,,social ,,"w ,,s]ies ,,brok5 ,,homes ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,family ,,des]tion ,,& ,,its ,,social ,,treatm5t ,by ,,joanna ,c4 ,,colcord ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,! ,,*>ity ,,organization ,,society ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,new ,,york ,,russell ,,sage ,,f\ndation #aiai ,,copyright1 #aiai1 ,,by ,,! ,,russell ,,sage ,,f\ndation ,,wm ,f4 ,,fell ,,co ,,pr9t]s ,,philadelphia ,,preface ,no less ?\ghtful a critic ( m5 & mann]s ?an ,joseph ,conrad has rem>k$ rec5tly t a univ]sal exp]i5ce is exactly ! sort ( ?+ :i* is mo/ difficult to appraise ju/ly 9 ! individual in/ance4 ,! say+ might h be5 made ! motto ( ?is book1 = 9 its pages ,miss ,colcord--) all ! eag]ness ( ! new] s*ool ( social work]s1 b5t ^u und]/&+1 ^u mak+ all[ances--seeks t j appraisal to :i* ,conrad ref]s4 ,m>ital infelicities & brok5 homes are n univ]sal1 =tunately1 b "s ( ! human weaknesses :i* lead to !m are v ne>ly s4 ,to "o :o br+s a long p]spective to any !me 9 social "w1 ,brok5 ,homes sugge/s ! successive /ages ?r\gh :i* ! art ( social case "w has progress$4 ,tw5ty ye>s ago ! editor ( ?is ,s]ies 0 responsible = ! foll[+ s5t5ces 9 an annual report3 ,"o ( our mo/ difficult problems has be5 h[ to deal ) des]t$ wives ) *ildr54444 ,"o good woman1 ^: husb& _h left h] = ! second "t m ?an a ye> ago1 decl>$ (t5 & emphatically t %e w\ld nev] let him come back4 ,we rescu$ h] furniture f ! l&lord1 f\nd h] "w1 furni%$ ne$$ relief1 & befri5d$ ! *ildr52 b ! drunk5 & lazy husb& return$ ! o!r day1 & is sitt+ 9 ! *airs we rescu$1 :ile he w>ms 8 h&s at ! fire t we h kept burn+4 ,! passage belongs to ! fir/ & :at might be t]m$ ! muddl+ along p]iod ( deal+ ) family des]tion1 b ! fact t bo>ds ( directors actually 7 will+ to pr9t su* frank /atem5ts ab\t _! own %ortcom+s 0 a sign t ! p]iod 0 draw+ to a close4 ,?is fir/ /age 0 succe$$ by a discipl9>y p]iod1 9 :i* e>ne/ attempts 7 made to enact laws t w\ld puni% ! des]t] & aid 9 8 extradition :5ev] he took refuge across a /ate l9e4 ,laws ( ! /ricte/1 & ^! well en=c$1 seem$ = a :ile ! only possible solution4 ,!n gradually1 ) ! unfold+ ( a philosophy & a te*nique ( help+ p 9 & ?r\gh _! social relation%ips1 a new way ( deal+ ) ?is anci5t & p]plex+ human fail+ 0 develop$4 ,?is ?ird way involv$ a m c>eful analysis ( relation%ips & motives1 a great] v>iety 9 approa*1 an increas$ flexibility 9 treatm5t1 a new fai?1 p]haps1 9 ! re-creative p[]s lat5t 9 human nature4 ,b x is unnecess>y to enl>ge ^u a po9t ( view :i* ^! pages admirably illu/rate4 ,des]tion laws cont9ue to s]ve a def9ite purpose1 z ,miss ,colcord makes cle>1 b no long] are !y ei!r ! fir/ or ! second resort ( ! skilful probation (fic]1 family case work]1 or *ild protective ag5t4 ,j aft] ! ,russell ,sage ,f\ndation publi%$ a treatise on ,social ,diagnosis two ye>s ago1 a numb] ( lett]s came to ! au?or urg+ t a volume on ! treatm5t ( social maladju/m5ts 9 individual cases foll[4 ,b ?is second subject is n yet ready = ! l>ge g5]al treatise4 ,a topic s new z social case treatm5t mu/ be develop$ aspect by aspect1 pref]ably 9 small1 practical volumes ea* writt5 by a speciali/4 ,?is is su* a volume1 & ,miss ,colcord breaks new gr\nd1 moreov]1 9 t h] book illu/rates ! :ole pres5t tr5d ( social "w z appli$ to individuals4 ,grateful ackn[l$gm5t %\ld be made to ! social case work]s :o h furni%$ valuable contributions to ! body ( data ga!r$ = ! pres5t /udy4 ,miss ,colcord wi%es m5tion made ( h] especial indebt$ness to ,miss ,betsey ,libbey1 ,miss ,hel5 ,wall]/e9 & ,miss ,elizabe? ,wood ( ,philadelphia2 ,mr4 ,c4,c4 ,c>/5s & ,miss ,elizabe? ,holbrook ( ,bo/on2 ,mrs4 ,a4,b4 ,fox & ,mr4 ,j4,c4 ,murphy ( ,buffalo2 ,miss ,c>ol9e ,b$=d ( ,m9neapolis2 ,mr4 ,/ockton ,raymond ( ,columbus2 ,mrs4 ,hel5 ,gl5n ,tyson ( ,pittsburgh2 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,t[ne ( ,brooklyn2 ,mr4 ,e4,j4 ,cooley1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,zuns]1 ,mr4 ,hiram ,my]s1 & ,miss ,m>y ,b4 ,sayles ( ,new ,york4 ,_m o!rs n "h m5tion$ 7 untir+ 9 answ]+ que/ions & furni%+ ne$$ in=mation4 ,,m>y ,e4 ,,ri*mond ,editor ( ! ,social ,"w ,s]ies ,,new ,,york1 ,may1 #aiai4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,i4 ,,introduction #g ,,ii4 ,,:y ,,d ,,m5 ,,des]t ,,_! ,,families8 #ag ,,iii4 ,,*anges ,,( ,,emphasis ,,9 ,,treatm5t #ej ,,iv4 ,,f9d+ ,,! ,,des]t+ ,,husb& #fe ,v4 ,,fur!r ,,items ,,9 ,,! ,,inve/igation #ia ,,vi4 ,,! ,,details ,,( ,,treatm5t #ajf ,,vii4 ,,! ,,details ,,( ,,treatm5t 7,cont9u$7 #abe ,,viii4 ,,! ,,home-,,/ay+ ,,non-,,support] #adi ,,ix4 ,,next ,,/eps ,,9 ,,corrective ,,treatm5t #afd ,x4 ,,next ,,/eps ,,9 ,,prev5tive ,,treatm5t #ahe ,,index #bja ,,brok5 ,,homes ,i ,,introduction ,x has frequ5tly be5 said t des]tion is ! poor man's divorce b1 l _m epigrams1 ?is "o h>dly /&s ! te/ ( exp]i5ce4 ,:5 exam9$ closely x is nei!r illum9at+ nor1 if ! te/imony ( social case work]s c be accept$1 is x true4 ,x is true1 ( c\rse1 t _m ( ! causes ( dome/ic infelicity :i* lead to divorce among ! well-to-d may br+ ab\t des]tion among ! less =tunate1 b ! des]t+ man does n1 z a rule1 consid] 8 abs5ces f home z any?+ s f9al & def9ite z divorce4 ,9 a /udy ( des]tion made by ! ,philadelphia ,society = ,organiz+ ,*>ity 9 #aijb1a x 0 f\nd t #hg p] c5t ( ! m5 /udi$ _h des]t$ m ?an once4 ,! comb9$ exp]i5ce ( social work]s goes to %[ t a comp>atively small numb] ( fir/ des]t]s make s complete a break 9 _! m>ital relations t !y are nev] he>d f aga91 & t an ev5 small] numb] actually />t new families else:]e1 al?\gh no /ati/ical pro( ( ?is la/ /atem5t is available4 ,"o social work] ( exp]i5ce says t 9 h] judgm5t des]tion1 in/ead ( be+ a poor man's divorce1 comes ne>] to be+ a poor man's vacation4 ,a man :o _h always be5 a good husb& & fa!r 0 dis*>g$ f hospital aft] a long & exhau/+ illness & return$ to 8 family--wife & sev5 *ildr5--9 _! five-room t5em5t4 ,t5 days lat] he disappe>$ sudd5ly1 b reappe>$ "s two weeks lat] 9 v mu* bett] heal? & ready to resume 8 occupation & ! c>e ( 8 family4 ,8 explanation ( 8 app>5t des]tion 0 t he 0 unable to /& ! confusion ( 8 home & _h ne$$ re/4 ,he _h beat5 8 way to ,philadelphia & visit$ a fri5d !re4 ,! report] ( ! =ego+ rem>ks t x illu/rates unconsci\s self-!rapy1 & t ! pati5t's disappe>ance might h be5 avoid$ if ! s]vices ( a good m$ical-social dep>tm5t _h be5 available at ! hospital :]e ! man 0 treat$4 ,x is m difficult to ju/ify ! ?ir/ = exp]i5ce ( ano!r des]t+ husb& :o came to ! (fice ( a family social ag5cy aft] an abs5ce ( a few mon?s1 ) effusive ?anks = ! c>e ( 8 family & ! explanation t he _h always want$ to see ! ,we/1 & ?is _h be5 ! only way he c\ld f9d ( accompli%+ x4 ,9 fact1 case "w has conv9c$ social work]s t !re are few ?+s less p]man5t ?an des]tion4 ,9 itself ?is provisional quality t5ds to create irritation 9 ! m9ds ( _m ( ! pr(ession4 ,x is upsett+ to plan = a des]t$ family :i* /ops be+ des]t$1 s to speak1 ov]night4 ,b 9 _! und]/&able despair social work]s sometimes ov]look ess5tial facts ab\t ! nature ( m>riage4 ,! p]man5ce ( family life is "o ( ! f\ndation /ones ( _! pr(essional fai?2 yet !y may fail to recognize c]ta9 manife/ations ( ?is p]man5ce z "p & p>cel ( ! end = :i* !y are /riv+4 ,!y w\ld see no po9t 9 ! practice adopt$ by a c]ta9 social ag5cy :i* deals ) _m cases ( family des]tion4 ,?is society1 :5 x has _h occasion to pr9t copies ( a des]t]'s photograph to use 9 seek+ to discov] 8 pres5t :]eab\ts1 (t5 pres5ts 8 wife ) an enl>gem5t ( ! picture suitable = fram+4 ,! proc$ure displays1 nev]!less1 a pr(\nd insight n only into human nature b into ! human in/itution call$ m>riage4 ,9 ! next *apt] w be consid]$ "s ( ! causes t make m5 leave _! homes4 ,to deal effectively ) ! situation creat$ by des]tion1 h[ev]1 we h ne$ ( a wid] k ?an ?is4 ,n only :at takes m5 away b :at keeps !m f go+1 :at br+s !m back1 :at leads to _! be+ =giv5 & receiv$ into _! homes aga91 are matt]s t s]i\sly conc]n ! social case work]4 ,:at is x t makes ?is plant call$ m>riage s t\gh ( fib] & s difficult to eradicate f ev5 ! mo/ unfri5dly soil8 ,x is =tunate 7s9ce ! majority ( case work]s are unm>ri$7 t simply to h be5 a memb] ( a family gives "o "s und]/&+ ( ^! que/ions4 ,! !ori/ :o ma9ta9s t m>riage is purely economic1 or t x is entirely a "q ( sex1 has ei!r nev] belong$ to a real family or has =gott5 "s ( ! lessons he le>n$ !re4 ,_m volumes h be5 writt5 ^u ! hi/ory ( m>riage1 or r ( ! family1 s9ce1 z "o hi/orian ju/ly puts x1 m>riage has its s\rce 9 ! family r ?an ! family 9 m>riage4#b ,9 all ^! /udies ! influ5ce ( law1 ( cu/om1 ( self-int]e/1 & ( economic pressure1 is %[n to h mold$ ! in/itution ( m>riage into curi\s %apes & =ms1 "s griev\s to be borne4 ,b is x n aft] all ! cry/alliz$ & conv5tionaliz$ records ( pa/ "t :i* h _h to be us$ z ! s\rce mat]ial ( su* /udies1 & c\ld ! spiritual values ( ! family 9 any p]iod be f\nd 9 its laws & le>n$ disc\rses8 ,we might r expect to f9d /ud5ts ( ^! s\rces preoccupi$ ) ! outw>d aspects1 ! failures1 ! unusual in/ances4 ,x is z true ( human be+s z ( nations1 t ! happy f9d no *ronicl]4 ,out ( 444 int]e/ & joy 9 c>+ = *ildr5 9 _! weakness & wat*+ t weakness gr[ to /r5g?1 family life came into be+ & has p]si/$4#c ,x is h>dly conceivable t 9 any society1 h[ev] primitive1 !re 7 n "s real families--ev5 :5 cu/om ran o!rwise--9 :i* m>riage meant love & k9dness & ! mutual %>+ ( responsibilities4 ,& ^! families1 today z always1 are ! creators & pres]v]s ( ! spiritual ga9s ( ! human race4 ,x has be5 beautifully said ( ! family 9 su* a =m1 t x is great] ?an love itself1 = x includes1 ennobles1 makes p]man5t1 all t is be/ 9 love4 ,! pa9 ( life is hall[$ by x1 ! drudg]y sweet5$1 its pleasures consecrat$4 ,x is ! great try/+-place ( ! g5]ations1 :]e pa/ & future fla% into ! reality ( ! pres5t4 ,x is ! great /oreh\se 9 :i* ! h>dly-e>n$ treasures ( ! pa/1 ! inh]itance ( _s & "* f our ance/ors1 are gu>d$ & pres]v$ = our desc5dants4 ,& x is ! great discipl9e ?r\gh :i* ea* g5]ation le>ns anew ! lesson ( citiz5%ip t no man c live = himself alone4#d ,x foll[s t ! mo/ try+ & disc\rag+ feature ( social "w ) des]t$ wives2 namely1 _! det]m9ation to take wor?less m5 back & back aga9 = ano!r trial1 is (t5 only a fur!r manife/ation ( ! extraord9>y viability ( ! family4 ,x is true t1 into ?is endur+ quality1 _m elem5ts ent]1 "s homely or m]ely mat]ial4 ,a desire = support1 or = a resumption ( sex relations1 may play a "p 9 a wife's decision to =give ! w&]]4 ,!re are _m o!r factors--use & wont2 pride 9 be+ able to %[ a good front to ! neighbors2 a feel+ t x is unnatural to be receiv+ support f o!r s\rces4 ,j ! m]e desire to h 8 clo!s hang+ on ! wall & ! smell ( 8 pipe ab\t1 ! hundr$s ( small details t g to make up ! habit ( liv+ toge!r1 h ea* _! sep>ate pull on ! woman ^: in/9ct to be wife & "m to h] err+ man is urg+ h] to give 92 ,home is1 9 bo? _! m9ds1 444 ! place :]e :5 y h to g !re ,!y h to take y 94444 ,some?+ y someh[ hav5't to des]ve4#e ,a woman :o _h left h] home t[n & f\nd cl]ical "w 9 a /range city1 9 ord] n to be ne> h] syphilitic husb& f :om %e _h det]m9$ to sep>ate1 said1 ,:5 y've be5 m>ri$ to a man1 y c't get ov] feel+ y\r place is ) him4 ,h[ev] we may deplore ! results 9 a giv5 case1 ! sp9eless woman :o takes h] husb& back _m times may nev]!less be giv+ a demon/ration ( ! ?+ we are mo/ int]e/$ 9 cons]v+--! durability & p]si/5ce ( ! family4 ,& s ! social work] :o is enabl$ by exp]i5ce or imag9ation to ent] into ! real mean+ ( family life is nei!r scornful nor amus$ :5 ,mrs4 ,f9negan is f\nd1 on ! morn+ :5 h] case aga9/ ,f9negan is to come up 9 ! dome/ic relations c\rt1 busily wa%+ & iron+ 8 o!r %irt 9 ord] t he may make a prop] appe>ance & n disgrace ! family be=e ! judge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an attempt w be made 9 ?is small book to analyze "s causal factors 9 ! problem ( ! des]t]1 to t\* ^u rec5t *anges 9 ! attitude ( social work]s t[>d des]t$ families1 to pres5t illu/rations f ! be/ discov]able practice 9 ! treatm5t ( des]tion1 & to sugge/ c]ta9 possible next /eps1 bo? on ! legal & on ! social side4 ,= lack ( space1 x w be impossible to consid] ! closely relat$ problems ( ! des]t+ wife1 ! unm>ri$ "m1 or ! divorc$ c\ple4 ,x is assum$ ?r\gh\t t ! read] is famili> ) ! g5]al !ory ( mod]n case "w2 & no m is "h attempt$ ?an to give a numb] ( sugge/ions :i* w be f\nd to be practical1 x is hop$1 :5 ! social work] deals ) ! home m>r$ & brok5 by des]tion1 or :5 he seeks to prev5t ?is evil by su* con/ructive measures z are n[ possible4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,tw5ty-f\r? ,annual ,report ( ! ,philadelphia ,society = ,organiz+ ,*>ity1 p4 #be4 #b ,goodsell1 ,willy/9e3 ,! ,family z a ,social & ,educational ,in/itution1 p4 #h4 ,new ,york1 ,! ,macmillan ,co41 #aiae4 #c ,by+ton1 ,m>g>et ,f43 ,article on ,! ,normal ,family1 ,annals ( ! ,am]ican ,academy ( ,political & ,social ,sci5ce1 ,may1 #aiah4 #d ,bosanquet1 ,hel53 ,! ,family1 p4 #cdb4 ,london1 ,macmillan ,co41 #aijf4 #e ,fro/1 ,rob]t3 ,nor? ( ,bo/on1 p4 #bj4 ,new ,york1 ,h5ry ,holt ,co41 #aiae4 ,,ii ,,:y ,,d ,,m5 ,,des]t ,,_! ,,families8 ,be=e ! des]t] !re 0 a brok5 man1 said a di/rict secret>y :o has _h conspicu\s success 9 deal+ ) su* m54 ,by ?is *>act]ization %e meant n necess>ily a physical or m5tal wreck1 b a man bankrupt = ! "t be+ 9 heal?1 hopes1 prospects1 or 9 all ?ree2 a man :o lack$ ! p[] or ! w to dom9ate adv]se conditions1 :o _h all[$ life to ov]come him4 ,su* an un=tunate may n be consci\s ( 8 own %>e 9 br++ ab\t ! difficulties 9 :i* he f9ds himself1 b he is always aw>e t some?+ has gone s]i\sly wrong 9 8 life4 ,8 grasp ( ?is fact is ! "o sure gr\nd ^u :i* ! social work] c meet him at ! />t4 ,we %\ld di/+ui% betwe5 ! causes t br+ ab\t a giv5 des]tion1 & ! consci\s motives 9 ! m9d ( ! des]t]4 ,x is well = ! social work] to make ! latt] ! />t+ po9t 9 deal+ ) ! man1 accept+ ! mo/ prepo/]\s z at lea/ wor?y ( discussion4 ,! abscond] is (t5 too in>ticulate & ill at ease to give a cle> picture ( :at 0 9 8 m9d :5 he w5t away4 ,if he 0 out ( "w1 x may h be5 a p]fectly s9c]e belief t he w\ld f9d "w else:]e1 or p]haps only a speculative hope t he might4 7,^! are n 9 ! beg9n+ g5u9e des]tions1 b (t5 become s lat] on47 ,x is possible t1 beset by irritations & p]plexities1 ! ?\ght ( cutt+ 8 way out at "o /roke f all 8 difficulties made an appeal too /rong to be resi/$4 ,or p]haps he flung out ( ! h\se & away1 9 a passion ( ang] & jeal\sy :i* lat] cry/alliz$ into cold dislike4 ,! spell ( an infatuation = ano!r woman might well h be5 ! cause2 or he may h be5 m5tally d]ang$ ?r\gh alcohol4 ,simple we>9ess ( ! burd5 :i* he has n /r5g? ( body or m9d to c>ry & ought nev] to h assum$ is "o attitude to be reckon$ )1 & failure to realize or 9 8 he>t accept ! b9d+ nature ( 8 obligations is ano!r4 ,8 temp]am5tal in/ability may h be5 su* t ! desire = a *ange--! w&]lu/--0 driv+ him to di/raction4 ,or p]haps1 "u ! urge ( 8 own subconsci\s feel+ ( failure1 he may h conv9c$ himself t if he c\ld %ake ! old environm5t & all 9 x t hamp]$ him1 he c\ld take a fre% />t & make good4 ,if ,i c\ld only get to ,cali=nia1 sigh$ ,patrick ,donald1#f ,i h a feel+ ?+s w\ld be diff]5t4 ,) too mu* imag9ation to be cont5t ) ! situation 9 :i* he f\nd himself1 ,donald _h n imag9ation en\gh to realize t he w\ld h to take 8 old self ) him :]ev] he w5t1 & t he might bett] fight ?+s out :]e he /ood4 ,m5 ( 8 sort ye>n con/antly = ! future1 n realiz+ t 9 its true/ s5se ! pres5t is ! future4 ,only 9 r>e in/ances w ! des]t] accept ! entire responsibility = 8 act4 ,to try to f9d ju/ification = do+ :at we want to d is *>act]i/ic ( human be+s1 & ! des]t] is no exception4 ,he attempts to rationalize 8 conduct & s rega9 8 s5se ( self-approval & well-be+ by f9d+ excuses & ju/ifications 9 ! conduct ( o!rs4 ,ev5 :5 ! fault is all 81 he usually succe$s 9 mak+ himself believe t 8 wife is m to blame ?an he = 8 hav+ left home4#g ,! social work] :o attempts to deal ) ! situation ! des]t] creates %\ld "k ?is attitude 9 advance & be prep>$1 ?r\gh "s simple rule-(-?umb psy*ology1 to attack ! obsession & br+ him1 fir/ ( all1 to see & face squ>ely 8 own responsibility4 ,_m blanket !ories h be5 develop$ to expla9 des]tion--t x is due to economic pressure2 t x is ! result ( bad h\sekeep+2 t its causes c all be r$uc$ to sex incompatibility4 ,all ^! factors3 und\bt$ly h _! be>+ on ! problem1 b !re is no "o cause or gr\p ( causes und]ly+ breakd[ns 9 family morale4 ,! ratio ( des]tions has be5 obs]v$ to decrease r ?an to increase 9 h>d times2#h moreov]1 x is a matt] ( common obs]vation t n all slov5ly & incompet5t wives are des]t$1 & t _m m>ri$ c\ples 9 all walks ( life ^: sex relation%ips are unsatisfactory1 nev]!less ma9ta9 ! fabric ( family life & support & br+ up _! *ildr5 ) an av]age degree ( success4 ,none ( ^! ?ree factors alone w s]ve1 !re=e1 z a fundam5tal causation unit 9 des]tion4 ,_m /ati/ical attempts h be5 made to /udy ! causes ( des]tion1 & to assign to ea* its ma!matical p]c5tage ( influ5ce4 ,! report ( a c\rt ( dome/ic relations gives su* an analysis ( ov] #a1ejj cases1 li/+ #be causes1 & c>efully calculat+ ! p]c5tage ( cases due to ea*4 ,a summ>y ( ^! p]c5tages gr\p$ "u five heads is z foll[s3 ,p]c5tage #a4 ,di/9ct sex factors #ci4jc #b4 ,alcohol & n>cotic drugs #cg4jj #c4 ,temp]am5tal traits #ae4dj #d4 ,economic issues #f4bg #e4 ,m5tal & physical tr\bles #b4cj ------ #ajj4jj ,x w\ld be easy to criticize ! =ego+ on ! score ( gr\p+4 ,c alcoholism & drug addiction be sep>at$ f m5tal & physical disord]s8 ,& h[ di/+ui% infallibly betwe5 sex factors1 temp]am5tal traits1 & m5tal disabilities8 ,b ! ma9 defect 9 su* /ati/ical /udies is t !y assume 9 ea* case "o cause1 or at lea/ "o cause suffici5tly dom9ant to dw>f ! re/2 & few ( ! causes li/$ are really fundam5tal4 ,! m9d in/9ctively beg9s to rea* back aft] ! causes ( all ^! causes4 ,! social work] :o made ! sweep+ ass]tion t !re are two great reasons = m>ital discord--selfi%ness 9 m5 & peevi%ness 9 wom51--came a good deal ne>] to an accurate /atem5t ( fact ) inf9itely less tr\ble4 ,look$ at f ! po9t ( view ( ! social work]1 des]tion is itself only a symptom ( "s m deeply seat$ tr\ble 9 ! family /ructure4 ,! problem pres5t$1 if x c\ld h be5 recogniz$ 9 "t1 is n ess5tially diff]5t f :at x w\ld h be5 be=e ! man's dep>ture4 ,)\t attempt+1 !re=e1 any /ati/ical analysis ( ! causes ( des]tion1 we may nev]!less be able to exam9e "o by "o a numb] ( possible contributory factors 9 m>ital unhapp9ess & !re=e 9 des]tion4 ,no attempt w be made 9 ! li/ t foll[s to di/+ui% betwe5 prim>y & second>y causes1 nor to arrange !m 9 any ord] ( importance4 ,an ef=t to get f case work]s li/s s arrang$ result$ only 9 confusion1 ea* p]son emphasiz+ a diff]5t set ( factors4 ,! gr\p+s "h giv51 !re=e1 are no m ?an a plac+ ( ! m obvi\sly relat$ factors toge!r & a lead+ f pa/ hi/ory up to ! pres5t4 ,consid]+ fir/ ! p]sonal z di/+ui%$ f ! community factors 9 des]tion1 ^! may be li/$ z foll[s3 ,,contributory ,,factors ,,9 ,,! ,,man ,,& ,,woman #a4 ,actual ,m5tal ,defici5cy4--,"* weaknesses su* z 7 spok5 ( e>li] 9 ?is *apt] grade d[n by degrees into real m5tal defect or disord]1 & n ev5 ! psy*iatri/ c always draw ! l9e4 ,a physician connect$ ) ! ,municipal ,c\rt 9 ,bo/on gives z 8 op9ion t :ile ! p]c5tage ( actually insane or feeble-m9d$ among des]t]s is no high] ?an among o!r (f5d]s !y are extremely likely to pres5t "s ( ! ph5om5a ( psy*opa?ic p]sonality4 ,su* p h to be /udi$ by ! social work] & ! psy*iatri/1 & n f ! behavior side only1 b ) a view to discov]+ :at sort ( equipm5t = life 0 h&$ d[n to !m f _! family /ock4 ,! plan = ! future ( a fifte5-ye>-old boy :i* 0 made by a society = family social "w 0 m>k$ly modifi$ :5 x 0 discov]$ t n only 8 fa!r b 8 gr&fa!r _h be5 a man ( viol5t & abusive temp]1 :o drank habitually & neglect$ _! family obligations4 ,) ?is sort ( h]$ity & an ineffective "m1 :om he 0 accu/om$ to see+ treat$ ) abuse & disrespect1 x 0 felt important to remove ! boy1 :o %[$ "s promise1 to surr\nd+s :]e he c\ld be "u firm discipl9e & le>n dec5t /&>ds ( family life4 ,feeble-m9d$ness1 closely connect$ z x usually is ) indu/rial ineffici5cy 9 ! man1 bad h\sekeep+ 9 ! woman1 & lack ( self-control 9 bo?1 is ( c\rse1 a pot5t factor 9 non-support & probably also 9 des]tion4 #b4 ,faults 9 ,e>ly ,tra9+4--,to l[ ideals ( home life & ( p]sonal obligation1 :i* 7 imbib$ 9 y\?1 c be trac$ mu* family irresponsibility4 ,x is by no means ! rule1 h[ev]1 = *ildr5 always to foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( weak or vici\s p>5ts2 & x is ! exp]i5ce ( social work]s t su* *ildr51 taught by obs]vation to avoid ! faults se5 9 _! own homes1 (t5 make good p>5ts !mselves4 ,p]haps ev5 m insidi\s 9 its effect on lat] m>ital hi/ory is ! home 9 :i* no self-control is le>n$4 ,! s-call$ good homes 9 :i* *ildr5 are expos$ to pett+1 coddl+1 & ov]9dulg5ce--& ^! homes are n conf9$ to ! weal?y--produce adults :o d n /& up to _! responsibilities4 ,a probation (fic] 9 ,philadelphia tells ( ! "m ( a "y des]t] :o c\ld n acc\nt = h] son's del9qu5cy4 ,he ought to be a good boy1 %e compla9$2 ,i c>ri$ him up to b$ myself e night till he 0 elev5 ye>s old4 #c4 ,diff]5ces 9 ,backgr\nd4--,ev5 ?\gh bo? man & wife come f good homes1 if ^? homes are widely diff]5t 9 /&>ds & 9 cultural backgr\nd /ra9s may develop 9 lat] life betwe5 ! c\ple4 ,diff]5ces 9 race1 religion & age are recogniz$ z hav+ a causative relation to des]tion4 ,miss ,br&t#i f\nd t1 9 ab\t #bh p] c5t ( ! cases :]e ^! facts 7 asc]ta9$1 ! husb& & wife 7 ( diff]5t nationality4 ,9 ! g5]al population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aijj only #h4e p] c5t 0 ( mix$ p>5tage1 & = ,new ,york ,city ! proportion 0 less ?an #ac p] c5t4444 ,a diff]5ce 9 nationality 0 m ?an twice z frequ5t among ! cases ( des]tion z among ! g5]al population ( ! city :]e x is mo/ common4 ,miss ,br&t's figures = diff]5ce ( religion are less significant1 b x exi/$ 9 #ai p] c5t ( ! total numb] ( cases = :i* in=mation on ?is po9t 0 available4 ,9 #bg p] c5t ( ! families :]e age-facts 7 le>n$1 !re 7 diff]5ces ( ov] six ye>s betwe5 ! two2 9 #ae p] c5t ! woman 0 old] ?an ! man4 ,o!r diff]5ces :i* %\ld f9d m5tion "u ?is head+ are ^? t arise :5 ! environm5t is *ang$ by immigration4 ,! man :o prec$es 8 wife by _m ye>s 9 com+ to ,am]ica has (t5 outgr[n h] :5 %e f9ally jo9s him1 ev5 if he has =m$ no o!r family ties4 ,! h&icap is n :olly ov]come :5 ! c\ple come to ?is c\ntry toge!r1 = ! mu* great] opportunities ( ! man to le>n ,am]ican ways may drive a w$ge betwe5 him & 8 wife4 ,on ! o!r h& x is a popul> say+1 p>ticul>ly among "y ,italian immigrants1 t girls :o h be5 9 ,am]ica too long d n make good wives1 t :5 a man wants to m>ry he _h bett] s5d = a girl f ! old c\ntry2 & ^! m>riages seem on ! :ole to turn out well4 #d4 ,wrong ,basis ( ,m>riage4--,includ$ "h %\ld be ha/y m>riages1 m]c5>y m>riages1 m>riages ent]$ into unwill+ly aft] pregnancy _h occurr$1 z well z m>riages :]e co]cion 0 a factor = o!r reasons4#aj ,:5 !re h be5 sex relations be=e m>riage1 unless ! cu/om ( ! community sanctions su* intimacy1 !re are likely to develop jeal\sies1 qu>rels1 & ill feel+4 ,he d be always ca/9' x up at me1 b sure1 'twas himself 0 to blame is "o v]sion ( ! age-old /ory4 ,!re %\ld also be includ$ "h ^? irregul> unions call$ common law m>riages1 :i* are /ill p]mitt$ 9 _m ( our /ates4 ,! protection suppos$ to be af=d$ to ! woman by ?is in/itution is ma9ly fictiti\s1 z x is practically impossible to secure conviction = bigamy if "o ( ! m>riages 0 ( ! common law v>iety4 ,a common law husb& :o des]ts1 ev5 if he admits 8 wife's legal claim ^u him1 does n feel morally b\nd2 & ?is fact und\bt$ly plays its "p 9 ! causation ( su* des]tions4#aa #e4 ,lack ( ,education4--,m is includ$ "u ?is title ?an scanty book-le>n+4 ,n only ! morally undiscipl9$ *ild b ! m5tally undiscipl9$ y\? is h&icapp$ z sp\se & p>5t4 ,ignorance ( ! physical & spiritual bases ( m>ri$ life is a pot5t cause ( des]tion4 ,s also is a limit$ indu/rial equipm5t4 ,irregul> s*ool att5dance1 e>ly work+ pap]s1 a dead-end job ) no educational possibilities 9 x--^! =m a frequ5t backgr\nd = lat] unsuccess 9 life & 9 m>riage4 ,!re seem$ at fir/ no good explanation = ! des]tion ( ,alfr$ ,we/4 ,bo? 8 record & 8 wife's 7 good1 & _! mutual fondness = ! *ildr5 seem$ a /rong bond4 ,!y con/antly bick]$1 h[ev]1 ov] ! small income ,alfr$ 0 able to e>n1 & 8 wife & h] relatives look$ d[n ^u him z be+ l[] ?an !y 9 ! social scale4 ,inquiry into pa/ hi/ory %[$ t he _h gr[n up 9 a s\!rn community :]e !re 7 no facilities = education1 & t he c\ld n ev5 read & write until aft] 8 m>riage4 ,al?