$ f ,korea1 7 built va/ mona/]ies1 temples & images1 & !nce ! influ5ce ( civilisation & art radiat$4 ,f ! fir/1 =gett+ its primitive democracy & purely moral claims1 ,buddhism lu/$ = p[] 9 ! ,/ate4 ,z e>ly z ,a4,d4 #fbd1 v>i\s grades 7 assign$ to ! prie/hood by ! gov]nm5t4#ad ,! sects eag]ly s\ght & laid great /ress ^u imp]ial favor4 ,to ?is day !y ke5ly enjoy ! canonization ( _! great tea*]s by lett]s pat5t f ! ,?rone4 ,m9i/]s ( ,art4 ,on ! e/abli%m5t ( ! imp]ial capital1 at ,kito1 t[>d ! end ( ! eigh? c5tury1 we f9d /ill fur!r developm5t & enl>gem5t ( ^? lat5t arti/ic impulses ) :i* ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r end[$ 8 ,japanese *ild4 ,t capacity = beauty1 bo? 9 appreciation & expression1 :i* 9 our day makes ! l& ( da9ty decoration ! resort ( all ^? :o w\ld /udy ori5tal art 9 unique fulness & decorative art 9 its only liv+ s*ool--a s*ool f\nd$ on ! h>moni\s m>riage ( ! p & ! nature ( ! c\ntry--is disc]nible f q e>ly ages4 ,! p seem to h respond$ gladly to ! calls = gifts & labor4 ,! direction f :i* x is suppos$ all evils are likely to come is ! nor!a/2 ?is special po9t ( ! compass be+ 9 pan-,asian spiritual geography ! focus ( all malign influ5ces4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,mikado ,kwammu1 9 ,a4,d4 #ghh1 built on ! highe/ m\nta9 call$ ,hiyi a sup]b temple & mona/]y1 giv+ x 9 *>ge ( ! ,t5-dai sect1 t !re %\ld ev] be a bulw>k aga9/ ! evil t might o!rwise swoop ^u ! city4 ,"h1 z on ca/ellat$ walls1 %\ld /& ! wat*man1 :o1 by ! recitation ( ! sacr$ liturgies1 w\ld keep wat* & w>d4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ?is great m\nta9 became a city ( ?ree ?\s& edifices & t5 ?\s& monks1 f :i* ! dron+ ( litanies & ! *ant+ ( pray]s asc5d$ daily1 & :]e ! *ief indu/ries 71 ! c\nt+ ( beads on ros>ies & ! burn+ ( inc5se be=e ! alt>s4 ,?is 0 9 ! long bright day ( a prosp]ity :i* has be5 n\ri%$ by va/ sums obta9$ f ! gov]nm5t & nobles4 ,"o notes ! contra/ at ! end ( our c5tury1 :5 dise/abli%$ z a religion & its bonzes r$uc$ to begg>y1 ,hiyi-san is us$ z ! site ( a ,summ] ,s*ool ( ,*ri/ian ,!ology4 ,along ) ! blossom+ ( ! lotus 9 e "p ( ! empire1 bloom$ ! gr&] fl[]s ( sculpture1 ( pa9t+ & ( temple ar*itecture4 ,x 0 because ( ! c>p5t]'s craft 9 build+ temples t he won 8 "n ( ,dai-ku1 or ! great workman4 ,! artific]s ( ! sunny isl&s cultivat$ an ambition1 n only to equal b to excel1 _! cont95tal bre?r5 ( ! saw & hamm]4 ,yet ! c>p5t] 0 only ! lead] ( great ho/s ( artisans t 7 enc\rag$1 ( craftsm5 t 7 educat$ & ( indu/ries t 7 call$ into be+ by ! spread ( ,buddhism4#ae ,x 0 n en\gh t village temples & t[n mona/]ies %\ld be built1 "u an impulse t meant volumes = ! developm5t ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ambiti\s lead]s *ose sightly spots on m\nta9s :5ce 7 lovely vi/as ( sc5]y1 on :i* to erect temples & mona/]ies1 :ile x seem$ to be _! fur!r ambition to all[ no m\nta9 peak to be inaccessible4 ,) armies ( workm51 support$ by ! contributions ( ! fai?ful :o _h be5 ar\s$ to en?usiasm by ! prea*+ ( ! bonzes1 great swa?s 7 cut 9 ! =e/2 abundant timb] 0 fell$2 rocky plateaus 7 levell$2 & elegant mona/ic edifices 7 re>$1 soon to be fill$ ) eag] /ud5ts1 & "y m5 9 tra9+ = ! prie/hood4 ,:e!r ! pilgrimage#af be ( ,%9t or ( ,buddhi/ orig91 or simply a contrivance ( human nature to break ! monotony ( life1 we ne$ n discuss4 ,x is c]ta9 t if ! cu/om be indig5\s1 ! import$ fai? adopt$1 absorb$ & enl>g$ x4 ,! p]egr9ations made to ! great temples & to ! m\nta9 tops1 be+ m]itori\s p]=mances1 soon fill$ ! roads ) m or less dev\t travell]s4 ,9 ?us f9d+ v5t = _! piety1 ! pilgrims m+l$ sanctification ) recreation1 enjoy+ heal?ful holidays1 & creat+ trade ) v>i$ bus9ess1 comm]cial & commiss>ial activities1 :ile enl>g+ also _! ideas & le>n+ some?+ ( geography4 ,?us1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 x has come to pass t ,japan is a c\ntry ( :i* almo/ e squ>e mile is kn[n1 :ile x is well ?read$ ) pa?s1 b&$ ) roads1 & suppli$ to a rem>kable ext5t ) h&y volumes ( description & ( local hi/ory4#ag ,h] p be+ well educat$ 9 _! own lore & local traditions1 possess$ also a volum9\s lit]ature ( guidebooks & cyclop$ias ( in=mation4 ,! devotees 71 )al1 well in/ruct$ & v]s$ 9 a code ( polit5ess & c\rtesy1 z pilgrimage & travel became settl$ habits ( a life4 ,z a fur!r result1 ! national tongue became rem>kably homog5e\s4 ,broadly speak+1 x may be said t ! ,japanese language1 unlike ! ,*9ese 9 ?is z x is 9 almo/ e o!r po9t1 has v little dialectic v>iation4#ah ,except 9 "s few remote eddies ly+ outside ! g5]al curr5ts1 !re is a uni=m national spee*4 ,?is is l>gely ow+ to t annual movem5t ( pilgrims 9 ! summ] mon?s especially1 habitual dur+ _m c5turies4 ,buddhism com+ to ,japan by means ( ! ,great ,vehicle1 or ) ! features ( ! ,nor!rn developm5t1 0 ! f]tile "m ( art4 ,9 ! ext]ior equipm5t ( ! temple1 in/ead ( ! ,%9t ?at*1 ! t]a or ,buddhi/ edifice call$ = tiles on its sweep+ ro(1 ) ornam5tal t]ra-cotta at ! end ( its impos+ ro(-ridge1 or = %eets ( copp] soon to be made v]dant1 !n sombre & !n sable by age & atmosph]e4 ,outw>dly ! edifice requir$ ! application ( pa9t & lacqu] 9 ri* t9ts1 its recurv$ ro(-edges gladly welcom+ ! cre/ & monogram ( ! feudal pr9ce1 & its rail+s & /airways accept+ will+ly ! bronze caps & ornam5ts4 ,9 front ( its ma9 edifice 0 ! impos+ gateway ) proportions almo/ z massive z ! temple itself1 ) prodigal weal? ( curi\sly fitt$ & ri*ly c>v$1 pa9t$ & gild$ supports & mortic+s1 ) all ! fancies & adornm5ts ( ! c>p5t]'s art1 & hav+ z its frontlet & blazon ! spl5didly gilt "n1 /yle or title4 ,(t5 ^! 7 impressive to eye & m9d1 to an ext5t :i* ! t]se ,*9ese or curt monosyllables c\ld sc>cely sugge/ to an ali54#ai ,! numb]1 =ms & positions ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! temple easily l5t !mselves to ! expression ( ! elaborate symbolism ( ! ,india fai?4 ,resemblances betwe5 ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,)9 ! sacr$ edifice ev]y?+ to /rike ! s5ses 0 lavi%ly display$4 ,! passion ( ! ,ea/1 z oppos$ to ,greek simplicity1 is = decoration2 yet 9 ,japan1 decorative art1 ?\gh sometimes bur/+ out 9 wild pr(usion or runn+ to unbridl$ l5g?s1 0 9 ! ma9 a regulat$ mass ( spl5dor 9 :i* h>mony rul$4 ,diff]+ ?\gh ! ,buddhi/ sects d 9 _! temple furniture & alt> decorations1 !y are1 mo/ ( !m1 s elaborately full 9 _! equipm5t z to sugge/ repeat$ly ! simil>ity betwe5 ! ,roman ,ca?olic organization1 alt>s1 ve/m5ts & ritual1 & ^? ( ,buddhism1 & rem>ks on ?is po9t seem almo/ commonplace4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ 9 ,roman ,ca?olicism is f\nd 9 ,buddhism1#bj & "o may ev5 say1 vice v]sa1 at lea/ 9 ?+s ext]ior4 ,we take ! lib]ty ( transcrib+ "h a passage f ! *apt] entitl$ ,*ri/ianity & ,=eign]s 9 ,! ,mikado's ,empire1 writt5 tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,fur!rmore1 ! transition f ! religion ( ,india to t ( ,rome 0 extremely easy4 ,! v idols ( ,buddha s]v$1 aft] a little alt]ation ) ! *isel1 = images ( ,*ri/4 ,! ,buddhi/ sa9ts 7 easily trans=m$ into ! ,twelve ,apo/les4 ,! ,cross took ! place ( ! torii4 ,x 0 emblazon$ on ! helmets & bann]s ( ! w>riors1 & embroid]$ on _! brea/s4 ,! ,japanese soldi]s w5t =? to battle l ,*ri/ian crusad]s4 ,9 ! roadside %r9e ,kuanon1 ! ,goddess ( ,m]cy1 made way = ! ,virg91 ! "m ( ,god4 ,buddhism 0 beat5 ) its own weapons4 ,its own artill]y 0 turn$ aga9/ x4 ,ne>ly all ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es 7 native temples1 spr9kl$ & purifi$4 ,! same bell1 ^: boom _h s (t5 quiv]$ ! air ann\nc+ ! orisons & mat9s ( paganism1 0 aga9 bless$ & spr9kl$1 & call$ ! same he>]s to mass & confession2 ! same lavatory t front$ ! temple s]v$ = holy wat] or baptismal font2 ! same c5s] t swung be=e ,amida c\ld be refill$ to waft ,*ri/ian inc5se2 ! new conv]t c\ld use un*ang$ 8 old beads1 bells1 c&les1 inc5se1 & all ! p>aph]nalia ( 8 old fai? 9 celebration ( ! new4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ t is di/9ctive 9 ! ,roman =m ( ,*ri/ianity is to be f\nd 9 ,buddhism3 images1 pictures1 lights1 alt>s1 inc5se1 ve/m5ts1 masses1 beads1 wayside %r9es1 mona/]ies1 nunn]ies1 celibacy1 fa/+s1 vigils1 retreats1 pilgrimages1 m5dicant v[s1 %orn heads1 ord]s1 habits1 uni=ms1 nuns1 conv5ts1 purgatory1 sa9tly & prie/ly int]cession1 indulg5ces1 works ( sup]]ogation1 pope1 ar*bi%ops1 abbots1 abbesses1 monks1 neophytes1 relics & relic-wor%ip1 exclusive burial-gr\nd1 etc41 etc41 etc4#ba ,nev]!less1 ^! resemblances are almo/ :olly sup]ficial1 & h little or no?+ to d ) g5u9e religion4 ,su* matt]s are ( ae/hetic & ( comm]cial1 r ?an ( spiritual1 int]e/4 ,!y conc]n prie/craft & vulg> sup]/ition r ?an tru? & righte\sness4 ,9 po9t ( dogma a :ole _w ( ?\ght sep>ates ,buddhism f e =m ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,k1 enlight5m5t1 is ! condition ( ,buddhi/ic grace1 n fai?4 ,self-p]fectionm5t is ! means ( salvation1 n ! vic>i\s suff]+s ( a ,r$eem]4 ,n et]nal life is ! end & active p>ticipation 9 unceas+ pray] & praise1 b absorption into ,nirvana 7,jap4 ,nehan71 practical annihilation4#bb ,at c]ta9 po9ts1 ! metaphysic ( ,buddhism is s closely l t ( ,*ri/ian !ology1 t a connection on reciprocal ex*ange ( ideas is n only possible b probable4 ,9 _! highe/ ?9k+1#bc ! s9c]e ,*ri/ian & ,buddhi/ approa* ea* o!r 9 _! se>* aft] tru?4 ,! key-^w ( ,buddhism is ,+wa1 :i* means law or fate1 ! *a9 ( cause & effect 9 :i* man is f\nd1 a!i/ic evolution appli$ to e?ics1 ! gr9d+ ma*9]y ( a univ]se 9 :i* is no ,creator-,fa!r1 no love1 pity or he>t4 ,if ! cry ( ! human _s has compell$ ! mak]s ( ,buddhi/ !ology to furni% a goddess ( m]cy1 x is b "o subord9ate be+ among _m4 ,if a b\ndlessly compassionate ,amida is ?\ght out1 x is an imag9>y be+4 ,! symbol ( ,buddhism is ! :eel ( ! law1 :i* revolves z m]cilessly z ceaselessly4#bd ,! key-^w ( ,*ri/ianity is love1 & its message is grace4 ,its symbol is ! cross1 & its sacram5t ! supp]1 9 tok5 ( ! inf9ite love ( ! ,fa!r :o wrote 8 revelation 9 a human life4 ,! resemblances betwe5 ! religions ( ,gautama & ( ,jesus1 are purely sup]ficial4 ,!y appe> to ! outw>d man4 ,! inw>d man _c1 ev5 f ,d>i5 peaks ( obs]vation or 9 8 scrut9y de pr(undis1 discov] any vital or hi/orical connection betwe5 ! two fai?s1 ,*ri/ianity & ,buddhism4 ,9 8 !ology ! ,*ri/ian says ,god is all2 b ! ,buddhi/ says ,all is god4 ,buddhism says de/roy ! passions3 ,*ri/ianity says control !m4 ,! ,buddhi/'s wat*word is ,nirvana4 ,! ,*ri/ian's is ,et]nal ,life 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4#be ,! ,temples & ,_! ,symbolism4 ,9 ! va/ airy halls ( a ,buddhi/ temple "o w (t5 see columns made ( :ole tree-trunks1 %eet$ ) gold & support+ massive ceil+s :i* are empanell$ & gorge\s ) e hue & t9t kn[n to ! palette4 ,besides ! color+1 c>v+ & gild+1 ! ri* symbolism /rikes ! eye & t\*es ! imag9ation4 ,x is a pleas+ /udy = "o famili> ) ! backgr\nd & _w ( ,buddhism1 to note _! revelation & expression 9 art1 z well z to disc]n :at ! v>y+ sects accept or reject4 ,!re is ! lotus1 9 leaf1 bud1 fl[] & calyx2#bf ! diamond 9 e =m1 real & imag9>y1 ) ! vagra or emblem ( conque/2 :ile on ! alt>s1 beside ! c5tral image1 be x t ( ,%aka or ( ,amida1 are ,bodhisattvas or ,buddhas by brevet1 be+s 9 e /ate ( exi/5ce1 z well z deities ( _m names & =ms4 ,ab/ract ideas & attributes are express$ 9 ! art language n only ( ,japan1 ,korea & ,*9a1 b also 9 t ( ,india & ev5 ( ,p]sia & ,greece1#bg until "o wond]s h[ an ,aryan religion1 l ,buddhism1 c\ld h s conqu]$ & unifi$ ! _m nations ( ,*9ese ,asia4 ,he wond]s1 inde$1 until he rememb]s h[ x has itself be5 trans=m$ & *ang$ 9 popul> sub/ance1 f l(ty metaphysics & e?ics into pan!ism = ! %orn1 & into poly!ism = ! un%orn4 ,look+ at e>ly ,japanese pictures ) ! eye ( ! hi/orian1 z well z ( ! connoisseur ( art1 "o w see t ! fir/ real s*ool ( ,japanese art 0 ,buddhi/ic4 ,! mod]n s*ool ( pictorial art1 nam$ f ! monki% phrase1 ,ukioy--pictures ( ! ,pass+ ,_w--is inde$ v int]e/+ to ! we/]n /ud5t1 because x seems to be m 9 t\* ) ! human nature ( ! :ole _w1 z di/9ct f :at is local1 ,*9ese1 or sect>ian4 ,yet1 ca/+ a glance back ( ! m$iaeval ,kano1 ,*9ese & ,yamato-,tosa /yles1 he f9ds t ,buddhism gave ,japan h] fir/ examples ( & /imulus to pictorial art4#bh ,he sees fur!r t in/ead ( ! mono*rome ( ,*9ese exotic art1 or ! fir/ rude attempts ( ! native p5cil1 ,buddhism began ,japanese sculpture1 c>v+ & ne>ly e o!r =m ( pla/ic or pictorial repres5tation1 9 :i* are all ! elem5ts ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism1 z s lavi%ly repres5t$1 = example1 9 t great sutra :i* is ! book1 p> excell5ce1 ( ,japanese ,buddhism1 ! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika4 ,turn+ f text to art1 we behold ! gold5 lakes ( joy1 ! m\nta9 ( gems1 ! float+ female angels ) _! m>vell\s drap]y & lovely faces1 ! g5tle b5ignity ( ! goddesses ( m]cy1 ! rays ( light & ! glory /ream+ f face & head ( ! holy ones1 ! spl5dors ( co/ume1 ! v>i$ beauties ( ! lotus1 ! ho/s ( m9i/]+ intellig5ces1 ! luxuriant symbolism1 ! purple cl\ds1 ! :eel ( ! law1 ! swa/ika#bi or d\ble cross1 & ! vagra1#cj or diamond trefoil4 ,all t color1 p]fume1 s5su\s delights1 art & luxury c sugge/1 are "h1 toge!r ) all ! v>i\s ord]s ( be+s t inhabit ! ,buddhi/ univ]se2 & ^! are set =? 9 _! fulness & detail4 ,9 ! six conditions ( s5ti5t exi/5ce are devas or gods1 m51 asuras or mon/]s1 pretas or demons1 bea/s1 & be+s 9 hell4 ,9 portray+ ^!1 ! arti/s & sculptors d n always slavi%ly foll[ tradition or uni=mity4 ,! critical eye notes ne>ly z mu* g5ius1 wit & v>iety z 9 ! m$iaeval ca!dral ar*itecture ( ,europe4 ,probably ! mo/ popul> gr\ps ( idols are ^? ( ! sev5 or ! ?irty-?ree ,kuannon1 ( ! six ,jizo#ca or compassionate help]s1 & ( ! sixte5 or ! five hundr$ ,rakan#cb or circles ( primitive disciples ( ,gautama4 ,! angelic be+s & sweetly s++ birds ( ,p>adise are also favorite subjects ( ! arti/s4 ,"o :o has liv$ alongside ! great temples2 :o kn[s ! daily r\t9e & sees :at p[]ful eng9es ( popul> in/ruction !y are2 :o has be5 pres5t at ! great fe/ivals & look$ ^u ! mighty kit*5s & refectories 9 op]ation2 & :o has gone 9 & out among _! mona/]ies & exam9$ _! records1 _! g5ealogies & _! relics1 c see h[ p[]fully ,buddhism has m\ld$ ! :ole life ( ! p ?r\gh long ages4 ,! village temple is (t5 ! epitome & repository ( ! social life ( ! p n[ liv+1 & ( ! /ory ( _! ance/ors = g5]ations ^u g5]ations pa/4 ,x is ! hi/orico-g5ealogical society1 ! museum1 ! repository ( docum5ts & trophies1 ! place ( national ?anksgiv+ & praise1 ( public sorr[ & f>ewell1 a place ( r5dezv\s & sep>ation1 ! />t+-po9t ( procession1 & ! c5tre ( fe/ival & joy2 & ?us x is l9k$ ) ! life ( ! p4 ,9 o!r respects1 also1 ! temple is l ! old village ca!dral ( m$iaeval ,europe4 ,x is 9 _m sects ! c5tre ( popul> pleasure ( all sorts1 bo? reputable & disreputable4 ,n only %ops & baza>s1 fairs & m>kets1 games & sports1 clu/] ar\nd x1 b also curiosities & works ( popul> art1 ! relics ( w>1 & ! trophies ( travel & adv5ture4 ,except t ,buddhism--outside ( ,india--nev] _h ! unity ( ,european ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,buddhi/ temple is ! mirror & encyclopa$ia bo? ( hi/ory & ( contempor>y life4 ,z fame & r5[n are necess>y = ! glory ( ! place or ! /ructure1 favorite gods1 or r _! idols1 are frequ5tly c>ri$ ab\t on />r+ t\rs4 ,at ! op5+ to public view ( "s fam\s image or relic1 a great fe/ival or revival call$ ,kai-* is held1 :i* becomes a sc5e ( trade & m]ry-mak+ l t ( ! m$iaeval fair or k]mis 9 ,europe4 ,! f>-ori5tal is able z skilfully z 8 we/]n confrre1 to mix bus9ess & religion & to suppose t ga9 is godl9ess4 ,fur!r1 ! manufacture ( leg5d becomes a ?riv+ indu/ry2 :ile ! n-infrequ5t s5sation ( a popul> miracle is manipulat$ by ! bonzes--= prie/craft 9 all ages & climes is ak9 ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,x is no wond] t "s hone/ ,japanese1 inc5s$ at ! %ams utiliz$ by ! religi\s1 has /ruck out l co9 ! prov]b t r+s true--,good doctr9e ne$s no miracle4 ,! ,bell & ! ,cemet]y4 ,! ,buddhi/ mission>ies1 & especially ! f\nd]s ( temples1 ?or\ghly und]/ood ! p[] ( natural beauty to humble1 inspire & soo! ! s\l ( man4 ,! in/9ctive love ( ! ,japanese p = f9e sc5]y1 0 made an ally ( fai?4 ,! sites = temples 7 *os5 ) ref]5ce to _! impos+ surr\nd+s or impressive vi/as4 ,:e!r z sp>k-arre/]s & protectives aga9/ fire1 or to compel rev]5t awe1 ! l(tie/ ev]gre5 trees are plant$ ar\nd ! sacr$ /ructure4 ,^! trees ( ,jehovah are compell]s to rev]5ce4 ,! ali5's hat comes (f in/9ctively--?\gh x may be less conv5i5t to %$ boots ?an s&als--z he ent]s ! sacr$ /ructure4 ,! great tongueless bell is ano!r /rik+ accessory to ! temple s]vices4 ,ne> at h& /&s ! belfry out ( :i* boom =? tid+s ( ! h\rs4 ,9 ! fl[ ( "t & ye>s1 ! note ( ! bell becomes m significant1 & 9 old age solemn1 mak+ 9 ! lapse ( c5turies an educat+ p[] 9 s]i\sness4 ,z sad z a temple bell is ! co9age ( popul> spee*4 ,_m ( ! inscriptions1 ?\gh ) less ( sunny hope & joy ?an ev5 ,*ri/ian grave-/ones be>1 are yet m\rnfully beautiful4#cc ,!y prea* ,buddhism 9 its reality4 ,:]eas1 ! g5]al associations ( ! ,*ri/ian spire & belfry1 ap>t f ! note ( "t1 are ^? ( joy1 invitation & good news1 ^? ( ! tongueless & log-/ruck bells ( ,buddhism are sombre & sadd5+4 ,z m]ry z a m>riage bell1 c\ld nev] be said ( ! boom f a ,buddhi/ temple1 ev5 ?\gh x p\r waves ( s\nd ?r\gh sunny leagues4 ,!re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! peal & play ( ! *imes ( ,europe & ! liquid melody :i* floods ! l&scape ( ,*9ese ,asia4 ,! "o music1 high 9 air1 seems ev] to tell ( fai?1 triumph & aspiration2 ! o!r 9 m9or notes1 f bells hung l[ on yokes1 p]petually e*oes ! pessimism ( despair1 ! folly ( liv+ & ! joy t anticipates its end4 ,above all1 ! temple holds & gov]ns ! cemet]y#cd z well z ! cradle2 :ile f x emanate influ5ces t enwrap & surr\nd ! villag]1 f bir? to dea?4 ,s9ce ! outlawry ( ,*ri/ianity1 & especially s9ce ! division ( ! empire into ,buddhi/ p>i%es1 ! bonzes h _h ! ov]sight ( bir?1 dea?1 m>riage & divorce4 ,p>ticul>ly t5aci\s1 9 common ) prie/craft all ov] ! _w1 is _! clut* ^u :at !y call consecrat$ gr\nd4 ,9 a l>ge s5se ,japan is /ill1 :at ,*9a has always be51 a c\ntry gov]n$ by ! gravey>d4 ,^! cities ( ! dead are usually kept 9 attractive ord] & made beautiful ) fl[]s 9 memoriam4 ,! /udy ( epitaphs & mortu>y ar*itecture1 ?\gh n )\t elem5ts bord]+ on ! ludicr\s1 is enjoy$ by ! ?\ghtful /ud5t4#ce ,9 e community ! inhabitants are enroll$ at bir? at ! local temple1 ^: prie/s are ! au?oriz$ religi\s tea*]s1 & are always expect$ to take *>ge ( ! fun]als ( ^? ^: names are ?us enroll$4 ,s long z an individual rema9s 9 ! region ( ! family temple1 ! tie :i* b9ds him to x is exce$+ly difficult to break2 b if he moves away he is no long] b\nd by ?is tie4 ,?is expla9s ! fact1 s (t5 obs]v$ by mission>ies1 t ! memb]%ip ( ,*ri/ian *ur*es is made up almo/ entirely ( p :o h come f o!r localities4 ,9 ! city ( ,osaka1 = in/ance1 x is a v r>e ?+ to f9d a native ,osakan 9 any ( ! *ur*es4 ,! same is true 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,s long z a ,japanese rema9s 9 ! neighborhood ( 8 family temple x is almo/ impossible to get him to break ! temple tie & jo9 a ,*ri/ian *ur*2 b :5 he moves to ano!r place he is free to d z he likes4#cf ,?is /atem5t ( a resid5t 9 mod]n ,japan w long rema9 true = a l>ge "p ( ! empire4 ,political & ,milit>y ,influ5ces4 ,a volume might be writt5 & devot$ to ,japanese ,buddhism z a political p[]2 =1 hav+ quickly obta9$ intellectual possession ( ! c\rt & emp]or1 x dictat$ ! policies ( ! rul]s4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #fbd1 x 0 recogniz$ z a /ate religion1 & ! hi]>*y ( prie/s 0 (ficially e/abli%$4 ,at ?is date !re 7 #df temples & mona/]ies1 ) #haf monks & #efi nuns4 ,z e>ly z ! eigh? c5tury1 beg9n+ ) ,%mu1 :o reign$ ,a4,d4 #gbd-gbh1 & :o ) 8 daught]1 aft]w>d ! female ,mikado1 became a disciple ( ,%aka1 ! habit ( ! emp]ors becom+ monks1 %av+ _! heads & retir+ f public life1 came 9 vogue & la/$ until ne> ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,by ?is means ! bonzes 7 soon enabl$ to call ,buddhism ! p's religion1 & to secure ! res\rces ( ! national treasury z an aid to _! temple & mona/]y build+1 & = ! erection ( ^? images & wayside %r9es on :i* s _m millions ( doll>s h be5 lavi%$4 ,9 addition to ?is subsidiz$ propag&a1 ! ,buddhi/ confessor 0 too (t5 able1 by means ( ! wife1 concub9e1 or o!r female memb] ( ! h\sehold1 imp]ial or noble1 to dictate ! imp]ial policy 9 accordance ) monki% or prie/ly ideas4 ,ugno ,d-ki1 a monk1 is believ$ to h aspir$ to ! ?rone4 ,be+ made premi] by ! ,empress ,k-k51 ^: passion = him is ! sc&al ( hi/ory1 he made no scruple ( ext5d+ ! p[] z well z ! influ5ce ( ! ,buddhi/ hi]>*y4 ,buddhism _h also a di/9ct influ5ce on ! milit>y hi/ory ( ! c\ntry1#cg & ?is 0 greate/ dur+ ! civil w>s ( ! rival ,mikados 7#accf-acib71 :5 ! :ole c\ntry 0 a camp & two l9es ( nom9ees claim$ to be desc5dants ( ! sun-goddess4 ,japan's only =eign w>s h be5 9 ! neighbor+ p59sula ( ,korea1 & ?i!r ! bonzes w5t ) ! armies 9 ! exp$itions ( ! e>ly c5turies1 & 9 t great invasion ( #aeib-aeig1 :i* has left a sc> ev5 to ?is day on ! ,korean m9d4 ,at home1 ,buddhi/ prie/s only too gladly accompani$ ! imp]ial armies ( conque/ & occupation4 ,dur+ c5turies ( activity 9 ! s\?we/ & 9 ! f> ea/ & extreme nor?1 ! milit>y br\ght ! outly+ portions ( ! empire1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole ar*ipelago1 "u ! sway ( ! ,yamato tribe & ! ,mikado's dom9ion4 ,! %orn cl]ks n only liv$ 9 camp1 m9i/]$ to ! sick & %riv$ ! dy+ soldi]1 b wrote texts = ! bann]s1 furni%$ ! amulets & w> cries1 & 7 ev] assi/ant & valuable 9 keep+ up ! temp] & morals ( ! armies4#ch ,no soon] 0 ! campaign ov] & peace _h become ! ord] ( ! day1 ?an ! en?usia/ic mission>ies began to prea* & to tea* 9 ! pacifi$ region4 ,!y set up ! %r9es1 anon />t$ ! s*ool & built ! temple2 usually1 inde$1 ) ! aid ( ! law & ! gov]nm5t1 act+ z ag5ts ( a politico-ecclesia/ical e/abli%m5t1 yet ) en]gy & consecration4 ,9 lat] feudal days1 :5 ! soldi] classes obta9$ ! upp] h&1 ov]aw$ ! c\rt & ,mikado & gradually supplant$ ! civil au?ority1 introduc+ feudalism & m>tial law1 ! bonzes (t5 repres5t$ ! popul> & democratic side4 ,prote/+ aga9/ arbitr>y gov]nm5t1 !y came into collision ) ! w>rior rul]s1 s z to be expos$ to imprisonm5t & ! sword4 ,yet ev5 z refugees & z m5 to :om ! old seats ( activity no long] (f]$ success or com=t1 !y w5t (f into ! di/ant & outly+ prov9ces1 prea*+ ! old t5ets & ! new fa%ions 9 !ology4 ,?us aga9 !y won ho/s ( conv]ts1 built mona/]ies1 op5$ fre% pa?s & 7 purveyors ( civilization4 ,! feudal ages 9 ,japan br$ ! same type ( militant prie/ kn[n 9 ,europe--! milit>y bi%op & ! soldi] monk4 ,s f> f ,japan's be+ ! ,l& ( ,great ,peace1 & ,buddhism's be+ necess>ily g5tle & non-resi/ant1 we f9d 9 ! *equ]$ hi/ory ( ! isl& empire _m a bloody battle betwe5 ! monks on horseback & 9 armor4#ci ,rival sect>ians kept ! c\ntry disquiet$ = ye>s4 ,betwe5 !mselves & _! favor$ laym51 & ! enemy1 consi/+ ( ! rival =ces1 lay & cl]ical1 9 l array1 _m a bloody battle 0 f\ght4 ,! writ] liv$ = "o ye> 9 ,e*iz51 :i*1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 0 ! battle-gr\nd = ov] fifty ye>s1 ( w>r+ monks4 ,! abbot ( ! ,mona/]y ( ! ,orig9al ,v[1 ( ! ,%9 sect1 9 ,kito1 _h built be=e ! ma9 edifice a two-/ori$ gate1 :i* 0 expect$ to ?r[ into ! %ade e o!r gateway 9 ,japan1 & especially to humble ! pride ( ! monks ( ! ,t5dai sect1 9 ,hiyizan1 ,! monks ( ! m\nta91 sw>m+ d[n into ! capital city1 attack$ ! gate & mona/]y ( ! ,%9 sect & burn$ ! =m] to a%es4 ,! abbot ?us driv5 (f by fire1 fl$ nor?w>d1 &1 jo9$ by a p[]ful body ( adh]5ts1 made himself possessor ( ! ri* prov9ces ( ,kaga & ,e*iz51 hold+ ?is region = half a c5tury1 until able to rebuild ! mighty =tress-mona/]ies ne> ,kito & at ,osaka4 ,^! /rongholds ( ! fight+ ,%9 prie/s _h become s p[]ful z ars5als & milit>y headqu>t]s1 t 9 #aegj1 ,nobunaga1 skilful g5]al z he 01 & back$ by sixty ?\s& m51 0 unsuccessful 9 8 attempt to r$uce !m4 ,= t5 ye>s1 ! w> betwe5 ,nobunaga & ! ,%9 sect>ians kept ! c\ntry 9 disord]4 ,x f9ally end$ 9 ! conflagration ( ! great religi\s =tress at ,osaka1 & ! retreat ( ! monks to ano!r "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,by _! trea*]y & inc5di>ism1 ! %avel+s prev5t$ ! soldi]s f enjoy+ ! prizes4 ,to detail ! :ole hi/ory ( ! fight+ monks w\ld be t$i\s4 ,!y h _h a foo?old = _m c5turies & ev5 to ! pres5t "t1 9 e prov9ce except t ( ,satsuma4 ,!re1 because !y trea*]\sly aid$ ! great ,hidyo%i to subdue ! prov9ce1 ! fi]y clansm51 nev] dur+ ,tokugawa days1 p]mitt$ a ,buddhi/ prie/ to come4#dj ,lit]ature1 & ,education4 ,9 its lit]>y & s*ola/ic developm5t1 ,japanese ,buddhism on its popul> educational side des]ves great praise4 ,al?\gh ! ,buddhi/ canon#da 0 nev] translat$ into ! v]nacul>1#db & :ile ! libr>y ( native ,buddhism1 9 ! way ( comm5t>y or g5]al lit]ature1 reflects no special cr$it ^u ! prie/s1 yet ! hi/orian mu/ aw>d !m high honor1 because ( ! "p tak5 by !m z educators & s*oolma/]s4#dc ,education 9 anci5t & m$iaeval times 01 among ! laym51 conf9$ almo/ :olly to ! imp]ial c\rt1 & 0 consid]$ *iefly to be1 ei!r z an adjunct to polite accompli%m5ts1 or z valuable especially 9 prep>+ "y m5 = political (fice4#dd ,f ! fir/ introduction ( lett]s until well into ! n9ete5? c5tury1 !re 0 no special provision = education made by ! gov]nm5t1 except t1 9 mod]n & rec5t times 9 ! ca/le t[ns ( ! ,daimis1 !re 7 s*ools ( ,*9ese le>n+ = ! ,samurai4 ,private s*ools & s*ool-ma/]s#de 7 also cr$itably num]\s4 ,9 orig9al lit]ature1 poetry1 fiction & hi/ory1 z well z 9 ! humbl] works ( compilation1 9 ! mak+ ( text-books & 9 descriptive lore1 ! p5s ( _m prie/s h be5 busy4#df ,! e>lie/ biography writt5 9 ,japan 0 ( ,%toku1 ! great lay patron ( ,buddhism4 ,9 ! ages ( w> ! mona/]y 0 ! ark ( pres]vation amid a flood ( desolation4 ,! temple s*ools 7 e>ly e/abli%$1 & 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies became at times almo/ coext5sive ) ! empire4 ,besides ! tra9+ ( ! neophytes 9 ! ,*9ese language & ! v]nacul>1 !re 7 connect$ ) ?\s&s ( temples1 s*ools 9 :i* ! *ildr51 n only ( ! well-to-d1 b l>gely ( ! p1 7 taught ! rudim5ts ( education1 *iefly read+ & writ+4 ,mo/ ( ! libr>ies ( ! c\ntry 7 ^? 9 mona/]ies4 ,al?\gh x is n probable t ,kb inv5t$ ! ,kana or common script1 yet x is reasonably c]ta9 t ! bonzes#dg 7 ! *ief in/rum5t 9 ! diffusion & popul>ization ( t simple sy/em ( writ+1 :i* made x possible to c>ry lit]ature d[n into ! homes ( ! m]*ant & peasant1 & enabl$ ev5 wom5 & *ildr5 to beguile ! t$ium ( _! lives4 ,?us ! p exp&$ _! ?\ghts ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! writt51 & lat] ( ! pr9t$1 page4#dh ,until mod]n c5turies1 :5 ! s*ool ( pa9t]s1 :i* culm9at$ 9 ,hoksai & 8 contempor>ies1 br\ght a love ( art d[n to ! l[e/ classes ( ! p1 ! only tea*] ( pictorial & sculptural art = ! multitude1 0 ,buddhism4 ,s /rong is ?is popul> delight 9 ?+s arti/ic t probably1 to ?is passion z mu* z to ! religi\s in/9ct1 we owe _m ( ! wayside %r9es & images1 ! symbolical & beautifully prep>$ l&scapes1 & ^? /one /airways :i* slope upw>d t[>d ! %r9es on ! hill-tops4 ,9 ,japan1 art is n a =eign language2 x is v]nacul>4 ,?us1 :ile we gladly po9t out h[ ,buddhism1 along ! pa?s ( exploration1 comm]ce1 inv5tion1 sociology1 milit>y & political influ5ce1 education & lit]ature1 n only propagat$ religion1 b civiliz$ ,japan1#di x is b 9 ! int]e/ ( fairness & tru? t we po9t out t :]e9 ! great sy/em 0 defici5t4 ,if we make comp>ison ) ,*ri/5dom & ! religion ( ,jesus1 x is less ) ! purpose ( ! polemic :o mu/ p]haps necess>ily disp>age1 & m ) ! idea ( mak+ contra/ betwe5 :at we h se5 9 ,japan & :at we h enjoy$ z commonplace 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,europe4 ,?+s ,:i* ,buddhism ,left ,undone4 ,9 ! ?irte5 hundr$ ye>s ( ! life ( ,buddhism 9 ,japan1 :at are ! fruits1 & :at are ! failures8 ,despite its incessant & multif>i\s activities1 "o looks 9 va9 = ! hospital1 ! orphan asylum1 ! home = eld]ly m5 or wom5 or ag$ c\ples1 or ! asylum = ! insane1 & mu* less1 = t va/ & complicat$ sy/em ( organiz$ *>ities1 :i*1 ev5 amid our mat]ial gre$ ( ga91 make cities l ,new ,york1 or ,london1 or ,*icago1 s beautiful f ! po9t ( view ( humanity4 ,buddhism did inde$ tea* k9dness to animals1 mak+ ev5 ! dog1 ?\gh own]less & outca/1 9 a s5se sacr$4 ,because ( 8 fai? 9 ! doctr9e ( ! transmigration ( s\ls1 ! toil+ labor] w keep 8 :eels or 8 feet f h>m+ ! cat or dog or *ick5 9 ! road1 ev5 ?