,illu/ration3 ,to ,miss ,h>riette ,br[] 
,v ,s9c]ely ,enrico ,c>uso ,n4,y4 #aiai 
,,vocal ,,ma/]y  ,,talks ,,) ,,ma/]     
,,s+]s ,,& ,,tea*]s  ,,compris+         
,,int]views ,,) ,,c>uso1 ,,f>r>1        
,,maurel1 ,,lehmann1 ,,& ,,o!rs  ,,by   
,,h>riette ,,br[]  ,au?or ( ,piano      
,ma/]y1 ,fir/ & ,second ,s]ies1         
,home-,help 9 ,music ,/udy1 ,self-,help 
9 ,piano ,/udy  ,,) ,,tw5ty ,,portraits 
,,new ,,york  ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes     
,,company ,,publi%]s   #aiag1 by ,,oliv]
 ,,ditson ,,company  #aiah1 #aiai1 by   
,,! ,,musical ,,obs]v] ,,company  #aibj1
 by ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,/okes ,,company     
,,=eword   ,x has long be5 a *]i%$      
desire to prep>e a s]ies ( ,talks )     
fam\s ,s+]s1 :i* %\ld h an equal aim )  
,talks ) ,ma/] ,piani/s1 namely1 to     
obta9 f ! arti/s _! p]sonal ideas       
conc]n+ _! art & its ma/]y1 &1 :5       
possible1 "s inkl+ z to ! me?ods by :i* 
!y !mselves h arriv$ at ! goal4  ,!re h 
be5 unexpect$ & untold difficulties 9 ! 
way ( su* an und]tak+4 ,! great] ! arti/

 ! m num]\s ! body-gu>d :i* surr\nds    
him--or h]2 ! m /r+5t ! wat* ov] !      
arti/'s "t & movem5ts4 ,if "o is able to
 p5etrate ?is b>ri] & is p]mitt$ to see 
! arti/1 "o f9ds usually an affable     
g5tleman1 a *>m+ woman1 ) simple mann]s 
& k9dly int5tions4  ,h[ev]1 :5 "o is    
=tunate en\gh to come 9 t\* ) great     
s+]s1 "o f9ds x difficult to draw f !m a
 def9ite idea ( ! process by :i* !y h   
a*iev$ victory4 ,a piani/ c describe 8  
mann] ( tone production1 me?ods ( t\*1  
f+]+1 p$al+2 ! viol9i/ c disc\rse on !  
b[ arm1 use ( left h&1 on /accato &     
pizzicati2 b ! s+] is loa? to describe 8
 own in/rum5t4 ,& ev5 if s+]s c\ld      
analyze1 ! description might n fit any  
case b _! own4 ,= ! art ( s++ is an     
individual art1 ! p]fect+ an in/rum5t   
hidd5 f sight4 ,ea* arti/ mu/ a*ieve    
ma/]y by ov]com+ difficulties :i* beset 
8 own p]sonal pa?4  ,despite ^!         
ob/acles1 e ef=t has be5 put =? to      
induce arti/s to speak f an educational 
/&po9t4 ,x is hop$ ! v>i\s h9ts &       

precepts !y h giv51 may prove ( b5efit  
to s+]s & tea*]s4 ,limitations ( space  
prev5t ! inclusion ( _m o!r arti/s &    
tea*]s4  ,,h>riette ,,br[]4  #aej ,we/  
#hj ,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city4           
,,cont5ts   ,,=eword  ,,enrico ,,c>uso  
444 ,! ,value ( ,"w  ,,g]ald9e ,,f>r>   
444 ,! ,w to ,succe$ a ,compell+ ,=ce   
,,victor ,,maurel 444 ,m9d ,is ,ev]y?+  
,a ,,visit ,,to ,,mme4 ,,lilli ,,lehmann
  ,,amelita ,,galli-,,curci 444         
,self-tea*+ ! ,great ,ess5tial          
,,giuseppe ,,de ,,luca 444 ,ceaseless   
,ef=t ,necess>y = ,arti/ic ,p]fection   
,,luisa ,,tetrazz9i 444 ,! ,coloratura  
,voice  ,,antonio ,,scotti 444 ,tra9+   
,am]ican ,s+]s = ,op]a  ,,rosa ,,raisa  
444 ,pati5ce & ,p]sev]ance ,w9 ,results 
,,l\ise ,,hom] 444 ,! ,requirem5ts ( a  
,musical ,c>e]  ,,giovanni ,,m>t9elli   
444 ,let ,u ,h ,pl5ty ( ,op]a 9 ,am]ica 
,,anna ,,case 444 ,inspir$              
,int]pretation  ,,flor5ce ,,ea/on 444   
,problems ,confront+ ! ,"y ,s+]         
,,m>gu]ite ,d',,alv>ez 444 ,! ,message (

 ! ,s+]  ,,m>ia ,,b>ri5tos 444 ,be ,y\r 
,own ,critic  ,,claudia ,,muzio 444 ,a  
,*ild ( ! ,op]a  ,,edw>d ,,johnson      
7,,ed\>do ,,di ,,giovanni7 444 ,!       
,evolution ( an ,op]a ,/>  ,,re9ald     
,,w]r5ra? 444 ,a*iev+ ,success on !     
,conc]t ,/age  ,,sophie ,,braslau 444   
,mak+ a ,c>e] 9 ,am]ica  ,,morgan       
,,k+/on 444 ,! ,spiritual ,side ( !     
,s+]'s ,art  ,,fri$a ,,hempel 444 ,a    
,lesson ) a ,prima ,donna   ,,) ,,!     
,,ma/] ,,tea*]s  ,,david ,,bispham 444  
,! ,mak+ ( ,arti/ ,s+]s  ,,osc> ,,sa5g] 
444 ,use ( ,records 9 ,vocal ,/udy      
,,h]b]t ,,)]spoon 444 ,memory1          
,imag9ation1 ,analysis  ,,yeatman       
,,griffi? 444 ,causation  ,j4,h4 ,,duval
 444 ,"s ,secrets ( ,beautiful ,s++  ,,!
 ,,coda 444 ,a ,resum     ,,illu/rations
  ,enrico ,c>uso ,frontispiece  ,g]ald9e
 ,f>r>  ,victor ,maurel  ,amelita       
,galli-,curci  ,giuseppe de ,luca       
,luisa ,tetrazz9i  ,antonio ,scotti     
,rosa ,raisa  ,l\ise ,hom]  ,giovanni   
,m>t9elli  ,anna ,case  ,flor5ce ,ea/on 

,m>gu]ite d',alv>ez  ,m>ia ,b>ri5tos    
,claudia ,muzio  ,edw>d ,johnson        
,re9ald ,w]r5ra?  ,sophie ,braslau      
,morgan ,k+/on  ,fri$a ,hempel          
,,vocal ,,ma/]y     ,i  ,,enrico ,,c>uso
  ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,"w   ,enrico ,c>uso6
 ,! v "n itself calls up visions ( !    
greate/ op]atic t5or ( ! pres5t         
g5]ation1 to ^? :o h bo? he>d & se5 him 
9 "s ( 8 _m rles4 ,or1 to ^? :o h only  
li/5$ to 8 records1 aga9 visions ( !    
wond]ful voice1 ) its p5etrat+1 vibrant1
 r++ quality1 ! impassion$ deliv]y1 :i* 
/amps e note he s+s ) ! hall m>k (      
g5ius1 ! trem5d\s1 un=gettable climaxes4
 ,n to h he>d ,c>uso s+ is to h miss$   
some?+ out ( life2 n to h se5 him act 9 
"s ( 8 be/ p>ts is to h miss$ !         
inspiration ( great act+4 ,z ,mr4       
,hunek] once wrote3 ,! arti/ic c>e] (   
,c>uso is z well kn[n z t ( any great   
g5]al or /atesman2 he is a national     
figure4 ,he is a great arti/1 &1 :at is 
r>]1 a g5u9e man4  ,& h[ we h se5 8 art 
gr[ & rip51 s9ce he fir/ began to s+ =  

u4 ,! date ( 8 fir/ appe>ance at !      
,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se1 ,new ,york1 0
 ,novemb] #bcrd1 #aijc4 ,!n ! voice 0   
m>vel\s 9 its fre%ness & beauty1 b      
hi/rionic developm5t lagg$ f> beh9d4 ,! 
s+] seem$ unable to make u visualize !  
*>act]s he endeavor$ to portray4 ,x 0   
always ,c>uso :o sang a c]ta9 "p2 we    
c\ld nev] =get t4 ,b con/ant /udy &     
exp]i5ce h elim9at$ ev5 ?is defect1 s t 
to-day ! s+] & actor are ju/ly balanc$2 
bo? are sup]latively great4 ,c any "o :o
 he>s & sees ,c>uso 9 ! rle ( ,samson1  
li/5 unmov$ to ! ?robb+ wail ( t glori\s
 voice & ! unutt]able woe ( ! bl9d man's
 poignant imp]sonation8   ,,9 ,,e>ly    
,,days  ,enrico ,c>uso 0 born 9 ,naples1
 ! y\nge/ ( n9ete5 *ildr54 ,8 fa!r 0 an 
eng9e] & ! boy 0 taught ! trade 9 8     
fa!r's %op1 & 0 expect$ to foll[ 9 8    
fa!r's foot/eps4 ,b de/9y decre$        
o!rwise4 ,z he himself said1 to "o      
li/5]3  ,i _h always sung z f> back z ,i
 c rememb]1 = ! pure love ( x4 ,my voice
 0 contralto1 & ,i sang 9 a *ur* 9      

,naples f f\rte5 till ,i 0 eighte54 ,!n 
,i _h to g into ! army = a:ile4 ,i _h   
nev] le>n$ h[ to s+1 = ,i _h nev] be5   
taught4 ,"o day a "y (fic] ( my company 
said to me3 ',y w spoil y\r voice if y  
keep on s++ l t'--= ,i suppose ,i 0 fond
 ( %\t+ 9 ^? days4 ',y %\ld le>n h[ to  
s+1' he said to me2 'y mu/ /udy4' ,he   
introduc$ me to a "y man :o at once took
 an int]e/ 9 me & br\ght me to a s++    
ma/] nam$ ,v]g9e4 ,i sang = him1 b he 0 
v disc\rag+4 ,8 v]dict 0 x w\ld be      
hopeless to try to make a s+] out ( me4 
,z x 01 ,i might possibly e>n a few lire
 a night ) my voice1 b accord+ to 8 idea
 ,i _h f> bett] /ick to my fa!r's trade1
 9 :i* ,i c\ld at lea/ e>n =ty c5ts a   
day4  ,b my "y fri5d w\ld n give up s   
easily4 ,he begg$ ,v]g9e to he> me aga94
 ,?+s w5t a little bett] ) me ! second  
"t & ,v]g9e cons5t$ to tea* me4         
,,rigid ,,discipl9e  ,& n[ began a p]iod
 ( rigid discipl9e4 ,9 ,v]g9e's idea ,i 
_h be5 s++ too l\d2 ,i mu/ rev]se ?is & 
s+ ev]y?+ s(tly4 ,i felt z ?\gh 9 a     

/rait-jacket2 all my ef=ts at expression
 7 mo/ c>efully repress$2 ,i 0 nev]     
all[$ to let out my voice4 ,at la/ came 
a *ance to try my w+s 9 op]a1 at t5 lire
 a night 7#b4jj74 ,9 spite ( ! rgime (  
repression to :i* ,i _h be5 subject$ = !
 pa/ ?ree ye>s1 !re 7 /ill a few traces 
( my natural feel+ left4 ,! p 7 k9d to  
me & ,i got a few engagem5ts4 ,v]g9e _h 
s long tra9$ me to s+ s(tly1 nev]       
p]mitt+ me to s+ out1 t p began to call 
me ! ,brok5 ,t5or4   ,,! ,,fir/ ,,real  
,,*ance  ,a bett] *ance came be=e long4 
,9 #ahif ! ,op]a ,h\se 9 ,sal]no decid$ 
to produce ,i ,puritani4 ,at ! la/ mom5t
 ! t5or !y _h engag$ to s+ ! lead+ rle  
became ill1 & !re 0 no "o to s+ ! "p4   
,lomb>di1 conductor ( ! or*e/ra1 told ! 
directors !re 0 a "y s+] 9 ,naples1 ab\t
 eighte5 miles away1 :o he knew c\ld    
help !m out & s+ ! "p4 ,:5 !y he>d ! "n 
,c>uso1 !y laugh$ scornfully4 ',:at1 !  
,brok5 ,t5or8' !y ask$4 ,b ,lomb>di     
press$ my claim1 assur$ !m ,i c\ld be   
engag$1 & no d\bt w\ld be glad to s+ =  

no?+4  ,s ,i 0 s5t =4 ,lomb>di talk$ )  
me a:ile fir/4 ,he expla9$ by means (   
sev]al illu/rations1 t ,i mu/ n /& cold 
& /iff 9 ! middle ( ! /age1 :ile ,i sang
 nice1 sweet tones4 ,no1 ,i mu/ let out 
my voice1 ,i mu/ ?r[ myself into ! "p1  
,i mu/ be alive to x--mu/ live x & 9 x4 
,9 %ort1 ,i mu/ act z well z s+4   ,a   
,,revelation  ,x 0 all l a revelation to
 me4 ,i _h nev] realiz$ be=e h[         
absolutely necess>y x 0 to act out ! "* 
,i attempt$4 ,s ,i sang ,i ,puritani1 ) 
z mu* success z c\ld h be5 expect$ ( a  
"y s+] ) s little exp]i5ce4 ,some?+     
awoke 9 me at t mom5t4 ,f t night ,i 0  
nev] call$ a ',brok5 ,t5or' aga94 ,i    
made a regul> engagem5t at two ?\s& lire
 a mon?4 ,out ( ?is ,i paid regul>ly to 
,v]g9e ! tw5ty-five p] c5t :i* he always
 dem&$4 ,he 0 some:at reconcil$ to me :5
 he saw t ,i _h a real engagem5t & 0    
mak+ a sub/antial sum1 ?\gh he /ill     
insi/$ t ,i w\ld lose my voice 9 a few  
ye>s4 ,b "t passes & ,i am /ill s++4    
,,results ,,( ,,! ,,revelation  ,! fact 

t ,i c\ld secure an op]a engagem5t made 
me realize ,i _h )9 me ! mak+ ( an      
arti/1 if ,i w\ld really labor = su* an 
end4 ,:5 ,i became ?or\ghly conv9c$ (   
?is1 ,i 0 trans=m$ f an amateur into a  
pr(essional 9 a s+le day4 ,i n[ began to
 take c>e ( myself1 le>n good habits1 & 
endeavor$ to cultivate my m9d z well z  
my voice4 ,! conviction gradually grew  
^u me t if ,i /udi$ & work$1 ,i w\ld be 
able "o day to s+ 9 su* a way z to      
satisfy myself4   ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,"w  
,,to ,,! ,,s+]  ,c>uso believes 9 !     
necessity = "w1 & s5ds ?is message to   
all ambiti\s /ud5ts3 ,to become a s+]   
requires "w1 "w1 & aga9 "w6 ,x ne$ n be 
9 any special corn] ( ! e>?2 !re is no  
"o spot t w d m = y ?an o!r places4 ,x  
doesn't matt] s mu* :]e y are1 if y h   
intellig5ce & a good e>4 ,li/5 to       
y\rself2 y\r e> w tell y :at k9d ( tones
 y are mak+4 ,if y w only use y\r own   
intellig5ce y c correct y\r own faults4 
,,ceaseless ,,/udy  ,?is is no idle     
spee*1 voic$ to impress ! read]4 ,c>uso 

practices :at he prea*es1 = he is an    
incessant work]4 ,two or ?ree h\rs 9 !  
=5oon1 & sev]al m lat] 9 ! day1 :5ev]   
possible4 ,he does n neglect daily vocal
 te*nic1 scales & ex]cises4 ,!re are    
always _m rles to keep 9 rehe>sal ) !   
accompani/4 ,he has a rep]toire ( sev5ty
 rles1 "s ( !m le>n$ 9 two languages4   
,among ! p>ts he has prep>$ b has nev]  
sung are3 ,o!llo1 ,fra ,diavolo1 ,eug5  
,oneg91 ,pique ,dame1 ,fal/aff & ,jewels
 ( ! ,madonna4  ,besides ! daily review 
( op]a rles1 ,c>uso exam9es _m new      
songs2 e day br+s a g5]\s supply4       
,naturally "s ( ^! f9d _! way into !    
wa/e basket2 "s are pres]v$ = ref]5ce1  
:ile ! favor$ ones :i* are accept$ mu/  
be /udi$ = use 9 recital4  ,i _h !      
privilege1 rec5tly1 ( sp5d+ a good "p ( 
"o =5oon 9 ,mr4 ,c>uso's private qu>t]s 
at 8 ,new ,york ,hotel1 exam9+ a :ole   
book full ( mem5tos ( ! ,jubilee        
celebration ( ,m>*1 #aiai1 on ! occasion
 :5 ! great t5or complet$ tw5ty-five    
ye>s ( activity on ! op]atic /age4 ,"h 7

 ga!r$ telegrams & cablegrams f all ov] 
! _w4 ,_m lett]s & c>ds ( greet+ &      
congratulation are pres]v$ 9 ?is portly 
volume4 ,among !m "o notic$ messages f  
,mme4 ,s*umann-,he9k1 ! ,flonzaley      
,qu>tet1 ,cle(onte ,campan9i & ho/s (   
o!rs4 ,"h1 too1 is pres]v$ ! ,jubilee   
,programme booklet1 also ! libretto us$ 
on t gala occasion4 ,music lov]s all ov]
 ! _w w e*o ! hope t ?is wond]ful voice 
may be pres]v$ = _m ye>s to come6   ,a  
,,la/ ,,^w  ,! above article 0 %[n to   
,mr4 ,c>uso1 at 8 reque/1 & ,i 0 ask$ a 
few days lat] to come to him4 ,!re _h   
be5 ! usual rehe>sal at ! ,op]a ,h\se t 
day4 ,ah1 ^? rehe>sals1 exclaim$ !      
secret>y1 /opp+ 8 typewrit] = an in/ant2
 no "o :o has nev] be5 ?r\gh x has any  
idea ( :at a rehe>sal means4 ,& he lift$
 h&s & eyes expressively4 ,mr4 ,c>uso   
rose at eight1 w5t to rehe>sal at t5 &  
did n f9i% till aft] ?ree4 ,he is n[    
re/+1 b w see y 9 a mom5t4  ,pres5tly ! 
great t5or op5$ ! door & ent]$4 ,he wore
 a l\ng+ coat ( ori5tal silk1 r$ bord]$1

 & on ! left h& gleam$ a wond]ful r+1 a 
broad b& ( dull gold1 set ) diamonds1   
rubies & sapphires4 ,he %ook h&s1 said  
he _h read my /ory1 t x 0 q correct & _h
 8 entire approval4  ,& h y a f9al      
message to ! "y s+]s :o are /ruggl+ &   
long+ to s+ "s day z wond]fully z y d8  
,tell !m to /udy1 to "w always1--&--to  
sacrifice6  ,8 eyes _h a /range1        
inscrutable light 9 !m1 z he d\btless   
recall$ 8 own e>ly /ruggles1 & life (   
con/ant ef=t4  ,& s take 8 message to   
he>t3  ,"w1 "w--&--sacrifice6     ,,ii  
,,g]ald9e ,,f>r>  ,,! ,,w ,,to ,,succe$ 
,a ,,compell+ ,,=ce   ,to measure !     
importance ( ,g]ald9e ,f>r> 7at !       
,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se1 ,new ,york7  
"o has only to ?9k ( ! void !re w\ld h  
be5 dur+ ! la/ decade1 & m1 if %e _h n  
be5 !re4 ,try to picture ! p]iod betwe5 
#aijf & #aibj )\t ,f>r>--x is           
inconceivable6 ,f>r>1 m ?an any o!r s+]1
 has be5 ! triumphant liv+ symbol ( !   
new day = ! ,am]ican arti/ at !         
,metropolitan4 ,%e pav$ ! way4 ,s9ce t  

night1 9 #aijf1 :5 h] ,juliette /irr$ ! 
/aid old h\se1 ,am]ican s+]s h be5 add$ 
ye> by ye> to ! p]sonnel4 ,among ^!     
y\ng] s+]s !re are ^? :o w admit at once
 t x 0 ! success ( ,g]ald9e ,f>r> :i*   
gave !m ! impetus to "w h>d = a l       
success4  ,illu/ration3 ,,g]ald9e ,,f>r>
  ,^! ?\ghts h be5 voic$ by a rec5t     
review]1 & w f9d a quick response f "y  
s+]s all ov] ! c\ntry1 :o h be5 inspir$ 
by ! c>e] ( ?is repres5tative arti/1 &  
by ! ?\s&s :o h enjoy$ h] s++ & h] _m   
*>act]izations4  ,i 0 pres5t on !       
occasion ( ,miss ,f>r>'s db at ! greate/
 op]a h\se ( h] home l&4 ,i1 too1 0     
?rill$ by ! fre% "y voice 9 ! girli% &  
*>m+ imp]sonation ( ,juliette4 ,x is a  
matt] ( hi/ory t f ! mom5t ( h]         
auspici\s return to ,am]ica %e has be5  
con/antly be=e ! public1 f ! beg9n+ to  
end ( ea* op]atic season4 ,o!r s+]s (t5 
come = "p ( ! season1 /ep out & make    
room = o!rs4 ,b ,miss ,f>r>1 z well z   
,mr4 ,c>uso1 c be dep5d$ on to rema94   
,any "o :o gives ! "q a mom5t's ?\ght1  

kn[s t su* a c>e]1 c>ri$ ?r\gh a score (
 ye>s1 means con/ant1 unremitt+ labor4  
,!re mu/ be daily "w on vocal te*nic2   
rep]toire mu/ be kept up to op]a pit*1 &
 la/ & p]haps mo/ important ( all1 new  
works mu/ be s\ght1 /udi$ & assimilat$4 
,! s+] :o c accompli% ^! tasks w h      
little or no "t = society & ! gay _w1   
inasmu* z h] /r5g? mu/ be devot$ to !   
s]vice ( h] art4 ,%e mu/ keep heal?y    
h\rs1 be always ready to appe>1 & nev]  
disappo9t h] audi5ces4 ,& su*1 accord+  
to ,miss ,f>r>'s own words is h] record 
9 ! s]vice ( art4  ,:ile zeal\sly gu>d+ 
h] "t f int]ruption f ! m]ely curi\s1   
,miss ,f>r> does n entr5* h]self beh9d  
insurm\ntable b>ri]s1 z _m s+]s seem to 
d1 s t no hone/ seek] = h] views ( /udy 
& a*ievem5t c f9d h]4 ,:ile mak+ a rule 
n to try voices ( ! ?rong ( "y s+]s :o  
w\ld l to h h] v]dict on _! ability &   
prospects1 ,miss ,f>r> is v graci\s to  
^? :o really ne$ to see h]4             
,aga9--unlike o!rs--%e w make an        
appo9tm5t a c\ple ( weeks 9 advance1 &  

"o c re/ assur$ %e w keep t appo9tm5t to
 ! day & h\r1 9 spite ( _m press+ calls 
on h] att5tion4  ,to meet & talk = an   
h\r ) an arti/ :o has s (t5 *>m$ y f !  
o!r side ( ! footlights1 is a mo/       
int]e/+ exp]i5ce4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance x 
began ) my be+ tak5 up to ,miss ,f>r>'s 
private sanctum1 at ! top ( h] ,new     
,york resid5ce4 ,?\gh ?is is h] d51 :]e 
%e /udies & works1 x is a spaci\s p>lor1
 :]e all is light1 color1 w>m? & above  
all1 quiet4 ,a ?ick crimson c>pet hu%es 
! footfall4 ,a luxuri\s c\* pil$ ) silk5
 cu%ions1 & com=table arm *airs are all 
9 ! same w>m t9t2 ov] ! gr& piano is    
?r[n a cov] ( r$ velvet1 gold embroid]$4
 ,portraits ( arti/s & _m co/ly trifles 
are scatt]$ "h & !re4 ,! "y lady :o acts
 z secret>y happ5$ to be 9 ! room &     
spoke ) en?usiasm ( ! s+]'s absorption 9
 h] "w1 h] delight 9 x1 h] nev] fail+   
en]gy & good spirits4 ,f ! day ,i he>d  
,miss ,f>r> s+ ,i felt drawn to h] &    
hop$ ! "t w\ld come :5 ,i c\ld s]ve h] 9
 "s way4 ,i did n "k !n t x w\ld be 9   

?is way4 ,h] example is an inspiration  
to all :o come 9 t\* ) h]4  ,9 a few    
mom5ts ,miss ,f>r> h]self appe>$1 & ! "y
 girl )drew4  ,& 0 ?is ,f>r> :o /ood    
be=e me1 9 ! flu% ( vigor\s womanhood1 &
 :o welcom$ me s graci\sly8 ,! fir/     
impression 0 "o ( fri5dl9ess & s9c]ity1 
:i* caus$ ! arti/ = ! mom5t to be =gott5
 9 ! unaffect$ simplicity ( ! woman4    
,miss ,f>r> settl$ h]self com=tably     
among ! r$ silk cu%ions & 0 ready = our 
talk4 ,! simplicity ( mann] 0 reflect$ 9
 h] words4 ,%e did n imply--!re is only 
"o "r way1 & ,i h f\nd x4 ,^! ?+s seem  
be/ = my voice1 & ?is is ! way ,i "w4   
,b1 s9ce ea* voice is diff]5t1 !y might 
n fit any "o else4 ,i h no desire to lay
 d[n rules = o!rs2 ,i c only speak ( my 
own exp]i5ce4   ,,! ,,"q ,,( ,,heal?  ,&
 y w\ld fir/ "k h[ ,i keep /rong & well 
& always ready8 ,p]haps ! answ] is1 ,i  
keep regul> h\rs & habits1 & love my "w4
 ,i h always lov$ to s+1 z f> back z ,i 
c rememb]4 ,music means ev]y?+ to me--x 
is my life4 ,z a *ild & "y girl1 ,i 0 ! 

despair ( my playmates because ,i w\ld n
 jo9 _! games2 ,i did n c>e to skate1   
play croquet or t5nis1 or su* ?+s4 ,i   
nev] want$ to ex]cise viol5tly1 &1 to   
me1 unnecess>ily1 because x int]f]$ ) my
 s++2 took en]gy :i* ,i ?\ght might be  
bett] appli$4 ,z ,i grew old] ,i did n  
c>e to keep late h\rs & be 9 an         
atmosph]e :]e p smok$ & p]haps drank1 = 
^! ?+s 7 bad = my voice & ,i c\ld n d my
 "w next day4 ,my "t is always regul>ly 
laid out4 ,i rise at half pa/ sev51 & am
 ready to "w at n9e4 ,i d n c>e to sit  
up late at night1 ei!r1 = ,i ?9k late   
h\rs react on ! voice4 ,occasionally1 if
 we h a few gue/s = d9n]1 ,i ask !m1 :5 
t5 ?irty arrives1 to /ay z long z !y wi%
 & enjoy !mselves1 b ,i retire4         
,,te*nical ,,/udy  ,!re are gift$ p :o  
may be call$ natural born s+]s4 ,melba  
is "o ( ^!4 ,su* s+]s d n require mu*   
te*nical practice1 or if !y ne$ a little
 ( x1 half an h\r a day is suffici5t4 ,i
 am n "o ( ^? :o d n ne$ to practice4 ,i
 give betwe5 "o & two h\rs daily to     

vocalizes1 scales & tone /udy4 ,b ,i    
love x6 ,a scale is beautiful to me1 if 
x is rightly sung4 ,9 fact x is n m]ely 
a succession ( notes2 x repres5ts color4
 ,i always translate s\nd into color4 ,x
 is a fasc9at+ /udy to make diff]5t     
qualities ( tonal color 9 ! voice4      
,c]ta9 rles require an entirely diff]5t 
range ( colors f o!rs4 ,"o night ,i mu/ 
s+ a "p ) ?ick1 heavy1 ri* tones2 ! next
 night my tones mu/ be ?9n$ out 9 q     
ano!r timbre ( ! voice1 to fit an       
opposite "*4  ,ask$ if %e c he> h]self1 
,miss ,f>r> answ]$3  ,no1 ,i d n        
actually he> my voice1 except 9 a g5]al 
way2 b we le>n to "k ! s5sations produc$
 9 muscles ( ?roat1 head1 face1 lips &  
o!r p>ts ( ! anatomy1 :i* vibrate 9 a   
c]ta9 mann] to correct tone production4 
,we le>n ! feel+ ( ! tone4 ,!re=e e "o1 
no matt] h[ advanc$1 requires exp]t     
advice z to ! results4   ,,) ,,lehmann  
,i h /udi$ = a long "t ) ,lilli ,lehmann
 9 ,b]l92 9 fact ,i might say %e is     
almo/ my only tea*]1 ?\gh ,i did h "s   

in/ruction be=e go+ to h]1 bo? 9 ,am]ica
 & ,p>is4 ,y see1 ,i always sang1 ev5 z 
a v little girl4 ,my "m has excell5t    
ta/e & k 9 music1 & f9d+ ,i 0 9 dang] ( 
/ra9+ my voice ?r\gh s++ ) ^? old] ?an  
myself1 %e plac$ me ) a vocal tea*] :5  
,i 0 twelve1 z a means ( pres]vation4   
,lehmann is a wond]ful tea*] & an       
extraord9>y woman z well4 ,:at art is   
!re--:at k & und]/&+6 ,:at int5sity !re 
is 9 ev]y?+ %e does4 ,%e us$ to say3    
',rememb]1 ^! f\r walls :i* inclose y1  
make a v diff]5t space to fill comp>$ to
 an op]a h\se2 y mu/ take ?is fact into 
consid]ation & /udy accord+ly4' ,no "o  
ev] said a tru] ^w4 ,if "o only /udies  
or s+s 9 a room or /udio1 "o has no idea
 ( :at x means to fill a !at]4 ,x is a  
di/9ct bran* ( "o's "w to ga9 p[] &     
control & to adapt "o's self to l>ge    
spaces4 ,"o c only le>n ?is by do+ x4   
,x is sometimes rem>k$ by li/5]s at !   
op]a1 t we s+ too l\d1 or t we scream4  
,!y surely nev] ?9k ( ! great size ( !  
/age1 ( ! di/ance f ! prosc5ium ar* to !

 footlights1 or f ! ar* to ! fir/ set ( 
w+s4 ,!y d n consid] t )9 rec5t ye>s !  
size ( ! or*e/ra has be5 l>gely         
increas$1 s t we are oblig$ to s+ aga9/ 
?is great numb] ( in/rum5ts1 :i* are    
mak+ e possible k9d ( a noise except t (
 a sir54 ,x is no wond] t we mu/ make   
mu* ef=t to be he>d3 sometimes ! ef=t   
may seem injudici\s4 ,! po9t we mu/     
consid] is to make ! greate/ possible   
effect ) ! lea/ possible ex]tion4       
,lehmann is ! mo/ pa9/ak+1 devot$ tea*] 
a "y s+] c h4 ,x is pro( ( h] excell5t  
me?od & h] p]fect und]/&+ ( vocal ma/]y1
 t %e is /ill able to s+ 9 public1 if n 
) h] old-"t p[]1 yet ) good tone        
quality4 ,x %[s :at an arti/ %e really  
is4 ,i always w5t ov] to h] e summ]1    
until ! w> came4 ,we w\ld "w toge!r at  
h] villa 9 ,gru5ewald1 :i* y y\rself "k4
 ,or we w\ld g = a holiday d[n ne>]     
,salzburg1 & w\ld "w !re4 ,we always    
work$ :]ev] we 74   ,,memoriz+  ,h[ d ,i
 memorize8 ,i play ! song or rle ?r\gh a
 numb] ( times1 conc5trat+ on bo? words 

& music at once4 ,i am a piani/ anyway2 
& committ+ to memory is v easy = me4 ,i 
0 tra9$ to le>n by he>t f ! v />t4 ,:5  
,i sang my little songs at six ye>s old1
 "m w\ld nev] let me h any music be=e   
me3 ,i mu/ "k my songs by he>t4 ,& s ,i 
le>n$ !m q naturally4 ,to me s++ 0 l    
talk+ to p4   ,,contra/+ ,,coloratura   
,,& ,,dramatic ,,s++  ,y ask me to      
expla9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! coloratura & 
! dramatic organ4 ,i %\ld say x is a    
diff]5ce ( timbre4 ,! coloratura voice  
is bright & brilliant 9 its high]       
portion1 b becomes weak] & ?9n] z x     
desc5ds2 :]eas ! dramatic voice has a   
?ick]1 ri*] quality all ?r\gh1          
especially 9 its l[] regi/]4 ,!         
coloratura voice w s+ upp] ,c1 & x w    
s\nd v high inde$4 ,i might s+ ! same   
tone1 b x w\ld s\nd l ,a flat1 because !
 tone w\ld be ( su* totally diff]5t     
timbre4   ,,to ,,! ,,"y ,,s+]  ,if ,i h 
any message to ! "y s+]1 x w\ld be3     
,/ick to y\r "w & /udy sy/ematically1   
:ole-he>t$ly4 ,if y d n love y\r "w     

en\gh to give x y\r be/ ?\ght1 to make  
sacrifices = x1 !re is some?+ wrong ) y4
 ,!n *oose "s o!r l9e ( "w1 to :i* y c  
give undivid$ att5tion & devotion4 ,=   
music requires ?is4 ,z = sacrifices1 !y 
really d n exi/1 if !y promote ! ?+ y   
hone/ly love mo/4  ,d n fancy y c       
prop]ly prep>e y\rself 9 a %ort "t to   
und]take a musical c>e]1 = ! pa? is a   
long & ardu\s "o4 ,y mu/ nev] /op /udy+1
 = !re is always s mu* to le>n4 ,if ,i h
 sung a rle a hundr$ times1 ,i always   
f9d places t c be improv$2 inde$ ,i nev]
 s+ a rle twice exactly 9 ! same way4   
,s1 f :atev] side y consid] ! s+]'s "w &
 c>e]1 bo? are ( absorb+ int]e/4  ,ano!r
 ?+2 d n worry1 = t is bad = y\r voice4 
,if y h n made ?is tone correctly1 or   
sung t phrase to suit y\rself1 pass x   
ov] = ! mom5t ) a wave ( ! h& or a      
smile2 b don't become disc\rag$4 ,g "r  
on6 ,i knew a beautiful ,am]ican 9 ,p>is
 :o possess$ a lovely voice4 ,b %e _h a 
v s5sitive nature1 :i* c\ld n endure h>d
 knocks4 ,%e began to worry ov] little  

failures & disappo9tm5ts1 ) ! result t 9
 ?ree ye>s h] voice 0 q gone4 ,we mu/ n 
give way to disappo9tm5ts1 b conqu] !m1 
& keep "r along ! pa? we h />t$ on4     
,,mod]n ,,music  ,mod]n music requires q
 a diff]5t h&l+ ( ! voice & makes       
entirely diff]5t dem&s ^u x ?an does !  
old] music4 ,! old ,italian op]as       
requir$ little or no action1 only       
beautiful s++4 ,! op]a h\ses 7 small] & 
s 7 ! or*e/ras4 ,! s+] c\ld /& /ill 9 ! 
middle ( ! /age & p\r out beautiful     
tones1 ) few movem5ts ( body to m> 8    
s]5ity4 ,b we1 9 ^! days1 dem& action z 
well z song4 ,we ne$ s++ actors &       
actresses4 ,! music is declamatory2 !   
s+] mu/ ?r[ 8 :ole s\l into 8 "p1 mu/   
act z well z s+4 ,?+s are all on a l>g] 
scale4 ,x is a f> great] /ra9 on ! voice
 to int]pret "o ( ! mod]n ,italian op]as
 ?an to s+ "o ( ^? quietly beautiful    
works ( ! old s*ool4  ,am]ica's gr[? 9  
music has be5 m>vel\s on ! appreciative 
& int]pretive side4 ,) su* a musical    
awak5+1 we c look =w>d to ! appe>ance ( 

great creative g5ius "r "h 9 ?is c\ntry1
 p]haps 9 ! ne> future4 ,:y %\ld we n   
expect x8 ,we h n yet produc$ a compos] 
:o c write endur+ op]as or symphonies4  
,mac,dowell is our highe/ type z yet2 b 
o!rs w come :o w c>ry ! /&>d high]4     
,,voice ,,limitations  ,! s+] mu/ be    
will+ to admit limitations ( voice &    
/yle & n attempt p>ts :i* d n come )9 ! 
compass ( h] atta9m5ts4 ,nei!r is x wise
 to =ce ! voice up or d[n :5 x seems a  
great ef=t to d s4 ,we c all ?9k ( s+]s 
^: natural quality is mezzo--let u      
say--:o try to =ce ! voice up into a    
high] regi/]4 ,!re is "o arti/ ( great  
dramatic gifts1 :o n cont5t ) ! ri*     
quality ( h] natural organ1 tri$ to add 
sev]al high notes to ! upp] portion4 ,! 
result 0 disa/r\s4 ,aga91 "s ( our "y   
s+]s :o possess beautiful1 sweet voices1
 %\ld n =ce !m to ! utmo/ limit ( p[]1  
simply to fill1 or try to fill a great  
space4 ,! life ( ! voice w be impair$ by
 su* injuri\s practice4   ,,vocal       
,,ma/]y  ,:at d ,i und]/& by vocal      

ma/]y8 ,x is some?+ v difficult to      
def9e4 ,= a ?+ t is ma/]$ mu/ be really 
p]fect4 ,to ma/] vocal art1 ! s+] mu/ h 
s develop$ 8 voice t x is "u complete   
control2 !n he c d ) x :atsoev] he      
wi%es4 ,he mu/ be able to produce all he
 desires ( p[]1 pianissimo1 acc5t1 %ad+1
 delicacy & v>iety ( color4 ,:o is equal
 to ! task8  ,miss ,f>r> 0 sil5t a      
mom5t2 !n %e said1 answ]+ h] own "q3  ,i
 c ?9k ( b two p :o hone/ly c be said to
 possess vocal ma/]y3 !y are ,c>uso &   
,mc,cormack4 ,^? :o h only he>d ! latt] 
d little ,iri% tunes1 h no idea ( :at he
 is capable4 ,i h he>d him s+ ,moz>t z  
no "o else ,i "k ( c4 ,^! two arti/s h1 
?r\gh ceaseless application1 won vocal  
ma/]y4 ,x is some?+ we are all /riv+ =6 
,,iii  ,,victor ,,maurel  ,,m9d ,,is    
,,ev]y?+   ,mr4 ,james ,hunek]1 9 "o ( 8
 s]ies ( articles entitl$ ,) !          
,immortals1 9 ! ,new ,york ,_w1 ?us1 9 8
 inimitable way *>act]izes ,victor      
,maurel3  ,i don't suppose !re is to be 
f\nd 9 musical annals su* div]sity (    

aptitudes z t display$ by ?is ,fr5*     
b>itone4 ,is !re an actor on any /age   
to-day :o c portray bo? ! grossness (   
,fal/aff & ! subtlety ( ,iago8 ,mak+    
all[ance = ! diff]5t art m$ium t ! s++  
actor mu/ "w 91 & despite ! l>g] curves 
( op]atic pose & ge/ure1 ,maurel kept   
a/oni%+ly ne> to ! *>act]s he assum$4   
,he 0 ,%akespe>ian2 8 ,fal/aff 0 ! mo/  
wond]ful ,i ev] saw4  ,illu/ration3     
,,victor ,,maurel  ,& !n ,iago3 ,9 !    
,maurel conception1 ,o!llo's ,anci5t 0 n
 pa9t$ black 9 black--! he>t ( d>kness1 
b ) _m nuances1 _m gradations4 ,he 0    
economical ( ge/ure1 play+ on ! jeal\s  
,moor z plays a skillfully h&l$ b[ ^u a 
f9ely attun$ viol94 ,8 0 truly an       
objective *>act]ization4 ,8 ,don        
,giovanni 0 broadly design$4 ,he 0 !    
ari/ocrat to ! life1 c\rtly1 brave1     
amor\s1 intrigu+1 cruel1 sup]/iti\s &   
quick to take (f5se4 ,9 8 be/ e/ate1 !  
dr9k+ song 0 %e] virtuosity4 ,suffice to
 add t ,v]di intru/$ to him ! task (    
orig9at+ two su* widely sund]$ rles z   

,iago & ,fal/aff4 ,an extraord9>y arti/6
  ,"o ev5+ we 7 discuss+ ! m]its ( v>i\s
 fam\s s+]s ( ! pa/ & pres5t4 ,my fri5d 
is an au?ority ^: op9ion ,i greatly     
respect4 ,he is n only a s+] himself b  
is rapidly becom+ a s++ ma/] ( r5[n4    
,aft] we _h conf]r$ = a long "t1 my     
fri5d summ$ x all up ) ! rem>k3  ,y "k  
:o1 9 my op9ion1 is ! greate/1 ! dean ( 
!m all1 a pa/ ma/] ( ! art (            
song--,victor ,maurel4  ,did ,i n "k6 ,9
 times gone by _h we n discuss$ by ! h\r
 e phase ( ,maurel's ma/]y ( voice &    
action8 ,did we n toge!r li/5 to t voice
 & wat* ) brea?less int]e/ 8 inve/iture 
( ,don ,giovanni1 9 ! gold5 days :5     
,lilli ,lehmann & ! ,de ,reszkes took ! 
o!r p>ts4 ,0 !re ev] a m elegant c\rtly 
,don1 a great] ,fal/aff1 a m intrigu+   
,iago8  ,9 ^? y\?ful days1 my fri5d's   
greate/ ambition 0 to be able to s+ &   
act l ,maurel4 ,to ?is end he labor$    
unceas+ly4 ,second only to ?is aim 0    
ano!r--to "k ! great b>itone p]sonally1 
to become 8 fri5d1 to discuss ! f9e/    

issues ( art ) him1 to consult him & h !
 b5efit ( 8 exp]i5ce4 ,! consummation ( 
?is desire has be5 delay$ = ye>s1 b x is
 "o ( ! all ?+s :i* w surely come to him
 :o waits4 ,maurel is n[ once m on      
,am]ican soil1 & d\btless int5ds rema9+ 
= a consid]able p]iod4 ,my fri5d is also
 e/abli%$ 9 ! metropolis4 ,! two h met1 
n only once b _m times--inde$ !y h      
become fa/ fri5ds4  ,i w take y to him1 
promis$ fri5d ,jacque1--kn[+ my desire  
to meet ! gr& old man2 b don't ask = too
 _m ( 8 op9ions ab\t s+]s1 z he does n  
c>e to be quot$4  ,late "o aft]noon we  
arriv$ at 8 resid5ce4 ,at ! mom5t he 0 9
 8 music room1 :]e1 = ! la/ h\r he _h   
be5 s++ ,fal/aff6 ,if we c\ld only h be5
 hidd5 away 9 "s quiet corn] to li/56   
,he came runn+ d[n ! /airway ) almo/ !  
agility ( a boy1 com+ to meet u ) simple
 dignity & c\rtesy4 ,aft] ! fir/ greet+s
 7 ov] we begg$ p]mission to exam9e ! _m
 pa9t+s :i* met ! eye ev]y:]e4 ,!re 0 a 
l>ge panel fac+ u1 repres5t+ a tall     
transp>5t vase1 hold+ a c>eless bun* (  

summ] fl[]s1 v arti/ically h&l$4 ,ne> x 
hung an out-(-door sket*1 a g>d5 pa?    
lead+ into ! gre54 ,o!r bits ( l&scape  
/ill-life & portraits made up !         
collection4 ,!y _h all be5 pa9t$ by !   
same arti/--none o!r ?an ,maurel        
himself4 ,z we exam9$ ! fl[] panel1 he  
came & /ood by u4  ,pa9t+ is a great    
art1 he said2 an art :i* requires pr(\nd
 /udy4 ,i h be5 a close /ud5t ( ?is art 
= _m ye>s & love x m & m4  ,m4 ,maurel  
aims n[ to express himself ?r\gh ! art (
 color & =m1 z he has always done ?r\gh 
voice & ge/ure1 rem>k$ my fri5d4  ,art  
is ! highe/ means ( expression1 w5t on !
 ma/]1 :e!r ?r\gh music1 pa9t+1         
sculpture1 ar*itecture or ! !at]4 ,!    
ef=t to express myself ?r\gh ano!r      
art-m$ium1 pa9t+1 has long be5 a joy to 
me4 ,i h /udi$ ) no tea*] b myself1 b ,i
 h le>n$ f all ! great ma/]s2 !y h      
taught me ev]y?+4  ,he !n l$ ! way to 8 
music room on ! floor above4 ,"h 7 m    
pa9t+s1 _m r>e pieces ( furniture & 8   
piano4 ,a f9e portrait ( ,v]di1 ) an    

affectionate autograph1 /ood on a table2
 "o ( ,ambroise ,?omas1 likewise        
inscrib$1 hung ne>4 ,a s]i\s man1 almo/ 
au/]e1 said ,maurel1 reg>d+ ! portrait (
 ,v]di ?\ghtfully1 b "o ( ! greate/     
ma/]s ( all "t4  ,pray+ u to be seat$1  
he plac$ himself on an ottoman be=e u4  
,! talk easily drift$ into ! subject ( !
 mod]n op]atic /age1 & mod]n op]as ( !  
,italian s*ool1 9 :i* "o is s (t5 tempt$
 to %\t r ?an s+4 ,! h]o ( ,moz>t's ,don
 ,giovanni1 :o c\ld s+ 8 music z p]haps 
no "o else has ev] done1 w\ld n be      
likely to h mu* pati5ce ) ! mod]n /yle (
 explosive vocal utt]ance4  ,h[ d y     
pres]ve y\r voice & y\r rep]toire8 ,i   
que/ion$4  ,m4 ,maurel gaz$ be=e him    
?\ghtfully4  ,x is entirely ?r\gh ! m9d 
t ,i keep bo?4 ,i "k s exactly h[ to    
produce tone qualities1 t if ,i recall  
^? s5sations :i* accompany tone         
production1 ,i c induce !m at w4 ,h[ d  
we make tones1 s+ an aria1 imp]sonate a 
rle8 ,is n all done ) ! m9d1 ) ?\ght8 ,i
 mu/ ?9k ! tone be=e ,i produce x--be=e 

,i s+ x2 ,i mu/ m5tally visualize ! "* &
 det]m9e h[ ,i w repres5t x1 be=e ,i    
attempt x4 ,i mu/ id5tify myself ) ! "* 
,i am to portray be=e ,i c make x live4 
,does n !n all come f ?9k+--f ?\ght8    
,aga93 ,i c ?9k out ! "* & make a m5tal 
picture ( x = myself1 b h[ %all ,i      
project x = o!rs to see8 ,i h to conv9ce
 myself fir/ t ,i am t "*--,i mu/       
id5tify myself ) x2 !n ,i mu/ conv9ce ^?
 :o he> me t ,i am really t "*4 ,maurel 
rose & mov$ to ! c5t] ( ! room4  ,i am  
to repres5t "s "*--,amonasro1 let u say4
 ,i mu/ pres5t ! captive ,k+1 b\nd )    
*a9s & br\ght be=e 8 captors4 ,i mu/    
feel ) him1 if ,i am really go+ to      
repres5t him4 ,i mu/ believe myself b\nd
 & a prison]2 !n ,i mu/1 ?r\gh pose &   
action1 ?r\gh expression ( face1 ge/ure1
 voice1 ev]y?+--,i mu/ make ?is "* real 
to ! audi5ce4  ,& z we look$1 he assum$ 
! pose ( ! man 9 *a9s1 8 h&s seem$ ti$1 
8 body b5t1 8 expression "o 9 :i* ang] &
 rev5ge m+l$2 9 effect1 he 0 = ! mom5t  
,amonasro4  ,i h only made y see my     

m5tal concept ( ,amonasro4 ,if ,i h once
 ?or\ghly work$ out a conception1 made x
 my own1 !n x is m9e4 ,i c create x at  
any mom5t4 ,if ,i feel well & /rong ,i c
 s+ ! "p n[ 9 ! same way z ,i h always  
sung x1 because my ?\ght is ! same &    
?\ght produces4 ,:e!r ,i h a little m   
voice1 or less voice1 :at does x matt]8 
,i c nev] lose my conception ( a "*1 = x
 is 9 my m9d1 & m9d projects x4 ,s !re  
is no reason to lose ! voice1 = t also  
is 9 m9d & c be ?\ght out at w4         
,suppose ,i h an opposite "* to         
portray1--! elegant ,don ,giovanni1 =   
example2 & draw+ himself up & wrapp+ an 
imag9>y cloak ab\t him1 ) ! old         
well-rememb]$ c\rtly ge/ure1 8 face &   
mann] 7 in/antly trans=m$ at ! ?\ght ( 8
 favorite "*4 ,he turn$ & smil$ on u1 8 
/rong features light$1 & 8 :ole         
appe>ance express$ ! embodim5t (        
,moz>t's h]o4  ,y see ,i mu/ h liv$1 s  
to say1 9 ^! *>act]s & made !m my own1  
or ,i c\ld n recall !m at a mom5t's     
notice4 ,all imp]sonation1 to be        

arti/ic1 to be vital1 mu/ be a "p ( "o's
 self2 "o mu/ get into ! "*4 ,:5 ,i s+  
,iago ,i am no long] myself--,i am ano!r
 p]son altoge!r2 self is q =gott52 ,i am
 ,iago1 = ! "t be+4  ,9 ,p>is1 at !     
,sorbonne1 ,i gave a s]ies ( lectures2 !
 fir/ 0 on ?is v subject1 !             
id5tification ( "o's self ) ! "* to be  
portray$4 ,! l>ge audi5ce ( ab\t fifte5 
hundr$1 conta9$ "s ( ! mo/ fam\s among  
arti/s & m5 ( lett]s2 & ,maurel1 ) h&s  
clasp$ ab\t 8 knee1 gaz$ be=e him into  
space1 & we knew he 0 pictur+ 9 m5tal   
vision1 ! sc5e at ! ,sorbonne1 :i* he _h
 j recall$4  ,aft] a mom5t1 he resum$4  
,! s+]1 ?\gh try+ to act out ! "* he    
assumes1 mu/ n =get to s+4 ,! comb9ation
 ( f9e s++ & f9e act+ is r>e4 ,n[adays p
 ?9k if !y c act1 t atones = in>ti/ic   
s++2 !n !y yield to ! temptation to %\t1
 to make h>% tones1 simply = effect4 ,& 
! fam\s b>itone c>icatur$ "s ( ! s\nds  
he _h rec5tly he>d at an op]atic        
p]=mance ) su* gu/o1 t a memb] ( !      
h\sehold came runn+ 9 f an adjo9+ room1 