\gh ( av]age capacity1 he 0 re/rict$ by 8 e>ly lack ( tra9+ 9 8 *oice ( a job2 & ! mortification & s5se ( inf]iority :i* 8 wife fo/]$ l$ to disc\ragem5t & indiff]5ce1 :i* end$ 9 des]tion4 ,a ?or\gh und]/&+ ( ! two backgr\nds involv$ enabl$ a social work] to effect a real reconciliation1 ) ! woman's eyes op5$ to h] ung5]\s behavior & ! man tak+ /eps to improve 8 education 9 a night s*ool4 #f4 ,occupational ,faults4--,closely alli$ to ! =ego+1 & 9 "s respects gr[+ out ( x1 are ! %ortcom+s on ! employm5t side t contribute to m>ital in/ability4 ,mo/ ( ^! c be ref]r$ back to lack ( education or opportunity 9 y\?1 or to defects ( "*4 ,laz9ess1 incompet5ce1 lack ( skill 9 any trade1 lack ( application1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 ! possession by a man ) no bus9ess /ake 9 ! community ( a trade at :i* he c "w :]ev] he takes a fancy to g1 or ( a trade :i* is seasonal & %ift+--all ^! h a direct relation to des]tion4 ,! wife's compet5ce & will+ness to e>n (t5 seems to h a causal connection ) ! man's failure z provid]4#ab ,correspond+ to & complem5t+ ! man's indu/rial defects1 & spr++ f ! same causes1 is ! woman's failure 9 ! bus9ess ( be+ a h\sewife4 ,! wife's laz9ess1 incompet5ce1 lack ( int]e/1 & lack ( skill & k create1 z "o case work] puts x1 ! sort ( home t t5ds to get itself des]t$4 ,^! faults ( ! wife are responsible = z _m des]tions1 probably1 z are ! faults ( ! husb&4 ,:5 ! man & ! wife are bo? indu/rial failures we get ! extremity ( family breakd[n to be f\nd 9 records ( *ronic non-support cases4 #g4 ,w&]lu/4--,z a cause ( family des]tion ?is has probably be5 ov]e/imat$4 ,"s item ( ?is sort appe>s 9 e li/ ( causes ( des]tion :i* has ev] be5 compil$1 & !re are m or less exceptional cases 9 :i* x probably plays a "p4 ,! boy :o becomes a vagabond 9 *ildhood & e>ly takes to ! road does n1 h[ev]1 seem to be a m>ry+ man2 & ! in/ances f case "w 9 :i* x is cle> t ! ?ir/ = adv5ture 0 at ! bottom ( des]tion are r>e4 ,! man ^: l9e ( "w be=e m>riage l$ him f place to place seems1 9 fact1 h>dly to contribute 8 quota to ! ranks ( wife-des]t]s1 & x is unusual to f9d sailors or o!r w&]]s f =ce ( circum/ance figur+ among !m4 #h4 ,money ,tr\bles4--,z has already be5 said1 x is impossible to %[ any direct relation betwe5 small incomes & des]tion4 ,! connection betwe5 l[ wage & non-support is ( c\rse a great deal clos]4 ,! inadequate income unque/ionably acts indirectly to break d[n family morale 9 mu* ! same way z does l[]$ physical vitality4 ,b m>ital discord t spr+s f ! h&l+ ( ! family f9ances is ano!r matt]1 & x recurs regul>ly 9 ! hi/ory ( :at w5t on prior to des]tion4 ,"o des]t]1 trac$ to a s\!rn city1 return$ volunt>ily & begg$ ! assi/ance ( ! social work] int]e/$ to re=m 8 wife's sp5d+ habits4 ,i made good money & ,i nev] op5$ my pay envelope on h]1 said he1 b ! week's wages 0 always gone by ,?ursday4 ,_m m51 h[ev]1 :o make a boa/ ( turn+ ov] unbrok5 pay envelopes to _! wives borr[ back s mu* 9 daily advances t _! net contribution is only a fraction ( _! wages4 ,"s des]tions br\ght ab\t by f9ancial difficulties are n1 /rictly speak+1 m>ital problems at all4 ,debts result+ f 8 own extravagance or di%one/y may cause a man to leave home to escape prosecution or disgrace4 ,"o su* man kept 9 t\* ) 8 family1 s5d+ money at irregul> int]vals = "s ye>s1 b always mov+ on to ano!r place be=e he c\ld be f\nd4 ,x prov$ impossible to get 9 communication ) him1 & f9ally he /opp$ writ+ & disappe>$4 #i4 ,ill ,heal?3 ,physical ,debility4--,all social work]s agree t physical condition plays a "p1 ?\gh usually only indirectly & second>ily1 9 caus+ des]tion4 ,9 ! man1 x may l[] 8 vitality1 cause irregul> "w1 & sup]9duce a condition ( despond5cy & read9ess to give 94 ,9 ! woman1 x br+s ab\t c>eless h\sekeep+1 loss ( attractiv5ess1 & dis9cl9ation to m>ital int]c\rse--all factors :i* contribute directly to des]tion4 ,cont9u$ ill heal? ( ! wife br+s burd5s1 f9ancial & o!r1 :i* may help ?r\gh disc\ragem5t to break d[n ! husb&'s morale4 ,!re %\ld be includ$ "h "s consid]ation ( "o ( ! mo/ puzzl+ types ( ab&onm5t--! pregnancy des]tion4 ,attempts h be5 made to expla9 x on ! gr\nd ( ! in/9ctive av]sion ( ! male sex = dome/ic crises4 ,b ! impulse t causes ! prosp]\s h\sehold] to move to 8 club :5 h\se-clean+ "t arrives w h>dly s]ve to expla9 su* a cu/om1 & z a matt] ( fact o!r dome/ic crises1 su* z illnesses ( ! *ildr51 d n h any su* effect ^u ! man :o habitually abs5ts himself f home be=e ! bir? ( ea* *ild4 ,o!r possible reasons = x are ! well-kn[n irritability & difficulty ( wom5 9 ?is condition1 & _! av]sion to sexual int]c\rse4 ,"s pregnancy des]t]s take ! /ep 9 ! hope t _! wives w br+ ab\t an abortion2 b ?is is a mod]n & sophi/icat$ developm5t & ! in/itution ( pregnancy des]tion is "o ( und\bt$ antiquity4 ,its preval5ce among c]ta9 ,european immigrants w\ld almo/ po9t to its be+ a racial tradition4 ,e?nologi/s :o h /udi$ /range m>riage cu/oms1 su* z ! c\vade1 ought to turn _! att5tion to discov]+ ! causes ( ?is o!r & socially m important m>ital vag>y4 #aj4 ,temp]am5tal ,incompatibility4--,x is difficult to catalogue & appraise ! causal factors 9 des]tion t lie 9 p]sonality4 ,!y are closely relat$ to diff]5ces 9 backgr\nd & are intimately involv$ ) ! sex relations ( ! pair4 ,we _c1 h[ev]1 admit t !y are id5tical ) ! latt]1 z "s /ud5ts ( ! subject claim2 or t ! only incompatibility 9 m>riage is sex incompatibility4 ,inde$1 two p may be s incompatible z to f9d 9 sex _! only common gr\nd4 ,! commone/ ( ^! temp]am5tal diff]5ces c5t] ab\t /&>ds ( "r & wrong or prop] & improp] conduct4 ,especially is ?is manife/$ 9 ! br++ up ( ! *ildr54 ,extreme self-righte\sness on ! "p ( "o or ! o!r1 nagg+ & petty criticism1 unreasonable jeal\sy1 sulk+ spells1 viol5t qu>rels1 are "s ( its manife/ations4 ,! idea ( possession ex]cis$ by ei!r ( ! c\ple1 & especially a t5d5cy to dom9ate or try to control on ! "p ( ! woman1 may be a causal factor 9 des]tion4 ,! lack ( a sav+ s5se ( humor 9 "o or bo? is (t5 a complicat+ factor4 ,^! comp>atively m9or diff]5ces take on a s]i\s complexion 9 ! m9ds ( ! c\ple2 & x is surpris+ h[ (t5 a des]t+ man w give promptly & ) e appe>ance ( feel+ ju/ifi$ "s cause = 8 des]tion :i* falls cle>ly "u ?is head4 ,p =give ea* o!r ! big ?+s2 x's ! little ?+s !y c't =give4 #aa4 ,sex ,incompatibility4--,!re comes "u ?is head+ a wide range ( causative factors :i* play an important "p 9 m>ital discord4 ,"s ( !m are bett] und]/ood by ! social work] ?an 0 =m]ly ! case2 b _m ( !m are obscure ev5 to ! practition] ( m5tal m$ic9e1 to :om _! results come daily4 ,di/a/eful z ! task may be1 ! social work] %\ld famili>ize h]self1 ?r\gh read+ or ?r\gh in/ruction by a qualifi$ physician1 9 ! common] =ms ( ^! maladju/m5ts4 ,?is is n urg$ because x is "p ( ! social work]'s task to make detail$ inquiry into su* matt]s or to pass judgm5t ^u !m1 b because !y (t5 clamor = att5tion & ne$ to be recogniz$ by ! fir/ responsible p]son to ^: notice !y are br\ght4 ,unless %e kn[s1 = in/ance1 :at con/itutes excess 9 sex relations1 a work] may misund]/& ! situation describ$ to h] & condemn a man = be+ a selfi% brute1 :5 ! tr\ble is really sexual an/hesia 9 ! wife4 ,x is well kn[n t ?is s+le cause op]ates disa/r\sly to disrupt _m m>riages or else to r5d] !m insupportable4 ,! w>n+ %\ld be add$1 h[ev]--& x _c be add$ too emphatically--t ! social work] mu/ scrupul\sly refra9 f mak+ diagnoses 9 ^! cases1 ev5 t5tatively2 %e mu/ ref] su* data z come to h] ei!r to ! g5]al practition] or to ! psy*iatri/1 select+ "o or ! o!r z ! symptoms pres5t$ may indicate4 ,less well und]/ood by ! lay work] are actual maladju/m5ts1 bo? physical & m5tal 7or spiritual71 :i* prev5t ! complete satisfaction ( "o or bo?4 ,"s ( ^! are curable by m$ical c>e1 o!rs by in/ruction & education4 ,?is in/ruction %\ld be giv51 ne$less to say1 by ! physician & n by ! case work]4 ,if uncorrect$ su* maladju/m5ts are apt to result 9 m>ital %ipwreck4 ,no attempt c be made "h to discuss actual sex p]v]sions 9 _! relation to des]tion4 ,_! effect is obvi\s2 & ! social work] %\ld be suffici5tly well in=m$1 n only f a few /&>d books on ! subject1#ac b f a k ( ! phrases :i* are us$ 9 ! t5em5ts1 to und]/& !m1 s t significant symptoms are n ov]look$4 ,s intimately are sex difficulties connect$ ) ! neuroses t ! lay social work] %\ld consult ! psy*iatri/ freely :]ev] "o is available1 be=e attempt+ to deal ) !m4 #ab4 ,vici\s ,habits4--,sexual immorality1 ?r\gh its deg5]ative effect on p]sonality & ! l[]$ ideals ( m>riage x induces1 has a real effect 9 br++ ab\t des]tion4 ,! o!r man & ! o!r woman type ( des]tion1 h[ev]1 is (t5 itself only a consequ5ce ( a previ\sly exi/+ /ate ( temp]am5tal or sexual incompatibility4 ,if ^! und]ly+ causes c be attack$ & *ang$ su* a des]tion may be repairable4 ,a "y man des]t$ 8 wife & ?ree *ildr5 & elop$ ) an eighte5-ye>-old girl :o _h made 8 acqua9tance 9 a /reet c> flirtation4 ,he _h be5 an ob$i5t boy ) good pr9ciples1 & 8 lat] record %[$ /ead9ess & ability2 b he & 8 wife _h be5 drift+ ap>t--_! m>ital relations _h n be5 q ! same z =m]ly4 ,arre/$ & br\ght back1 he did n impute any blame to h]1 h[ev]1 b said he mu/ h be5 crazy4 ,9 spite ( ! circum/ances1 ! judge decid$ to give him six mon?s 9 ! p5it5ti>y2 & a man visitor f ! family social ag5cy int]e/$ began at once to try to secure an influ5ce ov] him4 ,on 8 release ! c\ple aga9 w5t to h\sekeep+4 ,! wife _h be5 caution$ on h[ to receive him2 b ?+s w5t badly at fir/1 & ! man began aga9 insi/+ t !y 7 mismat$4 7,he _h ! o!r girl /ill consid]ably on 8 consci5ce & he>t47 ,tangles cont9ually arose :i* ! society's visitor 0 h>d put to x to /raight5 out4 ,once ! wife f\nd a lett] f ! girl2 b f9ally1 aft] ! *>ity organization society 9 ! city :]e he _h left ! girl report$ t %e 0 do+ well & n break+ h] he>t ab\t him1 ! man decid$ to cut out ! correspond5ce4 ,a little lat] ! girl elim9at$ h]self by m>ry+4 ,a ye> aft] ! reconciliation ! wife told ! fri5dly visitor t ! tr\ble 0 gone betwe5 !m1 & x 0 j l a new life4 ,= ano!r ye> ef=ts 7 cont9u$ to /r5g!n ! atta*m5t & make ! home m attractive1 at ! end ( :i* "t x 0 felt t ! home 0 /able en\gh to ne$ no fur!r sup]vision4 ,= reasons ( conv5i5ce we may include "h ! causal relations betwe5 v5]eal disease & des]tion4 ,9 s f> z syphilis br+s ab\t m5tal & physical det]ioration1 ! relation betwe5 ! two is obvi\s4 ,! pres5ce ( ! disease 9 ! man1 if kn[n to 8 wife1 may lead h] to sev] relations ) him 9 self-protection1 & ?is sev]ance1 9 turn1 may lead ultimately to des]tion or complete sep>ation4 ,(t5 sep>ation is desirable1 b ! syphilitic :o is on ! :ole a good family man raises "s ( ! mo/ difficult que/ions ) :i* ! social work] has to deal4 ,:e!r to try to =ce him out ( ! home & ?us make an unwill+ des]t]2 :e!r to violate ! diagnosis giv5 9 confid5ce by pass+ x on to ! wife = h] protection--^! are only two ( ! puzzles t may arise4 ,! relation ( alcoholism to non-support & des]tion is too well kn[n to require discussion4 ,! causative relation betwe5 alcohol & des]tion is s direct t x probably ought n to be includ$ "u contributory causes at all4 ,z x is an active poison to ! cells ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 x may br+ ab\t det]iorations ( m9d & "* t are directly to blame = su* anti-social acts z des]tion4 ,! same is true 9 less degree ( ! use ( n>cotics2 ?\gh drug habits are f> less common 9 connection ) des]tion ?an alcoholism4 ,:at relation drugs & alcohol w hold to des]tion aft] ,july #a1 #aiai1 rema9s to be se54 ,alcoholism 9 ! woman is1 h[ev]1 a real contributory factor1 & "o frequ5tly met )4 ,! exp]i5ce ( social work]s leads !m to believe t alcohol is m deva/at+ 9 its effects on "* ) wom5 ?an ) m51 & t !re is less hope ( a cure4 ,! great majority ( s-call$ ju/ifiable des]t]s are ! husb&s ( alcoholic wom54 ,gambl+ 9 its effect on family income w be discuss$ 9 connection ) non-support1 to :i* x be>s a mu* m direct relation ?an to des]tion4 ,9 its deg5]ative effect ^u "* x may h1 h[ev]1 a real causal relation to ! latt]4 ,! habit ( des]tion itself is a deg5]ative "o1 n only ^u ! des]t] b ^u 8 home4 ,! int]mitt5t husb& (t5 weak5s & demoralizes 8 wife 9 almo/ ! same ratio z 8 own progress d[n-hill4 ,,contributory ,,factors ,,9 ,,! ,,community #a4 ,int]f]5ce ( ,relatives4--,! t5d5cy ( relatives to take sides aga9/ _! 9-laws is a matt] ( ev]yone's obs]vation4 ,x is frequ5tly f\nd z a s]i\s factor 9 des]tion4 ,_m case /ories :i* w be us$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s to illu/rate o!r po9ts %[ also ! h>mful int]f]5ce ( relatives 9 :at might o!rwise h be5 a fairly /able home4 ,relatives c be a factor 9 m>ital discord )\t actively int]f]+4 ,"o high-temp]$ "y c\ple =m$ :at am\nt$ to a habit ( frequ5t qu>rels & tempor>y sep>ations simply because ! p>5ts ( bo? /ood ready to take !m back :5ev] !y *ose to live ap>t4 ,relatives )9 ! home z well z outside x may ex]cise an un=tunate influ5ce on m>ital relations4 ,! des]tion ( a middle-ag$ man :o m>ri$ a wid[ 0 f\nd to be directly caus$ by ! antagonism :i* grew up betwe5 him & 8 gr[n /ep-*ildr54 #b4 ,racial ,attitude t[>d ,m>riage4--,! racial factor is important 9 des]tion4 ,n only ! individual's own backgr\nd1 b ! attitude ( ! p :5ce he sprang t[>d ! sanctity ( m>riage1 t[>d ! position ( wom51 & t[>d ! importance ( re/ra9t 9 sexual relations1 w h an effect ^u ! des]tion rate ( a giv5 racial gr\p4 ,a /udy 0 rec5tly made ( #dhj des]t]s kn[n to ! ,new ,york ,*>ity ,organization ,society 9 #aiaf-ag ^: nationality 0 giv54 ,! results 9 p]c5tage =m are giv5 = :at !y may be wor?1 comp>$ ) ! same p]c5tage 9 #b1ihg families ( kn[n nationalities :i* 7 "u c>e = all causes dur+ ! same ye>4 ,,nationality ,,or ,,race ,p] c5t ,p] c5t among #b1ihg ,race or place ( bir? among #dhj families "u des]t]s c>e = all causes ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,unit$ ,/ates--:ite #cj4f #bi4g ,unit$ ,/ates--color$ #aa4b #e4f ,iri% #i4g #ad4g ,o!r ,briti% #e4j #d4g ,g]man #f4b #f4b ,italian #bj4b #bh4j ,au/rian #e4e #d4h ,russian #b4h #a4j ,poli% #c4c #a4b ,o!r #e4e #d4a ---------------------------------------- ------------ #ajj4j #ajj4j #c4 ,community ,/&>ds4--,x _c be too emphatically /at$ t any t5d5cy 9 ! community to belittle or ridicule ! e/ate ( matrimony has a def9ite cumulative effect on des]tion4 ,! :5 a man's m>ri$ s]ies 9 ! comic supplem5ts1 c]ta9 comic films 9 ! mov+ picture %[s1 ! =m ( drama popul>ly call$ b$room f>ce are examples ( ^! de/ructive =ces4 ,mo/ ( ! p :o laugh at !m accept !m z a humor\s =mula & are n s]i\sly affect$ by !m2 b _! educational effect on "y p is b\nd to be bad & false to ! la/ degree4 ,9 s f> z !y ov]emphasize romantic love & disp>age conjugal love1 ! !at] & ! popul> press d ?is g5]ation great diss]vice4 ,ano!r way 9 :i* ! community may affect ! popul> conception ( m>riage is 9 ! adm9i/ration ( civil m>riage4 ,lack ( c>e 9 en=c+ ! laws & lack ( gravity 9 p]=m+ ! c]emonies may h a decid$ reaction on respect = ^? laws & = ! in/itution itself4 ,simil>ly1 ! adm9i/ration ( divorce laws may affect ! popul> conception ( m>riage4 ,"o entire neighborhood condon$ ! situation 9 :i* a des]t$ wife imm$iately w5t to live ) ano!r man1 on ! gr\nd t if !y _h be5 ri*1 !y c\ld h got a divorce4 #d4 ,lack ( ,prop] ,recreation4--,?is may seem a subject to be discuss$ "u p]sonal factors2 b prop] recreation1 aft] all1 dep5ds 9 l>ge measure ^u :at ! community provides or makes available4 ,! ,am]ican t5d5cy = ! man to get 8 recreation ap>t f 8 family1 9 saloons & social clubs1 is responsible = _m family maladju/m5ts4 ,any *ange 9 family habits ( recreation :i* means t ! man & wife enjoy few] ?+s toge!r is a dang] signal ! s]i\sness ( :i* is n always appreciat$4 ,social work]s are incl9$ to und]value n only ! influ5ce ( faulty recreation z a factor 9 family breakd[n1 b also ! possibilities ( good recreation z an aid 9 family recon/ruction4 #e4 ,influ5ce ( ,companions4--,z a factor 9 des]tion ?is is closely connect$ ) ! two j discuss$4 ,neighborhood /&>ds1 z !y affect individuals1 are apt to be transmitt$ ?r\gh ! small gr\p t /&s ne>e/1 & a man's companions h ! free/ opportunity to influ5ce him dur+ _! common p]iods ( recreation4 ,! influ5ce ( companions is n (t5 met z a =ce delib]ately ex]t$ to br+ ab\t des]tion2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 a man's own m5tal contra/ betwe5 8 condition & t ( 8 unm>ri$ companions (t5 plays a def9ite "p 9 8 decision to des]t1 if he has begun to ye>n = fre$om4 ,! influ5ce ( companions is p>ticul>ly connect$ ) ! w&]lu/ type ( des]tion4 #f4 ,expectation ( ,*>itable ,relief4--,x us$ to be held t _m m5 :o w\ld o!rwise rema9 at home & support1 might be enc\rag$ to des]t if !y _h reason to believe t _! wives & families w\ld be c>$ = 9 _! abs5ce4 ,?is 0 no d\bt (t5 ! case be=e social work]s _h le>n$ to discrim9ate 9 treatm5t betwe5 des]t$ wives & wid[s1 or to press ) vigor ! se>* = des]t+ m54 ,at pres5t1 x is ! exp]i5ce ( social work]s t few m5 delib]ately reckon ^u transf]r+ ! burd5 ( _! family's support to o!rs1 or are induc$ by ^! consid]ations to leave4#ad 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 try+ to det]m9e ! cause = any giv5 des]tion x is well to keep 9 m9d f ! beg9n+ t !re is probably m ?an "o1 & t ! obvi\s causes t fir/ appe> are almo/ c]ta9 !mselves to be ! effects ( m deeply und]ly+ causes4 ,a "y vaudeville actor ( ,italian p>5tage m>ri$ a ,jewi% girl1 a cab>et s+]1 & took h] home to live ) 8 p>5ts4 ,0 8 subsequ5t des]tion to be ascrib$ to diff]5ce 9 nationality & religion1 to int]f]5ce ( relatives1 to irregul> & unsettl+ occupation1 or to a comb9ation ( all ?ree8 ,w\ld all m>riages s h&icapp$ turn out z badly8 ,if n1 :at fur!r factors ent]$ to l[] ! ?re%old ( resi/ance to dis9tegration 9 ?is p>ticul> case8 ,?is la/ "q is aft] all ! mo/ important "o ( ! =ego+ s]ies4 ,x is "o :i* ! social case work] mu/ nev] be cont5t to leave unansw]$4 ,,footnotes3 #f ,all names ( des]t]s giv5 ?r\gh\t ! text are pseudonyms4 #g ,= an excell5t discussion ( ! process ( rationalization see ,! ,psy*ology ( ,insanity1 ,b]n>d ,h>t1 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press1 #aiad4 #h ,= a ?\ghtful discussion ( ?is po9t see ,eubank1 ,e4,e43 ,a ,/udy ( ,family ,des]tion4 ,*icago ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,welf>e1 #aiaf4 #i ,br&t1 ,lilian3 ,family ,des]tion4 ,! ,*>ity ,organization ,society ( ,new ,york ,city1 #aije4 #aj ,= a full] discussion ( =c$ m>riages1 see p4 #ib sq4 #aa ,see also p4 #ih4 #ab ,see also p4 #aed4 #ac ,two books may be sugge/$3 ,=el on ,! ,sexual ,"q & ,havelock ,ellis on ,sex 9 ,relation to ,society 7,vol4 ,,vi ( ,/udies 9 ! ,psy*ology ( ,sex74 #ad ,see p4 #gj sq4 = a discussion ( collusive des]tion4 ,,iii ,,*anges ,,( ,,emphasis ,,9 ,,treatm5t ,unconsci\sly & imp]ceptibly1 ! po9t ( view ab\t ! treatm5t ( des]tion has be5 *ang+ dur+ ! pa/ fifte5 ye>s4 ,! case work]'s att5tion us$ to be focuss$ on ! dang] ( increas+ ! des]tion rate by a policy ( too sympa!tic c>e = des]t]s' families4 ,little /udy 0 made ( individual causes1 & 9 s f> z !re 0 a g5]al policy ( treatm5t x 0 to insi/1 :]ev] a des]tion law exi/$1 t ! des]t$ wife g at once to c\rt & in/itute proce$+s aga9/ h] husb&4 ,he 0 (t5 n se5 by ! social work] until he appe>$ 9 c\rt4 ,! policy t[>d ! family meantime 0 to r$uce its size by commitm5t ( ! *ildr5 until _! "m c\ld support h]self unaid$2 or1 if relief 0 giv51 to give small] am\nts ?an to a wid[ or ! wife ( a man 9 hospital4 ,z soon z ! man _h be5 plac$ "u c\rt ord] or _h return$ home1 old records g5]ally %[ t ! social work]'s ef=ts 7 relax$1 & (t5 ! f9al entry is1 ,case clos$--family self-support+4 ,!re 7 excell5t reasons und]ly+ mu* ( ! practice4 ,few laws 7 at t "t 9 exi/5ce or at all adequately en=c$1 & any man :o desir$ 0 at lib]ty1 s f> z ! community 0 conc]n$1 to walk (f & leave 8 family at any "t4 ,! multiplicity ( s\rces ( relief 9 ! l>ge communities & ! abs5ce ( any?+ resembl+ inve/igation con/itut$ almo/ an invitation to m5 to des]t4 ,x did n occur to ! *>itable public to draw any l9e betwe5 ! wid[ & ! des]t$ wife1 or inde$ to inquire :i* ( ^! two a woman 01 s long z %e 0 a good "m & seem$ wor?y4 ,no wond] t ! pione]+ social ag5cies1 busy =g+ tools out ( ! v ore1 took a rigid /& on su* a "q ( social policy z ?is4 ,al?\gh _! det]r5ts fail$ to eradicate ! evil ( des]tion or inde$ to t\* its s\rces1 !re is little d\bt t !y did less5 its volume by creat+ a :olesome respect = ! p[] ( ! law 9 ! m9d ( ! w\ld-be des]t] & by fo/]+ 9 8 wife a disposition to /& up = h] rights4 ,! m l5i5t & m con/ructive policies n[ 9 =ce h be5 made possible 9 "p by ^! *anges ( attitude4 ,! v fact t ! collusive des]tion1 once fairly common1 is n[ seldom met )1 illu/rates ! salut>y effects ( ! e>li] me?ods ( treatm5t4 ,b ! fact rema9s t no m>k$ *ange has be5 se5 9 ! des]tion rate1 t successive des]tions h n be5 prev5t$ 9 individual cases4 ,h>dly any /ati/ical figure 9 ! "w ( family social ag5cies %[s s little fluctuation f ye> to ye> & betwe5 diff]5t cities1 z ! p]c5tage ( des]t$ families4 ,x g5]ally =ms f t5 to fifte5 p] c5t ( ! "w ( any su* society4 ,gradually1 !re=e1 ! repressive features ( ! e>li] treatm5t h be5 ab&on$1 & !re has come ab\t a realization ( ! complexity ( causes t br+ ab\t family breakd[ns4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! relation ( sex maladju/m5ts to failure 9 m>riage h receiv$ ! s]i\s att5tion ( ! social work]4 ,on ! "q ( c\rt int]v5tion !re has be5 almo/ a "r-ab\t face2 ! be/ social practition]s n[ say1 unhesitat+ly & unequivocally1 t !y take cases into c\rt only z a matt] ( la/ resort1 aft] case "w me?ods h be5 tri$ & h fail$4 ,9 no o!r case :]e c\rt action is und]tak5 by "o individual aga9/ ano!r does ! relation betwe5 !m rema9 un*ang$4 ,"o c\ld n conceive ( a bus9ess p>tn]%ip fail+ to be annull$ by "o p>tn] :o br\ght suit aga9/ ano!r2 yet we expect ! m>riage relation to survive ?is4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 su* is its vitality t x (t5 does4 ,b _m times ! result ( c\rt action is only to dead5 once & = all ! t9y sp>k f :i* m>ital happ9ess might h be5 rek9dl$4 ,z long z x survives1 bo? man & wife feel 9 _! inmo/ he>ts t1 no matt] :at 8 (f5se1 to take him to c\rt is treason aga9/ ! intangible bonds t /ill hold betwe5 !m4 ,no matt] h[ f> ap>t !y h drift$1 or h[ un=givable has be5 ! des]t]'s (f5se1 some?+ irrevocable does happ5 to ! fabric ( m>riage1 a few poor %r$s ( :i* may /ill exi/ betwe5 ! two1 :5 8 wife appe>s 9 a c\rt ( law to make compla9t aga9/ him4 ,x is an in/9ctive realization t %e is ab&on+ hope :i* und]lies _m a woman's reluctance to take a /& aga9/ h] husb&4 ,_m social work]s 7includ+ "s probation (fic]s & c\rt work]s7 n[ feel t su* a /& %\ld be urg$ only 9 ! full conviction t ! protection ( ! woman & *ildr5 dem&s x1 & t !re is no?