,,! ,,c>e ,,& ,,fe$+ ,,( ,,*ildr5 ,a ,,cate*ism ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,mo!rs ,,& ,,*ildr5',s ,,nurses ,by ,l4 ,,emmett ,,holt1 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,diseases ,,( ,,*ildr5 ,,9 ,,! ,,college ,,( ,,physicians ,,& ,,surgeons 7,,columbia ,,univ]sity7 ,,att5d+ ,,physician ,,to ,,! ,,babies' ,,hospital ,,& ,,! ,,f\ndl+ ,,hospital1 ,,new ,,york ,f\r? ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$ ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company #aijg ,,copyright1 #ahid1 #ahig1 #aijc1 #aijf ,by ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! text scans did n include a ,table ( ,cont5ts s ! foll[+ has be5 add$ = ! conv5i5ce ( ! read]4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,*ildr5 ,ba?+ ,g5ital ,organs ,eyes ,m\? ,sk9 ,clo?+ ,napk9s ,nurs]y ,air+ ,weight1 ,gr[?1 & ,developm5t ,d5tition ,,ii4 ,,infant ,,fe$+ ,nurs+ ,wean+ ,artificial ,fe$+ ,selection & ,c>e ( ,milk ,us$ = ,infant ,fe$+ ,modification ( ,c['s ,milk ,food = ,heal?y ,infants--,! ,e>ly ,mon?s ,food = ,heal?y ,infants--,! ,lat] ,mon?s ,g5]al ,rules = ,guidance 9 ! ,use ( ! ,=mulas ,giv5 ,addition ( ,o!r ,foods to ,milk ,ov]fe$+ ,loss ( ,appetite ,*anges 9 ,food ,requir$ by ,special ,symptoms or ,conditions ,common ,mi/akes 9 ,milk ,modification & ,infant ,fe$+ ,prep>ation ( ,c['s ,milk at ,home ,directions = ,fe$+ ,infants ,int]vals ( ,fe$+ ,regul>ity 9 ,fe$+ ,/]iliz$ ,milk ,modifi$ ,milk ( ! ,milk ,laboratories ,peptoniz$ ,milk ,fe$+ ,dur+ ! ,second ,ye> ,fe$+ ,dur+ ! ,?ird ,ye> ,,iii4 ,,! ,,diet ,,( ,,old] ,,*ildr5 ,milk & ,cream ,eggs ,meats & ,fi% ,vegetables ,c]eals ,bro?s & ,s\ps ,bread1 ,crack]s1 & ,cakes ,dess]ts ,fruits ,indige/ion 9 ,old] ,*ildr5 ,g5]al ,rules to be ,obs]v$ 9 ,fe$+ ,food ,=mulas ,,iv4 ,,miscellane\s ,b[els ,sleep ,ex]cise ,cry ,lift+ ,*ildr5 ,temp]ature ,n]v\sness ,toys ,kiss+ ,convulsions ,=eign ,bodies ,colic ,e>a*e ,cr\p ,contagi\s ,diseases ,scurvy ,con/ipation ,di>rhoea ,bad ,habits ,vacc9ation ,weight ,*>ts ,,! ,,c>e ,,& ,,fe$+ ,,( ,,*ildr5 ,,"p ,i ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,*ildr5 ,,ba?+ ,at :at age may a *ild be giv5 a full tub ba?8 ,usually :5 t5 days old2 x %\ld n be giv5 be=e ! cord has come (f4 ,h[ %\ld ! ba? be giv58 ,x %\ld n be giv5 soon] ?an "o h\r aft] fe$+4 ,! room %\ld be w>m2 if possible !re %\ld be an op5 fire4 ,! head & face %\ld fir/ be wa%$ & dri$2 !n ! body %\ld be soap$ & ! infant plac$ 9 ! tub ) its body well support$ by ! h& ( ! nurse4 ,! ba? %\ld be giv5 quickly1 & ! body dri$ rapidly ) a s(t t[el1 b ) v little rubb+4 ,at :at temp]ature %\ld ! ba? be giv58 ,= ! fir/ few weeks at #ajj deg4 ,f42 lat]1 dur+ e>ly infancy1 at #ih deg4 ,f42 aft] six mon?s1 at #ie deg4 ,f42 dur+ ! second ye>1 f #he deg4 to #ij deg4 ,f4 ,) :at %\ld ! ba? be giv58 ,s(t sponges are useful = ba?+ ! body1 limbs & scalp4 ,!re %\ld be a sep>ate wa%-clo? = ! face & ano!r = ! buttocks4 ,:at are ! objections to ba? sponges8 ,:5 us$ frequ5tly1 !y become v dirty & are liable to cause infection ( ! eyes1 m\? or g5ital organs4 ,"u :at circum/ances %\ld ! daily tub ba? be omitt$8 ,9 ! case ( v feeble or delicate infants on acc\nt ( ! exposure & fatigue1 & 9 all =ms ( acute illness except by direction ( ! physician4 ,9 eczema & _m o!r =ms ( sk9 disease mu* h>m is (t5 done by ba?+ ) soap & wat]1 or ev5 ) wat] alone4 ,,g5ital ,,organs ,h[ %\ld ! g5ital organs ( a female *ild be cleans$8 ,be/ ) fre% absorb5t cotton & tepid wat]1 or a solution ( boric acid1 two teaspoonfuls to ! p9t4 ,?is %\ld be done c>efully at lea/ once a day4 ,if any dis*>ge is pres5t1 ! boric-acid solution %\ld inv>iably be us$ twice a day4 ,great c>e is necess>y at all times to prev5t infection :i* (t5 arises f soil$ napk9s4 ,h[ %\ld ! g5ital organs ( a male *ild be cleans$8 ,9 infancy & e>ly *ildhood ! =esk9 %\ld be pu%$ back at lea/ twice a week :ile ! *ild is 9 8 ba?1 & ! p>ts ?us expos$ wa%$ g5tly ) absorb5t cotton & wat]4 ,if ! =esk9 is tightly adh]5t & _c readily be pu%$ back1 ! physician's att5tion %\ld be call$ to x4 ,! nurse or "m %\ld n attempt =cible /ret*+4 ,:5 is circumcision advisable8 ,usually1 :5 ! =esk9 is v long & s tight t x _c be pu%$ back )\t =ce2 always1 :5 ?is condition is accompani$ by evid5ces ( local irritation or difficulty 9 pass+ wat]4 ,,eyes ,h[ %\ld ! eyes ( a little baby be cleans$8 ,) a piece ( s(t l95 or absorb5t cotton & a lukew>m solution ( salt or boric acid1--"o half ( an ev5 teaspoonful to "o p9t ( wat]4 ,if pus appe>s 9 ! eyes1 :at %\ld be done8 ,!y %\ld be cleans$ e h\r ) a solution ( boric acid 7t5 gra9s to "o ounce ( wat]74 ,if ! lids /ick toge!r1 a little vasel9e f a tube %\ld be rubb$ ^u !m at night4 ,if ! tr\ble is slight1 ?is treatm5t w control x2 if x is sev]e1 a physician %\ld be call$ imm$iately1 z delay may result 9 loss ( eyesight4 ,,m\? ,h[ is an infant's m\? to be cleans$8 ,an excell5t me?od is by ! use ( a swab made by twi/+ a bit ( absorb5t cotton ^u a wood5 too?pick4 ,) ?is ! folds betwe5 ! gums & lips & *eeks may be g5tly & c>efully cleans$ twice a day unless ! m\? is sore4 ,x is n necess>y aft] e fe$+4 ,! f+] ( ! nurse1 (t5 employ$1 is too l>ge & liable to injure ! delicate muc\s membrane4 ,:at is sprue8 ,x appe>s on ! lips & inside ! *eeks l little :ite ?reads or flakes4 ,x is also call$ ?ru%4 ,9 bad cases x may cov] ! tongue & ! :ole ( ! inside ( ! m\?4 ,h[ %\ld a m\? be cleans$ :5 !re is sprue8 ,x %\ld be wa%$ c>efully aft] e fe$+ or nurs+ ) a solution ( borax or bic>bonate ( soda 7bak+ soda71 "o ev5 teaspoonful to ?ree ounces ( wat]1 & f\r times a day ! boric-acid solution m5tion$ %\ld be us$4 ,,sk9 ,h[ %\ld ! infant's sk9 be c>$ = to prev5t *af+8 ,fir/1 n too mu* nor too /rong soap %\ld be us$2 secondly1 c>eful r9s+ ( ! body2 ?irdly1 n too vigor\s rubb+1 ei!r dur+ or aft] ! ba?2 f\r?ly1 ! use ( du/+ p[d] 9 all ! folds ( ! sk91--"u ! arms1 beh9d ! e>s1 ab\t ! neck1 9 ! gro91 etc4 ,?is is ( ! utmo/ importance 9 v fat infants4 ,if ! sk9 is v s5sitive & *af+ easily produc$1 :at %\ld be done8 ,no soap %\ld be us$1 b bran or salt ba?s giv5 in/ead4 ,h[ %\ld a bran ba? be prep>$8 ,"o p9t ( :eat bran %\ld be plac$ 9 a bag ( co>se musl9 or *eese-clo?1 & ?is put 9 ! ba? wat]4 ,x %\ld !n be squeez$ = five m9utes until ! wat] resembles a ?9 porridge4 ,h[ %\ld a salt ba? be prep>$8 ,a teacupful ( common salt or sea salt %\ld be us$ to ea* two gallons ( wat]4 ,h[ %\ld ! buttocks be c>$ =8 ,?is is ! mo/ common place = *af+1 z ! p>ts are s frequ5tly wet & soil$2 h5ce ! utmo/ pa9s %\ld be tak5 t all napk9s be remov$ z soon z !y are wet or soil$1 & ! p>ts kept scrupul\sly clean4 ,if ! p>ts h become *af$1 :at %\ld be done8 ,only bran & salt ba?s %\ld be us$1 & 9 v sev]e cases ev5 ^! may h to be omitt$ = a day or two4 ,! p>ts may be cleans$ ) sweet oil & a little absorb5t cotton1 & ! sk9 kept cov]$ ) a du/+ p[d] compos$ ( />* two p>ts1 boric acid "o "p4 ,:at is prickly heat1 & h[ is x produc$8 ,x consi/s ( f9e r$ pimples1 & is caus$ by excessive p]spiration & ! irritation ( flannel und]clo?+4 ,h[ %\ld x be treat$8 ,musl9 or l95 %\ld be put next to ! sk92 ! entire body %\ld be spong$ frequ5tly ) equal p>ts ( v9eg> & wat]1 & pl5ty ( ! />* & boric-acid p[d] m5tion$ %\ld be us$4 ,,clo?+ ,:at are ! mo/ ess5tial ?+s 9 ! clo?+ ( infants8 ,t ! *e/ %all be cov]$ ) s(t flannel1 ! limbs well protect$ b n conf9$1 & ! abdom5 support$ by a broad flannel b&1 :i* %\ld be snug b n too tight4 ,x is important t ! clo?+ %\ld fit ! body4 ,if x is too tight x int]f]es ) ! free movem5ts ( ! *e/ 9 brea?+1 & by press+ ^u ! /oma* sometimes causes ! infant to vomit soon aft] swall[+ its food4 ,if ! clo?+ is too loose x is soon ?r[n into deep folds or bun*es1 :i* cause mu* discom=t4 ,no p9s %\ld be us$1 b1 in/ead all b&s ab\t ! body %\ld be ba/$4 ,! petticoats %\ld be support$ by %\ld] /raps4 ,h[ %\ld ! infant be held dur+ dress+ & undress+8 ,no?+ is m awkw>d ?an to attempt to dress a "y baby 9 a sitt+ po/ure4 ,x %\ld lie ^u ! nurse's lap until q old en\gh to sit alone1 ! clo?+ be+ drawn ov] ! *ild's feet1 n slipp$ ov] ! head4 ,( :at use is ! b&8 ,x protects ! abdom51 b its mo/ important use is to support ! abdom9al walls 9 v "y infants1 & 9 ?is way to prev5t ! occurr5ce ( rupture4 ,h[ long is ?is b& requir$8 ,! snug flannel b&1 n usually m ?an f\r mon?s4 ,9 heal?y infants ?is may !n be replac$ by ! knitt$ b&1 :i* may be worn up to eighte5 mon?s4 ,! b& is an important article ( dress 9 ! case ( ?9 infants ^: abdom9al organs are n suffici5tly protect$ by fat4 ,) su*1 or ) ^? prone to di>rhoea1 x is (t5 advisable to cont9ue ! b& until ! ?ird ye>4 ,:at *anges are to be made 9 ! clo?+ ( infants 9 ! summ]8 ,only ! ?9ne/ gauze flannel und]%irts %\ld be worn1 & *anges 9 temp]ature %\ld be met by *anges 9 ! out] g>m5ts4 ,! greate/ c>e %\ld be tak5 t *ildr5 are n kept too hot 9 ! middle ( ! day1 :ile extra wraps %\ld be us$ morn+ & ev5+1 especially at ! sea%ore or 9 ! m\nta9s4 ,%\ld old] *ildr5 be all[$ to g ) _! legs b>e8 ,if /rong & well !re is no objection to ?is 9 v hot wea!r4 ,9 cold wea!r1 h[ev]1 x is d\btful if any *ildr5 are b5efit$ by x1 p>ticul>ly 9 a *angeable climate l t ( ,new ,york4 ,_m delicate *ildr5 are c]ta9ly injur$ by su* attempts at h>d5+4 ,:at sort ( und]clo?+ %\ld be worn dur+ cold wea!r8 ,nev] ! heavie/ weight1 ev5 9 w9t]4 ,f\r grades are usually sold1 ! next to ! heavie/ be+ ?ick en\gh = any *ild4 ,d little *ildr5 require z heavy flannels z old] p8 ,n z a rule4 ,!y usually live 9 a w>m nurs]y2 _! circulation is active2 & !y always p]spire easily dur+ _! play4 ,:5 !y g out ( doors1 ! addition ( coats & legg+s r5d]s ?ick flannels unnecess>y4 ,are n _m little *ildr5 clo!d too ?9ly = ! ord9>y h\se8 ,v few4 ,! almo/ inv>iable mi/ake made 9 city homes is t ( excessive clo?+ & too w>m rooms4 ,^! two ?+s are among ! mo/ frequ5t reasons = _! tak+ cold s easily4 ,,napk9s ,h[ %\ld napk9s be tak5 c>e (8 ,!y %\ld he imm$iately remov$ f ! nurs]y :5 soil$ or wet4 ,soil$ napk9s %\ld be kept 9 a receptacle ) a tight cov]1 & wa%$ z soon z possible4 ,%\ld napk9s :i* h be5 only wet be us$ a second "t )\t wa%+8 ,x is no d\bt bett] to use only fre% napk9s1 b !re is no s]i\s objection to us+ !m twice unless !re is *af+ ( ! sk94 ,clean napk9s1 *ang$ z soon z wet or soil$1 are ( mu* importance 9 keep+ ! sk9 heal?y4 ,:at are ! important ?+s to be obs]v$ 9 wa%+ napk9s8 ,soil$ napk9s %\ld n be all[$ to dry1 b %\ld receive a r\gh wa%+ at once2 !y %\ld !n be kept 9 soak 9 pla9 wat] until a conv5i5t "t = wa%+1--at lea/ once e day1--:5 !y %\ld be wa%$ 9 hot suds & boil$ at lea/ fifte5 m9utes4 ,aft]w>d !y %\ld be v ?or\ghly r9s$ or !y may irritate ! sk91 & iron$ )\t />* or blue+4 ,!y %\ld nev] be us$ :5 clamp4 ,,nurs]y ,:at are ! ess5tials 9 a good nurs]y8 ,! furni%+s %\ld be v simple1 & unnecess>y hang+s & uphol/]$ furniture %\ld be exclud$4 ,z l>ge a room z possible %\ld be select$--"o t is well v5tilat$1 & always "o 9 :i* ! sun %9es at "s "p ( ! day1 z x %\ld be rememb]$ t an av]age *ild sp5ds "h at lea/ ?ree f\r?s ( its "t dur+ ! fir/ ye>4 ,! nurs]y %\ld h d>k %ades at ! w9d[s1 b no extra hang+s or curta9s2 ab\t ! baby's crib no?+ b :at c be wa%$ %\ld be all[$4 ,! air %\ld be kept z fre% & z pure z possible4 ,!re %\ld be no plumb+ no dry+ ( napk9s or clo!s1 no cook+ ( food1 & no gas burn+ at night4 ,a small wax night-light answ]s e purpose4 ,h[ %\ld a nurs]y be heat$8 ,be/ by an op5 fire2 next to ?is by a ,frankl9 /ove4 ,! ord9>y hot-air furnace ( cities has _m objections1 b x is n s bad z /eam heat f a radiator 9 ! room4 ,a gas /ove is ev5 worse ?an ?is1 & %\ld nev] be us$1 except1 p]haps1 = a few m9utes dur+ ! morn+ ba?4 ,at :at temp]ature %\ld a nurs]y be kept dur+ ! day8 ,be/1 #ff deg4 to #fh deg4 ,f41 measur$ by a !rmomet] hang+ ?ree feet f ! floor4 ,nev] %\ld ! temp]ature be all[$ to g above #gj deg4 ,f4 ,at :at temp]ature dur+ ! night8 ,dur+ ! fir/ two or ?ree mon?s1 n bel[ #fe deg4 ,f4 ,aft] ?ree mon?s ! temp]ature may g z l[ z #ee deg4 ,f4 ,aft] ! fir/ ye> x may be #ej deg4 or ev5 #de deg4 ,f4 ,at :at age may ! w9d[ be left op5 at night8 ,usually aft] ! ?ird mon?1 except :5 ! outside temp]ature is bel[ freez+ po9t4 ,h[ (t5 %\ld ! nurs]y be air$8 ,at lea/ twice a day--9 ! morn+ aft] ! *ild's ba?1 & aga9 9 ! ev5+ be=e ! *ild is put to b$ = ! night4 ,?is %\ld be done ?or\ghly1 & ! *ild %\ld be remov$ mean:ile to ano!r ap>tm5t4 ,x is well to air ! nurs]y :5ev] ! *ild is out ( ! room4 ,:at symptoms are se5 9 a *ild :o is kept 9 too hot a room8 ,x becomes pale1 loses appetite1 %[s symptoms ( indige/ion1 occasionally vomits1 /ops ga9+ 9 weight1 p]spires v mu*1 & takes cold easily because ( ?is & also because ( ! great diff]5ce betwe5 ! indoor & outdoor temp]atures4 ,its condition may be su* z to lead "o to suspect v s]i\s illness4 ,,air+ ,h[ e>ly may air+ indoors he comm5c$ & h[ long may x be cont9u$8 ,air+ 9 ! room may be begun1 ev5 9 cold wea!r1 :5 ! *ild is "o mon? old1 at fir/ = only fifte5 m9utes at a "t4 ,?is p]iod may be gradually l5g!n$ by t5 or fifte5 m9utes ea* day until x is f\r or five h\rs4 ,?is air+ may be cont9u$ 9 almo/ all k9ds ( wea!r4 ,is !re n great dang] ( a "y baby's tak+ cold :5 air$ 9 ?is mann]8 ,n if ! p]iod is at fir/ %ort & ! baby accu/om$ to x gradually4 ,in/ead ( r5d]+ ! *ild liable to take cold1 x is ! be/ means ( prev5t+ colds4 ,h[ %\ld su* an air+ be giv58 ,! *ild %\ld be dress$ ) bonnet & light coat z if = ! /reet & plac$ 9 its crib or c>riage :i* %\ld /& a few feet f ! w9d[ ,all ! w9d[s are !n ?r[n wide op51 b ! doors clos$ to prev5t draughts4 ,scre5s are unnecess>y4 ,at :at age may a *ild g out ( doors8 ,9 summ]1 :5 "o week old2 9 spr+ & fall1 usually at ab\t "o mon?2 9 w9t]1 :5 ab\t ?ree mon?s old1 on pleasant days1 be+ kept 91 ! sun & out ( ! w9d4 ,:at are ! be/ h\rs = air+ out ( doors8 ,9 summ] & e>ly autumn a *ild may be out almo/ any "t betwe5 sev5 9 ! morn+ & sunset2 9 w9t] & e>ly spr+1 a "y *ild only betwe5 #aj or #aa ,a4,m4 & #c ,p4,m41 al?\gh ?is dep5ds some:at ^u ! climate4 ,9 ,new ,york & along ! ,atlantic coa/ ! e>ly morn+s are apt to be damp & ! aft]noons raw & cl\dy4 ,on :at k9d ( days %\ld a baby n g out8 ,9 %>p w9ds1 :5 ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) melt+ sn[1 & :5 x is extremely cold4 ,a *ild "u f\r mon?s old %\ld n usually g out if ! !rmomet] is bel[ freez+ po9t2 nor "o "u eight mon?s old if x is bel[ #bj deg4 ,f4 ,:at are ! mo/ important ?+s to be att5d$ to :5 ! *ild is out 9 its c>riage8 ,to see t ! w9d nev] bl[s 9 its face1 t its feet are prop]ly cov]$ & w>m1 & t ! sun is nev] all[$ to %9e directly into its eyes :5 ! *ild is ei!r asleep or awake4 ,( :at advantage to ! *ild is go+ out8 ,fre% air is requir$ to r5ew & purify ! blood1 & ?is is j z necess>y = heal? & gr[? z prop] food4 ,:at are ! effects produc$ 9 infants by fre% air8 ,! appetite is improv$1 ! dige/ion is bett]1 ! *eeks become r$1 & all signs ( heal? are se54 ,is !re any advantage 9 hav+ a *ild take its air+ dur+ ! fir/ five or six mon?s 9 ! nurse's arms8 ,none :atev]4 ,a *ild c be made mu* m com=table 9 a baby c>riage1 & c be equally well protect$ aga9/ exposure by blankets & ! c>riage umbrella4 ,:at are ! objections to an infant's sleep+ out ( doors8 ,!re are no real objections4 ,x is n true t infants take cold m easily :5 asleep ?an awake1 :ile x is almo/ inv>iably ! case t ^? :o sleep out ( doors are /rong] *ildr5 & less prone to take cold ?an o!rs4 ,:at c be done = *ildr5 :o take cold ^u ! slighte/ provocation8 ,!y %\ld be kept 9 cool rooms1 especially :5 asleep ,!y %\ld n we> su* heavy clo?+ t !y are 9 a p]spiration mu* ( ! "t4 ,e morn+ ! body1 p>ticul>ly ! *e/ & back1 %\ld be spong$ ) cold wat] 7#ej deg4 to #fj deg4 ,f474 ,h[ %\ld ?is cold sponge ba? be giv58 ,! *ild %\ld /& 9 a tub conta9+ a little w>m wat]1 & a l>ge ba? sponge fill$ ) cold wat] %\ld be squeez$ two or ?ree times ov] ! body4 ,?is %\ld be foll[$ by a vigor\s rubb+ ) a t[el until ! sk9 is q r$4 ,?is may be us$ at ?ree ye>s1 & (t5 at two ye>s4 ,= infants a little high] temp]ature 7#fe deg4 to #gj deg47 may be us$4 ,,weight1 ,,gr[?1 ,,& ,,developm5t ,( :at importance is ! weight ( ! *ild8 ,no?+ else tells s accurately h[ well x is ?riv+4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> a record ( ! weight is almo/ indisp5sable2 ?r\gh\t *ildhood x is ( mu* int]e/ & is ! be/ guide to ! physical condition4 ,x w well repay any "m or nurse to keep su* a record4 ,h[ frequ5tly %\ld a *ild be weigh$8 ,e week dur+ ! fir/ six mon?s1 & at lea/ once 9 two weeks dur+ ! la/ six mon?s ( ! fir/ ye>4 ,dur+ ! second ye> a *ild %\ld be weigh$ at lea/ once a mon?4 ,h[ rapidly %\ld an infant ga9 9 weight dur+ ! fir/ ye>8 ,!re is usually a loss dur+ ! fir/ week ( f f\r to eight ounces2 aft] ?is a heal?y *ild %\ld ga9 f f\r to eight ounces a week up to ab\t ! six? mon?4 ,f six to twelve mon?s ! ga9 is less1 usually f two to f\r ounces a week4 ,is x to be expect$ t bottle-f$ infants w ga9 z rapidly z ^? :o are nurs$8 ,!y seldom d s dur+ ! fir/ mon?2 aft] t "t "u fav\rable circum/ances ! ga9 is usually q z regul>1 & dur+ ! latt] half ( ! fir/ ye> x is likely to be m cont9u\s ?an 9 a nurs+ infant1 because ! latt] usually loses weight at ! "t ( wean+4 ,:y d !y n ga9 s rapidly at fir/8 ,x takes a few weeks = ! /oma* to become accu/om$ to c['s milk1 & until ?is is accompli%$ x is necess>y to make ! milk v weak or ! *ild's dige/ion w be upset4 ,= a *ild ( av]age weight at bir? 7sev5 to sev5 & a half p\nds7 :at %\ld be ! weight at ! diff]5t p]iods dur+ ! fir/ ye>8 ,at ?ree mon?s x %\ld be twelve to ?irte5 p\nds2 at six mon?s1 fifte5 to sixte5 p\nds2 at n9e mon?s1 sev5te5 to eighte5 p\nds2 at "o ye>1 tw5ty to tw5ty-two p\nds4 ,at five mon?s a heal?y *ild w usually d\ble its weight1 & at twelve mon?s x w ne>ly treble its weight4 ,d all heal?y infants ga9 /eadily 9 weight dur+ ! fir/ ye>8 ,z a rule !y d2 yet x is seldom ! case t "o ga9s e week = ! entire ye>4 ,) mo/ infants !re are f "t to "t p]iods ( a few weeks 9 :i* no ga9 is made4 ,^! are m (t5 se5 f ! sev5? to ! t5? mon? & frequ5tly occur :5 ! *ild is cutt+ tee?1 sometimes dur+ v hot wea!r4 ,is x true t e infant :o ga9s rapidly 9 weight is ?riv+ normally8 ,n inv>iably4 ,"s :o are f$ ^u prep>$ infant foods increase rapidly 9 weight b n 9 /r5g?1 nor 9 _! developm5t 9 o!r respects4 ,is ! weight ( z mu* value 9 ! second ye> z a guide to ! *ild's condition8 ,aft] ! fir/ ye>1 ! ga9 9 weight is seldom cont9u\s2 !re are _m int]ruptions1 "s dep5d on season1 & o!rs (t5 occur )\t app>5t cause4 ,at :at age %\ld ! fontanel close8 ,! av]age is ab\t eighte5 mon?s4 ,x seldom closes e>li] ?an f\rte5 mon?s1 & x %\ld n be op5 at two ye>s4 ,at :at age %\ld a *ild hold up its head8 ,z a rule dur+ ! f\r? mon?1 & (t5 dur+ ! ?ird mon?1 ! head c be held erect :5 ! body is support$4 ,:5 does an infant fir/ laugh al\d8 ,usually f ! ?ird to ! fif? mon?4 ,:5 does x beg9 to rea* = toys & h&le !m8 ,usually f ! fif? to ! sev5? mon?4 ,at :at age %\ld a *ild be able to sit & to /& alone8 ,at sev5 or eight mon?s a heal?y *ild is usually able to sit erect & support ! body4 ,dur+ ! n9? & t5? mon?s are usually se5 ! fir/ attempts to be> ! weight ^u ! feet1 & at elev5 or twelve mon?s mo/ *ildr5 c /& ) assi/ance4 ,:5 %\ld a *ild walk alone8 ,! fir/ attempts are g5]ally se5 9 ! twelf? or ?irte5? mon?4 ,at fifte5 or sixte5 mon?s ! av]age *ild is able to run alone4 ,:at conditions po/pone ^! ev5ts8 ,prematurity1 a v delicate con/itution1 any sev]e or prolong$ illness1 & especially *ronic di/urbances ( dige/ion mak+ fe$+ difficult4 ,a common cause ( late sitt+1 /&+1 or walk+ is rickets4 ,%\ld a *ild be urg$ to walk8 ,nev]2 he is usually q will+ to d s z soon z 8 muscles & bones are /rong en\gh4 ,none ( ! contrivances = tea*+ *ildr5 to walk are to be advis$4 ,:5 d *ildr5 beg9 to talk8 ,g5]ally at "o ye> a *ild c say papa & mamma or o!r s+le words4 ,at ! end ( ! second ye> ! av]age *ild is able to put words toge!r 9 %ort s5t5ces4 ,if at two ye>s ! *ild makes no attempt to speak1 :at %\ld be suspect$8 ,ei!r t ! *ild is a deaf-mute or t x is m5tally defici5t1 al?