,! ,citiz5's ,libr>y ( ,economics1 ,politics1 & ,sociology ,,"u ,,! ,,g5]al ,,editor%ip ,,( ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,ely1 ,ph4,d1 ,,ll4,d4 ,director ( ! ,s*ool ( ,economics & ,political ,sci5ce2 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy at ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 #abmo4 ,half ,lea!r4 #a4be1 net1 ea* 99 99 99 99 99 99,monopolies & ,tru/s994 ,by ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,ely1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,x is admirable4 ,x is ! s\nde/ contribution on ! subject t has appe>$4--,pr(essor ,,john ,r4 ,,commons4 ,by all odds ! be/ writt5 ( ,pr(essor ,ely's "w4--,pr(essor ,,simon ,n4 ,,patt51 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 99,outl9es ( ,economics994 ,by ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,ely1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 au?or ( ,monopolies & ,tru/s1 etc4 99,! ,economics ( ,di/ribution994 ,by ,,john ,a4 ,,hobson1 au?or ( ,! ,evolution ( ,mod]n ,capitalism1 etc4 99,_w ,politics994 ,by ,,paul ,s4 ,,re9s*1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,b41 ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,political ,sci5ce1 ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons94 99,economic ,crises994 ,by ,,edw>d ,d4 ,,jones1 ,ph4,d41 ,in/ructor 9 ,economics & ,/ati/ics1 ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons94 99,gov]nm5t 9 ,switz]l&994 ,by ,,john ,,m>t9 ,,v9c5t1 ,ph4,d41 ,associate ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory1 ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity4 99,political ,p>ties 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ahdf-ahfa994 ,by ,,jesse ,,macy1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,sci5ce 9 ,i[a ,college4 99,essays on ! ,monet>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates994 ,by ,,*>les ,j4 ,,bullock1 ,ph4,d41 ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,economics1 ,williams ,college4 99,social ,control3 ,a ,survey ( ! ,f\ndations ( ,ord]994 ,by ,,edw>d ,,alswor? ,,ross1 ,ph4,d4 99,municipal ,eng9e]+ & ,sanitation994 ,by ,w4,n4 ,,bak]1 ,ph4,b41 ,associate ,editor ( ,eng9e]+ ,news4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york 99,9 ,prep>ation = ,e>ly ,issue99 99,,democracy ,,& ,,social ,,e?ics99 ,by ,,jane ,,addams1 ,head ( ,hull ,h\se1 ,*icago2 jo9t au?or ( ,philan?ropy & ,social ,progress4 7,n[ ready47 ,miss ,addams' ,settlem5t ,"w is kn[n to all :o are int]e/$ 9 social amelioration & municipal conditions4 ,z ! title ( h] book %[s1 x w be occupi$ ) ! reciprocal relations ( e?ical progress & ! gr[? ( democratic ?\ght1 s5tim5t1 & in/itutions4 99,,cu/om ,,& ,,competition99 ,by ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,ely1 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy & ,director ( ! ,s*ool ( ,economics & ,political ,sci5ce 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons92 ,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,economic ,association2 au?or ( ,monopolies & ,tru/s1 etc4 ,topics treat$ "u ,cu/om include ! ,r5t ( ,l& & ,cu/om2 ,int]e/ & ,cu/om2 ,! ,remun]ation ( ,p]sonal ,s]vices & ,cu/om2 ,cu/om & ,comm]ce4 ,competition is fir/ discuss$ ) ref]5ce to ! biological aspects ( ! "q1 & ! significance ( subhuman competition is conf9$ & a c>eful classification ( its v>i\s k9ds is pres5t$4 ,"o ( ! ma9 topics ( ! book is ,competition z a ,pr9ciple ( ,di/ribution1 & its treatm5t ( ! subject ( price admirably supplem5ts ! !oretical discussion 9 ,monopolies & ,tru/s4 99,,am]ican ,,municipal ,,progress99 ,by ,,*>les ,,zuebl91 ,b4,d41 ,associate ,pr(essor ( ,sociology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,?is "w takes up ! problem ( ! s-call$ public utilities1 public s*ools1 libr>ies1 *ildr5's playgr\nds1 public ba?s1 public gymnasiums1 etc4 ,! discussion is f ! /&po9t ( public welf>e & is bas$ on repeat$ p]sonal inve/igations 9 lead+ cities ( ,europe1 especially ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 99,,colonial ,,gov]nm5t99 ,by ,,paul ,s4 ,,re9s*1 ,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,b41 ,pr(essor ( ,political ,sci5ce 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons92 ,au?or ( ,_w ,politics at ! ,end ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury z ,influ5c$ by ! ,ori5tal ,situation4 ,by ! au?or ( ! ,_w ,politics1 :i* met s cordial a reception f /ud5ts ( mod]n political hi/ory4 ,! ma9 divisions ( ! book are3 ,motives & ,me?ods ( ,colonization2 ,=ms ( ,colonial ,gov]nm5t2 ,relations betwe5 ! ,"m ,c\ntry & ! ,colonies2 ,int]nal ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,colonies2 ,! ,special ,colonial ,problems ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,citiz5',s ,,libr>y ,,( ,,economics1 ,,politics1 ,,& ,,sociology ,,edit$ ,,by ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,ely1 ,,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,director ,,( ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,economics ,,& ,,political ,,sci5ce1 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,wiscons9 99 99 99 99 99 ,,democracy ,,& ,,social ,,e?ics 99,,! ,,citiz5',s ,,libr>y ,,( ,,economics1 ,,politics1 ,,& ,,sociology499 #abmo4 ,half lea!r4 #a4be net ea*4 99 99 99 99 99 99,,monopolies ,,& ,,tru/s499 ,,by ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,ely1 ,,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 99,,! ,,economics ,,( ,,di/ribution499 ,,by ,,john ,a4 ,,hobson4 99,,_w ,,politics499 ,,by ,,paul ,s4 ,,re9s*1 ,,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,b4 99,,economic ,,crises499 ,,by ,,edw>d ,d4 ,,jones1 ,,ph4,d4 99,,outl9e ,,( ,,economics499 ,,by ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,ely4 99,,gov]nm5t ,,9 ,,switz]l&499 ,,by ,,john ,,m>t9 ,,v9c5t1 ,,ph4,d4 99,,essays ,,9 ,,! ,,monet>y ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates499 ,,by ,,*>les ,j4 ,,bullock1 ,,ph4,d4 99,,social ,,control499 ,,by ,,edw>d ,a4 ,,ross1 ,,ph4,d4 99,,hi/ory ,,( ,,political ,,p>ties ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates499 ,,by ,,jesse ,,macy1 ,,ll4,d4 99,,municipal ,,eng9e]+ ,,& ,,sanitation499 ,,by ,m4,n4 ,,bak]1 ,,ph4,b4 99,,democracy ,,& ,,social ,,e?ics499 ,,by ,,jane ,,addams4 99,,colonial ,,gov]nm5t499 ,,by ,,paul ,s4 ,,re9s*1 ,,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,9 ,,prep>ation4 99,,cu/om ,,& ,,competition499 ,,by ,,ri*>d ,t4 ,,ely1 ,,ph4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 99,,municipal ,,sociology499 ,,by ,,*>les ,,zuebl94 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company1 #ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue4 ,,! ,,citiz5',s ,,libr>y 99 99 99 99 99 ,,democracy ,,& ,,social ,,e?ics ,,by ,,jane ,,addams ,,hull-,,h\se1 ,,*icago ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,london3 ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,ltd4 #aijb ,set up & electrotyp$ ,m>*1 #aijb4 ,repr9t$ ,june1 ,septemb]1 #aijb4 ,norwood ,press ,j4,s4 ,cu%+ ,co4--,b]wick ,smi? ,norwood ,mass4 ,u4,s4,a4 ,to3 ,m4,r4,s4 ,,prefatory ,,note ,! foll[+ pages pres5t ! sub/ance ( a c\rse ( twelve lectures on ,democracy & ,social ,e?ics :i* h be5 deliv]$ at v>i\s colleges & univ]sity ext5sion c5tres4 ,9 putt+ !m into ! =m ( a book1 no attempt has be5 made to *ange ! some:at in=mal /yle us$ 9 speak+4 ,! we & u :i* orig9ally ref]r$ to ! speak] & h] audi5ce are m]ely ext5d$ to possible read]s4 ,ackn[l$gm5t = p]mission to repr9t is ext5d$ to ,! ,atlantic ,mon?ly1 ,! ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,e?ics1 ,! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 & to ,! ,commons4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,page ,,introduction #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,*>itable ,,ef=t #ac ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,filial ,,relations #ga ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,h\sehold ,,adju/m5t #ajb ,,*apt] ,v ,,indu/rial ,,amelioration #acg ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,educational ,,me?ods #agh ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,political ,,re=m #bba ,,index #bgi ,,democracy ,,& ,,social ,,e?ics ,,*apt] ,i ,,introduction ,x is well to rem9d ourselves1 f "t to "t1 t ,e?ics is b ano!r ^w = righte\sness1 t = :i* _m m5 & wom5 ( e g5]ation h hung]$ & ?ir/$1 & )\t :i* life becomes mean+less4 ,c]ta9 =ms ( p]sonal righte\sness h become to a majority ( ! community almo/ automatic4 ,x is z easy = mo/ ( u to keep f /eal+ our d9n]s z x is to dige/ !m1 & !re is q z mu* volunt>y morality involv$ 9 "o process z 9 ! o!r4 ,to /eal w\ld be = u to fall sadly bel[ ! /&>d ( habit & expectation :i* makes virtue easy4 ,9 ! same way we h be5 c>efully re>$ to a s5se ( family obligation1 to be k9dly & consid]ate to ! memb]s ( our own h\seholds1 & to feel responsible = _! well-be+4 ,z ! rules ( conduct h become e/abli%$ 9 reg>d to our self-developm5t & our families1 s !y h be5 9 reg>d to limit$ circles ( fri5ds4 ,if ! fulfilm5t ( ^! claims 7 all t a righte\s life requir$1 ! hung] & ?ir/ w\ld be /ill$ = _m good m5 & wom51 & ! clew ( "r liv+ w\ld lie easily 9 _! h&s4 ,b we all "k t ea* g5]ation has its own te/1 ! contemporane\s & curr5t /&>d by :i* alone x c adequately judge ( its own moral a*ievem5ts1 & t x may n legitimately use a previ\s & less vigor\s te/4 ,! advanc$ te/ mu/ inde$ include t :i* has already be5 atta9$2 b if x includes no m1 we %all fail to g =w>d1 ?9k+ complac5tly t we h arriv$ :5 9 reality we h n yet />t$4 ,to atta9 individual morality 9 an age dem&+ social morality1 to pride "o's self on ! results ( p]sonal ef=t :5 ! "t dem&s social adju/m5t1 is utt]ly to fail to appreh5d ! situation4 ,x is p]haps significant t a ,g]man critic has ( late rem9d$ u t ! "o te/ :i* ! mo/ au?oritative & dramatic portrayal ( ! ,day ( ,judgm5t (f]s1 is ! social te/4 ,! /]n que/ions are n 9 reg>d to p]sonal & family relations1 b did ye visit ! poor1 ! crim9al1 ! sick1 & did ye fe$ ! hungry8 ,all ab\t u are m5 & wom5 :o h become unhappy 9 reg>d to _! attitude t[>d ! social ord] itself2 t[>d ! dre>y r\nd ( un9t]e/+ "w1 ! pleasures n>r[$ d[n to ^? ( appetite1 ! decl9+ consci\sness ( bra9 p[]1 & ! lack ( m5tal food :i* *>act]izes ! lot ( ! l>ge proportion ( _! fell[-citiz5s4 ,^! m5 & wom5 h caught a moral *all5ge rais$ by ! exig5cies ( contemporane\s life2 "s are bewild]$1 o!rs :o are d5i$ ! relief :i* /urdy action br+s are ev5 seek+ an escape1 b all are increas+ly anxi\s conc]n+ _! actual relations to ! basic organization ( society4 ,! te/ :i* !y w\ld apply to _! conduct is a social te/4 ,!y fail to be cont5t ) ! fulfilm5t ( _! family & p]sonal obligations1 & f9d !mselves /riv+ to respond to a new dem& involv+ a social obligation2 !y h become consci\s ( ano!r requirem5t1 & ! contribution !y w\ld make is t[>d a code ( social e?ics4 ,! conception ( life :i* !y hold has n yet express$ itself 9 social *anges or legal enactm5t1 b r 9 a m5tal attitude ( maladju/m5t1 & 9 a s5se ( div]g5ce betwe5 _! consci5ces & _! conduct4 ,!y desire bo? a cle>] def9ition ( ! code ( morality adapt$ to pres5t day dem&s & a "p 9 its fulfilm5t1 bo? a cre$ & a practice ( social morality4 ,9 ! p]plexity ( ?is intricate situation at lea/ "o ?+ is becom+ cle>3 if ! latt] day moral ideal is 9 reality t ( a social morality1 x is inevitable t ^? :o desire x mu/ be br\ght 9 contact ) ! moral exp]i5ces ( ! _m 9 ord] to procure an adequate social motive4 ,^! m5 & wom5 h realiz$ ?is & h disclos$ ! fact 9 _! eag]ness = a wid] acqua9tance ) & p>ticipation 9 ! life ab\t !m4 ,!y believe t exp]i5ce gives ! easy & tru/wor?y impulse t[>d "r action 9 ! broad z well z 9 ! n>r[ relations4 ,we may inde$ imag9e _m ( !m say+3 ,ca/ our exp]i5ces 9 a l>g] m\ld if our lives are to be animat$ by ! l>g] social aims4 ,we h met ! obligations ( our family life1 n because we _h made resolutions to t end1 b spontane\sly1 because ( a common fund ( memories & affections1 f :i* ! obligation naturally develops1 & we see no o!r way 9 :i* to prep>e ourselves = ! l>g] social duties4 ,su* a dem& is reasonable1 = by our daily exp]i5ce we h discov]$ t we _c me*anically hold up a moral /&>d1 !n jump at x 9 r>e mom5ts ( exhil>ation :5 we h ! /r5g? = x1 b t ev5 z ! ideal itself mu/ be a rational developm5t ( life1 s ! /r5g? to atta9 x mu/ be secur$ f int]e/ 9 life itself4 ,we sl[ly le>n t life consi/s ( processes z well z results1 & t failure may come q z easily f ignor+ ! adequacy ( "o's me?od z f selfi% or ignoble aims4 ,we are ?us br\ght to a conception ( ,democracy n m]ely z a s5tim5t :i* desires ! well-be+ ( all m51 nor yet z a cre$ :i* believes 9 ! ess5tial dignity & equality ( all m51 b z t :i* af=ds a rule ( liv+ z well z a te/ ( fai?4 ,we are le>n+ t a /&>d ( social e?ics is n atta9$ by travell+ a seque/]$ byway1 b by mix+ on ! ?rong$ & common road :]e all mu/ turn out = "o ano!r1 & at lea/ see ! size ( "o ano!r's burd5s4 ,to foll[ ! pa? ( social morality results p]=ce 9 ! temp] if n ! practice ( ! democratic _s1 = x implies t div]sifi$ human exp]i5ce & resultant sympa?y :i* are ! f\ndation & gu>antee ( ,democracy4 ,!re are _m indications t ?is conception ( ,democracy is gr[+ among u4 ,we h come to h an enorm\s int]e/ 9 human life z su*1 accompani$ by confid5ce 9 its ess5tial s\ndness4 ,we d n believe t g5u9e exp]i5ce c lead u a/ray any m ?an sci5tific data c4 ,we realize1 too1 t social p]spective & sanity ( judgm5t come only f contact ) social exp]i5ce2 t su* contact is ! sure/ corrective ( op9ions conc]n+ ! social ord]1 & conc]n+ ef=ts1 h[ev] humble1 = its improvem5t4 ,inde$1 x is a consci\sness ( ! illum9at+ & dynamic value ( ?is wid] & m ?or\gh human exp]i5ce :i* expla9s 9 no small degree t new curiosity reg>d+ human life :i* has m ( a moral basis ?an an intellectual "o4 ,! newspap]s1 9 a frank reflection ( popul> dem&1 exhibit an omniv]\s curiosity equally insi/5t ^u ! trivial & ! important4 ,!y are p]haps ! mo/ obvi\s manife/ations ( t desire to "k1 t ,:at is ?is8 & ,:y d y d t8 ( ! *ild4 ,! fir/ dawn ( ! social consci\sness takes ?is =m1 z ! dawn+ intellig5ce ( ! *ild takes ! =m ( con/ant "q & insatiate curiosity4 ,lit]ature1 too1 portrays an equally absorb+ ?\gh bett] adju/$ desire to "k all k9ds ( life4 ,! popul> books are ! novels1 deal+ ) life "u all possible conditions1 & !y are widely read n only because !y are ent]ta9+1 b also because !y 9 a measure satisfy an un=mulat$ belief t to see f>!r1 to "k all sorts ( m51 9 an indef9ite way1 is a prep>ation = bett] social adju/m5t--= ! rem$y+ ( social ills4 ,d\btless "o "u ! conviction ( s9 9 reg>d to social ills f9ds a vague consolation 9 read+ ab\t ! lives ( ! poor1 & d]ives a s5se ( complicity 9 do+ good4 ,he likes to feel t he kn[s ab\t social wrongs ev5 if he does n rem$y !m1 & 9 a v g5u9e s5se !re is a f\ndation = ?is belief4 ,p>tly ?r\gh ?is wide read+ ( human life1 we f9d 9 ourselves a new aff9ity = all m51 :i* probably nev] exi/$ 9 ! _w be=e4 ,evil itself does n %ock u z x once did1 & we c\nt only t man m]ciful 9 :om we recognize an und]/&+ ( ! crim9al4 ,we h le>n$ z common k t mu* ( ! ins5sibility & h>dness ( ! _w is due to ! lack ( imag9ation :i* prev5ts a realization ( ! exp]i5ces ( o!r p4 ,already !re is a conviction t we are "u a moral obligation 9 *oos+ our exp]i5ces1 s9ce ! result ( ^? exp]i5ces mu/ ultimately det]m9e our und]/&+ ( life4 ,we "k in/9ctively t if we gr[ contemptu\s ( our fell[s1 & consci\sly limit our int]c\rse to c]ta9 k9ds ( p :om we h previ\sly decid$ to respect1 we n only trem5d\sly circumscribe our range ( life1 b limit ! scope ( our e?ics4 ,we c recall among ! selfi% p ( our acqua9tance at lea/ "o common *>act]i/ic1--! conviction t !y are diff]5t f o!r m5 & wom51 t !y ne$ peculi> consid]ation because !y are m s5sitive or m ref9$4 ,su* p refuse to be b\nd by any relation save ! p]sonally luxuri\s ones ( love & admiration1 or ! id5tity ( political op9ion1 or religi\s cre$4 ,we h le>n$ to recognize !m z selfi%1 al?\gh we blame !m n = ! w :i* *ooses to be selfi%1 b = a n>r[ness ( int]e/ :i* delib]ately selects its exp]i5ce )9 a limit$ sph]e1 & we say t !y illu/rate ! dang] ( conc5trat+ ! m9d on n>r[ & unprogressive issues4 ,we "k1 at la/1 t we c only discov] tru? by a rational & democratic int]e/ 9 life1 & to give tru? complete social expression is ! endeavor ^u :i* we are ent]+4 ,?us ! id5tification ) ! common lot :i* is ! ess5tial idea ( ,democracy becomes ! s\rce & expression ( social e?ics4 ,x is z ?\gh we ?ir/$ to dr9k at ! great wells ( human exp]i5ce1 because we knew t a da9ti] or less pot5t draught w\ld n c>ry u to ! end ( ! j\rney1 go+ =w>d z we mu/ 9 ! heat & jo/le ( ! cr[d4 ,! six foll[+ *apt]s are /udies ( v>i\s types & gr\ps :o are be+ impell$ by ! new] conception ( ,democracy to an acceptance ( social obligations involv+ 9 ea* in/ance a new l9e ( conduct4 ,no attempt is made to rea* a conclusion1 nor to (f] advice beyond ! assumption t ! cure = ! ills ( ,democracy is m ,democracy1 b ! q unlook$-= result ( ! /udies w\ld seem to indicate t :ile ! /ra9 & p]plexity ( ! situation is felt mo/ ke5ly by ! educat$ & self-consci\s memb]s ( ! community1 ! t5tative & actual attempts at adju/m5t are l>gely com+ ?r\gh ^? :o are simpl] & less analytical4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,*>itable ,,ef=t ,all ^? h9ts & glimpses ( a l>g] & m satisfy+ democracy1 :i* lit]ature & our own hopes supply1 h a t5d5cy to slip away f u & to leave u sadly unguid$ & p]plex$ :5 we attempt to act ^u !m4 ,our conceptions ( morality1 z all our o!r ideas1 pass ?r\gh a c\rse ( developm5t2 ! difficulty comes 9 adju/+ our conduct1 :i* has become h>d5$ into cu/oms & habits1 to ^! *ang+ moral conceptions4 ,:5 ?is adju/m5t is n made1 we suff] f ! /ra9 & indecision ( believ+ "o hypo!sis & act+ ^u ano!r4 ,probably !re is no relation 9 life :i* our democracy is *ang+ m rapidly ?an ! *>itable relation--t relation :i* obta9s betwe5 b5efactor & b5efici>y2 at ! same "t !re is no po9t ( contact 9 our mod]n exp]i5ce :i* reveals s cle>ly ! lack ( t equality :i* democracy implies4 ,we h rea*$ ! mom5t :5 democracy has made su* inroads ^u ?is relation%ip1 t ! complac5cy ( ! old-fa%ion$ *>itable man is gone =ev]2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 ! v ne$ & exi/5ce ( *>ity1 d5ies u ! consolation & fre$om :i* democracy w at la/ give4 ,x is q obvi\s t ! e?ics ( none ( u are cle>ly def9$1 & we are cont9ually oblig$ to act 9 circles ( habit1 bas$ ^u convictions :i* we no long] hold4 ,?us our e/imate ( ! effect ( environm5t & social conditions has d\btless %ift$ fa/] ?an our me?ods ( adm9i/rat+ *>ity h *ang$4 ,=m]ly :5 x 0 believ$ t pov]ty 0 synonym\s ) vice & laz9ess1 & t ! prosp]\s man 0 ! righte\s man1 *>ity 0 adm9i/]$ h>%ly ) a good consci5ce2 = ! *>itable ag5t really blam$ ! individual = 8 pov]ty1 & ! v fact ( 8 own sup]ior prosp]ity gave him a c]ta9 consci\sness ( sup]ior morality4 ,we h le>n$ s9ce t "t to measure by o!r /&>ds1 & h ceas$ to accord to ! money-e>n+ capacity exclusive respect2 :ile x is /ill rew>d$ out ( all proportion to any o!r1 its possession is by no means assum$ to imply ! possession ( ! highe/ moral qualities4 ,we h le>n$ to judge m5 by _! social virtues z well z by _! bus9ess capacity1 by _! devotion to intellectual & dis9t]e/$ aims1 & by _! public _s1 & we naturally res5t be+ oblig$ to judge poor p s solely ^u ! indu/rial side4 ,our democratic in/9ct in/antly takes al>m4 ,x is l>gely 9 ?is mod]n t5d5cy to judge all m5 by "o democratic /&>d1 :ile ! old *>itable attitude commonly all[$ ! use ( two /&>ds1 t mu* ( ! difficulty adh]es4 ,we "k t unceas+ bodily toil becomes we>+ & brutaliz+1 & our position is totally unt5able if we judge l>ge numb]s ( our fell[s solely ^u _! success 9 ma9ta9+ x4 ,! da9tily clad *>itable visitor :o /eps into ! little h\se made untidy by ! vigor\s ef=ts ( h] ho/ess1 ! wa%]woman1 is no long] sure ( h] sup]iority to ! latt]2 %e recognizes t h] ho/ess aft] all repres5ts social value & indu/rial use1 z ov] aga9/ h] own p>asitic cleanl9ess & a social /&+ atta9$ only ?r\gh /atus4 ,! only families :o apply = aid to ! *>itable ag5cies are ^? :o h come to grief on ! indu/rial side2 x may be ?r\gh sickness1 ?r\gh loss ( "w1 or = o!r guiltless & inevitable reasons2 b ! fact rema9s t !y are indu/rially ail+1 & mu/ be bol/]$ & help$ into indu/rial heal?4 ,! *>ity visitor1 let u assume1 is a "y college woman1 well-br$ & op5-m9d$2 :5 %e visits ! family assign$ to h]1 %e is (t5 emb>rass$ to f9d h]self oblig$ to lay all ! /ress ( h] tea*+ & advice ^u ! indu/rial virtues1 & to treat ! memb]s ( ! family almo/ exclusively z factors 9 ! indu/rial sy/em4 ,%e insi/s t !y mu/ "w & be self-support+1 t ! mo/ dang]\s ( all situations is idl5ess1 t seek+ "o's own pleasure1 :ile ignor+ claims & responsibilities1 is ! mo/ ignoble ( actions4 ,! memb]s ( h] assign$ family may h o!r *>ms & virtues--!y may possibly be k9d & consid]ate ( ea* o!r1 g5]\s to _! fri5ds1 b x is h] bus9ess to /ick to ! indu/rial side4 ,z %e daily holds up ^! /&>ds1 x (t5 occurs to ! m9d ( ! s5sitive visitor1 ^: consci5ce has be5 made t5d] by mu* talk ( bro!rhood & equality1 t %e has no "r to say ^! ?+s2 t h] untra9$ h&s are no m fitt$ to cope ) actual conditions ?an ^? ( h] brok5-d[n family4 ,! gr&mo!r ( ! *>ity visitor c\ld h done ! indu/rial prea*+ v well1 because %e did h ! indu/rial virtues & h\sewifely tra9+4 ,9 a g5]ation our exp]i5ces h *ang$1 & our views ) !m2 b we /ill keep on 9 ! old me?ods1 :i* c\ld be appli$ :5 our consci5ces 7 9 l9e ) !m1 b :i* are daily becom+ m difficult z we divide up into p :o "w ) _! h&s & ^? :o d n4 ,! *>ity visitor belong+ to ! latt] class is p]plex$ by recognitions & sugge/ions :i* ! situation =ces ^u h]4 ,our democracy has taught u to apply our moral tea*+ all ar\nd1 & ! morali/ is rapidly becom+ s s5sitive t :5 8 life does n exemplify 8 e?ical convictions1 he f9ds x difficult to prea*4 ,add$ to ?is is a consci\sness1 9 ! m9d ( ! visitor1 ( a g5u9e misund]/&+ ( h] motives by ! recipi5ts ( h] *>ity1 & by _! neighbors4 ,let u take a neighborhood ( poor p1 & te/ _! e?ical /&>ds by ^? ( ! *>ity visitor1 :o comes ) ! be/ desire 9 ! _w to help !m out ( _! di/ress4 ,a mo/ /rik+ incongruity1 at once app>5t1 is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! emotional k9dness ) :i* relief is giv5 by "o poor neighbor to ano!r poor neighbor1 & ! gu>d$ c>e ) :i* relief is giv5 by a *>ity visitor to a *>ity recipi5t4 ,! neighborhood m9d is at once confront$ n only by ! diff]5ce ( me?od1 b by an absolute cla%+ ( two e?ical /&>ds4 ,a v little famili>ity ) ! poor di/ricts ( any city is suffici5t to %[ h[ primitive & g5u9e are ! neighborly relations4 ,!re is ! greate/ will+ness to l5d or borr[ any?+1 & all ! resid5ts ( ! giv5 t5em5t "k ! mo/ intimate family affairs ( all ! o!rs4 ,! fact t ! economic condition ( all alike is on a mo/ prec>i\s level makes ! ready outfl[ ( sympa?y & mat]ial assi/ance ! mo/ natural ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,!re are numb]less in/ances ( self-sacrifice q unkn[n 9 ! circles :]e great] economic advantages make t k9d ( intimate k ( "o's neighbors impossible4 ,an ,iri% family 9 :i* ! man has lo/ 8 place1 & ! woman is /ruggl+ to eke out ! scanty sav+s by day's "w1 w take 9 ! wid[ & h] five *ildr5 :o h be5 turn$ into ! /reet1 )\t a mom5t's reflection ^u ! physical discom=ts involv$4 ,! mo/ malign$ l&lady :o lives 9 ! h\se ) h] t5ants is usually ready to l5d a scuttle full ( coal to "o ( !m :o may be out ( "w1 or to %>e h] supp]4 ,a woman = :om ! writ] _h long tri$ 9 va9 to f9d "w fail$ to appe> at ! appo9t$ "t :5 employm5t 0 secur$ at la/4 ,^u inve/igation x transpir$ t a neighbor fur!r d[n ! /reet 0 tak5 ill1 t ! *ildr5 ran = ! family fri5d1 :o w5t ( c\rse1 say+ simply :5 reasons = h] non-appe>ance 7 dem&$1 ,x broke me he>t to leave ! place1 b :at c\ld ,i d8 ,a woman ^: husb& 0 s5t up to ! city prison = ! maximum t]m1 j ?ree mon?s1 be=e ! bir? ( h] *ild f\nd h]self p5niless at ! end ( t "t1 hav+ gradually sold h] supply ( h\sehold furniture4 ,%e took refuge ) a fri5d :om %e suppos$ to be liv+ 9 ?ree rooms 9 ano!r "p ( t[n4 ,:5 %e arriv$1 h[ev]1 %e discov]$ t h] fri5d's husb& _h be5 out ( "w s long t !y _h be5 r$uc$ to liv+ 9 "o room4 ,! fri5d1 h[ev]1 took h] 91 & ! fri5d's husb& 0 oblig$ to sleep ^u a b5* 9 ! p>k e night = a week1 :i* he did uncompla9+ly if n *e]fully4 ,=tunately x 0 summ]1 & x only ra9$ "o night4 ,! writ] c\ld n discov] f ! "y "m t %e _h any special claim ^u ! fri5d beyond ! fact t !y _h =m]ly work$ toge!r 9 ! same factory4 ,! husb& %e _h nev] se5 until ! night ( h] arrival1 :5 he at once w5t =? 9 se>* ( a midwife :o w\ld cons5t to come ^u 8 promise ( future paym5t4 ,! evolutioni/s tell u t ! in/9ct to pity1 ! impulse to aid 8 fell[s1 s]v$ man at a v e>ly p]iod1 z a rude rule ( "r & wrong4 ,!re is no d\bt t ?is rude rule /ill holds among _m p ) :om *>itable ag5cies are br\ght into contact1 & t _! ideas ( "r & wrong are q hone/ly outrag$ by ! me?ods ( ^! ag5cies4 ,:5 !y see ! delay & caution ) :i* relief is giv51 x does n appe> to !m a consci5ti\s scruple1 b z ! cold & calculat+ action ( a selfi% man4 ,x is n ! aid t !y are accu/om$ to receive f _! neighbors1 & !y d n und]/& :y ! impulse :i* drives p to be good to ! poor %\ld be s sev]ely sup]vis$4 ,!y feel1 remotely1 t ! *>ity visitor is mov$ by motives t are ali5 & unreal4 ,!y may be sup]ior motives1 b !y are diff]5t1 & !y are ag9 nature4 ,!y _c compreh5d :y a p]son ^: intellectual p]ceptions are /rong] ?an 8 natural impulses1 %\ld g into *>ity "w at all4 ,! only man !y are accu/om$ to see ^: intellectual p]ceptions are /rong] ?an 8 t5d]ness ( he>t1 is ! selfi% & av>ici\s man :o is frankly on ! make4 ,if ! *>ity visitor is su* a p]son1 :y does %e pret5d to l ! poor8 ,:y does %e n g into bus9ess at once8 ,we may say1 ( c\rse1 t x is a primitive view ( life1 :i* ?us confuses intellectuality & bus9ess ability2 b x is a view q hone/ly held by _m poor p :o are oblig$ to receive *>ity f "t to "t4 ,9 mom5ts ( indignation ! poor h be5 kn[n to say3 ,:at d y want1 anyway8 ,if y h no?+ to give u1 :y n let u alone & /op y\r que/ion+s & inve/igations8 ,!y inve/igat$ me = ?ree weeks1 & 9 ! end gave me no?+ b a black "*1 a little woman has be5 he>d to ass]t4 ,?is indignation1 :i* is = ! mo/ "p taciturn1 & a c]ta9 k9dly contempt = h] abilities1 (t5 puzzles ! *>ity visitor4 ,! latt] may be expla9$ by ! /&>d ( worldly success :i* ! visit$ families hold4 ,success does n ord9>ily g1 9 ! m9ds ( ! poor1 ) *>ity & k9d-he>t$ness1 b r ) ! opposite qualities4 ,! ri* l&lord is he :o collects ) /]nness1 :o accepts no excuse1 & w h 8 own4 ,!re are mom5ts ( irritation & ( real bitt]ness aga9/ him1 b !re is /ill admiration1 because he is ri* & successful4 ,! good-natur$ l&lord1 he :o pities & sp>es 8 pov]ty-press$ t5ants1 is seldom ri*4 ,he (t5 lives 9 ! back ( 8 h\se1 :i* he has own$ = a long "t1 p]haps has inh]it$2 b he has be5 able to accumulate little4 ,he comm&s ! g5u9e love & devotion ( _m a poor s\l1 b he is treat$ ) a c]ta9 lack ( respect4 ,9 "o s5se he is a failure4 ,! *>ity visitor1 j because %e is a p]son :o conc]ns h]self ) ! poor1 receives a c]ta9 am\nt ( ?is good-natur$ & k9dly contempt1 sometimes real affection1 b little g5u9e respect4 ,! poor are accu/om$ to help ea* o!r & to respond accord+ to _! k9dl9ess2 b :5 x comes to worldly judgm5t1 !y use indu/rial success z ! sole /&>d4 ,9 ! case ( ! *>ity visitor :o has nei!r natural k9dness nor dazzl+ ri*es1 !y are depriv$ ( bo? /&>ds1 & !y f9d x ( c\rse utt]ly impossible to judge ( ! motive ( organiz$ *>ity4 ,ev5 ^? ( u :o feel mo/ sorely ! ne$ ( m ord] 9 altrui/ic ef=t & see ! end to be desir$1 f9d some?+ di/a/eful 9 ! juxtaposition ( ! words organiz$ & *>ity4 ,we say 9 def5ce t we are /riv+ to turn ?is emotion into a motive1 t pity is caprici\s1 & n to be dep5d$ on2 t we mean to give x ! dignity ( consci\s duty4 ,b at bottom we di/ru/ a little a s*eme :i* sub/itutes a !ory ( social conduct = ! natural prompt+s ( ! he>t1 ev5 al?\gh we appreciate ! complexity ( ! situation4 ,! poor man :o has fall5 into di/ress1 :5 he fir/ asks aid1 in/9ctively expects t5d]ness1 consid]ation1 & =giv5ess4 ,if x is ! fir/ "t1 x has tak5 him long to make up 8 m9d to take ! /ep4 ,he comes some:at bruis$ & batt]$1 & in/ead ( be+ met ) w>m? ( he>t & sympa?y1 he is at once *ill$ by an inve/igation & an intimation t he ought to "w4 ,he does n recognize ! discipl9>y aspect ( ! situation4 ,! only really popul> *>ity is t ( ! visit+ nurses1 :o by virtue ( _! pr(essional tra9+ r5d] s]vices :i* may easily be int]pret$ into sympa?y & k9dness1 m9i/]+ z !y d to obvi\s ne$s :i* d n require inve/igation4 ,! /ate ( m9d :i* an inve/igation ar\ses on bo? sides is mo/ un=tunate2 b ! p]plexity & cla%+ ( diff]5t /&>ds1 ) ! consequ5t misund]/&+s1 are n s bad z ! moral det]ioration :i* is almo/ sure to foll[4 ,:5 ! ag5t or visitor appe>s among ! poor1 & !y discov] t "u c]ta9 conditions food & r5t & m$ical aid are disp5s$ f "s unkn[n s\rce1 e man1 woman1 & *ild is quick to le>n :at ! conditions may be1 & to foll[ !m4 ,?\gh 9 _! eyes a glass ( be] is q "r & prop] :5 tak5 z any self-respect+ man %\ld take x2 ?\gh !y "k t cleanl9ess is an exp5sive virtue :i* c be requir$ ( few2 ?\gh !y realize t sav+ is well-nigh impossible :5 b a few c5ts c be laid by at a "t2 ?\gh _! feel+ = ! *ur* may be some?+ q elusive ( def9ition & q ap>t f daily liv+3 to ! visitor !y gravely laud temp]ance & cleanl9ess & ?rift & religi\s obs]vance4 ,! deception 9 ! fir/ in/ances arises f a wond]+ inability to und]/& ! e?ical ideals :i* c require su* impossible virtues1 & f an innoc5t desire to please4 ,x is easy to trace ! developm5t ( ! m5tal sugge/ions ?us receiv$4 ,:5 ,a discov]s t ,b1 :o is v little worse (f ?an he1 receives good ?