+ else to be done4 ,?is mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be int]pret$ z a criticism ( ! laws conc]n+ des]tion or ( ! c\rts :i* adm9i/] !m4 ,if !y 7 n !re 9 ! backgr\nd1 ready to be tak5 advantage ( :5 all else fails1 ! social work]'s h&s w\ld be ti$1 & ! possibility ( a ri* & flexible treatm5t ( des]tion problems w\ld be lo/ to h]4 ,x is precisely because !y _h no su* rec\rse t ! case work]s ( an e>li] day _h to adopt a policy :i* n[ seems rigid4 ,x is because !y 7 in/rum5tal 9 secur+ bett] laws & specializ$ c\rts t ! latt] day social work] c pu% =w>d h] own te*nique ( deal+ ) homes t are dis9tegrat+4 ,ano!r great *ange 9 emphasis has be5 ^u ! "q ( int]view+ ! man1 & ( be+ sure t 8 side1 or :at he ?9ks is 8 side1 has be5 ?or\ghly und]/ood4 ,social work]s are "u conviction ( s9 9 ! matt] ( deal+ too exclusively ) ! woman ( ! family2 9 des]tion cases x is m ?an desirable1 x is vitally necess>y to h deal+s ) ! man4 ,_m social work]s feel t1 at all ev5ts ) a fir/ des]tion1 !y w\ld r take ! risk ( hav+ ! man vani% a second "t aft] hav+ be5 f\nd1 ?an h him arre/$ be=e an attempt to talk ! matt] out ) him4 ,m /r+5t measures1 !y believe1 c be resort$ to lat]--b ! man mu/ fir/ be conv9c$ t he w be li/5$ to pati5tly & ) ! int5t to deal fairly4 ,! case work] kn[s t ! p[] ( ! human m9d to rationalize anti-social conduct is inf9ite2 & t1 besides ! few ju/ifiable des]t]s1 !re are _m :o h succe$$ 9 conv9c+ !mselves t _! action is w>rantable4 ,a des]t] :o c\ld allege no?+ else aga9/ 8 wife1 av]r$ t he _h plac$ "u ! b$ two mat*es1 cross$1 & a week lat] f\nd !m 9 ! same position1 prov+ 8 cont5tion t %e 0 slov5ly & did n keep ! rooms clean4 ,! man :o1 aid$ by a sore consci5ce1 has work$ himself into su* a /ate ( m9d z ?is mu/ be p]mitt$ to talk himself out be=e he c be made to see ! true /ate ( affairs4 ,9 ! m9ds ( bo? man & woman !re is likely to be f\nd a sup]/ructure ( suspicion1 jeal\sy1 mis9t]pretation & di/ru/1 built ^u ! basic fact ( _! incompatibility1 :i* has to be pull$ d[n be=e ! true causes c be prob$4 ,to arre/ a man 9 ?is /ate ( m9d is 9 8 eyes simply to take sides aga9/ him4 ,ev5tually he may h to be arre/$1 b1 9 ! case work]'s exp]i5ce1 ! *ances ( success are t5 to "o if ! man c be induc$ to take "s volunt>y /ep t[>d reconciliation )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! law4 ,9 _m in/ances a real int]view ) ! man1 :ile n exon]at+ him1 w\ld h ?r[n new light on ! woman's /atem5ts4 ,a family social "w society writes3 ,a "y woman ) h] "m & little boy 7 ref]r$ = aid by a m$ical social dep>tm5t because h] husb& _h des]t$ & %e 0 unable to "w4 ,! doctors fe>$ t h] breakd[n w\ld result 9 insanity1 s !y ask$ t h] wi%es be respect$ 9 n see+ ! man's family4 ,%e recov]$1 b x 0 lat] f\nd t h] husb&1 :ile n do+ all t he might = h]1 _h be5 liv+ at home a good deal ( ! "t & did n "k t 8 family 0 9 receipt ( aid4 ,"s ye>s ago a *>ity organization society1 :i* ma9ta9$ a special bureau = treatm5t ( des]tion cases1 0 ask$ by a ,mrs4 ,cl>a ,williams to help h] f9d h] husb&1 ,john1 :o _h left h] "s ye>s previ\sly & 0 liv+ ) ano!r woman1 s t %e might =ce him to contribute to ! support ( h]self & h] two *ildr54 ,mrs4 ,williams 0 a mo!rly appe>+ p]son :o kept a clean1 neat home1 & seem$ to take excell5t c>e ( h] *ildr54 ,%e 0 voluble conc]n+ h] husb&'s misde$s & v bitt] t[>d him1 :i* seem$ only natural4 ,! fact ( ! o!r h\sehold 0 corroborat$ f o!r s\rces1 & ,mr4 ,williams' "w ref]5ces indicat$ t he _h be5 qu>relsome & difficult = 8 employ]s to get along )1 al?\gh a compet5t workman4 ,! problem seem$ to ! des]tion ag5t a p]fectly cle> & uncomplicat$ "o & he proce$$ to h&le x accord+ to ! =mula4 ,"s v clev] detective "w foll[$1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ! man 0 trac$ f "o suburban city to ano!r1 & 8 pres5t place ( employm5t f\nd 9 ! city :]e 8 wife liv$1 al?\gh he liv$ j across ! bord] ( ano!r /ate4 ,! w>rant 0 s]v$ ^u ! man z he /epp$ f ! tra9 on 8 way to "w1 & he appe>$ 9 ! dome/ic relations c\rt4 ,he did n d5y ! des]tion b made "s attempt to br+ c\nt] *>ges aga9/ 8 wife4 ,:5 que/ion$ ab\t 8 pres5t mode ( liv+ he became sil5t & refus$ to te/ify fur!r4 ,he 0 plac$ "u bond1 :i* 0 furni%$ by ! relatives ( ! woman ) :om he 0 liv+1 to pay 8 wife #f4jj a week4 ,no probation 0 ?\ght necess>y & ! case 0 clos$1 bo? ! c\rt & ! *>ity organization society cr$it+ !mselves ) a case successfully h&l$ & t]m9at$4 ,ab\t a ye> lat] ,mrs4 ,williams aga9 appli$1 /at+ t h] husb&'s bond _h laps$1 8 paym5t _h ceas$1 & t %e _h no k ( 8 :]eab\ts4 ,al?\gh h] home & *ildr5 7 /ill immaculate %e fail$ to satisfy ! social work] :o ?is "t visit$ h] home ) ! plausible /ory :i* %e _h told be=e4 ,! *ildr5's heal? 0 n good & !y seem$ unnaturally repress$ & unhappy4 ,ugly reports t ,mrs4 ,williams drank came to ! society4 ,! s*ool tea*] deplor$ ! effect :i* ! morbid nature ( ,mrs4 ,williams 0 hav+ on h] y\nge/ *ild--a daught] j ent]+ adolesc5ce4 ,! son1 a boy a little old]1 0 li/less & unsatisfactory at 8 "w1 & defiant & secretive t[>d any attempt to get to "k him bett]4 ,he sp5t _m nights away f home & 0 evid5tly n on good t]ms ) 8 "m4 ,z soon z ,mrs4 ,williams saw t real in=mation 0 desir$ %e began indulg+ 9 fits ( rage 9 :i* %e display$ su* an exagg]at$ ego z to cause "s d\bts z to h] m5tality4 ,baffl$ at e turn ! case work] decid$ to int]view ! man1 if possible1 to see if ?r\gh him any clue to ! situation might be ga9$4 ,! fir/ /ep 0 to ga9 ! confid5ce ( a =m] fell[-workman & fri5d ( 8 :o n[ ma9ta9$ 8 own small %op4 ,?is 0 done aft] sev]al visits1 ! des]t+ husb& cons5t+ to an ev5+ meet+ 9 8 fri5d's %op4 ,a mo/ illum9at+ int]view foll[$4 ,mr4 ,williams 0 f\nd to be an intellig5t ?\gh melan*oly & self-c5t]$ man4 ,! c\ple _h m>ri$ some:at late 9 life1 x be+ ,mrs4 ,williams' second m>riage4 ,%e _h be5 /rongly influ5c$ by h] "m to m>ry him & _h nev] _h any real affection = him4 ,x became v evid5t f 8 /ory t ! /rongly develop$ egotism ( bo? ! husb& & wife _h made a real m>riage impossible betwe5 !m1 & ! visitor became conv9c$ ( ! g5u95ess ( ,mr4 ,williams' prote/ations t he endur$ ! con/ant abuse & ill-treatm5t ( 8 wife z long z x _h be5 possible to d s4 ,z h] dr9k+ habits took m hold ^u h] & he _h realiz$ t ! break 0 com+ he _h endeavor$ to place ! *ildr5 9 homes1 & _h once _h 8 wife tak5 into c\rt4 ,!re h] plausible /ory & good appe>ance result$ 9 ! case be+ dismiss$ ) a reprim& to ! husb&4 ,he !n left home1 b cont9u$ to s5d h] money at int]vals1 al?\gh z he got old] he 0 able to e>n less at 8 trade4 ,socialism 0 8 religion1 & x 0 8 prea*+ ( ?is doctr9e 9 season & out to 8 fell[ workm5 :i* _h e>n$ him ! ill-w ( 8 employ]s4 ,he def5d$ 8 pres5t mode ( liv+1 vigor\sly putt+ up a /rong argum5t t x 0 a real m>riage1 :]eas ! o!r _h only be5 a %am4 ,he spoke 9 t]ms ( affection ( ! woman :o 0 giv+ him ! only real home he _h ev] kn[n1 & only wi%$ t ! /ate ( public op9ion w\ld p]mit 8 tak+ 8 "y daught] into 8 home4 ,! boy1 he realiz$1 _h gr[n entirely away f him & !y c\ld nev] mean any?+ to ea* o!r4 ,x 0 8 habit to make frequ5t trips back to ! region :]e 8 family liv$ 9 ord] t he might /& on ! corn] & wat* 8 *ildr5 g by4 ,he gave readily mu* in=mation ab\t 8 own & 8 wife's pa/ connections1 includ+ ! addresses ( _m ( h] relatives ^: exi/5ce %e _h d5i$1 & he successfully prov$ t h] claims z to 8 laps$ paym5ts 7 false by produc+ ! entire s]ies ( po/ (fice receipts cov]+ 8 remittances to h] & ext5d+ d[n to ! v week ( ! int]view4#ae ,!re h be5 /rik+ *anges n only 9 ! treatm5t ( ! des]t] b 9 t ( 8 family4 ,writ+ 9 #aiaj1 ,miss ,bre$#af deprecates ! habit ( fo/]+ ! des]t]'s easy-go+ conviction t 8 family w get along someh[ )\t him by giv+ relief4 ,%e approves (f]+ full support 9 an in/itution1 b is reluctant to recomm5d any =m ( aid 9 ! home1 ev5 f relatives4 ,x is bett]1 %e feels1 to give entire support to "s ( ! *ildr5 9 fo/] homes1 leav+ ! "m only ^? %e c c>e =4 ,mu* c be said = ev5 s /r+5t a policy z ?is4 ,an un/able home1 ) a wor?less fa!r an int]mitt5t memb] ( ! h\sehold1 is z bad an environm5t z *ildr5 c h--its v fluctuations mak+ = n]v\s in/ability & a wrong po9t ( view lat] on4 ,!re is a possibility t o!r w\ld-be des]t]s may be det]r$ by tempor>ily break+ up ! home1 & t an occasional abscond+ fa!r may be br\ght back4 ,b ! fact rema9s t social work]s h1 9 practice1 dep>t$ f> f ?is po9t ( view4 ,out ( m ?an tw5ty-five case work]s ( exp]i5ce :o 7 int]view$ or writt5 to 9 prep>ation = ?is book1 only "o believ$ !re _h n be5 a decid$ *ange t[>d a policy ( m lib]al relief4 ,"o di/rict secret>y told ( a woman :o _h m ?an once tak5 back a disreputable husb& :om %e always pr(ess$ to dislike4 ,aid 0 giv5 sp>+ly & int]mitt5tly dur+ 8 abs5ces2 b f9ally ! woman 9 a bur/ ( frankness told ! secret>y t %e _h nev] felt confid5t ! society w\ld /& beh9d h]4 ,ea* "t ! man came back ) money 9 8 h&1 %e *eat$ h]self into believ+ t he meant a new leaf4 ,a budget 0 work$ out ) h]1 & a promise giv5 ( an adequate income z long z %e kept h] husb& away4 ,%e has fai?fully kept h] side ( ! b>ga9 = ov] ?ree ye>s4 ,! ext5sion 9 _m /ates ( /ate aid to mo!rs to cov] des]t$ wives is an indication ( ?is *ang$ view4 ,9 mo/ /ates1 h[ev]1 "s safegu>ds are set up2 ! wife mu/ take out a w>rant1 & a giv5 numb] ( ye>s mu/ elapse dur+ :i* ! man %all n h be5 he>d f1 be=e /ate aid c be grant$ to ! wife4 ,f9ally1 x is m cle>ly recogniz$ ?an =m]ly t ! "t to close ! case is n j aft] ! man's return4 ,a case sup]visor speaks ( ! /rong temptation to close our records z soon z relief becomes unnecess>y4 ,! man's return to ! family is (t5 ! critical po9t at :i* !re is ne$ ( skilful & sympa!tic fri5d%ip4 ,^! cases cry out = cont9u$ treatm5t4 ,we ne$ to ?9k m humanely ab\t all ! unsettl+ elem5ts 9 our urban civilization & to see t all ! nice individual adju/m5ts t z case work]s we c make are made4 ,if ! man's "w gives him no opportunity = self-expression1 :at attempt are we mak+ to give him su* opportunities outside 8 "w1 to connect him ) a trade union1 ) clubs & ) frat]nities8 ,h[ mu* are we ?9k+ ab\t cures = inebriates1 psy*oanalysis1 vocational guidance1 recreation8 ,briefly1 !n1 *anges 9 ! social work]'s attitude t[>d treatm5t h meant less emphasis on punitive & repressive measures1 m consid]ation ( ! man's po9t ( view1 less t5d5cy to press c\rt action1 at lea/ 9 ! beg9n+1 few] commitm5ts ( *ildr51 a m lib]al relief policy 7p>tly z a prev5tive ( =c$ reconciliations71 & la/ly1 long] sup]vision aft] ! man has resum$ support ( 8 family4 ,,footnotes3 #ae ,adapt$ f ! writ]'s article on ,des]tion & ,non-,support 9 ,family ,case ,"w1 ,! ,annals ( ! ,academy ( ,political & ,social ,sci5ce1 ,may1 #aiah1 p4 #ih4 #af ,bre$1 ,m>y3 ,elev5? ,new ,york ,/ate ,conf]5ce1 #aiaj1 p4 #gf4 ,,iv ,,f9d+ ,,! ,,des]t+ ,,husb& ,a few ye>s ago a "y ,jewi% woman report$ to ! ,national ,des]tion ,bureau#ag t h] husb& _h left h] & _! *ildr54 ,! c\ple _h nev] got on well1 & ! man seem$ to h be5 a melan*oly & impractical fell[4 ,! usual me?ods ( ! ,bureau br\ght no results 9 f9d+ ! miss+ husb&4 ,!n ! wife 0 m c>efully que/ion$1 & urg$ to tell all t %e c\ld recall or _h he>d ab\t h] husb&'s e>ly life1 8 ta/es & peculi>ities4 ,among o!r ?+s ! ,bureau le>n$ t ! man's fa!r _h di$ 9 ,am]ica ye>s ago1 hav+ come "h to make a home = ! family left beh9d 9 ,russia4 ,! boy _h gr[n up 9 ignorance ( ! place ( 8 fa!r's dea? & burial1 &1 z ! elde/ son1 he felt x 8 duty to f9d 8 fa!r's grave4 ,fill$ ) ?is idea he came to ,am]ica z soon z he 0 gr[n & l&$ 9 ,new ,york1 b 8 few poor clues avail$ him little aga9/ ! difficulties ( pov]ty & a new & complex environm5t4 ,9 ! end he gave up ! se>*1 m>ri$1 & settl$ d[n on ! ea/ side4 ,aft] ! sudd5 qu>rel :i* l$ to 8 leav+ home1 8 wife ?\ght x possible t 8 old obsession might h reawak5$4 ,! ,bureau1 suppli$ ) ! clues 9 "q1 _h little difficulty 9 discov]+ ! fa!r's burial place 9 ,/4 ,l\is2 & ! cemet]y au?orities promis$ to s5d ^w if ! miss+ husb& %\ld appe>4 ,sure en\gh1 a %ort "t aft]w>d he arriv$1 &1 aft] visit+ ! grave1 return$1 n unwill+ly1 & took up 8 family duties aga9 "u ! sup]vision ( a probation (fic]4 ,! flexibility ( me?od & ! read9ess to see & utilize new res\rces :i* are display$ 9 ! =ego+ acc\nt are great assets to ! "o :o mu/ in/itute se>* = a miss+ husb& & fa!r4 ,! ?+ t sets des]tion cases ap>t 9 a class ( peculi> te*nical difficulty = ! case work] is n simply t ! man is away f 8 family4 ,!re is no man to deal ) 9 a wid['s family1 b wid[s' families pres5t comp>atively simple problems4 ,! des]t]1 ?\gh abs5t1 is /ill n only a pot5tial b also a real factor 9 ! family situation4 ,! plans ( ! family are (t5 made ) "o eye to 8 return2 he is ! unse5 b pla9ly felt ob/acle to mu* t ! social work] wants to accompli%4 ,! *ildr5 look =w>d to 8 reappe>ance ) dread or ) joy 7= _m des]t]s h a way ) !m1 decid$ly1 & are welcome visitors to _! *ildr574 ,9 %ort1 he is usually at ! key po9t 9 ! situation4 ,no plan c safely be made t leaves him out1 b--!re's ! rub6--y _c include him at once = he is n to be rea*$1 c]ta9ly n at ! outset4 ,! discov]y ( ! des]t]'s :]eab\ts is n only ! fir/ b ! mo/ urg5t ( ! problems t confront ! work] :o tries to deal ) a des]t$ family4 ,unless he c be f\nd ! :ole plan re/s ^u %ift+ s&4 ,a prompt & vigor\s ef=t to f9d ! abs5tee is !re=e a fir/ requisite 9 deal+ ) family des]tion4 ,un=tunately1 _m case work]s1 hav+ />t$ bravely & exhau/$ ! fir/ crop ( clues1 become disc\rag$ & fall back on ! supposition t ! man is p]man5tly out ( ! sc5e1 & t x only rema9s to make plans = ! family4 ,numb]less case hi/ories atte/ ! unwisdom ( ?is assumption4 ,x is n mak+ an extreme /atem5t to say t1 z long z ! family rema9s "u active c>e or until ! miss+ man is prov$ to be dead1 ! ef=t to f9d him %\ld n be ab&on$4 ,mr4 ,c>/5s1 9 discuss+ ?is po9t1 says3 ,to c>ry on ?is se>* p]si/5tly is ! great safegu>d4 ,x is r>e :5 9 ! c\rse ( a few mon?s ! true /ate ( affairs w n h be5 reveal$1 ?\gh x may h be5 q hidd5 at ! />t4#ah ,?is is n to say t "t mu/ be sp5t unpr(itably 9 go+ ov] ! same gr\nd1 or t out-(-t[n ag5cies mu/ be badg]$ to re9ve/igate old clues4 ,b ! frame ( m9d t pigeonholes ! :ole matt] z hav+ be5 att5d$ to mu/ be %unn$ by ! social work]1 :o %\ld be always on ! al]t = new clues & prompt to foll[ !m up4 ,an example ( a vigor\s & p]si/5t se>* = a des]t] is tak5 f ! files ( ! ,national ,des]tion ,bureau4#ai ,adolph ,r4 des]t$ 8 wife & _! six little *ildr5 on ,septemb] #a1 #aiab4 ,he 0 trac$ to ,philadelphia1 b _h left !re ! day be=e ! tid+s rea*$ ,new ,york4 ,in=mation 0 obta9$ f fell[-employes :i* l$ to ! belief t he _h gone to ,tampa1 ,florida4 ,inquiry 0 direct$ to ! rabbi 9 t city1 b aga9 ! in=mation 0 di%e>t5+1 s9ce x disclos$ ! fact t once m ,r4 _h left ! day be=e4 ,! rabbi telegraph$ t ! des]t] _h evid5tly gone to ,lakewood1 ,florida1 & t he c\ld be f\nd 9 t place4 ,imm$iately ! ,bureau dispat*$ a telegram to its repres5tative !re1 only to f9d t ,r4 _h m]ely pass$ ?r\gh ,lakewood en r\te to ,b>t[1 ,florida4 ,:5 ! inquiry rea*$ ,b>t[ x 0 le>n$ t ,r4 _h left a few days be=e1 & t he 0 on 8 way to ,memphis1 ,t5nessee4 ,! ,jewi% ,*>ities ( ,memphis made inve/igation at ! cig> factories ( t city1 b report$ t no p]son be>+ ! "n ( ,r4 or resembl+ him _h be5 se5 9 _! city4 ,no fur!r clue to 8 :]eab\ts c\ld be secur$4 ,mon?s lat] ,r4 appli$ to ! ,jewi% ,*>ities ( ,l\isville = transportation to ,new ,york1 mak+ an entirely false /atem5t ab\t 8 family4 ,?is /atem5t 0 telegraph$ to ! ,bureau & no "t 0 lo/ 9 secur+ a w>rant4 ,l\isville 0 notifi$ by wire to arre/1 b aga9 a telegram came3 ,adolph ,r4 left city4 ,le>n$ f ,cig>mak]s' ,union headqu>t]s he w5t to ,c9c9nati4 ,wire ,joe ,rapp1 #acaf ,walnut ,/reet1 ,c9c9nati ,union ,headqu>t]s4 ,man said he 0 go+ to ,c9c9nati or ,indianapolis4 ,man jo9$ union ,ri*mond1 ,va41 ,novemb] #ai1 #aiaa1 & reports to union 9 all cities4 ,! ,des]tion ,bureau imm$iately telegraph$ to ,c9c9nati & ,indianapolis4 ,! ,unit$ ,jewi% ,*>ities ( ,c9c9nati work+ toge!r ) ! labor union lo/ little "t 9 effect+ 8 arre/4 ,_m !ories ab\t family des]tion h suff]$ a *ange 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,"o ( ^! relates to ! collusive des]tion4 ,social work]s 9 tra9+ us$ =m]ly to be taught t ! fir/ place to look = ! des]t] 0 ar\nd ! corn]1 :]e he c\ld slip back into ! h\se & p>take ( *>itable b\nty or1 at ! v lea/1 keep close wat* ( 8 family & return if any s]i\s dang] ?reat5$ !m4 ,al?\gh ! collusive des]tion seems to h be5 a frequ5t happ5+ 9 ! pa/1 !re is almo/ unanim\s te/imony f case work]s at ! pres5t "t t x is n common4 ,i don't come across an in/ance once a ye>1 said "o case work]4 ,ano!r1 aft] se>*+ h] memory1 recall$ :at seem$ to h] "o in/ance ( real collusion4 ,a woman1 pregnant & seem+ to be 9 great de/itution1 appli$ to a family social "w society 9 a small city = help4 ,c>eful se>* did n discov] ! man's :]eab\ts--he seem$ to h disappe>$ )\t leav+ a trace1 & 8 wife pr(ess$ ignorance4 ,"s two weeks aft] ?is ! visitor1 call+ late1 met a man on ! /airs :o prov$ to be ! miss+ husb&4 ,times 7 h>d & he 0 out ( a job1 s he _h tak5 to ! attic ( _! h\se1 & _h kept s /rictly incommunicado t n only ! society b ! neighbors _h be5 deceiv$4 ,out ( tw5ty or m case work]s 9 diff]5t cities ^: exp]i5ce 0 s\ght on ?is po9t1 ne>ly all felt t ! w>n+s aga9/ possible collusion :i* us$ to be giv5 to "y work]s no long] ne$$ to be emphasiz$4 ,te/imony 9 ! o!r direction is1 h[ev]1 advanc$ by ! ,national ,des]tion ,bureau1 :i* f\nd t ab\t #aj p] c5t ( ! applications made 9 #aiaj to ! ,unit$ ,hebrew ,*>ities ( ,new ,york = relief because ( des]tion 7 collusive4 ,x %\ld be said1 h[ev]1 t "o =m ( collusion is common to ! exp]i5ce ( case work]s--t ( ! wife :o kn[s :]e h] husb& is1 or has a v good idea1 b does n want him to return & s keeps h] k to h]self4 ,9 two ( our regul> all[ance families1 writes ! case sup]visor ( a family ag5cy1 we discov]$--"o q incid5tally1 "o aft] ! all[ance _h be5 discont9u$ = o!r reasons--t ! wife _h _h reports reg>d+ ! man :i* we might h foll[$ up _h we kn[n ( !m e>li]4 ,x c\ld h>dly be call$ collusion--x 0 m]e indiff]5ce4 ,a probation (fic] writes3 ,at ! pres5t "t we h "u inve/igation a family :]e ! man has be5 away f home = two ye>s & 8 :]eab\ts dur+ ! la/ ye> h be5 kn[n to 8 wife4 ,he has be5 liv+ 9 a suburb ( ! city & work+ /eadily dur+ t "t4 ,! woman has receiv$ adequate aid f public & private organizations4 ,%e has be5 cont5t to accept t r ?an notify ! au?orities & h h] husb& requir$ to meet ! responsibility4 ,! man on 8 "p 0 aw>e t 8 family 0 be+ support$1 & :ile !re 0 no agreem5t betwe5 ! p>ties reg>d+ x1 nev]!less ! arrangem5t app>5tly met ) mutual approval4 ,to gu>d aga9/ ?is & simil> omissions on ! woman's "p1 m ?an "o ag5cy :i* deals ) family des]tion requires ! des]t$ wife to sign an affidavit t %e has giv5 all ! in=mation %e possesses4 ,al?\gh 9 practice ! possibility ( a collusive des]tion is n ! fir/ & mo/ important ?+ to keep 9 m9d1 x is frequ5t en\gh n to be entirely =gott54 ,& = yet o!r reasons x is well to keep a wat*ful eye ^u ! neighborhood 9 :i* ! family is liv+ = reports ab\t ! man4 ,(t5 obscure impulses seem to br+ him back2 jeal\sy ( ! wife or a desire to %[ himself 9 a _s ( bravado1 or ev5 sometimes a fugitive affection = ! *ildr5 he has ab&on$ may cause him to appe> 9 ! neighborhood4 ,! des]t]1 l ! murd]]1 h>ks back to ! sc5e ( 8 misde$s 0 ! g5]alization ( "o di/rict secret>y4 ,ev5 :5 he does n appe> 9 ! fle% ! des]t] may seek news ( 8 family4 ,"o des]t] 0 f\nd ?r\gh ! ,att5dance ,dep>tm5t ( ! public s*ool sy/em to :i* he wrote aft] a ?ree ye>s' abs5ce ask+ ! address ( "o ( ! *ildr5 ( :om he 0 especially fond4 ,!re is little 9 ! lit]ature ( ! subject cov]+ me?ods ( discov]+ des]t]s1 nor d case work]s g5]ally appe> to h develop$ a special te*nique4 ,! decid$ reaction aga9/ detective me?ods :i* has be5 app>5t 9 ! pr(ession dur+ lat] ye>s may help to expla9 ?is fact4 ,mo/ social work]s feel a subconsci\s s5se ( inju/ice 9 hav+ to d ?is "w at all1 s9ce x is prop]ly a function ( ! police4 ,prosecutors & police (ficials g5]ally take v little int]e/ 9 foll[+ up des]t]s1 & h little idea ( giv+ any treatm5t to ! des]t] :o has be5 f\nd o!r ?an arraignm5t & conviction4 ,x is difficult = ! probation (fic] or ! family case work] to hold up ! ma*9]y ( ! law1 once x has be5 />t$1 & to d ?is long en\gh to f9d out :e!r "s o!r =m ( treatm5t be/ suits ! case4 ,= ^! reasons ! social work] usually pref]s to d or else is =c$ to d ! "w ( ! detective 9 des]tion cases up to ! po9t :]e arre/ is 9 8 judgm5t necess>y4 ,a probation (fic] 9 ,d---- f\nd t he c\ld n "w ?r\gh ! local police 9 se>*+ = a c]ta9 des]t]1 because ! miss+ man's political affiliations made !m fri5dly to him4 ,! probation (fic] knew 9 a g5]al way t ! man 0 likely to be 9 ! city ( ,s---- 9 ! same /ate1 s he secur$ a w>rant & s5t x ) su* slight clues z 7 at h&1 to a probation (fic] ( t city :o 0 successful 9 ! se>*4 ,avoid+ ! usual proc$ure1 ! w>rant 0 s]v$ by ! police 9 ,s----4 ,sev]al in/ances ( ?is k9d h occurr$ lately1 writes ! probation (fic] at ,d----4 ,! necessity ( do+ ! detective's "w raises at once ! "q ( h[ f> ! social work] c af=d to adopt ! detective's me?ods4 ,if re=mation ( ! man is ! end s\ght x w\ld seem an axiom t he mu/ be giv5 f ! fir/ e reason to believe t ! social work] w play fair4 ,we are v c>eful nev] to break a promise we h made to a man1 says an ag5cy :i* deals ) _m des]t]s4 ,! same ag5cy1 z illu/ration ( its own me?ods 9 seek+ des]t+ m51 in/ances ! case ( a man :o 0 be+ %ield$ by 8 si/]1 b 0 discov]$ by an (fic] :o scrap$ acqua9tance ) h] little boy & ask$ innoc5tly1 ,:]e's y\r uncle ,jack n[8 ,9 ano!r case ! (fic] le>n$ ( a man's :]eab\ts ?r\gh 8 relatives by repres5t+ himself z a lawy]'s cl]k call+ ab\t a legacy :i* _h be5 left ! man4 ,9 /ill ano!r case1 report$ by a diff]5t ag5cy1 a man :o _h des]t$ 8 family 0 kn[n to be receiv+ mail ?r\gh ! g5]al deliv]y ( ano!r city4 ,x 0 asc]ta9$ t he 0 writ+ to a woman 9 8 home t[n4 ,a lett] 0 s5t to him 9 c>e ( ,g5]al ,deliv]y ask+ him to meet ! writ] 7:o 0 repres5t$ to be ! "y woman ) :om he 0 correspond+74 ,! wife 0 s5t to t city & %e & ! local probation (fic] met ! man & s]v$ ! w>rant4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 some?+ to be said 9 favor ( ! use ( su* me?ods4 ,! protection ( ! weak & helpless may ju/ify1 9 c]ta9 circum/ances1 any subt]fuge4 ,b ! detective :o arre/s ! crim9al 9 ways l ^! is seek+ 8 puni%m5t & no?+ else4 ,!re is no ?\ght 9 t case ( e/abli%+ p]sonal relations & effect+ ! long1 sl[ process ( re=mation4 ,:5 social work]s use su* me?ods x %\ld be 9 ! full realization t !y are =ego+ any future advantage ( /raight deal+ ) ! man4 ,to capture a man by a trick is to decl>e w> on him2 &1 9 8 m9d1 ! social work] & ! policeman !n /& 9 ! same place1 ,i'd h him !re to meet y1 said a des]t]'s *um to a woman visitor1 if ,i wasn't sure1 9 spite ( y\r /raight talk1 y'd h a bull wait+ beh9d a tree4#bj ,if x is a fir/ des]tion1 or if !re is room = d\bt :e!r an accid5t may h befall5 ! man1 police & hospital records %\ld be look$ up4 ,a woman ) f\r *ildr5 appli$ to a *>ity organization society1 say+ h] husb& _h disappe>$4 ,!re 0 a rumor t someone _h se5 him fall (f ! dock :ile intoxicat$1 b no attempt _h be5 made to confirm ?is & ! family 0 treat$ z a des]t$ family = "s mon?s1 until ! man's body 0 f\nd 9 ! riv] & id5tifi$4 ,if !re h be5 previ\s des]tions1 x is extremely important to secure _! hi/ory4 ,! reasons t mov$ ! man once are likely to d s aga91 & he is apt to return to 8 =m] haunts & be se5 by =m] fri5ds & acqua9tances4 ,! des]t+ man1 unless he elopes ) ano!r woman1 g5]ally goes to "s *eap lodg+ h\se or1 if ( =eign bir?1 he may seek out ! qu>t] :]e ^? ( 8 nationality reside & become a lodg] 9 a family 9 :i* 8 native tongue is spok54 ,h5ce1 a canvass ( ! lodg+ h\ses--arm$ ) a photograph if possible--is a desirable fir/ /ep4 ,all ( ! social work]'s casual acqua9tance ) ! =eign qu>t]s ( 8 city comes into play 9 ! se>*4 ,if ! man is 9 ! city "s l&smann1 "s paesano has se5 him1 & kn[s :]e he is to be f\nd4 ,x may ev5 n>r[ d[n to f9d+ ! p>ticul> h\se on ! p>ticul> /reet :]e ! immigrants f a p>ticul> village 9 ,sicily or ,galicia h _! abode4 ,! pool-rooms & saloons ( ! di/rict c (t5 be made to yield in=mation1 especially if a man visitor c canvass !m4 ,9 deal+ 9 ?is way ) m]e acqua9tances ( ! man1 x is usually n necess>y = ! social work] to tell :o he himself is or to /ate ! purpose ( 8 inquiry4 ,9 talk+ ) relatives or close fri5ds1 h[ev]1 x is (t5 be/ to lay all c>ds on ! table & conv9ce "o's li/5] fir/ ( all t ! man s\ght w h fair treatm5t & a *ance to /ate 8 side ( ! case be=e any proce$+s are begun aga9/ him4 ,ev5 a relative :o has nev] be5 se5 may sometimes be induc$ to act effectively4 ,a man :o des]t$ 8 wife & family 0 report$ to h gone to 8 bro!r 9 ano!r city4 ,no?