?9k+ !re mu/ h be5 an accid5t & ! ma/] (
 ! h\se 0 call+ = help4 ,he ha/ily      
assur$ h] all 0 well--no "o 0 hurt2 !n  
we all _h a he>ty laugh ov] ! little    
incid5t4  ,& n[ we begg$ to be all[$ to 
visit ! ateli]1 :]e ! v]satile arti/    
work$ out 8 pictures4 ,he prote/$ t x 0 
9 disord]1 t he w\ld n d>e to take u up1
 & s on4 ,aft] a little he yield$ to    
p]suasion1 say+1 h[ev]1 he w\ld g up    
fir/ & arrange ! room a little4 ,z soon 
z he _h left u my fri5d turn$ to me3    
,:at a rem>kable man6 ,s /rong &        
vigor\s1 9 spite ( 8 advanc$ age4 ,no   
d\bt he travels ^? /airs tw5ty times a  
day4 ,he is z al]t z a "y man2 d\btless 
he /ill has 8 voice1 z he says4 ,& :at a
 c>e] he has _h4 ,y "k he 0 a fri5d (   
,edw>d ! ,sev5?2 !y once liv$ toge!r4   
,!n he & ,v]di 7 close fri5ds2 he help$ 
coa* s+]s = ,v]di's op]as4 ,he says x 0 
a wond]ful exp]i5ce1 :5 ! compos] sat   
d[n at ! piano1 put 8 h&s on ! keys &   
%[$ ! s+]s h[ he want$ 8 music sung6    
,e>ly 9 8 c>e] ,maurel sang 9 ,v]di's   

op]a1 ,simone ,boccanegra1 :i* "o nev]  
he>s n[1 b x has a f9e b>itone "p1 & a  
c\ple ( v dramatic sc5es1 especially !  
f9al sc5e at ! close4 ,?is is ! dea?    
sc5e4 ,maurel _h sung & act$ s          
wond]fully on a c]ta9 occasion t all !  
s+]s ab\t him 7 9 te>s4 ,v]di 0 pres5t  
at ?is p]=mance & 0 deeply mov$ by      
,maurel's s++ & act+4 ,he came ^u ! /age
 :5 all 0 ov]1 & exclaim$1 9 a voice    
trembl+ ) emotion3 ',y h creat$ ! rle j 
z ,i w\ld h x2 ,i %all write an op]a    
especially = y6' ,?is he did2 x 0       
,o!llo1 & ! ,iago 0 compos$ = ,maurel4  
,9 8 lat] ye>s1 :5 he seldom left 8     
home1 ! ag$ compos] sev]al times        
express$ ! wi% t he might g to ,p>is1 j 
to he> ,maurel s+ once m4  ,x is v      
int]e/+ t he 0 l$ to speak to u z he did
 j n[1 ab\t m5tal control1 & ! "p play$ 
by m9d 9 ! s+]'s /udy1 equipm5t & c>e]4 
,x is a side ( ! "q :i* e "y s+] mu/    
s]i\sly consid]1 fir/1 la/ & always4 ,b 
"h he comes4  ,aga9 prote/+ ab\t !      
appe>ance ( 8 simple /udio1 ! ma/] l$ ! 

way up ! /airways till we rea*$ ! top ( 
! h\se1 :]e a nor?-light$ room _h be5   
turn$ into a pa9t]'s ateli]4 ,) m+l$    
feel+s we /epp$ )9 ?is mode/ d5 ( a     
great arti/1 :i* held 8 treasures4 ,^! 7
 nev] %[n to ! casual obs]v]1 nor to !  
m]ely curi\s2 !y 7 res]v$ = ! tru/$ few4
  ,! walls 7 l9$ ) sket*es2 heads1 /ill 
life1 l&scapes1 all subjects alike      
int]e/$ ! pa9t]4 ,a rugg$ bu/ ( ,v]di1  
ov] life size1 model$ 9 pla/]1 /ood 9 "o
 corn]4 ,on an easel re/$ a spirit$     
portrait ( ,maurel1 done by himself4    
,my fri5ds tell me ,i %\ld h a l>g]     
/udio1 ) bett] light2 b ,i am cont5t )  
?is1 = "h is quiet & "h ,i c be alone1  
free to commune ) myself4 ,"h ,i c /udy 
my art undi/urb$1--= ,art is my         
religion4 ,if p ask if ,i g to *ur*1 ,i 
say ,no1 b ,i wor%ip ! immortality :i*  
is )91 :i* ,i feel 9 my s\l1 !          
reflection ( ! ,almighty6  ,9 quiet mood
 a little lat] we desc5d$ ! :ite /airway
 & pass$ along ! corridors ( ?is h\se1  
:i* looks s =eign to ,am]ican eyes1 &   

has ! atmosph]e ( a ,p>is home4  ,!     
arti/ accompani$ u to ! /reet door &    
bade u f>ewell1 9 8 k9dly dignifi$      
mann]4  ,z ! door clos$ & we 7 9 !      
/reet1 my fri5d said3  ,a wond]ful man &
 a r>e arti/4 ,:]e %all we f9d 8 l      
to-day8     ,,iv  ,a ,,visit ,,to ,,mme4
 ,,lilli ,,lehmann   ,a numb] ( ye>s    
be=e ! great w>1 a p>ty ( u 7 sp5d+ a   
few weeks 9 ,b]l94 ,x 0 midsumm]2 !     
city1 fill$ z x 0 = "o ( u at lea/1 )   
de> memories ( /ud5t days1 0 9 mo/      
allur+ mood4 ,fl[]s bloom$ along e      
balcony1 v9es fe/oon$ !mselves f w9d[s &
 doorways1 z well z f _m unexpect$      
corn]s4 ,! p>ks1 l>ge & small1 :i* are !
 delight ( a great city1 7 at _! be/ &  
gre5e/--gay ) color4 ,_m pr(itable h\rs 
7 sp5t w&]+ ?r\gh ! gall]ies & museums1 
he>+ conc]ts & op]a1 & visit+ ! old     
qu>t]s ( ! city1 s picturesque & full ( 
memories4  ,two ( u1 :o 7 musicians1 7  
anxi\s to meet ! fam\s dramatic soprano1
 ,lilli ,lehmann1 :o 0 liv+ quietly 9 "o
 ( ! suburbs ( ! city4 ,notes 7 ex*ang$1

 & on a c]ta9 day we 7 bidd5 to come1   
out ( ! regul> h\rs = visitors1 by      
special exception4  ,h[ well ,i rememb] 
! drive ?r\gh ! new] resid5tial section 
( ,b]l94 ,! pa? be=e long l$ u ?r\gh    
c\ntry e/ates1 pa/ beautifully kept     
g>d5s & or*>ds4 ,our de/9ation 0 !      
little suburb ( ,gru5ewald1 itself l a  
big g>d51 ) villas ne/l+ close to ea*   
o!r1 usually set back f ! quiet1 %ad$   
/reets4 ,"s ( ! villas _h iron grat+s   
along ! pa?way1 ?r\gh :i* "o saw gay    
fl[]s & g>d5 walks1 (t5 /atu>y &        
f\nta9s4 ,o!r homes 7 seclud$ f ! /reet 
by high brick walls1 frequ5tly decorat$ 
on top by urns hold+ fl[]s & droop+     
v9es4  ,beh9d su* a picturesque b>ri]1  
we f\nd ! gateway :i* l$ to ,mme4       
,lehmann's cottage4 ,we rang & soon a   
trim maid came to undo ! iron gate4 ,!  
few /eps lead+ to ! h\se door did n face
 u z we ent]$ ! inclosure1 b l$ up f !  
side4 ,we want$ to l+] & admire ! %rubs 
& fl[]+ plants1 b ! maid ha/5$ be=e u s 
we _h to foll[4  ,f ! wide entrance hall

 doors l$ into rooms on ei!r h&4 ,we 7  
%[n into a salon on ! left1 & bidd5 to  
await ,madame's com+4  ,9 ! few mom5ts (
 re/ful quiet be=e %e ent]$1 we _h "t to
 glance ov] ?is sanctum ( a great arti/4
 ,to say x 0 fill$ ) mem5tos & objets   
d'art h>dly expresses ! s5se (          
replet5ess4 ,e squ>e foot 0 occupi$ by  
"s treasure4 ,let ! eye travel ar\nd !  
room4 ,at ! left1 z "o ent]$ ! doorway1 
/ood a f9e bu/ ( ! arti/1 *isel$ 9 pure 
:ite m>ble1 support$ on a p$e/al ( black
 m>ble4 ,!n came ?ree long1 ,fr5* w9d[s1
 op5+ into a gre5 g>d54 ,across ! f>!r  
w9d[ /ood a gr& piano1 load$ ) music4   
,at ! fur!r end ( ! room1 if memory     
s]ves1 hung a l>ge1 full l5g? portrait (
 ! arti/ h]self4 ,a writ+ desk1 lad5 )  
s\v5irs1 /ood ne>4 ,on ! opposite side a
 divan cov]$ ) ri* brocade2 m pa9t+s on 
! walls1 "o v l>ge l&scape by a         
celebrat$ ,g]man pa9t]4  ,be=e we c\ld  
note fur!r details1 ,mme4 ,lehmann /ood 
9 ! doorway1 !n came =w>d & greet$ u    
cordially4  ,h[ (t5 ,i _h se5 h]        

imp]sonate h] great rles1 bo? 9 ,g]many 
& ,am]ica4 ,!y 7 always ( "s que5ly "*4 
,c\ld x be possible ?is 0 ! fam\s       
,lehmann1 ?is simple h\sewife1 9 black  
skirt & :ite bl\se1 ) a little apron z  
badge ( home keep+4 ,b !re 0 ! /ately   
tread1 ! gr& mann]1 ! graceful movem5t4 
,:at matt]$ if ! silv] hair 7 drawn back
 sev]ely f ! face2 !re 0 ! dignity (    
expression1 classic features1 p5etrat+  
glance & mobile m\? ,i rememb]$4  ,aft] 
*att+ a %ort "t & ask+ _m que/ions ab\t 
,am]ica1 :]e h] exp]i5ces _h be5 s      
pleasant1 our talk 0 int]rupt$1 = a     
little1 by a voice trial1 :i* ,madame _h
 agre$ to give4 ,_m "y s+]s1 f ev]y:]e1 
7 anxi\s to h exp]t judgm5t on _!       
progress or atta9m5ts1 s ,lehmann 0 (t5 
appeal$ to & gave frequ5t auditions (   
?is k9d4 ,! fee 0 consid]able1 b %e nev]
 kept a p5ny ( x = h]self2 x all w5t to 
"o ( h] favorite *>ities4 ,! "y girl :o 
on ?is day pres5t$ h]self = ! ordeal 0  
an ,am]ican1 :o1 x seem$1 _h n c>ri$ h] 
/udies v f>4   ,,exam9+ ,a ,,pupil      

,mme4 ,lehmann seat$ h]self at ! piano &
 ask$ = scales & vocalizes4 ,! "y girl1 
ei!r f fright or poor tra9+1 did n make 
a v =tunate impression4 ,%e c\ld n seem 
to br+ out a s+le pure /eady tone1 mu*  
less s+ scales acceptably4  ,madame ) a 
resign$ look f9ally ask$ = a song1 :i* 0
 giv54 ,x 0 a little song ( ,franz1 ,i  
rememb]4 ,!n ,lehmann :eel$ ar\nd on !  
/ool & said to u1 9 ,g]man3  ,! girl _c 
s+--%e has little or no voice to beg9 )1
 & has n be5 rightly tra9$4 ,!n to ! "y 
girl %e said1 k9dly1 9 ,engli%3  ,my de>
 "y lady1 y h almo/ ev]y?+ to le>n ab\t 
s++1 = z yet y _c ev5 s+ "o tone        
correctly2 y _c ev5 speak correctly4    
,fir/ ( all y ne$ physical developm5t2 y
 mu/ broad5 y\r *e/ ?r\gh brea?+        
ex]cises2 y are too ?9 *e/$4 ,y mu/     
become physically /rong] if y ev] hope  
to s+ acceptably4 ,!n y mu/ /udy diction
 & languages4 ,?is is absolutely        
necess>y = ! s+]4 ,above all y mu/ "k h[
 to pron\nce & s+ 9 y\r own language4 ,s
 _m d n ?9k x necess>y to /udy _! own   

language2 !y ?9k !y "k t already2 b "o's
 "m tongue requires /udy z well z any   
o!r language4  ,! tr\ble ) ,am]ican     
girls is !y are always 9 a hurry4 ,!y   
are n cont5t to sit d[n quietly & /udy  
till !y h develop$ !mselves into some?+ 
be=e !y ev] ?9k ( com+ to ,europe4 ,!y  
?9k if !y c j come ov] "h & s+ = an     
arti/1 t fact alone w give !m pre/ige 9 
,am]ica4 ,b t gives !m q ! opposite     
reputation ov] "h4 ,am]ican girls are   
too (t5 look$ ^u z sup]ficial1 because  
!y come ov] "h q unprep>$4 ,i say to all
 ( !m1 z ,i say to y3 ,g home & /udy2   
!re are pl5ty ( good tea*]s ( voice &   
piano 9 y\r own l&4 ,!n1 :5 y c s+1 come
 ov] "h1 if y wi%2 b d n come until y   
are prep>$4  ,aft] ?is little episode1  
we cont9u$ our talk = a :ile long]4 ,!n1
 fe>+ to trespass on h] "t1 we rose to  
leave4 ,%e came to ! door ) u1 foll[$ u 
d[n ! /eps into ! front g>d51 & held !  
gate op5 = u1 :5 we f9ally left4 ,we _h 
already express$ ! hope t %e might be   
able to return to ,am]ica1 at no v      

di/ant day1 & repeat h] =m] triumphs    
!re4 ,h] f9e face light$ at ! ?\ght1 &  
h] la/ words to u 71 z %e held op5 !    
little iron wicket4 ,i h a great desire 
to g to y\r c\ntry aga92 p]haps1 9 a ye>
 or two--:o kn[s--,i may be able to d x4
  ,%e /ood !re1 a noble1 comm&+ figure1 
fram$ 9 ! gre5 ( h] g>d51 & wav$ h]     
h&k]*ief1 till our cab turn$ a corn]1 & 
%e 0 lo/ to our view4   ,,! ,,moz>t     
,,fe/ival  ,sev]al ye>s lat]1 a ye> be=e
 ! _w w> />t$1 to be exact1 we _h !     
pleasure ( meet+ ! arti/ aga91 & ?is "t1
 ( he>+ h] s+4  ,x 0 ! occasion ( !     
,moz>t ,fe/ival 9 ,salzburg4 ,x is well 
kn[n t ,lehmann1 devot$ z %e has always 
be5 to ! g5ius ( ,moz>t1 & "o ( !       
greate/ int]pret]s ( 8 music1 _h ?r[n h]
 :ole en]gy into ! f\nd+ ( a suitable   
memorial to ! ma/] 9 8 native city4 ,?is
 memorial 0 to consi/ ( a l>ge music    
s*ool1 a conc]t hall & home = op]a4 ,!  
,moz>teum 0 n yet complet$1 b a ,fe/ival
 0 held ea* ye> 9 ,salzburg1 to aid !   
project4 ,madame ,lehmann 0 always      

pres5t & sang on ^! occasions4  ,we tim$
 our visit to ,moz>t's bir?place1 s t we
 %\ld be able to att5d ! ,fe/ival1 :i*  
la/$ z usual five days4 ,! conc]ts 7    
held 9 ! ,aula ,academica1 a f9e ,saal 9
 ! old picturesque qu>t] ( ! city4  ,at 
! op5+ conc]t1 ,lehmann sang a long1    
difficult ,conc]t ,aria ( ,moz>t4 ,we   
c\ld n help wond]+1 be=e %e began1 h[ "t
 _h treat$ ?is great organ2 :e!r we %\ld
 be able to recognize ! fam\s ,lehmann  
:o _h =m]ly tak5 su* high rank z s+] &  
int]pret] 9 ,am]ica4 ,we ne$ n h fe>$ t 
! voice _h become impair$4 ,or1 if x _h 
be51 x _h become rejuv5at$ on ?is       
occasion4 ,mme4 ,lehmann sang ) all h]  
well-rememb]$ p[] & f]vor1 all h]       
exaltation ( _s1 & ( c\rse %e _h a great
 ovation at ! close4 ,%e look$ l a que5 
9 ivory sat9 & r>e old lace1 ) jewels on
 neck1 arms & 9 h] silv] hair4 ,9 !     
auditorium1 ?ree arm *airs _h be5 plac$ 
9 front ( ! plat=m4 ,! ,ar*-duke1 ,pr9ce
 ,eug51 ! royal patron ( ! ,fe/ival1    
occupi$ "o4 ,:5 ,madame ,lehmann _h     

f9i%$ h] ,aria1 %e /epp$ d[n f ! plat=m4
 ,! ,pr9ce rose at once & w5t to meet   
h]4 ,%e gave him h] h& ) a graceful     
curtesy & he l$ h] to ! arm*air next 8  
own1 :i* _h evid5tly be5 plac$ 9        
position = h] special use4  ,at ! close 
( ! conc]t we _h a brief *at ) h]4 ,!   
next day %e 0 pres5t at ! morn+ conc]t4 
,?is "t %e 0 g[n$ 9 black1 ) an erm9e   
cape ?r[n ov] h] %\ld]s4 ,! ,ar*-duke   
sat beside h] 9 ! arm *air1 z he _h done
 ! ev5+ be=e4 ,we _h a b[ & smile z %e  
pass$ d[n ! aisle4  ,we tru/ ! ,moz>teum
 9 ,salzburg1 = :i* ,mme4 ,lehmann has  
labor$ ) su* devotion1 w "o day fulfill 
its noble mission4   ,,lehmann ,,!      
,,tea*]  ,z a tea*] ( ! art ( s++       
,madame ,lehmann has long be5 a         
recogniz$ au?ority1 & _m arti/s n[      
actively be=e ! public1 h come f "u h]  
capable h&s4 ,h] book1 ,h[ to           
,s+1--r5d]$ 9 ,engli% by ,ri*>d         
,aldri*--7,macmillan7 has illum9$ ! pa?1
 = _m a s]i\s /ud5t :o seeks light on t 
/range1 wond]ful1 hidd5 in/rum5t--!     

voice4 ,madame ,lehmann1 by means ( _m  
explanations & num]\s plates1 endeavors 
to make cle> to ! "y /ud5t h[ to beg9 & 
h[ to proce$ 9 h] vocal /udies4         
,,brea?+  ,on ! important subject (     
brea?+ %e says3 ,no "o c s+ )\t prep>+ =
 x m5tally & physically4 ,x is n en\gh  
to s+ well1 "o mu/ "k h[ "o does x4 ,i  
practice _m brea?+ ex]cises )\t us+     
tone4 ,brea? becomes voice ?r\gh ef=t ( 
w & by use ( vocal organs4 ,:5 s++ emit 
! smalle/ quantity ( brea?4 ,vocal *ords
 are brea? regulators2 relieve !m ( all 
ov]work4  ,at ! />t a "y voice %\ld be  
taught to beg9 9 ! middle & "w bo?      
ways--t is1 up & d[n4 ,a tone %\ld nev] 
be =c$4 ,beg9 piano1 make a long        
cresc5do & return to piano4 ,ano!r      
ex]cise employs two connect+ half tones1
 us+ "o or two v[els4 ,dur+ practice /& 
be=e a mirror1 t "o may see :at "o is   
do+4 ,practice ab\t "o h\r daily4 ,bett]
 t am\nt ea* day ?an t5 h\rs "o day &   
none ! next4 ,! te/ w be2 d y feel re/$ 
& ready = "w ea* morn+8 ,if n y h done  

too mu* ! day be=e4   ,,regi/]s  ,9     
reg>d to regi/]s ,madame ,lehmann has   
?is to say3 ,9 ! =mation ( ! voice no   
regi/]s %\ld exi/ or be creat$4 ,z long 
z ! ^w is kept 9 use1 regi/]s w n       
disappe>4   ,,physiology  ,9 spite ( !  
fact !re are _m draw+s & plates         
illu/rat+ ! v>i\s organs ( head & ?roat 
:i* are us$ 9 s++1 ,madame ,lehmann     
says3  ,! s+] is (t5 worri$ ab\t        
que/ions ( physiology1 :]eas %e         
ne$--mu/--"k little ab\t x4   ,,!       
,,nasal ,,quality  ,! s+] mu/ h "s nasal
 quality1 o!rwise ! voice s\nds         
colorless & expressionless4 ,we mu/ s+  
t[>d ! nose3 7n necess>ily ?r\gh !      
nose74  ,= _m ills ( ! voice & tone     
production1 ,i use long1 sl[ scales4 ,!y
 are an infallible cure4   ,,use ,,( ,,!
 ,,lips  ,! lips play a l>ge "p 9       
produc+ v>iety ( tone quality4 ,ea*     
v[el1 e ^w c be color$1 z by magic1 by  
well controll$ play ( ! lips4 ,:5 lips  
are /iff & unresponsive1 ! s++ is       
colorless4 ,lips are f9al resonators1   

?r\gh :i* tones mu/ pass1 & lip movem5ts
 c be v>i$ 9 e conceivable mann]4       
,,p[] ,,& ,,velocity  ,%e humor\sly     
writes3 ,s+]s )\t p[] & velocity are l  
horses )\t tails4 ,= velocity1 practice 
figures ( five1 six1 sev5 & eight notes1
 fir/ sl[ly1 !n fa/] & fa/]1 up & d[n4  
,v  ,,amelita ,,galli-,,curci           
,,self-,,tea*+ ,,! ,,great ,,ess5tial   
,no s+] c rise to any di/9ction )\t !   
sev]e/ k9d ( self-discipl9e & h>d "w4   
,?is is ! te/imony ( all ! great        
vocali/s ( our "t--( any "t4 ,?is is !  
message !y s5d back f ! m\nta9 top (    
victory to ! y\ng] ones :o are /riv+ to 
acquire ! ma/]y !y h a*iev$4 ,"w1 "w &  
aga9--"w6 ,& if y h ga9$ ev5 a slight   
foo?old on ! hill ( fame1 !n "w to keep 
y\r place4 ,above all1 be n satisfi$ )  
y\r pres5t progress1--/rive = m         
p]fection4 ,!re are heights y h n       
ga9$--high] up6 ,!re are joys = y--high]
 up1 if y w b labor to rea* !m4         
,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,de ,/relecki1  
,n4,y4 ,,amelita ,,galli-,,curci        

,p]haps !re is no s+] :o m ?or\ghly     
believes 9 ! gospel ( "w1 & surely n "o 
:o m consi/5tly practices :at %e        
prea*es1 ?an ,amelita ,galli-,curci4 ,%e
 kn[s ! value ( "w1 & %e loves x = its  
own sake4 ,!re is no long cessation =   
h]1 dur+ summ] mon?s1 to re/ h] voice4  
,!re is no half-day seclusion aft] a    
p]=mance1 to recov] f ! fatigue ( s++ a 
rle ! night be=e4 ,no1 = h] ?is ev5t    
does n spell exhau/ion b happ9ess1      
exhil>ation4 ,x is a pleasure to s+     
because x is n we>isome--x is a "p (    
h]self4 ,& %e enjoys ! do+6 ,?us x      
happ5s t ! morn+ aft] a p]=mance1 %e is 
up & abroad betimes1 ready to att5d     
p]sonally to ! _m calls ^u h] "t &      
att5tion4 ,%e c use h] speak+ voice )\t 
fe>1 because %e has nev] done any?+ to  
/ra9 x2 %e is usually /rong & well1     
buoyant & bright4 ,^? s(t1 d>k eyes are 
wells ( intellig5t ?9k+2 ! m\? smiles   
engag+ly z %e speaks2 ! slight figure is
 full ( life & en]gy4 ,yet !re is a deep
 s5se ( calm 9 h] pres5ce4 ,a brave1    

bright _s2 a great1 wond]ful arti/6  ,^!
 ?\ghts fa9tly glimpse my fir/          
impression ( ,mme4 ,galli-,curci1 z %e  
ent]$ h] big1 sunny p>lor1 :]e ,i 0     
wait+ to see h]4 ,h] delicate1 oval face
 0 agl[ ) ! flu% ( heal?ful ex]cise1 =  
%e _h j come 9 f a %opp+ exp$ition & !  
w9try air 0 ke54 ,i love to g %opp+1 %e 
expla9$1 s ,i always d x myself4  ,%e   
bade me sit beside h] on a com=table    
divan1 & at once began to speak ( ! ?+s 
,i mo/ wi%$ to he>4  ,i am (t5 ask$1 %e 
began1 to describe h[ ,i create ?is or t
 effect1 h[ ,i produce su* & su* tones1 
h[ ,i make ! voice float to ! f>!/      
corn]1 & s on4 ,i answ]1 t is my secret4
 ,9 reality x is no secret at all1 at   
lea/ n to any "o :o has solv$ ! problem4
 ,any "o possess+ a voice & intellig5ce1
 c acquire ^! ?+s1 :o kn[s h[ to g to "w
 to get !m4 ,b if "o has no notion ( !  
process1 no am\nt ( m]e talk+ w make x  
pla94 ,s++ an op]a rle seems su* an easy
 ?+ f ! o!r side ( ! footlights4 ,p seem
 to ?9k1 if y only "k h[ to s+1 x is    

p]fectly natural & easy = y to          
imp]sonate a great lyric rle4 ,& ! m    
ma/]y y h1 ! easi] !y ?9k x is to d x4  
,! real tru? ( ! matt] is t x requires  
ye>s & ye>s ( /udy--con/ant /udy1 to    
le>n h[ to s+1 be=e attempt+ a big "p 9 
op]a4  ,!re are s _m organs ( ! body t  
are conc]n$ 9 ! process ( brea?+ & tone 
production2 & mo/ ( ^! organs mu/ be1 if
 n always1 yet mu* ( ! "t1 relax$ & 9 an
 easy pliable condition :5 y s+4 ,!re is
 ! diaphragm--!n ! ?roat1 l>ynx1 !      
lungs1 nose1 lips--all ( !m help to make
 ! tone4 ,p]haps ,i might say ! l>ynx is
 ! mo/ important factor ( all4 ,if y c  
manage t1 y h ! secret4 ,b no human be+ 
c tell y exactly h[ to d x4 ,"s s+]s    
be=e ! public to-day h no notion ( h[ to
 manage ?is portion ( _! anatomy4 ,o!rs 
may d s occasionally1 b x may only be by
 accid5t4 ,!y sometimes /umble ^u !     
pr9ciple1 b n und]/&+ h[ !y did s1 !y _c
 reproduce ! desir$ effects at w4 ,! s+]
 :o und]/&s h] bus9ess mu/ "k j h[ %e   
produces tones & vocal effects4 ,%e c !n

 d !m at all times1 "u adv]se           
circum/ances1 ev5 :5 n]v\s1 or n 9 !    
mood1 or indispos$4   ,,self-,,/udy  ,h[
 did ,i le>n to "k ^! ?+s8 ,by con/ant  
/udy1 by con/ant li/5+--= ,i h v ke5    
e>s--by le>n+ ! s5sations produc$ 9     
?roat & l>ynx :5 ,i made tones t 7      
correctly plac$1 7 pleas+ & at ! same "t
 made ! effects ,i 0 seek+4  ,milan is  
my home city--beautiful ,milano "u !    
blue ,italian skies1 ! blue/ 9 ! _w4 ,z 
a "y girl1 ! daught] ( well-to-d p>5ts1 
,i /udi$ piano at ! ,royal ,cons]vatory 
!re1 & also musical !ory & c\nt]po9t4 ,i
 %all ev] be grateful ,i />t$ 9 ?is way1
 ) a ?or\gh musical f\ndation1 = x has  
always be5 ( great advantage to me 9    
fur!r /udy4 ,:5 my fa!r met ) rev]ses1  
,i made good use ( my piani/ic tra9+ by 
giv+ piano lessons & mak+ a v fair      
income = a "y girl4  ,b ,i long$ to s+6 
,is x n ! bir?right ( e ,italian to h a 
voice8 ,i began to realize ,i _h a voice
 :i* might be cultivat$4 ,i _h always   
sung a little--e "o does2 song is !     

natural1 spontane\s expression ( our p4 
,b ,i wi%$ to d m--to express myself 9  
song4 ,s ,i began to tea* myself by s++ 
scales & vocalizes betwe5 my piano      
lessons4 ,mean:ile ,i /udi$ all ! books 
on s++ ,i c\ld lay h&s on1 & !n tri$ to 
put ! pr9ciples ,i le>n$ 9 ?is way 9    
practice4 ,9 try+ to d ?is ,i _h to f9d 
out ev]y?+ = myself4 ,& t is :y ,i "k   
!m6 ,i "k exactly :at ,i am ab\t :5 ,i  
s+1 ,i "k :at muscles are be+ us$1 & 9  
:at condition !y ought to be2 :at p>ts (
 ! anatomy are call$ into action & :y4  
,nature has giv5 me two great gifts1 a  
voice & good heal?2 = bo? ^! gifts ,i am
 deeply grateful4 ,! fir/ ,i h develop$ 
?r\gh ardu\s toil2 ! second ,i endeavor 
to pres]ve ?r\gh c>eful liv+1 regul>    
h\rs & pl5ty ( ex]cise 9 ! fre% air4 ,i 
h develop$ ! voice & tra9$ x 9 ! way t  
seem$ to me be/ = x4 ,!re are z _m k9ds 
( voices z !re are p]sons2 x seems to me
 ea* voice %\ld be treat$ 9 ! way be/   
suit$ to its possessor4 ,h[ c any o!r   
p]son tell y h[ t %\ld be done8 ,& ! s+]

 gave me a bright look1 & made a pretty 
deprecat+ ge/ure4 ,y y\rself mu/ h !    
intellig5ce to und]/& y\r own case &    
le>n h[ to treat x4   ,,nev] ,,/ra9 ,,! 
,,voice  ,a s+] :o w\ld keep h] voice 9 
! be/ condition1 %\ld con/antly &       
reasonably ex]cise x4 ,i always d a half
 h\r or s ( ex]cises1 vocalizes & scales
 e morn+2 ^! are nev] neglect$4 ,b ,i   
nev] d any?+ to /ra9 ! voice 9 any way4 
,we are told _m fallacies by vocal      
tea*]s4 ,"o is t ! diaphragm mu/ be held
 firmly 9 ord] to give support to !     
tone4 ,x seems to me ?is is a s]i\s     
mi/ake4 ,i keep ! diaphragm relax$4 ,?us
 tone production1 9 my case1 is made at 
all times ) ease2 !re is nev] any /ra94 
,y ask if x is n v fatigu+ to s+ aga9/ a
 l>ge or*e/ra1 z we h to1 & ) a         
temp]am5tal conductor1 l ,m>9uzzi1 =    
in/ance1 ,i d n f9d x s2 !re is a pure1 
cle> tone1 :i* by its quality1 placem5t 
& ease ( production1 w c>ry f>!r ?an m]e
 p[] ev] c4 ,x c be he>d above a great  
or*e/ra1 & x gets ov]4   ,,use ,,( ,,!  

,,v[els  ,"y s+]s ask me :at v[els to   
use 9 vocal practice4 ,9 my own /udy ,i 
use !m all4 ,( c\rse "s are m valuable  
?an o!rs4 ,! ,o is good1 ! ,e ne$s great
 c>e2 ! ,ah is ! mo/ difficult ( all4 ,i
 am aw>e ?is is contr>y to ! g5]al idea4
 ,b ,i ma9ta9 t ! ,ah is mo/ difficult2 
= if y ov]do x & ! lips are too wide    
ap>t1 ! result is a :ite tone4 ,& on !  
o!r h&1 if ! lips are ne>]--or too ne>  
toge!r1 or are n manag$ rightly1        
/iffness or a ?roaty quality is apt to  
result2 !n ! tone _c 'float4' ,i h f\nd 
! be/ way is to use ! mix$ v[els1 "o    
melt+ into ! o!r4 ,! tone c be />t$ )   
ea* v[el 9 turn1 & !n m+l$ ) ! re/ ( !  
v[els4 ,d y "k1 ! fea!r$ song/] ,i love 
be/--! night+ale--uses ! mix$ v[els too4
 ,ah1 h[ mu* ,i h le>n$ f him & f o!r   
birds also6 ,"s ( !m h h>% tones--real  
quacks--because !y op5 _! bills too f>1 
or 9 a special way4 ,b ! night+ale has  
su* a lovely d>k tone1 a 'cov]$ tone1'  
:i* goes to ! he>t4 ,x has ! mo/        
exquisite quality 9 ! _w4 ,i h le>n$ mu*

 f ! birds1 ab\t :at n to d & :at to d4 
,,memoriz+  ,9 tak+ up a new rle ,i beg9
 ) ! /ory1 ! libretto1 s ,i may fir/    
le>n :at x is ab\t1 its mean+ &         
psy*ology4 ,i take x to b$ ) me1 or h x 
by me if ly+ d[n1 because ,i und]/&     
musical composition & c get a cle> idea 
( ! compos]'s mean+ )\t go+ to !        
in/rum5t4 ,aft] a %ort "t ,i beg9 to "w 
x out at ! piano1 9 detail1 words &     
music toge!r4 ,= a great rle l !        
,somnambula or ,traviata1 ,i mu/ sp5d   
?ree or f\r ye>s1 p]haps m1 9           
prep>ation1 be=e br++ x to public       
p]=mance4 ,x takes a long "t to ma/]    
?or\ghly an op]atic rle1 to "w x out f  
all sides1 ! s++1 ! act+1 !             
*>act]ization4 ,to ! lay m9d1 if y c s+1
 y c easily act a "p & also memorize x4 
,!y little "k ! labor :i* mu/ be be/[$  
on t same rle be=e x c be pres5t$ 9 su* 
a %ape z to be adequate1 9 a way t w get
 x across4 ,x does n g 9 a few weeks or 
ev5 mon?s2 x is ! "w ( ye>s4 ,& ev5 !n x
 is nev] really f9i%$1 = x c always be  

improv$ ) m /udy1 ) m c>e & ?\ght4   ,,!
 ,,necessity ,,= ,,languages  ,we he>   
mu* ab\t ne$ = /udy ( languages by !    
s+]1 & inde$ too mu* /ress _c be plac$  
on ?is bran* ( ! "w4 ,i realize t 9     
,am]ica x is p]haps m difficult to      
impress p ) ?is necessity1 z !y h n !   
same ne$ to use o!r languages 9 e day   
life4 ,! s+] c always be consid]$       
=tunate :o has be5 br\ght up f e>lie/   
ye>s to m ?an "o language4 ,my "m 0     
,spani%1 my fa!r ,italian1 s ?is gave me
 bo? languages at home4 ,!n 9 s*ool ,i  
le>n$ ,fr5*1 ,g]man & ,engli%1 n only a 
little smatt]+ ( ea*1 b h[ to write &   
speak !m4  ,y c]ta9ly h ma/]$ ,engli%   
rem>kably well1 ,i c\ld n help rem>k+1 =
 %e 0 speak+ ) great flu5cy1 & ) h>dly  
any acc5t4 ,?is seem$ to please h]1 = %e
 gave me "o ( ^? fla%+ smiles4          
,,coloratura ,,& ,,dramatic  ,w\ld y be 
pleas$1 ,i ask$1 if lat] on y\r voice   
%\ld develop into a dramatic soprano8   
,mme4 ,galli-,curci ?\ght an in/ant4    
,no1 %e said1 ,i ?9k ,i w\ld r keep !   

voice ,i h4 ,i he>tily admire ! dramatic
 voice & ! rles x c s+4 ,raisa's voice  
is = me ! mo/ beautiful ,i "k4 ,b aft]  
all ,i ?9k1 = myself1 ,i pref] ! lyric &
 coloratura p>ts1 !y are s beautiful4 ,!
 old ,italian compos]s knew well h[ to  
write = ! voice4 ,_! music has beauty1 x
 has melody1 & melodic beauty w always  
make its appeal4 ,& ! old] ,italian     
music is built up n only ( melody &     
fioriture1 b is also dramatic4 ,= ^!    
qualities c comb9e1 & d s 9 ! la/ act ( 
,traviata1 :i* is s full ( deep feel+ & 
pa?os4   ,,brea? ,,control  ,p]haps1 9  
,vocal ,ma/]y1 ! greate/ factor ( all is
 ! brea?+4 ,to control ! brea? is :at   
ea* /ud5t is /riv+ to le>n1 :at e s+]   
endeavors to p]fect1 :at e arti/ %\ld   
ma/]4 ,x is an almo/ endless /udy & an  
individual "o1 because ea* organism &   
m5tality is diff]5t4 ,"h1 z 9 ev]y?+    
else1 p]fect ease & naturalness are to  
be ma9ta9$1 if ! div9e song :i* is !    
s+]'s concept ( beauty1 is to be 'float$
 on ! brea?1' & its m]e/ :isp] he>d to !

 f>!/ corn] ( ! gall]y4   ,,! ,,matt]   
,,9 ,a ,,nut%ell  ,to sum up !n1 ! ?ree 
requirem5ts ( vocal ma/]y are3 a1       
,managem5t ( ! ,l>ynx2 b1 ,relaxation ( 
! ,diaphragm2 c1 ,control ( ! ,brea?4   
,to ^! might be add$ a f\r?2 ,mix$      
,v[els4  ,b :5 all ^! are ma/]$1 :at !n8
 ,ah1 s mu* m x c nev] be put into      
words4 ,x is self-expression ?r\gh !    
m$ium ( tone1 = tone mu/ always be a    
vital "p ( ! s+]'s individuality1 color$
 by feel+ & emotion4 ,tone is ! outlet1 
! expression ( all "o has felt1 suff]$ &
 enjoy$4 ,to p]fect "o's own in/rum5t1  
"o's m$ium ( expression1 mu/ always be !
 s+]'s joy & satisfaction4  ,& y w      
surely re/ :5 ! ardu\s season is ov]8   
,yes1 ,i w re/ :5 ! summ] comes1 & w    
return to ,italy ?is ye>4 ,b ev5 ?\gh ,i
 seem to re/1 ,i nev] neglect my vocal  
practice2 t duty & pleasure is always   
p]=m$4  ,& ) a *>m+ smile & clasp ( !   
h&1 %e said adieu4      ,,vi  ,,giuseppe
 ,,de ,,luca  ,,ceaseless ,,ef=t        
,,necess>y ,,= ,,arti/ic ,,p]fection    

,a ,roman ( ,rome is :at ,mr4 ,giuseppe 
,de ,luca has be5 nam$4 ,! v words      
!mselves call up all k9ds ( en*ant+     
pictures4 ,sunny ,italy is ! natural    
home ( beautiful voices3 !y are h]      
bir?right4 ,h] blue sky1 fl[]s & olive  
trees--h] old palaces1 ho>y ) age &     
romantic /ory1 h] f\nta9s & m>bles1 h]  
wond]ful treasures ( art1 set h] 9 a _w 
ap>t1 9 ! popul> m9d4 ,ev]y?+ com+ f    
,italy has ! "r to be romantic &        
arti/ic4 ,if x happ5s to be a voice1 x  
%\ld ( necessity be beautiful 9 quality1
 ri*1 smoo?1 & well tra9$4              
,illu/ration3 ,to ,mrs4 ,h>riette ,br[] 
cordially ,giuseppe ,de ,luca  ,:ile all
 s+]s :o come f ! sunny l& _c boa/ all  
^! qualifications1 ,mr4 ,de ,luca1      
b>itone ( ! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se1  
,new ,york1 c d s4 ,gift$ ) a naturally 
f9e organ1 he has cultivat$ x ardu\sly &
 to excell5t purpose4 ,he began to /udy 
9 e>ly y\?1 became a /ud5t ( ,sa9t      
,cecilia 9 ,rome :5 fifte5 ye>s ( age1 &
 made 8 db at ab\t tw5ty4 ,he has sung 9

 op]a ev] s9ce4  ,9 #aiae1--,novemb]    
#be? to be exact--,de ,luca came to !   
,metropolitan1 & won in/ant recognition 
f critics & public alike4 ,x is said (  
him t he e>n$ ?is success by e>ne/ &    
intellig5t "w4 ,pa9/ak+ to a degree1 !re
 is no detail ( 8 art t he neglects or  
slights--s t "o hesitates to decide :e!r
 he is great] z a s+] or z an actor4    
,p]haps1 h[ev]1 8 mo/ important quality 
is 8 ma/]y ( bel canto--pure s++--t art 
:i* seems to become con/antly r>] on !  
op]atic & conc]t /age4  ,de ,luca does  
su* beautiful1 f9i%$ "w2 e detail is    
c>efully ?\ght out until x is z p]fect z
 c be4 ,s rem>k$ a memb] ( !            
,metropolitan1 & a fell[ arti/4  ,^? :o 
h li/5$ to ! ,roman b>itone 9 ! v>i\s   
rles he has assum$1 h enjoy$ 8 f9e      
voice1 8 true bel canto /yle1 & 8       
v]satile dramatic skill4 ,he has nev]   
disappo9t$ 8 public1 & m ?an ?is1 is ev]
 ready to /ep into ! brea* %\ld         
necessity arise4  ,a man :o has at lea/ 
a hundr$ & tw5ty op]as at 8 tongue's    

end1 :o has be5 s++ 9 ! greate/ op]a    
h\ses ( ! _w = m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 w      
surely h mu* to tell :i* c help ^? :o   
are f>!r d[n ! l9e4 ,if he is will+ to d
 s1 c speak ! v]nacul>1 & c sp>e a brief
 h\r f ! ru% ( con/ant /udy & engagem5t1
 a conf]5ce w be possible4 ,x 0         
possible1 = "t 0 made = x4   ,,!        
,,musical ,,gift  ,mr4 ,de ,luca1 :o    
speaks ! ,engli% language rem>kably     
well1 greet$ ! writ] ) easy c\rtesy4 ,8 
g5ial mann] makes "o feel at home       
imm$iately4 ,al?\gh he _h j come f !    
,op]a ,h\se1 :]e he _h sung an important
 rle1 he seem$ z fre% & re/$ z ?\gh no?+
 _h happ5$4  ,i ?9k ! ability to act1 & 
also1 9 a measure1 to s+1 is a gift1    
began ! arti/4 ,i rememb]1 ev5 z a      
little *ild1 ,i 0 always act+ out 9     
pantomime or mimicry :at ,i _h se5 &    
felt4 ,if ,i 0 tak5 to ! !at]1 ,i w\ld  
come home1 place a *air = audi5ce1 & act
 out ! :ole /ory ,i _h j se5 be=e x4 ,f 
my y\nge/ ye>s ,i always want$ to s+ &  
act4   ,a ,,rem>kable ,,tea*]  ,z e>ly z

 ,i c\ld1 at ab\t ! age ( fifte51 ,i    
began to /udy s++1 ) a mo/ excell5t     
tea*]2 :o 0 none o!r ?an ,signor        
,w5ceslao ,p]sis*9i1 :o is n[ no long]  
liv+4 ,he tra9$ no few] ?an sev5ty-f\r  
arti/s1 ( :i* ,i 0 ! la/4 ,batte/9i1 t  
wond]ful s+]1 ^: voice to-day1 at ! age 
( sixty-five1 is z rem>kable z ev]1 is  
"o ( 8 pupils4 ,we "k t if a vocal tea*]
 s+s himself1 & has faults1 8 pupils are
 b\nd to copy ^? faults in/9ctively &   
unconsci\sly4 ,) ,p]sis*9i ?is c\ld n be
 ! case2 =1 ow+ to "s ?roat tr\ble1 he 0
 n able to s+ at all4 ,he c\ld only     
:isp] ! tones he want$1 accompany+ !m ) 
signs & facial grimaces4 ,& ,mr4 ,de    
,luca illu/rat$ ^! po9ts 9 mo/ amus+    
fa%ion4 ,!n he cont9u$3  ,b he _h un]r+ 
judgm5t1 toge!r ) ! f9e/ e>4 ,he knew   
p]fectly h[ ! tone %\ld be sung & !     
/ud5t 0 oblig$ to d x exactly "r & mu/  
keep at x till x 0 "r4 ,he w\ld let no?+
 faulty pass )\t correction4 ,i also _h 
lessons 9 act+ f ,madame ,m>9i1 a v good
 tea*] ( ! art4   ,,! ,,arti/ ,,life    

,aft] five ye>s ( h>d /udy ,i made my db
 at ,piac5za1 z ,val5t9e1 9 ,fau/1      
,novemb] #f?1 #ahig4 ,!n1 y may rememb]1
 ,i came to ! ,metropolitan 9 ! season (
 #aiae-aiaf1 :]e ,i h be5 s++ cont9ually
 ev] s9ce4  ,! arti/ %\ld h good heal?1 
t he may be always able to s+4 ,he owes 
?is to 8 public1 to be always ready1    
nev] to disappo9t4 ,i ?9k ,i h nev]     
disappo9t$ an audi5ce & h always be5 9  
good voice4 ,x seems to me :5 "o is no  
long] able to d "o's be/ x is "t to /op 
s++4  ,x is because y /udy con/antly &  
sy/ematically t y are always 9 good     
voice4  ,yes1 ,i am always at "w4 ,i    
rise at eight 9 ! morn+1 n lat]4        
,vocalizes are nev] neglect$4 ,i (t5 s+ 
!m z ,i take my ba?4 ,"s s+]s d n see ! 
necessity ( do+ ex]cises e day2 ,i am n 
"o ( ^?4 ,i always s+ my scales1 fir/ ) 
full p[]1 !n tak+ ea* tone s(tly1 swell+
 to full /r5g?1 !n dy+ away--9 mezza    
voce4 ,i use _m o!r ex]cises            
also--employ+ full p[]4 ,engli% is also 
"o ( ! daily /udies1 ) lessons ?ree     

times a week4   ,,con/antly ,,on ,,!    
,,wat*  ,:5 s++ a rle1 ,i am always     
li/5+--wat*+--to be consci\s ( j :at ,i 
am do+4 ,i am always criticiz+ myself4  
,if a tone or a phrase does n s\nd q    
correct to me z to placem5t1 or         
production1 ,i try to correct ! fault at
 once4 ,i c tell j h[ ,i am s++ a tone  
or phrase by ! feel+ & s5sation4 ,(     
c\rse ,i _c he> ! full effect2 no s+]   
ev] c actually he> ! effect ( 8 "w1     
except on ! records4 ,!re he c le>n1 = !
 fir/ "t1 j h[ 8 voice s\nds4   ,,le>n+ 
,a ,,new ,r,,le  ,h[ d ,i beg9 a new "p8
 ,i fir/ read ov] ! words & try to get a
 g5]al idea ( _! mean+1 & h[ ,i w\ld    
express ! ideas4 ,i try ov] ! arias &   
get an idea ( ^?4 ,!n comes ! real "w--!
 memoriz+ & work+ out ! conception4 ,i  
fir/ commit ! words1 & "k !m s well ,i c
 write !m out4 ,next ,i jo9 !m to !     
music4 ,s f> ,i h work$ by myself4 ,aft]
 ?is mu* has be5 done1 ,i call 9 !      
accompani/1 z ,i d n play ! piano v     
well2 t is to say1 my "r h& w g b ! left

 lags beh9d6   ,,always ,,be+ ,,sure ,,(
 ,,! ,,words  ,yes1 z y say1 x requires 
con/ant /udy to keep ! v>i\s rles 9     
review1 especially at ! ,metropolitan1  
:]e ! op]as are *ang$ f day to day4 ,(  
c\rse at p]=mance ! prompt] is always   
!re to give ! cue--yet ! words mu/      
always be 9 m9d4 ,i h nev] yet =gott5 a 
^w or phrase4 ,on "o occasion--x 0 9 !  
,damnation ( ,fau/1 a "p ,i _h already  
sung a numb] ( times--,i ?\ght ( a ^w t 
0 com+1 & seem$ utt]ly unable to rememb]
 x4 ,i grew q cold ) fe>--,i am incl9$  
to be a little n]v\s anyway--b x 0 q    
impossible to ?9k ( ! ^w4 ,luckily at ! 
mom5t :5 ,i ne$$ ! ^w ,i 0 s fe>ful     
ab\t1 x sudd5ly came to me4   ,,natural 
,,anxiety  ,( c\rse !re is always       
anxiety = ! arti/ ) e public appe>ance4 
,!re is s mu* responsibility--"o mu/    
always be at "o's be/2 & !              
responsibility increases z "o advances1 
& beg9s to realize m & m ke5ly h[ mu* is
 expect$ & :at dep5ds on "o's ef=ts4 ,i 
c assure y we all feel ?is1 f ! lea/ to 

! greate/4 ,! mo/ fam\s s+]s p]haps     
suff] mo/ ke5ly4  ,i h always sung 9    
,italian op]a1 9 :i* ! language is easy 
= me4 ,latt]ly ,i h add$ ,fr5* op]as to 
my li/4 ,samson & ,delilah1 :i* ,i _h   
always done 9 ,italian1 ,i _h to rele>n 
9 ,fr5*2 ?is = me 0 v difficult4 ,i     
work$ a long "t on x1 b ma/]$ x at la/4 
,?is is my tw5ty-second season 9 op]a4  
,i h a rep]toire ( ab\t "o hundr$ &     
tw5ty rles1 9 mo/ ( :i* ,i h sung _m    
times 9 ,italy4 ,"s ,i wi% might be     
br\ght out at ! ,metropolitan4 ,v]di's  
,don ,c>los1 = in/ance1 has a beautiful 
b>itone "p2 x is really "o ( ! f9e      
op]as1 ?\gh x might be consid]$ a bit   
old-fa%ion$ to-day4 ,/ill ,i ?9k x w\ld 
be a success "h4 ,i am prep>+ sev]al new
 p>ts = ?is season2 "o ( !m is !        
,ts*aik[sky "w--,eug5e ,oneg94 ,s y see 
,i am con/antly at "w4  ,my favorite    
op]as8 ,i ?9k !y are ^!2 & ,mr4 ,de     
,luca ha/ily jott$ d[n ! foll[+3 ,don   
,c>los1 ,don ,giovanni1 ,hamlet1        
,rigoletto1 ,b>bi]1 ,damnation ( ,fau/1 