+s f an inexhau/ible supply int5d$ = ! poor at l>ge1 he feels t he too has a claim = 8 %>e1 & /ep by /ep !re is develop$ ! competitive _s :i* s horrifies *>ity visitors :5 x %[s itself 9 a t5d5cy to "w ! relief-giv+ ag5cies4 ,! mo/ s]i\s effect ^u ! poor comes :5 dep5d5ce ^u ! *>itable society is sub/itut$ = ! natural outgo+ ( human love & sympa?y1 :i*1 happily1 we all possess 9 "s degree4 ,! spontane\s impulse to sit up all night ) ! neighbor's sick *ild is turn$ into righte\s indignation aga9/ ! di/rict nurse1 because %e goes home at six o'clock1 & doesn't d x h]self4 ,or ! k9dness :i* w\ld h prompt$ ! quick pur*ase ( mu* ne$$ m$ic9e is trans=m$ into a voluble scor+ ( ! disp5s>y1 because x gives prescriptions & n drugs2 & :o c get well on a piece ( pap]8 ,if a poor woman kn[s t h] neighbor next door has no %oes1 %e is q will+ to l5d h] own1 t h] neighbor may g dec5tly to mass1 or to "w2 = %e kn[s ! smalle/ item ab\t ! scanty w>drobe1 & *e]fully helps out4 ,:5 ! *>ity visitor comes 91 all ! neighbors are baffl$ z to :at h] circum/ances may be4 ,!y "k %e does n ne$ a new pair ( %oes1 & r suspect t %e has a doz5 pairs at home2 :i*1 inde$1 %e sometimes has4 ,!y imag9e untold /ores :i* !y may call ^u1 & h] mo/ g5]\s gift is consid]$ nigg>dly1 comp>$ ) :at %e might d4 ,%e ought to get new %oes = ! family all r\nd1 %e sees well en\gh t !y ne$ !m4 ,x is no m ?an ! neighbor h]self w\ld d1 has practically done1 :5 %e l5t h] own %oes4 ,! *>ity visitor has brok5 ?r\gh ! natural rule ( giv+1 :i*1 9 a primitive society1 is b\nd$ only by ! ne$ ( ! recipi5t & ! res\rces ( ! giv]2 & %e gets h]self into untold tr\ble :5 %e is judg$ by ! e?ics ( t primitive society4 ,! neighborhood und]/&s ! selfi% ri* p :o /ay 9 _! own "p ( t[n1 :]e all _! associates h %oes & o!r ?+s4 ,su* p don't bo!r !mselves ab\t ! poor2 !y are l ! ri* l&lords ( ! neighborhood exp]i5ce4 ,b ?is lady visitor1 :o pret5ds to be good to ! poor1 & c]ta9ly does talk z ?\gh %e 7 k9d-he>t$1 :at does %e come =1 if %e does n int5d to give !m ?+s :i* are s pla9ly ne$$8 ,! visitor says1 sometimes1 t 9 hold+ h] poor family s h>d to a /&>d ( ?rift %e is really break+ d[n a rule ( high] liv+ :i* !y =m]ly possess$2 t sav+1 :i* seems q comm5dable 9 a com=table "p ( t[n1 appe>s almo/ crim9al 9 a poor] qu>t] :]e ! next-door neighbor ne$s food1 ev5 if ! *ildr5 ( ! family d n4 ,%e feels ! sordidness ( con/antly be+ oblig$ to urge ! indu/rial view ( life4 ,! b5evol5t individual ( fifty ye>s ago hone/ly believ$ t indu/ry & self-d5ial 9 y\? w\ld result 9 com=table possessions = old age4 ,x 01 inde$1 ! me?od he _h practis$ 9 8 own y\?1 & by :i* he _h probably obta9$ :atev] =tune he possess$4 ,he !re=e reprov$ ! poor family = indulg+ _! *ildr51 urg$ !m to "w long h\rs1 & 0 utt]ly unt\*$ by _m scruples :i* afflict ! contempor>y *>ity visitor4 ,%e says sometimes1 ,:y mu/ ,i talk always ( gett+ "w & sav+ money1 ! ?+s ,i "k no?+ ab\t8 ,if x 7 any?+ else ,i _h to urge1 ,i c\ld d x2 any?+ l ,lat9 prose1 :i* ,i _h worri$ ?r\gh myself1 x w\ld n be s h>d4 ,b %e f9ds x difficult to connect ! exp]i5ces ( h] y\? ) ! exp]i5ces ( ! visit$ family4 ,because ( ?is div]sity 9 exp]i5ce1 ! visitor is cont9ually surpris$ to f9d t ! safe/ platitude may be *all5g$4 ,%e ref]s q naturally to ! horrors ( ! saloon1 & discov]s t ! head ( h] visit$ family does n connect !m ) horrors at all4 ,he rememb]s all ! k9dnesses he has receiv$ !re1 ! free lun* & treat+ :i* goes on1 ev5 :5 a man is out ( "w & n able to pay up2 ! loan ( five doll>s he got !re :5 ! *>ity visitor 0 miles away & he 0 ?reat5$ ) eviction4 ,he may li/5 politely to h] ref]5ce to horrors1 b consid]s x only temp]ance talk4 ,! *>ity visitor may blame ! wom5 = lack ( g5tl5ess t[>d _! *ildr51 = be+ ha/y & rude to !m1 until %e le>ns t ! /&>d ( bre$+ is n t ( g5tl5ess t[>d ! *ildr5 s mu* z ! obs]vance ( c]ta9 conv5tions1 su* z ! punctili\s we>+ ( m\rn+ g>m5ts aft] ! dea? ( a *ild4 ,! /&>d ( g5tl5ess ea* "m has to "w out l>gely by h]self1 assi/$ only by ! occasional %ame-fac$ rem>k ( a neighbor1 ,t !y d bett] :5 y are n too h>d on !m2 b ! we>+ ( m\rn+ g>m5ts is su/a9$ by ! def9itely express$ s5tim5t ( e woman 9 ! /reet4 ,! "m w\ld h to be> social blame1 a c]ta9 social o/racism1 if %e fail$ to comply ) t requirem5t4 ,x is n com=table to outrage ! conv5tions ( ^? among :om we live1 &1 if our social life be a n>r[ "o1 x is /ill m difficult4 ,! visitor may *oke a little :5 %e sees ! less5$ supply ( food & ! scanty clo?+ provid$ = ! rema9+ *ildr5 9 ord] t "o may be conv5tionally m\rn$1 b %e doesn't talk s /rongly aga9/ x z %e w\ld h done dur+ h] fir/ mon? ( exp]i5ce ) ! family s9ce b]eav$4 ,! subject ( clo!s inde$ p]plexes ! visitor con/antly1 & ! result ( h] reflections may be summ$ up some:at 9 ?is wise3 ,! girl :o has a def9ite social /&+1 :o has be5 to a fa%ionable s*ool or to a college1 ^: family live 9 a h\se se5 & kn[n by all h] fri5ds & associates1 may af=d to be v simple1 or ev5 %abby z to h] clo!s1 if %e likes4 ,b ! work+ girl1 ^: family lives 9 a t5em5t1 or moves f "o small ap>tm5t to ano!r1 :o has little social /&+ & has to make h] own place1 kn[s full well h[ mu* habit & /yle ( dress has to d ) h] position4 ,h] income goes into h] clo?+1 out ( all proportion to ! am\nt :i* %e sp5ds ^u o!r ?+s4 ,b1 if social advancem5t is h] aim1 x is ! mo/ s5sible ?+ %e c d4 ,%e is judg$ l>gely by h] clo!s4 ,h] h\se furni%+1 ) its pitiful little decorations1 h] scanty supply ( books1 are nev] se5 by ! p ^: social op9ions %e mo/ values4 ,h] clo!s are h] backgr\nd1 & f !m %e is l>gely judg$4 ,x is due to ?is fact t girls' clubs succe$ be/ 9 ! bus9ess "p ( t[n1 :]e work+ girls & "y ladies meet ^u an equal foot+1 & :]e ! clo!s sup]ficially look v mu* alike4 ,bright & ambiti\s girls w come to ^! d[n-t[n clubs to eat lun* & re/ at noon1 to /udy all sorts ( subjects & li/5 to lectures1 :5 !y might hesitate a long "t be=e jo9+ a club id5tifi$ ) _! own neighborhood1 :]e !y w\ld be judg$ n solely on _! own m]its & ! unconsci\s social /&+ af=d$ by good clo!s1 b by o!r surr\nd+s :i* are n ne>ly up to ^!4 ,= ! same reason1 girls' clubs are inf9itely m difficult to organize 9 little t[ns & villages1 :]e e "o kn[s e "o else1 j h[ ! front p>lor is furni%$1 & ! am\nt ( mortgage !re is ^u ! h\se4 ,^! facts get 9 ! way ( a cle> & unbiass$ judgm5t2 !y imp$e ! democratic relation%ip & add to ! self-consci\sness ( all conc]n$4 ,e "o :o has _h to d ) d[n-t[n girls' clubs has _h ! exp]i5ce ( go+ into ! home ( "s bright1 well-dress$ girl1 to discov] x uncom=table & p]haps wret*$1 & to f9d ! girl aft]w>d c>efully avoid+ h]1 al?\gh ! work+ girl may n h be5 at home :5 ! call 0 made1 & ! visitor may h c>ri$ h]self ) ! utmo/ c\rtesy ?r\gh\t4 ,9 "s v successful d[n-t[n clubs ! home address is n giv5 at all1 & only ! bus9ess address is requir$4 ,h we work$ out our democracy fur!r 9 reg>d to clo!s ?an any?+ else8 ,! *>ity visitor has be5 rightly br\ght up to consid] x vulg> to sp5d mu* money ^u clo!s1 to c>e s mu* = appe>ances4 ,%e realizes dimly t ! c>e = p]sonal decoration ov] t = "o's home or habitat is 9 "s way primitive & undevelop$2 b %e is sil5c$ by its obvi\s ne$4 ,%e also cat*es a glimpse ( ! fact t ! disproportionate exp5diture ( ! poor 9 ! matt] ( clo!s is l>gely due to ! exclusiv5ess ( ! ri* :o hide f !m ! int]ior ( _! h\ses1 & _! m subtle pleasures1 :ile ( necessity exhibit+ _! /reet clo!s & _! /reet mann]s4 ,e "o :o goes %opp+ at ! same "t may see ! clo!s ( ! ri*e/ wom5 9 t[n1 b only ^? invit$ to h] receptions see ! ,corot on h] walls or ! b9d+s 9 h] libr>y4 ,! poor naturally try to bridge ! diff]5ce by reproduc+ ! /reet clo!s :i* !y h se54 ,!y are /riv+ to con=m to a common /&>d :i* _! democratic tra9+ presupposes belongs to all ( u4 ,! *>ity visitor may regret t ! ,italian peasant woman has laid aside h] picturesque k]*ief & sub/itut$ a *eap /reet hat4 ,b x is easy to recognize ! fir/ attempt t[>d democratic expression4 ,! *>ity visitor f9ds h]self /ill m p]plex$ :5 %e comes to consid] su* problems z ^? ( e>ly m>riage & *ild labor2 = %e _c deal ) !m accord+ to economic !ories1 or accord+ to ! conv5tions :i* h regulat$ h] own life4 ,%e f9ds bo? ( ^! fairly upset by h] intimate k ( ! situation1 & h] sympa?y = ^? into ^: lives %e has ga9$ a curi\s insight4 ,%e discov]s h[ incorrigibly b\rgeois h] /&>ds h be51 & x takes b a little "t to rea* ! conclusion t %e _c insi/ s /r5u\sly ^u ! conv5tions ( h] own class1 :i* fail to fit ! bigg]1 m emotional1 & fre] lives ( work+ p4 ,! *>ity visitor holds well-gr\nd$ views ^u ! imprud5ce ( e>ly m>riages1 q naturally because %e comes f a family & circle ( pr(essional & bus9ess p4 ,a pr(essional man is sc>cely equipp$ & />t$ 9 8 pr(ession be=e he is ?irty4 ,a bus9ess man1 if he is on ! road to success1 is mu* ne>] prosp]ity at ?irty-five ?an tw5ty-five1 & x is !re=e wise = ^! m5 n to m>ry 9 ! tw5ties2 b ?is does n apply to ! work+man4 ,9 _m trades he is laid ^u ! %elf at ?irty-five1 & 9 ne>ly all trades he receives ! l>ge/ wages 9 8 life betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty4 ,if ! "y work+man has all 8 wages to himself1 he w probably e/abli% habits ( p]sonal com=t1 :i* he _c keep up :5 he has to divide ) a family--habits :i* he c1 p]haps1 nev] ov]come4 ,! s5se ( prud5ce1 ! necessity = sav+1 c nev] come to a primitive1 emotional man ) ! =ce ( a conviction2 b ! necessity ( provid+ = 8 *ildr5 is a p[]ful inc5tive4 ,he naturally reg>ds 8 *ildr5 z 8 sav+s-bank2 he expects !m to c>e = him :5 he gets old1 & 9 "s trades old age comes v e>ly4 ,a ,jewi% tailor 0 q lately s5t to ! ,cook ,c\nty poorh\se1 p>alyz$ beyond recov]y at ! age ( ?irty-five4 ,_h 8 little boy ( n9e be5 b a few ye>s old]1 he might h be5 sp>$ ?is sorr[ ( public *>ity4 ,he 01 9 fact1 bett] able to well support a family :5 he 0 tw5ty ?an :5 he 0 ?irty-five1 = 8 wages _h /eadily gr[n less z ! ye>s w5t on4 ,ano!r tailor :om ,i "k1 :o is also a ,sociali/1 always speaks ( sav+ z a b\rgeois virtue1 "o q impossible to ! g5u9e work+man4 ,he supports a family consi/+ ( himself1 a wife & ?ree *ildr51 & 8 two p>5ts on eight doll>s a week4 ,he insi/s x w\ld be crim9al n to exp5d e p5ny ( ?is am\nt ^u food & %elt]1 & he expects 8 *ildr5 lat] to c>e = him4 ,?is economic pressure also acc\nts = ! t5d5cy to put *ildr5 to "w ov]y\ng & ?us cripple _! *ances = individual developm5t & usefulness1 & ) ! av>ici\s p>5t also leads to exploitation4 ,i h f$ h] = f\rte5 ye>s1 n[ %e c help me pay my mortgage is n an unusual reply :5 a h>dwork+ fa!r is expo/ulat$ ) because he w\ld take 8 bright daught] out ( s*ool & put h] into a factory4 ,x has long be5 a common error = ! *>ity visitor1 :o is /rongly urg+ h] family t[>d self-support1 to sugge/1 or at lea/ connive1 t ! *ildr5 be put to "w e>ly1 al?\gh %e has n ! excuse t ! p>5ts h4 ,x is s easy1 aft] "o has be5 tak+ ! indu/rial view = a long "t1 to =get ! l>g] & m social claim2 to urge t ! boy g to "w & support 8 p>5ts1 :o are receiv+ *>itable aid4 ,%e does n realize :at a cruel advantage ! p]son :o di/ributes *>ity has1 :5 %e gives advice4 ,! manag] 9 a huge m]cantile e/abli%m5t employ+ _m *ildr5 0 able to %[ dur+ a *ild-labor inve/igation1 t ! only *ildr5 "u f\rte5 ye>s ( age 9 8 employ 7 protgs :o _h be5 urg$ ^u him by philan?ropic ladies1 n only acqua9tances ( 81 b valu$ patrons ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,x is n t ! *>ity visitor is less wise ?an o!r p1 b %e has fix$ h] m9d s long ^u ! indu/rial lam5ess ( h] family t %e is eag] to seize any crut*1 h[ev] weak1 :i* may enable !m to get on4 ,%e has fail$ to see t ! boy :o attempts to prematurely support 8 wid[$ "m may l[] wages1 add an illit]ate memb] to ! community1 & arre/ ! developm5t ( a capable work+man4 ,z %e has fail$ to see t ! rules :i* obta9 9 reg>d to ! age ( m>riage 9 h] own family may n apply to ! work+man1 s also %e fails to und]/& t ! pres5t conditions ( employm5t surr\nd+ a factory *ild are totally unlike ^? :i* obta9$ dur+ ! en]getic y\? ( h] fa!r4 ,! *ild :o is prematurely put to "w is con/antly oppress$ by ?is nev] end+ "q ( ! means ( subsi/5ce1 & ev5 little *ildr5 are sometimes almo/ cru%$ ) ! c>es ( life ?r\gh _! affectionate sympa?y4 ,! writ] kn[s a little ,italian lad ( six to :om ! problems ( food1 clo?+1 & %elt] h become s imm$iate & press+ t1 al?\gh an imag9ative *ild1 he is unable to see life f any o!r /&po9t4 ,! gobl9 or bugaboo1 fe>$ by ! m =tunate *ild1 9 8 m9d1 has come to be ! ne$ ( coal :i* caus$ 8 fa!r hy/]ical & demon/rative grief :5 x c>ri$ (f 8 "m's inh]it$ l951 ! mosaic ( ,/4 ,joseph1 &1 wor/ ( all1 8 own rubb] boots4 ,he once came to a p>ty at ,hull-,h\se1 & 0 int]e/$ 9 no?+ save a gas /ove :i* he saw 9 ! kit*54 ,he became excit$ ov] ! discov]y t fire c\ld be produc$ )\t fuel4 ,i w tell my fa!r ( ?is /ove4 ,y buy no coal1 y ne$ only a mat*4 ,anybody w give y a mat*4 ,he 0 tak5 to visit at a c\ntry-h\se & at once inquir$ h[ mu* r5t 0 paid = x4 ,on be+ told c>elessly by 8 ho/ess t !y paid no r5t = t h\se1 he came back q wild ) int]e/ t ! problem 0 solv$4 ,me & my fa!r w g to ! c\ntry4 ,y get a big h\se1 all w>m1 )\t r5t4 ,no?+ else 9 ! c\ntry int]e/$ him b ! subject ( r5t1 & he talk$ ( t ) an exclusiv5ess wor?y ( a s+le tax]4 ,! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 :i* is s mu* h>%] among p ne> ! edge ( paup]ism1 sometimes leaves ugly m>ks on "*1 & ! *>ity visitor f9ds ^! indirect results mo/ my/ify+4 ,p>5ts :o "w h>d & anticipate an old age :5 !y c no long] e>n1 take c>e t _! *ildr5 %all expect to divide _! wages ) !m f ! v fir/4 ,su* a p>5t1 :5 successful1 impresses ! immature n]v\s sy/em ( ! *ild ?us tyrannically e/abli%+ habits ( ob$i5ce1 s t ! n]ves & w may n dep>t f ?is control :5 ! *ild is old]4 ,! *>ity visitor1 ^: family relation is lift$ q out ( ?is1 does n 9 ! lea/ und]/& ! indu/rial f\ndation = ?is family tyranny4 ,! head ( a k9d]g>t5 tra9+-class once address$ a club ( work+ wom51 & spoke ( ! despotism :i* is (t5 e/abli%$ ov] little *ildr54 ,%e said t ! s-call$ det]m9ation to break a *ild's w _m times arose f a lu/ ( dom9ion1 & %e urg$ ! ideal relation%ip f\nd$ ^u love & confid5ce4 ,b _m ( ! wom5 7 puzzl$4 ,"o ( !m rem>k$ to ! writ] z %e came out ( ! club room1 ,if y did n keep control ov] !m f ! "t !y 7 little1 y w\ld nev] get _! wages :5 !y are gr[n up4 ,ano!r "o said1 ,ah1 ( c\rse %e 7mean+ ! speak]7 doesn't h to dep5d ^u h] *ildr5's wages4 ,%e c af=d to be lax ) !m1 because ev5 if !y don't give money to h]1 %e c get along )\t x4 ,!re are an impressive numb] ( *ildr5 :o uncompla9+ly & con/antly h& ov] _! weekly wages to _! p>5ts1 sometimes receiv+ back t5 c5ts or a qu>t] = sp5d+-money1 b q z (t5 no?+ at all2 & ! writ] kn[s "o girl ( tw5ty-five :o = six ye>s has receiv$ two c5ts a week f ! con/antly fall+ wages :i* %e e>ns 9 a l>ge factory4 ,is x habit or virtue :i* holds h] /eady 9 ?is c\rse8 ,if love & t5d]ness _h be5 sub/itut$ = p>5tal despotism1 w\ld ! "m h _h en\gh affection1 en\gh p[] ( expression to hold h] daught]'s s5se ( money obligation ?r\gh all ^! ye>s8 ,?is girl :o sp5ds h] paltry two c5ts on *ew+-gum & goes pla9ly clad 9 clo!s ( h] "m's *oos+1 :ile _m ( h] fri5ds sp5d _! entire wages on ^? clo!s :i* factory girls love s well1 mu/ be held by "s p[]ful =ce4 ,! *>ity visitor f9ds ^! subtle & elusive problems mo/ h>r[+4 ,! head ( a family %e is visit+ is a man :o has become black-li/$ 9 a /rike4 ,he is n a v good workman1 & ?is1 add$ to 8 agitator's reputation1 keeps him out ( "w = a long "t4 ,! fatal result ( be+ long out ( "w foll[s3 he becomes less & less eag] = x1 & gets a job less & less frequ5tly4 ,9 ord] to keep up 8 self-respect1 & /ill m to keep 8 wife's respect = him1 he yields to ! little self-deception t ?is prolong$ idl5ess foll[s because he 0 once blackli/$1 & he gradually becomes a m>tyr4 ,deep d[n 9 8 he>t p]haps--b :o kn[s :at may be deep d[n 9 8 he>t8 ,:atev] may be 9 8 wife's1 %e does n %[ = an in/ant t %e ?9ks he has gr[n lazy1 & accu/om$ to see h] e>n1 by sew+ & clean+1 mo/ ( ! scanty income = ! family4 ,! *>ity visitor1 h[ev]1 does see ?is1 & %e also sees t ! o!r m5 :o 7 9 ! /rike h gone back to "w4 ,%e fur!r kn[s by inquiry & a little exp]i5ce t ! man is n skilful4 ,%e _c1 h[ev]1 call him lazy & good-=-no?+1 & d5\nce him z wor?less z h] gr&mo!r might h done1 because ( c]ta9 intellectual conceptions at :i* %e has arriv$4 ,%e sees o!r workm5 come to him = %rewd advice2 %e kn[s t he sp5ds _m m h\rs 9 ! public libr>y read+ good books ?an ! av]age workman has "t to d4 ,he has =m$ no bad habits & has yield$ only to ^? subtle temptations t[>d a life ( leisure :i* come to ! intellectual man4 ,he lacks ! qualifications :i* w\ld induce 8 union to engage him z a secret>y or organiz]1 b he is a con/ant speak] at work+m5's meet+s1 & takes a high moral attitude on ! que/ions discuss$ !re4 ,he contributes a c]ta9 intellectuality to 8 fri5ds1 & he has und\bt$ social value4 ,! neighbor+ wom5 confide to ! *>ity visitor _! sympa?y ) 8 wife1 because %e has to "w s h>d1 & because h] husb& does n provide4 ,_! rem>ks are %>p5$ by a c]ta9 res5tm5t t[>d ! sup]iority ( ! husb&'s education & g5tle mann]s4 ,! *>ity visitor is a%am$ to take ?is po9t ( view1 = %e kn[s t x is n altoge!r fair4 ,%e is rem9d$ ( a college fri5d ( h]s1 :o told h] t %e 0 n go+ to all[ h] lit]>y husb& to write unwor?y potboil]s = ! sake ( e>n+ a liv+4 ,i insi/ t we %all live )9 my own income2 t he %all n publi% until he is ready1 & c give 8 g5u9e message4 ,! *>ity visitor recalls :at %e has he>d ( ano!r acqua9tance1 :o urg$ h] husb& to decl9e a lucrative position z a railroad attorney1 because %e wi%$ him to be free to take municipal positions1 & h&le public que/ions )\t ! inevitable suspicion :i* unacc\ntably atta*es itself 9 a corrupt city to a corporation attorney4 ,! action ( ^! two wom5 seem$ noble to h]1 b 9 _! cases !y m]ely liv$ on a less] income4 ,9 ! case ( ! work+man's wife1 %e fac$ liv+ on no income at all1 or on ! prec>i\s "o :i* %e might be able to get toge!r4 ,%e sees t ?is ?ird woman has made ! greate/ sacrifice1 & %e is utt]ly unwill+ to condemn h] :ile prais+ ! fri5ds ( h] own social position4 ,%e realizes1 ( c\rse1 t ! situation is *ang$ by ! fact t ! ?ird family ne$s *>ity1 :ile ! o!r two d n2 b1 aft] all1 !y h n ask$ = x1 & _! plight 0 only discov]$ ?r\gh an accid5t to "o ( ! *ildr54 ,! *>ity visitor has be5 taught t h] mission is to pres]ve ! f9e/ traits to be f\nd 9 h] visit$ family1 & %e %r9ks f ! ?\ght ( conv9c+ ! wife t h] husb& is wor?less & %e suspects t %e might turn all ?is beautiful devotion into compla9+ drudg]y4 ,to be sure1 %e c\ld give up visit+ ! family altoge!r1 b %e has become mu* int]e/$ 9 ! progress ( ! crippl$ *ild :o eag]ly anticipates h] visits1 & %e also suspects t %e w nev] "k _m f9] wom5 ?an ! "m4 ,%e is unwill+1 !re=e1 to give up ! fri5d%ip1 & goes on be>+ h] p]plexities z be/ %e may4 ,! fir/ impulse ( our *>ity visitor is to be some:at sev]e ) h] %iftless family = sp5d+ money on pleasures & indulg+ _! *ildr5 out ( all proportion to _! means4 ,! poor family :i* receives beans & coal f ! c\nty1 & pays = a bicycle on ! in/alm5t plan1 is n unkn[n to any ( u4 ,b z ! gr[? ( juv5ile crime becomes gradually und]/ood1 & z ! dang] ( giv+ no legitimate & organiz$ pleasure to ! *ild becomes cle>]1 we rememb] t primitive man _h games long be=e he c>$ = a h\se or regul> meals4 ,!re are c]ta9 boys 9 _m city neighborhoods :o =m !mselves into little gangs ) a lead] :o is some:at m intrepid ?an ! re/4 ,_! favorite p]=mance is to break into an unt5ant$ h\se1 to knock (f ! faucets1 & cut ! lead pipe1 :i* !y sell to ! ne>e/ junk deal]4 ,) ! money ?us procur$ !y buy be] & dr9k x 9 little free-boot]'s gr\ps sitt+ 9 ! alley4 ,f beg9n+ to end !y h ! excitem5t ( kn[+ t !y may be se5 & caught by ! copp]s1 & are at times q brea?less ) susp5se4 ,x is n ! lea/ unlike1 9 motive & execution1 ! practice ( c\ntry boys :o g =? 9 squads to set traps = rabbits or to r\nd up a coon4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by a pure _s = adv5ture1 & ! vici\s tra9+ really beg9s :5 !y are arre/$1 or :5 an old] boy und]takes to guide !m into fur!r excitem5ts4 ,f ! v beg9n+ ! mo/ entic+ & excit+ exp]i5ces :i* !y h se5 h be5 connect$ ) crime4 ,! policeman embodies all ! maje/y ( successful law & e/abli%$ gov]nm5t 9 8 brass buttons & dazzl+ly equipp$ patrol wagon4 ,! boy :o has be5 arre/$ comes back m or less a h]o ) a tale to tell ( ! int]ior recesses ( ! my/]i\s police /ation4 ,! e>lie/ public excitem5t ! *ild rememb]s is divid$ betwe5 ! rattl+ fire eng9es1 ! "t !re 0 a fire 9 ! next block1 & all ! t5se int]e/ ( ! patrol wagon ! "t ! drunke/ lady 9 our /reet 0 arre/$4 ,9 ! fir/ ye> ( _! settlem5t ! ,hull-,h\se resid5ts took fifty k9d]g>t5 *ildr5 to ,l9coln ,p>k1 only to be griev$ by _! apa!tic int]e/ 9 trees & fl[]s4 ,z !y came back ) an omnibus full ( tir$ & sleepy *ildr51 !y 7 surpris$ to f9d !m galvaniz$ into sudd5 life because a patrol wagon rattl$ by4 ,_! eag] little heads popp$ out ( ! w9d[s full ( que/ion+3 ,0 x a man or a woman8 ,h[ _m policem5 inside8 & eag] little tongues began to tell exp]i5ces ( arre/s :i* baby eyes _h witness$4 ,! excitem5t ( a *ase1 ! *ances ( competition1 & ! love ( a fight are all c5tr$ 9 ! outw>d display ( crime4 ,! p>5t :o receives *>itable aid & yet provides pleasure = 8 *ild1 & is will+ to indulge him 9 8 play1 is bl9dly do+ "o ( ! wise/ ?+s possible2 & no "o is m eag] = playgr\nds & vacation s*ools ?an ! consci5ti\s *>ity visitor4 ,?is v imag9ative impulse & attempt to live 9 a pictur$ _w ( _! own1 :i* seems ! simple/ pr]ogative ( *ildhood1 (t5 leads ! boys into difficulty4 ,?ree boys ag$ sev51 n9e1 & t5 7 once br\ght into a neighbor+ police /ation "u ! *>ge ( pilf]+ & de/roy+ prop]ty4 ,!y _h dug a cave "u a railroad viaduct 9 :i* !y _h sp5t _m days & nights ( ! summ] vacation4 ,!y _h swip$ potatoes & o!r vegetables f huck/]s' c>ts1 :i* !y _h cook$ & eat5 9 true brig& fa%ion2 !y _h decorat$ ! int]ior ( ! excavation ) /ol5 junk1 repres5t+ swords & fire>ms1 to _! romantic imag9ations4 ,! fa!r ( ! r+lead] 0 a janitor liv+ 9 a build+ five miles away 9 a prosp]\s portion ( ! city4 ,! l&lord did n want an active boy 9 ! build+1 & 8 "m 0 dead2 ! janitor paid = ! boy's bo>d & lodg+ to a ne$y woman liv+ ne> ! viaduct4 ,%e consci5ti\sly gave him 8 breakfa/ & supp]1 & left some?+ 9 ! h\se = 8 d9n] e morn+ :5 %e w5t to "w 9 a neighbor+ factory2 b 0 too tir$ by night to *all5ge 8 /atem5t t he w\ld r sleep outdoors 9 ! summ]1 or to inve/igate :at he did dur+ ! day4 ,9 ! meantime ! ?ree boys liv$ 9 a _w ( _! own1 made up f ! read+ ( adv5tur\s /ories & _! vivid imag9ations1 /eadily pilf]+ m & m z ! days w5t by1 & actually imp]ill+ ! safety ( ! traffic pass+ ov] ! /reet on ! top ( ! viaduct4 ,9 spite ( vigor\s ex]tions on _! behalf1 "o ( ! boys 0 s5t to ! ,re=m ,s*ool1 com=t+ himself ) ! conclusive rem>k1 ,well1 we _h fun anyway1 & maybe !y w let u dig a cave at ! ,s*ool2 x is 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e we c't hurt any?+4 ,9 addition to books ( adv5ture1 or ev5 read+ ( any sort1 ! sc5es & ideals ( ! !atre l>gely =m ! mann]s & morals ( ! "y p4 ,go+ to ! !atre is inde$ ! mo/ common & satisfactory =m ( recreation4 ,_m boys :o consci5ti\sly give all _! wages to _! mo!rs h return$ ea* week t5 c5ts to pay = a seat 9 ! gall]y ( a !atre on ,sunday aft]noon4 ,x is _! "o satisfactory glimpse ( life--! mom5t :5 !y issue =? f !mselves & are /irr$ & ?or\ghly int]e/$4 ,!y q simply adopt z _! own1 & imitate z be/ !y c1 all t !y see !re4 ,9 mom5ts ( g5u9e grief & excitem5t ! words & ! ge/ures !y employ are ^? copi$ f ! /age1 & ! tawdry expression (t5 conflicts hide\sly ) ! f9e & g5u9e emotion ( :i* x is ! inadequate & vulg> vehicle4 ,z 9 ! matt] ( dress1 m ref9$ & simpl] mann]s & mode ( expressions are unse5 by !m1 & !y mu/ p]=ce copy :at !y "k4 ,if we agree ) a rec5t def9ition ( ,art1 z t :i* causes ! spectator to lose 8 s5se ( isolation1 !re is no d\bt t ! popul> !atre1 ) all its faults1 m ne>ly fulfils ! function ( art = ! multitude ( work+ p ?an all ! free gall]ies & picture exhibits comb9$4 ,! greate/ difficulty is exp]i5c$ :5 ! two /&>ds come %>ply toge!r1 & :5 bo? sides make an attempt at und]/&+ & explanation4 ,! difficulty ( mak+ cle> "o's own e?ical /&po9t is at times insurm\ntable4 ,a woman :o _h b\ght & sold s*ool books /ol5 f ! s*ool fund1--books :i* are all pla9ly m>k$ ) a r$ /amp1--came to ,hull ,h\se "o morn+ 9 great di/ress because %e _h be5 arre/$1 & begg$ a resid5t to speak to ! judge4 ,%e gave z a reason ! fact t ! ,h\se _h kn[n h] = six ye>s1 & _h once be5 v good to h] :5 h] little girl 0 buri$4 ,! resid5t m ?an suspect$ t h] visitor knew ! s*ool books 7 /ol5 :5 buy+ !m1 & any attempt to talk ^u t subject 0 evid5tly consid]$ v rude4 ,! visitor wi%$ to get out ( h] trial1 & evid5tly saw no reason :y ! ,h\se %\ld n help h]4 ,! ald]man 0 out ( t[n1 s %e c\ld n g to him4 ,aft] a long conv]sation ! visitor entirely fail$ to get ano!r po9t ( view & w5t away griev$ & disappo9t$ at a refusal1 ?9k+ ! resid5t simply disoblig+2 wond]+1 no d\bt1 :y su* a mean woman _h once be5 good to h]2 leav+ ! resid5t1 on ! o!r h&1 utt]ly baffl$ & 9 ! /ate ( m9d %e w\ld h be5 91 _h %e brutally insi/$ t a little *ild %\ld lift weights too heavy = its undevelop$ muscles4 ,su* a situation br+s out ! impossibility ( sub/itut+ a high] e?ical /&>d = a l[] "o )\t simil>ity ( exp]i5ce1 b x is n z pa9ful z t illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ example1 9 :i* ! highe/ e?ical /&>d yet atta9$ by ! *>ity recipi5t is brok5 d[n1 & ! sub/itut$ "o n 9 ! lea/ und]/ood3-- ,a c]ta9 *>ity visitor is peculi>ly appeal$ to by ! weakness & pa?os ( =lorn old age4 ,%e is responsible = ! well-be+ ( p]haps a doz5 old wom5 to :om %e su/a9s a s9c]ely affectionate & almo/ filial relation4 ,"s ( !m le>n to take h] b5efactions q z if !y came f _! own relatives1 grumbl+ at all %e does1 & scold+ h] ) a family fre$om4 ,"o ( ^! poor old wom5 0 injur$ 9 a fire ye>s ago4 ,%e has b ! fragm5t ( a h& left1 & is griev\sly crippl$ 9 h] feet4 ,?r\gh ye>s ( pa9 %e _h become addict$ to opium1 & :5 %e fir/ came "u ! visitor's c>e1 0 only held f ! poorh\se by ! awful ?\ght t %e w\ld !re p]i% )\t h] drug4 ,five ye>s ( t5d] c>e h done wond]s = h]4 ,%e lives 9 two neat little rooms1 :]e ) h] ?umb & two f+]s %e makes innum]able quilts1 :i* %e sells & gives away ) ! greate/ delight4 ,h] opium is regulat$ to a set am\nt tak5 ea* day1 & %e has be5 drawn away f mu* dr9k+4 ,%e is a voraci\s read]1 & has h] head full ( /range tales made up f books & h] own imag9ation4 ,at "o "t x seem$ impossible to d any?+ = h] 9 ,*icago1 & %e 0 kept = two ye>s 9 a suburb1 :]e ! family ( ! *>ity visitor liv$1 & :]e %e 0 nurs$ ?r\gh sev]al haz>d\s illnesses4 ,%e n[ lives a bett] life ?an %e did1 b %e is /ill f> f be+ a model old woman4 ,! neighbors are con/antly %ock$ by ! fact t %e is support$ & com=t$ by a *>ity lady1 :ile at ! same "t %e occasionally ru%es ! gr[l]1 scold+ at ! boys le/ !y j> h] 9 h] tott]+ walk4 ,! c>e ( h] has brok5 ?r\gh ev5 t second /&>d1 :i* ! neighborhood _h le>n$ to recognize z ! /&>d ( *>itable societies1 t only ! wor?y poor are to be help$2 t temp]ance & ?rift are ! virtues :i* receive ! plums ( b5evol5ce4 ,! old lady h]self is consci\s ( ?is criticism4 ,inde$1 irate neighbors tell h] to h] face t %e doesn't 9 ! lea/ des]ve :at %e gets4 ,9 ord] to dis>m !m1 & at ! same "t to expla9 :at w\ld o!rwise seem lov+-k9dness s colossal z to be abnormal1 %e tells !m t dur+ h] soj\rn 9 ! suburb %e discov]$ an awful family secret1--a horrible sc&al connect$ ) ! long-suff]+ *>ity visitor2 t x is 9 ord] to prev5t ! divulg5ce ( ?is t %e con/antly receives h] m9i/rations4 ,"s ( h] p]plex$ neighbors accept ?is explanation z simple & (f]+ a solution ( ?is vex$ problem4 ,d\btless _m ( !m h a glimpse ( ! real /ate ( affairs1 ( ! love & pati5ce :i* m9i/]s to ne$ irrespective ( wor?4 ,b ! /&>d is too high = mo/ ( !m1 & x sometimes seems un=tunate to break d[n ! second /&>d1 :i* holds t p :o ru% ! gr[l] are n wor?y ( *>ity1 & t !re is a c]ta9 ju/ice atta9$ :5 !y g to ! poorh\se4 ,x is c]ta9ly dang]\s to break d[n ! l[]1 unless ! high] is made cle>4 ,j :5 our affection becomes l>ge en\gh to c>e = ! unwor?y among ! poor z we w\ld c>e = ! unwor?y among our own k91 is c]ta9ly a p]plex+ "q4 ,to say t x %\ld nev] be s1 is a comm5t ^u our democratic relations to !m :i* few ( u w\ld be will+ to make4 ,( :at use is all ?is /riv+ & p]plexity8 ,has ! exp]i5ce any value8 ,x is c]ta9ly g5u9e1 = x induces an occasional *>ity visitor to live 9 a t5em5t h\se z simply z ! o!r t5ants d4 ,x drives o!rs to give up visit+ ! poor altoge!r1 because1 !y claim1 x is q impossible unless ! individual becomes a memb] ( a si/]hood1 :i* requires1 z "s ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic si/]hoods d1 t ! memb] fir/ take ! v[s ( ob$i5ce & pov]ty1 s t %e c h no?+ to give save z x is fir/ giv5 to h]1 & ?us %e is n h>ass$ by a con/ant attempt at adju/m5t4 ,bo? ! t5em5t-h\se resid5t & ! si/] assume to h put !mselves ^u ! indu/rial level ( _! neighbors1 al?