\gh ?is is occasionally se5 9 *ildr5 :o are only v backw>d4 ,table %[+ ! ,av]age ,weight1 ,height1 & ,circumf]5ce ( ,head & ,*e/ ( ,boys#a ,at bir? ,weight #g-a_/b p\nds4 ,height #bj-a_/b in*es4 ,*e/ #ac-a_/b ,head #ad ,"o ye> ,weight #ba p\nds4 ,height #bi in*es4 ,*e/ #ah ,head #ah ,two ye>s ,weight #bf-a_/b p\nds4 ,height #cb-a_/b in*es4 ,*e/ #ai ,head #ai ,?ree ye>s ,weight #ca p\nds4 ,height #ce in*es4 ,*e/ #bj ,head #ai-a_/b ,f\r ye>s ,weight #ce p\nds4 ,height #ch in*es4 ,*e/ #bj-c_/d ,head #ai-c_/d ,five ye>s ,weight #da p\nds4 ,height #da-a_/b in*es4 ,*e/ #ba-a_/b ,head #bj-a_/b ,six ye>s ,weight #de p\nds4 ,height #dd in*es4 ,*e/ #bc ,sev5 ye>s ,weight #di-a_/b p\nds4 ,height #df in*es4 ,*e/ #bc-a_/b ,eight ye>s ,weight #ed-a_/b p\nds4 ,height #dh in*es4 ,*e/ #bd-a_/b ,n9e ye>s ,weight #fj p\nds4 ,height #ej in*es4 ,*e/ 4 #be ,t5 ye>s ,weight #ff-a_/b p\nds4 ,height #eb in*es4 ,*e/ #bf ,! above weights are ) ord9>y h\se clo!s4 #a ,weights = ! fir/ f\r ye>s are )\t clo!s4 ,! weight ( girls is on ! av]age ab\t "o p\nd less ?an boys4 ,!y are ab\t ! same 9 height4 ,*>ts %[+ weight curve = ! fir/ ye>1 & f "o ye> to f\rte5 ye>s are giv5 at ! end ( ?is book4 ,,d5tition ,h[ _m tee? are !re 9 ! fir/ set8 ,tw5ty4 ,:at is ! "t ( _! appe>ance8 ,! two c5tral l[] tee? are usually ! fir/ to appe>1 & come f ! fif? to ! n9? mon?2 next are ! f\r upp] c5tral tee?1 :i* come f ! eigh? to ! twelf? mon?4 ,! o!r two l[] c5tral tee? & ! f\r front d\ble tee? come f ! twelf? to ! eighte5? mon?4 ,!n foll[ ! f\r can9e tee?1 ! two upp] ones be+ kn[n z ! eye tee?1 & ! two l[] z ! /oma* tee?2 !y g5]ally come betwe5 ! eighte5? & ! tw5ty-f\r? mon?4 ,! f\r back d\ble tee?1 :i* complete ! fir/ set1 come betwe5 ! tw5ty-f\r? & ?irtie? mon?4 ,at "o ye> a *ild usually has six tee?4 ,at "o & a half ye>s1 twelve tee?4 ,at two ye>s1 sixte5 tee?4 ,at two & a half ye>s1 tw5ty tee?4 ,:at are ! causes ( v>iation8 ,! "t ( appe>ance ( ! tee? v>ies 9 diff]5t families2 9 "s !y come v e>ly1 9 o!rs mu* lat]4 ,! tee? may come late z a result ( prolong$ illness & also f rickets4 ,:at symptoms are commonly se5 ) tee?+8 ,9 heal?y *ildr5 !re is v (t5 fretfulness & poor sleep = two or ?ree nights2 !re may be loss ( appetite1 s t only "o half ! usual am\nt ( food is tak52 !re is salivation or drool+1 & (t5 slight fev]2 !re may be "s symptoms ( indige/ion1 su* z vomit+ or ! appe>ance ( undige/$ food 9 ! /ools4 ,9 delicate *ildr5 all ^! symptoms may be mu* m sev]e4 ,h[ long d ^! symptoms la/8 ,usually only ?ree or f\r days2 b !re may be no ga9 9 weight = two or ?ree weeks4 ,:at is ! cause ( mo/ ( ! o!r symptoms attribut$ to tee?+8 ,ne>ly all ( !m come f indige/ion due to bad fe$+4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,infant ,,fe$+ ,:at is ! be/ infant food8 ,"m's milk4 ,( :at is "m's milk compos$8 ,?irte5 p>ts solids & eighty-sev5 p>ts wat]4 ,:at are ! solids8 ,fat1 sug>1 proteids1 & salts4 ,:at is ! fat8 ,! cream4 ,:at is ! sug>8 ,x is lactose1 or milk sug>4 ,:at are ! proteids8 ,! curd ( ! milk4 ,are all ^! elem5ts necess>y8 ,yes2 we _c expect to re> a heal?y infant unless !y are all 9 8 food4 ,( :at use is ! fat8 ,x is ne$$ = ! gr[? ( ! bones1 ! n]ves1 ! fat ( ! body1 & ! production ( heat4 ,( :at use is ! sug>8 ,x is ne$$ = ! production ( heat1 & to make fat 9 ! body4 ,( :at use are ! proteids8 ,!y are ne$$ = ! gr[? ( ! cells ( ! body1 su* z ^? ( ! blood1 ! v>i\s organs1 & ! muscles4 ,( :at use are ! salts8 ,p>ticul>ly = ! gr[? ( bone4 ,( :at use is ! wat]8 ,by means ( ! wat] ! food is kept 9 a /ate ( m9ute subdivision or 9 solution1 s t ! delicate organs ( a "y infant c dige/ x4 ,x is also necess>y to enable ! body to get rid ( its wa/e4 ,,nurs+ ,%\ld all mo!rs attempt to nurse _! *ildr58 ,z a rule !y %\ld d s1 b !re are _m conditions :5 !y %\ld n4 ,:at are ! mo/ important ones8 ,if ! "m has or has _h tub]culosis or any o!r s]i\s *ronic disease1 or is h]self 9 v delicate heal?1 %e %\ld n try4 ,%e is likely soon to fail 9 n\ri%+ h] *ild1 & ! attempt may d h]self mu* h>m z well z injure ! *ild4 ,h[ (t5 %\ld infants be nurs$ dur+ ! fir/ two days ( life8 ,usually only f\r or five times daily1 s9ce !re is v little milk secret$ at ?is "t4 ,:5 does ! milk come 9 abundance8 ,usually on ! ?ird day1 sometimes n until ! f\r? or fif? day4 ,%\ld ! infant be f$ any?+ additional dur+ ! fir/ two days8 ,usually n2 if mu* food 7 necess>y1 we may be sure ,nature w\ld h provid$ x4 ,wat]1 h[ev]1 %\ld be giv5 regul>ly4 ,h[ frequ5tly %\ld an infant be nurs$ dur+ ! fir/ week8 ,aft] ! ?ird day1 e two h\rs dur+ ! day & twice dur+ ! night4 ,! frequ5cy dur+ ! re/ ( ! fir/ ye> is giv5 9 ! foll[+ table3 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,,p]iod4 ,nurs+s 9 ,int]val ,night nurs+s #bd h\rs4 by day4 7#aj ,p4,m4 to #f ,a4,m474 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #a/ & #b;d day #d #f h\rs4 #a #c days to #f weeks #aj #b #b #f weeks to #c mon?s #h #b-a_/b #b #c to #e mon?s #g #c #a #e to #ab mon?s #f #c #j ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,h[ long %\ld ! *ild be kept at ! brea/ = "o nurs+8 ,n ov] tw5ty m9utes4 ,%\ld ! *ild take bo? brea/s at "o nurs+8 ,if ! milk is v abundant "o brea/ may be suffici5t1 o!rwise bo? brea/s may be tak54 ,:at are ! important ?+s to be att5d$ to 9 nurs+8 ,fir/1 regul>ity2 x is j z important z 9 ! case ( bottle-fe$+4 ,secondly1 ! nipples %\ld be kept clean by be+ wa%$ aft] e nurs+4 ,:at %\ld be ! diet ( a nurs+ "m8 ,%e %\ld h a simple b g5]\s diet ) pl5ty ( fluids2 ?ree regul> meals may be giv5 & gruel1 milk1 or cocoa at b$-"t & sometimes betwe5 meals4 ,%e may take eggs1 c]eals1 mo/ s\ps1 & ne>ly all vegetables1 avoid+ s\r fruits1 salads1 pa/ry1 & mo/ dess]ts4 ,meat %\ld n be tak5 m ?an twice daily1 & 9 _m cases b once4 ,%e %\ld take b little tea or c(fee1 & ord9>ily no w9e or be]4 ,are fruits likely to di/urb a nurs+ infant8 ,s\r fruits 9 "s cases may d s1 b sweet fruits & mo/ cook$ fruits are useful4 ,:at else is important 9 ! life ( ! nurs+ "m8 ,%e %\ld lead a simple natural life2 %\ld h regul> out-(-door ex]cise1 pref]ably walk+ or driv+1 z soon aft] h] conf9em5t z h] condition w p]mit4 ,%e %\ld h regul> movem5ts f ! b[els daily4 ,%e %\ld be z free z possible f unnecess>y c>es & worry2 h] re/ at night %\ld be di/urb$ z little z possible2 %e %\ld lie d[n = at lea/ "o h\r 9 ! middle ( ! day4 ,does ! n]v\s condition ( ! "m affect ! milk8 ,v mu* m ?an h] diet2 worry1 anxiety1 fatigue1 loss ( sleep1 h\sehold c>es1 social dissipation etc41 h m ?an any?+ else to d ) ! failure ( ! mod]n "m z a nurse4 ,uncontroll$ emotions1 grief1 excitem5t1 fright1 passion1 may cause milk to disagree ) ! *ild2 at times !y may excite acute illness1 & at o!r times !y may cause a sudd5 & complete disappe>ance ( ! milk4 ,does m5/ruation affect ! milk8 ,9 ne>ly all cases ! quantity ( milk is less5$ s t ! infant is n satisfi$ & may ga9 less 9 weight or n at all4 ,9 _m cases ! quality ( ! milk is also affect$ to su* a degree z to cause slight di/urbances ( dige/ion1 su* z re/lessness1 colic1 & p]haps "s d]angem5t ( ! b[els4 ,9 a few1 attacks ( acute indige/ion are excit$4 ,is regul> m5/ruation a reason = /opp+ nurs+8 ,n inv>iably2 z a rule bo? functions d n g on toge!r4 ,b if ! *ild is ga9+ regul>ly 9 weight betwe5 ! p]iods1 nurs+ may be cont9u$ indef9itely1 al?\gh x may be well to fe$ ! infant :olly or 9 "p dur+ ! fir/ day or two t ! "m is unwell4 ,:at symptoms indicate t a nurs+ infant is well n\ri%$8 ,! *ild has a good col\r1 sleeps = two or ?ree h\rs aft] nurs+1 or1 if awake1 is quiet1 good-natur$1 & app>5tly com=table4 ,x has normal movem5ts ( ! b[els & ga9s /eadily 9 weight4 ,:at symptoms indicate t a *ild :o is nurs+ is n prop]ly n\ri%$8 ,x does n ga9 & may ev5 lose 9 weight4 ,x no long] exhibits its usual en]gy & playfulness1 b is ei!r li/less & indiff]5t or cross1 fretful & irritable1 & is apt to sleep poorly4 ,x gr[s pale & anaemic & its tissues become s(t & flabby4 ,:5 ! milk is scanty x w (t5 nurse a long "t at ! brea/s1 sometimes ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r1 be=e /opp+4 ,at o!r times x may take ! brea/ = a mom5t only1 & !n turn away 9 app>5t disgu/4 ,:at %\ld be done :5 su* symptoms appe>8 ,?is dep5ds ^u ! sev]ity ( ! symptoms & h[ long !y h la/$4 ,if ! *ild has made no ga9 = ?ree or f\r weeks1 or is los+ weight1 imm$iate wean+ w probably be necess>y2 9 any case1 o!r food 9 addition to ! brea/ milk %\ld be giv5 at once4 ,"o may beg9 by alt]nat+ ! nurs+ & ! bottle-fe$+ & increase ! numb] ( bottle-fe$+s z may be indicat$ by ! results4 ,is !re any objection to a baby be+ p>tly nurs$ & p>tly f$8 ,none :atev]2 x is (t5 bett] f ! outset to fe$ ! baby dur+ ! night1 9 ord] n to di/urb ! "m's re/4 ,:at symptoms indicate t ! "m's milk disagrees ) ! *ild8 ,! *ild suff]s f almo/ con/ant discom=t sleeps2 little & !n re/lessly1 cries a great deal1 bel*es gas f ! /oma*1 & passes mu* by ! b[els1 or if n pass$1 ! gas accumulates & causes abdom9al di/5tion & colicky pa94 ,!re may be vomit+1 b m (t5 ! tr\ble is inte/9al4 ,sometimes ! b[els are con/ipat$1 b usually ! movem5ts are frequ5t1 loose1 gre51 conta9 mucus & are pass$ ) mu* gas4 ,:at %\ld be done "u ^! circum/ances8 ,if ! symptoms h p]si/$ = two or ?ree weeks & ! *ild is n ga9+ 9 weight1 !re is little *ance ( improvem5t1 & ! *ild %\ld be tak5 f ! brea/ at once4 ,if !re is "s ga9 9 weight1 "o may try = a little long]1 endeav\r+ to improve ! "m's milk by re/1 fre% air1 c>eful diet1 etc4 ,h[ev]1 "o %\ld always realize t ! tr\ble is ) ! milk1 n ) ! *ild4 ,:at *anges %\ld be made if a nurs+ infant habitually vomits8 ,if ?is occurs soon aft] nurs+1 ! infant has usually tak5 too mu* & ! "t ( nurs+ %\ld be %ort5$1 or "o brea/ may be giv5 in/ead ( two2 ! nurs+ %\ld also be int]rupt$ by occasional re/s1 s t ! milk is n tak5 too fa/4 ,if ! vomit+ occurs "s "t aft] nurs+ & is repeat$1 x is a sign ( indige/ion2 (t5 because ! milk is too ri* 9 fat4 ,! int]vals betwe5 nurs+s %\ld !n be l5g!n$2 ! brea/ milk may be dilut$ by giv+ "o or two tablespoonfuls ( pla9 boil$ wat]1 lime-wat]1 or b>ley-wat]1 five or t5 m9utes be=e nurs+2 ! "m %\ld eat less he>ty food1 especially less meat4 ,:at %\ld be done if ! infant has frequ5t or habitual colic8 ,?is is usually because ! milk is too ri* 9 proteids2 ! "m %\ld take m out-(-door ex]cise1 eat less meat1 & seek to control h] emotions2 all causes ( worry %\ld be remov$4 ,c con/ipation 9 a nurs+ infant be controll$ ?r\gh ! "m's milk8 ,only to a limit$ ext5t4 ,x is important t ! "m's b[els be regul> & h] dige/ion good4 ,an increase 9 ! meat & milk ( h] diet is sometimes b5eficial4 ,,wean+ ,at :at age %\ld ! *ild be wean$ f ! brea/8 ,usually wean+ %\ld be begun at n9e or t5 mon?s by sub/itut+ "o fe$+ a day = "o nurs+1 lat] two fe$+s1 & ?us gradually ! *ild is to be tak5 f ! brea/ altoge!r4 ,:at is ! pr9cipal reason = wean+ e>li]8 ,! mo/ important "o is t ! *ild is n ?riv+--n ga9+ 9 weight & n progress+ normally 9 its developm5t4 ,s]i\s illness ( ! "m1 or pregnancy1 may make wean+ necess>y4 ,at :at age %\ld ! wean+ be complet$8 ,g5]ally at "o ye>4 ,9 summ] x may sometimes be advisable to nurse an infant a little long] r ?an wean 9 w>m wea!r2 b ev5 !n ! dang]s ( wean+ are mu* less ?an ^? ( cont9u+ to nurse1 z is s (t5 done1 aft] ! milk has become v scanty & poor 9 quality4 ,:5 %\ld a *ild :o is wean$ f ! brea/ be taught to dr9k f ! cup1 & :5 to take ! bottle8 ,if wean+ is done z e>ly z ! eigh? or n9? mon? x is bett] to give ! bottle2 if f ! t5? to ! twelf? mon? ! infant %\ld be taught to dr9k or be f$ ) a spoon4 ,h[ may "s ( ! difficulties 9 wean+ be ov]come8 ,by fe$+ e nurs+ infant once a day or by giv+ x wat] regul>ly f a fe$+-bottle4 ,x !n becomes accu/om$ to ! bottle4 ,?is is a matt] ( great conv5i5ce dur+ ! :ole p]iod ( nurs+ :5 ! "m or nurse is f necessity away f ! *ild = a few h\rs2 :5 m fe$+ is requir$ at wean+ "t ! *ild does n object4 ,:5 %\ld a *ild be wean$ f ! bottle8 ,) *ildr5 :o are n ill1 wean+ f ! bottle %\ld inv>iably be begun at ! end ( ! fir/ ye>1 & aft] a *ild is ?irte5 or f\rte5 mon?s old ! bottle %\ld n be giv5 except at ! night fe$+4 ,is !re any objection to ! *ild's tak+ ! bottle until x is two or ?ree ye>s old8 ,!re are no advantages & "s s]i\s objections4 ,old] *ildr5 (t5 become s atta*$ to ! bottle t only ) ! greate/ difficulty c !y be made to give x up4 ,frequ5tly !y w refuse all solid food1 & w take no?+ except f ! bottle s long z x is giv51 & :5 f9ally at ?ree or f\r ye>s1 x is tak5 away1 !y w n t\* milk dur+ ! re/ ( _! *ildhood4 ,! difficulty is "h t *ildr5 =m ! bottle habit4 ,?is habit is tr\blesome1 unnecess>y1 & %\ld by all means be prev5t$4 ,an exclusive diet ( milk = *ildr5 ( two or ?ree ye>s (t5 results 9 anaemia & malnutrition4 ,h[ %\ld "o tra9 a *ild to d )\t ! bottle8 ,?is is usually v easy if x is begun at "o ye>4 ,! milk %\ld be p\r$ into a t9y glass or cup & little by little ! *ild is taught to dr9k2 at fir/ only a small portion ( ! food is tak5 9 ?is way1 ! balance be+ giv5 f ! bottle2 b 9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks ! av]age infant le>ns to dr9k f a cup )\t difficulty1 & all ! food c be s giv54 ,if ! *ild is two or m ye>s old1 ! only effective means ( wean+ f ! bottle is ?r\gh hung]4 ,! bottle %\ld be tak5 away at once & entirely1 & no?+ all[$ except milk f a cup until ! *ild takes ?is will+ly4 ,sometimes a *ild w g an entire day )\t food1 occasionally z long z two days1 b "o %\ld n be al>m$ on ?is acc\nt & yield4 ,?is is a matt] ( ! *ild's w & n ( 8 dige/ion1 & :5 once he has be5 conqu]$ x is seldom t any fur!r tr\ble is exp]i5c$4 ,z soon z a *ild has le>n$ to dr9k 8 milk f a cup1 c]eals & o!r solid foods may gradually be add$ to ! diet4 ,! educational value ( su* tra9+ is n ! lea/ important consid]ation4 ,c a baby j wean$ take c['s milk ( ! same proportions z "o ( ! same age :o has _h c['s milk f bir?8 ,v r>ely2 to give a baby :o has _h no?+ b ! brea/ f bir?1 pla9 c['s milk1 or ev5 t milk :i* a bottle-f$ baby ( ! same age might take1 is almo/ c]ta9 to cause indige/ion4 ,! *ange 9 ! food is q a m>k$ "o1 & %\ld be made gradually by beg9n+ ) a v weak milk & increas+ its /r5g? z ! baby becomes accu/om$ to take c['s milk4 ,:at w\ld be ! prop] proportions = an infant wean$ at f\r or five mon?s8 ,ab\t ! same z = a heal?y bottle-f$ infant ( two mon?s2 ! quantity ( c\rse %\ld be l>g]4 ,! food c 9 mo/ cases be gradually increas$ s t 9 two or ?ree weeks ! usual /r5g? = ! age c be tak54 ,:at w\ld be ! prop] proportions = an infant wean$ at n9e or t5 mon?s8 ,ab\t ! same z = a bottle-f$ infant at f\r or five mon?s1 to be increas$ z indicat$ above4 ,w n a *ild lose 9 weight :5 plac$ ^u s l[ a diet8 ,v (t5 x w d s = ! fir/ week or two1 b aft] t w ga9 q regul>ly2 ! acute indige/ion1 h[ev]1 :i* g5]ally accompanies ! use ( /rong] milk w1 9 mo/ cases1 cause a great] loss4 ,,artificial ,,fe$+ ,:at foods conta9 all ! elem5ts pres5t 9 "m's milk8 ,! milk ( o!r animals1--c['s milk be+ ! only "o :i* is available = g5]al use4 ,is x n possible = infants to ?rive ^u o!r foods ?an ^? conta9+ fre% milk8 ,!y may d s = a "t1 b nev] p]man5tly4 ,! long-cont9u$ use ( o!r foods z ! sole diet is att5d$ ) great risk4 ,:at are ! dang]s ( su* foods8 ,frequ5tly scurvy is produc$ 7see page #ada71 (t5 rickets1 & 9 o!r cases simply a condition ( g5]al malnutrition1--! *ild does n ?rive1 is pale1 & its muscles are s(t & flabby4 ,,! ,,selection ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,milk ,,us$ ,,= ,,infant ,,fe$+ ,:at are ! ess5tial po9ts 9 milk select$ = ! fe$+ ( infants8 ,t x comes f heal?y c[s1 & t x is clean & fre%4 ,is x n important to select a ri* milk8 ,by no means2 9 fact ! v ri* milk ( highly br$ ,j]seys & ,ald]neys has n be5 f\nd ne>ly s satisfactory 9 infant fe$+ z t f "s o!r h]ds1 su*1 = example1 z ! common grade c[s4 ,:i* is ! bett]1 milk f "o c[ or ! mix$ milk ( sev]al c[s8 ,! mix$1 or h]d milk1 is usually to be pref]r$ s9ce x v>ies little f day to day2 :ile t f a s+le c[ may v>y consid]ably4 ,h[ fre% is x important t c['s milk %\ld be = ! be/ results 9 infant fe$+8 ,?is dep5ds v mu* ^u ! season1 & h[ c>efully milk is h&l$4 ,z ord9>ily h&l$ at ! dairy & 9 ! home1 milk %\ld n be us$ = infants 9 w9t] aft] x is =ty-eight h\rs old2 9 summ] n aft] x is tw5ty-f\r h\rs old1 & x may be unsafe 9 a mu* %ort] "t4 ,:5 h&l$ ) especial c>e milk may be safe = a long] "t4 ,:at are ! two ess5tials 9 h&l+ milk8 #a4 ,t x be kept clean & free f contam9ation4 ,?is necessitates t c[s1 /ables1 & milk]s be clean1 & t transportation be 9 seal$ bottles2 also t ^? :o h&le ! milk d n come 9 contact ) any contagi\s disease4 ,all milk-pails1 bottles1 cans1 & o!r ut5sils ) :i* ! milk comes 9 contact %\ld be /]iliz$ %ortly be=e !y are us$1 by /eam or boil+ wat]4 #b4 ,t x be cool$ imm$iately aft] leav+ ! c[s1 & kept at z l[ a temp]ature z possible2 to be effici5t ?is %\ld n be above #ej deg4 ,f4 ,milk produc$ "u hygi5ic conditions & h&l$ ) special c>e is sold 9 bottles 9 a numb] ( cities "u ! "n ( c]tifi$1 gu>ante$1 or inspect$ milk4 ,:5 available su* milk %\ld be us$ = infants4 ,( c\rse ! extra c>e be/[$ 9 its production & transportation increases ! co/ ( ! milk1 b ! be/ w usually be f\nd 9 ! end to be ! *eape/4 ,h[ %\ld milk be h&l$ 9 ! home :5 obta9$ fre% f ! c[s8 ,t to be us$ = infants %\ld be /ra9$ ?r\gh a ?ick lay] ( absorb5t cotton or sev]al ?icknesses ( *eese-clo? into qu>t glass j>s or milk bottles :i* %\ld be cov]$ & cool$ imm$iately be/ by plac+ ! bottles q up to _! necks 9 ice wat] or cold spr+ wat]1 :]e !y %\ld /& = at lea/ half an h\r4 ,t requir$ = *ildr5 :o take pla9 milk may n[ be p\r$ into half-p9t bottles1 /opp$ ) cotton1 & put 9 ! ice-*e/1 or ! coole/ place possible4 ,?is fir/ rapid cool+ is v important & adds mu* to ! keep+ qualities ( ! milk4 ,milk loses its heat v quickly :5 cool$ 9 wat]1 b v sl[ly :5 x is simply plac$ 9 a cold room4 ,aft] /&+ f\r or five h\rs ! top-milk may be remov$2 aft] twelve to sixte5 h\rs ! cream may be remov$4 ,h[ %\ld milk be h&l$ :5 bottl$ milk is pur*as$8 ,x %\ld be cool$ z j describ$1 z its temp]ature is usually some:at rais$ dur+ transportation ,if x has be5 bottl$ at a dairy1 ! cream or ! top-milk may be remov$ aft] an h\r or s4 ,h[ %\ld milk & cream be h&l$ :5 !y are pur*as$ 9 bulk8 ,su* milk %\ld nev] be us$ = infants :5 x is possible to obta9 bottl$ milk1 z x is mu* m liable to contam9ation4 ,bo? cream & milk %\ld be p\r$ at once into cov]$ vessels & kept 9 ! coole/ place possible4 ,! cream & top-milk w seldom rise ^u su* milk ) any satisfactory regul>ity4 ,:at are ! important ?+s to be secur$ 9 nurs]y refrig]ators8 ,absolute cleanl9ess is ess5tial2 h5ce ! inn] portion %\ld be ( metal4 ,^? made entirely ( metal are unsatisfactory z 9 !m ! ice melts v quickly4 ,if ! ord9>y metal refrig]ator sold is encas$ 9 a wood5 box1 we h ! be/ =m4 ,ano!r easy way ( secur+ ! same result ,is to make = ! refrig]ator a cov]+ or cosey ( felt or heavy quilt+1 :i* c be easily remov$ :5 wet or soil$4 ,! comp>tm5ts ( ! refrig]ator %\ld be s arrang$ t ! bottles ( milk are ei!r 9 contact ) ! ice or v ne> x4 ,! supply ( ice %\ld be abundant4 ,(t5 ! am\nt ( ice is s small1 & ! bottles s f> away1 t ! temp]ature ( ! milk is nev] bel[ #fj deg4 or #fe deg4 ,f4 ,to be really effective a refrig]ator %\ld h a temp]ature :]e ! milk is plac$ ( n ov] #ej deg4 ,f4 ,! temp]ature %\ld be te/$ ) ! nurs]y !rmomet] f "t to "t to asc]ta9 :at results are be+ obta9$4 ,spoil$ milk ow+ to a faulty refrig]ator is to be blam$ = _m attacks ( acute illness among infants4 ,next to ! fe$+-bottles x is ! "o ?+ 9 ! nurs]y :i* %\ld receive ! close/ att5tion4 ,,! ,,modification ,,( ,,c[',s ,,milk ,c c['s milk be f$ to infants )\t any *anges8 ,no2 = al?\gh x conta9s simil> elem5ts to ^? 