& la/1 b n lea/1 ,tannhaus]4   ,,gr[?   
,,( ,,musical ,,appreciation ,,9        
,,am]ica  ,ask$ if he consid]$          
appreciation = music _h advanc$ dur+ 8  
resid5ce 9 ,am]ica1 8 answ] 0           
emphatically 9 ! affirmative4  ,! o!r   
ev5+ ,i att5d$ a reception (            
repres5tative ,am]ican society1 among   
:om 7 _m frequ5t]s ( ! ,metropolitan4   
,_m ( !m spoke to me ( ! op]a ,m>\f4 ,i 
0 surpris$1 = ?is mod]n ,fr5* op]a      
belongs to ! new idiom1 & is difficult  
to und]/&4 ',d y really l ! music (     
,m>\f8' ,i ask$4 ',oh1 yes inde$1' e "o 
said4 ,x is "o ( my longe/ p>ts1 b n "o 
( my special favorites4  ,9 ! summ]6    
,ah1 ,i g back to my belov$ ,italy almo/
 z soon z ! ,metropolitan season closes4
 ,i c\ld s+ 9 ,bu5os ,aires1 z ! season 
!re foll[s ! "o "h4 ,b ,i pref] to re/ !
 :ole "t until ,i return4 ,i feel ! s+] 
ne$s a p]iod ( re/ ea* ye>4 ,to %[ y h[ 
necess>y x is = ! s+] to d daily "w on !
 voice1 ,i almo/ feel ,i _c s+ at all   
dur+ ! summ]1 z ,i d no practic+1 & )\t 

vocalizes "o _c keep 9 trim4 ,if ,i am  
ask$ to s+ dur+ vacation1 ,i g5]ally    
refuse4 ,i tell !m ,i _c s+1 = ,i d n   
practice4 ,x takes me a little :ile aft]
 ,i return1 to get ! vocal app>atus 9   
%ape aga94  ,?us x means con/ant /udy1  
et]nal vigilance to atta9 ! goal1 !n to 
hold :at y h atta9$ & advance beyond x  
if possible4     ,,vii  ,,luisa         
,,tetrazz9i  ,,! ,,coloratura ,,voice   
,luisa ,tetrazz9i has be5 call$ !       
greate/ expon5t ( coloratura s++ t we h 
at ! pres5t "t4 ,h] ph5om5al successes 9
 v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! globe1 :]e %e has be5 
he>d 9 bo? op]a & conc]t1 are well kn[n1
 & =m pages ( musical hi/ory1 full (    
int]e/4 ,?is rem>kable voice1 (         
exquisite quality & developm5t1 is ano!r
 pro( t we h z beautiful voices to-day1 
if we w b realize ! fact1 z 7 ev] kn[n  
or he>d ( 9 ! days ( fam\s ,italian     
song/]s4  ,illu/ration3 ,,l\isa         
,,tetrazz9i  ,portraits (t5 belie !     
arti/1 by acc5tuat+1 unduly1 "s         
individuality ( face or figure1 &       

,tetrazz9i is no exception4 ,f h]       
pictures "o w\ld expect to f9d "o ( !   
imp]i\s1 dom9at+ ord] ( prima donnas ( !
 old s*ool4 ,:5 ,i met ! diva1 ,i 0 at  
once /ruck by ! simplicity ( h]         
appe>ance & attire4 ,!re 0 no?+ pomp\s  
ab\t h]2 %e did n c>ry h]self ) ! air ( 
"o consci\s ( possess+ some?+ admir$ &  
s\ght aft] by all ! _w1 some?+ :i* set  
h] on a high p$e/al ap>t f o!r s+]s4 ,n 
at all4 ,i saw a little lady ( plump1   
com=table figure1 a face :i* beam$ )    
k9dl9ess & good humor1 a m\? wrea!d )   
smiles4 ,h] mann] & spee* 7 equally     
simple & cordial1 s t ! visitor 0 put at
 ease at once1 & felt %e _h kn[n ! great
 s+] = ye>s4  ,be=e ! conf]5ce c\ld beg9
 a pretty episode happ5$1 :i* %[$ !     
human side ( ! s+]'s "*1 & gave a       
glimpse into h] e day life4 ,mme4       
,tetrazz9i 0 a little late = h]         
appo9tm5t1 z %e _h be5 out on a %opp+   
exp$ition1 an occupation :i* %e greatly 
enjoys4 ,await+ h] return 0 a gr\p (    
photograph]s1 :o _h arrang$ _! app>atus1

 mirrors & fla%-light scre51 ev5 to !   
piano /ool on :i* ! s+] 0 to be plac$4  
,%e took 9 ! situation at a glance1 z %e
 ent]$1 & ob$i5tly gave h]self into !   
h&s ( ! picture mak]s4  ,ah1 y wi% to   
make me beautiful1 %e exclaim$1 ) h]    
pretty acc5t2 ,i am n beautiful1 b y may
 try to make me look s4 ,) pati5ce %e   
assum$ ! requir$ poses1 put h] head on  
?is side or t1 drew h] furs clos] ab\t  
h] or all[$ !m to fall away f ! :ite    
?roat1 ) its s+le /r+ ( pe>ls4 ,!       
onlook] sugge/$ %e be snapp$ ) a little 
black ,pom1 :o _h f\nd 8 way into ! room
 & 0 n[ an int]e/$ spectator1 on 8      
vantage gr\nd1 a big s(a4 ,s little ,joy
 0 ga!r$ up & held 9 affectionate1      
mo!rly arms1 close aga9/ 8 mi/ress'     
face4 ,x 0 all v human & natural1 & gave
 ano!r side to ! s+]'s "* f ! side %e   
%[s to ! public4  ,at la/ ! ordeal 0    
ov]1 & ,madame 0 free to leave h] po/ & 
sit 9 "o ( ! arm *airs1 :]e %e c\ld be a
 little m com=table4 ,! secret>y 0 also 
ne>1 to be appeal$ to :5 %e c\ld n make 

h]self intelligible 9 ,engli%4 ,my      
,engli% is v bad1 %e prote/$2 ,i h n !  
"t n[ to le>n x prop]ly2 t is :y ,i     
speak x s v bad4 ,9 ! summ]1 or next    
ye>1 ,i w really le>n x4 ,n[1 :at is x  
,i c tell y8 ,i am ready4   ,,= ,,!     
,d,,butante  ,to ask su* a natural born 
s+] h[ %e /udies & works1 is l ask+ !   
fi% swimm+ ab\t 9 ! ocean1 to tell y :]e
 is ! sea6 ,%e c\ld n tell y h[ %e does 
x4 ,s++ is z ! brea? ( life to          
,tetrazz9i--z natural z ! air %e brea!s4
 ,realiz+ ?is1 ,i began at ! o!r end4   
,:at message h y1 ,madame1 = ! "y s+]1  
:o desires to make a c>e]8  ,ah1 yes1 ! 
dbutante4 ,tell h] %e mu/ practice      
mu*--v mu*-- & ,madame spread out h] h&s
 to indicate x 0 a l>ge subject2 %e mu/ 
practice sev]al h\rs e day4 ,i _h to    
practice v mu* :5 ,i began my /udy--:5  
,i 0 sixte52 b n[ ,i d n h to sp5d mu*  
"t on scales & ex]cises2 !y pretty well 
g ( !mselves2 & %e smil$ sweetly4  ,y   
say1 %e cont9u$1 ! dbutante--! "y       
s+]--does n "k--9 ,am]ica--h[ mu* %e    

ne$s ! =eign languages4 ,b %e %\ld le>n 
!m4 ,%e %\ld /udy ,fr5*1 ,italian &     
,spani%1 & "k h[ to speak !m4 ,because1 
if %e %\ld travel to ^? c\ntries1 %e mu/
 make h]self und]/ood1 & %e mu/ be able 
to s+ 9 ^? languages1 too4  ,besides !  
languages1 x is v good = h] to /udy     
piano also2 %e ne$ n "k x s well z if %e
 w\ld be a piani/1 b %e %\ld "k x a     
little2 yet x is bett] to "k m ( !      
piano--x w make h] a bett] musician4    
,,! ,,coloratura ,,voice  ,y love !     
coloratura music1 d y n1 ,madame8  ,ah1 
yes1 ,i love ! coloratura1--x suits me2 
,i h always /udi$ = t--,i "k all ! old  
,italian op]as4 ,= ! coloratura music y 
mu/ make ! voice s\nd high & sweet--l a 
bird--s++ & so>+4 ,y ?9k my voice s\nds 
some?+ l ,patti's8 ,maybe4 ,%e said s   
h]self4 ,ah1 ,patti 0 my de> fri5d--my v
 de> fri5d--,i lov$ h] de>ly4 ,%e only  
sang ! coloratura music1 ?\gh %e lov$   
,wagn] & dramatic music4 ,n long be=e %e
 di$ %e said to me3 ',luisa1 always keep
 to ! coloratura music1 & ! beautiful   

bel canto s++2 d no?+ to /ra9 y\r voice2
 pres]ve its velvety quality4' ,patti's 
voice w5t to ,c %>p1 9 lat] ye>s2 m9e   
has sev]al tones high]4 ,9 ! great aria 
9 ,lucia1 %e us$ to sub/itute a trill at
 ! end in/ead ( ! top notes2 b %e said  
to me--',luisa1 y c s+ ! high notes6'   
,!n ! brea?+1 ,madame1 :at w\ld y say ( 
t8  ,ah1 ! brea?+1 t is v important     
inde$4 ,y mu/ brea! f "h1 y "k--:at y   
call x--f ! diaphragm1 & f bo? sides2 x 
is l a bell[s1 go+ 9 & out1 & %e t\*$ ! 
portions ref]r$ to4 ,"o does n s+ f !   
*e/1--t w\ld make que]1 h>% tones4 ,%e  
sang a few tones j to %[ h[ h>% !y w\ld 
be4  ,y h %[n su* wond]ful brea? control
 9 ! way y su/a9 high tones1 beg9n+ !m  
s(tly1 swell+ !n dim9i%+ !m4  ,ah1 yes1 
! coloratura voice mu/ always be able to
 d ^? ?+s1 0 ! answ]4  ,%\ld y ev] c>e  
to become a dramatic s+]8 %e 0 ask$4    
,tetrazz9i grew ?\ghtful2 ,no1 ,i d n   
?9k s1 %e said1 aft] a pause2 ,i love my
 coloratura music1 & ,i ?9k my audi5ce  
likes x too2 x goes to ! he>t--x is all 

melody1 & t is :at p l4 ,i s+ lyric     
music also--,i am fond ( t4  ,yes1 & y  
s+ songs 9 ,engli%1 ) su* good diction1 
t we c all und]/& y--almo/ e ^w4        
,madame beam$4  ,i promise y ,i w le>n  
,engli% bett] next ye>2 = ,i %all come  
back to my fri5ds 9 ,am]ica next autumn4
 ,i %all be 9 ,italy 9 ! summ]4 ,i h two
 homes ov] !re1 "o 9 ,italy & "o 9      
,switz]l&4  ,d ,i pref] to s+ 9 op]a or 
conc]t1 y ask8 ,i believe ,i l conc]t   
mu* bett]1 = _m reasons4 ,i get ne>] to 
! audi5ce2 ,i am fre]--mu* fre]1 & c be 
myself & n "s o!r p]son4 ,!re is no     
*ange ( co/ume1 ei!r2 ,i we> "o g[n1 s x
 is easi]2 yes1 ,i l x mu* m4  ,9       
travel+ ov] y\r big c\ntry--y see ,i h j
 be5 out to ,cali=nia & back--,i f9d y\r
 p h advanc$ s v mu* 9 appreciation (   
music2 y "k s mu* m ?an :5 ,i 0 "h be=e2
 t 0 inde$ a long "t ago--ab\t twelve   
ye>s1-- & ,madame made a pretty little  
ge/ure4  ,b 9 "o way y\r great big      
c\ntry has sc>cely advanc$ any if at    
all2 y h n advanc$ 9 provid+ op]a = y\r 

music lov]s4 ,y ne$ p]man5t op]a        
companies 9 all ! l>g] cities4 ,! op]a  
companies ( ,new ,york & ,*icago are    
f9e1 oh yes1--b !y _c give op]a to !    
:ole c\ntry4 ,!re are a few travel+     
companies too1 :i* are good4 ,b :at are 
!y 9 y\r big c\ntry8 ,y %\ld h op]a /ock
 companies all ov]1 :i* w\ld give op]a =
 ! p4 ,!n y\r f9e ,am]ican girls w\ld h 
! *ance to ga9 op]atic exp]i5ce 9 _! own
 c\ntry1 :i* !y _c get n[4 ,t is :y !   
=eign s+] has su* a *ance "h1 & t is :y 
! native s+] c h>dly get a *ance4 ,all !
 ,am]ican girls' eyes turn ) long+ to ! 
,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se2 & ) ! be/    
int5tions 9 ! _w ! ,director c only     
engage a small numb] ( ^? he w\ld l to  
h1 because he has no room = !m4 ,he c n 
help x4 ,s ,i say1 t :ile y\r p h gr[n s
 mu* 9 ! lik+ & 9 ! und]/&+ ( music1 y d
 n gr[ on ?is side1 because y\r "y s+]s 
are oblig$ to travel to a =eign l& to   
get ! practice 9 op]a !y are unable to  
get at home4 ,y ne$ to d m = ! p]man5t  
e/abli%+ ( op]a 9 ! l>ge & small cities 

( y\r c\ntry4  ,madame did n express h] 
?\ghts q z consecutively z ,i h set !m  
d[n1 b ,i am sure %e w approve1 z ^! are
 h] ideas ( ! musical situation 9 ?is   
c\ntry4  ,z ,i li/5$ to ! words ( ?is   
second ,patti1 z %e is call$1 & le>n$ ( 
h] k9dly de$s1 ,i 0 z mu* impress$ by h]
 k9dness ( he>t z ,i _h be5 by h]       
beautiful art ( song4 ,%e does mu* to   
relieve pov]ty & suff]+ :]ev] %e f9ds x4
 ,z a result ( h] vocal ma/]y1 %e has   
be5 able to f\nd a hospital 9 ,italy =  
victims ( tub]culosis1 :i* accommodates 
betwe5 ?ree & f\r hundr$ pati5ts4 ,!    
:ole in/itution is ma9ta9$ f h] own     
private income4 ,dur+ ! w> %e g5]\sly   
gave ( h] "t & art to s+ = ! soldi]s &  
aid$ ! cause ( ! ,allies & ! ,r$ ,cross 
:5ev] possible4 ,= h] labors ( love 9   
?is direction1 %e has ! di/9ction ( be+ 
decorat$ by a special gold m$al ( honor1
 by bo? ! ,fr5* & ,italian ,gov]nm5ts2 a
 di/9ction only conf]r$ on two o!rs     
beside h]self4  ,aft] our conf]5ce1 ,i  
?ank$ h] = giv+ me an h\r f h] cr[d$    

day4 ,%e took my h& & press$ x w>mly 9  
bo? h]s4  ,please d n q =get me1        
,madame4  ,inde$ n1 w y =get me8  ,no1  
,i %all always rememb] ?is delightful   
h\r4  ,!n1 y see1 ,i _c =get y6 & %e    
gave my h& a p>t+ squeeze4     ,,viii   
,,antonio ,,scotti  ,,tra9+ ,,am]ican   
,,s+]s ,,= ,,op]a   ,a s+] ( f9i%$ art &
 ripe exp]i5ce is ,antonio ,scotti4 ,8  
op]atic c>e] has be5 ri* 9 developm5t1 &
 he /&s to-day at ! top ( ! ladd]1 z "o 
( ! mo/ admir$ dramatic b>itones ( our  
"t4  ,"o ( ,naples' sons1 he made a fir/
 appe>ance on ! /age at ,malta1 9 #ahhi4
 ,successful engagem5ts 9 ,milan1 ,rome1
 ,madrid1 ,russia & ,bu5os ,aires       
foll[$4 ,9 #ahii he came to ,london1 s++
 ,don ,giovanni at ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,a few 
mon?s !reaft]1 he came to ,new ,york &  
began 8 fir/ season at ! ,metropolitan4 
,8 vocal & hi/rionic gifts won in/ant   
recognition "h & = ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s he  
has be5 "o ( ! mo/ dep5dable arti/s (   
ea* regul> season4   ,,*>act]ization    
,illu/ration3 h&writt5 note ,to ,miss   

,h>riette ,br[] ,cordially ,a ,scotti   
,new ,york #aibj  ,) all 8 v>i$         
end[m5ts1 x seldom or nev] falls to !   
lot ( a b>itone to imp]sonate ! lov]2 on
 ! contr>y x seems to be 8 mti] to      
portray ! villa94 ,scotti has be5 =c$ to
 hide 8 true p]sonality beh9d ! mask ( a
 ,sc>pia1 a ,tonio1 an ,iago1 & la/ b n 
lea/1 ! mo/ repulsive yet subtle ( all 8
 villa9s--,*im-,fang1 9 ,l',oracolo4    
,p]haps ! mo/ fam\s ( !m all is ,sc>pia4
 ,b :at a ,sc>pia1 ! qu9tess5ce ( !     
poli%$1 elegant knave6 ,! ref9em5t (    
,mr4 ,scotti's art gives to ea* rle     
di/9ct *>act]i/ics :i* sep>ate x f all !
 o!rs4   ,,opportunity ,,= ,,! ,,am]ican
 ,,s+]  ,mr4 ,scotti has done & is do+  
mu* = ! "y ,am]ican s+]1 by n only      
drill+ ! inexp]i5c$ ones1 b also by giv+
 !m opportunity to appe> 9 op]a on t\r4 
,to beg9 ?is ent]prise1 ! great b>itone 
turn$ impres>io1 engag$ a company ( "y  
s+]s1 mo/ ( !m ,am]icans1 &1 :5 8 season
 at ! ,metropolitan 0 at an end1 took   
?is company1 at 8 own exp5se1 on a s\!rn

 trip1 giv+ op]a 9 _m cities4  ,discuss+
 8 v5ture on "o occasion1 ,mr4 ,scotti  
said3  ,x 0 an exp]im5t 9 sev]al ways4  
,fir/1 ,i _h an all-,am]ican company1   
:i* 0 inde$ an exp]im5t4 ,i _h "s f9e   
arti/s 9 ! pr9cipal rles1 ) less] kn[n  
ones 9 small] p>ts4 ,) ^! ,i work$      
p]sonally1 tea*+ !m h[ to act1 ?us      
prep>+ !m = fur!r c>e] 9 ! field ( op]a4
 ,i l to "w ) ! y\ng] & less exp]i5c$   
ones1 = x gives me real pleasure to wat*
 h[ !y improve1 :5 !y h ! opportunity4  
,( c\rse ,i am oblig$ to *oose my       
mat]ial c>efully1 = _m m apply = places 
?an ,i c ev] accept4   ,,italian ,,op]a 
,,9 ,,am]ica  ,s closely is ,italy      
id5tifi$ ) all t p]ta9s to op]a1 he     
cont9u$1 t ! "q ( ! future ( ,italian   
op]a 9 ,am]ica int]e/s me imm5sely4 ,x  
has be5 my privilege to devote "s ( !   
be/ ye>s ( my life to s++ 9 ,italian    
op]a 9 ?is wond]ful c\ntry ( y\rs4 ,"o  
is cont9ually impress$ ) ! great advance
 ,am]ica has made & is mak+ along all   
musical l9es4 ,x is m>vel\s1 ?\gh y :o  

live "h may n be awake to ! fact4       
,musicians 9 ,europe & o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 
:o h nev] be5 "h1 c =m no conception ( !
 musical activities "h4  ,x is v        
gratify+ to me1 z an ,italian1 to       
realize t ! op]atic compositions ( my   
c\ntry mu/ play an important "p 9 !     
future ( ,am]ican musical art4 ,x seems 
to me !re is m intr9sic value--m v>iety 
9 ! works ( mod]n ,italian compos]s ?an 
9 ^? ( o!r nations4 ,we "k ! op]as (    
,moz>t are l>gely f\nd$ on ,italian     
models4  ,( ! great mod]n ,italian      
compos]s1 ,i feel t ,pucc9i is ! mo/    
important1 because he has a m intimate  
appreciation ( !atrical values4 ,he     
seems to "k j :at k9d ( music w fit a   
s]ies ( words or a sc5e1 :i* w be/ br+  
out ! dramatic s5se4 ,montemezzi is also
 v great 9 ?is respect4 ,?is 9 no way   
detracts f :at ,mascagni1 ,leoncavallo &
 o!rs h accompli%$4 ,x is only my       
p]sonal e/imate ( ,pucc9i z a compos]4  
,! two mo/ popul> op]as to-day are ,ada 
& ,madame ,butt]fly1 & !y w always draw 

l>ge audi5ces1 al?\gh ,am]ican p are    
prone to att5d ! op]a = ! purpose ( he>+
 "s p>ticul> s+] & n = ! sake ( ! "w ( !
 compos]4 ,9 o!r c\ntries ?is is n s (t5
 ! case4 ,we mu/ hope ?is condition w be
 ov]come 9 due "t1 = ! reason t x n[ (t5
 happ5s t good p]=mances are miss$ by ! 
public :o are only attract$ :5 "s mu*   
h]ald$ celebrity s+s4   ,,am]ican       
,,compos]s  ,ask$ = 8 views reg>d+      
,am]ican op]atic compos]s1 ,mr4 ,scotti 
said3  ,am]ican compos]s (t5 spoil _!   
*ances ( success by select+ un9t]e/+ &  
un9spir$ /ories1 :i* ei!r describe "s   
doleful hi/oric incid5t or illu/rate "s 
,indian leg5d1 9 :i* no "o ( to-day is  
int]e/$1 & :i* is s f> remov$ f actual  
life t x becomes at once artificial1    
academic & prepo/]\s4 ,pucc9i sp5ds ye>s
 se>*+ = suitable librettos1 z great    
compos]s h always done4 ,:5 he f9ds a   
/ory t is wor?y he turns x into an op]a4
 ,b he w wait till he discov]s ! "r k9d 
( a plot4 ,no wond] he has success4 ,9  
writ+ mod]n music dramas1 z all "y      

,am]icans endeavor to d1 !y w nev] be   
successful unless !y are c>eful to pick 
out really dramatic /ories to set to    
music4   ,,op]atic ,,tra9+  ,on a c]ta9 
occasion ,i _h an opportunity to conf] )
 ?is popul> b>itone1 & le>n m 9 reg>d to
 8 exp]i5ces z impres>io4 ,?is meet+ 0  
held 9 ! little back (fice ( !          
,metropolitan1 a t9y spot1 :i* %\ld     
be--& d\btless is--de> to e memb] ( !   
company4 ,^? f\r walls1 if !y w\ld      
speak1 c\ld tell _m int]e/+ /ories (    
s+]s & musicians1 fam$ 9 ! _w ( art &   
lett]s1 :o daily pass ?r\gh its doors1  
or sit *att+ on its worn lea!r-cov]$    
b5*es1 ex*ang+ views on ?is p]=mance or 
t1 or on ! desirability or difficulty ( 
c]ta9 rles4 ,ev5 :ile we 7 9 e>ne/      
conf]5ce1 ,director ,gatti-,casazza     
pass$ ?r\gh ! room1 /opp+ long en\gh to 
say a pleasant ^w & (f] a clasp ( ! h&4 
,mr4 ,gu>d1 too1 flitt$ by 9 ha/e1 b _h 
"t to give a fri5dly greet+4  ,mr4      
,scotti 0 9 g5ial mood & spoke )        
en?usiasm ( 8 activities ) a favorite   

project--8 own op]a company4 ,to ! "q z 
to :e!r he f\nd "y ,am]ican s+]s 9 too  
great ha/e to come be=e ! public1 be=e  
!y 7 suffici5tly prep>$1 ?us prov+ !y 7 
sup]ficial 9 _! /udies1 he repli$3  ,no1
 ,i d n f9d ?is to be ! case4 ,z a g5]al
 rule1 "y ,am]ican s+]s h a good        
f\ndation to build ^u4 ,!y h good voices
 to />t )2 !y are eag] to le>n & !y /udy
 c>efully4 ,:at !y lack mo/--^? :o g 9 =
 op]a ,i mean--is /age r\t9e & a k (    
act+4 ,?is1 z ,i h said be=e1 ,i try to 
give !m4 ,i d n give lessons 9 s++ to ^!
 "y aspirants1 z ,i might 9 ?is way ga9 
! enmity ( vocal tea*]s2 b ,i help !    
untri$ s+]s to act _! p>ts4 ,( c\rse all
 dep5ds on ! m5tality--h[ long a process
 ( tra9+ ! s+] ne$s4 ,! coloratura      
requires m "t to p]fect ?is mann] ( s++ 
?an o!rs ne$2 b "s are mu* quick] at x  
?an o!rs4  ,x is well ,i am bless$ )    
good heal?1 z my task is extremely      
ardu\s4 ,:5 on t\r1 ,i s+ e night1      
besides con/antly rehe>s+ my company4   
,we are n9ety 9 all1 includ+ our        

or*e/ra4 ,x is inde$ a great und]tak+4  
,i d n d x = money1 = ,i make no?+      
p]sonally out ( x1 & y c imag9e h[ heavy
 ! exp5ses are2 f\r ?\s& doll>s a week1 
m]ely = transportation4 ,b ,i d x = !   
sake ( art1 & to spread ! love ( mod]n  
,italian op]a ov] ?is great1 wond]ful   
c\ntry1 ! greate/ c\ntry = music t exi/s
 to-day4 ,& ! plan succe$s f> beyond my 
hopes2 = :]e we gave "o p]=mance 9 a    
place1 we n[1 on our second visit1 c    
give ?ree--f\r4 ,next ye> we %all g to  
,cali=nia4  ,s we are do+ our "p1 bo? to
 aid ! "y s+] :o sorely ne$s exp]i5ce & 
to educate ! masses & g5]al public to   
love :at is be/ 9 mod]n ,italian op]a6  
,,ix  ,,rosa ,,raisa  ,,pati5ce ,,&     
,,p]sev]ance ,,w9 ,,results   ,to !     
pres5t day op]a go]s ! "n ( ,rosa ,raisa
 /&s = a compell+ =ce4 ,9 :atev] rle %e 
appe>s1 %e is always a comm&+ figure1   
bo? physically1 dramatically &          
musically4 ,h] feel+ = dramatic climax1 
! int5sity ) :i* %e projects ea* "*     
assum$1 ! s9c]ity & self =getfulness (  

h] naturali/ic int]pretation1 make e rle
 notable4 ,h] voice is a ri*1 p[]ful    
soprano1 vibrantly sweet :5 at its      
s(te/--l a ru%+ torr5t ( passion 9      
int5se mom5ts4 ,at su* mom5ts ! li/5] is
 impress$ ) ! belief t p[] & dep? ( tone
 are limitless2 t ! s+] c nev] come to !
 end ( h] res\rces1 no matt] h[ deeply  
%e may draw on !m4 ,!re are su* mom5ts (
 tragic int5sity1 9 h] imp]sonation ( ! 
h]o9e 9 ,jewels ( ! ,madonna1 9 ,si/]   
,angelica1 9 ,norma1 z ! av5g+ prie/ess1
 9 :i* rle %e has rec5tly creat$ su* a  
rem>kable impression4  ,illu/ration3    
,rosa ,raisa   ,a ,,prima ,,donna ,,at  
,,home  ,if "o has pictur$ to "o's self 
t because ! ,russian prima donna c %[   
h]self a :irlw9d ( dynamic passion on ! 
/age1 !re=e %e mu/ %[ "s ( ^! qualities 
9 private life1 "o w\ld quickly become  
disabus$ ( su* an impression :5 face to 
face ) ! arti/4 ,"o w\ld !n meet a      
sl5d]1 graceful "y woman1 ( g5tle       
pres5ce & ) ! simple/ mann]s 9 ! _w4 ,! 
d>k1 liquid eyes look at "o ) frankness 

& s9c]ity2 ! wide1 l[ br[1 f :i* ! d>k  
hair is s(tly drawn away1 is ! br[ ( a  
madonna4 ,9 repose ! features might     
easily belong to "o ( ,raphael's sa9ts4 
,h[ev]1 !y light up g5ially :5 _! own]  
speaks4  ,mme4 ,raisa /ood 9 ! doorway (
 h] ,new ,york ap>tm5t1 ready to greet u
 z we 7 %[n ! way to h]4 ,h] figure1    
clad 9 close-fitt+ black velvet1 look$  
especially sl5d]2 h] mann] 0 k9d &      
graci\s1 & we 7 soon seat$ 9 h] l>ge1   
com=table salon1 deep 9 conf]5ce4 ,be=e 
we _h really begun1 ! s+]'s pet dog came
 b\nd+ to greet u f ano!r room4 ,! t9y  
creature1 a ,mexican t]ri]1 0 mo/       
affectionate1 yet v g5tle )al1 & cont5t 
to quietly cuddle d[n & li/5 to !       
conv]sation4  ,i w speak some:at s(tly1 
began ,mme4 ,raisa1 s9ce speak+ seems to
 tire me mu* m ?an s++1 = :at reason ,i 
d n "k4 ,we s+]s mu/ ?9k a little ( our 
physical well be+1 y see4 ,?is means    
keep+ regul> h\rs1 liv+ v simply & tak+ 
a mod]ate am\nt ( ex]cise4  ,yes1 ,i    
always lov$ to s+2 ev5 z a little *ild  

,i 0 con/antly s++4 ,& s ,i began to h  
s++ lessons :5 ,i 0 eight ye>s old4     
,lat] on ,i w5t to ,italy & liv$ !re = a
 numb] ( ye>s1 until ,i began to travel4
 ,i n[ make my home 9 ,naples4 ,my tea*]
 !re 0 ,madame ,m>*esio1 :o 0 a         
rem>kable s+]1 musician & tea*]--all    
?ree4 ,ev5 :5 %e rea*$ ! advanc$ age (  
eighty1 %e c\ld /ill s+ wond]fully well4
 ,%e _h ! real bel canto1 und]/ood !    
voice1 h[ to use x & ! be/ way to       
pres]ve x4 ,i owe s mu* to h] c>eful1   
arti/ic tra9+2 almo/ ev]y?+1 ,i may say4
   ,,! ,,s+]',s ,,life  ,"o _c expect to
 succe$ 9 ! pr(ession ( music )\t giv+  
"o's be/ "t & ?\ght to ! "w ( vocal     
tra9+ & all ! o!r subjects t g ) x4 ,a  
man 9 bus9ess gives 8 day1 or ! mo/ ( x1
 to 8 (fice4 ,my "t is devot$ to my art1
 & inde$ ,i h n any too mu* "t to /udy  
all ! necess>y sides ( x4  ,dur+ !      
season1 ,i d regul> vocal practice ea*  
day & keep ! v>i\s rles 9 review4 ,dur+ 
! summ] ,i /udy new p>ts1 = !n ,i h ! "t
 & ! quiet4 ,t is :at ! s+] ne$s--quiet4

 ,i always return to ,naples = !        
vacation1 unless ,i g to ,s\? ,am]ica & 
s+ !re4 ,!n ,i mu/ h a little re/ too1 t
 ,i may be ready = ! labors ( ! foll[+  
season4   ,,vocal ,,tra9+  ,ev5 dur+ !  
busie/ days te*nic practice is nev]     
neglect$4 ,vocalizes1 scales1           
t]zetta--:at y call !m--brok5 ?irds1    
yes1 & long1 sl[ tones 9 mezza di voce1 
t is1 beg9n+ s(tly1 swell+ to l\d !n    
gradually dim9i%+ to s(t1 are "p ( !    
daily rgime4 ,"o _c omit ^! ?+s if "o   
w\ld always keep 9 condition & read9ess4
 ,:5 at "w 9 daily /udy1 ,i s+ s(tly1 or
 ) m$ium tone quality2 ,i d n use full  
voice except occasionally1 :5 ,i am go+ 
?r\gh a "p & wi% to try out c]ta9       
effects4   ,,"o ,,voice  ,i 0 tra9$ fir/
 z a coloratura & taught to d all ! old 
,italian op]as ( ,bell9i1 ,ros9i1       
,donizetti & ! re/ ( ! florid ,italian  
s*ool4 ,?is gives ! s+] a ?or\gh1 solid 
tra9+--! sort ( tra9+ t requires eight  
or t5 ye>s to accompli%4 ,b ?is is n too
 mu* "t to give1 if "o wi%es to be      

?or\ghly prep>$ to s+ all /yles ( music4
 ,9 =m] days1 :5 s+]s realiz$ !         
necessity ( be+ prep>$ 9 ?is way1 !re   
exi/$ ,i might say--"o voice2 = !       
soprano voice 0 tra9$ to s+ bo? florid &
 dramatic music4 ,b 9 ^! days sopranos  
are divid$ into ,high1 ,lyric1          
,coloratura & ,dramatic2 s+]s *oose :i* 
( ^! l9es seems to suit be/ _! voice &  
temp]am5t4   ,,coloratura ,,& ,,dramatic
  ,x is ( advantage to ! s+] to be tra9$
 9 bo? ^! arts4 ,9 ! small] op]a h\ses (
 ,italy1 a soprano1 if ?us tra9$1 c s+  
,lucia "o night & ,norma ! next2        
,traviata "o night & ,trovatore ! next4 
,mod]n ,italian op]a calls = ! dramatic 
soprano4 ,%e mu/ be an actress j z well 
z a s+]4 ,%e mu/ be able to express 9   
bo? voice & ge/ure int5se passion &     
emotion4 ,x is ! p]iod ( /orm & /ress4  
,coloratura voices h n s mu* opportunity
 at ! pres5t "t1 unless !y are q out ( !
 ord9>y4 ,& yet1 = me1 a s+] :o has     
ma/]y ( ! beautiful art ( bel canto1 is 
a great joy4 ,galli-,curci's art is !   

highe/ ,i "k (4 ,= me %e is ! greate/   
s+]4 ,melba also is wond]ful4 ,i h he>d 
h] (t5--%e has be5 v k9d to me4 ,:5 ,i  
he> h] s+ an old ,italian air1 ) ^?     
pure1 bell-l tones ( h]s1 ,i am lift$ f>
 up2 ,i feel myself above ! sky4   ,,d  
,,n ,,yield ,,to ,,disc\ragem5t  ,!     
y\ng] s+] ne$ n yield to disc\ragem5t1 =
 %e mu/ "k f ! />t1 t ! ma/]y ( a great 
art l s++ is a long & ardu\s task4 ,if !
 "w seems too difficult at times1 d n   
give up or say ',i _c4' ,if ,i _h done  
t1 ,i %\ld h really giv5 up _m times4   
,in/ead ,i say2 ',i c d x1 & n only ,i c
 b ,i w6'   ,,musician%ip  ,!re are s _m
 sides to ! s+]'s equipm5t1 besides s++ 
itself2 & ,mme4 ,raisa lift$ d>k eyes & 
spread out h] graceful h&s z ?\gh to    
indicate ! bigness ( ! subject4 ,yes1   
!re is ! piano1 = in/ance2 ! s+] is mu* 
h&icapp$ )\t a k ( t in/rum5t1 = x n    
only provides accompanim5t b cultivates 
! musical s5se4 ,( c\rse ,i h le>n$ !   
piano & ,i consid] x necess>y = ! s+]4  
,!n !re are languages4 ,be n cont5t )   

y\r own1 ?\gh t language mu/ be p]fectly
 le>n$ & express$1 b le>n o!rs4  ,y (   
c\rse speak sev]al languages8 que/ion$ !
 li/5]4  ,yes1 ,i speak eight1 %e answ]$
 mode/ly4 ,russian1 ( c\rse1 = ,i am    
,russian2 !n ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,g]man1   
,spani%1 ,poli%1 ,r\manian & ,engli%4   
,besides ^! ,i am famili> ) a few       
dialects4   ,,h ,,pati5ce  ,s _m "y s+]s
 are s impati5t2 !y want to prep>e      
!mselves 9 ?ree or f\r ye>s = a c>e]1 & 
,madame fr[n$ h] disapproval4 ,p]haps !y
 may come be=e ! public aft] t l5g? ( "t
 sp5t 9 /udy2 b !y w only "k a "p--a    
little ( all !y ought to "k4 ,) a long] 
"t1 consci5ti\sly us$1 !y w\ld be f>    
bett] equipp$4 ,! s+] :o sp5ds n9e or t5
 ye>s 9 prep>ation1 :o is tra9$ to s+   
florid p>ts z well z ^? :i* are         
dramatic--%e inde$ c s+ any?+1 ! music (
 ! old s*ool z well z ( ! new4 ,9 ,rome 
,i gave a recital ( old music1 assi/$ by
 memb]s ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel *oir4 ,we gave
 mu* old music1 "s ( x dat+ f ! six?    
c5tury4  ,d ,i always feel ! emotions ,i

 express :5 s++ a rle8 ,yes1 ,i c say t 
,i endeavor to ?r[ myself absolutely    
into ! "p ,i am portray+2 b t ,i always 
d s ) equal success _c be expect$4 ,s _m
 un=ese5 occurr5ces may int]f]e1 :i* !  
audi5ce c nev] "k or consid]4 ,"o may n 
be exactly 9 ! mood1 or 9 ! be/ ( voice2
 ! h\se may n be a cong5ial space1 or ! 
audi5ce is unsympa!tic4 ,b if all is    
propiti\s & ! audi5ce ) y--!n y are     
lift$ up & c>ry e "o ) y4 ,!n y are     
inspir$ & petty annoyances are q =gott54
   ,,vocal ,,ma/]y  ,y ask a v difficult
 "q :5 y ask ( :at vocal ma/]y consi/s4 
,if ,i h develop$ p]fect control ?r\gh\t
 ! two & a half octaves ( my voice1 c   
make ea* tone ) pure quality & p]fect   
ev5ness 9 ! diff]5t degrees ( l\d & s(t1
 & if ,i h p]fect brea? control z well1 
,i !n h an equipm5t t may s]ve all      
purposes ( int]pretation4  ,toge!r )    
vocal ma/]y mu/ g ! art ( int]pretation1
 9 :i* all ! ma/]y ( ! vocal equipm5t   
may f9d expression4 ,9 ord] to int]pret 
adequately "o ought to possess a p]fect 

in/rum5t1 p]fectly tra9$4 ,:5 ?is is !  
case "o c =get me*anism1 because        
confid5t ( ! ability to express :atev]  
emotion is desir$4  ,h y a message :i*  
may be c>ri$ to ! "y s+]s8 %e 0 ask$4   
,tell !m to h pati5ce--pati5ce to "w &  
pati5ce to wait = results4 ,vocal ma/]y 
is n a ?+ t c be quickly accompli%$2 x  
is n ! "w ( weeks & mon?s1 b ( ye>s (   
consi/5t1 con/ant ef=t4 ,x _c be hurri$1
 b mu/ gr[ ) "o's gr[?1 bo? m5tally &   
physically4 ,b ! rew>d ( e>ne/ ef=t is  
sure to come6    ,x  ,,l\ise ,,hom]  ,,!
 ,,requirem5ts ,,( ,a ,,musical ,,c>e]  
,madame ,l\ise ,hom] is a native arti/  
to :om e loyal ,am]ican c po9t )        
p>donable pride4 ,h] c>e] has be5 a     
con/ant1 /eady asc5t1 f ! />t2 x is a   
c>e] s well kn[n 9 ,am]ica t !re is     
h>dly any ne$ to review x1 except z %e  
h]self ref]s to x on ! r>e occasions :5 
%e is induc$ to speak ( h]self4 ,= ,mme4
 ,hom] is "o ( ! mo/ mode/ arti/s 9 !   
_w2 no?+ is m di/a/eful to h] ?an to    
seek = publicity ?r\gh ord9>y *annels4  

,s av]se is %e to any self-seek+ t x 0 )
 consid]able hesitation t %e cons5t$ to 
express h] views to ! writ]1 on ! s+]'s 
art4 ,z ,mr4 ,sidney ,hom]1 ! well kn[n 
compos] & husb& ( ,mme4 ,hom]1 rem>k$1 !
 writ] %\ld prize ?is intimate talk1 z x
 0 ! fir/ ,mme4 ,hom] _h grant$ 9 a v   
long "t4  ,illu/ration3 ,,l\ise ,,hom]  
,! arti/ _h lately return$ f a long     
trip1 cr[d$ ) _m conc]ts1 :5 ,i call$ at
 ! ,new ,york resid5ce ( ?is ideal      
musical pair & _! *>m+ family4 ,mme4    
,hom] 0 at home & s5t d[n ^w %e w\ld see
 me %ortly4 ,9 ! few mom5ts ( wait+1 ,i 
seem$ to feel ! g5ial atmosph]e ( ?is   
home1 its quiet & *e]4 ,a di/ant t9kle (
 girli% laught] 0 borne to me once or   
twice2 !n a phrase or two sung by a ri*1
 vibrant voice above2 !n 9 a mom5t aft]1
 ! arti/ h]self desc5d$ & greet$ me     
cordially4  ,we w h a cup ( tea be=e we 
/>t 9 to talk1 %e said1 &1 z if by      
magic1 ! tea tray & da9ty muff9s appe>$4
  ,h[ :olesome & fre% %e look$1 ) !     
ruddy color 9 h] *eeks & ! firm :it5ess 

( neck & arms4 ,! ,japanese robe (      
midnight blue1 embroid]$ 9 yell[s1      
height5$ ! impression ( vigor\s heal? by
 its becom+ness4   ,,= ,,! ,,girl ,,:o  
,,wants ,,to ,,make ,a ,,c>e]  ,!re is s
 mu* to consid] = ! girl :o desires to  
ent] ! pr(ession1 began ,mme4 ,hom]1 9  
response to my fir/ qu]y4 ,fir/1 %e mu/ 
h a voice1 !re is no use attempt+ a c>e]
 )\t ! voice2 !re mu/ be some?+ to      
develop1 some?+ wor? :ile to build ^u4  
,& if %e has ! voice & ! means to /udy1 
%e mu/ make up h] m9d to devote h]self  
exclusively to h] art2 !re is no o!r way
 to succe$4 ,%e _c ent] society1 g to   
lun*eons1 d9n]s & out 9 ! ev5+1 & at !  
same "t accompli% mu* 9 ! way ( musical 
developm5t4 ,_m girls ?9k1 if !y att5d  
two or ?ree voice lessons a week & le>n 
"s songs & a few op]atic arias1 t is all
 !re is to x4 ,b !re is f> m4 ,!y mu/ "k
 _m o!r ?+s4 ,! vocal /ud5t %\ld /udy   
piano & languages2 ^! are really        
ess5tial4 ,n t %e %\ld /rive to become a
 piani/2 t w\ld n be possible if %e is  

de/9$ to become a s+]2 b ! m %e kn[s ( !
 piano & its lit]ature1 ! m ?is w       
cultivate h] musical s5se & develop h]  
ta/e4   ,,h[ ,,an ,,arti/ ,,works  ,i am
 always /udy+1 always /riv+ to improve  
:at ,i h already le>n$ & try+ to acquire
 ! ?+s ,i f9d difficult1 or t ,i h n yet
 atta9$ to4 ,i d vocal te*nic e day2 ?is
 is absolutely ess5tial1 :ile "o is 9 ! 
h>ness4 ,x is dur+ ! w9t] t ,i "w s     
indu/ri\sly1 bo? on te*nic & rep]toire1 
betwe5 t\rs4 ,?is is :5 ,i /udy4 ,i     
believe 9 re/+ ! voice "p ( ! ye>1 & ,i 
take ?is re/ 9 ! summ]4 ,!n1 = a "t1 ,i 
d n s+ at all4 ,i try to =get !re is su*
 a ?+ z music 9 ! _w1 s f> z /udy+ x is 
conc]n$4 ,( c\rse ,i try ov] ,mr4       
,hom]'s new songs1 :5 !y are f9i%$1 =   
summ] is 8 "t = composition4  ,s9ce !   
voice is su* an intangible in/rum5t1 !  
s+] ne$s regul> guidance & criticism1 no
 matt] h[ advanc$ %e may be4 ,z y say1 x
 is difficult = ! s+] to det]m9e ! full 
effect ( h] "w2 %e (t5 ?9ks x mu* bett] 
?an x really is4 ,t is human nature1    

isn't x8 %e add$ ) "o ( h] *>m+ smiles4 
,,! ,,/>t ,,9 ,,op]a  ,h[ did y />t ^u  
an op]atic c>e]8 ! s+] 0 ask$4  ,j "h   
,mr4 ,hom] ent]$ & jo9$ 9 ! conf]5ce4   
,i d n desire to g into my life-hi/ory1 
z t w\ld take too long4 ,9 a few words1 
?is is h[ x happ5$--ye>s ago4  ,we 7    
liv+ 9 ,bo/on2 ,i _h a *ur* position1 s 
we 7 ea* busy ) our musical "w4 ,my     
voice 0 said to be 'glori\s1' b x 0 a   
cumb]some1 unwieldy organ4 ,i c\ld only 
s+ up to ,f2 !re 7 s _m ?+s ,i want$ to 
d ) my voice t seem$ impossible1 t ,i   
realiz$ ,i ne$$ m tra9+4 ,i c\ld h      
rema9$ :]e ,i 02 ! *ur* p 7 q satisfi$1 
& ,i sang 9 conc]t :5ev] opportunity    
(f]$4 ,b some?+ )9 urg$ me on4 ,we      
decid$ to take a ye> (f & sp5d x 9 /udy 
abroad4 ,p>is 0 !n ! ,mecca = s+]s & to 
,p>is we w5t4 ,i plung$ at once into    
absorb+ /udy2 daily lessons 9 voice     
tra9+ & rep]toire2 languages1 & ,fr5*   
diction1 sev]al times a week1 & soon    
act+ 0 add$1 = e "o said my voice 0 = ! 
!at]4 ,i _h no idea1 :5 ,i />t$ out1 t  

,i %\ld g into op]a4 ,i _h always lov$  
to s+1 z f> back z ,i c rememb]4 ,my    
fa!r 0 a ,presbyt]ian cl]gyman1 & :5 we 
ne$$ new hymn books = *ur* or ,sunday   
,s*ool1 !y us$ to come to our h\se4 ,i  
w\ld get hold ( e hymn book ,i c\ld f9d 
& le>n ! music4 ,s ,i 0 always s++2 b an
 op]atic c>e] nev] ent]$ my ?\ght1 until
 ! prospect seem$ to unfold be=e me1 z a
 result ( my ardu\s /udy 9 ,p>is4 ,(    
c\rse ,i began to le>n important arias f
 ! op]as4 ,e contralto aspires to s+ !  
gr& air f ! la/ act ( ,le ,prophete2 y  
"k x ( c\rse4 ,i told my tea*] ,i c\ld  
nev] d x1 z x dem&$ high] tones ?an ,i  
_h acquir$1 go+ up to ,c4 ,he assur$ me 
x w\ld be p]fectly easy 9 a little :ile1
 if ,i w\ld sp5d a few mom5ts daily on  
^? high notes4 ,8 pr$iction 0 correct1 =
 9 a few mon?s ,i _h no tr\ble ) ! top  
notes4  ,i /udi$ /age deportm5t & act+ f
 "o ( ! greate/ s++ actors ( ! ,fr5*    
/age1 ,paul ,lh]ie4 ,:at an arti/ he 06 
,s subtle1 s p5etrat+1 s compreh5sive4  
,! pr9ciples he taught are a con/ant    

help to me n[1 & 8 rem>ks (t5 come back 
to me z ,i /udy a new rle4  ,z ,i say1  
,i /udi$ ?is l9e ( "w1 n kn[+ :at w\ld  
gr[ out ( x2 ,i did x on fai?1 hop+ t x 
might prove useful4  ,x seems to me1    
rem>k$ ! compos]1 t "y s+]s w\ld d well 
to make a /udy ( act+1 along ) languages
 & piano4 ,!n1 if ! voice develop$ & an 
op]atic c>e] op5$ to !m1 !y w\ld be s   
mu* bett] prep>$2 !y w\ld h made a />t 9
 ! "r direction2 !re w\ld n be s mu* to 
le>n all at once1 lat] on4  ,if ! girl  
c\ld only be sure %e 0 de/9$ = a /age   
c>e]1 said ,mme4 ,hom]1 ?\ghtfully1 %e  
might d _m ?+s f ! />t t %e doesn't ?9k 
( do+ be=e %e kn[s4  ,to g on ) my ,p>is
 /ory4 ,i kept fai?fully at "w = a ye>1 
prep>+ myself = ,i knew n j :at2 ,i c\ld
 n guess :at 0 9 /ore4 ,!n ,i got my    
fir/ op]a engagem5t1 q unexpect$ly4 ,i 0
 s++ = "s pr(essional fri5ds 9 a l>ge   
saale4 ,i notic$ a man /&+ ) 8 back to  
me1 look+ out ( "o ( ! long w9d[s4 ,:5  
,i f9i%$1 he came =w>d & (f]$ me an     
engagem5t at ,vi*y1 = ! summ] season4 ,!