+ def9ite 0 kn[n ( ! bro!r except t he 0 a telephone l9eman4 ,no address c\ld be secur$ ?r\gh ! company1 b !y agre$ to =w>d a lett] to ?is relative4 ,he nev] answ]$2 %ortly1 h[ev]1 ! des]t] reappe>$1 hav+ be5 p]suad$ to return volunt>ily by ! bro!r to :om ! lett] _h be5 address$4 ,dur+ ! w> local draft bo>ds 7 ( ! greate/ assi/ance 9 f9d+ des]t+ m54 ,election records too h be5 ( real value 9 ! case ( m5 :o 7 vot]s4 ,passports & immigration records may 9 "s in/ances yield in=mation helpful 9 e/abli%+ :]eab\ts4 ,:]e !re is actually a w>rant out = ! man's arre/1 ! active co-op]ation ( ! po/al au?orities c sometimes be secur$ 9 furni%+ return addresses on envelopes deliv]$ to p]sons ) :om ! culprit is kn[n to be 9 correspond5ce4 ,problems ( family des]tion involv+ m5 9 s]vice dur+ ! w> 7 9 ! ma9 h&l$ by ! ,r$ ,cross ,home ,s]vice4 ,be=e ! w>1 private case work+ ag5cies _h le>n$ t ! regul> ,army & ! ,navy (t5 seem$ desirable hav5s to w\ld-be family des]t]s4 ,! difficulties ( f9d+ !m !re 7 great1 ow+ to ! fact t !y (t5 enli/$ z s+le m5 "u an assum$ "n4 ,x has usually be5 possible to ga9 excell5t co-op]ation f ! milit>y au?orities if !re are any clues :atev]4 ,! des]tion bureau ( a family social "w society le>n$ t a des]t+ man _h express$ a desire long be=e he left 8 family to enli/ 9 ! ,army4 ,sev]al lett]s 7 ex*ang$ ) ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 & ! man 0 f9ally f\nd to be ) a company s]v+ 9 ! ,canal ,zone4 ,z he _h made misrepres5tations :5 he enli/$1 ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t 0 will+ to transf] him f ,panama to a camp )9 ! limits ( ! city :]e ! des]tion _h tak5 place & !re dis*>ge him4 ,?is br\ght ! abscond] )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! local c\rts & made x possible to arre/ him z soon z he 0 outside ! b\nds ( ! camp4 ,x w repay ! visitor to make n only a c>eful /udy ( ! des]t+ man's employm5t hi/ory b also to le>n some?+ ab\t ! trade he foll[s4 ,a cloakmak]1 = in/ance1 :o des]ts 9 ,new ,york ,city is likely to be f\nd 9 ,clevel&1 = ^! are ! two c5t]s ( ! cloak bran* ( ! g>m5t trade4 ,c]ta9 seasonal occupations give ! p]iodical des]t] a great opportunity4 ,among ^! are hop pick+1 b]ry pick+1 & lumb]+4 ,! amusem5t p>ks ne> ! l>ge cities also furni% occupation = ! seasonal des]t]4 ,! case work] _c be expect$ to h su* k at 8 f+]-tips1 b he c g to p :o "k ab\t ! fluctuations ( p>ticul> trades--to employ]s1 union (ficials or fell[-workm5 :o may ?r[ light on a des]t]'s movem5ts4 ,! /ory ( ,adolph ,r4#ba is an excell5t illu/ration ( ! help t may be obta9$ f trades unions & f fell[-workm54 ,a family welf>e bureau 9 a we/]n city writes3 ,9 "o in/ance a blacksmi?'s union publi%$ ! picture ( ! des]t+ man 9 its (ficial j\rnal & ask$ t in=mation reg>d+ him be s5t to ! local unit "h4 ,?is prov$ successful4 ,9 ano!r in/ance a union gave u access to its books & help$ u to trace all ! m5 ( a giv5 "n li/$ !re4 ,by ?is means we f\nd ! man we 7 look+ =4 ,"o man1 a vaudeville p]=m]1 we trac$ ?r\gh ! ,bill ,bo>d 7a trade pap]7 by discov]+ ! movem5ts ( ! %[ ) :i* he _h be5 connect$4 ,ano!r society succe$$ 9 gett+ a c]ta9 trade union to po/ a description & photograph ( a miss+ man on its bullet9 bo>ds4 ,?is aid$ 9 f9d+ ! man4 ,frat]nal ord]s may be2 us$ 9 ! same way1 ?\gh = _m reasons !y _c be s helpful z ! trades unions4 ,employm5t ag5cies %\ld n be =gott5 9 seek+ to trace a man ?r\gh 8 indu/rial record4 ,! ext5sion ( ! f$]al employm5t s]vice1 ) free int]-city communication1 %\ld be ( assi/ance 9 gett+ ^u ! track ( des]t]s4 ,! co-op]ation ( newspap]s c be secur$ to good effect 9 trac+ miss+ m54 ,h]b]t ,mc,cann1 :o _h be5 do+ railway con/ruction 9 ,russia1 return$ to ?is c\ntry & disappe>$ :ile en r\te f an ea/]n city to 8 home 9 ,canada4 ,!re 0 reason to ?9k t he might h left ! tra9 9 an intoxicat$ condition at an important junction po9t2 & ! family social ag5cy ( t city 0 ask$ to trace him4 ,no in=mation 0 secur$ f ! police1 lodg+ h\ses1 employm5t ag5cies1 etc41 & f9ally ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t 0 ins]t$ 9 ! local pap]3 ,in=mation ,want$--,anyone kn[+ ! :]eab\ts ( ,h]b]t ,mc,cann1 ,montreal1 :o return$ f ,russia 9 ,june1 w conf] a favor ^u 8 family by notify+ ,social ,s]vice ,build+1 #cd ,gr& ,/reet4 ,six days lat] a reply 0 receiv$ f a man 9 a ne>by t[n1 & ,mc,cann 0 f\nd at "w 9 a factory !re4 ,m ?an ^u any o!r me?od ! ,national ,des]tion ,bureau dep5ds on ! publication ( pictures & %ort newspap] p>agraphs4 ,z ?is ,bureau deals entirely ) ,jewi% des]t]s1 x works *iefly ?r\gh ! ,yiddi% newspap]s4 ,its ,gall]y ( ,miss+ ,husb&s is a regul> weekly feature 9 "s ( ! bett] kn[n ( ^! j\rnals1 & attracts increas+ly wide att5tion4 ,! ,bureau e/imates t #gj p] c5t ( ! des]t]s :i* x f9ds are discov]$ ?r\gh ! publication ( pictures4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ?is ,bureau is deal+ ) a select$ gr\p1 :o "k a great deal ab\t "o ano!r1 live closely toge!r1 foll[ 9 ! ma9 only a few trades1 & read only a limit$ numb] ( =eign-language newspap]s4 ,:e!r any?+ l ! same results c\ld be obta9$ by ! same me?ods appli$ to des]t+ husb&s ( _m diff]5t national & social backgr\nds is op5 to "q4 ,s9ce mo/ des]t]s leave ! city1 if n ! /ate1 ! social work] :o is deal+ ) ! family problem is (t5 n ! same p]son to :om is delegat$ ! task ( f9d+ ! man4 ,?is fact makes necess>y ! mo/ c>eful & sympa!tic co-op]ation betwe5 ! social work]s or ag5cies1 :i* mu/ "w toge!r at long range ^u ! problem4 ,9 ! case ( ,h]b]t ,mc,cann1 j cit$1 n less ?an f\r family social "w societies 7 conc]n$--?ree 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & "o 9 ,canada4 ,?is necessitat$ keep+ 9 ! close/ t\*1 by lett] & telegram1 s t ea* 0 in=m$ ( ! do+s ( ! o!rs4 ,su* a piece ( "w calls = a common body ( exp]i5ce & te*nique among ! work]s conc]n$1 am\nt+ almo/ to an unwritt5 und]/&+ z to h[ ! "w %\ld be done4 ,no?+ makes m fasc9at+ read+ ?an ! record ( a quick1 t\*-&-g inve/igation1 su* z is pres5t$ 9 ! f9d+ ( a des]t] conduct$ by skill$ case work]s :o are accu/om$ to "w toge!r4 ,mu* c1 "u ^! circum/ances1 be tak5 = grant$ or left to ! discretion ( ! work] or ag5cy ^: help is be+ s\ght4 ,!re are in/ances1 h[ev]1 :]e no su* common und]/&+ exi/s1 & :]e ! home-t[n ag5cy has to "w ?r\gh p ) little social tra9+ or ) tra9+ ( a type :i* def9itely unfits !m prop]ly to approa* ! des]t+ man4 ,x is a di/ress+ exp]i5ce to "k t a man has slipp$ ?r\gh "o's f+]s1 be5 fright5$ (f or ali5at$1 by poor "w at ! o!r end4 ,are !re any ways to r$uce ! numb] ( ^! mis*ances8 ,ev5 ) ! close/ co-op]ation among case work]s ( ability 9 diff]5t cities ! results are n always z favorable1 = obvi\s reasons1 z if ! p]son :o kn[s ! family 7 ! "o to f9d & int]view ! man4 ,m & m x is realiz$ t money & "t sp5t 9 go+ to ne>by cities to d "o's own inve/igat+ is well sp5t4 ,!re us$ to be a feel+ on ! "p ( ! k9dr$ society ^: t]ritory 0 ?us invad$ t ?is action argu$ lack ( confid5ce 9 its "w2 b z ! importance ( ! p]sonal contact has be5 m widely recogniz$ ?is feel+ has disappe>$4 ,x may be said t a work] :o goes to a /range city is h&icapp$ by h] lack ( k ( local conditions4 ,?is is ( c\rse true1 & x may easily be a "q ( h[ great an advantage w be ga9$ by ! j\rney4 ,! work] f ! man's home t[n c1 h[ev]1 g f> t[>d ov]com+ ! h&icap ( unfamili>ity ) ! place1 z well z t[>d dispell+ any s5se ( injury 9 ! m9d ( a pr(essional colleague1 by call+ fir/ at ! (fice ( ! local ag5cy & talk+ ! problem ov] ?or\ghly1 consult+ ! map & gett+ :at h9ts ! local ag5cy may be able to furni%4 ,! fir/ "q to ask oneself1 !re=e1 is ,w x n be wor? :ile to g myself8 ,if = geographical or o!r reasons ?is is impracticable1 ! next ?+ t %\ld receive c>eful consid]ation is ! type ( lett] to be writt54 ,if ! situation is v em]g5t 7z 9 ! case ( ,adolph ,r4 cit$ e>li]71 ! reque/ may h to be s5t by telegraph2 b ev5 9 a telegram x is possible to convey "s detail4 ,to try to save money by conf9+ oneself to t5 words is unwise4 ,if "t admits1 a lett] is m desirable1 & ! pr9ciple ( its con/ruction is z simple z ! ,gold5 ,rule--give ! o!r p]son all ! in=mation y w\ld l to h if y 7 receiv+ ! lett]4 ,:]e ! correspond5t is n a tra9$ social work]1 v specific sugge/ions & directions %\ld be giv5 z to h[ y wi% ! man dealt ) if f\nd4 ,!re might also be laid d[n a ,gold5 ,rule = recipi5ts ( reque/s f out-(-t[n t miss+ m5 be trac$4 ,give ! reque/ "r-(-way ov] y\r regul> "w1 & s5d back z prompt & z full a reply z y w\ld wi% y\rself might adequately cov] ! case4 ,a reply :i* conta9s a hi/ory ( actual /eps tak5 z well z results ga9$1 is m satisfactory ?an "o :i* does n4 ,good case work]s believe 9 reciprocity & treat _! neighbor's problem z _! own4 ,we he>d t a man we 7 int]e/$ 9 0 9 ! vic9ity ( a c]ta9 city1 & 9 ! ef=t to trace him wrote to ! *>ity organization society 9 t place1 b )\t success4 ,sev]al mon?s lat] ! *>ity organization society saw an item 9 a newspap] to ! effect t ! man _h be5 int]n$ z an enemy ali51 & notifi$ u4 7,?is %[s no clev]ness on our "p1 b good "w by ! o!r society47 ,,footnotes3 #ag ,! ,national ,des]tion ,bureau1 #cef ,second ,av5ue1 ,new ,york1 acts 9 a legal advisory capacity to ,jewi% organizations 9 matt]s ( dome/ic relations2 x also seeks out ,jewi% family des]t]s1 ) a view to assur+ _! rehabilitation or1 fail+ ?is1 _! puni%m5t4 #ah ,c4,c4 ,c>/5s1 ,proce$+s ( ! ,fif? ,new ,york ,/ate ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,correction1 #aijd1 p4 #aif4 #ai ,see p4 #fe1 footnote4 #bj ,?is p>agraph 0 submitt$ to ! two ag5cies :i* furni%$ ! illu/rations4 ,_! replies are 9 "p z foll[s3 ,ag5cy ,a4--,y\r criticism 444 is purely !oretical & has no basis 9 fact4 ,! des]t] is a kn[+ violator ( ! law1 & :ile he does n welcome x1 he reg>ds 8 arre/ z only a "q ( "t4 ,he is play+ ! game ( 'hide & seek1' & he is apply+ e trick & subt]fuge to avoid detection4 ,he is n di/urb$ if he has be5 caught 9 a police trap4 ,our exp]i5ce has be5 t 9 su* cases :]e he has tri$ to outwit ! police1 & ! police f9ally h 'beat5 him to ! game1' he complim5ts 8 captor4 ,?is is a common *>act]i/ic ( ! crim9al1 a sort ( negative bravado1 ,:5 ! des]t] is arre/$1 all he c hope = & expect is a fair deal4 ,:at are "s concrete sugge/ions1 develop$ f ! exp]i5ce ( case work]s1 z to h[ to proce$ 9 se>*+ = des]t+ m58 ,a full & c>eful talk ) ! wife is ! fir/ requisite1 supplem5t$ by equally ?or\gh int]views ) any ne> relatives :o c be rea*$4 ,! case work] %\ld be famili> ) ! ,que/ionnaire on ! ,des]t$ ,family 9 ,m>y ,e4 ,ri*mond's ,social ,diagnosis4 ,a description & if possible a photograph ( ! man %\ld be procur$4 ,:]e sev]al out-(-t[n clues are to be foll[$1 copies ( ! photograph c be *eaply made1 & at lea/ "o bureau = deal+ ) des]tion cases makes ?is "p ( its r\t9e proc$ure4 ,ag5cy ,b4--,i h se5 v few individuals 9 ! c\rse ( my exp]i5ce :o c\ld n be br\ght to see ! "r viewpo9t if !y 7 intellig5tly approa*$1 ev5 ?\gh ! probation (fic] _h consid]able to d ) _! arre/4 ,x is 9 my op9ion n altoge!r important :at occurs be=e ! man's arre/ b h[ he is treat$ aft] he comes )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! probation (ficials4 #ba ,see p4 #fi4 ,v ,,fur!r ,,items ,,9 ,,! ,,inve/igation ,x is evid5t t ! ne$ ( f9d+ ! man /rongly influ5ces ! c\rse ( ?is type ( inve/igation1 especially 9 ! e>ly /ages4 ,are !re o!r consid]ations1 h[ev]1 t modify ! te*nique ( inquiry into ^! des]tion cases8 ,!re is "o crisis 9 ! lives ( des]t$ families :i* is n duplicat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( any o!r gr\p suff]+ f social disability4 ,?is crisis is ! p]iod ( ! fir/ des]tion4 ,if we c\ld le>n :at prec$$ & :at imm$iately foll[$ ! fir/ des]tion1 we %\ld "k mu* m ?an we d n[ ab\t h[ to deal ) ! problem1 said a case work] :o has /udi$ _m c\rt records4 ,! numb] ( subsequ5t des]tions may be bo? int]e/+ & significant1 b ! circum/ances att5d+ !m are n ne>ly s well wor? /udy z are ^? connect$ ) ! critical fir/ break4 ,we %\ld g back to t spot & probe = causes4 ,! common practice ( record+ c>efully :at l$ up to a *ronic des]t]'s la/ des]tion be=e 8 family appli$1 & ( pass+ ov] 8 e>li] des]tions ) a m]e m5tion ( _! numb] & dates1 puts ! emphasis 9 ! wrong place4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 g fur!r back ?an ! fir/ des]tion = a work+ fund ( k4 ,! importance ( kn[+ :at 7 ! influ5ces surr\nd+ ! man & woman 9 *ildhood & y\? has already be5 dwelt ^u & is s g5]ally conc$$ z to ne$ no elaboration "h4 ,( especial value also is c>eful inquiry into ! p]iod ( c\rt%ip1 ! circum/ances ( ! m>riage1 & ! hi/ory ( ! e>li] m>ri$ life4 ,we %\ld seek to "k :at fir/ drew !m toge!r1 z well z :at =c$ !m ap>t1 said a ?\ghtful di/rict secret>y4 ,! notori\s unhapp9ess ( =c$ m>riages leads case work]s to scrut9ize ! relation betwe5 ! date ( m>riage & ! date ( ! bir? ( ! fir/ *ild4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t n all m>riages :i* are ent]$ into dur+ pregnancy are =c$ m>riages4 ,/udies ( =c$ m>riages1 s-call$1 h n always tak5 ?is fact into consid]ation4 ,! sup]9t5d5t ( a /ate dep>tm5t = aid to wid[s made a /udy ( ! vital /ati/ics ( #ejj families *os5 at r&om4 ,%e /ates t out ( ^! #ejj mo!rs #if1 or #ai4b p] c5t1 _h conceiv$ out ( w$lock--or r be=e w$lock--judg+ by ! date ( m>riage & t ( ! fir/ *ild's bir?4 ,all ^! wom5 7 h>d work+2 sev]al ( good /&+ 9 ! neighborhood & ! mo!rs ( l>ge families ( *ildr54 ,?is gr\p ( homes repres5ts by no means an un/able segm5t ( ! community1 s9ce 9 mo/ in/ances ! c\ples _h liv$ toge!r 9 reasonable h>mony up to ! "t ( ! man's dea?4 ,b d ! #if repres5t =c$ m>riages z ord9>ily ?\ght ( by ! social work]8 ,! /udy j quot$ has no facts be>+ ^u ?is po9t4 ,! likelihood is t a l>ge numb] ( ^! m>riages1 t]m$ =c$1 7 9 reality n br\ght ab\t by outside pressure at all1 b t ! c\ple 7 int5d+ to be m>ri$ at ! "t ! pregnancy occurr$ & t ! circum/ances 7 condon$ by public op9ion 9 ! community :]e ! m>riage took place4 ,! ,*icago ,juv5ile ,protective ,association1 h[ev]1 has made a /udy ( #hi =c$ m>riages :i* 7 br\ght ab\t 9 connection ) ba/>dy proce$+s4 ,9 ?is /udy !re is no attempt to diff]5tiate z to ! am\nt ( unwill+ness t _h _h to be ov]come on ! "p ( ei!r ! man or ! woman4 ,fifty-?ree ( ! wom5 said t ! m>riage _h be5 ent]$ into will+ly on _! "p4 ,sixty ( !m /at$ t !y 7 well treat$ by _! husb&s1 & only five compla9$ ( abuse or unk9dness4 ,out ( ! #hi m>riages br\ght ab\t aft] proce$+s 7 in/itut$ #fi ( ! c\ples 7 /ill liv+ toge!r f "o to two ye>s lat]1 al?\gh #bj1 or ne>ly "o 9 five1 _h sep>at$ be=e ! two-ye> p]iod 0 ov]4#bb ,a "y woman ) f\r small *ildr5 0 giv5 advice by an associat$ *>ities ab\t h] approa*+ conf9em5t1 & no fur!r inquiry 0 made at t "t4 ,%e 0 liv+ ap>t f h] husb&1 :o 0 contribut+ a small am\nt regul>ly4 ,! income 0 inadequate & x 0 decid$ to pu% ! matt] fur!r4 ,ef=ts to v]ify ! m>riage fail$4 ,f9ally1 a tactful work] 0 able to le>n t ! c]emony _h n tak5 place until aft] ! bir? ( ! fir/ ?ree *ildr51 t ! c\ple _h _h sexual relations s9ce ! woman 0 a girl ( fifte51 & t h] relatives _h nev] kn[n ! true /ate ( affairs4 ,! man's "m f9ally int]f]$1 & urg$ h] son n to live ) 8 wife4 ,aft] mu* c>eful "w1 & ) ! assi/ance ( a co-op]at+ prie/1 a plan 0 work$ out :i* br\ght ! c\ple toge!r & induc$ !m to move away f ! region 9 :i* ! man's p>5ts liv$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a probation dep>tm5t tells ( a case :]e1 al?\gh ! man 0 unwill+ to m>ry1 a c\rt m>riage 0 br\ght ab\t2 ! man made 8 paym5ts promptly & obs]v$ ! o!r conditions ( 8 probation fai?fully4 ,! woman1 h[ev]1 0 indiff]5t to any ef=ts to br+ ab\t a reconciliation4 ,x 0 f9ally discov]$ t %e 0 immoral4 ,! case culm9at$ 9 ! secur+ ( a divorce by ! man1 :o 0 grant$ ! cu/ody ( ! *ildr54 ,! same dep>tm5t submits a /ory :]e good results 7 obta9$ 9 subsequ5tly reconcil+1 aft] a des]tion1 a c\ple ^: m>riage _h be5 ( ! =c$ description4 ,! probation dep>tm5t arrang$ = ! c\ple to live ap>t 9 ! e>ly /age ( probation>y treatm5t4 ,a c>eful /udy 0 made ( ea* ( ! individuals1 & 9 _! s9c]e atta*m5t a basis 0 discov]$ = re-e/abli%m5t ( ! home "u ! sup]vision ( ! probation (fic]4 ,five ye>s lat] ! man 0 f\nd to be at "w at ! same position orig9ally obta9$ = him by ! probation (fic]1 8 sal>y _h be5 increas$1 ! family _h gr[n 9 numb] & 7 gett+ on extremely well4 ,al?\gh ! t]m =c$ m>riage has come to h ! mean+ giv5 above1 unions c be really =c$ :]e !re has be5 no sex relation be=e m>riage4 ,9 "o unhappy m>riage :i* came f9ally to a c\rt ( dome/ic relations1 ! wife 0 a weak & timid woman :o m>ri$ h] husb& because ( h] fe> t he w\ld c>ry out 8 ?reat & kill h] & himself if %e refus$ him4 ,ano!r1 an ,italian girl1 0 m>ri$ at f\rte5 by h] p>5ts aga9/ h] incl9ations to a well-to-d man1 mu* old] ?an %e1 :o 0 a lodg] 9 ! family4 ,z %e grew to womanhood _! incompatibility increas$2 f9ally1 aft] f\r *ildr5 _h be5 born1 ! family 0 brok5 up & ! *ildr5 committ$ to in/itutions4 ,!re are compulsions & false motives1 op]at+ to br+ ab\t m>riages1 :i* spr+ f )9 n )\t2 & ! discov]y ( any motive = ! m>riage except mutual incl9ation has significance to ! case work]4 ,light 0 ?r[n on ! tr\bles ( "o "y c\ple :5 ! girl confess$ t %e _h m>ri$ a y\? = :om %e _h no p>ticul> affection1 9 ord] to spite h] relatives & ass]t h] "r to d z %e *ose4 ,& ! un=tunate "y woman :o m>ri$ a /reet evangeli/ 9 a fit ( religi\s en?usiasm1 & because ( 8 promise t !y w\ld travel ab\t ! _w sav+ s\ls toge!r1 _h a m>ri$ life bo? %ort & /ormy4 ,! s-call$ slack] m>riages ( ! few mon?s prec$+ ! fir/ draft 9 #aiag illu/rate ?is po9t4 ,! wreckage ( ^! m>riages is already drift+ 9 increas+ am\nt to ! c\rts ( dome/ic relations4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important items 9 des]tion cases1 & "o f> too (t5 neglect$1 is ! v]ification ( ! m>riage4 ,mu* seem+ indiff]5ce & confusion on ?is po9t is probably caus$ by ! quasi-legality 9 _m /ates ( common law m>riages4 ,! case work] %\ld n =get1 h[ev]1 t a common law union is (t5 only a device on ! "p ( "o or ! o!r ( ! two to avoid prosecution = bigamy4 ,:5 x is e/abli%$ t ! m>riage is a common law union1 a /rong suspicion %\ld be set up 9 ! work]'s m9d t !re may be "s legal b>ri] to a c]emony1 & c>eful inquiry %\ld be direct$ along ?is l9e4 ,n only does ! v]ification ( a m>riage give ! work] a s\nd basis on :i* to proce$ to c\rt action if necess>y1 b ! copy ( ! actual m>riage record1 :]e t c be procur$1 gives mu* valuable in=mation z to dates1 addresses1 & names ( relatives & witnesses4 ,a transcript ( ! record w usually be furni%$ by ! regi/r> ( vital /ati/ics 9 ! city :]e ! m>riage took place 7if 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 = a nom9al fee ( fifty c5ts4 ,x is mu* m difficult to v]ify m>riages :i* took place 9 o!r c\ntries1 & social work]s are (t5 appall$ by ! preval5ce ( ! s-call$ ,am]ican m>riage among immigrant des]t]s1 :o tru/ to our happy-g-lucky me?ods = protection aga9/ a prosecution = bigamy4 ,su* 0 ! case ( ,orfeo ,pelligr9i1 :o came to ?is c\ntry & took a new wife :5 8 *ildr5 9 ,italy 7 ne>ly gr[n4 ,8 ,italian family came to ,am]ica ?r\gh _! own ef=ts a few ye>s lat]1 & ,orfeo f\nd t he _h und]e/imat$ ! "* ( 8 elde/ son1 :o trac$ 8 fa!r1 _h him arre/$ & tak5 to ! city :]e 8 orig9al family 0 liv+4 ,orfeo1 n[ =cibly reunit$ to ! wife ( 8 bosom1 walks s(tly "u ! ?reat ( bigamy proce$+s1 :ile ! ,am]ican wife refuses to take any action on ! gr\nd t he didn't g away f me ( 8 own wi%1 & :y %\ld ,i put him beh9d ! b>s8 99 99 99 99 99 ,( an altoge!r m simple m5tal make-up 0 ! ,slovak labor] :o br\ght 8 pregnant ,am]ican wife & two *ildr5 to ! di/rict (fice ( a *>ity organization society1 say+ t ! relatives 9 ,europe ( ,anna1 8 fir/ wife1 _h s5t ,anna to ?is c\ntry1 & %e 0 on ! po9t ( arriv+4 ,he add$ t1 z manife/ly x 0 n possible to support two families on 8 wages1 he w\ld l to provide = 8 second wife ?r\gh ! ,*>ity4 ,a di/rict secret>y :o has work$ = _m ye>s ) ,italians is au?ority = ! /atem5t t m>riages 9 ,italy are always regi/]$ at ! man's legal resid5ce1 no matt] :]e ! m>riage took place4 ,c>eful ,italian p>5ts1 if !y _c get reliable in=mation 9 o!r ways1 write to ! 'paese' ( a suitor = in=mation 9 reg>d to 8 conjugal condition4 ,a m>riage :i* takes place 9 ,am]ica is cu/om>ily regi/]$ ) ! consul = transmission to ! home t[n 9 ,italy4 ,9 "s c\ntries ( ,lat9 ,am]ica great confusion may be caus$ by ! fact t a m>riage p]=m$ 9 *ur* is n legal 9 ! eyes ( ! /ate unless a second c]emony is gone ?r\gh be=e ! civil au?orities4 ,a ,guatemalan woman1 des]t$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 _h no rec\rse 9 law because %e _h _h only ! *ur* c]emony 9 h] c\ntry4 ,h] claim to ! /atus ( common law wife 0 invalidat$ by ! man's produc+ pro( t he 0 already m>ri$ at ! "t ! religi\s c]emony 0 p]=m$4 ,hav+ e/abli%$ ! fact t a legal m>riage has tak5 place1 ! case work] mu/ keep 9 m9d ! possibility t x may h be5 lat] dissolv$4 ,x is n at all uncommon to f9d t a des]t] :o has gone (f ) ano!r woman has />t$ proce$+s to get a divorce by publication4 ,?is c happ5 :5 ! two h gone to a /ate :]e su* unfair divorce proc$ure is p]mitt$4 ,publication 9 ^! cases takes place 9 local newspap]s :i* !re is little or no *ance ( ! wife see+2 & %e may lat] f9d h]self a divorc$ woman ) no legal claim = support = h]self or *ildr51 & suff]+ "u *>ges ( misconduct )\t hav+ _h a *ance ( be+ he>d4 ,! ,national ,des]tion ,bureau f\nd ?is proce$+ s common an abuse t x e/abli%$ a cle>+ bureau 9 its c5tral (fice1 & its local repres5tatives 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry notify ?is bureau z soon z any action = divorce is />t$ by a man ) a ,jewi% "n aga9/ a wife ^: address is unkn[n4#bc ,:at are "s ( ! o!r po9ts at :i* ! inve/igation ( cases ( des]tion may diff] f ! te*nique g5]ally accept$8 ,! sup]9t5d5t ( a des]tion bureau1 9 answ] to ?is "q1 said t he emphasiz$ neighborhood ref]5ces m ?an 9 ! ord9>y case4 ,social work]s h become v w>y1 ( c\rse1 ( mu* inquiry among pres5t neighbors2 b :]e ! protection ( ! woman or ! *ildr5 is involv$ x is (t5 necess>y to procure ! te/imony ( p :o live ne>by or 9 ! same h\se4 ,a des]t$ family is usually s mu* a c5t] ( neighborhood int]e/ or sympa?y1 or bo?1 t x is easi] ?an 9 "s o!r types ( cases to secure in=mation f neighbors1 tradesm51 & s on1 )\t augm5t+ neighborhood gossip4 ,probably ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! necess>y in=mation to be secur$ 9 des]tion cases is an adequate picture ( ! sex relation%ip betwe5 man & wife4 ,! "p :i* sex plays 9 ! causation ( des]tion has be5 t\*$ ^u 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4#bd ,9 gett+ ! in=mation f ! p conc]n$1 ! case work] ne$s no elaborate equipm5t z a psy*o-analy/2 b %e %\ld "k en\gh ab\t sex psy*ology to recognize a pa?ological problem :5 %e meets x1 & to be able to call on ! psy*o-analy/ or psy*iatri/ = specializ$ s]vice4 ,! secur+ ( an adequate picture ( ! sex life ( ! c\ple may h to be delegat$1 h[ev]1 to "s volunte] ^: own sex1 pr(ession1 or m>ital exp]i5ce makes him or h] a suitable p]son to secure x4 ,! majority ( social case work]s are unm>ri$ wom5 "u =ty1 & 9 ?is p>ticul> respect !y frequ5tly f9d !mselves h&icapp$ by ! natural reluctance ( ! des]t] to discuss 8 conceptions ( ! m>ital relation 9 su* a way z to be enlight5+ to !m1 z well z by ! *ivalr\s attitude :i* ! woman ( ! t5em5ts (t5 adopts t[>d h] unm>ri$ visitor4 ,! decisive /atem5t1 ',y h nev] be5 m>ri$1 s y c't und]/&1' (t5 proves at lea/ a tempor>y b>ri] 9 deal+ ) des]t$ wives1 j z ! simil> /atem5t1 ',y h nev] be5 a "m s y _c "k ! feel+s ( "o1' is us$ to block h] ef=ts 9 ano!r direction4 ,if x is f\nd impossible to c>ry on ! necess>y discussions rationally & )\t too s]i\s emb>rassm5t1 x is (t5 possible to call ^u ! socially-m9d$ physician or cl]gyman = help along ?is l9e4#be ,to sum up1 ! int]views ) ! family & ! supplem5t>y visits & lett]s ( inquiry %\ld furni% ! social work] if possible )3 #a4 ,a cle> picture ( ! home 9 :i* ! two adult memb]s ( ! family grew up1 & ! factors 9 _! e>ly tra9+ :i* contribut$ to _! failure z husb& or wife2 or :i* c be utiliz$ z assets 9 ! future plan4 #b4 ,a hi/ory ( h[ ! c\ple met2 ! ev5ts ( _! c\rt%ip & m>riage1 includ+ sex relations prior to m>riage ) sp\se or o!rs2 also previ\s m>riages4 ,records ( m>riage1 dea? ( previ\s sp\se1 etc41 are v important & %\ld be secur$ if 9 exi/5ce4 #c4 ,a picture ( ! family & its individual memb]s 9 _! o!r social relation%ips--) employ]s1 m$ical ag5cies1 tea*]s1 _! *ur*1 _! fri5ds1 _! relatives4 ,k ( _! habits1 ta/es1 & *>act]i/ics1 ) special att5tion to p]iod ( fir/ des]tion4 ,analysis ( factors lead+ to ! des]tion4 #d4 ,hi/ory ( fir/ reconciliation 7unless ! pres5t is ! fir/ break74 ,hi/ory ( subsequ5t des]tions4 ,c\rt record1 if any4 ,a pr]equisite to "s ( ! above in=mation is an int]view or int]views ) ! man4 ,:]e ?is _c be _h z "p ( ! fir/ inve/igation1 ! inve/igation %\ld leave ! work] 9 possession ( "s good clues1 at lea/1 to ! man's :]eab\ts4 ,,footnotes3 #bb ,b[51 ,l\ise de ,k43 ,a ,/udy ( ,ba/>dy ,cases4 ,juv5ile ,protective ,association ( ,*icago1 #aiad4 #bc ,x is ! policy ( ! ,bureau1 :5 su* a case is discov]$1 to help ! wife get compet5t legal advice 9 ! city :]e action is be+ br\ght1 & ei!r to conte/ ! case or />t a c\nt] suit4 ,:]e necess>y ! woman is s5t on to appe> 9 p]son4 #bd ,see p4 #cg sq4 #be ,j4,c4 ,colcord 9 ,! ,annals ( ! ,am]ican ,academy ( ,political & ,social ,sci5ce1 ,may1 #aiah1 p4 #ig4 ,,vi ,,! ,,details ,,( ,,treatm5t ,z 9 all o!r problems fac$ by ! case work]1 x is impossible to lay d[n g5]al rules = ! treatm5t ( des]tion4 ,!re may be g5]al consid]ations1 h[ev]1 :i* x is well to keep 9 m9d1 "s ( :i* h be5 advanc$ 9 ! la/ *apt]4#bf ,on que/ions ( inve/igation !re is clos] agreem5t among social work]s ?an on que/ions ( treatm5t4 ,p]sonal factors "h play a mu* l>g] "p1 & x may v well be t two case work]s :o diff] 9 p]sonality b are ( equal ability1 w *oose v diff]5t plans ( treatm5t 9 a giv5 case & yet ea* br+ x to a successful issue4 ,x is ) a good deal ( hesitancy1 !re=e1 t a case work] v5tures ^u ! discussion ( any?