9 "m's milk1 !y are n id5tical1 & !y are n pres5t 9 ! same proportions4 ,is ?is a matt] ( mu* importance8 ,x is ( ! greate/ importance4 ,!re are few infants :o c dige/ c['s milk unless x is *ang$4 ,to *ange c['s milk s z to make x m ne>ly resemble "m's milk is call$ modify+ c['s milk4 ,h[ is ?is milk ^: proportions h be5 *ang$ di/+ui%$ f ! orig9al un*ang$ milk8 ,! *ang$ milk is usually call$ modifi$ milk8 ! orig9al un*ang$ milk is kn[n z pla9 milk1 :ole milk1 /raight milk1 or is ref]r$ to simply z milk4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal diff]5ces betwe5 c['s milk & "m's milk8 ,c['s milk has a little m ?an half z mu* sug>2 x has ne>ly ?ree times z mu* proteids & salts2 its proteids are diff]5t & mu* m difficult ( dige/ion2 its reaction is decid$ly acid1 t ( "m's milk is fa9tly acid or neutral4 ,are !re any o!r important ?+s to be consid]$8 ,yes2 "m's milk is always f$ fre% & is practically /]ile4 ,c['s milk is g5]ally kept tw5ty-f\r h\rs & sometimes mu* long]4 ,x is always to a great] or less degree contam9at$ by dirt & g]ms1 ! numb] ( :i* increases rapidly 7#a7 ) ! age ( ! milk2 7#b7 9 proportion to am\nt ( ! du/ or dirt :i* ent]s x2 7#c7 ) any increase 9 ! temp]ature at :i* ! milk is kept4 ,x is j z important = success 9 infant fe$+ t ^! conditions receive att5tion z t ! proportions ( ! diff]5t elem5ts ( ! milk are "r4 ,h[ is ! acidity ( c['s milk ov]come8 ,by ! addition ( lime-wat] or bic>bonate ( soda4 ,if lime-wat] is us$1 "o ounce to tw5ty ounces ( food is g5]ally requir$2 if soda is us$1 tw5ty gra9s to tw5ty ounces ( food4 ,if !re is a t5d5cy to con/ipation ! milk ( magnesia 7,phillips's7 may be us$2 f "o half to "o teaspoonful be+ add$ to ea* tw5ty ounces ( food4 ,h[ is ! sug> be/ increas$8 ,by add+ milk sug> to ! food2 "o ounce to ea* tw5ty ounces ( food w give ! prop] quantity = ! fir/ ?ree or f\r mon?s4 ,?is w make ! proportion ab\t ! same 7betwe5 #f & #g p] c5t7 z 9 "m's milk4 ,h[ %\ld ! sug> be prep>$8 ,simply dissolv$ 9 boil$ wat]2 if ! solution is n cle>1 or if !re is a deposit aft] /&+1 x %\ld be filt]$ by p\r+ ?r\gh a lay] ( absorb5t cotton1 half an in* ?ick1 :i* is plac$ 9 an ord9>y funnel4 ,w n cane 7granulat$7 sug> answ] z well8 ,n z a rule2 h[ev]1 !re are _m infants :o get on v well :5 cane sug> is us$4 ,x has ! advantage ( be+ mu* *eap]4 ,a good grade ( milk sug> is some:at exp5sive1 co/+ f tw5ty-five to sixty c5ts a p\nd1 & *eap samples are apt to conta9 impurities4 ,if cane sug> is us$1 :at am\nt %\ld be add$8 ,consid]ably less ?an ( ! milk sug>4 ,usually ab\t half ! quantity 7half an ounce to tw5ty ounces ( food7 is z mu* z mo/ infants c dige/ ,if ! same quantity is us$ z ( ! milk sug>1 ! food is made unduly sweet1 & ! sug> is likely to f]m5t 9 ! /oma* & cause colic4 ,is n ! purpose ( ! sug> to sweet5 ! food 9 ord] to make x palatable8 ,n at all2 al?\gh x does t1 its real use is to furni% "o ( ! ess5tial elem5ts ne$$ = ! gr[? ( ! body1 & ! "o t is requir$ by "y infants 9 ! l>ge/ quantity4 ,h[ d we "k t ?is is s8 ,by ! fact t 9 good brea/ milk ! am\nt ( sug> is great] ?an t ( ! fat1 proteids1 & salts comb9$4 ,we h se5 t c['s milk has ne>ly ?ree times z mu* proteids 7curd7 & salts z "m's milk4 ,h[ are ^! to be dim9i%$8 ,by dilut+ ! milk4 ,w x be suffici5t to dilute ! milk twice 7i4e41 add two p>ts ( wat] to "o "p ( milk78 ,n = a v "y infant4 ,al?\gh ?is w give ab\t ! quantity ( proteids pres5t 9 "m's milk1 ! proteids ( c['s milk are s mu* m difficult = ! infant to dige/1 t 9 ! beg9n+ x %\ld be dilut$ five or six times = mo/ infants4 ,if c['s milk is prop]ly dilut$ & lime-wat] & sug> add$ does x !n resemble "m's milk8 ,no2 ! mixture conta9s too little fat4 ,:at is ! easie/ way ( ov]com+ ?is8 ,by increas+ ! fat 9 ! milk be=e dilution4 ,x may be done by us+ top-milk or a mixture ( milk & cream4 ,:at is top-milk8 ,x is ! upp] lay] ( milk remov$ aft] /&+ a c]ta9 numb] ( h\rs 9 a milk bottle1 glass j>1 or any tall vessel ) /raight sides4 ,x conta9s mo/ ( ! cream & "s ( ! milk j bel[4 ,! /r5g? ( ! top-milk is measur$ by ! fat x conta9s--e4g41 a #aj-p]-c5t milk conta9s #aj p] c5t fat2 #g-p]-c5t milk conta9s #g p] c5t fat1 etc4 ,^! are ! two /r5g?s ( top milk mo/ us$ 9 infant fe$+4 ,on :at does ! p]c5tage ( fat 9 top-milk dep5d8 #a4 ,on ! l5g? ( "t ! milk has /ood4 #b4 ,on ! mann] 9 :i* ! top-milk is remov$4 #c4 ,on ! numb] ( ounces remov$4 #d4 ,on ! ri*ness ( ! milk us$4 ,unless ^! are kn[n x is impossible to say ev5 approximately h[ /rong 9 fat ! top-milk is4 ,:5 & h[ %\ld top-milk be remov$8 ,if milk fre% f ! c[1 or be=e ! cream has ris51 is put into bottles & rapidly cool$1 ! top-milk may be remov$ 9 z %ort a "t z f\r h\rs4 ,9 ! case ( bottl$ milk x makes little diff]5ce if x /&s a long] "t1 ev5 until ! next day4 ,! be/ means ( remov+ x is by a small cream-dipp]#b hold+ "o ounce2 al?\gh x may be tak5 (f by a spoon or siphon4 ,x %\ld n be p\r$ (f4 #b ,obta9$ f any ( ! ,walk]-,gordon milk laboratories1 f ,james ,d\gh]ty1 ,no4 #daa ,we/ #ei? ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 & f _m druggi/s4 ,price1 #bj c5ts4 ,h[ c we obta9 a #aj-p]-c5t top-milk ) ! diff]5t k9ds ( c['s milk8 ,f a r poor milk 7conta9+ #c--c-a_/b p] c5t fat7 by remov+ ! upp] eight ounces f a qu>t1 or "o f\r?4 ,f a good av]age milk 7conta9+ #d p] c5t fat7 by remov+ ! upp] elev5 ounces f a qu>t1 or ab\t "o ?ird4 ,f a ri* ,j]sey milk 7conta9+ #e--e-a_/b p] c5t fat7 by remov+ ! upp] sixte5 ounces1 or "o half4 ,h[ c we obta9 a #g-p]-c5t top-milk ) ! diff]5t k9ds ( c['s milk8 ,f a r poor milk1 by remov+ ! upp] elev5 ounces f a qu>t1 ab\t "o ?ird4 ,f a good av]age milk1 by remov+ ! upp] sixte5 ounces1 or "o half4 ,f a ri* ,j]sey milk1 by remov+ ! upp] tw5ty-two ounces1 or ab\t two ?irds4 ,illu/ration3 ,! p]c5tage ( fat 9 ! diff]5t lay]s ( milk ( good av]age quality4 ,:at is cream8 ,cream is (t5 spok5 ( z if x 7 ! fat 9 milk4 ,x is really ! "p ( ! milk :i* conta9s mo/ ( ! fat4 ,x diff]s f milk *iefly 9 conta9+ mu* m fat4 ,9 :at ways is cream n[ obta9$8 7#a7 ,by skimm+1 aft] ! milk has /ood usually = tw5ty-f\r h\rs8 ?is is kn[n z gravity cream4 7#b7 ,by an app>atus kn[n z a sep>ator2 ?is is kn[n z c5trifugal cream2 mo/ ( ! cream n[ sold 9 cities is ( ?is k9d4 ,! ri*ness ( any cream is indicat$ by ! am\nt ( fat x conta9s4 ,! usual gravity cream sold has f #af to #bj p] c5t fat4 ,! cream remov$ f ! upp] "p 7"o fif?7 ( a bottle ( milk has ab\t #af p] c5t fat4 ,! usual c5trifugal cream has #ah to #bj p] c5t fat4 ,! heavy c5trifugal cream has #ce to #dj p] c5t fat4 ,,food ,,= ,,heal?y ,,infants#c--,,! ,,e>ly ,,mon?s #c ,! directions & =mulas giv5 9 ! foll[+ pages are int5d$ only = guidance 9 fe$+ *ildr5 :o are n suff]+ f any special di/urbance ( dige/ion2 directions = su* conditions are giv5 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,:at are ! mo/ important po9ts to be rememb]$ 9 modify+ c['s milk = fe$+ dur+ ! e>ly mon?s8 ,t ( ! diff]5t +r$i5ts ( milk ! sug> is mo/ easily dige/$2 ! fat is next2 :ile ! proteids are ! mo/ difficult4 ,:at relation %\ld ! fat be> to ! proteids dur+ ?is p]iod8 ,= mo/ infants ) good dige/ion ! be/ results are obta9$ :5 ! fat is ?ree times ! proteids4 ,h[ev]1 ?is is n true ( all4 ,!re are _m heal?y infants :o are unable to dige/ ?is proportion ( fat1 & :o d mu* bett] :5 ! fat is made only twice ! proteids4 ,h[ c "o obta9 =mulas 9 :i* ! fat is ?ree times ! proteids8 ,by us+ = dilution a #aj-p]-c5t milk 7i4e41 milk conta9+ #aj p] c5t fat7 :i* s]ves z ! prim>y =mula f :i* all ! o!r =mulas ( ?is s]ies are d]iv$4 ,9 #aj-p]-c5t milk ! fat is j ?ree times ! proteids4 ,h[ c "o get ! #aj-p]-c5t milk8 7#a7 ,z top-milk1 z describ$ on page #fd2 or1 7#b7 by mix+ equal p>ts ( pla9 milk & ord9>y cream 7conta9+ ab\t #af p] c5t fat72 7#c7 f any ( ! milk laboratories x may be ord]$ directly4 ,is x bett] to obta9 ! #aj-p]-c5t milk by us+ a mixture ( milk & cream1 or z top-milk8 ,if "o c get milk fre% f ! c[s1 ! top-milk is to be pref]r$ on acc\nt ( fre%ness4 ,! food c !n be made up :5 ! milk is b a few h\rs old4 ,9 cities1 if "o uses bottl$ milk1 ! upp] ?ird may also be us$4 ,b if "o buys milk & cream sep>ately1 x is usually m conv5i5t to mix ^!1 z ! cream w n rise ^u milk a second "t ) any uni=mity4 ,h[ c "o obta9 =mulas 9 :i* ! fat is twice ! proteids8 ,by us+ = dilution a #g-p]-c5t milk 7i4e41 milk conta9+ #g p] c5t fat7 :i* s]ves z ! prim>y =mula f :i* all ! o!r =mulas ( ?is s]ies are d]iv$4 ,9 #g-p]-c5t milk ! fat is j twice ! proteids4 ,h[ c "o get ! #g-p]-c5t milk8 7#a7 ,z top-milk1 z describ$ on page #fd2 or1 7#b7 by mix+ ?ree p>ts ( milk & "o "p ( ord9>y 7#af p] c5t7 cream2 7#c7 f any ( ! milk laboratories x may be obta9$ directly4 ,z 9 ! case ( #aj-p]-c5t milk1 ! top-milk is g5]ally to be pref]r$ to a mixture ( milk & cream4 ,h[ %\ld ! food be prep>$ dur+ ! e>ly mon?s8 ,x is conv5i5t 9 calculation to make up tw5ty ounces ( food at a "t4 ,! fir/ /ep is to obta9 ! #aj-p]-c5t milk or ! #g-p]-c5t milk to be us$ z ! prim>y =mula4 ,!n to take ! numb] ( ounces ( ?is t are call$ = 9 ! =mula desir$4 ,note4--,"o %\ld n make ! mi/ake ( tak+ f ! top ( ! bottle only ! numb] ( ounces ne$$ 9 ! =mula z ?is may give q a diff]5t result4 ,!re w be requir$ 9 addition "o ounce ( milk sug>#d & "o ounce ( lime-wat] 9 ea* tw5ty ounces4 ,! re/ ( ! food w be made up ( boil$ wat]4 #d ,if ! milk sug> be measur$ 9 ! milk-dipp]1 two scant dipp]fuls may be calculat$ z "o ounce4 ,if measur$ 9 a tablespoon1 ?ree ev5 tablespoonfuls may be calculat$ z "o ounce4 ,^! =mulas writt5 out w\ld be z foll[s3 ,fir/ ,s]ies ,=mulas = ! ,e>ly ,mon?s f #aj-p]-c5t ,milk ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,,iv4 ,v4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #aj-p]-c5t milk #b oz4 #c oz4 #d oz4 #e oz4 #f oz4 ,milk sug> #a #a #a #a #a ,lime-wat] #a #a #a #a #a ,boil$ wat] #ag #af #ae #ad #ac ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #bj oz4 #bj oz4 #bj oz4 #bj oz4 #bj oz4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,z ! milk sug> dissolves 9 ! wat] ! total 9 ea* column w be exactly tw5ty ounces4 ,! food is /r5g!n$ by gradually increas+ ! milk & r$uc+ ! wat]4 ,! approximate composition ( ^! =mulas express$ 9 p]c5tages is z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ,,=mula4 ,fat4 ,sug>4 ,proteids4 ---------------------------------------- ,i4 #a4jj #e4ej #j4cc ,,ii4 #a4ej #f4jj #j4ej ,,iii4 #b4jj #f4jj #j4ff ,,iv4 #b4ej #f4jj #j4hj ,v4 #c4jj #f4ej #a4jj ---------------------------------------- -- ,second ,s]ies ,=mulas = ! ,e>ly ,mon?s f #g-p]-c5t ,milk ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,,iv4 ,v4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #g-p]-c5t milk #b oz4 #c oz4 #d oz4 #e oz4 #f oz4 ,milk sug> #a #a #a #a #a ,lime-wat] #a #a #a #a #a ,boil$ wat] #ag #af #ae #ad #ac ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #bj oz4 #bj oz4 #bj oz4 #bj oz4 #bj oz4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,! approximate composition ( ^! =mulas express$ 9 p]c5tages is z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ,,=mula4 ,fat4 ,sug>4 ,proteids4 ---------------------------------------- ,i4 #j4gj #e4ej #j4ce ,,ii4 #a4jj #f4jj #j4ej ,,iii4 #a4dj #f4jj #j4gj ,,iv4 #a4ge #f4jj #j4hg ,v4 #b4jj #f4ej #a4jj ---------------------------------------- -- ,h[ is "o to decide :e!r to use ! ,fir/ or ! ,second ,s]ies ( =mulas8 ,) a l>ge1 /rong *ild1 hav+ a good dige/ion "o %\ld use ! ,fir/ ,s]ies4 ,) a small]1 less vigor\s *ild1 ^: dige/ion is n s good1 or ) "o :o does n d well ^u ! ,fir/ ,s]ies1 ! ,second ,s]ies %\ld be us$4 ,:y is x necess>y to make ! food s weak at fir/8 ,because ! infant's /oma* is int5d$ to dige/ brea/ milk1 n c['s milk2 b if we beg9 ) a v weak c['s milk ! /oma* c be gradually tra9$ to dige/ x4 ,if we began ) a /rong milk ! dige/ion might be s]i\sly upset4 ,h[ rapidly c ! food be increas$ 9 /r5g? f ,=mula ,i to ,,ii1 f ,,ii to ,,iii1 etc48 ,no absolute rule c be giv54 ,usually we beg9 ) ,i on ! second day2 ,,ii on ! f\r? day2 ,,iii at "o week or t5 days2 b aft] t make ! increase m sl[ly4 ,a l>ge infant ) a /rong dige/ion w be> a r rapid increase & may be able to take ,v by ! "t x is ?ree or f\r weeks old4 ,a *ild ) a feeble dige/ion mu/ g mu* sl[] & may n rea* ,v be=e x is ?ree or f\r mon?s old4 ,x is important ) all *ildr5 t ! increase 9 ! food be made v gradually4 ,x may be be/ ) _m infants to increase ! milk by only half an ounce 9 tw5ty ounces ( food1 in/ead ( "o ounce at a "t z indicat$ 9 ! tables4 ,?us f #c ounces1 ! increase w\ld be to #ca_/b ounces2 f #d ounces to #da_/b ounces1 etc4 ,at lea/ two or ?ree days %\ld be all[$ betwe5 ea* increase 9 ! /r5g? ( ! food4 ,:at g5]al rule c be giv5 = increas+ ! food8 ,to increase :5 ! infant is n satisfi$ b is dige/+ well4 ,h[ does an infant %[ t he is n satisfi$8 ,he dra9s ! bottle eag]ly & cries :5 x is tak5 away4 ,he (t5 =ms ! habit ( suck+ 8 f+]s imm$iately aft]4 ,he beg9s to fret half an h\r or an h\r be=e ! next fe$+ is due4 ,9 ! s]ies ( =mulas giv5 9 ! table ! quantities are m5tion$ = mak+ only tw5ty ounces ( food4 ,h[ %\ld x be prep>$ :5 m ?an ?is quantity is ne$$8 ,x is equally conv5i5t to make up #be ounces1 #cj ounces1 #ce ounces1 or #dj ounces at a "t4 ,to make-- #be ounces ( any =mula add "o qu>t] m ( ea* +r$i5t4 #cj "o half #ce ?ree qu>t]s #dj twice z mu* ,?us #be ounces ( ,=mula ,i w\ld be obta9$ by us+ #ba_/b ounces ( milk1 #aa_/d ounces ( sug> & lime-wat]1 #baa_/d ounces ( wat]2 #cj ounces ( ! same w\ld require #c ounces milk1 #aa_/b ounces lime-wat] & sug>1 & #bea_/b ounces wat]2 #ce ounces w\ld require #ca_/b ounces milk1 #ac_/d ounces lime-wat] & sug>1 & #bic_/d ounces wat]4 ,! am\nt ( wat] ne$ n be calculat$ 9 any case1 b aft] measur+ c>efully ! o!r +r$i5ts en\gh wat] %\ld be add$ to br+ ! total up to ! am\nt requir$4 ,h[ great an increase 9 ! quantity %\ld be made at "o "t8 ,"o may make up five ounces additional food2 b ! fir/ two days only two or ?ree ounces ( ! additional am\nt %\ld be giv52 ! next two days1 f\r ounces2 aft] two days m1 ! five ounces may be giv54 ,! increase 9 ! quantity giv5 at a s+le fe$+ %\ld n be m ?an a qu>t] ( an ounce4 ,,food ,,= ,,heal?y ,,infants--,,! ,,lat] ,,mon?s ,h[ long %\ld ! fat be z mu* z ?ree times ! proteids8 ,?is is seldom ( advantage long] ?an ?ree or f\r mon?s4 ,:at *anges %\ld !n be made 9 ! milk8 ,aft] ,=mula ,v ( ! ,fir/ ,s]ies 7#f ounces ( #aj-p]-c5t milk 9 #bj ounces ( food7 has be5 rea*$1 ! fat %\ld be increas$ v sl[ly = ?is proportion 7#c p] c5t7 is ne> ! limit = mo/ heal?y *ildr54 ,! milk %\ld n[ be /r5g!n$ *iefly by rais+ ! p]c5tage ( proteids4 ,h[ is ?is accompli%$8 ,! #aj-p]-c5t milk & ! =mulas d]iv$ f x %\ld n[ be discont9u$1 & ^? made f #g-p]-c5t milk us$4 ,?ird ,s]ies ,=mulas = ! ,lat] ,mon?s f #g-p]-c5t ,milk ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,,iv4 ,v4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #g-p]-c5t milk #g oz4 #h oz4 #i oz4 #aj oz4 #aa oz4 ,milk sug> #a #a #a #c_/d #a_/b ,lime-wat] #a #a #a #a #a ,boil$ wat] #ab #aa #aj #d #c ,b>ley gruel #j #j #j #e #e ---------------------------------------- ------------------- #bj oz4 #bj oz4 #bj oz4 #bj oz4 #bj oz4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,s9ce ! sug> dissolves1 ! total w be tw5ty ounces 9 ea* column4 ,( any ( ! =mulas1 #be ounces is made by us+ "o qu>t] m ( ea* +r$i5t2 #cj ounces1 by us+ "o half m2 #ce ounces1 by us+ ?ree qu>t]s m2 #dj ounces1 by us+ twice z mu*1 exactly z describ$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,s]ies on page #gc4 ,! approximate composition ( ^! =mulas express$ 9 p]c5tages is z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ,,=mula4 ,fat4 ,sug>4 ,proteids4 ---------------------------------------- ,i4 #b4ej #f4ej #a4be ,,ii4 #b4hj #f4ej #a4dj ,,iii4 #c4ae #g4jj #a4ee ,,iv4 #c4ej #f4jj #a4ge ,v4 #d4jj #f4jj #b4jj ---------------------------------------- -- ,h[ %\ld ! food be increas$ dur+ ?is p]iod8 ,beg9n+ ) ,i ( ?is ,s]ies1 :i* %\ld usually foll[ ,v ( ! ,fir/ or ,second ,s]ies 7pages #gj1 #ga71 ! increase may g5]ally be made 9 a week or t5 days to ,,ii2 9 ab\t two weeks m to ,,iii2 n[ m sl[ly to ,,iv & ,v4 ,:5 ,,iv or ,v has be5 rea*$1 ! same =mula may sometimes be cont9u$ = ?ree or f\r mon?s ) no o!r *ange ?an an increase 9 ! quantity4 ,9 pass+ f ,=mula ,v ( ! ,fir/ ,s]ies to ,=mula ,i ( ! ,?ird ,s]ies ! proportion ( fat is at fir/ r$uc$4 ,is ?is necess>y or important8 ,no2 x only happ5s to come s 9 simplify+ ! calculation4 ,x may be avoid$ by tak+ (f at fir/ ! upp] #ac ounces z top-milk & us+ #g ounces ( ?is 9 a #bj-ounce mixture1 9 place ( ,=mula ,i2 & by us+ = ! next increase ! upp] #ae ounces z top-milk1 tak+ ( ?is #h ounces 9 a #bj-ounce mixture 9 place ( ,=mula ,,ii4 ,!n %\ld foll[ ,=mula ,,iii4 ,:at fur!r addition may be made to ! food ( ! lat] mon?s8 ,usually ab\t ! six? or sev5? mon?1 f>9ace\s food 9 ! =m ( gruel may be add$1 ?is tak+ ! place ( "p ( ! wat] & "p ( ! sug>4 ,:at *anges may be made 9 ! food :5 ! infant has rea*$ ! age ( t5 or elev5 mon?s8 ,! proteids may be /ill fur!r increas$1 & ! sug> & ! lime-wat] r$uc$ until pla9 milk is giv54 ,h[ may ?is be/ be done8 ,at fir/ "o fe$+ a day ( pla9 milk & b>ley gruel may be giv52 lat]1 two fe$+s2 !n ?ree fe$+s1 etc4 ,let u suppose an infant to be tak+ su* a modifi$ milk z ,=mula ,,iv or ,v 7page #gf71 six fe$+s a day4 ,! pla9 milk dilut$ only ) b>ley gruel w\ld at fir/ replace "o ( ^! fe$+s2 !n two1 ?ree1 f\r1 etc41 ^! *anges be+ made at int]vals ( ab\t two weeks4 ,! proportions ( ! milk & b>ley gruel %\ld at fir/ be ab\t #e-a_/b ounces milk1 #b-a_/b ounces b>ley2 lat]1 #f ounces milk1 #c ounces b>ley2 /ill lat]1 #g ounces milk1 #b ounces b>ley1 until f9ally pla9 milk is giv5 to dr9k & ! c]eals giv5 sep>ately ) a spoon4 ,?is is rea*$ ) mo/ infants at f\rte5 or fifte5 mon?s2 ) _m at twelve or ?irte5 mon?s4 ,o!r =ms ( f>9ace\s food may ( c\rse be us$ 9 ! place ( ! b>ley1 & 9 ! same proportions4 ,) "s infants ! addition ( a p9* ( bic>bonate ( soda may be advantage\sly made to ea* milk-fe$+ :5 ! lime-wat] is omitt$1 b ) mo/ ?is is unnecess>y4 ,if ! infant /rongly objects to ! ta/e ( ! milk :5 ! milk sug> has be5 omitt$1 a small quantity 7"o f\r? to "o half teaspoonful7 ( granulat$ sug> may = a "t be add$ to ea* fe$+1 !n gradually r$uc$4 ,,g5]al ,,rules ,,= ,,guidance ,,9 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,=mulas ,,giv5 ,x %\ld aga9 be emphasiz$ t ^! =mulas are n int5d$ = sick *ildr5 nor = ^? suff]+ f any m>k$ symptoms ( indige/ion4 ,= su* infants special rules are giv5 lat]4 ,:at %\ld be ! guide 9 decid+ ^u a =mula ) :i* to beg9 = a *ild :o is to be artificially f$8 ,! age & ! weight are ( "s importance1 b ! be/ guide is ! condition ( ! *ild's dige/ive organs4 ,"o %\ld always beg9 ) a weak =mula1 p>ticul>ly1 7#a7 ) an infant previ\sly brea/ f$2 7#b7 ) "o j wean$1 z a *ild :o has nev] _h c['s milk mu/ at fir/ h weak] proportions ?an ! age & ! weight w\ld seem to indicate2 7#c7 ) infants ^: p[] ( dige/ion is unkn[n4 ,if ! fir/ =mula tri$ is weak] ?an ! *ild c dige/1 ! food c be /r5g!n$ e ?ree or f\r days until x is f\nd :at ! *ild is able to take4 ,on ! contr>y1 if ! food is made too /rong at fir/1 an attack ( indige/ion w probably foll[4 ,h[ %\ld ! food be increas$ 9 /r5g?8 ,! fir/ ess5tial is t x be done v gradually2 abruptly increas+ ! food usually causes a di/urbance ( dige/ion4 ,x is nev] wise to advance m rapidly 9 /r5g!n+ ! food ?an f "o =mula to ! next "o 9 any ( ! s]ies giv52 ) _m infants x is bett] to make ! /eps ( increase only half z great z ^? indicat$ 7page #gb74 ,h[ rapidly %\ld ! food be increas$ 9 quantity8 ,! increase %\ld n be m ?an a qu>t] ( an ounce 9 ea* fe$+2 or f "o & a half to two ounces 9 a day4 ,:5 %\ld ! food be increas$8 ,9 ! e>ly weeks an increase may be necess>y e few days2 9 ! lat] mon?s sometimes ! same =mula may be cont9u$ = two or ?ree mon?s4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 impossible to give a def9ite rule z to "t4 ,"o _c say ) any *ild t an increase is to be made e week or e two weeks4 ,a mu* bett] guide are ! conditions pres5t4 ,! signs indicat+ t ! food %\ld be increas$ are1 t ! infant is n satisfi$1 n ga9+ 9 weight1 b is dige/+ well1 i4e41 n vomit+1 & hav+ good /ools4 ,"o %\ld n increase ! food1 h[ev]1 s long z ! *ild seems p]fectly satisfi$ & is ga9+ f f\r to six ounces a week1 ev5 ?