 "n ,vi*y only sugge/$ to my m9d a k9d (
 bev]age4 ,n[ ,i le>n$ ! t[n _h a       
fl\ri%+ ,op]a ,h\se1 & ,i 0 expect$ to  
s+ eight rles4 ,?us my /age c>e] began4 
,,:at ,,are ,,! ,,assets ,,= ,a ,,c>e]8 
,& :at mu/ ! girl possess1 :o wi%es to  
make a success ) h] s++8 0 ask$4  ,fir/ 
( all1 z ,i h already said1 %e mu/ h a  
voice2 %e c nev] expect to get v f> )\t 
t4 ,voice is a necessity = a s+]1 b x   
re/s ) h] :at %e w d ) x1 h[ %e w       
develop x4  ,! next asset is            
intellig5ce2 t is z great a necessity z 
a voice4 ,= ?r\gh ! voice we express :at
 we feel1 :at we are2 intellig5ce       
controls1 directs1 %9es ?r\gh & illum9es
 ev]y?+4 ,inde$ :at c be done )\t       
intellig5ce8 ,i c\ld m5tion a "y s+] ) a
 good natural voice1 :o takes h] tones  
correctly1 :o /udies well2 inde$ "o c   
f9d no fault ) ! te*nical side ( h] "w2 
b h] s++ has no mean+--x says absolutely
 no?+2 x only repres5ts j s _m notes4   
,t is because %e has n a musical nature1
 put 9 ,mr4 ,hom]4 ,to my m9d t is !    

greate/ asset any "o c h :o wi%es to    
become a musician 9 any bran* ( ! art4  
,:at c be done )\t a musical nature8 ,( 
c\rse ,i speak ( ! "y s+] :o wi%es to   
make a c>e]4 ,!re are _m "y p :o take up
 s++ = _! own pleasure1 nev] expect+ to 
d mu* ) x4 ,& x is a good ?+ to d s4 ,x 
gives pleasure to _! family & fri5ds--is
 a heal?ful ex]cise1 & la/ b n lea/1 is 
f9ancially good = ! tea*] !y employ4  ,b
 ! tr\ble comes :5 ^! sup]ficial /ud5ts 
aspire to become op]a s+]s1 aft] a c\ple
 ( seasons' /udy4 ,( c\rse !y all ca/   
eyes at ! ,metropolitan1 z ! end & aim (
 all /riv+4  ,j z if1 :5 a "y man ent]s 
a law (fice1 x is go+ to lead him to !  
,:ite ,h\se1 or t he expects x w1 said  
,mr4 ,hom]4  ,!n1 resum$ ! arti/1 we h  
already ?ree requirem5ts = a vocal c>e]2
 ,voice1 ,intellig5ce & a ,musical      
,nature4 ,i ?9k ! ,f\r? %\ld be a       
,capacity = ,"w4 ,)\t application1 !    
gifts ( voice1 intellig5ce & a musical  
nature w n make an arti/4 ,to accompli% 
?is task requires ceaseless labor1 )\t  

yield+ to disc\ragem5t4 ,p]haps ! ,fif? 
asset w\ld be a *e]ful optimism z pro(  
aga9/ disc\ragem5t4  ,t is ! la/ ?+ !   
/ud5t %\ld yield to--disc\ragem5t1 = ?is
 has /unt$ or impair$ ! gr[? ( _m s+]s  
possess$ ( natural tal5t4 ,! "y s+] mu/ 
nev] be d[n-he>t$4 ,suppose ?+s d n g z 
%e w\ld l to h !m2 %e mu/ le>n to       
ov]come ob/acles1 n be ov]come by !m4   
,%e mu/ h backbone en\gh to /& up "u    
disappo9tm5ts2 !y are ! te/ ( h] mettle1
 ( h] wor?9ess to ent] ! circle ) ^? :o 
h ov]come4 ,= %e c be sure t none ( u h 
ris5 to a place 9 art )\t ! h>de/ k9d ( 
"w1 /ruggle & ! conqu]+ ( all sorts (   
difficulties4  ,! six? asset ought to be
 ,pati5ce1 = %e w ne$ t 9 l>ge measure4 
,x is only ) pati5t /riv+1 do+ ! daily  
vocal task1 & try+ to d x ea* day a     
little bett] ?an ! day be=e1 t any?+    
wor? :ile is accompli%$4 ,x is a "w t _c
 be hurri$4 ,i repeat x2 ! /ud5t mu/ h  
unlimit$ pati5ce to labor & wait =      
results4   ,,coloratura ,,& ,,dramatic  
,i w\ld advise e /ud5t to /udy          

coloratura fir/4 ,!n1 z ! voice broad5s1
 deep5s & takes on a ri*] timbre1 x w   
turn naturally to ! m dramatic          
expression4 ,! voice ne$s ?is backgr\nd1
 or f\ndation 9 ! old ,italian music1 9 
ord] to acquire flexibility & fre$om4 ,i
 0 n tra9$ to foll[ ?is plan myself1 b  
my daught] ,l\ise1 :o is j />t+ out 9 h]
 public c>e]1 has be5 br\ght up to ?is  
idea1 :i* seems to me ! be/4            
,,memoriz+  ,i memorize v easily1 le>n+ 
bo? words & music at ! same "t4 ,9 tak+ 
up a new rle1 my accompani/ plays x = me
 & we g ov] x c>efully not+ all !re is 9
 language & notes4 ,:5 ,i c take x to b$
 ) me1 & g ov] x m5tally2 :5 ,i c g     
?r\gh x z ,i walk along ! /reet1 !n x   
has become a "p ( me2 !n ,i c feel ,i "k
 x4  ,mme4 ,hom] holds ! bann] at !     
,metropolitan1 = rapid memoriz+1 said h]
 husb&4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 ,das        
,rhe+old 0 ann\nc$ = an ev5+ p]=mance1 !
 ,fricka 0 sudd5ly indispos$ & unable to
 appe>4 ,e>ly 9 ! aft]noon1 ! ,director 
came to ,mme4 ,hom]1 begg+ h] to d ! "p1

 z o!rwise he w\ld be =c$ to close !    
h\se t night4 ,a s+] _h tri$ all =5oon  
to le>n ! rle1 b _h n[ giv5 x up z      
impossible4 ,mme4 ,hom] cons5t$4 ,%e    
/>t$ 9 at ?ree o'clock & work$ till six1
 w5t on 9 ! ev5+1 sang ! "p )\t         
rehe>sal1 & acquitt$ h]self ) cr$it4    
,?is record has nev] be5 surpass$ at !  
,metropolitan4 ,i knew ! o!r ,frickas ( 
! ,r+1 said ,madame1 b _h nev] le>n$ !  
"o 9 ! ,rhe+old2 x is full ( %ort       
phrases & difficult to rememb]1 b ,i    
came ?r\gh all "r4 ,i may add1 z y ask1 
t p]haps ,orfeo is my favorite rle1 "o (
 ! mo/ beautiful works we h4   ,,vocal  
,,ma/]y  ,:at d ,i und]/& by ,vocal     
,ma/]y8 ,! words expla9 !mselves4 ,! s+]
 mu/ ma/] all difficulties ( te*nic1 (  
tone production1 s z to be able to      
express ! ?\ght ( ! compos]1 & ! mean+ (
 ! music4  ,don't =get t ! s+] mu/ h a  
musical nature1 add$ ,mr4 ,hom]1 = )\t  
?is true vocal ma/]y is impossible4     
,,xi  ,,giovanni ,,m>t9elli  ,,let ,,u  
,,h ,,pl5ty ,,( ,,op]a ,,9 ,,am]ica     

,said ! ,pr(essor3 ,h[ well ,i rememb] !
 fir/ "t ,i he>d ,m>t9elli4 ,we 7       
travel+ 9 ,italy t summ]1 & _h arriv$ 9 
,v]ona r late 9 ! aft]noon4 ,! city     
seem$ full ( p1 ) _m /rang]s1 & we c\ld 
n at fir/ secure accommodations at !    
hotel4 ,inquir+ ! cause1 ! answ] 03     
',does n ! sign] "k t to-day is "o      
holiday1 & to-night1 9 ! ,amphi!at]1    
,ada w be sung1 "u ! />s4' ,we f9ally   
secur$ rooms1 & ( c\rse he>d ! op]a t   
night4 ,"y ,m>t9elli 0 ! ,rhadames1 & ,i
 %all nev] =get h[ spl5didly 8 voice    
rang out ov] ^? va/ spaces ( ! ,ar5a4 ,x
 0 a mo/ unusual exp]i5ce to he> t music
 sung 9 ! op5--'"u ! />s1' & x 0        
un=gettable4  ,illu/ration3 ,,giovanni  
,,m>t9elli  ,giovanni ,m>t9elli1 :o has 
be5 = sev]al ye>s "o ( ! lead+ t5ors at 
! ,metropolitan ,op]a ,h\se1 ,new ,york1
 has w>mly entr5*$ himself 9 ! he>ts (  
music lov]s 9 ,am]ica4 ,to be a great   
s+]1 z "s "o has said1 requires1 fir/1  
voice2 second1 voice2 ?ird1 voice4      
,h[ev]1 at ! pres5t h\r a great s+] mu/ 

h m ?an voice2 we dem& hi/rionic ability
 also4 ,we want s++ actors z well z     
great s+]s4  ,mr4 ,m>t9elli is !        
possessor ( a beautiful voice &1        
moreov]1 is a f9e actor & an excell5t   
musician4 ,he 01 fir/ ( all1 a cl>9eti/ 
be=e he became a s+]1 & s well did he   
play 8 *os5 in/rum5t t 8 s]vices 7 9    
great dem& 9 8 home t[n 9 ,italy4 ,!n x 
0 discov]$ he _h a voice & he 0 told he 
c\ld make a f> great] success ) t voice 
?an he ev] c\ld play+ ! cl>9et4 ,he set 
to "w at once to cultivate ! voice 9    
s]i\s e>ne/ & "u good in/ruction4 ,aft] 
a consid]able "t devot$ to /udy1 he made
 8 db 9 ,milan1 9 ,v]di's ,ernani4 ,8   
success won an engagem5t at ,cov5t ,g>d5
 & = ,monte ,c>lo4  ,a visit to ! s+]'s 
,new ,york home is a mo/ int]e/+        
exp]i5ce4 ,he has *os5 ap>tm5ts p]*$    
high above ! great art]y ( ! city's     
life--,broadway4 ,f ! _m sun-flood$     
w9d[s magnific5t views ( av5ue1 riv] &  
sky are visible1 :ile at night !        
electrical glam\r t meets ! eye is      

fairy-l4 ,x is a sightly spot & mu/     
rem9d ! s+] ( 8 own sun light$ atmosph]e
 at home4  ,! visitor 0 welcom$ ) simple
 c\rtesy by a k9dly1 unaffect$ g5tleman1
 :o insi/s he _c speak y\r ,engli%1 b   
:o1 9 spite ( ?is ass]tion1 succe$s 9   
mak+ himself excell5tly well und]/ood4  
,"o feels 8 is a m5tality t w labor = an
 object & w atta9 x ?r\gh =ce ( ef=t4   
,!re is det]m9ation 9 ! firm m\?1 :i*   
smiles s pleasantly :5 speak+2 !        
?\ghtful br[ & s]i\s eyes add _! %>e to 
! =ceful p]sonality4 ,! ,titian-t9t$    
hair indicates1 x is said1 a bir?place 9
 nor!rn ,italy4 ,?is is q true 9 ! case 
( ,mr4 ,m>t9elli1 z he comes f a village
 n f> f ,padua & b fifty miles f        
,v5ice--! little t[n ( ,montagnana4     
,,daily ,,/udy  ,y ask ab\t my daily    
r\t9e ( /udy4 ,9 ! morn+ ,i practice    
ex]cises & vocalizes = "o h\r4 ,^! put !
 voice 9 good condition1 tune up ! vocal
 *ords & oil up ! me*anism1 s to speak4 
,aft] ?is ,i "w on rep]toire = ano!r    
h\r4 ,i always practice ) full voice1 z 

) half voice ,i w\ld n d]ive ! b5efit ,i
 ne$4 ,at rehe>sals ,i use half voice1 b
 n :5 ,i /udy4 ,9 ! aft]noon ,i "w ano!r
 h\r1 ?is "t ) my accompani/2 = ,i d n  
play ! piano myself1 only j en\gh to    
assi/ ! voice ) a few *ords4 ,?is rgime 
gives me ?ree h\rs' regul> /udy1 :i*    
seems to me q suffici5t4 ,! voice is n l
 ! f+]s ( a piani/1 = !y c be us$ )\t   
limit4 ,if we w\ld keep ! voice at its  
be/1 we mu/ take c>e n to ov]work x4    
,,treatm5t ,,( ,,! ,,voice  ,9 reg>d to 
! treatm5t ( ! voice1 ea* s+] mu/ "w out
 8 own salvation4 ,a great tea*]--"o :o 
und]/&s 8 own voice & c s+ z well z     
tea*--may tell h[ he does ?+s1 may      
expla9 h[ he treats ! voice1 may        
demon/rate to ! /ud5t 8 mann] ( execut+ 
a c]ta9 phrase or passage1 or (         
int]pret+ a song4 ,b :5 ?is is done he c
 d little m = ! /ud5t1 = ea* p]son has a
 diff]5t m5tality & a diff]5t quality ( 
voice--inde$ !re are z _m qualities (   
voice z !re are p4 ,aft] g5]al pr9ciples
 are ?or\ghly und]/ood1 a s+] mu/ "w !m 

out accord+ to 8 own ability4 ,?is does 
n mean t he _c be guid$ & help$ by !    
great] exp]i5ce ( a ma/] high] up1 :o c 
always criticize ! result ( :at ! /ud5t 
is try+ to d4 ,! voice is a hidd5       
in/rum5t1 & ev5tually its fate mu/ re/ )
 its possessor4   ,a ,,new ,r,,le  ,:5  
,i take up a new "p ,i read ! book v    
c>efully to get a ?or\gh idea ( ! /ory1 
! plot & ! *>act]s4 ,!n comes ! /udy (  
my own "p1 ( :i* ,i memorize ! words    
fir/ ( all4 ,z soon z ! words are       
committ$ ,i beg9 on ! music4 ,:5 ^! are 
bo? well 9 h&1 "w ) ! accompani/ foll[s4
  ,i h _m t5or rles 9 my rep]toire & am 
work+ on o!rs4 ,if y ask = my favorite  
op]a1 or op]as1 ,i w\ld answ]1 z mo/    
,italians w\ld d1 t ,i enjoy s++ ! music
 ( ,v]di m ?an t ( any compos]4 ,i love 
8 ,ada p]haps be/ ( all4 ,ernani is a   
beautiful op]a1 b maybe w\ld be ?\ght   
too old-fa%ion$ = ,new ,york4 ,i s+     
v>i\s rles 9 ,fr5* z well z             
,italian--,fau/1 ,sans ,g5e1 & _m m4 ,9 
,italy we "k ,wagn] v well--,loh5gr91   

,tannhaus]1 ,tri/an & ,mei/]s+]1--b (   
c\rse !y are always sung 9 ,italian4    
,,op]a ,,9 ,,e ,,city  ,! ,metropolitan 
is "o ( ! greate/ op]a h\ses 9 ! _w--b x
 is only "o4 ,y h a wond]ful c\ntry1 yet
 mo/ ( its cities mu/ d )\t op]a4 ,d n  
=get t 9 ,italy e city & t[n has its    
op]a h\se & its season ( op]a1 la/+ t5  
weeks or m4 ,( c\rse ! works are n      
elaborately produc$1 ! s+]s may n be s  
great or high-sal>i$1 b ! p are be+     
educat$ to "k & love ! be/ op]a music4  
,p]=mances are giv5 ,w$nesdays &        
,?ursdays1 ,saturdays & ,sundays2 ! s+]s
 re/+ ! days betwe54 ,!y ne$ to z !y are
 oblig$ to s+ at e p]=mance4  ,ah1 if y 
w\ld foll[ "s su* plan 9 ,am]ica6 ,x    
w\ld create a great love = good music 9 
! small] cities & t[ns :]e p he> s      
little1 & s seldom ?is k9d ( music4 ,y d
 s mu* = music 9 e o!r /yle1 b n = op]a4
 ,( c\rse ,i mu/ except ! half doz5     
cities l>ge en\gh & ri* en\gh to be     
favor$ ) a season ( ext5d$ op]atic      
p]=mances2 ^! are ! real music c5t]s (  

y\r c\ntry4  ,i w %[ y :at we d = op]a 9
 ,italy4 ,"h is an ,italian musical     
j\rnal1 :i* ,i h j receiv$4 ,mr4        
,m>t9elli took up a s+le-%eet newspap]  
:i* lay ^u 8 desk4 ,y w f9d all ! l>ge  
cities & mo/ ( ! small ones report$ "h4 
,accord+ly1 acc\nts are giv5 ( :at works
 are be+ p]=m$1 :at arti/s are s++ &    
:]e1 & h[ long ea* season w la/4 ,?us we
 c glance ov] ! :ole field & keep 9 t\* 
) e s+]4 ,naturally1 ! "t & l5g? ( !    
seasons ( p]=mance diff] widely 9 !     
diff]5t places4 ,?us a s+] ( reputation 
c make engagem5ts 9 v>i\s places1 !n g f
 "o t[n to ano!r 9 a complete t\r1 )\t  
conflict+4  ,i h _h ! pleasure ( s++ a  
numb] ( seasons at ! ,metropolitan4     
,dur+ ! summ] ,i d n always g back to   
,italy :5 ! season is ov] "h2 la/ ye> ,i
 sang 9 ,bu5os ,aires4 ,?is keeps me at 
"w ! :ole ye>4 ,bu5os ,aires is a       
beautiful city1 & rem9ds "o ( ,milan4   
,yes1 ,i l ,new ,york4 ,x is m          
comm]cial1 ( c\rse1 b ,i h gr[n accu/om$
 to t side ( x4  ,z ! visitor 0 leav+1  

c\rte\sly conduct$ ?r\gh ! corridor by  
,mr4 ,m>t9elli1 a small *>iot 0         
enc\nt]$1 cramm$ ) dolls & toys1 ! :ole 
belong+ to little ,miss ,m>t9elli1 ag$  
elev5 mon?s4  ,%all y make a s+] ( !    
little lady8 ! arti/ 0 ask$4  ,ah1 no2  
"o s+] 9 a family is en\gh1 0 ! quick   
response4 ,b :o c tell8 ,x may s happ51 
aft] all4     ,,xii  ,,anna ,,case      
,,inspir$ ,,int]pretation   ,anna ,case1
 kn[n f "o end ( our l& to ! o!r1 9 song
 recital1 is surely "o hundr$ p] c5t4   
,am]ican4 ,%e 0 born 9 ! little ,/ate ( 
,new ,j]sey1 & receiv$ h] entire vocal  
tra9+ "r "h 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ( a s+le
 tea*]4 ,no runn+ ab\t f "o in/ructor to
 ano!r1 gett+ po9ts f ea*1 = ?is s+]4   
,%e knew f ! fir/ mom5t t %e _h f\nd !  
"r tea*]1 "o :o und]/ood h]1 :at %e     
want$ to d1 & c\ld br+ h] to ! goal4  ,&
 :5 "o has discov]$ j ! "r p]son to     
develop tal5t1 "o %\ld h ! good s5se &  
loyalty to /ick to t p]son4 ,?is is     
exactly :at ,miss ,case has done1 =     
along ) o!r gifts %e has ! be/ gift (   

all--common s5se4 ,mme4 ,o/rom-,r5>d has
 be5 my only tea*]1 %e says2 :atev] ,i  
am or h accompli%$ ,i owe entirely to   
h]4 ,%e has done ev]y?+ = me2 ,i feel %e
 is ! mo/ wond]ful tea*] 9 ! _w4        
,illu/ration3 ,,anna ,,case  ,a life (  
con/ant travel & almo/ daily conc]ts &  
recitals1 lies be=e ,miss ,case f e>ly 9
 ! ,autumn to ! end ( ,spr+1 ) b a few  
brea?+ places "h & !re1 betwe5 ! t\rs1  
:5 %e returns home to re/ up4  ,dur+ "o 
( ^! oases x 0 a pleasant exp]i5ce to   
meet & talk ) ! *>m+ "y s+]1 9 h] cozy  
,new ,york ap>tm5t4 ,%e _h j come 9 f a 
six weeks' trip1 :i* _h includ$ conc]ts 
9 ,texas & ,mexico1 :]e ! usual success 
_h att5d$ h] ev]y:]e4  ,x mu/ surely    
give a s5se ( relief to "k t ! quiet    
home is await+ "o's return2 t !re are to
 be f\nd "o's favorite books1 music1    
piano1 ! silk5 divan1 s(t lights1       
pictures1--all ! famili> com=ts "o is   
depriv$ ( on ! road4  ,! visitor1 com+ 9
 f ! bit+ w9ds )\t1 0 impress$ ) ! com=t
 & w>m? ( ! small salon1 z ! mi/ress ( x

 ent]$4 ,clad 9 s(t drap]ies ( dull     
blue1 :i* b ?9ly veil$ ! :ite arms &    
fell away f ! r\nd$ ?roat1 ,miss ,case 0
 j z beautiful to look ^u z :5 %e /&s 9 
bewild]+ ev5+ g[n be=e a rapt audi5ce4  
,&1 :at is mu* m to ! po9t1 %e is a     
?or\ghly s5sible1 s9c]e ,am]ican girl1 )
 no frills & no nons5se ab\t h]4  ,aft] 
greet+s 7 ov]1 ! s+] settl$ h]self among
 ! silk5 cu%ions ( h] divan ready = our 
talk4  ,i believe ,i always want$ to s+1
 r ?an d any?+ else 9 ! way ( music4 ,i 
/udi$ ! piano a little at fir/1 b t did 
n exactly appeal to me4 ,i also began ! 
viol91 because my fa!r is fond ( t      
in/rum5t & want$ me to play x4 ,b !     
viol9 0 n j :at ,i want$ ei!r1 = all !  
"t ,i long$ to s+4 ,s++ is su* a "p (   
"o's v self2 ,i want$ to express myself 
?r\gh x4 ,i _h no idea1 :5 ,i />t$1 t ,i
 %\ld ev] make a specialty ( x1 or t1 9 
a comp>atively few ye>s ,i %\ld be s++  
all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,i did n "k :at 0 be=e
 me1 ,i only want$ to le>n to s+4  ,n[  
,i _c tell j h[ ,i d ! diff]5t ?+s "o   

mu/ d to s+ correctly4 ,i "k t1 if ,i h 
to ma/] "s subject1 ,i j sit d[n & "w at
 t ?+ till ,i c d x--till x is done4 ,my
 tea*] kn[s e organ 9 ! anatomy1 & c    
describe ! muscles1 bones & ligam5ts    
f\nd 9 ! head1 face & ?roat4 ,%e c make 
a diagram ( ! :ole or any "p4 ,n t su* k
 is go+ to make a s+]1 b x may help 9   
direct+ "o's ef=ts4   ,,tone ,,placem5t 
,c y describe tone placem5t8 %e 0 ask$4 
,= ! deep] tones--z "o makes !m--!y seem
 to come f l[] d[n3 = ! middle & high]  
tones1 y feel ! vibrations 9 facial     
muscles & ab\t ! eyes1 always focus$    
=w>d1 j at ! base ( ! =ehead1 betwe5 !  
eyes4 ,x is some?+ v difficult to put   
into words2 ! s5sations h to be         
exp]i5c$1 :5 mak+ ! tones4 ,! s+] mu/   
judge s mu* f s5sation1 = %e _c v well  
he> h]self4 ,i d n really he> myself2 ,i
 mean by ?is ,i _c tell ! full effect ( 
:at ,i am do+4   ,,:5 ,,to ,,practice   
,no d\bt y d mu* practice--or is t n[   
necess>y8  ,miss ,case consid]$ ?is     
?\ghtfully4  ,i nev] practice :5 ,i am  

tir$1 = !n x does m h>m ?an good4 ,x is 
mu* bett] = ! voice to re/ & n use x at 
all1 ?an to s+ :5 n physically fit4 ,"o 
mu/ be 9 good condition to make good    
tones2 !y w n be cle> & p]fect if "o is 
n /rong & 9 good heal?4 ,i c really     
/udy1 yet n s+ at all4 ,= ! :ole "w is  
m5tal anyway4   ,,us+ ,,full ,,voice    
,:5 ,i "w on ! int]pretation ( a song1 9
 ! quiet ( my music room "h1 ,i try to  
s+ x j z ,i w\ld be=e an audi5ce2 ,i h n
 two ways ( do+ x1 "o way = a small room
 & ano!r = a l>ge "o4 ,if y\r tone      
placem5t is correct1 & y are mak+ ! "r  
effects1 !y w c>ry equally 9 a l>ge     
space4 ,at lea/ ?is is my exp]i5ce4 ,b1 
%e add$1 smil+1 y may f9d o!r arti/s :o 
w\ld n agree to ?is1 :o w\ld ?9k q      
diff]5tly4 ,ea* "o mu/ see ?+s h] own   
way2 & s++ is su* an individual ?+ aft] 
all4   ,,! ,,subject ,,( ,,int]pretation
  ,! int]pretation ( a rle1 or song1 is 
ev]y?+--( c\rse4 ,:at are m]e notes &   
signs comp>$ to ! ?\ghts express$ ?r\gh 
!m8 ,yet x is evid5t !re are p :o don't 

agree to ?is1 = "o he>s _m s+]s :o nev] 
seem to look deep] ?an ! pr9t$ page4 ,!y
 /& up & g ?r\gh _! songs1 b ! audi5ces 
rema9 cold2 !y are n t\*$4 ,! audi5ces  
are blam$ = _! apa?y or indiff]5ce1 b h[
 c !y be w>m$ :5 ! s+] does n k9dle !m  
into life8  ,to me !re is a wond]ful    
bond ( sympa?y betwe5 ! audi5ce &       
myself4 ,i feel ! p1 9 a s5se1 belong to
 me--are "p ( my family4 ,to !m ,i p\r  
out all my feel+s--my :ole s\l4 ,all !  
sorr[ ( ! sad songs1 all ! joy ( ! gay  
ones1 !y %>e ) me4 ,9 ?is _s ,i come    
be=e !m2 !y feel ?is1 ,i am sure4 ,x    
awak5s a response at once1 & ?is always 
inspires me4 ,i put myself 9 a receptive
 mood2 x has ! desir$ effect2 my        
int]pretation becomes inspir$ ?r\gh _!  
sympa?y & my desire to give out to !m4  
,,! ,,words ,,( ,a ,,song ,,p>am\nt  ,i 
feel ! greate/ ?+ ab\t a song is !      
words4 ,!y inspir$ ! music1 !y 7 ! cause
 ( its be+4 ,i _c imag9e1 :5 once words 
h be5 jo9$ to music1 h[ o!r words c be  
put to ! same music1 )\t de/roy+ ! :ole 

idea4 ,! words mu/ be made pla9 to !    
audi5ce4 ,e syllable %\ld be            
intelligible1 & und]/ood by ! li/5]4 ,i 
feel diction is s absolutely ess5tial4  
,h[ c a s+] expect ! audi5ce w take an  
int]e/ 9 :at %e is do+1 if !y h no idea 
:at x is all ab\t8 ,& ?is applies n only
 to ,engli% songs b to ^? 9 ,fr5* z     
well4 ,9 an audi5ce !re w be _m :o      
und]/& ,fr5*4 ,%all ! s+] imag9e %e c   
pron\nce a =eign tongue 9 any old way1 &
 x w g--9 ^! days8 ,no1 %e mu/ be       
equally c>eful ab\t all diction & see t 
x is z ne>ly p]fect z %e c make x2 t x  
is s correct t anybody c und]/& e ^w4   
,:5 %e c d ?is1 %e has gone a long way  
t[>d c>ry+ h] audi5ce ) h] :5 %e s+s4   
,:5 ! diction is satisfactory1 !re is   
yet some?+ mu* deep]2 x is ! giv+ out ( 
"o's be/ ?\ght1 "o's be/ self1 :i* mu/  
animate ! song & c>ry x home to ! li/5]4
 ,x t\*es ! he>t1 because x comes f "o's
 v inmo/ be+4 ,i am a creature ( mood4  
,i _c s+ unless ,i feel l x4 ,i mu/ be  
inspir$ 9 ord] to give an int]pretation 

t %all be wor? any?+4   ,,gr[? ,,(      
,,appreciation  ,9 travel+ ov] ! c\ntry1
 ,i h f\nd su* wond]ful musical gr[?1 & 
x seems to increase ea* ye>4 ,ev5 9     
little places ! p %[ su* appreciation = 
:at is good4 ,& ,i only give !m good    
music--! be/ songs1 bo? classical &     
mod]n4 ,no?+ b ! be/ w\ld int]e/ me4 ,9 
my rec5t trip1 d[n 9 ,mexico &          
,oklahoma1 !re are ev]y:]e l>ge halls1 &
 p come f all ! c\ntry r\nd to att5d a  
conc]t4 ,m5 :o look z ?\gh !y _h driv5 a
 groc]y wagon1 or l occupation1 sit &   
li/5 s att5tively & ) su* evid5t        
enjoym5t4 ,i am sure ! circulation ( !  
phonograph records has mu* to d )       
,am]ica's pres5t wond]ful advancem5t 9  
musical und]/&+4  ,j "h a l>ge cat      
slipp$ ?r\gh ! doorway2 su* a beautiful 
creature1 ) long gray & :ite fur & big  
blue eyes4  ,x is a real *9*illa1 ( high
 degree1 said ,miss ,case1 c>ess+ h]    
pet4 ,i call h] ,fo*ette4 ,i am s fond (
 all animals1 especially dogs & cats4   
,y mu/ "k ! c\ntry well1 hav+ be5 ov] x 

s mu*4  ,yes1 b oh1 ! long di/ances6 ,x 
(t5 takes s _m h\rs to g f "o place to  
ano!r4 ,i ?9k !re is a reason :y =eign  
s+]s are apt to be r /\t2 !y are n worn 
out by travel+ great di/ances1 z cities 
are s mu* ne>] toge!r ?an ov] "h6 ,&    
,miss ,case smil$ 9 amusem5t4 ,b1 9     
spite ( all discom=ts ( transportation &
 s on1 ! joy ( br++ a message to a wait+
 audi5ce is wor? all x co/s4 ,i (t5 ?9k1
 if "o c\ld j fly to ,*icago or         
,philadelphia1 = in/ance1 s+ "o's       
program & return j z quickly1 )\t all ^!
 h\rs ( surface travel1 h[ delightful x 
w\ld be6 ,i _h a wond]ful exp]i5ce 9 an 
airplane la/ summ]4 ,fly+ has ! mo/     
salut>y effect on ! voice4 ,aft] sail+  
?r\gh ! air = a:ile1 y feel z ?\gh y    
c\ld s+ any?+ & ev]y?+1 ! exhil>ation is
 s great4 ,"o takes 9 su* a quantity (  
pure air t ! lungs feel p]fectly cle> & 
free4 ,"o c le>n a lesson ab\t brea?+ f 
su* an exp]i5ce4  ,be=e p>t+ a f9al "q 0
 ask$3  ,:at1 9 y\r op9ion1 are ! vital 
requisites necess>y to become a s+]8    

,almo/ in/antly came ! reply3  ,bra9s1  
,p]sonality1 ,voice4  ,) ?is cryptic    
answ] we took leave ( ! fair arti/4     
,,xiii  ,,flor5ce ,,ea/on  ,,problems   
,,confront+ ,,! ,,"y ,,s+]   ,engli% by 
bir?1 ,am]ican by m>riage1 belov$ 9 e   
c\ntry :]e h] art is kn[n1 ,flor5ce     
,ea/on1 aft] t5 ye>s ( activity 9 !     
music c5t]s ( ,europe1 is n[ mak+ h]    
home 9 ,am]ica4 ,mme4 ,ea/on is a s+] ^:
 attitude t[>ds music is "o ( deepe/    
s9c]ity4 ,no "o c\ld witness h]         
beautiful1 sympa!tic inve/iture ( !     
,sa9t ,elizabe?1 ( ,liszt1 or "s ( h]   
o!r important rles1 )\t be+ impress$ )  
?is complete1 e>ne/ s9c]ity4 ,x %9es out
 ( h] e>ne/ eyes & frank smile1 z %e    
greets ! visitor2 x vibrates 9 ! tones (
 h] voice z %e speaks4 ,:at c ev5 a :ole
 h\r's talk reveal ( ! deep und]curr5ts 
( an arti/'s ?\ght8 ,yet 9 sixty m9utes 
_m helpful ?+s may be said1 & ,mme4     
,ea/on1 always s]i\s 9 e arti/ic ?+ %e  
und]takes1 w wi% ! educational side (   
our talk to be upp]mo/4   ,,! ,,"y ,,s+]

  ,i h a deep sympa?y = ! ,am]ican girl 
:o hone/ly wi%es to cultivate h] voice4 
,( c\rse1 9 ! fir/ place1 %e mu/ h a    
voice to />t )2 !re is no use try+ to   
tra9 some?+ :i* doesn't exi/4 ,giv5 !   
voice & a love = music1 x is /ill       
difficult to tell ano!r h[ to beg94 ,ea*
 s+] :o has ris51 :o has f\nd h]self1   
kn[s by :at pa? %e climb$1 b ! pa? %e   
f\nd might n d = ano!r4  ,!re are       
quantities ( girls 9 ,am]ica ) good     
voices1 good looks & a love = music4 ,& 
!re are pl5ty ( good vocal tea*]s1 too1 
n only 9 ,new ,york1 b 9 o!r l>ge cities
 ( ?is great c\ntry4 ,!re is always !   
problem1 h[ev]1 ( secur+ j ! "r k9d ( a 
tea*]4 ,= a tea*] may be excell5t = "o  
voice b n = ano!r4   ,,! ,,/udio ,,v]sus
 ,,! ,,conc]t ,,room  ,illu/ration3     
,,flor5ce ,,ea/on  ,! ,am]ican girl1    
tra9$ 9 ! /udio1 has little idea ( :at x
 means to s+ 9 a l>ge hall or op]a h\se4
 ,9 ! small room h] voice s\nds v       
pretty1 & %e c make a numb] ( nice      
effects2 %e may also h a delicate       

pianissimo4 ,^! ?+s are mo/ly lo/ :5 %e 
tries !m 9 a l>ge space4 ,x is l beg9n+ 
all ov] aga94 ,%e has nev] be5 taught   
any o!r way b ! /udio way4 ,if "y s+]s  
c\ld only h a *ance to try _! w+s       
frequ5tly 9 l>ge halls1 x w\ld be ( !   
greate/ b5efit4 ,if !y c\ld s+ to a     
public :o only paid a nom9al sum & did n
 expect great ?+s2 a public :o w\ld come
 = ! sake ( ! music !y 7 to he>1 because
 !y want$ ! enjoym5t & refre%m5t ( x1 n 
= ! sake ( "s s+]s ) big names1 !y w\ld 
judge ! "y aspirant imp]sonally1 :i*    
w\ld be "o ( ! be/ ?+s = h]4   ,,value  
,,( ,,hone/ ,,criticism  ,frequ5tly !   
tr\ble ) ! "y s+] is t h] fri5ds too (t5
 tell h] h[ wond]ful %e is4 ,?is is a   
h9drance in/ead ( a help4 ,%e %\ld      
always h "s "o :o w criticize h]        
hone/ly4 ,! s+] _c really he> h]self1 t 
is1 n until %e is well advanc$ 9 h] "w4 
,!re=e %e %\ld always h ! guidance ( a  
tea*]4 ,i nev] ?9k ( giv+ a program )\t 
go+ ?r\gh x = criticism4 ,! (fice (     
critic is a v difficult "o1 especially  

if y are to criticize "s "o y are fond  
(4 ,mr4 ,macl5nan & ,i try to d x = ea* 
o!r4 ,i assure y x is no easy task to s+
 a program kn[+ "s "o is li/5+ :o w n   
sp>e y1 & w tell y all y\r faults4 ,i "k
 ?is is all v salut>y1 b x is human     
nature to wi% to he> "o's good po9ts r  
?an ! poor ones4 ,i sometimes say3 ',d  
tell me ! good ?+s ,i did4' ,b he says  
he does n ne$ to speak ( ^?2 ,i only ne$
 to "k my faults 9 ord] t !y may be     
correct$4  ,x is s easy to ov]do a      
little1 "o way or ! o!r4 ,= in/ance1 y  
make a c]ta9 effect1--x goes well4 ,y   
?9k y w make x a little m pron\nc$ next 
"t4 ,& s x goes on1 until be=e y "k x y 
h acquir$ a def9ite habit1 :i* ! critics
 w call a mann]ism & advise y to get rid
 (4 ,s ! arti/ has to be con/antly on ! 
wat*1 to gu>d aga9/ ^! incipi5t faults4 
,,brea?+ ,,ex]cises  ,ask$ :at k9d (    
brea?+ ex]cises %e us$1 ,mme4 ,ea/on    
cont9u$3 ,no d\bt ea* "o has h] own     
ex]cises = ! practice & tea*+ ( brea?   
control4 ,= myself1 ,i /& at ! op5 w9d[1

 = "o %\ld always brea! pure air1 & ,i  
inhale & exhale sl[ly1 a numb] ( times1 
till ,i feel my lungs are ?or\ghly cle> 
& fill$ ) fre% air4 ,!n ,i frequ5tly s+ 
tones directly aft] ^! long inhalations4
 ,a "o-octave scale1 sung sl[ly 9 "o    
brea?1 or at mo/ 9 two1 is an excell5t  
ex]cise4 ,y rememb] ,lilli ,lehmann's   
talks ab\t ! 'long scale'8 ,b ! way 9   
:i* %e uses x p]haps no "o b a ,lehmann 
c\ld imitate4 ,:at a wond]ful woman %e  
0--& is6 ,%e has su* a rem>kable        
physique1 & c endure any am\nt ( ef=t & 
fatigue4 ,e s+] :o hopes to make a      
success 9 any bran* ( ! musical         
pr(ession1 %\ld look aft] ! physical    
side1 & see t x is c>$ = & develop$4    
,,/udy ,,! ,,piano6  ,if a girl is fond 
( music1 let h] fir/ ( all /udy ! piano1
 = a k ( ! piano & its music is really  
at ! bottom ( ev]y?+4 ,if ,i h a ^w (   
advice to mo!rs1 x %\ld be3 ',let y\r   
*ild /udy ! piano4' ,all *ildr5 %\ld h  
?is opportunity1 :e!r !y greatly desire 
x or n4 ,! *ild :o e>ly beg9s to /udy ! 

piano1 w (t5--almo/ unconsci\sly--foll[ 
! melody %e plays ) h] voice4 ,?us !    
love ( song is awak5$ 9 h]1 & a little  
lat] x is discov]$ %e has a voice t is  
wor? cultivat+4 ,h[ _m ( our great s+]s 
began _! musical /udies fir/ at ! piano4
  ,on ! o!r h&1 ! girl ) a voice1 :o has
 nev] work$ at ! piano1 is greatly      
h&icapp$ f ! />t1 :5 %e beg9s h] vocal  
/udies4 ,z %e kn[s no?+ ( ! piano1      
ev]y?+ has to be play$ = h]1--%e c nev] 
be indep5d5t ( ! accompani/2 %e loses   
half ! pleasure ( kn[+ & do+ ?+s h]self4
   ,,full ,,or ,,half ,,voice  ,ask$ if 
%e us$ full or half voice = practice1   
,mme4 ,ea/on repli$3  ,i d n1 z a rule1 
use full voice :5 at "w4 ,b ?is         
admission1 if foll[$1 might prove       
injuri\s to ! "y s+]4 ,9 ! e>li] /ages (
 /udy1 "o %\ld use full voice1 = half   
voice might result 9 v faulty tone      
production4 ,! advanc$ s+]1 :o has pass$
 ! exp]im5tal /age c d _m ?+s ! novice  
may n attempt1 & ?is is "o ( !m4   ,,9  
,,reg>d ,,to ,,memoriz+  ,"h aga9 my    

p>ticul> me?od ( "w c h>dly be ( value  
to o!rs1 z ,i memorize ) great rapidity4
 ,x is no ef=t = me2 ,i seem to be able 
to visualize ! :ole "p4 ,music has      
always be5 v easy to rememb] & )        
suffici5t conc5tration ,i c soon make ! 
words my own4 ,i always conc5trate      
deeply on :at ,i am do+4 ,lately ,i 0   
ask$ to prep>e a lead+ rle 9 "o ( !     
season's new op]as1 to replace a s+] at 
%ort notice1 %\ld ?is be necess>y4 ,i   
did s & accompli%$ ! task 9 f\r days4   
,mr4 ,c>uso laugh+ly rem>k$ ,i mu/ h a  
cam]a 9 my head4 ,i "k my own p>ts1 bo? 
voice & accompanim5t4 ,9 le>n+ a song1  
,i commit bo? voice & words at ! same   
"t4   ,,feel+ ,,deeply ,,dur+ ,,p]=mance
  ,i feel ! mean+ ( ! music1 ! trag$y or
 com$y1 ! sadness or gayety ( x ea* "t  
,i p]=m x1 b n1 z a rule1 to ! ext5t (  
be+ entirely worn out ) emotion4 ,x     
dep5ds1 h[ev]1 on ! occasion4 ,if y are 
s++ 9 a =eign language1 :i* ! audi5ce   
does n und]/&1 y make e ef=t to 'put x  
ov]1' to make !m see :at y are try+ to  

tell !m4 ,y /rive to make ! song        
intelligible 9 "s way4 ,y may add facial
 expression & ge/ure1 m ?an y w\ld      
o!rwise d4 ,all ?is is m we>+ because ( 
! ef=t involv$4   ,,language  ,?is br+s 
u to ano!r po9t1 ! /udy ( languages4 ,! 
,italian s+s ne>ly all 8 rles 9 8 own   
tongue1 ) a few le>n$ 9 ,fr5*4 ,) !     
,fr5*man1 x is ! same3 he s+s 9 8 own   
tongue & le>ns "s p>ts 9 ,italian4 ,b we
 poor ,am]icans are =c$ to le>n our p>ts
 9 all ?ree languages4 ,?is1 ( itself1  
greatly adds to our difficulties4 ,we   
compla9 t ! ,am]ican s+s 8 own language 
s c>elessly4 ,an ,italian1 s++ 8 own    
language = 8 own p1 may n be any m      
c>eful ?an we are1 b he w make ,engli%1 
if he attempts x1 m intelligible ?an we 
d1 because he takes extra c>e to d s4 ,!
 duty is laid ^u ,am]icans to /udy o!r  
languages1 if !y expect to s+4 ,i "k h[ 
(t5 ?is /udy is neglect$ by ! /ud5t4 ,x 
is ano!r phase ( t ha/e to make "o's way
 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! "y /ud5t & s+]4  
,take1 = example1 ! girl 9 ! small t[n1 

:o is try+ to d some?+ ) h] voice4 ,%e  
believes if %e c get to ,new ,york1 or  
"s o!r music c5t]1 & h six mon?s'       
lessons ) "s well kn[n tea*]1 %e w em]ge
 a s+]4 ,%e comes & f9ds liv+ exp5ses s 
great t only "o lesson a week ) !       
pr(essor is possible4 ,!re is no *ance =
 language or diction /udy1 or piano     
lessons2 yet all ^! %e ought to h4 ,& "o
 vocal lesson a week is entirely        
inadequate4 ,! old way ( hav+ daily     
lessons 0 f> m successful4 ,! pres5t way
 vocal tea*]s give lessons is n         
conducive to ! be/ developm5t4 ,! pupils
 come 9 a hurry1 "o aft] ano!r1 to get  
_! fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes ( in/ruction4 
,yet "o _c blame ! tea*] = he mu/ live4 
,,! ,,ideal ,,way  ,! ideal way is to h 
sev]al lessons a week1 & n to take !m 9 
su* ha/e4 ,if ! pupil arrives1 & f9ds1  
on fir/ essay1 t h] voice is n 9 ! be/ (
 trim1 h[ mu* bett] to be able to wait a
 bit1 & try aga92 x might !n be all "r4 
,b1 z ,i said1 "u mod]n conditions1 ?is 
c\rse seems n to be possible1 = ! tea*] 

mu/ live4 ,if only vocal lessons c\ld be
 free1 at lea/ to ! tal5t$ ones6 ,x     
seems sad t a gift$ girl mu/ pay to le>n
 to s+1 :5 x is a v "p ( h]1 z mu* z !  
song ( ! bird4 ,ah1 if ,i _h pl5ty (    
money1 ,i w\ld see t _m ( !m %\ld h ?is 
privilege1 )\t always look+ at ! money  
end ( x4   ,,am\nt ,,( ,,daily          
,,practice  ,x seems to me ! "y s+] %\ld
 n practice m ?an two p]iods ( fifte5 or
 tw5ty m9utes ea*4 ,at mo/ "o %\ld n use
 ! voice m ?an an h\r a day4 ,we he> ( p
 practic+ h\rs & h\rs daily1 b t is     
probably 9 books4 ,! voice _c be treat$ 
z ! piani/ or viol9i/ does 8 f+]s4 ,"o  
mu/ h&le ! voice ) mu* m c>e4           
,,opportunities ,,= ,,! ,,"y ,,s+] ,,9  
,,am]ica  ,! *ances = ! ,am]ican s+] to 
make a c>e] 9 conc]t & recital are      
abundant4 ,9 no o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w d su* 
opportunities exi/4 ,if %e c meet !     
requirem5ts1 %e c w9 bo? fame & =tune on
 ! conc]t /age4  ,9 op]a1 on ! o!r h&1  
opportunities are few & ! outlook any?+ 
b hopeful4 ,e "y s+] ca/s long+ eyes at 

! ,metropolitan1 or ,*icago ,op]a1 z !  
goal ( all ambition4 ,b t is ! mo/      
hopeless notion ( all4 ,no matt] h[     
beautiful ! voice1 x is drill1 r\t9e1   
exp]i5ce "o ne$s4 ,)\t ^!1 plus musical 
reputation1 h[ is "o to succe$ 9 "o ( ! 
two op]a h\ses ( ! l&8 ,& ev5 if "o is  
accept$ '= small p>ts1' :at hope is !re 
( ris+1 :5 "s ( ! greate/ arti/s ( ! _w 
hold ! lead+ rles8 ,:at ! ,am]ican s+]  
ne$s is opportunity to ga9 exp]i5ce &   
reputation 9 small] places4 ,sev]al     
ye>s' drill & r\t9e w\ld fit ! aspirant 
= a mu* broad] field4 ,?is w\ld give h] 
comm& ov] h] res\rces & h]self1 & p]fect
 h] voice & imp]sonations1 if %e has !  
gifts & con/antly /udies to improve !m4 
,ev5 ,engl&1 s small comp>$ to ,am]ica1 
has sev5 op]a companies t travel up &   
d[n ! l&1 giv+ op]a2 !y h done ?is dur+ 
all ! ye>s ( ! w>4  ,?is "q ( provid+   
opportunity = op]atic exp]i5ce 9        
,am]ica1 is "o :i* has long be5 discuss$
 & _m exp]im5ts h be5 tri$1 )\t arriv+  
at satisfactory results4 ,:at is ne$$ is

 to awak5 int]e/ 9 op]a 9 small         
places--j little out-(-!-way t[ns4 ,my  
idea w\ld be to h a regul> /ock local   
op]a company1 & h ! /&>d op]as /udi$4 ,h
 a little or*e/ra ( ab\t tw5ty & a small
 *orus4 ,! small p>ts to be le>n$ by !  
mo/ compet5t s+]s 9 ! place4 ,!n h ! few
 pr9cipal rles tak5 by 'gue/ arti/s1' :o
 might make ^! engagem5ts 9 regul> r\te 
& succession4 ,x seems to me su* a plan 
c\ld be c>ri$ out1 & :at a joy x w\ld be
 to any small community6 ,b p mu/       
gradually awake to ?is ne$3 x w take "t4
     ,,xiv  ,,m>gu]ite ,d',,alv>ez  ,,! 
,,message ,,( ,,! ,,s+]   ,a great      
podium back$ ) gre51 rem9d+ "o ( a =e/ (
 palms2 dim lights ?r\gh ! va/          
auditorium2 a maje/ic1 black-rob$ figure
 /&+ alone among ! palms1 p\r+ out h]   
voice 9 song2 a voice at once vibrant1  
appeal+1 p[]ful1 fill$ n[ ) sweep+      
passion1 aga9 ) melt+ t5d]ness2 su* 0 ! 
/age sett+ = my fir/ impression ( ,mme4 
,m>gu]ite d',alv>ez1 & su* 7 "s ( !     
emotions %e convey$4  ,soon aft] ?is    

exp]i5ce1 ,i ask$ if ,i might h a       
p]sonal talk ) ! arti/ ^: s++ _h made   
su* a deep impression ^u me4 ,x 0 mo/   
graci\sly grant$1 & at ! appo9t$ h\r ,i 
f\nd myself 9 a *>m+ly appo9t$ yet v    
home-l salon1 *att+ ) ?is ,spani% lady f
 ,p]u1 :o speaks su* beautiful ,engli% &
 is c\rtesy itself4  ,?is "t x 0 n a    
somb]1 black-rob$ figure :o came =w>d s 
graci\sly to greet me1 = above a black  
sat9 walk+ skirt1 ,madame _h add$ a     
bl\se ( s(t creamy lace1 :i* reveal$ !  
r\nd$ curves ( neck & arms2 ! only      
ornam5t be+ a /r+ ( pe>ls ab\t ! full   
?roat4 ,lat] 9 our talk ,i v5tur$ to    
express my pref]5ce = creamy drap]ies   
in/ead ( black1 = ! conc]t room2 b ! s+]
 ?\ght o!rwise4 ,no1 %e said2 my g[n mu/
 be absolutely unobtrusive--negative4 ,i
 mu/ n use x to height5 effect1 or to   
attract ! audi5ce to me p]sonally4 ,p   
mu/ be drawn to me by :at ,i express1 by
 my art1 by :at ,i h to give !m4  ,b to 
beg9 at ! beg9n+4 ,9 answ] to my fir/   
"q1 ,:at mu/ "o d to become a s+]8      

,madame said3  ,illu/ration3 ,,m>gu]ite 
,d',,alv>ez  ,to become a s+]1 "o mu/ h 
a voice2 t is ( ! fir/ importance4 ,9   
h&l+ & tra9+ t voice1 brea?+ is p]haps !
 mo/ vital ?+ to be consid]$4 ,to "s    
brea? control seems to be second nature2
 o!rs mu/ toil = x4 ,) me x is          
intuition2 x has always be5 natural4    
,brea?+ is su* an individual ?+4 ,) ea* 
p]son x is diff]5t1 = no two p brea! 9 j
 ! same way1 :e!r natural or acquir$4 ,j
 z "o piani/ t\*es ! keys ( ! in/rum5t 9
 8 own peculi> way1 unlike ! ways ( all 
o!r piani/s4 ,= in/ance1 no two s+]s w  
deliv] ! op5+ phrase ( ',my he>t at ?y  
sweet voice1' f ,samson1 9 exactly !    
same way4 ,"o w exp5d a little m brea?  
on "s tones ?an on o!rs2 "o may s+ x    
s(t]1 ano!r l\d]4 ,inde$ h[ c two p ev] 
give out a phrase 9 ! same way1 :5 !y   
ea* feel x diff]5tly8 ,! great ?+ is to 
control ! managem5t ( ! brea? ?r\gh     
intellig5t /udy4 ,b alas1--) a pretty   
little deprecat+ ge/ure1--_m s+]s d n   
seem to use _! intellig5ce 9 ! "r way4  

,!y ne$ to /udy s _m ?+s besides        
vocalizes & a few songs4 ,!y ought to   
broad5 !mselves 9 e way4 ,!y %\ld "k    
books1 pictures1 sculpture1 act+1       
ar*itecture1--9 %ort ev]y?+ possible 9 !
 l9e ( art1 & ( life4 ,= all ^! ?+s w   
help !m to s+ m intellig5tly4 ,!y %\ld  
cultivate all ^! means (                
self-expression4 ,= myself1 ,i h _h a   
lib]al education 9 music--piano1 h>mony1
 !ory1 composition & k9dr$ subjects4 ,& 
!n ,i love & /udy art 9 all its =ms &   
manife/ations4  ,y\r fir/ recital 9 ,new
 ,york 0 a ri* & v>i$ fea/1 ,i rem>k$4  
,inde$ ,i feel ,i gave ! audi5ce too    
mu*2 !re 0 su* a weight ( mean+ to ea*  
song1 & s _m6 ,i _c s+ indiff]5t or     
sup]ficial songs4 ,i mu/ s+ ^? :i* mean 
mu*1 ei!r ( sadness or mir?1 passion or 
exaltation4 ,no "o kn[s 7:o has n be5   
?r\gh x7 :at x means to face a great    
audi5ce ( /rang]s1 kn[+ t some?+ 9 y mu/
 awake ^? p & draw !m t[>d y3 y mu/ b>e 
y\r v s\l to !m & br+ !irs to y1 9      
answ]+ response1 j by y\r voice4 ,x is a

 wond]ful ?+1 to br+ to masses ( p a    
message 9 ?is way4 ,i feel ?is /rongly1 
:5ev] ,i /& be=e a l>ge audi5ce1 t ) e  
note ,i s+ ,i am deliv]+ some?+ ( !     
,god-giv5 gift :i* has be5 grant$ to    
me--t ,i c d "s good to ea* "o :o he>s4 
,if !y d n c>e = me1 or if !y misund]/& 
my message1 !y may hate me--at fir/4 ,:5
 !y d und]/&1 !n !y adore me4           
,,s5tim5t ,,v]sus ,,temp]am5t  ,y c well
 believe x is f> m difficult to s+ a    
recital program ?an to d an op]atic rle4
 ,9 ! recital y are absolutely alone1 & 
entirely responsible = y\r effect on !  
audi5ce4 ,y mu/ be able to express e    
v>iety ( emotion & feel+1 mu/ make !m   
realize ! diff]5ce betwe5 sorr[ &       
happ9ess1 rev5ge or disda92 9 %ort1 make
 !m1 = ! mom5t1 exp]i5ce ^! ?+s4 ,!     
arti/ :o c be/ vivify ^! v>y+ emotions  
mu/ h temp]am5t4 ,on ! piano1 y may he> 
play]s :o express s5tim5t1 feel+1 f9e   
discrim9ation 9 tone color & %ad+2 b    
comp>atively few possess real temp]am5t4
 ,!re is great diff]5ce betwe5 t quality