\gh x be at risk & tr\ble & ) add$ labor to himself4 ,! pi\s w buy ! live birds or eels f ! old woman :o sits on ! bridge1 9 ord] to give !m life & lib]ty aga9 9 air or wat]4 ,! sacr$ rice is = sale at ! temples1 n only to fe$ b to fatt5 ! holy pigeons4 ,yet1 :ile all ?is c>e is lavi%$ on animals1 ! human be+ suff]s4#ej ,buddhism is k9d to ! brute1 & cruel to man4 ,until ! influx ( we/]n ideas 9 rec5t ye>s1 ! hospital & ! orphanage did n exi/ 9 ,japan1 despite ! g5tl5ess & t5d]ness ( ,%aka1 :o1 ) all 8 m]its1 des]t$ 8 wife & babe 9 ord] to enlight5 mank9d4#ea ,if ,buddhism is n directly responsible = ! exi/5ce ( t class ( ,japanese p>iahs call$ hi-n91 or n-human1 ! "n & ! idea are borr[$ f ! sutras2 :ile ! execration ( all :o prep>e or sell ! fle% ( animals is p]si/5tly taught 9 ! sacr$ books4 ,^! un=tunate be>]s ( ! human image1 dur+ twelve hundr$ ye>s & until ! fiat ( ! pres5t illu/ri\s emp]or made !m citiz5s1 7 n reckon$ 9 ! c5sus1 nor 0 ! l& on :i* !y dwelt measur$4 ,! imp]ial edict :i* f9ally elevat$ ! ,eta to citiz5%ip1 0 sugge/$ by "o ^: life1 ?\gh kn[n to m5 z t ( a ,confucian1 0 probably hid ) ,*ri/1 ,yokoi ,hi%iro4#eb ,! emp]or ,mutsuhito1 #abc;d ( ! l9e ( ,japan1 born on ! day :5 ,p]ry 0 on ! ,mississippi & ready to sail1 plac$ ov] ^! outca/ p 9 #ahga1 ! protect+ aegis ( ! law4#ec ,until t "t1 ! p 9 ?is un=tunate class1 numb]+ probably a million1 or1 z "s say1 ?ree millions1 7 compell$ to live outside ( ! limits ( human habitation1 hav+ no lights :i* society or ! law 0 b\nd to respect4 ,!y 7 giv5 food or dr9k only :5 b5evol5ce might be r\s$2 b ! donor w\ld nev] aga9 t\* ! vessel 9 :i* ! (f]+ 0 made4 ,! ,eta1#ed ?\gh 9 individual cases becom+ measurably ri*1 rott$ & />v$1 & 7 made ! fil?1 & (f-sc\r+ ( ! e>?1 because !y 7 ! but*]s1 ! sk9n]s1 ! lea!r work]s1 & ?us h&l$ dead animals1 be+ made also ! execution]s & buri]s ( ! dead4 ,aft] a qu>t] ( a c5tury ! citiz5s1 ^: ance/ry is n =gott51 suff] social o/racism ev5 m ?an d ! fre$ slaves ( our c\ntry1 ?\gh betwe5 !m & ! o!r ,japanese !re is no color l9e1 b only ! /reak ( diff]5ce :i* ,buddhism creat$ & has ma9ta9$4 ,nev]!less1 let x be said to ! et]nal honor ( ,%9 ,%u & ( "s ( ! m9or sects1 t !y 7 always k9d & helpful to ! ,eta4 ,fur!rmore x w\ld be h>d to discov] ,buddhi/ mission>y activities among ! ,a9os1 or b5efits conf]r$ ^u !m by ! disciples ( ,gautama4 ,"o w\ld suppose t ! ,buddhi/s1 pr(ess+ to be believ]s 9 spiritual democracy1 w\ld be equally active among all sorts & conditions ( m52 b !y h n be5 s4 ,ev5 9 ! days :5 ! regions ( ! ,ebisu or b>b>ians 7,yezo7 ext5d$ f> s\?w>d ^u ! ma9 isl&1 ! mission>y bonze 0 conspicu\s by 8 abs5ce among ^! p4 ,x w\ld seem z ?\gh ! popul> notion t ! ,a9os are ! (fspr+ ( dogs1 _h be5 f$ by prejudices inculcat$ by ,buddhism4 ,x has be5 res]v$ = ,*ri/ian ali5s to r$uce ! language ( ^! simple savages to writ+1 & to express 9 x = _! spiritual b5efit ! ideas & lit]ature ( a religion high] ?an _! own1 z well z to erect *ur* edifices & build hospitals4 ,! ,attitude ,t[>d ,woman4 ,9 its attitude t[>d woman1 :i* is p]haps "o ( ! crucial te/s ( a religion z well z ( a civilization1 ,buddhism has some:at to be prais$ & mu* to be blam$ =4 ,x is probable t ! ,japanese woman owes m to ,buddhism ?an to ,confucianism1 ?\gh relatively h] position 0 highe/ "u ,%9t4 ,9 ,japan ! wom5 are ! free/ 9 ,asia1 & probably ! be/ treat$ among any ,asiatic nation1 b ?is is n because ( ,gautama's tea*+4#ee ,v e>ly 9 its hi/ory ,japanese ,buddhism welcom$ womanhood to its frat]nity & ord]1#ef yet ! ,japanese ama1 bikuni1 or nun1 nev] became a si/] ( m]cy1 or rea*$1 ev5 )9 a measurable di/ance1 ! dignity ( ! ,*ri/ian lady 9 ! nunn]y4 ,9 ,european hi/ory ! abbess is a notable figure4 ,%e is h>dly he>d ( beyond ! ,japanese nunn]y1 ev5 by ! native s*ol>--except 9 fiction4 ,s f> z we c see1 ! religion f\nd$ by "o :o des]t$ 8 wife & babe did no?+ to *eck concub9age or polygamy4 ,x simply all[$ ^! ?+s1 or ameliorat$ _! anci5t b>b>ic conditions ?r\gh ! law ( k9dness4 ,nev]!less1 x br\ght education & culture )9 ! family z well z )9 ! c\rt4 ,x w\ld be an int]e/+ "q to discuss h[ f> ! age ( classic v]nacul> prose or ! e>ly m$iaeval lit]ature ( romance1 :i* is almo/ :olly ! creation ( woman1#eg is due to ,buddhism1 or h[ f> ! cr$it belongs1 by induction or reaction1 to ! ,*9ese movem5t 9 favor ( le>n+4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! fai? ( ,india t\*es & fe$s ! imag9ation f> m ?an does t ( ,*9a4 ,c]ta9ly also1 ! animat+ _s ( mo/ ( ! popul> lit]ature is due to ,buddhi/ic culture4 ,! ,%9 sect1 :i* p]mits ! m>riage ( ! prie/s & prea*es ! salvation ( woman1 probably leads all o!rs 9 accord+ honor to h] z well z 9 elevat+ h] social position4 ,buddhism1 l ,roman ,ca?olicism1 & z comp>$ to ,confucianism :i* is prote/ant & mascul9e1 is fem99e 9 its type4 ,9 ,japan ! place ( ! holy ,virg9 ,m>y is tak5 by ,kuannon1 ! goddess ( m]cy2 & h] %r9e is "o ( ! mo/ popul> ( all4 ,mu* ! same may be said ( ,b5t51 ! que5 ( ! heav5 & mi/ress ( ! seas4 ,! angels ( ,buddhism are always fem99e1 &1 z 9 ! unscriptural & pagan conception ( ,*ri/ian angels1 h w+s4#eh ,s also 9 ! leg5ds ( ,gautama1 9 ! ,buddhi/ lives ( ! sa9ts1 & 9 leg5d>y lore z well z 9 glyptic & pictorial art1 ! female be+ transfigur$ 9 lovel9ess is a /rik+ figure4 ,nev]!less1 aft] all is summ$ up t c possibly be said 9 favor ( ,buddhism1 ! position x accords to woman is n only immeasurably b5ea? t giv5 by ,*ri/ianity1 b is bel[ t conc$$ by ,%9t1 :i* kn[s n only goddesses & h]o9es1 b also prie/esses & empresses4#ei ,accord+ to ! popul> e?ical view z photograph$ 9 language1 lit]ature & art1 jeal\sy is always repres5t$ by a female demon4 ,inde$1 mo/ ( ! tempt]s1 devils1 & trans=mations ( humanity into malign be+s1 :e!r pretas1 asuras1 oni1 foxes1 badg]s1 or cats1 are females4 ,z ! ,*9ese ideographs associate all ?+s weak or vile ) wom51 s ! tell-tale words ( ,japanese daily spee* are b reflections ( ! dogmas co9$ 9 ! ,buddhi/ m9t4 ,9 ,japanese1 *a/ity means n moral cleanl9ess )\t reg>d to sex1 b only womanly duties4 ,=1 :ile ! man is all[$ a loose foot1 ! woman is expect$ n only to be absolutely spotless1 b also nev] to %[ any jeal\sy1 h[ev] wide ! husb& may roam1 or h[ev] num]\s may be ! concub9es 9 8 family4 ,9 a ^w1 !re is ! d\ble /&>d ( morals1 n only ( prie/ & laity1 b ( man & woman4 ,! position ( ! ,japanese woman ev5 ( to-day1 despite t eag]ness once %[n to educate h]--an eag]ness :i* soon cool$ 9 ! gov]nm5t s*ools1 b :i* keeps an ev5 pulse 9 ! ,*ri/ian home & college--is /ill relatively "o ( degradation z comp>$ ) t ( h] si/] 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,= ?is1 ! mid-,asian religion is n :olly responsible1 yet x is l>gely s4 ,influ5ce on ! ,japanese ,"*4 ,9 reg>d to ! influ5ce ( ,buddhism ^u ! morals & "* ( ! ,japanese1 !re is mu* to be said 9 praise1 & mu* also 9 criticism4 ,x has aid$ p[]fully to educate ! p 9 habits ( g5tl5ess & c\rtesy1 b in/ead ( aspiration & expectancy ( improvem5t1 x has giv5 to !m t _s ( hopeless resignation :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,japanese masses4 ,buddhism has s dom9at$ common popul> lit]ature1 daily life & spee*1 t all _! m5tal proc$ure & _! utt]ance is ca/ 9 ! m\lds ( ,buddhi/ doctr9e4 ,! fatalism ( ! ,moslem _w express$ 9 ! idea ( ,kismet1 has its analogue 9 ! ,japanese ,+wa1 or cause & effect1--! notion ( an evolution :i* is a!i/ic1 b view$ f ! e?ical side4 ,?is idea ( ,+wa is ! key to mo/ ,japanese novels z well z dramas ( real life4#fj ,:ile ,buddhism cont9ually prea*es ?is doctr9e ( ,k>ma or ,+wa1#fa ! law ( cause & effect1 z be+ suffici5t to expla9 all ?+s1 x %[s its insuffici5cy & empt9ess by leav+ out ! great ,fir/ ,cause ( all4 ,9 a ^w1 ,buddhism is law1 b n gospel4 ,x deals mu* ) man1 b n ) man's relations ) 8 ,creator1 :om x utt]ly ignores4 ,*ri/ianity comes n to de/roy its e?ics1 beautiful z !y are1 nor to ignore its metaphysics2 b to fulfil1 to give a high] tru?1 & to reveal a l>g] ,univ]se & ,"o :o fills x all--n only law1 b a ,law-giv]4 ,,*apt] ,,xi - ,a ,,c5tury ,,( ,,roman ,,*ri/ianity ,sicut cadav]4 ,et fiet unum ovile et unus pa/or4--,vulgate1 ,john x4 #af4 ,he 7,xavi]7 has be5 ! moon ( t ',society ( ,jesus' ( :i* ,ignatius ,loyola 0 ! guid+ sun4--,s4,w4 ,duffield4 ,my ,god ,i love ,!e2 n because ,i hope = ,heav5 !reby1 ,nor yet because1 :o love ,!e n1 mu/1 die et]nally4 ,s w\ld ,i love ,!e1 de>e/ ,"l1 & 9 ,?y praise w s+2 ,solely because ?\ art my ,god1 & my et]nal ,k+4 --,hymn attribut$ to ,francis ,xavi]4 ,half hidd51 /ret*+ 9 a l5g!n$ l9e ,9 front ( ,*9a1 :i* its guide %all be1 ,japan ab\nds 9 m9es ( ,silv] f9e1 ,& %all enlight5'd be by holy fai? div9e4 --,camo5s ,! p ( ?is ,il& ( ,japon are good ( nature1 curte\s ab\e measure1 & valiant 9 w>re2 _! ju/ice is seu]ely execut$ )\t any p>tialitie vpon transgressors ( ! law4 ,!y are g\]n$ 9 great ciuilitie4 ,i meane1 n a l& bett] g\]n$ 9 ! _w by ciuill policie4 ,! p be v]ie sup]/iti\s 9 _! religion1 & are ( diu]s op9ions4--,w ,adams1 ,octob] #bb1 #afaa4 ,a critical hi/ory ( ,japan rema9s to be writt5 444 ,we %\ld "k next to no?+ ( :at may be t]m$ ! ,ca?olic episode ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 _h we access to none b ! (ficial ,japanese s\rces4 ,h[ c we tru/ ^? s\rces :5 !y deal ) times yet m remote8--,*amb]la94 ,! annals ( ! primitive ,*ur* furni% no in/ances ( sacrifice or h]oic con/ancy1 9 ! ,coliseum or ! ,roman ar5as1 t 7 n p>allel$ on ! dry riv]-b$s or execution-gr\nds ( ,japan4 ,!y 444 re/ f _! labors2 & _! works d foll[ !m4 --,revelation4 ,,*apt] ,,xi - ,a ,,c5tury ,,( ,,roman ,,*ri/ianity ,d>ke/ ,japan4 ,! /ory ( ! fir/ introduction & propagation ( ,roman ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan1 dur+ ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 has be5 told by _m writ]s1 bo? old & new1 & 9 _m languages4 ,rec5t rese>* ^u ! soil1#a bo? natives & =eign]s mak+ contributions1 has illu/rat$ ! subject afre%4 ,relics & memorials f\nd 9 v>i\s *ur*es1 mona/]ies & palaces1 on bo? sides ( ! ,pacific & ! ,atlantic1 h ca/ new light ^u ! fasc9at+ !me4 ,bo? ,*ri/ian & non-,*ri/ian ,japanese ( to-day1 9 _! travels 9 ! ,philipp9es1 ,*9a1 ,=mosa1 ,mexico1 ,spa91 ,portugal & ,italy1 be+ ke5ly al]t = memorials ( _! c\ntrym51 h met ) int]e/+ trov]s4 ,! desc5dants ( ! ,japanese m>tyrs & confessors n[ recognize _! own ance/ors1 9 ! picture gall]ies ( ,italian nobles1 & 9 ,*ri/ian *ur*es see lett]$ tombs be>+ famili> names1 or 9 we/]n museums disc]n f>-ea/]n works ( art br\ght ov] z pres5ts or curiosities1 c5turies ago4 ,r\ghly speak+1 ,japanese ,*ri/ianity la/$ ph5om5ally ne>ly a c5tury1 or m exactly f #aedb to #afcg1 ,dur+ ?is "t1 embassies or missions cross$ ! seas n only ( ,*9ese & ,p59sul> ,asia1 circumnavigat+ ,africa & ?us rea*+ ,europe1 b also sail$ across ! ,pacific1 & visit$ papal ,*ri/5dom by way ( ,mexico & ! ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,?is c5tury ( ,s\!rn ,*ri/ianity & ( comm]ce ) ,europe enabl$ ,japan1 :i* _h previ\sly be5 almo/ unhe>d (1 except ?r\gh ! vague acc\nts ( ,m>co ,polo & ! semi-my?ical /ories by way ( ,*9a1 to leave a conspicu\s m>k1 fir/ ^u ! c\ntries ( s\!rn ,europe1 & lat] ^u ,holl& & ,engl&4 ,z 9 ,european lit]ature ,ca?ay became ,*9a1 & ,zipango or ,xipangu 0 recogniz$ z ,japan1 s also ! curiosities1 ! arti/ic fabrics1 ! /range ?+s f ! ends ( ! e>?1 soon became famili> 9 ,europe4 ,besides ! traffic 9 m]cantile commodities1 !re 7 ex*anges ( words4 ,! languages ( ,europe 7 enri*$ by ,japanese t]ms1 su* z soy1 moxa1 goban1 japan 7lacqu] or v>ni%71 etc41 :ile ! tongue ( ,nippon receiv$ an infusion ( new t]ms1#b & a notable li/ ( inv5tions 0 import$ f ,europe4 ,we %all m]ely outl9e1 ) critical comm5t>y1 ! facts ( hi/ory :i* h be5 s (t5 told1 b :i* 9 our day h receiv$ lum9\s illu/ration4 ,we %all endeavor to treat ! g5]al ph5om5a1 causes & results ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan 9 ! same judicial _s ) :i* we h consid]$ ,buddhism4 ,:atev] be ! !ological or political op9ions ( ! obs]v] :o looks into ! hi/ory ( ,japan at ab\t ! ye> #aedj1 he w ackn[l$ge t ?is po9t ( "t 0 a v d>k mom5t 9 h] kn[n hi/ory4 ,columbus1 :o 0 famili> ) ! descriptions ( ,m>co ,polo1 /e]$ 8 c>avels we/w>d ) ! idea ( f9d+ ,xipangu1 ) its abundance ( gold & preci\s gems2 b ! ,g5oese did n & c\ld n "k ! real /ate ( affairs exi/+ 9 ,dai ,nippon at ?is "t4 ,let u glance at ?is4 ,! du>*y ( ,?rone & ,camp1 ) ! ,mikado 9 ,kito & ! ,%gun at ,kamakura1 ) ! elaborate feudalism "u x1 _h fall5 into decay4 ,! :ole c\ntry 0 split up into a ?\s& w>r+ fragm5ts4 ,to ^! convulsions ( society1 9 :i* only ! prie/ & ! soldi] 7 9 com=t1 :ile ! mass ( ! p 7 little bett] ?an s]fs1 mu/ be add$ ! frequ5t viol5t e>?quakes1 dr\ght & failure ( crops1 ) fam9e & pe/il5ce4 ,!re 0 little 9 religion to uplift & *e]4 ,%9t _h sunk into ! %ad[ ( a my?4 ,buddhism _h become outw>dly a sy/em ( political gambl+ r ?an ! ord]$ expression ( fai?4 ,l>ge numb]s ( ! prie/s 7 l ! m]c5>ies ( ,italy1 :o sold _! influ5ce & ev5 _! swords or ^? ( _! foll[]s1 to ! highe/ bidd]4 ,besides be+ !mselves luxuri\s & dissolute1 _! mona/]ies 7 =tresses1 9 :i* only ! great political gambl]s1 & n ! oppress$ p1 f\nd com=t & help4 ,millions ( once f]tile acres _h be5 ab&on$ or left wa/e4 ,! de/ruction ( libr>ies1 books & records is some?+ awful to contemplate2 & ! times ( ,a%ikaga make a wild]ness = ! scapegoat ( *ronology4 ,kito1 ! sacr$ capital1 _h be5 aga9 & aga9 plund]$ & burnt4 ,^? :o might be tempt$ to live 9 ! city amid ! ru9s1 ran ! risk ( fire1 murd]1 or />vation4 ,kamakura1 once ! ,%-gun's seat ( au?ority1 01 a level wa/e ( a%es4 ,ev5 ,*9a1 ,annam & ,korea suff]$ f ! practical dissolution ( society 9 ! isl& empire2 = ,japanese pirates ravag$ _! coa/s to /eal1 burn & kill4 ,ev5 z = c5turies 9 ,europe1 ,*ri/ian *ur*es e*o$ ) t pray] 9 ! litanies3 ,f ! fury ( ! ,norsem51 good ,"l1 deliv] u1 s1 along l>ge p>ts ( ! des]t$ coa/s ( ,*9ese ,asia1 ! wret*$ inhabitants bes\ght _! gods to av5ge !m aga9/ ! ,woj54 ,to ?is day 9 p>ts ( ,honan 9 ,*9a1 mo!rs fright5 _! *ildr5 & w>n !m to sleep by ! fe>ful words ,! ,japanese are com+4 ,fir/ ,com+ ( ,europeans4 ,?is "t1 !n1 0 t ( d>ke/ ,japan4 ,yet ! p :o liv$ 9 d>kness saw great light1 & to !m t dwelt 9 ! %ad[ ( dea?1 light sprang up4 ,:5 ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 bisect$ ! kn[n _w1 assign+ ! we/]n half1 includ+ ,am]ica to ,spa91 & ! ea/]n half1 includ+ ,asia & its outly+ ar*ipelagos to ! ,portuguese1 ! latt] sail$ & f\ght _! way ar\nd ,africa to ,india1 & pa/ ! gold5 ,*]sonese4 ,9 #aedb1 exactly fifty ye>s aft] ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 ,dai ,nippon 0 rea*$4 ,m5dez ,p9to1 on a ,*9ese pirate junk :i* _h be5 driv5 by a /orm away f h] companions1 set foot ^u an isl& call$ ,tanga%ima4 ,?is "n among ! c\ntry folks is /ill synonym\s ) guns & pi/ols1 = ,p9to introduc$ fire-arms1 & p[d]4#c ,dur+ six mon?s sp5t by ! m5daci\s ,p9to on ! isl&1 ! imitative p made no few] ?an six hundr$ mat*-locks or arquebuses4 ,cle>+ twelve hundr$ p] c5t4 on _! c>go1 ! ?ree ,portuguese load$ ) pres5ts1 return$ to ,*9a4 ,_! c\ntrym5 quickly flock$ to ?is new m>ket1 & soon ! beg9n+s ( regul> trade ) ,portugal 7 inaugurat$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,japanese began to be f\nd z f> we/ z ,india4 ,to ,malacca1 :ile ,francis ,xavi] 0 labor+ !re1 came a refugee ,japanese1 nam$ ,anjiro4 ,! disciple ( ,loyola1 & ?is *ild ( ! ,l& ( ! ,ris+ ,sun met4 ,xavi]1 ev] re/less & ready = a new field1 0 fir$ ) ! idea ( conv]t+ ,japan4 ,anjiro1 aft] le>n+ ,portuguese & becom+ a ,*ri/ian1 0 baptiz$ ) ! "n ( ,paul4 ,! h]oic mission>y ( ! cross & keys !n sail$ ) 8 ,japanese companion1 & 9 #aedi l&$ at ,kago%ima1#d ! capital ( ,satsuma4 ,z !re 0 no c5tral gov]nm5t !n exi/+ 9 ,japan1 ! entrance ( ! =eign]s1 bo? lay & cl]ical1 0 unnotic$4 ,hav+ no skill 9 ! le>n+ ( languages1 & nev] able to ma/] "o =eign tongue completely1 ,xavi] began "w ) ! aid ( an int]pret]4 ,! jeal\sy ( ! daimi1 because 8 rivals _h be5 suppli$ ) fire-arms by ! ,portuguese m]*ants1 & ! plots & w>n+s ( ^? ,buddhi/ prie/s 7:o 7 lat] cru%$ by ! ,satsuma clansm5 z traitors71 compell$ ,xavi] to leave ?is prov9ce4 ,he w5t fir/ to ,hirado1#e next to ,nagat1 & !n to ,bungo1 :]e he 0 well receiv$4 ,prea*+ & tea*+ ?r\gh 8 ,japanese int]pret]1 he =m$ ,*ri/ian congregations1 especially at ,yamagu*i4#f ,?us1 )9 a ye>1 ! great apo/le to ! ,indies _h se5 ! quick spr\t+ ( ! se$ :i* he _h plant$4 ,8 ambition 0 n[ to g to ! imp]ial capital1 ,kito1 & !re advocate ! claims ( ,*ri/1 ( ,m>y & ( ! ,pope4 ,?us f>1 h[ev]1 ,xavi] _h se5 only a few seaports ( comp>atively successful daimis4 ,?\gh he _h he>d ( ! unsettl$ /ate ( ! c\ntry because ( ! long-cont9u$ inte/9e /rife1 he evid5tly expect$ to f9d ! capital a spl5did city4 ,despite ! arm$ b&s ( rov+ robb]s & soldi]s1 he rea*$ ,kito safely1 only to f9d /reets cov]$ ) ru9s1 rubbi% & unburi$ corpses1 & a g5]al situation ( wret*$ness4 ,he 0 unable to obta9 audi5ce ( ei!r ! ,%gun or ! ,mikado4 ,ev5 9 ^? p>ts ( ! city :]e he tri$ to prea*1 he c\ld obta9 no he>]s 9 ?is "t ( w> & confusion4 ,s aft] two weeks he turn$ 8 face aga9 s\?w>d to ,bungo1 :]e he labor$ = a few mon?s2 b 9 less ?an two ye>s f 8 l&+ 9 ,japan1 ?is noble b re/less mission>y left ! c\ntry1 to attempt ! spiritual conque/ ( ,*9a4 ,"o ye> lat]1 ,decemb] #b1 #aeea1 he di$ on ! isl& ( ,%an%an1 or ,sancian1 9 ! ,canton ,riv]1 a few miles we/ ( ,macao4 ,*ri/ianity ,fl\ri%es4 ,nev]!less1 ,xavi]'s inspir+ example 0 l a %9+ /> t attract$ scores ( mission>ies4 ,!re be+ 9 ?is "t ( political an>*y & religi\s p>alysis none to oppose !m1 _! zeal1 )9 five ye>s1 bore surpris+ fruits4 ,!y wrote home t !re 7 sev5 *ur*es 9 ! region ar\nd ,kito1 :ile a score or m ( ,*ri/ian congregations _h be5 ga!r$ 9 ! s\?we/4 ,9 #aeha !re 7 two hundr$ *ur*es & "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& native ,*ri/ians4 ,two daimis _h confess$ _! fai?1 & 9 ! ,mikado's m9i/]1 ,nobunaga 7#aecd-aehb71 ! =eign prie/s f\nd a p[]ful support]4#g ,?is hat] & sc\rge ( ! ,buddhi/ prie/hood op5ly welcom$ & patroniz$ ! ,*ri/ians1 & gave !m eligible sites on :i* to build dwell+s & *ur*es4 ,9 e possible way he employ$ ! new =ce1 :i* he f\nd pliantly political1 z well z intellectually & morally a *oice weapon = humbl+ ! bonzes1 :om he hat$ z s]p5ts4 ,! ,buddhi/ *ur* militant _h become an army ) bann]s & =tresses4 ,nobunaga made x ! aim ( 8 life to de/roy ! milit>y p[] ( ! hi]>*y1 & to humble ! prie/s = all "t4 ,he hop$ at lea/ to extract ! fangs ( :at he believ$ to be a politico-religi\s mon/]1 :i* m5ac$ ! life ( ! nation4 ,un=tunately1 he 0 assass9at$ 9 #aehb4 ,to ?is day ! memory ( ,nobunaga is execrat$ by ! ,buddhi/s4 ,!y h deifi$ ,kato ,kiyomasa & ,iyyas1 ! p]secutors ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,to ,nobunaga !y give ! title ( ,bakadono1 or ,"l ,fool4 ,9 #aehc1 an embassy ( f\r "y noblem5 0 despat*$ by ! ,*ri/ian daimis ( ,kiu%iu1 ! second l>ge/ isl& 9 ! empire1 to ! ,pope to decl>e !mselves spiritual--?\gh z "s ( _! c\ntrym5 suspect$1 political--vassals ( ! ,holy ,see4 ,x 0 9 ! ?ree prov9ces ( ,bungo1 ,omura & ,arima1 t ,*ri/ianity 0 mo/ firmly root$4 ,aft] an abs5ce ( eight ye>s1 9 #aeij1 ! envoys f ! ori5tal to ! occid5tal ends ( ! e>?1 return$ to ,nagasaki1 accompani$ by sev5te5 m ,jesuit fa!rs--an important addition to ! _m ,portuguese religi\s ( t ord] already 9 ,japan4 ,yet1 al?\gh !re 0 to be /ill mu* mission>y activity1 ?\gh pr9t+ presses _h be5 br\ght f ,europe = ! prop] diffusion ( ,*ri/ian lit]ature 9 ! ,romaniz$ colloquial1#h ?\gh !re 7 yet to be built m *ur* edifices & mona/]ies1 & ,*ri/ian s*ools to be e/abli%$1 a sad *ange 0 nigh4 ,mu* se$ :i* 0 yet to gr[ 9 secret _h be5 plant$1--l ! exotic fl[]s :i* ev5 yet blossom & %$ _! p]fume 9 c]ta9 di/ricts ( ,japan1 & :i* ! travell] f ,*ri/5dom in/antly recognizes1 ?\gh ! ,portuguese ,*ri/ian *ur* or mona/]y c5turies ago disappe>$ 9 fire1 or fell to ! e>? & disappe>$4 ,?\gh !re 7 to be yet wond]ful fla%es ( ,*ri/ian success1 & ! mission>ies 7 to travel ov] ,japan ev5 up to ! end ( ! ma9 isl& & accompany ! ,japanese army to ,korea2 yet x may be said t ) ! dea? ( ,nobunaga at ! h&s ( ! traitor ,ak*i1 we see ! high-wat] m>k ( ! flood-tide ( ,japanese ,*ri/ianity4 ,ak*i reign$ ?ree days1 b aft] him 7 to arise a rul] & c5tral gov]nm5t jeal\s & ho/ile4 ,aft] ?is flood 0 to come sl[ly b surely ! ebb-tide1 until x %\ld leave1 outw>dly at lea/1 all ?+s z be=e4 ,! ,jesuit fa!rs1 ) in/ant s5sitiv5ess1 felt ! loss ( _! *ampion & protector1 ,nobunaga4 ,! rebel & assass91 ,ak*i1 ambiti\s to imitate & excel 8 ma/]1 promis$ ! ,*ri/ians to d m = !m ev5 ?an ,nobunaga _h done1 provid$ !y w\ld induce ! daimi ,takayama to jo9 =ces ) 84 ,x is ! record ( _! own fri5dly hi/orian1 & n ( an enemy1 t !y1 l$ by ! ,jesuit fa!r ,organt91 attempt$ ?is p]suasion4 ,to ! honor ( ! ,*ri/ian ,japanese ,takayama1 he refus$4#i ,on ! contr>y1 he m>*$ 8 little army ( a ?\s& m5 to ,kito1 &1 ?\gh oppos$ to a =ce ( eight ?\s&1 held ! capital city until ,hidyo%i1 ! loyal g5]al ( ! ,mikado1 rea*$ ! c\rt city & disp]s$ ! assass9's b&4 ,hidyo%i soon made himself famili> ) ! :ole /ory1 & 8 ke5 eye took 9 ! situation4 ,?is man on horseback1 ma/] ( ! situation & m\ld] ( ! de/9ies ( ,japan1 ,hidyo%i 7#aecf-aeih71 0 aft]w>d kn[n z ! ,taik1 or ,retir$ ,reg5t4 ,! r>ity ( ! title makes x applicable 9 common spee* to ?is "o p]son4 ,great] ?an 8 dead ma/]1 ,nobunaga1 & +5i\s 9 ! arts ( w> & peace1 ,hidyo%i compell$ ! w>r+ daimis1 ev5 ! pr\d "l ( ,satsuma1#aj to yield to 8 p[]1 until ! civil m9i/] ( ! emp]or1 rev]5tly b[+1 c\ld say3 ,all "u ,heav51 ,peace4 ,n[1 ,japan _h once m a c5tral gov]nm5t1 int5sely jeal\s & despotic1 & ) x ! new religion mu/ soon] or lat] reckon4 ,religion ap>t f politics 0 unkn[n 9 ! ,l& ( ! ,gods4 ,yet1 9 ord] to employ ! va/ bodies ( arm$ m5 hi!rto accu/om$ to ! trade ( w>1 & )al jeal\s ( ,*9a & ho/ile to ,korea1 ,hidyo%i plann$ ! invasion ( ! little p59sul> k+dom by ^! vet]ans ^: swords 7 re/less 9 _! scabb>ds4 ,aft] mon?s ( prep>ation1 he despat*$ an army 9 two great divisions1 "o "u ! ,*ri/ian g5]al ,koni%i1 & "o "u ! ,buddhi/ g5]al ,kato4 ,aft] a brilliant campaign ( eighte5 days1 ! rivals1 tak+ diff]5t r\tes1 met 9 ! ,korean capital4 ,9 ! ma/]ly campaign :i* foll[$1 ! ,japanese armies p5etrat$ almo/ to ! extreme nor!rn b\nd>y ( ! k+dom4 ,!n ,*9a came to ! rescue & ! ,japanese 7 driv5 s\?w>d4 ,dur+ ! six or sev5 ye>s ( w>1 :ile ! invad]s cross$ swords ) ! natives & _! ,*9ese allies1 & deva/at$ ,korea to an ext5t f :i* %e has nev] recov]$1 !re 7 ,jesuit mission>ies att5d+ ! ,japanese armies4 ,x is n possible or ev5 probable1 h[ev]1 t any se$s ( ,*ri/ianity 7 at ?is "t left 9 ! p59sula4 ,korean ,*ri/ianity sprang up ne>ly two c5turies lat]1 w9d-waft$ f ,*9a4#aa ,dur+ ! w> !re 0 always m or less ( jeal\sy1 mo/ly milit>y & p]sonal1 betwe5 ,koni%i & ,kato1 :i* h[ev] 0 aggravat$ by ! prie/s on ei!r side4 ,kato1 be+ !n & aft]w>d a fi]ce *ampion ( ! ,buddhi/s1 glorifi$ 9 8 or?odoxy1 :i* 0 t ( ! ,ni*ir5 sect4 ,he w5t into battle ) a bann]et full ( texts1 /uck 9 8 back & fly+ beh9d him4 ,8 example 0 copi$ by hundr$s ( 8 (fic]s & soldi]s4 ,on _! flags & guidons 0 inscrib$ ! fam\s apo/rophe ( ! ,ni*ir5 sect1 s (t5 he>d 9 _! s]vices & revivals to-day 7,namu miy ho r5 g ki71 & borr[$ f ! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika3 ,glory be to ! salvation-br++ ,lotus ( ! ,true ,law4 ,! ,ho/ility ( ,hidyo%i4 ,koni%i1 on ! o!r h&1 0 less num]\sly & p]haps less influ5tially back$ by1 & made ! *ampion (1 ! ,european bre?r52 & z all ! negotiations betwe5 ! invad]s & ! alli$ ,koreans & ,*9ese _h to be conduct$ 9 ! ,*9ese script1 ! ali5 fa!rs 71 z secret>ies & int]pret]s1 less useful ?an ! native ,japanese bonzes4 ,yet ?is jeal\sy & ho/ility 9 ! camps ( ! invad]s prov$ to be only correlative to ! /ate ( ?+s 9 ,japan4 ,ev5 suppos+ ! /ati/ics 9 r\nd numb]s1 report$ at t "t1 to be exagg]at$1 & t !re 7 n z _m z ! alleg$ two hundr$ ?\s& ,*ri/ians1 yet !re 71 besides scores ( ?\s&s ( confess+ believ]s among ! common p1 daimis1 milit>y lead]s1 c\rt (fic]s & _m p]sons ( culture & influ5ce4 ,nev]!less1 ! pr$om9at+ influ5ce at ! ,kito c\rt 0 t ( ,buddhism2 & z ! cult t w9ks at polygamy 0 less oppos$ to ,hidyo%i's s5sualism & amaz+ vanity1 ! illu/ri\s up/>t 0 easily made ho/ile to ! ali5 fai?4 ,accord+ to ! acc\nts ( ! ,jesuits1 he took umbrage because a ,portuguese capta9 w\ld n please him by risk+ 8 %ip 9 com+ out ( deep wat] & ne>] l&1 & because !re 7 ,*ri/ian maid5s ( ,arima :o scorn$ to yield to 8 degrad+ proposals4 ,"s "t aft] ^! episodes1 an edict appe>$1 comm&+ e ,jesuit to quit ! c\ntry )9 tw5ty days4 ,!re 7 at ?is "t sixty-five =eign mission>ies 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!n began a s]ies ( p]secutions1 :i*1 h[ev]1 7 c>ri$ on spasmodically & locally1 b n univ]sally or ) sy/em4 ,bitt] 9 "s places1 !y 7 neutraliz$ or ! law became a dead lett]1 9 o!r p>ts ( ! realm4 ,x is e/imat$ t t5 ?\s& new conv]ts 7 made 9 ! s+le ye>1 #aehi1 t is1 ! second ye> aft] ! issue ( ! edict1 & aga9 9 ! next ye>1 #aeij4 ,x might ev5 be reasonable to suppose t1 _h ! "w be5 conduct$ wisely & )\t ! too op5 defiance ( ! lett] ( ! law1 ! awful sequel :i* hi/ory kn[s1 might n h be54 ,let u rememb] t ! ,duke ( ,alva1 ! tool ( ,philip ,,ii41 fail+ to cru% ! ,dut* ,republic _h conqu]$ ,portugal = 8 ma/]4 ,! two k+doms ( ! ,ib]ian p59sula 7 n[ unit$ "u "o cr[n4 ,spa9 long$ = trade ) ,japan1 & :ile h] m]*ants hop$ to displace _! ,portuguese rivals1 ! ,spani% ,franciscans n scrupl+ to we> a political cloak & ?us ov]ride ! ,pope's bull ( _w-p>tition1 det]m9$ to get a foo?old alongside ( ! ,jesuits4 ,s1 9 #aeic a ,spani% envoy ( ! gov]nor ( ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s came to ,kito1 br++ f\r ,spani% ,franciscan prie/s1 :o 7 all[$ to build h\ses 9 ,kito1 b only on ! express und]/&+ t ?is 0 because ( _! com+ z envoys ( a fri5dly p[]1 & ) ! explicitly specifi$ condition t !y 7 n to prea*1 ei!r publicly or privately4 ,almo/ imm$iately violat+ _! pl$ge & ! hospitality grant$ !m1 ^! ,spani>ds1 we>+ ! ve/m5ts ( _! ord]1 op5ly prea*$ 9 ! /reets4 ,besides excit+ discord among ! ,*ri/ian congregations f\nd$ by ! ,jesuits1 !y 7 viol5t 9 _! language4 ,hidyo%i1 to gratify 8 own mood & te/ 8 p[] z ! actual rul] = a %ad[y emp]or1 seiz$ n9e prea*]s :ile !y 7 build+ *ur*es at ,kito & ,osaka4 ,!y 7 l$ to ! execution-gr\nd 9 exactly ! same fa%ion z felons1 & execut$ by crucifixion1 at ,nagasaki1 ,febru>y #e1 #aeig4 ,?ree ,portuguese ,jesuits1 six ,spani% ,franciscans & sev5te5 native ,*ri/ians 7 /ret*$ on bamboo crosses1 & _! bodies f ?igh to %\ld] 7 transfix$ ) spe>s4 ,!y met _! doom uncompla9+ly4 ,9 ! eye ( ! ,japanese law1 ^! m5 7 put to dea?1 n z ,*ri/ians1 b z law-break]s & z dang]\s political conspirators4 ,! suspicions ( ,hidyo%i 7 fur!r confirm$ by a ,spani% sea-capta91 :o %[$ him a map ( ! _w on :i* 7 m>k$ ! va/ dom9ions ( ! ,k+ ( ,spa92 ! ,spani>d in=m+ ! ,japanese1 9 answ] to 8 %rewd "q1 t ^! great conque/s _h be5 made by ! k+'s soldi]s foll[+ up ! prie/s1 ! "w be+ f9i%$ by ! native & =eign allies4 ,! ,political ,"* ( ,roman ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,hi/oire del' glise ,*rti5ne %[s ! political "* ( ! mission>y movem5t 9 ,japan1 a "* almo/ inextricably associat$ ) ! papal & o!r political ,*ri/ianity ( ! times1 :5 ,/ate & ,*ur* 7 unit$ 9 all ! c\ntries ( ,europe1 bo? ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant4 ,ev5 republican ,holl&1 lead] ( tol]ation & =]unn] ( ! mod]n ,*ri/ian _s1 p]mitt$1 inde$1 ! ,roman ,ca?olics to wor%ip 9 private h\ses or 9 sacr$ edifices n outw>dly resembl+ *ur*es1 b prohibit$ all public processions & c]emonies1 because religion & politics at t "t 7 z ,siamese tw9s4 ,only ! ,anabapti/s held ! primitive ,*ri/ian & ! ,am]ican doctr9e ( ! sep>ation ( politics f ecclesia/icism4 ,except 9 ! c\ntry rul$ by ,william ! ,sil5t1 all magi/rates m$dl$ ) m5's consci5ces4#ab ,9 #aeig1 ,hidyo%i di$1 & ! mission>ies took he>t aga94 ,! ,*ri/ian soldi]s return+ by ?\s&s f ,korea1 decl>$ !mselves 9 favor ( ,hidyori1 son ( ! dead ,taik4 ,enc\rag$ by ^? 9 p[]1 & by ! ris+ /> ,iyyas 7#aedb-afaf71 ! fa!rs r5ew$ _! "w & ! numb] ( conv]ts increas$4 ,?\gh peace reign$1 ! political situation 0 "o ( ! greate/ unc]ta9ty1 & ) two hundr$ ?\s& soldi]s ga!r$ ar\nd ,kito1 "u scores ( ambiti\s lead]s1 x 0 h>d to keep ! sword 9 ! %ea?4 ,soon ! l9e ( cleavage f\nd ,iyyas & 8 nor!rn capta9s on "o side1 & mo/ ( ! ,*ri/ian lead]s & s\!rn daimis on ! o!r4 ,9 ,octob]1 #afjj1 ) sev5ty-five ?\s& m51 ! future unifi] ( ,japan /ood on ! ev]-memorable field ( ,skigah>a4 ,! oppos+ army1 l$ l>gely by ,*ri/ian comm&]s1 left _! =tress to meet ! "o :om !y consid]$ a usurp]1 9 ! op5 field4 ,9 ! battle :i* ensu$1 probably ! mo/ decisive ev] f\ght on ! soil ( ,japan1 t5 ?