+ s flexible z treatm5t4 ,9 prep>ation = ?is /udy _m consultations 7 _h ) practis+ social case work]s 9 ! fields ( family "w1 probation1 m$ical-social s]vice1 & *ild welf>e4 ,diff]5ces ( op9ion 7 f\nd & ?is *apt] w attempt to express ! composite op9ion on h[ to treat ! des]t] & 8 family 9 ! diff]5t situations :i* confront !m4 #a4 ,man's ,:]eab\ts ,unkn[n b ,des]tion ( ,rec5t ,date4--,x is bett] 9 ?is case to make no v def9ite plans = ! family4 ,em]g5t plans1 bo? z to relief & m$ical or o!r c>e %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be prompt & adequate4 ,n[ is ! "t1 if x c be done1 to w9 ! confid5ce & co-op]ation ( ! wife4 ,we %\ld1 h[ev]1 make no promises = ! sake ( buy+ co-op]ation1 & give no premature advice ei!r z to prosecution or reconciliation4 ,ev]y?+ possible %\ld be done to /r5g!n su* ties ) *ur*1 relatives1 & fri5ds z may be helpful1 b ! social work] %\ld be sl[ to enc\rage ! family to =m new ties ) o!r social ag5cies at ?is "t4 ,%e %\ld avoid ! possibility ( judg+ ! woman h>%ly 9 a p]iod ( /ress1 b be wat*ful = signs ( det]ioration & res\rceful to combat !m4 ,?is is ! /age1 ( c\rse1 :5 all en]gies %\ld be b5t t[>d f9d+ ! man4 ,9 ?is z 9 ! o!r situations ab\t to be discuss$1 ! "q ( :e!r or n ! home %\ld be brok5 up & ! *ildr5 committ$ %\ld be decid$ on o!r gr\nds ?an on ! des]tion alone4 ,"u _m circum/ances1 x is ! be/ ?+ to d4 ,! woman1 worn out ) anxiety or abuse1 may be unequal to _! physical c>e = ! pres5t2 or !y may be runn+ wild & 9 dang] ( becom+ del9qu5t4 ,! "m may be morally an unfit gu>dian1 & ! des]tion may furni% ! long-s\ght opportunity to int]f]e = ! *ildr5's protection4 ,commitm5t may h to be plann$1 & ! "m's cons5t won1 to save ! *ildr5 f ! return ( a brutal fa!r1 aga9/ :om %e _c protect !m4 ,or %e may desire a tempor>y commitm5t 9 ord] to give h] husb& a sev]e lesson4 ,! ma9 consid]ation1 h[ev]1 ought to be :at is go+1 9 ! long run1 to be be/ = ! *ildr5 conc]n$4 #b4 ,man's ,:]eab\ts ,unkn[n1 ,des]tion ( ,long ,/&+4--,a v diff]5t problem f ! prec$+ may be pres5t$ 9 ! family ( a man :o disappe>$ "s "t ago4 ,:]e ! des]tion is bona fide & has p]si/$ ov] a p]iod ( ye>s1 x is (t5 possible to treat ! family z if ! man 7 dead1 &1 if o!r circum/ances make ?is advisable1 to plan compreh5sively = ! future4 ,!re is always ! *ance1 h[ev]1 t1 until ! man's dea? is e/abli%$1 he may turn up unexpect$ly4 ,if liv+1 he usually manages to he> n[ & aga9 ab\t 8 family & is (t5 able to f9d !m at w4 ,a man :o _h nei!r se5 nor communicat$ ) 8 family dur+ ! t5 ye>s !y _h be5 ma9ta9$ by a private family ag5cy1 nev]!less s5t promptly = 8 wife & elde/ son by a mess5g] :o knew exactly :]e to f9d !m 7al?\gh !y _h mov$ 9 ! int]val sev]al times71 :5 he lay dy+ ( alcoholic excess 9 ! city hospital4 ,! laws ( _m /ates conta9 a provision t ! m>riage ( a p]son :o has completely disappe>$ & n be5 he>d f 9 a p]iod ( ye>s c be set aside by ! prop] au?orities4 ,?is makes legal ! rem>riage ( ! sp\se4 ,9 ne>ly all ( ! /ates divorce c be obta9$ on ! gr\nd ( long cont9u$ des]tion4#bg ,! wisdom ( advis+ su* a divorce1 h[ev]1 %\ld receive c>eful individual consid]ation1 p>ticul>ly 9 relation to ! religi\s fai? ( ! cli5t & ! attitude ( t fai? t[>d divorce4 #c4 ,man's ,:]eab\ts ,kn[n2 ,man ,unwill+ to ,return or ,support4--,_m types ( des]t+ m5 are includ$ "u ?is cat*-all head+--! s-call$ ju/ifiable des]t]2 ! man :o has fl$ to escape 8 cr$itors or is a fugitive f ju/ice2 ! man :o has elect$ to try life ) ano!r mate2 ! w&]+ hobo :o means to come back "s sweet day b n n[2 ! c[>dly pregnancy des]t]2 ! l[-grade irresponsible--a motley crew4 ,!y are gr\p$ toge!r "h = conv5i5ce1 s9ce !y con/itute ^? ) :om co]cive measures h mo/ (t5 to be us$4 ,a good example ( ! ju/ifiable des]t] is f\nd 9 ! /ory ( ,williams4#bh ,?is man1 :5 home conditions became intol]able1 tri$ to secure 8 *ildr5's safety ?r\gh ! c\rts b did n obta9 a he>+4 ,he left home feel+ t he 0 fully ju/ifi$4 ,! lame po9t 9 8 self-def5se 0 8 failure to support 8 *ildr51 & x took a c\rt ord] to rectify ?is 9 "p4 99 99 99 99 99 ,joseph ,mellor is 9 a m logical situation 9 8 refusal to provide = 8 wife1 s9ce he is pay+ ! bo>d ( 8 *ild 9 a good in/itution4 ,he makes no *>ge aga9/ h] "*1 b insi/s t h] qu>relsome & dictatorial disposition makes h] impossible to live )4 ,%e _h hal$ him s _m times into c\rt & lo/ him s _m positions t ,mellor1 :o e>ns a good sal>y1 w deal ) h] only ?r\gh 8 lawy]1 :o keeps 8 cli5t's :]eab\ts secret & w n tru/ ! social work] int]e/$ ev5 to ! ext5t ( arrang+ an int]view4 ,x is g5]ally impossible 9 cases ( su* deep-seat$ antagonism to make any plans look+ t[>d reconciliation4 ,! ju/ifiable des]t] c usually be reason$ )1 & once he und]/&s & admits 8 responsibilities1 c (t5 be made to live up to !m )\t judicial process4 ,a %ip /ew>d des]t$ 8 wife1 :o 0 bo? alcoholic & p>etic1 tak+ ) him 8 only *ild :om he plac$ ) 8 relatives4 ,! woman 0 devot$ to ! boy & brok5 9 _s because %e 0 n all[$ to see him4 ,! /ew>d claim$1 probably correctly1 t he 0 n responsible = ! woman's syphilitic condition4 ,! foll[+ extract f ! record ( ! fir/ int]view ) ! man is quot$ to %[ ! l9es ( argum5t :i* 7 effective ) him3 ,man at ,di/rict ,(fice--,visitor />t$ 9 imm$iately ) ! subject 9 h&1 ?9k+ he 0 ! sort t w\ld respond to absolutely direct deal+4 ,expla9$ to him t we _h be5 giv5 to und]/& 8 wife 0 ill1 n only f alcoholism b also f o!r complications2 t x 0 suspect$ !re might be "s difficulty ) h] blood & t we _h be5 advis$ t h] m5tal condition 0 n n[ z /rong z x _h be5 previ\sly4 ,expla9$ to him t he 0 absolutely responsible = 8 wife1 = h] support1 & = h] c>e & protection1 & t no matt] h[ f> he travel$1 8 responsibility rema9$ ! same2 t he _h assum$ ?is :5 he m>ri$ h]4 ,said t he felt no responsibility = h] :atsoev]1 t he _h done all he ev] w\ld d = h] & int5d$ to devote 8 ef=ts t[>d 8 *ild4 ,visitor expla9$ to him t woman's intemp]ance might p]fectly well be a disease ov] :i* x w\ld be v difficult = h] to h control2 t1 moreov]1 if %e 7 suff]+ also f a blood condition1 ?is %\ld h treatm5t4 ,expla9$ t he w\ld m ne>ly meet 8 responsibilities 7 he to h h] exam9$ & s5d h] :]e %e c\ld procure ! treatm5t requir$1 ev5 if x meant commitm5t to an in/itution4 ,at ?is po9t man seem$ m int]e/$1 p>ticul>ly z visitor told him t ,ar?ur w\ld gr[ up & w\ld want to "k :]e 8 "m 0 & :at _h become ( h]2 & if man _h left h] sick & alone1 at ! m]cy ( /rang]s1 he w\ld n be able to give an adequate acc\nt+ to 8 son4 ,man's reaction 0 n :at visitor _h expect$--he w\ld be glad to put h] away :]e %e c\ld n tr\ble him any m b he did n int5d to exp5d any m money4 ,said he 0 "u too heavy exp5ses ) ,ar?ur4 ,claim$ he 0 mak+ #gj a mon?1 & visitor =c$ him to add t he got 9 addition 8 bo>d & lodg+ on ! %ip1 s t he 0 "u no exp5se except :5 on %ore leave4 ,visitor repeat$ t z a husb& he 0 requir$ to pay = woman's c>e1 t t 0 ! "r ?+ to d2 t "o way he w\ld be a husb& des]t+ 8 wife1 liable to arre/ = non-support & des]tion1 & ! o!r way a husb& ) a sick wife = :om he 0 will+ to provide ! m$ical att5tion & c>e t e sick p]son has a "r to h4 ,he said if x 0 a "q ( a few doll>s a week1 he suppos$ he w\ld be will+ to d x1 & visitor felt he really 0 will+ to d ! "r ?+ if he only c\ld be assur$ t woman w\ld n int]f]e ) ,ar?ur4 ,said he w\ld nev] let woman see ! *ild1 b f9ally admitt$1 if %e 7 n drunk & 0 9 ! hospital & x w\ld d any good1 he suppos$ %e c\ld4 ,) p]si/5t or recalcitrant des]t]s z a gr\p1 c\rt action has v (t5 to be invok$4 ,proc$ure 9 ?is direction diff]s s mu* 9 diff]5t communities t only g5]al obs]vations c be (f]$ "h4 ,if ! man has left 8 home b n ! t[n & is /ill )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! local c\rt1 ! magi/rate w usually issue a summons 7:i* 9 _m cities ! wife is expect$ to s]ve7 call+ on ! man to appe> at c\rt on ! date set = ! he>+4 ,if he fails to appe> a w>rant = 8 arre/ is issu$4 ,if he has left ! city b n ! /ate1 local c\rts may issue w>rants1 :i* c be mail$ to ! city to :i* ! man has gone & s]v$ by ! police !re2 or an (fic] may be s5t f ! home t[n ) a w>rant to arre/ ! man & br+ him back4 ,prior to 8 arraignm5t1 ! be/ c\rt practice calls = an inve/igation by ! probation (fic]1 s t ! judge may h sub/antiat$ facts be=e him :5 ! case comes up4 ,:e!r ?is is done or n "h is ! "t & place = ! social work] :o already kn[s ! family to get 8 k 9 usable fa%ion be=e ! c\rt4 ,h[ be/ to d ?is v>ies greatly 9 diff]5t communities4 ,sometimes ! social work] is p]mitt$ to talk ! matt] ov] ) ! judge p]sonally1 sometimes ) ! probation (fic]1 cl]k or o!r c\rt (ficial4 ,sometimes a writt5 report is requir$1 to be atta*$ to ! probation (fic]'s report4 ,occasionally ! social work] gets no *ance to be he>d unless he is pres5t to te/ify 9 op5 c\rt4 ,9 ! la/ two cont+5cies1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to safegu>d in=mation giv5 9 confid5ce1 ev5 by ! des]t]4 ,lett]s m>k$ confid5tial %\ld n ord9>ily be submitt$ 9 c\rt except by cons5t ( ! writ]1 z "s judges hold t mat]ial s submitt$ becomes a matt] ( public record4 ,! approa* to ! c\rt1 !re=e1 is gov]n$ by local conditions4 ,a v important "p ( co-op]ation 9 any community is to see t ?is *annel is kept free f ob/ruction4 ,9 g5]al1 ! probation (fic] %\ld be ! be/ fri5d ( ! o!r social work]s1 s9ce he kn[s _! language4 ,inde$1 _m social work]s !mselves comb9e ! (fice ( probation (fic] ) _! o!r duties4 ,aft] ! in/itution ( c\rt proce$+s ! outside social work] has usually little *ance to affect ! disposition ( ! case4 ,?is is made by ! judge on ! basis ( ! te/imony he elicits 9 c\rt1 & on t ( any prelim9>y inve/igation he may h caus$ to be made4 ,disposition may be3 #a4 ,9 r>e in/ances1 to dismiss ! compla9t altoge!r4 #b4 ,to rem& = a lat] he>+4 #c4 ,to induce ! woman to drop h] compla9t & give ! man ano!r *ance4#bi #d4 ,to place ! man "u c\rt ord] to /ay away f home & pay 8 wife a /at$ am\nt weekly4 ,cu/om diff]s 9 diff]5t places z to :e!r paym5t %all be direct to ! wife1 ?r\gh ! probation (fic] or cl]k ( c\rt1 or ?r\gh public or private *>ities4 #e4 ,to ord] ! man to return home & contribute a /at$ am\nt4 #f4 ,to place on probation 7toge!r ) ei!r #d or #e74 #g4 ,commitm5t--usually to jail or workh\se1 & = a p]iod ( n ov] six mon?s4 ,may be long] = violation ( probation or = aggravat$ (f5se4 ,:5 ! des]t+ man has gone )\t ! bord]s ( ! /ate1 !re is ! add$ problem ( secur+ 8 extradition1 :i* is (t5 a difficult "o4 ,wife des]tion is 9 mo/ /ates only a misdemeanor 79 ,new ,york x is ev5 less s]i\s & con/itutes 9 ! eye ( ! law only disord]ly conduct74 ,s9ce extradition betwe5 /ates has to be act$ ^u by ! gov]nors ( ! /ates1 x is unusual 7?\gh n impossible#cj7 to secure extradition = a misdemeanor4 ,! reluctance ( ! au?orities is und]/&able1 h[ev]1 :5 x is realiz$ t to extradite = wife des]tion w\ld be to create a prec$5t = extradition = any sort ( misdemeanor4 ,!re is 9 mo/ /ates a law :i* makes ! ab&onm5t ( a m9or *ild or *ildr5 a felony1 puni%able by a long t]m 9 /ate prison1 & x is ?is law :i* is g5]ally invok$ :5 ! man has be5 trac$ to ano!r /ate4 ,compla9t !n has to be made to ! di/rict 7or c\nty7 attorney1 ! matt] tak5 be=e ! gr& jury & an indictm5t secur$ be=e extradition pap]s c be grant$4 ,! man1 if captur$1 mu/ usually be tri$ 9 a high] c\rt ?an ! dome/ic relations c\rt2 if convict$ he is likely to be m sev]ely puni%$4 ,extradition means exp5se to ! /ate2 x is usually difficult1 moreov]1 to get an active int]e/ tak5 9 extradit+ a family des]t] :o1 to ! legal eye1 has committ$ an (f5se nei!r aga9/ ! p]son nor aga9/ prop]ty1 & _c !re=e be a s]i\s (f5d]6 ,if extradition = family des]tion is difficult betwe5 /ates1 ) o!r c\ntries x is impossible1 z no treaties exi/ ev5 ) contigu\s c\ntries l ,canada & ,mexico4#ca ,by special arrangem5t ) ! ,canadian au?orities1 /ates :i* t\* ! ,canadian bord] c sometimes obta9 ! p]son ( a des]t] )\t actual extradition4 ,in=mation is submitt$ to ! police ( ! ,canadian t[n :]e ! man is kn[n to be1 :o !reupon arre/ him z an undesirable citiz5 & arrange = 8 deportation4 ,! neighbor+ /ate is notifi$1 & an (fic] ) a w>rant meets ! ,canadian (fic] & ! prison] at ! b\nd>y1 arre/+ ! latt] z soon z he sets foot across ! /ate l9e4 ,! te/imony ( social work]s is1 9 ! ma91 9 favor ( probation z aga9/ long prison s5t5ce = m5 ( ?is type4 ,we h f\nd a %ort5$ p5it5ti>y s5t5ce1 ) release on probation1 v successful 9 a numb] ( in/ances4 ,sometimes ! probation has be5 m effective by its be+ a sort ( d\ble probation2 t is1 hav+ ! case p5d+ 9 juv5ile c\rt z well z municipal or di/rict c\rt4 ,! fe> ( hav+ 8 *ildr5 p]man5tly tak5 f him if he aga9 fails to support !m has1 9 "o or two in/ances1 _h mu* m effect ) ! des]t] ?an ! ?reat ( a prison s5t5ce4 ,probation works v well & occasionally a prison s5t5ce2 b probation is bett]4 ,^! /atem5ts come f cities :]e probation "w is well organiz$4 ,f ano!r city :]e ! probation (fic]s are notori\sly ov]work$1 comes a pessimi/ic note3 ,! !ory ( probation is f9e1 b ! practice is poor because ! (fic]s h entirely too mu* to d4 ,probation is simply case "w ) ! add$ pun* ( ! law beh9d x2 s t :5 x is at all well done x %\ld h ! m la/+ results4 ,probation (fic]s & o!r social work]s agree1 h[ev]1 t = c]ta9 des]t]s ( ! complac5t type1 an unexpect$ prison s5t5ce is sometimes a v salut>y da% ( cold wat]4 ,aft] hav+ tri$ "o or two %ort abs5ces1 o/5sibly to look = "w & f9d+ t no?+ s]i\s happ5$ to him1 ,&reas ,gorokh(f walk$ out "o day & did n come back = five ye>s4 ,dur+ t "t 8 wife's relatives & ! community's family ag5cy took c>e ( 8 family :ile he l$ ! life ( a c>e-free vagabond4 ,he 0 ready ^u 8 return to settle d[n aga9 = a "t2 b ! family ag5cy & ! probation dep>tm5t ?\ght diff]5tly1 & succe$$ 9 hav+ him s5t to /ate prison = an indet]m9ate s5t5ce ( n m ?an two ye>s4 ,he 0 releas$ on p>ole = good conduct1 return$ home1 w5t to "w1 &1 dur+ ! f\r ye>s :i* h s9ce elaps$1 all has gone well4 ,good results may1 & probably m (t5 d1 foll[ %ort] prison s5t5ces4 ,a man on probation = intemp]ance1 broke x & des]t$4 ,on acc\nt ( ! *ildr5's ke5 feel+ ab\t ! consequ5t disgrace1 ! wife made no move until urg$ !reto by ! social work] int]e/$4 ,h] husb& 0 !n arre/$ 9 a ne>by city & br\ght back1 mu* surpris$ at ! firm /& 8 wife _h tak54 ,he 0 s5t5c$ to f\r mon?s1 s]v$ two1 & 0 releas$ on p>ole4 ,s9ce 8 return he has n be5 dr9k+ & has be5 contribut+ satisfactorily t[>d ! support ( 8 family4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! fir/ /ep tak5 by ,h>vey ,br& :5 releas$ f ! workh\se aft] a %ort prison s5t5ce1 0 to /op 9 at a furniture /ore & ord] a gre5 plu% p>lor suit on ! in/alm5t plan4 ,h>vey _h nev] be5 conspicu\sly int]e/$ 9 8 home be=e1 & ! di/rict secret>y & h] committee 7 agha/ at ?is new evid5ce ( 8 irresponsibility4 ,! gre5 plu% 01 h[ev]1 ! outw>d sign ( an inn] burgeon+1 & x w>m$ ! he>t ( ,mrs4 ,h>vey z no?+ else c\ld h done4 ,f t "t1 ,h>vey1 ) judici\s enc\ragem5t ov] a few h>d spots1 has become a good family man & a regul> provid]4 ,! p>ticul> problem involv$ 9 ! treatm5t ( ! family dur+ ! trial & imprisonm5t ( ! des]t] is t ( enc\rag+ ! woman to /ick to h] guns4 ,if %e )draws h] compla9t or secures 8 release be=e 8 "t is up1 %e n only conv9ces him ( h] lack ( firmness b ! entry 9 ! c\rt record s]i\sly prejudices h] case %\ld %e make compla9t !re aga94 ,unless ! social work] is conv9c$1 !re=e1 t ! s5t5ce has be5 unduly sev]e1 ! wife %\ld be enc\rag$ 9 e way to let h] husb& s]ve out 8 "t4 ,if a policy ( relief has be5 necess>y1 c>e %\ld be tak5 t x be adequate1 s t economic pressure w n induce h] to ask = 8 release4 ,if ! home has be5 brok5 up & ! *ildr5 committ$1 ! "m's lonel9ess & desire to h h] home back is likely to "w 9 ! same way4 ,! hope ( mak+ h] husb& k9d] :5 he returns (t5 leads a woman to ask = 8 release4 ,! pressure ( relatives & fri5ds1 & sometimes ( h] *ur* is likely to be ex]t$ 9 ! same direction & unkn[n to ! social work]4 ,*apla9s ( correctional in/itutions1 int]e/$ entirely 9 ! man & ) no k ( ! family situation1 are also likely to appe> 9 ! case2 & x is well to acqua9t !m1 9 ! beg9n+1 ( our int]e/ & our hope t no /ep w be tak5 )\t a consultation4 ,if x is hop$ or expect$ t ! man w return to 8 home aft] imprisonm5t1 he %\ld be e>ne/ly cultivat$ by ! social work] :ile he is s]v+ 8 "t4 ,visits & lett]s w g f> t[>d break+ d[n 8 res5tm5t at ! "p ! work] is likely to h play$ 9 putt+ him beh9d ! b>s4 ,n[ is an excell5t "t to introduce a man z volunte] visitor to ! prison]1 if he is to be (f probation :5 releas$4 ,if imprisonm5t or3 /ay-away probation does n h ! desir$ effect ( mak+ ! des]t] will+ & anxi\s to return to 8 family & take c>e ( !m1 or if = any reason return is p]man5tly undesirable1 ! advisability ( obta9+ a legal sep>ation#cb %\ld be consid]$ at ?is po9t4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! man ev9ces eag]ness to return home & support 8 family1 he comes automatically 7?\gh belat$ly7 into ! class to be consid]$ 9 ! next *apt]4 ,,footnotes3 #bf ,! ,que/ionnaire on ! ,des]t$ ,family 7see p4 #cie sq4 ( ,ri*mond's ,social ,diagnosis7 has already be5 m5tion$ z sugge/+ l9es ( inve/igation4 ,x w also be f\nd useful at ! /age ( summ+ up k ga9$ & see+ 9 :at direction x po9ts4 #bg ,! /ate ( ,new ,york is an exception1 z x grants only limit$ divorce = des]tion4 #bh ,see p4 #eg4 #bi ,see p4 #acb sq4 conc]n+ c\rt reconciliations4 #cj ,see ,baldw91 ,wm4 ,h43 ,! ,mo/ ,effective ,me?ods ( ,deal+ ) ,cases ( ,des]tion & ,non-support1 ,j\rnal ,am]ican ,in/itute ( ,crim9al ,law & ,crim9ology1 ,novemb]1 #aiag4 #ca ,see p4 #afi sq4 #cb ,see p4 #abg4 ,,vii ,,! ,,details ,,( ,,treatm5t 7,cont9u$7 ,!re rema9s a f\r? classification "u treatm5t1 ( cases :i* dem& ev5 m individualiz$ c>e & !re=e m ext5d$ comm5t ?an ^? j consid]$4 #d4 ,man's ,:]eab\ts ,kn[n2 ,man ,will+ to ,return4--,"h ! "q to det]m9e is :e!r x is go+ to be a desirable ?+ = ! man to re-ent] ! home &1 if s1 :54 ,?is does n always lie )9 ! p[] ( ! case work] to decide2 ! c\ple may & (t5 d resolve _! diff]5ces = ! "t be+ )\t ref]5ce to h] op9ion4 ,b %e c (t5 ha/51 def]1 or ev5 prev5t ! reconciliation4 ,c>eful consid]ation mu/ be giv5 ! elem5ts involv$3 ,:at causes probably op]at$ to br+ ab\t ! rupture 9 family relations8 ,if !re h be5 o!r des]tions :at does _! hi/ory %[8 ,is ! man's will+ness to return a sign ( real *ange ( he>t & purpose1 or is he m]ely afraid ( puni%m5t8 ,are 8 habits su* z to make him a fit inmate ( ! home8 ,is he capable ( support+ ! family8 ,c any adju/m5t ( temp]am5ts be made :i* w less5 incompatibility8 ,is ! wife will+ to h him return8 ,:at are h] motives8 ,has %e en\gh firmness ( "* to c>ry out a plan to :i* %e has agre$8 ,^! are only a few ( ! que/ions to :i* ! social work] ne$s to "k ! answ]1 if ! decision is to be a wise "o4 ,if none ( ! elem5ts is pres5t 9 ! home out ( :i* family life c be recon/ruct$1 if ! man's self-indulg5ce & cruelty h be5 prov$ beyond any d\bt1 or if affection is dead or nev] exi/$1 !n ! decision may h to be t no reconciliation be attempt$4 ,9 _m cases ! "q !n is h[ be/ to protect ! woman & *ildr5 aga9/ ! man's =c+ 8 way ^u !m4 ,c\rt int]v5tion is usually necess>y "h1 if x has n already tak5 place2 & a fir/ /ep is to h ! husb& plac$ "u a c\rt ord] to give sep>ate support & to /ay away f 8 home4#cc ,! wife %\ld be arm$ ) a w>rant = 8 arre/1 :i* c be s]v$ by ! policeman on ! beat if ! man appe>s4 ,su* a man usually consid]s t 8 proprietor%ip ( ! home & ! family is n affect$ by 8 abs5ce or ev5 by c\rt ord]s1 & :5 =tifi$ by liquor he is likely to =ce 8 entrance into ! home & p]haps d h>m4 ,! protection ( ! w>rant is n absolute2 9 su* cases z ?is x ought lat] to be re9=c$ by a legal sep>ation4 ,social work]s avail !mselves ( ?is res\rce f> less ?an !y %\ld4 ,x controv]ts ! pr9ciples ( no religi\s sect & gives all ! protection ( absolute divorce 7includ+ ! paym5t ( alimony7 to ! woman & *ildr54 ,to ! *ildr5 x is likely to give m protection ?an divorce2 = 9 ! ev5t ( ! divorc$ husb&'s rem>riage ! *ildr5 ( ! second wife h prior rights ov] ^? ( ! fir/1 & legal sep>ation makes ?is impossible by prev5t+ ! rem>riage ( ei!r p>ty4 ,proce$+s = a legal sep>ation _c usually be />t$ if a man is on probation1 b may be :ile he is und]go+ imprisonm5t4 ,x %\ld be said t1 aft] a sep>ation1 claims = non-paym5t ( alimony _c1 9 _m /ates1 be press$ 9 a c\rt ( dome/ic relations b mu/ g to a civil c\rt4 ,?is is usually m exp5sive & less satisfactory4#cd ,"s social work]s ev5 advance ! h]etical doctr9e t support secur$ ?r\gh ! c\rt f a cruel & dang]\s husb& does n make up = ! h>m he may d & ! anxiety he causes4 ,if to =ce him into p]iodical paym5ts means t he w be cont9ually excit$ into seek+ out & beat+ up 8 (f5d+ wife1 ! support %e is able to extort f him comes high4 ,x is sometimes necess>y to move a family to new qu>t]s & actually help !m to hide f ! pursuit ( "o ( ^! insi/5t g5try4 ,ev5 if we h "s d\bt t ! wife's prote/ations ( fe> or av]sion are g5u9e1 we %\ld h>dly take ! risk ( reveal+ h] address if %e wi%es x kept secret4 ,?is precaution applies n only to ! man b to anyone :om we suspect ( be+ int]e/$ on 8 behalf4 ,a di/rict secret>y cont9u$ to refuse ! address ( 8 family to a dang]\s epileptic des]t] :o ?reat5$ ! secret>y's life &1 9 ! op9ion ( physicians :o exam9$ him1 0 likely to c>ry out 8 ?reat4 ,! committee on difficult cases 9 a family social ag5cy vot$ to refuse to accept volunt>y paym5ts f a ?or\ghly wor?less des]t] & transmit !m to 8 wife ^: address he 0 seek+ to le>n1 on ! !ory t x 0 bett] = h] & h] *ildr5 to be entirely quit ( him1 & t no?