 & s5tim5t4 ,! "o c be le>n$1 to a c]ta9
 ext5t2 b temp]am5t is "o's v life &    
s\l1 & is b\nd to sweep ev]y?+ be=e x4  
,( ?is "o ?+ ,i am v sure2 ! s+] _c     
express all ^! emotions )\t feel+ !m to 
! full dur+ p]=mance4 ,i always feel e  
phrase ,i s+--live x4 ,t is :y1 aft] a  
long & exhau/+ program1 ,i am p]fectly  
limp & sp5t4 ,= ,i h giv5 all t 0 9 me4 
,fri5ds ( ,s>a ,b]nh>dt say t aft] a    
p]=mance1 !y w\ld f9d h] /ret*$ prone on
 a c\* 9 h] dress+ room1 sc>cely able to
 move or speak4 ,! /ra9 ( a public      
appe>ance1 :5 "o gives "o's he>t's      
blood1 is beyond words2 & ,madame's     
upturn$ face & expressive ge/ure d5ot$  
h[ ke5ly alive %e 0 to ?is exp]i5ce4    
,aft] a little pause1 ,i said3 ,let u   
come d[n to e>?1 :ile y tell me j h[ y  
/udy4 ,no d\bt y d "s daily te*nical    
practice4   ,,massage ,,! ,,voice  ,oh1 
yes1 te*nic is mo/ important2 "o c d    
no?+ )\t x4 ,:5 ,i beg9 to /udy 9 !     
morn+1 ,i give ! voice :at ,i call a    
massage4 ,"o's voice _c be driv51 x mu/ 

be coax$1 entic$4 ,?is massage consi/s (
 humm+ ex]cises1 ) clos$ lips4 ,humm+ is
 ! sun%9e ( ! voice4 ,! s+] illu/rat$ ! 
idea ) a %ort musical figure1 consi/+ ( 
?ree consecutive tones ( ! diatonic     
scale1 asc5d+ & desc5d+ sev]al times2 on
 ea* repetition ! phrase began on ! next
 high] note ( ! scale4 ,y see1 %e       
cont9u$1 ?is little ex]cise br+s ! tone 
fully =w>d4 ,z y feel ! vibration1 x    
%\ld be directly betwe5 ! eyes4  ,n[1   
aft] y h coax$ ! voice =w>d 9 ?is way1 &
 !n op5$ y\r lips to s+ a full tone1 ?is
 tone %\ld1 inde$ mu/1 be "r 9 ! same   
place :]e ! humm+ tones 71--x _c be     
any:]e else4 ,madame illu/rat$ aga91    
fir/ humm+ on "o tone1 !n lett+ x out ) 
full resonance1 us+ ! v[el ,ah1 :i*     
melt$ into ,o1 & lat] *ang$ into ,u1 z !
 tone di$ away4 ,?is vibration 9 ! voice
 %\ld n be conf\nd$ ) a tremolo1 :i* is1
 ( c\rse1 v undesirable4 ,a voice )\t   
vibrato1 w\ld be cold & dead1           
expressionless4 ,!re mu/ be ?is puls+   
quality 9 ! tone1 :i* c>ries waves (    

feel+ on x4  ,?us ! s+] entices ! voice 
to come =w>d & out1 nev] treat+ x r\ghly
 or h>%ly1 nev] =c+ or /ra9+ x4 ,take   
pleasure 9 e tone y make2 ) pati5ce &   
pleasure mu* is accompli%$4 ,i c\ld n   
give y a m useful tip ?an ?is4  ,w y    
tell me h[ y le>n a song8 %e 0 ask$4  ,i
 fir/ read ov] ! text & get a good idea 
( its mean+4 ,:5 ,i beg9 to /udy ! song1
 ,i nev] sep>ate ! music f ! words1 b   
le>n bo? toge!r4 ,i play ! piano (      
c\rse1 & ?us c get a good idea ( !      
accompanim5t1 & ( ! :ole ensemble4  ,i  
feel s /rongly t real art1 ! highe/ art1
 is = ^? :o truly und]/& x & its        
mission4 ,a dream ( m9e is "o day to    
f\nd a s*ool ( true art4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ?is  
s*ool %all be on a high plane ( ?\ght4  
,! in/ructors %all be gift$ !mselves & h
 only l(ty ideals4 ,& x w be su* a      
happ9ess to wat* ! developm5t ( tal5t   
:i* may blossom into g5ius ?r\gh hav+ ! 
"r nurture4 ,i %all wat* ?is "w f a     
di/ance1 = ,i might be too anxi\s if ,i 
all[$ myself to be 9 ! mid/ ( ! "w4 ,b  

?is is my dream1 & ,i hope x w "o day   
come true4     ,,xv  ,,m>ia ,,b>ri5tos  
,,be ,,y\r ,,own ,,critic   ,x is (t5   
rem>k$ t ! _w has gr[n f> away f        
coloratura s++2 t :at we want to-day is 
! s++ actor1 ! dramatic s+]1 :o c       
portray passion--te> x to tatt]s if ne$ 
be--b at lea/ ?r[ into voice ge/ure &   
action all ! conflict+ emotions :i*     
arise :5 depict+ a mod]n dramatic "*4 ,x
 is said1 ) mu* tru?1 compos]s d n write
 coloratura p>ts 9 ^! days1 s9ce        
audi5ces d n c>e to li/5 to s+]s :o /& 9
 ! middle ( ! /age1 m]ely to s+         
beautiful arias & tonal embroid]ies4    
,!re=e !re are v few coloratura s+]s at 
pres5t1 s9ce _! opportunities are s     
limit$4  ,to ! la/ objection x c be     
answ]$ t audi5ces d /ill flock to he> a 
great coloratura arti/1 = !y "k !y w he>
 pure1 beautiful melodies :5 !y li/5 to 
! old ,italian op]as4 ,& melody proves  
to be a magnet e "t2 x always t\*es !   
he>t4  ,aga91 ! coloratura s+] is n     
oblig$ to /& 9 ! middle ( ! /age1 :ile  

%e w>bles beautiful tones1 ) seem+ly    
little reg>d = ! rle %e is enact+4 ,!   
coloratura s+]1 :o is an arti/1 c act z 
well z s+4 ,tetrazz9i1 z %e moves ab\t !
 room1 greet+ h] gue/s1 z %e does 9     
,traviata or ,lucia1 c at ! same "t keep
 "r on ) h] florid song1 prov+ %e c ?9k 
( bo? arts at once4  ,x is q true !re   
are n _m coloratura s+]s ( ! fir/ rank  
to-day4 ,:5 y h m5tion$ ,galli-,curci1  
,tetrazz9i1 ,b>ri5tos1 & ,fri$a         
,hempel--! la/ is bo? lyric &           
coloratura--y h nam$ all ! great ones :o
 are kn[n to u "h 9 ,am]ica4 ,!re are a 
c\ple ( y\ng] arti/s1 ,g>rison &        
,macbe?1 :o are rapidly ga9+ ! exp]i5ce 
:i* w "o day place !m 9 ! *>m$ circle4  
,illu/ration3 ,,m>ia ,,b>ri5tos         
,consid] = an in/ant ! ?ree fir/ nam$   
s+]s4 ,!y /& at ! v top ( _! pr(ession2 
!y are ea* & all great 9 _! *os5 l9e1 to
 :i* !y are fitt$ by reason ( _! special
 vocal gifts4 ,yet h[ absolutely diff]5t
 is ea* f ! o!r6 ,!y _c ev5 be comp>$4  
,!y all s+ ! great florid arias1 b ea* )

 h] own peculi> timbre ( voice1 h]      
individual nuance & mann] ( expression4 
,& x is well ?is %\ld be s4 ,we w\ld n h
 all coloratura s++ ( ! same patt]n (   
sam5ess or quality1 = we f9d uni=mity is
 monoton\s4 ,!re is "o peculi> mode (   
ma/]y = ,galli-,curci1 ano!r =          
,tetrazz9i1 /ill ano!r = ,b>ri5tos2 ea* 
9 h] p>ticul> g5re is unique1 ap>t4     
,p]haps ?is is especially ! case ) !    
,spani% prima donna1 ,b>ri5tos1 :o has =
 sev]al ye>s pa/ come to ! ,metropolitan
 = "p ( ! season4 ,%e lives v           
quietly--almo/ 9 seclusion--9 ! great   
city1 keep+ v mu* to h]self1 ) h] "m & !
 memb]s ( h] h\sehold1 & does n c>e to h
 ! simple r\t9e %e plans = h]self       
int]rupt$ by any outside dem&s on h]    
cr[d$ days4  ,?us x happ5s t v few come 
face to face ) ! ,spani% arti/ except h]
 p]sonal fri5ds4 ,b once 9 a :ile %e    
breaks ! /rict rule1 & w cons5t to speak
 ) a s]i\s que/ion] ab\t h] mann] (     
/udy1 h[ %e happ5$ to take up a musical 
c>e]1 also "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( h]      

c\ntry1 its p & its musical art4  ,z h] 
own art ( song is mo/ delicate & pure1 z
 h] in/rum5t is ! mo/ fragile & e!real (
 any ( ! voices ( h] class1 s ! s+]     
h]self is ( slight & delicate physique4 
,h] oval face1 ) its l>ge lum9\s eyes1  
has a *>m m pron\nc$ ?an :5 se5 on ! o!r
 side ( ! footlights4 ,h] mann] is      
simple & s9c]e1 9 common ) t ( all great
 arti/s4  ,al?\gh ,i always lov$ s++1 ,i
 nev] expect$ to become a s+]1 began    
,mme4 ,b>ri5tos1 z we 7 seat$ on a      
com=table divan 9 h] arti/ic music room4
 ,z a v "y girl1 h>dly m ?an a *ild1 my 
heal? became delicate4 ,i _h be5 work+ v
 h>d at ! ,royal ,cons]vatory ( ,music1 
9 ,b>celona1 my native city1 /udy+      
piano1 viol9 & !ory1 also composition4  
,i 0 always a delicate *ild1 & ! close  
application requir$ = ^! /udies 0 too   
mu* = me4 ,s++ 0 prescrib$ 9 ord] to    
develop my *e/ & physique2 ,i took x up 
z a means ( heal? & p]sonal pleasure1   
)\t ! slighte/ idea to :at x might lead4
  ,y speak ( ! responsibility ( *oos+ a 

good & reliable vocal in/ructor4 ,?is is
 inde$ a difficult task1 because ea*    
tea*] is fully p]suad$ t 8 me?od is !   
only correct "o4 ,b !re are s _m tea*]s1
 & "s ( !m d n ev5 s+ !mselves at all4  
,c y imag9e a vocal tea*] :o _c s+      
himself1 :o is s to say voiceless1      
unable to demon/rate :at he tea*es8 ,a  
piano or viol9 tea*] mu/ play 8         
in/rum5t1 or he w n be able to %[ !     
pupils h[ x ought to be done4 ,b ! vocal
 tea*] ?9ks to in/ruct )\t demon/rat+   
:at he is try+ to imp>t4   ,,beg9n+     
,,vocal ,,/udy ,,) ,,op]a  ,s ,i did n  
beg9 my /udies ) a regul> vocal tea*]1 b
 ) a dilettante--,i d n "k j h[ y say t 
9 ,engli%4 ,?is g5tleman 0 n a          
pr(essional2 he 0 a bus9ess man :o at ! 
same "t 0 a good musician4 ,in/ead (    
/>t+ me ) a lot ( scales & ex]cises1 we 
began at once ) ! op]as4 ,i 0 twelve    
ye>s old :5 ,i began1 & aft] "o ye> (   
?is k9d ( /udy1 made my db 9 ! rle (    
,inez1 9 ,l',africa9e4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,i  
lo/ my k9d in/ructor1 :o pass$ away4 ,i 

!n work$ by myself until ,i 0 sixte51 :5
 ,i began to /udy te*nic sy/ematically4 
,z y see1 !n1 ,i am practically         
self-taught4 ,x seems to me1 if "o has  
voice & intellig5ce1 "o c & %\ld be "o's
 own tea*]4 ,no "o else c d z mu* = y z 
y c d = y\rself4 ,y c tell :at !        
s5sations are1 :at p>ts are relax$ & :at
 p>ts are firm1 bett] ?an any "o else4  
,y c li/5 & "w on tone quality until x  
rea*es ! effect y desire4 ,i d n neglect
 vocal te*nic n[1 = ,i "k its value4 ,i 
d ab\t ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r te*nical    
practice e day--scales & ex]cises4      
,,memoriz+  ,i memorize v easily2 x only
 takes a few weeks to le>n an op]atic   
rle4 ,i sp5t ?ree weeks on ,coq d',or1 &
 t is a difficult "p1 s _m half tones & 
accid5tals4 ,b ,i love t music1 x is s  
beautiful2 x is "o ( my favorite rles4  
,"s p>ts are long] & m difficult ?an    
o!rs4 ,( c\rse ,i "k mo/ ( ! ,italian   
op]as & _m ,fr5* ones4 ,i %\ld l to s+  
,mireille & ,lakm "h1 b ! ,director may 
wi% to put on o!r works in/ead4         

,,spani% ,,op]a  ,yes1 we h native op]a 
9 ,spa91 b ! works ( our op]atic        
compos]s are little kn[n 9 o!r l&s4 ,!  
,spani% p are clanni%1 y see1 & seem to 
lack ! ambition to travel abroad to make
 _! art kn[n to o!rs2 !y are satisfi$ to
 make x kn[n to _! own p4 ,casals &     
,i--we are p]haps ! ones :o regul>ly    
visit y1 ?\gh y h sev]al ,spani% s+]s 9 
! op]a :o reside "h p]man5tly4  ,z =    
,spani% compos]s ( in/rum5tal music1 y  
are "h some:at famili> ) ! names (      
,grovelez & ,alb5iz2 ,granados y "k     
also1 bo? 8 op]a1 ,goyescas1 :i* 0 p]=m$
 at ! ,metropolitan1 & 8 p]sonality4 ,he
 came to ,am]ica to witness ! premi] ( 8
 op]a1 & :ile "h prov$ he 0 a mo/       
excell5t piani/ z well z a compos] (    
high m]it1 :i* fact 0 reveal$ 9 8 piano 
& vocal compositions4 ,! ,am]ican p 7   
mo/ k9d & appreciative to him4 ,:5 !    
disa/] came & he 0 lo/ at sea1 !        
te/imonial !y s5t 8 orphan$ *ildr5 0 a  
goodly sum1 ?\gh ,i h>dly ?9k ! *ildr5  
appreciat$ y\r goodness4  ,among !      

compos]s 9 ,spa9 :o h turn$ _! gifts    
t[>d op]atic *annels ,i c m5tion        
,p$rell1 ,morea1 ,falla1 ,vives &       
,breton4 ,vives is n[ writ+ an op]a =   
me1 entitl$ ,abanico4 ,gradually1 no    
d\bt1 ! music ( our c\ntry1 especially  
its op]a1 w f9d its way to o!r l&s4 ,ev5
 9 ,engl&1 ,i am told1 ,spani% music is 
v little kn[n2 our _m di/+ui%$ mod]n    
musicians are h>dly ev5 names4 ,( c\rse 
! _w kn[s our ,toreador songs1 our      
ca/anet dances1 & ! l2 p]haps !y ?9k we 
h little or no s]i\s music1 because x is
 /ill unkn[n4 ,spani% music is peculi>  
to ! c\ntry2 x is p]meat$ ) ! national  
_s & feel+4  ,ask$ if %e w\ld s+ 9 ,s\? 
,am]ica dur+ ! vacation1 ! s+] answ]$3  
,i h sung !re ) great success4 ,b ,i    
%all n be able to g !re ?is summ]4 ,my  
little boy has be5 plac$ 9 a s*ool 9    
,france2 x is ! fir/ "t we h be5        
sep>at$1 & x has be5 v h>d = me to h !  
ocean betwe5 u4 ,i %all s+ at ,atlanta1 
! fir/ week ( ,may1 & !n sail ! middle (
 ! mon? = ,france4 ,yes1 inde$1 ,i hope 

to return to ,am]ica next season4  ,i   
tru/ y h be5 able to und]/& my poor     
,engli%1 %e said smil+1 z %e p>t$ ) h]  
visitor2 we speak sev]al languages "h 9 
my home--,spani% ) my "m & fri5ds1 ,fr5*
 & ,italian ) o!rs 9 ! h\sehold4 ,b !re 
seems little necessity = us+ ,engli%1   
ev5 ?\gh ,i am liv+ 9 ! he>t ( !        
metropolis4 ,p]haps next ye>1 ,i %all   
ma/] y\r language bett]4  ,& ! picture (
 h]1 z %e /ood 9 h] arti/ic1 home-l     
salon1 ) its lights1 its pictures &     
fl[]s1 is ev5 m la/+ ?an any to be      
rememb]$ on ! op]atic /age4     ,,xvi   
,,claudia ,,muzio  ,a ,,*ild ,,( ,,!    
,,op]a  ,illu/ration3 ,,claudia ,,muzio 
,9 tales ( romance "o reads sometimes ( 
a gift$ girl :o lives 9 a musical       
atmosph]e all h] life1 imbib+ arti/ic   
influ5ces z naturally & almo/ z         
unconsci\sly z ! air %e brea!s4 ,at ! "r
 mom5t1 %e sudd5ly comes out into !     
light & blossoms into a full fl$g$ s+]1 
to ! surprise & wond] ( all h] fri5ds4  
,or %e is br\ght up beh9d ! sc5es 9 "s  

great ,op]a ,h\se ( ! _w1 :]e1 all      
unnotic$ by h] eld]s1 %e lives 9 a dream
 _w ( h] own1 peopl$ by ! v>i\s *>act]s 
9 ! op]as to :i* %e daily li/5s4 ,%e    
wat*es ! /age s closely & con/antly t %e
 unconsci\sly commits ! rles ( ! h]o9es 
%e mo/ admires1 to memory4 ,%e kn[s :at 
!y s+1 h[ !y act ! v>i\s p>ts1 h[ !y    
imp]sonate ! *>act]s4 ,aga91 at ! "r    
mom5t1 ! lead+ prima donna is indispos$1
 !re is no "o to take h] place2 manag]  
is 9 despair1 :5 ! slip ( a girl1 :o is 
kn[n to h a voice1 b has nev] sung 9    
op]a1 (f]s to g on 9 place ( ! abs5t "o4
 ,%e is f9ally p]mitt$ to d s2 result1 a
 popul> success4  ,"s pages ( ,claudia  
,muzio's musical /ory read l ! romantic 
exp]i5ces ( a novel-h]o9e4 ,%e1 too1 0  
br\ght up 9 great op]a h\ses1 & x seem$ 
natural1 t 9 due c\rse ( "t1 %e %\ld    
come into h] own1 9 ! greate/ lyric !at]
 ( ! l& ( h] adoption4  ,:5 %e return$  
to ,am]ica1 a c\ple ( ye>s ago1 aft]    
ga9+ exp]i5ce 9 ,europe1 %e arriv$ t[>d 
! end ( ! season prec$+ h] s*$ul$ db "h1

 to prep>e h]self m fully = ! com+      
appe>ance await+ h]4  ,i 0 ask$ to meet 
& talk ) ! "y s+]1 to asc]ta9 h] mann] (
 /udy1 & "s ( h] ideas reg>d+ ! "w :i*  
lay be=e h]4         99       99        
99       99       99  ,x 0 always my    
dream to s+ at ! ,metropolitan1 & my    
dream has come true4  ,claudia ,muzio   
said ! words ) h] brilliant smile1 z h] 
great s(t d>k eyes gaz$ lum9\sly at !   
visitor4  ,! day 0 cold & dre>y )\t1 b !
 s+]'s ap>tm5t 0 ( tropical w>m?4 ,a    
great b[l ( violets on ! piano exhal$   
delici\s fragrance2 ! "y ,italian 9 !   
bloom ( h] ori5tal beauty1 seem$ l "s   
luxuriant tropical blossom h]self4      
,claudia ,muzio1 :o 0 j ab\t to take h] 
place among ! p]sonnel ( !              
,metropolitan1 is truly to ! mann]      
born1--a real *ild ( ! op]a4 ,%e has    
liv$ 9 op]a all h] life1 has imbib$ !   
op]atic atmosph]e f h] e>lie/           
remembrance4 ,x mu/ be z necess>y = a   
s+] :o aspires to fill a high place 9   
?is field ( arti/ic endeavor1 to live   

amid cong5ial surr\nd+s1 z = a piani/1  
viol9i/ or compos] to be environ$ by    
musical influ5ces4  ,yes1 ,i am an      
,italian1 %e began1 = ,i 0 born 9       
,italy2 b :5 ,i 0 two ye>s old ,i 0 tak5
 to ,london1 & my *ildhood 0 pass$ 9 t  
great city4 ,my fa!r 0 /age manag] at   
,cov5t ,g>d51 & has also held ! same po/
 at ! ,manhattan & ,metropolitan ,op]a  
,h\ses 9 ,new ,york4 ,s ,i h gr[n up 9 !
 !at]4 ,i h always li/5$ to op]a--daily1
 & my *ildi% imag9ation 0 fir$ by see+ !
 art ( ! great s+]s4 ,i always hop$ ,i  
%\ld "o day become a s+]1 s ,i always   
wat*$ ! arti/s 9 action1 not+ h[ !y did 
ev]y?+4 ,z a result1 ,i d n n[ h to /udy
 act+ z a sep>ate bran* ( ! "w1 = act+  
comes to me naturally4 ,i am v          
temp]am5tal2 ,i feel intuitively h[ !   
rle %\ld be enact$4  ,all t9y *ildr5    
le>n to s+ little songs1 & ,i 0 no      
exception4 ,i acquir$ q a numb]1 & at ! 
age ( six1 exhibit$ my accompli%m5ts at 
a little recital4 ,b ,i nev] _h s++     
lessons until ,i began to /udy s]i\sly  

at ab\t ! age ( sixte54 ,al?\gh ,i did n
 /udy ! voice till ,i rea*$ t age1 ,i 0 
always occupi$ ) music1 = ,i le>n$ z a  
little girl to play bo? h>p & piano4    
,we liv$ 9 ,london1 ( :i* city ,i am v  
fond1 f ! "t ,i 0 two1 till ,i 0 f\rte51
 !n we came to ,am]ica4 ,aft] resid+ "h 
a c\ple ( ye>s1 x 0 decid$ ,i %\ld make 
a c>e]1 & we w5t to ,italy4 ,i 0 tak5 to
 ,madame ,anna ,casaloni at ,tur9o4 ,%e 
0 q eld]ly at t "t1 b %e _h be5 a great 
s+]4 ,:5 %e tri$ my voice1 %e told me x 
0 q prop]ly plac$--s ,i _h none ( t     
drudg]y to g ?r\gh4  ,at fir/ my voice 0
 a v light soprano1 h>dly yet a         
coloratura4 ,x became s a little lat]1  
h[ev]1 & !n gradually develop$ into a   
dramatic soprano4 ,i am v happy ab\t ?is
 fact1 = ,i love to portray te>s z well 
z laught]--sorr[ & trag$y z well z      
lightness & gayety4 ,! coloratura mann] 
( s++ is all delicacy & lightness1 & "o 
_c express deep emotion 9 ?is way4  ,we 
subsequ5tly w5t to ,milano1 :]e ,i /udi$
 ) ,madame ,viviani1 a soprano :o _h    

enjoy$ great success on ! op]atic /age4 
,aft] sev]al ye>s ( s]i\s /udy ,i 0     
ready to beg9 my c>e]4 ,s ,i sang 9     
,milan & o!r ,italian cities1 !n at     
,cov5t ,g>d51 & n[ ,i am 9 !            
,metropolitan4 ,9 ,italy ,i creat$ ! rle
 ( ,fiora 9 ,amore del tre ,re1 & sang )
 ,f]r>i-,fontana4 ,i also creat$        
,francesca 9 ,francesca da ,rim9i1 "u   
its compos]1 ,z&onai4 ,i h a rep]toire (
 ab\t ?irty op]as1 & am ( c\rse add+ to 
x con/antly1 z "o mu/ "k _m m ?an ?irty 
rles4 ,s9ce com+ to ,new ,york1 ,i h    
le>n$ ,ada1 :i* ,i did n "k be=e1 & h   
already appe>$ 9 x4 ,x 0 le>n$ ?or\ghly 
9 eight days4 ,n[ ,i am at "w on ,madame
 ,butt]fly4   ,,te*nical ,,practice  ,i 
"w regul>ly e morn+ on vocal te*nic4 ,n 
necess>ily a :ole h\r at a /ret*1 z "s  
d2 b z mu* "t z ,i feel ,i ne$4 ,i give 
practically my :ole day to /udy1 s t ,i 
c make frequ5t %ort pauses 9 te*nical   
practice4 ,if te*nic is /udi$ ) complete
 conc5tration & vigor1 z x always %\ld  
be1 x is mu* m fatigu+ ?an s++ an op]a  

rle4  ,y ask ab\t ! special =ms (       
ex]cises ,i use4 ,i s+ all ! scales1 "o 
octave ea*--once sl[ & once fa/--all 9  
"o brea?4 ,!n ,i s+ triplets on ea*     
tone1 z _m z ,i c 9 "o brea?4 ,i c s+   
ab\t fifte5 n[1 b ,i %all d\btless      
increase ! numb]4 ,= all ^! ,i use full 
p[] ( tone4 ,ano!r =m ( ex]cise is to   
take "o tone s(tly1 !n g to ! octave    
above1 :i* tone is also sung s(tly1 b   
!re is a l>ge cresc5do made betwe5 ! two
 s(t tones4 ,my compass is ?ree         
octaves--f ,c bel[ middle ,c1 to two    
octaves above t po9t4 ,i also h ,c %>p1 
b ,i d n practice x1 = ,i "k ,i c rea* x
 if ,i ne$ x1 & ,i save my voice4 ,nei!r
 d ,i "w on ! f9al tones ( ! l[e/       
octave1 = ! same reason--to pres]ve !   
voice4   ,,brea? ,,control  ,e s+] kn[s 
h[ important is ! managem5t ( ! brea?4  
,i always hold ! *e/ up1 tak+ z long    
brea?s z ,i c conv5i5tly d4 ,! p[] to   
hold ! brea?1 & s+ m & m tones ) "o     
brea?1 gr[s ) c>eful1 intellig5t        
practice4 ,!re are no rules ab\t ! numb]

 ( phrases y c s+ ) a s+le brea?4 ,a    
tea*] w tell y2 if y c s+ two phrases ) 
"o brea?1 d s2 if n1 take brea? betwe54 
,x all re/s ) ! s+]4   ,,memoriz+  ,i   
le>n words & music ( a rle at ! same "t1
 = "o helps ! o!r4 ,:5 ,i h ma/]$ a rle1
 ,i "k x absolutely1 words1 music &     
accompanim5t4 ,i c always play my       
accompanim5ts1 = ,i und]/& ! piano4 ,i  
am always at "w on rep]toire1 ev5 at    
night4 ,i don't seem to ne$ v mu* sleep1
 ,i ?9k1 & ,i (t5 memorize dur+ ! night2
 t is su* a good "t to "w1 = all is s   
quiet & /ill4 ,i lie awake ?9k+ ( !     
music1 & 9 ?is way ,i le>n x4 ,or1      
p]haps x le>ns itself4 ,= :5 ,i retire !
 music is n yet ma/]$1 n yet my own1 b  
:5 morn+ comes ,i really "k x4  ,( c\rse
 ,i mu/ "k ! words ) great exactness1   
especially 9 songs4 ,i %all d ,engli%   
songs 9 my com+ song recital "w1 & !    
words & diction mu/ be p]fect1 or p w   
criticize my ,engli%4 ,i always write   
out ! words ( my rles1 s z to be sure ,i
 und]/& !m & h !m correctly memoriz$4   

,,keep+ ,,up ,,rep]toire  ,mo/ s+]s1 ,i 
believe1 ne$ a c\ple ( days--sometimes  
long]--9 :i* to review a rle4 ,i nev]   
use ! notes or score :5 go+ ov] a "p 9  
:i* ,i h appe>$1 = ,i "k !m absolutely1 
s !re is no occasion to use ! notes4    
,o!r s+]s appe> frequ5tly at rehe>sal ) 
_! books1 b ,i nev] take m9e4 ,my       
intimate k ( score1 :5 ,i assi/$ my fa!r
 9 tak+ *>ge ( op]atic scores1 is always
 a great help to me4 ,i us$ to take *>ge
 ( all ! scores = him1 & knew all !     
cuts1 *anges & j h[ !y 7 to be us$4 ,!  
s+]s !mselves (t5 came to me = /age     
directions ab\t _! p>ts1 kn[+ ,i _h ?is 
exp]i5ce4  ,yes1 z y sugge/1 ,i c\ld s+ 
"h 9 w9t]1 !n 9 ,s\? ,am]ica 9 summ]4   
7,miss ,muzio accompli%$ ?is rec5tly1 ) 
di/+ui%$ success & _h _m ?rill+         
adv5tures incid5t to travel47 ,?is w\ld 
mean ,i w\ld h no summ] at all1 = t     
season ) !m is cold] ?an we h x "h4 ,no1
 ,i want my summ] = re/ & /udy4 ,dur+ ! 
season at ! ,metropolitan ,i give up    
ev]y?+ = my art4 ,i refuse all society &

 ! _m invitations ,i receive to be gue/ 
( honor "h & !re4 ,i rema9 quietly at   
home1 /eadfa/ly at "w4 ,my art means    
ev]y?+ to me1 & ,i mu/ keep myself 9 !  
be/ condition possible1 to be ready :5 !
 call comes to s+4 ,"o _c d bo?1 y "k2  
art & society d n mix well4 ,i h nev]   
disappo9t$ an audi5ce2 x w\ld be a great
 calamity to be oblig$ to d s4          
,,xvii  ,,edw>d ,,johnson  7,,ed\>do    
,,di ,,giovanni7  ,,! ,,evoluton ,,(    
,,an ,,op]a ,,/>   ,! /ory ( ,edw>d     
,johnson's musical developm5t %\ld prove
 an inc5tive1 nay m1 a beacon light     
along ! pa? ( consi/5t progress t[>d !  
goal ( vocal & op]atic a*ievem5t4 ,inde$
 z a t9y *ild he mu/ h _h ! desire to   
become a s+]4 ,a fri5d speaks ( musical 
proclivities :i* began to %[ !mselves at
 an e>ly age1 & describes visits ( !    
*ild to _! home1 :]e1 9 a little ,"l    
,fauntl]oy suit1 he w\ld /& up be=e !m  
all & s+ a :ole recital ( little songs1 
to ! delight ( all 8 relatives4 ,! s+]'s
 progress1 f ! musical *ild on & up to t

 ( an op]atic arti/1 has be5 rational & 
heal?y1 ) no?+ hectic or ov]wr\ght ab\t 
x2 a con/ant1 gradual asc5t ( ! m\nta94 
,& :ile an enviable vantage gr\nd has   
be5 rea*$1 su* an arti/ mu/ feel !re are
 yet o!r heights to conqu]4 ,= ev5      
excell5ce1 already a*iev$1 requires     
con/ant ef=t to be held at high wat]    
m>k4 ,& ! desire = great] p]fection1 :i*
 e true arti/ mu/ feel1 is a nev]-end+  
urge to cont9u$ /ruggle4  ,9 a rec5t    
conv]sation ) ! t5or1 ,mr4 ,johnson     
spoke ( e>ly days1 :5 he desir$ above   
ev]y?+ else to become a musician & foll[
 a musical c>e]1 ?\gh 8 family expect$  
him to ent] ! bus9ess _w4 ,he came to   
,new ,york to look ! gr\nd ov]1 hop+ !re
 might be opportunity to cont9ue 8      
/udies & make 8 way at ! same "t4 ,he 0 
=tunate en\gh to secure a *ur* position1
 & sang subsequ5tly 9 "s ( ! be/ ,new   
,york & ,brooklyn *ur*es4 ,aft] ?is     
p]iod he did mu* conc]t "w1 t\r+ ?r\gh !
 ,middle ,we/ ) ! ,*icago ,symphony     
,or*e/ra & s++ 9 _m ,music ,fe/ivals    

?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4  ,illu/ration3 ,edw>d 
,johnson  ,b *ur* & conc]t s++ did n    
entirely satisfy2 he long$ to try 8 h&  
at op]a1--9 %ort to make an op]atic     
c>e]4 ,he 0 well aw>e t he w\ld n f9d   
?is field nor ga9 ! necess>y exp]i5ce 9 
,am]ica2 he mu/ g to ,italy1 ! l& (     
song1 to ga9 ! requir$ tra9+ & exp]i5ce4
 ,he 0 also fully aw>e ( ! fact t !re 0 
pl5ty ( h>d "w1 & probably _m           
disappo9tm5ts be=e him1 b he did n %r9k 
f ei!r4  ,=tunately1 ,i h a fund (      
humor1 he said1 & !re 0 a tw9kle 9 8 eye
 z he spoke4 ,x is a sav+ grace1 z y    
say2 )\t x ,i believe ,i %\ld h _m times
 giv5 up 9 %e] despair4  ,mr4 ,johnson  
w5t to ,italy 9 #aiji1 beg9n+ at once 8 
/udies ) ,lomb>di1 9 ,flor5ce4 ,9 ! t5  
ye>s ( 8 abs5ce f 8 home l& he has built
 up a reputation & made a c>e] 9 ! great
 op]atic c5t]s ( ,italy1 ,spa9 & ,s\?   
,am]ica4 ,aft] 8 db 9 ,padua1 he became 
lead+ t5or at ,la ,scala1 ,milan1 = five
 consecutive seasons4 ,9 ,rome he sp5t  
f\r seasons at ! ,co/anzi ,!at]1 9 !    

meantime mak+ two visits to ! ,colon    
,!at]1 ,bu5os ,aires1 & fill+ engagem5ts
 9 ,madrid1 ,bologna1 ,flor5ce & ,g5oa4 
,h[ c\ld ,i /ay away f ,am]ica = su* a  
l5g? ( "t8 y ask4 ,= v>i\s reasons4 ,i 0
 gett+ :at ,i _h come to ,italy =1      
exp]i5ce & reputation4 ,i 0 com=table & 
happy 9 my "w4 ,i lov$ ! beautiful      
c\ntry1 & ! life suit$ me4 ,! p 7 k9d4  
,i _h my own home 9 ,flor5ce1 :i* is    
/ill !re & to :i* ,i c return :5 my     
season is ov] "h4 ,be/ ( all ,i _h !    
opportunity ( creat+ all ! new t5or rles
 9 ! rec5t op]as ( ,pucc9i1 ,montemezzi1
 ,pizzetti & ,gratico4 ,i also creat$ ! 
rle ( ,p>sifal 9 ,italian1 & ! fir/     
season at ,la ,scala1 x 0 p]=m$         
tw5ty-sev5 times4  ,) y\r p]mission let 
u g a little into detail 9 reg>d to !   
ne$s ( ! "y s+] & 8 me?od ( /udy1 s t he
 may acquire vocal ma/]y4 ,:at d y      
consid] ! mo/ important & necess>y      
subject = ! "y s+]1 or any "o :o wi%es  
to ent] ! pr(ession1 to consid]8  ,a    
musical education1 0 ! prompt1          

unhesitat+ reply4 ,s _m ?9k if !y h a   
good natural voice & take s++ lessons1 t
 is q suffici5t2 !y w soon become s+]s4 
,b a s+] %\ld also be a musician4 ,he   
%\ld le>n ! piano by all means & h "s k 
( !ory & h>mony4 ,^! subjects w be ( !  
greate/ b5efit 9 develop+ 8 musician%ip2
 inde$ he _c well get on )\t !m4 ,a     
beautiful voice ) little musical        
education1 is n ( z mu* value to its    
possessor z "o n s beautiful1 :i* has   
be5 well tra9$ & is c\pl$ ) solid       
musical atta9m5ts4   ,a ,,musical ,,c>e]
  ,if "o goes 9 = a musical c>e]1 "o    
%\ld realize at ! />t1 some?+ ( :at x   
means1 :at is involv$1 & :at mu/ g ) x4 
,s++ itself is only a "p1 p]haps ev5 !  
small] "p1 ( "o's equipm5t4 ,if op]a be 
! goal1 !re are languages1 act+1 make   
up1 imp]sonation1 int]pretation1 h[ to  
walk1 h[ to c>ry oneself1 all to be add$
 to ! piano & h>mony we h already spok5 
(4 ,! art ( ! s+] is a pr(ession--yes1 &
 a bus9ess too4 ,y prep>e y\rself to    
fill a public dem&2 y mu/ prove y\rself 

wor?y1 y mu/ come up to ! /&>d1 or !re w
 n be a dem& = :at y h to (f]4 ,& x is  
"r ?is %\ld be s4 ,we %\ld be will+ to  
look ! situation fairly 9 ! eye1 dive/+ 
x ( all ^? rose color$ dreams & fancies2
 !n we %\ld get "r d[n to "w4   ,,n ,,_m
 ,,rules  ,if y get "r d[n to ! bottom1 
!re are 9 reality n s _m s++ rules to   
le>n4 ,y s+ on ! five v[els1 & :5 y c d 
!m l\dly1 s(tly1 & ) mezzo voce1 y h a  
f\ndation ^u :i* to build vocal ma/]y4  
,& yet "s p /udy eight1 t5 ye>s )\t     
really lay+ ! f\ndation4 ,:y %\ld x take
 ! s+] su* a long "t to ma/] ! mat]ial (
 8 equipm5t8 ,a lawy] or doctor1 aft]   
leav+ college1 devotes ?ree or f\r ye>s 
only to prep>+ himself = 8 pr(ession1   
receives 8 diploma1 !n sets up 9        
bus9ess4 ,x ought n to be s mu* m       
difficult to le>n to s+ ?an to le>n ^!  
o!r pr(essions4   ,,! ,,e>  ,( c\rse !  
e> is ! mo/ important factor1 our       
greate/ ally4 ,x helps u imitate4       
,imitation =ms a l>ge "p ( our /udy4 ,we
 he> a beautiful tone2 we try to imitate

 x2 we try 9 v>i\s ways1 ) v>i\s        
placem5ts1 until we succe$ 9 produc+ !  
s\nd we h be5 seek+4 ,!n we endeavor to 
rememb] ! s5sations exp]i5c$ 9 ord] t we
 may repeat ! tone at w4 ,s y see       
,li/5+1 ,imitation & ,memory are v      
important factors 9 ! /ud5t's           
developm5t4   ,,bel ,,canto  ,i h j     
spok5 ( a beautiful tone4 ,! old        
,italian op]as cultivate ! bel canto1 t 
is--beautiful s++4 ,( c\rse x is well = 
! s+] to cultivate ?is fir/ ( all1 = x  
is excell5t1 & necess>y = ! voice4 ,b   
mod]n ,italian op]a portrays ! real m5 &
 wom5 ( to-day1 :o live1 enjoy1 suff]1  
are angry & rep5tant4 ,bel canto w n    
express ^! emotions4 ,:5 a man is jeal\s
 or 9 a rage1 he w n /& quietly 9 !     
middle ( ! /age & s+ beautiful tones4   
,he does n ?9k ( beautiful tones at all4
 ,hatr$ & jeal\sy %\ld be express$ 9 !  
voice z well z 9 action & ge/ure2 !y are
 f> f lovely 9 !mselves1 & to be natural
 & true to life1 !y w n make lovely     
tones 9 ! voice4 ,we want s++ actors    

to-day1 m5 & wom5 :o c adequately       
portray ! *>act]s !y imp]sonate ?r\gh   
bo? voice & action4   ,,le>n+ ,a ,r,,le 
,9 tak+ up a new "p ,i vocalize ! !me   
fir/1 to get an idea ( ! music2 !n ,i   
le>n ! words4 ,aft] ?is ,i "w ) !       
accompani/ :o comes to me e morn+4 ,(   
c\rse1 besides ?is1 ,i d daily vocalizes
 & vocal ex]cises2 "o mu/ always keep up
 "o's vocal te*nic4  ,b le>n+ words &   
music is only a "p ( ! "w to be done on 
a rle4 ,x mu/ !n be int]pret$2 m ?an ?is
 x mu/ be visualiz$4 ,?is "p ( ! "w re/s
 l>gely ) ! s+]1 & gives opportunity = 8
 individuality to ass]t itself4 ,( c\rse
 ! g5]al idea ( ! *>act]ization is giv5 
u1 ! make-up1 po/ur+ & s on4 ,to "w out 
^! ideas1 to make ! "p our own1 to feel 
at home 9 x1 s t x %all n seem l act+1 b
 appe> p]fectly natural--all ?is takes a
 great deal ( ?\ght1 "t & /udy4 ,x is   
all a m5tal process1 z e "o kn[s2 we mu/
 project our ?\ght out to ! audi5ce1 we 
mu/ 'get x ov]1' or x w nev] /rike fire6
   ,,int]pretation  ,on ! subject (     

individuality 9 int]pretation1 ,mr4     
,johnson 0 conv9c+4 ,i feel t if ,i h   
work$ out a *>act]ization1 ,i mu/ /ick  
to my idea1 9 spite ( :at o!rs say4 ,x  
is my own conception1 & ,i mu/ ei!r /&  
or fall by x4 ,at times ,i h tri$ to    
foll[ ! sugge/ions ( ?is or t critic & h
 *ang$ my int]pretation to suit _! ta/e4
 ,b x always r5d]$ me self consci\s1    
made my "w unnatural & caus$ me spe$ily 
to return to my own conception4         
,,le>n+ ,,by ,,do+  ,! s+] f9ds ! /age a
 great tea*]4 ,be=e ! footlights he has 
con/ant opportunity to try out ?is or t 
effect1 to note :i* placem5t ( ! voice  
be/ fits ! tones he wi%es to produce4   
,!n1 too1 he soon le>ns to feel :e!r he 
has made ! impression he _h hop$1 :e!r  
he has ! audi5ce ) him4 ,if he _c w9 !  
audi5ce1 he takes c>eful ?\ght to see   
:y4 ,9 ord] to w9 8 he>]s1 to get 8 "w  
across ! footlights1 !re are c]ta9 ?+s  
he mu/ h1 virtues he mu/ possess4 ,=    
in/ance1--& ! arti/ c\nt$ !m (f on 8 f+]
 tips1--he mu/ h ,acc5t1 ,diction1      

,*>act]ization1 & above all1 ,s9c]ity4  
,no matt] :at o!r good qualities he may 
possess1 he mu/ be s9c]e be=e any?+     
else4 ,if he lack ?is ! audi5ce soon    
f9ds x out4 ,!re's no?+ t w9s its way l 
! grace ( s9c]ity4 ,y see ,i give       
prom95t place to acc5t & diction4       
,:atev] fault ! critics f\nd ) me1 !y h 
always conc$$ to me bo? ^! virtues4  ,b 
"t passes & soon ! "w ( ! night w beg94 
,i tru/ t our in=mal conf]5ce may conta9
 a few po9ts ( p]sonal exp]i5ce :i* may 
be helpful to ^? :o are /riv+ to ent] ! 
field ( op]a4 ,& ) 8 pleasant smile &   
g5ial greet+1 ,mr4 ,johnson clos$ !     
conf]5ce4     ,,xviii  ,,re9ald         
,,w]r5ra?  ,,a*iev+ ,,success ,,on ,,!  
,,conc]t ,,/age   ,at ! close ( a       
recital by ,re9ald ,w]r5ra?1 ! li/5]    
feels he has some?+ to c>ry away1 a     
tangible impression1 a real message4    
,:at is ! impression--c x be def9$8     
,p]haps x is m ! complete effect z a    
:ole t makes ! deepe/ impression4 ,!    
voice is always agreeable1 ! diction s  

cle> & di/9ct t e syllable c be foll[$ f
 ! topmo/ corn] ( ,c>negie ,hall1 s !re 
is no ne$ to pr9t a program book = ?is  
s+]4 ,diff]5t qualities ( voice r5d] !  
picture or mood m vivid1 & all is       
accompli%$ ) p]fect ease1 9 itself a    
*>m4 ,p settle 9 _! seats z if c]ta9 t a
 song recital by ,w]r5ra? is sure to br+
 enjoym5t & satisfaction4  ,& ,mr4      
,w]r5ra? has prov51 ?r\gh season aft]   
season ( conc]t giv+ 9 ,am]ica1 t he is 
fill+ 8 own special ni*e 9 ! s*eme ( !  
c\ntry's musical life2 t he has 8 own   
message ( ! beautiful--! natural--9     
vocal art to deliv] to ! p all ov] ! l&1
 & he is accompli%+ ?is ) ev] increas+  
ability & success4  ,to g ?r\gh a season
 fill$ ) conc]t t\rs1 su* z a popul> s+]
 has laid out = him1 means s _m weeks & 
mon?s ( /r5u\s toil & travel4 ,!re may  
be a few brief h\rs or days "h & !re1 :5
 he c be at home among family & fri5ds2 
b soon he is (f aga9--on ! road4  ,mr4  
,w]r5ra? is ! sort ( s+] :o is g5]ally  
on ! w+1 or if n exactly t1 is s ru%$ ) 

"w1 record mak+ & rehe>s+ = occasional  
op]a appe>ances1 t x is v difficult to  
get a ^w ) him4 ,i 0 exce$+ly =tunate   
h[ev]1 "o day rec5tly1 to cat* a glimpse
 ( him betwe5 a ,metropolitan rehe>sal  
on ! "o h&1 & "s conc]t bus9ess on !    
o!r4 ,he ent]$ ! room :]e ,i wait$1     
tall1 vigor\s1 8 f9e face light$ by a   
rapid walk 9 ! fre% air2 he seem$ !     
embodim5t ( m5tal vigor & al]tness4     
,,vocal ,,control  ,illu/ration3        
,,re9ald ,,w]r5ra?  ,i plung$ at once   
into ! subject ,i _h come =1 tell+ him  
,i want$ to "k h[ he _h work$ to br+    
ab\t su* results z 7 not$ 9 8 rec5t     
recital 9 ,c>negie ,hall2 9 :at way he  
_h /udi$1 & :at1 9 8 op9ion1 7 ! mo/    
important factors1 f an educational po9t
 ( view1 = ! "y s+] to consid]4  ,t is  
entirely too difficult a "q to be answ]$
 briefly1 ev5 9 a half h\r1 or 9 an     
h\r's talk4 ,!re are too _m angles2 8   
cle> gray eyes look$ at me frankly z he 
spoke4 ,voice culture1 voice ma/]y1 :at 
is x8 ,x is hav+ control ( y\r in/rum5t 

to su* an ext5t t y put x out ( y\r     
?\ght completely :5 y s+4 ,! voice is   
y\r s]vant & mu/ d y\r bidd+4 ,?is      
control is arriv$ at ?r\gh a v>iety (   
means1 & c be consid]$ f a ?\s& angles1 
any "o ( :i* w\ld be int]e/+ to foll[   
up4 ,i h be5 on ! conc]t /age = ne>ly a 
score ( ye>s1 & ought to "k :]e( ,i     
speak2 yet ,i c say ,i h n le>n$ x all  
ev5 n[1 n by any means4 ,vocal te*nic is
 some?+ on :i* y are always work+1      
some?+ :i* is nev] complet$1 some?+ :i* 
is con/antly improv+ ) y\r m5tal gr[? & 
exp]i5ce--if y are work+ along ! "r     
l9es4 ,p talk ( f9i%+ _! vocal te*nic2  
h[ c t ev] be done8 ,y are always le>n+ 
h[ to d bett]4 ,if y don't make ! effect
 y expect$ to1 9 a c]ta9 place1 :5 s++ 9
 public1 y take ?\ght ( x aft]w>d1      
consid] :at 0 ! matt]1 :y y c\ldn't put 
x ov]--:y x _h no effect on ! audi5ce4  
,!n y "w on x1 le>n h[ to correct &     
improve x4   ,,e>ly ,,exp]i5ces  ,z y   
may "k1 my fa!r 0 a great s+]2 he 0 my  
fir/ tea*]4 ,aft] ,i lo/ him ,i /udi$ = 

sev]al ye>s ) ,dr4 ,c>l ,duft & lat] )  
,ar?ur ,mees4 ,9 all ?is "t ,i _h le>n$ 
a great deal ab\t music f ! intellectual
 & emotional sides1 music 9 ! ab/ract & 
s on4 ,9 fact1 ,i ?\ght ,i knew ab\t all
 !re 0 to be le>n$ ab\t ! art ( song2 ,i
 settl$ back on my o>s & let ! matt] g  
at t4 ,at la/1 h[ev]1 ,i awoke to see t 
,i didn't "k x all yet2 ,i discov]$ ,i  
c\ldn't put ! feel+ & emotion :i* surg$ 
)9 me across to o!rs 9 ! way ,i want$   
to--9 ! way :i* c\ld move & impress !m2 
,i c\ld n make ! effects ,i want$2 ,i 0 
gett+ into a rut4 ,?is 0 sev5 ye>s ago4 
,at t "t ,i w5t to ,p]cy ,rector ,/ev5s1
 :o has done me an imm5se am\nt ( good1 
& ) :om ,i con/antly keep 9 t\*1 9 case 
!re %\ld be any?+ wrong ) my in/rum5t   
any:]e4 ,mr4 ,/ev5s und]/&s ! me*anics (
 ! voice p]haps bett] ?an any "o ,i "k  
(4 ,if ,i g to him & say3 ',i made "s   
tones la/ night t didn't s\nd "r to me1'
 or ',i c\ldn't seem to put ov] ?is or t
 effect2 ,i want y to tell me :at is !  
matt]4' ,he w say3 ',s+ = me1 %[ me !   