\s& m5 lo/ _! lives4 ,! lead+ ,*ri/ian g5]als1 beat51 b refus+ out ( pr9ciple because !y 7 ,*ri/ians1 to take _! own lives by h>a-kiri1 knelt will+ly at ! common blood-pit & _h _! heads /rick5 (f by ! execution]4 ,!n began a new era 9 ! hi/ory ( ! empire1 & !n 7 laid by ,iyyas ! f\ndation-l9es ^u :i* ! ,japan be/ kn[n to ,europe has exi/$ = ne>ly ?ree c5turies4 ,! creation ( a c5tral executive gov]nm5t /rong en\gh to rule ! :ole empire1 & hold d[n ev5 ! s\!rn & s\?we/]n daimis1 made x /ill worse = ! conv]ts ( ! ,european tea*]s1 because 9 ! ,l& ( ! ,gods gov]nm5t is ev] int5sely pagan4 ,9 adju/+ ! feudal relations ( 8 vassals 9 ,kiu%iu1 ,iyyas made great *anges1 & ?us ! political /atus ( ! ,*ri/ians 0 pr(\ndly alt]$4 ,! new daimis1 c>ry+ out ! policy ( _! pr$ecessors :o _h be5 taught by ! ,jesuits1 b rev]s+ its direction1 began to p]secute _! ,*ri/ian subjects1 & to compel !m to r5\nce _! fai?4 ,"o ( ! lead+ oppos]s ( ! ,*ri/ians & _! mo/ cruel p]secutor1 0 ,kato1 ! zeal\s ,ni*ir5ite4 ,l ,br&t1 ! fam\s ,iroquois ,indian1 :o1 9 ! ,mohawk ,valley is execrat$ z a blood?ir/y brute1 & on ! ,canadian side is honor$ ) a m>ble /atue & consid]$ n only z ! translator ( ! pray]-book b also z a sa9t2 ev5 also z ,clav]h\se1 :o1 9 ,scotl& is look$ ^u z a murd]\s demon1 b 9 ,engl& z a consci5ti\s & loyal patriot2 s ,kato1 ! vir t] execr&us ( ! ,jesuits1 is wor%ipp$ 9 8 %r9e at ! ,ni*ir5 temple at ,ikgami1 ne> ,tki1#ac & is prais$ by native hi/orians z le>n$1 brave & true4 ,! ,*ri/ians ( ,kiu%iu1 9 a few cases1 actually took up arms aga9/ _! new rul]s & oppressors1 ?\gh x 0 a new ?+ "u ! ,japanese sun = peasantry to oppose n only civil s]vants ( ! law1 b vet]ans 9 armor4 ,iyyas1 n[ hav+ "t to give 8 att5tion :olly to matt]s ( gov]nm5t & to exam9e ! new =ces t _h ent]$ ,japanese life1 foll[$ ,hidyo%i 9 ! suspicion t1 "u ! cov] ( ! we/]n religion1 !re lurk$ political designs4 ,he ?\ght he saw confirmation ( 8 !ories1 because ! =eign]s /ill secretly or op5ly paid c\rt to ,hidyori1 & at ! same "t freely disburs$ gifts & gold z well z com=t to ! p]secut$4 ,resolv+ to cru% ! _s ( indep5d5ce 9 ! conv]ts & to intimidate ! =eign emiss>ies1 ,iyyas ) /eel & blood put d[n e outbreak1 & at la/1 9 #afjf1 issu$ 8 edict#ad prohibit+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,qu>rels ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ,prote/ant influ5ces began to "w aga9/ ! papal emiss>ies4 ,! new =ces f ! triumphant ,dut* republic1 :i* hav+ successfully defi$ ,spa9 = a :ole g5]ation _h rea*$ ,japan ev5 be=e ! ,great ,truce1 7 oppos$ to ! ,spani>ds & to ! influ5ce ( bo? ,jesuits & ,franciscans4 ,holl&]s at ,lisbon1 obta9+ f ! ,spani% ar*ives *>ts & geographical in=mation1 _h boldly sail$ out into ! ,ea/]n seas1 & c>ri$ ! orange :ite & blue flag to ! ends ( ! e>?1 ev5 to ,nippon4 ,betwe5 ,pr9ce ,maurice1 son ( ,william ! ,sil5t1 & ! envoys ( ,iyyas1 !re 0 made a league ( comm]ce z well z ( peace & fri5d%ip4 ,w ,adams1#ae ! ,engli% pilot ( ! ,dut* %ips1 by 8 in=mation giv5 to ,iyyas1 also help$ mu* to de/roy ! ,jesuits influ5ce & to hurt _! cause1 :ile bo? ! ,dut* & ,engli% 7 ev] busy 9 dissem9at+ bo? correct in=mation & polemic exagg]ation1 =g+ lett]s & deliv]+ up to dea? by fire ! padres :5 captur$ at sea4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 x may be said t :ile ,*ri/ian conv]ts & ! prie/s 7 r\ghly h&l$ 9 ! ,s\?1 yet !re 0 consid]able mission>y activity & success 9 ! ,nor?4 ,conv]ts 7 made & ,*ri/ian congregations 7 ga!r$ 9 regions remote f ,kito & ,y$o1 :i* latt] place1 l ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 ! ,we/1 0 be+ made into a l>ge city4 ,ev5 outly+ isl&s1 su* z ,sado1 _h _! *ur*es & congregations4 ,! ,anti-,*ri/ian ,policy ( ! ,tokugawas4 ,! qu>rels betwe5 ! ,franciscans & ,jesuits1#af h[ev]1 7 probably m h>mful to ,*ri/ianity ?an 7 ! :isp]s ( ! ,prote/ant ,engli%m5 or ,holl&]s4 ,9 #afaj1 ! wra? ( ! gov]nm5t 0 especially ar\s$ aga9/ ! bat]51 z ! p call$ ! padres1 by _! op5 & p]si/5t violation ( ,japanese law4 ,9 #afaa1 f ,sado1 to :i* isl& ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ian exiles _h be5 s5t to "w ! m9es1 ,iyyas believ$ he _h obta9$ docum5t>y pro( 9 ! ,japanese language1 ( :at he _h long suspect$--! exi/5ce ( a plot on ! "p ( ! native conv]ts & ! =eign emiss>ies to r$uce ,japan to ! position ( a subject /ate4#ag ,putt+ =? /r5u\s measures to root out utt]ly :at he believ$ to be a pe/il5tial bre$] ( s$ition & w>1 ! ,y$o ,%gun advanc$ /ep by /ep to t great proclamation ( ,janu>y #bg1 #afad1ah 9 :i* ! =eign prie/s 7 br&$ z triple enemies--( ! c\ntry1 ( ! ,kami1 & ( ! ,buddhas4 ,?is proclamation w\nd up ) ! *>ge t ! ,*ri/ian b& _h come to ,japan to *ange ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry1 & to usurp possession ( x4 ,:e!r or n he really _h suffici5t writt5 pro( ( conspiracy aga9/ ! nation's sov]eignty1 x is c]ta9 t 9 ?is /ate pap]1 ,iyyas %rewdly t\*$ ! spr+s ( ,japanese patriotism4 ,n desir+1 h[ev]1 to %$ blood or provoke w>1 he tri$ transportation4 ,?ree hundr$ p]sons1 namely1 tw5ty-two ,franciscans1 ,dom9icans & ,augu/9es1 "o hundr$ & sev5te5 =eign ,jesuits1 & ne>ly two hundr$ native prie/s & cate*i/s1 7 arre/$1 s5t to ,nagasaki1 & !nce %ipp$ l bundles ( combu/ibles to ,macao4 ,yet1 z _m ( ! =eign & native ,*ri/ian tea*]s hid !mselves 9 ! c\ntry & z o!rs :o _h be5 bani%$ return$ secretly & cont9u$ ! "w ( propag&a1 ! crisis _h n yet come4 ,"s ( ! ,jesuit prie/s1 ev51 7 /ill hop+ t ,hidyori w\ld m\nt to p[]2 b 9 #afae1 ,iyyas1 f9d+ a pretext = w>1#ai call$ out a p[]ful army & laid siege to ! great ca/le ( ,osaka1 ! mo/ impos+ =tress 9 ! c\ntry4 ,9 ! brief w> :i* ensu$1 x is said by ! ,jesuit fa!rs1 t "o hundr$ ?\s& m5 p]i%$4 ,on ,june #i1 #afae1 ! ca/le 0 captur$ & ! citadel burn$4 ,aft] ?\s&s ( ,hidyori's foll[]s _h committ$ h>a-kiri1 & 8 own body _h be5 burn$ into a%es1 ! ,*ri/ian cause 0 irretrievably ru9$4 ,hidtada1 ! successor ( ,iyyas 9 ,y$o1 :o rul$ f #afje to #afbb1 see+ t 8 fa!r's peaceful me?ods _h fail$ 9 extirpat+ ! ali5 politico-religi\s doctr9e1 n[ pron\nc$ s5t5ce ( dea? on e =eign]1 prie/1 or cate*i/ f\nd 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! /ory ( ! p]secutions & horrible suff]+s t ensu$ is told 9 ! volum9\s lit]ature :i* may be ga!r$ f e c\ntry 9 ,europe2#bj ?\gh f ! ,japanese side ,! ,ca?olic m>tyrology ( ,japan is /ill an unt\*$ field = a native hi/orian4#ba ,all ! *ur* edifices :i* ! la/ /orm _h left /&+ 7 demoli%$1 & temples & pagodas 7 erect$ ^u _! ru9s4 ,9 #afag1 =eign comm]ce 0 re/rict$ to ,hirado & ,nagasaki4 ,9 #afba1 ,japanese 7 =bidd5 ev] to leave ! c\ntry4 ,9 #afbd1 all %ips hav+ a capacity ( ov] tw5ty-five hundr$ bu%els 7 burn$1 & no craft1 except ^? ( ! size ( ord9>y junks1 7 all[$ to be built4 ,! ,books ( ! ,inf]no ,op5$4 ,= ye>s1 at int]vals & 9 places1 ! books ( ! ,inf]no 7 op5$1 & ! tortures devis$ by ! native pagans & ,buddhi/s equall$ 9 _! horror ^? :i* ,dante imag9es1 until f9ally1 9 #afcf1 ev5 ,japanese human nature1 accu/om$ = ages to subord9ation & submission1 c\ld /& x no long]4 ,!n a man nam$ ,nirado ,%iro rais$ ! bann] ( ! ,virg9 & call$ on all ,*ri/ians & o!rs to foll[ him4 ,probably z _m z ?irty ?\s& m51 wom5 & *ildr51 b )\t a s+le =eign]1 lay or cl]ical1 among !m1 ga!r$ f p>ts ( ,kiu%iu4 ,aft] burn+ ,%9t & ,buddhi/ temples1 !y =tifi$ an old ab&on$ ca/le at ,%imab>a1 resolv+ to die r ?an submit4 ,aga9/ an army ( vet]ans1 l$ by skill$ comm&]s1 ! =tress held out dur+ f\r mon?s4 ,at la/1 aft] a bloody assault1 x 0 tak51 & m51 wom5 & *ildr5 7 slaught]$4#bb ,?\s&s suff]$ dea? at ! po9t ( ! spe> & sword2 _m 7 ?r[n into ! sea2 & o!rs 7 ca/ into boil+ hot spr+s1 emblems ( ! eight ,buddhi/ ,hells4 ,all ef=ts 7 n[ put =? to uproot n only ,*ri/ianity b also ev]y?+ ( =eign plant+4 ,! ,portuguese 7 bani%$ & ! dea? p5alty decl>$ aga9/ all :o %\ld return1 ,! ai no ko1 or half-bre$ *ildr51 7 collect$ & %ipp$ by hundr$s to ,macao4 ,all p]sons adopt+ or h>bor+ ,eurasians 7 to be bani%$1 & _! relatives puni%$4 ,! ,*ri/ian cause n[ became l ! doom$ city ( ,babylon or l ! site ( ,n9eveh1 :i*1 buri$ 9 ! s& & cov]$ ) ! desolation & sil5ce ( c5turies1 became lo/ to ! memory ( ! _w1 s t ev5 ! v record ( scripture 0 ! je/ ( ! infidel1 until ! spade ( ,lay>d br\ght !m aga9 to resurrection4 ,s1 ,japanese ,*ri/ianity1 hav+ vani%$ 9 blood1 0 suppos$ to h no exi/5ce1 ?us furni%+ ,mr4 ,lecky ) argum5ts to prove ! extirpative p[] ( p]secution4#bc ,yet 9 #ahei1 on ! op5+ ( ! c\ntry by treaty1 ! ,roman ,ca?olic fa!rs at ,nagasaki f\nd to _! surprise t !y 7 re-op5+ ! old m9es1 & t _! "w 0 9 hi/oric cont9uity ) t ( _! pr$ecessors4 ,! blood ( ! m>tyrs _h be5 ! se$ ( ! *ur*4 ,amid mu* ignorance & d>kness1 !re 7 ?\s&s ( p :o1 ?r\gh ! ,virg91 wor%ipp$ ,god2 :o talk$ ( ,jesus1 & ( ! ,holy ,_s2 & :o refus$ to wor%ip at ! pagan %r9es#bd4 ,summ>y ( ,roman ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan4 ,let u n[ /rive imp>tially to appraise ! ,*ri/ianity ( ?is era1 & inquire :at x f\nd1 :at x attempt$ to d1 :at x did n /rive to atta91 :at 0 ! "* ( its propagators1 :at 0 ! m>k x made ^u ! c\ntry & ^u ! m9d ( ! p1 & :e!r x left any p]man5t influ5ce4 ,! gospel net :i* _h ga!r$ all sorts ( fi% 9 ,europe br\ght a v>i$ quality ( spoil to ,japan4 ,among ! ,portuguese mission>ies1 beg9n+ ) ,xavi]1 !re are _m noble & beautiful *>act]s1 :o exemplifi$ 9 _! motives1 acts1 lives & suff]+s "s ( ! noble/ traits ( bo? natural & r$eem$ humanity4 ,9 _! praise1 bo? ! pagan & ! ,*ri/ian1 z well z critics bias$ by _! prepossessions 9 favor ei!r ( ! ,re=m$ or ! ,roman phase ( ! fai?1 c unite4 ,! "* ( ! native conv]ts is1 9 _m in/ances1 to be comm5d$1 & %[s ! direct tru? ( ,*ri/ianity 9 fields ( life & endeavor1 9 e?ics & 9 conceptions1 f> sup]ior to ^? :i* ! ,japanese religi\s sy/ems h produc$4 ,9 ! tea*+ t !re %\ld be b "o /&>d ( morality = man & woman1 & t ! male z well z ! female %\ld be pure2 9 ! condemnation ( polygamy & lic5ti\sness2 9 ! br&+ ( suicide z bo? wick$ & c[>dly2 9 ! condemnation ( slav]y2 & 9 ! tra9+ ( m5 & wom5 to l(ty ideals ( "*1 ! ,*ri/ian tea*]s f> excell$ _! ,buddhi/ or ,confucian rivals4 ,! b5efits :i* ,japan receiv$ ?r\gh ! com+ ( ! ,*ri/ian mission>ies1 z di/9ct & sep>ate f ^? br\ght by comm]ce & ! m]*ants1 are n to be ignor$4 ,:ile _m ?+s ( value & influ5ce = mat]ial improvem5t1 & _m b5efic5t details & elem5ts ( civilization 7 und\bt$ly import$ by trad]s1 yet x 0 ! prie/s & it9]ant mission>ies :o diffus$ ! k ( ! importance ( ^! ?+s & taught _! use ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,al?\gh 9 ! reaction ( hatr$ & bitt]ness1 & 9 ! m9ute1 univ]sal & long-cont9u$ suppression by ! gov]nm5t1 mo/ ( ?is advantage 0 de/roy$1 yet "s ?+s rema9$ to influ5ce ?\ght & spee*1 & to leave a m>k n only on ! language1 b also on ! proc$ure ( daily life4 ,"o c trace notable modifications ( ,japanese life f ?is p]iod1 la/+ ?r\gh ! c5turies & ev5 until ! pres5t "t4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 came to ,japan only 9 its papal or ,roman ,ca?olic =m4 ,:ile 9 x 0 infus$ mu* ( ! p[] & _s ( ,loyola & ,xavi]1 yet ! imp>tial critic mu/ confess t ?is =m 0 milit>y1 oppressive & political4#be ,nev]!less1 ?\gh x 0 impure & saturat$ ) ! false pr9ciples1 ! vices & ! embodi$ sup]/itions ( corrupt s\!rn ,europe1 yet1 su* z x 01 ,portuguese ,*ri/ianity confront$ ! wor/ condition ( affairs1 morally1 intellectually & mat]ially1 :i* ,japan has kn[n 9 hi/oric times4 ,defective z ! critic mu/ pron\nce ! sy/em ( religion import$ f ,europe1 x 0 immeasurably sup]ior to any?+ t ! ,japanese _h hi!rto kn[n4 ,x mu/ be said1 also1 t ,portuguese ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan tri$ to d some?+ m ?an ! m]e obta9+ ( adh]5ts or ! nom9al conv]sion ( ! p4#bf ,x attempt$ to purify & exalt _! life1 to make society bett]1 to improve ! relations betwe5 rul]s & rul$2 b x did n attempt to d :at x ought to h done4 ,x ignor$ great duties & problems1 :ile x imitat$ too fully1 n only ! example ( ! k+s ( ?is _w 9 ,europe b also ( ! rul]s 9 ,japan4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( soldi]-l ,buddhi/ prie/s1 :o _h made w> _! call+1 x w\ld h be5 bett] if ! ,*ri/ian mission>ies _h avoid$ _! bad example1 & foll[$ only 9 ! foot/eps ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace2 b !y did n4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y br\ght ) !m ! _s ( ! ,inquisition !n 9 full bla/ 9 ,spa9 & ,portugal1 & ! ma*9]y ) :i* !y _h be5 famili> = ! reclamation ( native & ,dut* h]etics4 ,xavi]1 :ile at ,goa1 _h ev5 invok$ ! secul> arm to set up ! ,inquisition 9 ,india1 & d\btless he & 8 foll[]s w\ld h put up ?is inf]nal eng9]y 9 ,japan if !y c\ld h done s4 ,!y _h /amp$ & cru%$ out h]esy 9 _! own c\ntry1 by a sy/em ( helli% tortures :i* 9 its horrible details is almo/ indescribable4 ,! ru/y relics n[ 9 ! museums ( ,europe1 b once us$ 9 *ur* discipl9e1 c be fully appreciat$ only by a physician or an anatomi/4 ,9 ,japan1 ) ! _s ( ,alva & ,philip ,,ii41 ^! believ]s 9 ! righte\sness ( ! ,inquisition attack$ viol5tly ! "* ( native bonzes1 & incit$ _! conv]ts to insult ! gods1 de/roy ! ,buddhi/ images1 & burn or desecrate ! old %r9es4 ,!y p]suad$ ! daimis1 :5 ^! lords _h become ,*ri/ians1 to compel _! subjects to embrace _! religion on pa9 ( exile or bani%m5t4 ,:ole di/ricts 7 ord]$ to become ,*ri/ian4 ,! bonzes 7 exil$ or kill$1 & fire & sword z well z prea*+1 7 employ$ z means ( conv]sion4 ,9 ready imitation ( ! ,buddhi/s1 fictiti\s miracles 7 frequ5tly got up to utilize ! cr$ulity ( ! sup]/iti\s 9 fur!r+ ! fai?--all ( :i* is relat$ n by ho/ile critics1 b by admir+ hi/orians & by sympa?iz+ eye-witnesses4#bg ,! mo/ prom95t feature ( ! ,roman ,ca?olicism ( ,japan1 0 its political animus & complexion4 ,9 writ+s ( ?is era1 ,japanese hi/orians treat ( ! ,*ri/ian mission>y movem5t less z some?+ religi\s1 & m z t :i* influ5c$ gov]nm5t & polities1 r ?an society on its moral side4 ,s also1 ! imp>tial hi/orian mu/ consid] t1 on ! :ole1 despite ! individual in/ances ( holy lives & unselfi% purposes1 ! "w ( ! ,portuguese & ,spani% fri>s & fa!rs 01 9 ! ma91 an attempt to br+ ,japan m or less directly )9 ! p[] ( ! ,pope or ( ^? rul]s call$ ,mo/ ,ca?olic ,maje/ies1 ,*ri/ian ,k+s1 etc41 ev5 z !y _h already br\ght ,mexico1 ,s\? ,am]ica1 & l>ge portions ( ,india "u ! same control4 ,! words ( ,jesus be=e ! ,roman procurator _h n be5 appreh5d$3--,my k+dom is n ( ?is _w4 ,,*apt] ,,xii - ,,two ,,c5turies ,,( ,,sil5ce ,! frog 9 ! well kn[s n ! great ocean --,sanskrit & ,japanese ,prov]b4 ,:5 ! bl9d lead ! bl9d1 bo? fall into ! dit*4 --,japanese ,prov]b4 ,! little isl& ( ,d%ima1 well & prophetically signify+ ,=e-,isl&1 0 ,japan's w9d[1 ?r\gh :i* %e look$ at ! :ole ,occid5t 444 ,we are "u obligation to ,holl& = ! arts ( eng9e]+1 m9+1 ph>macy1 a/ronomy1 & m$ic9e 444 ',rangaku' 7i4e41 ,dut* le>n+7 pass$ almo/ z a synonym = m$ic9e1 #afae-ahfh4--;,inazo ,nitob4 ,! great peace1 ( :i* we are s pr\d1 0 m l ! /illness ( /agnant pools ?an ! calm surface ( a cle> lake4--,mitsukuri4 ,! ance/ral policy ( self-cont5tm5t mu/ be done away )4 ,if x 0 adopt$ by y\r =efa!rs1 because x 0 wise 9 _! "t1 :y n adopt a new policy if x 9 sure to prove wise 9 y\r "t4--,sakuma ,%ozan1 wrote 9 #ahda1 assass9at$ #ahfd4 ,& sl[ly float+ onw>d g ,^? ,black ,%ips1 wave-toss$ to & fro4 --,japanese ,ballad ( ! ,black ,%ip1 #ahde4 ,! next day 0 ,sunday 7,july #aj?71 &1 z usual1 div9e s]vice 0 held on bo>d ! %ips1 &1 9 accordance ) prop] rev]5ce = ! day1 no communication 0 held ) ! ,japanese au?orities4 --,p]ry's ,n>rative4 ,praise ,god1 f :om all bless+s fl[1 ,praise ,him1 all creatures "h bel[1 ,praise ,him above1 ye heav5ly ho/1 ,praise ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/4 --,sung on ,u4,s4,s4,s4 ,mississippi1 9 ,y$o ,bay1 ,july #aj1 #ahec4 ,i refuse to see anyone on ,sunday1 ,i am resolv$ to set an example ( a prop] obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? 444 ,i w try to make x :at ,i believe x 0 int5d$ to be--a day ( re/4--,t[ns5d ,h>ris's ,di>y1 ,sunday1 ,augu/ #ca1 #ahef4 ,i h call$ !e by ?y "n4 ,i h surnam$ !e1 ?\gh ?\ ha/ n kn[n me4 ,i am ! ,,"l1 & !re is none else2 besides me !re is no ,god4--,isaiah4 ,i saw und]nea? ! alt> ! s\ls ( !m t _h be5 sla9 = ! ^w ( ,god1 & = ! te/imony :i* !y held4--,john4 ,t !y %\ld seek ,god1 ,if haply !y might feel aft] him1 ?\gh he is n f> f ea* "o ( u4--,paul4 ,o!r %eep h ,i :i* are n ( ?is fold3 !m also ,i mu/ br+1 & !y %all he> my voice2 & !y %all become "o flock1 "o %eph]d--,jesus4 ,,*apt] ,,xii - ,,two ,,c5turies ,,( ,,sil5ce ,! ,japanese ,%ut ,94 ,s9c]ely regrett+ t we _c pass m favorable judgm5ts ^u ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 9 ,japan1 let u look into ! two c5turies ( sil5ce1 & see :at 0 ! /ory betwe5 ! pal+ ( ! ,*ri/ian record 9 #afcg1 & ! gl[+ ( ! palimpse/ 9 #ahei1 :5 ! new era beg9s4 ,! policy ( ! ,japanese rul]s1 aft] ! suppos$ utt] extirpation ( ,*ri/ianity1 0 ! d\ble "o ( exclusion & inclusion4 ,a delib]ate attempt1 long p]si/$ 9 & = c5turies app>5tly successful1 0 made to insulate ,japan f ! %ock ( *ange4 ,! purpose 0 to draw a :ole nation & p away f ! curr5ts & movem5ts ( humanity1 & to /]eotype national ?\ght & cu/om4 ,?is 0 c>ri$ out 9 two ways3 fir/1 by exclusion1 & !n by inclusion4 ,all =eign influ5ces 7 %ut (f1 or r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,! :ole we/]n _w1 especially ,*ri/5dom1 0 put "u ban4 ,ev5 ! app>5t exception made 9 favor ( ! ,dut* 0 ) ! motive ( mak+ isolation m complete1 & ( secur+ ! p]fect safety :i* t isolation 0 expect$ to br+4 ,=1 hav+ built1 n inde$ ) brick & mort>1 b by means ( edict & law1 bo? op5 & secret1 a great wall ( exclusion m p[]ful ?an t ( ,*9a's1 x 0 necess>y t !re %\ld be a port-hole1 = bo? sally & exit1 & a slit = vigilant scrut9y ( any attempt to =ce seclusion or violate ! fronti]4 ,h5ce1 ! ,holl&]s 7 all[$ to h a small place ( resid5ce 9 front ( a l>ge city & at ! head ( a l&-lock$ h>bor4 ,!re1 ! =eign]s be+ isolat$ & "u /rict gu>d1 ! gov]nm5t c\ld h1 z x 71 a n]ve :i* t\*$ ! di/ant nations1 & c\ld also1 z ) a telescope1 sweep ! horizon = signs ( dang]4 ,s1 9 #afdj1 ! ,holl&]s 7 ord]$ to evacuate ,hirado1 & occupy ! little out] isl& call$ ,d%ima1 9 front ( ! city ( ,nagasaki1 & connect$ !re) by a bridge4 ,any %ips ent]+ ?is hill-girdl$ h>bor1 x 0 believ$1 c\ld be easily manag$ by ! milit>y res\rces possess$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,vessels 7 all[$ ye>ly to br+ ! news f abroad & ex*ange ! products ( ,japan = ^? ( ,europe4 ,! ,engli%1 :o _h 9 #afag op5$ a trade & conduct$ a factory = "s ye>s1#a 7 unable to compete ) ! ,dut*1 & ab\t #afbd1 aft] hav+ lo/ 9 ! v5ture =ty ?\s& p\nds /]l+1 )drew entirely f ! ,japanese trade4 ,! ,dut* 7 ?us left )\t a rival f ,*ri/5dom4 ,japan ceas$ h] =m] trade & communications ) ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 ,annam1 ,siam1 ! ,spice ,isl&s & ,india1#b & begun to re/rict trade & communication ) ,korea & ,*9a4 ,! ,koreans1 :o 7 consid]$ z vassals1 or semi-vassals1 came to ,japan to pres5t _! congratulations on ! accession ( ea* new ,%gun2 & "s small trade 0 done at ,fusan "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! daimi ( ,tsu%ima4 ,ev5 ?is relation ) ,korea 0 r "o ( wat*fulness4 ,x sprang f ! pride ( a victor r ?an f any desire to ma9ta9 relations ) ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,z = ,*9a1 ! communication ) h] 0 a/oni%+ly little1 only a few junks cross+ ye>ly betwe5 ,nank9 & ,nagasaki2 s t1 ) ! exception ( "o slit 9 _! t[] ( obs]vation1 ! ,japanese became well isolat$ f ! human family4 ,?is sy/em ( exclusion 0 accompani$ by an equally vigor\s policy ( inclusiv5ess4 ,x 0 delib]ately det]m9$ to keep ! p f go+ abroad1 ei!r 9 _! bodies or m9ds4 ,all seawor?y %ips 7 de/roy$4 ,"u pa9 ( imprisonm5t & dea?1 all natives 7 =bidd5 to g to a =eign c\ntry1 except 9 ! r>e cases ( urg5t gov]nm5t s]vice4 ,by settl$ prec$5ts x 0 soon made to be und]/ood t ^? :o 7 bl[n out to sea or c>ri$ away 9 /ress ( wea!r1 ne$ n come back2 if !y did1 !y mu/ return only on ,*9ese & ,korean vessels1 & ev5 !n w\ld be grudg+ly all[$ to l&4 ,x 0 giv5 out1 bo? at home & to ! _w1 t no %ipwreck$ sailors or waifs w\ld be welcom$ :5 br\ght on =eign vessels4 ,?is inclusive policy direct$ aga9/ physical exportation1 0 /ill m /r+5tly c>ri$ out :5 appli$ to imports affect+ ! m9ds ( ! ,japanese4 ,! gov]nm5t delib]ately attempt$ to e/abli% a society imp]vi\s to =eign ideas f )\t1 & fo/]$ )9 by all sorts ( artificial legislation4 ,?is isolation affect$ e dep>tm5t ( private & public life4 ,me?ods ( education 7 ca/ 9 a def9ite m\ld2 ev5 matt]s ( dress & h\sehold ar*itecture 7 /rictly regulat$ by ! ,/ate1 & indu/ries 7 re/rict$ or =c$ into specifi$ *annels1 ?us ret>d+ economic developm5ts4#c ,/>v+ ( ! ,m9d4 ,9 ! sci5ce ( keep+ life )9 /unt$ limits & artificial b\nd>ies1 ! ,japanese g5ius excels4 ,x has be5 well said t ! ,japanese m9d is great 9 little ?+s & little 9 great ?+s4 ,to cut ! tap-root ( a p9e-%oot1 &1 by regulat+ ! all[ance ( e>? & wat]1 to raise a p9e-tree :i* :5 fifty ye>s old %all be no high] ?an a silv] doll>1 has be5 ! pr\d ambition ( _m an arti/ 9 botany4 ,9 l mann]1 ! ,tokugawa ,%guns 7#afjd-ahfh7 det]m9$ to s limit ! supply ( m5tal food1 t ! m9d ( ,japan %\ld be ( ^? correctly dw>f$ proportions ( pun9ess1 s admir$ by lov]s ( artificiality & unconsci\s c>icature4 ,philosophy 0 select$ z a *ief tool among ! eng9es ( oppression1 & z ! ma9 influ5ce 9 /unt+ ! intellect4 ,all ?\ght mu/ be or?odox accord+ to ! /&>ds ( ,confucianism1 z exp\nd$ by ,*u ,hi4 ,any?+ l orig9ality 9 poetry1 le>n+ or philosophy mu/ be hoot$ d[n4 ,art mu/ foll[ ,*9ese1 ,buddhi/ & ,japanese traditions4 ,any violation ( ?is ord] w\ld mean o/racism4 ,all le>n+ mu/ be 9 ! ,*9ese & ,japanese languages--! =m] mis-pron\nc$ & 9 s\nd be>+ z mu* resemblance to ,pek+ise spee* z ,p5nsylvania ,dut* does to ! language ( ,b]l94 ,ev]y?+ l ?9k+ & /udy mu/ be ) a view ( su/a9+ & ma9ta9+ ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s4 ,! tree ( education1 in/ead ( be+ a l(ty or wide-spread+ cryptom]ia1 mu/ be ! measur$ nursl+ ( ! teacup4 ,if t trio ( emblems1 s admir$ by ! natives1 ! bamboo1 p9e & plum1 c\ld produce glossy leaves1 ev]-gre5 ne$les & fragrant blooms )9 a space ( f\r cubic in*es1 s ! law1 ! lit]ature & ! art ( ,japan mu/ display _! normal limit ( fre% fragrance1 ( y\?ful vigor & ( v5]able age1 endur+ = aye1 )9 ! vessel ( ,japanese inclusion s c>efully limit$ by ! ,y$o au?orities4 ,su* a policy1 rem9ds "o ( ! ,amh]/ agricultural exp]im5t 9 :i* b&s ( iron 7 /rapp$ ar\nd a mu*-afflict$ squa%1 9 ord] to te/ vital pot5cy4 ,x recalls ! pretty little /ory ( ,picciola1 9 :i* a t5d] plant mu/ gr[ betwe5 ! int]/ices ( ! bricks 9 a prison y>d4 ,besides ! pot5t bonds ( ! only or?odox ,confucian philosophy :i* 0 all[$ & ! legally recogniz$ religions1 !re 0 gradually =m$ a m>vell\s sy/em ( legislation1 t turn$ ! :ole nation into a secret society 9 :i* spies & hypocrites fl\ri%$ l fungus on a dead log4 ,besides ! unwritt5 code ( private law1#d t is1 ! local & g5]al cu/oms f\nd$ on immemorial usage1 !re 0 t peculi> legal sy/em fram$ by ,iyyas1 bequea!d z a legacy & = ov] two hundr$ ye>s practically ! supreme law ( ! l&4 ,:at ?is law 01 x 0 exce$+ly difficult1 if n utt]ly impossible1 = ! ali5s dwell+ 9 ! c\ntry at ,nagasaki ev] to f9d out4 ,ke5ly intellectual1 z _m ( ! physicians1 sup]9t5d5ts & elect memb]s ( ! ,dut* trad+ company 71 !y seem nev] to h be5 able to get hold ( :at has be5 call$ ,! ,te/am5t ( ,iyyas4#e ,?is consi/$ ( "o hundr$ laws or regulations1 bas$ on a home-spun sort ( ,confucianism1 int5d$ to be or?odoxy unbrok5 = ages et]nal4 ,to a man ( we/]n mode ( ?9k+1 ! mo/ a/oni%+ ?+ is t ?is law 0 esot]ic4#f ,! p knew ( x only by its irresi/ible =ce1 & by ! con/ant pressure or ! r>e eas+ ( its iron h&4 ,^? :o execut$ ! law 7 drill$ 9 its r\t9e f *ildhood1 & ?is r\t9e became second nature4 ,only a few copies ( ! orig9al in/rum5t 7 kn[n1 & ^! 7 kept ) a secrecy :i* to ! p became a sacr$ my/]y gu>d$ by a long av5ue ( awe4 ,! ,dut*m5 at ,d%ima4 ,! ,dut*m5 :o liv$ at ,d%ima = two c5turies & a half1 & ! =eign]s :o fir/ l&$ at ! treaty ports 9 #ahei1 on inquir+ ab\t ! me?ods ( ! ,japanese ,gov]nm5t1 ! laws & _! adm9i/ration1 f\nd t ev]y?+ 0 veil$ beh9d a vague embodim5t ( some?+ :i* 0 call$ ! ,law4 ,:at t law 01 by :om enact$1 & "u :at sanctions en=c$1 no "o c\ld tell2 ?\gh all seem$ to /& 9 awe ( x z some?+ ( sup]human effici5cy4 ,its my/]i\sness 0 only equall$ by ! abject submission :i* x receiv$4 ,=eign diplomati/s1 on try+ to deal ) ! seat & s\rce ( au?ority1 in/ead ( see+ ! real head ( p[]1 play$1 z x 71 a game ( *ess aga9/ a my/]i\s h& /ret*$ out f beh9d a curta94 ,morally1 ! :ole t5d5cy ( su* a dual sy/em ( exclusion & ( inclusion 0 to make a nation ( li>s1 fo/] confirm$ habits ( deceit1 & create a code ( polit5ess vitiat$ by ins9c]ity4 ,) su* repression ( ! natural p[]s ( humanity1 x 0 b 9 accordance ) ! nature ( ?+s t lic5ti\sness %\ld run riot1 t on ! fr+es ( society !re %\ld be ! outca/ & ! p>iah1 & t ! social wa/e ( humanity by pro/itution1 by murd]1 by crim9al execution "u a code t prescrib$ ! dea? p5alty = hundr$s ( (f5ces1 %\ld be enorm\s4 ,x is natural also t 9 su* a /ate ( society population#g %\ld be kept d[n )9 necess>y limits1 n only by fam9e1 by ! re/ra9ts ( feudalism1 by legaliz$ murd] 9 ! =m ( v5detta1 by a sy/em ( pro/itution t made & /ill makes ,japan infam\s1 by *ild murd]1 by lack ( enc\ragem5t giv5 to feeble or mal=m$ *ildr5 to live1 & by v>i\s devices kn[n to ^? :o 7 +5i\s 9 keep+ up s artificial a /ate ( society4 ,t !re 7 _m :o tri$ to break ?r\gh ?is wall1 f bo? ! inside & ! outside1 & to =ce ! fronti]s ( exclusion & inclusion1 is n to be wond]$ at4 ,ext]nally1 !re 7 bold spirits f ,*ri/5dom :o burn$ to "k ! secrets ( ! my/]i\s l&4 ,"s ev5 ye>n$ to we> ! ruby cr[n4 ,! wond]ful /ory ( pa/ ,*ri/ian triumphs deeply /irr$ ! he>t ( m ?an "o fi]y _s1 & s we f9d v>i\s attempts made by ! cl]ical bre?r5 ( s\!rn ,europe to ent] ! c\ntry4 ,b\nd by _! promises1 ! ,dut* capta9s c\ld n introduce ^! emiss>ies ( a bann$ religion )9 ! bord]s2 yet !re are sev]al notable in/ances ( ,roman ,ca?olic religi\s#h gett+ !mselves left by %ipma/]s on ! %ores ( ,japan4 ,! lion's d5 ( reality 0 ,y$o4 ,l ! lion's d5 ( fable1 ! footpr9ts all l$ "o way1 & :]e ^! l$ ! bones ( ! victims soon lay4 ,besides ^! m5 ) religi\s motives1 ! %ips ( ! ,we/ came ) (f]s ( trade & ?reats ( invasion4 ,^! 7 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,russian & ,am]ican1 & ! /ory ( ! frequ5t episodes has be5 told by ,hildre?1 ,a/on1#i ,nitob1 & o!rs4 ,!re is also a consid]able body ( native lit]ature :i* gives ! inside view ( ^! ef=ts to =ce ! seclusion ( ! h]mit nation1 & coax or compel ! ,japanese to be m sociable & m human4 ,all 7 9 va9 until ! peaceful armada1 "u ! flag ( ?irty-"o />s1 l$ by ,mat!w ,calbrai? ,p]ry1#aj broke ! long seclusion ( ?is ,?orn-rose ( ! ,pacific1 & ! un>m$ diplomacy ( ,t[ns5d ,h>ris1#aa br\ght ,japan into ! bro!rhood ( comm]cial & ,*ri/ian nations4 ,)9 ! isolat+ walls & ! b>r$ gates ! /ory ( ! seek]s aft] ,god is a ?rill+ "o4 ,! intellect ( *oice spirits1 beat+ l cag$ eagles ! b>s ( _! prisons1 ye>n$ = m light & life4 ,?\gh an eagle be />v+1 says ! ,japanese prov]b1 x w n eat gra92 & s1 :ile ! mass ( ! p & ev5 ! erudite1 7 cont5t ) gr\nd food--ev5 ! *opp$ /raw & husks ( mat]iali/ic ,confucianism & decay$ ,buddhism--!re 7 noble s\ls :o so>$ upw>d to ex]cise _! ,god-giv5 p[]s1 & to seek n\ri%m5t fitt$ = t human _s :i* goe? upw>d & n d[nw>d1 & :i*1 ev] 9 re/less discont5t1 seeks ! ,inf9ite4 ,prote/s ( ,inquir+ ,spirits4 ,!re is no /rong] pro( ( ! true humanity & ! innate god-lik5ess ( ! ,japanese1 ( _! wor?9ess to hold & _! inh]5t p[] to w9 a high place among ! nations ( ! e>?1 ?an ?is long+ ( a few elect ones = ! be/ t e>? c\ld give & ,heav5 be/[4 ,we f9d m5 9 travail ( _s1 grop+ aft] ,god if haply !y might f9d ,him1 foll[+ ! ways ( ! ,_s along l9es diff]5t1 & 9 pa?ways remote1 f ^? laid d[n by ,confucius & 8 mat]iali/ic comm5tators1 or by ,buddha & 8 p>odi/s or c>icaturi/s4 ,! /ory ( ! philosoph]s1 :o mut9i$ aga9/ ! iron clamps & gov]nm5tally n\ri%$ sy/em ( ! ,sido ,college exp\nd]s1 is yet to be fully told4#ab ,x behooves "s ,japanese s*ol> to tell x4 ,h[ e>ne/ tru?