+ w\ld make him realize ! f9ality ( ! decision m ?an to refuse 8 money4 ,! ag5cy1 x 0 felt1 w\ld be 9 bett] position to protect ! wife & *ildr5 if x refus$ to act z po/ (fice = ! man4 ,! same consid]ation might apply 9 que/ions ( extradition4 ,:5 ! :]eab\ts ( a des]t] ( ?is type has be5 discov]$ 9 ano!r city a safe di/ance away1 x may be wis] to sacrifice ! money he might be =c$ to contribute ?an to h him br\ght )9 arm's l5g? ( 8 wife & family4 ,a prime difficulty 9 deal+ ) ! undesirable husb& :o is will+ to come home is (t5 ! attitude ( ! wife4 ,"s ( ! causes at "w :5 a woman takes h] husb& back h be5 discuss$ e>li]4#ce ,un=tunately1 hopelessly bad husb&s pr(it by !m z well z hopeful ones4 ,! policy ( nigg>dly relief to a des]t$ wife has und\bt$ly be5 responsible = _m ( ^! un=tunate attempts to pat* up a life toge!r4 ,%e 0 worn d[n by h] ef=ts to keep ! h\sehold go+1 &1 :5 ! fa9t *ance ( h] husb&'s support+ h] appe>$1 %e took x is ! explanation giv5 by a case work] ( "o unpromis+ reconciliation1 & %e goes on to say ( ?is & ano!r simil> /ory3 ,) bo? ( ^! x seems t en\gh money put into ! h\sehold to enable ^! mo!rs to be ) _! *ildr5 m & to keep up a reasonable /&>d ( heal? = !mselves might h result$ 9 _! refus+ to take back _! husb&s4444 ,our records seem to %[ t inadequate relief1 mak+ life fairly h>d = ! des]t$ "m1 does n t5d to keep ! man f return+ or o!rs f des]t+4 ,! /ory ( ,mrs4 ,francis %[s ! effect ( adequate relief 9 /r5g!n+ h] decision n to take h] husb& back4 ,he _h be5 a *ronic des]t] = ye>s1 _h drank heavily1 be5 f\l-m\!d & abusive1 :ile fail+ to support ! family :5 at home1 s t ,mrs4 ,francis _h only a little h>d] "t :5 he 0 away4 ,8 la/ des]tion took place :5 %e 0 ne> conf9em5t4 ,ow+ to h] condition1 ! *ur* & a family ag5cy co-op]at$ 9 an unusually g5]\s relief policy4 ,?is 0 9 a /ate :i* gave "m's aid to des]t$ wives4 ,aft] ab\t a ye> ?is 0 secur$ = h]1 & ! heal? ( woman & *ildr5 0 built up & ! home improv$4 ,!n ,mr4 ,francis s5t ambassadors 9 ! =m ( relatives1 ) :om ,mrs4 ,francis refus$ to treat4 ,he lat] appe>$ himself1 b %e w\ld n consid] tak+ him back4 ,he escap$ be=e he c\ld be br\ght into c\rt4 ,z he has n[ be5 gone ov] two ye>s1 x seems t h] /& is a g5u9e "o4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! man has be5 f\nd & int]view$1 he may %[ signs ( rep5tance1 & ! e>li] hi/ory1 toge!r ) ! op9ion :i* ! social work] has be5 able to =m ab\t ! "* ( man & woman may make x seem t a reconciliation %\ld be enc\rag$4 ,a fur!r "q !n arises3 ,%all ! man return to 8 home at once or fir/ und]go a probation>y p]iod8 ,! quick reconciliation has be5 a feature ( ! "w 9 dome/ic relations c\rts f ! beg9n+ ( ! movem5t4 ,9 connection ) "s c\rts !re are special (fic]s ^: duty x is to prevail ^u c\ples :o come to ! c\rt to pat* up _! diff]5ces & give ea* o!r ano!r trial4 ,?is w\ld be an admirable proc$ure if ! c\ples to receive su* treatm5t 7 select$ by a process ( c>eful inve/igation1 & if probation>y sup]vision 7 cont9u$ long en\gh to asc]ta9 :e!r p]man5t results c\ld be secur$4 ,z x actually works out x is a little l expect+ a w\nd to heal by fir/ int5tion :5 x has n be5 clean$ out ?or\ghly1 & :5 no att5tion is be+ paid to subsequ5t dress+s4 ,! :olesale attempt to pat* ! tatt]$ fabric ( family life 9 a s]ies ( hurri$ int]views held 9 ! c\rt room1 & )\t any in=mation ab\t ! problem except :at c be ga9$ f ! two p conc]n$1 c h>dly be ( p]man5t value 9 mo/ cases4 ,x is natural t case work]s1 ke5ly aw>e z !y are ( ! sl[ & difficult processes involv$ 9 "*-rebuild+1 look askance at ! c\rt-made reconciliations4 ,) ! be/ w 9 ! _w1 ! p :o attempt ?is delicate s]vice v (t5 h nei!r ! "t nor ! facts ab\t ! p>ticul> case 9 "q to give ! skilful & devot$ p]sonal s]vice necess>y to recon/ruction4 ,z a result _m weak-will$ wrong-do]s are enc\rag$ to take a pl$ge ( good conduct :i* !y w n1 or _c1 keep2 & o!r individuals :o feel !mselves deeply wrong$ g away ) an additional s5se ( ^? wrongs hav+ be5 und]e/imat$ & ( hav+ receiv$ no r$ress4 ,! results are writt5 9 disc\ragem5t & 9 repeat$ failures to live 9 h>mony1 ea* ( :i* makes a p]man5t solution m & m difficult4 ,! case work] to :om ! results ( ! ext]nally impos$ reconciliation come back aga9 & aga9 has reason to be confirm$ 9 a di/ru/ ( %ort-cut me?ods4#cf 99 99 99 99 99 ,a probation (fic] writes3 ,sup]ficial reconciliations inv>iably result unsatisfactorily4 ,9 "o case a reconciliation 0 effect$ be=e ! husb& 0 releas$ on probation4 ,?is 0 done app>5tly 9 ! hope t x w\ld influ5ce ! c\rt 9 ! disposition ( ! case4 ,aft] a /udy ( ! situation _h be5 made by ! probation (fic]1 x 0 f\nd t ! wife 0 totally incompet5t z a h\sekeep]1 t %e possess$ an antagoni/ic disposition1 _h a viol5t temp]1 & t no s9c]e atta*m5t = ea* o!r exi/$ betwe5 ! c\ple4 ,be=e any con/ructive measures c\ld be c>ri$ out by ! probation (fic] to rem$y ?is situation !y sep>at$1 & x 0 n possible !reaft] to adju/ ! diff]5ces ) any degree ( satisfaction4 ,on ano!r occasion a man :o _h a previ\s prison record & _h display$ crim9al t5d5cies 0 arre/$ = des]tion4 ,8 wife1 a feeble-m9d$ woman ) "o *ild1 0 be+ ma9ta9$ at a private in/itution at c\nty exp5se4 ,?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ! di/rict attorney a reconciliation 0 effect$ be=e ! case 0 dispos$ ( 9 c\rt1 & ! man 0 plac$ on probation ^u ! recomm5dation ( ! prosecutor )\t ! usual prelim9>y inve/igation by ! probation dep>tm5t4 ,! c\ple began to live toge!r contr>y to ! advice ( ! probation (fic]4 ,ab\t two mon?s lat] ! man 0 arre/$ = committ+ a s]ies ( burgl>ies & ! woman 0 f\nd to be pregnant4 ,ef=ts :i* _h be5 made by ! probation dep>tm5t to det]m9e h] m5tality disclos$ h] to be feeble-m9d$2 lat] %e 0 committ$ to a cu/odial in/itution = feeble-m9d$ wom5 ( *ild-be>+ age4 ,! man 0 committ$ to a /ate prison4 ,h[ev]1 :5 y\? & high temp] seem to h caus$ ! tr\ble & !re is real affection to build ^u1 a spe$y resumption ( life toge!r is usually ! be/ ?+4 ,a "y woman ) "o baby said t h] husb& _h got drunk & ?reat5$ h] ) a knife4 ,!y qu>rel$ & he w5t to relatives 9 ano!r city4 ,neighbors te/ifi$ h[ devot$ ! c\ple _h be5 to ea* o!r1 describ+ ! "y man z h&y ab\t ! h\se ?\gh lazy ab\t f9d+ "w4 ,he 0 visit$ by ! family social ag5cy 9 ! city to :i* he _h gone1 & wrote a p5it5t lett] ask+ to come home4 ,! wife agre$2 ! man imm$iately return$1 got "w1 & succe$$ 9 ov]com+ 8 incipi5t bad habits4 ,! dea? ( ! baby soon aft] 8 return seem$ only to draw ! c\ple m closely toge!r4 ,! case 0 soon aft] clos$2 no?+ has be5 he>d 9 ! ?ree ye>s s9ce to indicate t any fur!r tr\ble has develop$4 ,a /udy rec5tly made "u ! auspices ( ! ,philadelphia ,c\rt ( ,dome/ic ,relations seems to %[ some:at bett] results f c\rt reconciliations ?an might h be5 expect$4 ,"o ?\s& & two c\ples :o 7 reconcil$ 9 c\rt dur+ ! ye> #aiaf 7 visit$ f six to eighte5 mon?s lat]4 ,?ree hundr$ & t5 _h sep>at$ or _h _h fur!r diff]5ces :i* br\ght !m to c\rt2 #hg c\ld n be f\nd1 & #fje1 or ab\t #fj p] c5t1 7 f\nd to be /ill liv+ toge!r1 ?\gh ) a v>y+ degree ( m>ital happ9ess1 z ! report some:at drily /ates4#cg ,x %\ld be said t _m ( ^! families 7 probably "u ! sup]vision ( a probation (fic] = a long] or %ort] p]iod aft] ! reconciliation took place4 ,!re is no /atem5t z to ! numb] ( repeat$ des]t]s among ! m51 & we _c e/imate h[ _m ( ! #fje fell )9 ! gr\p :i* might *ance to h ! prop] basis = reconciliation4 ,! practice ( ! ,des]tion ,bureau ma9ta9$ by ! ,new ,york ,association = ,improv+ ! ,condition ( ! ,poor is z a rule n to advise reconciliations )\t a def9ite prelim9>y p]iod dur+ :i* ! man %all contribute regul>ly & %[ t he means bus9ess4 ,! k9d ( reconciliation t la/s is ! "o t is effect$ ) "s difficulty to ! man1 its secret>y rem>k$4 ,! same probation dep>tm5t :i* furni%$ ! /ories ( ha/y & unsuccessful reconciliations1#ch contributes ?is rem>kable acc\nt ( ! re/oration ( a family ?r\gh sl[ & c>eful "* rebuild+3 ,george ,la?am _h %amefully neglect$ 8 wife & *ildr5 = sev]al ye>s4 ,he drank to excess1 gambl$ consid]ably1 & associat$ ) wom5 ( loose "*4 ,he came f good /ock1 h[ev]1 & 8 e>ly tra9+ _h be5 excell5t4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 man & wife seem$ impossible to adju/4 ,aft] ! man's release on probation1 ! co-op]ation ( relatives 0 secur$ & ?r\gh ! aid ( 8 new f\nd employ] ef=ts 7 made t[>d a reconciliation4 ,! man 0 gradually l$ away f 8 old h>mful pursuits & t5d5cies1 ^! be+ replac$ by :olesome activities4 ,he 0 induc$ to jo9 a frat]nal organization1 to take out insurance = 8 wife & *ild1 0 enc\rag$ to att5d *ur* regul>ly1 & to op5 a bank acc\nt4 ,:5 8 s9c]ity 0 appreciat$ by ! wife1 %e agre$ to resume h\sekeep+4 ,"u ! direction ( ! probation (fic]1 new furniture 0 pur*as$ & ! home re-e/abli%$4 ,?is man today holds a responsible position "u ! employ] :o aid$ 9 8 rehabilitation1 & occupies a respect$ place 9 ! community4 ,v _m processes are indicat$ 9 su* a /ory4 ,to br+ ab\t ! conviction ( wrong-do+1 to awak5 desire & supply an inc5tive1 to keep ! hope ( atta9m5t alive1 to enc\rage weak5$ n]ves 9 a new & p]si/5t ef=t1 & all ! :ile to build & /r5g!n & develop faculties & p[]s t _h be5 dormant & well-nigh de/roy$1 is a task t dem&s a high ord] ( skill & res\rcefulness4 ,! /ory j told emphasizes ! "w :i* 0 done ) ! husb&4 ,equally c>eful "w _h und\bt$ly to be done ) ! wife to c>ry h] along ) ! plan4 ,! p]iod ( /ay-away probation = ! man is a difficult "t = ! woman4 ,neighbors & fri5ds "k t he is tak+ /eps 9 ! direction ( re=mation1 & (t5 hold ! attitude t x is h] duty to let bygones be bygones & receive him aga94 ,! prompt+s ( h] own he>t are (t5 9 ! same direction2 & affection n outliv$ comb9es ) cu/om1 religi\s precept1 & economic pressure to make x almo/ impossible to hold to h] decision4 ,! social work] c sometimes slip "s ( ! burd5 ( ! decision (f ! woman's %\ld]s to h] own by exact+ a promise f ! two t !y w n try liv+ toge!r until ! man has %[n :at he c d = a c]ta9 def9ite "t4 ,! economic pressure c be eas$ by a wise policy ( relief2 b mo/ ( all su* a woman ne$s cont9u$ enc\ragem5t f a p]son ^: judgm5t & k9dl9ess %e has le>n$ to tru/4 ,?is is ano!r good po9t at :i* to introduce ! "r k9d ( volunte] visitor1 "o :o w already h e/abli%$ fri5dly relations ) bo? :5 ! "t ( readju/m5t comes1 & :o c help bridge ov] t difficult p]iod4 ,9 "s cases x might be possible & desirable to procure z volunte] visitors to a c\ple ^: m>ital relations h come to %ipwreck1 ano!r m>ri$ c\ple :o h le>n$ h[ to live toge!r successfully4 ,! use ( c>efully *os5 volunte]s 9 effect+ reconciliations by ! case "w me?od has be5 s+ul>ly little develop$4 ,9 ?is respect mod]n !ory & practice h bo? fall5 beh9d4#ci ,especially is x an opportunity to enli/ ! s]vice ( m51 :om x is easy to int]e/ 9 a problem t seems to focus ab\t ! man ( ! family4 ,a man volunte] c se>* = a des]t] 9 places :]e a woman1 by be+ conspicu\s1 w\ld defeat h] own end4 ,locat$ man by m+l+ ) long%orem5 on ! docks :]e he usually work$ c\ld h>dly be ! entry ( a woman visitor4 ,a man c also be v useful 9 c\rt cases1 to c\nt]act ! prejudice t sometimes exi/s 9 c\rt rooms aga9/ ! te/imony ( social work]s :o are wom54 ,9 ! m subtle processes ( w9n+ ! man's confid5ce & help+ him to reg5]ate 8 life & recov] 8 home !re is no prepond]ance ( te/imony 9 favor ( ! man visitor4 ,sex l9es vani% "h2 ! good case work]1 man or woman1 volunte] or pr(essional1 is ! p]son ne$$4 ,sometimes ! difficulty is n to det] ! wife f prematurely tak+ h] husb& back b to induce h] to rel5t :5 ! prop] "t comes4 ,m>t9 ,long 0 intemp]ate1 8 wife 0 high-temp]$2 h] relatives advis$ h] to leave him & he des]t$1 leav+ ! relatives to provide = h] & ! ?ree *ildr54 ,he 0 away two ye>s2 !n1 becom+ homesick & want+ to re-e/abli% 8 home if possible1 he return$4 ,! wife caus$ 8 arre/ :5 he 0 seek+ an int]view ) h]4 ,! probation (fic] 9 ^: c>e he 0 releas$ became conv9c$ ( 8 g5u9e s9c]ity & regret1 b ! wife1 /ill on ! advice ( h] relatives1 refus$ to see him4 ,he p]si/$ 9 8 hope ( a reconciliation & made extraord9>y ef=ts dur+ a w9t] ( indu/rial depression1 putt+ 8 pride 9 8 pocket & tak+ labor]'s "w1 :i* he _h nev] done be=e4 ,he f9ally got a good position & sav$ money en\gh to beg9 h\sekeep+4 ,! probation (fic] kept 9 t\* ) ! wife1 fir/ p]suad+ h] to receive a lett] f ,mr4 ,long & answ] x ?r\gh ! probation (fice4 ,he int]e/$ h] 9 ! details ( h] husb&'s /ruggle1 & f9ally1 aft] a :ole ye> ( probation & ) ! help ( h] pa/or1 he induc$ h] to return4 ,! probation (fic] kept 9 close t\* ) ! family = "s mon?s & reports3 ,?ree ye>s h elaps$ s9ce t "t2 ! family is n[ 9 a ne>by city :]e !y are liv+ h>moni\sly & 9 com=table circum/ances4 ,a case work] :o is rem>kable = h] success 9 ! treatm5t ( e/rang$ c\ples1 :5 ask$ h[ %e did x answ]$ laconically1 talks & talks & talks4 ,a /udy ( h] case records1 h[ev]1 %[s c]ta9 po9ts t recur aga9 & aga9 9 h] treatm5t4 ,%e enc\rages man & wife1 sep>ately1 to talk out _! grievances ?or\ghly & get ev]y?+ out ( _! sy/ems4 ,%e !n proce$s 7) a lavi% exp5diture ( "t1 z indicat$ 9 h] phrase7 to conv9ce ea* t %e is a fri5d1 b an imp>tial fri5d4 ,%e does n pu% = an imm$iate reconciliation1 is mu* m likely to recomm5d a tempor>y sep>ation until temp]s cool d[n & ! true facts appe>4 ,%e always advises /rongly aga9/ argum5t & ca/+ up ! pa/1 & tells ! c\ple to come back to h] if !y want to discuss _! grievances fur!r4 ,above all1 !y are n to retail _! tr\bles to relatives & fri5ds4 ,if ei!r or bo? are out ( ! city dur+ _! sep>ation %e keeps 9 close t\* ) !m by lett]4 ,%e is quick to utilize _! int]e/ 9 _! *ildr5 z a means ( reawak5+ _! int]e/ 9 ea* o!r4 ,! foll[+ lett]s illu/rate h] me?od4 ,! fir/ 0 writt5 to a "y man :o 0 s]v+ a six mon?s' s5t5ce = des]tion2 ! o!rs to ! same "y man aft] he _h begun a manful /ruggle to come back1 work+ 9 a munitions plant 9 ano!r /ate & lat] s5d+ money regul>ly to ! wife1 :o /ill obdurately refus$ to =give him4 7,! lett]s are "p ( a s]ies ( #bg :i* 7 writt5 to him dur+ a t5 mon?s' p]iod47 ,my de> ,mr4 ,&rews3 ,i 0 ev] s glad to get y\r lett] ?is week & ,i am sorry t no "o has be5 ov] to ! workh\se to see y rec5tly4 ,i w surely be ov] )9 ! next two weeks4 ,i "k y are anxi\s & y %\ld h _h a lett] tell+ y ab\t ! *ildr54 ,!y are bo? all "r n[ & ! baby is out ( ! hospital4 ,we h _h a nice talk ) y\r aunt & %e is v anxi\s to come ov] & see y4 ,we w all get toge!r & try & plan :at is ! "r ?+ to d :5 y come out4 ,i w arrange x s we c h a little long] talk ?is "t if possible4 ,v truly y\rs1 ,,di/rict ,,secret>y4 ,my de> ,mr4 ,&rews3 ,y\r long lett] has j arriv$4 ,i read x ) a great deal ( int]e/ & pleasure4 ,x is f9e to "k y h already arriv$ & h />t$ out to make good on y\r promises4 ,i got y\r c>ds dur+ ! week1 :i* br\ght ! news ( y\r j\rney4 ,also on ,tuesday morn+ came y\r la/ lett]1 express+ y\r appreciation = all we _h tri$ to d = y & enclos+ two m ?rift /amps = ! *ildr54 ,i put ^! 9 _! books4 ,ye/]day ,i _h a nice long lett] f y\r fa!r1 enclos+ "o = me to give to y4 ,i am s5d+ x on j z x is4 ,i 0 v mu* tempt$ to read x b h n done s4 ,! reason ,i 0 tempt$ 0 t ,i "k x mu/ be full ( happ9ess to ?9k y h made su* a good />t4 ,at lea/ t 0 ! tone ( ! lett] he wrote to me4 ,dur+ ! pa/ ye>s ,i h work$ = ?is society ,i h se5 _m p come back /rong1 & always x has be5 because !y _h "s big motive 9 life & reason = mak+ good4 ,b ,i h seldom kn[n a fell[ t _h s _m reasons :y he %\ld make good4 ,y h ! confid5ce ( y\r fa!r & y\r aunt4 ,y h ! *ildr5 = :om y w d "r4 ,y h ,cl>a1 :om y h wrong$ & :om y w h to tea* all ov] aga9 to tru/ y4 ,surely all ^! ?+s add$ to y\r own firm w to try & undo all ! unhapp9ess y h giv5 p1 ought to help y e day z y prove ! good /uff t is 9 y4 ,i1 ( c\rse1 telephon$ ,cl>a ( y\r />t+ (f & ye/]day %e came to ! (fice & we _h a long talk4 ,%e is only sorry t y did n see ! baby & says %e w be only too glad to h special pictures tak5 ( ! *ildr5 to s5d y4 ,?is 0 aft] ,i sugge/$ t %e let me take a snap%ot ( !m to s5d y4 ,be sure & write to y\r fa!r & aunt (t54 ,& please rememb] my la/ in/ructions1 :i* 7 to let me "k fully ab\t y\rself4 ,:5 y write1 tell me all ab\t ! camp life2 h[ !y arrange ! liv+2 h[ long h\rs y h to "w2 :at !y give y = recreation1 etc4 ,pick out = y\r fri5ds m5 :o c help y1 n h9d] y1 9 y\r good det]m9ations1 & hope !re w be at lea/ "o man !re 9 :om y c tru/ & to :om y c g = advice4 ,i w let y "k ab\t ! *ildr5 all ! "t4 ,cl>a says ,nellie ! small daught] 0 expect+ to see y aga94 ,don't worry1 %e w nev] =get y4 ,) all good wi%es1 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 ,,di/rict ,,secret>y4 ,my de> ,mr4 ,&rews3 ,i receiv$ y\r long lett] ?is morn+ & 0 v glad to he> all ! details ( camp life4 ,x is too bad t y\r surr\nd+s are n m com=table1 b ,i am sure y c /ick x out = a:ile4 ,if y c raise y\rself to be =eman1 w y !n h to live 9 ! same uncom=table qu>t]s8 ,al?\gh ,i don't "k ! details1 ,i %\ld ?9k x w\ld be well if y did sign up = ! six mon?s4 ,x is too bad t y\r ?roat is /ill ho>se4 ,?ank y = lett+ me see y\r fa!r's lett]4 ,i am enclos+ x4 ,i hope y are keep+ 9 t\* ) him4 ,y ask$ especially ab\t ,cl>a & :e!r %e ask$ = y4 ,( c\rse %e did1 & %e wants me to say if !re is any?+ y want to say to h] y c s5d ! lett] "h & %e w write y4 ,%e ?9ks t y\r ambition & det]m9ation to make good is f9e1 & %e w try & help y 9 e way4 ,%e has n be5 9 ?is week & ,i h be5 v busy1 b ,i %all make x my bus9ess to see h] e>ly next week1 & if %e has n _h ! pictures ( ! *ildr5 tak51 ,i w get t att5d$ to myself4 ,s f> z ,i c see !re is absolutely no?+ = y to worry ab\t f ?is end ( ! l9e4 ,cl>a is at la/1 ,i ?9k1 z fully self-conv9c$ z ,i am t y are mak+ a spl5did ef=t1 & %e is p]fectly will+ to be fair 9 wait+ until y h a *ance to get turn$ ar\nd f9ancially & 9 mak+ fir/ paym5t = ! *ildr54 ,next week ,i am go+ to s5d y d[n a book to read4 ,x is "o ,i h enjoy$ myself1 & p]haps "s ev5+s :5 y are n too tir$ y w get a *ance to glance ov] x4 ,x is small & y c put x 9 y\r pocket4 ,be v sure ,i h n =gott5 ! v satisfactory talks we _h & ! spl5did way y h grimly />t$ out to make good4 ,if y c help ! ,gov]nm5t d _! "w1 ev5 d[n !re1 give x a good try out4 ,nev] m9d ! diff]5t nationalities y h to mix )4 ,y h already knock$ ar\nd ! _w s mu* t y c j consid] ?is ano!r opportunity ( gett+ to "k a great v>iety ( p4 ,y might ev5 le>n to talk ,italian & ,greek6 ,!re is no exp]i5ce 9 life we h to g ?r\gh b c be a s\rce ( great education to u4 ,y are sure to w9 out & get ! respect ( ev]ybody1 y\r fell[-workm5 z well z y\r sup]ior (fic]s1 if y cont9u\sly day 9 & day out simply refuse to get disc\rag$ & keep up y\r "w & d z y are told4 ,/ick by4 ,) all good wi%es1 ,s9c]ely y\rs1 ,,di/rict ,,secret>y4 ,b :5 all is said & done1 !re are no unbreakable rules ab\t treatm5t4 ,a =m ( treatm5t is sometimes to d no?+ at all4 ,*>les ,morgan1 a middle-ag$ ma*9i/ ) a wife1 a com=table home1 & sev5 *ildr5 7! two elde/ gr[n71 pick$ up 8 tools & disappe>$1 aft] a qu>rel ov] 8 wife's extravagance4 ,he _h be5 e>n+ #ej a week 9 a %op :]e he _h work$ = eighte5 ye>s & he w\ld n endure hav+ 8 wages g>ni%e$ = debt4 ,an exp]i5c$ case work] to :om furi\s ,mrs4 ,morgan made h] compla9t1 decid$1 aft] /udy+ ,mr4 ,morgan's record1 t he ought n to be prosecut$1 & refus$ to be p>ty to x4 ,z he 0 a man ( dome/ic habits1 se>* 0 made 9 a ne>by city :]e he _h relatives4 ,he 0 easily trac$4 ,mr4 ,morgan 0 bo? pr\d & retic5t1 s ! case work] made no attempt to approa* him1 b told ! woman %e mu/ devise "s way to get him back1 pref]ably to write him & say %e 0 sorry4 ,?is %e refus$ to d & on h] own responsibility adopt$ ! clumsy device ( wir+ him t a favorite *ild 0 sick4 ,?is br\ght him on ! run1 &1 be+ back1 he /ay$4 ,! case work] has nev] se5 ,mr4 ,m41 nor has 8 wife be5 enc\rag$ to come any m to ! (fice1 al?\gh reports h be5 receiv$ f "t to "t ?r\gh ! son & daught] t ?+s at home cont9ue to g well4 ,,footnotes3 #cc ,see p4 #agi reg>d+ equity p[]s ( ! c\rts4 #cd ,massa*usetts social work]s succe$$ 9 #aiag 9 secur+ ! passage ( a law :i* p]mits ! ord9>y non-support law to be invok$ 9 case ( ! man's failure to pay ! am\nt ord]$ aft] a legal sep>ation4 #ce ,see p4 #ac sq4 #cf ,colcord1 ,j4,c43 ,article on ,des]tion & ,non-support4 ,annals ( ! ,am]ican ,academy ( ,political & ,social ,sci5ce1 ,may1 #aiah1 p4 #ie4 #cg ,philadelphia ,municipal ,c\rt1 ,report = #aiaf1 p4 #fd4 #ch ,see p4 #acc4 #ci ,miss ,ri*mond1 writ+ 9 #ahie1 says3 ,we w\ld r h a hundr$ visitors1 pati5t1 intellig5t & res\rceful1 to deal ) ! m>ri$ vagabonds ( our city1 ?an ! be/ law ev] fram$1 if1 9 ord] to get su* a law1 we mu/ lose ! visitors4 ,,viii ,,! ,,home-,,/ay+ ,,non-,,support] ,_m ( ! case work]s consult$ 9 ga!r+ mat]ial = ?is book urg$ t a discussion ( ! treatm5t ( ! non-support] :o _h n des]t$ be includ$ 9 its pages4 ,9 s f> z non-support is a pre-des]tion symptom & ! non-support] a pot5tial des]t]1 mu* t has be5 said applies also to him4 ,b are ! two gr\ps co-t]m9\s1 or d !y only p>tially ov]lap8 ,! law makes little diff]5ce 9 its treatm5t ( ! two1 ! fact ( failure to support be+ ! *ief gr\nd ( its int]e/4#dj ,inde$1 9 ,massa*usetts1 ! law "u :i* des]t]s are extradit$ = ab&onm5t is habitually spok5 ( z ! non-support law4 ,no /udy ( :i* ! results are available has be5 made to le>n :at diff]5ce1 if any1 exi/s betwe5 ! non-support] :o leaves home & ! "o :o does n4 ,miss ,bre$1 9 mak+ ! po9t t ! true analogy ( ! des]t$ family is ) ! non-support$ family & n ) ! wid[ & h] *ildr51 says3 ,! des]t+ husb& is at home ! non-support+ husb&4#da ,a case read] ( exp]i5ce writes3 ,:5 ,i look back ov] ! _m records ,i h read & /udi$1 x seems to me t x is v difficult to draw a l9e betwe5 des]tion & non-support cases1 ei!r 9 ! k9d ( problem !y pres5t1 or 9 ! treatm5t ( !m4 ,d we "k en\gh ab\t non-support]s :o lat] become des]t]s2 & isn't x possible t e non-support case1 c]ta9ly e beg9n+ non-support case1 is a pot5tial des]tion case8 ,!re is no d\bt t ! two gr\ps grade imp]ceptibly into ea* o!r2 b ( ! tw5ty or m case work]s :o 7 consult$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is mat]ial1 ne>ly all felt t ! out-&-out des]t]1 if he c be got hold (1 is m promis+ mat]ial to "w ) ?an ! man :o sits ab\t ! home & lets o!rs ma9ta9 x4 ,!y all recognize a common middle gr\nd :]e ! two gr\ps m]ge into ea* o!r2 b !y see decid$ diff]5ces 9 ! two w+s s to speak1 outside ( ?is common gr\nd4 ,se5 ?r\gh _! eyes1 ! non-support] has less c\rage1 initiative & aggressiv5ess ?an ! des]t]4 ,he is less delib]ately cruel--= at lea/ he '/icks ar\nd4' ,he has n ! rov+ disposition1 b is apt to be intemp]ate & indu/rially ineffici5t z comp>$ ) ! des]t]4 ,(t5 ! m>ri$ vagabond1 z he has be5 call$1 is a home-lov+ man :o simply %irks responsibility & dislikes ef=t4 ,he may sometimes feel p>5tal responsibility ev5 ?