tr\ble & we'll see :at we c d = x4' ,s  
,i s+ & he w say3 ',y are tight5+ y\r   
?roat at t place1' or 'y\r diaphragm is 
n work+ prop]ly1' or !re is "s o!r      
defect4 ,he c always put 8 f+] directly 
on ! weak spot4 ,he is my vocal doctor4 
,y\r :ole vocal app>atus mu/ "w toge!r 9
 entire h>mony4 ,we he> ( tea*]s :o seem
 to specialize on "s "o "p ( ! anatomy  
to ! exclusion ( o!r p>ts4 ,!y are s    
p>ticul> ab\t ! diaphragm1 = in/ance2 t 
mu/ be held ) exactly ! "r firmness to  
support ! tone4 ,t is all v well2 b :at 
ab\t ! *e/1 ! l>ynx1 ! ?roat1 ! head &  
all ! re/ ( ! anatomy8 ,! tru? is ! :ole
 trunk & head ( ! body are conc]n$ 9 !  
act ( tone production2 !y =m ! complete 
in/rum5t1 s to say4 ,:5 ! s+] is well & 
/rong & 9 good condition1 all ! p>ts    
respond & d _! "w easily & effici5tly4  
,,daily ,,practice  ,i d n g ?r\gh a    
r\t9e ( scales & ex]cises daily--at lea/
 n 9 ! season1 = ,i h no "t4 ,if y are  
go+ to take y\r automobile out = a sp9 y
 don't ride x ar\nd = half an h\r 9 !   

y>d to see :e!r x w g4 ,no1 y fir/ look 
aft] ! ma*9]y1 to see if all is 9 work+ 
ord]1 & !n y />t out1 kn[+ x w g4 ,i d a
 lot ( gymna/ics ea* day1 to ex]cise !  
voice & limb] up ! anatomy4 ,^! act z a 
massage = ! voice2 !y are 9 ! nature (  
humm+1 m+l$ ) grunts1 calls1            
exclamations1 %\ts1 & _m k9ds (         
s\nds--inde$ s _m & v>i\s !y _c be      
enum]at$4 ,b !y put ! voice 9 condition1
 s !re is no ne$ = all ^! o!r ex]cises  
:i* mo/ s+]s f9d s ess5tial to _! vocal 
well-be+4 ,i w say "r "h t ,i am work+ )
 two ma/]s2 ! fir/ = ! me*anics ( !     
voice1 ! second :o helps me f q an      
opposite angle--int]pretation & f9i%4   
,,) ,,maurel  ,! ma/] f :om ,i h le>n$ s
 mu* t x _c be e/imat$ is ,victor       
,maurel4 ,he is a mo/ rem>kable man1 a  
great ?9k] & philosoph]4 ,if he _h turn$
 8 att5tion to any o!r art or sci5ce1 or
 if he _h be5 b a day labor]1 he w\ld be
 a great man any:]e1 9 any capacity4  ,i
 h be5 ) him1 :5ev] possible1 = two ye>s
 n[4 ,he has %[n me ! philosophy1 !     

psy*ology ( s++4 ,he has taught me !    
sci5ce ( int5se diction4 ,by means ( su*
 diction1 ,i c s+ mezza voce1 & put x   
ov] ) less ef=t & mu* m arti/ic effect  
?an ,i ev] us$ to d1 :5 ,i employ$ mu* m
 voice4 ,y he> x said ?is or t p]son has
 a big voice & c s+ ) great p[]4 ,a     
brass b& c make a lot ( noise4 ,i h /ood
 beside m51 :o 9 a small] space1 c\ld   
make mu* m noise ?an ,i c\ld4 ,b :5 !y  
got out on ! /age y c\ldn't he> !m at ! 
back ( ! hall4 ,x is ! kn[+ h[ to use ! 
voice ) ! lea/ possible ef=t1 c\pl$ ) ! 
"r k9d ( diction1 t w make ! greate/    
effect4 ,n[ ,i c express myself1 &      
deliv] ! message ,i feel ,i h to give4  
,,! ,,s+] ,,be=e ,,an ,,audi5ce  ,y ask 
if ,i he> myself1 :5 ,i am s++ = an     
audi5ce4 ,9 a g5]al way1 yes4 ,( c\rse  
,i d n get ! full effect ( :at ,i am    
do+2 a s+] nev] does4 ,x takes ! records
 to tell me t1 & ,i h be5 mak+ records =
 a good numb] ( ye>s4 ,b ,i "k !        
s5sations :i* accompany correct tone    
production1 & if ,i feel !y are diff]5t 

9 any place or passage1 ,i try to make a
 m5tal note ( ! fact & ! passage1 t ,i  
may correct x aft]w>ds4 ,b ,i mu/       
emphasize ! po9t t :5 ,i s+1 ,i ca/ away
 all ?\ght ( h[ ,i d any?+ te*nical2 ,i 
want to get away f ! me*anics ( ! voice2
 ,i mu/ keep my ?\ght cle> = !          
int]pretation1 = ! message ,i h br\ght  
to ! audi5ce4 ,to be con/antly ?9k+--h[ 
am ,i do+ ?is or t--w\ld hamp] me       
t]ribly4 ,i %\ld nev] get any:]e4 ,i mu/
 h my vocal app>atus "u su* control t x 
goes ( itself4 ,a piani/ does n ?9k (   
te*nic :5 play+ 9 public1 nei!r %\ld a  
s+] ?9k ( 8 vocal te*nic4 ,( c\rse !re  
may be occasions :5 adv]se circum/ances 
?ru/ conditions ^u me4 ,if ,i h a slight
 cold1 or tightness ( ?roat1 ,i h to br+
 all my res\rces to be>1 to rise above !
 seem+ h&icap1 & s+ z well z ,i c 9     
spite ( x4 ,i c say gratefully1 )\t any 
desire to boa/1 t dur+ ! pa/ elev5 ye>s1
 ,i h nev] once miss$ an engagem5t or   
disappo9t$ an audi5ce4 ,( c\rse ,i h _h 
to keep engagem5ts :5 ,i did n feel 9 ! 

mood1 ei!r physically or m5tally4 ,_m   
s+]s w\ld h refus$ "u l conditions4 ,b x
 does n seem fair to ! audi5ce to       
disappo9t1 or to ! manag] ei!r2 x puts  
him 9 a v difficult & unpleasant        
position4 ,x seems to me ! arti/ %\ld be
 m consid]ate ( bo? manag] & audi5ce1   
?an to yield to a slight indisposition &
 s break 8 engagem5t4   ,,! ,,s+] ,,9   
,,8 ,,/udio  ,x makes su* a diff]5ce--9 
quality ( tone & 9 effect--:e!r y s+ 9 a
 small or l>ge space4 ,?+s y d 9 ! /udio
 & :i* may s\nd well !re1 are q diff]5t 
or are lo/ altoge!r 9 a l>ge hall4 ,y   
really _c tell :at ! effect w be 9 a    
great space1 by :at y d 9 y\r /udio4 ,9 
rehe>s+ & /udy1 ,i use half voice1 &    
only occasionally d ,i use full voice1 t
 is :5 ,i wi% to get a bett] idea ( !   
effect4   ,,vocal ,,ma/]y  ,z we /ood at
 ! close ( ! conf]5ce1 ,i ask$ ! supreme
 "q--,:at d y und]/& by ,vocal ,ma/]y8  
,! arti/ look$ z ?\gh ,i 7 mak+ an      
impossible dem& 9 requir+ an answ] to s 
compreh5sive a subject4 ,he took a few  

/rides & !n came back4  ,i c answ] t "q 
) "o ^w--,disreg>d4 ,:i* means1 t if y h
 su* control ( y\r anatomy1 su* comm& ( 
y\r vocal res\rces t !y w always d _!   
"w1 t !y c be dep5d$ ^u to act p]fectly1
 !n y c disreg>d me*anism1 & ?9k only ( 
! int]pretation--only ( y\r vocal       
message4 ,!n y h conqu]$ ! mat]ial--!n y
 h atta9$ ,vocal ,ma/]y6     ,,xix      
,,sophie ,,braslau  ,,mak+ ,a ,,c>e] ,,9
 ,,am]ica   ,a fact1 (t5 ov]look$ :5    
consid]+ ! c>e] ( "s ( our great s+]s ( 
to-day1 is ! fact t !y />t$ out to      
become an in/rum5tali/ r ?an a s+]4 ,9  
o!r words !y become pr(ici5t on "s      
in/rum5t be=e tak+ up s]i\s /udy ( !    
voice4 ,9 ?is connection "o ?9ks ( ,mme4
 ,sembri*1 :o 0 bo? piani/ & viol9i/    
be=e becom+ kn[n z a s+]4 ,x w\ld be    
int]e/+ to foll[ up ?is idea & enum]ate 
! vocali/s :o h broad5$ _! musician%ip  
?r\gh ! /udy ( o!r in/rum5ts ?an _! own 
voices4 ,b ?is delightful task mu/ be   
res]v$ = future leisure4 ,= ! pres5t x c
 be set d[n "h t ,miss ,sophie ,braslau1

 probably ! y\nge/ /> 9 ! con/ellation (
 ! ,metropolitan arti/s1 is an          
accompli%$ piani/1 & int5d$ to make h]  
c>e] ) ! aid ( t in/rum5t in/ead ( ) h] 
voice4  ,b we w let ! "y arti/ speak =  
h]self4 ,on ! occasion 9 "q1 %e _h j    
return$ f a walk1 h] arms full (        
rosebuds4 ,i nev] c resi/ fl[]s1 %e     
rem>k$1 z %e _h !m plac$ 9 a big silv]  
vase4 ,!n %e c>ri$ ! visitor (f to h]   
own special rooms1 ^: w9d[s ov]look$ an 
inn] g>d51 :]e "o =got "o 0 9 ! he>t (  
,new ,york4 ,inde$ x is n l ,new ,york  
at all1 r l ,p>is1 said ,miss ,braslau1 
answ]+ my ?\ght4  ,on a *aise longue 9  
?is ivory & rose sanctum1 repos$ a big1 
beautiful doll1 pres]v$ f *ildi% days4  
,! s+] took x up2 ,i don't play ) x n[1 
%e said ) a smile1 b ,i us$ to4 ,%e     
plac$ x c>efully 9 a *air1 !n settl$    
h]self to talk4  ,illu/ration3 ,,sophie 
,,braslau  ,yes1 ,i int5d$ to make !    
piano my in/rum5t & began my /udies at !
 age ( six4 ,be=e long x 0 se5 t ,i _h  
some?+ ( a voice1 b no "o gave x mu*    

?\ght1 suppos+ ,i 0 to be a piani/2     
inde$ ,i h ! h& ( "o1 hold+ x up4 ,i    
don't ?9k1 9 ^? e>ly ye>s1 ,i 0 s v     
anxi\s to become a play]4 ,i did n love 
scales--d n n[1 & w\ld q z soon h sat at
 ! piano ) a book 9 my lap1 :ile my f+]s
 me*anically did _! /unts4 ,b my "m     
look$ aft] my practice1 & (t5 sat ne>   
me4 ,%e requir$ a regul> am\nt ( "t giv5
 to music /udy ea* day4 ,i am s grateful
 t %e 0 /rict ) me1 = my k ( piano & its
 lit]ature is ! greate/ joy to me n[4   
,to my ?9k+ all *ildr5 %\ld h piano     
lessons2 ! co/ is trifl+ comp>$ to !    
b5efits !y receive4 ,!y %\ld be made to 
/udy1 :e!r !y wi% to or n4 ,!y are n    
prep>$ to judge :at is good = !m1 & if  
!y are giv5 ?is advantage !y w be glad (
 x lat] on4  ,9 due "t ,i ent]$ !       
,in/itute ( ,musical ,art1 tak+ ! full  
piano c\rse4 ,ar?ur ,ho*mann 0 my tea*] 
= piano1 & ,i f\nd him an excell5t ma/]4
 ,he did a great deal = me2 9           
int]pretation1 9 f95ess ( detail1 9     
arti/ic f9i% ,i owe him v mu*4 ,lat] ,i 

/udi$ sev]al ye>s ) ,alex&] ,lamb]t4    
,:ile at "w ) my piano1 x grew m app>5t 
t ,i _h a voice t %\ld be cultivat$4 ,s 
,i began4 ,aft]w>ds ,i work$ ?ree ye>s )
 ,signor ,buzzi ,peccia1 :o />t$ me on  
an op]atic c>e] & f9ally br\ght me to ! 
,metropolitan4  ,x 0 a great ordeal = a 
"y s+]1 almo/ a beg9n]1 to />t at our   
greate/ ,op]a ,h\se6 ,x meant unremitt+ 
labor = me4 ,i work$ v h>d1 b ,i am n   
afraid ( "w4 ,toscan9i held sway :5 ,i  
began1 & he 0 a m>vel\s musician &      
conductor4 ,su* exactness1 su* p]fection
 ( detail2 he requir$ p]fection ( e "o4 
,he did n at fir/ realize h[ mu* ( a    
beg9n] ,i 01 ?\gh ,i _h really le>n$ a  
l>ge numb] ( rles4 ,he 0 s /rict 9 e    
detail t ,i wept _m bitt] te>s = fe> ,i 
w\ld n come up to ! m>k4 ,i knew !      
music1 b _h n ga9$ exp]i5ce ?r\gh r\t9e4
 ,x seems to me e s+] %\ld ga9 ?is      
exp]i5ce 9 "s small] places be=e        
attempt+ ! highe/4 ,my advice w\ld be to
 g & get exp]i5ce 9 ,europe fir/4 ,i h  
nev] be5 9 ,g]many1 b 9 ,italy & ,france

 !re are _m small op]a h\ses :]e "o may 
le>n r\t9e4  ,ano!r ?+4 ,!re is a mi/ak5
 notion t "o _c rea* any height 9 op]a  
)\t 'pull' & great influ5ce4 ,i am sure 
?is is n true2 = :ile a pull may help1  
"o mu/ be able to deliv] ! goods4 ,if "o
 _c1 all ! back+ 9 ! _w w n make "o a   
success4 ,! s+] mu/ h ! ability to 'put 
x ov]4' ,?9k ( ! arti/s :o c d x--,f>r>1
 ,gluck1 ,s*umann-,he9k4 ,!re is nev]   
any d\bt ab\t !m2 !y always w9 _!       
audi5ces4 ,:at ,i h done has be5        
accompli%$ by h>d "w1 )\t back+ ( any   
k9d4 ,really ( :at use is back+ anyway8 
,! public c judge--or at lea/ x c feel4 
,i "k v well t :5 my *ance came to s+   
,%anewis1 if ,i _h n be5 able to d x1 no
 am\nt ( influ5ce w\ld h help$ !        
situation4 ,i _h x 9 my own h& to make  
or m> my c>e]4 ,i (t5 wond] :e!r        
audi5ces really "k any?+ ab\t :at y are 
try+ to d2 :e!r !y h any conception (   
:at is "r 9 s++1 or :e!r !y are m]ely   
sway$ by ! temp]am5t ( ! s+]4  ,:e!r we 
are1 or are n to be a musical nation    

%\ld be a "q ( deep int]e/ to all music 
lov]s4 ,if we really become a great     
musical p1 x w be l>gely due to ! "w ( !
 records4 ,we c]ta9ly h wond]ful        
advantages "h1 & are do+ a trem5d\s lot 
= music4  ,i _h an int]e/+ exp]i5ce     
rec5tly4 ,x 0 9 a little t[n 9 ,nor?    
,c>ol9a1 :]e a song recital _h nev] be=e
 be5 giv54 ,c y fancy a place :]e !re _h
 nev] ev5 be5 a conc]t8 ,! p 9 ?is      
little t[n 7 busy produc+ tobacco & _h  
nev] turn$ _! ?\ght t[>d music4 ,9 !    
face ( ! com+ conc]t :at did ^? p d8 ,!y
 got a program1 /udi$ :at pieces ,i _h  
sung on ! ,victor1 got ! music ( ! o!rs2
 s !y _h a pretty good idea ( :at ,i 0  
go+ to s+4 ,:5 ,i /epp$ on ! plat=m t   
night & saw ! little upright piano 7no  
o!r in/rum5t c\ld be secur$7 & look$    
into ^? eag] faces1 ,i wond]$ h[ !y w\ld
 receive my "w4 ,my fir/ numb] 0 an aria
 f ,orfeo4 ,:5 ,i f9i%$1 ! demon/ration 
0 s deaf5+ ,i _h to wait m9utes be=e ,i 
c\ld g on4 ,& s x cont9u$ all ! ev5+4   
,h[ d ,i "w8 ,v h>d1 at lea/ six h\rs a 

day4 ,( ^! ,i actually s+ p]haps ?ree   
h\rs4 ,i beg9 at n9e & give ! fir/ h\r  
to memory "w on rep]toire4 ,i give v    
?or\gh /udy to my programs2 = ,i mu/ "k 
e note 9 !m1 bo? = voice & piano4 ,i    
make x a po9t to "k ! accompanim5ts1 = 9
 case ,i am ev] left )\t an accompani/1 
,i c play = myself1 & x has a great     
effect on audi5ces4 ,!y may n "k or c>e 
:e!r y c play ,bee?ov5 or ,*op91 b !    
fact t y c play :ile y s+1 greatly      
impresses !m4  ,9 committ+ a song1 ,i   
play x ov] & s+ x suffici5tly to get a  
good idea ( its con/ruction & mean+2 !n 
,i "w 9 detail1 le>n+ words & music at !
 same "t1 usually4 ,c]ta9 ?+s are v     
difficult = me1 ?+s requir+ absolute    
ev5ness ( passage "w1 or su/a9$ calm4   
,naturally ,i h an excess ( temp]am5t2  
,i feel ?+s 9 a vivid1 passionate way4  
,s ,i ne$ to g v sl[ly at times4 ,to-day
 ,i gave sev]al h\rs to only ?ree l9es (
 an aria by ,ha5del1 & am n yet satisfi$
 ) x4 ,inde$1 c we ev] re/ satisfi$1 :5 
!re is s mu* to le>n1 & we c always     

improve8  ,! second h\r ( my day is giv5
 to vocalizes4 ,( c\rse !re are c]ta9   
/&>d ?+s t "o mu/ d2 b !re are o!rs t   
ne$ n be done e day4 ,i try to v>y ! "w 
z mu* z ,i c4  ,! re/ ( ! day is giv5 to
 /udy on rep]toire & all ! ?+s t belong 
to x4 ,!re is s mu* m to a s+]'s art ?an
 m]ely to s+4 ,& x is a sad ?+ to f9d t 
s _m s+]s lack musician%ip4 ,!y seem to 
?9k if !y c s+ "s songs1 or ev5 a few   
op]as1 t is all !re is to x4 ,b "o :o   
w\ld become an arti/ mu/ "w mo/ ( ! "t4 
,i am sure ,*>les ,hackett kn[s ! value 
( "w2 s does ,mabel ,g>rison & _m o!r   
,am]icans4 ,& :5 y ?9k ( x1 !re are     
really a brave numb] ( our own s+]s :o  
are n only mak+ good1 b mak+ big names =
 !mselves & w9n+ ! success t comes f a  
union ( tal5t & indu/ry4     ,,xx       
,,morgan ,,k+/on  ,,! ,,spiritual ,,side
 ,,( ,,! ,,s+]',s ,,art   ,a man :o has 
ris5 to 8 pres5t em95ce ?r\gh det]m9$   
ef=t & h>d "w1 :o has done x all 9      
,am]ica1 is a unique figure 9 ! _w (    
art4 ,he c surely give mu* valuable     

in=mation to /ud5ts1 = he has be5 ?r\gh 
s mu* himself4 ,?us ,i 0 in=m$ by "o :o 
0 9 a position to und]/& h[ ,morgan     
,k+/on _h a*iev$ success4 ,! well kn[n  
t5or 0 mo/ k9d 9 grant+ an audi5ce to "o
 seek+ light on 8 ideas & exp]i5ces4 ,he
 welcom$ ! visitor ) simple1 s9c]e      
c\rtesy1 & discuss$ = an h\r & a half   
v>i\s aspects ( ! s+]'s art4  ,9 :at way
 may ,i be ( s]vice to y8 began ,mr4    
,k+/on1 aft] ! fir/ greet+s _h be5      
ex*ang$4  ,!re are _m que/ions to ask1 0
 ! answ]2 p]haps x 7 be/ to prop\nd !   
mo/ difficult "o fir/1 in/ead ( res]v+ x
 till ! la/4 ,:at1 9 y\r op9ion1 goes   
into ! acquir+ ( ,vocal ,ma/]y8  ,t is  
c]ta9ly a difficult subject to take up1 
= vocal ma/]y includes s _m ?+s4 ,fir/ &
 =emo/ x includes vocal te*nic4 ,"o mu/ 
h an excell5t te*nic be=e "o c hope to  
s+ ev5 mod]ately well4 ,! s+] c d no?+  
)\t te*nic1 ?\gh ( c\rse !re are _m p :o
 try to s+ )\t x4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 nev] get  
any:]e :5 hamp]$ by su* a lack (        
equipm5t4 ,te*nic furni%es ! tools ) :i*

 ! s+] creates 8 vocal art "w2 j z !    
pa9t]'s bru%es enable him to pa9t 8     
picture4   ,,rules ,,( ,,te*nic         
,illu/ration3 ,,morgan ,,k+/on  ,i said 
! s+] %\ld h a f9i%$ te*nic 9 ord] to   
express ! musical idea aright1 9 ord] to
 be an arti/4 ,b te*nic is nev] f9i%$2 x
 goes on develop+ & broad5+ z we        
ourselves gr[ & develop4 ,we le>n by    
degrees :at to add on & :at to take     
away1 9 our ef=t to p]fect te*nic4      
,/ud5ts1 especially 9 ,am]ica1 are too  
apt to dep5d on rules m]ely4 ,!y ?9k if 
!y absolutely foll[ ! rules1 !y mu/     
necess>ily become s+]s2 if !y f9d t y   
deviate f rule !y tell y ( x1 & hold y  
up to ! lett] ( ! law1 r ?an its mean+ &
 _s4 ,i answ]1 rules %\ld be guides1 n  
tyrants4 ,rules are necess>y 9 ! beg9n+2
 lat] we get beyond !m1--or r we "w out 
_! _s & are n hide-b\nd by ! lett]4     
,,e>ly ,,/ruggles  ,z y may "k1 ,i 0    
born 9 ,nott+ham%ire1 ,engl&4 ,i always 
sang1 z a small boy1 j = ! love ( x1    
nev] dream+ ,i w\ld "o day make x my    

pr(ession4 ,9 ^? e>ly days ,i sang 9 !  
little *ur* :]e ,"l ,byron is buri$4 ,h[
 _m times ,i h walk$ ov] ! slab :i* lies
 above 8 vault4 ,:5 ,i 0 old en\gh ,i   
w5t to "w 9 ! m9es1 s y see ,i "k :at   
h>d%ips ! m9]s endure2 ,i "k :at x means
 to be %ut away f ! sun = s _m h\rs e   
day4 ,& ,i w\ld light5 _! h>d%ips 9 e   
way possible4 ,i am sure1 if x re/$ )   
me1 to *oose betwe5 hav+ no coal unless 
,i m9$ x myself1 ,i w\ld nev] dig a s+le
 p>ticle4 ,b ?is is aside f ! subject 9 
h&4  ,i always sang = ! love ( s++1 & ,i
 _h ! hope t "s day ,i c\ld d "s good ) 
! gift :i* ! good ,god _h be/[$ on me4  
,!n1 "o day1 ! opportunity came = me to 
s+ 9 a conc]t 9 ,london4 ,up to t "t ,i 
_h nev] _h a vocal lesson 9 my life2 my 
s++ 0 purely a natural product4 ,on ?is 
occasion ,i sang1 evid5tly ) "s little  
success1 = x 0 decid$ t v night t ,i    
%\ld become a s+]4 ,means 7 provid$ =   
bo? lessons & liv+1 & ,i n[ gave my :ole
 "t & att5tion t[>d fitt+ myself = my   
new call+4 ,! lady :o play$ my          

accompanim5ts at t conc]t became my     
tea*]4 ,& ,i c say1 ) gratitude to a k9d
 ,provid5ce1 t ,i h nev] _h1 nor wi%$ to
 h any o!r4 ,:5 ,i he> "y s+]s 9 ,am]ica
 say+ !y h be5 to ,mr4 ,s4 to get 8     
po9ts1 !n !y w g to ,mr4 ,w4 to le>n 8  
po9t ( view1 ,i realize afre% t my      
exp]i5ce has be5 q diff]5t & inde$      
unique2 ,i am dev\tly ?ankful x has be5 
s4   ,,:at ,,! ,,tea*] ,,%\ld ,,d ,,=   
,,! ,,/ud5t  ,my tea*] made a /udy ( me1
 ( my *>act]i/ics1 m5tality & temp]am5t4
 ,t %\ld be ! bus9ess ( e real tea*]1   
s9ce ea* individual has diff]5t         
*>act]i/ics f e o!r4  ,x is n[ t5 ye>s  
s9ce ,i began to /udy ! art ( s++4 ,i   
came to ,am]ica soon aft] ! ev5tful     
night :i* *ang$ my :ole c>e]2 my tea*]  
also came to ?is c\ntry4 ,i _h ev]y?+ to
 le>n2 ,i c\ld n ev5 speak my own       
language2 my spee* 0 a dialect he>d 9 t 
"p ( ! c\ntry :]e ,i 0 br\ght up4 ,i h  
_h to cultivate & ref9e myself4 ,i _h to
 /udy o!r languages1 ,italian1 ,fr5* &  
,g]man4 ,i le>n$ !m all 9 ,am]ica4 ,s y 

see !re is no ne$ = an ,am]ican to g out
 ( 8 own c\ntry = vocal in/ruction or   
languages2 all c be le>n$ "r "h at home4
 ,i am a liv+ pro( ( ?is4 ,:at ,i h done
 o!rs c d4   ,,! ,,te*nical ,,side  ,z =
 te*nical mat]ial1 ,i h nev] us$ a great
 quantity4 ,( c\rse ,i d scales &       
vocalizes = a %ort "t ea* day2 su* ?+s  
are always kept up4 ,!n ,i make daily   
use ( ab\t a doz5 ex]cises by ,rub9i4   
,beyond ^! ,i make te*nical /udies out (
 ! pieces4 ,b1 aft] "o has made a c]ta9 
am\nt ( progress on ! te*nical side1 "o 
mu/ "w = "o's self--,i mean "o mu/ "w on
 "o's moral nature4   ,,! ,,moral ,,side
  ,i believe /rongly t a s+] _c         
adequately express ! beautiful & pure 9 
music :ile *]i%+ at ! same "t1 a bad    
he>t & a mean nature beh9d x4 ,s++ is   
su* a p]sonal ?+1 t "o's m5tality1 "o's 
inn] nature1 is b\nd to reveal itself4  
,ea* "o ( u has evil t5d5cies to grapple
 )1 envy1 jeal\sy1 hatr$1 s5suality &   
all ! re/ ( ! evils we are apt to h>bor4
 ,if we make no ef=t to control ^!      

natural t5d5cies1 !y w p]man5tly injure 
u1 z well z impair ! voice1 & vitiate ! 
good we might d4 ,i say x 9 all         
humility1 b ,i am e>ne/ly try+ to conqu]
 ! errors 9 myself1 s t ,i may be able  
to d "s good ) my voice4 ,i h discov]$ p
 g to he> music :5 !y want to be soo!d &
 uplift$4 ,if !y desire to be amus$ &   
enjoy a good laugh1 !y g to light op]a  
or vaudeville2 if !y want a soo?+1      
quiet+ m5tal refre%m5t1 !y att5d a      
conc]t1 op]a or oratorio4 ,!re=e ,i want
 to give !m1 :5 ,i s+1 :at !y are 9 ne$ 
(1 :at !y are long+ =4 ,i want to h su* 
control ( myself t ,i %all be fitt$ to  
help & b5efit e p]son 9 ! audi5ce :o    
li/5s to me4 ,until ,i h ?us prep>$     
myself1 ,i am n do+ my :ole duty to     
myself1 to my art or to my neighbor4    
,we he> ab\t ! petty envy & jeal\sy 9 ! 
pr(ession1 & x is true !y seem to be v  
real at times4 ,picture two "y wom5 s++ 
at a conc]t2 "o receives mu* att5tion & 
beautiful fl[]s1 ! o!r--none ( ^! ?+s4  
,no d\bt x is human nature1 s-call$1 = !

 neglect$ "o to feel horribly jeal\s ( !
 favor$ "o4 ,n[ ?is feel+ ought to be   
conqu]$1 = ,i believe1 if x is n1 x w   
prev5t ! s+] mak+ beautiful1 correct    
tones1 or f voic+ ! beauty & exaltation 
( ! music4 ,we "k t evil ?\ghts react on
 ! body & result 9 diseases1 :i* prev5t 
! s+] f rea*+ a high po9t ( excell5ce4  
,we mu/ ?9k "r ?\ghts = ^! are ! wor?   
:ile ?+s ( life4 ,s++ tea*]s utt]ly fail
 to take ! moral or metaphysical side   
into consid]ation 9 _! tea*+4 ,!y %\ld d
 ?is & d\btless w\ld1 did !y b realize  
:at a l>ge place "r ?9k+ occupies 9 !   
developm5t ( ! s+]4  ,"o c\ld "n v>i\s  
arti/s :o only consid] _! own           
self-aggr&izem5t2 "o is compell$ to     
realize t1 ) su* l[ aims1 ! arti/ is    
b\nd to fall %ort ( highe/ a*ievem5t4 ,x
 is our "r attitude t[>ds ! be/ 9 life &
 ! future1 t is ( real value to u4 ,h[  
(t5 p greet y ) ! words3 ',well1 h[ is !
 _w treat+ y to-day8' ,does any "o ev]  
say to y--',h[ are y treat+ ! _w        
to-day8' ,t is ! real ?+ to consid]4  ,z

 ,i said a few mom5ts ago1 ,i h /udi$ t5
 ye>s on vocal te*nic & rep]toire4 ,i h 
n v5tur$ to say s be=e1 b ,i say x      
to-night--,i c s+6 ,( c\rse mo/ ( !     
op]atic t5or rles are 9 my rep]toire4   
,?is season ,i am engag$ = f\rte5 rles  
at ! ,metropolitan4 ,^! mu/ be ready to 
s+ on dem&1 t is at a mom5t's           
notice1--or say two h\rs' notice4 ,t    
means "s memory "w z well z con/ant     
practice4  ,w\ld ,i r appe> 9 op]a1     
recital or oratorio8 ,i l !m all4 ,a    
recital program mu/ conta9 at lea/ a    
doz5 songs1 :i* makes x z long z a lead+
 op]atic rle4  ,! t5 ye>s j pass$1 fill$
 z !y h be5 ) close /udy & public "w1 ,i
 consid] 9 ! light ( prep>ation4 ,!     
foll[+ t5 ye>s ,i hope to devote to     
becom+ m widely kn[n 9 v>i\s c\ntries4  
,& !n-- a pleasant smile flitt$ ov] !   
f9e1 clean-cut features1--!n ano!r t5   
ye>s to make my =tune4 ,b ,i ha/5 to    
assure y ! monet>y side is q second>y to
 ! great desire ,i h to d "s good ) !   
tal5t :i* has be5 giv5 me4 ,i realize m 

& m ea* day1 t to develop ! spiritual   
nature w mean happ9ess & success 9 ?is &
 9 a future exi/5ce1 & ?is is wor? all !
 ef=t & /riv+ x co/s4     ,,xxi  ,,fri$a
 ,,hempel  ,a ,,lesson ,,) ,a ,,prima   
,,donna   ,!re is no ne$ to say t ,fri$a
 ,hempel is "o ( ! mo/ admir$ arti/s on 
! op]a & conc]t /age to-day4 ,e "o kn[s 
! fact4 ,miss ,hempel has ende>$ h]self 
to all ?r\gh h] lovely voice1 h] use (  
x1 h] *>m ( mann] & ! s9c]ity ( h] art4 
,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,alfr$ ,*ancy   
,john/on ,,fri$a ,,hempel  ,x is sev5   
ye>s s9ce ,miss ,hempel fir/ came to s+ 
at ! ,metropolitan4 ,am]ica has advanc$ 
v greatly 9 musical appreciation dur+   
?is p]iod4 ,miss ,hempel h]self has gr[n
 9 arti/ic /ature ) ea* new "* %e has   
assum$4 ,?is season %e has ex*ang$ !    
op]a field = t ( ! conc]t room1 to !    
regret ( op]a patrons & all music lov]s1
 :o desir$ to see h] at ! ,metropolitan4
 ,be+ s con/antly on ! w+1 x has be5    
extremely difficult to secure a ^w ) !  
admir$ arti/4 ,late "o aft]noon1 h[ev]1 

t[>d ! end ( h] v successful conc]t     
season1 %e 0 able to devote an h\r to a 
conf]5ce ) ! writ] on ! pr9ciples (     
vocal art4  ,h[ fair1 sl5d] & girli% %e 
look$1 ensconc$ among ! cu%ions ( a     
com=table divan 9 h] music room1 ) a    
favorite pet dog ne/l+ at h] side4  ,& y
 ask h[ to ma/] ! voice2 x seems !n1 ,i 
am to give a vocal lesson1 %e began1 )  
an ar* smile1 z %e c>ess$ ! little      
creature beside h]4   ,,brea?+  ,! v    
fir/ ?+ = ! s+] to consid] is brea?     
control2 always ! brea?+--! brea?+4 ,%e 
?9ks ( x morn+1 noon & night4 ,ev5 be=e 
ris+ 9 ! morn+1 %e has x on h] m9d1 &   
may d a few little /unts :ile /ill      
recl9+4 ,!n1 be=e beg9n+ h] vocal te*nic
 9 ! morn+1 %e goes ?r\gh a s]ies (     
brea?+ ex]cises4 ,j :at !y are is       
unnecess>y to indicate1 z ea* tea*] may 
h 8 own1 or ! s+] has le>n$ = h]self :at
 =ms are mo/ b5eficial4   ,,vocal       
,,te*nic  ,! piani/ be=e ! public1 or ! 
play] :o hopes to ma/] ! in/rum5t 9 !   
future1 nev] ?9ks ( omitt+ ! daily task 

( scales & ex]cises2 he kn[s t 8 *ances 
= success w\ld soon be impair$1 ev5     
ru9$1 if he %\ld neglect ?is important &
 necess>y bran* ( /udy4  ,x is exactly !
 same ?+ ) ! s+]4 ,%e _c af=d to d )\t  
scales & ex]cises4 ,if %e %\ld1 ! public
 w\ld soon f9d x out4 ,%e mu/ be 9      
con/ant practice 9 ord] to produce h]   
tones ) smoo?ness & purity2 %e mu/ also 
?9k :e!r %e is produc+ !m ) ease4 ,!re  
%\ld nev] be any /ra91 no evid5ce (     
ef=t4 ,voice production mu/ always seem 
to be ! easie/ ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,no audi5ce   
likes to see pa9ful ef=t 9 a s+]'s face 
or ?roat4   ,,vocal ,,practice  ,! "y   
s+] %\ld always practice ) a mirror--d n
 =get t2 %e mu/ look pleasant "u all    
circum/ances4 ,no "o c>es to look at a  
s+] :o makes faces & grimaces1 or sc[ls 
:5 %e s+s4 ,?is applies to any "o1 "y or
 old]4 ,s++ mu/ always seem easy1       
pleasant1 graceful1 attractive1 w9n+4   
,?is mu/ be ! m5tal concept1 &1 act$ ^u1
 ! s+] w ?us w9 h] audi5ce4 ,i d n mean 
t "o %\ld cultivate a gr9 :5 s++2 t w\ld

 be go+ to ! o!r extreme4  ,let ! s+]   
also use a wat* :5 %e practices1 9 ord] 
n to ov]do4 ,i approve ( a good deal (  
te*nical /udy1 tak5 9 small doses ( t5  
to fifte5 m9utes at a "t4 ,i myself d   
ab\t two h\rs or m1 ?\gh n all te*nic2 b
 ,i make ^! pauses = re/1 s t ,i am n   
fatigu$4 ,aft] all1 :ile we mu/ h       
te*nic1 !re is s mu* m to s++ ?an its   
te*nic4 ,te*nic is inde$ a means to an  
end1 m 9 ! art ( song ?an 9 almo/ any   
o!r =m ( art4 ,te*nic is ! backgr\nd =  
expressive s++1 & to s+ expressively is 
:at e "o %\ld be /riv+ =4   ,,:at ,,x   
,,means ,,to ,,be ,a ,,s+]  ,a beautiful
 voice is a gift f heav51 b !           
cultivation ( x re/s ) its possessor4   
,"h 9 ,am]ica1 girls d n realize ! am\nt
 ( labor & sacrifice involv$1 or !y     
might n be s eag] to ent] ^u a c>e]4 ,!y
 are too mu* tak5 up ) teas1 p>ties &   
social functions to h suffici5t "t to   
devote to vocal /udy & all t goes ) x4  
,!re are _m o!r ?+s to /udy2 "s piano if
 possible1 languages ( c\rse1 physical  

culture & act+1 to make ! body supple & 
graceful4 ,i say "s piano %\ld be       
includ$1 at lea/ en\gh to play          
accompanim5ts at sight4 ,b :5 %e has    
ma/]$ h] song or rle1 %e ne$s an        
accompani/1 = %e c nev] play ! music z x
 %\ld be play$ :ile %e endeavors to     
int]pret ! song z t %\ld be sung4 ,"o _c
 d complete ju/ice to bo? at ! same "t4 
,9 ord] to /udy all ! subjects requir$1 
! girl ) a voice mu/ be will+ to give   
mo/ ( h] day to ! "w4 ,?is means        
sacrific+ ! social side & be+ will+ to  
?r[ h]self he>t & s\l into ! bus9ess (  
adequately prep>+ = h] c>e]4   ,,am]ican
 ,,voices  ,i f9d !re are quantities (  
lovely voices "h 9 ,am]ica4 ,! quality (
 ! ,am]ican female voice is beautiful2 9
 no c\ntry is x f9]1 n ev5 9 ,italy4 ,y 
h good tea*]s "h1 too4 ,!n :y are !re s 
few ,am]ican s+]s :o are prop]ly prep>$ 
= a c>e]8 ,:y d we he> ( s few :o make  
good & am\nt to some?+8 ,if ! girl has  
means & good social connections1 %e is  
(t5 n ready to sacrifice social gayeties

 = ! au/]e life ( ! /ud5t4 ,if %e is a  
poor girl1 %e frequ5tly _c af=d to take 
up ! subjects necess>y = h] high]       
developm5t4 ,in/ruction is exp5sive "h1 
& tra9+ = op]a almo/ impossible4 ,!     
op]atic coa* requires a goodly fee = 8  
s]vices4 ,& :5 ! girl has prep>$ sev]al 
rles :]e %all %e f9d ! opportunity to   
try !m out8 ,inexp]i5c$ s+]s _c be      
accept$ at ! ,metropolitan2 t is n !    
place = !m4 ,at ! prices *>g$ = seats ! 
managem5t _c af=d to engage any b ! v   
be/ arti/s4 ,until !re are m op]a h\ses 
?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 ! ,am]ican girl w /ill
 be oblig$ to g to ,europe = exp]i5ce & 
r\t9e4 ,9 ,europe x is all s mu* easi]4 
,e little city & t[n has its own op]a   
h\se1 :]e regul> p]=mances are giv5 &   
:]e "y s+]s c try _! w+s & ga9 exp]i5ce4
 ,! conductor w (t5 help & coa* ! s+] & 
nev] expect a fee = x4   ,,! ,,"y ,,s+] 
,,be=e ,,an ,,audi5ce  ,! s+] :o wi%es  
to make a c>e] 9 conc]t1 %\ld con/antly 
/udy to d ?+s easily & gracefully4 ,%e  
is graci\s 9 mann]1 & s+s to ! p z ?\gh 

x gave h] p]sonal pleasure to /& be=e   
!m4 ,%e has a happy expression (        
c\nt5ance2 %e is simple1 unaffect$ &    
s9c]e4 ,m ?an all ?is h] s++ mu/ be     
fill$ ) s5tim5t & s\l2 x mu/ be deeply  
felt or x w n t\* o!rs4 ,( :at use w be 
! mo/ elaborate te*nic 9 ! _w if !re is 
no s\l back ( x4 ,s ! "y s+] cultivates 
?is p[] ( expression1 :i* gr[s ) con/ant
 ef=t4 ,! arti/ has le>n$ to %>e h] gift
 ( song ) h] audi5ce1 & s+s /raight     
across into ! he>ts ( h] li/5]s4 ,! less
 exp]i5c$ s+] pr(its by h] example4     
,%all ! s+] c>ry h] music 9 a song      
recital1 is a mu* discuss$ "q4 ,_m come 
on ) no?+ 9 h&4 ,:at !n happ5s8 ,! h&s  
are clasp$ 9 supplication1 z ?\gh pray+ 
= help4 ,?is attitude becomes some:at   
h>r[+ :5 held = a :ole program4 ,o!r    
s+]s toy ) *a9 or fan1 movem5ts :i* may 
be v inappropriate to ! s5tim5t ( ! song
 !y are s++4 ,= myself ,i pref] to hold 
9 h& a small book conta9+ ! words ( my  
songs1 = x seems to be m graceful &     
,jess obtrusive ?an ! o!r ways ,i h     

m5tion$4 ,i nev] ref] to ?is little     
book1 z ,i "k ! words ( my songs        
backw>d2 ,i c\ld rise 9 ! middle ( !    
night & g ?r\gh ! program )\t a glance  
at words or music1 s ?or\ghly d ,i "k   
:at ,i am s++4 ,!re=e ,i d n ne$ ! book 
( words1 b ,i %all always c>ry x1 no    
matt] :at ! critics may say4 ,& :y %\ld 
n ! executive arti/ reassure himself by 
hav+ 8 music ) him8 ,x seems to me a    
piani/ w\ld feel s mu* m c]ta9 ( himself
 if he _h ! notes be=e him2 he ( c\rse  
ne$ n look at !m1 b _! pres5ce w\ld take
 away ! fe> t is (t5 an obsession4 ,) ! 
notes at h& he c\ld let himself g1 give 
free reign to fancy1 )\t ! t]rible      
anxiety he mu/ (t5 feel4   ,,op]a ,,or  
,,conc]t  ,p (t5 ask :e!r ,i pref] to s+
 9 op]a or conc]t4 ,i always answ]1 ,i  
love bo?4 ,i enjoy op]a = _m reasons2 ,i
 love ! conc]t "w1 & ,i am also v fond (
 oratorio4 ,( c\rse 9 ! op]a ,i am      
necess>ily re/ra9$2 ,i c nev] be ,fri$a 
,hempel1 ,i mu/ always be "s "o else2 ,i
 mu/ always ?9k ( ! o!rs :o are play+ ) 

me4 ,9 conc]t ,i c be myself & express  
myself4 ,i get ne> ! p2 !y are my fri5ds
 & ,i am !irs4 ,i am mu* 9 _s ) oratorio
 also4   ,,coloratura ,,or ,,dramatic   
,d ,i ?9k ! coloratura voice w ev]      
become dramatic8 ,x dep5ds on ! quality 
( ! voice4 ,i ?9k e dramatic s+] %\ld   
cultivate coloratura to "s ext5t--%\ld  
/udy smoo? legato scales & passages4 ,to
 li/5 to "s ( ! dramatic rles ( to-day1 
"o w\ld ?9k t smoo? legato s++ 0 a lo/  
art4 ,no?+ c take its place1 h[ev]1 &   
s+]s %\ld realize ?is fact4  ,miss      
,hempel believes t e s+]1 no matt] h[   
great1 %\ld realize ! advantage (       
con/ant advice f a capable tea*]1 9 ord]
 to prev5t ! =m+ ( undesirable habits4  
,%e also consid]s ,vocal ,ma/]y implies 
! p]fection ( ev]y?+ connect$ ) s++2 t  
is to say1 p]fect brea? control1 p]fect 
placem5t ( ! voice1 p]fect tone         
production1 toge!r ) all requisite      
grace1 feel+ & expressiv5ess4     ,,)   
,,! ,,ma/] ,,tea*]s     ,,xxii  ,,david 
,,bispham  ,,! ,,mak+ ,,( ,,arti/ ,,s+]s

   ,if we 7 ask$ to "n "o ( ! be/ kn[n1 
& be/ lov$ ( ,am]ican s+]s1 ! *oice w\ld
 surely fall on ,david ,bispham4 ,?is   
arti/1 ?r\gh 8 vocal1 l+ui/ic &         
hi/rionic gifts1 8 s]i\s aims & high    
ideals1 has ende>$ himself to musicians 
& music lov]s alike4 ,we are all pr\d ( 
him z an ,am]ican1 & take a sort (      
p]sonal pride 9 8 a*ievem5ts4  ,mr4     
,bispham has be5 be=e ! public z        
actor-s+] = _m ye>s4 ,!re is no o!r     
arti/ 9 ! ,engli%-speak+ _w :o has _h   
great] exp]i5ce 9 all k9ds ( vocal "w   
?an ?is ,quak] ,s+]1 z he calls himself1
 = he comes f ,philadelphia1 & is ( old 
,engli%1 ,quak]1 ,colonial /ock4 ,8     
pr(essional db 0 made 9 ,london1 9      
#ahia1 ) ! ,royal ,engli% ,op]a         
,company1 z ! ,duc ,de ,longueville1 9 !
 beautiful ,op]a ,comique1 ,! ,baso*e1  
by ,messag]4 ,! foll[+ ye> he appe>$ 9  
,wagn]ian ,music ,drama at ! ,royal     
,op]a1 ,cov5t ,g>d51 p]=m+ ! "p (       
,kurw5al1 9 ,tri/an & ,isolde1 )\t      
rehe>sal4 ,8 adaptability to music 9    

,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,italian & ,g]man1 caus$
 him to be at once accept$ z a memb] ( t
 di/+ui%$ company4  ,9 #ahif1 ,mr4      
,bispham jo9$ ! =ces ( ! ,metropolitan  
,op]a ,h\se1 ,new ,york1 & rema9$ !re = 
a numb] ( ye>s1 s++ ea* season          
alt]nately on bo? sides ( ! ocean4 ,(   
rec5t ye>s he has devot$ mo/ ( 8 "t to  
conc]ts1 ?\gh he is "o ( ! f\nd]s &     
(fic]s ( ! ,society ( ,am]ican ,s+]s1 ) 
:i* arti/ic body he frequ5tly appe>s 9 !
 classic op]as ( ,moz>t1 ,p]golesi1     
,donizetti & o!rs4  ,my fir/ conf]5ce ) 
,mr4 ,bispham 0 held 9 8 ,new ,york     
/udio4 ,"h1 9 ?is arti/ic retreat :]e   
absolute quiet reigns1 ?\gh locat$ 9 !  
he>t ( ! great city's busy life1 ! not$ 
s+] tea*es & works out 8 programs &     
v>i\s *>act]izations4   ,,! ,,problem   
,,( ,,brea? ,,control  ,! s+] %\ld brea!
 z easily & naturally z animals & p d :5
 !y sleep1 he began4 ,b we are awake :5 
we s+2 correct brea? control1 !re=e1 mu/
 be c>efully /udi$1 & is ! result (     
und]/&+ & exp]i5ce4 ,! be/ art conceals 

art4 ,! aim is to produce tones ) !     
utmo/ ease & naturalness1 ?\gh ^! mu/ be
 ga9$ ) pati5t toil4 ,a *ild patt+ !    
keybo>d ) 8 t9y h&s1 is unconsci\sly    
natural & at ease1 ?\gh he does n "k :at
 he is do+2 ! great piani/ is consci\sly
 at ease because he und]/&s pr9ciples ( 
ease & relaxation1 & has acquir$ !      
necess>y control ?r\gh ye>s ( tra9+4  ,!
 s+] acquires managem5t ( ! brea? ?r\gh 
correct position & action ( 8 anatomy4  
,! body is held erect1 *e/ active2 !    
network ( abdom9al muscles con/antly ga9
 /r5g? z !y le>n to pu%1 pu%1 pu% ! air 
up ?r\gh ! lungs to ! w9dpipe1 !n ?r\gh 
! m\? & nasal cavities4 ,mr4 ,bispham   
illu/rat$ ea* po9t 9 8 own p]son z he   
describ$ x4  ,:5 ! mann] ( tak+ brea?1 &
 ! way to develop ! diaphragm & abdom9al
 muscles1 is und]/ood1 t is only a      
beg9n+4 ,managem5t ( ! brea? is an art 9
 itself4 ,! s+] mu/ "k :at to d ) !     
brea? once he has tak5 x 91 or he may   
let x out 9 qu>ts ! mom5t he op5s 8 m\?4
 ,he has to le>n h[ mu* he ne$s = ea*   

phrase4 ,he le>ns h[ to cons]ve ! brea?2
 & :ile x is n desirable to hold "o tone
 to att5uation1 t ! gall]y may gasp )   
a/oni%m5t1 z "s s+]s d1 yet x is well to
 le>n to d all "o conv5i5tly c ) "o     
inhalation1 provid$ ! phrase p]mits x4  
,,te*nical ,,mat]ial  ,i give _m        
vocalizes & ex]cises1 :i* ,i inv5t to   
fit ! ne$s ( ea* pupil4 ,i d n require  
!m to be writt5 d[n1 simply rememb]$4   
,at ! next lesson q a diff]5t set (     
ex]cises may be recomm5d$4 ,i also make 
ex]cises out ( famili> tunes or !mes f  
op]atic airs4 ,x w be f\nd t te*nical   
mat]ial 9 ! v>i\s manuals is (t5 *os5 f 
su* s\rces1 s :y n use !m 9 _! orig9al  
=m4 ,?us :ile ! /ud5t is /udy+ te*nic he
 is also acquir+ mu* beautiful mat]ial1 
:i* w be ( great value to him lat] on4  
,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,rep]toire  ,rep]toire  
is a wide subject & (f]s a fasc9at+ /udy
 to ! vocal /ud5t4 ,he mu/ h bo?        
imag9ation & s5tim5t1 also ! ability to 
portray1 ?r\gh movem5t & facial         
expression1 ! v>i\s moods & /ates (     

feel+ indicat$ by words & music4  ,9    
tak+ up a new rle1 ,i read ! /ory to get
 at ! k]nel or plot1 & see :at x means4 
,! compos] fir/ saw ! words ( poem or   
libretto1 & ^! sugge/$ to him suitable  
music4 ,s ! s+] beg9s 8 "w by c>efully  
read+ ! words4  ,i !n h ! music ( ! :ole
 "w play$ = me on ! piano1 s z to       
discov] its tr5d & mean+--its cont5t4   
,if ! compos] is available ,i ask him to
 d ?is4 ,i next beg9 to /udy my own "p 9
 detail1 n only ! important sections b !
 little bits1 :i* seem s small1 b are   
(t5 s difficult to rememb]4             
,,*>act]ization  ,"u ?is head ! s+]     
spoke at l5g? ( ! difficulty "s s+]s    
enc\nt] :5 !y endeavor to portray "*1 or
 diff]5tiate emotions4 ,!re is endless  
scope 9 ?is l9e1 to ex]cise intellig5ce 
& imag9ation4  ,"s s+]s1 cont9u$ !      
arti/1 seem incapable ( *>act]iz+ a rle 
or song4 ,!y c d :at ,i call 'flat "w1' 
b _c individualize a rle4 ,a s+] may h a
 beautiful voice yet n be temp]am5tal2  
he may h no gift = act+1 nor be able to 

d "* "w4  ,at ! pres5t mom5t ,i am      
prep>+ sev]al new rles1 ?ree ( !m are ( 
old m54 ,x re/s ) me to ext]nalize ^!   
?ree 9 su* a way t !y %all all be       
diff]5t1 yet consi/5t ) ! *>act]s z ,i  
und]/& !m4 ,ea* make-up mu/ be          
di/9ctive1 & my "w is to portray ! p>ts 
z ,i see & feel !m4 ,i mu/ get into !   
sk9 ( ea* "*1 s to say1 !n act z ,i     
conceive t p>ticul> p]son w\ld behave "u
 l circum/ances4 ,_m s+]s _c act1 & mo/ 
actors _c s+4 ,:5 ! two are comb9$ we h 
a s++ actor1 or an actor-s+]4 ,once !re 
0 a popul> belief t x 0 n necess>y = !  
s+] to "k mu* ab\t act+--if he only _h a
 voice & c\ld s+4 ,! pres5t is *ang+ all
 t4 ,_m ( u realize h[ v mu* /udy is    
requir$ to p]fect ?is side ( our art4   
,9 ?is connection ,i am rem9d$ ( my     
,london db4 ,i 0 to make x ) ! ,royal   
,engli% ,op]a ,company4 ,!y he>d me ?ree
 times be=e decid+ to take me on4 ,) ?is
 =mality ov]1 rehe>sals began4 ,i soon  
f\nd t my ideas ( h[ my rle--an         
important "o--0 to be act$1 did n always

 co9cide ) ! views ( ! /age director1 & 
!re 7 ructions4 ,! manag] saw h[ ?+s 7  
go+1 & advis$ me to accept seem+ly !    
ideas ( ! /age director dur+ rehe>sals1 
b to /udy act+ ) ! highe/ au?orities &  
!n "w out ! conception aft] my own      
ideas4 ,accord+ly1 ,i sp5t an h\r daily1
 be=e ! morn+ rehe>sal1 ) "o ( ! f9e/   
actors ( com$y to be f\nd 9 ,london4    
,lat] 9 ! day1 aft] rehe>sal1 ,i sp5t   
ano!r h\r ) a great tragic actor4 ,?us  
,i work$ 9 bo? l9es1 z my "p 0 a mixture
 ( ! tragic & ! comic4 ,i put 9 sev]al  
weeks ( v h>d "w 9 ?is way1 & felt ,i _h
 ga9$ greatly4 ,( c\rse ?is 0 entirely  
on ! hi/rionic side1 b x gives an idea (
 ! prep>ation "o ne$s4  ,:5 ! day ( !   
dress rehe>sal arriv$1 ,i appe>$ on !   
sc5e 9 full regalia1 clean %av5 7,i _h  
be5 we>+ a be>d until !n71 & p]=m$ my   
rle z ,i _h conceiv$ x1 reg>dless ( !   
peculi> ideas ( ! /age director4 ,at !  
fir/ p]=mance ,i made a hit1 & a little 
lat] 0 engag$ = gr& op]a at ,cov5t      
,g>d51 :]e ,i rema9$ = t5 ye>s4   ,,k   