\gh !y h left out ! mo/ awful elem5t ( pov]ty1 t ( imm95t fe> ( />vation & a neglect$ old age4 ,! "y *>ity visitor :o goes f a family liv+ ^u a mo/ prec>i\s indu/rial level to h] own home 9 a prosp]\s "p ( ! city1 if %e is s5sitive at all1 is nev] free f p]plexities :i* our gr[+ democracy =ces ^u h]4 ,we sometimes say t our *>ity is too sci5tific1 b we w\ld d\btless be mu* m correct 9 our e/imate if we said t x is n sci5tific en\gh4 ,we dislike ! entire arrangem5t ( c>ds alphabetically classifi$ accord+ to /reets & names ( families1 ) ! unrelat$ & mean+less details atta*$ to !m4 ,our feel+ ( revolt is probably n unlike t :i* afflict$ ! /ud5ts ( botany & geology 9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 :5 fl[]s 7 tabulat$ 9 alphabetical ord]1 :5 geology 0 taught by color$ *>ts & ?9 books4 ,no d\bt ! /ud5ts1 we>i$ to dea?1 _m times said t x 0 all too sci5tific1 & 7 mu* p]plex$ & worri$ :5 !y f\nd traces ( /ructure & physiology :i* _! s-call$ sci5tific pr9ciples 7 totally unable to acc\nt =4 ,b all ?is happ5$ be=e sci5ce _h become evolution>y & sci5tific at all1 be=e x _h a pr9ciple ( life f )94 ,! v indications & discov]ies :i* =m]ly p]plex$1 lat] illum9$ & made ! /udy absorb+ & vital4 ,we are s+ul>ly sl[ to apply ?is evolution>y pr9ciple to human affairs 9 g5]al1 al?\gh x is fa/ be+ appli$ to ! education ( *ildr54 ,we are at la/ le>n+ to foll[ ! developm5t ( ! *ild2 to expect c]ta9 traits "u c]ta9 conditions2 to adapt me?ods & matt] to 8 gr[+ m9d4 ,no advanc$ educator c all[ himself to be s absorb$ 9 ! "q ( :at a *ild ought to be z to exclude ! discov]y ( :at he is4 ,b 9 our *>itable ef=ts we ?9k mu* m ( :at a man ought to be ?an ( :at he is or ( :at he may become2 & we ru?lessly =ce our conv5tions & /&>ds ^u him1 ) a /]nness :i* we w\ld consid] /upid inde$ did an educator use x 9 =c+ 8 mature intellectual convictions ^u an undevelop$ m9d4 ,let u take ! example ( a timid *ild1 :o cries :5 he is put to b$ because he is afraid ( ! d>k4 ,! s(t-he>t$ p>5t /ays ) him1 simply because he is sorry = him & wants to com=t him4 ,! sci5tifically tra9$ p>5t /ays ) him1 because he realizes t ! *ild is 9 a /age ( developm5t 9 :i* 8 imag9ation has ! be/ ( him1 & 9 :i* x is impossible to reason him out ( a belief 9 gho/s4 ,^! two p>5ts1 wide ap>t 9 po9t ( view1 aft] all act mu* alike1 & bo? v diff]5tly f ! pseudo-sci5tific p>5t1 :o acts f dogmatic conviction & is sure he is "r4 ,he talks ( develop+ 8 *ild's self-respect & good s5se1 & leaves him to cry himself to sleep1 dem&+ p[]s ( self-control & developm5t :i* ! *ild does n possess4 ,!re is no d\bt t our developm5t ( *>ity me?ods has rea*$ ?is pseudo-sci5tific & /ilt$ /age4 ,we h le>n$ to condemn un?9k+1 ill-regulat$ k9d-he>t$ness1 & we take great pride 9 m]e repression mu* z ! /]n p>5t tells ! visitor bel[ h[ admirably he is re>+ ! *ild1 :o is hy/]ically cry+ up/airs & lay+ ! f\ndation = future n]v\s disord]s4 ,! pseudo-sci5tific _s1 or r1 ! undevelop$ /age ( our philan?ropy1 is p]haps mo/ cle>ly reveal$ 9 our t5d5cy to lay con/ant /ress on negative action4 ,don't give2 don't break d[n self-respect1 we are con/antly told4 ,we di/ru/ ! human impulse z well z ! tea*+s ( our own exp]i5ce1 & 9 _! /ead sub/itute dogmatic rules = conduct4 ,we =get t ! accumulation ( k & ! hold+ ( convictions mu/ f9ally result 9 ! application ( t k & ^? convictions to life itself2 t ! necessity = activity & a pull ^u ! sympa?ies is s sev]e1 t all ! k 9 ! possession ( ! visitor is con/antly appli$1 & %e has a reasonable *ance = an ultimate intellectual compreh5sion4 ,inde$1 "p ( ! p]plexity 9 ! adm9i/ration ( *>ity comes f ! fact t ! type ( p]son drawn to x is ! "o :o insi/s t h] convictions %all n be unrelat$ to action4 ,h] moral concepts con/antly t5d to float away f h]1 unless !y h a basis 9 ! concrete relation ( life4 ,%e is confront$ ) ! task ( r$uc+ h] scruples to action1 & ( conv]g+ _m wills1 s z to unite ! /r5g? ( all ( !m into "o accompli%m5t1 ! value ( :i* no "o c =esee4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! "y woman :o has succe$$ 9 express+ h] social compunction ?r\gh *>itable ef=t f9ds t ! wid] social activity1 & ! contact ) ! l>g] exp]i5ce1 n only increases h] s5se ( social obligation b at ! same "t reca/s h] social ideals4 ,%e is *agr9$ to discov] t 9 ! actual task ( r$uc+ h] social scruples to action1 h] humble b5efici>ies are f> 9 advance ( h]1 n 9 *>ity or s+l5ess ( purpose1 b 9 self-sacrific+ action4 ,%e rea*es ! old-"t virtue ( humility by a social process1 n 9 ! old way1 z ! man :o sits by ! side ( ! road & puts du/ ^u 8 head1 call+ himself a contrite s9n]1 b %e gets ! du/ ^u h] head because %e has /umbl$ & fall5 9 ! road ?r\gh h] ef=ts to pu% =w>d ! mass1 to m>* ) h] fell[s4 ,%e has socializ$ h] virtues n only ?r\gh a social aim b by a social process4 ,! ,hebrew prophet made ?ree requirem5ts f ^? :o w\ld jo9 ! great =w>d-mov+ procession l$ by ,jehovah4 ,to love m]cy & at ! same "t to d ju/ly is ! difficult task2 to fulfil ! fir/ requirem5t alone is to fall into ! error ( indiscrim9ate giv+ ) all its disa/r\s results2 to fulfil ! second solely is to obta9 ! /]n policy ( )hold+1 & x results 9 su* a dre>y lack ( sympa?y & und]/&+ t ! e/abli%m5t ( ju/ice is impossible4 ,x may be t ! comb9ation ( ! two c nev] be atta9$ save z we fulfil /ill ! ?ird requirem5t--to walk humbly ) ,god1 :i* may mean to walk = _m dre>y miles beside ! l[lie/ ( ,8 creatures1 n ev5 9 t peace ( m9d :i* ! company ( ! humble is popul>ly suppos$ to af=d1 b r ) ! pangs & ?roes to :i* ! poor human und]/&+ is subject$ :5ev] x attempts to compreh5d ! mean+ ( life4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,filial ,,relations ,!re are _m p 9 e community :o h n felt ! social compunction1 :o d n %>e ! ef=t t[>d a high] social morality1 :o are ev5 unable to sympa!tically int]pret x4 ,"s ( ^! h be5 %ield$ f ! inevitable & salut>y failures :i* ! trial ( new p[]s involve1 because !y are cont5t to atta9 /&>ds ( virtue dem&$ by an easy public op9ion1 & o!rs ( !m h exhau/$ _! moral en]gy 9 atta9+ to ! curr5t /&>d ( individual & family righte\sness4 ,su* p1 :o =m ! bulk ( cont5t$ society1 dem& t ! radical1 ! re=m]1 %all be )\t /a9 or "q 9 8 p]sonal & family relations1 & judge mo/ h>%ly any deviation f ! e/abli%$ /&>ds4 ,!re is a c]ta9 ju/ice 9 ?is3 x expresses ! inh]5t cons]vatism ( ! mass ( m51 t none ( ! e/abli%$ virtues :i* h be5 s sl[ly & h>dly acquir$ %all be sacrific$ = ! sake ( mak+ problematic advance2 t ! individual1 9 8 attempt to develop & use ! new & exalt$ virtue1 %all n fall into ! easy temptation ( lett+ ! ord9>y ones slip ?r\gh 8 f+]s4 ,?is in/9ct to cons]ve ! old /&>ds1 comb9$ ) a di/ru/ ( ! new /&>d1 is a con/ant difficulty 9 ! way ( ^? exp]im5ts & advances dep5d+ ^u ! initiative ( wom51 bo? because wom5 are ! m s5sitive to ! individual & family claims1 & because _! tra9+ has t5d$ to make !m cont5t ) ! response to ^! claims alone4 ,!re is no d\bt t1 9 ! ef=t to su/a9 ! moral en]gy necess>y to "w out a m satisfactory social relation1 ! individual (t5 sacrifices ! en]gy :i* %\ld legitimately g into ! fulfilm5t ( p]sonal & family claims1 to :at he consid]s ! high] claim4 ,9 consid]+ ! *anges :i* our increas+ democracy is con/antly mak+ ^u v>i\s relation%ips1 x is impossible to ignore ! filial relation4 ,?is *apt] deals ) ! relation betwe5 p>5ts & _! gr[n-up daught]s1 z af=d+ an explicit illu/ration ( ! p]plexity & mal-adju/m5t br\ght ab\t by ! v>i\s attempts ( "y wom5 to secure a m active %>e 9 ! community life4 ,we con/antly see p>5ts v mu* disconc]t$ & p]plex$ 9 reg>d to _! daught]s :5 ^! daught]s und]take "w ly+ q outside ( traditional & family int]e/s4 ,^! p>5ts insi/ t ! girl is c>ri$ away by a fooli% en?usiasm1 t %e is 9 se>* ( a c>e]1 t %e is re/less & does n "k :at %e wants4 ,!y w give any reason1 almo/1 r ?an ! recognition ( a g5u9e & dignifi$ claim4 ,possibly all ?is is due to ! fact t = s _m hundr$s ( ye>s wom5 h _h no l>g] int]e/s1 no p>ticipation 9 ! affairs ly+ q outside p]sonal & family claims4 ,any attempt t ! individual woman =m]ly made to subord9ate or r5\nce ! family claim 0 inevitably con/ru$ to mean t %e 0 sett+ up h] own w aga9/ t ( h] family's = selfi% ends4 ,x 0 conclud$ t %e c\ld h no motive l>g] ?an a desire to s]ve h] family1 & h] attempt to break away mu/ !re=e be wilful & self-indulg5t4 ,! family logically cons5t$ to give h] up at h] m>riage1 :5 %e 0 enl>g+ ! family tie by f\nd+ ano!r family4 ,x 0 easy to und]/& t !y p]mitt$ & ev5 promot$ h] go+ to college1 travell+ 9 ,europe1 or any o!r means ( self-improvem5t1 because ^! m]ely meant ! developm5t & cultivation ( "o ( its own memb]s4 ,:51 h[ev]1 %e respond$ to h] impulse to fulfil ! social or democratic claim1 %e violat$ e tradition4 ,! m9d ( ea* "o ( u rea*es back to our fir/ /ruggles z we em]g$ f self-will$ *ildhood into a recognition ( family obligations4 ,we h all gradually le>n$ to respond to !m1 & yet mo/ ( u h _h at lea/ fleet+ glimpses ( :at x might be to disreg>d !m & ! elem5tal claim !y make ^u u4 ,we h yield$ at times to ! temptation ( ignor+ !m = selfi% aims1 ( consid]+ ! individual & n ! family conv5i5ce1 & we rememb] ) %ame ! self-pity :i* inevitably foll[$4 ,b j z we h le>n$ to adju/ ! p]sonal & family claims1 & to f9d an ord]ly developm5t impossible )\t recognition ( bo?1 s p]haps we are call$ ^u n[ to make a second adju/m5t betwe5 ! family & ! social claim1 9 :i* nei!r %all lose & bo? be ennobl$4 ,! attempt to br+ ab\t a heal+ compromise 9 :i* ! two %all be adju/$ 9 prop] relation is n an easy "o4 ,x is difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 ! outw>d act ( him :o 9 foll[+ "o legitimate claim has be5 l$ into ! tempor>y violation ( ano!r1 & ! outw>d act ( him :o delib]ately r5\nces a j claim & ?r[s aside all obligation = ! sake ( 8 own selfi% & individual developm5t4 ,! man1 = in/ance1 :o des]ts 8 family t he may cultivate an arti/ic s5sibility1 or acquire :at he consid]s m fulness ( life = himself1 mu/ always ar\se our contempt4 ,break+ ! m>riage tie z ,ibs5's ,nora did1 to obta9 a l>g] self-developm5t1 or hold+ to x z ,george ,eliot's ,romola did1 because ( ! l>g] claim ( ! /ate & society1 mu/ always rema9 two di/9ct pa?s4 ,! collision ( int]e/s1 ea* ( :i* has a real moral basis & a "r to its own place 9 life1 is b\nd to be m or less tragic4 ,x is ! /ruggle betwe5 two claims1 ! de/ruction ( ei!r ( :i* w\ld br+ ru9 to ! e?ical life4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 x is almo/ exactly ?is contradiction :i* is ! trag$y set =? by ! ,greek dramati/1 :o ass]t$ t ! gods :o wat* ov] ! sanctity ( ! family bond mu/ yield to ! high] claims ( ! gods ( ! /ate4 ,! failure to recognize ! social claim z legitimate causes ! tr\ble2 ! suspicion con/antly rema9s t woman's public ef=ts are m]ely selfi% & capti\s1 & are n direct$ to ! g5]al good4 ,?is suspicion w nev] be dissipat$ until p>5ts1 z well z daught]s1 feel ! democratic impulse & recognize ! social claim4 ,our democracy is mak+ inroads ^u ! family1 ! olde/ ( human in/itutions1 & a claim is be+ advanc$ :i* 9 a c]ta9 s5se is l>g] ?an ! family claim4 ,! claim ( ! /ate 9 "t ( w> has long be5 recogniz$1 s t 9 its "n ! family has giv5 up sons & husb&s & ev5 ! fa!rs ( little *ildr54 ,if we c once see ! claims ( society 9 any su* light1 if its mis]y & ne$ c be made cle> & urg$ z an explicit claim1 z ! /ate urges its claims 9 ! "t ( dang]1 !n = ! fir/ "t ! daught] :o desires to m9i/] to t ne$ w be recogniz$ z act+ consci5ti\sly4 ,?is recognition may easily come fir/ ?r\gh ! emotions1 & may be admitt$ z a response to pity & m]cy long be=e x is =mulat$ & p]ceiv$ by ! intellect4 ,! family z well z ! /ate we are all call$ ^u to ma9ta9 z ! highe/ in/itutions :i* ! race has evolv$ = its safegu>d & protection4 ,b m]ely to pres]ve ^! in/itutions is n en\gh4 ,!re come p]iods ( recon/ruction1 dur+ :i* ! task is laid ^u a pass+ g5]ation1 to enl>ge ! function & c>ry =w>d ! ideal ( a long-e/abli%$ in/itution4 ,!re is no d\bt t _m wom51 consci\sly & unconsci\sly1 are /ruggl+ ) ?is task4 ,! family1 l e o!r elem5t ( human life1 is susceptible ( progress1 & f epo* to epo* its t5d5cies & aspirations are enl>g$1 al?\gh its duties c nev] be abrogat$ & its obligations c nev] be cancell$4 ,x is impossible to br+ ab\t ! high] developm5t by any self-ass]tion or break+ away ( ! individual w4 ,! new gr[? 9 ! plant swell+ aga9/ ! %ea?1 :i* at ! same "t imprisons & protects x1 mu/ /ill be ! true/ type ( progress4 ,! family 9 its entirety mu/ be c>ri$ out into ! l>g] life4 ,its v>i\s memb]s toge!r mu/ recognize & ackn[l$ge ! validity ( ! social obligation4 ,:5 ?is does n occur we h a mo/ flagrant example ( ! ill-adju/m5t & mis]y aris+ :5 an e?ical code is appli$ too rigor\sly & too consci5ti\sly to conditions :i* are no long] ! same z :5 ! code 0 in/itut$1 & = :i* x 0 nev] design$4 ,we h all se5 p>5tal control & ! family claim ass]t _! au?ority 9 fields ( ef=t :i* belong to ! adult judgm5t ( ! *ild & p]ta9 to activity q outside ! family life4 ,probably ! di/9ctively family trag$y ( :i* we all cat* glimpses n[ & !n1 is ! ass]tion ( ?is au?ority ?r\gh all ! entanglem5ts ( w\nd$ affection & misund]/&+4 ,we see p>5ts & *ildr5 act+ f consci5ti\s motives & ) ! t5d]e/ affection1 yet br++ ab\t a mis]y :i* c sc>cely be hidd54 ,su* glimpses rem9d u ( t trag$y enact$ c5turies ago 9 ,assisi1 :5 ! eag] "y noble ca/ 8 v clo?+ at 8 fa!r's feet1 dramatically r5\nc+ 8 filial allegiance1 & =mally subject+ ! n>r[ family claim to ! wid] & m univ]sal duty4 ,all ! conflict ( trag$y ensu$ :i* might h be5 av]t$1 _h ! fa!r recogniz$ ! high] claim1 & _h he be5 will+ to subord9ate & adju/ 8 own claim to x4 ,! fa!r consid]$ 8 son disrespectful & h>d-he>t$1 yet we "k ,/4 ,francis to h be5 ! mo/ t5d] & lov+ ( m51 responsive to all possible ties1 ev5 to ^? ( inanimate nature4 ,we "k t by 8 affections he fre$ ! froz5 life ( 8 "t4 ,! elem5ts ( trag$y lay 9 ! n>r[ness ( ! fa!r's m9d2 9 8 lack ( compreh5sion & 8 lack ( sympa?y ) ! p[] :i* 0 mov+ 8 son1 & :i* 0 b "p ( ! religi\s revival :i* swept ,europe f end to end 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2 ! same p[] :i* built ! ca!drals ( ! ,nor?1 & produc$ ! sa9ts & sages ( ! ,s\?4 ,b ! fa!r's situation 0 nev]!less g5u9e2 he felt 8 he>t sore & angry1 & 8 dignity cov]$ ) disrespect4 ,he c\ld n1 inde$1 h felt o!rwise1 unless he _h be5 t\*$ by ! fire ( ! same revival1 & lift$ out ( & away f ! contemplation ( himself & 8 n>r[] claim4 ,x is ano!r pro( t ! notion ( a l>g] obligation c only come ?r\gh ! response to an enl>g$ int]e/ 9 life & 9 ! social movem5ts ar\nd u4 ,! gr[n-up son has s long be5 consid]$ a citiz5 ) well-def9$ duties & a ne$ ( mak+ 8 way 9 ! _w1 t ! family claim is urg$ mu* less /r5u\sly 9 8 case1 & z a matt] ( au?ority1 x ceases gradually to be made at all4 ,9 ! case ( ! gr[n-up daught]1 h[ev]1 :o is "u no necessity ( e>n+ a liv+1 & :o has no /rong arti/ic b5t1 tak+ h] to ,p>is to /udy pa9t+ or to ,g]many to /udy music1 ! ye>s imm$iately foll[+ h] graduation f college are too (t5 fill$ ) a re/lessness & unhapp9ess :i* might be avoid$ by a little cle> ?9k+1 & by an adaptation ( our code ( family e?ics to mod]n conditions4 ,x is always difficult = ! family to reg>d ! daught] o!rwise ?an z a family possession4 ,f h] babyhood %e has be5 ! *>m & grace ( ! h\sehold1 & x is h>d to ?9k ( h] z an integral "p ( ! social ord]1 h>d to believe t %e has duties outside ( ! family1 to ! /ate & to society 9 ! l>g] s5se4 ,?is assumption t ! daught] is solely an inspiration & ref9em5t to ! family itself & its own imm$iate circle1 t h] delicacy & poli% are b outw>d symbols ( h] fa!r's protection & prosp]ity1 work$ v smoo?ly = ! mo/ "p s long z h] education 0 9 l9e ) x4 ,:5 !re 0 absolutely no recognition ( ! entity ( woman's life beyond ! family1 :5 ! outside claims ^u h] 7 /ill :olly unrecogniz$1 ! situation 0 simple1 & ! f9i%+ s*ool h>moni\sly & elegantly answ]$ all requirem5ts4 ,%e 0 fitt$ to grace ! fireside & to add lu/re to t social circle :i* h] p>5ts select$ = h]4 ,b ?is family assumption has be5 notably brok5 into1 & educational ideas no long] fit x4 ,mod]n education recognizes woman q ap>t f family or society claims1 & gives h] ! tra9+ :i* = _m ye>s has be5 deem$ successful = highly develop+ a man's individuality & free+ 8 p[]s = indep5d5t action4 ,p]plexities (t5 occur :5 ! daught] returns f college & f9ds t ?is recognition has be5 b p>tially accompli%$4 ,:5 %e attempts to act ^u ! assumption ( its accompli%m5t1 %e f9ds h]self j>r+ ^u ideals :i* are s entw9$ ) filial piety1 s root$ 9 ! t5d]e/ affections ( :i* ! human he>t is capable1 t bo? daught] & p>5ts are %ock$ & />tl$ :5 !y discov] :at is happ5+1 & !y sc>cely v5ture to analyze ! situation4 ,! ideal = ! education ( woman has *ang$ "u ! pressure ( a new claim4 ,! family has respond$ to ! ext5t ( grant+ ! education1 b !y are jeal\s ( ! new claim & ass]t ! family claim z ov] aga9/ x4 ,! mod]n woman f9ds h]self educat$ to recognize a /ress ( social obligation :i* h] family did n 9 ! lea/ anticipate :5 !y s5t h] to college4 ,%e f9ds h]self1 9 addition1 "u an impulse to act h] "p z a citiz5 ( ! _w4 ,%e accepts h] family inh]itance ) loyalty & affection1 b %e has ent]$ into a wid] inh]itance z well1 :i*1 = lack ( a bett] phrase1 we call ! social claim4 ,?is claim has be5 recogniz$ = f\r ye>s 9 h] tra9+1 b aft] h] return f college ! family claim is aga9 exclusively & /r5u\sly ass]t$4 ,! situation has all ! discom=t ( transition & compromise4 ,! daught] f9ds a con/ant & totally unnecess>y conflict betwe5 ! social & ! family claims4 ,9 mo/ cases ! =m] is repress$ & gives way to ! family claim1 because ! latt] is concrete & def9itely ass]t$1 :ile ! social dem& is vague & un=mulat$4 ,9 su* in/ances ! girl quietly submits1 b %e feels wrong$ :5ev] %e all[s h] m9d to dwell ^u ! situation4 ,%e ei!r hides h] hurt1 & spl5did res]ves ( en?usiasm & capacity g to wa/e1 or h] zeal & emotions are turn$ inw>d1 & ! result is an unhappy woman1 ^: he>t is consum$ by va9 regrets & desires4 ,if ! college woman is n ?us quietly reabsorb$1 %e is ev5 reproa*$ = h] discont5t4 ,%e is told to be devot$ to h] family1 inspir+ & responsive to h] social circle1 & to give ! re/ ( h] "t to fur!r self-improvem5t & enjoym5t4 ,%e expects to d ?is1 & responds to ^! claims to ! be/ ( h] ability1 ev5 h]oically sometimes4 ,b :]e is ! l>g] life ( :i* %e has dream$ s long8 ,t life :i* surr\nds & completes ! individual & family life8 ,%e has be5 taught t x is h] duty to %>e ?is life1 & h] highe/ privilege to ext5d x4 ,?is div]g5ce betwe5 h] self-c5tr$ exi/5ce & h] be/ convictions becomes con/antly m app>5t4 ,b ! situation is n ev5 s simple z a conflict betwe5 h] affections & h] intellectual convictions1 al?\gh ev5 t is tumultu\s en\gh1 also ! emotional nature is divid$ aga9/ itself4 ,! social claim is a dem& ^u ! emotions z well z ^u ! intellect1 & 9 ignor+ x %e represses n only h] convictions b l[]s h] spr+s ( vitality4 ,h] life is full ( contradictions4 ,%e looks out into ! _w1 long+ t "s dem& be made ^u h] p[]s1 = !y are too untra9$ to furni% an initiative4 ,:5 h] heal? gives way "u ?is /ra91 z x (t5 does1 h] physician inv>iably advises a re/4 ,b to be put to b$ & f$ on milk is n :at %e requires4 ,:at %e ne$s is simple1 heal?-giv+ activity1 :i*1 involv+ ! use ( all h] faculties1 %all be a response to all ! claims :i* %e s ke5ly feels4 ,x is q true t ! family (t5 res5ts h] fir/ attempts to be "p ( a life q outside _! own1 because ! college woman frequ5tly makes ^! fir/ attempts mo/ awkw>dly2 h] faculties h n be5 tra9$ 9 ! l9e ( action4 ,%e lacks ! ability to apply h] k & !ories to life itself & to its complicat$ situations4 ,?is is l>gely ! fault ( h] tra9+ & ( ! "o-sid$ness ( educational me?ods4 ,! colleges h long be5 full ( ! be/ e?ical tea*+1 insi/+ t ! good ( ! :ole mu/ ultimately be ! measure ( ef=t1 & t ! individual c only secure 8 own rights z he labors to secure ^? ( o!rs4 ,b :ile ! tea*+ has includ$ an ev]-broad5+ range ( obligation & has insi/$ ^u ! recognition ( ! claims ( human bro!rhood1 ! tra9+ has be5 s+ul>ly individuali/ic2 x has fo/]$ ambitions = p]sonal di/9ction1 & has tra9$ ! faculties almo/ exclusively 9 ! direction ( intellectual accumulation4 ,d\btless1 woman's education is at fault1 9 t x has fail$ to recognize c]ta9 ne$s1 & has fail$ to cultivate & guide ! l>g] desires ( :i* all g5]\s "y he>ts are full4 ,dur+ ! mo/ =mative ye>s ( life1 x gives ! "y girl no contact ) ! feebl5ess ( *ildhood1 ! pa?os ( suff]+1 or ! ne$s ( old age4 ,x ga!rs toge!r crude y\? 9 contact only ) ea* o!r & ) mature m5 & wom5 :o are !re = ! purpose ( _! m5tal direction4 ,! t5d]e/ prompt+s are bidd5 to bide _! "t4 ,?is c\ld only be ju/ifiable if a def9ite outlet 7 provid$ :5 !y leave college4 ,d\btless ! ne$ does n diff] widely 9 m5 & wom51 b wom5 n absorb$ 9 pr(essional or bus9ess life1 9 ! ye>s imm$iately foll[+ college1 are baldly br\ght face to face ) ! defici5cies ( _! tra9+4 ,app>5tly e ob/acle is remov$1 & ! college woman is at la/ free to beg9 ! active life1 = :i*1 dur+ s _m ye>s1 %e has be5 prep>+4 ,b dur+ ?is s-call$ prep>ation1 h] faculties h be5 tra9$ solely = accumulation1 & %e has le>n$ to utt]ly di/ru/ ! f9] impulses ( h] nature1 :i* w\ld naturally h connect$ h] ) human int]e/s outside ( h] family & h] own imm$iate social circle4 ,all ?r\gh s*ool & college ! "y s\l dream$ ( self-sacrifice1 ( succor to ! helpless & ( t5d]ness to ! un=tunate4 ,we p]si/5tly di/ru/ ^! desires1 &1 unless !y foll[ well-def9$ l9es1 we repress !m ) e device ( conv5tion & caution4 ,"o summ] ! writ] w5t f a two weeks' resid5ce 9 ,ea/ ,london1 :]e %e _h become sick & bewild]$ by ! sights & s\nds enc\nt]$ !re1 directly to ,switz]l&4 ,%e f\nd ! beat5 r\tes ( travel fill$ ) "y ,engli% m5 & wom5 :o c\ld walk _m miles a day1 & :o c\ld climb peaks s inaccessible t ! feats receiv$ honorable m5tion 9 ,alp9e j\rnals1--a result :i* fill$ _! families ) joy & pride4 ,^! "y p knew to a nicety ! prop] diet & clo?+ :i* w\ld be/ contribute t[>d endurance4 ,ev]y?+ 0 v f9e ab\t !m save _! motive p[]4 ,! writ] does n ref] to ! h>d-work$ m5 & wom5 :o 7 tak+ a vacation1 b to ! leisur$ "y p1 to :om ?is p]iod 0 ! mo/ s]i\s ( ! ye>1 & fill$ ) ! mo/ /r5u\s ex]tion4 ,!y did n1 ( c\rse1 ?or\ghly enjoy x1 = we are too complicat$ to be cont5t ) m]e ex]cise4 ,civilization has b\nd u too closely ) our bre?r5 = any "o ( u to be long happy 9 ! cultivation ( m]e individual =ce or 9 ! accumulation ( m]e muscul> en]gy4 ,) ,:ite*apel con/antly 9 m9d1 x 0 difficult n to advise ^! "y p to use "s ( ?is muscul> en]gy ( :i* !y 7 s pr\d1 9 clean+ neglect$ alleys & pav+ soggy /reets4 ,_! /ores ( en?usiasm might /ir to en]gy ! li/less m5 & wom5 ( ,ea/ ,london & utilize lat5t social =ces4 ,! ex]cise w\ld be q z good1 ! ne$ ( endurance z great1 ! c>e = prop] dress & food z important2 b ! motives = action w\ld be turn$ f selfi% ones into social ones4 ,su* an appeal w\ld d\btless be met ) a c]ta9 response f ! "y p1 b w\ld nev] be c\nt5anc$ by _! families = an in/ant4 ,=tunately a beg9n+ has be5 made 9 ano!r direction1 & a few p>5ts h already begun to consid] ev5 _! little *ildr5 9 relation to society z well z to ! family4 ,! "y mo!rs :o att5d ,*ild ,/udy classes h a l>g] notion ( p>5?ood & expect giv5 *>act]i/ics f _! *ildr51 at c]ta9 ages & "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,!y q calmly wat* ! v>i\s attempts ( a *ild to ass]t 8 individuality1 :i* s (t5 takes ! =m ( opposition to ! wi%es ( ! family & to ! rule ( ! h\sehold4 ,!y recognize z act+ "u ! same law ( developm5t ! little *ild ( ?ree :o p]si/5tly runs away & pret5ds n to he> 8 "m's voice1 ! boy ( t5 :o viol5tly1 al?\gh tempor>ily1 res5ts control ( any sort1 & ! gr[n-up son :o1 by an individualiz$ & tra9$ p]sonality1 is drawn into pursuits & int]e/s q ali5 to ^? ( 8 family4 ,?is attempt to take ! p>5tal relation some:at away f m]e p]sonal exp]i5ce1 z well z ! increas+ t5d5cy ( p>5ts to %>e _! *ildr5's pursuits & int]e/s1 w d\btless f9ally result 9 a bett] und]/&+ ( ! social obligation4 ,! und]/&+1 :i* results f id5tity ( int]e/s1 w\ld seem to confirm ! conviction t 9 ! complicat$ life ( to-day !re is no education s admirable z t education :i* comes f p>ticipation 9 ! con/ant tr5d ( ev5ts4 ,!re is no d\bt t mo/ ( ! misund]/&+s ( life are due to p>tial intellig5ce1 because our exp]i5ces h be5 s unlike t we _c compreh5d ea* o!r4 ,! old difficulties incid5t to ! cla% ( two codes ( morals mu/ drop away1 z ! exp]i5ces ( v>i\s memb]s ( ! family become l>g] & m id5tical4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t1 h[ev]1 _m ( ^? difficulties /ill exi/ & may be se5 all ab\t u4 ,9 ord] to illu/rate ! situation baldly1 & at ! same "t to put x dramatically1 x may be well to take an in/ance conc]n+ :i* we h no p]sonal feel+4 ,! trag$y ( ,k+ ,le> has be5 select$1 al?\gh we h be5 accu/om$ s long to give him our sympa?y z ! victim ( ! +ratitude ( 8 two old] daught]s1 & ( ! app>5t coldness ( ,cordelia1 t we h n suffici5tly consid]$ ! weakness ( 8 fa!rhood1 reveal$ by ! fact t he %\ld get himself into s entangl$ & unhappy a relation to all ( 8 *ildr54 ,9 our pity = ,le>1 we fail to analyze 8 "*4 ,! ,k+ on 8 ?rone exhibits utt] lack ( self-control4 ,! ,k+ 9 ! /orm gives way to ! same emotion1 9 rep9+ ov] ! wick$ness ( 8 *ildr51 :i* he =m]ly exhibit$ 9 8 indulg5t treatm5t ( !m4 ,x might be illum9at+ to discov] :]e9 he _h fail$1 & :y 8 old age f\nd him ro(less 9 spite ( ! fact t he /r5u\sly urg$ ! family claim ) 8 :ole consci5ce4 ,at ! op5+ ( ! drama he sat ^u 8 ?rone1 ready = ! enjoym5t :i* an indulg5t p>5t expects :5 he has giv5 gifts to 8 *ildr54 ,f ! two eld]1 ! responses = ! division ( 8 l&s 7 graceful & fitt+1 b he long$ to he> :at ,cordelia1 8 y\nge/ & be/ belov$ *ild1 w\ld say4 ,he look$ t[>d h] expectantly1 b in/ead ( delight & gratitude !re 0 ! fir/ dawn ( "*4 ,cordelia made ! awkw>d attempt ( an untra9$ s\l to be hone/ & scrupul\sly to express h] inmo/ feel+4 ,! k+ 0 baffl$ & di/ress$ by ?is attempt at self-expression4 ,x 0 new to him t 8 daught] %\ld be mov$ by a pr9ciple obta9$ outside himself1 :i* ev5 8 imag9ation c\ld n foll[2 t %e _h caught ! notion ( an exi/5ce 9 :i* h] relation z a daught] play$ b a "p4 ,%e 0 trans=m$ by a dignity :i* reca/ h] spee* & made x self-conta9$4 ,%e f\nd h]self 9 ! sweep ( a feel+ s l>ge t ! imm$iate loss ( a k+dom seem$ ( little consequ5ce to h]4 ,ev5 an act :i* might be con/ru$ z disrespect to h] fa!r 0 ju/ifi$ 9 h] eyes1 because %e 0 va9ly /riv+ to fill out ?is l>g] conception ( duty4 ,! te/ :i* comes soon] or lat] to _m p>5ts _h come to ,le>1 to ma9ta9 ! t5d]ness ( ! relation betwe5 fa!r & *ild1 aft] t relation _h become "o betwe5 adults1 to be cont5t ) ! responses made by ! adult *ild to ! family claim1 :ile at ! same "t %e respond$ to ! claims ( ! re/ ( life4 ,! m9d ( ,le> 0 n big en\gh = ?is te/2 he fail$ to see any?+ b ! p]sonal slight involv$1 & ! +ratitude alone rea*$ him4 ,x 0 impossible = him to calmly wat* 8 *ild develop+ beyond ! /ret* ( 8 own m9d & sympa?y4 ,t a man %\ld be s absorb$ 9 8 own indignation z to fail to appreh5d 8 *ild's ?\ght1 t he %\ld lose 8 affection 9 8 ang]1 simply reveals ! fact t 8 own emotions are de>] to him ?an 8 s5se ( pat]nal obligation4 ,le> app>5tly also ignor$ ! common ance/ry ( ,cordelia & himself1 & =got h] royal inh]itance ( magnanimity4 ,he _h ?\ght ( himself s long z a noble & indulg5t fa!r t he _h lo/ ! faculty by :i* he might p]ceive himself 9 ! wrong4 ,ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ! /orm he decl>$ himself m s9n$ aga9/ ?an s9n+4 ,he c\ld believe any am\nt ( k9dness & goodness ( himself1 b c\ld imag9e no fidelity on ! "p ( ,cordelia unless %e gave him ! sign he dem&$4 ,at l5g? he suff]$ _m h>d%ips2 8 _s 0 buffet$ & brok52 he lo/ 8 reason z well z 8 k+dom2 b = ! fir/ "t 8 exp]i5ce 0 id5tical ) ! exp]i5ce ( ! m5 ar\nd him1 & he came to a l>g] conception ( life4 ,he put himself 9 ! place ( ! poor nak$ wret*es1 & unexpect$ly f\nd heal+ & com=t4 ,he took poor ,tim 9 8 arms f a %e] desire = human contact & animal w>m?1 a primitive & g5u9e ne$1 ?r\gh :i* he sudd5ly _h a view ( ! _w :i* he _h nev] _h f 8 ?rone1 & f ?is mom5t 8 he>t began to turn t[>d ,cordelia4 ,9 read+ ! trag$y ( ,k+ ,le>1 ,cordelia receives a full %>e ( our c5sure4 ,h] fir/ words are cold1 & we are %ock$ by h] lack ( t5d]ness4 ,:y %\ld %e ignore h] fa!r's ne$ = indulg5ce1 & be unwill+ to give him :at he s obvi\sly crav$8 ,we see 9 ! old k+ ! ov]-ma/]+ desire ( be+ belov$1 selfi%1 & yet *>act]i/ic ( ! selfi%ness ( a lov+ & k9dly nature alone4 ,8 eag]ness produces 9 u a /range pity = him1 & we are impati5t t 8 y\nge/ & be/-belov$ *ild _c feel ?is1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( h] se>* = tru? & h] newly acquir$ s5se ( a high] duty4 ,x seems to u a n>r[ conception t w\ld break ?us abruptly ) ! pa/ & w\ld assume t h] fa!r _h no "p 9 ! new life4 ,we want to rem9d h] t pity1 memory1 & fai?fulness are natural ties1 & surely z mu* to be priz$ z is ! developm5t ( h] own s\l4 ,we d n admire ! ,cordelia :o ?r\gh h] self-absorption des]ts h] fa!r1 z we lat] admire ! same woman :o comes back f ,france t %e may include h] fa!r 9 h] happ9ess & fre] life4 ,! fir/ _h selfi%ly tak5 h] salvation = h]self alone1 & x 0 n until h] consci5ce _h develop$ 9 h] new life t %e 0 driv5 back to h] fa!r1 :]e %e p]i%$1 drawn into ! cruelty & wra? :i* _h n[ become objective & tragic4 ,hi/orically consid]$1 ! relation ( ,le> to 8 *ildr5 0 ar*aic & b>b>ic1 indicat+ m]ely ! beg9n+ ( a family life s9ce develop$4 ,8 pat]nal expression 0 "o ( dom9ation & indulg5ce1 )\t ! p]ception ( ! ne$s ( 8 *ildr51 )\t any anticipation ( _! entrance into a wid] life1 or any belief t !y c\ld h a wor?y life ap>t f him4 ,if t rudim5t>y conception ( family life end$ 9 su* viol5t disa/]1 ! fact t we h le>n$ to be m decor\s 9 our conduct does n demon/rate t by foll[+ ! same l9e ( !ory we may n rea* a l mis]y4 ,w\nd$ affection !re is sure to be1 b ?is c\ld be r$uc$ to a modicum if we c\ld pres]ve a s5se ( ! relation ( ! individual to ! family1 & ( ! latt] to society1 & if we _h be5 giv5 a code ( e?ics deal+ ) ^! l>g] relation%ips1 in/ead ( a code design$ to apply s exclusively to relation%ips obta9+ only betwe5 individuals4 ,d\btless ! cla%es & j>s :i* we all feel mo/ ke5ly are ^? :i* occur :5 two /&>ds ( morals1 bo? hone/ly held & believ$ 91 are br\ght %>ply toge!r4 ,! awkw>dness & con/ra9t we exp]i5ce :5 two /&>ds ( conv5tions & mann]s cla% b feebly prefigure ?is deep] diff]5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,h\sehold ,,adju/m5t ,if we c\ld only be judg$ or judge o!r p by purity ( motive1 life w\ld be mu* simplifi$1 b t w\ld be to ab&on ! cont5tion made 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 t ! processes ( life are z important z its aims4 ,we c all recall acqua9tances ( ^: integrity ( purpose we c h no d\bt1 b :o cause mu* confusion z !y proce$ to ! accompli%m5t ( t purpose1 :o inde$ are (t5 ins5sible to _! own mi/akes & h>% 9 _! judgm5ts ( o!r p because !y are s confid5t ( _! own inn] integrity4 ,?is t5d5cy to be s sure ( integrity ( purpose z to be unsympa!tic & h>d5$ to ! means by :i* x is accompli%$1 is p]haps n[h]e s obvi\s z 9 ! h\sehold itself4 ,x n[h]e op]ates z s con/ant a =ce z 9 ! m9ds ( ! wom5 :o 9 all ! p]plexity ( indu/rial transition are /riv+ to adm9i/] dome/ic affairs4 ,! e?ics held by !m are = ! mo/ "p ! individual & family codes1 unt\*$ by ! l>g] social conceptions4 ,^! wom51 rightly confid5t ( _! h\sehold & family integrity & hold+ to _! own code ( morals1 fail to see ! h\sehold 9 its social aspect4 ,possibly no relation has be5 s sl[ to respond to ! social e?ics :i* we are n[ consid]+1 z t betwe5 ! h\sehold employ] & ! h\sehold employee1 or1 z x is /ill sometimes call$1 t betwe5 mi/ress & s]vant4 ,?is p]si/5ce ( ! individual code 9 relation to ! h\sehold may be p>tly acc\nt$ = by ! fact t ord]ly life &1 9 a s5se1 civilization itself1 grew f ! conc5tration ( int]e/ 9 "o place1 & t moral feel+ fir/ became c5tr$ 9 a limit$ numb] ( p]sons4 ,f ! famili> proposition t ! home began because ! "m 0 oblig$ to /ay 9 "o spot 9 ord] to *]i% ! *ild1 we c see a f\ndation = ! belief t if wom5 are mu* away f home1 ! home itself w be de/roy$ & all e?ical progress endang]$4 ,we h fur!r be5 told t ! e>lie/ dances & social ga!r+s 7 mo/ que/ionable 9 _! purposes1 & t x 01 !re=e1 ! good & virtu\s wom5 :o fir/ /ay$ at home1 until gradually ! two--! woman :o /ay$ at home & ! woman :o gu>d$ h] virtue--became synonym\s4 ,a code ( e?ics 0 ?us develop$ 9 reg>d to woman's conduct1 & h] duties 7 logically & c>efully limit$ to h] own family circle4 ,:5 x became impossible to adequately m9i/] to ! ne$s ( ?is circle )\t ! help ( _m p :o did n /rictly belong to ! family1 al?