\gh bo? ! quantity & ! /r5g? ( ! food are consid]ably bel[ ! av]age2 nor %\ld ! food be increas$ if ! *ild is ga9+ f eight to t5 ounces a week1 ev5 if he seems some:at hungry4 ,! appetite is n always a safe guide to foll[4 ,h[ c "o "k :e!r ! /r5g? or ! quantity ( ! food %\ld be increas$8 ,9 ! e>ly weeks x is well fir/ to increase ! /r5g? ( ! food1 ! next "t to increase ! quantity1 !n ! /r5g? aga91 etc4 ,aft] ! f\r? or fif? mon?1 ! quantity1 *iefly1 %\ld be increas$4 ,if a slight di/urbance or discom=t occurs aft] ! food has be5 /r5g!n$1 is x be/ to g back to ! weak] =mula or to p]si/ ) ! new "o8 ,symptoms ( m9or discom=t are se5 = a day or two ) _m infants aft] an ord9>y increase 9 food2 b 9 mo/ cases an infant soon becomes accu/om$ to ! /rong] food & is able to dige/ x4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! symptoms ( di/urbance are m>k$1 "o %\ld promptly g back to ! weak] =mula4 ,! next increase %\ld be a small] "o4 ,%\ld "o be di/urb$ if = ! fir/ two or ?ree weeks ( artificial fe$+ ! ga9 9 weight is v slight or ev5 if !re is none8 ,n z a rule4 ,if ! infant does n lose weight1 is p]fectly com=table1 sleeps mo/ ( ! "t1 & does n suff] f any symptoms ( indige/ion1 su* z colic1 vomit+1 etc41 "o may be sure t all is go+ well & t ! infant is becom+ us$ to 8 new food4 ,z ! *ild's appetite improves & 8 dige/ion is /rong]1 ! food may be increas$ e few days & v soon ! ga9 9 weight w come & w !n be cont9u\s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! scales are wat*$ too closely &1 because !re is only a slight ga9 9 weight or none at all1 ! food is rapidly increas$1 an acute di/urbance ( dige/ion is pretty c]ta9 to foll[4 ,is n con/ipation likely to occur if ! *ild is on a v weak food8 ,x is v (t5 se5 & is due simply to ! small am\nt ( residue 9 ! inte/9e4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 if ! b[els move once e day1 "o %\ld n be di/urb$ ev5 :5 ! movem5ts are small & some:at dry4 ,z ! food is gradually /r5g!n$1 ?is con/ipation soon passes (f2 :ile if injections1 suppositories1 or ca?>tics are us$ to produce fre] movem5ts1 ! functions ( ! b[els are likely to be di/urb$4 ,"u :at circum/ances %\ld ! food be r$uc$8 ,:5ev] ! *ild becomes ill f any cause :atev]1 or :5ev] any m>k$ symptoms ( indige/ion arise4 ,h[ may ?is be done8 ,if ! di/urbance is only a mod]ate "o & ! food has be5 made up = ! day1 "o ?ird may be p\r$ (f f ! top ( ea* bottle j be=e x is giv51 & ?is quantity ( food replac$ by ! same am\nt ( boil$ wat]4 ,if ! di/urbance is m sev]e1 ! food %\ld be imm$iately dilut$ by at lea/ "o half & at ! same "t ! quantity giv5 %\ld be r$uc$4 ,= a sev]e acute attack ( indige/ion ! regul> food %\ld be omitt$ altoge!r & only wat] giv5 until ! doctor has be5 call$4 ,if ! food has be5 r$uc$ = a di/urbance ( dige/ion1 h[ %\ld "o return to ! orig9al =mula8 ,:ile ! r$uction ( ! food %\ld be imm$iate & consid]able1 ! increase %\ld be v gradual4 ,aft] a s]i\s attack ( acute indige/ion1 :5 beg9n+ ) milk aga91 x %\ld n be made m ?an "o fif? ! orig9al /r5g?1 & f t5 days to two weeks %\ld pass be=e ! *ild is br\ght back to 8 orig9al food1 :i* %\ld be done v gradually4 ,x is surpris+ h[ long a "t is requir$ ) "y infants be=e !y completely recov] f an attack ( acute indige/ion1 ev5 ?\gh x did n seem to be v sev]e4 ,! second di/urbance always comes f a slight] cause ?an ! fir/ "o4 ,,! ,,addition ,,( ,,o!r ,,foods ,,to ,,milk ,h[ long %\ld modifi$ milk be cont9u$ )\t ! addition ( o!r food8 ,?is dep5ds ^u circum/ances2 usually1 = ab\t six mon?s2 b if ! infant is ?riv+ satisfactorily ! milk may be us$ alone = t5 or elev5 mon?s2 ) "s infants :o h especial difficulty 9 dige/+ c['s milk1 x is advisable to beg9 ! use ( o!r food at ?ree or f\r mon?s or ev5 f ! outset4 ,:at is ! fir/ ?+ to be us$ ) milk8 ,f>9ace\s food 9 "s =m1 usually z a gruel4 ,h[ are ^! gruels made8 ,!y may be made directly f ! gra9s or f "s ( ! prep>$ fl\rs 7page #adi74 ,! fl\rs are usually to be pref]r$ z be+ m simple ( prep>ation4 ,h[ %\ld !y be us$ 9 mak+ ! food8 ,!y %\ld be cook$ sep>ately1 r ?an ) ! milk2 :5 ! food is mix$1 !y take ! place ( a portion ( ! wat] 9 ! =mulas giv5 on pages #gj & #ga4 ,h[ mu* ( ! gruel %\ld be us$8 ,if x is prep>$ z recomm5d$ on page #adi1 x may make accord+ to circum/ances f "o six? to "o half ! total quantity ( food4 ,:i* ( ! f>9ace\s foods are to be pref]r$8 ,^? mo/ us$ are b>ley1 oatmeal1 arr[root1 & f>9a4 ,!re is n mu* diff]5ce 9 _! nutritive value2 oatmeal gruel is some:at m laxative4 ,:at value d ^! sub/ances possess z infant foods8 ,"s ( ! />* is dige/$ & absorb$2 b ! *ief value ( gruels is believ$ to be t :5 add$ to milk !y r5d] ! curd m easily dige/$ by prev5t+ x f coagulat+ 9 ! /oma* 9 l>ge t\gh masses4 ,?is is c]ta9ly true ) _m infants1 b !re are o!rs :o are n at all b5efit$1 & n a few "y infants ^: dige/ion is made di/9ctly worse by ! use ( f>9ace\s food1 p>ticul>ly :5 employ$ 9 consid]able quantity4 ,! addition ( gruels to milk = all infants is n to be recomm5d$4 ,:at fur!r additions may be made to ! diet ( heal?y infants dur+ ! fir/ ye>8 ,beef juice1 ! :ite ( egg1 & orange juice4 ,h[ & :5 may beef juice be us$8 ,) infants :o are /rong & ?riv+ satisfactorily x may be begun at t5 or elev5 mon?s2 two teaspoonfuls may be giv5 daily1 dilut$ ) ! same quantity ( wat]1 fifte5 m9utes be=e ! midday fe$+2 9 two weeks ! quantity may be d\bl$2 & 9 f\r weeks six teaspoonfuls may be giv54 ,! maximum quantity at "o ye> %\ld n be m ?an two or ?ree tablespoonfuls4 ,) delicate infants :o are pale & anaemic1 beef juice is m important1 & x may (t5 be wisely begun at five or six mon?s 9 half ! quantities m5tion$4 ,:5 %\ld :ite ( egg be us$8 ,"u ! same conditions z beef juice1 p>ticul>ly ) infants :o h difficulty 9 dige/+ ! prote9s 7curd7 ( milk4 ,at six mon?s half ! :ite ( "o egg may be giv5 at "o "t1 & soon aft] ?is ! entire :ite ( "o egg4 ,! be/ 9 mann] ( cook+ is ! coddl$1 egg 7see page #aea74 ,:5 %\ld orange juice be begun8 ,usually ab\t ! elev5? or twelf? mon?2 x %\ld be giv5 ab\t "o h\r be=e ! fe$+2 two teaspoonfuls at fir/1 !n "o tablespoonful at a "t1 & lat] ?ree or f\r tablespoonfuls4 ,x is p>ticul>ly useful :5 !re is con/ipation4 ,x %\ld always be /ra9$1 & c>e %\ld be tak5 t x is sweet & fre%4 ,,ov]fe$+ ,:at is meant by ov]fe$+8 ,giv+ an infant too mu* food2 ei!r too mu* at "o "t or too frequ5tly4 ,ov]fe$+ is sometimes practis$ dur+ ! day1 b is *iefly done at night4 ,is n an infant's natural desire = food a prop] guide z to ! quantity giv58 ,! appetite ( a p]fectly normal infant usually is2 b ov]eat+ is a habit gradually acquir$ & may cont9ue until twice z mu* food z is prop] is tak5 9 ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,?is habit is mo/ frequ5tly se5 9 infants ^: dige/ion is n q normal2 because ( ! tempor>y relief f discom=t exp]i5c$ by tak+ food into ! /oma*1 !y (t5 appe> to be hungry ! great] "p ( ! "t1 especially at night4 ,:at are ! causes ( ov]fe$+8 ,! mo/ common "o is ! habit ( wat*+ ! weight too closely1 & ! conviction on ! "p ( ! "m or nurse t because a *ild is n s l>ge nor ga9+ s rapidly z "s o!r infant ( ! same age1 m food or /rong] food %\ld be giv54 ,:at h>m results f ov]fe$+8 ,all food tak5 9 excess ( :at a *ild c dige/ becomes a burd5 to him4 ,! food lies 9 ! /oma* or b[els undige/$1 f]m5ts1 & causes w9d & colic4 ,:5 ov]fe$+ is long] cont9u$1 s]i\s di/urbances ( dige/ion are soon produc$4 ,! infant is re/less1 fretful1 con/antly uncom=table1 sleeps badly1 & /ops ga9+ & may ev5 lose 9 weight4 ,su* symptoms may lead to ! mi/ak5 conclusion t too little food is giv51 & x is accord+ly increas$1 :5 x %\ld be dim9i%$4 ,"o ( ! results ( long-cont9u$ ov]fe$+ is dilatation or /ret*+ ( ! /oma*4 ,:at %\ld guide "o z to ! quantity ( food to be giv5 to any infant88 7#a7 ,! size ( ! infant's /oma* at ! diff]5t mon?s2 7#b7 ! am\nt ( milk :i* ! heal?y nurs+ infant gets2 7#c7 ! quantities ) :i* mo/ *ildr5 d be/4 ,! table ( quantities & int]vals ( fe$+1 on page #ajh1 gives ! av]age figures d]iv$ f ^! s\rces4 ,x is seldom wise to g beyond ! limits !re /at$2 nor %\ld "o insi/ ^u giv+ any fix$ am\nt if x is cle>ly m ?an ! *ild wants or c be made to take except by cont9u$ coax+4 ,,loss ,,( ,,appetite ,:at is to be done :5 )\t any o!r signs ( illness a *ild's appetite gradually fails8 ,?is is (t5 ! result ( a long p]iod ( ov]fe$+ or ! use ( milk too ri* 9 fat4 ,if 9 all o!r respects ! *ild seems well & simply does n want 8 food1 x %\ld be (f]$ at regul> h\rs1 b n m frequ5tly2 on no acc\nt %\ld he be coax$1 mu* less =c$1 to eat1 ev5 ?\gh he takes only "o half or "o ?ird ! usual quantity4 ,! int]vals betwe5 fe$+s %\ld n be %ort5$ b r l5g!n$4 ,(t51 ) a *ild a ye> old1 x is necess>y to r$uce ! numb] ( fe$+s to f\r or ev5 ?ree 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,wat]1 h[ev]1 may be (f]$ at m frequ5t int]vals4 ,! food %\ld be weak5$ r ?an /r5g!n$4 ,no great] mi/ake c be made ?an1 because s little is tak51 coax+ or =c+ food at %ort int]vals ?r\gh fe> le/ ! *ild may lose weight4 ,,! ,,*anges ,,9 ,,! ,,food ,,requir$ ,,by ,,special ,,symptoms ,,or ,,conditions ,infants ) weak dige/ion & ^? suff]+ f v>i\s =ms ( indige/ion h (t5 especial tr\ble 9 dige/+ ! fat ( milk4 ,to meet ! ne$s ( su* !re is requir$ a s]ies ( =mulas 9 :i* ! fat is l[] ?an 9 ^? already giv54 ,^! =mulas are obta9$ f pla9 milk4 ,f\r? ,s]ies ,=mulas f ,pla9 ,milk 7conta9+ #d-p]-c5t ,fat7 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,,iv4 ,v4 ,,vi4 ,,vii4 ,,viii4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,pla9 milk #eoz4 #foz4 #goz4 #hoz4 #ioz4 #ajoz #aboz4 #adoz4 ,milk sug> #a #a #a #a #c_/d #c_/d #a_/b #a_/b ,lime-wat]4 #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a ,boil$ wat] #ad #ac #ab #g #f #e #b #j ,b>ley gruel #j #j #j #d #d #d #e #e ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj #bj oz4 oz4 oz4 oz4 oz4 oz4 oz4 oz4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,:5 l>g] quantities ?an #bj ounces are requir$ !y are calculat$ 9 ! same mann] z describ$ on page #gc 9 speak+ ( #aj-p]-c5t milk4 ,! approximate composition ( ! =mulas ( ! ,f\r? ,s]ies express$ 9 p]c5tages is z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ,,=mula4 ,fat4 ,sug>4 ,proteids4 ---------------------------------------- ,i4 #a4jj #f4jj #j4ij ,,ii4 #a4bj #f4jj #a4jj ,,iii4 #a4dj #f4ej #a4bj ,,iv4 #a4fj #f4ej #a4dj ,v4 #a4hj #f4jj #a4fj ,,vi4 #b4jj #f4jj #a4hj ,,vii4 #b4dj #e4ej #b4aj ,,viii4 #b4hj #e4ej #b4ej ---------------------------------------- ,:y is x t an infant s (t5 vomits "s ( its food )9 a few mom5ts aft] f9i%+ its bottle8 ,usually because ! quantity is too l>ge4 ,sometimes x is due to ! fact t ! food is tak5 too rapidly1 f too l>ge a hole 9 ! nipple4 ,x may be due to too tight clo?+1 or to mov+ ! *ild ab\t 9 su* a way z to press ^u ! /oma*4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal causes (1 & ! *anges 9 ! food requir$ by habitual vomit+1 regurgitation1 or spitt+ up ( small quantities ( food betwe5 fe$+s1 (t5 repeat$ _m times a day8 ,?is is always a symptom ( ga/ric indige/ion1 & a mo/ tr\blesome "o4 ,9 su* conditions ! fat & (t5 ! sug> also %\ld be r$uc$ & ! lime-wat] increas$4 ,=mulas made f ri* top-milk or milk & cream are to be avoid$4 ,^? made f #g-p]-c5t milk are less likely to be ! cause ( tr\ble ?an ^? f #aj-p]-c5t milk2 b if ! symptoms are at all sev]e x is bett] to use in/ead ( ^! ! =mulas ( ! ,f\r? ,s]ies d]iv$ f pla9 milk4 ,r$uction 9 ! sug> may be made by add+ only "o half ounce ( milk sug> to ea* tw5ty ounces ( ! food2 9 sev]e cases ! sug> may be omitt$ altoge!r4 ,x is (t5 advisable to d\ble ! am\nt ( lime-wat]--i4e41 use two ounces to ea* tw5ty ounces ( food4 ,! malt$ foods & all o!r foods conta9+ mu* sug> usually aggravate ! symptoms4 ,! int]vals betwe5 meals %\ld g5]ally be half an h\r long]1 & sometimes an h\r long]1 ?an :5 dige/ion is normal4 ,! quantity giv5 at a fe$+ %\ld g5]ally be less ?an ) a normal dige/ion4 ,usually a small] quantity ( a /rong food succe$s bett] ?an a l>g] quantity ( a weak food4 ,:at are ! causes (1 & food *anges requir$ by a con/ant & excessive =mation ( gas 9 ! /oma*1 lead+ to di/5tion & pa91 or eructations 7bel*+7 ( gas & (t5 ( a s\r1 wat]y fluid8 ,?is is (t5 associat$ ) habitual vomit+1 & is due to simil> causes1 b p>ticul>ly to ! sug>1 :i* %\ld be greatly r$uc$ or omitt$ entirely4 ,:at *anges %\ld be made :5 !re is habitual colic8 ,?is is g5]ally due to an accumulation ( gas 9 ! inte/9es :i* =ms !re because ! proteids 7curd7 ( ! milk are n dige/$4 ,!y %\ld be r$uc$ by us+ 9 ! e>ly mon?s a weak] =mula--i4e41 in/ead ( ,=mula ,v ( ! ,fir/ or ,second ,s]ies1 ,,iv might be us$1 or1 = a %ort "t1 ev5 ,,iii4 ,! proteids may be r$uc$ 9 ! middle p]iod by us+ weak] =mulas ,if we desire to r$uce ! proteids )\t r$uc+ ! fat1 we may *ange f ! ,second to ! ,fir/ ,s]ies4 ,ano!r means ( reliev+ habitual colic is ! use ( p>tially peptoniz$ milk 7page #aae72 /ill ano!r ! dilution ) b>ley-wat] in/ead ( pla9 wat]4 ,:at *ange %\ld be made if curds appe> 9 ! /ools regul>ly or frequ5tly8 ,?is is usually associat$ ) habitual colic1 & has to be manag$ exactly l t condition1 by ! means j describ$4 ,h[ %\ld ! milk be modifi$ = *ronic con/ipation8 ,! con/ipation ( ! fir/ weeks ( life has be5 already ref]r$ to 7page #hb72 x usually disappe>s z ! food is gradually /r5g!n$ 9 all its proportions4 ,habitual con/ipation at a lat] p]iod is difficult to ov]come by diet alone4 ,x sometimes dep5ds ^u ! fact t ! proteids are too high1 & sometimes t ! fat is too l[4 ,h5ce x is m frequ5t :5 infants are f$ ^u pla9 milk v>i\sly dilut$ 7page #ij71 !n :5 #g-p]-c5t or #aj-p]-c5t milk is us$1 & dilut$ to a great] degree4 ,b x is n desirable to use a top-milk conta9+ m ?an t5 p] c5t fat = ?is purpose1 nor is x wise to c>ry ! fat 9 ! food above #d p] c5t 7i4e41 #h ounces ( #aj-p]-c5t milk1 or #ab ounces ( #g-p]-c5t milk1 9 a #bj-ounce mixture7 or o!r di/urbances ( dige/ion may be produc$4 ,9 "s cases ! use1 9 place ( milk sug>1 ( ord9>y br[n sug>1 9 half ! quantity1 is ( assi/ance2 or ( "s ( ! malt$ foods 7,mell9's food1 malt$ milk1 c]eal milk7 also 9 ! place ( milk sug>4 ,! sub/itution ( ! milk ( magnesia = ! lime-wat] z recomm5d$ on page #fj w (t5 be f\nd useful4 ,to infants ov] n9e mon?s old1 orange juice may be giv54 ,:at special modifications are requir$ dur+ v hot wea!r8 ,dur+ ! w>m season x is well to make ! proportion ( fat less ?an dur+ cold wea!r4 ,dur+ %ort p]iods ( excessive heat x %\ld be mu* less4 ,! fat is r$uc$ by us+ #g-p]-c5t milk 9 place ( #aj-p]-c5t 7i4e41 ! ,second in/ead ( ! ,fir/ ,s]ies ( =mulas1 page #ga71 or pla9 milk 9 place ( ! #g-p]-c5t milk 9 ! ,second & ,?ird ,s]ies 7page #ij74 ,at su* times also ! usual food %\ld be dilut$1 & wat] %\ld be giv5 freely betwe5 ! fe$+s4 ,:at *anges %\ld be made 9 ! food ( a *ild :o1 ) all ! signs ( good dige/ion1 ga9s v little or n at all 9 weight8 ,if ! *ild seems hungry ! quantity ( food may be increas$2 b if ! *ild w n readily take any m 9 quantity ! /r5g? may be increas$ by ! use ( ! next high] =mula4 ,"o %\ld1 h[ev]1 be extremely c>eful "u ^! circum/ances n to coax or =ce a *ild2 = ?is plan is almo/ c]ta9 to cause di/urbance ( dige/ion & actual loss 9 weight4 ,a bett] policy is t ( look+ aft] ! o!r factors 9 ! *ild's life1--! c>e1 sleep1 fre% air1 etc41 = ) ^! r ?an ) ! food ! tr\ble (t5 lies4 ,:at %\ld be done ) infants :o 9 spite ( all v>iations 9 ! milk cont9ue to h symptoms ( indige/ion & d n ?rive8 ,except inmates ( in/itutions :o =m a class by !mselves1 mo/ infants :o receive prop] c>e ?rive ^u milk if ! proportions suit$ to ! dige/ion are giv54 ,/ill !re are "s :o d n4 ,! nutrition ( su* is always a matt] ( difficulty4 ,if a wet-nurse is available ! employm5t ( "o is ! ?+ mo/ likely to succe$1 p>ticul>ly if ! infant is "u f\r or five mon?s old4 ,if ! infant is old]1 or if a wet-nurse _c be obta9$1 "s ( ! sub/itutes = fre% c['s milk may be tri$4 ,"o ( ! be/ is cond5s$ milk1 ,bord5's ,eagle br&1 cann$1 be+ pref]r$4 ,?is is m likely to agree if ! symptoms are *iefly inte/9al 7colic1 flatul5ce1 curds 9 ! /ools1 con/ipation or di>rhoea7 ?an if !y are *iefly ga/ric 7vomit+1 regurgitation1 etc474 ,h[ %\ld cond5s$ milk be us$8 ,= an infant ?ree or f\r mon?s old ) symptoms ( indige/ion1 x %\ld at fir/ be dilut$ ) #af p>ts ( boil$ wat]1 or1 sometimes pref]ably1 ) b>ley-wat]4 ,) improvem5t 9 ! symptoms ! dilution may be made #a to #ad1 #a to #ab1 #a to #aj1 & #a to #h1 ^! *anges be+ gradually made4 ,! int]vals betwe5 fe$+s & ! quantities = "o fe$+ are giv5 on page #ajh4 ,h[ long %\ld cond5s$ milk be cont9u$8 ,9 mo/ cases x %\ld be us$ z ! sole food = a few weeks only4 ,aft]w>d1 "o fe$+ a day ( a weak =mula ( modifi$ milk 7e4g41 ,no4 ,,iii or ,,iv ( ! ,second ,s]ies1 page #ga7 may be giv52 lat] two fe$+s1 & ?us gradually ! numb] ( milk fe$+s is increas$ until ! *ild is tak+ only modifi$ milk4 ,cond5s$ milk is n to be recomm5d$ z a p]man5t food :]e good fre% c['s milk c be obta9$4 ,:at are ! objections to its use8 ,x is v l[ 9 fat & proteids1 & high 9 sug>4 ,?is acc\nts = its easy dige/ibility1 & also expla9s :y *ildr5 re>$ ^u x (t5 ga9 v rapidly 9 weight1 yet h z a rule b little resi/ance4 ,!y are v prone to develop rickets & sometimes scurvy4 ,are ! propriet>y infant foods op5 to ! same objections z cond5s$ milk8 ,!y are4 ,:at has be5 said ( cond5s$ milk applies equally well to mo/ ( ^? t are sold 9 ! m>ket z sub/itutes = milk4 ,:at *anges 9 ! food are requir$ by slight indisposition8 ,= slight g5]al di/urbances su* z d5tition1 colds1 sore ?roats1 etc41 x is usually suffici5t simply to dilute ! food4 ,if ?is is b = two or ?ree fe$+s1 x is mo/ easily done by replac+ ) boil$ wat] an ounce or two ( ! food remov$ f ! bottle j be=e x is giv52 if = sev]al days1 a weak] =mula %\ld be us$4 ,:at *anges %\ld be made = a s]i\s acute illness8 ,= su* attacks z ^? ( pneumonia1 bron*itis measles1 etc41 att5d$ ) fev]1 ! food %\ld be dilut$ & ! fat r$uc$ z describ$ on page #ie4 ,x %\ld be giv5 at regul> int]vals1 r less frequ5tly ?an 9 heal?4 ,wat] %\ld be giv5 freely betwe5 ! fe$+s4 ,food %\ld n be =c$ 9 ! e>ly days ( an acute illness1 s9ce ! loss ( appetite usually means an inability to dige/ mu* food4 ,:at imm$iate *anges %\ld be made 9 ! food :5 ! *ild is tak5 ) an acute attack ( ga/ric indige/ion ) repeat$ vomit+1 fev]1 pa91 etc48 ,all milk %\ld be /opp$ at once1 & only boil$ wat] giv5 = t5 or twelve h\rs2 aft]w>d b>ley-wat] or :ey may be tri$1 b no milk = at lea/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs aft] ! vomit+ has ceas$4 ,:5 beg9n+ ) modifi$ milk ! quantity %\ld be small & ! fat l[1 :i* may be secur$ by ! use ( ! ,f\r? ,s]ies ( =mulas 9 ! place ( ! ,fir/ or ,second ,s]ies4 ,! proportion ( lime-wat] may be d\bl$4 ,:at *anges %\ld be made = an attack ( inte/9al indige/ion att5d$ by loos5ess ( ! b[els8 ,if ?is is n sev]e 7only two or ?ree passages daily7 ! fat %\ld be l[]$ 9 ! mann] /at$ j above1 & ! milk %\ld be boil$ = five m9utes4 ,if curds are pres5t 9 ! /ools1 x may be /ill fur!r dilut$4 ,if ! di>rhoeal attack is m sev]e1 & att5d$ by fev] & f\l-smell+ movem5ts ( great] frequ5cy1 all milk %\ld be /opp$ imm$iately & ! diet m5tion$ j above "u ! head ( acute di/urbances ( ! /oma* %\ld be employ$4 ,:at *anges 9 ! food %\ld be made :5 ! *ild seems to h v little appetite & yet is n ill8 ,! numb] ( fe$+s %\ld be r$uc$1 ! int]val be+ l5g!n$ by "o h\r or ev5 m4 ,no great] mi/ake c be made ?an to (f] food e h\r or two to an infant :o is n hungry4 ,su* a c\rse only prolongs & aggravates ! di/urbance4 ,:at o!r conditions besides ! food greatly ,influ5ce ! *ild's dige/ion8 ,prop] clo?