-seek+ ,japanese prote/$ & rebell$ aga9/ ! economic fallacies1 aga9/ ! political despotism1 aga9/ ! abom9able usurpations1 aga9/ ! false /rategies & aga9/ ! inh]5t immoralities ( ! ,tokugawa sy/em1 has ( late ye>s be5 set =? ) tantaliz+ sugge/iv5ess1 b only 9 fragm5ts1 by ! native hi/orians4 ,he>tr5d+ is ! n>rative ( ^! m5 :o /udi$1 :o taught1 :o exam9$1 :o sift$ ! m\nta9s ( *aff 9 ! native lit]ature & writ+s1 :o made long j\rneys on foot all ov] ! c\ntry1 :o furtively travell$ 9 ,korea & ,*9a1 :o bo>d$ ,dut* & ,russian vessels1 :o secretly read =bidd5 books1 :o tri$ to improve _! c\ntry & _! p4 ,^! m5 saw t _! c\ntry 0 fall+ beh9d n only ! nations ( ! ,we/1 b1 z x seem$ to !m1 ev5 ! nations ( ! ,ea/4 ,!y felt t radical *anges 7 necess>y 9 ord] to re=m ! awful pov]ty1 disease1 lic5ti\sness1 national weakness1 decay ( bodily p[]s1 & ! creep+ p>alysis ( ! ,samurai intellect & _s4 ,h[ !y 7 o/raciz$1 p]secut$1 put "u ban1 h\nd$ by ! spies1 ?r[n into prison2 h[ !y di$ ( />vation or ( disease2 h[ !y 7 behead$1 crucifi$1 or compell$ to commit h>a-kiri2 h[ _! books 7 purg$ by ! c5sors1 or put "u ban or de/roy$1#ac & _! maps1 writ+s & plates burn$1 has n yet be5 told4 ,x is a /ory t1 :5 fully n>rat$1 w make a volume ( extraord9>y int]e/4 ,x is a /ory :i* bo? ,*ri/ian & human int]e/s *all5ge "s native au?or to tell4 ,dur+ all ?is "t1 b especially dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 !re 0 "o /eady goal to :i* ! aspir+ /ud5t ev] kept 8 fai?1 & to :i* 8 feet t5d$4 ,!re 0 "o place ( pilgrimage1 t[>d :i* ! sons ( ! morn+ mov$1 & :i*1 despite ! spy & ! in=m] & ! vigilance ( gov]nors1 f$ _! spirits1 & :5ce !y c>ri$ ! sacr$ fire1 or bore ! se$ ^: h>ve/ we n[ see4 ,t goal ( ! pilgrim b& 0 ,nagasaki1 & ! place :]e ! light burn$ & ! sacr$ flames 7 k9dl$ 0 ,d%ima4 ,! m5 :o help$ to make true patriots1 d>+ ?9k]s1 inquir]s aft] tru?1 br+]s 9 ( a bett] "t1 yes1 & ev5 ,*ri/ians & prea*]s ( ! good news ( ,god1 7 ^! ,dut*m5 ( ,d%ima4 ,a ,h&ful ( ,salt 9 a ,/agnant ,mass4 ,! ,nagasaki ,holl&]s 7 n immaculate sa9ts1 nei!r 7 !y sooty devils4 ,!y did n pr(ess to be ,*ri/ian mission>ies4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y 7 m5 n devoid ( consci5ce nor ( sympa?y ) aspir+ & /ruggl+ m5 9 a h]mit nation1 eag] = light & tru?4 ,! ,dut*man dur+ ! "t ( h]mit ,japan1 z we see him 9 ! lit]ature ( m5 :o 7 ho/ile 9 fai? & covet\s rivals 9 trade1 is a repulsive figure4 ,he seems to be a brutal wret*1 seek+ only ga91 & will+ to sell consci5ce1 humanity & 8 religion1 = pelf4 ,9 reality1 he 0 an ord9>y ,european1 probably no bett]1 c]ta9ly no worse1 ?an 8 age or ! av]age man ( 8 c\ntry or ( 8 cont95t4 ,fur!r1 among ?is av]age doz5 ( exiles 9 ! int]e/ ( comm]ce1 sci5ce or culture1 !re 7 frequ5tly honorable m5 f> above ! av]age ,european1 & %9+ examples ( ,*ri/ianity & humanity4 ,ev5 9 8 submission to ! laws ( ! c\ntry1 ! ,dut*man did no m1 no less1 b exactly z ! daimis1#ad :o l himself 7 subject to ! humiliations impos$ by ! rul]s 9 ,y$o4 ,x 0 ! ,dut*1 :o1 = two hundr$ ye>s suppli$ ! culture ( ,europe to ,japan1 introduc$ ,we/]n sci5ce1 furni%$ almo/ ! only intellectual /imulant1 & 7 ! sole tea*]s ( m$ic9e & sci5ce4#ae ,!y tra9$ up hundr$s ( ,japanese to be physicians :o practis$ rational m$ic9e & surg]y4 ,!y fill$ ) ne$$ c\rage ! he>ts ( m51 :o1 secretly practis+ dissection ( ! bodies ( crim9als1 demon/rat$ ! falsity ( ,*9ese ideas ( anatomy4 ,x 0 ,dut* sci5ce :i* explod$ & drove out ( ,japan t ,*9ese sy/em ( m$ic9e1 by means ( :i* s _m millions h1 dur+ ! long ages1 be5 sl[ly tortur$ to dea?4 ,! ,d%ima ,dut*man 0 a k9dly advis]1 help]1 guide & fri5d1 ! "o means ( communication ) ! _w1 a h&ful ( salt 9 ! /agnant mass4 ,long be=e ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or ,commodore ,p]ry1 ! ,holl&]s advis$ ! ,yodo gov]nm5t 9 favor ( int]national int]c\rse4 ,! ,dut* language1 ne>e/ 9 /ructure & vocabul>y to ! ,engli%1 ev5 ri*] 9 ! descriptive en]gy ( its t]ms1 & saturat$ )al ) ,*ri/ian tru?1 0 /udi$ by eag] "y m54 ,^! speak]s ( an imp]sonal language :i* 9 psy*ological developm5t 0 sc>cely above ! grade ( *ildhood1 7 ex]cis$ 9 a tongue t /&s second to none 9 ,europe = purity1 vigor1 p]sonality & philosophical p[]4 ,! ,japanese /ud5ts ( ,dut* held a gold5 key :i* op5$ ! treasures ( mod]n ?\ght & ( ! _w's lit]ature4 ,! m9ds ( ?9k+ ,japanese 7 ?us made pla/ic = ! reception ( ! ideas ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,be/ ( all1 ?\gh =bidd5 by _! contracts to import ,bibles into ,japan1 ! ,dut*m51 by means ( works ( ref]5ce1 po9t$ m ?an "o inquir+ _s to ! in=mation by :i* ! hi/oric ,*ri/ became kn[n4 ,! books :i* !y import$1 ! in=mation :i* !y gave1 ! /imulus :i* !y imp>t$1 7 z se$s plant$ )9 masonry-cov]$ e>?1 t 7 to upheave & ov]?r[ ! fabric ( exclusion & inclusion re>$ by ! ,tokugawa ,%guns4 ,"t & space fail u to tell h[ eag] spirits n only grop$ aft] ,god1 b s\ght ! liv+ ,*ri/--?\gh (t5 ?is meant to !m imprisonm5t1 suicide en=c$ by ! law1 or decapitation4 ,yet ov] all ,japan1 long be=e ! broad p5nant ( ,p]ry 0 mirror$ on ! wat]s ( ,y$o ,bay1 !re 7 "h & !re masses ( leav5$ op9ion1 spots ( k9dl$ light1 & fields ^u :i* ! t5d] gre5 spr\ts ( new ideas c\ld be detect$4 ,to-day1 z inquiry among ! olde/ ( ! ,*ri/ian lead]s & scores ( volumes ( mod]n biography %[s1 ! mo/ e>ne/ & fai?ful among ! prea*]s1 tea*]s & soldi]s 9 ! ,*ri/ian army1 7 l$ into _! new _w ( ideas ?r\gh ,dut* culture4 ,! fact is reveal$ 9 repeat$ in/ances1 t1 ?r\gh fa!r1 gr&fa!r1 uncle1 or o!r relative--"s pilgrim to ! ,dut* at ,nagasaki--came _! fir/ k1 _! initial prompt+s1 ! environm5t or atmosph]e1 :i* made !m all s5sitive & ready to receive ! ,*ri/ian tru? :5 x came 9 its full =m f ! liv+ mission>y & ! vital ^w ( ,god4 ,"s "o has well said t ! languages ( mod]n ,europe are no?+ m ?an ,*ri/ianity express$ ) diff]+ pronunciation & vocabul>y4 ,to him :o w receive x1 ! ma/]y ( any "o ( ! languages ( ,*ri/5dom1 is1 9 a l>ge s5se1 a revelation ( ,god 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,seek]s aft] ,god4 ,pa!tic1 ev5 to ! compulsion ( te>s1 is ! /ory ( ^! seek]s aft] ,god4 ,we1 :o to-day are surr\nd$ by e motive & inducem5t to ,*ri/ian liv+ & by e means & appliance = ! practice ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 may well consid] = a mom5t ! /ruggle ( e>ne/ s\ls to f9d out ,god4 ,?9k ( ?is "o :o f9ds a ,lat9 ,bible ca/ up on ! %ore f "s brok5 %ip1 & be>+ x secretly 9 8 bosom to ! ,holl&]1 ga9s light z to ! mean+ ( its message4 ,?9k ( ! nobleman1 ,watanab ,oboru1#af :o1 by means ( ! ,japanese int]pret] ( ,dut*1 ,takano ,*oyi1 is ?rill$ ) ! /ory ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e? :o help$ & heal$ & spake z no o!r man spake1 tea*+ ) an au?ority above t ( ! ma/]s ,confucius or ,buddha4 ,?9k ( ! daimi ( ,mito1#ag :o1 pr\d 9 l9eage1 le>n$ & s*ol>ly1 & surr\nd$ by a ho/ ( educat$ m51 is yet unsatisfi$ ) :at ! wise ( 8 own c\ntry c\ld give him1 & ga!rs ar\nd him ! relics une>!d f ! old p]secutions4 ,f a picture ( ! ,virg91 a fragm5t ( a litany1 or x may be a "p ( a brevi>y1 he tries to make out :at ,*ri/ianity is4 ,?9k ( ,yokoi ,hi%iro1#ah le>n$ 9 ,confucius & 8 comm5tators1 :o seeks bett] light1 s5ds to ,*9a = a ,*9ese translation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & 9 8 lectures on ! ,confucian e?ics1 to ! delight & yet to ! surprise ( 8 he>]s :o he> gr&] tru? ?an !y are able to f9d 9 text or comm5t>y1 really prea*es ,*ri/1 & prophesies t ! "t w come :5 ! walls ( isolation be+ levell$1 ! brighte/ intellects ( ,japan w welcome ?is same ,jesus & ,8 doctr9e4 ,?9k ( him aga91 :5 unable to purify ! ,augean /ables ( ,y$o's moral corruption1 because ! "t 0 at h& = o!r cleans+ ag5cies1 he retires to 8 home1 cont5t a:ile ) 8 books & fl[]s4 ,aga91 see him summon$ to ! capital1 to sit at ,kito--l ag$ ,frankl9 among ! "y /atesm5 ( ! ,con/itution 9 ,philadelphia--) ! ,mikado's y\?ful advis]s 9 ! new gov]nm5t ( #ahfh4 ,?9k ( him plead+ = ! elevation ( ! p>iah ,eta1 accurs$ & outca/ ?r\gh ,buddhism1 to humanity & citiz5%ip4 ,!n he> him urge eloqu5tly ! "r ( p]sonal belief1 & argue = tol]ation "u ! law1 ( op9ions1 :i* ! ,japanese !n /igmatiz$ z evil & devili%1 b :i* we1 & _m ( !m n[1 call s\nd & ,*ri/ian4 ,f9ally1 behold him at night 9 ! public /reets1 assault$ by assass9s1 & giv5 quick dea? by _! bullet & blades4 ,see 8 gray head ly+ sev]$ f 8 body & 9 its own gore1 ! wret*$ murd]]s ?9k+ !y h /ay$ ! advanc+ tide ( ,*ri/ianity2 b at home !re dwells a little son de/9$ 9 ,god's provid5ce to become an e>ne/ ,*ri/ian & "o ( ! brilliant lead]s ( ! native ,*ri/ianity ( ,japan 9 our day4 ,! ,buddhi/ ,inquisitors4 ,dur+ ! nation's p]iod ( ,?orn-rose-l seclusion1 ! ?ree religions recogniz$ by ! law 7 ,buddhism1 ,%9t & ,confucianism4 ,*ri/ianity 0 ! outlaw$ sect4 ,all ov] ! c\ntry1 on ! high-roads1 at ! bridges1 & 9 ! villages1 t[ns & cities1 ! fundam5tal laws ( ! c\ntry 7 writt5 on wood5 tablets call$ kosats4 ,^!1 fram$ & ro($ = protection f ! wea!r1 b easily be=e ! eyes ( e man1 woman & *ild1 & writt5 9 a /yle & language und]/ood ( all1 d5\nc$ ! ,*ri/ian religion z an accurs$ sect1 & (f]$ gold to ! spy & in=m]2#ai :ile once a ye> e ,samurai 0 requir$ to swe> on ! true fai? ( a g5tleman t he _h no?+ to d ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,f ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! c\ntry hav+ be5 divid$ into p>i%es1 ! inquisition 0 "u ! *>ge ( ! ,buddhi/ prie/s :o p5etrat$ into ! h\se & family & gu>d$ ! gravey>ds1 s t nei!r e>? nor fire %\ld embrace ! c>cass ( a ,*ri/ian1 nor 8 du/ or a%es defile ! ance/ral gravey>ds4 ,twice--9 #afhf & 9 #agaa--7 ! rew>ds increas$ & ! ,buddhi/ bloodh\nds ( ,japan's ,inquisition set on fre% trails4 ,on "o occasion1 at ,osaka1 9 #ahci1bj a rebellion broke out :i* 0 believ$1 ?\gh )\t evid5ce1 to h be5 in/igat$ 9 "s way by m5 ) ,*ri/ian ideas1 & 0 c]ta9ly l$ by ,o%io1 ! bitt] oppon5t ( ,buddhism1 ( ,tokugawa1 & ( ! preval5t ,confucianism4 ,possibly1 ! upris+ 0 aid$ by refugees f ,korea4 ,^? implicat$ 71 aft] spe$y trial1 crucifi$ or behead$4 ,9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! c\ntry ! c]emony ( ,ebumi or trampl+ on ! cross1#ba 0 long p]=m$4 ,?\s&s ( p 7 made to pass ?r\gh a wicket1 b5ea? :i* & on ! gr\nd lay a copp] plate engrav$ ) ! image ( ! ,*ri/ & ! cross4 ,9 ?is way x 0 hop$ to utt]ly eradicate ! v memory ( ,*ri/ianity1 :i*1 to ! common p1 _h become ! synonym = sorc]y4 ,b besides ! seek+ aft] ,god by e>ne/ s\ls & ! prote/ ( philosoph]s1 !re 01 amid ! prevail+ immorality & ! agno/icism & scepticism br$ by decay$ ,buddhism & ! mat]iali/ic philosophy bas$ on ,confucius1 "s e>ne/ /ruggles = ! purification ( morals & ! spiritual improvem5t ( ! p4 ,! ,%+aku ,movem5t4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! movem5ts to ?is end 0 t ( ! ,%+aku or ,new ,le>n+4 ,a class ( practical morali/s1 to (fset ! prevail+ t5d5cy ( ! age to mu* speculation & because ,buddhism did s little = ! p1 tri$ to make ! doctr9es ( ,confucius a liv+ =ce among ! great mass ( p4 ,?is movem5t1 ?\gh ,confucian 9 its *ief tone & color1 0 eclectic & int5d$ to comb9e all t 0 be/ 9 ! ,*9ese sy/em ) :at c\ld be utiliz$ f ,%9t & ,buddhism4 ,) ! prea*+ 0 comb9$ a good deal ( active b5evol5ce4 ,especially 9 ! "t ( fam9e1 0 c>e = humanity %[n4 ,! effect ^u ! p 0 noticeable1 foll[]s multipli$ rapidly1 & x is said t ev5 ! gov]nm5t 9 _m in/ances made !m1 ! ,%+aku prea*]s1 ! di/ributors ( rice & alms = ! ne$y4 ,"s ( ! prea*]s became fam\s & c\nt$ among _! foll[]s _m m5 ( influ5ce4 ,! lit]>y side ( ! movem5t#bb has be5 br\ght to ! att5tion ( ,engli% read]s ?r\gh ,mr4 ,mit=d's translation ( ?ree s]mons f ! volume entitl$ ,%+aku ,dwa4 ,o!r disc\rses h be5 f "t to "t r5d]$ into ,engli%1 ^? by ,%ibata1 entitl$ ,! ,s]mons ( ! ,dove-l ,v5]able ,ma/]1 be+ especially fam\s4 ,?is movem5t1 int]e/+ z x 01 came to an end :5 ! c\ntry began to be convuls$ by ! approa*+ entrance ( =eign]s1 ?r\gh ! ,p]ry treaty2 b x s]ves to %[1 :at we believe to be ! tru?1 t ! moral rott5ness z well z ! physical decay ( ! ,japanese p rea*$ _! acme j previ\s to ! app>ition ( ! ,am]ican fleet 9 #ahec4 ,! /ory ( n9ete5? c5tury ,re=m$ ,*ri/ianity 9 ,japan does n beg9 ) ,p]ry1 or ) ,h>ris1 or ) ! arrival ( ,*ri/ian mission>ies 9 #ahei2 = x has a subt]ranean & int]ior hi/ory1 z we h h9t$2 :ile t ( ! ,roman =m & ord] is a /ory ( unbrok5 cont9uity1 ?\gh ! life ( ! tunnel is n[ t ( ! sunny road4 ,! p>able ( ! leav5 is fir/ illu/rat$ & !n t ( ! mu/>d-se$4 ,be=e ,*ri/ianity 0 ph5om5al1 x 0 pot5t4 ,let u n[ look f ! int]ior to ! outside4 ,on ,p]ry's flag-%ip1 ! ,mississippi1 ! ,bible lay op51 a s]mon 0 prea*$1 & ! hymn ,be=e ,jehovah's ,awful ,?rone 0 sung1 wak+ ! e*oes ( ! ,japan hills4 ,! ,*ri/ian day ( re/ 0 honor$ on ?is ,am]ican squadron4 ,9 ! treaty sign$ 9 #ahed1 ?\gh x 0 made1 inde$1 ) use ( ! "n ( ,god & t]ms ( ,*ri/ian *ronology1 !re 0 no?+ ^u :i* to base1 ei!r by "r or privilege1 ! resid5ce ( mission>ies 9 ! c\ntry4 ,t[ns5d ,h>ris1 ! ,am]ican ,consul-,g5]al1 :o hoi/$ 8 flag & began 8 h]mit life at ,%imoda1 9 ,septemb]1 #ahee1 _h z 8 only companion a ,dut* secret>y1 ,mr4 ,heusk51 :o 0 lat]1 9 ,y$o1 to be assass9at$ by ron9s4 ,)\t %ip or soldi]1 ov]com+ craft & guile1 & w9n+ 8 way by simple hone/y & p]sev]ance1 ,mr4 ,h>ris obta9$ audi5ce#bc ( ! ,tycoon 9 ,y$o1 & lat] f ! ,%gun's d>+ m9i/] ,ii1 ! signature to a treaty :i* gu>ante$ to ,am]icans ! rights ( resid5ce1 trade & comm]ce4 ,?us ,am]icans 7 enabl$ to l& z citiz5s1 & pursue _! avocation z religi\s tea*]s4 ,z ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica kn[s no?+ ( ! religion ( ,am]ican citiz5s abroad1 x protects all mission>ies :o are law-abid+ citiz5s1 )\t reg>d to cre$4#bd ,japan ,once ,m ,mission>y ,soil4 ,! fir/ mission>ies 7 on ! gr\nd z soon z ! ports 7 op54 ,?\gh surr\nd$ by spies & always 9 dang] ( assass9ation & inc5di>ism1 !y began _! "w ( ma/]+ ! language4 ,to d ?is )\t tra9$ tea*]s or app>atus ( diction>y & gramm>1 0 !n an appall+ task4 ,! m$ical mission>y began heal+ ! sw>ms ( human suff]]s1 syphilitic1 consumptive1 & ^? sc\rg$ by small-pox1 *ol]a & h]$it>y & acute diseases ( all sorts4 ,! pati5ce1 k9dness & p]si/5cy ( ^! ,*ri/ian m5 lit]ally turn$ ! edge ( ! sword1 dis>m$ ! assass91 made ! spies' occupation useless1 %am$ away ! suspici\s1 & conqu]$ ! ne>ly inv9cible prejudices ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,despite ! awful "u-t[ 9 ! immorality ( ! sailor1 ! adv5tur] & ! ga9-gre$y =eign]1 ! tide ( ,*ri/ianity began /eadily to rise4 ,not)/&+ ! outbur/s ( ! flames ( p]secution1 ! torture & imprisonm5t ( ,*ri/ian captives & exiles1 & ! sl[ worry+ to dea? ( ! mission>y's native tea*]s1 inquir]s came & conv]ts 7 made4 ,9 #ahfh1 aft] revolution & re/oration1 ! old ord] *ang$1 & du>*y & feudalism pass$ away4 ,quick to seize ! opportunity1 ,dr4 ,j4,c4 ,hepburn1 heal] ( bodies & s\ls ( m51 pres5t$ a ,bible to ! ,emp]or1 & ! gift 0 accept$4 ,no soon] _h ! new gov]nm5t be5 e/abli%$ 9 safety1 & ! "n ( ,y$o1 ! city ( ! ,baydoor1 be5 *ang$ into t ( ,tki1 ! ,ea/]n ,capital1 ?an an embassy#be ( sev5ty p]sons />t$ on its c\rse r\nd ! _w4 ,at its head 7 ?ree cab9et m9i/]s ( ! new gov]nm5t & ! c\rt noble1 ,iwakura1 ( immemorial l9eage1 9 ^: ve9s ran ! blood ( ! m5 call$ gods4 ,across ! ,pacific to ! ,unit$ ,/ates !y w5t1 hav+ _! initial audi5ce ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,republic t kn[s no /ate *ur*1 & ^: ,*ri/ianity _h compell$ bo? ! return ( ! %ipwreck$ ,japanese & ! fre$om ( ! slave4 ,?is embassy _h be5 sugge/$ & its c\rse plann$ by a ,*ri/ian mission>y1 :o f\nd t ( ! sev5ty p]sons1 "o-half _h be5 8 pupils4#bf ,! ,imp]ial ,embassy ,r\nd ! ,_w4 ,! purpose ( ^! envoys 01 fir/ ( all1 to ask ( ! nations ( ,*ri/5dom equal rights1 to get remov$ ! odi\s extra-t]ritoriality clause 9 ! treaties1 to h ! "r to gov]n ali5s on _! soil1 & to regulate _! own t>iff4 ,second>ily1 its memb]s w5t to /udy ! secrets ( p[] & ! res\rces ( civilization 9 ! ,we/1 to initiate ! lib]al education ( _! wom5 by leav+ 9 ,am]ican s*ools a little company ( maid5s1 to enl>ge ! sy/em ( education = _! own c\ntry1 & to s5d abroad ) approval o!rs ( _! "y m5 :o1 = a decade pa/ _h1 9 spite ( e ban & ob/acle1 be5 furtively leav+ ! c\ntry = /udy beyond ! seas4 ,9 ! l&s ( ,*ri/5dom1 ! eyes ( ambassadors1 m9i/]s1 secret>ies & /ud5ts 7 op5$4 ,!y saw !mselves z o!rs saw !m4 ,!y comp>$ _! own l& & nation1 m$iaeval 9 _s & backw>d 9 res\rces1 & _! p untra9$ z *ildr51 ) ! mod]n p[]1 ! re/less ambition1 ! /]n purpose1 ! int5se life ( ! we/]n nations1 ) _! mighty fleets & armam5ts1 _! inv5tions & ma*9]y1 _! economic & social !ories & =ces1 _! provision = ! poor1 ! sick1 & ! ag$1 ! pe]less family life 9 ! ,*ri/ian home4 ,!y f\nd1 fur!r yet1 free *ur*es divorc$ f politics & indep5d5t ( ! /ate2 t ! lead+ =ce ( ! _w 0 ,*ri/ianity1 t p]secution 0 b>b>\s1 & t tol]ation 0 ! law ( ! future1 & l>gely ! condition ( ! pres5t4 ,x took b a few :isp]s ov] ! telegraphic wire1 & ! anti-,*ri/ian edicts disappe>$ f public view l sn[flakes melt+ on ! riv]4 ,! "r arm ( p]secution 0 brok54 ,! /ory ( ! ,book ( ,acts ( ! mod]n apo/les 9 ,japan is told1 fir/ 9 ! tea*+ ( inquir]s1 prea*+ to h&fuls1 ! ga!r+ ( t9y companies1 ! translation ( ! ,gospel1 & !n pray] & wait+ = ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,a /udy ( ! ,book ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 foll[$ 9 ord] to f9d out h[ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* began4 ,on ! #aj? day ( ,m>*1 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l & ( ! era ( ,meiji 7,enlight5$ ,peace7 ! fif?1 #ahgb1 at ,yokohama1 9 ! little /one *apel built on "p ( ,commodore ,p]ry's treaty gr\nd1 0 =m$ ! fir/ ,re=m$ or ,prote/ant ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ,japan4 ,at ?is po9t our task is end$4 ,we _c ev5 glance at ! native ,*ri/ian *ur*es ( ! ,roman1 ,re=m$1 or ,greek ord]1 or attempt to appraise ! "w ( ! =eign mission>ies4 ,he has read ^! pages 9 va91 h[ev]1 :o does n see h[ well1 "u ,provid5ce1 ! ,japanese h be5 tra9$ = high] =ms ( fai?4 ,! armies ( ,japan are ^u ,*9ese soil1 :ile we p5 our clos+ l9es4 ,! la/ *a9s ( purely local & e?nic dogma are be+ snapp$ asund]4 ,may ! sons ( ,dai ,nippon1 z !y w9 new horizons ( tru?1 see m cle>ly & welcome m loyally t ,pr9ce ( ,peace ^: k+dom is n ( ?is _w4 ,may ! age ( political conque/ end1 & ! era ( ! self-re=mation ( ! ,asian nations1 ?r\gh ! gospel ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 be u%]$ 94 ,,notes1 ,,au?orities1 ,,& ,,illu/rations ,! few abbreviations us$ 9 ^! pages /& = well-kn[n works3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 = ,transactions ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan2 ,kojiki1 = ,supplem5t to ,volume ,x41 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,introduction1 ,translation1 ,notes1 ,map1 etc41 by ,pr(essor ,basil ,hall ,*amb]la92 ,t4,j41 = ,?+s ,japanese 7#b;d ed471 by ,pr(essor ,b4,h4 ,*amb]la92 ,s4 & ,h41 = ,sat[ & ,hawes's ,h&-book = ,japan1 n[ cont9u$ 9 new editions 7#d?1 #ahid71 by ,pr(essor ,b4,h4 ,*amb]la92 ,c4,r4,m41 = ,may]s's ,*9ese ,read]'s ,manual2 ,m4,e41 ,! ,mikado's ,empire 7#g? ed472 ,b4,n41 = ,mr4 ,bunyiu ,nanjio's ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! ,twelve ,japanese ,buddhi/ ,sects1 ,tki1 #ahhg4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,primitive ,,fai?3 ,,religion ,,be=e ,,books ,footnote #a3 ,! late ,pr(essor ,samuel ,f9ley ,breese ,morse1 ,,ll4,d41 :o appli$ ! pr9ciples ( electro-magnetism to telegraphy1 0 ! son ( ! ,rev4 ,j$$iah ,morse1 ,d4,d41 ! celebrat$ !ologian1 geograph]1 & gazette]4 ,9 memory ( 8 fa!r1 ,pr(essor ,morse f\nd$ ?is lecture%ip 9 ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y1 ,new ,york1 on ,! ,relation ( ! ,bible to ! ,sci5ces1 ,may #bj1ahfe1 by ! gift ( t5 ?\s& doll>s4 ,footnote #b3 ,an ,am]ican ,mission>y 9 ,japan1 p4 #bji1 by ,rev4 ,m4,l4 ,gordon1 ,m4,d41 ,bo/on1 #ahib4 ,footnote #c3 ,lucretia ,c(t9 ,mott4 ,footnote #d3 ,i rememb] once mak+ a calculation 9 ,hong ,kong1 & mak+ out my baptisms to h am\nt$ to ab\t six hundr$4444 ,i believe ) y t ! /udy ( comp>ative religion is important = all mission>ies4 ,/ill m important1 x seems to me1 is x t mission>ies %\ld make !mselves ?or\ghly pr(ici5t 9 ! languages & lit]ature ( ! p to :om !y are s5t4--,dr4 ,legge's ,lett] to ! ,au?or1 ,novemb] #bg1 #ahic4 ,footnote #e3 ,! ,religions ( ,*9a1 p4 #bdj1 by ,james ,legge1 ,new ,york1 #ahha4 ,footnote #f3 ,! ,autocrat ( ! ,breakfa/ ,table1 p4 #bb1 ,bo/on editions ( #ahei & #ahgi4 ,footnote #g3 ,"o ( ! _m names ( ,japan is t ( ! ,c\ntry ,rul$ by a ,sl5d] ,sword1 9 allusion to ! clumsy weapons employ$ by ! ,*9ese & ,koreans4 ,see1 = ! %ort5+ & light5+ ( ! mod]n ,japanese sword 7katana7 z comp>$ ) ! long & heavy 7k57 ( ! ,div9e 7kami7 or unciviliz$ age1 ,! ,sword ( ,japan2 ,its ,hi/ory & ,traditions1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #eh4 ,footnote #h3 ,! c\rse ( lectures on ,! ,religions ( ,*9ese ,asia 7:i* includ$ mo/ ( ! matt] 9 ?is book71 giv5 by ! au?or 9 ,bangor ,!ological ,sem9>y1 ,bangor1 ,me41 9 ,april1 #ahid1 0 ^u ! ,bond f\ndation1 f\nd$ by alumni & nam$ aft] ! *ief donor1 ,rev4 ,ellas ,bond1 ,d4,d41 ( ,kohala1 long an active mission>y 9 ,hawaii4 ,footnote #i3 ,?is is ! cont5tion ( ,pr(essor ,kumi1 late ( ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity ( ,japan2 see *apt] on ,%9t4 ,footnote #aj3 ,9 illu/ration1 comical or pitiful1 ! common p 9 ,satsuma believe t ! _s ( ! great ,saigo ,takamori1 lead] ( ! rebellion ( #ahgg1 has tak5 up its abode 9 ! planet ,m>s1 :ile ! spirits ( 8 foll[]s ent]$ into a new race ( frogs t attack man & fight until kill$--,m\nsey's ,! ,satsuma ,rebellion1 p4 #bag4 ,s1 also1 ! ,heik-gani1 or crabs at ,%imonoski1 repres5t ! transmigration ( ! s\ls ( ! ,heik clan1 ne>ly ext]m9at$ 9 #aahd ,a4,d41 :ile ! ,hj bugs are ! avat>s ( ! execrat$ rul]s ( ,kamakura 7#abai-accc ,a4,d474--,japan 9 ,hi/ory1 ,folk-lore1 & ,art1 ,bo/on1 #ahib1 pp4 #aae1 #acc4 ,footnote #aa3 ,! ,future ( ,religion 9 ,japan4 ,a pap] read at ! ,p>liam5t ( ,religions by ,nobuta ,ki%imoto4 ,footnote #ab3 ,! ,a9os1 ?\gh !y deify all ! *ief objects ( nature1 su* z ! sun1 ! sea1 fire1 wild bea/s1 etc41 (t5 talk ( a ,creator1 ,kotan k>a kamui1 lit]ally ! ,god :o made ! ,_w4 ,at ! fact ( creation !y /op %ort4444 ,"o ga!rs t ! creative act 0 p]=m$ n directly1 b ?r\gh int]m$i>ies1 :o 7 app>5tly animals4--,*amb]la9's ,a9o ,/udies1 p4 #ab4 ,see also on ! ,a9o t]m ,kamui1 by ,pr(essor ,b4,h4 ,*amb]la9 & ,rev4 ,j4 ,bat*elor1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvi4 ,footnote #ac3 ,see ,unbeat5 ,tracks 9 ,japan1 by ,isabella ,bird 7,bi%op71 ,vol4 ,,ii42 ,! ,a9u ( ,japan1 by ,rev4 ,john ,bat*elor2 ,b4 ,d\glas ,h[>d's ,life ,) ,trans-,sib]ian ,savages2 ,ripley ,hit*cock's ,report1 ,smi?sonian ,in/itute1 ,wa%+ton4 ,pr(essor ,b4 ,h4 ,*amb]la9's invaluable ,a9o ,/udies1 ,tki1 #ahhg1 makes s*ol>ly comp>ison ( ! ,japanese & ,a9o language1 my?ology1 & geographical nom5clature4 ,footnote #ad3 ,m4,e41 ,! ,my?ical ,zology ( ,japan1 pp4 #dgg-dhh4 ,c4,r4,m41 passim4 ,footnote #ae3 ,see ! valuable article entitl$ ,demoniacal ,possession1 ,t4,j41 p4 #ajf1 & ! au?or's ,japanese ,fox ,my?s1 ,lipp9cott's ,magaz9e1 #ahgc4 ,footnote #af3 ,see ! ,a9o animal /ories & evid5ces ( bea/ wor%ip 9 ,*amb]la9's ,a9o ,/udies4 ,= ?is elem5t 9 ,japanese life1 see ! ,kojiki1 & ! au?or's ,japanese ,fairy ,_w4 ,footnote #ag3 ,! proprietor ( a pap]-mill 9 ,massa*usetts1 :o _h b\ght a c>go ( rags1 consi/+ mo/ly ( f>m]s' ca/ (f clo!s1 br\ght to ! au?or a bundle ( scraps ( pap] :i* he _h f\nd 9 ?is *eap blue-dy$ cotton we>+ app>el4 ,besides money acc\nts & p]sonal matt]s1 !re 7 num]\s temple amulets & prie/s' c]tificates4 ,see also ,b4,h4 ,*amb]la9's ,notes on ,"s ,m9or ,japanese ,religi\s ,practices1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 ,may1 #ahic4 ,footnote #ah3 ,m4,e41 p4 #ddj4 ,footnote #ai3 ,see ! ,lecture on ,buddhism 9 its ,doctr9al ,developm5t4--,! ,ni*ir5 ,sect4 ,footnote #bj3 ,! phallus 0 =m]ly a common emblem 9 all p>ts ( ,japan1 ,hondo1 ,kiu%iu1 ,%ikoku1 & ! o!r isl&s4 ,bay>d ,taylor notic$ x 9 ! ,riu ,kiu 7,loo ,*oo7 ,isl&s2 ,p]ry's ,exp$ition to ,japan1 p4 #aif2 ,bay>d ,taylor's ,exp$ition 9 ,lew ,*ew2 ,m4,e41 p4 #cc1 note2 ,re9's ,japan1 p4 #dcb2 ,di>y ( ,ri*>d ,cocks1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #bhc4 ,! native guide-books & gazette]s d n allude to ! subject4 ,al?\gh ! au?or ( ?is volume has collect$ consid]able data f p]sonal obs]vations & ! te/imony ( p]sonal fri5ds conc]n+ ! vani%+ nature-wor%ip ( ! ,japanese1 he has1 9 ! text1 sc>cely m ?an glanc$ at ! subject4 ,9 a "w ( ?is sort1 int5d$ bo? = ! g5]al read] z well z = ! sci5tific /ud5t ( religion1 x has be5 ?\ght be/ to be cont5t ) a few simple ref]5ces to :at 0 once widely preval5t 9 ! ,japanese ar*ipelago4 ,probably ! mo/ ?or\gh /udy ( ,japanese phallicism yet made by any =eign s*ol> is t ( ,edmund ,buckley1 ,a4,m41 ,ph4,d41 ( ! ,*icago ,univ]sity1 ,lectur] on ,%9t1 ! ,e?nic ,fai? ( ,japan1 & on ! ,sci5ce ( ,religion4 ,dr4 ,buckley sp5t six ye>s 9 c5tral & s\?we/]n ,japan1 mo/ ( ! "t z in/ructor 9 ! ,do%i%a ,univ]sity1 ,kito4 ,he w publi% ! results ( 8 p]sonal obs]vations & /udios 9 a monograph on phallicism1 :i* w be on sale at ,*icago ,univ]sity1 9 :i* ! ,buckley collection illu/rat+ ,%9t-wor%ip has be5 deposit$4 ,footnote #ba3 ,mr4 ,takaha%i ,gor1 9 8 ,%9t ,%9-ron1 or ,new ,discussion ( ,%9t1 accepts ! d]ivation ( ! ^w kami f kab1 m\ld1 mildew1 :i*1 on its appe>ance1 excites wond]4 ,= ,hirata's discussion1 see ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,app5dix1 p4 #dh4 ,9 a /rik+ pap] on ! ,e>ly ,gods ( ,japan1 9 a rec5t numb] ( ! ,philosophical ,magaz9e1 publi%$ 9 ,tki1 a ,japanese writ]1 ,mr4 ,k5jir ,hirad1 /ates also t ! t]m kami does n necess>ily d5ote a spiritual be+1 b is only a relative t]m mean+ above or high1 b ?is respect t[>d some?+ high or above has creat$ _m imag9>y deities z well z ^? hav+ a human hi/ory4 ,see also ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xxii41 ,"p ,i41 p4 #ee1 note4 ,footnote #bb3 ,!re rema9s some?+ ( ! ,%9t he>t aft] twelve hundr$ ye>s ( =eign cre$s & dress4 ,! wor%ip ( ! m>vell\s cont9ues4444 ,exagg]at$ =ce is mo/ impressive4444 ,s ! anci5t gods1 h]oes1 & wond]s are wor%ipp$ /ill4 ,! simple c\ntryfolk clap _! h&s1 b[ _! heads1 mumble _! pray]s1 & (f] ! fraction ( a c5t to ! fir/ ,european-built h\se !y see4--,philosophy 9 ,japan1 ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 by ,dr4 ,george ,wm4 ,knox4 ,footnote #bc3 ,m4,e41 p4 #dgd4 ,honda ! ,samurai1 pp4 #bef-bfg4 ,footnote #bd3 ,kojiki1 pp4 #abg1 #acf1 #bac1 #bag4 ,footnote #be3 ,see ,s4 & ,h41 pp4 #ci1 #gf4 ,! appe>ance ( any?+ unusual at a p>ticul> spot is hold to be a sure sign ( ! pres5ce ( div9ity4 ,ne> ! spot :]e ,i live 9 ,ko-i%i-kawa1 ,tki1 is a small ,miya1 built at ! foot ( a v old tree1 t /&s isolat$ on ! edge ( a rice-field4 ,! spot looks some:at insignificant1 b ^u inquir+ :y a %r9e has be5 plac$ !re1 ,i 0 told t a :ite snake _h be5 f\nd at ! foot ( ! old tree4 444 ,z x is1 ! religion ( ! ,japanese consi/s 9 ! belief t ! productive e!real _s1 be+ exp&$ ?r\gh ! :ole univ]se1 e "p is 9 "s degree impregnat$ ) x2 & !re=e1 e "p is 9 "s measure ! seat ( ! ,deity4--,leg5dre's ,progressive ,japan1 p4 #beh4 ,footnote #bf3 ,de ,v]flauw+ d] ,gr5z51 by ,dr4 ,abraham ,kuyp]1 ,am/]dam1 #ahib2 translat$ by ,rev4 ,t4 ,h5drik de ,vries1 9 ! ,me?odi/ ,review1 ,new ,york1 ,july-,sept41 #ahic4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,%9t2 ,,my?s ,,& ,,ritual ,footnote #a3 ,! s*ol> :o has made pr(\nd rese>*es 9 all dep>tm5ts ( ,japanese le>n+1 b especially 9 ! lit]ature ( ,%9t1 is ,mr4 ,erne/ ,sat[1 n[ ! ,briti% ,m9i/] at ,tangi]4 ,he receiv$ ! degree ( ,b4,a4 f ! ,london ,univ]sity4 ,aft] sev]al ye>s' /udy & exp]i5ce 9 ,*9a1 ,mr4 ,sat[ came to ,japan 9 #ahfa z /ud5t-int]pret] to ! ,briti% ,legation1 receiv+ 8 fir/ drill "u ,rev4 ,s4,r4 ,br[n1 ,d4,d41 au?or ( ,a ,gramm> ( ,colloquial ,japanese4 ,to ceaseless indu/ry1 ?is s*ol>1 to :om ! _w is s mu* indebt$ = k ( ,japan1 has add$ philosophic insight4 ,besides une>?