\gh !y 7 "p ( ! h\sehold1 !y 7 add$ z aids m]ely = supply+ ^! ne$s4 ,:5 wom5 7 ! brew]s & bak]s1 ! full]s1 dy]s1 sp9n]s1 & weav]s1 ! soap & c&le mak]s1 !y adm9i/]$ l>ge indu/ries1 b solely f ! family po9t ( view4 ,only a few hundr$ ye>s ago1 woman _h complete control ( ! manufactur+ ( _m commodities :i* n[ figure s l>gely 9 comm]ce1 & x is evid5t t %e let ! manufactur+ ( ^! commodities g into ! h&s ( m51 z soon z organization & a l>g] conception ( _! production 7 requir$4 ,%e felt no responsibility = _! managem5t :5 !y 7 tak5 f ! home to ! factory1 = deep] ?an h] in/9ct to manufacture food & clo?+ = h] family 0 h] in/9ct to /ay ) !m1 & by isolation & c>e to gu>d !m f evil4 ,%e _h become conv9c$ t a woman's duty ext5d$ only to h] own family1 & t ! _w outside _h no claim ^u h]4 ,! ,briti% matron ord]$ h] maid5s aright1 :5 !y 7 sp9n+ "u h] own ro(1 b %e felt no compunction ( consci5ce :5 ! morals & heal? ( "y girls 7 endang]$ 9 ! ov]cr[d$ & insanit>y factories4 ,! code ( family e?ics 0 e/abli%$ 9 h] m9d s firmly t x exclud$ any notion ( social ef=t4 ,x is q possible to accept ?is explanation ( ! orig9 ( morals1 & to believe t ! pres]vation ( ! home is at ! f\ndation ( all t is be/ 9 civilization1 )\t at ! same "t insi/+ t ! sep>ate prep>ation & s]v+ ( food is an inh]5t "p ( ! /ructure & sanctity ( ! home1 or t ^? :o m9i/] to "o h\sehold %all m9i/] to t exclusively4 ,b to make ?is di/9ction seems difficult1 & almo/ inv>iably ! s5se ( obligation to ! family becomes confus$ ) a c]ta9 sort ( dome/ic managem5t4 ,! moral issue involv$ 9 "o has become inextricably comb9$ ) ! indu/rial difficulty involv$ 9 ! o!r1 & x is at ?is po9t t s _m p]plex$ h\sekeep]s1 ?r\gh ! confusion ( ! two problems1 take a difficult & unt5able position4 ,!re are economic z well z e?ical reasons = ?is survival ( a simpl] code4 ,! wife ( a work+man /ill has a di/9ct economic value to h] husb&4 ,%e cooks1 cleans1 wa%es1 & m5ds--s]vices = :i*1 be=e 8 m>riage1 he paid ready money4 ,! wife ( ! successful bus9ess or pr(essional man does n d ?is4 ,he cont9ues to pay = 8 cook+1 h\se s]vice1 & wa%+4 ,! m5d+1 h[ev]1 is /ill l>gely p]=m$ by 8 wife2 inde$1 ! /ock+s are pa!tically reta9$ & _! d>n+ giv5 an exagg]at$ importance1 z if wom5 in/9ctively felt t ^! m5d$ /ock+s 7 ! la/ remnant ( ! entire h\sehold indu/ry1 ( :i* !y 7 =m]ly mi/resses4 ,b "o indu/ry1 ! cook+ & s]v+ ( foods to h] own family1 woman has nev] rel9qui%$4 ,x has1 !re=e1 nev] be5 organiz$1 ei!r by m5 or wom51 & is 9 an undevelop$ /ate4 ,ea* employ] ( h\sehold labor views x solely f ! family /&po9t4 ,! e?ics prevail+ 9 reg>d to x are di/9ctly p]sonal & unsocial1 & result 9 ! unique isolation ( ! h\sehold employee4 ,z indu/rial conditions h *ang$1 ! h\sehold has simplifi$1 f ! m$ival affair ( j\rneym51 appr5tices1 & maid5s :o spun & brew$ to ! family prop]2 to ^? :o love ea* o!r & live toge!r 9 ties ( affection & consangu9ity4 ,7 ?is process complete1 we %\ld h no problem ( h\sehold employm5t4 ,b1 ev5 9 h\seholds comp>atively humble1 !re is /ill "o ali51 "o :o is nei!r lov$ nor lov+4 ,! mod]n family has dropp$ ! man :o made its %oes1 ! woman :o spun its clo!s1 &1 to a l>ge ext5t1 ! woman :o wa%es !m1 b x /\tly refuses to drop ! woman :o cooks its food & m9i/]s directly to its individual com=t2 x /rangely insi/s t to d t w\ld be to de/roy ! family life itself4 ,! cook is uncom=table1 ! family is uncom=table2 b x w n drop h] z all h] fell[-work]s h be5 dropp$1 al?\gh ! cook h]self insi/s ^u x4 ,s f> has ?is insi/5ce gone t e possible concession is made to reta9 h]4 ,! writ] kn[s an employ] 9 "o ( ! suburbs :o built a bay at ! back ( h] h\se s t h] cook might h a pleasant room 9 :i* to sleep1 & ano!r 9 :i* to receive h] fri5ds4 ,?is employ] naturally felt aggriev$ :5 ! cook refus$ to /ay 9 h] bay4 ,view$ 9 an hi/oric light1 ?is employ] might q z well h add$ a bay to h] h\se = h] %oemak]1 & !n deem$ him ungrateful because he decl9$ to live 9 x4 ,a li/5]1 att5tive to a conv]sation betwe5 two employ]s ( h\sehold labor1--& we c]ta9ly all h opportunity to he> su* conv]sations1--w\ld (t5 discov] a tone imply+ t ! employ] 0 abus$ & put ^u2 t %e 0 /ruggl+ ) ! problem solely because %e 0 ?us s]v+ h] family & p]=m+ h] social duties2 t o!rwise x w\ld be a great relief to h] to ab&on ! entire situation1 & nev] h a s]vant 9 h] h\se aga94 ,did %e foll[ ?is impulse1 %e w\ld simply yield to ! tr5d ( h] times & accept ! pres5t sy/em ( production4 ,%e w\ld be 9 l9e ) ! indu/rial organization ( h] age4 ,7 %e 9 l9e e?ically1 %e w\ld h to believe t ! sacr$ness & beauty ( family life d n consi/ 9 ! processes ( ! sep>ate prep>ation ( food1 b 9 %>+ ! corporate life ( ! community1 & 9 mak+ ! family ! unit ( t life4 ,! selfi%ness ( a mod]n mi/ress1 :o1 9 h] n>r[ social e?ics1 insi/s t ^? :o m9i/] to ! com=ts ( h] family %all m9i/] to x alone1 t !y %all n only be celibate1 b %all be cut (f1 m or less1 f _! natural social ties1 excludes ! be/ work+-p f h] s]vice4 ,a man ( dignity & ability is q will+ to come into a h\se to tune a piano4 ,ano!r man ( me*anical skill w come to put up w9d[ %ades4 ,ano!r ( less skill1 b ( p]fect indep5d5ce1 w come to clean & relay a c>pet4 ,^! m5 w\ld all res5t ! situation & consid] x q impossible if x impli$ ! giv+ up ( _! family & social ties1 & liv+ "u ! ro( ( ! h\sehold requir+ _! s]vices4 ,! isolation ( ! h\sehold employee is p]haps inevitable s long z ! employ] holds h] belat$ e?ics2 b ! situation is made ev5 m difficult by ! "* & capacity ( ! girls :o ent] ?is indu/ry4 ,9 any great indu/rial *ange ! workm5 :o are p]man5tly displac$ are ^? :o are too dull to seize ^u *ang$ conditions4 ,! workm5 :o h k & insight1 :o are 9 t\* ) _! "t1 quickly reorganize4 ,! g5]al /atem5t may be made t ! ent]pris+ girls ( ! community g into factories1 & ! less ent]pris+ g into h\seholds1 al?\gh !re are _m exceptions4 ,x is n a "q ( skill1 ( en]gy1 ( consci5ti\s "w1 :i* w make a girl rise indu/rially :ile %e is 9 ! h\sehold2 %e is n 9 ! ris+ movem5t4 ,%e is belat$ 9 a class compos$ ( ! unprogressive elem5ts ( ! community1 :i* is recruit$ con/antly by ^? f ! ranks ( ! incompet5t1 by girls :o are le>n+ ! language1 girls :o are timid & sl[1 or girls :o look at life solely f ! sav+s-bank po9t ( view4 ,! di/ract$ h\sekeep] /ruggles ) ^! unprogressive girls1 hold+ to !m n ev5 ! well-def9$ & indep5d5t relation ( employ] & employ$1 b ! hazy & con/antly *ang+ "o ( mi/ress to s]vant4 ,! latt] relation is *ang+ "u pressure f v>i\s directions4 ,9 our increas+ democracy ! notion ( p]sonal s]vice is con/antly becom+ m di/a/eful1 conflict+1 z x does1 ) ! m mod]n notion ( p]sonal dignity4 ,p]sonal m9i/ration to ! ne$s ( *ildhood1 illness1 & old age seem to u reasonable1 & ! democratic adju/m5t 9 reg>d to !m is be+ made4 ,! fir/ two are con/antly rais$ ne>] to ! level ( a pr(ession1 & !re is little d\bt t ! ?ird w soon foll[4 ,b p]sonal m9i/rations to a normal1 heal?y adult1 consum+ ! "t & en]gy ( ano!r adult1 we f9d m difficult to reconcile to our !ories ( democracy4 ,a factory employ] p>ts ) 8 m5 at ! factory gates at ! end ( a day's "w2 !y g to _! homes z he goes to 81 9 ! assumption t !y bo? d :at !y want & sp5d _! money z !y please2 b ?is solace ( equality outside ( work+ h\rs is d5i$ ! bewild]$ employ] ( h\sehold labor4 ,%e is oblig$ to live con/antly 9 ! same h\se ) h] employee1 & because ( c]ta9 equalities 9 food & %elt] %e is br\ght m %>ply face to face ) ! m5tal & social inequalities4 ,! difficulty becomes m app>5t z ! "* ( ! "w p]=m$ by ! s-call$ s]vant is less absolutely useful & may be m]ely "t consum+4 ,a k9d-he>t$ woman :o w complac5tly take an aft]noon drive1 leav+ h] cook to prep>e ! five c\rses ( a little d9n] = only t5 gue/s1 w n be ne>ly s com=table ! next ev5+ :5 %e spe$s h] daught] to a dance1 consci\s t h] waitress mu/ sp5d ! ev5+ 9 dull solitude on ! *ance t a call] or two may r+ ! door-bell4 ,a consci5ti\s employ] once rem>k$ to ! writ]3 ,9 ,engl& x mu/ be mu* easi]2 ! maid does n look & dress s l y\r daught]1 & y c at lea/ pret5d t %e doesn't l ! same ?+s4 ,b really1 my new waitress is q z pretty & /yli% z my daught] is1 & h] wi/ful look sometimes :5 ,m>y goes (f to a frolic q breaks my he>t4 ,too _m employ]s ( dome/ic s]vice h always be5 exempt f manual labor1 & !re=e con/antly impose exact+ duties ^u employees1 ! nature ( :i* !y d n und]/& by exp]i5ce2 !re is ?us no curb ( rationality impos$ ^u ! employ]'s requirem5ts & dem&s4 ,%e is totally unlike ! =eman 9 a %op1 :o has only ris5 to 8 position by way ( hav+ actually p]=m$ ) 8 own h&s all ! "w ( ! m5 he directs4 ,!re is also ano!r class ( employ]s ( dome/ic labor1 :o gr[ caprici\s & ov]-exact+ ?r\gh %e] lack ( l>g] int]e/s to occupy _! m9ds2 x is equally bad = !m & ! employee t ! duties ( ! latt] are n cle>ly def9$4 ,tol/oy cont5ds t an exagg]at$ notion ( cleanl9ess has develop$ among su* employ]s1 :i* c\ld nev] h be5 evolv$ among usefully employ$ p4 ,he po9ts to ! fact t a s]v+ man1 9 ord] t 8 h&s may be immaculately clean1 is kept f p]=m+ ! heavi] "w ( ! h\sehold1 & !n is suppli$ ) a tray1 ^u :i* to place a c>d1 9 ord] t ev5 8 clean h&s may n t\* x2 lat]1 ev5 8 clean h&s are cov]$ ) a pair ( clean :ite gloves1 :i* hold ! tray ^u :i* ! c>d is plac$4 ,if x 7 n = ! undemocratic e?ics us$ by ! employ]s ( dome/ics1 mu* "w n[ p]=m$ 9 ! h\sehold w\ld be done outside1 z is true ( _m products =m]ly manufactur$ 9 ! feudal h\sehold4 ,! work] 9 all o!r trades has complete control ( 8 own "t aft] ! p]=mance ( def9itely limit$ s]vices1 8 wages are paid altoge!r 9 money :i* he may sp5d 9 ! ma9t5ance ( a sep>ate home life1 & he has full opportunity to organize ) ! o!r work]s 9 8 trade4 ,! dome/ic employee is reta9$ 9 ! h\sehold l>gely because h] mi/ress fatu\sly believes t %e is ?us ma9ta9+ ! sanctity ( family life4 ,! h\sehold employee has no regul> opportunity = meet+ o!r work]s ( h] trade1 & ( atta9+ ) !m ! dignity ( a corporate body4 ,! indu/rial isolation ( ! h\sehold employee results1 z isolation 9 a trade mu/ always result1 9 a lack ( progress 9 ! me?ods & products ( t trade1 & a lack ( aspiration & education 9 ! workman4 ,:e!r we recognize ?is isolation z a cause or n1 we are all ready to ackn[l$ge t h\sehold labor has be5 9 "s way belat$2 t ! improvem5ts !re h n kept up ) ! improvem5t 9 o!r occupations4 ,x is said t ! la/ revolution 9 ! processes ( cook+ 0 br\ght ab\t by ,c\nt ,rum=d1 :o di$ a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,?is is l>gely due to ! lack ( esprit de corps among ! employees1 :i* keeps !m collectively f fre% a*ievem5ts1 z ! abs5ce ( education 9 ! individual keeps h] f improv+ h] implem5ts4 ,"u ?is isolation1 n only mu/ "o set ( ut5sils s]ve div]s purposes1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 t5d to a less5$ volume & l[] quality ( "w1 b1 inasmu* z ! appliances are n made to p]=m ! fulle/ "w1 !re is an am\nt ( capital inve/$ disproportionate to ! product :5 measur$ by ! a*ievem5t 9 o!r bran*es ( indu/ry4 ,m important ?an ?is is ! result ( ! isolation ^u ! work] h]self4 ,!re is no?+ m deva/at+ to ! inv5tive faculty1 nor fatal to a fl[ ( m9d & _s1 ?an ! con/ant feel+ ( lonel9ess & ! abs5ce ( t fell[%ip :i* makes our public op9ion4 ,if an angry =eman reprim&s a girl = break+ a ma*9e1 tw5ty o!r girls he> him1 & ! culprit kn[s p]fectly well _! op9ion z to ! ju/ice or inju/ice ( h] situation4 ,9 ei!r case %e be>s x bett] = kn[+ t1 & n ?9k+ x ov] 9 solitude4 ,if a h\sehold employee breaks a ut5sil or a piece ( porcela9 & is reprim&$ by h] employ]1 too (t5 ! invisible jury is ! family ( ! latt]1 :o naturally uphold h] c5sori\s position & int5sify ! feel+ ( lonel9ess 9 ! employee4 ,! h\sehold employee1 9 addition to h] indu/rial isolation1 is also isolat$ socially4 ,x is well to rememb] t ! h\sehold employees = ! bett] qu>t]s ( ! city & suburbs are l>gely drawn f ! poor] qu>t]s1 :i* are no?+ if n greg>i\s4 ,! girl is born & re>$ 9 a t5em5t h\se full ( *ildr54 ,%e goes to s*ool ) !m1 & !re %e le>ns to m>*1 to read1 & write 9 companion%ip ) =ty o!rs4 ,:5 %e is old en\gh to g to p>ties1 ^? %e att5ds are usually held 9 a public hall & are cr[d$ ) danc]s4 ,if %e works 9 a factory1 %e walks home ) _m o!r girls1 9 mu* ! same _s z %e =m]ly walk$ to s*ool ) !m4 ,%e m+les ) ! "y m5 %e kn[s1 9 frank1 economic1 & social equality4 ,until %e m>ries %e rema9s at home ) no special break or *ange 9 h] family & social life4 ,if %e is employ$ 9 a h\sehold1 ?is is n true4 ,sudd5ly all ! conditions ( h] life are alt]$4 ,?is *ange may be :olesome = h]1 b x is n easy1 & ?\ght ( ! sav+s-bank does n *e] "o mu*1 :5 "o is tw5ty4 ,%e is isolat$ f ! p ) :om %e has be5 re>$1 ) :om %e has gone to s*ool1 & among :om %e expects to live :5 %e m>ries4 ,%e is naturally lonely & con/ra9$ away f !m1 & ! new maid (t5 seems que] to h] employ]'s family4 ,%e does n c>e to m+le socially ) ! p 9 ^: h\se %e is employ$1 z ! girl f ! c\ntry (t5 does1 b %e surf]s horribly f lonel9ess4 ,?is :olesome1 in/9ctive dread ( social isolation is s /rong t1 z e city intellig5ce-(fice c te/ify1 ! fill+ ( situations is easi]1 or m difficult1 9 proportion z ! place (f]s m or less companion%ip4 ,?us1 ! easy situation to fill is always ! city h\se1 ) five or six employees1 %ad+ (f into ! m difficult suburban home1 ) two1 & ! utt]ly impossible lonely c\ntry h\se4 ,!re are suburban employ]s ( h\sehold labor :o make h]oic ef=ts to supply dome/ic & social life to _! employees2 :o take ! dome/ic employee to drive1 arrange to h h] invit$ out occasionally2 :o supply h] ) books & pap]s & companion%ip4 ,no?+ c\ld be m praisewor?y 9 motive1 b x is seldom successful 9 actual op]ation1 result+ z x does 9 a simulacrum ( companion%ip4 ,! employee may h a g5u9e fri5d%ip = h] employ]1 & a pleasure 9 h] companion%ip1 or %e may n h1 & ! unnaturalness ( ! situation comes f ! insi/5ce t %e has1 m]ely because ( ! prop9quity4 ,! unnaturalness ( ! situation is int5sifi$ by ! fact t ! employee is practically deb>r$ by di/ance & lack ( leisure f h] natural associates1 & t h] employ] sympa!tically insi/s ^u fill+ ! vacancy 9 int]e/s & affections by h] own ta/es & fri5d%ip4 ,%e may or may n succe$1 b ! employee %\ld n be ?us dep5d5t ^u ! good w ( h] employ]4 ,t 9 itself is undemocratic4 ,! difficulty is increas+ by a s5se ( social discrim9ation :i* ! h\sehold employee ke5ly feels is aga9/ h] & 9 favor ( ! factory girls1 9 ! m9ds ( ! "y m5 ( h] acqua9tance4 ,wom5 seek+ employm5t1 und]/& p]fectly well ?is feel+ among me*anics1 d\btless q unju/ifiable1 b x acts z a /rong inducem5t t[>d factory labor4 ,! writ] has long ceas$ to apologize = ! views & op9ions ( work+ p1 be+ q sure t on ! :ole !y are q z wise & q z fooli% z ! views & op9ions ( o!r p1 b t ?is p>ticul>ly fooli% op9ion ( "y me*anics is widely %>$ by ! employ+ class c be easily demon/rat$4 ,! contra/ is fur!r acc5tuat$ by ! bett] social position ( ! factory girl1 & ! advantages provid$ = h] 9 ! way ( lun* clubs1 social clubs1 & vacation homes1 f :i* girls p]=m+ h\sehold labor are practically exclud$ by _! h\rs ( "w1 _! geographical situation1 & a curi\s feel+ t !y are n z int]e/+ z factory girls4 ,?is sep>ation f h] natural social ties affects1 ( c\rse1 h] opportunity = family life4 ,x is well to rememb] t wom51 z a rule1 are devot$ to _! families2 t !y want to live ) _! p>5ts1 _! bro!rs & si/]s1 & k9sfolk1 & w sacrifice mu* to accompli% ?is4 ,?is devotion is s univ]sal t x is impossible to ignore x :5 we consid] wom5 z employees4 ,"y unm>ri$ wom5 are n deta*$ f family claims & requirem5ts z "y m5 are1 & are m ready & /eady 9 _! response to ! ne$s ( ag$ p>5ts & ! helpless memb]s ( ! family4 ,b wom5 p]=m+ labor 9 h\seholds h peculi> difficulties 9 respond+ to _! family claims1 & are practically dep5d5t ^u _! employ]s = opportunities ( ev5 see+ _! relatives & fri5ds4 ,curi\sly en\gh ! same devotion to family life & quick response to its claims1 on ! "p ( ! employ]1 op]ates aga9/ ! girl employ$ 9 h\sehold labor1 & /ill fur!r contributes to h] isolation4 ,! employ] ( h\sehold labor1 9 h] zeal to pres]ve h] own family life intact & free f intrusion1 acts inconsi/5tly & grants to h] cook1 = in/ance1 b once or twice a week1 su* opportunity = untrammell$ association ) h] relatives z ! employ]'s family claims con/antly4 ,?is 9 itself is undemocratic1 9 t x makes a di/9ction betwe5 ! value ( family life = "o set ( p z ov] aga9/ ano!r2 or1 r1 claims t "o set ( p are ( s mu* less importance ?an ano!r1 t a valuable side ( life p]ta9+ to !m %\ld be sacrific$ = ! o!r4 ,?is _c be def5d$ !oretically1 & no d\bt mu* ( ! talk among ! employ]s ( h\sehold labor1 t _! employees are c>efully %ield$ & c>$ =1 & t x is s mu* bett] = a girl's heal? & morals to "w 9 a h\sehold ?an to "w 9 a factory1 comes f a c]ta9 uneas9ess ( consci5ce1 & f a desire to make up by individual scruple :at w\ld be done mu* m freely & naturally by public op9ion if x _h an untrammell$ *ance to ass]t itself4 ,"o p]son1 or a numb] ( isolat$ p]sons1 h[ev] consci5ti\s1 _c p]=m ?is (fice ( public op9ion4 ,c]ta9 hospitals 9 ,london h contribut$ /ati/ics %[+ t sev5ty-eight p] c5t ( illegitimate *ildr5 born !re are ! *ildr5 ( girls work+ 9 h\seholds4 ,^! girls are c]ta9ly n less virtu\s ?an factory girls1 = !y come f ! same families & h _h ! same tra9+1 b ! girls :o rema9 at home & "w 9 factories meet _! lov]s naturally & easily1 _! fa!rs & bro!rs "k ! m51 & unconsci\sly ex]cise a c]ta9 sup]vision & a c]ta9 direction 9 _! *oice ( companion%ip4 ,! h\sehold employees liv+ 9 ano!r "p ( ! city1 away f _! natural family & social ties1 dep5d ^u *ance = ! lov]s :om !y meet4 ,! lov] may be ! "y man :o deliv]s = ! but*] or groc]1 or ! solit>y fri5d1 :o foll[s ! girl f h] own "p ( t[n & pursues unfairly ! advantage :i* h] social lonel9ess & isolation af=d him4 ,!re is no available public op9ion nor any /&>d ( conv5tion :i* ! girl c apply to h] own situation4 ,x w\ld be easy to po9t out _m inconv5i5ces aris+ f ! fact t ! old economic =ms are reta9$ :5 moral conditions :i* befitt$ !m h entirely disappe>$1 b until employ]s ( dome/ic labor become consci\s ( _! n>r[ code ( e?ics1 & make a di/9ct ef=t to break ?r\gh ! /atus ( mi/ress & s]vant1 because x %ocks _! moral s5se1 !re is no *ance ( ev5 beg9n+ a re=m4 ,a full] social & dome/ic life among h\sehold employees w\ld be /eps t[>d secur+ _! entrance into ! l>g] indu/rial organizations by :i* ! ne$s ( a community are mo/ successfully adm9i/]$4 ,_m a girl :o compla9s ( lonel9ess1 & :o rel9qui%es h] situation ) t z h] sole excuse1 feebly tries to =mulate h] s5se ( re/ra9t & social mal-adju/m5t4 ,%e sometimes says t %e feels s unnatural all ! "t4 ,! writ] has kn[n ! voice ( a girl to *ange s mu* dur+ ?ree weeks ( s]vice t %e c\ld n recognize x :5 ! girl return$ to h] home4 ,x alt]nat$ betwe5 ! high falsetto 9 :i* a %y *ild speaks a piece & ! husky gulp ) :i* ! globus hy/]icus is swall[$4 ,! al]tness & bonhomie ( ! voice ( ! t5em5t-h\se *ild _h totally disappe>$4 ,:5 su* a girl leaves h] employ]1 h] reasons are (t5 incoh]5t & totally incompreh5sible to t good lady1 :o naturally concludes t %e wi%es to get away f ! "w & back to h] dances & giddy life1 cont5t1 if %e has ^!1 to /& _m h\rs 9 an insanit>y factory4 ,! *>ge ( ! employ] is only half a tru?4 ,^! dances may be ! only organiz$ =m ( social life :i* ! di%e>t5$ employee is able to m5tion1 b ! girl h]self1 9 h] discont5t & h] mov+ f place to place1 is bl9dly /riv+ to respond to a l>g] social life4 ,h] employ] ?9ks t %e %\ld be able to consid] only ! int]e/s & conv5i5ces ( h] employ]'s family1 because ! employ] h]self is hold+ to a family outlook1 & refuses to all[ h] m9d to take 9 ! l>g] aspects ( ! situation4 ,al?\gh ?is h\sehold indu/ry survives 9 ! mid/ ( ! factory sy/em1 x mu/1 ( c\rse1 con/antly compete ) x4 ,wom5 ) little *ildr51 or ^? ) invalids dep5d+ ^u !m1 _c ent] ei!r occupation1 & !y are practically conf9$ to ! sew+ trades2 b to all o!r untra9$ wom5 seek+ employm5t a *oice is op5 betwe5 ^! two =ms ( labor4 ,!re are few wom5 s dull t !y _c pa/e labels on a box1 or d "s =m ( factory "w2 few s dull t "s p]plex$ h\sekeep] w n receive !m1 at lea/ = a trial1 9 h] h\sehold4 ,h\sehold labor1 !n1 has to compete ) factory labor1 & wom5 seek+ employm5t1 m or less consci\sly comp>e ^! two =ms ( labor 9 po9t ( h\rs1 9 po9t ( p]man5cy ( employm5t1 9 po9t ( wages1 & 9 po9t ( ! advantage !y af=d = family & social life4 ,?ree po9ts are easily dispos$ (4 ,fir/1 9 reg>d to h\rs1 !re is no d\bt t ! factory has ! advantage4 ,! av]age factory h\rs are f sev5 9 ! morn+ to six 9 ! ev5+1 ) ! *ance ( work+ ov]time 9 busy seasons4 ,?is leaves mo/ ( ! ev5+s & ,sundays entirely free4 ,! av]age h\rs ( h\sehold labor are f six 9 ! morn+ until eight at night1 ) little diff]5ce 9 seasons4 ,!re is "o aft]noon a week1 ) an occasional ev5+1 b ,sunday is seldom :olly free4 ,ev5 ^! ev5+s & aft]noons take ! =m ( a concession f ! employ]4 ,!y are call$ ev5+s out1 z if ! "t really belong$ to h]1 b t %e 0 graci\sly p]mitt+ h] employee to use x4 ,?is attitude1 ( c\rse1 is 9 m>k$ contra/ to t ma9ta9$ by ! factory op]ative1 :o1 :5 %e works ev5+s is paid = ov]-"t4 ,second1 9 reg>d to p]man5cy ( position1 ! advantage is f\nd cle>ly on ! side ( ! h\sehold employee1 if %e proves 9 any measure satisfactory to h] employ]1 = %e enc\nt]s mu* less competition4 ,?ird1 9 po9t ( wages1 ! h\sehold is aga9 fairly ahead1 if we consid] n ! money receiv$1 b ! opportunity (f]$ = sav+ money4 ,?is is great] among h\sehold employees1 because !y d n pay bo>d1 ! clo?+ requir$ is simpl]1 & ! temptation to sp5d money 9 recreation is less frequ5t4 ,! m9imum wages paid an adult 9 h\sehold labor may be fairly put at two doll>s & a half a week2 ! maximum at six doll>s1 ?is exclud+ ! comp>atively r>e opportunities = wom5 to cook at =ty doll>s a mon?1 & ! h\sekeep]'s position at fifty doll>s a mon?4 ,! factory wages1 view$ f ! sav+s-bank po9t ( view1 may be small] 9 ! av]age1 b ?is is d\btless c\nt]balanc$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! employees by ! great] *ance :i* ! factory (f]s = increas$ wages4 ,a girl ov] sixte5 seldom works 9 a factory = less ?an f\r doll>s a week1 & always *]i%es ! hope ( at la/ be+ a =ewoman ) a p]man5t sal>y ( f fifte5 to tw5ty-five doll>s a week4 ,:e!r %e atta9s ?is or n1 %e runs a fair *ance ( e>n+ t5 doll>s a week z a skill$ work]4 ,a girl f9ds x easi] to be cont5t ) ?ree doll>s a week1 :5 %e pays = bo>d1 9 a scale ( wages ris+ t[>d t5 doll>s1 ?an to be cont5t ) f\r doll>s a week & pay no bo>d1 9 a scale ( wages ris+ t[>d six doll>s2 & ! girl well kn[s t !re are scores ( =ewom5 at sixty doll>s a mon? = "o =ty-doll> cook or fifty-doll> h\sekeep]4 ,9 _m cases ?is position is well tak5 economically1 =1 al?\gh ! opportunity = sav+ may be bett] = ! employees 9 ! h\sehold ?an 9 ! factory1 h] family saves m :5 %e works 9 a factory & lives ) !m4 ,! r5t is no m :5 %e is at home4 ,! two doll>s & a half a week :i* %e pays into ! family fund m ?an cov]s ! co/ ( h] actual food1 & at night %e c (t5 contribute t[>d ! family labor by help+ h] "m wa% & sew4 ,! f\r? po9t has already be5 consid]$1 & if ! premise 9 reg>d to ! isolation ( ! h\sehold employee is well tak51 & if ! position c be su/a9$ t ?is isolation proves ! det]m9+ factor 9 ! situation1 !n c]ta9ly an ef=t %\ld be made to rem$y ?is1 at lea/ 9 its dome/ic & social aspects4 ,to all[ h\sehold employees to live ) _! own families & among _! own fri5ds1 z factory employees n[ d1 w\ld be to relegate m production to indu/rial c5tres adm9i/]$ on ! factory sy/em1 & to secure %ort] h\rs = t :i* rema9s to be done 9 ! h\sehold4 ,9 ^? cases 9 :i* ! h\sehold employees h no family ties1 d\btless a rem$y aga9/ social isolation w\ld be ! =mation ( resid5ce clubs1 at lea/ 9 ! suburbs1 :]e ! isolation is mo/ ke5ly felt4 ,inde$1 ! beg9n+s ( ^! clubs are already se5 9 ! s]vants' qu>t]s at ! summ] hotels4 ,9 ^! resid5ce clubs1 ! h\sehold employee c\ld h ! indep5d5t life :i* only "o's own abid+ place c af=d4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 presupposes a high] grade ( ability ?an h\sehold employees at pres5t possess2 on ! o!r h&1 x is only by (f]+ su* possibilities t ! high] grades ( intellig5ce c be secur$ = h\sehold employm5t4 ,z ! plan ( sep>ate clubs = h\sehold employees w probably come fir/ 9 ! suburbs1 :]e ! difficulty ( secur+ & hold+ s]vants "u ! pres5t sy/em is mo/ ke5ly felt1 s ! plan ( buy+ cook$ food f an outside kit*51 & ( hav+ m & m ( ! h\sehold product relegat$ to ! factory1 w probably come f ! comp>atively poor p 9 ! city1 :o feel mo/ ke5ly ! pressure ( ! pres5t sy/em4 ,!y already consume a mu* l>g] proportion ( cann$ goods & bak]s' w>es & prep>$ meats ?an ! m prosp]\s p d1 because !y _c comm& ! skill nor ! "t = ! m t$i\s prep>ation ( ! raw mat]ial4 ,! writ] has se5 a t5em5t-h\se "m pass by a basket ( gre5 peas at ! door ( a local groc]y /ore1 to pur*ase a t9 ( cann$ peas1 because !y c\ld be easily prep>$ = supp] & ! *ildr5 lik$ ! t9ny ta/e4 ,x is comp>atively easy = an employ] to manage h] h\sehold indu/ry ) a cook1 a laundress1 a waitress4 ,! difficulties really beg9 :5 ! family income is s small t b "o p]son c be employ$ 9 ! h\sehold = all ^! v>i$ functions1 & ! difficulties increase & gr[ almo/ insurm\ntable z !y fall altoge!r ^u ! "m ( ! family1 :o is liv+ 9 a flat1 or1 worse /ill1 9 a t5em5t h\se1 :]e "o /ove & "o set ( ut5sils mu/ be put to all sorts ( uses1 fit or unfit1 mak+ ! liv+ room ( ! family a horror 9 summ]1 & p]fectly insupportable on ra9y wa%+-days 9 w9t]4 ,su* a woman1 r ?an ! prosp]\s h\sekeep]1 uses factory products1 & ?us no high /&>d ( quality is e/abli%$4 ,! problem ( dome/ic s]vice1 :i* has long be5 discuss$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,engl&1 is n[ com+ to prom95ce 9 ,france4 ,z a well-kn[n economi/ has rec5tly po9t$ out1 ! l>ge defection 9 ! ranks ( dome/ics is !re reg>d$ z a sign ( revolt aga9/ an unconsci\s slav]y1 :ile ,engli% & ,am]ican writ]s appeal to ! /ati/ics :i* po9t to ! absorption ( an enorm\s numb] ( ! class f :i* s]vants 7 =m]ly recruit$ into factory employm5ts1 & urge1 z ! natural solution1 t m ( ! products us$ 9 h\seholds be manufactur$ 9 factories1 & t p]sonal s]vice1 at lea/ = heal?y adults1 be elim9at$ altoge!r4 ,bo? ( ^! l9es ( discussion c]ta9ly indicate t dome/ic s]vice is yield+ to ! influ5ce ( a democratic movem5t1 & is em]g+ f ! n>r[] code ( family e?ics into ! l>g] code gov]n+ social relations4 ,x /ill rema9s to express ! e?ical advance ?r\gh *ang$ economic conditions by :i* ! actual ne$s ( ! family may be suppli$ n only m effectively b m 9 l9e ) associat$ ef=t4 ,to fail to appreh5d ! t5d5cy ( "o's age1 & to fail to adapt ! conditions ( an indu/ry to x1 is to leave t indu/ry ill-adju/$ & belat$ on ! economic side1 & out ( l9e e?ically4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,indu/rial ,,amelioration ,!re is no d\bt t ! great difficulty we exp]i5ce 9 r$uc+ to action our imp]fect code ( social e?ics arises f ! fact t we h n yet le>n$ to act toge!r1 & f9d x f> f easy ev5 to fuse our pr9ciples & aims into a satisfactory /atem5t4 ,we h all be5 at times ent]ta9$ by ! futile ef=ts ( half a doz5 highly individualiz$ p ga!r$ toge!r z a committee4 ,_! aimless attempts to f9d a common me?od ( action h recall$ ! wav]+ motion ( a baby's arm be=e he has le>n$ to cord9ate 8 muscles4 ,if1 z is _m times /at$1 we are pass+ f an age ( individualism to "o ( association1 !re is no d\bt t = decisive & effective action ! individual /ill has ! be/ ( x4 ,he w secure effici5t results :ile committees are /ill delib]at+ ^u ! be/ me?od ( mak+ a beg9n+4 ,& yet1 if ! ne$ ( ! times dem& associat$ ef=t1 x may easily be true t ! action :i* appe>s ineffective1 & yet is c>ri$ out ^u ! m highly develop$ l9e ( associat$ ef=t1 may repres5t a f9] social quality & h a great] social value ?an ! m effective individual action4 ,x is possible t an individual may be successful1 l>gely because he cons]ves all 8 p[]s = individual a*ievem5t & does n put any ( 8 en]gy into ! tra9+ :i* w give him ! ability to act ) o!rs4 ,! individual acts promptly1 & we are dazzl$ by 8 success :ile only dimly consci\s ( ! inadequacy ( 8 code4 ,n[h]e is ?is illu/rat$ m cle>ly ?an 9 indu/rial relations1 z exi/+ betwe5 ! own] ( a l>ge factory & 8 employees4 ,a gr[+ conflict may be detect$ betwe5 ! democratic ideal1 :i* urges ! workm5 to dem& repres5tation 9 ! adm9i/ration ( indu/ry1 & ! accept$ position1 t ! man :o owns ! capital & takes ! risks has ! exclusive "r ( managem5t4 ,x is 9 reality a cla% betwe5 individual or ari/ocratic managem5t1 & corporate or democratic managem5t4 ,a l>ge & highly develop$ factory pres5ts a %>p contra/ betwe5 its socializ$ =m & individuali/ic ends4 ,x is possible to illu/rate ?is diff]5ce by a s]ies ( ev5ts :i* occurr$ 9 ,*icago dur+ ! summ] ( #ahid4 ,^! ev5ts epitomiz$ & exagg]at$1 b at ! same "t *all5g$1 ! code ( e?ics :i* regulates mu* ( our daily conduct1 & cle>ly %[$ t s-call$ social relations are (t5 re/+ ^u ! w ( an individual1 & are 9 reality regulat$ by a code ( individual e?ics4 ,z ?is situation illu/rates a po9t ( great difficulty to :i* we h arriv$ 9 our developm5t ( social e?ics1 x may be ju/ifiable to discuss x at "s l5g?4 ,let u recall ! facts1 n z !y h be5 inve/igat$ & pr9t$1 b z !y rema9 9 our memories4 ,a l>ge manufactur+ company _h provid$ commodi\s work%ops1 &1 at ! in/igation ( its presid5t1 _h built a model t[n = ! use ( its employees4 ,aft] a s]ies ( ye>s x 0 deem$ necess>y1 dur+ a f9ancial depression1 to r$uce ! wages ( ^! employees by giv+ ea* workman less ?an full-"t "w 9 ord] to keep ! %ops op54 ,?is r$uction 0 n accept$ by ! m51 :o _h become discont5t$ ) ! factory managem5t & ! t[n regulations1 & a /rike ensu$1 foll[$ by a complete %ut-d[n ( ! works4 ,al?