,,( ,,anatomy  ,:ile ,i believe 9       
und]/&+ "o's anatomy suffici5tly = prop]
 tone production1 & all t goes ) x1 !re 
are _m peculi> & unnecess>y fads &      
tricks resort$ to by ^? :o call !mselves
 tea*]s ( s++4 ,! m fanta/ic ! !ories   
inculcat$ by ^! p1 ! m ! unw>y /ud5ts   
seem to believe 9 !m4 ,p l to be delud$1
 y "k4 ,b ,i am n able to gratify _!    
desires 9 ?is direction2 = ,i c't lie   
ab\t music6  ,i 0 pres5t at a vocal     
lesson giv5 by "o ( ^! s-call$          
in/ructors4 ',y mu/ s+ 9 su* a way t !  
tone w seem to come out ( ! back ( y\r  
head1' he told ! pupil1 & he wav$ 8 arms
 ab\t 8 head z ?\gh he 7 draw+ ! tone   
out visibly4 ,ano!r pupil 0 plac$ flat  
on 8 back1 !n told to brea! z ?\gh he 7 
asleep1 & !n _h to s+ 9 t position4     
,ano!r tea*] ,i "k ( makes pupils eject 
spit-balls ( tissue pap] at ! ceil+1 to 
le>n ! alleg$ prop] control ( ! brea?4  
,:at crim9al nons5se ?is is6  ,z ,i h   
said1 ,i believe 9 kn[+ :at is necess>y 
ab\t anatomy1 b n 9 too great measure4  

,a new book w soon be issu$1 ,i am told1
 :i* actually dissects ! human body1 %[+
 e bone & muscle 9 any way connect$ )   
brea? or voice4 ,all ?is may be ( int]e/
 z a matt] ( rese>*1 b mu/ "o g into su*
 m9utiae 9 ord] to tea* s++8 ,i ?9k !   
answ] mu/ ev] be 9 ! negative4 ,y might 
z well talk to a gold-fi% 9 a b[l-& say3
 ',if y desire to proce$ lat]ally to !  
"r1 k9dly oscillate g5tly y\r s9i/]     
dorsal f91 & y w a*ieve ! desir$        
result4' ,oh1 ,art1 :at s9s are committ$
 9 ?y "n6   ,,9 ,,! ,,/udio  ,x is (t5  
affirm$ t an arti/ f9ds exp]i5ce ! be/  
tea*]4 ,x mu/ be equally true t !       
arti/-tea*] ( wide exp]i5ce 9 bo?       
p]=mance & in/ruction1 %\ld be a safe   
guide1 j because ( ?is v>i$ exp]i5ce4   
,i 0 impress$ ) ?is fact :5 ,i rec5tly  
_h ! privilege ( visit+ ,mr4 ,bispham's 
/udio dur+ lesson h\rs1 & li/5+ to 8    
in/ruction4 ,a mo/ int]e/+ sanctum is   
?is /udio1 fill$ z x is ) s\v5irs &     
pictures ( ! arti/'s long c>e] on !     
op]atic /age4 ,"h hangs a draw+ 9 color 

( ,bispham z ,telramund1 9 %9+ *a9      
armor2 !re a life-size portrait z       
,bee?ov51 & aga9 z himself4 ,9 ! mid/ ( 
all is ! ma/]1 seat$ at a table4 ,9     
front ( him1 at ! piano1 /&s ! /ud5t4 ,x
 is an ,engli% song %e is at "w on1 =   
,mr4 ,bispham ?or\ghly believes 9 ma/]+ 
,engli% z well z o!r languages4  ,h[    
al]t he is z he sits !re2 h[ ke5 ( eye &
 e>4 ,n ! slighte/ fault escapes him4   
,he (t5 s+s ! phrase himself1 !n calls =
 its repetition4  ,s+ t passage aga92   
!re is a tone 9 x t is n pleasant--n    
well-s\nd+2 make x beautiful6 ,c>eful ( 
y\r consonants !re1 !y are n di/9ct2 let
 !m be cle>]1 b don't make !m ov]       
di/9ct4 ,don't scoop up ! ends ( !      
phrases2 make ! tones ?is way2 & he     
illu/rates repeat$ly4 ,s+ ?is phrase 9  
"o brea? if y c1 if n1 brea! "h--       
indicat+ ! place4  ,! /ud5t n[ takes up 
an ,italian aria4 ,( c\rse ! ma/] tea*] 
has no ne$ ( pr9t$ score2 he kn[s !     
arias by he>t4 ,he m]ely jots d[n a few 
rem>ks on a slip ( pap]1 to be ref]r$ to

 lat]4  ,! aria goes q well4 ,at its    
close ! s+] goes to h] seat & ano!r     
takes h] place4 ,a voice ( ri*1 w>m     
timbre4 ,m ,engli%--& x mu/ be mo/      
exact1 to suit ,mr4 ,bispham's fa/idi\s 
e>4  ,make ! ^w fire 9 "o syllable1 n   
two4 ,d n op5 ! m\? q s wide on ! ^w    
desire1 =1 by do+ s y lose ! balance & !
 tone is n s good4   ,,vocalizes  ,ano!r
 /ud5t--) a f9e t5or--0 ask$ to vocalize
 = a numb] ( m9utes4 ,he sang asc5d+ &  
desc5d+ tone-figures1 sometimes do+ !m 9
 "o brea?1 at o!rs tak+ a fre% brea? at 
top4 ,"s ( ! syllables us$ 73 la1 ma1   
may1 & mi4 ,he !n sang s+le tones1      
swell+ & dim9i%+ ea*4 ,x 0 f\nd t pass+ 
f =te to piano 0 mu* m difficult ?an    
swell+ f s(t to l\d4  ,! aria ,be n     
afraid1 0 n[ tak5 up2 x 0 pron\nc$ "o ( 
! mo/ difficult solos ev] writt51 & a v 
valuable composition = vocal tra9+4  ,y 
s+ t phrase too l\d1 caution$ !         
in/ructor4 ,?is is n a human be+ :o is  
speak+1 r x is a heav5ly voice4 ,t high 
note ( ! phrase %\ld be made s(t]1 m    

e!real4 ,make x a "y tone--put ! quality
 ( ,spr+ into x4 ,! :ole ?+ %\ld be m   
spiritual or spiritualiz$4 ,n[ g ?r\gh x
 aga9 f beg9n+ to end4  ,:5 ?is 0 f9i%$ 
a halt 0 call$2 !re _h be5 en\gh "w done
 = t day4 ,soon ! class 0 dismiss$4 ,!  
"y s+]s--"s if n all ( !m kn[n ^u !     
conc]t /age--fil$ out4 ,"o "y woman     
rema9$2 %e 0 to h a drama lesson4 ,!    
ma/] ( s++ %[$ himself equally effici5t 
z ma/] ( ,engli% diction = ! spok5      
drama4  ,& "h1 = a "t1 we mu/ leave him 
at 8 "w4     ,,xxiii  ,,osc> ,,sa5g]    
,,use ,,( ,,records ,,9 ,,vocal ,,/udy  
,mr4 ,osc> ,sa5g] has be5 t]m$ mak] (   
arti/s1 s9ce a numb] ( our great s+]s h 
come f "u 8 capable h&s4 ,he has a r>e  
gift = imp>t+ in/ruction 9 a way t is   
concise & conv9c+4 ,a man ( wide        
exp]i5ce1 pr(\nd k ( 8 subject1 comm&+  
p]sonality & w9n+ c\rtesy1 he impresses 
all :o come )9 8 radius t he kn[s :]e(  
he speaks4 ,a man :o kn[s :at he kn[s is
 "o to be foll[$4  ,mr4 ,sa5g] _h j     
return$ f a season ( travel ov] ,am]ica 

z f> z ! ,coa/4 ,a mo/ pr(itable trip he
 call$ x1 fill$ ) _m int]e/+ & unique   
exp]i5ces4 ,he _h be5 lectur+ also1 9 a 
numb] ( cities1 on 8 new me?od ( vocal  
/udy ) ! aid ( ! ,victor ,talk+ ,ma*9e4 
,:5 he le>n$ ,i _h come expressly to ask
 = 8 ideas on vocal te*nic & /udy1 he   
said3  ,i ?9k y w be int]e/$ to he> ab\t
 my late/ hobby1 ! /udy ( s++ ) ! aid ( 
records4 ,!n he plung$ at once into !   
mo/ absorb+ly int]e/+ acc\nt ( 8 ideas &
 a*ievem5ts 9 ?is l9e ,i _h ev] li/5$   
to4   ,,tea*]1 ,,arti/ ,,& ,,accompani/ 
,,9 ,,"o  ,?is is my own idea1 ( comb9+ 
! tea*]1 arti/ & accompani/ 9 "o tr9ity1
 he began4 ,&1 by ! way1 my idea is n[  
pat5t$ 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,x is ! result ( n9e 
ye>s' ?\ght & labor1 be=e ! idea c\ld be
 br\ght out 9 its f9i%$ =m4 ,! design   
has be5 to make ! me?od & its           
elucidation s simple t ! girl f a small 
t[n c und]/& x4  ,! me?od consi/s (     
tw5ty lessons = ea* ( ! five k9ds (     
voices3 ,soprano1 ,mezzo-,soprano1      
,t5or1 ,b>itone & ,bass4 ,ea* portfolio 

holds tw5ty records1 toge!r ) a book    
conta9+ m9ute directions = /udy+ & us+ !
 records4 ,i believe t any "o1 ) good   
intellig5ce1 :o wi%es to le>n to s+1 c  
take ! book & records & beg9 8 /udies1  
ev5 ?\gh he has nev] sung be=e4 ,he c   
?us prep>e himself = future lessons4 ,= 
y mu/ und]/& ?is me?od is n meant to    
replace ! tea*]1 b to aid ! tea*]4 ,i c 
assure y x aids him 9 ways )\t numb]4 ,x
 gives him a p]fect exempl> to illu/rate
 8 pr9ciples4 ,if he be fatigu$1 or     
unable to s+ ! passage 9 "q1 "h is an   
arti/ :o is nev] we>i$1 :o is always    
ready to d x = him4 ,i myself con/antly 
use ! records 9 my lessons4 ,if ,i h    
taught a numb] ( consecutive h\rs1 x is 
a relief to turn to ! arti/'s record &  
save my own voice4   ,,simplicity  ,z ,i
 h said1 ! design has be5 to make ev]y?+
 pla9 & simple4 ,i wrote ! book & s5t x 
to ! ,victor p4 ,!y return$ x1 say+ ,i  
_h writt5 an excell5t book1 b x 0 n     
simple en\gh4 ,!y propos$ s5d+ a man to 
me :o 0 nei!r a musician nor a s+]4 ,if 

,i c\ld make my mean+ cle> en\gh = him  
to und]/&1 x 0 likely ! girl f a little 
,we/]n t[n c\ld grasp x4  ,s ?is man    
came & we work$ toge!r4 ,if ,i talk$    
ab\t head tones1 he want$ to "k :at ,i  
meant2 if ab\t ?roaty tones1 ,i _h to   
make ^! cle> to him4 ,:5 he und]/ood1 ,i
 0 sure any "o c\ld und]/&4  ,?us !     
books z !y /& came into be+4 ,! records 
!mselves repres5t an imm5se am\nt ( c>e 
& ef=t4 ,w y believe we _h to make ov]  
two ?\s& 9 ord] to secure ! "o hundr$   
ne$$ = ! pres5t s]ies8 ,! slighte/      
imp]fection is en\gh to r5d] an o!rwise 
p]fect record useless4 ,ev5 ! arti/s    
!mselves w\ld sometimes become disc\rag$
 at ! enorm\s difficulties4 ,x is       
n]ve-rack+ "w1 = "o mu/ be on t5sion all
 ! "t4   ,,imitation ,a ,,fundam5tal    
,,pr9ciple  ,if y are int]e/$1 ,i w g a 
little m into detail4 ,! ma9 idea ( ?is 
unique me?od ( /udy1 is imitation4 ,e   
human be+ likes to imitate--f ! t9y *ild
 to ! adult4 ,act+ ^u ?is idea1 we take 
! arti/ z model4 ,ev]y?+ ! model does1 !

 /ud5t /rives to imitate4 ,by means ( ! 
record1 x is possible = ! /ud5t to d ?is
 ov] & ov] aga91 until he has le>n$ to  
copy x z accurately z x is possible4 ,& 
"h is :]e ! k & exp]i5ce ( ! tea*] come 
94 ,dur+ ! lesson he te/s ea* tone1 ea* 
phrase1 advis+ ! pupil h[ ne>ly he      
approa*es ! p]fect model1 or %[+ him 8  
faults & :y he does n succe$ 9 imitat+ !
 model m correctly4   ,,= ,,beg9n]s  ,d 
y mean to say1 ,mr4 ,sa5g]1 t ?is me?od 
( vocal /udy c be tak5 up by "o :o kn[s 
really no?+ ( ! voice1 or s++1 & c be   
us$ ) success2 t su* a p]son c become a 
s+] ?r\gh self-/udy8  ,x is inde$       
possible1 0 ! answ]2 & x is be+ done e  
day4 ,if ! /ud5t has mu* intellig5ce1   
det]m9ation & conc5tration1 %e c le>n to
 s+ f ^! directions & ^! records4 ,!y   
are a great boon to "y aspirants 9 small
 t[ns1 :]e !re are really no good       
tea*]s4 ,9 su* places local tea*]s c    
/udy & tea* f ^! records4  ,aga91 y (t5 
f9d p too %y1 or too a%am$ to g to a    
tea*] = a voice trial or lessons4 ,!y   

want to s+--e "o w\ld l to d t2 b !y    
don't "k h[ to g at x4 ,) ^! records !y 
c beg9 to /udy1 & ?us get ready = lat]  
lessons4 ,) ^! records ^? :o are f> f a 
music c5t] c h ! b5efit ( exp]t         
in/ruction at small co/4 ,i might "w ) a
 pupil = sev]al mon?s 9 ! ord9>y        
way--)\t ! records--& n be able to tea* 
him ev5 ) half ! accuracy & quickness   
obta9able by ! new me?od4   ,,!         
,,accompani/  ,all s+]s "k h[ important1
 h[ necess>y x is to h s]vices ( an     
exp]t accompani/4 ,! /ud5t ( ?is me?od  
has "o at h& e h\r ( ! day2 a tireless  
accompani/1 :o is will+ to repeat )\t   
compla9t1 z (t5 z necess>y4   ,,!       
,,speak+ ,,voice  ,a v important bran* (
 ! "w1 = ! w\ld-be s+]1 is to cultivate 
! speak+ voice4 ,tones 9 speak+ %\ld    
always be made beautiful & resonant4    
,ev5 9 *ildr5 a pleasant quality ( voice
 9 speak+ c be acquir$4 ,mo!rs & tea*]s 
c be tra9$ to "k & produce beautiful    
tones4 ,! e> mu/ be cultivat$ to "k a   
pure1 beautiful tone & to love x4       

,,brea?+ ,,ex]cises  ,! managem5t ( !   
brea? is a mo/ important factor1 z !    
life ( ! tone dep5ds on ! cont9uance ( !
 brea?4 ,! /ud5t mu/ cultivate ! p[] (  
quickly inhal+ a full brea? & ( exhal+ x
 s gradually t %e c s+ a phrase la/+ f  
t5 to tw5ty seconds4 ,?is ne$s mon?s (  
ardu\s practice4 ,9 all brea?+1 inhale  
?r\gh ! nose4 ,! l[] jaw dur+ s++ %\ld  
be entirely relax$4  ,! tone %\ld be    
focus$ j back ( ! upp] front tee?4 ,!   
way to place ! tone =w>d is to ?9k x    
=w>d4 ,! /ud5t mu/ ?9k ! tone into      
place4  ,to 'attack' a tone is to s+ x  
at once1 )\t any scoop+1 & ) free op5   
?roat4 ,:5 ! ?roat is tight5$ ! /ud5t   
loses p[] to attack h] tones 9 ! "r way4
   ,,phras+  ,phras+1 9 a limit$ s5se1  
is simply musical punctuation4 ,9 its   
broad] s5se x is almo/ synonym\s )      
int]pretation4 ,= x has to d n only )   
musical punctuation b ) ! gr\p+ ( tones 
& words 9 su* a way t ! composition is  
r5d]$ intelligible z a :ole1 s z to     
express ! ideas ( ! compos]4 ,?is is :]e

 ! intellectual & musical qualities ( ! 
s+] are br\ght into requisition4 ,%e mu/
 grasp ! cont5t1 :e!r x be song or aria1
 9 ord] to effect ?is gr\p+             
intellig5tly4 ,acc5t1 cresc5do &        
dim9u5do are ! mo/ important factors 9  
phras+4 ,f ! v beg9n+ ! /ud5t %\ld be   
c>eful h[ & :]e %e takes brea? & gives  
acc5t2 !re mu/ always be a reason1 &    
?\ght w g5]ally make ! reason cle>4     
,,tone ,,production  ,! fir/ ?+ to be   
consid]$ is ! position ( ! body2 =      
beauty ( tone _c be obta9$ unless all   
ef=ts h>monize to produce ! desir$      
result4 ,an easy1 graceful1 buoyant     
position is ess5tial2 x c be cultivat$ 9
 front ( a mirror1 f ! fir/ lesson4     
,tone production is ! result ( ?\ght4   
,picture to y\rself a beautiful tone2 s+
 x on ! v[el ,ah4 ,if y /ood 9 rapture  
be=e an entranc+ sc5e y w\ld exclaim1   
,ah1 h[ beautiful4 ,produc+ a beautiful 
tone re/s on c]ta9 conditions4 ,fir/1   
brea? control2 ,second1 ,fre$om ( ?roat2
 ,?ird1 ,correct focus ( tone4  ,we "k t

 a /iff jaw & tongue are ! greate/      
h9drances to ! emission ( good tone4    
,muscles ( *9 & tongue mu/ be tra9$ to  
become relax$ & flexible4 ,d n /iff5 !  
jaw or protrude ! *91 else y\r appe>ance
 w be pa9ful & y\r tones faulty4  ,to   
?9k ! tone =w>d is q z important z to s+
 x =w>d4 ,)\t ! m5tal impression (      
correct plac+1 ! reality _c exi/4 ,x is 
mu* bett] to ?9k ! tone =w>d = five     
m9utes & s+ "o m9ute1 ?an to practice ! 
rev]se4 ,"o %\ld practice 9 fifte5-m9ute
 p]iods & re/ at lea/ t5 m9utes betwe54 
,! /ud5t %\ld nev] s+ m ?an two h\rs a  
day--"o 9 ! morn+ & "o 9 ! aft]noon4 ,z 
mo/ s+]s love _! "w1 _m are incl9$ to   
ov]do4  ,d n tamp] ) ! two or ?ree      
extreme upp] or l[] tones ( y\r voice   
le/ y /ra9 & ru9 x p]man5tly4 ,nev]     
practice :5 suff]+ f a cold4  ,ideal    
attack is ! tone :i* />ts )\t any       
scoop+1 brea?9ess or explosiv5ess4      
,brea! noiselessly1 ! secret ( :i* is to
 brea! f d[n1 up4 ,faulty emissions (   
tone are3 nasal1 guttural1 ?roaty &     

tremul\s4 ,i w give y examples ( all ^! 
f ! record ,no4 #cc1 :i* w %[ y fir/ !  
fault & !n ! p]fect example4 ,if ! pupil
 /udies ^! p]fect emissions ( tone &    
tries to imitate !m1 !re is no ne$ = h] 
to h ! common faults m5tion$4   ,,su/a9$
 ,,tones  ,! next /ep is to /udy su/a9$ 
tones4 ,z y see ! arti/ beg9s 9 ! middle
 ( h] voice--always ! be/ way--& s+s a  
:ole tone on ,a1 ) ! syllable ,ah1      
always wait+ a :ole measure = ! pupil to
 imitate ! tone4 ,next %e s+s ,a flat & 
s on d[n to l[] ,a1 ! pupil imitat+ ea* 
tone4 ,%e n[ returns to middle ,a &     
asc5ds by half /eps to ,e natural1 !    
pupil copy+ ea* tone aft] x is sung by !
 arti/4  ,! tone %\ld be free1 r\nd &   
full1 b n l\d1 & ! aim be to pres]ve !  
same quality ?r\gh\t4 ,d n ?r[ or pu% ! 
tone1 b sp9 x4   ,,unit+ ,,sev]al       
,,tones  ,we fir/ beg9 by unit+ two     
tones1 smoo?ly & ev5ly1 !n ?ree 9 ! same
 way4 ,aft] ea* pair or gr\p ( tones1 ! 
accompanim5t is repeat$ & ! pupil       
imitates :at ! arti/ has j sung4 ,n[    

comes ! unit+ ( five tones1 up & d[n2   
aft] ?is ! scale ( "o octave4 ,! scale  
%\ld be sung easily ) mod]ate tone      
quality4 ,a slight acc5t c be giv5 to ! 
fir/ & la/ tones ( ! scale4 ,we all     
realize ! scale is "o ( ! mo/ important 
ex]cises = ! build+ ( ! voice2 ! prec$+ 
ex]cises h prep>$ = x4   ,,arpeggios  ,=
 imp>t+ flexibility to ! voice1 no?+ c  
exce$ ! ,arpeggio1 b l all vocal        
ex]cises1 x mu/ be produc$ ) precision (
 tone1 s++ ea* int]val cle>ly1 ) c>eful 
intonation1 always /riv+ = beauty (     
tone4  ,!re are v>i\s =ms ( arpeggios to
 be us$4 ,! second =m is c>ri$ a ?ird   
above ! octave2 ! ?ird =m a fif? above4 
,?is makes an ex]cise :i* employs e tone
 9 ! scale save "o1 & gives practice 9  
rapid brea?+4 ,rememb]1 t ! note be=e1  
tak+ brea? is slightly %ort5$1 9 ord] to
 give "t = tak+ brea?1 )\t di/urb+ !    
rhy?m4   ,,! ,,trill  ,! trill is p]haps
 ! mo/ difficult ( all vocal ex]cises1  
unless ! s+] is bless$ ) a natural      
trill1 :i* is a r>e gift4 ,we beg9 )    

qu>t] notes1 !n add eigh?s & sixte5?s4  
,?is ex]cise1 if practic$ daily1 w      
produce ! desir$ result4 ,x is tak5 on  
ea* tone ( ! voice--trill+ 9 major      
seconds4   ,,vocalizes  ,! purpose (    
vocalizes is to place & fix ! voice     
accurately & to develop ta/e1 :ile s++  
rhy?mically & elegantly4 ,! records give
 "s ,concone ex]cises1 ably int]pret$ by
 "o ( our be/ kn[n voices4 ,y he> h[ ev5
 & beautiful are ! tones sung1 & y note 
! pauses ( f\r measures betwe5 ea*      
phrase1 to all[ ! /ud5t to repeat !     
phrase1 z be=e4  ,i firmly believe ?is  
me?od ( /udy is b\nd to revolutionize   
vocal /udy & tea*+4 ,y see x goes to ! v
 f\ndation1 & tra9s ! /ud5t to imitate !
 be/ models4 ,x ev5 goes f>!r back1 to !
 *ildr51 tea*+ !m h[ to speak & s+      
correctly1 always mak+ beautiful tones1 
)\t h>%ness or %\t+4 ,"y *ildr5 c le>n  
to s+ tones & phrases f ! records4      
,fur!rmore1 ,i believe ! "t is com+ :5 !
 te*nic & int]pretation ( e in/rum5t w  
be taught 9 ?is way4  ,x is my int5tion 

to foll[ up ?is set ( f\ndational       
records by o!rs :i* w demon/rate !      
int]pretation ( songs & arias z !y are  
sung by our greate/ arti/s4 ,! outlook  
is almo/ limitless4  ,& n[1 d y ?9k ,i h
 answ]$ y\r que/ions ab\t tone          
production1 brea? control & ! re/8      
,p]haps ,i h1 z conv9c+ly z an h\r's    
talk c d4     ,,xxiv  ,,h]b]t ,,)]spoon 
,,memory1 ,,imag9ation1 ,,analysis   ,no
 d\bt ! s]i\s tea*]1 :o may be occupi$ 9
 any bran* ( musical activity1 has (t5  
pictur$ to himself :at an ideal         
in/itution ( musical art might be l1 if 
all /ud5ts assembl$ %\ld /udy ?or\ghly  
_! p>ticul> in/rum5t1 toge!r ) all t    
p]ta9$ to x4 ,!y %\ld by all means      
possess tal5t1 intellig5ce1 indu/ry1 &  
be f> remov$ f a sup]ficial attitude    
t[>d _! *os5 field4 ,! /udio us$ =      
in/ruction 9 ?is imag9$ in/itution1 %\ld
 also be ideal1 quiet1 airy1 home-l1    
arti/ic4  ,"s su* vision p]haps floats  
be=e ! m9ds ( "s ( u tea*]s1 :5 we are 9
 ! mood to dream ( ideal conditions "u  

:i* we w\ld l to see our art "w         
conduct$4  ,x has be5 possible = ,mr4   
,h]b]t ,)]spoon1 ! di/+ui%$ basso &     
tea*]1 to make su* a dream-picture come 
true4 ,= he has e/abli%$ an in/itution (
 vocal art--9 effect if n 9 "n--:]e all 
! subjects connect$ ) s++1 are consid]$ 
& taught 9 ! ord] ( _! significance4 ,n 
less ideal is ! build+ :i* conta9s ^!   
/udios1 = ,mr4 ,)]spoon has fitt$ up 8  
private home z a true abid+ place = !   
muse4  ,at ! close ( a busy day1 m>k$ l 
all ! re/ ) a full complem5t ( lessons1 
! ma/] tea*] 0 will+ to relax a little &
 speak ( ! "w 9 :i* he is s deeply      
absorb$4 ,he apologiz$ = hav+ run ov] ! 
"t ( ! la/ lesson1 say+ he nev] c\ld    
tea* by ! clock4  ,i d n l to call ?is a
 s*ool1 he began1 al?\gh x am\nts to "o 
9 reality1 b only 9 s f> z we take up ! 
v>i\s subjects connect$ ) vocal /udy4 ,i
 consid] languages ( ! highe/           
importance2 we h !m taught "h4 ,!re are 
classes 9 analysis1 9 p$agogy--tea*+    
tea*]s h[ to in/ruct o!rs4 ,we h an     

excell5t ma/] = act+ & = /age deportm5t3
 ,i advise t /ud5ts "k some?+ ( act+1   
ev5 if !y d n expect to g 9 = op]a2 !y  
le>n h[ to c>ry !mselves & are m        
graceful & self-possess$ be=e an        
audi5ce4  ,! "w has develop$ f> beyond  
my expectations4 ,!re are ov] two hundr$
 /ud5ts1 & ,i h eight assi/ants1 :o h   
be5 tra9$ by me & "k my ways & me?ods4  
,"s ( ^! give practice lessons to       
/ud5ts1 :o alt]nate !m ) ! lessons giv5 
by me4 ,^! lessons are q reasonable1 & 9
 comb9ation ) my "w1 give ! /ud5t daily 
att5tion4  ,my plan is n to accept e    
applicant :o comes1 b to select ! mo/   
promis+4 ,! applicants mu/ measure up to
 a c]ta9 /&>d be=e !y c ent]4 ,to ?is "o
 fact is due mu* ( our success4  ,& :at 
are ^! requirem5ts8  ,voice1 to beg9 )2 
y\? 7unless ! idea is to tea*71 good    
looks1 musical intellig5ce1 application4
 ,if ! c&idate possesses ^! requisites1 
we beg9 to "w4 ,9 ?ree mon?s' "t x c be 
se5 :e!r ! /ud5t is mak+ suffici5t      
progress to come up to our /&>d4 ,^? :o 

d n are we$$ out4 ,y c readily see t z a
 result ( ?is we$+ process1 we h "s v   
good mat]ial & f9e voices to "w )4  ,we 
h _m musicals & recitals1 bo? public &  
private1 :]e "y s+]s h an opportunity to
 try _! w+s4 ,!re is a mo/ g5]\s1       
unselfi% _s among ! /ud5ts2 !y rejoice 9
 ea* o!rs' success1 ) nev] a h9t (      
jeal\sy4 ,we h _h a numb] ( recitals 9  
bo? ,aeolian & ,c>negie ,halls1 giv5 by 
! arti/ /ud5ts ?is season4 ,on ^!       
occasions ! o!r /ud5ts always att5d &   
take z mu* int]e/ z ?\gh !y 7 giv+ !    
recital !mselves4   ,,bel ,,canto  ,y h 
rem>k$ lately t 's+]s are realiz+ t !   
lo/ art ( bel canto is ! ?+ to /rive = &
 !y are n[ se>*+ = x4' ,c y give a      
little m light on ?is po9t8  ,i h>dly   
meant to say t 9 any s5se ! art ( bel   
canto 0 lo/2 h[ c\ld x be8 ,_m s+]s seem
 to atta* "s uncanny significance to !  
t]m4 ,bel canto means simply beautiful  
s++4 ,:5 y h p]fect brea? control1 &    
di/9ct1 arti/ic enunciation1 y w possess
 bel canto1 because y w produce y\r     

tones & y\r words beautifully4  ,because
 ^! magic words are 9 ! ,italian tongue 
does n mean t !y apply to some?+ only   
possess$ by ,italians4 ,n at all4 ,any  
"o c s+ beautifully :o does s ) ease &  
naturalness1 ! ,am]ican j z well z ^? ( 
any o!r c\ntries4 ,9 fact ,i consid]    
,am]ican voices1 9 g5]al1 bett] tra9$   
?an ^? ( ,italy1 ,g]many or ,france4 ,! 
,italian1 9 p>ticul>1 has v little k ( !
 sci5tific side2 he usually s+s by      
intuition4  ,we ought to h our own /&>ds
 9 judg+ ,am]ican voices2 until we d s1 
we w be con/antly comp>+ !m ) ! voices (
 =eign s+]s4 ,! quality ( ! ,am]ican    
voice is diff]5t f ! quality f\nd 9 !   
voices ( o!r c\ntries4 ,to my m9d ! be/ 
wom5's voices are f\nd "r "h 9 our mid/4
   ,,memory  ,i h also said t !re are   
?ree great factors :i* %\ld =m !        
f\ndation /ones ^u :i* ! s+] %\ld re> 8 
/ructure ( musical a*ievem5t4 ,^!       
factors are ,memory1 ,imag9ation1       
,analysis4 ,i h put memory fir/ because 
x is ! :ole ?+1 s to say4 ,! s+] )\t    

memory--a cultivat$ memory--does n get  
f>4 ,memory lies at ! v f\ndation ( 8   
"w1 & mu/ cont9ue ) x ! :ole j\rney     
?r\gh1 f ! bottom to ! top4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 
y ?9k a beautiful tone1 y try to        
reproduce x4 ,:5 y come to x aga9 y mu/ 
rememb] j h[ y did x be=e4 ,ea* "t y    
repeat ! tone ?is ef=t ( memory comes 91
 until at la/ x has become second nature
 to rememb] & produce ! result2 y n[    
beg9 to d s automatically4  ,z y advance
 !re are words to rememb] z well z notes
 & tones4 ,memory1 ( c\rse1 is j z      
necess>y = ! piani/4 ,he mu/ be able to 
commit l>ge numb]s ( notes1 phrases &   
passages4 ,9 8 case !re are a numb] (   
keys to grasp at once1 b ! s+] c s+ b "o
 tone at a "t4 ,bo? notes & words %\ld  
be memoriz$1 s ! s+] c come be=e !      
audi5ce )\t be+ conf9$ to ! pr9t$ page4 
,:5 act+ is add$ !re is /ill m to       
rememb]4 ,back ( memory /udy lies       
conc5tration2 )\t conc5tration little c 
be accompli%$ 9 any bran* ( art4        
,,imag9ation  ,! c5tral factor is       

imag9ation2 :at c be done )\t x6 ,c y   
?9k ( a musician1 especially a s+]1 )\t 
imag9ation8 ,he may acquire ! lett]--t  
is1 execute ! notes correctly1 b !      
p]=mance is dead1 )\t life or s\l4 ,)   
imag9ation he compreh5ds :at is ! inn]  
mean+ ( ! text1 ! sc5e2 also :at !      
compos] _h 9 m9d :5 he wrote4 ,!n he    
le>ns to express ^! emotions 9 8 own    
voice & action1 ?r\gh ! imag9ative p[]1 
:i* w color 8 tones1 influ5ce 8 action1 
r5d] 8 portrayal in/9ct ) life4         
,imag9ation 9 "s =m is g5]ally inh]5t 9 
all ( u4 ,if x lies dormant1 x c be     
cultivat$ & br\ght to be> ^u ! s+]'s "w4
 ,?is is absolutely ess5tial4           
,,analysis  ,i h put analysis la/       
because x is ! cr[n+ virtue1 ! prime    
necessity4 ,we /udy analysis "h 9 !     
/udios1 le>n+ h[ to sep>ate music into  
its compon5t p>ts1 toge!r ) simple *ord 
=mations1 g5]al =m & /ructure ( !       
pieces1 & s on4 ,c y compreh5d ! d5se   
ignorance ( _m music /ud5ts on ^!       
subjects8 ,!y w come "h to me1 nev] hav+

 analyz$ a bit ( music 9 _! lives1 hav+ 
n an inkl+ ( :at *ord /ructure & =m 9   
music mean4 ,if !y play$ piano ev5 a    
little1 !y c\ld h>dly escape gett+ a    
small notion ( *ord =mation4 ,b         
frequ5tly vocal /ud5ts "k no?+ ( !      
piano4 ,!y are too apt to be sup]ficial4
 ,x is an age ( sup]ficiality--& cramm+3
 we see ^! evils all ! way f ! college  
man d[n4 ,i am a ,yale man & don't l to 
say any?+ ab\t college gov]nm5t1 yet ,i 
_c %ut my eyes to ! fact t m5 may sp5d  
f\r ye>s go+ ?r\gh college & yet n be   
educat$ :5 !y come out4 ,mo/ ( u are 9  
too mu* ( a hurry1 & s fail to take "t  
en\gh to le>n ?+s ?or\ghly2 above all we
 nev] /op to analyze4  ,analysis %\ld   
beg9 at ! v outset ( our vocal or       
in/rum5tal /udy4 ,we analyze ! notes ( !
 music we are s++1 & a little lat] its  
=m4 ,we analyze ! ideas ( ! compos] &   
also our own ?\ghts & ideas1 to try &   
br+ !m 9 h>mony ) 84 ,aft] analyz+ !    
passage be=e u1 we may see x 9 a totally
 diff]5t light1 & s phrase & deliv] x ) 

an entirely diff]5t idea f :at we might 
h done )\t ?is intellig5t /udy4         
,,consci\s ,,or ,,unconsci\s ,,control  
,d y advise consci\s action ( ! p>ts    
compris+ ! vocal in/rum5t1 or d y pref] 
unconsci\s control ( ! in/rum5t1 ) ?\ght
 direct$ to ! ideal quality 9 tone      
production & deliv]y8 0 ask$4  ,by all  
means unconsci\s control1 0 ! emphatic  
answ]4 ,we wi% to produce beautiful     
s\nds2 if ! ?roat is op51 ! brea?+      
correct1 & we h a m5tal concept ( t     
beautiful s\nd1 we are b\nd to produce  
x4 ,x might be almo/ impossible to      
produce correct tones if we ?\ght       
con/antly ab\t e muscle 9 action4 ,!re  
is a great deal ( nons5se talk$ & writt5
 ab\t ! diaphragm1 vocal *ords & o!r    
p>ts ( ! anatomy4 ,x is all "r = ! tea*]
 :o wi%es to be ?or\ghly tra9$1 to "k   
ev]y?+ !re is to "k ab\t ! v>i\s organs 
& muscles2 ,i w\ld n disc\rage ?is4 ,b =
 ! "y s+] ,i consid] x unnecess>y4 ,?9k 
supremely ( ! beautiful tones y desire  
to produce2 li/5 = !m ) ! out] e>--& !  

inn] e>--t is to say--m5tally--& y w he>
 !m4 ,mean:ile1 control is becom+ m & m 
habitual1 until x approa*es p]fection & 
at la/ becomes automatic4 ,:5 t po9t is 
rea*$1 y\r s\nd produc+ in/rum5t does ! 
de$1 :ile y\r :ole att5tion is fix$ on !
 int]pretation ( a ma/] "w1 ! p]=mance (
 :i* requires y\r undivid$ application4 
,if !re is action1 y control t 9 ! same 
way until x also becomes automatic2 !n  
bo? s++ & act+ are spontane\s4   ,,does 
,,! ,,s+] ,,he> ,,himself8  ,?is "q 0   
put to ,mr4 ,)]spoon1 :o answ]$3  ,! s+]
 ( c\rse he>s himself1 & ) /udy le>ns to
 he> himself bett]4 ,9 fact ,i believe !
 lack ( ?is "p ( vocal tra9+ is "o ( !  
greate/ faults ( ! day1 & t ! s+] %\ld  
dep5d m ^u he>+ ! s\nd he makes ?an ^u  
feel+ ! s\nd4 ,9 o!r words1 tra9 ! e>1 !
 c\rt ( ultimate resort1 & ! only       
judge--& =get s5sation z mu* z possible1
 = ! latt] leads to a million           
confusions4  ,und\bt$ly a s+] he>s 9 8  
own voice :at 8 auditors d n he>1 = he  
also he>s ) 8 inn] e>1 b ! s+] mu/ le>n 

to he> 8 own voice z o!rs he> x1 :i* he 
c d p]fectly well4 ,"h we come to       
analysis aga94  ,! phonograph records   
tea* u mu* 9 ?is respect1 al?\gh ,i nev]
 h consid]$ t ! phonograph reproduces ! 
human voice4 ,x comes ne> x 9 "s cases1 
utt]ly fails 9 o!rs1 & ! be/ s+]s d n   
always make ! be/ or mo/ fai?ful        
reproductions4     ,,xxv  ,,yeatman     
,,griffi?  ,,causation   ,! causation ( 
beautiful s++ c only be f\nd ?r\gh a    
pure & velvety production ( ! voice1 &  
?is is acquir$ 9 no o!r way ?an by a    
?or\gh und]/&+ ( :at con/itutes a p]fect
 beg9n+--t is ! attack or />t ( ! tone4 
,if ! tone has a p]fect beg9n+ x mu/    
surely h a p]fect end+4  ,?us ,mr4      
,yeatman ,griffi? began a conf]5ce on ! 
subject ( vocal te*nic & ! art ( song4  
,he _h _h a day cr[d$ to ! brim )       
"w--al?\gh all days 7 usually alike     
fill$--yet he seem$ z fre% & unwe>i$ z  
?\gh ! day _h only j begun4 ,"o felt t  
"h 0 a man :o takes true satisfaction 9 
8 "w ( imp>t+ to o!rs2 8 "w is evid5tly 

n a tiresome task b a real joy4 ,mrs4   
,griffi? %>es ?is joy ( "w ) h] husb&4  
,x is mo/ ideal1 %e says2 we h s gr[n   
into x toge!r2 we love x4  ,z is well   
kn[n1 ?is arti/ pair return$ to _! home 
l& at ! outbreak ( ! w>1 aft] hav+      
resid$ & taught = five ye>s 9 ,london1 &
 previ\s to t = "o ye> 9 ,flor5ce1      
,italy4 ,( c\rse !y 7 bo? s+]s1 giv+    
recitals toge!r1 l ! ,h5s*els1 & appe>+ 
9 conc]t & oratorio4 ,b con/ant public  
activity is incompatible ) a l>ge tea*+ 
practice4 ,"o or ! o!r has to suff]4 ,we
 *ose to d ! tea*+ & sacrifice our      
public c>e]1 said ,mr4 ,griffi?4 ,dur+ !
 five ye>s 9 :i* ^! arti/s h resid$ 9   
,new ,york1 !y h accompli%$ mu*2 _!     
influ5ce has be5 an arti/ic impulse t[>d
 ! ideals ( beautiful s++4 ,among _! _m 
arti/ pupils :o are mak+ names =        
!mselves1 x may be m5tion$ t ,flor5ce   
,macbe?1 a *>m+ coloratura soprano1 owes
 mu* ( h] success to _! c>eful guidance4
  ,mi*ael ,angelo has said1 cont9u$ ,mr4
 ,griffi?1 t 'a p]fect />t is our fir/ &

 greate/ assurance ( a p]fect f9i%4' ,& 
n[h]e is ?is precept m truly exemplifi$ 
?an 9 vocal tone production4 ,! tone mu/
 h ! "r beg9n+1 !n x w be "r all ?r\gh4 
,a faulty beg9n+ is to blame = mo/ ( !  
vocal faults & s9s ( s+]s4 ,our c\ntry  
is full ( beautiful natural voices2     
?r\gh lack ( und]/&+ _m ( !m1 ev5 :5    
devot+ "t & money to /udy1 nev] become m
 ?an m$iocre1 :5 !y might h develop$    
into really glori\s voices if !y _h only
 _h ! "r k9d ( treatm5t4   ,,tone       
,,placem5t  ,we he> a great deal ab\t   
tone placem5t 9 ^! days2 ! _w seems to h
 gone mad ov] ! idea4 ,b x is an        
errone\s idea4 ,h[ futile to attempt to 
place ! tone 9 any p>ticul> spot 9 !    
anatomy4 ,y c focus ! tone1 b y _c place
 x4 ,!re is b "o place = x to come f &  
no o!r place4 ,x is ei!r emitt$ )       
arti/ic effect or x is n4 ,if n1 !n !re 
is /iffness & contraction1 & ! tr\ble   
ought to be rem$i$ at once4  ,e "o      
agrees t if ! vocal in/rum5t 7 some?+ we
 c\ld see1 our task w\ld be comp>atively

 easy4 ,x is because ! in/rum5t is hidd5
 t s _m false !ories ab\t x h sprung up4
 ,"o tea*] advocates a high1 active *e/2
 !re=e ! *e/ is held high & rigid1 :ile 
! abdom9al muscles are depriv$ ( ! /r5g?
 !y %\ld h4 ,ano!r advises ?r[+ ! abdom5
 =w>d2 /ill ano!r squ>es ! %\ld]s &     
/iff5s ! neck4 ,^! ?+s d n aid 9 brea?  
control 9 ! lea/2 on ! contr>y !y induce
 rigidity :i* is fatal to easy1 natural 
tone emission4   ,,9 ,,! ,,beg9n+  ,:5 !
 pupil comes to me1 we at once e/abli%  
natural1 easy conditions ( body & an    
und]/&+ ( ! causes :i* produce good     
tone4 ,we !n beg9 to "w on ! v[els4 ,!y 
are ! backbone ( good s++4 ,:5 !y become
 controll$1 !y are !n prec$$ by         
consonants4 ,take ! fir/ v[el1 ,a2 x c  
be prec$$ by all ! consonants ( !       
alphabet "o aft] ano!r1 !n ea* v[el 9   
turn c be treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,we n[ h 
syllables2 ! next /ep is to use words4  
,"h is :]e difficulties sometimes arise 
= ! /ud5t4 ,! ^w becomes p]fectly easy  
to s+ if v[els & consonants are prop]ly 

produc$4 ,:5 !y are n1 words become     
ob/acles4 ,correct und]/&+ w quickly    
obviate ?is4   ,,brea? ,,control  ,brea?
 control is inde$ a vital ne$1 b x %\ld 
n be made a bugbe> to be greatly fe>$4  
,! "y /ud5t imag9es he mu/ inflate !    
lungs almo/ to bur/+1 9 ord] t he may   
take a brea? long en\gh to s+ a phrase4 
,!n1 z soon z he op5s 8 lips1 he all[s  
half ! air he has tak5 9 to escape1 be=e
 he has utt]$ a s\nd4 ,) su* a beg9n+ he
 c only gasp a few notes ( ! phrase4 ,or
 he di/5ds ! muscles at ! wai/ to !     
fulle/ ext5t & fancies ?is is ! secret (
 deep brea?+4 ,9 %ort1 mo/ /ud5ts make !
 brea?+ & brea? control a v difficult   
matt] inde$1 :5 x is1 or %\ld be an act 
mo/ easy & natural4 ,!y d n ne$ ! l>ge  
quantity ( brea? !y imag9e !y d2 = a mu*
 small] am\nt w suffice to d ! "w4 ,i   
tell !m1 ',inhale simply & naturally1 z 
?\gh y inhal$ ! fragrance ( a fl[]4 ,&  
:5 y op5 y\r lips aft] ?is full natural 
brea?1 d n let ! brea? escape2 ! vocal  
*ords w make ! tone1 if y und]/& h[ to  

make a p]fect />t4 ,if ! action is      
correct1 ! vocal *ords w meet2 !y w n be
 held ap>t nor w !y cr[d ea* o!r4 ,all[ 
! diaphragm & respiratory muscles to d  
_! "w1 nev] =c+ !m2 !n y w soon le>n :at
 brea? control 9 s++ means4 ,rememb]    
aga91 n a p>ticle ( brea? %\ld be all[$ 
to escape4 ,e o!r "p ( ! app>atus mu/ be
 p]mitt$ to d its "w1 o!rwise !re w be  
int]f]5ce some:]e4'   ,,causation       
,ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to ! /udy ( vocal te*nic 
& ! art ( s++ may be summ$ up 9 ! "o    
^w--,causation4 ,a cause und]lies e     
effect4 ,if y d n secure ! quality (    
tone y desire1 !re mu/ be a reason = x4 
,y evid5tly d n und]/& ! cause :i* w    
produce ! effect4 ,t is ! reason :y s+]s
 possess+ really beautiful voices       
produce unev5 effects & v>iable results4
 ,!y may s+ a phrase q p]fectly at "o   
mom5t4 ,a %ort "t aft] !y may repeat !  
same phrase 9 q a diff]5t way & n at all
 p]fectly4 ,"o night !y w s+ v          
beautifully2 ! next night y might h>dly 
recognize ! voice1 s *ang$ w\ld be its  

quality4 ,?is w\ld n be ! case if !y    
und]/ood causation4 ,a /ud5t1 rightly   
taught1 %\ld "k ! cause = ev]y?+ he     
does1 h[ he does ?us & s & :y he does x4
 ,a s+] %\ld be able to produce ! voice 
correctly1 no matt] 9 :at position ! rle
 he may be s++ may require ! head or    
body to be 94 ,9 op]a ! head or body may
 be plac$ 9 difficult unnatural         
positions1 b ^! %\ld n int]f]e ) good   
tone production4   ,,regi/]s  ,i am ask$
 sometimes if ,i tea* regi/]s ( ! voice4
 ,i c say decid$ly no1 ,i d n tea*      
regi/]s4 ,! voice %\ld be "o & entire1 f
 top to bottom1 & %\ld be produc$ z su*1
 no matt] 9 :at "p ( ! voice y s+4      
,?r\gh\t ! voice ! same in/rum5t is do+ 
! "w4 ,s1 too1 ) voices ( diff]5t       
calib]1 ! coloratura1 lyric & dramatic4 
,ea* & all ( ^! may feel ! dramatic _s (
 ! "p1 b ! light] quality ( ! voice may 
prev5t ! coloratura f express+ x4 ,! _w 
recognizes ! dramatic s+] 9 ! size ( !  
voice & ( ! p]son4 ,f an arti/ic po9t ( 
view1 h[ev]1 !re are two ways ( look+ at