\gh he does n support1 & he is likely to h less physical & m5tal /am9a ?an ! des]t]4 ,t phrase 9 :i* ! psy*iatri/s take refuge1 con/itutional inf]iority1 is m likely to describe ! /ay-at-home ?an ! w&]]4 ,h[ev]1 "o social work] 7non-m$ical7 says a m5tal twi/ m (t5 ent]s into ! problem ( ! des]t] ?an into t ( ! non-support]1 f my exp]i5ce4 ,! head ( a l>ge probation dep>tm5t writes3 ,_m ( ! des]t]s ) :om we h dealt 7 non-support]s be=e com+ to our att5tion4 ,among ! m5 convict$ ( ab&onm5t1 h[ev]1 is a gr\p :i* is above ! av]age 9 intellig5ce--skill$ work]s or m5 9 pr(essional occupations4 ,if ?is concurr5ce ( obs]vation is s\nd ! reason = ! social work]'s pref]5ce = ! des]t] z mat]ial ) :i* to "w is n f> to seek4 ,) ! des]t] z describ$1 ! problem is *iefly to alt] 8 po9t ( view2 ) ! non-support] x is1 9 addition1 to /iff5 8 w & to increase 8 capacity--a f> m complicat$ task4 ,! des]t] is likely to h less ju/ification ?an ! non-support]1 says an obs]v] ( long exp]i5ce4 ,/udies :i* h be5 made ( ! relative capacity ( ! wives ( des]t]s & ( non-support]s seem to agree t ! latt] h ! weak] *>act]s & are less compet5t & successful work]s4 ,a comm5t made ^u "o su* /udy po9ts out ! impossibility ( s\nd conclusions1 if bo? *ronic & incipi5t cases are includ$ 9 ! two gr\ps4 ,! progressive demoralization 9 ! family ( ! int]mitt5t husb& makes su* a /udy ( little value unless ?is di/9ction is tak5 into acc\nt4 ,! influ5ce ( ill-kept homes 9 ! manufacture ( non-support+ husb&s has be5 widely recogniz$4 ,a drunk>d's daught]1 :o _h nev] kn[n a dec5t home1 m>ri$ a "y man :o soon began to dr9k too4 ,luckily1 ! "y c\ple 7 br\ght 9 t\* ) a volunte] visitor :o1 on f9d+ t ! wife possess$ only two kit*5 ut5sils1 a teakettle & a frypan1 & actually did n "k ! names ( any o!rs1 und]took to give h] lessons 9 home managem5t4 ,%e prov$ tea*able1 & h] husb& /opp$ dr9k+ & brac$ up4 ,"s ye>s lat] ! visitor 0 able to report a well e/abli%$ home1 al?\gh ! family refus$ to move out ( ! poor neighborhood 9 :i* !y liv$ because ! husb& _h be5 elect$ c\ncilman = t di/rict4 ,if ! ineffici5t wife contributes h] %>e to ?is =m ( family breakd[n s also does ! ov]effici5t "o4 ,_m a non-support] got 8 fir/ impulse 9 t direction :5 8 wife became a wage-e>n] 9 "s dome/ic crisis4 ,!re's only "o rule = wom5 :o want to h dec5t homes = _! *ildr5 & !mselves1 advis$ a wise neighbor4 ,if y\r husb& comes home cry+1 & says he c't f9d any "w1 sit d[n on ! o!r side ( ! fire & cry until he does4#db ,"o case work] comm5ts on ! relation t (t5 exi/s betwe5 an ineffici5t husb& & an unusually compet5t wife1 made up ( a mo!rly tol]ation on h] side & a tacit acceptance on 8 t he is n expect$ to be ! provid]4 ,sort ( a l&lady's husb& 0 ! apt description ( "o su* man1 ! speak] hav+ 9 m9d ! sil5t p>tn] :o does odd jobs ar\nd 8 wife's furni%$-room h\se4 ,! lovable old rascal portray$ by ,frank ,bacon 9 8 play ,lightn9' is typical ( ?is k9d ( husb&4 ,!re is no gr\nd = outside int]f]5ce 9 su* an arrangem5t z long z bo? are satisfi$ & ! family z a unit is self-support+4 ,x is (t5 a s]i\s problem to ! case work]1 h[ev]1 to "k h[ to treat su* a family if ! breadw9n]-wife becomes incapacitat$4 ,su* 0 ! case :5 ,mrs4 ,lafl9 fell ill ) tub]culosis4 ,h] relatives describ$ h] husb& z t little non5tity ( a man4 ,he _h no bad habits & 0 pa!tically eag] to "w1 b ?\gh only a little ov] fifty he 0 prematurely ag$ & incapable4 ,! solution _h f9ally to be in/itutional c>e = ! entire family1 ,mrs4 ,lafl9 9 a hospital = incurables1 ,mr4 ,lafl9 9 a home = ! ag$1 & _! two "y daught]s1 ?r\gh ! int]e/ ( a =m] employ]1 9 a good conv5t s*ool4 ,uncomplicat$ non-support1 z 9 ! case ( ,mr4 ,lafl91 is1 h[ev]1 r>e 9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! social work]4 ,out ( a gr\p ( #ea non-support]s select$ at r&om f ! records ( ! ,buffalo ,*>ity ,organization ,society 9 #aiag1 #df %[$ "s s]i\s moral fault o!r ?an non-support4 ,alcoholism is probably ! commone/ ( ^! complications2 &1 z has be5 po9t$ out 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 is probably a prim>y cause z well4 ,x w be a matt] ( great int]e/ to social work]s :e!r ! non-support rate is r$uc$ aft] ,july #a1 #aiai4 ,gr\nds = hope t x may be are f\nd 9 ! fact t "s rem>kable results h be5 obta9$ by mov+ alcoholic non-support]s & _! families f wet into dry t]ritory4 ,ano!r vice t has a direct relation to non-support 7mu* m direct ?an to des]tion7 is gambl+4 ,! gambl] c>ries no signs ( 8 vice ^u 8 p]son z does ! inebriate1 & x is !re=e h>d to detect4 ,x und\bt$ly does n appe> 9 social case records z frequ5tly z x %\ld4 ,case work]s %\ld h x 9 m9d z a possible explanation1 :5ev] !re is a m>k$ discrepancy betwe5 :at a non-support] e>ns & :at he contributes to ! home4 ,) ! non-support]s r ?an ) ! des]t]s %\ld be put ! gr\p ( m5 ^: wives tire ( support+ !m & ei!r put !m out or leave !m4 ,^! m5 are (t5 n only morally1 b m5tally & physically1 s h&icapp$ t !re is no?+ to be ga9$ by con/antly pursu+ & arre/+ !m1 al?\gh "s wives extract ! sweets ( rev5ge f do+ j ?is4 ,few c\rts ( dome/ic relations are )\t "s wives z regul> patrons :o pursue _! husb&s n = ga9 b = sport4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 h[ev]1 ! wives ( su* m5 are philosophical4 ,i only wa% = meself n[1 said "o ( !m4 ,^! m51 & ! unreclaim$ des]t]s1 d\btless make up a l>ge "p ( ! float+ population ( homeless m5 9 our l>ge cities4 ,h[ l>ge a "p x is impossible to say1 = !y are likely to give assum$ names & d5y ! possession ( families4 ,mrs4 ,sol5b]g]#dc has not$1 h[ev]1 t if !y are ask$1 n ,are y m>ri$8 b a less direct "q su* z ,:]e is y\r wife n[8 a /ory ( un=tunate m>ri$ life w (t5 be elicit$4 ,until we h "s bett] me?od ( int]-city regi/ration ( homeless m51 _m ( ^! :o o!rwise might be id5tifi$ & 9 suitable cases br\ght back1 w cont9ue to slip ?r\gh our f+]s4 ,) non-support 9 an incipi5t /age1#dd x is sometimes possible to deal s sudd5ly & effectively t ! man is %ock$ into a bett] realization ( 8 responsibilities4 ,a "y ,iri% rigg]1 ) a capable wife & two pretty babies1 lo/ 8 job aft] a qu>rel ) 8 boss rigg]4 ,he 0 a g5ial1 popul> *ap1 always ! life ( ! p>ty 9 8 circle2 & 8 companions enc\rag$ him to feel t he 0 a mu* injur$ man4 ,!y also help$ him to fill 8 en=c$ leisure ) too mu* be]4 ,:5 ! family receiv$ a dispossess notice ! wife's pati5ce 0 at an end1 & act+ on ! advice ( a society engag$ 9 family case "w1 %e put ! furniture 9 /orage & w5t to a %elt] :]e %e c\ld leave h] *ildr5 9 ! daytime1 :ile %e 0 at "w1 & h !m ) h] at night4 ,! man 0 told to %ift = himself until he c\ld get toge!r suffici5t money to re-e/abli% ! home4 ,! arrangem5t cont9u$ = ne>ly two mon?s1 dur+ :i* ! man liv$ 9 lodg+ h\ses1 _h an attack ( /oma* tr\ble1 & 0 altoge!r ?or\ghly mis]able4 ,e night he wait$ = a ^w ) 8 wife on a corn] t %e _h to pass 9 com+ f "w4 ,f9ally1 :5 x seem$ to ! social work] & to ! wife t 8 lesson _h gone f> en\gh1 ! home 0 re-e/abli%$1 ) only a small am\nt ( help f ! society4 ,dur+ ! five ye>s s9ce t "t1 no recurr5ce ( ! tr\ble has come to ! att5tion ( ! ag5cy int]e/$4 ,?is exp]im5t 0 realiz$ to be a tickli% "o1 z a man less s9c]ely atta*$ to 8 home might h be5 turn$ into a vagabond by su* treatm5t4 ,9 g5]al1 x may be said t1 z !re is less to "w on con/ructively ) ! non-support]1 c\rt action has m (t5 to be invok$4 ,if ! non-support] is a *ronic1 8 pa? mu/ n be all[$ to be too easy4 ,sometimes y j h to keep pe/]+ him 0 ! way "o social work] put x4 ,a ,r$ ,cross ,home ,s]vice work] successfully %ock$ "o eld]ly non-support] into go+ to "w1 z describ$ 9 "o ( ! ,r$ ,cross publications3 ,well1 ,mr4 ,gage1 ,i said1 ,i see y're n work+ yet4 ,no1 ,mrs4 ,cox1 ! coal company promis$ to s5d = me4 ,well1 ,i said1 ,i ?9k y've be5 pretty fair ) t company4 ,y've wait$ on x = ?ree mon?s n[4 ,if ,i _h ! (f] ( ano!r job ,i'd feel p]fectly free to take x1 if ,i 7 y4 ,yes1 he said1 ,i ?9k ,i %\ld4 ,all "r1 ,i h a job = y1 said ,i4 ,my husb& wants a man n[ at 8 g>age1 to clean automobiles4 ,! h\rs are f #f p4m4 to #f a4m41 & y'll e>n #ae a week4 ,8 pap] fell f 8 h&s to ! floor2 8 jaw dropp$1 & he j look$ at me4 ,!n he tri$ to crawl out ( x & began to make excuses4 ,i hav5't "t to argue ) y1 ,mr4 ,gage1 ,i said4 ,i'll keep ! job op5 till sev5 o'clock tonight & y c let me "k !n :e!r y'll take x or n4 ,at sev5 he came to say he'd take ! job4#de ,if 9 des]tion cases ! int]e/ c5t]s v vividly ab\t ! abs5t man1 9 non-support cases ! rev]se is likely to be true1 because he is (t5 n v int]e/+ p] se1 & because1 moreov]1 he is always on ! spot & does n h to be se>*$ =4 ,famili>ity c]ta9ly bre$s contempt = ! non-support]4 ,consequ5tly ! social work] may easily fall into ! dang] ( disreg>d+ ! human factors he pres5ts1 & ei!r treat+ ! family z if he did n exi/ or exp5d+ no fur!r ef=t on him ?an to see t he puts 9 six mon?s ( e ye> 9 jail if possible 7s9ce ! law usually secures to him ! privilege ( loaf+ ! o!r six74 ,x is n safe1 h[ev]1 to reg>d ev5 ! mo/ leisurely ( non-support]s z beyond ! possibility ( awak5+4 ,"o di/rict secret>y :o _h ?us giv5 a man up _h ! exp]i5ce ( see+ him trans=m$ into a /eady work] aft] a few mon?s ( int5sive ef=t by a fir/-ye> /ud5t 9 a s*ool ( social sci5ce1 ^: only equipm5t = ! job 0 p]sonality & en?usiasm4 ,s rem>kable are "s ( ! reclamations t h be5 br\ght ab\t ) seem+ly hopeless non-support]s t all possible measures %\ld be tri$ be=e giv+ "o ( !m up4 ,8 ,scot* ance/ry1 a good wife1 luck1 & a fri5d ) insight & skill1 pull$ ,aleck ,gray out ( t bottomless pit1 ! gutt]4 ,aleck _h be5 a bookkeep]2 b he didn't get on well ) 8 employ]s1 lo/ 8 job1 got to dr9k+1 & w5t s f> d[nhill t 8 wife _h to take _! two *ildr5 & g home to h] p sev]al hundr$ miles away4 ,aleck f9ally drift$ into a bureau = homeless m51 :]e ! ag5t became int]e/$ 9 him & work$ ) him = six mon?s1 gett+ him job aft] job1 :i* he always lo/ ?r\gh dr9k or temp]4 ,he seem$ incapable ( tak+ directions or work+ ) o!r p4 ,9 all t "t ! ag5t felt t he 0 gett+ no ne>] ! root ( ,aleck's tr\ble1 ?\gh he came back aft] ea* dismissal & dogg$ly took :atev] 0 (f]$4 ,f9ally1 ! ag5t's pati5ce wore ?91 & :5 ,aleck _h be5 m ?an usually d\r & aggravat+ x w5t entirely to pieces4 ,aleck li/5$ to 8 outbur/ app>5tly unmov$2 !n said1 ,v well1 if y want to "k :at w\ld make me /op dr9k+1 ,i'll tell y4 ,if ,i c\ld see any ray ( hope t ,i 0 on ! way to gett+ my home & family back1 ,i'd /op & /op quick4 ,on ! ag5t's desk !re happ5$ to be a lett] f a fri5d :o want$ a t5ant f>m]4 ,he ?ru/ x into ,aleck's h& say+1 ,!re's y\r *ance if y mean :at y say4 ,! man's reply 0 to ask :5 he c\ld get a tra94 ,at ! end ( sev]al weeks ,aleck wrote t he _h n drunk a drop & 0 mak+ good1 :i* 0 en?usia/ically confirm$ by 8 employ]4 ,he begg$ ! ag5t to int]c$e ) 8 wife1 & a lett] w5t to h] :i* br\ght ! telegraphic reply1 ,/>t+ tomorr[4 ,h[ !y got ?r\gh ! fir/ w9t] ! ag5t nev] knew exactly4 ,b !y pull$ ?r\gh & ! next ye> 0 easy1 z c\ntry-born ,aleck's skill came back4 ,six ye>s lat]1 dur+ :i* "t ! ag5t he>d f !m once or twice a ye>1 ,aleck 0 /ill keep+ /raight1 ! *ildr5 7 do+ well 9 s*ool1 & ! family1 prosp]\s & happy1 _h b\ght a f>m ( _! own 9 ano!r /ate4 ,,footnotes3 #dj ,! des]t] :o does n fail to support is usually safe f puni%m5t no matt] h[ aggravat$ 8 (f5se4 ,a man liv+ ) 8 wife & five-ye>-old boy 9 an ea/]n city elop$ ) ano!r woman to a city 9 ! ,middle ,we/4 ,! c\ple kidnapp$ ! boy & took him ) !m2 & ! di/ract$ woman1 b]eft ( bo? h] husb& & *ild1 _h no rec\rse 9 any c\rt1 s9ce ! fa!r 0 cont9u+ to provide = 8 son4 #da ,proce$+s ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,correction1 #aiaj1 p4 #gf4 #db ,loane1 ,m43 ,! ,que5's ,poor1 p4 #ajb4 ,london1 ,edw>d ,arnold1 #aije4 #dc ,sol5b]g]1 ,alice ,will>d3 ,"o ,?\s& ,homeless ,m51 p4 #bb4 ,new ,york1 ,russell ,sage ,f\ndation1 #aiaa4 #dd ,= a consid]ation ( possible l9es ( treatm5t = ! non-support] & 8 family1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,*apt] ,,vii1 :]e is discuss$ ! treatm5t ( ! des]t] :o is will+ to return4 #de ,beh9d ! ,s]vice ,flag1 pamphlet ,,arc #baa1 ,am]ican ,r$ ,cross1 ,dep>tm5t ( ,civilian ,relief4 ,,ix ,,next ,,/eps ,,9 ,,corrective ,,treatm5t ,any discussion ( laws1 _! application1 & en=cem5t1 mu/ p]=ce be v g5]al1 s9ce ! diff]5t /ates v>y greatly 9 laws gov]n+ des]tion & 9 equipm5t = _! en=cem5t4 ,sugge/ions = a uni=m f$]al des]tion law are n consid]$ "h2 ! t]m next /eps %\ld be read z mean+ n plans 9 actual prospect b r ! increase 9 legal facilities desirable f ! social work]'s po9t ( view4 ,9 communities :]e no su* facilities exi/1 social work]s are 9 a good position to collect illu/rative mat]ial & pu% = desirable *anges 9 law & law en=cem5t4 ,especially advantage\s is ! position ( ! legal social ag5cies su* z legal aid societies & special bureaus & committees = increas+ ! effici5cy ( ! c\rts1 _m ( :i* are affiliat$ ) or ma9ta9$ by ! l>ge family "w societies4 #a4 ,measures = ! ,discov]y1 ,extradition or ,deportation ( ! ,des]t]4--,! nation-wide regi/ration ( males betwe5 c]ta9 ages1 "u ! ,selective ,s]vice ,act1 0 widely utiliz$ by social work]s 9 f9d+ des]t+ m51 ) ! he>ty co-op]ation usually ( ! draft bo>ds4 ,?is fact =ms no argum5t = univ]sal regi/ration z x 0 c>ri$ on 9 ,g]many be=e ! w>2 no sy/em :i* meant su* cumb]some ma*9]y or s mu* int]f]5ce ) ! fre$om ( ! individual ought to be advocat$ = a mom5t if x 7 solely = ! purpose ( keep+ track ( ! small p]c5tage ( citiz5s :o wi% to evade _! responsibilities1 m>ital & o!r4 ,ev5 su* a non-milit>y device z t :i* obligates e p]son to regi/] successive *anges ( address ) ! po/al au?orities to facilitate deliv]y ( mail w\ld be contr>y to ! ,am]ican _s & easily evad$ by p int]e/$ 9 conceal+ _! :]eab\ts1 unless en=c$ ) all ! rigor ( ! ,european police sy/em4 ,b ?\gh we c advocate no sy/em ( manhood regi/ration1 we c avail ourselves ( ! incid5tal b5efits ( any t may be 9 =ce4 ,! ,f$]al ,employm5t ,s]vice (f]s a promis+ means ( help 9 discov]+ ! movem5ts ( des]t]s ^: trade & probable de/9ation are kn[n4 ,x %\ld be entirely possible to "w out a sy/em by :i* ! manag]s ( ! local employm5t bureaus %\ld be furni%$ ) "n1 description1 copy ( photograph1 & s on1 ( a des]t] :o is be+ s\ght1 s t ! man if recogniz$ c\ld be trac$ or quickly appreh5d$ if a w>rant is already 9 ! h&s ( ! local police au?orities4 ,x may ev5 be possible1 "u ! f$]al employm5t s]vice1 to develop ! long wi%$ = national regi/ration ( casual & migratory labor4 ,ne$ = "s su* sy/em has be5 felt by all ag5cies try+ to deal con/ructively ) vagrants & homeless m54 ,little track c be kept n only ( ! individual w&]] b ( ! ebb & fl[ ( ! tides ( casual labor )\t "s sy/em ( ?is sort4 ,if employm5t bureaus 7 requir$ to =w>d to a c5tral regi/ry ! names & "s id5tify+ p>ticul>s ( e non-resid5t :o appli$ = employm5t1 ! problem ( f9d+ ! des]t] w\ld be r5d]$ t5 times easi] ?an x is n[4 ,"o pres5t ob/acle to ?is & o!r improvem5ts is ! attitude ( au?orities--city1 /ate1 & f$]al--t[>d wife des]tion4 ,we h already m5tion$ ! way 9 :i* ! task ( trac+ ! des]t] has be5 ?ru/ back ^u ! wife & ! social work]1 z if he 7 n an (f5d] aga9/ ! community z well z aga9/ 8 wife & *ildr54 ,almo/ z widespread is ! reluctance ( ! prop] au?orities to arre/ ! des]t] & br+ him back aft] he has be5 f\nd4 ,a g5]al atmosph]e ( indiff]5ce & despair ( accompli%+ any?+ wor? :ile surr\nds any attempt to pu% ! prosecution ( a man :o has tak5 refuge outside ! community4 ,hope = ! future lies 9 socializ+ ! po9t ( view ( c\rt (ficials1 police1 & di/rict attorneys--a process 9 :i* ! social work] mu/ play a l>ge "p4 ,no *ance %\ld be lo/ to drive home ! social & economic wa/e involv$1 by us+ ! illu/rative mat]ial :i* ab\nds 9 ! files ( mo/ case "w ag5cies4 ,! p]nici\s sy/em by :i* ! wife is requir$ to s]ve summons & w>rant ^u ! (f5d+ husb& :o is /ill 9 ! same city1 %\ld be done away ) entirely4 ,! social ag5cy1 public or private1 :i* has _h to support or assi/ ! man's family ought to be able to pref] a *>ge = non-support1 & to take out a summons or a w>rant & s]ve x )\t ! wife's be+ pres5t4 ,! ag5cy %\ld 9 ?is case protect itself by secur+ f ! wife a sign$ affidavit & au?orization to act 9 h] behalf4 ,x may seem unimportant :e!r ! wife makes su* compla9t 9 ! c\rt or to a private society4 ,! psy*ological effect ^u ! man is1 h[ev]1 v diff]5t4 ,if 8 wife initiates ! compla9t 9 c\rt1 8 res5tm5t is direct$ t[>d h]--a fact :i* r5d]s reconciliation m difficult if ?is is lat] attempt$4 ,9 o!r cases1 = ! wife to make ! compla9t puts h] 9 actual physical dang] f ! v9dictive husb&4 ,if he is br\ght into c\rt on ! compla9t ( a social ag5cy1 "p ( t res5tm5t at lea/ is transf]r$ to ! intrusive social work]1 :o is n usually s]i\sly tr\bl$ !reby & is f> bett] able to be> ! weight ( ! husb&'s displeasure ?an is 8 poor wife4 ,! abs5ce ( any treaty ) ,great ,brita9 by :i* family des]t]s c be extradit$ to or f ,canada makes ! ,dom9ion a place ( refuge = _m ,am]ican evad]s ( family responsibilities4 ,! ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,correction1#df at its meet+ 9 ,clevel& 9 #aiab1 pass$ a resolution on ! ne$ = su* a treaty4 ,z a result1 l>gely ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ,mr4 ,william ,h4 ,baldw91 ! treaty 0 sign$ & s5t to ! ,s5ate = ratification 9 ,decemb]1 #aiaf4 ,x 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations1 :]e x met ) objection & has rema9$ )\t action up to ! pres5t4 ,! ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,jewi% ,*>ities1 at its meet+ 9 ,kansas ,city 9 ,may1 #aiah1 s5t urg5t repres5tations to ! ,s5ate ,committee1 :i* x is hop$ may result 9 ratification aft] ! pressure ( w>-"t legislation is relax$4 ,we %\ld n /op :5 reciprocal extradition ) ,canada has be5 secur$2 !re is a simil> situation on our s\!rn bord] 9 /ates f :i* escape into ,mexico is easy4 ,:ile ,am]ican des]t]s are n likely to g to o!r m remote c\ntries ?an ^! two1 immigration into ,am]ica f o!r c\ntries creates des]tion problems 9 o!r places & pres5ts u ) a class ( undesirables ) :om x is difficult to deal "u exi/+ immigration laws4 ,9 #aiab a report 0 submitt$ to ! ,glasg[ ,p>i% ,c\ncil %[+ ! al>m+ am\nt ( dep5d5cy creat$ 9 t "o city by ! emigration to ,am]ica & ! ,colonies ( m5 )\t _! families1 & :o subsequ5tly drift$ into ! /atus ( des]t]s4 ,?is report makes ! int]e/+ sugge/ion t no m>ri$ man be p]mitt$ to emigrate )\t 8 family unless he pres5ts a writt5 sanction ( ! ,p>i% ,c\ncil or o!r local au?ority1 & fur!r1 t he be b\nd1 "u p5alty ( deportation1 to report himself to "s au?ority 9 ! c\ntry ( 8 de/9ation1 :i* w\ld satisfy itself z to 8 conduct & insure t he did 8 duty by wife & family4#dg ,su* a provision w\ld ( c\rse involve ! revision ( our own immigration laws1 mak+ wife & family des]tion a crime !reund]4 ,at pres5t ! law provides deportation only )9 five ye>s aft] entry1 & = p]sons :o h be5 convict$ ( or admit hav+ committ$ a felony or o!r crime or misdemeanor involv+ moral turpitude1 or :o are s5t5c$ to a t]m ( "o ye> or m 9 ?is c\ntry1 )9 five ye>s ( entry1 = su* crime 7or :o may suff] a second conviction at any "t aft] entry74 ,?is w\ld cle>ly cov] bigamy committ$ )9 five ye>s aft] entry2 :e!r x c\ld be /ret*$ to cov] less] =ms ( m>ital irresponsibility rema9s to be det]m9$4 7,x %\ld be rememb]$ t a man :o br+s 9 z 8 wife1 or lat] s5ds =1 a woman to :om he is n m>ri$1 c be deport$ "u q o!r sections ( ! immigration law47 #b4 ,improvem5ts 9 ,c\rt ,proc$ure4--,a sore po9t ) ! social work] is ! (t5 ridicul\sly inadequate am\nts t unwill+ husb&s are put "u c\rt ord] to pay4 ,!y accuse ! c\rts1 :e!r rightly or wrongly1 ( consid]+ fir/ :at "p ( ! man's alleg$ e>n+s w be ne$$ = him to live ^u com=tably1 & !n ( mak+ ! ord] = :atev] may be left ov]4 ,on(rio ,manc9i 0 "u c\rt ord] to /ay away f home & pay 8 wife #f4jj a week = ! support ( _! two *ildr51 ,he drove a two-horse truck1 &1 at t "t1 mu/ h be5 e>n+ n less ?an #af4jj a week4 ,mrs4 ,manc9i fell ill1 :]eupon ,on(rio promptly ceas$ all paym5ts4 ,! social ag5cy int]e/$ 0 p]mitt$ to make a compla9t on produc+ a doctors c]tificate t ,mrs4 ,manc9i c\ld n appe> 9 c\rt2 b ,on(rio1 :5 he appe>$1 put up su* a h>d luck tale ( e>n+ only #h4jj a week t ! judge1 )\t inve/igation1 cut ! ord] d[n to #d4jj a week & ord]$ ,on(rio to return home to live4 ,a bullet9 issu$ by ! ,seyb]t ,in/itution ( ,philadelphia gives a v int]e/+ set ( diagrams %[+ ! relation 7or lack ( relation7 betwe5 ! am\nt ( man's income1 size ( family1 & ! c\rt ord] issu$ 9 ! ,philadelphia ,municipal ,c\rt4#dh ,?is report gives a s]ies ( illu/rations1 :]e gl>+ inconsi/5cies betwe5 ! man's e>n+s & ! c\rt ord] 7 obs]v$ by visitors to ! c\rt4 ,a sample ( ! reports made by ^! visitors is z foll[s3 ,man e>n+ #cj to #dj a week at ammunition factory4 ,c e>n #bj ) no ov]time4 ,has be5 s5d+ woman #aj a week b has ?reat5$ to leave t[n4 ,judge said3 ',y c't keep up #aj a week--h[ mu* c y give8' ,f9ally ord]$ #h a week4 ,woman said %e c\ldn't live on t & ,judge told h] %e _h to g to "w h]self !n2 t !y %\ld live toge!r anyway4 ,woman says %e is unable to "w--is ill4 ,:5 man /at$ he 0 giv+ #aj great con/]nation seem$ to take hold ( ! entire c\rt =ce4 ,he did n say he c\ldn't pay #aj2 ! judge simply told him he c\ldn't keep t up4 ,! practice ( assign+ less ?an half ! man's weekly e>n+s to ! wife & *ildr5 has be5 def5d$ on ! gr\nd t if he is =c$ to live too economically1 he w disappe> & ! family w be left ) no?+4 ,?is w\ld seem to be a self-confession on ! "p ( ! c\rt t x _c en=ce its reasonable requirem5ts4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! fir/ ?+ to be consid]$ is ! m9imum ne$s ( ! wife & *ildr51 tak+ into consid]ation :e!r ! wife c be expect$ to contribute any?