\gh ^! %ops 7 non-union %ops1 ! /rik]s 7 ha/ily organiz$ & appeal$ = help to ! ,am]ican ,railway ,union1 :i* at t mom5t 0 hold+ its bi5nial meet+ 9 ,*icago4 ,aft] "s days' discussion & "s futile attempts at arbitration1 a sympa!tic /rike 0 decl>$1 :i* gradually involv$ railway m5 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & ord]ly transportation 0 br\ght to a complete /&/ill4 ,9 ! excitem5t :i* foll[$1 c>s 7 burn$ & tracks torn up4 ,! police ( ,*icago did n cope ) ! disord]1 & ! railway companies1 app>5tly di/ru/+ ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,/ate1 & 9 ord] to protect ! ,unit$ ,/ates mails1 call$ ^u ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! f$]al troops1 ! f$]al c\rts fur!r enjo9$ all p]sons aga9/ any =m ( int]f]5ce ) ! prop]ty or op]ation ( ! railroads1 & ! situation gradually assum$ ! proportions ( int]nec9e w>f>e4 ,dur+ all ( ^! ev5ts ! presid5t ( ! manufactur+ company fir/ involv$1 /eadfa/ly refus$ to h ! situation submitt$ to arbitration1 & ?is attitude naturally provok$ mu* discussion4 ,! discussion 0 broadly divid$ betwe5 ^? :o held t ! long k9dness ( ! presid5t ( ! company _h be5 mo/ ungratefully receiv$1 & ^? :o ma9ta9$ t ! situation 0 ! inevitable outcome ( ! social consci\sness develop+ among work+ p4 ,! fir/ def5d$ ! presid5t ( ! company 9 8 p]si/5t refusal to arbitrate1 ma9ta9+ t arbitration 0 impossible aft] ! matt] _h be5 tak5 up by o!r ?an 8 own employees1 & !y decl>$ t a man mu/ be all[$ to run 8 own bus9ess4 ,!y consid]$ ! firm /& ( ! presid5t a s]vice to ! manufactur+ int]e/s ( ! entire c\ntry4 ,! o!rs claim$ t a l>ge manufactur+ conc]n has ceas$ to be a private matt]2 t n only a numb] ( workm5 & /ockhold]s are conc]n$ 9 its managem5t1 b t ! int]e/s ( ! public are s involv$ t ! (fic]s ( ! company are 9 a real s5se adm9i/]+ a public tru/4 ,?is prolong$ /rike cle>ly puts 9 a concrete =m ! e?ics ( an individual1 9 ?is case a b5evol5t employ]1 & ! e?ics ( a mass ( m51 8 employees1 claim+ :at !y believ$ to be _! moral rights4 ,^! ev5ts illu/rate ! difficulty ( manag+ an indu/ry :i* has become organiz$ into a va/ social op]ation1 n ) ! cop]ation ( ! workman ?us socializ$1 b solely by ! dictation ( ! individual own+ ! capital4 ,!re is a %>p div]g5ce betwe5 ! social =m & ! individual aim1 :i* becomes great] z ! employees are m highly socializ$ & dep5d5t4 ,! presid5t ( ! company "u discussion w5t fur!r ?an ! usual employ] does4 ,he socializ$ n only ! factory1 b ! =m 9 :i* 8 workm5 7 liv+4 ,he built1 & 9 a great measure regulat$1 an entire t[n1 )\t call+ ^u ! workm5 ei!r = self-expression or self-gov]nm5t4 ,he hone/ly believ$ t he knew bett] ?an !y :at 0 = _! good1 z he c]ta9ly knew bett] ?an !y h[ to conduct 8 bus9ess4 ,z 8 factory develop$ & increas$1 mak+ money ea* ye> "u 8 direction1 he naturally expect$ ! t[n to prosp] 9 ! same way4 ,he did n realize t ! m5 submitt$ to ! undemocratic conditions ( ! factory organization because ! economic pressure 9 our indu/rial affairs is s great t !y c\ld n d o!rwise4 ,"u ?is pressure !y c\ld be successfully disc\rag$ f organization1 & sy/ematically treat$ on ! individual basis4 ,social life1 h[ev]1 9 spite ( class di/9ctions1 is mu* fre] ?an indu/rial life1 & ! m5 res5t$ ! ext5sion ( indu/rial control to dome/ic & social arrangem5ts4 ,!y felt ! lack ( democracy 9 ! assumption t !y %\ld be tak5 c>e ( 9 ^! matt]s1 9 :i* ev5 ! humble/ workman has won 8 indep5d5ce4 ,! basic difficulty lay 9 ! fact t an individual 0 direct+ ! social affairs ( _m m5 )\t any consi/5t ef=t to f9d out _! desires1 & )\t any organization ?r\gh :i* to give !m social expression4 ,! presid5t ( ! company 01 moreov]1 s confid5t ( ! righte\sness ( 8 aim t he _h come to te/ ! righte\sness ( ! process by 8 own feel+s & n by ^? ( ! m54 ,he d\btless built ! t[n f a s9c]e desire to give 8 employees ! be/ surr\nd+s4 ,z x develop$1 he gradually took t[>d x ! arti/ attitude t[>d 8 own creation1 :i* has no ?\ght = ! creation itself b is absorb$ 9 ! idea x /&s =1 & he ceas$ to measure ! usefulness ( ! t[n by ! /&>d ( ! m5's ne$s4 ,?is process sl[ly d>k5$ 8 gl9ts ( memory1 :i* might h connect$ 8 exp]i5ce ) t ( 8 m54 ,x is possible to cultivate ! impulses ( ! b5efactor until ! p[] ( atta9+ a simple human relation%ip ) ! b5efici>ies1 t ( frank equality ) !m1 is gone1 & !re is left no mutual int]e/ 9 a common cause4 ,to p]=m too _m good de$s may be to lose ! p[] ( recogniz+ good 9 o!rs2 to be too absorb$ 9 c>ry+ out a p]sonal plan ( improvem5t may be to fail to cat* ! great moral lesson :i* our times (f]4 ,! presid5t ( ?is company fo/]$ 8 employees = _m ye>s2 he gave !m sanit>y h\ses & beautiful p>ks2 b 9 _! extreme ne$1 :5 !y 7 /ruggl+ ) ! mo/ difficult situation :i* ! times c\ld pres5t to !m1 he lo/ 8 t\* & _h no?+ :]e) to help !m4 ,! employ]'s conception ( goodness = 8 m5 _h be5 cleanl9ess1 dec5cy ( liv+1 &1 above all1 ?rift & temp]ance4 ,means _h be5 provid$ = all ?is1 & opportunities _h also be5 giv5 = recreation & improvem5t4 ,b ?is employ] sudd5ly f\nd 8 t[n 9 ! sweep ( a _w-wide moral impulse4 ,a movem5t _h be5 go+ on ab\t him & among 8 work+ m51 ( :i* he _h be5 unconsci\s1 or conc]n+ :i* he _h he>d only by rumor4 ,outside ! k5 ( philan?ropi/s ! prolet>iat _h le>n$ to say 9 _m languages1 t ! injury ( "o is ! conc]n ( all4 ,_! wat*words 7 bro!rhood1 sacrifice1 ! subord9ation ( individual & trade int]e/s1 to ! good ( ! work+ classes1 & !y 7 mov$ by a det]m9ation to free t class f ! unt[>d conditions "u :i* !y 7 labor+4 ,comp>$ to ^! wat*words1 ! old ones :i* ?is philan?ropic employ] _h giv5 8 t[n 7 negative & inadequate4 ,he _h believ$ /rongly 9 temp]ance & /ead9ess ( individual ef=t1 b _h fail$ to appreh5d ! great] movem5t ( comb9$ ab/95ce & conc]t$ action4 ,) all 8 fo/]+1 ! presid5t _h n atta9$ to a conception ( social morality = 8 m5 & _h imag9$ t virtue = !m l>gely meant abs5ce ( vice4 ,:5 ! labor movem5t f9ally /irr$ 8 t[n1 or1 to speak m fairly1 :51 9 _! di/ress & p]plexity1 8 own employees appeal$ to an organiz$ manife/ation ( ?is movem5t1 !y 7 q sure t simply because !y 7 workm5 9 di/ress !y w\ld n be des]t$ by x4 ,?is loyalty on ! "p ( a widely ramifi$ & well-organiz$ union t[>d ! workm5 9 a non-union %op1 :o _h contribut$ no?+ to its cause1 0 c]ta9ly a manife/ation ( moral p[]4 ,9 none ( 8 utt]ances or correspond5ce did ! presid5t = an in/ant recognize ?is t\* ( nobility1 al?\gh "o w\ld imag9e t he w\ld gladly po9t out ?is bit ( virtue1 9 :at he mu/ h consid]$ ! moral ru9 ab\t him4 ,he /ood ?r\gh\t = ! individual virtues1 ^? :i* _h di/+ui%$ ! model workm5 ( 8 y\?2 ^? :i* _h enabl$ him & s _m ( 8 contempor>ies to rise 9 life1 :5 ris+ 9 life 0 urg$ ^u e promis+ boy z ! goal ( 8 ef=ts4 ,( ! code ( social e?ics he _h caught absolutely no?+4 ,! morals he _h advocat$ 9 select+ & tra9+ 8 m5 did n fail !m 9 ! h\r ( confusion4 ,!y 7 self-controll$1 & !y !mselves de/roy$ no prop]ty4 ,!y 7 sob] & exhibit$ no drunk5ness1 ev5 al?\gh oblig$ to hold _! meet+s 9 ! saloon hall ( a neighbor+ t[n4 ,!y repaid _! employ] 9 k9d1 b he _h giv5 !m no rule = ! life ( association into :i* !y 7 plung$4 ,! presid5t ( ! company desir$ t 8 employees %\ld possess ! individual & family virtues1 b did no?+ to *]i% 9 !m ! social virtues :i* express !mselves 9 associat$ ef=t4 ,day aft] day1 dur+ t horrible "t ( susp5se1 :5 ! wires con/antly report$ ! same message1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,company holds t !re is no?+ to arbitrate1 "o 0 =c$ to feel t ! ideal ( "o-man rule 0 be+ su/a9$ 9 its balde/ =m4 ,a dem& f _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry & f _m p 0 be+ made = social adju/m5t1 aga9/ :i* ! comm]cial tra9+ & ! individuali/ic po9t ( view held its own successfully4 ,! majority ( ! /ockhold]s1 n only ( ?is company b ( simil> companies1 & _m o!r citiz5s1 :o _h _h ! same comm]cial exp]i5ce1 %>$ & su/a9$ ?is position4 ,x 0 q impossible = !m to cat* ! o!r po9t ( view4 ,!y n only felt !mselves "r f ! comm]cial /&po9t1 b _h gradually accu/om$ !mselves also to ! philan?ropic /&po9t1 until !y _h come to consid] _! motives beyond reproa*4 ,habit held !m p]si/5t 9 ?is view ( ! case ?r\gh all *ang+ conditions4 ,a wise man has said t ! cons5t ( m5 & y\r own consci5ce are two w+s giv5 y :]eby y may rise to ,god4 ,x is s easy = ! good & p[]ful to ?9k t !y c rise by foll[+ ! dictates ( consci5ce1 by pursu+ _! own ideals1 t !y are prone to leave ^? ideals unconnect$ ) ! cons5t ( _! fell[-m54 ,! presid5t ( ! company ?\ght out )9 8 own m9d a beautiful t[n4 ,he _h p[] ) :i* to build ?is t[n1 b he did n appeal to nor obta9 ! cons5t ( ! m5 :o 7 liv+ 9 x4 ,! mo/ unambiti\s re=m1 recogniz+ ! necessity = ?is cons5t1 makes = sl[ b sane & /r5u\s progress1 :ile ! mo/ ambiti\s ( social plans & exp]im5ts1 ignor+ ?is1 is prone to failure4 ,! man :o insi/s ^u cons5t1 :o moves ) ! p1 is b\nd to consult ! feasible "r z well z ! absolute "r4 ,he is (t5 oblig$ to atta9 only ,mr4 ,l9coln's be/ possible1 & !n has ! sick5+ s5se ( compromise ) 8 be/ convictions4 ,he has to move along ) ^? :om he leads t[>d a goal t nei!r he nor !y see v cle>ly till !y come to x4 ,he has to discov] :at p really want1 & !n provide ! *annels 9 :i* ! gr[+ moral =ce ( _! lives %all fl[4 ,:at he does atta91 h[ev]1 is n ! result ( 8 individual /riv+1 z a solit>y m\nta9-climb] beyond t ( ! valley multitude b x is su/a9$ & upheld by ! s5tim5ts & aspirations ( _m o!rs4 ,progress has be5 sl[] p]p5dicul>ly1 b incomp>ably great] because lat]al4 ,he has n taught 8 contempor>ies to climb m\nta9s1 b he has p]suad$ ! villag]s to move up a few feet high]2 add$ to ?is1 he has made secure 8 progress4 ,a few mon?s aft] ! dea? ( ! promot] ( ?is model t[n1 a c\rt decision made x obligatory ^u ! company to dive/ itself ( ! managem5t ( ! t[n z involv+ a function beyond its corporate p[]s4 ,! p>ks1 fl[]s1 & f\nta9s ( ?is f>-fam$ indu/rial c5tre 7 dismantl$1 ) sc>cely a prote/ f ! inhabitants !mselves4 ,! man :o disassociates 8 ambition1 h[ev] dis9t]e/$1 f ! cop]ation ( 8 fell[s1 always takes ?is risk ( ultimate failure4 ,he does n take advantage ( ! great cons]v] & gu>antee ( 8 own p]man5t success :i* associat$ ef=ts af=d4 ,g5u9e exp]im5ts t[>d high] social conditions mu/ h a m democratic fai? & practice ?an ^? :i* und]lie private v5ture4 ,public p>ks & improvem5ts1 int5d$ = ! common use1 are aft] all only safe 9 ! h&s ( ! public itself2 & associat$ ef=t t[>d social progress1 al?\gh mu* m awkw>d & /umbl+ ?an t same ef=t manag$ by a capable individual1 does yet enli/ deep] =ces & evoke high] social capacities4 ,! successful bus9ess man :o is also ! philan?ropi/ is 9 m ?an ! usual dang] ( gett+ widely sep>at$ f 8 employees4 ,! m5 already h ! ,am]ican v5]ation = weal? & successful bus9ess capacity1 &1 add$ to ?is1 !y are dazzl$ by 8 good works4 ,! workm5 h ! same k9dly impulses z he1 b :ile !y organize _! *>ity into mutual b5efit associations & di/ribute _! money 9 small am\nts 9 relief = ! wid[s & insurance = ! injur$1 ! employ] may build model t[ns1 erect college build+s1 :i* are tangible & endur+1 & !reby display 8 goodness 9 conc5trat$ =m4 ,by ! v exig5cies ( bus9ess dem&s1 ! employ] is too (t5 cut (f f ! social e?ics develop+ 9 reg>d to our l>g] social relation%ips1 & f ! great moral life spr++ f our common exp]i5ces4 ,?is is sure to happ5 :5 he is good to p r ?an ) !m1 :5 he all[s himself to decide :at is be/ = !m in/ead ( consult+ !m4 ,he ?us misses ! rectify+ influ5ce ( t fell[%ip :i* is s big t x leaves no room = s5sitiv5ess or gratitude4 ,)\t ?is fell[%ip we may nev] "k h[ great ! div]g5ce betwe5 ourselves & o!rs may become1 nor h[ cruel ! misund]/&+s4 ,dur+ a rec5t /rike ( ! employees ( a l>ge factory 9 ,ohio1 ! presid5t ( ! company express$ himself z bitt]ly disappo9t$ by ! results ( 8 _m k9dnesses1 & evid5tly consid]$ ! employees utt]ly unappreciative4 ,8 /ate ( m9d 0 ! result ( ! fallacy ( m9i/]+ to social ne$s f an individual impulse & expect+ a socializ$ return ( gratitude & loyalty4 ,if ! lun*-room 0 necess>y1 x 0 a necessity 9 ord] t ! employees might h bett] food1 &1 :5 !y _h receiv$ ! bett] food1 ! legitimate aim ( ! lun*-room 0 met4 ,if ba?s 7 desirable1 & ! fifte5 m9utes ( cali/h5ic ex]cise giv5 ! wom5 9 ! middle ( ea* half day br\ght a ne$$ re/ & *ange to _! muscles1 !n ! increas$ cleanl9ess & ! increas$ bodily com=t ( s _m p %\ld ( !mselves h ju/ifi$ ! exp]im5t4 ,to dem&1 z a fur!r result1 t !re %\ld be no /rikes 9 ! factory1 no revolt aga9/ ! w ( ! employ] because ! employees 7 fill$ ) loyalty z ! result ( ! k9dness1 0 ( c\rse to take ! exp]im5t f an individual basis to a social "o4 ,l>ge m9+ companies & manufactur+ conc]ns are con/antly appeal+ to _! /ockhold]s = funds1 or = p]mission to take a p]c5tage ( ! pr(its1 9 ord] t ! money may be us$ = educational & social s*emes design$ = ! b5efit ( ! employees4 ,! promot]s ( ^! s*emes use z an argum5t & z an appeal1 t bett] relations w be ?us e/abli%$1 t /rikes w be prev5t$1 & t 9 ! end ! money return$ to ! /ockhold]s w be increas$4 ,h[ev] praisewor?y ?is appeal may be 9 motive1 x involves a di/9ct confusion ( issues1 & 9 !ory des]ves ! failure x s (t5 meets ) 9 practice4 ,9 ! cla% :i* foll[s a /rike1 ! employees are accus$ ( an +ratitude1 :5 !re 0 no legitimate reason to expect gratitude2 & useless bitt]ness1 :i* has really a factiti\s basis1 may be develop$ on bo? sides4 ,inde$1 unless ! relation becomes a democratic "o1 ! *ances ( misund]/&+ are increas$1 :5 to ! relation ( employ] & employees is add$ ! relation ( b5efactor to b5efici>ies1 9 s f> z !re is /ill ano!r opportunity = act+ ^u ! individual code ( e?ics4 ,!re is no d\bt t ^! ef=ts are to be comm5d$1 n only f ! /&po9t ( _! social value b because !y h a m>k$ indu/rial significance4 ,fail+1 z !y d1 h[ev]1 to t\* ! "q ( wages & h\rs1 :i* are almo/ inv>iably ! po9ts ( trades-union ef=t1 ! employ]s confuse ! m9d ( ! public :5 !y urge ! amelioration ( conditions & ! k9dly relation exi/+ betwe5 !m & _! m5 z a reason = ! discont9uance ( /rikes & o!r trades-union tactics4 ,! m5 h individually accept$ ! k9dness ( ! employ]s z x 0 individually (f]$1 b q z ! latt] urges 8 inability to increase wages unless he has ! cop]ation ( 8 competitors1 s ! m5 /ate t !y are b\nd to ! trades-union /ruggle = an increase 9 wages because x c only be und]tak5 by comb9ations ( labor4 ,ev5 ! mu* m democratic ef=t to divide a proportion ( ! pr(its at ! end ( ! ye> among ! employees1 ^u ! basis ( _! wages & effici5cy1 is also expos$ to a weakness1 f ! fact t ! employ+ side has ! p[] ( det]m9+ to :om ! b5efit %all accrue4 ,bo? individual acts ( self-def5ce on ! "p ( ! wage e>n] & individual acts ( b5evol5ce on ! "p ( ! employ] are mo/ useful z !y e/abli% /&>ds to :i* ! av]age work] & employ] may 9 "t be legally compell$ to con=m4 ,progress mu/ always come ?r\gh ! individual :o v>ies f ! type & has suffici5t en]gy to express ?is v>iation4 ,he fir/ holds a high] conception ?an t held by ! mass ( 8 fell[s ( :at is righte\s "u giv5 conditions1 & expresses ?is conviction 9 conduct1 9 _m in/ances =mulat+ a c]ta9 scruple :i* ! o!rs %>e1 b h n yet def9$ ev5 to !mselves4 ,progress1 h[ev]1 is n secure until ! mass has con=m$ to ?is new righte\sness4 ,?is is equally true 9 reg>d to any advance made 9 ! /&>d ( liv+ on ! "p ( ! trades-unioni/s or 9 ! improv$ conditions ( indu/ry on ! "p ( re=m+ employ]s4 ,! mi/ake lies1 n 9 ov]prais+ ! advance ?us inaugurat$ by individual initiative1 b 9 reg>d+ ! a*ievem5t z complete 9 a social s5se :5 x is /ill 9 ! realm ( individual action4 ,no sane manufactur] reg>ds 8 factory z ! c5tre ( ! indu/rial sy/em4 ,he kn[s v well t ! co/ ( mat]ial1 wages1 & sell+ prices are det]m9$ by indu/rial conditions completely beyond 8 control4 ,yet ! same man may q calmly reg>d himself & 8 own private pr9ciples z m]ely self-reg>d+1 & expect results f casual philan?ropy :i* c only be accompli%$ ?r\gh ^? common rules ( life & labor e/abli%$ by ! community = ! common good4 ,outside ( & surr\nd+ ^! small] & mo/ significant ef=ts are ! l>g] & irresi/ible movem5ts op]at+ t[>d comb9ation4 ,?is movem5t mu/ t5d to decide ^u social matt]s f ! social /&po9t4 ,until !n x is difficult to keep our m9ds free f a confusion ( issues4 ,su* a confusion occurs :5 ! gift ( a l>ge sum to ! community = a public & philan?ropic purpose1 ?r[s a c]ta9 glam\r ov] all ! e>li] acts ( a man1 & makes x difficult = ! community to see possible wrongs committ$ aga9/ x1 9 ! accumulation ( weal? s b5efic5tly us$4 ,x is possible also t ! resolve to be ?us g5]\s unconsci\sly influ5ces ! man himself 9 8 me?ods ( accumulation4 ,he keeps to a c]ta9 individual rectitude1 mean+ to make an individual re/itution by ! old pa?s ( g5]osity & k9dness1 :]eas if he _h 9 view social re/itution on ! new] l9es ( ju/ice & opportunity1 he w\ld ?r\gh\t 8 c\rse d\btless be wat*ful ( 8 indu/rial relation%ips & 8 social virtues4 ,! dang] ( pr(essionally atta9+ to ! p[] ( ! righte\s man1 ( yield+ to ! ambition = do+ good on a l>ge scale1 comp>$ to :i* ! ambition = politics1 le>n+1 or weal?1 are vulg> & commonplace1 ramifies ?r\gh our mod]n life2 & ^? mo/ easily beset by ?is temptation are precisely ! m5 be/ situat$ to exp]im5t on ! l>g] social l9es1 because !y s easily dramatize _! acts & lead public op9ion4 ,v (t51 too1 !y h 9 _! h&s ! pres]vation & advancem5t ( l>ge ve/$ int]e/s1 & (t5 see cle>ly & truly t !y are bett] able to adm9i/] ! affairs ( ! community ?an ! community itself3 sometimes !y see t if !y d n adm9i/] !m %>ply & quickly1 z only an individual c1 c]ta9 int]e/s ( !irs dep5d5t ^u ! community w g to ru94 ,! model employ] fir/ consid]$1 provid$ a l>ge sum 9 8 w ) :i* to build & equip a polyte*nic s*ool1 :i* w d\btless be ( great public value4 ,?is aga9 %[s ! advantage ( individual managem5t1 9 ! sp5d+ z well z 9 ! accumulat+ ( weal?1 b ?is s*ool w atta9 its highe/ good1 9 s f> z x incites ! ambition to provide o!r s*ools f public funds4 ,! t[n ( ,zuri* possesses a magnific5t polyte*nic in/itute1 secur$ by ! vote ( ! entire p & support$ f public taxes4 ,e man :o vot$ = x is int]e/$ t 8 *ild %\ld enjoy its b5efits1 &1 ( c\rse1 ! volunt>y att5dance mu/ be l>g] ?an 9 a s*ool accept$ z a gift to ! community4 ,9 ! educational ef=ts ( model employ]s1 z 9 o!r attempts t[>d social amelioration1 "o man ) ! be/ ( int5tions is try+ to d :at ! entire body ( employees %\ld h und]tak5 to d = !mselves4 ,! result ( 8 ef=ts w only atta9 its highe/ value z x s]ves z an inc5tive to procure o!r results by ! community z well z = ! community4 ,!re are d\btless _m ?+s :i* ! public w\ld nev] dem& unless !y 7 fir/ suppli$ by individual initiative1 bo? because ! public lacks ! imag9ation1 & also ! p[] ( =mulat+ _! wants4 ,?us philan?ropic ef=t supplies k9d]g>t5s1 until !y become s e/abli%$ 9 ! popul> affections t !y are incorporat$ 9 ! public s*ool sy/em4 ,*ur*es & missions e/abli% read+ rooms1 until at la/ ! public libr>y sy/em dots ! city ) bran* read+ rooms & libr>ies4 ,= ?is will+ness to take risks = ! sake ( an ideal1 = ^? exp]im5ts :i* mu/ be und]tak5 ) vigor & boldness 9 ord] to secure didactic value 9 failure z well z 9 success1 society mu/ dep5d ^u ! individual possess$ ) money1 & also di/+ui%$ by e>ne/ & unselfi% purpose4 ,su* exp]im5ts enable ! nation to use ! ,ref]5dum me?od 9 its public affairs4 ,ea* social exp]im5t is ?us te/$ by a few p1 giv5 wide publicity1 t x may be obs]v$ & discuss$ by ! bulk ( ! citiz5s be=e ! public prud5tly makes up its m9d :e!r or n x is wise to incorporate x into ! functions ( gov]nm5t4 ,if ! decision is 9 its favor & x is s incorporat$1 x c !n be c>ri$ on ) confid5ce & en?usiasm4 ,b exp]i5ce has %[n t we c only dep5d ^u successful m5 = a c]ta9 type ( exp]im5t 9 ! l9e ( indu/rial amelioration & social advancem5t4 ,! li/ ( ^? :o f\nd *ur*es1 educational in/itutions1 libr>ies1 & art gall]ies1 is v long1 z is aga9 ! li/ ( ^? contribut+ to model dwell+s1 recreation halls1 & a?letic fields4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t factory employ]s are do+ mu* to promote indu/rial bett]m5t 9 ! way ( sanit>y surr\nd+s1 opportunities = ba?+1 lun* rooms provid$ ) *eap & :olesome food1 club rooms1 & guild halls4 ,b !re is a l9e ( social exp]im5t involv+ social righte\sness 9 its mo/ advanc$ =m1 9 :i* ! numb] ( employ]s & ! favor$ class are s few t x is pla9 society _c c\nt ^u !m = cont9u\s & valuable help4 ,?is lack is 9 ! l9e ( factory legislation & t sort ( social advance impli$ 9 %ort] h\rs & ! regulation ( wages2 9 %ort1 all t organization & activity t is involv$ 9 su* a ma9t5ance & increase ( wages z w\ld prev5t ! l[]+ ( ! /&>d ( life4 ,a l>ge body ( p feel ke5ly t ! pres5t indu/rial sy/em is 9 a /ate ( pr(\nd disord]1 & t !re is no gu>antee t ! pursuit ( individual e?ics w ev] "r x4 ,!y claim t relief c only come ?r\gh delib]ate corporate ef=t inspir$ by social ideas & guid$ by ! /udy ( economic laws1 & t ! pres5t indu/rial sy/em ?w>ts our e?ical dem&s1 n only = social righte\sness b = social ord]4 ,because !y believe t ea* advance 9 e?ics mu/ be made fa/ by a correspond+ advance 9 politics & legal enactm5t1 !y insi/ ^u ! "r ( /ate regulation & control4 ,:ile _m p repres5t+ all classes 9 a community w\ld ass5t to ?is z to a g5]al proposition1 & w\ld ev5 admit x z a c]ta9 moral obligation1 legislative enactm5ts design$ to control indu/rial conditions h l>gely be5 secur$ ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( a few citiz5s1 mo/ly ^? :o con/antly see ! h>% conditions ( labor & :o are incit$ to activity by _! sympa?ies z well z _! convictions4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by ! s]ies ( legal enactm5ts regulat+ ! occupations 9 :i* *ildr5 may be all[$ to "w1 also ! laws 9 reg>d to ! h\rs ( labor p]mitt$ 9 ^? occupations1 & ! m9imum age bel[ :i* *ildr5 may n be employ$4 ,! fir/ *ild labor laws 7 enact$ 9 ,engl& ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ^? memb]s ( p>liam5t ^: he>ts 7 wrung by ! condition ( ! little p>i% appr5tices b\nd out to ! e>ly textile manufactur]s ( ! nor?2 & ?r\gh ! long ye>s requir$ to build up ! code ( *ild labor legislation :i* ,engl& n[ possesses1 k ( ! conditions has always prec$$ effective legislation4 ,! ef=ts ( t small numb] 9 e community :o believe 9 legislative control h always be5 ren=c$ by ! ef=ts ( trades-unioni/s r ?an by ! ef=ts ( employ]s4 ,p>tly because ! employm5t ( work+m5 9 ! factories br+s !m 9 contact ) ! *ildr5 :o t5d to l[] wages & demoralize _! trades1 & p>tly because work+m5 h no money nor "t to sp5d 9 alleviat+ philan?ropy1 & mu/ p]=ce seize ^u agitation & legal enactm5t z ! only *annel ( r$ress :i* is op5 to !m4 ,we may illu/rate by imag9+ a r[ ( p seat$ 9 a mov+ /reet-c>1 into :i* d>ts a boy ( eight1 call+ out ! details ( ! la/ murd]1 9 ! hope ( sell+ an ev5+ newspap]4 ,a com=table look+ man buys a pap] f him ) no s5se ( moral %ock2 he may ev5 be a trifle complac5t t he has help$ along ! little fell[1 :o is mak+ 8 way 9 ! _w4 ,! philan?ropic lady sitt+ next to him may p]haps reflect t x is a pity t su* a bright boy is n 9 s*ool4 ,%e may make up h] m9d 9 a mom5t ( compunction to r$\ble h] ef=ts = v>i\s newsboys' s*ools & homes1 t ?is poor *ild may h bett] tea*+1 & p]haps a *ance at manual tra9+4 ,%e probably is conv9c$ t he alone1 by 8 unaid$ ef=ts1 is support+ a wid[$ "m1 & h] he>t is mov$ to d all %e c = him4 ,next to h] sits a work+man tra9$ 9 trades-union me?ods4 ,he kn[s t ! boy's natural developm5t is arre/$1 & t ! abnormal activity ( 8 body & m9d uses up ! =ce :i* %\ld g into gr[?2 moreov]1 t ?is premature use ( 8 p[]s has b a mom5t>y & speci\s value4 ,he is =c$ to ^! conclusions because he has se5 _m a man1 ent]+ ! factory at eighte5 & tw5ty1 s worn out by premature "w t he 0 laid on ! %elf )9 t5 or fifte5 ye>s4 ,he kn[s v well t he c d no?+ 9 ! way ( ameliorat+ ! lot ( ?is p>ticul> boy2 t 8 only possible *ance is to agitate = prop] *ild-labor laws2 to regulate1 & if possible prohibit1 /reet-v5d+ by *ildr51 9 ord] t ! *ild ( ! poore/ may h 8 s*ool "t secur$ to him1 & may h at lea/ 8 %ort *ance = gr[?4 ,^! ?ree p1 sitt+ 9 ! /reet c>1 are all hone/ & upright1 & recognize a c]ta9 duty t[>d ! =lorn *ildr5 ( ! community4 ,! self-made man is enc\rag+ "o boy's own ef=ts2 ! philan?ropic lady is help+ on a few boys2 ! work+man alone is oblig$ to include all ! boys ( 8 class4 ,work+m51 because ( _! feebl5ess 9 all b numb]s1 h be5 =c$ to appeal to ! /ate1 9 ord] to secure protection = !mselves & = _! *ildr54 ,!y _c all rise out ( _! class1 z ! occasionally successful man has done2 "s ( !m mu/ be left to d ! "w 9 ! factories & m9es1 & !y h no money to sp5d 9 philan?ropy4 ,bo? public agitation & a social appeal to ! consci5ce ( ! community is necess>y 9 ord] to secure help f ! /ate1 &1 curi\sly en\gh1 *ild-labor laws once enact$ & en=c$ are a matt] ( great pride1 & ev5 come to be reg>d$ z a regi/] ( ! community's humanity & enlight5m5t4 ,if ! me?od ( public agitation c\ld f9d quiet & ord]ly expression 9 legislative enactm5t1 & if labor measures c\ld be submitt$ to ! exam9ation & judgm5t ( ! :ole )\t a s5se ( division or ( w>f>e1 we %\ld h ! ideal developm5t ( ! democratic /ate4 ,b we judge labor organizations z we d o!r liv+ in/itutions1 n by _! decl>ation ( pr9ciples1 :i* we seldom read1 b by _! blund]+ ef=ts to apply _! pr9ciples to actual conditions1 & by ! (t-"t failure ( _! repres5tatives1 :5 ! individual f9ds himself too weak to become ! organ ( corporate action4 ,! v blund]s & lack ( organization too (t5 *>act]iz+ a union1 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! ord]ly managem5t ( a factory1 (t5 confuse u z to ! real issues involv$1 & we f9d x h>d to tru/ unc\? & unruly manife/ations ( social ef=t4 ,! situation is made ev5 m complicat$ by ! fact t ^? :o are =mulat+ a code ( associat$ action s (t5 break ?r\gh ! e/abli%$ code ( law & ord]4 ,z society has a "r to dem& ( ! re=m+ individual t he be /]nly held to 8 p]sonal & dome/ic claims1 s x has a "r to insi/ t labor organizations %all keep to ! h>dly won /&>ds ( public law & ord]2 & ! community p]=ms b its pla9 duty :5 x regi/]s its prote/ e "t law & ord] are subv]t$1 ev5 9 ! int]e/ ( ! s-call$ social ef=t4 ,yet 9 mom5ts ( indu/rial /ress & /ra9 ! community is confront$ by a moral p]plexity :i* may arise f ! m]e fact t ! good ( ye/]day is oppos$ to ! good ( today1 & t :i* may appe> z a *oice betwe5 virtue & vice is really b a *oice betwe5 virtue & virtue4 ,9 ! disord] & confusion sometimes incid5t to gr[? & progress1 ! community may be unable to see any?+ b ! unlovely /ruggle itself4 ,! writ] recalls a conv]sation betwe5 two work+m5 :o 7 leav+ a lecture on ,organic ,evolution4 ,! fir/ 0 mu* puzzl$1 & anxi\sly inquir$ ( ! second if evolution c\ld mean t "o animal turn$ into ano!r4 ,! *all5g$ workman /opp$ 9 ! re> ( ! hall1 put 8 foot ^u a *air1 & exp\nd$ :at he ?\ght evolution did mean2 & ?is1 s ne>ly z ! conv]sation c be recall$1 is :at he said3 ,y see a lot ( fi%es are liv+ 9 a /ream1 :i* ov]fl[s 9 ! spr+ & /r&s "s ( !m ^u ! bank4 ,! weak ones die up !re1 b o!rs make a big ef=t to get back into ! wat]4 ,!y dig _! f9s into ! s&1 brea! z mu* air z !y c ) _! gills1 & h a t]rible "t4 ,b aft] a :ile _! f9s turn into legs & _! gills into lungs1 & !y h become frogs4 ,( c\rse !y are fur!r along ?an ! sleek1 com=table fi%es :o sail up & d[n ! /ream wav+ _! tails & despis+ ! poor damag$ ?+s ?ra%+ ar\nd on ! bank4 ,he--! lectur]--did n say any?