+ docum5ts ^: exi/5ce 0 unsuspect$1 he has cle>$ ! way = inve/igators & comp>ative /ud5ts by practically remov+ ! b>ri]s re>$ by ar*aic spee* & writ+4 ,8 pap]s 9 ! ,t4,a4,s4,j41 on ,! ,%9t ,%r9es at ,is1 ! ,revival ( ,pure ,%9t1 & ,anci5t ,japanese ,rituals1 toge!r ) 8 ,h&-book = ,japan1 =m ! be/ collection ( mat]ials = ! /udy ( ! orig9al & lat] =ms ( ,%9t4 ,footnote #b3 ,! s*ol> :o above all o!rs has1 ) r>e acum5 unit$ to labori\s & prolong$ toil1 illum9at$ ! subject ( ,japan's *ronology & e>ly hi/ory is ,mr4 ,w4,g4 ,a/on ( ! ,briti% ,civil ,s]vice4 ,he /udi$ at ! ,que5's ,univ]sity1 ,irel&1 receiv+ ! degree ( ,m4,a4 ,he 0 appo9t$ /ud5t-int]pret] 9 ,japan1 ,augu/ #f1 #ahfd4 ,he is ! au?or ( a ,gramm> ( ! ,writt5 ,japanese ,language1 & has be5 a /ud5t ( ! comp>ative hi/ory & spee* & writ+ ( ,*9a1 ,korea1 & ,japan1 dur+ ! pa/ ?irty ye>s4 ,see 8 valuable pap]s 9 ! ,t4,a4,s4,j41 & ! le>n$ societies 9 ,great ,brita94 ,9 8 pap] on ,e>ly ,japanese ,hi/ory1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 pp4 #ci-ge1 he recapitulates ! result ( 8 rese>*es1 9 :i* he is1 9 ! ma91 support$ by critical native s*ol>s1 & by ! late ,william ,brams51 9 8 ,japanese ,*ronological ,tables1 ,tki1 #ahhj4 ,he consid]s ,a4,d4 #dfa z ! fir/ tru/wor?y date 9 ! ,japanese annals4 ,we quote f 8 pap]1 ,e>ly ,japanese ,hi/ory1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 p4 #gc4 #a4 ,! e>lie/ date ( ! accept$ ,japanese ,*ronology1 ! accuracy ( :i* is confirm$ by ext]nal evid5ce1 is ,a4,d4 #dfa4 #b4 ,japanese ,hi/ory1 prop]ly s call$1 c h>dly be said to exi/ previ\s to ,a4,d4 #ejj4 7,a cursory exam9ation leads me to ?9k t ! annals ( ! six? c5tury mu/ also be receiv$ ) caution47 #c4 ,korean ,hi/ory & ,*ronology are m tru/wor?y ?an ^? ( ,japan dur+ ! p]iod previ\s to t date4 #d4 ,:ile !re 0 an ,empress ( ,japan 9 ! ?ird c5tury ,a4,d41 ! /atem5t t %e conqu]$ ,korea is highly improbable4 #e4 ,*9ese le>n+ 0 introduc$ into ,japan f ,korea #abj ye>s lat] ?an ! date giv5 9 ,japanese ,hi/ory4 #f4 ,! ma9 fact ( ,japan hav+ a pr$om9ant influ5ce 9 "s p>ts ( ,korea dur+ ! fif? c5tury is confirm$ by ! ,korean & ,*9ese *ronicles1 :i*1 h[ev]1 %[ t ! ,japanese acc\nts are v inaccurate 9 matt]s ( detail4 ,footnote #c3 ,basil ,hall ,*amb]la91 :o has done ! _w ( le>n+ su* signal s]vice by 8 works on ! ,japanese language1 & especially by 8 translation1 ) critical introduction & comm5t>y1 ( ! ,kojiki1 is an ,engli% g5tleman1 born at ,s\?sea1 ,hamp%ire1 ,engl&1 on ! #ah? day ( ,octob]1 #ahcj4 ,8 "m 0 a daught] ( ! well-kn[n travell] & au?or1 ,capta9 ,basil ,hall1 ,r4,n41 & 8 fa!r an ,admiral 9 ! ,briti% ,navy4 ,he 0 educat$ = ,ox=d1 b in/ead ( ent]+1 = reasons ( heal?1 he sp5t a numb] ( ye>s 9 we/]n ,mid s\!rn ,europe1 acquir+ a k ( v>i\s languages & lit]atures4 ,8 com+ to ,japan 79 ,may1 #ahgc7 0 r ! result ( an accid5t--a long sea voyage & a trial ( ! ,japanese climate hav+ be5 recomm5d$4 ,! c\ntry & ! field ( /udy suit$ ! invalid well4 ,aft] tea*+ = a "t 9 ! ,naval ,college ! ,japanese honor$ !mselves & ?is s*ol> by mak+ him1 9 ,april1 #ahhf1 ,pr(essor ( ,philology at ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity4 ,8 works1 ,! ,classical ,poetry ( ! ,japanese1 8 v>i\s gramm>s & h&-books = ! acquisition ( ! language1 8 ,h&-book = ,japan1 8 ,a9o ,/udies1 ,?+s ,japanese1 pap]s 9 ! ,t4,a4,s4,j4 & 8 translation ( ! ,kojiki are all ( a high ord] ( value4 ,!y are m>k$ by c&or1 fairness1 insight1 & a ma/]y ( difficult !mes t makes 8 read]s 8 con/ant debtors4 ,footnote #d3 ,if ! t]m ',altaic' be held to include ,korean & ,japanese1 !n ,japanese assumes prime importance z be+ by f> ! olde/ liv+ repres5tative ( t great l+ui/ic gr\p1 its lit]ature ant$at+ by _m c5turies ! mo/ anci5t productions ( ! ,man*us1 ,mongols1 ,turks1 ,hung>ians1 or ,f9ns4--,*amb]la91 ,simplifi$ ,gramm>1 ,introd41 p4 vi4 ,footnote #e3 ,corea1 ! ,h]mit ,nation1 pp4 #ac-ad2 ,mr4 ,pom ,k4 ,soh's pap] on ,education 9 ,korea2 ,report ( ,u4,s4 ,commission] ( ,education1 #ahij-ia4 ,footnote #f3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 p4 #gd2 ,brams5's ,*ronological ,tables1 ,introd41 p4 #cd2 ,t4,j41 p4 #cb4 ,footnote #g3 ,! ,middle ,k+dom1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #eca4 ,footnote #h3 ,! frog 9 ! well kn[s n ! great ocean4 ,?is prov]b1 s freely quot$ ?r\gh\t ,*9ese ,asia1 & 9 rec5t ye>s s mu* appli$ to !mselves by ! ,japanese1 is ( ,h9du orig9 & is f\nd 9 ! ,sanskrit4 ,footnote #i3 ,?is is %[n ) lit]>y skill & p[] 9 a mod]n popul> "w1 ! title ( :i*1 ,dai ,nippon ,kai-biyaku ,yurai-iki1 :i*1 v freely inde$1 may be translat$ ,in/ances ( ,div9e ,int]position 9 ,behalf ( ,great ,japan4 ,a copy ( ?is "w 0 pres5t$ to ! writ] by ! late daimi ( ,e*iz51 & 0 read ) int]e/ z conta9+ ! common p's ideas ab\t _! c\ntry & hi/ory4 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 ,y$o 9 #ahef1 :ile ,japan 0 /ill excit$ ov] ! visits ( ! ,am]ican & ,european fleets4 ,on ! basis ( ! in=mation furni%$ 9 ?is "w ,g5]al ,le ,g5dre wrote 8 influ5tial book1 ,progressive ,japan1 9 :i* a numb] ( quotations f ! ,kai-biyaku may be read4 ,footnote #aj3 ,9 ! ,kojiki1 pp4 #aja-ajd1 we h ! poetical acc\nt ( ! abdication ( ! "l ( ,idzumo 9 favor ( ! ,yamato conqu]or1 on condition t ! latt] %\ld build a temple & h him honor$ among ! gods4 ,"o ( ! rituals conta9s ! congratulatory address ( ! *iefta9s ( ,idzumo1 on _! surr5d] to ! fir/ ,mikado1 ,jimmu ,t5n4 ,see also ,t4,j41 p4 #bjf4 ,footnote #aa3 ,! pray+ = ,h>ve/1 or ,to%igoi no ,matsuri1 0 celebrat$ on ! #d? day ( ! #b;d mon? ( ea* ye>1 at ! capital 9 ! ,j9-,gi-,kuan or (fice = ! ,wor%ip ( ! ,%9t gods1 & 9 ! prov9ces by ! *iefs ( ! local adm9i/rations4 ,at ! ,j9-,gi-,kuan !re 7 assembl$ ! m9i/]s ( /ate1 ! function>ies ( t (fice1 ! prie/s & prie/esses ( #egc temples1 conta9+ #gcg %r9es1 :i* 7 kept up at ! exp5se ( ! ,mikado's treasury1 :ile ! gov]nors ( ! prov9ces sup]9t5d$ 9 ! di/ricts "u _! adm9i/ration ! p]=mance ( rites 9 honor ( #b1cie o!r %r9es4 ,x w\ld n be easy to /ate ! exact numb] ( deities to :om ^! #c1acb %r9es 7 d$icat$4 ,a glance ov] ! li/ 9 ! #i? & #aj? books ( ! ,y5gi%iki %[s at once t !re 7 _m gods :o 7 wor%ipp$ 9 m ?an half-a-doz5 diff]5t localities at ! same "t2 b exact calculation is impossible1 because 9 _m cases only ! names ( ! temples are giv51 & we are left q 9 ! d>k z to ! individuality ( ! gods to :om !y 7 sacr$4 ,besides ^! #c1acb %r9es1 :i* are di/+ui%$ z ,%ikidai1 t is conta9$ 9 ! catalogue ( ! ,y5gi%iki1 !re 7 a l>ge numb] ( enum]at$ %r9es 9 temples scatt]$ all ov] ! c\ntry1 9 e village or hamlet1 ( :i* x 0 impossible to take any acc\nt1 j z at ! pres5t day !re are temples ( ,ha*iman1 ,kompira1 ,t5j9 sama1 ,san-no sama & ,s5g5 sama1 z !y are popul>ly call$1 :]ev] tw5ty or ?irty h\ses are collect$ toge!r4 ,! %r9es are class$ z great & small1 ! respective numb]s be+ #dib & #b1fdj1 ! di/9ction be+ tw(old1 fir/ly 9 ! proportionately l>g] quantity ( (f]+s made at ! great %r9es1 & secondly t ! (f]+s 9 ! "o case 7 arrang$ ^u tables or alt>s1 :ile 9 ! o!r !y 7 plac$ on mats spread ^u ! e>?4 ,9 ! ,y5gi%iki ! am\nts & nature ( ! (f]+s are /at$ ) great m9ut5ess1 b x w be suffici5t if ! k9ds ( articles (f]$ are alone m5tion$ "h4 ,x w be se51 by comp>ison ) ! text ( ! norito1 t !y _h v>i$ some:at s9ce ! date :5 ! ritual 0 compos$4 ,! (f]+s to a great] %r9e consi/$ ( co>se wov5 silk 7a%ig9u71 ?9 silk ( five diff]5t colors1 a k9d ( /uff call$ %idori or %idzu1 :i* is suppos$ by "s to h be5 a /rip$ silk1 clo? ( br\ssonetia b>k or hemp1 & a small quantity ( ! raw mat]ials ( :i* ! clo? 0 made1 models ( swords1 a pair ( tables or alt>s 7call$ yo-kura-oki & ya-kura-oki71 a %ield or mantlet1 a spe>-head1 a b[1 a quiv]1 a pair ( /ag's horns1 a hoe1 a few measures ( sak or rice-be]1 "s haliotis & bonito1 two measures ( kituli 7suppos$ to be salt roe71 v>i\s k9ds ( edible seawe$1 a measure ( salt1 a sak j>1 & a few feet ( matt+ = pack+4 ,to ea* ( ! temples ( ,wat>ai 9 ,is 0 pres5t$ 9 addition a horse2 to ! temple ( ! ,h>ve/ god ,mito%i no kami1 a :ite horse1 cock1 & pig1 & a horse to ea* ( n9ete5 o!rs4 ,dur+ ! =tnight :i* prec$$ ! celebration ( ! s]vice1 two smi?s & _! j\rneym51 & two c>p5t]s1 toge!r ) eight inbe or h]$it>y prie/s 7 employ$ 9 prep>+ ! app>atus & gett+ ready ! (f]+s4 ,x 0 usual to employ = ! ,pray+ = ,h>ve/ memb]s ( ?is tribe :o held (fice 9 ! ,j9-,gi-,kuan1 b if ! numb] c\ld n he made up 9 t (fice1 x 0 suppli$ f o!r dep>tm5ts ( /ate4 ,to ! tribe ( quiv]-mak]s 0 intru/$ ! special duty ( weav+ ! quiv]s ( wi/>ia t5drils4 ,! s]vice began at tw5ty m9utes to sev5 9 ! morn+1 by our reckon+ ( "t4 ,aft] ! gov]nor ( ! prov9ce ( ,yama%iro _h asc]ta9$ t ev]y?+ 0 9 read9ess1 ! (ficials ( ! ,j9-,gi-,kuan arrang$ ! (f]+s on ! tables & bel[ !m1 accord+ to ! rank ( ! %r9es = :i* !y 7 int5d$4 ,! l>ge c\rt ( ! ,j9-,gi-,kuan :]e ! s]vice 0 held1 call$ ! ,sai-91 measur$ #bcj feet by #cgj4 ,at "o end 7 ! (fices & on ! we/ side 7 ! %r9es ( ! eight ,protective ,deities 9 a r[1 surr\nd$ by a f5ce1 to ! int]ior ( :i* ?ree sacr$ ar*ways 7torii7 gave access4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! c\rt a tempor>y %$ 0 erect$ = ! occasion1 9 :i* ! tables or alt>s 7 plac$4 ,! f9al prep>ations be+ n[ complete1 ! m9i/]s ( /ate1 ! virg9 prie/esses & prie/s ( ! temples to :i* (f]+s 7 s5t by ! ,mikado1 ent]$ 9 succession1 & took ! places sev]ally assign$ to !m4 ,! horses :i* =m$ a "p ( ! (f]+s 7 next br\ght 9 f ! ,mikado's /able1 & all ! congregation drew ne>1 :ile ! read] recit$ or read ! norito4 ,?is read] 0 a memb] ( ! prie/ly family or tribe ( ,nakatomi1 :o trac$ _! desc5t back to ,am5o-koyan1 "o ( ! pr9cipal advis]s atta*$ to ! sun-goddess's gr&*ild :5 he fir/ desc5d$ on e>?4 ,x is a rem>kable evid5ce ( ! p]si/5ce ( c]ta9 ideas1 t up to ! ye> #ahfh ! nom9al prime-m9i/] ( ! ,mikado1 aft] he came ( age1 & ! reg5t dur+ 8 m9ority1 if he _h succe$$ "y to ! ?rone1 always belong$ to ?is tribe1 :i* *ang$ its "n f ,nakatomi to ,fujiw>a 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & 0 subsequ5tly split up into ! ,five ,setsuk or gov]n+ families4 ,at ! end ( ea* section ! prie/s all respond$ ',o6' :i* 0 no d\bt ! equival5t ( ',yes' 9 use 9 ^? days4 ,z soon z he _h f9i%$1 ! ,nakatomi retir$1 & ! (f]+s 7 di/ribut$ to ! prie/s = conveyance & pres5tation to ! gods to ^: s]vice !y 7 atta*$4 ,b a special mess5g] 0 despat*$ ) ! (f]+s de/9$ to ! temples at ,wat>ai4 ,?is =mality hav+ be5 complet$1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,j9-,gi-,kuan gave ! signal = break+ up ! assembly4 ,anci5t ,japanese ,rituals1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,vii1 pp4 #ajd-ajg4 ,footnote #ab3 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #dfa4 ,footnote #ac3 ,consult ,*amb]la9's lit]al translations ( ! "n 9 ! ,kojiki1 & p4 lxv4 ( 8 ,introduction4 ,footnote #ad3 ,! p>allel betwe5 ! ,hebrew & ,japanese acc\nts ( light & d>kness1 day & night1 be=e ! sun1 has be5 notic$ by sev]al writ]s4 ,see ! comm5ts ( ,hirata1 a mod]n ,%9t exp\nd]4--,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,app5dix1 p4 #gb4 ,footnote #ae3 ,we/m9/] ,review1 ,july1 #ahgh1 p4 #ai4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,kojiki ,,& ,,its ,,tea*+s ,footnote #a3 ,kojiki1 pp4 #i-ah2 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,app5dix1 p4 #bj4 ,footnote #b3 ,m4,e41 p4 #dc2 ,mc,clintock & ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia1 ,art4 ,%9t2 9 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,app5dix1 is to be f\nd ,mr4 ,sat['s dige/ ( ! comm5t>ies ( ! mod]n ,%9t revivali/s2 9 ,mr4 ,*amb]la9's translation ( ! ,kojiki1 ! text ) abundant notes4 ,see also ,mr4 ,twan-,l9's ,acc\nt ( ,japan up to ,a4,d4 #abjj1 by ,e4,h4 ,p>k]4 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xxii41 ,"p ,i4 ,footnote #c3 ,! v>i\s ab/ractions :i* figure at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ',records' 7,kojiki7 & ( ! ',*ronicles' 7,nihongi7 7 probably lat] gr[?s1 & p]haps inde$ 7 inv5tions ( individual prie/s4--,kojiki1 ,introd41 p4 lxv4 ,see also ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xxii41 ,"p ,i1 p4 #ef4 ,?us1 n only is ?is "p ( ! ,kojiki pure twaddle1 b x is n ev5 consi/5t twaddle4 ,footnote #d3 ,kojiki1 ,section ,,ix4 ,footnote #e3 ,dr4 ,joseph ,edk9s1 ,d4,d41 au?or ( ,*9ese ,buddhism1 :o believes t ! primeval religi\s hi/ory ( m5 is recov]able1 says 9 ,e>ly ,spread ( ,religi\s ,ideas1 ,especially 9 ! ,f> ,ea/1 p4 #bi1 ,9 ,japan ,amatras1 444 9 fact1 z ,i suppose1 ,mi?ras writt5 9 ,japanese1 ?\gh ! ,japanese !mselves are n aw>e ( ?is etymology4 ,comp>e ,kojiki1 ,introduction1 pp4 lxv4-lxvii4 ,footnote #f3 ,kojiki1 p4 xlii4 ,footnote #g3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,app5dix1 p4 #fg4 ,footnote #h3 ,e4 ,sat[1 ,revival ( ,pure ,%9t1 pp4 #fg-fh4 ,footnote #i3 ,?is curi\s agreem5t betwe5 ! ,japanese & o!r e?nic traditions 9 locat+ ,p>adise1 ! orig9 ( ! human family & ( civilization1 at ! ,nor? ,pole1 has n escap$ ! att5tion ( ,dr4 ,w4,f4 ,w>r51 ,presid5t ( ,bo/on ,univ]sity1 :o makes ext5d$ ref]5ce to x 9 8 int]e/+ & sugge/ive book1 ,p>adise ,f\nd3 ,! ,cradle ( ! ,human ,race at ! ,nor? ,pole2 ,a ,/udy ( ! ,prehi/oric ,_w1 ,bo/on1 #ahhe4 ,footnote #aj3 ,! pure ,japanese num]als equal 9 numb] ! f+]s2 ) ! borr[$ ,*9ese t]ms va/ am\nts c be express$4 ,footnote #aa3 ,?is cu/om 0 lat] reviv$1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 pp4 #bh1 #ca4 ,mit=d's ,tales ( ,old ,japan1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #eg2 ,m4,e41 pp4 #aef1 #bch4 ,footnote #ab3 ,see 9 ,japanese ,fairy ,_w1 ,h[ ! ,sun-,goddess 0 entic$ out ( h] ,cave4 ,= ! n>rative see ,kojiki1 pp4 #ed-ei2 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,ii41 #abh-acc4 ,footnote #ac3 ,see ,*omi & ,wordswor?1 ,a ,lit]>y ,p>allel1 by ,j4,m4 ,dixon1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xx41 pp4 #aic-bje2 ,an?ologie ,japonaise1 by ,leon de ,rosny2 ,*amb]la9's ,classical ,poetry ( ! ,japanese2 ,suymats's ,g5ji ,monogat>i1 ,london1 #ahhb4 ,footnote #ad3 ,(t5times 9 /udy+ ! anci5t rituals1 ^? :o imag9e t ! ^w ,kami %\ld be 9 all cases translat$ gods1 w be surpris$ to see :at pu]ility1 ba?os1 or gr&iloqu5ce1 comes out ( an attempt to express a v simple1 x may be humiliat+1 exp]i5ce4 ,footnote #ae3 ,my?ology & ,religi\s ,wor%ip ( ! ,japanese1 ,we/m9/] ,review1 ,july1 #ahgh2 ,anci5t ,japanese ,rituals1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vols4 ,,vii41 ,,ix42 ,esot]ic ,%9t1 by ,p]cival ,l[ell1 ,t4,a4,s4,j1 ,vol4 ,,xxi4 ,footnote #af3 ,comp>e ,sections ,,ix4 & ,,xxiii4 ( ! ,kojiki4 ,footnote #ag3 ,?is inde$ seems to be ! sub/ance ( ! mod]n (ficial expositions ( ,%9t & ! rec5t ,rescripts ( ! ,emp]or1 z well z ( mu* popul> lit]ature1 includ+ ! manife/oes or confessions f\nd on ! p]sons ( m5 :o h consecrat$ !mselves z ! in/rum5ts ( ,heav5 = puni%+ ! wick$1 i4e41 assass9at+ obnoxi\s /atesm54 ,see ,! ,anci5t ,religion1 ,m4,e41 pp4 #if-ajj2 ,! ,japan ,mail1 passim4 ,footnote #ah3 ,revival ( ,pure ,%9t1 pp4 #be-ch4 ,footnote #ai3 ,japanese ,homes1 by ,e4,s4 ,morse1 pp4 #bbh-bcc1 note1 p4 #hcb4 ,footnote #bj3 ,*amb]la9's ,a9o ,/udies1 p4 #ab4 ,footnote #ba3 ,geological ,survey ( ,japan1 by ,b5j4 ,s4 ,lyman1 #ahgh-i4 ,footnote #bb3 ,! ,%ell ,m\nds ( ,omori2 & ,! ,tokio ,times1 ,jan4 #ah1 #ahgi1 by ,edw>d ,s4 ,morse2 ,japanese ,fairy ,_w1 pp4 ,i#gh1 #aia1 #aif4 ,footnote #bc3 ,kojiki1 pp4 #fj-fc4 ,footnote #bd3 ,s4 & ,h41 pp4 #eh1 #ccg1 etc4 ,footnote #be3 ,?is /udy 9 comp>ative religion by a ,japanese1 :i* co/ ! le>n$ au?or 8 pr(essor%ip 9 ! ,ti-,koku ,dai ,gaku or ,imp]ial ,univ]sity 7lit4 ,!ocratic ,c\ntry ,great ,le>n+ ,place71 has _h a t5d5cy to *ill ! ardor ( native inve/igators4 ,8 pap] 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! ,hi/orical ,magaz9e ( ! ,univ]sity1 b ! wide publicity & popul> excitem5t foll[$ only aft] republication1 ) comm5ts by ,mr4 ,tagu*i1 9 ! ,kizai ,zas%i 7,economical ,j\rnal74 ,! ,%9ti/s d5\nc$ ,pr(essor ,kumi = mak+ our anci5t religion a bran* ( ,*ri/ianity1 & dem&$ & secur$ 8 retirem5t by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,see ,japan ,mail1 ,april #b1 #ahib1 p4 #ddj4 ,footnote #bf3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xxi41 p4 #bhb4 ,footnote #bg3 ,kojiki1 p4 xxviii4 ,footnote #bh3 ,= ! use ( salt 9 mod]n ,esot]ic ,%9t1 bo? 9 purification & = employm5t z ( salam&r9e1 see ,t4,a4,s4,j41 pp4 #abe1 #abh4 ,footnote #bi3 ,9 ! (ficial c5sus ( #ahic1 n9e ,%9t sects are nam$1 ea* ( :i* has its own ,kwan*o or ,presid+ ,head1 recogniz$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,! sect>ian peculi>ities ( ,%9t h be5 made ! subject ( /udy by v few =eign]s4 ,mr4 ,sat[ names ! foll[+3 ,! ,yui-itsu sect 0 f\nd$ by ,to%ida ,kan-tomo4 ,8 signature appe>s z ! end ( a t5-volume edition1 issu$ ,a4,d4 #aejc1 ( ! liturgies extract$ f ! ,y5gi%iki or ,book ( ,c]emonial ,law1 fir/ publi%$ 9 ! era ( ,y5gi 7or ,en-gi71 ,a4,d4 #ija-ibb4 ,he is suppos$ to be ! "o :o add$ ! kana1 or common v]nacul> script lett]s1 to ! ,*9ese text & ?us made ! norito accessible to ! p4 ,! little pocket pray]-books1 fold$ 9 an accordeon-l mann]1 are v *eap & popul>4 ,! sect is reg>d$ z h]etical by /rict ,%9ti/s1 z ! sy/em ,yuwiitsu consi/s ma9ly ( a ,buddhi/ sup]/ructure on a ,%9t f\ndation4 ,yo%ida appli$ ! t5ets ( ! ,%+on or ,true ,^w sect ( ,buddhi/s to ! und]/&+ & practice ( ! anci5t god-way4 ,! ,suiga sect tea*es a sy/em :i* is a comb9ation ( ,yuwiitsu & ( ! mod]n philosophical =m ( ,confucianism z elaborat$ by ,*u ,hi1 & kn[n 9 ,japan z ! ,ti-%u philosophy4 ,! f\nd] 0 ,yamazaki ,ansai1 :o 0 born 9 #afah & di$ 9 #afhb4 ,by comb9+ ! =ms ( ! ,yo%ida sect1 :i* is bas$ on ! ,buddhism ( ! ,%+on sect1 ) ! mat]iali/ic philosophy ( ,*u ,hi1 he adapt$ ! old god-way to :at he deem$ mod]n ne$s4 ,9 ! ,dgu*i sect1 ! anci5t belief is expla9$ by ! ,*9ese ,book ( ,*anges 7or ,div9ation74 ,dgu*i ,nobuyo%i1 ! f\nd]1 0 god-w>d5 or kannu%i ( ! ,giku or ,out] ,palace ,temple at ,is4 ,he promulgat$ 8 views ab\t ! ye> #affj1 bas+ !m ^u ! book call$ ki by ! ,japanese & ,yi-k+ by ! ,*9ese4 ,?is ,yi-k+1 :i* ,pr(essor ,t]ri5 de ,lae\porie decl>es is only a v anci5t book ( pronunciation ( comp>ative ,accadian & ,*9ese ,syllab>ies1 has be5 ! cause ( incr$ible wa/e ( labor1 "t1 & bra9s 9 ,*9a--en\gh to h dik$ ! ,yell[ ,riv] or dra9$ ! swamps ( ! ,empire4 ,x is ! *ief basis ( ,*9ese sup]/ition1 & ! greate/ lit]>y b>ri] to ! advance ( civilization4 ,x has also made mu* mis*ief 9 ,japan4 ,dgu*i expla9$ ! my?s ( ! age ( ! gods by div9ation or ki1 bas$ on ! ,*9ese books4 ,z late z #ahic !re 0 publi%$ 9 ,tki a "w 9 ,japanese1 ) good translation info ,engli%1 on ,sci5tific ,morality1 or ! practical guidance ( life by means ( div9ation--,! ,taka%ima kidan 7or ,monograph on ! ki ( ,mr4 ,taka%ima71 by ,s4 ,sugiura4 ,! ,jikko sect1 accord+ to its repres5tative at ! ,_w's ,p>liam5t ( ,religions at ,*icago1 is ! practical4 ,x lays /ress less ^u speculation & ritual1 & m ^u ! realization ( ! be/ tea*+s ( ,%9t4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by ,hasgawa ,kakugi1 :o 0 born at ,nagasaki 9 #aeda4 ,liv+ 9 a cave 9 ,fuji-yama1 he receiv$ inspiration ?r\gh ! miracul\s p[] ( ! m\nta94 ,x believes 9 "o absolute ,deity1 (t5 m5tion$ 9 ! ,kojiki1 :i*1 self-orig9at$1 took ! embodim5t ( two deities1 "o ) ! male nature & ! o!r female1 ?\gh ^! two deities are no?+ b =ms ( ! "o sub/ance & unite aga9 9 ! absolute deity4 ,^! gave bir? to ! ,japanese ,ar*ipelago1 ! sun & moon1 ! m\nta9s & /reams1 ! div9e ance/ors1 etc4 ,accord+ to ! tea*+s ( ?is sect1 ! pe]less m\nta91 ,fuji1 ought to be rev]5c$ z ! sacr$ abode ( ! div9e "l1 & z ! bra9s ( ! :ole globe4 ,! believ] mu/ make ,fuji ! example & emblem ( 8 ?\ght & action4 ,he mu/ be pla9 & simple1 z ! =m ( ! m\nta91 mak+ 8 body & m9d pure & s]5e1 z ,fuji itself4 ,! pres5t _w ) all its practical works mu/ be respect$ m ?an ! future _w4 ,we mu/ pray = ! long life ( ! c\ntry1 lead a life ( temp]ance & dilig5ce1 coop]at+ ) "o ano!r 9 do+ good4 99 99 99 99 99 ,/ati/ics ( ,%9tism4 ,f ! (ficial ,rsum ,/ati/ique de l',empire du ,japon1 #ahid4 ,9 #ahja !re 7 n9e adm9i/rative heads ( sects2 #ge1hgg prea*]s1 prie/s1 & %r9e-keep]s1 ) #a1aeh male & #bbh female /ud5ts4 ,!re 7 #afc national temples ( sup]ior rank & #acf1feb %r9es or temples 9 cities & prefectures2 a total ( #aic1aec1 s]v$ by #ad1gjj p]sons ( ! grade ( prie/s4 ,mo/ ( ! exp5ses1 ap>t f end[m5ts & local contributions1 are includ$ 9 ! fir/ item ( ! annual ,treasury ,budget1 ,civil ,li/1 ,appanage & ,%9t ,temples4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,*9ese ,,e?ical ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,japan ,footnote #a3 ,he 0 fond ( say+ t ,pr9ceton _h nev] orig9at$ a new idea2 b ?is meant no m ?an t ,pr9ceton 0 ! advocate ( hi/orical ,calv9ism 9 opposition to ! modifi$ & prov9cial ,calv9ism ( a lat] day4--,francis ,l4 ,patton1 9 ,s*aff-,h]zog ,encyclopdia1 ,article on ,*>les ,hodge4 ,footnote #b3 ,we use ,dr4 ,james ,legge's spell+1 by :om ^! classics h be5 translat$ into ,engli%4 ,see ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 edit$ by ,max ,mll]4 ,footnote #c3 ,! ,canon or ,f\r ,classics has a some:at v>i$ lit]>y hi/ory ( transmission1 collection1 & r$action1 z well z ( exposition1 & ( criticism1 bo? l[] & high]4 ,z arrang$ "u ! ,han ,dyna/y 7,b4,c4 #bjf-;,a4,d4 #bc7 x consi/$ (--,i4 ,! ,comm5t>y ( ,tso ,k9m+ 7a disciple :o exp\nd$ ,confucius's book1 ,! ,annals ( ,/ate ( ,lu72 ,,ii4 ,! ,comm5t>y ( ,kuh-liang ^u ! same "w ( ,confucius2 ,,iii4 ,! ,old ,text ( ! ,book ( ,hi/ory2 ,,iv4 ,! ,odes1 collect$ by ,mao ,*ang1 to :om is ascrib$ ! te/ ( ! ,odes z h&$ d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,! g5]ally accept$ arrangem5t is t made by ! m$iaeval s*oolm5 ( ! ,sung ,dyna/y 7,a4,d4 #ifj-acda71 ,*5g ,teh ,sio & ,*u ,hi1 9 ! twelf? c5tury3 ,i4 ,! ,great ,le>n+2 ,,ii4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,mean2 ,,iii4 ,conv]sations ( ,confucius2 ,,iv4 ,! ,say+s ( ,m5cius4--,c4,r4,m41 pp4 #cjf-cji4 ,footnote #d3 ,see criticisms ( ,confucius z an au?or1 9 ,legge's ,religions ( ,*9a1 pp4 #add1 #ade4 ,footnote #e3 ,religions ( ,*9a1 by ,james ,legge1 p4 #adj4 ,footnote #f3 ,see ,article ,*9a1 by ! au?or1 ,cyclopa$ia ( ,political ,sci5ce1 ,*icago1 #ahha4 ,footnote #g3 ,?is subject is critically discuss$ by ,messrs4 ,sat[1 ,*amb]la91 & o!rs 9 _! writ+s on ,%9t & ,japanese hi/ory4 ,on ,japanese *ronology1 see ,japanese ,*ronological ,tables1 by ,william ,brams51 ,tki1 #ahhj1 & ,dr4 ,david ,murray's ,japan 7p4 #ie71 9 ! s]ies ,/ory ( ! ,nations1 ,new ,york4 ,footnote #h3 ,! absurd claim made by "s ,%9ti/s t ! ,japanese possess$ an orig9al native alphabet call$ ! ,%+i 7god-lett]s7 be=e ! entrance ( ! ,*9ese or ,buddhi/ le>n+ 9 ,japan1 is refut$ by ,a/on1 ,japanese ,gramm>1 p4 #a2 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,app5dix1 p4 #gg4 ,mr4 ,sat[ %[s _! unmi/akable id5tity ) ! ,corean alphabet4 ,footnote #i3 ,= ! life1 "w1 & tombs ( ! ,*9ese s*ol>s :o fl$ to ,japan on ! fall ( ! ,m+ ,dyna/y1 see ,m4,e41 p4 #bih2 & ,pr(essor ,e4,w4 ,clem5t's pap] on ,! ,tokugawa ,pr9ces ( ,mito1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xviii41 & 8 lett]s 9 ,! ,japan ,mail4 ,footnote #aj3 ,we h consecrat$ ourselves z ! in/rum5ts ( ,heav5 = puni%+ ! wick$ man1--f ! docum5t submitt$ to ! ,y$o au?orities1 by ! assass9s ( ,ii ,kamon no ,kami1 9 ,y$o1 ,m>* #bc1 #ahfa1 & sign$ by sev5te5 m5 ( ! b&4 ,= num]\s o!r in/ances1 see ! volum9\s lit]ature ( ! ,=ty-sev5 ,rn9s1 & ! ,meiji political lit]ature 7#ahfh-ahic71 political & hi/orical docum5ts1 assass9s' confessions1 etc41 conta9$ 9 t !s>us ( valuable docum5ts1 ,! ,japan ,mail2 ,k9s ,%iriaku1 or ,brief ,hi/ory ( ,japan1 #ahec-ahfi1 ,yokohama1 #ahgc1 & ,nihon ,guai%i1 translat$ by ,mr4 ,erne/ ,sat[2 ,adams's ,hi/ory ( ,japan2 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xx41 p4 #ade2 ,life & ,lett]s ( ,yokoi ,hi%iro2 ,life ( ,sir ,h>ry ,p>kes1 ,london1 #ahic1 etc41 = pro( ( ?is ass]tion4 ,footnote #aa3 ,= pro( ( ?is1 z to vocabul>y1 see ,pr(essor ,b4,h4 ,*amb]la9's ,gramm>s & o!r philological works2 ,mr4 ,j4,h4 ,gubb9s's ,diction>y ( ,*9ese-,japanese ,words1 ) ,introduction1 ?ree vols41 ,tki #ahib2 & = *ange 9 /ructure1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,munz+]1 on ,! ,psy*ology ( ! ,japanese ,language 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,gorman ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan4 ,see also ,m5tal ,*>act]i/ics ( ! ,japanese1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xix41 pp4 #ag-cg4 ,footnote #ab3 ,see ,! ,gho/ ( ,sakura1 9 ,mitfoid's ,tales ( ,old ,japan1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #ag4 ,footnote #ac3 ,m4,e41 #bgg-bhj4 ,see an able analysis ( ,japanese feudal society1 by ,m4,f4 ,dick9s1 ,life ( ,sir ,h>ry ,p>kes1 pp4 #h-ac2 ,m4,e41 pp4 #bgg-bhc4 ,footnote #ad3 ,?is subject is discuss$ 9 ,pr(essor ,*amb]la9's works2 ,mr4 ,p]cival ,l[ell's ,! ,s\l ( ! ,f> ,ea/2 ,dr4 ,m4,l4 ,gordon's ,an ,am]ican ,mission>y 9 ,japan2 ,dr4 ,j4,h4 ,de ,=e/'s ,! ,influ5ce ( ,pan!ism1 9 ,! ,japan ,evangeli/1 #ahid4 ,footnote #ae3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 p4 #if4 ,footnote #af3 ,! ,=ty ,sev5-,rn9s1 ,tales ( ,old ,japan1 ,vol4 ,i42 ,*iu%iugura1 by ,f4,v4 ,dick5s2 ,! ,loyal ,rn9s1 by ,edw>d ,greey2 ,*iu%iugura1 translat$ by ,en\y4 ,footnote #ag3 ,see ,dr4 ,j4,h4 ,de ,=e/'s article 9 ! ,&ov] ,review1 ,may1 ,june1 #ahic1 p4 #cji4 ,= details & in/ances1 see ! ,japanese hi/ories1 novels1 & dramas2 ,m4,e42 ,re9's ,japan2 ,s4 & ,h42 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 etc4 ,life ( ,sir ,h>ry ,p>kes1 p4 #aa et passim4 ,footnote #ah3 ,m4,e4 pp4 #ahj-aib1 #dai4 ,= ! orig9 & mean+ ( h>a-kiri1 see ,t4,j41 pp4 #aii-bja2 ,mit=d's ,tales ( ,old ,japan1 ,vol4 ,i41 ,app5dix2 ,adams's ,hi/ory ( ,japan1 /ory ( ,%imadz4 ,footnote #ai3 ,m4,e41 p4 #acc4 ,footnote #bj3 ,= light ^u ! /atus ( ! ,japanese family1 see ,f4,o4 ,adams's ,hi/ory ( ,japan1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #chd2 ,k9s ,%iriaku1 p4 #acg2 ,naomi ,tamura1 ,! ,japanese ,bride1 ,new ,york1 #ahic2 ,e4,h4 ,h\se1 ,yon ,santo1 ,a ,*ild ( ,japan1 ,*icago1 #ahhh2 ,japanese ,girls & ,wom51 by ,miss ,a4,m4 ,bacon1 ,bo/on1 #ahia2 ,t4,j41 ,article ,woman1 & 9 ,index1 ,adoption1 ,*ildr51 etc42 ,m4,e41 #a/ ed41 p4 #ehe2 ,m>riage 9 ,japan1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xiii41 p4 #aad2 & pap]s 9 ! ,g]man ,asiatic ,society ( ,japan4 ,footnote #ba3 ,see ,mr4 ,f4,w4 ,ea/lake's pap]s 9 ! ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly4 ,footnote #bb3 ,see ,life ( ,sir ,h>ry ,p>kes1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #aha-ahb4 ,x is to be fe>$1 h[ev]1 t ?is re=m ( ! ,yo%iw>a sy/em1 l _m o!rs 9 ,japan1 nev] got beyond pap]1 = ,mr4 ,norman 9 8 rec5t book1 ,! ,real ,japan ,*ap4 ,,xii41 describes a sc>cely modifi$ sy/em 9 full vigor4 ,see also ,japanese ,girls & ,wom51 pp4 #bhi-bib4 ,footnote #bc3 ,see ,pung ,kwang ,yu's pap]1 read at ! ,p>liam5t ( ,religions 9 ,*icago1 & ,! ,*9ese z ,pa9t$ by ,!mselves1 by ,colonel ,t*5g-,ki-,tong1 ,new ,york & ,london1 #ahhe4 ,dr4 ,w4,a4,p4 ,m>t9's s*ol>ly book1 ,! ,*9ese1 ,new ,york1 #ahha1 9 ! *apt] ,rem>ks on ! ,e?ical ,philosophy ( ! ,*9ese1 gives 9 ,engli% & ,*9ese a ,*>t ( ,*9ese ,e?ics 9 :i* ! :ole s*eme ( philosophy1 e?ics1 & self-culture is set =?4 ,footnote #bd3 ,see an exce$+ly cle>1 able1 & accurate article on ,! ,e?ics ( ,confucius z ,se5 9 ,japan1 by ! vet]an s*ol>1 ,rev4 ,j4,h4 ,de ,=e/1 ,! ,&ov] ,review1 ,may1 ,june1 #ahic4 ,he is ! au?ority = ! /atem5ts conc]n+ non-att5dance 79 ,old ,japan7 ( ! husb& at ! wife's1 & old] bro!r at y\ng] bro!r's fun]al4 ,footnote #be3 ,a ,japanese translation ( ,mrs4 ,caudle's ,curta9 ,lectures1 9 a ,tki morn+ newspap] met ) in/ant & univ]sal approval1 %[+ t ,d\glas ,j]rold's _w-fam\s "* has h] c\nt]p>t 9 ,japan1 :]e1 z a ,japanese prov]b decl>es1 ! tongue ?ree in*es long c kill a man six feet high4 ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold & ,mr4 ,e4,h4 ,h\se1 9 v>i\s writ+s1 h idealiz$ ! admirable traits ( ! ,japanese woman4 ,see also ,mr4 ,lafcadio ,he>n's ,glimpses ( ,unfamili> ,japan1 ,bo/on1 #ahid2 & pap]s 7,! ,et]nal ,fem99e1 etc471 9 ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly4 ,footnote #bf3 ,summ>y ( ! ,japanese ,p5al ,codes1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,v41 ,"p ,,ii42 ,! ,p5al ,code ( ,japan1 & ,! ,code ( ,crim9al ,proc$ure ( ,japan1 ,yokohama4 ,footnote #bg3 ,see ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xiii41 p4 #aad2 ! ,*apt] on ,m>riage & ,divorce1 9 ,japanese ,girls & ,wom51 pp4 #eg-hd4 ,! foll[+ figures are f ! ,rsum ,/ati/ique de ,l',empire du ,japon1 publi%$ annually by ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t3 ,,m>riages4 ,,divorces4 ,numb]4 ,p] #a1jjj ,numb]4 ,p] #a1jjj ,p]sons4 ,p]sons4 #ahhg4444ccd1adi #h4ee #aaj1hei #b4hd #ahhh4444ccj1bdf #h4cd #aji1age #b4gf #ahhi4444cdj1dde #h4ej #ajg1deh #b4fh #ahij4444cbe1ada #h4jd #aig1jhh #b4gj #ahia4444ceb1jea #h4jj #aab1daa #b4gf #ahib4444cdh1dhi #h4dh #aac1dih #b4gf ,footnote #bh3 ,?is 0 /rik+ly br\ght out 9 ! hundr$s ( ,engli% compositions 7writt5 by /ud5ts ( ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity1 #ahgb-gd1 describ+ ! home or individual life ( /ud5ts71 exam9$ & read by ! au?or4 ,footnote #bi3 ,homo sum3 humani nil a me ali5um puto--,hauton ,tomor\m5os1 ,act--1 ,sc5e #a1 l9e #be1 :]e ,*remes inquires ab\t 8 neighbor's affairs4 ,= ! gold5 rule ( ,jesus & ! silv] rule ( ,confucius1 see ,doolittle's ,social ,life ( ! ,*9ese4 ,footnote #cj3 ,:at y d n want done to y\rselves1 d n d to o!rs4 ,legge1 ,! ,religions ( ,*9a1 p4 #acg2 ,doolittle's ,social ,life ( ! ,*9ese2 ,! ,te/am5t ( ,iyyas21 ,cap4 ,,lxxi41 translat$ by ,j4,c4 ,l[d]1 ,yokohama1 #ahgd4 ,footnote #ca3 ,die politis*e ,b$eutung d] am]ikanis*] ,exp$ition na* ,japan1 #aheb1 by ,tetsut>o ,yo%ida1 ,heidelb]g1 #ahic2 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,japan 7p4 #ci71 by ,inazo ,nitob1 ,baltimore1 #ahia2 ,mat!w ,calbrai? ,p]ry1 ,*ap4 ,,xxviii42 ,t4,j41 ,article ,p]ry2 ,life & ,lett]s ( ,s4 ,wells ,williams1 ,new ,york1 #ahhi4 ,footnote #cb3 ,see ,life ( ,mat!w ,calbrai? ,p]ry1 pp4 #cfc1 #cfd4 ,footnote #cc3 ,lee's ,j]usalem ,illu/rat$1 p4 #hh4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,confucianism ,,9 ,,its ,,philosophical ,,=m ,footnote #a3 ,see ,on ! ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+ 9 ,japan1 by ,e4,m4 ,sat[1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,x41 pp4 #a-hc1 #beb-bei2 ,! ,jesuit ,mission ,press 9 ,japan1 by ,e4,m4 ,sat[ 7privately pr9t$1 #ahhh71 & ,review ( ?is monograph by ,pr(essor ,b4,h4 ,*amb]la91 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 pp4 #ia-ajj4 ,footnote #b3 ,! ,tokugawa ,pr9ces ( ,mito1 by ,erne/ ,w4 ,clem5t1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xviii41 pp4 #a-bd1 & ,lett]s 9 ,! ,japan ,mail1 #ahhi4 ,footnote #c3 ,effect ( ,buddhism on ! ,philosophy ( ! ,sung ,dyna/y1 p4 #cah1 ,*9ese ,buddhism1 by ,rev4 ,j4 ,edk9s1 ,bo/on1 #ahhj4 ,footnote #d3 ,c4,r4,m41 p4 #bjj2 ,! ,middle ,k+dom1 by ,s4 ,wells ,williams1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #agd4 ,footnote #e3 ,c4,r4,m41 p4 #cd4 ,he 0 ! boy-h]o1 :o sma%$ ) a /one ! preci\s wat]-vase 9 ord] to save f dr[n+ a playmate :o _h tumbl$ 91 s (t5 repres5t$ 9 ,*9ese popul> art4 ,footnote #f3 ,c4,r4,m41 pp4 #be-bf2 ,! ,middle ,k+dom1 ,vol4 ,i41 pp4 #aac1 #edj1 #feb-fed1 #fgg4 ,footnote #g3 ,?is decade 9 ,*9ese hi/ory 0 a/oni%+ly l t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f #ahhd to #ahid1 9 :i* ! economical !ories advocat$ 9 c]ta9 j\rnals1 9 ! books ,progress & ,pov]ty1 ,look+ ,backw>d1 & by ! ,populi/s1 h be5 s widely read & discuss$1 & ! attempts made to put !m into practice4 ,! ,*9ese !ori/ ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ,wang ,ngan-%ih 0 a poet & au?or ( r>e g5ius4--,c4,r4,m41 p4 #bdd4 ,footnote #h3 ,john xxi4 #be4 ,footnote #i3 ,?is is ! op9ion ( no less capable judges ?an ,dr4 ,george ,wm4 ,knox & ,pr(essor ,basil ,hall ,*amb]la94 ,footnote #aj3 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,japan1 pp4 #be-bg2 ,life ( ,takano ,*oyi by ,kato ,sakay1 ,tki1 #ahhh4 ,footnote #aa3 ,note on ,japanese ,s*ools ( ,philosophy1 by ,t4 ,haga1 & pap]s by ,dr4 ,g4,w4 ,knox1 ,dr4 ,t4 ,in\1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xx1 ,"p ,i4 ,footnote #ab3 ,a religion1 surely1 ) m5 l ,yokoi ,hi%iro4 ,footnote #ac3 ,see pp4 #aaj-aac4 ,footnote #ad3 ,k9no--loyalty to ! ,emp]or2 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xx41 p4 #adg4 ,footnote #ae3 ,orig9ally recogniz+ ! exi/5ce ( a ,supreme p]sonal ,deity1 x ,confucianism has deg5]at$ into a pan!i/ic m$ley1 & r5d]s wor%ip to an imp]sonal anima mundi "u ! lead+ =ms ( visible nature4--,dr4 ,w4,a4,p4 ,m>t9's ,! ,*9ese1 p4 #ajh4 ,footnote #af3 ,ki1 ,ri1 & ,t51 ,dr4 ,george ,wm4 ,knox1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xx41 pp4 #aee-agg4 ,footnote #ag3 ,t4,j41 p4 #id4 ,footnote #ah3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xx41 p4 #aef4 ,footnote #ai3 ,mat!w ,calbrai? ,p]ry1 p4 #cgc2 ,japanese ,life ( ,yo%ida ,%o91 by ,tokutomi1 ,tki1 #ahid2 ,life ( ,sir ,h>ry ,p>kes1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #hc4 ,footnote #bj3 ,! ,*9ese accept ,confucius 9 e detail1 bo? z taught by ,confucius & by 8 disciples4444 ,! ,japanese recognize bo? religions ,buddhism & ,confucianism equally1 b ,confucianism 9 ,japan has a direct be>+ ^u ev]y?+ relat+ to human affairs1 especially ! extreme loyalty ( ! p to ! emp]or1 :ile ! ,koreans consid] x m useful 9 social matt]s ?an 9 any o!r dep>tm5t ( life1 & h>dly consid] its precepts 9 _! bus9ess & m]cantile relations4 ,al?\gh ,confucianism is c\nt$ a religion1 x is really a sy/em ( sociology4444 ,confucius 0 a morali/ & /atesman1 & 8 disciples are morali/s & economi/s4--,education 9 ,korea1 by ,mr4 ,pom ,k4 ,soh1 ( ! ,korean ,embassy to ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,report ( ,u4,s4 ,commission] ( ,education1 #ahij-ia1 ,vol4 ,i41 pp4 #cde-cdf4 ,footnote #ba3 ,9 ,bak91 :o is ! great tea*] ( ! ,japanese by means1 ( fiction1 ?is is ! idea always inculcat$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,buddhism ,,( ,,nor!rn ,,asia ,footnote #a3 ,see 8 ,introduction to ! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika1 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 & 8 ,buddhismus4 ,footnote #b3 ,orig9 & ,gr[? ( ,religion z ,illu/rat$ by ,buddhism2 ,non-,*ri/ian ,religi\s ,sy/ems--,buddhism4 ,footnote #c3 ,! sket* ( ,indian ?\ght "h foll[+ is dige/$ f mat]ial obta9$ f v>i\s works on ,buddhism & f ! ,hi/ories ( ,india4 ,see ! excell5t monograph ( ,rome% ,*und] ,dutt1 9 ,epo*s ( ,indian ,hi/ory1 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahic2 & ,outl9es ( ,! ,mahayana1 z ,taught by ,buddha 7= circulation among ! memb]s ( ! ,p>liam5t ( ,religions1 & di/ribut$ 9 ,*icago71 ,toki1 #ahic4 ,footnote #d3 ,dyaus-,pit>1 aft]w>d zeus patr4 ,see ,c5tury ,diction>y1 ,jupit]4 ,footnote #e3 ,yoga is ! root =m ( our ^w yoke1 :i* at once sugge/s ! union ( two 9 "o4 ,see ,yoga1 9 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,footnote #f3 ,dutt's ,hi/ory ( ,india4 ,footnote #g3 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 ! simple primitive n>rative ( ,gautama's exp]i5ces 9 atta9+ ,buddhahood1 & ! ri*ly embroid]$ /ory curr5t 9 lat] ages1 may be se5 by read+1 fir/1 ,atk9son's ,pr9ce ,sid>?a1 ! ,japanese ,buddha1 & !n ,arnold's ,light ( ,asia4 ,see also ,s4 & ,h41 ,introduction1 pp4 #gj-hd1 etc4 ,atk9son's book is refre%+ read+ aft] ! expurgation & sublimation ( ! same !me 9 ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold's ,light ( ,asia4 ,footnote #h3 ,rome% ,*und] ,dutt's ,anci5t ,india1 p4 #ajj4 ,footnote #i3 ,orig9 & ,gr[? ( ,religion by ,t4 ,rhys ,davids1 p4 #bh4 ,footnote #aj3 ,job i4 #f1 ,hebrew4 ,footnote #aa3 ,orig9 & ,gr[? ( ,religion1 p4 #bi4 ,footnote #ab3 ,buddhism s f> f trac+ 'all ?+s' to 'matt]' z _! orig9al1 d5ies ! reality ( matt]1 b x n[h]e d5ies ! reality ( exi/5ce4--,! ,pho5ix1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #aef4 ,footnote #ac3 ,see ,a ,ye> among ! ,p]sians1 by ,edw>d ,g4 ,br[ne1 ,london1 #ahic4 ,footnote #ad3 ,dutt's ,hi/ory ( ,india1 pp4 #aec-aef4 ,see also ,mozoomd>'s ,! ,_s ( ,god1 p4 #cje4 ,buddhism1 ?\gh = a long "t x supplant$ ! p>5t sy/em1 0 ! fulfilm5t ( ! prophecy ( univ]sal peace1 :i* ,h9duism _h made2 & :51 9 its turn1 x 0 outgr[n by ! in/9cts ( ! ,aryans1 x _h to leave ,india inde$ =ev]1 b x contribut$ q z mu* to ,indian religion z x _h ev] borr[$4 ,footnote #ae3 ,korean ,repository1 ,vol4 ,i41 pp4 #aja1 #aca1 #aec2 ,siebold's ,nippon1 ,ar*iv2 ,report ( ! ,u4,s4 ,commission] ( ,education1 #ahij-ia1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #cdf2 ,dallet's ,hi/oire de l'glise de ,core1 ,vol4 #a41 ,introd41 p4 cxlv42 ,corea1 ! ,h]mit ,nation1 p4 #cca4 ,footnote #af3 ,see ,brian ,h4 ,hodgson's ,! ,lit]ature & ,hi/ory ( ! ,buddhi/s1 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,asiatic ,society ( ,b5gal1 :i* is epitomiz$ 9 ,! ,pho5ix1 ,vol4 ,i42 ,beal's ,buddhism 9 ,*9a1 ,*ap4 ,,ii42 ,t4 ,rhys ,davids's ,buddhism1 etc4 ,to ,brian ,h\ghton ,hodgson1 7( ^: dea? at ! ripe age ( n9ety-?ree ye>s we read 9 ,luzac's ,ori5tal ,li/7 m ?an to any "o writ]1 are we indebt$ = our k ( ,nor!rn or ,mahayana ,buddhism4 ,footnote #ag3 ,see ! v accurate1 cle>1 & full def9itions & explanations 9 ,! ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,footnote #ah3 ,?is subject is fully discuss$ by ,pr(essor ,t4 ,rhys ,davids 9 8 compact ,manual ( ,buddhism4 ,footnote #ai3 ,see ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,footnote #bj3 ,jap4 ,mon-ju4 ,"o ( ! mo/ fam\s images ( ?is ,bodhisattva is at ,z5k-ji1 ,nagano4 ,see ,k]n's ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika1 p4 #h1 & ! _m ref]5ts to ,manjusri 9 ! ,index4 ,t ,manjusri 0 ! leg5d>y civiliz] ( ,nepaul seems probable f ! foll[+ extract f ,brian ,hodgson3 ,! ,swayambhu ,purana relates 9 sub/ance z foll[s3 ,t =m]ly ! valley ( ,nepaul 0 ( circul> =m1 & full ( v deep wat]1 & t ! m\nta9s conf9+ x 7 clo!d ) ! d5se/ =e/s1 giv+ %elt] to numb]less birds & bea/s4 ,c\ntless wat]f[l rejoic$ 9 ! wat]s4444 444 ,vipasyi1 hav+ ?rice circumambulat$ ! lake1 seat$ himself 9 ! ,n4,w4 7,vyubona7 side ( x1 &1 hav+ repeat$ sev]al mantras ov] ! root ( a lotos1 he ?rew x into ! wat]1 exclaim+1 ',:at "t ?is root %all produce a fl[]1 !n1 f out ( ! fl[]1 ,swayambhu1 ! ,"l ( ,agni%?a ,bhuvana1 %all be reveal$ 9 ! =m ( flame2 & !n %all ! lake become a cultivat$ & popul\s c\ntry4' ,hav+ repeat$ ^! words1 ,vipasyi dep>t$4 ,long aft] ! date ( ?is prophecy1 x 0 fulfill$ accord+ to ! lett]4444 444 ,:5 ! lake 0 dessicat$ 7by ! sword ( ,manjusri says ! my?--probably e>?quake7 ,k>kotaka _h a f9e tank built = him to dwell 92 & !re he is /ill wor%ipp$1 also 9 ! cave-temple app5dant to ! great ,buddhi/ %r9e ( ,swayambhu ,na?4444 444 ,! ,bodhisatwa above allud$ to is ,manju ,sri1 ^: native place is v f> (f1 t[>ds ! nor?1 & is call$ ,pan*a ,sir%a ,p>vata 7:i* is situat$ 9 ,maha ,*9a ,des74 ,aft] ! com+ ( ,viswabhu ,buddha to ,naga ,vasa1 ,manju ,sri1 m$itat+ ^u :at 0 pass+ 9 ! _w1 discov]$ by means ( 8 div9e sci5ce t ,swayambhu-jyotirupa1 t is1 ! self-exi/5t1 9 ! =m ( flame1 0 reveal$ out ( a lotos 9 ! lake ( ,naga ,vasa4 ,aga91 he reflect$ )9 himself3 ',let me behold t sacr$ spot1 & my "n w long be celebrat$ 9 ! _w2' & on ! in/ant1 collect+ toge!r 8 disciples1 compris+ a multitude ( ! peasantry ( ! l&1 & a ,raja nam$ ,dh>mak>1 he assum$ ! =m ( ,viswak>ma1 & ) 8 two ,devis 7wives7 & ! p]sons above-m5tion$1 set out ^u ! long j\rney f ,sir%a ,p>vata to ,naga ,vasa4 ,!re hav+ arriv$1 & hav+ made puja to ! self-exi/5t1 he began to circumambulate ! lake1 besee*+ all ! :ile ! aid ( ,swayambhu 9 pray]4 ,9 ! second circuit1 :5 he _h rea*$ ! c5tral b>ri] m\nta9 to ! s\?1 he became satisfi$ t t 0 ! be/ place :]eat to draw (f ! wat]s ( ! lake4 ,imm$iately he /ruck ! m\nta9 ) 8 scimit>1 :5 ! sund]$ rock gave passage to ! wat]s1 & ! bottom ( ! lake became dry4 ,he !n desc5d$ f ! m\nta91 & began to walk ab\t ! valley 9 all directions4--,! ,pho5ix1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 pp4 #adg-adh4 ,footnote #ba3 ,jap4 ,kwannon1 god or goddess ( m]cy1 9 8 or h] manifold =ms1 ,?\s&-h&$1 ,elev5-fac$1 ,horse-head$1 ,holy1 etc4 ,footnote #bb3 ,or1 ,! ,lotus ( ! ,good ,law1 a my/ical "n = ! cosmos4 ,! good law is made pla9 by fl[]s ( rhetoric4 ,see ,b]n\f & ,k]n's translations1 & ,edk9's ,*9ese ,buddhism1 pp4 #dc1 #bad4 ,translations ( ?is "w1 s influ5tial 9 ,japanese ,buddhism1 exi/ 9 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 & ,engli%4 ,see ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 ,vol4 ,,xxi41 by ,pr(essor ,h4 ,k]n1 ( ,leyd5 ,univ]sity4 ,9 ! ,introduction1 p4 xxxix41 ! translator discusses age1 au?or%ip1 editions1 etc4 ,bunyiu ,nanjio's ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! ,twelve ,japanese ,buddhi/ ,sects1 pp4 #acb-acd4 ,beal 9 8 ,cat5a ( ,buddhi/ ,scriptures1 pp4 #chi-cif1 has translat$ ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,footnote #bc3 ,at ! great ,z5kji1 a temple ( ! ,t5dai sect1 at ,nagano1 ,japan1 d$icat$ to ?ree ,buddhi/ div9ities1 "o ( :om is ,kwannon 7,avalokitesv>a1 ! raft]s ( ! va/ ma9 hall are said to numb] #fi1chd1 9 ref]5ce to ! numb] ( ,*9ese *>act]s conta9$ 9 ! translation ( ! ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika4 ,footnote #bd3 ,! ?ird 7collection ( ! ,tripitaka7 0 444 made by ,manjusri & ,maitreya4 ,?is is ! collection ( ! ,mahayana books4 ,?\gh x is z cle> or bright z ! sun at midday yet ! m5 ( ! ,h9ayana are n a%am$ ( _! inability to "k !m & speak evil ( !m in/ead1 j z ! ,confuciani/s call ,buddhism a law ( b>b>ians1 )\t read+ ! ,buddhi/ books at all4--,b4,n41 p4 #ea4 ,footnote #be3 ,see ! writ+s ( ,brian ,hodgson1 ,j4 ,edk9s1 ,e4,j4 ,eitel1 ,s4 ,beal1 ,t4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,bunyiu ,nanjio1 etc4 ,footnote #bf3 ,see ,*apt] ,,viii4 9 ,t4 ,rhys ,davids's ,buddhism1 a book ( great s*ol>%ip & m>vell\s cond5sation4 ,footnote #bg3 ,davids's ,buddhism1 p4 #bjf4 ,o!r illu/rations ( ! gr[? ( ! dogmas ( ?is s*ool ( ,buddhism we select f ,brian ,hodgson's writ+s4 #a4 ,! l9e ( division betwe5 ,god & man1 & betwe5 gods & man1 0 remov$ by ,buddhism4 ,g5u9e ,buddhism nev] seems to contemplate any measures ( acceptance ) ! deity2 b1 ov]leap+ ! b>ri] betwe5 f9ite & inf9ite m9d1 urges its foll[]s to aspire by _! own ef=ts to t div9e p]fectibility ( :i* x tea*es t man is capable1 & by atta9+ :i* man becomes ,god--& ?us is expla9$ bo? ! quiesc5ce ( ! imag9>y cele/ial1 & ! pl5>y omnipot5ce ( ! real ,manu%i ,buddhas--?us1 too1 we mu/ acc\nt = ! fact t g5u9e ,buddhism has no prie/hood2 ! sa9t despises ! prie/2 ! sa9t scorns ! aid ( m$iators1 :e!r on e>? or 9 heav52 'conqu] 7exclaims ! adept or ,buddha to ! novice or ,bodhi,sattwa7--conqu] ! importunities ( ! body1 urge y\r m9d to ! m$itation ( ab/raction1 & y %all1 9 "t1 discov] ! great secret 7,sunyata7 ( nature3 "k ?is1 & y become1 on ! in/ant1 :atev] prie/s h feign$ ( ,godhead--y become id5tifi$ ) ,prajna1 ! sum ( all ! p[] & all ! wisdom :i* su/a9 & gov]n ! _w1 & :i*1 z !y are manife/$ out ( matt]1 mu/ belong solely to matt]2 n inde$ 9 ! gross & palpable /ate ( pravritti1 b 9 ! ar*etypal & pure /ate ( nirvritti4 ,put (f1 !re=e1 ! vile1 pravrittika necessities ( ! body1 & ! no less vile affections ( ! m9d 7,tapas72 urge y\r ?\ght into pure ab/raction 7,dhyana71 & !n1 z assur$ly y c1 s assur$ly y %all1 atta9 to ! wisdom ( a ,buddha 7,bodhijnana71 & become associat$ ) ! et]nal unity & re/ ( nirvritti4'--,! ,pho5ix1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #aid4 #b4 ,a specim5 ( esot]ic & exot]ic ,buddhism2--! ,buddha ,tatkagata4 ,& z ! wisdom ( man is1 9 its orig91 b an efflu5ce ( ! ,supreme wisdom 7,prajn7 ( nature1 s is x p]fect$ by a reflu5ce to its s\rce1 b )\t loss ( individuality2 :5ce ,prajna is feign$ 9 ! exot]ic sy/em to be bo? ! "m & ! wife ( all ! ,buddhas1 'janani s>va ,buddknm1' & ',j9a-sund>y2' = ! efflux is typifi$ by a bir?1 & ! reflux by a m>riage4 ,! ,buddha is ! adept 9 ! wisdom ( ,buddhism 7,bodhijnna7 ^: fir/ duty1 s long z he rema9s on e>?1 is to communicate 8 wisdom to ^? :o are will+ to receive x4 ,^! will+ le>n]s are ! ',bodhisattwas1' s call$ f _! he>ts be+ incl9$ to ! wisdom ( ,buddhism1 & ',sanghas1' f _! companion%ip ) "o ano!r1 & ) _! ,buddha or tea*]1 9 ! ,vihras or co5obitical e/abli%m5ts4 ,& su* is ! esot]ic int]pretation ( ! ?ird 7& inf]ior7 memb] ( ! ,prajniki ,triad4 ,! ,bodhisattwa or ,sangha cont9ues to be su* until he has surm\nt$ ! v la/ grade ( t va/ & labori\s asc5t by :i* he is in/ruct$ t he c 'scale ! heav5s1' & pluck immortal wisdom f its respl5d5t s\rce3 :i* a*ievem5t p]=m$1 he becomes a ,buddha1 t is1 an ,omnisci5t ,be+1 & a ,ta?gata--a title imply+ ! accompli%m5t ( t gradual increase 9 wisdom by :i* man becomes immortal or ceases to be subject to transmigration4--,! ,pho5ix1 ,vol4 ,i41 pp4 #aid1 #aie4 #c4 ,is ,god all1 or is all ,god8 ,:at t gr& secret1 t ultimate tru?1 t s+le reality1 is1 :e!r all is ,god1 or ,god is all1 seems to be ! sole proposition ( ! ori5tal philosophic religioni/s1 :o h all alike s\ght to discov] x by tak+ ! high priori road4 ,t ,god is all1 appe>s to be ! preval5t dogmatic det]m9ation ( ! ,brahmani/s2 t all is ,god1 ! pref]5tial b sceptical solution ( ! ,buddhi/s2 &1 9 a l>ge view1 ,i believe x w\ld be difficult to indicate any fur!r ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 _! !oretic sy/ems1 bo?1 z ,i conceive1 ! unque/ionable gr[? ( ! ,indian soil1 & bo? f\nd$ ^u transc5d5tal speculation1 conduct$ 9 ! v same /yle & mann]4--,! ,pho5ix1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #de4 #d4 ,buddha1 ,dh>ma1 & ,sangha4 ,9 a philosophical light1 ! prec$5ce ( ,buddha or ( ,dh>ma indicates ! !i/ic or a!i/ic s*ool4 ,) ! =m]1 ,buddha is intellectual ess5ce1 ! effici5t cause ( all1 & und]iv$4 ,dh>ma is mat]ial ess5ce1 ! pla/ic cause1 & und]iv$1 a co-equal biunity ) ,buddha2 or else ! pla/ic cause1 z be=e1 b dep5d5t & d]iv$ f ,buddha4 ,sangha is d]iv$ f1 & comp\nd$ (1 ,buddha1 & ,dh>ma1 is _! collective en]gy 9 ! /ate ( action2 ! imm$iate op]ative cause ( creation1 its type or its ag5t4 ,) ! latt] or a!i/ic s*ools1 ,dh>ma is ,diva natura1 matt] z ! sole entity1 inve/$ ) intr9sic activity & intellig5ce1 ! effici5t & mat]ial cause ( all4 ,buddha is d]ivative f ,dh>ma1 is ! active & intellig5t =ce ( nature1 fir/ put (f f x & !n op]at+ ^u x4 ,sangha is ! result ( t op]ation2 is embryotic creation1 ! type & sum ( all specific =ms1 :i* are spontane\sly evolv$ f ! union ( ,buddha ) ,dh>ma4--,! ,pho5ix1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #ab4 #e4 ,! mantra or sacr$ s5t5ce be/ kn[n 9 ! ,buddhadom & abroad4 ,amitbha is ! f\r? ,dhyani or cele/ial ,budda3 ,padma-pani 8 on & executive m9i/]4 ,padma-pani is ! praes5s ,divus & creator ( ! exi/+ sy/em ( worlds4 ,h5ce 8 id5tification ) ! ?ird memb] ( ! ,triad4 ,he is figur$ z a graceful y\?1 erect1 & be>+ 9 ei!r h& a lotos & a jewel4 ,! la/ circum/ance expla9s ! mean+ ( ! celebrat$ ,%adak%ri ,mantra1 or six-lett]$ invocation ( him1 viz41 ,om6 ,manipadme hom6 ( :i* s _m corrupt v]sions & m corrupt int]pretations h appe>$ f ,*9ese1 ,tibetan1 ,mongolian1 & o!r s\rces4 ,! mantra 9 "q is "o ( ?ree1 address$ to ! sev]al memb]s ( ! ,triad4 #a4 ,om s>va vidye hom4 #b4 ,om ,prajnye hom4 #c4 ,om mani-padme hom4 #a4 ,! my/ic tri=m ,deity is 9 ! all-wise 7,buddha74 #b4 ,! my/ic tri=m ,deity is 9 ,prajna 7,dh>ma74 #c4 ,! my/ic tri=m ,deity is 9 him ( ! jewel & lotos 7,sangha74 ,b ! praes5s ,divus1 :e!r he be ,augu/us or ,padma-pani1 is ev]y?+ ) ! _m4 ,h5ce ! notoriety ( ?is mantra1 :il/ ! o!rs are h>dly ev] he>d (1 & h ?us rema9$ unkn[n to our travell]s4--,! ,pho5ix1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #fd4 ,footnote #bh3 ,n9e c5turies aft] ,buddha1 ,maitreya 7,miroku or ,ji-%i7 came d[n f ! ,tu%ita heav5 to ! lecture-hall 9 ! k+dom ( ,ayodhya 7,a-ya-%a7 9 ,c5tral ,india1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,bodhisattva ,asamga 7,mu-jaku7 & disc\rs$ five ,sa/ras1 #a1 ,yoga-k>ya-bhumi-sa/ra 7,yu-ga-%i-ji-ron71 etc4444 ,aft] t1 ! two great ,sa/ra tea*]s1 ,asanga & ,vasub&hu 7,se-%971 :o 7 bro!rs1 compos$ _m ,sa/ras 7,ron7 & cle>$ up ! mean+ ( ! ,mahayana 7or ,great] ,vehicle1 canon ( ,nor!rn ,buddhism74--,b4,n41 p4 #cb4 ,footnote #bi3 ,buddhism1 ,t4 ,rhys ,davids1 pp4 #bjf-baa4 ,footnote #cj3 ,pray]-:eels 9 ,japan are us$ by ! ,t5dai & ,%+on sects1 b )\t writt5 pray]s atta*$1 & r z an illu/ration ( ! doctr9e ( cause & effect 7+wa72 ! pray]s be+ usually (f]$ to ,jizo ! m]ciful4--,s4 & ,h41 p4 #bi2 ,t4 ,j41 p4 #cfj4 ,footnote #ca3 ,= ?is see ,edk9s's ,*9ese ,buddhism2 ,eitel's ,?ree ,lectures1 & ,h&-book2 ,rev4 ,s4 ,beal's ,buddhism1 & ,a ,cat5a ( ,buddhi/ ,scriptures f ! ,*9ese2 ,! ,romantic ,leg5d ( ,sakya ,buddha1 f ! ,*9ese2 ,texts f ! ,buddhi/ canon commonly kn[n z ! ,dhammap$a2 ,notes on ,buddhi/ ,words & ,phrases1 ! ,*rysan!mum1 ,vol4 ,i42 ,! ,pho5ix1 ,vols4 ,i-,,iii4 ,see1 also1 a spirit$ sket* ( ,anci5t ,japan1 by ,fr$]ick ,victor ,dick9s1 9 ! ,life ( ,sir ,h>ry ,p>kes1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 pp4 #d-ad4 ,footnote #cb3 ,s4 & ,h41 pp4 #bhi1 #bic2 ,*amb]la9's ,h&-book = ,japan1 p4 #bbj2 ,summ]'s ,notes on ,osaka1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,vil1 p4 #chb2 ,buddhism1 & ,traditions ,conc]n+ its ,introduction into ,japan1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 p4 #gh4 ,footnote #cc3 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #cdd4 ,footnote #cd3 ,t4,j41 p4 #gc4 ,footnote #ce3 ,vairokana is ! fir/ or *ief ( ! five p]sonifications ( ,wisdom1 & 9 ,japan ! idol is especially noticeable 9 ! temples ( ! ,t5dai sect4--,! ,action ( ,vairokana1 or ! great doctr9e ( ! highe/ vehicle ( ! secret union1 etc41 ,b4,n41 p4 #ge4 ,footnote #cf3 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #cij2 ,b4,n41 p4 #bi4 ,footnote #cg3 ,h9duism /&s = philosophic spirituality & emotion1 ,buddhism = e?ics & humanity1 ,*ri/ianity = fulness ( ,god's inc>nation 9 man1 :ile ,mohamm$anism is ! *ampion ( uncompromis+ mono!ism4--,f4,p4,c4 ,mozoomd>'s ,! ,_s ( ,god1 ,bo/on1 #ahid1 p4 #cje4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,riy,,bu1 ,,or ,,mix$ ,,buddhism ,footnote #a3 ,is n some?+ simil> frankly attempt$ 9 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,joseph ,edk9s's ,! ,e>ly ,spread ( ,religi\s ,ideas 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ 7,london1 #ahic78 ,footnote #b3 ,m4,e41 p4 #beb2 ,honda ! ,samurai1 pp4 #aic-aid4 ,footnote #c3 ,see ,! ,lily ,among ,?orns1 ,a ,/udy ( ! ,biblical ,drama ,entitl$ ! ,song ( ,songs 7,bo/on #ahij71 9 :i* ?is subject is glanc$ at4 ,footnote #d3 ,see ,! ,religion ( ,nepaul1 ,buddhi/ ,philosophy1 & ! writ+s ( ,brian ,hodgson 9 ,! ,pho5ix1 ,vols4 ,i41 ,,ii41 ,,iii4 ,footnote #e3 ,see ,c5tury ,diction>y1 ,yoga2 ,edk9s's ,*9ese ,buddhism1 pp4 #afi-agd2 ,t4 ,rhys ,davids's ,buddhism1 pp4 #bjf-baa2 ,index ( ,b4,n41 "u ,vagrasattwa2 ,s4 & ,h41 pp4 #he-hg4 ,footnote #f3 ,t4,j41 p4 #bbf2 ,kojiki1 ,introduction4 ,footnote #g3 ,see 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 #ahic1 a v valuable pap] by ,mr4 ,l4,a4 ,waddell1 on ,! ,nor!rn ,buddhi/ ,my?ology1 epitomiz$ 9 ! ,japan ,mail1 ,may #e1 #ahid4 ,footnote #h3 ,see ,catalogue ( ,*9ese & ,japanese ,pa9t+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & ,! ,pictorial ,arts ( ,japan1 by ,william ,&]son1 ,m4,d4 ,footnote #i3 ,&]son's ,catalogue1 p4 #bd4 ,footnote #aj3 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #dae2 ,*amb]la9's ,h&-book = ,japan2 ,t4,j42 ,m4,e41 p4 #afb1 etc4 ,footnote #aa3 ,! names ( ,buddhi/ prie/s & monks are usually diff]5t f ^? ( ! laity1 be+ tak5 f ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,gautama1 or 8 orig9al disciples1 passages 9 ! sacr$ classics1 etc4 ,among "s p]sonal acqua9tances 9 ! ,japanese prie/hood 7 su* names z ,lift-!-,kettle1 ,take-,hold-(-!-,dipp]1 ,drivell+-,drunk>d1 etc4 ,9 ! rac9ess1 oddity1 lit]alness1 realism1 & close connection ( _! names ) ! scriptures ( _! sy/em1 ! ,buddhi/s q equal ! ,briti% ,puritans4 ,footnote #ab3 ,k]n's ,saddh>ma-,pund>ika1 pp4 #caa1 #cad2 ,davids's ,buddhism p4 #bjh2 ,! ,pho5ix1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #afi2 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #ejb2 ,du ,bose's ,dragon1 ,demon1 & ,image1 p4 #djg2 ,fuso ,mimi ,bukuro1 p4 #acd2 ,h\gh's ,corean ,collections1 ,wa%+ton1 #ahic1 p4 #dhj1 plate xxviii4 ,footnote #ac3 ,japan 9 ,hi/ory1 ,folk-lore & ,art1 pp4 #hf1 #hj-hh2 ,a ,japanese ,gramm>1 by ,j4,j4 ,h(fman1 p4 #aj2 ,t4,j41 pp4 #dfe-dgj4 ,footnote #ad3 ,?is is ! ess5ce ( ,buddhism1 & 0 = c5turies repeat$ & le>n$ by he>t ?r\gh\t ! empire3 ,love & enjoym5t disappe>1 ,:at 9 our _w endure? "h8 ,e'en %\ld ?is day x oblivion be roll$1 ',twas only a vision t leaves me cold4 ,footnote #ae3 ,?is leg5d sugge/s ! m$iaeval ,jewi% /ory1 t ,ezra1 ! scribe1 c\ld write ) five p5s at once2 ,he>n's ,glimpses ( ,unfamili> ,japan1 pp4 #bi-cc4 ,footnote #af3 ,brave ,little ,holl&1 & ,:at ,%e ,taught ,u1 p4 #abd4 ,footnote #ag3 ,t4,j41 pp4 #ge1 #cdb2 ,*amb]la9's ,h&-book = ,japan1 p4 #da2 ,m4,e41 p4 #afb4 ,footnote #ah3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #aja2 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #agf4 ,footnote #ai3 ,x 0 = lift+ ) 8 walk+-/ick ! curta9 hang+ be=e ! %r9e ( ?is ,kami t ,ar9ori ,mori1 =m]ly ,h4,i4,j4,m4 ,m9i/] at ,wa%+ton & ,london1 0 assass9at$ by a ,%9t fanatic1 ,febru>y #aa1 #ahhi2 ,t4 ,j41 p4 #bbi2 see ,p]cival ,l[ell's pap] 9 ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly4 ,footnote #bj3 ,see ,mr4 ,p4 ,l[ell's ,esot]ic ,%9t1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xxi1 pp4 #afe-afg1 & 8 ,occult ,japan4 ,footnote #ba3 ,s4 & ,h41 ,japan1 p4 #hc4 ,footnote #bb3 ,see ! ,au?or's ,introduction to ! ,arabian ,nights' ,ent]ta9m5ts1 ,bo/on1 #ahia4 ,footnote #bc3 ,b4,n41 ,index & pp4 #gh-ajc2 ,edk9s's ,*9ese ,buddhism1 p4 #afi4 ,footnote #bd3 ,sat['s or ,*amb]la9's ,guide-books furni% hundr$s ( o!r in/ances1 & describe temples 9 :i* ! r5am$ kami are wor%ipp$4 ,footnote #be3 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #gj4 ,footnote #bf3 ,m4,e41 pp4 #ahg1 #ahh2 ,s4 & ,h41 pp4 #aa1 #ab4 ,footnote #bg3 ,san ,kai ,ri 7,m\nta91 ,sea1 & ,l&74 ,?is "w1 recomm5d$ to me by a le>n$ ,buddhi/ prie/ 9 ,fukui1 ,i _h translat$ & read to me by a ,buddhi/ ( ! ,%9 ,%u sect4 ,9 l mann]1 ev5 ,*ri/ian writ]s 9 ,japan h occasionally endeavor$ to rationalize ! leg5ds ( ,%9t1 see ,kojiki1 p4 liii41 :]e ,mr4 ,t4 ,goro's ,%9t ,%9-ron is ref]r$ to4 ,i h to ?ank my fri5d ,mr4 ,c4 ,watanab1 ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 = read+ to me ,mr4 ,takaha%i's int]e/+ b unconv9c+ monographs on ,%9t & ,buddhism4 ,footnote #bh3 ,t4,j41 p4 #djb2 ,"s ,*9ese ,gho/s1 by ,lafcadio ,he>n1 p4 #abi4 ,footnote #bi3 ,s4 & ,h41 ,japan1 p4 #cig2 ,classical ,poetry ( ! ,japanese1 p4 #bja1 note4 ,footnote #cj3 ,! ,japanese ^w ,ry means bo?1 & is appli$ to ! eyes1 e>s1 feet1 ?+s correspond5t or 9 pairs1 etc42 bu is a t]m = a set1 k9d1 gr\p1 etc4 ,footnote #ca3 ,re91 p4 #dcb2 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xxi41 pp4 #bda-bgj2 ,t4,j41 p4 #cci4 ,footnote #cb3 ,! ,*rysan!mum1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #dja4 ,footnote #cc3 ,ev5 ! ,taktori ,monogat>i 7,! ,bamboo ,cutt]'s ,daught]71 ! olde/ & ! be/ ( ! ,japanese classic romances is 7at lea/ 9 ! text & =m n[ extant7 a w>p ( native ideas ) a wo( ( ,buddhi/ notions4 ,footnote #cd3 ,mr4 ,p]cival ,l[ell argues1 9 ,esot]ic ,%9t1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xxi41 t besides ! habit ( pilgrimages1 fire-walk+1 & god-possession1 o!r practices suppos$ to be ,buddhi/ic are ( ,%9t orig94 ,footnote #ce3 ,! native lit]ature illu/rat+ ,riybuism is n ext5sive4 ,mr4 ,erne/ ,sat[ 9 ! ,am]ican ,cyclopdia 7,japan3 ,lit]ature7 m5tions sev]al volumes4 ,! ,t5*i ,riki ,noko1 9 eighte5 books conta9s a mixture ( ,buddhism & ,%9t1 & is ascrib$ by "s to ,%toku & by o!rs to ,kb1 b n[ lit]>y critics ascribe ^!1 z well z ! books ,jimbetsuki & ,t5%oki1 to be mod]n =g]ies by ,buddhi/ prie/s4 ,! ,kogo%iui1 writt5 9 ,a4,d4 #hjg1 pr(esses to pres]ve fragm5ts ( anci5t tradition n record$ 9 ! e>li] books1 b ! ma9 object is t :i* lies at ! basis ( a va/ mass ( ,japanese lit]ature1 namely1 to prove ! au?or's own desc5t f ! gods4 ,! ,yuiitsu ,%9t ,miyoho ,yo%iu1 9 two volumes1 is design$ to prove t ,%9t & ,buddhism are id5tical 9 _! ess5ce4 ,inde$1 almo/ all ! treatises on ,%9t be=e ! sev5te5? c5tury ma9ta9$ ?is view4 ,c]ta9 books l ! ,%9t ,%u1 = c5turies popul>1 & well receiv$ ev5 by s*ol>s1 are n[ condemn$ on acc\nt ( _! confusion ( ! two religions4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ works :i* we h f\nd is ! ,san ,kai ,ri1 to :i* ref]5ce has be5 made4 ,footnote #cf3 ,t4,j41 p4 #bbd4 ,footnote #cg3 ,human life is b fifty ye>s1 ,japanese ,prov]b2 ,m4,e41 p4 #ajg4 ,footnote #ch3 ,*amb]la9's ,classical ,poetry ( ! ,japanese1 p4 #acj4 ,footnote #ci3 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #daf4 ,footnote #dj3 ,?