 ! "q1 s9ce ! lyric voice may h vivid   
dramatic in/9cts1 & may be able to br+  
!m out ) equal or ev5 great] int5sity   
?an ! purely dramatic organ4   ,,vocal  
,,ma/]y  ,vocal ,ma/]y is acquir$ ?r\gh 
correct und]/&+ ( :at con/itutes pure   
v[el s\nds1 & su* control ( ! brea? z w 
enable "o to conv]t e atom ( brea? into 
s++ tone4 ,?is e/abli%es correct action 
( ! vocal *ords & puts ! s+] 9          
possession ( ! v>i\s t9ts ( ! voice4    
,:5 ! diaphragm & respiratory muscles   
support ! brea? suffici5tly & ! vocal   
*ords are p]mitt$ to d _! "w1 y produce 
pure tone4 ,_m s+]s d n und]/& ^! two   
vital pr9ciples4 ,!y ei!r s+ ) too mu*  
relaxation ( ! diaphragm & respiratory  
muscles1 or too mu* rigidity4           
,consequ5tly ! ef=t becomes local in/ead
 ( con/itutional1 :i* r5d]s ! tone h>d &
 /rid5t & v>iable to pit*4 ,aga9 ! vocal
 *ords are ei!r =c$ ap>t or p9*$ toge!r1
 ) detrim5t to tone production4  ,! real
 value ( control is lo/ :5 we attempt to
 control ! s++ in/rum5t & ! brea? by    

seek+ a place = ! tone ! s++ in/rum5t   
produces4 ,:5 ! vocal *ords are all[$ to
 produce pure v[els1 correct action is !
 result & ) prop] brea? support1 ,vocal 
,ma/]y c be assur$4     ,,xxvi  ,j4,h4  
,,duval  ,,"s ,,secrets ,,( ,,beautiful 
,,s++   ,a "y ,fr5* girl _h j sung a    
gr\p ( songs 9 h] own language & _h won 
acclaim f ! di/+ui%$ company pres5t4 ,!y
 admir$ ! ri* quality ( h] voice1 h]    
easy1 spontane\s tone production & cle> 
diction4 ,a brilliant future 0 pr$ict$ =
 ! "y s+]4 ,"o critic ( r5[n rem>k$3 ,x 
is a long "t s9ce ,i h he>d a voice s   
well plac$ & tra9$4  ,& :o is y\r tea*]8
 %e 0 ask$4  ,x is ,mr4 ,duval2 ,i owe  
ev]y?+ to him4 ,he has really made my   
voice2 ,i h nev] _h ano!r tea*] & all my
 success w be due to him1 %e answ]$4    
,we at once express$ a desire to meet   
,mr4 ,duval & he> f 8 own lips h[ su*   
results 7 atta9$4  ,a meet+ 0 easily    
arrang$ & we arriv$ at ! appo9t$ h\r1 j 
9 "t to he> "o ( ! brilliant /ud5ts (   
?is ,am]ican-,fr5* s++ ma/]4  ,mr4      

,duval is "y1 slim & li! ( figure1 )    
s5sitive1 ref9$ features1 :i* gr[ v     
animat$ z he speaks4 ,he has a ri* fund 
( humor & an int5sity ( utt]ance t at   
once arre/s ! li/5]4 ,he came =w>d to   
greet ! visitor ) simple cordiality1    
say+ he 0 pleas$ we c\ld he> "o ( 8     
late/ f9ds4  ,! "y t5or 0 at "w on an   
air f ,tosca4 ,8 ri*1 vibrant voice1 (  
l>ge p[] & range & ( real ,c>uso-l      
quality1 p\r$ =? ) free & natural       
emission4 ,) :at pa9/ak+ c>e ?is wise   
tea*] aid$ him to mold ea* tone1 ea*    
phrase1 till x atta9$ ! desir$ effect4  
,be+ a s+] himself1 ,mr4 ,duval is able 
to %[ & demon/rate z well z expla94 ,he 
does bo? ) ! utmo/ cle>ness & ) unfail+ 
int]e/ & en?usiasm4 ,inde$ 8 int]e/ 9   
ea* pupil 9 8 *>ge is un/9t$4  ,! lesson
 ov]1 ,mr4 ,duval came ov] to u4 ,!re is
 a s+] ,i %all be pr\d (1 he said4      
,sev]al ye>s ago ,i taught him = a few  
mon?s1 giv+ him ! pr9ciples ( voice     
placem5t & tone production4 ,?is 0 9    
,europe4 ,i _h n se5 him s9ce !n till   

rec5tly1 :5 circum/ances l$ him to ,new 
,york4 ,he nev] =got :at he _h previ\sly
 le>n$ ) me4 ,he n[ has a lesson e day &
 is a mo/ indu/ri\s work]4 ,i believe he
 has a =tune 9 t voice4 ,next season w  
see him laun*$1 & he w surely make a    
s5sation4  ,w y give "s idea ( ! means  
by :i* y accompli% su* results8  ,!     
means are v simple & natural4 ,s _m     
/ud5ts are set on ! wrong track by be+  
told to d a multitude ( ?+s t are       
unnecess>y1 ev5 positively h>mful4 ,=   
in/ance1 !y are requir$ to s+ scales on 
! v[els1 ,a1 ,e1 ,i1 ,o1 ,u4 ,i only use
 ! v[el ,ah1 = ex]cises1 f9d+ ! o!rs are
 n ne$$1 especially exclud+ ,e & ,u z   
injuri\s4 ,inde$ "o ( ! wor/ ?+s a "y   
voice c d is to s+ scales on ,e & ,u1 = 
^! contract ! muscles ( ! lips4 ,ano!r  
injuri\s cu/om is to s+ long1 su/a9$    
tones 9 ! beg9n+4 ,?is ,i d n p]mit4    
,aft] tell+ y ! ?+s ,i =bid1 ,i mu/     
enlight5 y z to our plan ( /udy4  ,!    
secret ( correct tone emission is entire
 relaxation ( ! lips4 ,i tell ! pupil1 !

 beg9n]1 at ! fir/ lesson1 to s+ ! v[el 
,ah z l\dly & z deeply z possible1 ?9k+ 
con/antly ( relax$ lips & loose l[] jaw4
 ,ah is ! mo/ natural v[el & 0 us$      
exclusively 9 ! old ,italian s*ool (    
,bel ,canto4 ,long su/a9$ tones are too 
difficult4 ,"o %\ld s+ m$ium fa/ scales 
at fir/4 ,if we beg9 ) ! long su/a9$    
tone1 ! "y s+] is sure to hold ! voice 9
 8 ?roat1 or if he lets g1 a tremolo w  
result4 ,ei!r a ?roaty1 /iff tone or a  
tremolo w result f practic+ ! s+le      
su/a9$ tone4  ,s++ pianissimo 9 ! beg9n+
 is ano!r fallacy4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/   
difficult accompli%m5ts & %\ld be res]v$
 = a lat] p]iod ( developm5t4  ,! "y s+]
 adds to scales v>i\s int]vals1 sung    
twice 9 a brea?1 beg9n+1 n at ! extreme 
( ! l[] voice1 b c>ri$ up z high z he c 
com=tably rea*4 ,i believe 9 tea*+ high 
tones e>ly1 & 9 %[+ ! pupil h[ to       
produce ! head voice4 ,n t ,i am a high 
tone speciali/1 he add$ smil+1 = ,i d n 
sacrifice any "p ( ! voice to secure !  
upp] notes4 ,b aft] all x is ! high     

portion ( ! voice t requires ! mo/ /udy1
 & t is :]e s _m s+]s fail4  ,! "y /ud5t
 practices ^! fir/ ex]cises1 & o!rs1 two
 half h\rs daily1 at lea/ two h\rs aft] 
eat+1 & comes to me ?ree times a week4  
,i sugge/ %e re/ "o day 9 ea* week1 dur+
 :i* %e ne$ n s+ at all1 b /udies o!r   
subjects connect$ ) h] art4 ,z ! weeks g
 by1 ! voice1 ?r\gh relax$ lips & ?roat 
& c>eful tra9+1 gr[s ri*] & m pl5tiful4 
,"o c almo/ note its developm5t f day to
 day4   ,,words ,,9 ,,! ,,voice  ,:5 !  
"t comes to use words1 ! important ?+ is
 to put ! words 9 ! voice1 n ! voice 9 !
 words1 to quote ,juliani1 ! great      
tea*]1 ) :om ,i 0 associat$ 9 ,p>is4 ,m 
voices h be5 ru9$ by ! /iff1 exagg]at$  
use ( ! lips 9 pron\nc+1 ?an 9 any o!r  
way4 ,:5 we put ! words 9 ! voice1 9 an 
easy1 natural way1 we h bel canto4      
,ano!r ?+ absolutely necess>y is brea?  
support4 ,hold up ! brea? high 9 ! body1
 = high tones1 ?\gh always ) ! ?roat    
relax$4 ,?is po9t is n ne>ly en\gh      
insi/$ ^u by tea*]s ( s++4  ,! po9ts ,i 

h m5tion$ already prove t a vocal tea*] 
:o desires ! be/ results 9 8 "w ) o!rs1 
mu/ "k h[ to s+ himself2 he %\ld h _h   
wide exp]i5ce 9 conc]t & op]a be=e      
attempt+ to lead o!rs along ^! difficult
 pa?s4 ,because a man c play ! organ &  
piano & has accompani$ s+]s is n !      
slighte/ cause = ?9k+ he c tra9 voices 9
 ! art ( song4 ,i h no wi% to speak     
aga9/ s-call$ tea*]s ( s++1 b say ?is 9 
! int]e/s ( unsuspect+ /ud5ts4  ,x is   
impossible1 cont9u$ ,mr4 ,duval1 to put 
! :ole me?od ( vocal tra9+ into a few   
s5t5ces4 ,! /ud5t advances gradually &  
naturally1 b surely1 f ! beg9n+s ,i h   
indicat$1 to ! trill1 ! pizzicati1 to m 
rapid scales1 to le>n+ ! attack1 & s on4
 ,( c\rse diction plays a l>ge "p 9 !   
s+]'s developm5t4 ,) ! fir/ song ! /ud5t
 le>ns to put o!r v[els 9 ! same voice )
 :i* ! ex]cises on ,ah h be5 sung1 & to 
h !m all ( ! same size1 easily & loosely
 pron\nc$4 ,nev] p]mit ! pronunciation  
to be too broad = ! voice4 ,!           
pronunciation %\ld nev] be m\!d1 b %\ld 

fl[ into ! /ream ( ! brea? )\t caus+ a  
ripple4 ,?is is bel canto6  ,9 tea*+ ,i 
advise two pupils %>+ ! h\r1 = :ile "o  
is s++ ! o!r c re/ ! voice & obs]ve :at 
is be+ taught4 ,x is too fatigu+ to a "y
 voice to expect x to "w a full half h\r
 )\t re/4  ,i 0 tea*+ 9 my ,p>is /udio =
 a numb] ( mon?s aft] ! w> />t$1 be=e   
com+ to ,am]ica4 ,x is my int5tion1 9   
future1 to divide my "t betwe5 ,new     
,york & ,p>is4 ,i l tea*+ 9 ! ,fr5*     
capital = ! reason ,i c br+ out my      
pupils 9 op]a !re4 ,i am also pleas$ to 
tea* 9 my own l&1 = ! pleasant          
connections ,i h made "h1 & = ! fre%1 "y
 ,am]ican voices :i* come to me to be   
tra9$4   ,,vocal ,,ma/]y  ,:at is ,vocal
 ,ma/]y8 ,!re are s _m k9ds6 ,e great   
arti/ has 8 own peculi> mann] (         
accompli%+ results--8 own vocal ma/]y4  
,patti _h "o k9d1 ,maurel ano!r1        
,lehmann /ill ano!r4 ,c>uso also may be 
consid]$ to h 8 own vocal ma/]y1 inasmu*
 z he comm&s a vocal te*nic :i* enables 
him to int]pret any rle t lies )9 8 p[] 

& range4 ,! greate/ s+] ( to-day1       
,%alyap91 has also 8 individual vocal   
ma/]y1 closely resembl+ ! sort t enabl$ 
,maurel to run su* a gamut ( emotions ) 
su* a/oni%+ comm& & res\rce4  ,9 f9e1 z 
e great arti/ is diff]5t f 8 compe]s1   
!re c be no fix$ & fa/ /&>d ( vocal     
ma/]y1 except ! ma/]y ( do+ a great ?+  
conv9c+ly4     ,,xxvii  ,,! ,,coda  ,a  
,,resum   ,! /ud5t1 seek+ light on ! _m 
problems ( vocal te*nic1 ! tra9+ =      
conc]t & op]a1 h[ to get />t$ 9 !       
pr(ession1 & k9dr$ subjects ( vital     
importance1 has d\btless f\nd1 9 ! =ego+
 talks a ri* fund ( help & sugge/ion4 ,x
 is f su* high s\rces t a few words (   
p]sonal exp]i5ce & advice1 h (t5 prov$  
to be to ! "y s+] a beacon light1 %[+   
:at to avoid & :at to foll[4 ,x 7 well  
to ga!r up ^! /r&s ( sugge/ion f great  
arti/s & weave !m into a /rong bulw>k ( 
precept & example1 s t ! /ud5t may be   
kept )9 ! n>r[ pa? ( s\nd doctr9e & high
 endeavor4  ,at ! v outset1 two po9ts   
mu/ be borne 9 m9d3  #a4 ,ea* & e voice 

& m5tality is individual4  #b4 ,! arti/ 
has become a law unto himself2 x is n   
possible = him to make rules = o!rs4    
,fir/1 z to diff]5ce 9 voices4 ,:5 x is 
consid]$ t ! human in/rum5t1 unlike any 
fabricat$ by ! h& ( man1 is a purely    
p]sonal in/rum5t1 subject to endless    
v>iation ?r\gh v>iety 9 =mation ( m\? & 
?roat cavities1 also physical conditions
 ( ! anatomy1 x is no cause = wond] t ! 
human in/rum5t %\ld diff] 9 ea*         
individual4 ,!n ?9k ( all sorts &       
conditions ( m5tality1 environm5t1      
ambitions & ideals4 ,x is a self evid5t 
fact t ! vocal in/rum5t mu/ be a "p (   
ea* p]son1 ( :om !re are no two alike4  
,arti/s 9 g5]al h /rongly express$      
!mselves on ?is po9t3 mo/ ( !m agree )  
,galli-,curci1 :5 %e says3 ,!re are z _m
 k9ds ( voices z !re are p]sons2 !re=e x
 seems to me ea* voice %\ld be treat$ 9 
! mann] be/ suit$ to its possessor4 ,s++
 is su* an individual ?+1 aft] all1 says
 ,anna ,case2 x is a "p ( "o's v self4  
,ea* p]son has a diff]5t m5tality & a   

diff]5t k9d ( voice1 says ,m>t9elli2    
inde$ !re are z _m qualities ( voice z  
!re are p4  ,grant+1 !n1 t !re are no   
two voices & p]sonalities 9 ! _w1       
exactly alike1 x foll[s1 z a natural    
conclusion1 t ! r5[n$ vocali/1 :o has   
won 8 or h] way f ! beg9n+ up to fame & 
=tune1 realizes t h] in/rum5t & h] mann]
 ( tra9+ & h&l+ x are peculi>ly p]sonal4
 ,z %e has won success ?r\gh c]ta9 means
 & me?ods1 %e consid]s ^? means belong  
to h]1 9 ! s5se t !y especially suit h] 
p>ticul> in/rum5t4 ,%e is !n a law unto 
h]self & is unwill+ to lay d[n any laws 
= o!rs4 ,g]ald9e ,f>r> does n imply !re 
is only "o "r way to tra9 ! voice1 & %e 
has f\nd t way4 ,9 speak+ ( h] me?od (  
/udy1 %e says3 ,^! ?+s seem be/ = my    
voice1 & ?is is ! way ,i "w4 ,b1 s9ce   
ea* voice is diff]5t1 my ways might n   
suit any "o else4 ,i h no desire to lay 
d[n rules = o!rs2 ,i c only speak ( my  
own exp]i5ce4  ,galli-,curci says3 ,!   
s+] :o und]/&s h] bus9ess mu/ "k j h[ %e
 produces tones & vocal effects4 ,%e c  

!n d !m at all times1 ev5 "u adv]se     
circum/ances1 :5 n]v\s or n 9 ! mood4 ,i
 h develop$ ! voice & tra9$ x 9 ! way t 
seem$ to me be/ = x4 ,h[ c any o!r p]son
 tell y h[ t is to be done8  ,x re/s ) !
 s+] :at %e w d ) h] voice--h[ %e w     
develop x1 rem>ks ,mme4 ,hom]4 ,m>t9elli
 says3 ,! voice is a hidd5 in/rum5t &   
ev5tually its fate mu/ re/ ) its        
possessor4 ,aft] g5]al pr9ciples are    
und]/ood1 a s+] mu/ "w !m out accord+ to
 8 ability4 ,flor5ce ,ea/on rem>ks3 ,ea*
 s+] :o has ris51 :o has f\nd h]self1   
kn[s by :at pa? %e climb$1 b ! pa? %e   
f\nd might n d = ano!r4  ,in/ead (      
consid]+ ?is retic5ce on ! "p ( !       
successful s+]1 to expla9 ! ways & means
 :i* enabl$ him to rea* success1 9 !    
light ( a selfi% )hold+ ( advice :i*    
w\ld b5efit ! "y /ud5t1 we r look ^u x z
 a wor?y & consci5ti\s desire n to lead 
any "o into pa?s :i* might n be be/ = 8 
or h] in/rum5t4  ,9 ! beg9n+ ! /ud5t    
ne$s advice f an exp]t ma/]1 & is       
greatly b5efit$ by kn[+ h[ ! great s+]s 

h a*iev$4 ,lat] on1 :5 pr9ciples h      
become ?or\ghly und]/ood1 ! "y s+]s le>n
 :at is be/ = _! own voices2 !y1 too1   
become a law unto !mselves1 capable (   
cont9u+ ! developm5t ( _! own voices 9 !
 mann] be/ suit$ to ?is mo/ individual (
 all in/rum5ts4   ,,am]ican ,,voices    
,we (t5 he> slight+ ?+s said ( ! quality
 ( ,am]ican voices1 especially ! speak+ 
voice4 ,!y are frequ5tly comp>$ to !    
beauty ( ,european voices1 to !         
disp>agem5t ( ^? ( our own c\ntry4      
,rememb]+ ! obloquy ca/ ^u ! ,am]ican   
voice1 x is a pleasure to record ! views
 ( "s ( ! great s+]s on ?is po9t4 ,!re  
are quantities ( girls 9 ,am]ica ) good 
voices1 good looks & a love = music1    
ass]ts ,mme4 ,ea/on4 ,mme4 ,hempel says3
 ,i f9d !re are quantities ( lovely     
voices "h 9 ,am]ica4 ,! quality ( !     
,am]ican female voice is beautiful2 9 no
 c\ntry is x f9]1 n ev5 9 ,italy4 ,h]b]t
 ,)]spoon1 :o has su* wond]ful exp]i5ce 
9 tra9+ voices1 /ates3 ,we ought to h   
our own /&>ds 9 judg+ ,am]ican voices2  

until we d s1 we w be con/antly comp>+  
!m ) ! voices ( =eign s+]s4 ,! quality (
 ! ,am]ican voice is diff]5t f ! quality
 f\nd 9 ! voices ( o!r c\ntries4 ,to my 
m9d1 ! be/ wom5's voices are f\nd "r "h 
9 our mid/4 ,& he adds3 ,any "o c s+    
beautifully :o does s ) ease &          
naturalness1 ! ,am]ican j z well z ^? ( 
any o!r c\ntry4 ,9 fact ,i consid]      
,am]ican voices1 9 g5]al1 bett] tra9$   
?an ^? ( ,italy1 ,g]many or ,france4 ,! 
,italian1 9 p>ticul>1 has v little k ( !
 sci5tific side2 he usually s+s by      
intuition4   ,,am]ican ,,voice ,,tea*]s 
,if ?is be accept$1 t ,am]ican voices   
are bett] tra9$ ?an ^? ( o!r c\ntries1 &
 !re is no reason to d\bt ! /atem5t (   
ma/]s ( su* /&+1 x foll[s !re mu/ be    
compet5t in/ructors 9 ! art ( song "r 9 
our own l&4 ,mme4 ,ea/on agrees ) ?is4  
,!re are pl5ty ( good vocal tea*]s 9    
,am]ica1 %e says1 n only 9 ,new ,york   
,city1 b 9 o!r l>ge cities ( ?is great  
c\ntry4 ,!re is always ! problem1 h[ev]1
 ( secur+ j ! "r k9d ( a tea*]4 ,= a    

tea*] may be excell5t = "o voice b n =  
ano!r4 ,morgan ,k+/on ass]ts3 ,!re is no
 ne$ = an ,am]ican to g out ( 8 own     
c\ntry = vocal in/ruction or languages2 
all c be le>n$ "r "h at home4 ,i am a   
liv+ pro( ( ?is4 ,:at ,i h done o!rs c  
d4 ,y h excell5t vocal tea*]s "r "h 9   
,am]ica1 says ,mme4 ,hempel4 ,!n %e     
m>vels1 t ) all ^! advantages at h]     
door1 !re are n m ,am]ican girls :o make
 good4 ,%e lays x to ! fact t our girls 
try to comb9e a social life ) _! musical
 /udies1 to ! great detrim5t ( ! latt]4 
,,are ,,am]ican ,,vocal ,,/ud5ts        
,,sup]ficial8  ,x is d\btless a great   
temptation to ! ,am]ican girl :o        
possesses a voice & good looks1 :o is a 
favorite socially1 to neglect h] /udies 
at times1 = social gaiety4 ,%e is 9 su* 
ha/e to make some?+ ( h]self1 to get :]e
 %e c e>n a little ) h] voice2 yet by   
yield+ to o!r calls %e defeats ! v      
purpose = :i* %e is /riv+ by a l[]$     
ideal ( h] art4 ,let u see h[ ! arti/s &
 tea*]s view ?is /ate ( ?+s4 ,lehmann   

says3  ,! tr\ble ) ,am]ican girls is !y 
are always 9 a hurry4 ,!y are n cont5t  
to sit d[n quietly & /udy till !y h     
develop$ !mselves into some?+ be=e !y   
ev] ?9k ( com+ to ,europe4 ,!y ?9k if !y
 c only come ov] "h & s+ = an arti/1 t  
fact alone w give !m pre/ige 9 ,am]ica4 
,) u ,am]ican girls are too (t5 look$ ^u
 z sup]ficial because !y come ov] "h q  
unprep>$4 ,i say to !m3 ,g home & /udy2 
!re are pl5ty ( good tea*]s ( voice &   
piano 9 y\r own l&4 ,!n1 :5 y c s+1 come
 "h if y wi%4  ,fri$a ,hempel speaks f  
close obs]vation :5 %e says3 ,"h 9      
,am]ica1 girls d n realize ! am\nt (    
labor & sacrifice involv$1 or !y might n
 be s eag] to ent] ^u a musical c>e]4   
,!y are too mu* tak5 up ) teas1 p>ties1 
& social functions to h suffici5t "t to 
devote to vocal /udy & to all t goes )  
x4 ,9 ord] to /udy all ! subjects       
requir$1 ! girl ) a voice mu/ be will+  
to give mo/ ( h] day to "w4 ,?is means  
sacrific+ ! social side1 & be+ will+ to 
?r[ h]self he>t & s\l into ! bus9ess (  

adequately prep>+ h]self = h] c>e]4     
,,! ,,vocal ,,/ud5t ,,mu/ ,,n ,,be      
,,afraid ,,to ,,"w  ,9 ! words (        
,c>uso's message to vocal /ud5ts1 !y mu/
 be will+ to "w--to "w always--& to     
sacrifice4 ,b ,g]ald9e ,f>r> does n     
consid] ?is 9 ! light ( sacrifice4 ,h]  
message to ! "y s+] is3  ,/ick to y\r "w
 & /udy sy/ematically1 :ole-he>t$ly4 ,if
 y d n love y\r "w en\gh to give x y\r  
be/ ?\ght1 to make sacrifices = x1 !n   
!re is some?+ wrong ) y4 ,bett] *oose "s
 o!r l9e ( "w1 to :i* y c give undivid$ 
att5tion & devotion4 ,= music requires  
bo?4 ,z = sacrifices1 !y really d n     
exi/1 if !y promote ! ?+ y hone/ly love 
mo/4 ,y mu/ nev] /op /udy+1 = !re is    
always s mu* to le>n4 ,i h develop$ my  
voice ?r\gh ardu\s toil1 to quote ,mme4 
,galli-,curci4 ,raisa says3 ,"o _c      
expect to succe$ 9 ! pr(ession ( music  
)\t giv+ "o's be/ "t & ?\ght to ! "w (  
vocal tra9+ & all ! o!r subjects t g )  
x4 ,a man 9 bus9ess gives 8 day1 or !   
mo/ ( x1 to 8 (fice4 ,my "t is devot$ to

 my art1 & inde$ ,i h n any too mu* "t  
to /udy all ! necess>y sides ( x4  ,i am
 always /udy+1 always /riv+ to improve  
:at ,i h already le>n$ & try+ to acquire
 ! ?+s ,i f9d difficult1 or h n yet     
atta9$ to1 te/ifies ,mme4 ,hom]4   ,,!  
,,requirem5ts ,,= ,a ,,vocal ,,c>e]  ,^?
 :o h be5 ?r\gh ! necess>y drudg]y &    
/ruggle & h won out1 %\ld be able to    
give an au?oritative answ] to ?is all   
important "q4 ,!y "k :at !y />t$ )1 :at 
any s+] mu/ possess at ! beg9n+1 & :at  
%e mu/ acquire4  ,naturally ! s+] mu/ h 
a voice1 = !re is no use try+ to        
cultivate some?+ :i* does n exi/4 ,all  
arti/s subscribe to ?is4 ,!y also affirm
 %e %\ld h good looks1 a love = music & 
a musical nature4 ,let u he> f ,mme4    
,hom] on ?is subject4  #a4 ,voice1 fir/ 
( all4 #b4 ,intellig5ce2 = intellig5ce  
controls1 directs1 %9es ?r\gh & illum9es
 ev]y?+4 ,:at c be done )\t x8 #c4      
,musical nature4 #d4 ,capacity = ,"w4   
,)\t application1 ! gifts ( voice1      
intellig5ce & a musical nature w n make 

an arti/4 #e4 ,a *e]ful optimism1 :i*   
refuses to yield to disc\ragem5t4 #f4   
,pati5ce4 ,x is only ) pati5t /riv+1 do+
 ! daily vocal task1 & try+ to d x ea*  
day a little bett] ?an ! day be=e1 t    
any?+ wor? :ile is accompli%$4 ,! /ud5t 
mu/ h unlimit$ pati5ce to labor & wait =
 results4  ,mr4 ,)]spoon /ates1 t /ud5ts
 com+ to him mu/ possess ,voice1 to beg9
 )2 y\?1 good looks1 musical intellig5ce
 & application4 ,if ! c&idate possess ^!
 requisites1 we beg9 to "w4 ,anna ,case 
answ]s ! "q z to ! vital requisites     
necess>y to become a s+]3 ,bra9s1       
,p]sonality1 ,voice4  ,quotations c\ld  
be multipli$ to prove t all arti/s fully
 concur ) ^? already m5tion$4 ,!re mu/  
be a promis+ voice to cultivate1 y\?1   
good looks1 7= a public c>e]7 & ! utmo/ 
devotion to "w4   ,,:at ,,bran*es ,,(   
,,/udy ,,mu/ ,,be ,,tak5 ,,up8  ,all    
agree !re are _m o!r subjects to /udy   
besides s++2 t alone is f> f suffici5t4 
,edw>d ,johnson says3 ,s++ itself is    
only a "p1 p]haps ! small] "p ( "o's    

equipm5t4 ,if op]a be ! goal1 !re are   
languages1 act+1 make up1 imp]sonation1 
int]pretation1 h[ to walk1 all to be    
add$ to piano1 h>mony & languages4 ,!   
mo/ important ( all is a musical        
education4  ,mo/ ( ! great s+]s h       
emphatically express$ !mselves 9 favor (
 piano /udy4 ,inde$1 _m 7 piani/s 9 !   
beg9n+1 be=e !y began to develop !      
voice4 ,among ^? :o _h ?is tra9+ are3   
,galli-,curci1 ,lehmann1 ,raisa1        
,d',alv>ez1 ,b>ri5tos1 ,braslau1 ,case4 
,miss ,braslau says3 ,i am s grateful = 
my k ( ! piano & its lit]ature2 x is !  
greate/ help to me n[4 ,to my ?9k+ all  
*ildr5 %\ld h piano lessons2 ! co/ is   
trifl+ comp>$ ) ! b5efits !y receive4   
,!y %\ld be made to /udy1 :e!r !y wi% x 
or n1 = !y d n "k :at is be/ = !m4      
,mme4 ,raisa says3 ,!re are s _m sides  
to ! s+]'s equipm5t besides s++ itself4 
,! piano is a necessity2 ! s+] is       
greatly h&icapp$ )\t a k ( t in/rum5t1 =
 x n only provides accompanim5t b       
cultivates musical s5se4 ,! vocal /ud5t 

%\ld /udy piano z well z languages1     
ass]ts ,mme4 ,hom]2 bo? are ! ess5tials4
 ,n t %e ne$ /rive to become a piani/2 t
 w\ld n be possible if %e is de/9$ to be
 a s+]4 ,b ! m %e kn[s ( ! piano & its  
lit]ature1 ! m ?is w cultivate h]       
musical s5se & develop h] ta/e4         
,flor5ce ,ea/on is ev5 m emphatic4 ,if a
 girl is fond ( music1 let h] fir/ /udy 
! piano1 = a k ( ! piano & its music is 
at ! bottom ( ev]y?+4 ,all *ildr5 %\ld h
 ?is opportunity1 :e!r !y desire x or n4
 ,! *ild :o e>ly beg9s to /udy piano1 w 
(t5 unconsci\sly foll[ ! melody ) h]    
voice4 ,?us ! love ( song is awak5$ 9   
h]1 & a little lat] x is discov]$ %e has
 a voice wor? cultivat+4  ,on ! subject 
( languages1 arti/s are equally         
specific4 ,languages are an absolute    
necessity1 beg9n+ ) "o's "m tongue4 ,!  
/ud5t %\ld n imag9e t because he is born
 to ! ,engli% language1 x does n require
 c>eful /udy4 ,galli-,curci rem>ks3 ,!  
s+] c always be consid]$ =tunate :o has 
be5 br\ght up to m ?an "o language4 ,i  

le>n$ ,spani% & ,italian at home4 ,9    
s*ool ,i le>n$ ,fr5*1 ,g]man & ,engli%1 
n only a little smatt]+ ( ea*1 b h[ to  
write & speak !m4  ,rosa ,raisa speaks  
eight languages1 accord+ to h] p]sonal  
/atem5t4 ,russian1 ( c\rse1 z %e is     
,russian1 !n ,fr5*1 ,italian1 ,g]man1   
,spani%1 ,poli%1 ,r\manian & ,engli%4   
,! duty is laid ^u ,am]icans to /udy o!r
 languages1 if !y expect to s+1 says    
,flor5ce ,ea/on4 ,i "k h[ (t5 ?is /udy  
is neglect$ by ! /ud5t4 ,x is only ano!r
 phase ( t ha/e :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! "y
 /ud5t & s+]4   ,,brea? ,,control       
,foll[+ ! subject ( requirem5ts = a     
vocal c>e]1 let u get "r d[n to !       
te*nical side1 & review ! ideas ( arti/s
 on ,brea? ,control1 ,h[ to ,practice1  
,:at are ! ,necess>y ,ex]cises1 ,:at    
,v[els ,%\ld be ,us$1 & s on4  ,all     
admit t ! subject ( ,brea? ,control is  
p]haps ! mo/ important ( all4 ,lehmann  
says3 ,i practice _m brea?+ ex]cises )\t
 us+ tone4 ,brea? becomes voice ?r\gh   
ef=t ( w & by use ( vocal organs4 ,:5   

s++1 emit ! smalle/ quantity ( brea?4   
,vocal *ords are brea? regulators2      
relieve !m ( all ov]work4  ,mme4        
,galli-,curci rem>ks3 ,p]haps1 9 vocal  
ma/]y1 ! greate/ factor ( all is !      
brea?+4 ,to control ! brea? is :at ea*  
/ud5t is /riv+ to le>n1 :at e s+]       
endeavors to p]fect1 :at e arti/ %\ld   
ma/]4 ,x is an almo/ endless /udy & an  
individual "o1 because ea* organism &   
m5tality is diff]5t4  ,m>gu]ite         
d',alv>ez3 ,9 h&l+ & tra9+ ! voice1     
brea?+ is p]haps ! mo/ vital ?+ to be   
consid]$4 ,to "s brea? control seems    
second nature2 o!rs mu/ toil = x4 ,) me 
x is intuition4 ,brea?+ is su* an       
individual ?+4 ,) ea* p]son x is        
diff]5t1 = no two p brea! 9 j ! same    
way4  ,claudia ,muzio3 ,e s+] kn[s h[   
important is ! managem5t ( brea?4 ,i    
always hold up ! *e/1 tak+ z deep brea?s
 z ,i c conv5i5tly4 ,! p[] to hold !    
brea? & s+ m & m tones ) "o brea?1 gr[s 
) c>eful1 intellig5t practice4  ,fri$a  
,hempel3 ,! v fir/ ?+ = a s+] to consid]

 is brea? control--always ! brea?+1 !   
brea?+4 ,%e ?9ks ( x morn+1 noon &      
night4 ,ev5 be=e ris+ 9 ! morn+ %e has x
 on h] m9d1 & may d a few little /unts  
:ile /ill recl9+4 ,!n1 be=e beg9n+ vocal
 te*nic 9 ! morn+1 %e goes ?r\gh a s]ies
 ( brea?+ ex]cises4  ,david ,bispham3   
,correct brea? control mu/ be c>efully  
/udi$ & is ! result ( und]/&+ &         
exp]i5ce4 ,:5 ! mann] ( tak+ brea? & !  
way to develop ! diaphragm & abdom9al   
muscles1 is und]/ood1 t is only a       
beg9n+4 ,managem5t ( ! brea? is an art 9
 itself4 ,! s+] mu/ "k :at to d ) !     
brea? once he has tak5 x 91 or he may   
let x out 9 qu>ts :5 he op5s 8 m\?4 ,he 
le>ns h[ mu* he ne$s = ea* phrase2 he   
le>ns h[ to cons]ve ! brea?4  ,osc>     
,sa5g]3 ,! managem5t ( ! brea? is a mo/ 
important factor1 z ! life ( ! tone     
dep5ds on a cont9uance ( ! brea?4 ,!    
/ud5t mu/ cultivate ! p[] ( quickly     
inhal+ a full brea?1 & exhal+ x s       
gradually t %e c s+ a phrase la/+ f t5  
to tw5ty seconds4 ,?is ne$s mon?s (     

ardu\s practice4 ,9 all brea?+1 inhale  
?r\gh ! nose4  ,yeatman ,griffi?3 ,brea?
 control is inde$ a vital ne$1 b %\ld n 
be made a bugbe> to be greatly fe>$4    
,mo/ /ud5ts make brea?+ & brea? control 
a difficult matt]1 :5 x %\ld be a       
natural & easy act4 ,!y d n ne$ ! l>ge  
am\nt ( brea? !y imag9e !y d1 = a mu*   
small] quantity w suffice4 ,:5 y op5 !  
lips aft] a full1 natural brea?1 d n let
 ! brea? escape2 ! vocal *ords w make ! 
tone1 if y und]/& h[ to make a p]fect   
/>t4   ,,specific ,,ex]cises  ,great    
s+]s are *>y ( giv+ out vocal ex]cises  
:i* !y h discov]$1 evolv$1 or h us$ s   
con/antly z to consid] !m a "p ( _! own 
p]sonal equipm5t1 = reasons /at$ e>li] 9
 ?is *apt]4 ,h[ev]1 a few arti/s h      
indicat$ c]ta9 =ms :i* !y use4 ,mme4    
d',alv>ez rem>ks3 ,:5 ,i beg9 to /udy 9 
! morn+1 ,i give ! voice :at ,i call a  
massage4 ,?is consi/s ( humm+ ex]cises1 
) clos$ lips4 ,humm+ is ! sun%9e ( !    
voice4 ,"o ex]cise is a %ort figure (   
f\r consecutive notes ( ! diatonic      

scale1 asc5d+ & desc5d+ sev]al times2 on
 ea* repetition ( ! gr\p ( phrases1 !   
new set beg9s on ! next high] note ( !  
scale4 ,?is ex]cise br+s ! tone fully   
=w>d4  ,lehmann c\nsels ! "y voice to   
beg9 9 ! middle & "w bo? ways4 ,beg9    
s+le tones piano1 make a long cresc5do &
 return to piano4 ,ano!r ex]cise employs
 two connect+ half tones1 us+ "o or two 
v[els4 ,dur+ practice /& be=e a mirror4 
,raisa assures u %e works at te*nic e   
day4 ,vocalizes1 scales1 brok5 ?irds1   
long1 sl[ tones 9 mezza di voce--t is   
beg9n+ s(tly1 swell+ to l\d1 !n dim9u5do
 to s(t1 are "p ( ! daily rgime4 ,f>r>  
works on scales & s+le tones daily4     
,muzio says3 ,i s+ all ! scales1 "o     
octave ea*1 once sl[ & once fa/--all 9  
"o brea?4 ,!n ,i s+ triplets on ea*     
tone1 z _m z ,i c 9 "o brea?4 ,ano!r    
ex]cise is to take "o tone s(tly1 !n g  
to ! octave above2 ?is tone is always   
sung s(tly1 b !re is a l>ge cresc5do    
betwe5 ! two s(t tones4 ,k+/on says3 ,z 
= te*nical mat]ial1 ,i h nev] us$ a     

great quantity4 ,i d scales & vocalizes 
ea* day4 ,i also make daily use ( ab\t a
 doz5 ex]cises by ,rub9i4 ,beyond ^! ,i 
make te*nical ex]cises out ( ! pieces4  
,de ,luca s+s scales 9 full p[]1 !n ea* 
tone alone1 s(tly1 !n swell+ to full    
/r5g? & dy+ away4 ,bispham3 ,i give _m  
vocalizes & ex]cises1 :i* ,i inv5t to   
fit ! ne$ ( ea* /ud5t4 ,!y are n writt5 
d[n1 simply rememb]$4 ,i also make      
ex]cises out ( famili> tunes or !mes f  
op]a4 ,?us1 :ile ! /ud5t is /udy+       
te*nic1 he is acquir+ mu* beautiful     
mat]ial4  ,osc> ,sa5g]3 ,we beg9 by     
unit+ two tones smoo?ly & ev5ly1 !n ?ree
 9 ! same way2 aft]w>ds f\r & five4 ,!n 
! scale ( "o octave4 ,arpeggios are also
 mo/ important4 ,! trill is ! mo/       
difficult ( all vocal ex]cises4 ,we beg9
 ) qu>t] notes1 !n eigh?s & sixte5?s4 ,!
 trill is tak5 on ea* tone ( ! voice1 9 
major seconds4 ,w]r5ra?3 ,i d a lot (   
gymna/ics ea* day1 to ex]cise ! voice & 
limb] up ! anatomy4 ,^! act z a massage 
= ! voice2 !y are 9 ! nature ( humm+1   

m+l$ ) grunts1 calls1 exclamations1     
%\ts1 & _m k9ds ( s\nds4 ,!y put ! voice
 9 condition1 s !re is no ne$ = all ^!  
o!r ex]cises :i* mo/ s+]s f9d s ess5tial
 to _! vocal well be+4  ,duval ass]ts3  
,long1 su/a9$ tones are too difficult = 
! "y voice4 ,"o %\ld s+ m$ium fa/ scales
 at fir/4   ,,l5g? ,,( ,,"t ,,= ,,daily 
,,practice  ,x may be helpful to "k ab\t
 h[ mu* "t ! arti/s devote to daily     
/udy1 especially to te*nical practice4  
,x is und]/ood all great s+]s "w on     
vocalizes & te*nical mat]ial daily4     
,c>uso is a con/ant work]4 ,two or ?ree 
h\rs 9 ! =5oon1 & sev]al m lat] 9 ! day1
 :5ev] possible4 ,f>r> devotes betwe5 "o
 & two h\rs daily to vocalizes1 scales &
 tone /udy1 ,lehmann c\nsels "o h\r     
daily on te*nic4 ,galli-,curci gives a  
half h\r or s to vocalizes & scales e   
morn+4 ,m>t9elli practices ex]cises &   
vocalizes "o h\r ea* morn+2 !n ano!r h\r
 on rep]toire4 ,9 ! aft]noon an h\r     
m--?ree h\rs daily4 ,ea/on says3 ,x     
seems to me a "y s+] %\ld n practice m  

?an an h\r a day1 at mo/1 beg9n+ ) two  
p]iods ( fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes ea*4    
,anna ,case says3 ,i nev] practice :5 ,i
 am tir$1 = !n x does m h>m ?an good4   
,"o mu/ be 9 good condition to make good
 tones4 ,i c /udy & n s+ at all1 = ! "w 
is all m5tal anyway4 ,muzio /ates %e    
gives practically h] :ole day to /udy1  
divid+ x into %ort p]iods1 ) re/ betwe54
  ,fri$a ,hempel says3 ,i d ab\t two    
h\rs or m1 ?\gh n all ( ?is = te*nic4 ,i
 approve ( a good deal ( te*nical /udy1 
tak5 9 small doses ( t5 to fifte5 m9utes
 at a "t4 ,te*nic is a means to an end1 
m 9 ! art ( song ?an 9 almo/ any o!r =m 
( art4 ,te*nic is ! backgr\nd (         
expressive s++4  ,sophie ,braslau is an 
incessant work]1--at lea/ six h\rs a    
day4 ,( ^! ,i actually s+ ?ree h\rs4 ,! 
fir/ h\r to memory "w on rep]toire4 ,!  
second h\r to vocalizes4 ,! re/ ( ! "t  
is giv5 to rep]toire & ! ?+s t belong to
 x4 ,b>ri5tos /ates %e gives ab\t       
?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r to vocal           
te*nic--scales & ex]cises--ea* day4     

,duval advises ! "y /ud5t to practice   
two half h\rs daily1 two h\rs aft] eat+1
 & re/ ! voice "o day ea* week1 dur+ :i*
 %e /udies o!r subjects connect$ ) h]   
art4 ,osc> ,sa5g] says3 ,"o %\ld        
practice 9 fifte5-m9ute p]iods1 & re/ at
 lea/ t5 m9utes betwe54 ,s+ only two    
h\rs a day1 "o 9 ! morn+ & "o 9         
aft]noon4   ,,:at ,,v[els ,,to ,,use    
,!re seems a div]g5ce ( op9ion z to :at 
v[els are mo/ b5eficial 9 te*nical      
practice & /udy4 ,galli-,curci says3 ,9 
my own /udy ,i use !m all1 ?\gh "s are m
 valuable ?an o!rs4 ,! ,ah is ! mo/     
difficult ( all4 ,! ,o is good2 ,e ne$s 
great c>e4 ,i h f\nd ! be/ way is to use
 mix$ v[els1 "o melt+ into ! o!r4 ,!    
tone c be />t$ ) ea* v[el 9 turn1 !n    
m+l$ ) ! re/ ( ! v[els4 ,mme4 d',alv>ez 
(t5 />ts ! tone ) ,ah1 :i* melts into ,o
 & lat] *anges to ,u1 z ! tone dies     
away4 ,bispham has ! /ud5t use v>i\s    
v[el syllables1 z3 ,lah1 ,mah1 ,may1 &  
,mi4 ,) ,osc> ,sa5g] ! pupil 9 e>ly     
/ages at lea/1 uses ,ah = vocalizes4    

,duval requires /ud5ts to use ! v[el    
,ah1 = ex]cises & scales1 f9d+ ! o!rs   
are n ne$$1 especially exclud+ ,e & ,u z
 injuri\s4 ,griffi? uses ea* v[el 9     
turn1 prec$$ by all ! consonants ( !    
alphabet1 "o aft] ano!r4   ,,half ,,or  
,,full ,,voice8  ,%all ! "y s+] practice
 ) half or full voice seems a matt]     
dep5d+ on "o's individual atta9m5ts4 ,de
 ,luca uses full p[] dur+ practice1 :ile
 ,raisa s+s s(tly1 or ) m$ium1 tone1    
dur+ /udy h\rs1 except occasionally :5  
%e wi%es to try out c]ta9 effects4      
,m>t9elli /ates he always practices )   
full voice1 z ) half voice he w\ld n    
d]ive ! ne$$ b5efit4 ,mme4 ,ea/on admits
 %e does n1 z a rule1 use full voice :5 
at "w2 b adds1 ?is admission might prove
 injuri\s to ! "y s+]1 = half voice     
might result 9 faulty tone production4  
,anna ,case says :5 at "w on a song 9 h]
 music room1 %e s+s x ) ! same p[] z %e 
w\ld be=e an audi5ce4 ,%e has n two ways
 ( do+ x1 "o = a small room & ano!r = a 
l>ge "o4 ,mr4 ,duval advises ! "y pupil 

to s+ tones z l\dly & deeply z possible4
 ,s++ pianissimo is ano!r fallacy = a "y
 voice4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ difficult    
accompli%m5ts1 & %\ld be res]v$ = a lat]
 p]iod4 ,osc> ,sa5g]3 ,! tone %\ld be   
free1 r\nd & full1 b n l\d4   ,,he>+    
,,y\rself  ,does ! s+] really he>       
himself is a "q :i* has be5 put to ne>ly
 e arti/4 ,_m answ]$ 9 a comp>ative     
negative1 ?\gh ) qualifications4 ,miss  
,f>r> said3  ,no1 ,i d n actually he> my
 voice1 except 9 a g5]al way1 b we le>n 
to "k ! s5sations produc$ 9 ?roat1 head1
 face1 lips & o!r p>ts ( ! anatomy1 :i* 
vibrate 9 a c]ta9 mann] to correct tone 
production4 ,we le>n ! feel+ ( ! tone4  
,i c tell j h[ ,i am s++ a tone or      
phrase1 says ,de ,luca1 by ! feel+ &    
s5sation2 = ( c\rse ,i _c he> ! full    
effect2 no s+] c really he> ! effect ( 8
 "w1 except on ! records4 ,! s+] mu/    
judge s mu* f s5sation1 = %e _c v well  
he> h]self1 t is1 %e _c tell ! full     
effect ( :at %e is do+1 says ,anna      
,case4 ,mr4 ,)]spoon says3 ,! s+] (     

c\rse he>s himself & ) /udy le>ns to he>
 himself bett]4 ,! s+] %\ld dep5d m on  
he>+ ! s\nd he makes ?an on feel+ !     
s\nd4 ,9 o!r words1 tra9 ! e>1 ! c\rt ( 
ultimate resort1 & ! only judge1 & =get 
s5sation z mu* z possible1 = ! latt]    
leads to a million confusions4   ,,vocal
 ,,ma/]y1 ,,f ,,! ,,arti/s' ,,viewpo9t  
,f>r>3 ,a ?+ t is ma/]$ mu/ be really   
p]fect4 ,to ma/] vocal art1 ! s+] mu/ h 
s develop$ 8 voice t x is "u complete   
control2 !n he c d ) x :at he wi%es4 ,he
 mu/ be able to produce all he desires (
 p[]1 pianissimo1 acc5t1 %ad+1 delicacy 
& v>iety ( color4  ,galli-,curci3 ,to   
sum up3 ! ?ree requirem5ts ( vocal ma/]y
 are3 ,managem5t ( ! ,l>ynx2 ,relaxation
 ( ! ,diaphragm2 ,control ( ! ,brea?4   
,to ^! might be add$ a f\r?3 ,mix$      
,v[els4 ,b :5 ^! are ma/]$1 :at !n8 ,ah1
 s mu* m x c nev] be put into words4 ,x 
is self-expression ?r\gh ! m$ium ( tone1
 = tone mu/ always be a vital "p ( !    
s+]'s individuality1 color$ by feel+ &  
emotion4 ,to p]fect "o's own in/rum5t1  

mu/ always be ! s+]'s joy &             
satisfaction4  ,raisa3 ,if ,i h develop$
 p]fect control ?r\gh\t ! two & a half  
octaves ( my voice1 c make ea* tone )   
pure quality & p]fect ev5ness 9 !       
diff]5t degrees ( l\d & s(t1 & if ,i h  
p]fect brea? control z well1 ,i !n h an 
equipm5t t may s]ve all purposes (      
int]pretation4 ,= toge!r ) vocal ma/]y  
mu/ g ! art ( int]pretation1 9 :i* all !
 ma/]y ( ! vocal equipm5t may f9d       
expression4 ,9 ord] to int]pret         
adequately "o ought to possess a p]fect 
in/rum5t1 p]fectly tra9$4 ,:5 ?is is !  
case "o c =get me*anism1 because        
confid5t ( ! ability to express any     
desir$ emotion4  ,hom]3 ,! s+] mu/ ma/] 
all difficulties ( te*nic1 ( tone       
production 9 ord] to be able to express 
! ?\ght ( ! compos]1 & ! mean+ ( !      
music4  ,w]r5ra?3 ,i c answ] ! "q 9 "o  
^w--,disreg>d4 ,= if y h complete       
control ( y\r anatomy & su* comm& ( y\r 
vocal res\rces t !y w always d _! "w2 t 
!y c be dep5d$ on to act p]fectly1 !n y 

c disreg>d me*anism & ?9k only ( !      
int]pretation--only ( y\r vocal message4
 ,!n y h conqu]$ ! mat]ial & h atta9$   
,vocal ,ma/]y4  ,k+/on3 ,vocal ,ma/]y   
includes s _m ?+s4 ,fir/ & =emo/1 vocal 
te*nic4 ,"o mu/ h an excell5t te*nic    
be=e "o c hope to s+ ev5 mod]ately well4
 ,te*nic furni%es ! tool ) :i* ! s+]    
creates 8 vocal art "w4 ,!n ! s+] mu/ "w
 on 8 moral nature s t he %all express !
 beautiful & pure 9 music4 ,until ,i h  
?us prep>$ myself1 ,i am n do+ my :ole  
duty to myself1 my art or to my         
neighbor4  ,griffi?3 ,vocal ,ma/]y is   
acquir$ ?r\gh correct und]/&+ ( :at     
con/itutes pure v[el s\nds1 & su*       
control ( ! brea? z w enable "o to      
conv]t e atom ( brea? into s++ tone4    
,?is e/abli%es correct action ( ! vocal 
*ords & puts ! s+] 9 possession ( !     
v>i\s t9ts ( ! voice4  ,:5 ! vocal *ords
 are all[$ to produce pure v[els1       
correct action is ! result1 & ) prop]   
brea? support1 ,vocal ,ma/]y c be       
assur$4  ,duval3 ,:at is ,vocal ,ma/]y8 

,e great arti/ has 8 own peculi> mann] (
 accompli%+ results--has 8 own vocal    
ma/]y4 ,patti _h "o k9d1 ,maurel ano!r1 
,lehmann /ill ano!r4 ,c>uso may also be 
said to h 8 own vocal ma/]y4  ,9 f9e1 z 
e great arti/ is diff]5t f 8 compe]s1   
!re c be no fix$ & fa/ /&>d ( vocal     
ma/]y1 except ! ma/]y ( do+ a great ?+  
greatly & conv9c+ly4   ,,! ,,end