+ ab\t m51 b x is easy en\gh to ?9k ( u poor devils on ! dry bank1 /ruggl+ )\t en\gh to live on1 :ile ! com=table fell[s sail along 9 ! wat] ) all !y want & despise u because we ?ra% ab\t4 ,8 li/5] did n reply1 & 0 evid5tly dissatisfi$ bo? ) ! explanation & ! application4 ,d\btless ! illu/ration 0 bungl+ 9 m ?an its sett+ =?1 b ! /ory is sugge/ive4 ,at times ( social di/urbance ! law-abid+ citiz5 is naturally s anxi\s = peace & ord]1 8 sympa?ies are s ju/ly & inevitably on ! side mak+ = ! re/oration ( law1 t x is difficult = him to see ! situation fairly4 ,he becomes ins5sible to ! unselfi% impulse :i* may prompt a sympa!tic /rike 9 behalf ( ! work]s 9 a non-union %op1 because he all[s 8 m9d to dwell exclusively on ! disord] :i* has become associat$ ) ! /rike4 ,he is completely side-track$ by ! ugly phases ( a great moral movem5t4 ,x is always a temptation to assume t ! side :i* has respectability1 au?ority1 & sup]ior intellig5ce1 has !re=e righte\sness z well1 especially :5 ! same side pres5ts concrete results ( individual ef=t z ov] aga9/ ! less tangible results ( associat$ ef=t4 ,x is z yet mo/ difficult = u to free ourselves f ! individuali/ic po9t ( view suffici5tly to gr\p ev5ts 9 _! social relations & to judge fairly ^? :o are endeavor+ to produce a social result ?r\gh all ! difficulties ( associat$ action4 ,! philan?ropi/ /ill f9ds 8 pa? mu* easi] ?an d ^? :o are attempt+ a social morality4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! public1 anxi\s to praise :at x recognizes z an und\bt$ moral ef=t (t5 att5d$ ) real p]sonal sacrifice1 joyfully seizes ^u ?is manife/ation & ov]praises x1 recogniz+ ! philan?ropi/ z an old fri5d 9 ! pa?s ( righte\sness1 :]eas ! o!rs are /rang]s & possibly to be di/ru/$ z ali5s4 ,x is easy to confuse ! response to an abnormal numb] ( individual claims ) ! response to ! social claim4 ,an exagg]at$ p]sonal morality is (t5 mi/ak5 = a social morality1 & until x attempts to m9i/] to a social situation its total inadequacy is n discov]$4 ,to attempt to atta9 a social morality )\t a basis ( democratic exp]i5ce results 9 ! loss ( ! only possible corrective & guide1 & ends 9 an exagg]at$ individual morality b n 9 social morality at all4 ,we see ?is f "t to "t 9 ! c>e-worn & ov]work$ philan?ropi/1 :o has tax$ 8 individual w beyond ! normal limits & has lo/ 8 clew to ! situation among a bewild]+ numb] ( cases4 ,a man :o takes ! bett]m5t ( humanity = 8 aim & end mu/ also take ! daily exp]i5ces ( humanity = ! con/ant correction ( 8 process4 ,he mu/ n only te/ & guide 8 a*ievem5t by human exp]i5ce1 b he mu/ succe$ or fail 9 proportion z he has incorporat$ t exp]i5ce ) 8 own4 ,o!rwise 8 own a*ievem5ts become 8 /umbl+-block1 & he comes to believe 9 8 own goodness z some?+ outside ( himself4 ,he makes an exception ( himself1 & ?9ks t he is diff]5t f ! rank & file ( 8 fell[s4 ,he =gets t x is necess>y to "k ( ! lives ( our contempor>ies1 n only 9 ord] to believe 9 _! integrity1 :i* is aft] all b ! fir/ beg9n+s ( social morality1 b 9 ord] to atta9 to any m5tal or moral integrity = ourselves or any su* hope = society4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,educational ,,me?ods ,z democracy modifies our conception ( life1 x con/antly raises ! value & function ( ea* memb] ( ! community1 h[ev] humble he may be4 ,we h come to believe t ! mo/ bruti% man has a value 9 our common life1 a function to p]=m :i* c be fulfill$ by no "o else4 ,we are gradually requir+ ( ! educator t he %all free ! p[]s ( ea* man & connect him ) ! re/ ( life4 ,we ask ?is n m]ely because x is ! man's "r to be ?us connect$1 b because we h become conv9c$ t ! social ord] _c af=d to get along )\t 8 special contribution4 ,j z we h come to res5t all h9drances :i* keep u f untrammell$ comrade%ip ) our fell[s1 & z we ?r[ d[n unnatural divisions1 n 9 ! _s ( ! eighte5?-c5tury re=m]s1 b 9 ! _s ( ^? to :om social equality has become a necessity = fur!r social developm5t1 s we are impati5t to use ! dynamic p[] resid+ 9 ! mass ( m51 & dem& t ! educator free t p[]4 ,we believe t man's moral idealism is ! con/ructive =ce ( progress1 z x has always be52 b because e human be+ is a creative ag5t & a possible g5]ator ( f9e en?usiasm1 we are sceptical ( ! moral idealism ( ! few & dem& ! education ( ! _m1 t !re may be great] fre$om1 /r5g?1 & subtilty ( int]c\rse & h5ce an increase ( dynamic p[]4 ,we are n cont5t to include all m5 9 our hopes1 b h become consci\s t all m5 are hop+ & are "p ( ! same movem5t ( :i* we are a "p4 ,_m p impell$ by ^! ideas h become impati5t ) ! sl[ recognition on ! "p ( ! educators ( _! manife/ obligation to prep>e & n\ri% ! *ild & ! citiz5 = social relations4 ,! educators %\ld c]ta9ly cons]ve ! le>n+ & tra9+ necess>y = ! successful individual & family life1 b %\ld add to t a prep>ation = ! enl>g$ social ef=ts :i* our increas+ democracy requires4 ,! democratic ideal dem&s ( ! s*ool t x %all give ! *ild's own exp]i5ce a social value2 t x %all tea* him to direct 8 own activities & adju/ !m to ^? ( o!r p4 ,we are n will+ t ?\s&s ( indu/rial work]s %all put all ( _! activity & toil into s]vices f :i* ! community z a :ole reaps ! b5efit1 :ile _! m5tal conceptions & code ( morals are n>r[ & unt\*$ by any uplift :i* ! consci\sness ( social value might give !m4 ,we are impati5t ) ! s*ools :i* lay all /ress on read+ & writ+1 suspect+ !m to re/ ^u ! assumption t ! ord9>y exp]i5ce ( life is wor? little1 & t all k & int]e/ mu/ be br\ght to ! *ildr5 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( books4 ,su* an assumption fails to give ! *ild any clew to ! life ab\t him1 or any p[] to usefully or intellig5tly connect himself ) x4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by obs]vations made 9 a l>ge ,italian colony situat$ 9 ,*icago1 ! *ildr5 f :i* are1 = ! mo/ "p1 s5t to ! public s*ools4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,italian colony are l>gely f ,s\? ,italy1--,calabrian & ,sicilian peasants1 or ,neapolitans f ! work+m5's qu>t]s ( t city4 ,!y h come to ,am]ica ) ! di/9ct aim ( e>n+ money1 & f9d+ m room = ! en]gies ( !mselves & _! *ildr54 ,9 almo/ all cases !y mean to g back aga91 simply because _! imag9ations _c picture a cont9u\s life away f ! old surr\nd+s4 ,_! exp]i5ces 9 ,italy h be5 ^? ( simple outdoor activity1 & _! ideas h come directly to !m f _! /ruggle ) ,nature1--su* a h&-to-h& /ruggle z takes place :5 ea* man gets 8 liv+ l>gely ?r\gh 8 own cultivation ( ! soil1 or ) tools simply fa%ion$ by 8 own h&s4 ,! wom51 z 9 all primitive life1 h _h m div]sifi$ activities ?an ! m54 ,!y h cook$1 spun1 & knitt$1 9 addition to _! almo/ equal "w 9 ! fields4 ,v few ( ! peasant m5 or wom5 c ei!r read or write4 ,!y are devot$ to _! *ildr51 /rong 9 _! family feel+1 ev5 to remote relation%ips1 & clanni% 9 _! community life4 ,! entire family has be5 upheav$1 & is /riv+ to adju/ itself to its new surr\nd+s4 ,! m51 = ! mo/ "p1 "w on railroad ext5sions ?r\gh ! summ]1 "u ! direction ( a padrone1 :o f9ds ! "w = !m1 regulates ! am\nt ( _! wages1 & supplies !m ) food4 ,! fir/ effect ( immigration ^u ! wom5 is t ( idl5ess4 ,!y no long] "w 9 ! fields1 nor milk ! goats1 nor pick up faggots4 ,! "m ( ! family buys all ! clo?+1 n only already spun & wov5 b made up into g>m5ts1 ( a cut & fa%ion beyond h] p[]s4 ,x is1 inde$1 ! mo/ economical ?+ = h] to d4 ,h] h\se-clean+ & cook+ are ( ! simple/2 ! bread is usually bak$ outside ( ! h\se1 & ! mac>oni b\ght prep>$ = boil+4 ,all ( ^? outdoor & dome/ic activities1 :i* %e w\ld naturally h h&$ on to h] daught]s1 h slipp$ away f h]4 ,! dome/ic arts are gone1 ) _! absorb+ int]e/s = ! *ildr51 _! educational value1 & inc5tive to activity4 ,a h\sehold 9 a t5em5t receives almo/ no raw mat]ial4 ,= ! hundr$s ( *ildr5 :o h nev] se5 :eat gr[1 !re are doz5s :o h nev] se5 bread bak$4 ,! occasional wa%+s & scrubb+s are associat$ only ) discom=t4 ,! *ild ( su* a family receives con/ant /imulus ( mo/ excit+ sort f 8 city /reet life1 b he has little or no opportunity to use 8 en]gies 9 dome/ic manufacture1 or1 inde$1 con/ructively 9 any direction4 ,no activity is suppli$ to take ! place ( t :i*1 9 ,italy1 he w\ld naturally h f\nd 9 8 own surr\nd+s1 & no new union ) :olesome life is made = him4 ,italian p>5ts c\nt ^u ! fact t _! *ildr5 le>n ! ,engli% language & ,am]ican cu/oms be=e !y d !mselves1 & ! *ildr5 act n only z int]pret]s ( ! language1 b z buff]s betwe5 !m & ,*icago1 result+ 9 a c]ta9 almo/ pa!tic dep5d5ce ( ! family ^u ! *ild4 ,:5 a *ild ( ! family1 !re=e1 fir/ goes to s*ool1 ! ev5t is fraught ) mu* significance to all ! o!rs4 ,! family has no social life 9 any /ructural =m & c supply none to ! *ild4 ,he ought to get x 9 ! s*ool & give x to 8 family1 ! s*ool ?us becom+ ! connector ) ! organiz$ society ab\t !m4 ,x is ! *ildr5 ag$ six1 eight1 & t51 :o g to s*ool1 ent]+1 ( c\rse1 ! prim>y grades4 ,if a boy is twelve or ?irte5 on 8 arrival 9 ,am]ica1 8 p>5ts see 9 him a wage-e>n+ factor1 & ! girl ( ! same age is already look+ t[>d h] m>riage4 ,let u take "o ( ^! boys1 :o has le>n$ 9 8 six or eight ye>s to speak 8 native language1 & to feel himself /rongly id5tifi$ ) ! =tunes ( 8 family4 ,:atev] int]e/ has come to ! m9ds ( 8 ance/ors has come ?r\gh ! use ( _! h&s 9 ! op5 air2 & op5 air & activity ( body h be5 ! inevitable accompanim5ts ( all _! exp]i5ces4 ,yet ! fir/ ?+ t ! boy mu/ d :5 he rea*es s*ool is to sit /ill1 at lea/ "p ( ! "t1 & he mu/ le>n to li/5 to :at is said to him1 ) all ! p]plexity ( li/5+ to a =eign tongue4 ,he does n f9d ?is v /imulat+1 & is sl[ to respond to ! m subtle inc5tives ( ! s*oolroom4 ,! peasant *ild is p]fectly indiff]5t to %[+ (f & mak+ a good recitation4 ,he leaves all t to 8 s*oolfell[s1 :o are m sophi/icat$ & equipp$ ) bett] ,engli%4 ,8 p>5ts are n deeply int]e/$ 9 keep+ him 9 s*ool1 & w n hold him !re aga9/ 8 incl9ation4 ,_! exp]i5ce does n po9t to ! good ,am]ican tradition t x is ! educat$ man :o f9ally succe$s4 ,! ri*e/ man 9 ! ,italian colony c nei!r read nor write--ev5 ,italian4 ,8 cunn+ & acquisitiv5ess1 comb9$ ) ! cr$ulity & ignorance ( 8 c\ntrym51 h sl[ly br\ght ab\t 8 l>ge =tune4 ,! *ild himself may feel ! /irr+ ( a vague ambition to g on until he is z ! o!r *ildr5 are2 b he is n popul> ) 8 s*oolfell[s1 & he sadly feels ! lack ( dramatic int]e/4 ,ev5 ! pictures & objects pres5t$ to him1 z well z ! language1 are /range4 ,if we admit t 9 education x is necess>y to beg9 ) ! exp]i5ces :i* ! *ild already has & to use 8 spontane\s & social activity1 !n ! city /reets beg9 ?is education = him 9 a m natural way ?an does ! s*ool4 ,! ,s\? ,italian peasant comes f a life ( pick+ olives & oranges1 & he easily s5ds 8 *ildr5 out to pick up coal f railroad tracks1 or wood f build+s :i* h be5 burn$ d[n4 ,un=tunately1 ?is process leads by easy transition to petty ?iev+4 ,x is easy to g f ! coal on ! railroad track to ! coal & wood :i* /& be=e a deal]'s %op2 f ! potatoes :i* h roll$ f a rumbl+ wagon to ! vegetables display$ by ! groc]4 ,?is is apt to be ! record ( ! boy :o responds con/antly to ! /imulus & temptations ( ! /reet1 al?\gh 9 ! beg9n+ 8 se>* = bits ( food & fuel 0 prompt$ by ! be/ ( motives4 ,! s*ool has to compete ) a great deal f ! outside 9 addition to ! di/ractions ( ! neighborhood4 ,no?+ is m fasc9at+ ?an t my/]i\s d[n t[n1 :i!r ! boy longs to g to sell pap]s & black boots1 to att5d !atres1 &1 if possible1 to /ay all night on ! pret5ce ( wait+ = ! e>ly edition ( ! great dailies4 ,if a boy is once ?or\ghly caught 9 ^! excitem5ts1 no?+ c save him f ov]-/imulation & consequ5t debility & wor?lessness2 he arrives at maturity ) no habits ( regul> "w & ) a di/a/e = its dulness4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are hundr$s ( boys ( v>i\s nationalities :o consci5ti\sly rema9 9 s*ool & fulfil all ! requirem5ts ( ! e>ly grades1 & at ! age ( f\rte5 are f\nd 9 factories1 pa9/ak+ly p]=m+ _! "w ye> aft] ye>4 ,^! lat] are ! m5 :o =m ! mass ( ! population 9 e indu/rial neighborhood ( e l>ge city2 b !y c>ry on ! indu/rial processes ye> aft] ye> )\t 9 ! lea/ kn[+ :at x is all ab\t4 ,! "o fix$ habit :i* ! boy c>ries away ) him f ! s*ool to ! factory is ! feel+ t 8 "w is m]ely provisional4 ,9 s*ool ! next grade 0 cont9ually held be=e him z an object ( atta9m5t1 & x result$ 9 ! conviction t ! sole object ( pres5t ef=t is to get ready = some?+ else4 ,?is t5tative attitude takes ! la/ bit ( social /imulus out ( 8 factory "w2 he pursues x m]ely z a necessity1 & 8 v m5tal attitude de/roys 8 *ance = a realization ( its social value4 ,z ! boy 9 s*ool contract$ ! habit ( do+ 8 "w 9 c]ta9 h\rs & tak+ 8 pleasure 9 c]ta9 o!r h\rs1 s 9 ! factory he e>ns 8 money by t5 h\rs ( dull "w & sp5ds x 9 ?ree h\rs ( lurid & unpr(itable pleasure 9 ! ev5+4 ,bo? 9 ! s*ool & 9 ! factory1 9 proportion z 8 "w gr[s dull & monoton\s1 8 recreation mu/ become m excit+ & /imulat+4 ,! hopelessness ( add+ ev5+ classes & social ent]ta9m5ts z a m]e frill to a day fill$ ) monoton\s & dead5+ drudg]y con/antly becomes m app>5t to ^? :o are endeavor+ to br+ a full] life to ! indu/rial memb]s ( ! community1 & :o are look+ =w>d to a "t :5 "w %all cease to be s5seless drudg]y ) no self-expression on ! "p ( ! work]4 ,x sometimes seems t ! public s*ools %\ld contribute mu* m ?an !y d to ! consummation ( ?is "t4 ,if ! army ( s*ool *ildr5 :o ent] ! factories e ye> possess$ ?or\ghly vitaliz$ faculties1 !y might d mu* to light5 ?is incubus ( dull factory "w :i* presses s heavily ^u s l>ge a numb] ( our fell[-citiz5s4 ,has our comm]cialism be5 s /rong t our s*ools h become ins5sibly comm]cializ$1 :]eas we suppos$ t our indu/rial life 0 receiv+ ! broad5+ & illum9at+ effects ( ! s*ools8 ,! tra9+ ( ^! *ildr51 s f> z x has be5 vocational at all1 has be5 9 ! direction ( cl]ical "w4 ,x is possible t ! bus9ess m51 :om we 9 ,am]ica s trem5d\sly admire1 h really be5 dictat+ ! curriculum ( our public s*ools1 9 spite ( ! conv5tions ( educators & ! sugge/ions ( univ]sity pr(essors4 ,! bus9ess man1 ( c\rse1 has n said1 ,i w h ! public s*ools tra9 (fice boys & cl]ks s t ,i may h !m easily & *eaply1 b he has sometimes said1 ,tea* ! *ildr5 to write legibly & to figure accurately & quickly2 to acquire habits ( punctuality & ord]2 to be prompt to obey2 & y w fit !m to make _! way 9 ! _w z ,i h made m9e4 ,has ! work+man be5 sil5t z to :at he desires = 8 *ildr51 & all[$ ! bus9ess man to decide = him !re1 z he has all[$ ! politician to manage 8 municipal affairs1 or has ! work+man s f> %>$ our univ]sal optimism t he has really believ$ t 8 *ildr5 w\ld nev] ne$ to g into indu/rial life at all1 b t all ( 8 sons w\ld become bank]s & m]*ants8 ,c]ta9 x is t no suffici5t /udy has be5 made ( ! *ild :o ent]s into indu/rial life e>ly & /ays !re p]man5tly1 to give him "s (fset to its monotony & dulness1 "s hi/oric significance ( ! "p he is tak+ 9 ! life ( ! community4 ,x is at la/ on behalf ( ! av]age work+m5 t our increas+ democracy impels u to make a new dem& ^u ! educator4 ,z ! political expression ( democracy has claim$ = ! work+man ! free "r ( citiz5%ip1 s a code ( social e?ics is n[ insi/+ t he %all be a consci\s memb] ( society1 hav+ "s notion ( 8 social & indu/rial value4 ,! e>ly ideal ( a city t x 0 a m>ket-place 9 :i* to ex*ange produce1 & a m]e trad+-po/ = m]*ants1 app>5tly /ill survives 9 our m9ds & is con/antly reflect$ 9 our s*ools4 ,we h ei!r fail$ to realize t cities h become great c5tres ( production & manufacture 9 :i* a huge population is engag$1 or we h lack$ suffici5t pres5ce ( m9d to adju/ ourselves to ! *ange4 ,we admire mu* m ! m5 :o accumulate ri*es1 & :o ga!r to !mselves ! results ( indu/ry1 ?an ! m5 :o actually c>ry =w>d indu/rial processes2 &1 z has be5 po9t$ out1 our s*ools /ill prep>e *ildr5 almo/ exclusively = comm]cial & pr(essional life4 ,q z ! c\ntry boy dreams ( leav+ ! f>m = life 9 t[n & beg9s e>ly to imitate ! travell+ salesman 9 dress & mann]1 s ! s*ool boy )9 ! t[n hopes to be an (fice boy1 & lat] a cl]k or salesman1 & looks ^u "w 9 ! factory z ! occupation ( ignorant & unsuccessful m54 ,! s*ools d s little really to int]e/ ! *ild 9 ! life ( production1 or to excite 8 ambition 9 ! l9e ( indu/rial occupation1 t ! ideal ( life1 almo/ f ! v beg9n+1 becomes n an absorb+ int]e/ 9 "o's "w & a consci\sness ( its value & social relation1 b a desire = money ) :i* unmean+ pur*ases may be made & an unmean+ social /&+ obta9$4 ,! son ( a work+man :o is successful 9 comm]cial life1 impresses 8 family & neighbors q z does ! prom95t city man :5 he comes back to dazzle 8 native t[n4 ,! *ildr5 ( ! work+ p le>n _m useful ?+s 9 ! public s*ools1 b ! comm]cial ari?metic1 & _m o!r /udies1 are f\nd$ on ! tacit assumption t a boy rises 9 life by gett+ away f manual labor1--t e promis+ boy goes into bus9ess or a pr(ession4 ,! *ildr5 de/9$ = factory life are furni%$ ) :at w\ld be mo/ useful "u o!r conditions1 q z ! prosp]\s f>m]'s wife buys a fold+-b$ = h] huge f\r-corn]$ sp>e room1 because h] si/]1 :o has m>ri$ a city man1 is oblig$ to h a fold+-b$ 9 ! cramp$ limits ( h] flat ,p>tly because s little is done = him educationally1 & p>tly because he mu/ live n>r[ly & dress meanly1 ! life ( ! av]age labor] t5ds to become flat & monoton\s1 ) no?+ 9 8 "w to fe$ 8 m9d or hold 8 int]e/4 ,!oretically1 we w\ld all admit t ! man at ! bottom1 :o p]=ms ! meane/ & humble/ "w1 s long z ! "w is necess>y1 p]=ms a useful function2 b we d n live up to our !ories1 & 9 addition to 8 h>d & un9t]e/+ "w he is cov]$ ) a sort ( contempt1 & unless he falls into illness or tr\ble1 he receives little sympa?y or att5tion4 ,c]ta9ly no s]i\s ef=t is made to give him a p>ticipation 9 ! social & indu/rial life ) :i* he comes 9 contact1 nor any insight & inspiration reg>d+ x4 ,app>5tly we h n yet recov]$ manual labor f ! deep di/ru/ :i* c5turies ( slav]y & ! feudal sy/em h ca/ ^u x4 ,to get away f m5ial "w1 to d obvi\sly little ) "o's h&s1 is /ill ! desirable /atus4 ,?is may readily be se5 all along ! l9e4 ,a work+man's family w make e ef=t & sacrifice t ! brighte/ daught] be s5t to ! high s*ool & ?r\gh ! normal s*ool1 q z mu* because a tea*] 9 ! family raises ! g5]al social /&+ & s5se ( family consequ5ce1 z t ! returns are sup]ior to factory or ev5 (fice "w4 ,tea*] 9 ! vocabul>y ( _m *ildr5 is a synonym = wom5-folk g5try1 & ! "n is indiscrim9ately appli$ to wom5 ( c]ta9 dress & mann]4 ,! same desire = social advancem5t is express$ by ! pur*as+ ( a piano1 or ! fact t ! son is an (fice boy1 & n a factory h&4 ,! ov]cr[d+ ( ! pr(essions by poorly equipp$ m5 arises f mu* ! same s\rce1 & f ! conviction t an education is wa/$ if a boy goes into a factory or %op4 ,a ,*icago manufactur] tells a /ory ( tw9 boys1 :om he befri5d$ & meant to give a />t 9 life4 ,he s5t !m bo? to ! ,a!num = sev]al w9t]s z a prep>atory bus9ess tra9+1 & !n took !m into 8 (fice1 :]e !y spe$ily became kn[n z ! bright "o & ! /upid "o4 ,! /upid "o 0 f9ally dismiss$ aft] repeat$ trials1 :5 to ! surprise ( ! entire e/abli%m5t1 he quickly betook himself into ! %ops1 :]e he became a wide-awake & valuable workman4 ,8 *agr9$ b5efactor1 9 tell+ ! /ory1 admits t he himself _h fall5 a victim to 8 own bus9ess tra9+ & 8 e>ly notion ( ris+ 9 life4 ,9 reality he _h m]ely foll[$ ! lead ( mo/ b5evol5t p :o help poor boys4 ,!y te/ ! success ( _! ef=ts by ! numb] :om !y h tak5 out ( factory "w into "s o!r & high] occupation4 ,q 9 l9e ) ?is comm]cial ideal are ! night s*ools & in/itutions ( le>n+ mo/ accessible to work+ p4 ,fir/ among !m is ! bus9ess college :i* tea*es l>gely ! me*anism ( type-writ+ & book-keep+1 & lays all /ress ^u comm]ce & me?ods ( di/ribution4 ,commodities are treat$ z exports & imports1 or solely 9 reg>d to _! comm]cial value1 & n1 ( c\rse1 9 relation to _! hi/oric developm5t or ! manufactur+ processes to :i* !y h be5 subject$4 ,^! s*ools d n 9 ! lea/ m9i/] to ! ne$s ( ! actual factory employee1 :o is 9 ! %op & n 9 ! (fice4 ,we assume t all m5 are se>*+ = pudd+s & p[]1 to use ,c>lyle's phrase1 & furni% only ! s*ools :i* help !m to ^? ends4 ,! bus9ess college man1 or ev5 ! man :o goes ?r\gh an academic c\rse 9 ord] to prep>e = a pr(ession1 comes to look on le>n+ too mu* z an inve/m5t f :i* he w lat] reap ! b5efits 9 e>n+ money4 ,he does n connect le>n+ ) indu/rial pursuits1 nor does he 9 ! lea/ light5 or illum9ate ^? pursuits = ^? ( 8 fri5ds :o h n ris5 9 life4 ,x is z ?\gh nets 7 laid at ! entrance to education1 9 :i* ^? :o by "s means or o!r escape f ! masses b[$ d[n by labor1 are inevitably caught & held f sub/antial s]vice to _! fell[s4 ,! academic tea*+ :i* is accessible to work+m5 ?r\gh ,univ]sity ,ext5sion lectures & classes at settlem5ts1 is usually booki% & remote1 & conc]n+ subjects completely divorc$ f _! actual exp]i5ces4 ,! m5 come to ?9k ( le>n+ z some?+ to be add$ to ! end ( a h>d day's "w1 & to be ga9$ at ! co/ ( toilsome m5tal ex]tion4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 exceptions1 b _m m5 :o p]si/ 9 att5d+ classes & lectures ye> aft] ye> f9d !mselves possess$ ( a mass ( in]t k :i* no?+ 9 _! exp]i5ce fuses into availability or realization4 ,among ! _m disappo9tm5ts :i* ! settlem5t exp]im5t has br\ght to its promot]s1 p]haps none is ke5] ?an ! fact t !y h z yet fail$ to "w out me?ods ( education1 specializ$ & adapt$ to ! ne$s ( adult work+ p 9 contra-di/9ction to ^? employ$ 9 s*ools & colleges1 or ^? us$ 9 tea*+ *ildr54 ,!re are _m excell5t reasons & explanations = ?is failure4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! resid5ts !mselves are = ! mo/ "p imbu$ ) academic me?ods & ideals1 :i* x is mo/ difficult to modify4 ,to quote f a late settlem5t report1 ,! mo/ vaunt$ educational "w 9 settlem5ts am\nts (t5 to ! /imulation m5tally ( a select few :o are1 9 a s5se1 ( ! academic type ( m9d1 & :o easily & quickly respond to ! academic me?ods employ$4 ,^! classes may be valuable1 b !y leave q unt\*$ ! great mass ( ! factory population1 ! ord9>y work+man ( ! ord9>y work+man's /reet1 ^: attitude is be/ describ$ z t ( acquiesc5ce1 :o lives ?r\gh ! aimless passage ( ! ye>s )\t inc5tive to imag9e1 to design1 or to aspire4 ,^! m5 are totally unt\*$ by all ! educational & philan?ropic ma*9]y :i* is design$ = ! "y & ! helpless :o live on ! same /reets ) !m4 ,!y d n (t5 dr9k to excess1 !y regul>ly give all _! wages to _! wives1 !y h a vague pride 9 _! sup]ior *ildr52 b !y gr[ prematurely old & /iff 9 all _! muscles1 & become m & m taciturn1 _! entire en]gies consum$ 9 hold+ a job4 ,v>i\s attempts h be5 made to break ?r\gh ! inadequate educational facilities suppli$ by comm]cialism & s*ol>%ip1 bo? ( :i* h foll[$ _! own ideals & h fail$ to look at ! situation z x actually pres5ts itself4 ,! mo/ notewor?y attempt has be5 ! movem5t t[>d indu/rial education1 ! agitation = :i* has be5 ably second$ by manufactur]s ( a practical type1 :o h f "t to "t f\nd$ & end[$ te*nical s*ools1 design$ = work+m5's sons4 ,! e>ly s*ools ( ?is type inevitably reflect$ ! ideal ( ! self-made man4 ,!y succe$$ 9 transf]r+ a few skill$ work]s into ! upp] class ( tra9$ eng9e]s1 & a few less skill$ work]s into ! class ( tra9$ me*anics1 b did n aim to educate ! _m :o are doom$ to ! unskill$ "w :i* ! p]man5t specialization ( ! division ( labor dem&s4 ,! ,pet] ,coop]s & o!r good m5 hone/ly believ$ t if intellig5ce c\ld be add$ to indu/ry1 ea* work+man :o fai?fully att5d$ ^! s*ools c\ld walk into increas$ skill & wages1 & 9 "t ev5 become an employ] himself4 ,su* s*ools are useful beyond d\bt2 b s f> z educat+ work+m5 is conc]n$ or 9 any measure satisfy+ ! democratic ideal1 !y pla9ly beg ! "q4 ,almo/ e l>ge city has two or ?ree polyte*nic in/itutions f\nd$ by ri* m51 anxi\s to help poor boys4 ,^! h be5 captur$ by conv5tional educators = ! purpose ( fitt+ "y m5 = ! colleges & univ]sities4 ,!y h compromis$ by m]ely add+ to ! usual academic c\rse manual "w1 appli$ ma!matics1 me*anical draw+ & eng9e]+4 ,two s*ools 9 ,*icago1 pla9ly f\nd$ = ! sons ( work+m51 af=d an illu/ration ( ?is t5d5cy & result4 ,on ! o!r h&1 s f> z s*ools ( ?is type h be5 captur$ by comm]cialism1 !y turn out tra9$ eng9e]s1 pr(essional *emi/s1 & electricians4 ,!y are polyte*nics ( a high ord]1 b d n ev5 pret5d to admit ! work+man ) 8 meagre intellectual equipm5t4 ,!y graduate ma*9e build]s1 b n educat$ ma*9e t5d]s4 ,ev5 ! textile s*ools are l>gely seiz$ by "y m5 :o expect to be sup]9t5d5ts ( factories1 design]s1 or manufactur]s !mselves1 & ! textile work] :o actually holds ! ?read is seldom se5 9 !m2 inde$1 9 "o ( ! l>ge/ s*ools wom5 are n all[$1 9 spite ( ! fact t sp9n+ & weav+ h traditionally be5 woman's "w1 & t ?\s&s ( wom5 are at pres5t employ$ 9 ! textile mills4 ,x is mu* easi] to g ov] ! old pa?s ( education ) manual tra9+ ?r[n 91 z x 72 x is mu* simpl] to appeal to ! old ambitions ( gett+ on 9 life1 or ( prep>+ = a pr(ession1 or = a comm]cial c>e]1 ?an to "w out new me?ods on democratic l9es4 ,^! s*ools gradually drop back into ! conv5tional c\rses1 modifi$ 9 "s slight degree1 :ile ! adaptation to work+m5's ne$s is nev] made1 nor1 inde$1 vigor\sly attempt$4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! manufactur]s cont9ually prote/ t eng9e]s1 especially tra9$ = devis+ ma*9es1 are n satisfactory4 ,?ree g5]ations ( work]s h inv5t$1 b we are told t inv5tion no long] goes on 9 ! work%op1 ev5 :5 x is artificially /imulat$ by ! (f] ( prizes1 & t ! inv5tions ( ! la/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury h by no means fulfill$ ! promise ( ! e>li] ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,e =eman 9 a l>ge factory has _h exp]i5ce ) two classes ( m53 fir/ ) ^? :o become rigid & tol]ate no *ange 9 _! "w1 p>tly because !y make m money work+ by ! piece1 :5 !y /ick to t "w :i* !y h le>n$ to d rapidly1 & p>tly because ! entire muscul> & n]v\s sy/em has become by daily use adapt$ to p>ticul> motions & res5ts *ange4 ,secondly1 !re are ! m5 :o float 9 & out ( ! factory1 9 a con/antly *ang+ /ream4 ,!y quit "w = ! slighte/ reason or none at all1 & nev] become skill$ at any?+4 ,"s ( !m are m5 ( l[ intellig5ce1 b _m ( !m are m]ely too n]v\s & re/less1 too impati5t1 too easily driv5 to dr9k1 to be ( any use 9 a mod]n factory4 ,!y are ! m5 = :om ! dem&$ adaptation is impossible4 ,! individual f :om ! indu/rial ord] dem&s ev] l>g] drafts ( "t & en]gy1 %\ld be n\ri%$ & enri*$ f social s\rces1 9 proportion z he is dra9$4 ,he1 m ?an o!r m51 ne$s ! conception ( hi/oric cont9uity 9 ord] to reveal to him ! purpose & utility ( 8 "w1 & he c only be /imulat$ & dignifi$ z he obta9s a conception ( 8 prop] relation to society4 ,s*ol>%ip is evid5tly unable to d ?is = him2 =1 un=tunately1 ! same t5d5cy to division ( labor has also produc$ ov]-specialization 9 s*ol>%ip1 ) ! sad result t :5 ! s*ol> attempts to m9i/] to a work]1 he gives him ! result ( m specialization r ?an an (fset f x4 ,he _c br+ heal+ & solace because he himself is suff]+ f ! same disease4 ,!re is inde$ a deplorable lack ( p]ception & adaptation on ! "p ( educators all along ! l9e4 ,x w c]ta9ly be emb>rass+ to h our age writt5 d[n triumphant 9 ! matt] ( inv5tions1 9 t our factories 7 fill$ ) intricate ma*9es1 ! result ( advanc+ ma!matical & me*anical k 9 relation to manufactur+ processes1 b defeat$ 9 t x lo/ its head ov] ! a*ievem5t & =got ! m54 ,! accusation w\ld /&1 t ! age fail$ to p]=m a l s]vice 9 ! ext5sion ( hi/ory & art to ! factory employees :o ran ! ma*9es2 t ! ma*9e t5d]s1 heavy & almo/ dehumaniz$ by monoton\s toil1 walk$ ab\t 9 ! same /reets ) u1 & sat 9 ! same c>s2 b t we 7 absolutely indiff]5t & made no g5u9e ef=t to supply to !m ! arti/'s p]ception or /ud5t's insight1 :i* alone c\ld fuse !m into social consci\sness4 ,x w\ld fur!r /& t ! s*ol>s among u cont9u$ ) yet m rese>*1 t ! educators 7 conc]n$ only ) ! "y & ! promis+1 & ! philan?ropi/s ) ! crim9als & helpless4 ,!re is a pitiful failure to recognize ! situation 9 :i* ! majority ( work+ p are plac$1 a t5d5cy to ignore _! real exp]i5ces & ne$s1 &1 mo/ /upid ( all1 we leave q unt\*$ affections & memories :i* w\ld af=d a trem5d\s dynamic if !y 7 utiliz$4 ,we con/antly he> x said 9 educational circles1 t a *ild le>ns only by do+1 & t education mu/ proce$ ?r\gh ! eyes & h&s to ! bra92 & yet = ! va/ numb] ( p all ar\nd u :o d n ne$ to h activities artificially provid$1 & :o use _! h&s & eyes all ! "t1 we d n seem able to rev]se ! process4 ,we quote ! dictum1 ,:at is le>n$ 9 ! s*oolroom mu/ be appli$ 9 ! work%op1 & yet ! skill & h&icraft con/antly us$ 9 ! work%op h no relevance or mean+ giv5 to !m by ! s*ool2 & :5 we d try to help ! work+man 9 an educational way1 we completely ignore 8 ev]yday occupation4 ,yet ! task is m]ely "o ( adaptation4 ,x is to take actual conditions & to make !m ! basis = a l>ge & g5]\s me?od ( education1 to p]=m a difficult idealization d\btless1 b n an impossible "o4 ,we app>5tly believe t ! work+man has no *ance to realize life ?r\gh 8 vocation4 ,we easily recognize ! hi/oric association 9 reg>d to anci5t build+s4 ,we say t g5]ation aft] g5]ation h /amp$ _! m>k ^u !m1 h record$ _! ?\ghts 9 !m1 until !y h become ! prop]ty ( all4 ,& yet ?is is ev5 m true ( ! in/rum5ts ( labor1 :i* h con/antly be5 held 9 human h&s4 ,a ma*9e really repres5ts ! season$ life ( man pres]v$ & treasur$ up )9 itself1 q z mu* z an anci5t build+ does4 ,at pres5t1 workm5 are br\ght 9 contact ) ! ma*9]y ) :i* !y "w z abruptly z if ! pres5t set ( indu/rial implem5ts _h be5 newly creat$4 ,!y h&le ! ma*9]y day by day1 )\t any notion ( its gradual evolution & gr[?4 ,few ( ! m5 :o p]=m ! me*anical "w 9 ! great factories h any compreh5sion ( ! fact t ! inv5tions ^u :i* ! factory dep5ds1 ! in/rum5ts :i* !y use1 h be5 sl[ly work$ out1 ea* g5]ation us+ ! gifts ( ! la/ & transmitt+ ! inh]itance until x has become a social possession4 ,?is c only be und]/ood by a man :o has obta9$ "s idea ( social progress4 ,we are /ill *ildi%ly pleas$ :5 we see ! fur!r subdivision ( labor go+ on1 because ! quantity ( ! output is increas$ !reby1 & we app>5tly are unable to take our att5tion away f ! product long en\gh to really focus x ^u ! produc]4 ,!oretically1 ! division ( labor makes m5 m int]dep5d5t & human by draw+ !m toge!r into a unity ( purpose4 ,if a numb] ( p decide to build a road1 & "o digs1 & "o br+s /ones1 & ano!r breaks !m1 !y are q inevitably unit$ by _! int]e/ 9 ! road4 ,b ?is naturally presupposes t !y "k :]e ! road is go+ to1 t !y h "s curiosity & int]e/ ab\t x1 & p]haps a *ance to travel ^u x4 ,if ! division ( labor robs !m ( int]e/ 9 any "p ( x1 ! m]e me*anical fact ( int]dep5d5ce am\nts to no?