+s ,*9ese1 by ,j4 ,dy] ,ball1 p4 #gj2 see also ,edk9s & ,eitel4 ,footnote #da3 ,! ,japan ,weekly ,mail ( ,april #bh1 #ahic1 translat+ & cond5s+ an article f ! ,bukky1 a ,buddhi/ newspap]1 gives ! results ( a ,japanese ,buddhi/ /ud5t's t\r ?r\gh ,*9a--,taoism prevails ev]y:]e4444 ,buddhism has decay$ & is almo/ dead4 ,footnote #db3 ,vaisramana is a ,deva :o gu>d$1 prais$1 f$ ) heav5ly food1 & answ]$ ! que/ions ( ! ,*9ese ,d-s5 7#fjh-ijg ,a4,d47 :o f\nd$ ! ,ris%u or ,v9aya sect4--,b4,n41 p4 #be4 ,footnote #dc3 ,&]son1 ,catalogue1 pp4 #bi-de4 ,footnote #dd3 ,"s ( ^? are pictur$ 9 ,aim ,humb]t's ,japon ,illu/r1 & f ! same pictures reproduc$ by electro-plates :i*1 f ,p>is1 h transmigrat$ = a :ole g5]ation ?r\gh ! *eap] books on ,japan1 9 e ,european language4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,nor!rn ,,buddhism ,,is ,,its ,,doctr9al ,,evolutions ,footnote #a3 ,on ! ,buddhi/ canon1 see ! writ+s ( ,beal1 ,sp5ce ,h>dy1 ,t4 ,rhys ,davids1 ,bunyiu ,nanjio1 etc4 ,footnote #b3 ,edk9s's ,*9ese ,buddhism1 pp4 #dc1 #ajh1 #bad2 ,classical ,poetry ( ! ,japanese1 p4 #agc4 ,footnote #c3 ,see ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xix41 ,"p ,i41 pp4 #ag-cg2 ,! ,s\l ( ! ,f> ,ea/2 & ! writ+s ( ,*amb]la91 ,a/on1 ,dick9s1 ,munz+]1 etc4 ,footnote #d3 ,mu* ( ! in=mation z to hi/ory & doctr9e conta9$ 9 ?is *apt] has be5 cond5s$ f ,mr4 ,bunyiu ,nanjio's ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! ,twelve ,japanese ,buddhi/ ,sects1 translat$ out ( ! ,japanese into ,engli%4 ,?is au?or1 besides visit+ ! old seats ( ! fai? 9 ,*9a1 /udi$ ,sanskrit at ,ox=d ) ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]1 & catalogu$ 9 ,engli% ! ,tripitaka or ,buddhi/ canon ( ,*9a & ,japan1 s5t to ,engl& by ! ambassador ,iwakura4 ,! n9e rev]5d g5tlem5 :o wrote ! *apt]s & introduction ( ! ,%ort ,hi/ory are ,messrs4 ,k-* ,ogurusu1 & ,%u-,zan ,emura ( ! ,%9 sect2 ,rev4 ,messrs4 ,%-h5 ,uda1 & ,dai-ryo ,taka%i1 ( ! ,%9-gon ,sect2 ,rev4 ,messrs4 ,gy-kai ,fukuda1 ,keu-k ,tsuji1 ,r5j ,akamatsu1 & ,z-jun ,kobaya%i ( ! ,j-d1 ,z51 ,%91 & ,ni*ir5 sects1 respectively4 ,?\gh execrably pr9t$1 & ! ,engli% only tol]able1 ! "w is invaluable to ! /ud5t ( ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,x has a hi/orical introduction & a ,sanskrit-,*9ese ,index1 #a vol41 pp4 #agb1 ,tki1 #ahhg4 ,sub/antially ! same "w1 translat$ into ,fr5*1 is ,le ,b\ddhisme ,japonais1 by ,ryauon ,fuji%ima1 ,p>is1 #ahhi4 ,sat[ & ,hawes's ,h&-book = ,japan has brief b valuable notes 9 ! ,introduction1 &1 l ,*amb]la9's cont9uation ( ! same "w1 is a /oreh\se ( illu/rative matt]4 ,edk9e's & ,eitel's works on ,*9ese ,buddhism h be5 v helpful4 ,footnote #e3 ,m4 ,abel ,remusat publi%$ a translation ( a ,*9ese ,pilgrim's travels 9 #ahcf2 ,m4 ,/anislais ,juli5 complet$ 8 volume on ,hi\5 ,?sang 9 #aheh2 & 9 #ahhd ,rev4 ,samuel ,beal issu$ 8 ,travels ( ,fah-,hian & ,sung-,yun1 ,buddhi/ ,pilgrims f ,*9a to ,india 7#djj ,a4,d4 & #eah ,a4,d474 ,! latt] "w conta9s a map4 ,footnote #f3 ,b4,n41 p4 #c4 ,footnote #g3 ,b4,n41 p4 #aa4 ,footnote #h3 ,?ree hundr$ & tw5ty million ye>s4 ,see ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,footnote #i3 ,see ! pap] ( ,rev4 ,%-h5 ,uda ( ! ,%+on sect1 9 ,b4,n41 pp4 #bj-ca2 & ,r4 ,fuji%ima's ,le ,b\ddhisme ,japonais1 pp4 xvi41 xvii41 f :i* mo/ ( ! in=mation "h giv5 has be5 d]iv$4 ,footnote #aj3 ,m4,e41 p4 #chc2 ,s4 & ,h41 pp4 #bc1 #cj4 ,! image ( ,b9zuru is f\nd 9 _m ,japanese temples to-day1 a fam\s "o be+ at ,asakusa1 9 ,tki4 ,he is ! suppos$ heal] ( all diseases4 ,! image becomes entirely rubb$ smoo? by devotees1 to ! ext+ui%m5t ( all features1 l9es1 & outl9es4 ,footnote #aa3 ,davids's ,buddhism1 pp4 #ahj1 #bjj2 ,s4 & ,h41 pp4 7#hg7 #chi1 #daf4 ,footnote #ab3 ,b4,n41 pp4 #cb-dc4 ,footnote #ac3 ,b4,n41 pp4 #dd-ef4 ,footnote #ad3 ,japanese ,fairy ,_w1 p4 #bhb2 ,&]son's ,catalogue1 pp4 l#jc-g4 ,footnote #ae3 ,b4,n41 p4 #fb4 ,footnote #af3 ,pf\ndes1 ,fuso ,mimi ,bukuro1 p4 #ajb4 ,footnote #ag3 ,b4,n41 p4 #eh4 ,see also ,! ,moni/ = ,janu>y1 #ahid1 p4 #afh4 ,footnote #ah3 ,ti5 ,tai1 a spot ab\nd+ 9 ,buddhi/ antiquities1 ! e>lie/1 & except ,puto ! l>ge/ & ri*e/ seat ( t religion 9 ea/]n ,*9a4 ,z a mona/ic e/abli%m5t x dates f ! f\r? c5tury4--,edk9s's ,*9ese ,buddhism1 pp4 #acg-adb4 ,footnote #ai3 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #hg4 ,see ! pap] read at ! ,p>liam5t ( ,religions by ! ,z5 bonze ,a%itsu ( ,hiyisan1 ! poem ( ,"r ,rev]5d ,%aku ,soy51 & ! pap] on ,! ,fundam5tal ,tea*+s ( ,buddhism1 9 ,! ,moni/ = ,janu>y1 #ahid2 ,japan ,z ,we ,saw ,x1 p4 #big4 ,footnote #bj3 ,see ,c5tury ,diction>y1 mantra4 ,footnote #ba3 ,see ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,ideas & ,symbols 9 ,japan3 9 ,hi/ory1 ,folk-lore1 & ,art4 ,buddhi/ tombs 7g-r97 consi/ ( a cube 7e>?71 sph]e 7wat]71 pyramid 7fire71 cresc5t 7w9d71 & flame-%ap$ /one 7e!r71 =m+ ! g-r9 or five-blossom tomb1 typify+ ! five elem5ts4 ,footnote #bb3 ,b4,n41 p4 #gh4 ,footnote #bc3 ,to put ?is dogma into intelligible ,engli% is1 z ,mr4 ,sat[ says1 m difficult ?an to compreh5d ! :ole doctr9e1 h>d z t may be4 ,dai ,ni*i ,ni-yorai 7,vairokana7 is expla9$ to be ! collectivity ( all s5ti5t be+s1 act+ ?r\gh ! m$iums ( ,kwan-non1 ,ji-z1 ,mon-ju1 ,%aka1 & o!r influ5ces :i* are popul>ly believ$ to be self-exi/5t deities4 ,9 ! diagram call$ ! eight-leaf enclosure1 by :i* ! my/]ies ( ,%+on are expla9$1 ,maha-,vairokana is 9 ! c5tre1 & on ! eight petals are su* names z ,amitabha1 ,manjusri1 ,maitreya1 & ,avalokitesv>a2 9 a ^w1 all are purely speculative be+s1 phantoms ( ! bra91 ! mu%rooms ( decay$ ,brahmanism1 & ! m\ld ( primitive ,buddhism dis9tegrat$ by s*ola/icism4 ,footnote #bd3 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #ca4 ,footnote #be3 ,b4,n41 p4 #aae4 ,footnote #bf3 ,"h let me add t 9 my /udies ( ori5tal & anci5t religion1 ,i h nev] f\nd "o real ,tr9ity1 ?\gh triads1 or tri-murti1 are common4 ,none ( ^! :5 c>efully analyz$ yield ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,buddhism ,,( ,,! ,,japanese ,footnote #a3 ,ta?agata is "o ( ! titles ( ! ,buddha1 mean+ ?us come1 i4e41 ,he comes br++ human nature z x truly is1 ) p]fect k & high intellig5ce1 & ?us manife/s himself4 ,amitabha is ! ,sanskrit ( ,amida1 or ! deification ( b\ndless light4 ,footnote #b3 ,b4,n41 p4 #ajd4 ,footnote #c3 ,lit]ally1 ,i yield to1 or ,i adore ! ,b\ndless or ! ,immeasurable ,buddha4 ,footnote #d3 ,a ,*9ese or ,japanese volume is mu* small] ?an ! av]age pr9t$ volume 9 ,europe4 ,footnote #e3 ,legacy ( ,iyyas1 ,section xxviii4 ,doctr9ally1 ?is fam\s docum5t1 writt5 probably long aft] ,iyyas's dea? & canonization z a gong51 is a mixture or ,riybu ( ,confucianism & ,buddhism4 ,footnote #f3 ,at fir/ glance a =cible illu/ration1 s9ce ! ,japanese prov]b decl>es t ,a sea-voyage is an in* ( hell4 ,& yet ! orig9al say+ ( ,ry-ju1 n[ prov]bial 9 ,buddhadom1 ref]r$ to ! ease ( sail+ ov] ! wat]1 comp>$ ) ! difficulty ( surm\nt+ ! ob/acles ( l& travel 9 c\ntries n yet fam\s = good roads4 ,see ,b4,n41 p4 #aaa4 ,footnote #g3 ,fuso ,mimi ,bukuro1 p4 #ajh2 ,descriptive ,notes on ! ,ros>ies z us$ by ! diff]5t ,sects ( ,buddhi/s 9 ,japan1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,ix41 pp4 #agc-ahb4 ,footnote #h3 ,b4,n41 p4 #abb4 ,footnote #i3 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #cfa4 ,footnote #aj3 ,s4 & ,h41 pp4 #ij-ib2 ,unbeat5 ,tracks 9 ,japan1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 pp4 #bdb-bec4 ,footnote #aa3 ,^! ?ree sutras are ^? mo/ 9 favor ) ! ,j-d sect also1 !y are describ$1 ,b4,n41 #ajd-ajf1 & _! t5ets are ref]r$ to on pp4 #bfj1 #bfa4 ,footnote #ab3 ,= mod]n /atem5ts ( ,%9 t5ets & practices1 see ,e4,j4 ,re$'s ,japan1 ,vol4 ,i41 pp4 #hd-hf2 ,! ,*rysan!mum1 ,april1 #ahha1 pp4 #aji-aae2 ,unbeat5 ,tracks 9 ,japan1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 #bdb-bdf2 ,b4,n41 #abb-aca4 ,edk9s's ,religion 9 ,*9a1 p4 #aec4 ,! ,*rysan!mum1 ,april1 #ahha1 p4 #aae4 ,footnote #ac3 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #cfa2 ,b4,n41 pp4 #aje1 #ajf4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! ,amitayus-dhyana sutra1 ,buddha says3 ,let n "o's voice cease1 b t5 times complete ! ?\ght1 & repeat ,namo'mitbhya ,buddhya 7,namu ,amida ,butsu7 or adoration to ,amitbha ,buddha4 ,footnote #ad3 ,m4,e41 pp4 #afd-aff4 ,footnote #ae3 ,s*aff's ,encyclopa$ia1 ,article1 ,buddhism4 ,footnote #af3 ,on ! ,t5ets ( ! ,%9 ,%iu1 or ,true ,sect ( ,buddhi/s1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xiv41 p4 #a4 ,footnote #ag3 ,! ,gobun%o1 or ,(umi1 ( ,r5ny ,%n91 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 pp4 #aja-adc4 ,footnote #ah3 ,at ! gorge\s s]vices 9 honor ( ! f\nd] ( ! great ,higa%i ,hongwanji ,we/]n ,temple ( ! ,orig9al ,v[ at ,asakusa1 ,tki1 ,novemb] #ba to #bh1 annually1 ! wom5 att5d we>+ a head-dress call$ horn-hid]1 :i* seems to h be5 nam$ 9 allusion to a ,buddhi/ text :i* says3 ,a woman's ext]ior is t ( a sa9t1 b h] he>t is t ( a demon4--,*amb]la9's ,h&-book = ,japan1 p4 #hb2 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 pp4 #ajf1 #ada2 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,ea/1 ,vol4 ,,xxi41 pp4 #bea-bed4 ,footnote #ai3 ,review ( ,buddhi/ ,texts f ,japan1 ,! ,nation1 ,no4 #hge1 ,april #f1 #ahhb4 ,! ,mahyna or ,great ,vehicle 7we might fairly r5d] x 'highfalut9'7 s*ool4444 ,fill$ z ^! c\ntries 7,tibet1 ,*9a1 ,japan7 are ) ,buddhi/ mona/]ies1 & prie/s1 & nom9al adh]5ts1 & ab\nd+ 9 volum9\s translations ( ! ,sanskrit ,buddhi/ic lit]ature1 little und]/ood & wellnigh un9telligible 7= nei!r c\ntry has _h ! indep5d5ce & m5tal =ce to produce a lit]ature ( its own1 or to add any?+ b a *apt] ( decay to ! hi/ory ( ?is religion74444 ,footnote #bj3 ,m4,e41 pp4 #afd1 #afe2 ,b4,n41 pp4 #acb-adg2 ,mit=d's ,tales ( ,old ,japan1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 pp4 #abe-acd4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,japanese ,,buddhism ,,9 ,,its ,,mission>y ,,developm5t ,footnote #a3 ,t4,j41 p4 #ga4 ,fur!r illu/rations ( ?is /atem5t may be f\nd 9 8 ,classical ,poetry ( ! ,japanese1 especially 9 ! ,selection & ,app5dices ( ?is book2 also 9 ,t4,r4,h4 ,mc,clatchie's ,japanese ,plays 7,v]sifi$71 ,london1 #ahij4 ,footnote #b3 ,see ,introduction to ! ,kojiki1 pp4 xxxii4-xxxiv41 & 9 ,bak9's novel illu/rat+ popul> ,buddhi/ beliefs1 translat$ by ,edw>d ,greey1 ,a ,captive ( ,love1 ,bo/on1 #ahhf4 ,footnote #c3 ,see jade 9 ,c5tury ,diction>y2 ,magatama1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 d n ev] appe> to h be5 f\nd 9 %ell heaps 7( ! aborig9al ,a9os71 ,milne's ,notes on ,/one ,implem5ts1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,viii41 p4 #ga4 ,footnote #d3 ,conc]n+ ?is leg5d>y1 & possibly my?ical1 episode1 :i* has s p[]fully influ5c$ ,japanese imag9ation & politics1 see ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 ,"p ,i41 pp4 #ci-ge2 ,m4,e41 pp4 #ge-he4 ,footnote #e3 ,see ,corea1 ! ,h]mit ,nation1 pp4 #a1 #b2 ,p]sian ,elem5ts 9 ,japanese ,leg5ds1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 ,"p ,i1 pp4 #a-aj2 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,janu>y1 #ahid4 ,re9's book1 ,! ,indu/ries ( ,japan1 po9ts out1 z f> z kn[n1 ! mat]ial debt to ,india4 ,"s ,japanese words l b5i-g>i 7,b5gal7 or r\ge %[ at once _! orig94 ,! mosaic ( /ories 9 ! ,taktori ,monogat>i1 an allegory 9 exquisite lit]>y =m1 illu/rat+ ! ,buddhi/ dogma ( ,+wa1 or law ( cause & effect1 & writt5 e>ly 9 ! n9? c5tury1 is made up ( ,*9ese-,indian elem5ts4 ,see ,f4,v4 ,dick9s's translation & notes 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,ori5tal ,society1 ,vol4 ,,xix41 ,n4,s4 ,india 0 ! f> (f l& ( gems1 wond]s1 infallible drugs1 roots1 etc42 ,japanese ,fairy ,_w1 p4 #acg4 ,footnote #f3 ,m4,e41 ,*ap4 ,,viii42 ,klapro?'s ,annales des ,emp]eurs du ,japon 7a translation ( ,nippon #j ,dai ,i*i ,ran72 ,re9's ,japan1 p4 #bbd4 ,footnote #g3 ,see ,klapro?'s ,annales1 passim4 ,s4 & ,h4 p4 #he4 ,bridges are (t5 symbolical ( ev5ts1 classic passages 9 ! %a/ras & sutras1 or are antetypes ( ,p>adisaical /ructures4 ,! ord9>y native ha%i is n rem>kable z a triumph ( ! c>p5t]'s art1 ?\gh "s ( ! ,japanese books m5tion & describe 9 detail "s /ructures t are believ$ to be a/oni%+4 ,footnote #h3 ,(t5 amus+ly illu/rat$1 ,m4,e41 p4 #cij4 ,a translation into ,japanese ( ,goe!'s ,reyn>d ! ,fox is among ! popul> works ( ! day4 ,/range to say1 h[ev]1 ! ,japanese lose mu* ( ! exquisite humor ( ?is satire 9 _! sympa?y ) ! woes ( ! maltreat$ wolf4--,! ,japan ,mail4 ,?is sympa?y ) animals gr[s directly out ( ! doctr9e ( metempsy*osis4 ,! relation%ip betwe5 man & ape is f\nd$ ^u ! pan!i/ic id5tity ( be+4 ,we m5tion s91 says a mission>y n[ 9 ,japan1 & he ! av]age auditor ?9ks ( eat+ fle%1 or ! kill+ ( insects4 ,_m ( ! sutras read l tracts & diatribes ( veget>ians4 ,footnote #i3 ,see ,! ,art ( ,l&scape ,g>d5+ 9 ,japan1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xiv42 ,!ory ( ,japanese ,fl[] ,arrangem5ts1 by ,j4 ,cond]1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvii42 ,t4,j41 p4 #afh2 ,m4,e41 p4 #dcg2 ,t4,j41 p4 #afc4 ,footnote #aj3 ,! book1 by excell5ce1 on ! ,japanese h\se1 is ,japanese ,homes & ,_! ,surr\nd+s1 by ,e4,s4 ,morse4 ,see also ,con/ructive ,art 9 ,japan1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #eg1 ,,iii41 p4 #bj2 ,feudal ,mansions ( ,y$o1 ,vol4 ,,vii41 p4 #aeg4 ,footnote #aa3 ,see ,he>n's ,glimpses ( ,unfamili> ,japan1 pp4 #che1 #daj1 & passim4 ,footnote #ab3 ,= pa!tic pictures ( ,japanese daily life1 see ,our ,neighborhood1 by ! late ,dr4 ,t4,a4 ,purcell1 ,yokohama1 #ahgd2 ,a ,japanese ,boy1 by ,himself 7,s4 ,%igmi71 ,new ,hav51 #ahhi2 ,lafcadio ,he>n's ,glimpses ( ,unfamili> ,japan1 ,bo/on1 #ahid4 ,footnote #ac3 ,klapro?'s ,annales1 & ,s4 & ,h4 passim4 ,footnote #ad3 ,see ,pf\ndes's ,fuso ,mimi ,bukuro1 p4 #acj1 = a li/ ( grades f ,ho- or cloi/]$ emp]or1 ,miya or sons ( emp]ors1 *ief prie/s ( sects1 etc41 d[n to prie/s 9 *>ge ( inf]ior temples4 ,?is ,budget ( ,notes1 pp4 #ii-add1 conta9s mu* valuable in=mation1 & 0 "o ( ! fir/ publications 9 ,engli% :i* %$ light ^u ! peculi>ities ( ,japanese ,buddhism4 ,footnote #ae3 ,isaiah xl4 #ai1 #bj1 & xli4 #f1 #g1 read to ! dwell] 9 ,japan l ! notes ( a report] tak5 ye/]day4 ,footnote #af3 ,t4,j41 p4 #cci2 ,notes on ,"s ,m9or ,japanese ,religi\s ,practices1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,an?ropological ,in/itute1 ,may1 #ahic2 ,l[ell's ,esot]ic ,%9t1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xxi42 ,sat['s ,! ,%9t ,temples ( ,is1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #aac4 ,footnote #ag3 ,m4,e41 p4 #de2 ,am]ican ,cyclopa$ia1 ,japan1 ,lit]ature--,hi/ory1 ,travels1 ,di>ies1 etc4 ,footnote #ah3 ,t is1 no dialects l ^? :i* sep>ate ! p ( ,*9a4 ,! ord9>y folks ( ,satsuma & ,suruga1 = example1 h[ev]1 w\ld f9d x difficult to und]/& ea* o!r if only ! local spee* 7 us$4 ,m5 f ! extremes ( ! ,empire use ! ,tki /&>d language 9 communicat+ ) ea* o!r4 ,footnote #ai3 ,= "s names ( ,buddhi/ temples 9 ,%imoda see ,p]ry's ,n>rative1 pp4 #dgj-dgd1 describ$ by ,dr4 ,s4 ,wells ,williams2 ,s4 & ,h4 passim4 ,footnote #bj3 ,! ,abb ,huc 9 8 ,travels 9 ,t>t>y 0 "o ( ! fir/ to note ?is fact4 ,i h n notic$ 9 my read+ t ! ,jesuit mission>ies 9 ,japan 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury call att5tion to ! matt]4 ,see also ! writ+s ( ,ar?ur ,lillie1 volum9\s b unconv9c+1 ,buddha & ,e>ly ,buddhism1 & ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity1 ,london1 #ahic4 ,footnote #ba3 ,m4,e41 p4 #beb4 ,footnote #bb3 ,t4,j41 p4 #gj4 ,footnote #bc3 ,see ,! ,high] ,buddhism 9 ! ,light ( ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 ,tki1 #ahid1 by ,rev4 ,a4 ,lloyd4 ,footnote #bd3 ,i prea* ) ev] ! same voice1 tak+ enlight5m5t z my text4 ,= ?is is equal = all2 no p>tiality is 9 x1 nei!r hatr$ nor affection4444 ,i am inexorable1 be> no love or hatr$ t[>ds anyone1 & proclaim ! law to all creatures )\t di/9ction1 to ! "o z well z to ! o!r4--,saddh>ma ,pund>ika4 ,footnote #be3 ,unbeat5 ,tracks 9 ,japan1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #bdg4 ,footnote #bf3 ,= ! symbolism ( ! lotus see ,m4,e41 p4 #dcg2 ,unbeat5 ,tracks 9 ,japan1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #bii2 ,m4,e4 index2 & ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika1 ,k]n's translation1 p4 #gf1 note3 ,"h ! ,buddha is repres5t$ z a wise & b5evol5t fa!r2 he is ! heav5ly fa!r1 ,brahma4 ,z su* ho 0 repres5t$ z sitt+ on a 'lotus-seat4' ,h[ common ?is repres5tation 0 9 ,india1 at lea/ 9 ! six? c5tury ( our era1 appe>s f ,v>hamihira's ,brihat-,sa9hita1 ,*4 #eh1 #dd1 :]e ! foll[+ rule is laid d[n = ! ,buddha idols3 ',buddha %all be 7repres5t$7 sitt+ on a lotus-seat1 l ! fa!r ( ! _w4' ,footnote #bg3 ,see ,! ,nor!rn ,buddhi/ ,my?ology 9 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,janu>y1 #ahid4 ,footnote #bh3 ,see ,! ,pictorial ,arts ( ,japan1 & ,descriptive & ,hi/orical ,catalogue1 ,william ,&]son1 pp4 #ac-id4 ,footnote #bi3 ,see fylfot 9 ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,footnote #cj3 ,! ^w vagra1 diamond1 is a con/itu5t 9 scores ( names ( sutras1 especially ^? ^: cont5ts are metaphysical 9 _! nature4 ,! ,vajrasan1 ,diamond ,?rone or ,?und]bolt seat1 0 ! "n appli$ to ! mo/ sacr$ "p ( ! great temple re>$ by ,asoka on ! site ( ! bodhi tree1 "u :i* ,gautama receiv$ enlight5m5t4 ,! adamant9e tru?s ( ,buddha /ruck l a ?und]bolt ^u ! sup]/iti\s ( 8 age4 ,! ^w vagra has ! two s5ses ( h>dness & utility4 ,9 ! =m] s5se x is und]/ood to be comp>$ to ! secret tru? :i* is always 9 exi/5ce & n to be brok54 ,9 ! latt] s5se x implies ! p[] ( ! enlight5$1 t de/roys ! ob/acles ( passions4--,b4,n41 p4 #hh4 ,z held 9 ! arms ( ,kwannon & o!r images 9 ! temples1 ! vagra or diamond club 7is t7 ) :i* ! foes ( ! ,buddhi/ ,*ur* are to be cru%$4--,s4 & ,h41 p4 #ddd4 ,ea* ( ! gateway gods ,ni- 7two ,k+s1 ,indra & ,brahma7 be>s 9 8 h& ! tokko 7,sanskrit vagra71 an ornam5t orig9ally design$ to repres5t a diamond club1 & n[ us$ by prie/s & exorci/s1 z a religi\s sceptre symboliz+ ! irresi/ible p[] ( pray]1 m$itation1 & incantation4--,*amb]la9's ,h&-book = ,japan1 p4 #ca4 ,footnote #ca3 ,jiz is ! compassionate help] ( all 9 tr\ble1 especially ( travell]s1 ( mo!rs1 & ( *ildr54 ,8 ,sanskrit "n is ,k%iug>bha4 ,8 idol is "o ( ! mo/ common 9 ,japan4 ,x is usually neck-lac$ ) baby's bibs1 (t5 by ! score1 :ile ! p$e/al is heap$ ) small /ones plac$ !re by sorr[+ mo!rs4--,s4 & ,h41 p4 #bi1 #cid2 ,*amb]la9's ,h&book ( ,japan1 #bi1 #aja4 ,he>n's ,japan1 p4 #cd1 & passim4 ,footnote #cb3 ,sanskrit arhat or arhan1 mean+ wor?y or des]v+1 i4e41 holy man1 ! highe/ rank ( ,buddhi/ sa9t%ip4 ,see ,c5tury ,diction>y4 ,footnote #cc3 ,m4,e41 p4 #bja4 ,! long inscription on ! bell 9 ,wellesley ,college1 :i* summons ! /ud5t-maid5s to _! h\rly tasks has be5 translat$ by ! au?or & ,dr4 ,k4 ,kurah>a & is z foll[s3 #a4 ,a prose preface or hi/orical /atem5t4 #b4 ,two /anzas ( ,*9ese poetry1 9 f\r-syllable l9es1 ( f\r v]ses ea*1 ) an apo/rophe 9 two f\r-syllable l9es4 #c4 ,! *ronology4 #d4 ,! names ( ! compos] & calligraphi/1 & ( ! bronze-f\nd]4 ,! *>act]s 9 v]tical l9es are read f top to bottom1 ! ord] ( ! columns be+ f "r to left4 ,!re are 9 all #aag *>act]s4 ,! fir/ tablet reads3 ,lotus-,lily ,temple 7(7 ,law-,grove ,m\nta92 ,bell-inscription 7&7 ,preface4 ,al?\gh !re _h be5 ( old a bell hung 9 ! ,temple ( ! ,lotus-,lily1 yet be+ ( small dim5sions its note 0 quickly exhau/$1 & no volume ( melody foll[$ 7aft] hav+ be5 /ruck74 ,:]eupon1 = ! purpose ( improv+ ^u ?is /ate ( affairs1 we made a subscription1 & collect$ co9 to obta9 a new bell4 ,all believ]s 9 ! doctr9e1 gods z well z devils1 contribut$ freely4 ,?us ! ent]prise 0 soon consummat$1 & ?is inscription prep>$1 to wit3 ',! mo/ exalt$ ,buddha hav+ pitiful compassion ^u ! p1 w\ld1 by means ( ?is bell1 in/ead ( words1 awak5 !m f e>?ly illusions1 & reveal ! d>kness ( ?is _w4 ',_m ( ! liv+ he>k5+ to its voice1 & mak+ confession1 are fre$ f ! bondage ( _! s9s1 & =ev] releas$ f _! disquiet+ desires4 ',h[ great is 7,buddha's7 m]it6 ,:o c utt] x8 ,)\t measure1 b\ndless6' ,elev5? ye> ( ! ,era ( ! ,f\ndation ( ,lit]ature 7& ( ! male elem5t7 ,wood 7& ( ! zodiac sign7 ,dog2 ,autumn1 sev5? mon?1 fifte5? day 7,a4,d4 ,augu/ #cj1ahad74 ,composition & p5man%ip by ,kamda ,koy-s54 ,ca/ by ! arti/ ,sugiw>a ,kun9obu4 7,! poem 9 unrhym$ metre47 ,buddha 9 compassion t5d] ,) ?is bell1 in/ead ( words1 ,wak5s s\ls f life's illusions1 ,light5s ?is _w's d>kness dre>4 ,_m s\ls its sweet tones he$+1 ,f _! *a9s ( s9 are fre$2 ,all ! m9d's unre/ is soo!d1 ,s9ful ye>n+s are repress$4 ,oh h[ pot5t is 8 m]it1 ,)\t b\nds 9 all ! worlds6 ,footnote #cd3 ,fuso ,mimi ,bukuro1 p4 #abi4 ,footnote #ce3 ,m4,e41 pp4 #bhg-bij1 #eac-ead2 ,p]ry's ,n>rative1 pp4 #dga1 #dgb2 ,our ,neighborhood1 pp4 #aai-abd4 ,! foll[+ epitaphs are ga!r$ f v>i\s s\rces3 ,?is /one m>ks ! rema9s ( ! believ] :o nev] gr[s old4 ,! believ+ woman ,yu-n+1 ,happy 0 ! day ( h] dep>ture4 ,multitudes fill ! graves4 ,only by ?is vehicle--! c(f9--c we ent] ,hades4 ,z ! float+ grass is bl[n by ! g5tle breeze1 or ! glanc+ ripples ( autumn disappe> :5 ! sun goes d[n1 or z a %ip returns to h] old %ore--s is life4 ,x is a vapor1 a morn+-tide4 ,buddha himself wi%es to he> ! "n ( ! deceas$ t he may ent] life4 ,he :o has left humanity is n[ p]fect$ by ,buddha's "n1 z ! )]$ moss by ! dew4 ,life is l a c&le 9 ! w9d4 ,! wise make our halls illu/ri\s1 & _! monum5ts endure = ages4 ,:at p]man5cy is !re to ! glory ( ! _w8 ,x goes f ! sight l ho>-fro/ 9 ! sun4 ,if m5 wi% to ent] ! joys ( heav5ly light1 ,let !m smell ! fragrance ( ! law ( ,buddha4 ,:oev] wi%es to h 8 m]it rea* ev5 to ! abode ( demons1 let him1 ) u1 & all liv+1 become p]fect 9 ! doctr9e4 ,footnote #cf3 ,rev4 ,c4,b4 ,haw>? 9 ! ,new ,york ,indep5d5t1 ,janu>y #ah1 #ahid4 ,footnote #cg3 ,9 #gha ! ,buddhi/ monk ,ki-%un d$icat$ a *apel to ,jizo1 on :om he conf]r$ ! epi!t ( ,%o-gun or g5]al1 to suit ! w>like ta/es ( ! ,japanese p4--,s4 & ,h41 p4 #chd4 ,s also ,ha*iman became ! god ( w> because adopt$ z ! patron deity ( ! ,g5ji w>riors4--,s4 & ,h41 p4 #gj4 ,footnote #ch3 ,corea1 ! ,h]mit ,nation1 p4 #ij4 ,footnote #ci3 ,dixon's ,japan1 p4 #da2 ,s4 & ,h41 ,japan1 passim2 ,re9's ,japan2 ,/ory ( ! ,nations1 ,japan1 by ,david ,murray1 p4 #bja1 note2 ,d5+'s life ( ,toyotomi ,hidyo%i2 ,m4,e41 ,*apt]s ,,xv41 ,,xvi41 ,,xx41 ,,xxiii41 ,,xxiv42 ,gazette] ( ,e*iz52 ,%iga's ,hi/ory ( ,nations1 ,tki1 #ahhh1 pp4 #aae1 #aah2 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,viii41 pp4 #id1 #acd1 #adc4 ,footnote #dj3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,viii41 ,hidyo%i & ! ,satsuma ,clan 9 ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury1 by ,j4,h4 ,gubb9s2 ,! ,times ( ,taik1 by ,r4 ,br9kley1 9 ,! ,japan ,times4 ,footnote #da3 ,! ,copy ( ! ,buddhi/ ,tripitaka1 or ,nor!rn ,collection1 made by ord] ( ! ,emp]or1 ,wan-,li1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,*9ese capital 7,k+7 0 *ang$ f ! ,s\? 7,nan7 to ! ,nor? 7,pe71 0 reproduc$ 9 ,japan 9 #afgi & aga9 9 #afha-hc1 & 9 ov] two ?\s& volumes1 mak+ a pile a hundr$ feet high1 0 pres5t$ by ! ,japanese ,gov]nm5t1 ?r\gh ! ,junior ,prime ,m9i/]1 ,mr4 ,tomomi ,iwakura1 to ! ,libr>y ( ! ,india ,(fice4 ,see ,samuel ,beal's ,! ,buddhi/ ,tripitaka1 z x is kn[n 9 ,*9a & ,japan1 ,a ,catalogue & ,comp5di\s ,report1 ,london1 #ahgf4 ,! libr>y has be5 re>rang$ by ,mr4 ,buny9 ,nanjio1 :o has publi%$ ! result ( 8 labors1 ) ,sanskrit equival5ts ( ! titles & ) notes ( ! highe/ value4 ,footnote #db3 ,nei!r c\ntry 7,*9a or ,japan7 has _h ! indep5d5ce & m5tal =ce to produce a lit]ature ( its own1 & to add any?+ b a *apt] ( decay to ! hi/ory ( ?is religion4--,pr(essor ,william ,d4 ,:itney1 9 review ( ,anecdota ,oxoni5sia1 ,buddhi/ ,texts f ,japan1 9 ,! ,nation1 ,no4 #hge4 ,footnote #dc3 ,education 9 ,japan1 ,a s]ies ( pap]s by ! writ]1 pr9t$ 9 ,! ,japan ,mail ( #ahgc-gd1 & repr9t$ 9 ! educational j\rnals ( ! ,unit$ ,/atus4 ,a dige/ ( ^! pap]s is giv5 9 ! app5dix ( ,f4,o4 ,adams's ,hi/ory ( ,japan2 ,life ( ,sir ,h>ry ,p>kes1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 pp4 #cje1 #cjf4 ,footnote #dd3 ,japan3 9 ,lit]ature1 ,folk-,lore1 & ,art1 p4 #gg4 ,footnote #de3 ,japanese ,education at ! ,philadelphia ,exposition1 ,new ,york1 #ahgf4 ,footnote #df3 ,see ,japanese ,lit]ature1 by ,e4,m4 ,sat[1 9 ,! ,am]ican ,cyclopdia4 ,footnote #dg3 ,! ^w bonze 7,japanese bon-s or bozu1 ,*9ese fan-sung7 means an ord9>y memb] ( ! congregation1 j z ! ,japanese t]m bon-yo or bon-zuko means common p or ! ord9>y folks4 ,! ^w came into ,european use f ! ,portuguese mission>ies1 :o he>d ! ,japanese ?us pron\nce ! ,*9ese t]m fan1 :i*1 z bon1 is appli$ to any?+ 9 ! mass n out ( ! common4 ,footnote #dh3 ,see ,on ! ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+ 9 ,japan1 by ,e4,m4 ,sat[1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,x41 ,"p ,l1 p4 #dh2 ,"p ,,ii41 p4 #beb4 ,footnote #di3 ,japanese m$iaeval mona/]y life has be5 ably pictur$ 9 ,engli% fiction by a s*ol> ( imag9ation & lit]>y p[]1 )al a milit>y critic & a vet]an 9 ,japanese lore4 ,! ,times ( ,taik1 9 ! defunct ,japanese ,times 7#ahgh71 des]ves repr9t z a book1 be+ f\nd$ on ,japanese hi/orical & descriptive works4 ,9 ,mr4 ,edw>d's ,greey's ,a ,captive ( ,love1 ,bo/on1 #ahhj1 ! idea ( +wa 7! effects 9 ?is life ( ! actions 9 a =m] /ate ( exi/5ce71 is illu/rat$4 ,see also ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #bi2 ,t4,j41 p4 #cfj4 ,footnote #ej3 ,x is curi\s t :ile ! anti-,*ri/ian polemics ( ! ,japanese ,buddhi/s h us$ ! words ( ,jesus1 ,i came to s5d n peace b a sword1 ,matt1 x4 #cd1 & ,if any man 444 hate n 8 fa!r & "m1 etc41 ,luke xiv4 #bf1 z a br&+ iron ) :i* to /amp ! religion ( ,jesus z gross immorality & dang]\s to ! /ate1 !y ju/ify ,gautama 9 8 r5unciation ( m>ital & pat]nal duties4 ,footnote #ea3 ,see ,public ,*>ity 9 ,japan1 ,japan ,mail1 #ahic2 & ,! ,annual 7,appleton's7 ,cyclopa$ia = #ahic4 ,footnote #eb3 ,i h "s good reasons = mak+ ?is sugge/ion4 ,yokoi ,hi%iro _h dwelt = "s "t 9 ,fukui1 a few rods away f ! h\se 9 :i* ,i liv$1 & ! ideas he promulgat$ among ! ,e*iz5 clansm5 9 8 lectures on ,confucianism1 7 n only ,*ri/ian 9 _s b1 by _! own /atem5t1 ^! ideas c\ld n be f\nd 9 ! texts ( ! ,*9ese sage or ( 8 comm5tators4 ,al?\gh ! volume 7edit$ by 8 son1 ,rev4 ,j4,f4 ,yokoi7 ( 8 ,life & ,lett]s %[s him to h be5 an int5se & at times almo/ bigot$ ,confuciani/1 he1 9 "o ( 8 lat] lett]s1 prophesi$ t :5 ,*ri/ianity %\ld be taught by ! mission>ies1 x w\ld w9 ! he>ts ( ! "y m5 ( ,japan4 ,see also ,sat['s ,k9s ,%iriaku1 p4 #ahc2 ,adams's ,hi/ory ( ,japan2 & 9 fiction1 see ,honda ,! ,samurai1 p4 #bdb1 & succe$+ *apt]s4 ,footnote #ec3 ,9 ! colorless & uns5tim5tal language ( gov]nm5t publications1 ! ,japanese edict ( emancipation1 issu$ to ! local au?orities 9 ,octob]1 #ahga1 ran z foll[s3 ,! designations ( eta & h99 are aboli%$4 ,^? :o bore !m are to be add$ to ! g5]al regi/]s ( ! population & _! social position & me?ods ( ga9+ a livelihood are to be id5tical ) ! re/ ( ! p4 ,z !y h be5 entitl$ to immunity f ! l& tax & o!r burd5s ( immemorial cu/om1 y w inquire h[ ?is may be re=m$ & report to ! ,bo>d ( ,f9ance4 7,sign$7 ,c\ncil ( ,/ate4 ,footnote #ed3 ,9 ,engli% fiction1 see ,! ,eta ,maid5 & ! ,hatamoto1 9 ,mit=d's ,tales ( ,old ,japan1 ,vol4 ,i41 pp4 #baj-bde4 ,discussions z to ! orig9 ( ! ,eta are to be f\nd 9 ,adams's ,hi/ory ( ,japan1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #gg2 ,m4,e41 index2 ,t4,j41 p4 #adg2 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #cf2 ,honda ! ,samurai1 pp4 #bdf1 #bdg2 ,mit=d's ,tales ( ,old ,japan1 ,vol4 ,i41 pp4 #baj-bde4 ,! lit]ature conc]n+ ! ,a9os is already volum9\s4 ,see ,*amb]la9's ,a9o ,/udies1 ) bibliography2 & ,rev4 ,john ,bat*elor's ,a9u ,gramm>1 publi%$ by ,! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity ( ,tki2 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vols4 ,x41 ,,xl1 ,,xvi41 ,,xviii41 ,,xx42 ,! ,a9u ( ,japan1 ,new ,york1 #ahib1 by ,j4 ,bat*elor 7:o has also translat$ ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 & portions ( ! ,bible into ! ,a9u tongue72 ,m4 ,e41 ,*ap4 ,,ii42 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,x41 & foll[+ volumes2 ,unbeat5 ,tracks 9 ,japan1 ,vol4 ,,ii42 ,life ) ,trans-,sib]ian ,savages1 ,london1 #ahie4 ,footnote #ee3 ,!n ! v5]able ,sriputra said to t daught] ( ,sag>a1 ! ,nga-k+3 ',?\ ha/ conceiv$ ! idea ( enlight5m5t1 "y lady ( good family1 )\t slid+ back1 & art gift$ ) imm5se wisdom1 b supreme1 p]fect enlight5m5t is n easily won4 ,x may happ51 si/]1 t a woman displays an unflagg+ en]gy1 p]=ms good works = _m ?