+1 w>m feet1 regul> habits1 fre% air1 clean bottles1 & food giv5 at ! prop] temp]ature are all q z important z ! prep>ation ( ! food2 quiet peaceful surr\nd+s & abs5ce ( excitem5t are also ess5tial to good dige/ion4 ,,common ,,mi/akes ,,9 ,,milk ,,modification ,,& ,,infant ,,fe$+ ,i4 ,9 us+ modifications made f top-milk1 mu* confusion arises f ! notion t top-milk is a s+le def9ite ?+1 :]eas its composition dep5ds ^u a great v>iety ( conditions &1 unless all ^! are kn[n1 x is impossible to tell h[ /rong x is4 ,directions = ! removal ( top-milk %\ld be explicitly foll[$ 7see page #fc71 or ! results w be v diff]5t f ^? expect$4 ,,ii4 ,9 =mulas call+ = a c]ta9 numb] ( ounces ( top-milk ( any giv5 /r5g?1 ! mi/ake is made ( remov+ only ! numb] ( ounces ne$$ = ! =mula4 ,! prop] way is to remove ! am\nt requir$ to secure a top-milk ( ! desir$ /r5g? & !n to take ( ?is ! numb] ( ounces ne$$ 9 ! =mula4 ,,iii4 ,a ri* ,j]sey milk is us$ z if x 7 ord9>y milk4 ,! =mulas giv5 9 ?is book are *iefly calculat$ on ! basis ( a good av]age milk :i* conta9s ab\t #d p] c5t fat4 ,_m p]sons h ! idea t ! ri*] ! milk1 ! m rapidly ! *ild w ga9 9 weight1 & h5ce ! sup]iority ( su* milk = infant fe$+4 ,:ile x is true t "s *ildr5 tak+ a v ri* milk may1 = a "t1 ga9 rapidly 9 weight1 yet soon] or lat]1 s]i\s di/urbances ( dige/ion are ne>ly always produc$4 ,,iv4 ,! food is increas$ too rapidly1 p>ticul>ly aft] "s di/urbance ( dige/ion4 ,if1 9 an infant ?ree or f\r mon?s old1 an attack ( some:at acute indige/ion occurs1 ! food %\ld seldom be giv5 9 full /r5g? be=e two weeks4 ,! increase 9 ! diet %\ld be made v gradually1 ! /eps be+ made only "o half ^? indicat$ 9 ! s]ies ( =mulas on pages #gj & #ga4 ,o!rwise x g5]ally happ5s t ! attack ( indige/ion is v mu* prolong$ & mu* loss 9 weight occurs4 ,v4 ,:5 symptoms ( indige/ion occur1 ! food is n r$uc$ rapidly en\gh4 ,indige/ion usually means t ! organs are1 = ! "t1 unequal to ! "w impos$4 ,if ! food is imm$iately r$uc$ by "o half1 ! organs ( dige/ion soon rega9 _! p[] & ! di/urbance is %ort4 ,9 e case ! am\nt ( r$uction %\ld dep5d ^u ! degree ( ! di/urbance4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,c[',s ,,milk ,,at ,,home ,:at articles are requir$ = ! prep>ation ( c['s milk at home8 ,fe$+-bottles1 rubb] nipples1 an eight-ounce graduat$ measur+ glass1 a glass or agate funnel1 bottle bru%1 cotton1 alcohol lamp or1 bett]1 a ,buns5 gas burn]1 a tall qu>t cup = w>m+ bottles ( milk1 a pit*] = mix+ ! food1 a wide-m\? bottle = boric acid & "o = bic>bonate ( soda1 & a pa/euriz]4 ,lat]1 a d\ble boil] = cook+ c]eals w be ne$$4 ,:at bottles are to be pref]r$8 ,a cyl9drical graduat$ bottle ) a r wide neck1 s z to admit ( easy wa%+1 & "o :i* conta9s no angles or corn]s4 ,a s+le size hold+ eight ounces is q suffici5t = use dur+ ! fir/ ye>4 ,all complicat$ bottles are bad1 be+ difficult to clean4 ,"o %\ld h z _m bottles 9 use z ! *ild takes meals a day4 ,h[ %\ld bottles be c>$ =8 ,z soon z !y are empti$ !y %\ld be r9s$ ) cold wat] & all[$ to /& fill$ ) wat] to :i* a little bic>bonate ( soda has be5 add$4 ,be=e ! milk is put into !m !y %\ld be ?or\ghly wa%$ ) a bottle bru% & hot soap-suds & !n plac$ = tw5ty m9utes 9 boil+ wat]4 ,:at sort ( nipples %\ld be us$8 ,only simple /raight nipples :i* slip ov] ! neck ( ! bottle4 ,^? ) a rubb] or glass tube are too complicat$ & v difficult to keep clean4 ,nipples made ( black rubb] are to be pref]r$4 ,! hole 9 ! nipple %\ld n be s l>ge t ! milk w run 9 a /ream1 b j l>ge en\gh = x to drop rapidly :5 ! bottle ) ! nipple atta*$ is inv]t$4 ,h[ %\ld nipples be c>$ =8 ,new nipples %\ld be boil$ = five m9utes2 b x is unnecess>y to repeat ?is e day z !y soon become s s(t z to be almo/ useless4 ,aft] us+1 nipples %\ld be c>efully r9s$ 9 cold wat] & kept 9 a cov]$ glass conta9+ a solution ( borax or boric acid4 ,at lea/ once a day !y %\ld be turn$ wrong side out & ?or\ghly wa%$ ) soap & wat]4 ,:at sort ( cotton %\ld be us$8 ,! ref9$ non-absorb5t cotton is r bett] = /opp]+ bottles1 b ! ord9>y absorb5t cotton w answ] e purpose4 ,:i* is bett]1 ! ,buns5 burn] or ! alcohol lamp8 ,if !re is gas 9 ! h\se1 ! ,buns5 burn] is greatly to be pref]r$1 be+ *eap]1 simpl]1 & mu* saf] ?an ! alcohol lamp4 ,if ! lamp is us$1 x %\ld /& ^u a table cov]$ ) a plate ( z9c or t91 or ^u a l>ge t9 tray4 ,! ,fr5* patt]n ( alcohol lamp is ! be/4 ,give ! directions = prep>+ ! food accord+ to any ( ! above =mulas4 ,! nurse's h&s1 bottles1 tables1 & all ut5sils %\ld be scrupul\sly clean4 ,fir/ dissolve ! milk sug> 9 boil+ wat]1 filt]+ if necess>y4 ,!n add ! milk & cream & lime-wat]1 mix+ ! :ole 9 a pit*]4 ,a suffici5t quantity ( food = tw5ty-f\r h\rs is always to be prep>$ at "o "t4 ,?is is !n divid$ into ! numb] ( fe$+s requir$ = ! day1 ea* fe$+ be+ put 9 a sep>ate bottle1 & ! bottle /opp]$ ) cotton4 ,! bottles %\ld !n be cool$ rapidly by /&+1 fir/ 9 tepid !n 9 cold wat]1 & aft]w>d plac$ 9 an ice *e/4 ,if ! milk is to be pa/euriz$ or /]iliz$1 ?is %\ld prec$e ! cool+4 ,,directions ,,= ,,fe$+ ,,infants ,h[ %\ld ! bottle be prep>$ at fe$+ "t8 ,x %\ld be tak5 f ! ice *e/1 & w>m$ by /&+ 9 w>m wat] :i* is deep en\gh to cov] ! milk 9 ! bottle2 x %\ld !n be ?or\ghly %ak5 & ! nipple adju/$2 ! nurse %\ld see t ! hole 9 ! nipple is n too l>ge nor too small4 ,h[ may ! temp]ature ( ! milk be te/$8 ,nev] by putt+ ! nipple 9 ! nurse's m\?4 ,be=e adju/+ ! nipple1 a teaspoonful may be p\r$ f ! bottle & ta/$1 or a few drops may be p\r$ ?r\gh ! nipple ^u ! inn] surface ( ! wri/1 :]e x %\ld feel q w>m b nev] hot2 or a !rmomet] may be plac$ 9 ! wat] 9 :i* ! bottle /&s4 ,a dairy !rmomet] %\ld be us$1 & ! temp]ature ( ! wat] %\ld be betwe5 #ih deg4 & #aje deg4 ,f4 ,:at is a simple contrivance = keep+ ! milk w>m dur+ fe$+8 ,a small flannel bag ) a draw /r+ may be slipp$ ov] ! bottle4 ,9 :at position %\ld an infant take its bottle8 ,= ! fir/ two or ?ree mon?s x is bett]1 except at night1 :5 x may be undesirable to take ! infant f its crib1 t x be held on ! nurse's arm dur+ ! fe$+2 lat] x may lie on its side 9 ! crib provid$ ! bottle is held by ! nurse until x has be5 empti$2 o!rwise a "y infant readily falls into ! bad habit ( alt]nately suck+ & sleep+1 & (t5 w be an h\r or m ov] its bottle4 ,h[ mu* "t %\ld be all[$ = "o fe$+8 ,nev] m ?an tw5ty m9utes4 ,! bottle %\ld !n be tak5 away & n giv5 until ! next fe$+ "t4 ,"u no circum/ances %\ld an infant =m ! habit ( sleep+ ) ! nipple 9 its m\?4 ,a sleepy infant %\ld be kept awake by g5tle %ak+ until ! food is tak51 or ! bottle %\ld be remov$ altoge!r4 ,%\ld an infant be play$ ) soon aft] fe$+8 ,on no acc\nt2 su* a ?+ frequ5tly causes vomit+ & sometimes indige/ion4 ,aft] e fe$+ ! infant %\ld be all[$ to lie quietly 9 its crib1 & di/urb$ z little z possible4 ,,int]vals ,,( ,,fe$+ ,h[ (t5 %\ld a baby be f$ dur+ ! fir/ mon?8 ,e two h\rs dur+ ! day & twice dur+ ! night1 or t5 fe$+s dur+ ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,at :at age may ! int]val be made two & a half h\rs8 ,usually at five or six weeks4 ,:5 may x be increas$ to ?ree h\rs8 ,usually at two mon?s4 ,:y %\ld n a *ild be f$ m frequ5tly8 ,x takes ! /oma* ne>ly two h\rs to dige/ a meal at two mon?s1 & ab\t two & a half h\rs at five or six mon?s1 & if ! meals are too ne> toge!r ! second "o is giv5 be=e ! fir/ has be5 dige/$ & vomit+ & indige/ion result4 ,! meals %\ld be f> en\gh ap>t to give ! /oma* a little "t = re/ j be=e ea* fe$+4 ,s*$ule = ,fe$+ ,heal?y ,infants dur+ ! ,fir/ ,ye> ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,age4 ,int]val ,night ,no4 ( ,quantity ,quantity betwe5 fe$+s fe$+s = "o = #bd meals1 7#aj ,p4,m4 9 #bd fe$+4 h\rs4 by day4 to #g ,a4,m474 h\rs4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,h\rs4 ,ounces4 ,ounces4 #b;d to #g? day #b #b #aj #a -#a-a_/b #aj-ae #b;d & #c;d weeks #b #b #aj #a-a_/b - #c #ae-cj #d? & #e? weeks #b #a #aj #b-a_/b - #c-a_/b #be-ce #f? to #h? week #b-a_/b #a #h #c - #e #bd-dj #c;d to #e? mon? #c #a #g #d - #f #bh-db #e? to #i? mon? #c #j #f #e - #g-a_/b #cj-de #i? to #ab? mon? #d #j #e #g - #i #ce-de ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,?is s*$ule gives ! av]ages = heal?y *ildr5 ,! small] quantities are ^? requir$ by small *ildr5 ^: dige/ion is n v vigor\s4 ,! l>g] quantities are ^? requir$ by l>ge *ildr5 ) /rong dige/ion2 9 v few cases w x be advisable to g above ^! figures4 ,! int]val is reckon$ f ! beg9n+ ( "o fe$+ to ! beg9n+ ( ! next "o4 ,:5 %\ld ! int]val betwe5 ! fe$+s be l5g!n$8 ,:5 !re is ga/ric indige/ion z %[n by habitual vomit+ or ! regurgitation ( food long aft] ! bottle is f9i%$2 also :5 ! appetite is v poor s t ! infant regul>ly leaves "s ( its food4 ,:5 %\ld ! int]val betwe5 ! fe$+s be %ort5$8 ,?is is done mu* too frequ5tly2 x is r>ely advisable to fe$ any infant1 except "o s]i\sly ill1 (t5] ?an ! "t put d[n 9 ! s*$ule4 ,,regul>ity ,,9 ,,fe$+ ,h[ c a baby be taught to be regul> 9 its habits ( eat+ & sleep+8 ,by always fe$+ at regul> int]vals & putt+ to sleep at exactly ! same "t e day & ev5+4 ,:5 %\ld regul> tra9+ be begun8 ,dur+ ! fir/ week ( life4 ,%\ld a baby be wak5$ to be nurs$ or f$ if sleep+ quietly8 ,yes1 = a few days4 ,?is w n be requir$ long1 = ) regul> fe$+ an infant soon wakes regul>ly = its meal1 almo/ ^u ! m9ute4 ,%\ld regul>ity 9 fe$+ be kept up at night z well z dur+ ! day8 ,only up to n9e or t5 o'clock2 aft] t "t a baby %\ld be all[$ to sleep z long z x w4 ,at :at age may a well baby g )\t food f #aj ,p4,m4 to #f or #g ,a4,m48 ,usually at f\r mon?s1 & always at five or six mon?s4 ,night fe$+ is "o ( ! mo/ frequ5t causes ( wakefulness & di/urb$ sleep4 ,,/]iliz$ ,,milk ,:at is meant by /]iliz+ milk8 ,heat+ milk = ! purpose ( de/roy+ g]ms4 ,does all c[s milk conta9 g]ms8 ,yes2 ev5 :5 h&l$ mo/ c>efully1 milk conta9s _m g]ms2 b :5 c>elessly h&l$1 & 9 summ]1 ! numb] is enorm\s4 ,:ile mo/ ( ^! are h>mless or cause only ! s\r+ ( milk1 o!rs are occasionally pres5t :i* may produce s]i\s diseases su* z typhoid fev]1 diph!ria sc>let fev]1 *ol]a1 tub]culosis1 & _m =ms ( di>rhoea4 ,"u :at circum/ances is x necess>y to /]ilize milk8 #a4 ,9 w>m wea!r :5 x _c be obta9$ fre%2 h5ce always 9 cities & t[ns dur+ ! summ]4 #b4 ,:5 "o _c be c]ta9 t ! c[s are heal?y1 or t ! milk has be5 c>efully h&l$4 #c4 ,:5 ! milk is to be kept = any consid]able "t 7i4e41 ov] tw5ty-f\r h\rs71 especially if no ice c be _h4 #d4 ,dur+ epidemics ( typhoid fev]1 sc>let fev]1 diph!ria1 or any =m ( di>rhoeal disease4 ,:at are ! two me?ods ( heat+ milk8 ,! fir/ is kn[n z /]iliz+1 9 :i* ! milk is heat$ to #bab deg4 ,f4 = "o h\r or "o h\r & a half2 ! second is kn[n z pa/euriz+1 9 :i* ! milk is heat$ to #aee deg4 or #agj deg4 ,f4 = ?irty m9utes4 ,a temp]ature ( #aee deg4 ,f4 cont9u$ = ?irty m9utes is suffici5t to kill ! g]ms ( ! diseases above ref]r$ to4 ,w milk :i* has be5 ?us treat$ keep indef9itely8 ,no2 = al?\gh all ! liv+ g]ms may be kill$1 !re are _m undevelop$ g]ms1 or spores1 :i* are n de/roy$1 & :i* soon gr[ into liv+ g]ms4 ,milk heat$ to #bab deg4 ,f4 = an h\r w keep ^u ice = two or ?ree weeks2 t heat$ to #aee deg4 ,f4 = two or ?ree days4 ,is milk :i* has be5 /]iliz$ always a safe food8 ,no2 = ! reason t ! milk may be s old1 s dirty1 & s contam9at$ be=e /]iliz+ t x may be /ill unfit = food1 ?\gh x conta9s no liv+ g]ms4 ,is c['s milk r5d]$ m dige/ible by be+ heat$ 9 ?is way8 ,/]iliz+ milk does n improve its dige/ibility b r ! contr>y4 ,/]iliz$ milk %\ld be modifi$ = infant fe$+ 9 ! same way z milk :i* has n be5 heat$4 ,is milk 9 any way injur$ by heat+ to #bab deg4 ,f4 = an h\r8 ,!re is abundant evid5ce t milk is r5d]$ less dige/ible by su* heat+2 also t x is m con/ipat+1 & t = "s *ildr5 its nutritive prop]ties are int]f]$ )1 s t x may cause scurvy2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n se5 unless x is cont9u$ z ! sole food = a long p]iod4 ,^! objections are ( s mu* importance t ?is plan ( heat+ milk is n to be recomm5d$ = g5]al use4 ,:5 is x advantage\s to heat milk to #bab deg4 ,f48 ,= use ^u long j\rneys1 su* z cross+ ! ocean4 ,milk %\ld !n be heat$ = "o h\r ^u two successive days1 )\t remov+ ! cotton /opp]s f ! bottles4 ,is milk 9 any way injur$ by heat+ to #aee deg4 ,f4 = ?irty m9utes8 ,?is po9t is n yet def9itely settl$4 ,su* heat+ does n affect ! ta/e ( milk & does n r5d] x m con/ipat+4 ,! unfav\rable effects2 if !re are any1 are s slight t !y ne$ n det] "o f ! use ( pa/euriz$ milk1 ev5 = long p]iods4 ,! pref]5ce1 h[ev]1 %\ld always be giv5 to milk :i* is s clean & s fre% z n to require any heat+4 ,h[ %\ld milk be pa/euriz$8 ,a conv5i5t =m ( app>atus is t kn[n z ,freeman's pa/euriz]#e2 ano!r is ! ,walk]-,gordon pa/euriz]4#f #e ,?is c be obta9$ at #daa ,we/ ,fifty-n9? ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 ) bottles & full directions2 a t9 "o1 at a co/ ( #c4ej1 & a copp] "o1 :i* is mu* m durable1 = #g4jj4 #f ,obta9$ at ! same prices f any ( ! ,walk]-,gordon milk laboratories4 ,h[ %\ld milk be cool$ aft] pa/euriz+8 ,always by plac+ ! bottles 9 cold wat]1 s z to cool !m rapidly2 nev] by lett+ !m /& at ! temp]ature ( ! room1 or by plac+ !m1 :5 w>m1 9 an ice box4 ,:y is ?is precaution necess>y8 ,cool+ 9 ! air or 9 an ice box requires f two to f\r h\rs1 & dur+ t "t a great _m ( ! undevelop$ g]ms may mature & greatly injure ! keep+ prop]ties ( ! milk4 ,9 ! cold wat]1 milk c be cool$ 9 f t5 to tw5ty m9utes if ! wat] is frequ5tly *ang$1 or if ice is add$ to ! wat]4 ,,modifi$ ,,milk ,,( ,,! ,,milk ,,laboratories ,:at is modifi$ milk ( ! milk laboratories8 ,x is milk conta9+ def9ite proportions ( ! fat1 sug>1 proteids1 etc41 put up usually accord+ to ! prescription ( a physician1 :o indicates h[ mu* ( ! diff]5t elem5ts he desires4 ,! mo/ reliable are ! laboratories ( ! ,walk]-,gordon ,company1 :i* has bran*es 9 _m ( ! l>ge cities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is is an excell5t me?od ( hav+ milk prep>$ s9ce x c be done ) great] c>e & cleanl9ess ?an are possible 9 mo/ homes4 ,x is besides a great conv5i5ce if circum/ances make x impossible to prep>e ! milk prop]ly at home4 ,! laboratory %\ld be us$ = infant fe$+ only by "o :o is some:at famili> ) ?is me?od ( ord]+ milk4 ,,peptoniz$ ,,milk ,:at is peptoniz$ milk8 ,milk 9 :i* ! proteids 7curd7 h be5 p>tially dige/$4 ,h[ is ?is accompli%$8 ,by ! action ( a peptoniz+ p[d] :i* is compos$ ( a dige/ive ag5t kn[n z ! extractum pancreatis & bic>bonate ( soda1 :i* is add$ to ! pla9 or dilut$ milk4 ,?is is sold 9 tubes or 9 tablets1 & x is ! active +r$i5t ( ! peptog5ic milk p[d]4 ,describe ! process4 ,! pla9 or modifi$ milk is plac$ 9 a clean glass j> or bottle1 & ! peptoniz+ p[d]1 :i* is fir/ rubb$ up ) a tablespoonful ( ! milk1 is add$ & ! bottle %ak54 ,! bottle is !n plac$ 9 a l>ge pit*] or bas9 conta9+ wat] kept at ! temp]ature ( ab\t #aaj deg4 ,f41 or z w>m z ! h& c be> com=tably1 & left = t5 to tw5ty m9utes if ! milk is to be p>tially peptoniz$2 = two h\rs if x is to be completely peptoniz$4 ,:at ta/e has p>tially peptoniz$ milk8 ,none1 if peptoniz+ is cont9u$ = only t5 m9utes1 b at ! end ( tw5ty m9utes x beg9s to be bitt]1 :5 ! process ( dige/ion has gone fur!r4 ,h[ is ! bitt] ta/e avoid$ 9 p>tially peptoniz$ milk8 ,at ! end ( t5 or fifte5 m9utes ! milk may be plac$ 9 a saucepan & quickly rais$ to boil+ po9t2 ?is kills ! f]m5t1 s t ! milk w n become bitt] :5 w>m$ a second "t4 ,or1 ! milk may be rapidly cool$ by plac+ ! bottles fir/ 9 cool & !n 9 ice wat]2 9 ?is way ! f]m5t is n de/roy$1 & ! milk may become bitt] :5 w>m$ = fe$+4 ,%\ld ! :ole day's supply be peptoniz$ at once1 or ea* bottle sep>ately j be=e ! fe$+8 ,ei!r plan may be foll[$4 ,if ! =m]1 x is bett] to raise ! milk to boil+ po9t aft] peptoniz+2 if ! latt]1 x %\ld n be peptoniz$ m ?an t5 m9utes1 = x w cont9ue to peptonize :ile x is be+ tak5 by ! *ild4 ,is n ! bitt] ta/e ( completely peptoniz$ milk a great ob/acle to its use8 ,n 9 ! case ( "y infants2 "o "u f\r or five mon?s old w usually take x )\t any objection aft] two or ?ree fe$+s2 b x _c (t5 be us$ = ^? :o are mu* old]4 ,h[ mu* ( ! peptoniz+ p[d] %\ld be us$8 ,!re are requir$ = "o p9t ( pla9 milk1 five gra9s ( ! extractum pancreatis & fifte5 gra9s ( bic>bonate ( soda4 ,?is quantity is usually put up 9 a s+le tube or tablet4 ,9 ! =mulas previ\sly giv51 less ?an ?is w be requir$2 = ! weak] =mulas1 "o half or "o ?ird ( ! p[d] m5tion$ w be suffici5t = "o p9t ( food4 ,= a s+le fe$+ ( f\r ounces1 "o may use "o eigh? ( a tube ) a weak =mula1 or "o six? ( a tube ) a /rong] =mula4 ,:at are ! advantages ( peptoniz$ milk8 ,p>tially peptoniz$ milk is useful = "y infants :o h great difficulty 9 dige/+ ! curd ( milk1 sometimes ev5 :5 dilut$ z already describ$2 completely peptoniz$ milk1 dur+ acute attacks ( indige/ion4 ,= h[ long a p]iod may ! use ( peptoniz$ milk be cont9u$8 ,completely peptoniz$ milk may be us$ = a few days1 or at mo/ a few weeks2 p>tially peptoniz$ milk may be us$ = two or ?ree mon?s1 b n indef9itely2 x %\ld be left (f gradually by %ort5+ ! "t ( peptoniz+1 & less5+ ! am\nt ( ! p[d] us$4 ,,fe$+ ,,dur+ ,,! ,,second ,,ye> ,h[ _m meals are requir$ dur+ ! second ye>8 ,x is usually bett] to cont9ue five meals ?r\gh\t ! second ye>4 ,"s *ildr5 w sleep f #f ,p4,m4 to #f ,a4,m4 )\t wak+1 b unless !re is a fe$+ at #aj ,p4,m4 *ildr5 are apt to wake v e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,%\ld ea* fe$+ be prep>$ at ! "t x is giv51 or all fe$+s at "o "t1 z dur+ ! fir/ ye>8 ,dur+ ! second & ?ird ye>s x is bett] to prep>e ! milk = ! entire day at "o "t4 ,if x is to be modifi$ by add+ cream1 wat]1 etc41 x is done z dur+ ! fir/ ye>4 ,lat]1 :5 only pla9 milk is us$1 ! quantities ne$$ = ! diff]5t fe$+s %\ld be put into "o or into two bottles1 :i* !n may be pa/euriz$ or n z may be necess>y4 ,9 ?is way ! diff]5t fe$+s are kept sep>ate1 & ! day's supply ( milk is n di/urb$ e "t ! *ild is f$1 z o!rwise is unavoidable4 ,! food %\ld be prep>$ z soon z possible aft] ! daily milk supply is deliv]$ 9 ! morn+4 ,give a prop] diet = an av]age heal?y *ild ( twelve mon?s4 #f4cj ,a4,m4 ,milk1 six to sev5 ounces2 dilut$ ) b>ley or oat gruel1 two to ?ree ounces2 aft] ! ?irte5? mon?1 tak5 f a cup4 #i ,a4,m4 ,orange juice1 "o to two ounces4 #aj ,a4,m4 ,milk1 two p>ts2 oatmeal or b>ley gruel1 "o "p2 f t5 to twelve ounces 9 all may be all[$2 x %\ld be giv5 f a cup4 #b ,p4,m4 ,beef juice1 "o to two ounces2 or1 ! :ite ( "o egg1 slightly cook$2 lat]1 ! entire egg2 or1 mutton or *ick5 bro?1 f\r to six ounces4 ,milk & gruel 9 proportions above giv51 f\r to six ounces4 #f ,p4,m4 ,same z at #aj ,a4,m4 #aj ,p4,m4 ,same z at #f4cj ,a4,m41 except t ! milk may be giv5 f ! bottle4 ,h[ long may ?is s*$ule be foll[$8 ,usually until ! f\rte5? or fifte5? mon?4 ,aft] ?is "t ! c]eals may be giv5 mu* ?ick] & f$ f a spoon4 ,may any o!r fruit juices be giv5 at ?is p]iod8 ,orange juice is ! be/2 next to ?is ! juice ( fre% ripe pea*es1 r$ raspb]ries or /rawb]ries4 ,all ^! %\ld be /ra9$ v c>efully ?r\gh musl9 to make sure t ! *ild gets none ( ! pulp or se$s1 ei!r ( :i* may cause s]i\s di/urbance4 ,( ! orange or pea* juice1 f "o to f\r tablespoonfuls may be all[$ at "o "t2 ( ! o!rs ab\t half ! quantity4 ,! fruit juice is be/ giv5 "o h\r be=e ! second fe$+4 ,:5 %\ld a *ild be wean$ f its bottle8 ,mo/ *ildr5 c & %\ld be taught to take _! food f ! cup or spoon by ! "t !y are ?irte5 mon?s old2 b x is conv5i5t to give ! #aj ,p4,m4 fe$+ f ! bottle dur+ ! great] "p ( ! second ye> 7see page #eb74 ,give a prop] diet = an av]age *ild f ! f\rte5? to ! eighte5? mon?4 ,! bottle %\ld n be giv5 except at night4 ,c]eals may n[ =m an important "p ( ! diet4 ,!y %\ld be v ?or\ghly cook$1 usually = ?ree h\rs1 & /ra9$4 ,! daily s*$ule %\ld be ab\t z foll[s3 #f4cj ,a4,m4 ,milk1 w>m$1 eight to t5 ounces1 giv5 f a cup4 #i ,a4,m4 ,fruit juice1 "o to ?ree ounces4 #aj ,a4,m4 ,c]eal3 "o1 lat] two or ?ree1 tablespoonfuls ( oatmeal hom9y or :eat5 grits1 cook$ = at lea/ ?ree h\rs2 ^u ?is f "o to two ounces ( ?9 cream1 or milk & cream1 ) pl5ty ( salt1 b )\t sug>4 ,crisp dry toa/1 "o piece2 or1 unsweet5$ zwieback2 or1 "o ,huntley & ,palm] breakfa/ biscuit4 ,milk1 w>m$1 six to eight ounces1 f a cup4 #b ,p4,m4 ,beef juice1 "o to two ounces2 & "o egg 7s(t boil$1 poa*$ or coddl$72 & boil$ rice1 "o tablespoonful2 or1 bro? 7mutton or *ick571 f\r ounces2 "o or two ,huntley & ,palm] breakfa/ biscuits1 or zwieback2 & 7if mo/ ( ! tee? are pres5t7 r>e scrap$ meat1 at fir/ "o teaspoonful1 gradually increas+ to "o tablespoonful4 #f ,p4,m4 ,c]eal3 two tablespoonfuls ( f>9a1 cream ( :eat1 or arr[root1 cook$ = at lea/ "o half h\r1 ) milk1 pl5ty ( salt1 b )\t sug>4 ,milk1 w>m$1 eight to t5 ounces1 giv5 f a cup4 #aj ,p4,m4 ,milk1 w>m$1 eight to t5 ounces1 :i* may be giv5 f a bottle4 ,give a prop] diet = an av]age *ild f ! eighte5? mon? to ! end ( ! second ye>4 ,! same ord] ( meals z = ! mon?s j prec$+ %\ld be foll[$4 ,= mo/ *ildr5 milk at #aj ,p4,m4 is desirable4 ,!re are _m1 h[ev] :o sleep regul>ly f #f ,p4,m4 until #f ,a4,m4 )\t food2 = su* ! night fe$+ %\ld1 ( c\rse1 n be insi/$ ^u4 ,! daily s*$ule %\ld be ab\t z foll[s3 #f4cj ,a4,m4 ,milk1 w>m$1 t5 to twelve ounces1 giv5 f cup4 #i ,a4,m4 ,fruit juice1 two to ?ree ounces4 #aj ,a4,m4 ,c]eals3 simil> to ^? giv5 f ! f\rte5? to ! eighte5? mon?2 !y ne$ n be /ra9$ al?