+4 ,! man 9 ! factory1 z well z ! man ) ! hoe1 has a grievance beyond be+ ov]work$ & dis9h]it$1 9 t he does n "k :at x is all ab\t4 ,we may well regret ! pass+ ( ! "t :5 ! v>iety ( "w p]=m$ 9 ! unspecializ$ work%op naturally /imulat$ ! intellig5ce ( ! work+m5 & br\ght !m into contact bo? ) ! raw mat]ial & ! f9i%$ product4 ,b ! problem ( education1 z any advanc$ educator w tell u1 is to supply ! ess5tials ( exp]i5ce by a %ort cut1 z x 74 ,if ! %op con/antly t5ds to make ! workman a speciali/1 !n ! problem ( ! educator 9 reg>d to him is q cle>3 x is to give him :at may be an (fset f ! ov]-specialization ( 8 daily "w1 to supply him ) g5]al in=mation & to insi/ t he %all be a cultivat$ memb] ( society ) a consci\sness ( 8 indu/rial & social value4 ,z sad a sight z an old h&-loom work] 9 a factory attempt+ to make 8 clumsy ma*9e compete ) ! fly+ %uttles ab\t him1 is a work+man equipp$ ) k s meagre t he c get no mean+ into 8 life nor sequ5ce betwe5 8 acts & ! f>-(f results4 ,manufactur]s1 z a :ole1 h[ev]1 :5 !y attempt educational in/itutions 9 connection ) _! factories1 are prone to foll[ conv5tional l9es1 & to exhibit ! weakness ( imitation4 ,we f9d1 inde$1 t ! middle-class educator con/antly makes ! mi/akes ( ! middle-class morali/ :5 he attempts to aid work+ p4 ,! latt] has con/antly & traditionally urg$ ^u ! work+man ! specializ$ virtues ( ?rift1 indu/ry1 & sobriety--all virtues p]ta9+ to ! individual4 ,:5 ea* man _h 8 own %op1 x 0 p]haps wise to lay almo/ exclusive /ress ^u ! indu/rial virtues ( dilig5ce & ?rift2 b z indu/ry has become m highly organiz$1 life becomes incr$ibly complex & int]dep5d5t4 ,if a work+man is to h a conception ( 8 value at all1 he mu/ see indu/ry 9 its unity & entirety2 he mu/ h a conception t w include n only himself & 8 imm$iate family & community1 b ! indu/rial organization z a :ole4 ,x is d\btless true t dext]ity ( h& becomes less & less imp]ative z ! inv5tion ( ma*9]y & subdivision ( labor proce$s2 b x becomes all ! m necess>y1 if ! workman is to save 8 life at all1 t he %\ld get a s5se ( 8 individual relation to ! sy/em4 ,fe$+ a ma*9e ) a mat]ial ( :i* he has no k1 produc+ a product1 totally unrelat$ to ! re/ ( 8 life1 )\t 9 ! lea/ kn[+ :at becomes ( x1 or its connection ) ! community1 is1 ( c\rse1 unque/ionably dead5+ to 8 intellectual & moral life4 ,to make ! moral connection x w\ld be necess>y to give him a social consci\sness ( ! value ( 8 "w1 & at lea/ a s5se ( p>ticipation & a c]ta9 joy 9 its ultimate use2 to make ! intellectual connection x w\ld be ess5tial to create 9 him "s hi/oric conception ( ! developm5t ( indu/ry & ! relation ( 8 individual "w to x4 ,work+m5 !mselves h made attempts 9 bo? directions1 :i* x w\ld be well = morali/s & educators to /udy4 ,x is a /rik+ fact t :5 work+m5 =mulate _! own moral code1 & try to inspire & enc\rage ea* o!r1 x is always a l>ge & g5]al doctr9e :i* !y prea*4 ,!y 7 ! fir/ class ( m5 to organize an int]national association1 & ! con/ant talk at a mod]n labor meet+ is ( solid>ity & ( ! id5tity ( ! int]e/s ( work+m5 ! _w ov]4 ,x is difficult to secure a successful organization ( m5 into ! simple/ trades organization )\t an appeal to ! mo/ ab/ract pr9ciples ( ju/ice & bro!rhood4 ,z !y h =mulat$ _! own morals by lay+ ! greate/ /ress ^u ! l>ge/ morality1 s if !y c\ld f\nd _! own s*ools1 x is d\btful :e!r !y w\ld be ( ! me*anic in/itute type4 ,c\rses ( /udy arrang$ by a gr\p ( work+m5 are mo/ nave 9 _! bread? & g5]ality4 ,!y w select ! hi/ory ( ! _w 9 pref]5ce to t ( any p]iod or nation4 ,! wond]s ( sci5ce or ! /ory ( evolution w attract work+m5 to a lecture :5 zology or *emi/ry w drive !m away4 ,! outl9es ( lit]ature or ! be/ 9 lit]ature w draw an audi5ce :5 a lectur] 9 ,engli% poetry w be solit>y4 ,?is results p>tly f a :olesome desire to h g5]al k be=e special k1 & is p>tly a reb\nd f ! specialization ( labor to :i* ! work+man is subject$4 ,:5 he is free f "w & c direct 8 own m9d1 he t5ds to roam1 to dwell ^u l>ge !mes4 ,mu* ! same t5d5cy is f\nd 9 programmes ( /udy arrang$ by ,woman's ,clubs 9 c\ntry places4 ,! untra9$ m9d1 we>i$ ) mean+less detail1 :5 x gets an opportunity to make its dem& he>d1 asks = g5]al philosophy & backgr\nd4 ,9 a c]ta9 s5se comm]cialism itself1 at lea/ 9 its l>g] aspect1 t5ds to educate ! work+man bett] ?an organiz$ education does4 ,its int]e/s are c]ta9ly _w-wide & democratic1 :ile x is absolutely undiscrim9at+ z to c\ntry & cre$1 com+ into contact ) all climes & races4 ,if ?is aspect ( comm]cialism 7 utiliz$1 x w\ld 9 a measure c\nt]balance ! t5d5cy :i* results f ! subdivision ( labor4 ,! mo/ notewor?y attempt to utilize ?is democracy ( comm]ce 9 relation to manufactur+ is f\nd at ,dayton1 ,ohio1 9 ! ye>ly ga!r+s held 9 a l>ge factory !re4 ,once a ye> ! entire =ce is ga!r$ toge!r to he> ! returns ( ! bus9ess1 n s mu* 9 respect to ! pr(its1 z 9 reg>d to its ext5sion4 ,at ^! meet+s1 ! travell+ salesm5 f v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w--f ,con/ant9ople1 f ,b]l91 f ,rome1 f ,hong ,kong--report ^u ! sales !y h made1 & ! me?ods ( adv]tisem5t & promotion adapt$ to ! v>i\s c\ntries4 ,/]eopticon lectures are giv5 ^u ea* new c\ntry z soon z x has be5 successfully invad$ by ! product ( ! factory4 ,! =em5 9 ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( ! factory give acc\nts ( ! increas$ effici5cy & ! l>g] output ov] =m] ye>s4 ,any man :o has made an inv5tion 9 connection ) ! ma*9]y ( ! factory1 at ?is "t publicly receives a prize1 & sugge/ions are approv$ t t5d to increase ! com=t & social facilities ( ! employees4 ,at lea/ = ! mom5t !re is a complete esprit de corps1 & ! y\nge/ & lea/ skill$ employee sees himself 9 connection ) ! int]e/s ( ! firm1 & ! spread ( an inv5tion4 ,x is a crude example ( :at might be done 9 ! way ( giv+ a l>ge framework ( mean+ to factory labor1 & ( putt+ x into a s5ti5t backgr\nd1 at lea/ on ! comm]cial side4 ,x is easy to indict ! educator1 to say t he has gott5 entangl$ 9 8 own mat]ial1 & has fall5 a victim to 8 own me?ods2 b grant+ ?is1 :at has ! arti/ done ab\t x--he :o is suppos$ to h a m intimate insight into ! ne$s ( 8 contempor>ies1 & to m9i/] to !m z none o!r c8 ,x is q true t a few writ]s are insi/+ t ! gr[+ desire = labor1 on ! "p ( _m p ( leisure1 has its c\nt]p>t 9 ! increas+ desire = g5]al k on ! "p ( _m labor]s4 ,!y po9t to ! fact t ! same duality ( consci5ce :i* seems to /ifle ! noble/ ef=t 9 ! individual because 8 intellectual conception & 8 a*ievem5t are s difficult to br+ toge!r1 is f\nd on a l>ge scale 9 society itself1 :5 we h ! sep>ation ( ! p :o ?9k f ^? :o "w4 ,& yet1 s9ce ,rusk9 ceas$1 no "o has really =mulat$ ?is 9 a conv9c+ =m4 ,& ev5 ,rusk9's fam\s dictum1 t labor )\t art brutalizes1 has always be5 int]pret$ z if art c\ld only be a s5se ( beauty or joy 9 "o's own "w1 & n a s5se ( companion%ip ) all o!r work]s4 ,! situation dem&s ! consci\sness ( p>ticipation & well-be+ :i* comes to ! individual :5 he is able to see himself 9 connection & coop]ation ) ! :ole2 x ne$s ! solace ( collective art inh]5t 9 collective labor4 ,z ! poet ba!s ! out] _w = u 9 ! hues ( human feel+1 s ! workman ne$s "s "o to ba! 8 surr\nd+s ) a human significance--"s "o :o %all tea* him to f9d t :i* w give a pot5cy to 8 life4 ,8 education1 h[ev] simple1 %\ld t5d to make him widely at home 9 ! _w1 & to give him a s5se ( simplicity & peace 9 ! mid/ ( ! triviality & noise to :i* he is con/antly subject$4 ,he1 l o!r m51 c le>n to be cont5t to see b a "p1 al?\gh x mu/ be a "p ( some?+4 ,x is because ( a lack ( democracy t we d n really incorporate him 9 ! hopes & advantages ( society1 & give him ! place :i* is 8 by simple "r4 ,we h le>n$ to say t ! good mu/ be ext5d$ to all ( society be=e x c be held secure by any "o p]son or any "o class2 b we h n yet le>n$ to add to t /atem5t1 t unless all m5 & all classes contribute to a good1 we _c ev5 be sure t x is wor? hav+4 ,9 spite ( _m attempts we d n really act ^u ei!r /atem5t4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,political ,,re=m ,?r\gh\t ?is volume we h assum$ t mu* ( our e?ical maladju/m5t 9 social affairs arises f ! fact t we are act+ ^u a code ( e?ics adapt$ to individual relation%ips1 b n to ! l>g] social relation%ips to :i* x is bungl+ly appli$4 ,9 addition1 h[ev]1 to ! consequ5t /ra9 & difficulty1 !re is (t5 an hone/ lack ( p]ception z to :at ! situation dem&s4 ,n[h]e is ?is m obvi\s ?an 9 our political life z x manife/s itself 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s ( e great city4 ,x is mo/ difficult to hold to our political democracy & to make x 9 any s5se a social expression & n a m]e gov]nm5tal contrivance1 unless we take pa9s to keep on common gr\nd 9 our human exp]i5ces4 ,o!rwise !re is 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! community an inevitable diff]5ce ( e?ical /&>ds :i* becomes responsible = mu* misund]/&+4 ,x is difficult bo? to int]pret sympa!tically ! motives & ideals ( ^? :o h acquir$ rules ( conduct 9 exp]i5ce widely diff]5t f our own1 & also to take en\gh c>e 9 gu>d+ ! ga9s already made1 & 9 valu+ highly en\gh ! imp]fect good s pa9fully acquir$ &1 at ! be/1 s mix$ ) evil4 ,?is wide diff]5ce 9 daily exp]i5ce exhibits itself 9 two di/9ct attitudes t[>d politics4 ,! well-to-d m5 ( ! community ?9k ( politics z some?+ (f by itself2 !y may consci5ti\sly recognize political duty z "p ( good citiz5%ip1 b political ef=t is n ! expression ( _! moral or social life4 ,z a result ( ?is deta*m5t1 re=m movem5ts1 />t$ by bus9ess m5 & ! bett] elem5t1 are almo/ :olly occupi$ 9 ! correction ( political ma*9]y & ) a conc]n = ! bett] me?od ( adm9i/ration1 r ?an ) ! ultimate purpose ( secur+ ! welf>e ( ! p4 ,!y fix _! att5tion s exclusively on me?ods t !y fail to consid] ! f9al aims ( city gov]nm5t4 ,?is acc\nts = ! gr[+ t5d5cy to put m & m responsibility ^u executive (fic]s & appo9t$ commissions at ! exp5se ( curtail+ ! p[] ( ! direct repres5tatives ( ! vot]s4 ,re=m movem5ts t5d to become negative & to lose _! educational value = ! mass ( ! p4 ,! re=m]s take ! rle ( ! opposition4 ,!y give !mselves l>gely to criticisms ( ! pres5t /ate ( affairs1 to writ+ & talk+ ( :at ! future mu/ be & ( c]ta9 results :i* %\ld be obta9$4 ,9 try+ to bett] matt]s1 h[ev]1 !y h 9 m9d only political a*ievem5ts :i* !y deta* 9 a curi\s way f ! re/ ( life1 & !y speak & write ( ! purification ( politics z ( a ?+ set ap>t f daily life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! real lead]s ( ! p are "p ( ! entire life ( ! community :i* !y control1 & s f> z !y are repres5tative at all1 are giv+ a social expression to democracy4 ,!y are (t5 politically corrupt1 b 9 spite ( ?is !y are proce$+ ^u a s\nd] !ory4 ,al?\gh !y w\ld be totally unable to give x ab/ract expression1 !y are really act+ ^u a =mulation made by a %rewd ,engli% obs]v]2 namely1 t1 aft] ! enfran*isem5t ( ! masses1 social ideals ent] into political programmes1 & !y ent] n z some?+ :i* at be/ c be indirectly promot$ by gov]nm5t1 b z some?+ :i* x is ! *ief bus9ess ( gov]nm5t to advance directly4 ,m5 liv+ ne> to ! masses ( vot]s1 & kn[+ !m intimately1 recognize ?is & act ^u x2 !y m9i/] directly to life & to social ne$s4 ,!y realize t ! p z a :ole are clamor+ = social results1 & !y hold _! p[] because !y respond to t dem&4 ,!y are corrupt & (t5 d _! "w badly2 b !y at lea/ avoid ! mi/ake ( a c]ta9 type ( bus9ess m5 :o are fright5$ by democracy1 & h lo/ _! fai? 9 ! p4 ,! two /&>ds are simil> to ^? se5 at a popul> exhibition ( pictures :]e ! cultivat$ p c>e mo/ = ! te*nique ( a giv5 pa9t+1 ! mov+ mass = a subject t %all be dome/ic & human4 ,?is diff]5ce may be illu/rat$ by ! writ]'s exp]i5ce 9 a c]ta9 w>d ( ,*icago1 dur+ ?ree campaigns1 :5 ef=ts 7 made to dislodge an ald]man :o _h repres5t$ ! w>d = _m ye>s4 ,9 ?is w>d !re are ga!r$ toge!r fifty ?\s& p1 repres5t+ a score ( nationalities2 ! newly emigrat$ ,lat91 ,teuton1 ,celt1 ,greek1 & ,slav :o live !re h little 9 common save ! basic exp]i5ces :i* come to m5 9 all c\ntries & "u all conditions4 ,9 ord] to make fifty ?\s& p1 s het]og5e\s 9 nationality1 religion1 & cu/oms1 agree ^u any dem&1 x mu/ be f\nd$ ^u univ]sal exp]i5ces :i* are p]=ce individual & n social4 ,an in/9ctive recognition ( ?is on ! "p ( ! ald]man makes x possible to und]/& ! individuali/ic basis ( 8 political success1 b x rema9s extremely difficult to asc]ta9 ! reasons = ! extreme l5i5cy ( judgm5t conc]n+ ! political corruption ( :i* he is con/antly guilty4 ,?is l5i5cy is only to be expla9$ on ! gr\nd t 8 con/itu5ts greatly admire individual virtues1 & t !y are at ! same "t unable to p]ceive social outrages :i* ! ald]man may be committ+4 ,!y ?us free ! ald]man f blame because 8 corruption is social1 & !y hone/ly admire him z a great man & h]o1 because 8 individual acts are on ! :ole k9dly & g5]\s4 ,9 c]ta9 /ages ( moral evolution1 a man is incapable ( action unless ! results w b5efit himself or "s "o ( 8 acqua9tances1 & x is a long /ep 9 moral progress to set ! good ( ! _m be=e ! int]e/ ( ! few1 & to be conc]n$ = ! welf>e ( a community )\t hope ( an individual return4 ,h[ f> ! selfi% politician befools 8 con/itu5ts into believ+ t _! int]e/s are id5tical ) 8 own2 h[ f> he presumes ^u _! inability to di/+ui% betwe5 ! individual & social virtues1 an inability :i* he himself %>es ) !m2 & h[ f> he dazzles !m by ! s5se ( 8 greatness1 & a conviction t !y p>ticipate !re91 x is difficult to det]m9e4 ,morality c]ta9ly develops f> e>li] 9 ! =m ( moral fact ?an 9 ! =m ( moral ideas1 & x is obvi\s t ideas only op]ate ^u ! popul> m9d ?r\gh w & "*1 & mu/ be dramatiz$ be=e !y rea* ! mass ( m51 ev5 z ! biography ( ! sa9ts h be5 aft] all ! ma9 guide to ! /umbl+ feet ( ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ians to :om ! ,cr$o has be5 b my/]i\s words4 ,e?ics z well z political op9ions may be discuss$ & dissem9at$ among ! sophi/icat$ by lectures & pr9t$ pages1 b to ! common p !y c only come ?r\gh example--?r\gh a p]sonality :i* seizes ! popul> imag9ation4 ,! advantage ( an unsophi/icat$ neighborhood is1 t ! inhabitants d n keep _! ideas z treasures--!y are unt\*$ by ! notion ( accumulat+ !m1 z !y might k or money1 & !y frankly act ^u ^? !y h4 ,! p]sonal example promptly r\ses to emulation4 ,9 a neighborhood :]e political /&>ds are pla/ic & undevelop$1 & :]e !re has be5 little previ\s exp]i5ce 9 self-gov]nm5t1 ! (fice-hold] himself sets ! /&>d1 & ! ideas t clu/] ar\nd him ex]cise a specific & p]man5t influ5ce ^u ! political morality ( 8 con/itu5ts4 ,no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an t ! quality :i* a het]og5e\s population1 liv+ 9 "o ( ! less sophi/icat$ w>ds1 mo/ admires is ! quality ( simple goodness2 t ! man :o attracts !m is ! "o :om !y believe to be a good man4 ,we all "k t *ildr5 long to be good ) an int5sity :i* !y give to no o!r ambition4 ,we c all rememb] t ! e>lie/ /riv+s ( our *ildhood 7 9 ?is direction1 & t we v5]at$ gr[n p because !y _h atta9$ p]fection4 ,primitive p1 su* z ! ,s\? ,italian peasants1 are /ill 9 ?is /age4 ,!y want to be good1 & deep d[n 9 _! he>ts !y admire no?+ s mu* z ! good man4 ,ab/ract virtues are too difficult = _! untra9$ m9ds to appreh5d1 & _m ( !m are /ill simple en\gh to believe t p[] & weal? come only to good p4 ,! successful c&idate1 !n1 mu/ be a good man accord+ to ! morality ( 8 con/itu5ts4 ,he mu/ n attempt to hold up too high a /&>d1 nor mu/ he attempt to re=m or *ange _! /&>ds4 ,8 safety lies 9 do+ on a l>ge scale ! good de$s :i* 8 con/itu5ts are able to d only on a small scale4 ,if he believes :at !y believe & does :at !y are all *]i%+ a secret ambition to d1 he w dazzle !m by 8 success & w9 _! confid5ce4 ,!re is a c]ta9 wisdom 9 ?is c\rse4 ,!re is a common s5se 9 ! mass ( m5 :i* _c be neglect$ ) impunity1 j z !re is sure to be an ecc5tricity 9 ! diff]+ & re=m+ individual :i* x is p]haps well to *all5ge4 ,! con/ant k9dness ( ! poor to ea* o!r 0 po9t$ out 9 a previ\s *apt]1 & t !y unfail+ly respond to ! ne$ & di/resses ( _! poor] neighbors ev5 :5 9 dang] ( bankruptcy !mselves4 ,! k9dness :i* a poor man %[s 8 di/ress$ neighbor is d\btless height5$ by ! consci\sness t he himself may be 9 di/ress next week2 he !re=e /&s by 8 fri5d :5 he gets too drunk to take c>e ( himself1 :5 he loses 8 wife or *ild1 :5 he is evict$ = non-paym5t ( r5t1 :5 he is arre/$ = a petty crime4 ,x seems to su* a man entirely fitt+ t 8 ald]man %\ld d ! same ?+ on a l>g] scale--t he %\ld help a con/itu5t out ( tr\ble1 m]ely because he is 9 tr\ble1 irrespective ( ! ju/ice involv$4 ,! ald]man !re=e bails out 8 con/itu5ts :5 !y are arre/$1 or says a good ^w to ! police ju/ice :5 !y appe> be=e him = trial1 uses 8 pull ) ! magi/rate :5 !y are likely to be f9$ = a civil misdemeanor1 or sees :at he c d to fix up matt]s ) ! /ate's attorney :5 ! *>ge is really a s]i\s "o1 & 9 do+ ?is he foll[s ! e?ics held & practis$ by 8 con/itu5ts4 ,all ?is conveys ! impression to ! simple-m9d$ t law is n en=c$1 if ! lawbreak] h a p[]ful fri5d4 ,"o may in/ance ! ald]man's action 9 /&+ by an ,italian padrone ( ! w>d :5 he 0 indict$ = violat+ ! civil s]vice regulations4 ,! commission]s _h s5t out notices to c]ta9 ,italian day-labor]s :o 7 ^u ! eligible li/ t !y 7 to report = "w at a giv5 day & h\r4 ,"o ( ! padrones int]cept$ ^! notifications & sold !m to ! m5 = five doll>s apiece1 mak+ also ! usual b>ga9 = a %>e ( _! wages4 ,! padrone's entire arrangem5t foll[$ ! cu/om :i* _h prevail$ = ye>s be=e ! e/abli%m5t ( civil s]vice laws4 ,t5 ( ! labor]s swore out w>rants aga9/ ! padrone1 :o 0 convict$ & f9$ sev5ty-five doll>s4 ,?is sum 0 promptly paid by ! ald]man1 & ! padrone1 assur$ t he w\ld be protect$ f any fur!r tr\ble1 return$ un9jur$ to ! colony4 ,! simple ,italians 7 mu* bewild]$ by ?is %[ ( a p[] /rong] ?an t ( ! civil s]vice1 :i* !y _h tru/$ z !y did ! "o 9 ,italy4 ,! fir/ violation ( its au?ority 0 made1 & v>i\s s9i/] acts h foll[$1 until no ,italian :o is digg+ a sew] or sweep+ a /reet = ! city feels q secure 9 hold+ 8 job unless he is back$ by ! fri5d%ip ( ! ald]man4 ,accord+ to ! civil s]vice law1 a labor] has no "r to a trial2 _m are dis*>g$ by ! =eman1 & f9d t !y c be re9/at$ only ^u ! ald]manic recomm5dation4 ,he ?us practically holds 8 old p[] ov] ! labor]s work+ = ! city4 ,! popul> m9d is conv9c$ t an hone/ adm9i/ration ( civil s]vice is impossible1 & t x is b "o m in/rum5t 9 ! h&s ( ! p[]ful4 ,x w be difficult to e/abli% g5u9e civil s]vice among ^! m51 :o le>n only by exp]i5ce1 s9ce _! exp]i5ces h be5 ( su* a nature t _! unanim\s vote w\ld c]ta9ly be t civil s]vice is no good4 ,z _m ( 8 con/itu5ts 9 ?is case are impress$ ) ! fact t ! ald]manic p[] is sup]ior to t ( gov]nm5t1 s in/ances ( actual lawbreak+ might easily be cit$4 ,a "y man may ent] a saloon long aft] midnight1 ! legal clos+ h\r1 & seat himself at a gambl+ table1 p]fectly secure f int]ruption or arre/1 because ! place belongs to an ald]man2 b 9 ord] to secure ?is immunity ! policeman on ! beat mu/ pret5d n to see into ! w9d[s ea* "t t he passes1 & he kn[s1 & ! "y man kn[s t he kn[s1 t no?+ w\ld emb>rass ,headqu>t]s m ?an to h an arre/ made on ^? premises4 ,a c]ta9 contempt = ! :ole ma*9]y ( law & ord] is ?us easily fo/]$4 ,because ( simple fri5dl9ess ! ald]man is expect$ to pay r5t = ! h>d-press$ t5ant :5 no r5t is =?com+1 to f9d jobs :5 "w is h>d to get1 to procure & divide among 8 con/itu5ts all ! places :i* he c seize f ! city hall4 ,! ald]man ( ! w>d we are consid]+ at "o "t c\ld make ! pr\d boa/ t he _h tw5ty-six hundr$ p 9 8 w>d ^u ! public pay-roll4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 includ$ day labor]s1 b ea* "o felt "u di/9ct obligations to him = gett+ a position4 ,:5 we reflect t ?is is "o-?ird ( ! entire vote ( ! w>d1 we realize t x is v important to vote = ! "r man1 s9ce !re is1 at ! lea/1 "o *ance out ( ?ree = secur+ "w4 ,if we recollect fur!r t ! fran*ise-seek+ companies pay respectful he$ to ! applicants back$ by ! ald]man1 ! "q ( vot+ = ! successful man becomes z mu* an indu/rial "o z a political "o4 ,an ,italian labor] wants a job m ?an any?+ else1 & q simply votes = ! man :o promises him "o4 ,x is n s diff]5t f 8 relation to ! padrone1 &1 inde$1 ! two /r5g!n ea* o!r4 ,! ald]man may himself be q s9c]e 9 8 acts ( k9dness1 = an (fice seek] may beg9 ) ! simple desire to alleviate suff]+1 & ?is may gradually *ange into ! desire to put 8 con/itu5ts "u obligations to him2 b ! action ( su* an individual becomes a demoraliz+ elem5t 9 ! community :5 k9dly impulse is made a cloak = ! satisfaction ( p]sonal ambition1 & :5 ! pla/ic morals ( 8 con/itu5ts gradually con=m to 8 own undevelop$ /&>ds4 ,! ald]man gives pres5ts at w$d+s & *ri/5+s4 ,he seizes ^! days ( family fe/ivities = mak+ fri5ds4 ,x is easie/ to rea* !m 9 ! holiday mood ( expansive good-w1 b on _! side x seems natural & k9dly t he %\ld d x4 ,! ald]man procures passes f ! railroads :5 8 con/itu5ts wi% to visit fri5ds or att5d ! fun]als ( di/ant relatives2 he buys tickets galore = b5efit ent]ta9m5ts giv5 = a wid[ or a consumptive 9 peculi> di/ress2 he contributes to prizes :i* are aw>d$ to ! h&some/ lady or ! mo/ popul> man4 ,at a *ur* baza>1 = in/ance1 ! ald]man f9ds ! /age all set = 8 dramatic p]=mance4 ,:5 o!rs are sp5d+ p5nies1 he is sp5d+ doll>s4 ,:5 anxi\s relatives are canvass+ to secure votes = ! two mo/ beautiful *ildr5 :o are be+ vot$ ^u1 he recklessly buys votes f bo? sides1 & laugh+ly decl9es to say :i* "o he likes be/1 buy+ (f ! "y lady :o is p]si/5tly det]m9$ to f9d out1 ) five doll>s = ! fl[] baza>1 ! posies1 ( c\rse1 to be s5t to ! sick ( ! p>i%4 ,! moral atmosph]e ( a baza> suits him exactly4 ,he murmurs _m times1 ,nev] m9d1 ! money all goes to ! poor2 x is all /raight en\gh if ! *ur* gets x1 ! poor won't ask too _m que/ions4 ,! (t5] he c put su* s5tim5ts into ! m9ds ( 8 con/itu5ts1 ! bett] he is pleas$4 ,no?+ s rapidly prep>es !m to take 8 view ( money gett+ & money sp5d+4 ,we see aga9 ! process disreg>d$1 because ! end itself is consid]$ s praisewor?y4 ,!re is some?+ ar*aic 9 a community ( simple p 9 _! attitude t[>d dea? & burial4 ,!re is no?+ s easy to collect money = z a fun]al1 & "o involunt>ily rememb]s t ! e>ly religi\s ti!s 7 paid to w>d (f dea? & gho/s4 ,at times "o enc\nt]s almo/ ! ,greek feel+ 9 reg>d to burial4 ,if ! ald]man seizes ^u times ( fe/ivities = expressions ( 8 good-w1 mu* m does he seize ^u p]iods ( sorr[4 ,at a fun]al he has ! d\ble advantage ( m9i/]+ to a g5u9e crav+ = com=t & solace1 & at ! same "t ( assi/+ a b]eav$ con/itu5t to express t curi\s feel+ ( remorse1 :i* is ev] an accompanim5t ( quick sorr[1 t desire to make up = pa/ del9qu5cies1 to %[ ! _w h[ mu* he lov$ ! p]son :o has j di$1 :i* is z natural z x is univ]sal4 ,9 addition to ?is1 !re is1 among ! poor1 :o h few social occasions1 a great desire = a well-arrang$ fun]al1 ! grade ( :i* almo/ det]m9es _! social /&+ 9 ! neighborhood4 ,! ald]man saves ! v poore/ ( 8 con/itu5ts f t awful horror ( burial by ! c\nty2 he provides c>riages = ! poor1 :o o!rwise c\ld n h !m4 ,x may be too mu* to say t all ! relatives & fri5ds :o ride 9 ! c>riages provid$ by ! ald]man's b\nty vote = him1 b !y are c]ta9ly influ5c$ by 8 k9dness1 & talk ( 8 virtues dur+ ! long h\rs ( ! ride back & =? f ! suburban cemet]y4 ,a man :o w\ld ask at su* a "t :]e all ! money ?us sp5t comes f w\ld be consid]$ s9i/]4 ,! t5d5cy to speak lightly ( ! faults ( ! dead & to judge !m g5tly is transf]r$ to ! liv+1 & _m a man at su* a "t has =mulat$ a l5i5t judgm5t ( political corruption1 & has he>d k9dly spee*es :i* he has rememb]$ on election day4 ,ah1 well1 he has a big ,iri% he>t4 ,he is good to ! wid[ & ! fa!rless4 ,he kn[s ! poor bett] ?an ! big guns :o are always talk+ ab\t civil s]vice & re=m4 ,inde$1 :at headway c ! notion ( civic purity1 ( hone/y ( adm9i/ration make aga9/ ?is big manife/ation ( human fri5dl9ess1 ?is /alk+ survival ( village k9dness8 ,! notions ( ! civic re=m] are negative & impot5t be=e x4 ,su* an ald]man w keep a /&+ acc\nt ) an und]tak]1 & telephone e week1 & sometimes m ?an once1 ! k9d ( fun]al he wi%es provid$ = a b]eav$ con/itu5t1 until ! sum may roll up into hundr$s a ye>4 ,he und]/&s :at ! p want1 & m9i/]s j z truly to a great human ne$ z ! musician or ! arti/4 ,an attempt to sub/itute :at we might call a lat] /&>d 0 made at "o "t :5 a delicate little *ild 0 des]t$ 9 ! ,hull-,h\se nurs]y4 ,an inve/igation %[$ t x _h be5 born t5 days previ\sly 9 ! ,cook ,c\nty hospital1 b no trace c\ld be f\nd ( ! un=tunate "m4 ,! little *ild liv$ = sev]al weeks1 & !n1 9 spite ( e c>e1 di$4 ,x 0 decid$ to h x buri$ by ! c\nty au?orities1 & ! wagon 0 to arrive at elev5 o'clock2 ab\t n9e o'clock 9 ! morn+ ! rumor ( ?is awful de$ rea*$ ! neighbors4 ,a half doz5 ( !m came1 9 a v excit$ /ate ( m9d1 to prote/4 ,!y took up a collection out ( _! pov]ty ) :i* to defray a fun]al4 ,! resid5ts ( ,hull-,h\se 7 !n comp>atively new 9 ! neighborhood & did n realize t !y 7 really %ock+ a g5u9e moral s5tim5t ( ! community4 ,9 _! crud5ess !y in/anc$ ! c>e & t5d]ness :i* _h be5 exp5d$ ^u ! little creature :ile x 0 alive2 t x _h _h e att5tion f a skill$ physician & a tra9$ nurse1 & ev5 intimat$ t ! excit$ memb]s ( ! gr\p _h n tak5 "p 9 ?is1 & t x n[ lay ) ! nurs]y to decide t x %\ld be buri$ z x _h be5 born1 at ! c\nty's exp5se4 ,x is d\btful if ,hull-,h\se has ev] done any?+ :i* injur$ x s deeply 9 ! m9ds ( "s ( its neighbors4 ,x 0 only =giv5 by ! mo/ indulg5t on ! gr\nd t ! resid5ts 7 sp9/]s1 & c\ld n "k a "m's he>t4 ,no "o born & re>$ 9 ! community c\ld possibly h made a mi/ake l t4 ,no "o :o _h /udi$ ! e?ical /&>ds ) any c>e c\ld h bungl$ s completely4 ,we are con/antly und]e/imat+ ! am\nt ( s5tim5t among simple p4 ,! songs :i* are mo/ popul> among !m are ^? ( a rem9isc5t old age1 9 :i* ! rip5$ s\l calmly rec\nts & regrets ! s9s ( 8 y\?1 songs 9 :i* ! wayw>d daught] is =giv5 by h] lov+ p>5ts1 9 :i* ! lov]s are magnanim\s & fai?ful ?r\gh all vicissitudes4 ,! t5d5cy is to condone & =give1 & n hold too rigidly to a /&>d4 ,9 ! !atres x is ! magnanim\s man1 ! k9dly reckless villa9 :o is always applaud$4 ,s %rewd an obs]v] z ,samuel ,johnson once rem>k$ t x 0 surpris+ to f9d h[ mu* m k9dness ?an ju/ice society conta9$4 ,on ! same basis ! ald]man manages sev]al saloons1 "o d[n t[n )9 easy access ( ! city hall1 :]e he c cat* ! m important ( 8 fri5ds4 ,"h aga9 he has seiz$ ^u an old tradition & primitive cu/om1 ! good fell[%ip :i* has long be5 be/ express$ :5 m5 dr9k toge!r4 ,! saloons (f] a common meet+ gr\nd1 ) /imulus en\gh to free ! wits & tongues ( ! m5 :o meet !re4 ,he di/ributes ea* ,*ri/mas _m tons ( turkeys n only to vot]s1 b to families :o are repres5t$ by no vote4 ,by a judici\s managem5t "s families get ?ree or f\r turkeys apiece2 b :at ( t1 ! ald]man has none ( ! nagg+ rules ( ! *>itable societies1 nor does he decl>e t because a man wants two turkeys = ,*ri/mas1 he is a sc\ndrel :o %all nev] be all[$ to eat turkey aga94 ,z he does n di/ribute 8 ,*ri/mas favors f any h>dly acquir$ philan?ropic motive1 !re is no disposition to apply ! c>efully evolv$ rules ( ! *>itable societies to 8 b5efici>ies4 ,( c\rse1 !re are ^? :o suspect t ! b5evol5ce re/s ^u self-seek+ motives1 & feel !mselves q fre$ f any s5se ( gratitude2 o!rs g fur!r & glory 9 ! fact t !y c ?us soak ! ald]man4 ,an example ( ?is is ! "y man :o fills 8 pockets ) a h&ful ( cig>s1 giv+ a sly w9k at ! o!rs4 ,b ?is fre$om f any s5se ( obligation is (t5 ! fir/ /ep d[nw>d to ! position :]e he is will+ to sell 8 vote to bo? p>ties1 & !n scrat* 8 ticket z he pleases4 ,! writ] recalls a conv]sation ) a man 9 :i* he compla9$ q op5ly1 & ) no s5se ( %ame1 t 8 vote _h sold = only two doll>s ?is ye>1 & t he 0 awfully disappo9t$4 ,! writ] happ5$ to "k t 8 income dur+ ! n9e mon?s previ\s _h be5 b tw5ty-eight doll>s1 & t he 0 9 debt ?irty-two doll>s1 & %e c\ld well imag9e ! eag]ness ) :i* he _h c\nt$ ^u ?is s\rce ( rev5ue4 ,aft] "s ye>s ! sell+ ( votes becomes a commonplace1 & b little attempt is made ^u ! "p ( ! buy] or sell] to conceal ! fact1 if ! transaction runs smoo?ly4 ,a c]ta9 lodg+-h\se keep] at "o "t sold ! votes ( 8 entire h\se to a political p>ty & 0 well paid = x too2 b be+ ( a grasp+ turn1 he also sold ! h\se = ! same election to ! rival p>ty4 ,su* an outrage c\ld n be borne4 ,! man 0 treat$ to a mod]n v]sion ( t> & fea!rs1 & z a result ( be+ held "u a /reet hydrant 9 ,novemb]1 contract$ pneumonia :i* result$ 9 8 dea?4 ,no (ficial inve/igation took place1 s9ce ! doctor's c]tificate ( pneumonia 0 suffici5t = legal burial1 & public s5tim5t su/a9$ ! action4 ,9 v>i\s conv]sations :i* ! writ] _h conc]n+ ! entire transaction1 %e discov]$ great indignation conc]n+ 8 duplicity & trea*]y1 b none :atev] = 8 orig9al (f5ce ( sell+ out ! votes ( 8 h\se4 ,a club w be />t$ = ! express purpose ( ga9+ a reputation = political p[] :i* may lat] be sold out4 ,! presid5t & executive committee ( su* a club1 :o w naturally receive ! funds1 promise to divide ) ! boys :o swell ! size ( ! memb]%ip4 ,a re=m movem5t is at fir/ fill$ ) recruits :o are active & l\d 9 _! ass]tions ( ! numb] ( votes !y c deliv]4 ,! re=m]s are delight$ ) ?is display ( zeal1 & only gradually f9d out t _m ( ! recruits are !re = ! express purpose ( be+ b\ght by ! o!r side2 t !y are mo/ active 9 ord] to seem valuable1 & ?us raise ! price ( _! allegiance :5 !y are ready to sell4 ,re=m]s see+ !m drop away "o by "o1 talk ( des]tion f ! ranks ( re=m1 & ( ! p[] ( money ov] well-mean+ m51 :o are too weak to )/& temptation2 b 9 reality ! m5 are n des]t]s because !y h nev] actually be5 enroll$ 9 ! ranks4 ,! money !y take is nei!r a bribe nor ! price ( _! loyalty1 x is simply ! consummation ( a long-*]i%$ plan & a well-e>n$ rew>d4 ,!y came into ! new movem5t = ! purpose ( be+ b\ght out ( x1 & h successfully accompli%$ t purpose4 ,hull-,h\se assi/$ 9 c>ry+ on two unsuccessful campaigns aga9/ ! same ald]man4 ,9 ! two ye>s foll[+ ! end ( ! fir/ "o1 ne>ly e man :o _h be5 prom95t 9 x _h receiv$ an (fice f ! relect$ ald]man4 ,a pr9t] _h be5 appo9t$ to a cl]k%ip 9 ! city hall2 a driv] receiv$ a l>ge sal>y = s]vices 9 ! police b>ns2 ! c&idate himself1 a bricklay]1 held a position 9 ! city con/ruction dep>tm5t4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! next campaign1 ! greate/ difficulty 0 exp]i5c$ 9 f9d+ a c&idate1 & ea* "o propos$1 dem&$ "t to consid] ! proposition4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he inv>iably became ! recipi5t ( ! ald]man's b\nty4 ,! fir/ "o1 :o 0 =eman ( a l>ge factory1 0 report$ to h be5 b\ght (f by ! promise t ! city in/itutions w\ld use ! product ( 8 firm4 ,! second "o1 a keep] ( a groc]y & family saloon1 ) l>ge popul>ity1 0 promis$ ! ald]manic nom9ation on ! regul> ticket at ! expiration ( ! t]m ( (fice held by ! ald]man's colleague1 & x may be well to /ate 9 pass+ t he 0 ?us nom9at$ & successfully elect$4 ,! ?ird propos$ c&idate receiv$ a place = 8 son 9 ! (fice ( ! city attorney4 ,n only are (fices 9 8 gift1 b all small] favors z well4 ,any reque/s to ! c\ncil1 or special lic5ses1 mu/ be pres5t$ by ! ald]man ( ! w>d 9 :i* ! p]son desir+ ! favor resides4 ,!re is ?us con/ant opportunity = ! ald]man to put 8 con/itu5ts "u obligations to him1 to make x difficult = a con/itu5t to )/& him1 or = "o ) l>ge int]e/s to ent] into political action at all4 ,f ! ,italian p$l] :o wants a lic5se to p$dle fruit 9 ! /reet1 to ! l>ge manufactur+ company :o desires to tunnel an alley = ! sake ( convey+ pipes f "o build+ to ano!r1 ev]ybody is "u obligations to 8 ald]man1 & is con/antly made to feel x4 ,9 %ort1 ^! v regulations = pres5t+ reque/s to ! c\ncil h be5 made1 by ! ald]m5 !mselves1 = ! express purpose ( increas+ ! dep5d5ce ( _! con/itu5ts1 & !reby augm5t+ ald]manic p[] & pre/ige4 ,! ald]man has also a v s+ul> hold ^u ! prop]ty own]s ( 8 w>d4 ,! pav+1 bo? ( ! /reets & sidewalks ?r\gh\t 8 di/rict1 is disgraceful2 & 9 ! election spee*es ! re=m side holds him responsible = ?is condition1 & promises bett] pav+ "u ano!r rgime4 ,b ! pav+ c\ld n be made bett] )\t a special assessm5t ^u ! prop]ty own]s ( ! vic9ity1 & pay+ m taxes is exactly :at 8 con/itu5ts d n want to d4 ,9 reality1 gett+ !m (f1 or at ! wor/ po/pon+ ! "t ( ! improvem5t1 is "o ( ! g5u9e favors :i* he p]=ms4 ,a movem5t to h ! pav+ done f a g5]al fund w\ld d\btless be oppos$ by ! prop]ty own]s 9 o!r p>ts ( ! city :o h already paid = ! asphalt bord]+ _! own possessions1 b !y h no conception ( ! /ruggle & possible bankruptcy :i* repav+ may mean to ! small prop]ty own]1 nor h[ 8 *ief conc]n may be to elect an ald]man :o c>es m = ! feel+s & pocket-books ( 8 con/itu5ts ?an he does = ! repute & cleanl9ess ( 8 city4 ,! ald]man exhibit$ great wisdom 9 procur+ f c]ta9 ( 8 d[n-t[n fri5ds ! sum ( ?ree ?