\s&s ( ,aeons1 & fulfils ! six p]fect virtues 7,pramits71 b z yet !re is no example ( h] hav+ rea*$ ,buddha%ip1 & t because a woman _c occupy ! five ranks1 viz41 #a1 ! rank ( ,brahma2 #b1 ! rank ( ,indra2 #c1 ! rank ( a *ief gu>dian ( ! f\r qu>t]s2 #d1 ! rank ( ,kakrav>t92 #e1 ! rank ( a ,bodhisattva incapable ( slid+ back1 ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika1 ,k]n's ,translation1 p4 #beb4 ,footnote #ef3 ,*i-j-him 0 ! fir/ ,japanese nun1 & ! only woman :o is commemorat$ by an idol4 ,%e extract$ ! fibres ( ! lotus root1 & wove !m ) silk to make tape/ry = alt>s4 ,fuso ,mimi ,bukuro1 p4 #abh4 ,h] romantic & m>vell\s /ory is giv5 9 ,s4 & ,h41 p4 #cig4 ,! practice ( giv+ ranks to wom5 0 comm5c$ by ,jito ,t5n 7an empress1 #fij-gje74 ,_m wom5 %av$ _! heads & became nuns on becom+ wid[s1 z well z on be+ =sak5 by1 or aft] leav+ _! husb&s4 ,o!rs 7 orphans4 ,"o ( ! mo/ fam\s nuns 7on acc\nt ( h] rank7 0 ! ,nii no ,ama1 wid[ ( ,kiyomori & gr&mo!r ( ! ,emp]or ,antoku1 :o 7 bo? dr[n$ ne> ,%imono-ski1 9 ! great naval battle ( #aahe ,a4,d4 ,adams's ,hi/ory ( ,japan1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #cg2 ,m4,e41 p4 #acg4 ,footnote #eg3 ,m4,e41 p4 #bac2 ,japanese ,wom51 ,_w's ,columbian ,exhibition1 ,*icago1 #ahic1 ,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,footnote #eh3 ,!re is no passage 9 ! orig9al ,greek texts1 or 9 ! ,revis$ ,v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* ascribes w+s to ! aggelos1 or angel4 ,9 ,rev4 xii4 #ad1 a woman is giv5 two w+s ( a great eagle4 ,footnote #ei3 ,japanese ,wom5 9 ,politics1 ,*ap4 ,i41 ,japanese ,wom51 ,*icago1 #ahic2 ,japanese ,girls & ,wom51 ,*apt]s ,,vi4 & ,,vii4 ,footnote #fj3 ,bak9's novels are dom9at$ by ?is idea1 :ile also prea*+ 9 fiction /rict ,confucianism4 ,see ,a ,captive ( ,love1 by ,edw>d ,greey4 ,footnote #fa3 ,fate is "o ( ! great words ( ! ,ea/4 ,japan's language is load$ & ov]load$ ) x4 ,p>5ts are =ev] say+ be=e _! *ildr51 ',!re's no help = x4' ,i once rem>k$ to a s*ool-tea*]1 ',( c\rse y love to tea* *ildr54' ,8 quick reply 01 ',( c\rse ,i don't4 ,i d x m]ely because !re is no help = x4' ,morali/s "h deplore ! prosp]ity ( ! h\ses ( ill-fame & !n add ) a sigh1 ',!re's no help = x4' ,all society rev]b]ates ) ?is phrase ) ref]5ce to que/ions t ne$ ! application ( moral p[]1 w p[]4--,j4,h4 ,de ,=e/4 ,i d n say !re is no w p[] 9 ! ,ea/1 = !re is4 ,nor d ,i say !re is no weak yield+ to fate 9 l&s t h ! doctr9e ( ! ,creator1 = !re is4 ,b1 putt+ ! ,ea/ & ,we/ side by side1 "o ne$ n hesitate to affirm t ! reason ! w p[] ( ! ,ea/ is weak _c be fully expla9$ by any m]e doctr9e ( environm5t1 b mu/ also h "s vital connection ) ! fact t ! idea ( a p]sonal almighty ,creator has = long ages be5 want+4 ,& "o reason :y we/]n nations h an aggressive "* t v5tures bold ?+s & t5ds to defy difficulties _c be :olly laid to environm5t b mu/ h some?+ to d ) ! fact t leads millions daily rev]5tly to say ',i believe 9 ! ,almighty ,fa!r1 ,mak] ( ,heav5 & ,e>?4'--,j4,h4 ,de ,=e/4 ,,/ati/ics ,,( ,,buddhism ,,9 ,,japan4 7,f ,! (ficial ,rsum ,/ati/ique de l',empire du ,japon1 ,tki1 #ahid47 ,9 #ahia !re 7 #ga1hei temples )9 city or t[n limits1 & #ce1iei 9 ! rural di/ricts1 or #aag1gah 9 all1 "u ! *>ges ( #ea1gia pr9cipal prie/s & #gbj pr9cipal prie/esses1 or #eb1eaa 9 all4 ,! numb] ( temples1 classifi$ by sects1 7 z foll[s3 ,t5dai1 ) #c sub-sects1 #d1hjh2 ,%+on1 ) #b sub-sects1 #ab1hba1 ( :i* #de belong$ to ! ,hoss %u2 ,j-d1 ) #b sub-sects1 #h1cbc1 ( :i* #ba 7 ( ! ,k-gon %u2 ,z51 ) #c sub-sects1 #bj1hhb1 ( :i* #f1adf 7 ( ! ,r9-,zai %u2 #ad1jgb ( ! ,s-d %u1 & #fjd ( ! ,o-baku%u2 ,%91 ) #aj sub-sects1 #ai1adf2 ,ni*ir51 ) #g sub-sects1 #e1jff2 ,ji %u1 #eae2 ,yu-dz2 ,nembutsu1 #ceh2 total1 #ch sects & #ga1hei temples4 ,! (ficial reports requir$ by ! gov]nm5t f ! v>i\s sects1 %[ t !re are #ch adm9i/rative heads ( sects2 #eb1fch prie/-prea*]s & #dd1abc ord9>y prie/s or monks2 & #h1ffh male & #cbh female1 or a total ( #h1iif1 /ud5ts = ! grade ( monk or nun4 ,9 comp>ison ) #ahhf1 ! numb] ( prie/-prea*]s 0 #ci1bfa1 ord9>y prie/s #ch1ahi3 male /ud5ts1 #ba1iff2 female /ud5ts1 #fdb4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,roman ,,*ri/ianity ,,9 ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,footnote #a3 ,see = a f9e example ( ?is1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,m]iwe!r's ,life ( ,dat ,masamun1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xxi41 pp4 #c-ajf4 ,see also ,! ,*ri/ianity ( ,e>ly ,japan1 by ,koji ,inaba1 9 ,! ,japan ,evangeli/1 ,yokohama1 #ahic-id2 ,mr4 ,e4 ,sat['s pap]s 9 ,t4,a4,s4,j4 ,footnote #b3 ,see ,m4,e41 p4 #bhj2 ,re9's ,japan1 p4 #cab2 ,%igtaka ,%iga's ,hi/ory ( ,nations1 p4 #aci1 quot+ f ,m4,e4 7p4 #beh74 ,footnote #c3 ,m4,e41 #aie4 ,footnote #d3 ,! ,japan ,mail ( ,april & ,may1 #ahid1 conta9s a translation f ! ,japanese1 ) b little new matt]1 h[ev]1 ( a "w entitl$ ,paul ,anjiro4 ,footnote #e3 ,! ,fir&o ( ! old books4 ,see ,cock's ,di>y4 ,x is difficult at fir/ to recognize ! ,japanese orig9als ( "s ( ! names :i* figure 9 ! writ+s ( ,*>levoix1 ,lon ,pags1 & ! ,european mission>ies1 ow+ to _! use ( local pronunciation1 & _! spell+1 :i* seems peculi>4 ,"o ( ! brilliant id5tifications ( ,mr4 ,erne/ ,sat[1 n[ ,h4,b4,m4 ,m9i/] at ,tangi]1 is t ( ,kuroda 9 ! ,kond]a' ( ! ,jesuits4 ,footnote #f3 ,see ,mr4 ,e4,m4 ,mat['s ,vicissitudes ( ! ,*ur* at ,yamagu*i4 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,vii41 pp4 #aca-aef4 ,footnote #g3 ,nobunaga 0 ,nai ,dai ,j91 ,inn] 7,junior7 ,prime ,m9i/]1 "o 9 ! triple premi]%ip1 peculi> to ,korea & ,old ,japan1 b 0 nev] ,%gun1 z "s =eign writ]s h suppos$4 ,footnote #h3 ,see ,! ,jesuit ,mission ,press 9 ,japan1 by ,e4 ,sat[1 #aeia-afaj 7privately pr9t$1 ,london1 #ahhh74 ,review ( ! same by ,b4,h4 ,*amb]la91 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvii41 p4 #ia4 ,footnote #i3 ,hi/oire de l'glise1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dij2 ,re91 p4 #bgg4 ,takayama is spok5 ( 9 ! ,jesuit ,records z ,j/o ,ucondono4 ,a curi\s book entitl$ ,ju/o ,ucondono1 ,pr9ce ( ,japan1 9 :i* ! writ]1 :o is less att5tive to po9ts ( /yle ?an to matt]s ( fai?1 labors to %[ t ! ,bible alone is f\nd want+1 & only ! ,tea*+ ,*ur* is wor?y ( tru/1 0 publi%$ 9 ,baltimore1 9 #ahed4 ,footnote #aj3 ,h[ ,hidyo%i made use ( ! ,%9 sect ( ,buddhi/s to betray ! ,satsuma clansm5 is graphically told 9 ,mr4 ,j4,h4 ,gubb9's pap]1 ,hidyo%i & ! ,satsuma ,clan1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,viii1 pp4 #abd-abh1 #adc4 ,footnote #aa3 ,corea ! ,h]mit ,nation1 ,*aps4 ,,xii4-,,xxi41 pp4 #aba-abc2 ,mr4 ,w4,g4 ,a/on's ,hidyo%i's ,invasion ( ,korea1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,vi41 p4 #bbg2 ,,ix1 pp4 #hg1 #bac2 ,,xi41 p4 #aag2 ,rev4 ,g4,h4 ,jones's ,! ,japanese ,invasion1 ,! ,korean ,repository1 ,se\l1 #ahib4 ,footnote #ab3 ,brave ,little ,holl& & ,:at ,%e ,taught ,u1 ,bo/on1 #ahic1 p4 #bdg4 ,footnote #ac3 ,see picture & description ( ?is temple--fairly typical ( ,japanese ,buddhi/ ar*itecture1 ,*amb]la9's ,h&book = ,japan1 p4 #bf2 ,g4,a4 ,cobbold's1 ,religion 9 ,japan1 ,london1 #ahid1 p4 #gb4 ,footnote #ad3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 see ,vol4 ,,vi41 pp4 #df1 #ea1 = ! text ( ! edicts4 ,footnote #ae3 ,m4,e41 p4 #bfb1 ,*amb]la9's ,h&book = ,japan1 p4 #ei4 ,footnote #af3 ,! ,orig9 ( ,spani% & ,portuguese ,rivalry 9 ,japan1 by ,e4,m4 ,sat[1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xviii41 p4 #acc4 ,footnote #ag3 ,see ,*apt] ,,viii41 ,w4,g4 ,dixon's ,glean+s f ,japan4 ,footnote #ah3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,vi41 pp4 #dh-ej4 ,footnote #ai3 ,9 ! inscription ^u ! great bell1 at ! temple conta9+ ! image ( ,dai ,buts or ,great ,buddha1 re>$ by ,hidyori & 8 "m1 "o s5t5ce conta9$ ! phrase ,kokka anko1 ka & ko be+ ,*9ese = ,iy & yas1 :i* ! ,y$o rul] pr(ess$ to believe mock]y4 ,9 ano!r s5t5ce1 ,on ! ,ea/ x welcomes ! bright moon1 & on ! ,we/ bids f>ewell to ! sett+ sun1 ,iyyas discov]$ treason4 ,he consid]$ himself ! ris+ sun1 & ,hidyori ! sett+ moon4--,*amb]la9's ,h&-book = ,japan1 p4 #cjj4 ,footnote #bj3 ,i h f\nd ! ,a/or ,libr>y 9 ,new ,york especially ri* 9 works ( ?is sort4 ,footnote #ba3 ,nitob's ,unit$ ,/ates & ,japan1 p4 #ac1 note4 ,footnote #bb3 ,?is insurrection has receiv$ lit]>y treatm5t at ! h&s ( ! ,japanese 9 ,%imab>a1 translat$ 9 ,! ,f> ,ea/ = #ahgb2 ,woolley's ,hi/orical ,notes on ,nagasaki1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,ix41 p4 #abe2 ,koeckebakk] & ! ,arima ,rebellion1 by ,dr4 ,a4,j4,c4 ,ge]ts1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 #ea2 ,inscriptions on ,%imab>a & ,amakusa1 by ,h5ry ,/\t1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,vii1 p4 #ahe4 ,footnote #bc3 ,p]secution extirpat$ ,*ri/ianity f ,japan4--,hi/ory ( ,rationalism1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #ae4 ,footnote #bd3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,vi41 ,"p ,i41 p4 #fb2 ,m4,e4 pp4 #eca1 #egc4 ,footnote #be3 ,political1 despite ! attempt ( _m e>ne/ memb]s ( ! ord] to *eck ?is t5d5cy to int]m$dle 9 politics2 see ,dr4 ,murray's ,japan1 p4 #bde1 note1 #bdf4 ,footnote #bf3 ,see abundant illu/ration 9 ,lon ,pags' ,hi/oire de la ,religion ,*rti5ne en ,japon1 a book :i* ! au?or read :ile 9 ,japan amid ! sc5es describ$4 ,footnote #bg3 ,! ,japan ,evangeli/1 ,vol4 ,i41 ,no4 #b1 p4 #if4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,two ,,c5turies ,,( ,,sil5ce ,footnote #a3 ,see ,di>y ( ,ri*>d ,cocks1 & ,introduction by ,r4,m4 ,?ompson1 ,hakluyt ,publications1 #ahhc4 ,footnote #b3 ,= ! ext5t ( ,japanese influ5ce abroad1 see ,m4,e41 p4 #bdf2 ,re91 ,nitobe1 & ,hildre?2 ,mod]n ,japanese ,adv5tur]s1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,vii41 p4 #aia2 ,! ,int]c\rse betwe5 ,japan & ,siam 9 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury1 by ,e4,m4 ,sat[1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xiii41 p4 #aci2 ,voyage ( ! ,dut* ,%ip ,grol1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xi41 p4 #ahj4 ,footnote #c3 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,japan1 p4 #af4 ,footnote #d3 ,see ,pr(essor ,j4,h4 ,wigmore's elaborate "w1 ,mat]ials = ! ,/udy ( ,private ,law 9 ,old ,japan1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,tki1 #ahib4 ,footnote #e3 ,see ! ,legacy ( ,iyyas1 by ,john ,fr$]ic ,l[d]1 ,yokohama1 #ahgd1 ) criticisms & discussions by ,e4,m4 ,sat[ & o!rs 9 ! ,japan ,mail2 ,dixon's ,japan1 ,*apt] ,,vii42 ,pr(essor ,w4,e4 ,grigsby1 9 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,iii41 ,"p ,,ii41 p4 #aca1 gives ano!r v]sion1 ) analysis1 notes1 & comm5ts2 ,re9's ,japan1 pp4 #cad1 #cae4 ,footnote #f3 ,old ,japan 9 ! days ( its inclusiv5ess 0 a secret society on a va/ scale1 ) e v>iety & degree ( selfi%ness1 my/]y1 secrecy1 close-corporationism1 & tomfool]y4 ,see article ,esot]icism 9 ,t4,j41 p4 #adc4 ,footnote #g3 ,s9ce ! abolition ( feudalism1 ) ! increase ( ! means ( transportation1 ! l>g] fre$om1 &1 at _m po9ts1 improv$ morality1 ! population ( ,japan %[s an unprec$5t$ rate ( increase4 ,! c5sus tak5 9 #agdd gave1 z ! total numb] ( s\ls 9 ! empire1 #bf1jhj1jjj 7,e4,j4 ,re$'s ,japan1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #bcf72 t ( #ahgb1 #cc1aaj1hbe2 t ( #ahib1 #da1jhi1iaj1 %[+ a great] increase dur+ ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s ?an 9 ! "o hundr$ & ?irty-eight ye>s previ\s4 ,see ,rsum ,/ati/ique de l',empire du ,japon1 ,tki1 #ahid2 ,pr(essor ,g>rett ,dropp]s' pap] on ,! ,population ( ,japan dur+ ! ,tokugawa ,p]iod1 read ,june #bg?1 #ahid2 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xxii4 ,footnote #h3 ,= ! notable in/ance ( ,p]e ,sidotti1 see ,m4,e1 p4 #fc2 ,si ,y ,ki ,buu1 by ,s4,r4 ,br[n1 ,d4,d41 a translation ( ,arai ,hakuski's n>rative1 ,y$o1 #agaj1 ,t4,n4,c4,a4,s42 ,capture & ,captivity ( ,p]e ,sidotti1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,ix41 p4 #aef2 ,*ri/ian ,valley1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xvi41 p4 #bjg4 ,footnote #i3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #gh1 ,vol4 ,,vii41 p4 #cbc4 ,footnote #aj3 ,see ,mat!w ,calbrai? ,p]ry1 ,bo/on1 #ahhg4 ,footnote #aa3 ,see ! au?or's ,t[ns5d ,h>ris1 ,fir/ ,am]ican ,m9i/] to ,japan1 ,! ,atlantic ,mon?ly1 ,augu/1 #ahia4 ,footnote #ab3 ,see ,honda ! ,samurai1 ,bo/on1 #ahij2 ,nitobe's ,unit$ ,/ates & ,japan2 ,! ,japan ,mail passim2 ,dr4 ,g4,f4 ,v]beck's ,hi/ory ( ,prote/ant ,missions 9 ,japan1 ,yokohama1 #ahhc2 ,dr4 ,george ,wm4 ,knox's pap]s on ,japanese ,philosophy1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xx41 p4 l#eh1 etc4 ,rec5t ,japanese lit]ature1 ( :i* ! writ] has a small %elf-full1 biographies1 biographical diction>ies1 ! hi/ories ( ,new ,japan1 ,life ( ,yo%ida ,%o91 & rec5t issues ( ,! ,nation's ,fri5d 7,kokum9 no ,tomo71 are v ri* on ?is fasc9at+ subject4 ,footnote #ac3 ,a typical in/ance 0 t ( ,r9 ,%ihei1 born #agcg1 au?or ( ,sun ,koku ,tsu ,ran to ,setsu1 translat$ into ,fr5* by ,klapro?1 ,p>is1 #ahcb4 ,r9 le>n$ mu* f ! ,dut* & ,prussians1 & wrote books :i* _h a great sale4 ,he 0 ca/ into prison1 :5ce he nev] em]g$4 ,! 7wood57 plates ( 8 publications 7 confiscat$ & de/roy$4 ,9 #ahgf1 ! ,mikado visit$ 8 grave 9 ,s5dai1 & ord]$ a monum5t erect$ to ! honor ( ?is f>-see+ patriot4 ,footnote #ad3 ,re91 pp4 #ccf1 #ccg ,footnote #ae3 ,re91 p4 #cci2 ,! ,e>ly ,/udy ( ,dut* 9 ,japan1 by ,k4 ,mitsukuri1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,v41 p4 #bji2 ,hi/ory ( ! ,progress ( ,m$ic9e 9 ,japan1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xii41 p4 #bde2 ,vijf ,j>5 9 ,japan1 ,j4,l4,c4 ,pompe van ,me]d]voort1 #b;d ,ed41 ,leyd51 #ahjh4 ,footnote #af3 ,honda ! ,samurai1 pp4 #bdi-bea2 ,nitob1 #be-bg4 ,footnote #ag3 ,! ,tokugawa ,pr9ces ( ,mito1 by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,w4 ,clem5t1 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xviii1 p4 #ad2 ,nitob's ,unit$ ,/ates & ,japan1 p4 #be1 note4 ,footnote #ah3 ,m4,e4 7#f ,ed471 p4 #fjh2 ,adams's ,hi/ory ( ,japan1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #aga4 ,footnote #ai3 ,see ! text ( ! anti-,*ri/ian edicts1 ,m4,e41 p4 #cfi4 ,footnote #bj3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,xx41 p4 #ag4 ,footnote #ba3 ,t4,a4,s4,j41 ,vol4 ,,ix41 p4 #acd4 ,footnote #bb3 ,tales ( ,old ,japan1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #abe2 ,a ,japanese ,buddhi/ ,prea*]1 by ,pr(essor ,m4,k4 ,%imomura1 9 ! ,new ,york ,indep5d5t2 o!r s]mons h be5 pr9t$ 9 ,! ,japan ,mail2 ,k9o ,d[a1 two s]mons & vocabul>y1 has be5 edit$ by ,rev4 ,c4,s4 ,eby1 ,yokohama4 ,footnote #bc3 ,on ,sunday1 ,novemb] #bi1 #aheg1 ,mr4 ,h>ris1 re/+ at ,kawasaki1 ov] ,sunday1 on 8 way to ,y$o & audi5ce ( ! ,%gun1 hav+ ,mr4 ,heusk5 z 8 audi5ce & fell[-wor%ipp]1 read s]vice f ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]4 ,footnote #bd3 ,see a pap] writt5 by ! au?or & read at ! ,_w's ,columbian ,exhibition ,congress ( ,missions1 ,*icago1 ,septemb]1 #ahic1 on ,! ,citiz5 ,rights ( ,mission>ies4 ,footnote #be3 ,?is embassy 0 plann$ & fir/ propos$ to ! ,junior premi]1 ,tomomi ,iwakura1 & ! r\te arrang$ by ! ,rev4 ,guido ,f4 ,v]beck1 !n ,presid5t ( ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity4 ,"o half ( ! memb]s ( ! embassy _h be5 ,dr4 ,v]beck's pupils at ,nagasaki4 ,footnote #bf3 ,a some:at volum9\s native ,japanese lit]ature is ! result ( ! v>i\s embassies & individual pilgrimages abroad1 s9ce #ahfj4 ,immeasurably sup]ior to all o!r publications1 9 ! practical influ5ce ov] 8 fell[-c\ntrym51 is ! ,siyo ,jijo 7,! ,condition ( ,we/]n ,c\ntries7 by ,fukuzawa1 au?or1 educator1 editor1 decl9] ( num]\sly pr(f]$ political (fices1 & ! intellectual fa!r ( "o-half ( ! "y m5 :o n[ fill ! middle & l[] po/s 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ,japan4 ,= ! =eign side1 see ,! ,japanese 9 ,am]ica1 by ,*>les ,lanman1 ,new ,york1 #ahgb1 & 9 ,! ,life ( ,sir ,h>ry ,p>kes1 ,london1 #ahid1 & = an amus+ piece ( lit]>y v5triloquism1 ,japanese ,lett]s1 ,ea/]n ,impressions ( ,we/]n ,m5 & ,mann]s1 ,london & ,new ,york1 #ahia4 ,see ,hi/ory ( ,prote/ant ,missions 9 ,japan1 by ,g4 ,f4 ,v]beck1 ,yokohama1 #ahic4 ,,index ,abbess1 #cah4 ,abbots1 #cab4 ,abdication1 #bad4 ,aborig9es1 #i1 #ch1 #dc1 #gg-gi1 #agg4 ,adams1 ,w1 #ccd1 #cdj4 ,adi-,buddha1 #agd4 ,adoption1 #abb1 #abf4 ,adult]y1 #adi4 ,aidzu1 #aai4 ,a9os1 #b1 #i1 #af1 #gc1 #agg1 #cag1 #cgi4 ,akamatsu1 ,rev4 ,r5jo1 #dbe4 ,ak*i1 #ccb4 ,alphabets1 #aii1 #bjj4 ,altaic1 #ci1 #chi4 ,amalgam ( religions1 #aa1 #ac4 ,amatras1 see ,sun-goddess4 ,am]ican relations1 #aa1 #ab1 #aeg4 ,amidaism1 #bgf1 #cjc4 ,anabapti/s1 #afb4 ,analects1 #abh4 ,ance/ral wor%ip1 #ajf4 ,&]son1 ,dr4 ,w91 #dce4 ,angels1 #cjd4 ,animism1 #ae-ag4 ,anjiro1 #cbi4 ,apo/olical succession1 #bfb4 ,arabian ,nights1 #aib1 #bja4 ,ar*itecture1 #hb1 #hd1 #baj1 #bih-cjj4 ,art1 #fh1 #al#d1 #aie-aig1 #big1 #bih1 #cjc-cje1 #cad1 #cef4 ,aryan ,conque/ ( ,india1 #dd1 #aef1 #aeg1 #agg1 #bjg4 ,asanga1 #age1 #bje4 ,assass9ation1 #cfg4 ,asoka1 #afe4 ,a/on1 ,mr4 ,wm4 ,g41 #cfj1 #chf1 #chg4 ,a!ism1 #afc1 #afd4 ,atk9son1 ,rev1 ,j4,l41 #daj4 ,avalokitesv>a1 #agj1 #aga1 #agi4 ,avat>s1 #bja1 #bjh1 #bba1 #bdg1 #bfi1 #bie4 ,babism1 #aff4 ,bak91 #ddd4 ,bangor ,!ological ,sem9>y1 #cgh4 ,bat*elor1 ,rev4 ,john1 #cag4 ,beal1 ,rev4 ,samuel1 #h4 ,beauty1 #bjg4 ,begg>s1 #bjh4 ,bells1 #cjg1 #cjh4 ,b5t51 #bjd1 #bjg1 #bah4 ,bible1 #bg1 #ajd1 #cfd1 #chf4 ,b9zuru1 #bcg4 ,bir?1 #hd4 ,bi%amon1 #bah4 ,bodhidh>ma1 see ,d>uma4 ,bodhisattva1 #afi1 #bjd1 #bcd4 ,bonzes1 #caj4 ,bosatsu1 #agj1 #bjd2 see ,bodhsattva4 ,brahma1 #bdg4 ,brahmanism1 #afc1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #bah4 ,bro!rs1 #abe1 #abf4 ,buddha4 ,amida1 see ,amidaism4 ! ,buddha1 #aja1 #ajc1 #afa1 #afb4 ,gautama1 #aee1 #afa-afd4 ,%akyamuni1 #afj4 ,sidd>?a1 #daj4 ,ta?agata1 #bei4 ,ta?ata1 #bdc4 ,buny9 ,nanjio1 ,rev41 #bca1 #dbe4 ,buddhism1 #db1 #gd1 #gf1 #ajf1 #acc1 #acf1 #acg1 #adj1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #bbg1 #bca4 ,buddhi/1 #afe1 #aff1 #ahc1 #bad1 #bbi1 #beb4 ,cannibalism1 #gd4 ,canon1 ,*9ese1 #ajc2 ,%9t1 #ci-da4 ,capitals ( ,japan1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #bif4 ,celibacy1 #bgb4 ,cemet]ies1 #cjh4 ,*air ( ,contemplation1 #beb4 ,*amb]la91 ,pr(4 ,b4 ,hall1 #ci1 #cbd1 #chh4 ,*a/ity1 #fh1 #abd1 #adi1 #cbj4 ,*5g ,bro!rs1 #ach1 #aci4 ,*9a1 #acd1 #aii1 #bae1 #cbh1 #cee4 ,*9ese1 #hc1 #acd2 ,buddhism1 #bcb4 ,*ri/ianity & ,buddhism1 #aff1 #ahc1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #aie1 #bag1 #bah1 #bfe1 #bgj1 #cjj-cjb1 #cjf1 #cae1 #cai4 ,*ronology1 #da1 #cgj1 #chg4 ,*u ,hi1 #aa1 #ajh1 #aci1 #adc1 #add1 #cef4 ,cleanl9ess1 #hd1 #ig4 ,clem5t1 ,pr(4 ,e4,m41 #djg4 ,cobra-de-capello1 #ba4 ,cocks1 ,mr4 ,ri*>d1 #chj4 ,columbus1 #cbh4 ,comp>ative religion1 #d-f4 ,confucius1 #ajj-ajf4 ,confucianism1 #gd1 #ajg1 #bac4 ,concub9age1 #adi4 ,con/itution ( #ahhi1 #if1 #abb4 ,corea1 see ,korea4 ,c\rt%ip1 #abd4 ,creator1 #ade1 #bhe4 ,cremation1 #ahb4 ,crucifixion1 #aae1 #cfh4 ,dai ,butsu1 #bjc4 ,daikoku1 #bah4 ,dai ,mi ,j91 #aij1 #bjd1 #bjf1 #bcj4 ,d>uma1 #ahf1 #bjh1 #bed4 ,davids1 ,t4 ,rhys1 #aee1 #agb4 ,dea?1 #hd4 ,de ,brosses1 #bc4 ,de ,=e/1 ,rev4 ,j4,h41 #bbf4 ,demoniacal possession1 #bha4 ,d%ima1 #ced1 #ceh1 #cfb-cfe4 ,dh>>i1 #aii4 ,dh>ma1 see ,d>uma1 #ahf4 ,dhyana ,buddhas & ,sect1 #agb1 #beb1 #bed4 ,diet1 #bic1 #bid4 ,divorce1 #abe1 #adi4 ,d-s51 #bcf4 ,d-%1 #aha4 ,dragon1 #bj1 #ba1 #gd1 #aae1 #aih1 #bdb4 ,dut*1 #ij1 #ccf1 #cdj1 #cec1 #ced1 #ceh1 #cfj1 #cfb1 #cfc-cfe1 #cff4 ,dutt1 ,mr4 ,rome% ,*und]1 #afa4 ,ebisu1 #bah4 ,ecclesia/es1 #bad4 ,e*iz51 #cab4 ,edicts aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 #cce1 #ccf1 #cdb4 ,edk9s1 ,dr4 ,j41 #bdi4 ,education1 #cac1 #cbj4 ,embassy r\nd ! _w1 #cgc4 ,emp]or1 #adh4 ,emura1 ,rev4 ,%u-zan1 #bcb4 ,engl&1 #cg4 ,eta1 #aae1 #aej1 #bge1 #caf1 #cag1 #cfg4 ,e?ics1 #ib1 #id4 ,euhem]us1 #aib1 #aic1 #aig1 #bja4 ,eurasians1 #cdd4 ,evil1 #eh1 #gh4 ,evolution1 #fb4 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,h>ris1 ,mr4 ,t[ns5d1 #ade1 #ceb1 #cfj1 #cgj1 #cga4 ,haya%i1 #abi4 ,hea!n1 #ac1 #cj4 ,heav51 #fb1 #fc1 #gj1 #ha1 #aje1 #aab1 #aah1 #add4 ,hepburn1 ,dr4 ,j4,c41 #cgb4 ,hidyori1 #cdj1 #cdb4 ,hidyo%i1 #cac1 #ccc1 #cch4 ,h9du hi/ory1 #aef4 ,hi-n91 #aae1 #aej4 ,h9ayana1 #afe1 #afg1 #afi1 #bbh1 #bcb1 #bch4 ,hi\5 ,?sang1 see ,g5j4 ,hiraii1 #b4 ,hirata1 #hf4 ,hi/ory ( ,*9a1 intellectual1 #acg4 ( ,japan1 intellectual1 #bcj4 ( ,japan1 political1 #aj1 #cg1 #dd1 #bai4 ( ,japan1 religi\s1 #bbg1 #bbh4 ,hitom>1 #fj4 ,hiyisan1 #af1 #big4 ,hodge1 #ajb4 ,hodgson1 ,mr4 ,brian ,h41 #daa1 #dad4 ,hokk-,ki1 see ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika4 ,hokusai1 #cad4 ,holl&1 #cch4 ,hn51 #bfa1 #bfd4 ,h-1 #ahd1 #bcg4 ,hospitals1 #baf1 #cae4 ,hoss-,%u1 #bch1 #bci4 ,hoti1 #bah4 ,hotok1 #bjb1 #bfi4 ,idols1 #age1 #bjg1 #baf4 ,idzumo1 #dd1 #fe4 ,ikk1 #bgc4 ,in>i1 #aij4 ,indra1 #afc1 #bdg4 ,+wa1 #bag1 #cjb1 #cba2 see ,k>ma4 ,inquisition1 #cdg1 #cdh1 #cfh4 ,insurance by feti*1 #bd1 #be4 ,isaiah1 #ajj4 ,is1 #bh1 #ahd1 #bja4 ,iyyas1 #ia1 #ajj1 #acb1 #acd1 #bjd1 #bje1 #cch1 #cdb1 #ceg1 #ceh4 ,izanagi & ,izanami1 #eb1 #fc1 #fd1 #bjg1 #bah4 ,jade1 #bib4 ,ja9s1 #aff4 ,japan1 area1 #i4 ,c5sus1 #i4 ,e?nology1 #dc1 #dd4 ,geography1 #i1 #dc1 #dd4 ,gov]nm5t1 #dj4 ,hi/ory1 #aj1 #cg1 #dd1 #aji4 ,orig9s1 #dc4 ,population1 #h1 #i4 ,v>i\s names (1 #gc4 ,japanese ,bride1 ,!1 #abe1 #adi4 ,japanese *>act]i/ics1 #aab1 #bhe1 #cfa4 ,language1 #aac1 #aaf1 #ace4 ,writ+1 #bjj4 ,jataka tales1 #afi4 ,jeal\sy1 #abd4 ,jesuits1 #bdg1 #cbi1 #ccg1 #cda1 #cdb4 ,jesus1 #gf1 #ig1 #ajj1 #aag4 ,jimmu ,t5n1 #chi1 ,j9 ,gi ,kuan1 #di1 #id1 #cij-cib4 ,jizo1 #bdg1 #cje4 ,j d sect1 #bej1 #bge4 ,john1 #b1 #fj4 ,j-jitsu sect1 #aha1 #bce4 ,joss1 #bc4 ,jun-%i1 #fh1 #gf1 #aai4 ,ju-r-j91 #bah4 ,kaburagi1 #cf1 #fj4 ,kada ,adzum>1 #ia4 ,kamui1 #cj4 ,kami-dana1 #hf1 #hh1 #bie4 ,kamui1 #cj4 ,kana1 #aii1 #bjj1 #bgd4 ,k&a1 ,dai ,mi-,j91 #bje4 ,k>ma1 #afb1 #afi1 #ahf1 #bcd1 #beh4 ,kato ,kyomasa1 #bgh1 #ccd1 #cci4 ,k-gon sect1 #bdb-bdd4 ,ki*u1 #ia4 ,k]n1 ,pr(4 ,h41 #aee1 #bci4 ,kito1 #ahc1 #bif1 #ccj1 #ccf4 ,kir91 #ai4 ,ki%imoto1 ,mr4 ,nobuta41 #aa4 ,kiu%iu1 #cci4 ,kiyomori1 #abj4 ,knos1 ,dr4 ,george ,wm41 #ahb1 #bbh1 #bhh1 #che4 ,kobaya%i1 ,rev4 ,z-jun1 #dbe4 ,kb1 #hi1 #aig1 #bje1 #bdh1 #bej4 ,kojiki1 #bi1 #cb1 #dj1 #da1 #eb1 #gd1 #hb-ij1 #adi1 #aie1 #aig4 ,ko-k51 ,empress1 #caj4 ,kompira1 #bjd4 ,koni%i1 #ccd1 #cce4 ,korea1 #i1 #ba1 #bf1 #dj1 #da1 #gd1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #afh1 #agi1 #ahj1 #bib1 #caj1 #cbh1 #ccb1 #ccc1 #ccd1 #cee1 #cfh4 ,kosatsu1 #cfh4 ,ku-ya1 #aih4 ,kumi1 ,pr(41 #gf-hb4 ,kun-%91 #aaa1 #aac1 #aaf1 #aag1 #bac4 ,ku-%a sutra1 #bcb1 #bcc4 ,kwannon1 #aha1 #bjg1 #bdg1 #cai4 ,kys1 #acb1 #add4 ,lamaism1 #ajg4 ,language ( ,*9a1 #bcg4 ( ,engl&1 #bie4 ( ,holl&1 #cfd1 #cfe4 ( ,japan1 #ci1 #aac1 #aaf1 #acd1 #bfe1 #bie1 #bii1 #cfd4 ( ,korea1 #aaf4 ,lao ,tsze1 #ajb1 #add1 #bah4 ,laws ( ,japan1 #ceh4 ,lecky1 ,mr41 #cdd4 ,leg5dre1 ,g541 #che1 #chi4 ,legge1 ,dr4 ,j41 #ajj1 #cgh4 ,libr>ies1 #bec1 #cbg4 ,l+am1 see ,phallicism4 ,lit]ature1 #ci1 #ajj1 #ada1 #aef1 #aei1 #baf1 #beb1 #cac1 #cah1 #cfi4 ,liturgy1 see ,norito4 ,lloyd1 ,rev4 ,a41 #beh4 ,loo-*oo1 see ,r9 ,k94 ,lotus1 #dcd1 #dce1 #dcg4 ,love1 #aag1 #aah4 ,l[ell1 ,mr4 ,p]cival1 #cig1 #dbc4 ,loyalty1 see ,kun-%94 ,lu!r1 #bga4 ,lyman1 ,pr(4 ,b4,s41 #chc4 ,mabu*i1 #ij1 #ia4 ,mac,donald1 ,rev4 ,james1 #h4 ,magatama1 #fh1 #bib4 ,mahayana1 #aje2 see ,great] ,vehicle4 ,maitreya1 #afi1 #agj1 #bah1 #bcf1 #bdd4 ,malays1 #i1 #dc4 ,m&ala1 #bjc4 ,munjusri1 #agj1 #aga1 #agi1 #bfb4 ,mantra1 #bdh4 ,_m-%u1 #ci1 #dj4 ,m>co ,polo1 #db4 ,m>k1 #fj4 ,m>riage1 #abc1 #abf1 #adi4 ,m>tyrs1 #ccg1 #cdd1 #cei1 #cfj1 #cfb1 #cff-cfi4 ,masakado1 #bji4 ,matsugami1 #bji4 ,matsuri1 #bh4 ,meiji ,era1 #aab1 #aaf1 #bef4 ,m5cius1 #ajf1 #aab1 #acg4 ,m5dez1 ,p9to1 #db4 ,mexico1 #cdi4 ,mikado1 #dd1 #de1 #gf1 #ib1 #ie1 #if1 #aad1 #aag1 #ahd1 #aia1 #bja4 ,mikadoism1 #de-di1 #gd-hb1 #ahd1 #bjb4 ,milit>y monks1 #bdg4 ,m9amoto1 #bga4 ,m+ dyna/y1 #acd4 ,miok51 #bgi4 ,miracles1 #baf1 #bfg4 ,mirror1 #hc4 ,mission>y tra9+1 #f-h4 ,mito1 #aaa1 #acd1 #adc1 #cff4 ,miya1 #hb-hd1 #bji4 ,mona/]ies1 #afb1 #afe1 #bih1 #caa1 #cab4 ,mono!ism1 #ae1 #ha1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #ade1 #agd1 #ahg4 ,morse lecture%ip1 #d4 ,morse1 ,pr( ,e4,s41 #cgg4 ,motori1 #hj1 #ia1 #bij4 ,mozoomd>1 #daa1 #dbj4 ,mll]1 ,pr(4 ,max1 #baa4 ,munz+]1 ,rev4 ,c41 #djc4 ,murray1 ,dr4 ,david1 #djb4 ,mutsuhito1 #fj1 #caf4 ,nagasaki1 #ccb1 #ccg1 #cdc1 #cdd1 #ceh1 #cfb4 ,nakatomi1 #dh4 ,names1 #abg1 #bjb1 #bfe4 ,names ( ,japan1 #gc1 #hb4 ,namu-,amida-,butsu1 #bei1 #bfa4 ,nanjio ,buny91 #bca4 ,n>a1 #ahb1 #bcg1 #bdc1 #bif4 ,nehan1 see ,nirvana4 ,nepal1 #afg1 #afh1 #aga4 ,new ,buddhism1 #bhd1 #bhe4 ,ni*ir51 #bgg1 #bgh4 ,sect1 #bgg-bhj1 #ccd1 #cci4 ,nihilism1 #bcf1 #bdj1 #bda4 ,nihongi1 #da1 #ef1 #fb4 ,nikk1 #ahe1 #bfc4 ,nirvana1 #afb1 #afc1 #ahf1 #bjj1 #cjb1 #cjc4 ,nitob1 ,mr4 ,inazo1 #ceb1 #cfj4 ,nobunaga1 #cab1 #cca1 #ccb4 ,norito1 #ch1 #dg-di1 #ed1 #ee-eh1 #gi1 #hj1 #if4 ,nor!rn ,buddhism1 #afe4 ,obaku sect1 #bhc4 ,(f]+s1 #eg4 ,ogurusu1 ,rev4 ,ku-*1 #bad4 ,oba%i ,junzo1 #ade4 ,oj91 #bjd4 ,onna-i%i1 see ,phallicism4 ,orig9al pray]1 #bga4 ,orig9al v[1 #bgc1 #cab4 ,orphan asylums1 #baf4 ,osaka1 #acj1 #cab1 #cfh4 ,pags1 ,mr4 ,leon1 #ddi4 ,pagodas1 #bjc4 ,pan!ism1 #ca1 #adb1 #adc1 #ahg1 #bai1 #bdc4 ,p>adise1 #baj1 #bbi1 #bei1 #bfa1 #bhj4 ,p>liam5t ( ,religions1 #e1 #ci1 #gb1 #bhc4 ,pek+1 #aje4 ,p]ry1 ,commodore ,m4,c41 #abi1 #caf1 #ceb1 #cfj1 #cfd1 #cfe4 ,p]secutions1 #ic1 #cdc4 ,p]sian elem5ts1 #aie1 #bjb1 #cjd4 ,p]sonality1 #aaf4 ,pessimism1 #bad4 ,phallicism1 #bi-cj1 #di-ec1 #hh1 #chj-chd4 ,philo1 #aib1 #aig1 #bja4 ,pho5ix1 #ai1 #bj4 ,pilgrimages1 #bih1 #bij4 ,p9dola1 see ,b9zuru4 ,poetry1 #bbc2 see ,_m%u4 ,polit5ess1 #gd1 #bda4 ,popul> cu/oms1 #aib4 ,population1 #h1 #i1 #agg1 #bia1 #cei4 ,popul> movem5t 9 ,*9a1 #ach4 ,portuguese1 #cdd1 #cde1 #cdg4 ,pratyekas1 #bcd4 ,pray]s1 #hf-hh4 ,pray]-:eels1 #age4 ,pr9t+1 #acc1 #acd1 #bjj4 ,prome!us1 #ec4 ,prote/antism1 #aee1 #afb1 #beb1 #bgd4 ,pron\ns1 #aaf4 ,prov]bs1 #bh1 #agi1 #bbf1 #bgj1 #cjg1 #ccb1 #ceb1 #chi4 ,psy*ology ( ! ,japanese1 #bcj1 #bda4 ,pure ,l& ( ,bliss1 #aih1 #bfc-bfe4 ,purification ( #ahgj1 #bjf1 #baj1 #bac1 #bbb1 #bdh1 #cfj4 ,pyrronism1 #bdj4 ,rai ,sanyo1 #adc4 ,rakan1 #cje4 ,re=m$ ,buddhism1 #bgj1 #bgd-bgg4 ,r5ny ,%-n91 #beh4 ,revision ( ,confucianism1 #adh-aeb4 ,revival ( pure ,%9t1 #ia-if4 ,revolv+ libr>ies1 #bec4 ,ris-%u1 #bcf-bch4 ,rituals1 see ,norito4 ,riu ,kiu1 #i1 #aji4 ,riybu1 #hi1 #aia1 #bjc1 #bji1 #baa1 #bab1 #bbc4 ,ros>ies1 #bff4 ,saddh>ma ,pund>ika1 #agj1 #bbi1 #bdf1 #bhj1 #cjd4 ,sado1 #cda4 ,salt1 #he4 ,samurai1 #aaj1 #aai1 #adf1 #aea1 #aeb4 ,san ,kai ,ri1 #baa4 ,sanron sect1 #ahb1 #bdj4 ,sanskrit1 #be1 #ahb1 #bjj1 #baj1 #bde1 #bdi4 ,s>ata%i1 #bah4 ,sat[1 ,mr4 ,erne/1 #ci1 #dg1 #chf4 ,satsuma1 #cac4 ,s*ools ( ,philosophy3 ,*9ese1 #acf-aci4 ,indian1 #aei-afd1 #bcb4 ,japanese1 #cef-ceh1 #cfi4 ,sekigah>u1 #cch4 ,s5dai1 #aai4 ,seppuku1 see ,h>a-kiri4 ,s]p5t-wor%ip1 #cj-cc1 #bgh1 #bgi1 #che4 ,sev5 ,gods ( ,good ,=tune1 #bag1 #bah4 ,%aka1 #afj1 #afa1 #agi1 #bed4 ,%akyamuni1 see ,%aka4 ,%am9ism1 #ae-ag4 ,%ang-,ti1 #ajc1 #ajd4 ,%>i1 #ahb4 ,%a/ra & ,sutra1 #bca4 ,%i*im51 #bgh4 ,%igomori1 #abj4 ,%imab>a1 #cdd4 ,%+aku movem5t1 #cfi1 #cgj4 ,%+on sect1 #ahe1 #bjc1 #bdh-bea4 ,%9ran1 #bga-bgd4 ,%9 sect1 #bgj-bgf1 #cag4 ,%9t1 #ch1 #db1 #gf1 #hi1 #if1 #ig1 #adb1 #ahd1 #aie1 #bad1 #cai4 ,s91 #bhe1 #bhh4 ,%-gun1 #aaj1 #aae1 #adc4 ,%omon1 #bcf4 ,%toku1 #ahj1 #aha1 #bjh1 #bcf1 #cac4 ,sidd>?a1 #daj4 ,soga no ,inam1 #ahj4 ,so%i1 #ie1 #bgh4 ,s\!rn ,buddhism1 #afe1 #afg4 ,spani>ds1 #ccf1 #ccg1 #cdj1 #cdg4 ,/>s1 #ib4 ,/ati/ics ( ,buddhism1 #cji4 ( ,%9t1 #djj1 #dja4 ,sugaw>a ,mi*izan1 #bjd4 ,suicide1 #aab1 #aah-aba1 #adg1 #aea4 ,suiko1 #ahj4 ,sung dyna/y1 #dad1 #dcg4 ,sun-goddess1 #ff1 #ajd1 #bja1 #bjc4 ,sun-wor%ip1 #df1 #dg1 #hb1 #hg4 ,swa/ika1 #cje4 ,swords1 #g1 #cgh4 ,syle1 ,rev4 ,e4,w41 #cf4 ,syncretism1 #aia-aid1 #bje4 ,syn]gism1 #bfh1 #bga1 #bgb4 ,szma ,kwang1 #ach4 ,taik1 see ,hidyo%i4 ,takaha%i1 ,mr4 ,gor1 #chd4 ,taka%i1 ,rev4 ,dai-,ryo1 #bch4 ,taktori ,monogat>i1 #dbc4 ,tantra sy/em1 #aid4 ,taism1 #ajf1 #bae1 #bah4 ,ta?agata1 #bei4 ,ta?ata1 #bdc1 #bdf4 ,taylor1 ,bay>d1 #chj4 ,tea plant1 #bjh4 ,ti-,%n philosophy1 #aci1 #ade4 ,temples1 #hc1 #ic1 #bji1 #cje-cji4 ,t51 #add4 ,t5dai sect1 #ahe1 #bdd-bdh1 #bfh4 ,t5j91 #bjd4 ,t5n1 #ahd4 ,t5%i1 #ahd4 ,t]5ce1 #abh4 ,!ism1 #agb4 ,!ological sem9>ies1 #f-h4 ,tibet1 #afe1 #afg1 #agj4 ,tobacco1 #bji4 ,tokugawas1 #ada1 #adc1 #cef1 #cfe4 ,torii1 #hd1 #baj4 ,tortoise1 #ai4 ,transmigration ( s\ls1 #cae4 ,tree-wor%ip1 #cj1 #ca4 ,triads1 #aga1 #bee1 #bgi4 ,tr9ity1 #dbh4 ,tripitaka1 #afj1 #agj1 #bca4 ,tsuji1 ,rev4 ,k5-ko1 #dbe4 ,tsuku%i1 #dd4 ,tsu%ima1 #dd4 ,tycoon1 see ,%-gun4 ,uda1 ,rev4 ,%o-,h51 #dbe4 ,upani%ads1 #aef1 #afa1 #afb4 ,u%i toki mairi1 #ca4 ,uzum1 #fh4 ,vagra1 #cje4 ,vagrabodhi1 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,vairokana1 #ahd1 #bdd1 #bej4 ,v$as1 #aef1 #aeh1 #aei1 #afj1 #afb4 ,vehicles1 ! ?ree1 #bcd1 #bce2 see also ,h9ayana & ,mahayana4 ,victims1 #gd4 ,wa%+ton1 #aad4 ,we/]n ,p>adise1 #bgg4 ,:eel ( ! law1 #cjb4 ,:itney1 ,pr(4 ,w4,d41 #baa1 #bgg4 ,william ! ,sil5t1 #aad4 ,woman1 #abc1 #adi1 #bge1 #cah-cbj4 ,xavi]1 #cbd1 #cbi1 #ccj1 #cde1 #cdf1 #cdg4 ,yamato1 #dd1 #gf1 #hg1 #ia1 #aji1 #agg1 #agi4 ,dama%ii1 #dd1 #adg1 #aea1 #aeb1 #agb4 ,yamato-,tosa art1 #aad1 ,y$o1 #aaj1 #aae1 #aai1 #ada1 #bbj1 #bch1 #cdj1 #cfj1 #cff4 ,y5 ,sect1 #beb-bef4 ,yezo1 #dc1 #cag4 ,yoga1 #aeg1 #aig1 #aii1 #bja1 #bji1 #baa4 ,yoga-*>a1 #aid1 #bjc1 #bdi4 ,yokoi ,hi%iro1 #aab1 #caf1 #cff1 #cfg4 ,yori1 see ,phallicism4 ,yo%ida ,%o91 #adg4 ,yo%iw>a sy/em1 #djd4 ,z5d1 #bfa-bfb1 #bfg4 ,z5kji1 #agi1 #aha4