\gh !y %\ld be cook$ & s]v$ 9 ! same way4 ,crisp dry bread1 zwieback1 or ,huntley & ,palm] biscuits1 )\t butt]4 ,milk1 w>m$1 "o cup4 #b ,p4,m4 ,beef juice & "o egg2 or1 bro? & meat2 c>e be+ tak5 t ! meat is always r>e & scrap$ or v f9ely divid$2 beef/eak1 mutton *op1 or roa/ beef may be giv54 ,v /ale bread1 or two pieces ( zwieback4 ,prune pulp or bak$ apple1 "o to two tablespoonfuls4 ,wat]2 no milk4 #f ,p4,m4 ,c]eal3 f>9a1 cream ( :eat1 or arr[root1 cook$ = at lea/ "o half h\r1 ) milk1 pl5ty ( salt1 b )\t sug>4 or1 milk toa/ or /ale bread & milk4 #aj ,p4,m4 ,if requir$1 t5 to twelve ounces ( pla9 milk4 ,:at fruits may be giv5 at ?is p]iod8 ,if ! *ild has a feeble dige/ion1 only ! fruit juices previ\sly all[$2 /rong *ildr5 may h 9 addition prune pulp1 bak$ apple1 & applesauce4 ,! prune pulp is prep>$ by /ew+ ! dri$ prunes )\t sug> until !y are v s(t1 & remov+ all ! sk9 by putt+ ! fruit ?r\gh a /ra9]2 ( ?is f "o to two tablespoonfuls may be giv5 at "o "t4 ,! bak$ apple %\ld be giv5 )\t cream1 & ! applesauce %\ld h v little sug>4 ,h[ & :5 %\ld wat] be giv58 ,?r\gh\t ! second ye> wat] %\ld be giv5 freely betwe5 ! fe$+s1 especially 9 w>m wea!r2 f "o to ?ree ounces may be giv5 at "o "t1 ei!r f a spoon1 a glass1 or a bottle4 ,! wat] %\ld be boil$ daily & !n cool$4 ,x %\ld n be all[$ to /& 9 ! room1 b fre% wat] %\ld be put into ! bottle ea* "t4 ,,fe$+ ,,dur+ ,,! ,,?ird ,,ye> ,:at *anges may be made 9 ! diet dur+ ! ?ird ye>8 ,! night fe$+ at #aj ,p4,m4 %\ld be omitt$4 ,a great] quantity ( solid food may be all[$1 p>ticul>ly at ! mid-day meal4 ,x is n advisable to beg9 potato & o!r vegetables until ?is age is rea*$4 ,?ree regul> meals %\ld be giv5 & milk once besides1 ei!r betwe5 ! breakfa/ & d9n] or d9n] & supp]1 :i*ev] is ! long] int]val4 ,wat] %\ld be all[$ freely betwe5 meals4 ,:at w\ld be a prop] s*$ule = an av]age *ild dur+ ! ?ird ye>8 #g4cj ,a4,m4 ,c]eal3 cook$ 7pref]ably ov] night7 = ?ree h\rs1 al?\gh a some:at l>g] v>iety may be giv5 ?an dur+ ! second ye>2 giv5 z be=e ) milk or ?9 cream1 salt1 b v little sug>4 ,w>m milk1 "o glass4 ,a s(t egg1 poa*$1 boil$ or coddl$4 ,bread1 v /ale or dry1 "o slice1 ) butt]4 #aj ,a4,m4 ,w>m milk1 "o cup1 ) a crack] or piece ( v /ale bread & butt]4 #b ,p4,m4 ,s\p1 f\r ounces2 or1 beef juice1 two ounces4 ,meat3 *op1 /eak1 roa/ beef or lamb or *ick54 ,a bak$ :ite potato2 or1 boil$ rice4 ,gre5 vegetable3 asp>agus tips1 /r+ beans1 peas1 sp9a*2 all to be cook$ until v s(t1 & ma%$1 or pref]ably put ?r\gh a sieve2 at fir/1 "o or two teaspoonfuls4 ,dess]t3 cook$ fruit--bak$ or /ew$ apple1 /ew$ prunes4 ,wat]2 no milk4 #f ,p4,m4 ,c]eal3 f>9a1 cream ( :eat1 or arr[root1 cook$ = at lea/ "o half h\r1 ) pl5ty ( salt1 b )\t sug>2 or1 milk toa/2 or1 bread & milk2 or1 /ale or dry bread & butt] & a glass ( milk4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,! ,,diet ,,( ,,old] ,,*ildr5 7,,f\r? ,,to ,,t5? ,,ye>7 ,?r\gh\t ?is p]iod ! l>ge/ meal %\ld always be 9 ! middle ( ! day1 & a light supp] giv51 v mu* l t describ$ = ! ?ird ye>4 ,dur+ ! fir/ half ( ?is p]iod1 milk may be all[$ once ei!r betwe5 breakfa/ & d9n] or d9n] & supp]2 no o!r eat+ betwe5 meals %\ld be p]mitt$1 b wat] %\ld be all[$ freely4 ,,milk ,,& ,,cream ,:at "p ( ! diet %\ld milk =m dur+ *ildhood8 ,x %\ld =m a v important "p up to ! t5? ye>2 no?+ c take its place4 ,!re are comp>atively few *ildr5 :o _c take & dige/ milk if x is prop]ly f$4 ,:y is milk s advantage\s8 ,because no food t we possess has s high a nutritive value z milk1 = ! am\nt ( "w requir$ ( ! organs ( dige/ion4 ,x is1 !re=e1 peculi>ly adapt$ to ! diet ( ! *ild4 ,:at are ! ess5tial po9ts 9 ! use ( milk8 ,x %\ld be clean & fre%1 b n too ri*4 ,x is a mi/ake to select = any *ildr5 ! ri* milk ( a ,j]sey h]d & use x z ?\gh x 7 an ord9>y milk4 ,= *ildr5 :o h difficulty 9 dige/+ milk1 x %\ld be some:at dilut$1 i4e41 "o "p ( wat] to f\r p>ts ( milk1 or salt or bic>bonate ( soda %\ld be add$4 ,x is also important n to give milk at meals :5 fruits1 especially s\r fruits1 are all[$4 ,h[ mu* milk may advantage\sly be giv58 ,! av]age *ild ) good dige/ion %\ld take f "o & "o half p9ts to "o qu>t ( milk daily1 ?is includ+ n only :at ! *ild dr9ks b :at is s]v$ ^u c]eals & 9 o!r ways4 ,x is seldom wise to all[ a *ild to take z mu* z two qu>ts daily1 z a m mix$ diet = mo/ *ildr5 is bett]4 ,to :at ext5t may cream be us$8 ,old] *ildr5 d n require s l>ge a proportion ( fat 9 _! food z d infants1 & ! use ( cream1 especially v ri* cream1 (t5 results 9 di/urbances ( dige/ion4 ,! use ( too mu* or too ri* cream is a common cause ( ! coat$ tongue1 f\l brea? & pale gray /ools1 (t5 call$ bili\sness4 ,is n cream useful 9 ov]com+ ! con/ipation ( *ildr58 ,) infants x is valuable to a c]ta9 po9t1 b ) old] *ildr5 only to a limit$ degree1 & if su* symptoms z ^? above describ$ are pres5t1 cream %\ld n be giv54 ,,eggs ,to :at ext5t may eggs be us$ 9 ! diet ( ?is p]iod8 ,!y =m a mo/ valuable food4 ,x is ess5tial t !y %\ld be fre% & only slightly cook$1 s(t boil$1 poa*$ or coddl$2 fri$ eggs %\ld nev] be giv5 & all omelets are objectionable4 ,:i* is m dige/ible1 ! :ite or yolk ( ! egg8 ,= ! great majority ( *ildr51 ! :ite ( ! egg4 ,?is =ms "o ( ! mo/ dige/ible proteids we possess1 & c be us$1 ev5 9 ! latt] "p ( ! fir/ ye>1 ) advantage4 ,is x n true t eggs (t5 cause bili\sness8 ,v seldom1 if f$ z above advis$4 ,?is is an old prejudice b has little basis 9 fact4 ,h[ (t5 may eggs be giv58 ,mo/ *ildr5 f f\r to t5 ye>s old w take "o egg = breakfa/ & ano!r = supp] = an indef9ite p]iod ) reli% & b5efit4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s few :o h a peculi> idiosyncrasy z reg>ds eggs & _c take !m at all4 ,,meat ,,& ,,fi% ,:at meats may be giv5 to "y *ildr58 ,! be/ are beef/eak1 mutton-*op1 roa/ beef1 roa/ lamb1 broil$ *ick5 & c]ta9 delicate fi%1 su* z %ad or bass4 ,:at are ! important po9ts to be consid]$ 9 giv+ meat to *ildr58 ,mo/ meats %\ld be r>e & ei!r scrap$ or v f9ely divid$1 z no *ild c be tru/$ to *ew meat prop]ly4 ,meats are be/ broil$ or roa/$1 b %\ld n be fri$4 ,h[ (t5 %\ld meat be giv58 ,at ?is p]iod1 only once a day1 at ! mid-day meal4 ,is n ! excessive n]v\sness ( _m mod]n *ildr5 due to ! giv+ ( meat1 or at lea/ aggravat$ by its use8 ,!re is little gr\nd = su* a belief1 unless an excessive am\nt ( meat is giv54 ,c]ta9ly cutt+ (f meat f ! diet ( n]v\s *ildr5 seldom produces any /rik+ b5efit4 ,:at meats %\ld be =bidd5 to "y *ildr58 ,ham1 bacon1 sausage1 pork1 liv]1 kidney1 game & all dri$ & salt$ meats1 also cod1 mack]el & halibut2 all ( ^! are be/ )held until ! *ild has pass$ ! t5? ye>4 ,are n gravies b5eficial & nutriti\s8 ,! beef juice1 or s-call$ platt] gravy1 f a roa/ is exce$+ly nutriti\s & desirable1 b _m ( ! ?ick5$ gravies are mu* less dige/ible & are too (t5 giv5 9 excess2 only a small quantity %\ld be all[$4 ,!y %\ld n =m an important "p ( ! meal4 ,,vegetables ,:at vegetables may be us$ at ?is p]iod8 ,:ite potatoes may be giv5 fir/4 ,^! %\ld pref]ably be bak$ or boil$ & ma%$1 b nev] fri$4 ,!y %\ld be s]v$ ) beef juice or ) cream r ?an ) butt]4 ,( ! gre5 vegetables1 ! be/ are peas1 sp9a*1 asp>agus tips1 /r+ beans1 /ew$ cel]y1 "y beets1 or c>rots1 & squa%4 ,bak$ sweet potato1 turnips1 boil$ onions & caulifl[]1 all well cook$1 may be giv5 aft] ! six? or sev5? ye> 9 mod]ate am\nt4 ,! pr9cipal tr\ble 9 ! dige/ion ( vegetables is due to imp]fect cook+4 ,x is1 9 fact1 almo/ impossible to cook !m too mu*2 !y %\ld also be v f9ely ma%$4 ,!y =m a valuable addition to ! diet aft] ?ree ye>s1 al?\gh ! am\nt at fir/ giv5 %\ld be small1 "o or two teaspoonfuls4 ,!y greatly aid 9 secur+ regul>ity ( ! b[els4 ,because small p>ticles are se5 9 ! /ools1 x is n to be inf]r$ t !y are caus+ di/urbance & %\ld1 !re=e1 be /opp$1 b only t !y %\ld be m ?or\ghly cook$ & m f9ely divid$ be=e be+ giv54 ,is x safe to use cann$ vegetables = *ildr58 ,_m ( ! be/ br&s ( cann$ vegetables are q safe & "s1 su* z peas & asp>agus1 c be us$ ) advantage4 ,!y are frequ5tly bett] ?an /ale gre5 vegetables (t5 sold 9 ! m>kets4 ,:at vegetables %\ld n be giv5 to "y *ildr58 ,none ( ^? :i* are eat5 raw1 su* z cel]y1 radi%es1 onions1 cucumb]s1 tomatoes or lettuce4 ,c]ta9 o!rs1 ev5 :5 well cook$1 %\ld n be all[$2 z corn1 lima beans1 cabbage1 egg plant4 ,none ( ^! %\ld be giv5 until a *ild has pass$ ! age ( t5 ye>s4 ,are vegetable salads to be giv58 ,z a rule salads ( all k9ds %\ld be omitt$ until a *ild has pass$ ! t5? ye>4 ,salads are difficult to dige/ & a cause ( mu* di/urbance 9 *ildr5 ( all ages4 ,,c]eals ,:at are ! mo/ important po9ts 9 select+ & prep>+ c]eals8 ,! important ?+s are t !y are prop]ly cook$ & n us$ 9 excess4 ,! ready-to-s]ve c]eals %\ld nev] be *os5 = *ildr51 nor %\ld a *ild1 because he is fond ( c]eals1 be all[$ to make 8 entire meal ( !m1 tak+ two or ?ree sauc]fuls at a fe$+4 ,_m ( ! p>tially cook$ prep>ations ( oatmeal & :eat are excell5t1 b %\ld be cook$ = a mu* long] "t ?an is /at$ ^u ! package1 usually ?ree or f\r times z long4 ,dige/ibility is *iefly a matt] ( prop] cook+4 ,mo/ ( ! gra9s1--oatmeal1 hom9y1 rice1 :eat5 grits1--require at lea/ ?ree h\rs' cook+ 9 a d\ble boil] 9 ord] to be easily dige/$4 ,! prep>$ fl\rs1--corn />*1 arr[root1 b>ley1--%\ld be cook$ at lea/ tw5ty m9utes4 ,i "k ( no prep>ation 9 ! mod]n m>ket :i* requires no cook+1 :i* is to be recomm5d$ = *ildr54 ,h[ are c]eals to be giv58 ,usually ) milk or a mixture ( milk & cream2 always ) an abundance ( salt & ) v little or no sug>1 "o half teaspoonful on a sauc]ful ( c]eal %\ld be ! limit4 ,c]eals %\ld n be s]v$ ) syrups or butt] & sug>4 ,,bro?s ,,& ,,s\ps ,:at bro?s & s\ps are to be recomm5d$8 ,meat bro?s are g5]ally to be pref]r$ to vegetable bro?s1--mutton or *ick5 be+ usually mo/ lik$ by *ildr54 ,ne>ly all pla9 bro?s may be giv54 ,^? ?ick5$ ) rice1 b>ley or corn />* =m a useful v>iety1 especially ) ! addition ( milk4 ,vegetable purees ( peas1 sp9a*1 cel]y or asp>agus may be us$ = *ildr5 ov] sev5 ye>s old4 ,tomato s\p %\ld n be giv5 to "y *ildr54 ,,bread1 ,,crack]s ,,& ,,cakes ,:at =ms ( bread/uffs are be/ suit$ to "y *ildr58 ,fre% bread %\ld n be giv51 b /ale bread cut ?9 & fre%ly dri$ 9 ! ov5 until x is crisp is v useful1 also zwieback1 ! unsweet5$ be+ pref]r$4 ,oatmeal1 graham or glut5 crack]s & ! ,huntley & ,palm] breakfa/ biscuits1 /ale rolls1 or corn bread :i* has be5 split & toa/$ or dri$ till crisp1 =m a suffici5t v>iety = mo/ *ildr54 ,:at bread/uffs %\ld be =bidd58 ,all hot breads1 all fre% rolls1 all buck:eat & o!r griddle cakes1 all fre% sweet cakes1 especially ^? cov]$ ) ic+ & ^? conta9+ dri$ fruits4 ,a /ale lady-f+] or piece ( sponge cake is ab\t z f> 9 ! matt] ( cakes z x is wise to g ) *ildr5 up to sev5 or eight ye>s old4 ,,dess]ts ,:at dess]ts may be giv5 to "y *ildr58 ,mi/akes are m (t5 made "h ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! *ild's diet4 ,up to six or sev5 ye>s1 only junket1 pla9 rice pudd+ )\t rais9s1 pla9 cu/>d &1 n m ?an once a week1 a small am\nt ( ice cream4 ,:at %\ld be especially =bidd58 ,all pies1 t>ts & pa/ry ( e description1 jam1 syrups & pres]v$ fruits2 nuts1 c&y & dri$ fruits4 ,does a little d any h>m8 ,yes1 9 t x develops a ta/e = ?is sort ( food1 aft] :i* pla9] food is tak5 ) less reli%4 ,besides ! little is v apt soon to become a good deal4 ,does n ! *ild's in/9ctive crav+ = sweets indicate 8 ne$ ( !m8 ,t a *ild likes or craves sweets is ! usual excuse ( an indulg5t p>5t4 ,e *ild likes 8 own way1 b t is no reason :y he %\ld n be tra9$ to ob$i5ce & self-control2 a *ild's fondness = sweets c h>dly be consid]$ a normal in/9ct4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 support$ by ev]yday exp]i5ce1 no causes are productive ( m disord]s ( dige/ion ?an ! free indulg5ce 9 dess]ts & sweets by "y *ildr54 ,x is a con/antly increas+ t5d5cy1 n easily controll$ z a *ild gr[s old]2 & 9 e>ly *ildhood1 ! only safe rule is to give none at all4 ,,fruits ,are fruits an ess5tial or important "p ( ! diet8 ,!y are a v important "p & %\ld be begun 9 infancy4 ,!y are p>ticul>ly useful = ! effect !y h ^u ! b[els4 ,x is important t !y %\ld be select$ ) c>e & giv5 ) mu* discretion1 especially 9 cities4 ,9 ! c\ntry :]e fruit is absolutely fre%1 a some:at great] latitude may be all[$ ?an is giv5 bel[4 ,:at fruits may safely be giv5 to *ildr5 up to five ye>s old8 ,z a g5]al rule1 only cook$ fruits & ! juices ( fre% fruits4 ,:at fruit juices may be us$8 ,t f sweet oranges is ! be/1 b ! fre% juice ( grape fruit1 pea*es1 /rawb]ries & raspb]ries may also be us$4 ,:at /ew$ fruits may be giv58 ,/ew$ or bak$ apples1 prunes1 pe>s1 pea*es & apricots4 ,:at raw fruits are to be p>ticul>ly avoid$ ) "y *ildr58 ,! pulp ( oranges or grape fruit1 also *]ries1 b]ries1 bananas & p9eapple4 ,:at precautions %\ld be emphasiz$ reg>d+ ! use ( fruits8 ,t !y %\ld be us$ ) great] c>e 9 hot wea!r & ) *ildr5 :o are prone to attacks ( inte/9al indige/ion4 ,:at symptoms indicate t fruits %\ld be avoid$8 ,a t5d5cy to loos5ess ( ! b[els ) ! dis*>ge ( mucus1 or frequ5t attacks ( abdom9al pa9 or /oma* a*e4 ,is !re any special *oice ( meals at :i* fruit %\ld be giv58 ,! fruit juice giv5 e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ^u an empty /oma*1 works m actively ^u ! b[els ?an if x is giv5 lat] 9 ! day4 ,x is n1 z a rule1 wise to give cream or milk ) s\r fruits4 ,usually ! fruit is be/ giv5 at ! mid-day meal1 z a dess]t1 at a "t :5 no milk is tak54 ,x is 9 all cases important t ! quantity ( fruit %\ld be mod]ate4 ,:at besides wat] & milk %\ld a *ild be all[$ to dr9k & :at %\ld be =bidd58 ,tea1 c(fee1 w9e1 be] & cid] 9 all quantities & 9 all =ms %\ld be =bidd5 to "y *ildr5 bel[ pub]ty4 ,cocoa :i* is made v weak1 i4e41 almo/ all milk1 is (t5 useful z a hot dr9k4 ,lemonade1 soda-wat]1 etc41 %\ld if possible be def]r$ until ! t5? ye>4 ,a free indulg5ce 9 ?+s ( ?is k9d %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ ) *ildr5 ( sev5 or eight ye>s4 ,,indige/ion ,,9 ,,old] ,,*ildr5 ,:at are ! diff]5t ways 9 :i* indige/ion %[s itself 9 *ildr58 ,fir/1 9 acute di/urbances :i* la/ = a few days only2 &1 secondly1 9 *ronic di/urbances :i* may cont9ue = weeks or mon?s4 ,:i* ( ! two =ms ( indige/ion is m likely to impair s]i\sly ! heal? ( ! *ild8 ,*ronic indige/ion2 = s9ce ! cause is n recogniz$ x (t5 goes on = mon?s & ev5 ye>s un*eck$4 ,:at are ! symptoms ( acute indige/ion8 ,^! are famili> & easily recogniz$4 ,!y are vomit+1 pa91 undige/$ movem5ts f ! b[els1 (t5 fev] & consid]able pro/ration4 ,su* attacks are usually traceable to _! prop] cause1 ! removal ( :i* is foll[$ by prompt recov]y4 ,:at are ! common causes ( acute indige/ion8 ,?is is frequ5tly due to ov]eat+1 to indulg5ce 9 "s special article ( improp] food1 or to eat+ he>tily :5 ov]tir$4 ,acute indige/ion (t5 m>ks ! beg9n+ ( "s acute g5]al illness4 ,h[ %\ld acute indige/ion be manag$8 ,"o %\ld be> 9 m9d t = ! "t be+ ! dige/ive organs h /opp$ "w altoge!r4 ,! important ?+1 !re=e1 is to cle> out f ! inte/9es all undige/$ food by "s active ca?>tic1 su* z ca/or oil4 ,! /oma* has usually empti$ itself by vomit+4 ,all food %\ld be /opp$ = f twelve to ?irty-six h\rs1 accord+ to ! sev]ity ( ! attack1 only wat] be+ giv54 ,at ! end ( ?is "t is x safe to beg9 ) ! =m] diet8 ,no2 = su* a proc$ure is almo/ c]ta9 to cause ano!r attack ( indige/ion4 ,at fir/ only bro?1 ?9 gruel1 v greatly dilut$ milk1 or :ey %\ld be giv54 ,! diet may be v sl[ly b gradually increas$ z ! *ild's appetite & dige/ion improve1 b 9 mo/ cases a week or t5 days %\ld elapse be=e ! full diet is resum$4 ,:at are ! symptoms ( *ronic indige/ion8 ,^!1 al?\gh famili>1 are n s easily di/+ui%$ & are v (t5 attribut$ to ! wrong cause4 ,!re are usually g5]al symptoms su* z indisposition1 di/urb$ sleep1 gr9d+ ( ! tee?1 fretfulness1 languor1 loss ( weight & anaemia4 ,!re are besides local symptoms3 flatul5ce1 abdom9al pa91 abdom9al di/5tion1 con/ipation1 or loos5ess ( ! b[els ) mucus 9 ! /ools1 f\l brea?1 coat$ tongue1 loss ( appetite1 or an abnormal caprici\s appetite4 ,su* symptoms are (t5 wrongly ascrib$ to inte/9al worms4 ,:at are ! common causes ( *ronic indige/ion8 ,?is is g5]ally ! result ( a bad sy/em ( fe$+1 ei!r ! prolong$ use ( improp] food or ( improp] me?ods ( fe$+4 ,examples ( bad me?ods ( fe$+ are1 coax+ or =c+ to eat1 rapid eat+ ) insuffici5t ma/ication eat+ betwe5 meals1 all[+ a *ild to h 8 own way 9 select+ 8 food1 z :5 he lives l>gely ^u a s+le article ( diet4 ,?+s to be consid]$ "u ! head ( improp] food are1 indulg5ce 9 sweets1 dess]ts1 etc41 ! use ( imp]fectly cook$ foods1 especially c]eals & vegetables1 & ( raw or /ale fruits4 ,is x n true t a diet or a special article ( food :i* does n make a *ild ill is pro( t su* a diet or su* a food is prop] = a *ild8 ,by no means2 ) _m p ! only guide ,9 fe$+ *ildr5 is t ! article 9 "q did n make ! *ildr5 sick1 !re=e x is all[able4 ,?is is a v bad pr9ciple4 ,a bett] "o is to adopt su* a diet z w n\ri% ! *ild's body ) ! lea/ possible tax ^u 8 dige/ive organs2 9 o!r words1 to exclude articles :i* exp]i5ce has %[n to be injuri\s to mo/ *ildr54 ,h[ %\ld *ronic indige/ion be manag$8 ,?is is a mu* m difficult matt] ?an ! treatm5t ( acute indige/ion1 =1 z x is usually ! result ( ! prolong$ use ( improp] food or ( an improp] me?od ( fe$+1 a cure c be accompli%$ only by a discov]y & removal ( ! cause4 ,is *ronic indige/ion curable8 ,9 ! va/ majority ( cases x is s1 b only by fai?fully obs]v+ = a long p]iod ! rules = simple fe$+ laid d[n else:]e4 ,"o ( ! greate/' difficulties 9 ! way ( recov]y is t p>5ts & nurses are unwill+ to foll[ a re/rict$ diet long en\gh to secure a complete cure1 or to *ange radically _! me?ods ( fe$+1 b expect ! *ild to recov] by simply tak+ m$ic9e4 ,= h[ long a p]iod is x necess>y to cont9ue v c>eful fe$+8 ,9 any case x mu/ be done = sev]al mon?s2 ) mo/ *ildr5 = two or ?ree ye>s2 ) "s1 ?r\gh\t *ildhood1 = ) !m ! slighte/ deviation f e/abli%$ rules is sure to provoke a relapse4 ,is n m$ic9e useful8 ,x is und\bt$ly ( assi/ance = ! relief ( "s symptoms1 b ! ess5tial ?+ is prop] fe$+1 )\t :i* no?+ p]man5t c be accompli%$4 ,,g5]al ,,rules ,,to ,,be ,,obs]v$ ,,9 ,,fe$+ ,bad habits ( eat+ are readily acquir$ b difficult to break4 ,"y *ildr5 %\ld n be all[$ to play ) _! food1 nor %\ld ! habit be =m$ ( amus+ or div]t+ !m :ile eat+1 because by ^! means m food is tak54 ,old] *ildr5 %\ld n be p]mitt$ to make an entire meal ( "o ?+1 no matt] h[ prop] ?is may be4 ,*ildr51 :o are all[$ to h _! own way 9 matt]s ( eat+ are v likely to be badly tra9$ 9 o!r respects2 :ile ^? :o h be5 prop]ly tra9$ 9 matt]s ( eat+ c usually be easily tra9$ to d any?