\s& doll>s ) :i* to uni=m & equip a boys' temp]ance brigade :i* _h be5 =m$ 9 "o ( ! w>d *ur*es a few mon?s be=e 8 campaign4 ,is x /range t ! good lead]1 ^: he>t 0 fill$ ) innoc5t pride z he look$ ^u ^! promis+ "y scions ( virtue1 %\ld decl9e to ent] into a re=m campaign8 ,( :at use to sugge/ t uni=ms & bayonets = ! purpose ( promot+ temp]ance1 b\ght ) money contribut$ by a man :o 0 proprietor ( a saloon & a gambl+ h\se1 might p]haps confuse ! e?ics ( ! "y soldi]s8 ,:y take ! pa9s to urge t x 0 va9 to lecture & m>* ab/ract virtues into !m1 s long z ! *ampion boodl] ( ! t[n 0 ! man :om ! boys recogniz$ z a loyal & k9dhe>t$ fri5d1 ! public-spirit$ citiz51 :om _! fa!rs en?usia/ically vot$ =1 & _! mo!rs call$ ! fri5d ( ! poor4 ,z long z ! actual & tangible success is ?us embodi$1 m>*+ :e!r 9 k9d]g>t5s or brigades1 talk+ :e!r 9 clubs or classes1 does little to *ange ! code ( e?ics4 ,! "q ( :]e does ! money come f :i* is sp5t s successfully1 does ( c\rse occur to _m m9ds4 ,! m primitive p accept ! tru?ful /atem5t ( its s\rces )\t any %ock to _! moral s5se4 ,to _! simple m9ds he gets x f ! ri* &1 s long z he aga9 gives x out to ! poor z a true ,rob9 ,hood1 ) op5 h&1 !y h no objections to (f]4 ,_! e?ics are q hone/ly ^? ( ! m]ry-mak+ =e/]s4 ,! next less primitive p ( ! vic9age are q will+ to admit t he leads ! gang 9 ! city c\ncil1 & sells out ! city fran*ises2 t he makes deals ) ! fran*ise-seek+ companies2 t he gu>antees to /e] dubi\s measures ?r\gh ! c\ncil1 = :i* he dem&s lib]al pay2 t he is1 9 %ort1 a successful boodl]4 ,:51 h[ev]1 !re is intellect en\gh to get ?is po9t ( view1 !re is also en\gh to make ! cont5tion t ?is is univ]sally done1 t all ! ald]m5 d x m or less successfully1 b t ! ald]man ( ?is p>ticul> w>d is unique 9 be+ s g5]\s2 t su* a /ate ( affairs is to be deplor$1 ( c\rse2 b t t is ! way bus9ess is run1 & we are =tunate :5 a k9d-he>t$ man :o is close to ! p gets a l>ge %>e ( ! spoils2 t he s]ves fran*is$ companies :o employ m5 9 ! build+ & con/ruction ( _! ent]prises1 & t !y are b\nd 9 return to give "w to 8 con/itu5ts4 ,x is aga9 ! ju/ification ( /eal+ f ! ri* to give to ! poor4 ,ev5 :5 !y are intellig5t en\gh to complete ! circle1 & to see t ! money comes1 n f ! pockets ( ! companies' ag5ts1 b f ! /reet-c> f>es ( p l !mselves1 x almo/ seems z if !y w\ld r pay two c5ts m ea* "t !y ride ?an to give up ! consci\sness t !y h a big1 w>m-he>t$ fri5d at c\rt :o w /& by !m 9 an em]g5cy4 ,! s5se ( j deal+ comes app>5tly mu* lat] ?an ! desire = protection & indulg5ce4 ,on ! :ole1 ! gifts & favors are tak5 q simply z an evid5ce ( g5u9e lov+-k9dness4 ,! ald]man is really elect$ because he is a good fri5d & neighbor4 ,he is corrupt1 ( c\rse1 b he is n elect$ because he is corrupt1 b r 9 spite ( x4 ,8 /&>d suits 8 con/itu5ts4 ,he exemplifies & exagg]ates ! popul> type ( a good man4 ,he has atta9$ :at 8 con/itu5ts secretly long =4 ,at "o end ( ! w>d !re is a /reet ( good h\ses1 famili>ly call$ ,con ,r[4 ,! t]m is p]haps q unju/ly us$1 b x is nev]!less univ]sally appli$1 because _m ( ^! h\ses are occupi$ by pr(essional (fice hold]s4 ,?is r[ is suppos$ to =m a happy hunt+-gr\nd ( ! successful politician1 :]e he c live 9 prosp]ity1 & /ill ma9ta9 8 vote & influ5ce 9 ! w>d4 ,x w\ld be difficult to ju/ly e/imate ! influ5ce :i* ?is gr\p ( successful1 prom95t m51 includ+ ! ald]man :o lives !re1 h _h ^u ! ideals ( ! y\? 9 ! vic9ity4 ,! pa? :i* leads to ri*es & success1 to civic prom95ce & honor1 is ! pa? ( political corruption4 ,we might comp>e ?is to ! pa? laid out by ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 :o also secur$ all ( ^! ?+s1 b told "y m5 t !y c\ld be obta9$ only by /r5u\s ef=t & frugal liv+1 by ! cultivation ( ! m9d1 & ! hold+ fa/ to righte\sness2 or1 aga91 we might comp>e x to ! ideals :i* 7 held up to ! ,am]ican y\? fifty ye>s ago1 l[]1 to be sure1 ?an ! revolution>y ideal1 b /ill f9e & aspir+ t[>d honorable deal+ & c>eful liv+4 ,!y 7 told t ! c>e] ( ! self-made man 0 op5 to e ,am]ican boy1 if he work$ h>d & sav$ 8 money1 improv$ 8 m9d1 & foll[$ a /eady ambition4 ,! writ] rememb]s t :5 %e 0 t5 ye>s old1 ! village s*oolma/] told 8 little flock1 )\t any mitigat+ clauses1 t ,jay ,g\ld _h laid ! f\ndation ( 8 colossal =tune by always sav+ bits ( /r+1 & t1 z a result1 e *ild 9 ! village assidu\sly collect$ p>ty-color$ balls ( tw9e4 ,a bright ,*icago boy might well draw ! inf]5ce t ! pa? ( ! corrupt politician n only leads to civic honors1 b to ! glories ( b5evol5ce & philan?ropy4 ,?is l[]+ ( /&>ds1 ?is sett+ ( an ideal1 is p]haps ! wor/ ( ! situation1 =1 z we said 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 we det]m9e ideals by our daily actions & decisions n only = ourselves1 b l>gely = ea* o!r4 ,we are all involv$ 9 ?is political corruption1 & z memb]s ( ! community /& indict$4 ,?is is ! p5alty ( a democracy1--t we are b\nd to move =w>d or retrograde toge!r4 ,none ( u c /& aside2 our feet are mir$ 9 ! same soil1 & our lungs brea! ! same air4 ,t ! ald]man has mu* to d ) sett+ ! /&>d ( life & desirable prosp]ity may be illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ incid5t3 ,dur+ "o ( ! campaigns a clev] c>tooni/ drew a po/] repres5t+ ! successful ald]man 9 portraiture dr9k+ *ampagne at a table load$ ) pret5ti\s di%es & surr\nd$ by o!r revell]s4 ,9 contradi/9ction 0 8 oppon5t1 a bricklay]1 :o sat ^u a half-f9i%$ wall1 eat+ a meagre d9n] f a work+man's d9n]-pail1 & ! pass]-by 0 ask$ :i* type ( repres5tative he pref]r$1 ! presumption be+ t at lea/ 9 a work+man's di/rict ! bricklay] w\ld come out ahead4 ,to ! *agr9 ( ! re=m]s1 h[ev]1 x 0 gradually discov]$ t1 9 ! popul> m9d1 a man :o laid bricks & wore ov]alls 0 n ne>ly s desirable = an ald]man z ! man :o drank *ampagne & wore a diamond 9 8 %irt front4 ,! di/rict wi%$ its repres5tative to /& up ) ! be/ ( !m1 & c]ta9ly "s ( ! con/itu5ts w\ld h be5 a%am$ to h be5 repres5t$ by a bricklay]4 ,x is "p ( t g5]al desire to appe> well1 ! optimi/ic & ?or\ghly ,am]ican belief1 t ev5 if a man is work+ ) 8 h&s to-day1 he & 8 *ildr5 w q likely be 9 a bett] position 9 ! swift com+ to-morr[1 & !re is no ne$ ( be+ too closely associat$ ) common work+ p4 ,!re is an hone/ abs5ce ( class consci\sness1 & a nave belief t ! k9d ( occupation q l>gely det]m9es social position4 ,?is is d\btless exagg]at$ 9 a neighborhood ( =eign p by ! fact t z ea* nationality becomes m adapt$ to ,am]ican conditions1 ! scale ( its occupation rises4 ,fifty ye>s ago 9 ,am]ica a ,dut*man 0 us$ z a t]m ( reproa*1 mean+ a man ^: language 0 n und]/ood1 & :o p]=m$ m5ial tasks1 digg+ sew]s & build+ railroad embankm5ts4 ,lat] ! ,iri% did ! same "w 9 ! community1 b z quickly z possible h&$ x on to ! ,italians1 to :om ! "n dago is said to cl+ z a result ( ! digg+ :i* ! ,iri%man resign$ to him4 ,! ,italian himself is at la/ wak+ up to ?is fact4 ,9 a political spee* rec5tly made by an ,italian padrone1 he bitt]ly reproa*$ ! ald]man = giv+ !-f\r-doll>s-a-day jobs ( sitt+ 9 an (fice to ,iri%m5 & !-doll>-&-a-half-a-day jobs ( sweep+ ! /reets to ! ,italians4 ,?is g5]al /ruggle to rise 9 life1 to be at lea/ politically repres5t$ by "o ( ! be/1 z to occupation & social /atus1 has also its negative side4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ! imitative impulse plays an important "p 9 life1 & t ! loss ( social e/imation1 ke5ly felt by all ( u1 is p]haps mo/ dread$ by ! humble/1 among :om fre$om ( individual conduct1 ! p[] to give only j weight to ! op9ion ( neighbors1 is b feebly develop$4 ,a =m ( con/ra9t1 g5tle1 b p[]ful1 is af=d$ by ! simple desire to d :at o!rs d1 9 ord] to %>e ) !m ! approval ( ! community4 ,( c\rse1 ! l>g] ! numb] ( p among :om an habitual mode ( conduct obta9s1 ! great] ! con/ra9t x puts ^u ! individual w4 ,?us x is t ! political corruption ( ! city presses mo/ heavily :]e x c be lea/ resi/$1 & is mo/ likely to be imitat$4 ,accord+ to ! same law1 ! positive evils ( corrupt gov]nm5t are b\nd to fall heavie/ ^u ! poore/ & lea/ capable4 ,:5 ! wat] ( ,*icago is f\l1 ! prosp]\s buy wat] bottl$ at di/ant spr+s2 ! poor h no alt]native b ! typhoid fev] :i* comes f us+ ! city's supply4 ,:5 ! g>bage contracts are n en=c$1 ! well-to-d pay = private s]vice2 ! poor suff] ! discom=t & illness :i* are inevitable f a f\l atmosph]e4 ,! prosp]\s bus9ess man has a c]ta9 *oice z to :e!r he w treat ) ! boss politician or pres]ve 8 indep5d5ce on a small] income2 b to an ,italian day labor] x is a *oice betwe5 obey+ ! comm&s ( a political boss or practical />vation4 ,aga91 a m intellig5t man may philosophize a little ^u ! pres5t /ate ( corruption1 & reflect t x is b a phase ( our comm]cialism1 f :i* we are b\nd to em]ge2 at any rate1 he may give himself ! solace ( lit]ature & ideals 9 o!r directions1 b ! m ignorant man :o lives only 9 ! n>r[ pres5t has no su* res\rce2 sl[ly ! conviction ent]s 8 m9d t politics is a matt] ( favors & positions1 t self-gov]nm5t means pleas+ ! boss & /&+ 9 ) ! gang4 ,?is sl[ly acquir$ k he h&s on to 8 family4 ,dur+ ! mon? ( ,febru>y 8 boy may come home f s*ool ) r incoh]5t tales ab\t ,wa%+ton & ,l9coln1 & ! fa!r may = ! mom5t be fir$ to tell ( ,g>ibaldi1 b su* talk is only p]iodic1 & ! long ye> r\nd ! =tunes ( ! entire family1 d[n to ! opportunity to e>n food & %elt]1 dep5d ^u ! boss4 ,9 a c]ta9 measure also1 ! opportunities = pleasure & recreation dep5d ^u him4 ,to use a =m] illu/ration1 if a man happ5s to h a ta/e = gambl+1 if ! slot ma*9e af=ds him div]sion1 he goes to ^? h\ses :i* are protect$ by political influ5ce4 ,if he & 8 fri5ds l to drop into a saloon aft] midnight1 or ev5 want to he> a little music :ile !y dr9k toge!r e>ly 9 ! ev5+1 he is break+ ! law :5 he indulges 9 ei!r ( !m1 & c only be exempt f arre/ or f9e because ! great political ma*9e is fri5dly to him & expects 8 allegiance 9 return4 ,dur+ ! campaign1 :5 x 0 f\nd h>d to secure en\gh local speak]s ( ! moral tone :i* 0 desir$1 orators 7 import$ f o!r p>ts ( ! t[n1 f ! s-call$ bett] elem5t4 ,sudd5ly x 0 rumor$ on all sides t1 :ile ! money & speak]s = ! re=m c&idate 7 com+ f ! swells1 ! money :i* 0 back+ ! corrupt ald]man also came f a swell s\rce2 t ! presid5t ( a /reet-c> comb9ation1 = :om he p]=m$ con/ant (fices 9 ! city c\ncil1 0 ready to back him to ! ext5t ( fifty ?\s& doll>s2 t ?is presid5t1 too1 0 a good man1 & sat 9 high places2 t he _h rec5tly giv5 a l>ge sum ( money to an educational in/itution & 0 !re=e z philan?ropic1 n to say good & upright1 z any man 9 t[n2 t ! corrupt ald]man _h ! sanction ( ! highe/ au?orities1 & t ! lectur]s :o 7 talk+ aga9/ corruption1 & ! sell+ & buy+ ( fran*ises1 7 only ! cranks1 & n ! solid bus9ess m5 :o _h develop$ & built up ,*icago4 ,all p>ts ( ! community are b\nd toge!r 9 e?ical developm5t4 ,if ! s-call$ m enlight5$ memb]s accept corporate gifts f ! man :o buys up ! c\ncil1 & ! s-call$ less enlight5$ memb]s accept individual gifts f ! man :o sells out ! c\ncil1 we surely mu/ take our puni%m5t toge!r4 ,!re is ! diff]5ce1 ( c\rse1 t 9 ! fir/ case we act collectively1 & 9 ! second case individually2 b is ! puni%m5t :i* foll[s ! fir/ any light] or less f>-rea*+ 9 its consequ5ces ?an ! m obvi\s "o :i* foll[s ! second8 ,h our morals be5 s captur$ by comm]cialism1 to use ,mr4 ,*apman's g5]alization1 t we d n see a moral d]eliction :5 bus9ess or educational int]e/s are s]v$ !reby1 al?\gh we are /ill %ock$ :5 ! saloon int]e/ is ?us s]v$8 ,! /reet-c> company :i* decl>es t x is impossible to d bus9ess )\t manag+ ! city c\ncil1 is on exactly ! same moral level ) ! man :o _c reta9 political p[] unless he has a saloon1 a l>ge acqua9tance ) ! semi-crim9al class1 & que/ionable money ) :i* to debau* 8 con/itu5ts4 ,bo? sets ( m5 assume t ! only appeal possible is along ! l9e ( self-int]e/4 ,!y frankly ackn[l$ge money gett+ z _! own motive p[]1 & !y believe 9 ! cupidity ( all ! m5 :om !y enc\nt]4 ,no attempt 9 ei!r case is made to put =w>d ! claims ( ! public1 or to f9d a moral basis = action4 ,z ! corrupt politician assumes t public morality is impossible1 s _m bus9ess m5 become conv9c$ t to pay tribute to ! corrupt ald]m5 is on ! :ole *eap] ?an to h taxes too high2 t x is bett] to pay exorbitant rates = fran*ises1 ?an to be made unwill+ p>tn]s 9 transportation exp]im5ts4 ,su* m5 come to reg>d political re=m]s z a sort ( monomaniac1 :o are n reasonable en\gh to see ! necessity ( ! pres5t arrangem5t :i* has sl[ly be5 evolv$ & develop$1 & ^u :i* bus9ess is safely conduct$4 ,a re=m] :o really knew ! p & _! great human ne$s1 :o believ$ t x 0 ! bus9ess ( gov]nm5t to s]ve !m1 & :o fur!r recogniz$ ! educative p[] ( a s5se ( responsibility1 w\ld possess a clew by :i* he might analyze ! situation4 ,he w\ld f9d out :at ne$s1 :i* ! ald]man supplies1 are legitimate ones :i* ! city itself c\ld und]take1 9 c\nt]-di/9ction to ^? :i* p&] to ! l[] in/9cts ( ! con/itu5cy4 ,a "m :o eats h] ,*ri/mas turkey 9 a rev]5t _s ( ?ankfulness to ! ald]man :o gave x to h]1 might be gradually br\ght to a g5u9e s5se ( appreciation & gratitude to ! city :i* supplies h] little *ildr5 ) a ,k9d]g>t51 or1 to ! ,bo>d ( ,heal? :i* prop]ly plac>d$ a case ( sc>let-fev] next door & sp>$ h] sleepless nights & we>+ anxiety1 z well z ! money paid ) su* difficulty to ! doctor & ! druggi/4 ,! man :o 9 8 emotional gratitude almo/ kneels be=e 8 political fri5d :o gets 8 boy out ( jail1 might be made to see ! k9dness & good s5se ( ! city au?orities :o provid$ ! boy ) a playgr\nd & read+ room1 :]e he might sp5d 8 h\rs ( idl5ess & re/lessness1 & ?r\gh :i* 8 temptations to petty crime might be av]t$4 ,a man :o is grateful to ! ald]man :o sees t 8 gambl+ & rac+ are n int]f]$ )1 might le>n to feel loyal & responsible to ! city :i* suppli$ him ) a gymnasium & swimm+ tank :]e manly & well-conduct$ sports are possible4 ,! vot] :o is eag] to s]ve ! ald]man at all times1 because ! t5ure ( 8 job is dep5d5t ^u ald]manic favor1 might f9d great relief & pleasure 9 work+ = ! city 9 :i* 8 place 0 secur$ by a well-adm9i/]$ civil s]vice law4 ,aft] all1 :at ! corrupt ald]man dem&s f 8 foll[]s & l>gely dep5ds ^u is a s5se ( loyalty1 a /&+-by ! man :o is good to y1 :o und]/&s y1 & :o gets y out ( tr\ble4 ,all ! social life ( ! vot] f ! "t he 0 a little boy & play$ craps ) 8 own pu%1 & n ) "s o!r pu%1 has be5 f\nd$ on ?is s5se ( loyalty & ( /&+ 9 ) 8 fri5ds4 ,n[ t he is a man1 he likes ! s5se ( be+ inside a political organization1 ( be+ tru/$ ) political gossip1 ( belong+ to a set ( fell[s :o und]/& ?+s1 & ^: int]e/s are be+ c>$ = by a /rong fri5d 9 ! city c\ncil itself4 ,all ?is is p]fectly legitimate1 & all 9 ! l9e ( ! developm5t ( a /rong civic loyalty1 if x 7 m]ely socializ$ & enl>g$4 ,su* a vot] has already proce$$ 9 ! =w>d direction 9 s f> z he has lo/ ! s5se ( isolation1 & has ab&on$ ! conviction t city gov]nm5t does n t\* 8 individual affairs4 ,ev5 ,mill claims t ! social feel+s ( man1 8 desire to be at unity ) 8 fell[-creatures1 are ! natural basis = morality1 & he def9es a man ( high moral culture z "o :o ?9ks ( himself1 n z an isolat$ individual1 b z a "p 9 a social organism4 ,^u ?is f\ndation x ought n to be difficult to build a /ructure ( civic virtue4 ,x is only necess>y to make x cle> to ! vot] t 8 individual ne$s are common ne$s1 t is1 public ne$s1 & t !y c only be legitimately suppli$ = him :5 !y are suppli$ = all4 ,if we believe t ! individual /ruggle = life may wid5 into a /ruggle = ! lives ( all1 surely ! dem& ( an individual = dec5cy & com=t1 = a *ance to "w & obta9 ! fulness ( life may be wid5$ until x gradually embraces all ! memb]s ( ! community1 & rises into a s5se ( ! common weal4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to give him a s5se ( conviction t 8 individual ne$s mu/ be m]g$ into ! ne$s ( ! _m1 & are only important z !y are ?us m]g$1 ! appeal _c be made along ! l9e ( self-int]e/4 ,! dem& %\ld be univ]saliz$2 9 ?is process x w\ld also become cl>ifi$1 & ! basis ( our political organization become p]=ce social & e?ical4 ,w\ld x be dang]\s to conclude t ! corrupt politician himself1 because he is democratic 9 me?od1 is on a m e?ical l9e ( social developm5t ?an ! re=m]1 :o believes t ! p mu/ be made ov] by good citiz5s & gov]n$ by exp]ts8 ,! =m] at lea/ are engag$ 9 t great moral ef=t ( gett+ ! mass to express itself1 & ( add+ ?is mass en]gy & wisdom to ! community z a :ole4 ,! wide div]g5ce ( exp]i5ce makes x difficult = ! good citiz5 to und]/& ?is po9t ( view1 & _m ?+s conspire to make x h>d = him to act ^u x4 ,he is m or less a victim to t curi\s feel+ s (t5 possess$ by ! good man1 t ! righte\s d n ne$ to be agreeable1 t _! goodness alone is suffici5t1 & t !y c leave ! arts & wiles ( secur+ popul> favor to ! self-seek+4 ,?is results 9 a c]ta9 repell5t mann]1 commonly reg>d$ z ! app>el ( righte\sness1 & is fur!r responsible = ! fatal mi/ake ( mak+ ! surr\nd+s ( good influ5ces s+ul>ly unattractive2 a mi/ake :i* really des]ves a reprim& q z sev]e z ! equally repreh5sible de$ ( mak+ ! surr\nd+s ( evil influ5ces s beguil+4 ,bo? are ak9 to t /ate ( m9d :i* n>r[s ! entrance into a wid] morality to ! eye ( a ne$le1 & acc\nts = ! fact t new moral movem5ts h ev] & aga9 be5 inaugurat$ by ^? :o h f\nd !mselves 9 revolt aga9/ ! conv5tionaliz$ good4 ,! success ( ! re=m+ politician :o insi/s ^u m]e purity ( adm9i/ration & ^u ! control & suppression ( ! unruly elem5ts 9 ! community1 may be ! easy result ( a n>r[+ & selfi% process4 ,= ! pa9ful condition ( endeavor+ to m9i/] to g5u9e social ne$s1 ?r\gh ! political ma*9]y1 & at ! same "t to remodel t ma*9]y s t x %all be adequate to its new task1 is to enc\nt] ! inevitable discom=t ( a transition into a new type ( democratic relation4 ,! p]plex+ exp]i5ces ( ! actual adm9i/ration1 h[ev]1 h a g5u9e value ( _! own4 ,! economi/ :o treats ! individual cases z m]e data1 & ! social re=m] :o labors to make su* cases impossible1 solely because ( ! appeal to 8 reason1 may h to %>e ^! p]plexities be=e !y feel !mselves )9 ! grasp ( a pr9ciple ( gr[?1 work+ outw>d f )92 be=e !y c ga9 ! exhil>ation & uplift :i* comes :5 ! individual sympa?y & intellig5ce is caught into ! =w>d intuitive movem5t ( ! mass4 ,?is g5]al movem5t is n )\t its intellectual aspects1 b x has to be transf]r$ f ! region ( p]ception to t ( emotion be=e x is really appreh5d$4 ,! mass ( m5 seldom move toge!r )\t an emotional inc5tive4 ,! man :o *ooses to /& aside1 avoids mu* ( ! p]plexity1 b at ! same "t he loses contact ) a great s\rce ( vitality4 ,p]haps ! la/ & greate/ difficulty 9 ! pa?s ( ^? :o are attempt+ to def9e & atta9 a social morality1 is t :i* arises f ! fact t !y _c adequately te/ ! value ( _! ef=ts1 _c inde$ be sure ( _! motives until _! ef=ts are r$uc$ to action & are pres5t$ 9 "s workable =m ( social conduct or control4 ,= action is inde$ ! sole m$ium ( expression = e?ics4 ,we cont9ually =get t ! sph]e ( morals is ! sph]e ( action1 t speculation 9 reg>d to morality is b obs]vation & mu/ rema9 9 ! sph]e ( intellectual comm5t1 t a situation does n really become moral until we are confront$ ) ! "q ( :at %all be done 9 a concrete case1 & are oblig$ to act ^u our !ory4 ,a /irr+ appeal has lately be5 made by a recogniz$ e?ical lectur] :o has decl>$ t ,x is insanity to expect to receive ! data ( wisdom by look+ on4 ,we arrive at moral k only by t5tative & obs]vant practice4 ,we le>n h[ to apply ! new insight by hav+ attempt$ to apply ! old & hav+ f\nd x to fail4 ,?is necessity ( r$uc+ ! exp]im5t to action ?r[s out ( ! und]tak+ all timid & irresolute p]sons1 m ?an t1 all ^? :o %r9k be=e ! ne$ ( /riv+ =w>d %\ld] to %\ld] ) ! crud] m51 ^: sole virtue may be social ef=t1 & ev5 t n unta9t$ by self-seek+1 :o are inde$ pu%+ =w>d social morality1 b :o are do+ x irrationally & emotionally1 & (t5 at ! exp5se ( ! well-settl$ /&>ds ( morality4 ,! p[] to di/+ui% betwe5 ! g5u9e ef=t & ! adv5titi\s mi/akes is p]haps ! mo/ difficult te/ :i* comes to our fallible intellig5ce4 ,9 ! range ( individual morals1 we h le>n$ to di/ru/ him :o w\ld rea* spirituality by simply r5\nc+ ! _w1 or by m]ely speculat+ ^u its evils4 ,! result1 z well z ! process ( virtues atta9$ by repression1 has become di/a/eful to u4 ,:5 ! entire moral en]gy ( an individual goes into ! cultivation ( p]sonal integrity1 we all "k h[ unlovely ! result may become2 ! "* is upright1 ( c\rse1 b too coat$ ov] ) ! result ( its own endeavor to be attractive4 ,9 ?is ef=t t[>d a high] morality 9 our social relations1 we mu/ dem& t ! individual %all be will+ to lose ! s5se ( p]sonal a*ievem5t1 & %all be cont5t to realize 8 activity only 9 connection ) ! activity ( ! _m4 ,! cry ( ,back to ! p is always he>d at ! same "t1 :5 we h ! prophet's dem& = rep5tance or ! religi\s cry ( ,back to ,*ri/1 z ?\gh we w\ld seek refuge ) our fell[s & believe 9 our common exp]i5ces z a prep>ation = a new moral /ruggle4 ,z ! acceptance ( democracy br+s a c]ta9 life-giv+ p[]1 s x has its own sanctions & com=ts4 ,p]haps ! mo/ obvi\s "o is ! curi\s s5se :i* comes to u f "t to "t1 t we belong to ! :ole1 t a c]ta9 basic well be+ c nev] be tak5 away f u :atev] ! turn ( =tune4 ,tol/oy has portray$ ! exp]i5ce 9 ,ma/] & ,man4 ,! =m] saves 8 s]vant f freez+1 by protect+ him ) ! heat ( 8 body1 & 8 dy+ h\rs are fill$ ) an ineffable s5se ( heal+ & well-be+4 ,su* exp]i5ces1 ( :i* we h all _h glimpses1 anticipate 9 our relation to ! liv+ t peace ( m9d :i* envelopes u :5 we m$itate ^u ! great multitude ( ! dead4 ,x is ak9 to ! assurance t ! dead und]/&1 because !y h ent]$ into ! ,great ,exp]i5ce1 & !re=e mu/ compreh5d all less] ones2 t all ! misund]/&+s we h 9 life are due to p>tial exp]i5ce1 & all life's frett+ comes ( our limit$ intellig5ce2 :5 ! la/ & ,great ,exp]i5ce comes1 x is1 p]=ce1 att5d$ by m]cy & =giv5ess4 ,consci\sly to accept ,democracy & its manifold exp]i5ces is to anticipate t peace & fre$om4 ,,index#a ,ald]man1 basis ( 8 political success1 #bbf1 #bbh1 #bdj1 #bdc1 #bdh1 #bfg2 8 influ5ce on morals ( ! ,am]ican boy1 #bea1 #bee1 #bef2 on /&>d ( life1 #beg2 8 p[]1 #bcb1 #bcc1 #bce1 #bdf1 #bfj2 8 social duties1 #bcd1 #bcf1 #bdc1 #bej4 ,art & ! work+man1 #bai1 #bbe4 ,boss1 !1 ignorant man's dep5d5ce on1 #bfj1 #bff4 ,bus9ess college1 !1 #aig4 ,*>ity1 adm9i/ration (1 #ad1 #bb2 neighborly relations 91 #bi1 #bcj2 organiz$1 #be2 /&>ds 91 #ae1 #bg1 #cb1 #ch1 #di1 #eh2 sci5tific vs4 human relations 91 #fd4 ,*ild labor1 premature "w1 #da1 #ahh2 fir/ laws conc]n+1 #afg1 #agj4 ,city1 responsibilities (1 #bff4 ,civil s]vice law1 its en=cem5t1 #bca1 #bcc4 ,comm]cial & indu/rial life1 social position (1 comp>$1 #aic4 ,comm]cialism & education1 #aij-aii1 #baf2 morals captur$ by1 #bfd2 polyte*nic s*ools tak5 by1 #bjb4 ,cop]ation1 #aec1 #aeh4 ,coop]1 ,pet]1 #bjb4 ,dayton1 ,ohio1 factory at1 #baf4 ,dea? & burials among simple p1 #bch4 ,dome/ic s]vice1 problem (1 9 ,france1 ,engl&1 & ,am]ica1 #ace2 indu/rial difficulty (1 #ajf2 moral issues (1 #ajf4 ,education1 attempts at indu/rial1 #bja2 comm]cialism 91 #aif1 #bja2 9 comm]cialism1 #baf2 9 te*nical s*ools1 #bja2 lack ( adaptation 91 #aii1 #bjh1 #bab2 ( indu/rial work]s1 #ahj1 #aic1 #aii1 #bai2 (fset to ov]specialization1 #baa2 public s*ool &1 #aij1 #aib2 relation (1 to ! *ild1 #ahj1 #ahe1 #aic2 relation (1 to ! immigrant1 #aha-ahf2 univ]sity ext5sion lectures & settlem5ts1 #aii2 work+m5's lecture c\rses1 #bad4 ,educators1 mi/akes (1 #bab2 new dem&s on1 #agh1 #aib1 #bja1 #baa4 ,family claim1 !1 #d1 #gd1 #gh2 daught]'s college education1 #hb2 employ]'s vs4 dome/ic's1 #abc1 #abd2 on ! daught]1 #hb2 on ! son1 ibid4 ,family life1 misconception (1 #aaf4 ,filial relations1 cla% ( moral codes1 #id4 ,fun]als1 attitude ( simple p t[>d1 #bch4 ,h\sehold employee1 !1 #ajh1 #aji2 "* (1 #aab2 dome/ic vs4 factory1 #aaf1 #aah1 #aai1 #abb2 isolation (1 #aji1 #aaa1 #aag1 #abj1 #acb2 morals (1 #abe2 unnatural relation (1 #aac1 #abj1 #aba1 #abf1 #abg2 unreasonable dem&s on1 #aac1 #aae2 resid5ce clubs =1 #acc2 social position (1 #aad1 #aai1 #abb4 ,h\sehold employ]1 !1 undemocratic e?ics (1 #aaf2 re=m (1 9 relation to employee1 #abf4 ,h\sehold1 !1 advantages & disadvantages ( factory "w ov]1 #abi2 competition ( factory "w )1 #abh2 difficulties ( ! small1 #ace2 indu/rial isolation (1 #aag2 indu/ry (1 transf]r$ to factory1 #ajd1 #aje2 lack ( progress 91 #aag2 orig9 (1 #ajd2 social vs4 individual aspects (1 #ajc2 suburban difficulties (1 #acd2 wages 91 #aca4 ,hull-h\se exp]i5ces1 #dc1 #ec1 #eh1 #ei1 #bdj1 #bdg4 ,human life1 value (1 #g1 #agh4 ,individual action vs4 associat$1 #acg1 #aec1 #aeh2 advantages (1 #aeh1 #afb2 limitations (1 #afe2 moral evolution involv$ 91 #bbf4 ,individual vs4 social ne$s1 #aee1 #bfi4 ,individual vs4 social virtues1 #bbd1 #bbg1 #bfe4 ,italian immigrant1 !1 conception ( ab/ract virtue among1 #bbi2 dep5d5ce (1 on _! *ildr51 #ahd2 education (1 #ahe2 new conditions ( life (1 #aha4 ,juv5ile crim9al1 !1 evolution (1 #ec-ef1 #ahg4 ,labor1 division (1 #baj1 #bac2 reaction f1 #bae4 ,law & ord]1 #agb1 #agd1 #bcd4 ,moral fact & moral idea1 #bbg1 #bbi1 #bgc4 ,morality1 natural basis (1 #bfh2 p]sonal & social1 #f1 #agf1 #ajc4 ,philan?ropic /&po9t1 !1 its dang]s1 #aej1 #aee-aeg4 ,philan?ropi/1 !1 #aed1 #age-agf4 ,political corruption1 e?ical developm5t 91 #bgj2 =mation ( re=m clubs1 #bdf2 greate/ pressure (1 #bfj2 individual & social aspect (1 #bfd2 l5i5cy 9 reg>d to1 #bci2 responsibility =1 #bef1 #bfc2 sell+ ( votes1 #bdd-bdf2 /reet railway & saloon int]e/1 #bfb4 ,political lead]s1 causes ( success (1 #bbd4 ,political /&>ds1 #bbh1 #bbi1 #bea-bec1 #bfa2 comp>$ ) ,b5jam9 ,frankl9's1 #bee4 ,ref]5dum me?od1 !1 #afd4 ,re=m]1 !1 e?ics (1 #bgj4 ,re=m movem5ts 9 politics1 causes ( failure 91 #bbb1 #bdj1 #bfb1 #bgb1 #bgd2 bus9ess m5's attitude t[>d1 #bfe4 ,rum=d1 ,c\nt1 #aag4 ,rusk91 #bai4 ,saloon1 !1 #bdc1 #bfd4 ,social claim1 !1 #d1 #gg2 *ild /udy &1 #ib1 #ahj2 misplac$ en]gy &1 #ij4 ,social virtues1 code ( employ]1 #adc1 #adh2 code ( labor+ man1 ibid4 ,te*nical s*ools1 #bja2 adaptation (1 to work+m51 #bjd2 compromises 91 #bjc2 polyte*nic in/itutions1 #bjb2 textile s*ools1 #bjc2 wom5 91 ibid4 ,?rift1 individualism (1 #ca1 #dj1 #bab4 ,trades unions1 #adh1 #aeh1 #afg1 #afi1 #aga2 sympa!tic /rikes1 #agd4 ,work+man1 !1 ambition (1 = 8 *ildr51 #aia1 #beh2 art 9 relation to1 #bah2 *>ity (1 #aed2 ev5+ classes & social ent]ta9m5t =1 #ahi2 grievance (1 #baa2 hi/orical p]spective 9 ! "w (1 ibid42 organizations (1 #bad2 /&>ds = political c&idate1 #beg4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is index is n int5d$ to be exhau/ive4