+ else t is important4 ,le>n+ to eat prop] ?+s 9 a prop] way =ms !re=e a l>ge "p ( a *ild's e>ly education4 ,if c>eful tra9+ 9 ^! matt]s is begun at ! outset & cont9u$1 ! results w well repay ! "t & ef=t requir$4 ,:e!r ! *ild fe$s himself or is f$ by ! nurse1 ! foll[+ rules %\ld be obs]v$3 #a4 ,food at regul> h\rs only2 no?+ betwe5 meals4 #b4 ,pl5ty ( "t %\ld be tak54 ,on no acc\nt %\ld ! *ild bolt 8 food4 #c4 ,! *ild mu/ be taught to *ew 8 food4 ,yet no matt] h[ mu* pa9s are tak5 9 ?is respect1 ma/ication is v imp]fectly done by all *ildr52 h5ce up to ! sev5? ye> at lea/1 all meats %\ld be v f9ely cut1 all vegetables ma%$ to a pulp1 & all gra9s cook$ v s(t4 #d4 ,*ildr5 %\ld n be cont9ually urg$ to eat if !y are dis9cl9$ to d s at _! regul> h\rs ( fe$+1 or if ! appetite is habitually poor1 & "u no circum/ances %\ld a *ild be =c$ to eat4 #e4 ,indige/ible food %\ld nev] be giv5 to tempt ! appetite :5 ! ord9>y simple food is refus$8 food %\ld n be all[$ betwe5 meals because x is refus$ at meal-"t4 #f4 ,"o s]i\s objection to all[+ "y *ildr5 highly season$ food1 entrees1 jellies1 pa/ry1 sweets1 etc41 ev5 9 su* small am\nts z n to upset ! dige/ion1 is t *ildr5 ?us indulg$ soon lose appetite = ! simple food :i* previ\sly 0 tak5 ) reli%4 #g4 ,if !re is any important article ( a simple diet su* z milk1 meat1 c]eals1 or vegetables1 :i* a *ild habitually refuses1 ?is %\ld always be giv5 fir/ at ! meal & o!r food )held until x is dispos$ (4 ,*ildr5 s readily =m habits ( eat+ only c]ta9 ?+s & refus+ o!rs t su* an incl9ation %\ld be *eck$ e>ly4 #h4 ,if an infant refuses its food altoge!r1 or takes less ?an usual1 ! food %\ld be exam9$ to see if ?is is "r4 ,!n ! m\? %\ld be inspect$ to see if x is sore4 ,if nei!r ( ^! ?+s is ! cause1 ! food %\ld be tak5 away & n (f]$ aga9 until ! next fe$+ "t comes4 #i4 ,9 any acute illness ! am\nt ( food %\ld be mu* r$uc$ & ! food made m dilute ?an usual4 ,if !re is fev]1 no solid food %\ld be giv54 ,if ! *ild is already ^u a milk diet1 ?is %\ld be dilut$1 & 9 "s cases p>tially peptoniz$4 #aj4 ,9 v hot wea!r ! same rules hold1 to give less food1 p>ticul>ly less solid food1 & m wat]4 ,,food ,,=mulas ,beef ,juice4--,"o p\nd ( r>e r\nd /eak1 cut ?ick1 slightly broil$1 & ! juice press$ out by a lemon-squeez]1 or1 bett]1 a meat-press4 ,f two to f\r ounces ( juice c g5]ally be obta9$4 ,?is1 season$ ) salt1 may be giv5 cold1 or w>m$ by plac+ ! cup :i* holds x 9 w>m wat]4 ,x %\ld n be heat$ suffici5tly to coagulate ! album9 :i* is 9 solution1 & :i* !n appe>s z flakes ( meat float+ 9 ! fluid4 ,beef ,juice by ! ,cold ,process4--,"o p\nd ( f9ely *opp$ r\nd /eak1 six ounces ( cold wat]1 a p9* ( salt2 place 9 a cov]$ j> & /& on ice or 9 a cold place1 five or six h\rs or ov]night4 ,x is well to %ake occasionally4 ,?is is n[ /ra9$ & all ! juice squeez$ out by plac+ ! meat 9 co>se musl9 & twi/+ x v h>d4 ,x is !n season$ & f$ l ! above4 ,beef juice s made is n q z palatable z t prep>$ f broil$ /eak1 b x is ev5 m nutriti\s1 & is m economical1 z fully twice z mu* juice1 c be obta9$ f a giv5 quantity ( meat4 ,beef juice prep>$ 9 ei!r ( ^! ways is greatly to be pref]r$ to ! beef extracts sold4 ,mutton ,bro?4--,"o p\nd ( f9ely *opp$ lean mutton1 includ+ "s ( ! bone1 "o p9t cold wat]1 p9* ( salt4 ,cook = ?ree h\rs ov] a sl[ fire d[n to half a p9t1 add+ wat] if necess>y2 /ra9 ?r\gh musl91 & :5 cold c>efully remove ! fat1 add+ m salt if requir$4 ,x may be f$ w>m1 or cold 9 ! =m ( a jelly4 ,a v nutriti\s & delici\s bro? is made by ?ick5+ ?is ) corn/>* or arr[root1 cook+ = t5 m9utes & !n add+ ?ree ounces ( milk1 or "o ounce & a half ( ?9 cream1 to a half p9t ( bro?4 ,*ick51 ,veal1 & ,beef ,bro?s4--,^! are made & us$ 9 precisely ! same mann] z mutton bro?4 ,meat ,pulp4--,a r>e piece ( r\nd or sirlo9 /eak1 ! out] "p hav+ be5 cut away1 is scrap$ or %r$d$ ) a knife2 "o teaspoonful to "o tablespoonful may be giv51 well salt$1 to a *ild ( eighte5 mon?s4 ,scrap+ is mu* bett] ?an cutt+ ! meat f9e4 ,= ?is on a l>ge scale1 z 9 in/itutions1 a ,hamburg-/eak cutt] may be employ$4 ,junket1 or ,curds & ,:ey4--,"o p9t ( fre% c['s milk1 w>m$2 p9* ( salt2 a teaspoonful ( granulat$ sug>2 add two teaspoonfuls ( ,fair*ild's ess5ce ( peps91 or liquid r5net1 or "o junket tablet dissolv$ 9 wat]2 /ir = a mom5t1 & !n all[ x to /& at ! temp]ature ( ! room = tw5ty m9utes1 or until firmly coagulat$2 place 9 ! ice box until ?or\ghly cold4 ,= old] *ildr5 ?is may be season$ ) grat$ nutmeg4 ,:ey4--,! coagulat$ milk prep>$ z above is brok5 up ) a =k & ! :ey /ra9$ (f ?r\gh musl94 ,x is be/ giv5 cold4 ,if "s /imulant is desir$1 %]ry w9e 9 ! proportion ( "o "p to twelve1 or br&y "o "p to tw5ty-f\r1 may be add$4 ,:ey is useful 9 _m cases ( acute indige/ion4 ,b>ley ,jelly f ! ,gra9s4--,?ree tablespoonfuls ( pe>l b>ley2 soak ov]night1 !n place ?is 9 "o qu>t ( fre% wat]2 add p9* ( salt1 & cook 9 d\ble boil] /eadily = f\r h\rs d[n to "o p9t1 add+ wat] f "t to "t2 /ra9 ?r\gh musl94 ,:5 cold ?is makes a r ?ick jelly4 ,if a ?9n] gruel 7b>ley wat]7 is desir$1 "o half ! quantity ( b>ley %\ld be us$4 ,oat1 ,:eat1 or ,rice ,jelly4--,^! are prep>$ f oatmeal1 :eat5 grits1 & rice gra9s 9 ! same mann] z ! b>ley jelly4 ,b>ley ,jelly f ! ,fl\r4--,ei!r ,rob9son's pat5t b>ley or prep>$ b>ley fl\r ( ! ,heal? ,food ,company may be us$4 ,"o r\nd$ tablespoonful ( ! fl\r1 ?or\ghly bl5d$ ) a little cold wat]1 is add$1 /irr+1 to "o p9t ( boil+ wat] conta9+ a p9* ( salt2 cook = tw5ty m9utes 9 a d\ble boil]1 & /ra94 ,?is makes a jelly ( ab\t ! consi/5cy ( t made f ! gra9s z above4 ,x is ess5tially ! same 9 composition1 & mu* less tr\ble to prep>e4 ,a ?9n] gruel 7b>ley wat]7 is made by us+ half ! quantity ( fl\r4 ,:5 ?is is to be mix$ ) milk1 x is well to add ! milk to ! b>ley gruel be=e remov+ f ! fire1 & /ir two or ?ree m9utes1 or until ! milk has ne>ly rea*$ ! boil+ po9t1 :5 x %\ld be remov$ & bottl$4 ,oat or ,:eat ,jelly f ! ,fl\r4--,^! are made f ! prep>$ oat fl\r ( ! ,heal? ,food ,company or ,hubbell's prep>$ :eat fl\r4 ,!y are us$ l ! b>ley4 ,imp]ial ,granum4--,?is is prep>$ & us$ 9 precisely ! same way z ! b>ley fl\r above m5tion$1 ! gruel be+ mix$ ) milk be=e x is remov$ f ! fire4 ,album9 ,wat]4--,! :ite ( "o fre% egg2 half a p9t ( cold wat]2 p9* ( salt2 teaspoonful ( br&y4 ,?is %\ld be %ak5 ?or\ghly & f$ cold ei!r ) a spoon or f a bottle4 ,x is useful 9 cases ( vomit+1 & c sometimes be reta9$ by a v irritable /oma*4 ,lime-wat]4--,"o heap+ teaspoonful ( slak$ lime2 "o qu>t boil$ or di/ill$ wat]2 place 9 a cork$ bottle & %ake ?or\ghly two or ?ree times dur+ ! fir/ h\r4 ,! lime %\ld !n be all[$ to settle1 & aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! upp] cle> fluid c>efully p\r$ or siphon$ (f = use4 ,dri$ ,bread4--,ei!r /ale or fre% bread may be us$2 x is cut 9 ?9 slices & plac$ 9 ! ov51 ) ! door op51 & quickly dri$ until x is crisp1 b n br[n$4 ,x is 9 _m respects pref]able to crack]s = little *ildr54 ,coddl$ ,egg4--,a fre% egg1 %ell on1 is plac$ 9 boil+ wat] :i* is imm$iately aft] remov$ f ! fire4 ,! egg !n cooks sl[ly 9 ! wat]1 :i* gradually cools1 = sev5 or eight m9utes1 :5 ! :ite %\ld be ab\t ! consi/5cy ( jelly4 ,= a delicate dige/ion ! :ite only %\ld be giv51 ) salt2 x c be easily sep>at$ f ! yolk4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,miscellane\s ,,! ,,b[els ,h[ _m movem5ts daily %\ld an infant h dur+ ! fir/ few weeks ( life8 ,usually two or ?ree a day = ! fir/ week1 & !n "o or two ea* day4 ,h[ _m aft] a *ild is a mon? old8 ,a heal?y *ild %\ld h at lea/ "o movem5t ea* day2 _m h two & "s m ?an two2 b x is ! "* ( ! /ools r ?an _! numb] :i* is to be tak5 z ! evid5ce ( p]fect dige/ion4 ,:at is ! appe>ance ( a heal?y movem5t ( a *ild :o is tak+ no?+ b milk8 ,x is s(t1 yell[1 & smoo?1 conta9+ no lumps4 ,:5 are ! /ools d>k br[n or black8 ,:ile tak+ bismu?1 iron1 & sometimes :5 tak+ mu* meat or beef juice2 also :ile tak+ _m ( ! prep>$ foods4 ,!y may be d>k br[n or black f blood4 ,?is la/ is a condition :i* may indicate s]i\s illness4 ,h[ may a *ild be tra9$ to be regul> 9 ! action ( its b[els8 ,by endeav\r+ to h !m move at exactly ! same "t e day4 ,at :at age may an infant be tra9$ 9 ?is way8 ,usually by ! second mon? if tra9+ is begun e>ly4 ,:at is ! be/ me?od ( tra9+8 ,a small *amb]1 ab\t ! size ( a p9t b[l1 is plac$ betwe5 ! nurse's knees1 & ^u ?is ! infant is held1 its back be+ aga9/ ! nurse's *e/ & its body firmly support$4 ,?is %\ld be done twice a day1 aft] ! morn+ & aft]noon fe$+s1 & always at ! same h\r4 ,at fir/ !re may be necess>y "s local irritation1 l t produc$ by tickl+ ! anus or introduc+ j inside ! rectum a small cone ( oil$ pap] or a piece ( soap1 z a sugge/ion ( ! purpose = :i* ! baby is plac$ ^u ! *amb]2 b 9 a surpris+ly %ort "t ! position is all t is requir$4 ,) mo/ infants1 aft] a few weeks ! b[els w move z soon z ! infant is plac$ on ! *amb]4 ,:at advantage has su* tra9+8 ,x =ms ! habit ( hav+ ! b[els move regul>ly at ! same h\r1 :i* is a matt] ( great importance 9 infancy & makes regul>ity 9 *ildhood mu* easi]4 ,x also saves ! nurse mu* tr\ble & lab\r4 ,,sleep ,%\ld a *ild sleep 9 ! same b$ ) its "m or nurse8 ,"u no circum/ances1 if ?is c possibly be avoid$4 ,v "y infants h (t5 be5 smo!r$ by _! mo!rs1 by ov]ly+ dur+ sleep4 ,if ! infant sleeps ) ! "m1 !re is always ! temptation to frequ5t nurs+ at night1 :i* is injuri\s to bo? "m & *ild4 ,old] *ildr5 also %\ld1 if possible1 h sep>ate b$s2 _m contagi\s diseases & bad habits are contract$ by *ildr5 sleep+ toge!r4 ,h[ %\ld an infant's b$ be prep>$8 ,! mattress %\ld be firm b s(t1 ! pill[ v ?91 & ! cov]+ n excessive4 ,a baby %\ld n be all[$ to sleep always 9 ! same position1 b %\ld be *ang$ f side to side4 ,hair pill[s are useful 9 summ] & = *ildr5 :o p]spire v mu*4 ,h[ mu* sleep is natural = a newly born baby8 ,a baby ) a good dige/ion & prop] food w usually sleep at ?is p]iod ab\t n9e t5?s ( ! "t4 ,h[ mu* %\ld a baby sleep at six mon?s8 ,ab\t two ?irds ( ! "t4 ,up to :at age %\ld an old] *ild take a nap dur+ ! day8 ,always until f\r ye>s old1 & if possible long]4 ,at :at age may an infant g all night )\t fe$+8 ,at five mon?s a *ild %\ld n be f$ or nurs$ betwe5 #aj ,p4,m4 & #f ,a4,m4 ,at two ye>s a *ild c easily g f #f ,p4,m4 to #f ,a4,m4 )\t fe$+4 ,h[ %\ld a baby be put to sleep8 ,! room %\ld be d>k5$ & quiet1 ! *ild's hung] satisfi$1 & ! *ild made g5]ally com=table & laid 9 its crib :ile awake4 ,is rock+ necess>y8 ,by no means4 ,x is a habit easily acquir$1 b h>d to break1 & a v useless & sometimes injuri\s "o4 ,! same may be said ( suck+ a rubb] nipple1 or pacifi]1 & all o!r devices = putt+ *ildr5 to sleep4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal causes ( di/urb$ sleep8 ,z quiet peaceful sleep is a sign ( p]fect heal?1 disord]s ( sleep may be produc$ by almo/ any?+ :i* is wrong ) ! *ild4 #a4 ,habitual di/urbance ( sleep 9 infants is mo/ frequ5tly associat$ ) ! food or fe$+4 ,x may be f ! discom=t ( *ronic indige/ion due to improp] food4 ,9 bottle-f$ infants x is (t5 ! result ( ov]fe$+2 9 ^? :o are nurs$ x is (t5 due to hung]4 ,a common cause is frequ5t night fe$+2 an infant :o is f$ ?ree or f\r times dur+ ! night is almo/ inv>iably a bad sleep]4 #b4 ,di/urb$ sleep or sleeplessness may be due to causes purely n]v\s4 ,su* are bad habits acquir$ by faulty tra9+2 z :5 ! nurs]y is light$ & ! *ild tak5 f its crib :5ev] x wakes or cries2 or :5 "s ( ! contrivances = induc+ sleep h be5 us$4 ,any excitem5t or romp+ play j be=e b$time1 & fe>s ar\s$ by pictures or /ories1 are frequ5t causes4 ,*ildr5 :o inh]it f _! p>5ts a n]v\s con/itution are especially likely to suff] ?us4 #c4 ,!re may be physical discom=t f cold feet1 insuffici5t or too mu* clo?+1 or want ( fre% air 9 ! sleep+ room4 #d4 ,int]f]5ce ) brea?+ due to ob/ruction f l>ge tonsils or ad5oids4 ,^! cause great re/lessness & lead a *ild to assume _m diff]5t po/ures dur+ sleep1 (t5 ly+ ^u ! face or ^u ! h&s & knees4 #e4 ,*ronic pa9s or frequ5tly recurr+ night pa9s may be causes ( disord]$ sleep1 :5 a *ild wakes ) a sudd5 %>p cry4 ,9 infants ?is is mo/ (t5 due to scurvy1 sometimes to syphilis4 ,9 old] *ildr5 x may be ! e>lie/ symptom ( disease ( ! hip or sp9e4 #f4 ,sleeplessness & di/urb$ sleep are frequ5t :5ev] ! g5]al condition falls mu* bel[ a heal?y /&>d2 e4g41 9 infants :o are n ?riv+ & 9 *ildr5 suff]+ f m>k$ anaemia4 ,h[ are *ildr5 :o sleep too little1 or ^: sleep is con/antly di/urb$1 to be treat$8 ,nev] by ! use ( soo?+ sirups or o!r m$ic9es4 ,successful treatm5t consi/s 9 ! discov]y & removal ( ! cause4 ,d *ildr5 ev] sleep too mu*8 ,x is d\btful if heal?y *ildr5 ev] d4 ,excessive sleep is an important symptom ( "s diseases ( ! bra94 ,o!rwise x seldom if ev] occurs unless soo?+ sirups or o!r drugs h be5 giv54 ,,ex]cise ,is ex]cise important = infants8 ,x is z necess>y = !m z = old] *ildr54 ,h[ is x obta9$8 ,a "y baby gets its ex]cise by scream+1 wav+ its arms1 kick+1 etc4 ,! clo?+ %\ld n be s tight z to make ^! movem5ts impossible4 ,at lea/ twice a day ! infant %\ld be all[$ = fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes ! free use ( its limbs by p]mitt+ x to lie ^u a b$ 9 a w>m room1 ) all clo?+ except ! %irt1 /ock+s1 & napk9 remov$4 ,lat]1 :5 9 %ort clo!s1 ! baby may be put ^u a ?ick blanket or quilt laid ^u ! floor1 & be all[$ to tumble ab\t at w4 ,a nurs]y f5ce two feet high1 made to surr\nd a mattress1 is an excell5t device & makes a conv5i5t box /all = ! "y animal1 :]e x c le>n to use bo? its arms & legs )\t ! dang] ( injury4 ,only by ex]cise su* z ?is d ! muscles h an opportunity to develop prop]ly4 ,,! ,,cry ,:5 is cry+ useful8 ,9 ! newly born infant ! cry exp&s ! lungs1 & x is necess>y t x %\ld be repeat$ = a few m9utes e day 9 ord] to keep !m well exp&$4 ,h[ mu* cry+ is normal = a v "y baby8 ,f fifte5 to ?irty m9utes a day is n too mu*4 ,:at is ! nature ( ?is cry8 ,x is l\d & /rong4 ,infants get r$ 9 ! face ) x2 9 fact1 x is a scream4 ,?is is necess>y = heal?4 ,x is ! baby's ex]cise4 ,:5 is a cry abnormal8 ,:5 x is too long or too frequ5t4 ,! abnormal cry is r>ely /rong1 (t5 x is a moan+ or a worry+ cry1 sometimes only a feeble :9e4 ,:at are ! causes ( su* cry+8 ,pa91 temp]1 hung]1 illness1 & habit4 ,:at is ! cry ( pa98 ,x is usually /rong & %>p1 b n g5]ally cont9u\s4 ,x is accompani$ by contraction ( ! features1 draw+ up ( ! legs1 & o!r symptoms ( di/ress4 ,:at is ! cry ( hung]8 ,x is usually a cont9u\s1 fretful cry1 r>ely /rong & lu/y4 ,:at is ! cry ( temp]8 ,x is l\d & /rong & accompani$ by kick+ or /iff5+ ( ! body1 & is usually viol5t4 ,:at is ! cry ( illness8 ,!re is usually m ( fretfulness & moan+ ?an real cry+1 al?\gh cry+ is excit$ by v slight causes4 ,:at is ! cry ( indulg5ce or f habit8 ,?is is (t5 he>d ev5 9 v "y infants1 :o cry to be rock$1 to be c>ri$ ab\t1 sometimes = a light 9 ! room1 = a bottle to suck1 or = ! cont9uance ( any o!r bad habit :i* has be5 acquir$4 ,h[ c we be sure t a *ild is cry+ to be indulg$8 ,if x /ops imm$iately :5 x gets :at x wants1 & cries :5 x is )drawn or )held4 ,:at %\ld be done if a baby cries at night8 ,"o %\ld get up & see t ! *ild is com=table--! clo?+ smoo? "u ! body1 ! h&s & feet w>m1 & ! napk9 n wet or soil$4 ,if all ^! matt]s are prop]ly adju/$ & ! *ild simply cry+ to be tak5 up1 x %\ld n be fur!r int]f]$ )4 ,if ! night cry is habitual "s o!r cause %\ld be s\ght 7see page #aba74 ,h[ is an infant to be manag$ t cries f temp]1 habit1 or to be indulg$8 ,x %\ld simply be all[$ to cry x out4 ,?is (t5 requires an h\r1 & 9 extreme cases1 two or ?ree h\rs4 ,a second /ruggle w seldom la/ m ?an t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 & a ?ird w r>ely be necess>y4 ,su* discipl9e is n to be c>ri$ out unless "o is sure z to ! cause ( ! habitual cry+4 ,is x likely t rupture w be caus$ f cry+8 ,n 9 "y infants if ! abdom9al b& is prop]ly appli$1 & n aft] a ye> "u any circum/ances4 ,,lift+ ,,*ildr5 ,h[ %\ld a "y baby be lift$ f its b$8 ,! "r h& %\ld grasp ! clo?+ bel[ ! feet1 & ! left h& %\ld be slipp$ b5ea? ! infant's body to its head4 ,x is !n rais$ ^u ! left arm4 ,:at is ! advantage ( ?is8 ,! entire sp9e is support$1 & no undue pressure is made ^u ! *e/ or abdom51 z (t5 happ5s if ! baby is grasp$ ar\nd ! body or "u ! arms4 ,h[ %\ld a *ild old en\gh to run ab\t be lift$8 ,always by plac+ ! h&s "u ! *ild's arms1 & nev] by ! wri/s4 ,:at injury may be inflict$ by lift+ ! *ild by ! wri/s or h&s8 ,(t5 s]i\s injury is done to ! elb[ or %\ld] jo9ts4 ,,! ,,temp]ature ,:at is ! normal temp]ature ( an infant8 ,! normal temp]ature v>ies m ?an 9 adults4 ,9 ! rectum x usually fluctuates betwe5 #ih deg4 & #ii4e deg4 ,f42 a rectal temp]ature ( #ig4e deg4 ,f4 or ( #ajj4e deg4 ,f4 is ( no importance :atev] unless x cont9ues4 ,:]e %\ld ! temp]ature ( infants & "y *ildr5 be tak58 ,! rectum is altoge!r ! be/ place1 & next to ?is ! gro94 ,! rectal temp]ature is f half a degree to a degree high] ?an t 9 ! gro94 ,h[ long %\ld ! !rmomet] be left 9 place to take ! temp]ature8 ,two m9utes 9 ! rectum1 & five m9utes 9 ! gro94 ,is ! temp]ature ( a "y *ild a good guide z to ! sev]ity ( its symptoms 9 illness8 ,z a rule x is4 ,a temp]ature ( #ajj deg4 to #ajb deg4 ,f4 commonly means a mild illness1 & "o ( #ajd deg4 ,f4 or ov] a s]i\s "o4 ,! duration ( ! fev] is1 h[ev]1 ev5 m important ?an ! height ( ! temp]ature4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t 9 all "y *ildr5 slight causes (t5 produce a high temp]ature :i* la/s = a few h\rs2 "o %\ld n !re=e be unduly al>m$ unless ! temp]ature cont9ues high1 or is accompani$ by o!r important signs ( illness4 ,is n a high temp]ature a m s]i\s symptom 9 a "y *ild ?an 9 an adult8 ,! opposite is r ! case4 ,"y *ildr5 are extremely s5sitive to conditions :i* produce fev]1 & ! !rmomet] (t5 gives an exagg]at$ idea ( ! sev]ity ( ! symptoms4 ,a cause :i* 9 an adult might produce a temp]ature ( #ajb deg4 ,f4 or #ajc deg4 ,f41 9 a "y *ild w\ld v likely be accompani$ by a temp]ature ( #ajd deg4 or #aje deg4 ,f4 ,,n]v\sness ,:at are ! pr9cipal causes ( excessive n]v\sness 9 infants & "y *ildr51 & :at c be done to prev5t ?is8 ,! mo/ important cause is ! delicate /ructure ( ! bra9 at ?is "t1 & its rapid gr[?4 ,x gr[s z mu* dur+ ! fir/ ye> z dur+ all ! re/ ( life4 ,?is requires quiet & peaceful surr\nd+s4 ,infants :o are naturally n]v\s %\ld be left mu* alone1 %\ld see b few p1 %\ld be play$ ) v little1 & %\ld nev] be quiet$ ) soo?+ sirups or ! pacifi]4 ,at :at age may play+ ) babies be begun8 ,babies "u six mon?s old %\ld nev] be play$ )2 & ! less ( x at any "t ! bett] = ! infant4 ,:at h>m is done by play+ ) v "y babies8 ,!y are made n]v\s & irritable1 sleep badly & suff] f indige/ion & 9 _m o!r respects4 ,:5 may "y *ildr5 be play$ )8 ,if at all1 9 ! morn+1 or aft] ! midday nap2 b nev] j be=e b$time4 ,,toys ,:at po9ts %\ld guide "o 9 select+ toys & play?+s = an infant8 ,! in/9ct 9 a baby to put ev]y?+ into ! m\? is s /rong t no?+ %\ld be giv5 t _c be safely treat$ 9 ?is way4 ,h5ce "o %\ld *oose ?+s :i* are smoo?1 ^? :i* c be easily wa%$1 & ^? :i* _c be swall[$4 ,"o %\ld avoid 7#a7 toys ) %>p po9ts or corn]s2 7#b7 ^? ) loose p>ts t might be deta*$ or brok5 (f & swall[$2 7#c7 small objects :i* might be swall[$ or pu%$ into ! nose or e>1 su* z co9s1 m>bles1 & safety-p9s1 also beads & buttons unless /rung ^u a /\t cord2 7#d7 pa9t$ toys2 7#e7 ^? cov]$ ) hair or wool4 ,infants h (t5 be5 sev]ely injur$ by swall[+ :at !y h pull$ (f f _! small toy animals4 ,:at po9ts are to be consid]$ 9 select+ ! toys & play?+s ( a *ild ov] two ye>s old8 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t toys are n m]ely a s\rce ( amusem5t1 b t !y h an educational value z well4 ,^? are !re=e to be pref]r$ ! use ( :i* develops ! *ild's imag9ation1 & ) :i* he c be taught to amuse himself4 ,= boys no?+ c surpass blocks1 toy soldi]s1 balls1 eng9es1 & c>s2 & = girls1 dolls & h\sekeep+ sets4 ,! complicat$ me*anical toys n[ s mu* 9 vogue give only a mom5t>y pleasure1 & z soon z ! wond] at _! op]ation has worn (f1 !y h lo/ int]e/ = ! *ild except t :i* he gets 9 break+ !m to see h[ ! ?+ work$4 ,:at important ?+s c be taught *ildr5 ) _! toys & h[ may ?is be done8 ,! imag9ation may be develop$1 & *ildr5 may be tra9$ to habits ( neatness1 ord] & regul>ity & to conc5tration ( m9d4 ,to ?is end toys %\ld be kept 9 an ord]ly way ^u a %elf 9 ! nurs]y or 9 a closet1 nev] pil$ 9 a miscellane\s heap 9 ! corn] ( ! room4 ,*ildr5 %\ld select _! toys & play ) "o ?+ at a "t1 :i* !y %\ld be taught to put away 9 its place be=e ano!r is giv54 ,!y %\ld nev] be all[$ to h a doz5 ?+s /rewn ab\t ! room at "o "t1 ) none ( :i* !y are occupi$4 ,,kiss+ ,are !re any valid objections to kiss+ infants8 ,!re are _m s]i\s objections4 ,tub]culosis1 diph!ria1 & _m o!r grave diseases may be communicat$ 9 ?is way4 ,! kiss+ ( infants ^u ! m\? by o!r *ildr51 by nurses1 or by p g5]ally1 %\ld "u no circum/ances be p]mitt$4 ,infants %\ld be kiss$1 if at all1 ^u ! *eek or =ehead1 b ! less ev5 ( ?is ! bett]4 ,,convulsions ,:at %\ld be done = a *ild 9 convulsions be=e a doctor arrives8 ,keep ! *ild p]fectly quiet ) ice at ! head1 put ! feet 9 a mu/>d ba?1 & roll ! entire body 9 l>ge t[els :i* h be5 dipp$ 9 mu/>d wat] 7two heap+ tablespoonfuls ( mu/>d to "o qu>t ( tepid wat]71 & h pl5ty ( hot wat] & a ba? tub at h&1 s t ! doctor c give a hot ba? if he ?9ks x advisable4 ,:5 is a hot ba? useful8 ,if ! convulsions h cont9u$ until ! pulse is weak1 ! face v pale1 ! nails & lips blue1 & ! feet & h&s cold1 ! hot ba? w be useful by br++ blood to ! surface & reliev+ ! he>t1 lungs1 & bra94 ,h[ %\ld ! ba? be giv58 ,! temp]ature %\ld n be ov] #ajf deg4 ,f42 ?is %\ld always be te/$ by a !rmomet] if "o c be obta9$4 ,)\t ?is precaution1 9 ! excitem5t ( ! mom5t1 infants h frequ5tly be5 put into ba?s s hot t s]i\s & ev5 fatal burns h be5 produc$4 ,if no !rmomet] is available ! nurse may plunge h] arm to ! elb[ into ! wat]4 ,x %\ld feel w>m1 b n s hot z to be at all uncom=table4 ,"o half a teacupful ( p[d]$ mu/>d add$ to ! ba? (t5 adds to its efficacy4 ,,=eign ,,bodies ,:at %\ld be done if a =eign body has be5 swall[$8 ,fir/1 exam9e ! ?roat ) ! f+] to see if x has lodg$ !re1 & if s remove x4 ,if x has pass$ f ! ?roat x has usually gone into ! /oma*4 ,:at %\ld be done 9 ?is case8 ,give ! *ild pl5ty ( dry food1 l bread1 potato1 etc41 b "u no circum/ances ei!r an emetic or ca?>tic4 ,an infant may h its usual food4 ,:at h>m w\ld a ca?>tic d8 ,x is likely to hurry ! =eign body too rapidly ?r\gh ! inte/9e & 9 ?is way d h>m2 o!rwise x becomes coat$ ) fecal matt] & passes ! inte/9e usually )\t do+ injury4 ,:at %\ld be done if a *ild gets a =eign body into ! e>8 ,unless ?is c easily be remov$ ) ! f+]s x %\ld n be m$dl$ )1 = x is likely to be pu%$ f>!r into ! e>4 ,! *ild %\ld be tak5 to a physician4 ,:at %\ld be done if !re is a =eign body 9 ! nose8 ,! *ild %\ld bl[ 8 nose /rongly :ile ! empty no/ril is compress$4 ,unless ?is removes x a physician %\ld be call$4 ,m$dlesome int]f]5ce is always h>mful4 ,,colic ,:at are ! symptoms ( colic8 ,!re is a /rong1 h>d cry1 :i* comes sudd5ly & returns e few m9utes4 ,) ?is !re is draw+ up ( ! feet1 contraction ( ! muscles ( ! face1 & o!r signs ( pa94 ,! abdom5 is usually t5se & h>d4 ,:at %\ld be done = a baby ) colic8 ,fir/1 see t ! feet are w>m4 ,place !m aga9/ a hot-wat] bag1 or hold !m be=e an op5 fire2 apply a hot flannel to ! abdom51 or let ! *ild lie ^u its /oma* across a hot-wat] bag4 ,if ! colic cont9ues1 a half teacupful ( w>m wat] conta9+ t5 drops ( turp5t9e may be inject$ into ! b[els ) a syr+e2 at ! same "t ! abdom5 %\ld be g5tly rubb$ s z to />t ! w9d4 ,if ! gas is 9 ! /oma*1 half ( a soda m9t tablet may be giv5 9 a tablespoonful ( v w>m wat]4 ,,e>a*e ,:at are ! symptoms ( e>a*e8 ,! pa9 is g5]ally sev]e & accompani$ by a %>p scream2 ! *ild (t5 puts ! h& to ! affect$ e>1 or cries :5ev] x is t\*$4 ,! pa9 is likely to be prolong$ & cont9u\s4 ,h[ %\ld a *ild ) e>a*e be treat$8 ,! e> %\ld be irrigat$ ) a solution ( boric acid 7tw5ty gra9s to ! ounce7 z w>m z c be borne4 ,dry heat may !n be appli$ 9 sev]al ways4 ,! e> hav+ be5 fir/ cov]$ ) cotton1 a small hot-wat] bag or "o fill$ ) hot salt or bran1 may be b\nd ov] x ) a b&age2 or a small butt] plate heat$ 9 hot wat] may be us$ 9 ! same way4 ,! hot-wat] bag may be held aga9/ ! e> or ! *ild may lie ) 8 head ^u x4 ,! use ( su* sub/ances z oil & laudanum 9 ! e> is n to be recomm5d$4 ,,cr\p ,:at are ! symptoms ( cr\p8 ,!re is a holl[1 dry1 b>k+ c\gh1 ) "s difficulty 9 brea?+4 ,:5 is ?is likely to come on8 ,usually at night4 ,is simple cr\p dang]\s8 ,! ord9>y cr\p ( infants is spasmodic cr\p1 & is v r>ely dang]\s1 al?\gh ! symptoms seem v al>m+4 ,:at are ! symptoms8 ,9 a mild attack !re is simply noisy brea?+1 especially on draw+ 9 ! brea?1 ) a tight1 b>k+1 or cr\py c\gh4 ,9 a sev]e attack ! *ild's brea?+ is m noisy & becomes difficult4 ,:at is ! dang]\s =m ( cr\p8 ,membran\s cr\p1 :i* is ! same ?+ z diph!ria ( ! l>ynx4 ,h[ does ?is develop8 ,gradually2 v r>ely does x come on sudd5ly4 ,:at %\ld be done = a baby :o has spasmodic cr\p8 ,! room %\ld be v w>m1 hot clo?s or p\ltices %\ld be appli$ ov] ! ?roat1 & ei!r a cr\p kettle or an ord9>y tea-kettle kept boil+ 9 ! room4 ,?is is m efficaci\s if ! *ild is plac$ 9 a t5t made by a rais$ umbrella ) a %eet ?r[n ov] x1 & ! /eam introduc$ b5ea? ! t5t4 ,if ! symptoms are urg5t1 t5 drops ( ! sirup ( ipecac %\ld be giv5 e fifte5 m9utes until free vomit+ occurs4 ,:5ev] ! symptoms rea* a po9t :]e brea?+ becomes difficult1 a doctor %\ld be summon$ )\t delay4 ,,contagi\s ,,diseases ,:at are ! fir/ symptoms ( measles8 ,measles comes on r gradually ) c\gh1 sneez+1 wat]y eyes & nose1 mu* l an ord9>y cold 9 ! head4 ,! eruption appe>s aft] ?ree or f\r days1 fir/ ^u ! face & neck z small r$ spots1 & spreads sl[ly ov] ! body4 ,is measles a s]i\s disease8 ,9 infants & dur+ ! w9t] season x is likely to be v s]i\s on acc\nt ( ! dang] ( bron*itis & pneumonia1 :i* frequ5tly accompany x4 ,9 *ildr5 ov] f\r ye>s old x is g5]ally n sev]e4 ,no *ild %\ld be volunt>ily expos$ to ?is disease1 & p>ticul>ly "o :o is delicate or prone to disease ( ! lungs %\ld be protect$ aga9/ x4 ,:5 & h[ is measles contagi\s8 ,measles may readily be convey$ f ! v beg9n+ ( ! cat>rh1 two or ?ree days be=e any eruption is pres5t4 ,x is n (t5 c>ri$ by heal?y p]sons4 ,its poison does n cl+ long to a sick room4 ,:at is ,g]man measles8 ,g]man measles1 or rubella1 is a di/9ct disease & has no?+ to d ) ord9>y measles4 ,x is extremely r>e = a *ild to be mu* sick ) x4 ,!re is usually a v ext5sive eruption :i* may cov] ! body1 b few o!r symptoms4 ,:at are ! fir/ symptoms ( sc>let fev]8 ,g5]ally x comes sudd5ly1 ) vomit+1 high fev]1 & sore ?roat4 ,! eruption usually appe>s )9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs z a r$ blu%1 fir/ ^u ! neck & *e/1 & spreads rapidly4 ,:5 & h[ is sc>let fev] contagi\s8 ,sc>let fev] is only slightly contagi\s = ! fir/ "o or two days ( ! attack4 ,x is mo/ contagi\s at ! height ( ! disease & dur+ desquamation4 ,x may be c>ri$ by heal?y p]sons & by ! clo?+ or b$d+ f ! sick room4 ,h[ does :oop+-c\gh beg98 ,= a week or t5 days x _c be di/+ui%$ f an ord9>y cold on ! *e/4 ,!n ! attacks ( c\gh+ gradually become m sev]e & vomit+ may foll[4 ,aft] a sev]e c\gh+ fit ! brea? is caught ) a peculi> noise kn[n z ! :oop4 ,h[ does *ick5-pox beg98 ,x usually comes out gradually1 z widely scatt]$ pimples ov] ! scalp1 face1 & body1 _m ( :i* soon become small vesicles1 resembl+ t9y bli/]s4 ,!re is it*+ & local discom=t b little fev]1 & ! *ild r>ely seems to be v ill4 ,h[ does diph!ria beg98 ,sometimes sudd5ly1 b usually gradually1 ) sore ?roat & swell+ ( ! gl&s ( ! neck1 ) :ite pat*es ^u ! tonsils1 or a free dis*>ge :i* may be bloody1 f ! no/rils4 ,h[ does mumps beg98 ,z a swell+ ^u ! jaw1 b5ea? ! e>4 ,z x increases x ext5ds =w>d ^u ! *eek & backw>d beh9d ! e>4 ,x affects "o or bo? sides4 ,mumps is n v common 9 "y *ildr51 & 9 !m x is usually mild4 ,aft] twelve or ?irte5 ye>s x is likely to be m sev]e4 ,h[ long aft] exposure d ! fir/ symptoms appe> 9 ! diff]5t diseases8 ,9 sc>let fev] 9 f ?ree to five days1 r>ely lat] ?an a week2 9 measles 9 f n9e to f\rte5 days1 occasionally z late z tw5ty days2 9 :oop+-c\gh 9 f "o to two weeks2 9 *ick5-pox 9 f f\rte5 to sixte5 days2 9 ,g]man measles 9 f t5 to sixte5 days4 ,9 diph!ria ! "t v>ies mu*2 x may be only "o day1 & x may be "o or two weeks4 ,9 mumps x is usually a little less ?an ?ree weeks1 ! av]age be+ tw5ty days4 ,:i* ( ^! diseases are mo/ contagi\s8 ,measles & *ick5-pox are v contagi\s1 & v few *ildr5 :o h n _h !m c come ne> a p]son suff]+ f ei!r disease )\t tak+ x4 ,:oop+-c\gh is almo/ z contagi\s z measles1 & = "y babies ev5 m s4 ,a v close exposure is n necess>y 9 ! case ( ei!r ( ^! diseases1 & :oop+-c\gh c und\bt$ly be contract$ 9 ! op5 air4 ,sc>let fev] & diph!ria are mu* less contagi\s2 = bo? ( ^! a pretty close exposure is necess>y4 ,h[ long %\ld a *ild ) any ( ^! diseases be kept away f o!r *ildr58 ,) measles1 = two weeks aft] ! ra% has gone2 ) sc>let fev]1 = at lea/ f\r weeks aft] ! ra% has gone1 & long] if ! peel+ is n ov] or if ! e>s are runn+2 ) :oop+-c\gh1 = two mon?s1 or s long z ! p>oxysmal c\gh cont9ues2 ) *ick5-pox1 until all cru/s h fall5 (f1 or = ab\t ?ree weeks aft] ! eruption appe>s2 ) ,g]man measles = "o week aft] ! eruption has fad$2 ) diph!ria1 at lea/ t5 days aft] ! ?roat is well 9 a v mild case1 & f\r weeks if ! case has be5 sev]e2 ) mumps = "o week aft] ! swell+ has gone4 ,:at %\ld be done :5 a *ild %[s ! fir/ symptoms ( s]i\s illness8 ,! *ild %\ld be put to b$4 ,if x is an infant ! food %\ld be dilut$ to "o half ! usual /r5g?2 if an old] *ild1 only fluid food %\ld be giv54 ,if ! *ild seems fev]i%1 take ! temp]ature ,if ! b[els are con/ipat$1 give a teaspoonful ( ca/or oil2 b no o!r m$ic9e )\t ! doctor's ord]s4 ,s5d = ! doctor at once1 & until he comes c>efully exclude all o!r *ildr5 f ! room4 ,by :at nurs]y tra9+ may ! exam9ation & treatm5t ( sick *ildr5 he made mu* easi]8 ,by tea*+ all *ildr5 to g>gle1 to %[ ! ?roat1 to take pills1 & by con/antly tea*+ !m to reg>d ! doctor z ! *ild's be/ fri5d1 & 8 visits z a great treat4 ,on no acc\nt %\ld a *ild be fright5$ into ob$i5ce by ?reats ( :at ! doctor w d4 ,) c>e & pati5ce mo/ *ildr5 may be taught to g>gle & take pills at f\r or five ye>s1 & to %[ ! ?roat will+ly at two or ?ree4 ,all ^! matt]s %\ld be made a "p ( ! *ild's education4 ,,scurvy ,:at is scurvy & h[ is x produc$8 ,scurvy is a disease ( g5]al nutrition1 usually caus$ by ! long-cont9u$ use ( improp] food4 ,mo/ ( ! cases come f ! use ( ! prep>$ infant's foods sold 9 ! /ores1 especially :5 !y are giv5 )\t fre% milk2 occasionally ! use ( cond5s$ milk & ( /]iliz$ milk is foll[$ by scurvy2 sometimes x is se5 :51 ow+ to feeble dige/ion1 x has be5 necess>y to make c['s milk v weak = a long "t4 ,:at symptoms are se5 9 an infant ) scurvy8 ,at fir/ !re is only indef9ite & occasional sor5ess 9 ! legs s t ! *ild cries out :5 h&l$4 ,z ?is sor5ess becomes m sev]e ! *ild is (t5 ?\ght to h rheumatism4 ,! gums swell & are ( a deep purple col\r4 ,!re may be ble$+ f ! gums1 nose1 b[els1 or black-&-blue spots may be se5 ^u ! legs4 ,! ankles & knees may swell4 ,! *ild gr[s v pale1 loses appetite & weight1 & sleeps badly4 ,:at %\ld be done :5 an infant %[s signs ( scurvy8 ,! diet %\ld at once be *ang$ to fre% milk1 prop]ly modifi$ accord+ to ! *ild's dige/ion1 b n /]iliz$ or pa/euriz$4 ,! juice ( a sweet orange %\ld be giv51 be/ ab\t an h\r be=e ! fe$+4 ,at fir/ "o or two teaspoonfuls1 f\r or five times a day2 lat]1 m may be giv5 if ! symptoms are n improv$4 ,prop]ly treat$ an infant ) scurvy g5]ally recov]s promptly & completely4 ,if n recognis$1 or untreat$1 x may cause dea?4 ,,con/ipation ,:5 x is necess>y to move ! b[els imm$iately1 :at are "s ( ! easie/ me?ods8 ,an injection ( "o tablespoonful ( sweet oil may be giv51 or half a teaspoonful ( glyc]9e 9 "o tablespoonful ( wat]1 or a teacupful ( tepid soap & wat]1 or a glyc]9e suppository4 ,none ( ^! %\ld be cont9u$ except+ "u ! physician's directions4 ,:at sort ( a syr+e is to be pref]r$ = giv+ an injection to an infant8 ,! bulb syr+e is ! simple/2 ?is consi/s ( an oval bulb ( s(t rubb] & a s(t rubb] or a h>d rubb] tip4 ,x holds "o or two ounces4 ,:at is ! mo/ ess5tial ?+ 9 prev5t+ or ov]com+ con/ipation8 ,! =mation ( ! habit ( hav+ ! b[els move e day regul>ly at ! same h\r1 & prop] e>ly tra9+ 7see page #aef74 ,:at is ! be/ h\r8 ,9 mo/ cases imm$iately aft] ! fir/ meal 9 ! morn+4 ,:at are "s simple means by :i* con/ipation may be reliev$8 ,! be/ are diet1 suppositories1 & massage4 ,! *anges to be made 9 ! milk ( con/ipat$ infants h be5 m5tion$ on page #hb4 ,! addition to ! milk ( "s ( ! malt$ foods1 su* z ,mell9's food or malt$ milk1 is sometimes useful4 ,= little *ildr5 ! fruit juices are p>ticul>ly b5eficial :5 giv5 half an h\r or m be=e ! fir/ morn+ fe$+1 ) half a glass ( wat]4 ,= old] *ildr5 ! am\nt ( :ite bread1 toa/1 & potato1 %\ld be r$uc$1 & gre5 vegetables oatmeal1 & ,graham bread giv51 ) pl5ty ( fruit twice a day4 ,raw scrap$ apples are sometimes ( m value ?an any o!r fruit4 ,! be/ suppositories = cont9u\s use are probably ! glut5 suppositories ( ! ,heal? ,food ,company4 ,"o %\ld be giv5 ! fir/ ?+ 9 ! morn+4 ,!y act r sl[ly1 usually 9 ab\t two h\rs4 ,9 ob/9ate cases "o may also be us$ at b$time4 ,glyc]9e suppositories act m quickly1 b are too irritat+ = regul> use4 ,massage consi/s 9 rubb+ ! abdom51 :i* may be done 9 "o ( two ways3 ,beg9n+ at ! "r gro91 ! h& is c>ri$ up to ! ribs1 !n across to ! opposite side1 !n ar\nd to ! left gro94 ,! abdom5 is /rok$ g5tly at fir/1 & aft]w>d deep] pressure us$ z ! *ild becomes accu/om$ to x4 ,! second me?od is by rubb+ ! deep] p>ts ) a circul> movem5t--! f+]s n mov+ ^u ! sk9--mak+ a s]ies ( small circles1 beg9n+ at ! "r gro9 & foll[+ ! same c\rse z describ$ above4 ,ei!r me?od %\ld be employ$ = six or eight m9utes twice a day1 at almo/ any regul> "t1 except soon aft] a meal4 ,,di>rhoea ,9 case a *ild is tak5 ) di>rhoea1 :at %\ld be done8 ,) a mod]ate loos5ess ( ! b[els 9 an old] *ild1 solid food %\ld be /opp$1 & boil$ milk giv5 dilut$ ) gruel2 ! *ild %\ld be kept p]fectly quiet1 z walk+ ab\t always aggravates su* a di/urbance4 ,if ! symptoms are m sev]e & att5d$ by fev] & vomit+1 all milk %\ld be /opp$ at once1 & only bro?1 b>ley wat]1 or "s ?9 gruel giv54 ,"s ca?>tic1 usually ca/or oil1 is requir$ ) a sev]e attack4 ,if ! pati5t is an infant1 ! milk %\ld be dilut$ & especially %\ld ! fat be r$uc$ 7see page #gf74 ,9 sev]e attacks ) vomit+ or frequ5t f\l /ools1 all food %\ld be /opp$ = at lea/ twelve h\rs & all milk = a long] "t1 & ! b[els freely mov$ by a ca?>tic4 ,:y is a ca?>tic necess>y if ! movem5ts are already frequ5t8 ,su* movem5ts are ne>ly always due to an irritation 9 ! b[el1 set up by ! f]m5t+ food :i* has n be5 dige/$4 ,! di>rhoea is ,nature's ef=t to get rid ( ! irritant4 ,no?+ to /op ! movem5ts %\ld be giv5 until ! b[els h be5 ?or\ghly cle>$ by ! treatm5t m5tion$4 ,,bad ,,habits ,:at are ! mo/ common bad habits ( "y *ildr58 ,suck+1 nail-bit+1 dirt-eat+1 b$-wett+1 & ma/urbation4 ,:at d *ildr5 suck8 ,mo/ frequ5tly ! ?umbs or f+]s1 sometimes ! clo?+ or blanket2 (t5 ! pacifi] or rubb] nipple4 ,:5 is ?is habit mo/ frequ5tly se58 ,x beg9s 9 q e>ly infancy1 & if n brok5 may la/ until *ildr5 are six or sev5 ye>s old4 ,is ! suck+ habit a h>mful "o8 ,:5 p]si/$ 9 x may produce a mis%ap5 m\? or f+]s4 ,x con/antly /imulates ! fl[ ( saliva & c]ta9ly aggravates di/urbances ( dige/ion dur+ :i* ! suck+ habit is likely to be practis$4 ,x may lead to ?ru% or o!r =ms ( infection ( ! m\?4 ,x is n necess>y z a means ( quiet+ a *ild1 ?\gh x may 9 "s degree cov] up ! consequ5ces ( bad fe$+ or bad tra9+4 ,on no acc\nt %\ld ! habit ( suck+ ! pacifi] be all[$ z a means ( putt+ *ildr5 to sleep1 or ( quiet+ !m :ile re/less f d5tition or indige/ion4 ,h[ is ! suck+ habit to be controll$8 ,"o %\ld be sure 9 ! fir/ place t ! con/ant suck+ ( f+]s is n due to hung] f insuffici5t food4 ,suck+ ( ! h&s may (t5 be controll$ by we>+ mitt5s or fa/5+ ! h&s to ! sides dur+ sleep4 ,9 m ob/9ate cases x may be necess>y to conf9e ! elb[ by small pa/ebo>d spl9ts to prev5t ! *ild f b5d+ ! arm s z to get ! h& to ! m\?4 ,:5 are nail-bit+ & dirt-eat+ se51 & h[ are !y to be controll$8 ,^! habits belong especially to *ildr5 ov] ?ree ye>s old4 ,!y are se5 p>ticul>ly 9 ^? :o are excessively n]v\s or ^: g5]al heal? is bel[ p>2 sometimes 9 ^? :o develop s]i\s n]v\s diseases lat] 9 life4 ,*ildr5 ) su* t5d5cies %\ld be closely wat*$1 & e means us$ to break up ^! habits e>ly4 ,dirt-eat+ is a morbid crav+ :i* is r>ely se5 9 a normal *ild4 ,at :at age may a *ild g5]ally be expect$ to g )\t wett+ ! b$ dur+ ! night8 ,usually at two & a half ye>s1 if x is tak5 up late 9 ! ev5+4 ,"s *ildr5 acquire control ( ! bladd] at night :5 two ye>s old1 & a few n until ?ree ye>s4 ,aft] ?ree ye>s habitual b$-wett+ is abnormal4 ,h[ %\ld a "y *ild addict$ to b$-wett+ be manag$8 ,at ?ree or f\r ye>s ( age1 puni%m5ts are sometimes useful1 especially :5 x seems to dep5d m ^u ! *ild's indiff]5ce ?an any?+ else4 ,!y are ( no value 9 old] *ildr51 rew>ds be+ mu* m efficaci\s4 ,9 all cases "o %\ld give a *ild pl5ty ( milk & wat] e>ly 9 ! day1 b no fluids aft] #d ,p4,m41 ! supp] be+ always ( solid or semi-solid food4 ,! *ild %\ld be tak5 up regul>ly at t5 o'clock or !reab\ts4 ,x (t5 happ5s t ! =mation or cont9uance ( ! habit is due to ! *ild be+ 9 poor g5]al condition1 to "s irritation 9 ! ur9e1 or 9 ! g5ital organs4 ,unless ! simple means m5tion$ are successful ! *ild %\ld be plac$ "u ! *>ge ( a physician4 ,:at is ma/urbation8 ,x is ! habit ( rubb+ ! g5ital organs ) ! h&s1 ) ! clo?+1 aga9/ ! b$1 or rubb+ ! ?ighs toge!r4 ,sometimes ! *ild sits ^u ! floor1 crosses its ?ighs tightly & rocks backw>d & =w>d4 ,_m ( ^! ?+s are pass$ ov] lightly & are reg>d$ = mon?s z simply a que] trick ( ! *ild4 ,x may be se5 at any age1 ev5 9 ^? n m ?an a ye> old1 & 9 bo? sexes4 ,h[ %\ld su* a *ild be treat$8 ,ma/urbation is ! mo/ injuri\s ( all ! bad habits1 & %\ld be brok5 up j z e>ly z possible4 ,*ildr5 %\ld especially be wat*$ at ! "t ( go+ to sleep & on fir/ wak+4 ,puni%m5ts & me*anical re/ra9t are ( little avail except ) infants4 ,) old] *ildr5 !y usually make matt]s worse4 ,rew>ds are mu* m efficaci\s4 ,x is ( ! utmo/ importance to wat* ! *ild closely1 to keep 8 confid5ce1 & by all possible means to tea* self-control4 ,"s local cause ( irritation is (t5 pres5t1 :i* c be remov$4 ,m$ical advice %\ld at once be s\ght4 ,,vacc9ation ,n[adays :5 small-pox occurs s seldom is x necess>y to h e *ild vacc9at$8 ,x %\ld by all means be done4 ,x is only by ! practice ( g5]al vacc9ation t small-pox is kept d[n4 ,9 c\ntries or 9 communities :]e vacc9ation is neglect$1 frightful outbreaks ( small-pox occur e n[ & !n j z 9 old5 times4 ,:at is ! be/ "t = vacc9ation8 ,! "t usually select$ is f ! ?ird to ! six? mon?4 ,x may be def]r$ 9 a v delicate *ild :o is n likely to be expos$ to small-pox1 or 9 a *ild suff]+ f any =m ( sk9 disease4 ,:i* is pref]able = vacc9ation1 ! arm or ! leg8 ,! "p :i* c be mo/ easily protect$ & kept at re/ is to be *os54 ,9 infants :o d n yet walk or creep1 ! leg is to be pref]r$8 9 old] *ildr51 9 mo/ circum/ances1 ! arm4 ,if old] *ildr5 are vacc9at$ on ! leg1 !y %\ld n be all[$ to walk mu* :ile ! vacc9ation is active4 ,:5 %\ld vacc9ation be repeat$8 ,an unsuccessful vacc9ation proves no?+ & %\ld be repeat$ 9 two or ?ree weeks4 ,if success fully vacc9at$ 9 infancy1 a *ild %\ld inv>iably be revacc9at$ be=e pub]ty4 ,if expos$ or likely to be expos$ to small-pox at any "t vacc9ation %\ld be repeat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,weight *>t = ! fir/ ye>2 ! curv$ l9e indicates ! av]age rate ( ga94 ,illu/ration3 ,weight *>t1 "o to f\rte5 ye>s4 ,! upp] l9e indicates ! av]age = boys2 ! l[] 7dott$7 l9e t = girls4