+ t[>d h] own support or :e!r all h] "t is ne$$ = h] *ildr54 ,?is am\nt %\ld be cut d[n only :5 !re is actually n en\gh left = ! man to live on2 & 8 wife & *ildr5 %\ld n be p9*$ = necessities 9 ord] t he may h luxuries or indulge 9 vices4 ,! habit "s judges h ( accept+ ! man's own /atem5t on oa? z to :at 8 e>n+s are is responsible = _m unju/ ord]s4 ,a man :o does n want to contribute to 8 family's support is almo/ sure to und]/ate 8 e>n+s1 oa? or no oa?2 & ! confirmation ( 8 employ] 7or :5 ! employ] is suspect$ ( be+ 9 league ) him1 ! inspection ( ! employ]'s books by ! probation (fic]7 is (t5 ne$$4 ,probably ! mo/ difficult =m ( evasion to combat is t ( ! man :o delib]ately takes a l[] sal>y ?an he is capable ( e>n+1 s z to h less to give 8 wife4 ,surpris+ z x may seem1 ?is is a common practice2 b skilful probation "w c nev]!less f9d a rem$y4 ,9 cases ( susp5d$ s5t5ce1 paym5ts ought always to be made ?r\gh ! c\rt & n h&$ by ! man to 8 wife4 ,x is bett] to h ! am\nt receiv$ & transmitt$ by "s bureau atta*$ to ! c\rt1 & s manag$ t ! man c s5d ! money 9 )\t knock+ (f "w to br+ x & t ! woman c receive x by mail4 ,! probation (fic] %\ld n be bo!r$ ) ! actual h&l+ ( ! money1 b he %\ld be promptly notifi$ ( any del9qu5cy 9 ! paym5ts4 ,:e!r ! man "u c\rt ord] is on probation or n1 ! cessation ( paym5ts %\ld automatically reop5 ! case4 ,at pres5t1 9 mo/ c\rts1 ! ord] goes by default until ! wife comes 9 to make ano!r *>ge4 ,?is1 ?r\gh disc\ragem5t or fe> ( a beat+ f ! man1 %e (t5 neglects2 ) ! result t ! ord]s ( ! c\rt mean little 9 ! eyes ( ! m51 & t arre>s1 once all[$ to m\nt up1 are nev] cle>$ (f4 ,?is /atem5t applies z well to long t]m ord]s = sep>ate support :]e ! circum/ances are su* t no reconciliation is contemplat$4 ,^! ord]s are n[ made = a def9ite p]iod ( mon?s1 at ! end ( :i* "t ! case drops unless ! wife r5ews *>ges4 ,a case ( ?is sort ought n to be t]m9able )\t a re9ve/igation & f9al he>+ 9 c\rt4 ,inde$ x w\ld seem1 9 su* cases1 t ! *ildr5 involv$ %\ld h at lea/ z mu* protection z ! *ildr5 9 ba/>dy proce$+s1 & t ! ord] %\ld be made to cov] ! t]m ( ye>s until ! olde/ *ild becomes ( work+ age4 ,! mo/ important /ep 9 advance ) reg>d to paym5ts is und\bt$ly ! law :i* has be5 tri$ ) signal success 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & 9 ! /ates ( ,ohio & ,massa*usetts1 requir+ m5 s]v+ prison s5t5ces = non-support & ab&onm5t to be made to "w1 & a sum ( money1 repres5t+ _! e>n+s1 to be turn$ ov] to _! families4 ,9 an int]e/+ pap] 9 ! ,survey = ,novemb] #bj1 #aiji1 entitl$ ,mak+ ! ,des]t] ,pay ! ,pip]1 ,mr4 ,william ,h4 ,baldw9 discusses 9 detail h[ ?is plan 0 made to "w successfully 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,! movem5t = special c\rts to consid] cases ( juv5ile del9qu5cy & m>ital relations has ga9$ su* headway t no ^w ne$s to be said "h 9 its favor4 ,9 communities :]e ! volume ( c\rt bus9ess p]mits su* c\rts to be sep>ately organiz$1 !y are g5]ally accept$ z ! only means ( h&l+ ^! matt]s4 ,9 small] communities ! ne$ may be met by sett+ aside regul> sessions ( ! magi/rates' c\rts = ?is purpose4 ,juv5ile c\rts & dome/ic relations c\rts hav+ prov$ a success sep>ately1 !re is a /rong movem5t on foot to comb9e !m into "o c\rt1 = :i* ! "n ,family ,c\rt has be5 propos$4 ,a lead] 9 ?is movem5t is ,judge ,h(fman ( ! ,family ,c\rt ( ,c9c9nati1 :i* he describes ?us3 ,! ,c\rt ( ,c9c9nati 0 organiz$ = ! purpose ( deal+ ) ! family z a unit & to asc]ta9 possibly ! cause ( its disruption4 ,x has exclusive jurisdiction 9 all divorce & alimony cases1 & all matt]s com+ "u ! ,juv5ile ,c\rt ,act4 ,x also has jurisdiction 9 cases ( failure to provide4 ,! ideal c\rt w\ld include 9 connection ) ! =ego+ functions1 adoption ( *ildr51 ! issu+ ( m>riage lic5ses1 & ba/>dy cases4#di ,"o advantage ( ?is plan is ! economy x effects 9 ! "t ( probation (fic]s4 ,x is g5]ally admitt$ t 9 *ildr5's c\rt cases x is ! p>5ts r ?an ! *ildr5 :o are really on probation2 & ) two c\rts & two sep>ate probation sy/ems1 we may ev5 h ! anomaly ( ! same family be+ "u ! c>e ( two probation (fic]s at once4 ,specialization c no fur!r g6 ,o!r lead]s 9 ! dome/ic relations c\rt movem5t see little m]it 9 ! proposal = a "o-"p family c\rt4 ,!y ?9k t1 9 ! l>ge cities at lea/1 ! ne$ w\ld be bett] s]v$ by hav+ ! dome/ic relations & juv5ile c\rts "u "o ro(1 b z two sep>ate & di/9ct p>ts ( ! same c\rt4 ,all are agre$1 h[ev]1 t ! p[]s ( "o or ! o!r ( ! two special c\rts %\ld be enl>g$ to cov] ba/>dy cases1 :]e ?is is n n[ done4 ,! dome/ic relations c\rt1 :e!r sep>ate or z "p ( a family c\rt1 ought to h equity p[]s1 s t ! usual rules ( evid5ce ne$ n be s closely adh]$ to & m latitude c\ld be all[$ ! magi/rate 9 dispos+ ( cases1 n necess>ily accord+ to rul+ & prec$5t b accord+ to ! social ne$s disclos$4 ,a con/itutional am5dm5t n[ p5d+ 9 ,new ,york is a model = ?is sort ( legislation4 ,x is 9 "p z foll[s3 ,! legislature may e/abli% *ildr5's c\rts & c\rts ( dome/ic relations z sep>ate c\rts or p>ts ( exi/+ c\rts1 or c\rts h]eaft] to be creat$1 & may conf] ^u !m su* equity & o!r jurisdiction z may be necess>y = ! correction1 protection1 gu>dian%ip & disposition ( del9qu5t1 neglect$ or dep5d5t m9ors1 & = ! puni%m5t & correction ( adults responsible = or contribut+ to su* del9qu5cy1 neglect or dep5d5cy1 & to compel ! support ( a wife1 *ild or poor relative by p]sons legally *>geable !re) :o ab&on or neglect to support any ( !m4#ej ,_m c\rts ( dome/ic relations :i* n[ ex]cise equity p[]s1 su* z ord]+ t a man rema9 away f home or t a wife all[ h] husb& to see 8 *ildr5 at /at$ times1 d s )\t actual legal w>rant & subject at any "t to appeal ( c\nsel4 ,! conf]r+ ( equity p[]s on c\rts ( dome/ic relations is a =m ( protection bo? to ! c\rt & to its cli5ts :i* social work]s %\ld /& ready to "w =4 ,juv5ile c\rts h 9 ! ma9 out/ripp$ ! dome/ic relations c\rts 9 ! use ( physicians & psy*iatri/s4 ,! be/ examples ( bo? ^! c\rts h1 h[ev]1 facilities = ! mak+ ( physical exam9ations & m5tal te/s1 :]e necess>y1 be=e adjudication4 ,judge ,h(fman says t ! fact t s _m cases 9 c\rts ( dome/ic relations disclose abnormal or p]v]t$ sex habits1 makes important ! s]vices ( a psy*iatri/ accu/om$ to diagnos+ ^! conditions4#ea ,9 mo/ /ates ! jurisdiction ( ! c\rts ( dome/ic relations %\ld be ext5d$ & co-ord9at$4 ,few /ates escape "s gl>+ inconsi/5cies 9 ! laws gov]n+ des]tion & ab&onm5t4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 mu* confusion betwe5 /ates z to :e!r a woman ^: husb& br+s h] to a /range city & !re des]ts h] mu/ prosecute him 9 ! city :]e _! home is or :]e ! des]tion took place4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances ! woman is =c$ to travel to ! city :]e h] husb& has gone1 & br+ action aga9/ him !re1 if ! c\rts 9 t place w ent]ta9 a suit4 ,9 ,new ,york /ate !re is no law :i* cov]s ! case ( a man :o ab&ons 8 wife :ile %e is pregnant1 if !re is no o!r liv+ *ild4 ,to con/itute an extraditable crime !re mu/ h be5 ab&onm5t ( a *ild 9 esse n m]ely 9 posse4 ,b no in/itution1 h[ev] c>efully e/abli%$ by law1 is any m effective ?an ! p :o run x2 & ! usefulness ( ! dome/ic relations c\rt 9 any community dep5ds entirely ^u ! social-m9d$ness & fre$om f political entanglem5t ( ! judge & ! am\nt & quality ( probation s]vice4 ,f a social po9t ( view1 ! latt] is m important ?an ! =m]2 = a bad decision ( ! c\rt c be mitigat$ by good case "w lat] on1 :ile a poor probation (fic] may nullify ! effects ( ! wise/ judicial decision ev] made4 ,! importance ( hav+ en\gh probation (fic]s to h&le ! "w ( ! c\rt has already be5 t\*$ ^u4 ,an ov]work$ (fic] is p]=ce an ineffici5t (fic]4 ,he has usually to sp5d at lea/ half 8 "t 9 ! c\rt & att5d+ to ! cl]ical end ( 8 job4 ,f #ej to #fj cases is probably all t "o probation (fic] c be expect$ to h&le ?or\ghly at "o "t1 if1 z is to be hop$1 he is requir$ to make c>eful prelim9>y inve/igations to be pres5t$ to ! judge be=e ! trial4 ,9 tra9+ & 9 equipm5t = ! job1 probation (fic]s %\ld be ! equals ( case work]s 9 private ag5cies4 ,exam9ations = probation (fic]s ought to be conduct$ by social work]s ( skill & high /&>ds4 ,a few mon?s ( cramm+ at a civil s]vice s*ool1 or a few weeks ( volunte] visit+ ) "s case work+ ag5cy1 %\ld n suffice to enable c&idates to pass ! exam9ations4 ,! /&>ds %\ld be high en\gh & ! sal>ies suffici5tly attractive to draw into ?is field p :o h successfully complet$ _! appr5tice%ip 9 ! art ( case "w4 ,only !n c ! /atus ( ! probation (fic] be rais$ to :at x %\ld be 9 ! c\rt itself4 ,! relation ( ! probation (fic] to ! judge ought to be exactly l ! relation ( ! m$ical social work] to ! physician--t ( a p]son act+ "u 8 direction 9 a g5]al way1 b ) a special contribution to make to ! treatm5t ( ! case & ) a recogniz$ /&+ z an exp]t 9 8 own p>ticul> field4 ,,footnotes3 #df ,n[ *ang$ to ,! ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,social ,"w4 #dg ,motion1 ,j4,r43 ,wife & ,family ,des]tion3 ,emigration z a ,contributory ,cause4 ,glasg[ ,p>i% ,c\ncil1 #aiab4 #dh ,h&l+ ( ,cases by ! ,juv5ile ,c\rt & ,c\rt ( ,dome/ic ,relations ( ! ,philadelphia ,municipal ,c\rt4 ,bullet9 #b1 ,bureau = ,social ,rese>*1 ! ,seyb]t ,in/itution1 ,philadelphia1 #aiah4 #di ,h(fman1 ,*>les ,w43 ,! ,dome/ic ,relations ,c\rt & ,divorce1 ,! ,del9qu5t1 ,febru>y1 #aiag4 #ej ,= a full] discussion ( equity p[]s see an article by ,judge ,c4,f4 ,coll9s 9 ! ,legal ,aid ,review = ,janu>y1 #aiai4 #ea ,h(fman1 ,*>les ,w43 ,dome/ic ,relations ,c\rts & ,divorce4 ,! ,del9qu5t1 ,febru>y1 #aiag4 ,x ,,next ,,/eps ,,9 ,,prev5tive ,,treatm5t ,at ?is "t ( writ+ x is too soon aft] ! sign+ ( ! armi/ice to make pr$ictions z to :at ! ,great ,w> may d to m>riage4 ,:e!r des]tion & divorce w increase or decrease x is impossible to say1 & ! exp]i5ce ( ,europe is beside ! m>k4 ,! w> w leave traces on ?is g5]ation--no d\bt ab\t t2 b our losses h n be5 heavy en\gh s]i\sly to di/urb ! balance ( ! sexes4 ,! w>1 :i* has be5 to ! common p ( our c\ntry a w> ( s]vice & ideals1 has eras$ mu* t 0 petty & selfi%2 x has also caus$ n]v\s %ocks & /ra9s incalculable & unimag9$4 ,ye>s f n[ we may be able to /rike ! balance1 b today ?is _c be done4 ,x is impossible also to say :e!r ! gr[+ irresponsibility t 0 g5]ally recogniz$ to be ?reat5+ m>ri$ life 9 ! ye>s be=e ! w> is /ill op]at+ ) l effect1 or :e!r ! full tide ( emotion 9 :i* ! _w has be5 lately subm]g$ may h swept at lea/ a "p ( x away4 ,we are deal+ "h1 h[ev]1 n s mu* ) modifications 9 ! _s ( ! times1 z ) prev5tion 9 ! individual case4 ,"o v fundam5tal claim c be made conc]n+ m>ital %ipwrecks2 namely1 t ! way to prev5t _m ( !m w\ld h be5 to see t ! m>riage nev] 0 all[$ to take place4 ,m>riage laws & _! en=cem5t =m a :ole subject 9 !mselves :i* is n[ receiv+ c>eful /udy1 ! results ( :i* %\ld be available %ortly4#eb ,?is fact precludes any discussion ( ! subject "h1 ?\gh ! relation ( our m>riage laws to m>ital discord is s obvi\s t "s m5tion ( ! matt] is necess>y4 ,x 0 =m]ly ! belief ( /ud5ts ( family des]tion t ! be/ way to prev5t des]tions 0 to puni% !m quickly & sev]ely4 ,x %\ld be said t ?is plan has nev] receiv$ a fair trial on a l>ge scale1 = legal equipm5t has always lagg$ beh9d k4 ,x may be true t j z a community c1 )9 limits1 regulate its dea? rate by :at x is will+ to pay1 s x c by repressive measures regulate its des]tion rate4 ,b measures t keep ! w\ld-be des]t] 9 ! home :i* con/antly gr[s less ( a home1 simply ?r\gh fe> ( consequ5ces if he left x1 seem h>dly a desirable =m ( prev5tion f ! social po9t ( view4 ,x w\ld be mu* bett] to cat* ! dis9tegrat+ family 9 :atev] =m ( social drag-net c\ld be devis$1 & deal ) x individually & con/ructively along ! l9es :i* case "w has laid d[n4 ,is x possible1 h[ev]1 to recognize a pre-des]tion /ate8 ,& if s1 :at are ! dang] signals8 ,"o case work] answ]s ?is "q s5t5ti\sly3 ,any influ5ces :i* t5d to de/roy family solid>ity are possible signs ( des]tion4 ,ano!r writes3 ,we h sometimes f\nd x possible to recognize a 'pre-des]tion /ate' 9 ! int]mitt5t des]t]1 :]e we "k ! conditions :i* previ\sly l$ to des]tion1 b ,i d\bt :e!r we h v (t5 be5 able to note x 9 ! case ( fir/ des]tions4 ,9 g5]al1 ,i %\ld say a gr[+ c>elessness or a gr[+ despond5cy z to 8 ability to c>e = 8 family are dang] signals 9 ! man1 ( :i* x is well to keep track4 ,! conditions li/$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii z contributory factors might 9 c]ta9 comb9ations be decid$ dang] signals ( imp5d+ des]tion4 ,non-support itself is1 inde$1 "o ( ! mo/ common ( su* signals1 ?\gh a man :o has dealt ) hundr$s ( des]tion cases ma9ta9$ rec5tly t ! be/ & mo/ hopeful type ( des]t] is ! "o :o supports 8 family adequately up to ! "t ( leav+ home4 ,9 ! foll[+ case ! items t l$ ! case work] to suspect an approa*+ des]tion are set d[n 9 ! ord] /at$ by h]4 ,! c\ple 7 ,iri%2 ! man _h nev] des]t$ be=e4 7#a7 ,he _h spok5 ) eag]ness ( ! wages t 7 be+ e>n$ 9 munition plants 9 a city a few h\rs away--said he w\ld l to g to "s ( ^? munition places & see :at he c\ld make4 7#b7 ,he 0 an int]mitt5t dr9k]4 7#c7 ,8 "w record 0 poor2 employ]s said he 0 irregul> & unreliable4 7#d7 ,visitor felt he _h nev] e>n$ z mu* z he 0 easily capable ( e>n+ & 0 r indiff]5t to ! ne$s ( 8 family4 7#e7 ,! woman 0 will+ to "w--_h appli$ = day nurs]y c>e1 b visitor _h p]suad$ ! nurs]y n to accept ! *ildr54 ,aft] ! visitor _h /at$ ! fir/ two ( ! above items %e /opp$1 & did n add ! m significant ?ree t foll[$ until rem9d$ t _m workm5 :o drank int]mitt5tly 7 at t "t ?9k+ envi\sly ( munition factory wages2 & t ^! h>dly con/itut$ dang] signals4 ,! cumulative effect ( all five items _c1 h[ev]1 be d5i$4 ,ano!r /atem5t1 simil>ly obta9$1 conc]ns a color$ c\ple1 m>ri$ ab\t two ye>s & ) two *ildr51 ! y\nge/ less ?an a mon? old4 ,man _h be5 out ( "w & family _h gone to live ) relatives4 7#a7 ,man e>ns #bj a week b refuses to />t h\sekeep+ aga91 al?\gh !y are s]i\sly ov]cr[d$--sev5 adults & five *ildr5 9 five rooms4 7#b7 ,woman says he makes h] sleep on *airs s t he c get bett] re/4 7#c7 ,he is see+ a good deal ( ano!r woman1 a fri5d ( ! wife 7wife's /atem5t only74 7#d7 ,woman _h appli$ = nurs]y c>e = bo? *ildr5 s t %e might g to "w4 7#e7 ,x transpires t %e liv$ ) him be=e m>riage1 & t ! fir/ *ild 0 a mon? old :5 ! m>riage took place4 ,he holds x ov] h]4 7#f7 ,man _h be5 m>ri$ be=e & divorc$4 7#g7 ,! family's habits ( recreation are *ang$2 ! man no long] takes h] out4 ,su* attempts to =etell ! future are n infallible1 ( c\rse2 b a li/+ process is a valuable aid to diagnosis1 &1 by its help1 a situation may be uncov]$ :i* t5ds t[>d complete family breakd[n4 ,?is may be tak5 9 "t & prev5t$2 or1 if sep>ation is inevitable x c be prep>$ = 9 advance1 ! necess>y legal arrangem5ts c be made to protect ! family1 & ! anxiety1 susp5se1 & useless ef=t avoid$ :i* a sudd5 & d[nright ab&onm5t w\ld cause4 ,b ! tr\ble is t ! problem seldom comes to ! case work] until matt]s h progress$ f>!r ?an ?is4 ,! real "q is--n h[ to recognize pre-des]tion symptoms1 b h[ to get hold ( families :5 ^! symptoms are 9 ! incipi5t /age4 ,mr4 ,hiram ,my]s1 manag] ( ! ,des]tion ,bureau ( ! ,new ,york ,association = ,improv+ ! ,condition ( ! ,poor1 :o has made a close /udy ( ! subject1 holds ! !ory t ! real p]iod ( /ress 9 m>ital adju/m5t comes n dur+ ! critical fir/ ye>1 ab\t :i* we h be5 told s mu*1 b at a lat] p]iod1 :i* he sets r\ghly at f ! ?ird to ! fif? ye> aft] m>riage4 ,by ?is "t !re are usually "o or two babies1 ! wife's girli% *>m has gone1 & ! romance ( ! fir/ attraction has vani%$1 :ile ! /eady =ce ( conjugal affection :i* %\ld smoo? _! pa? ?r\gh ! ye>s ahead has n come to take its place4 ,x is 9 ?is middle p]iod t long+s = ! delights ( 8 c>e-free y\? beg9 to come back to a man2 if he ev] _h ! w&]+ foot1 x beg9s aga9 to twit* = ! road2 ( else 8 fancy is captur$ by "s o!r girl n ti$ d[n at home by *ildr54 ,x is at ?is "t1 too1 t endless discords & misund]/&+s arise--t ! la/ bit ( gilt crumbles (f ! g+]bread4 ,z a result ( 8 obs]vations1 ,mr4 ,my]s feels sure t ! majority ( fir/ des]tions take place some:]e f ! ?ird to ! fif? ye> aft] m>riage4 ,miss ,br&t's#ec c>eful /ati/ical /udy ( #egd des]t$ families %[s t 9 ne>ly #df p] c5t ( ! families ! fir/ des]tion took place be=e ! fif? ye> ( m>ri$ life4 ,( c\rse ! j>s t may come 9 ! e>li] mon?s ( m>riage are seldom br\ght to ! att5tion ( social ag5cies1 z x is usually ! pres5ce ( *ildr5 9 ! family & ! consequ5t burd5 ^u ! wife :i* make su* ag5cies acqua9t$ ) h]4 ,x is to be hop$ t fur!r /udy w be made ^u ^! po9ts4 ,x is well kn[n & accept$ t ! majority ( fir/ des]t]s are "y m52 b if c]ta9 dang] p]iods 9 m>ri$ life c be def9itely recogniz$1 _m new possibilities 9 prev5tion & treatm5t w be op5$ up4 ,a numb] ( exp]im5ts & sugge/ions h lately be5 made :i* may prove to be ! means ( recogniz+ m>ital tr\bles e>ly4 ,! probation dep>tm5t ( ! ,*icago ,c\rt ( ,dome/ic ,relations "s ye>s ago e/abli%$ a consultation bureau to :i* p might come or be s5t = advice on difficult matrimonial situations1 & )\t any c\rt record be+ made4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,*>ities ( ,new ,york ,city ma9ta9s a simil> bureau :i* is1 h[ev]1 s closely connect$ ) ! c\rt t its cli5ts make little di/9ction betwe5 !m4 ,9 addition to su* consci\s ef=ts to rea* out aft] m>ital tangles 9 ! pre-c\rt /age1 !re has rec5tly be5 an int]e/+ ?\gh accid5tal developm5t 9 ! city ( ,clevel&4 ,dur+ ! ?rift campaign ( #aiah1 sev]al sav+s banks ( t city conceiv$ ! idea t _! depositors c\ld be induc$ & help$ to save m money if ! banks op5$ a bureau = free advice to _! patrons on h\sehold managem5t4 ,?is bureau is /ill 9 ! exp]im5tal /age b x has _h an increas+ cli5tele s f>4 ,"o ?+ t has a/oni%$ its managem5t--b :i* causes no surprise 9 ! m9d ( a social work]--has be5 ! great v>iety ( problems o!r ?an ^? connect$ ) ! family budget t h come to light 9 ! bureau's consultations4 ,p>ticul>ly is ?is true ( m>ital discord c5t]+ ab\t money affairs4 ,if su* bureaus prove _! usefulness !re is no reason :y !y might n be greatly ext5d$1 & :y o!r ag5cies ?an banks 7insurance companies1 = example7 might n be eag] ?us to s]ve _! cu/om]s4 ,?is op5s a new field = ! home economi/1 b incid5tally x w\ld appe> t1 9 ord] to function successfully1 su* bureaus w\ld ne$ to h access to ! s]vices ( ag5cies employ+ highly skill$ social case work]s4 ,x is conceivable t1 if !re are develop$ 9 our l>ge cities consultation facilities "u social auspices = p :o feel _! m>riages go+ wrong1 & want help & advice 9 right+ !m1 su* bureaus z ^? describ$ above w\ld be excell5t fe$]s = ?is new =m ( social s]vice4 ,family social ag5cies h be5 di/9ctly backw>d 9 "s ( _! approa*es to ! fundam5tal problems ( family life4 ,! failure ( mo/ ( !m1 = in/ance1 to /udy or seek improvem5ts 9 ! laws gov]n+ m>riage or 9 _! adm9i/ration1 is difficult ( explanation4 ,su* a consultation s]vice z t sugge/$ does1 h[ev]1 indicate a new po9t ( dep>ture 9 deal+ ) m>ital relations :i* w\ld seem to fall di/9ctly )9 ! field ( ! family case "w ag5cies4 ,x is "t t ^! ag5cies began to f9d means ( deal+1 n ) ! dep5d5t family alone b ) ! family 9 dang] ( becom+ dep5d5t--n ) ! family brok5 & e/rang$ only1 b ) ! "o ^: bonds1 ev5 if crack+ & ill-adju/$1 /ill hold4 ,concretely1 :y %\ld n family ag5cies e/abli% su* consultation bureaus z h j be5 m5tion$1 di/9ct f _! regul> activities & hamp]$ by no sugge/ion 9 _! title ( association ) problems ( dep5d5cy8 ,dr4 ,william ,healy ( ,bo/on ascribes mu* ( 8 success 9 gett+ ! p>5ts ( defective & backw>d *ildr5 to br+ !m volunt>ily = exam9ation to ! fact t ! "n ( 8 organization 7! ,judge ,bak] ,f\ndation7 conveys no h9t ( /igma or inf]iority4 ,"h is a valuable lesson 9 "r publicity4 ,a bureau ( family advice su* z has be5 sugge/$ %\ld be "u unimpea*able auspices f ! po9t ( view ( m$ic9e & psy*iatry2 x %\ld h ! s]vices n only ( exp]t social work]s & exp]ts 9 h\sehold managem5t1 b ( doctors & psy*iatri/s z well4 ,if x c\ld be run z a jo9t-/ock ent]prise1 9 :i* c\rts & social ag5cies might be equally int]e/$1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,its inve/igations %\ld be se>*+ en\gh to disc\rage applications f curiosity-mong]s2 b its s]vices1 l ^? ( any cl9ic1 %\ld be giv5 = :atev] ! pati5t is able to pay4 ,its relations1 ne$less to say1 %\ld be entirely confid5tial1 & z privileg$ 9 ! eyes ( ! law z are ^? ( doctor1 lawy]1 & prie/4 ,x may be object$ t p gu>d _! m>ital infelicities too jeal\sly & are too loa? to discuss !m to come will+ly to su* a place2 t ! idea involves a presumptu\s int]f]5ce 9 ! private lives ( individuals4 ,b neurologi/s "k t p 9 increas+ numb]s feel ! ne$1 "u conditions ( mod]n /ress1 = a safe outlet & a *ance to discuss _! p]plexities & f9d c\nsel4 ,fifty ye>s ago ! int]e/ n[ tak5 by ! social & m$ical pr(essions 9 ! "q ( :e!r mo!rs are re>+ _! infants prop]ly c\ld n h be5 =ese54 ,! e/abli%m5t ( baby heal? /ations1 or ! activities ( ! ,*ildr5's ,bureau1 w\ld h be5 look$ ^u z unw>rant$ int]f]5ce betwe5 ! *ild & its "m1 ^: natural in/9cts c\ld be dep5d$ ^u to tea* h] h[ to n\ri% x4 ,?is po9t ( view is no long] held2 & ! community's duty to take an int]e/ 9 ! upbr++ ( its *ildr5 is nev] que/ion$4 ,is x n conceivable t1 be=e ano!r half c5tury has roll$ ar\nd1 ! community may take ! same intellig5t int]e/ 9 ! cons]vation ( ! family1 & t def9ite ef=ts1 :i* are n[ almo/ entirely lack+1 may be made to /abilize & protect x8 ,educational propag&a w\ld1 ( c\rse1 h to be a def9ite "p ( ! "w ( su* bureaus4 ,by ?is is meant n su* mod]n specialties z bir? control1 sex hygi5e1 et al41 ?\gh we may by t "t h en\gh au?oritative in=mation ab\t sex psy*ology 9 m>riage to be able to af=d "s help along ^! l9es4 ,in/ruction 9 ! e?ics ( m>ri$ life & p>5?ood is ( ev5 m fundam5tal importance4 ,! prevail+ cynicism1 ! pres5t l[ concepts ( m>riage1 %\ld be vigor\sly combatt$ by su* an organization4 ,religi\s in/ruction w\ld be1 ( c\rse1 beyond its scope2 b x %\ld be able to "w sympa!tically ) all cre$s1 supplem5t+ _! tea*+s )\t seek+ to duplicate !m4 ,! s]vices ( su* a bureau c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 be =c$ ^u anyone :o did n wi% to avail himself or h]self ( !m2 b def9ite ?\gh tactful ef=ts c\ld be made to rea* all "y c\ples 7j z are n[ be+ made to rea* "y mo!rs7 ) in=mation z to :]e advice c\ld be obta9$4 ,no tru/wor?y figures exi/ z to ! numb] ( families brok5 by des]tion or divorce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or z to ! burd5 ( actual dep5d5cy caus$4 ,c\rts1 probation (fic]s1 psy*iatri/s1 & family case work]s are all dissatisfi$ ) our ef=ts to pat* up ! families :i* are already dis9tegrat+4 ,"o ( ! ?ree gr\ps m5tion$ is likely be=e long to attempt "s m dynamic attack ^u ! problem 9 its inception4 ,if any sugge/ions h]e9 conta9$ f9d use 9 t program1 ! labor ( compil+ !m w h be5 inde$ well sp5t4 ,,footnotes3 #eb ,see1 = example1 ,am]ican ,m>riage ,laws 9 _! ,social ,aspects--a prelim9>y /udy by ! ,russell ,sage ,f\ndation1 ,june1 #aiai4 #ec ,br&t1 ,lilian3 #egd ,des]t]s & _! ,families1 p4 #bc4 ,*>ity ,organization ,society ( ,new ,york1 #aije4 ,,index ,adolph ,r43 case /ory (1 #fi-gj1 #hc ,age3 relation ( diff]5ces 91 #bg ,ag5cies3 ,n4,y4 ,*>ity ,organization ,society1 #dd2 ,national ,des]tion ,bureau1 #fe1 #fi1 #ga4 #aja2 ,unit$ ,hebrew ,*>ities1 #ga2 co-op]ative me?ods1 #gb-gh1 #hd1 #hf-ij2 op9ions on me?ods ( arre/1 #gg1 #gh2 ,n4,y4 ,association = ,improv+ ,condition ( ! ,poor1 #acf2 social problems & consultation bureaus1 #aie-aii ,alcoholism3 /ati/ics on1 #bb2 deva/at+ effects (1 #db2 case /ory ( woman1 #eg-fa2 & ju/ifiable des]t]s1 #aaa-aad2 relation to non-support1 #aef ,am]ican ,m>riage ,laws 9 _! 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man ess5tial1 #eg-fa2 lib]al relief policy1 #fb2 ag5cy co-op]ation1 #fi1 #ge1 #hb1 #hc1 #hd2 accid5t case1 #gi2 trac$ ?r\gh lett]1 #ha2 reconciliation aft] c\rt m>riage1 #ie2 ,am]ican m>riages1 #ii2 ju/ifiable des]tion1 #aaa1 #aab-aad2 antagonism1 #aaa-aab2 prison s5t5ces helpful1 #aba1 #abb2 adequate relief rids wife ( *ronic des]t]1 #aca2 adju/m5t impossible1 #acd2 real affection a basis ( reconciliation1 #ace2 rehabilitation ( a des]t]1 #acg2 wife reluctant to return to man :o re=m$1 #ada2 non-support & ill-kept homes1 #aec2 re-e/abli%+ non-support]s' homes1 #aeh1 #afj1 #afa-afc2 inadequate c\rt ord]s1 #agb1 #agc ,case "w1 see ,social work]s ,causal factors3 analysis ( /udy1 #aj1 #ae2 motives & !ories1 #ag-di2 rationalization discuss$1 #ag-bb2 summ>y ( /ati/ics1 #ba-bb1 #bf-bg1 #de2 feeble-m9d$ness1 #bd-be2 tra9+ & self-control1 #be-bf2 nationality1 #bf-bg2 religion1 #bg2 age1 #bg2 environm5t1 #bg-bh2 wrong basis ( m>riage1 #bh2 common law m>riage1 #bi2 ignorance1 #bi2 incompet5ce1 #ca2 w&]lu/1 #cb2 inadequate income1 #cb2 f9ancial mismanagem5t1 #cc2 physical condition1 #cd-ce2 temp]am5tal diff]5ces1 #cf2 sex incompatibility1 #cg-ci2 vice & disease1 #ci-dc2 relatives1 int]f]5ce (1 #dc-dd2 racial /udies1 #dd-de2 community /&>ds1 #de-df2 recreation1 #dg2 companions1 influ5ce (1 #dh2 %ift+ responsibility1 #dh2 und]ly+ causes1 #di2 seek+ a work+ basis1 #ia-aje ,*>itable relief3 des]tion 9 expectation (1 #dh1 #fa2 ,m>y ,bre$ on1 #fa2 immigrant's int]pretation (1 #ii-ajj4 ,see also ,collusion ,*icago ,c\rt ( ,dome/ic ,relations1 bureau = m>ital advice1 #aic ,*icago ,juv5ile ,protective ,association3 /udy ( =c$ m>riages by1 #id-ie ,*ildr5's ,bureau1 #aig ,clos+ ! case3 ext5d$ treatm5t recomm5d$1 #fc ,colcord1 ,j4,c41 #fa1 #ajd1 #acc ,coll9s1 ,c4,f41 #ahj ,collusion3 infrequ5cy (1 #eb1 #gj2 case /ories (1 #ga1 #gb2 /ati/ics ( ,national ,des]tion ,bureau1 #ga2 prev5tive measures1 #gc-hj ,common law m>riages3 legal protection "u1 #bi2 confusion ( /ate laws1 #ih ,community ideals1 see ,/&>ds ,companions3 influ5ce1 & w&]lu/1 #dg-dh2 aid 9 f9d+ des]t]s1 #gg1 #hj ,co-op]ation ( ag5cies1 #fh-gh1 #hd1 #hf-ij2 sugge/$ me?ods ( f9d+ des]t]s1 #gh-ij2 probation (fic]s1 #aaf1 #abb-abd ,corrective treatm5t3 legislative recomm5dations1 #afd-ahd2 milit>y sy/ems aid 9 trac+ des]t]s1 #afe-aff2 ob/acles1 #afg2 s]v+ a w>rant or summons1 #afh2 extradition treaties recomm5d$1 #afi2 dep5d5cy ?r\gh emigration1 report on1 #agj2 deportation laws1 #aga2 c\rt ord]s to pay1 ,seyb]t ,in/itution report on1 #agb-agg2 special c\rts = juv5ile del9qu5ts1 #agg1 #agh1 #agi2 ,family ,c\rt ( ,c9c9nati1 #agh2 dome/ic relations c\rt1 #agh1 #agi-ahj1 #aha-ahb2 probation (fic]s1 #ahb-ahd ,c\rt int]v5tion3 policy ( treatm5t 9 pa/1 #ej-ea2 reasons1 & laxity ( laws1 #ea-eb2 social ag5cy /ati/ics1 #eb2 a la/ resort1 #ec-ed2 effect (1 #ee1 #ie2 = p]si/5t des]t]s1 #aad-aag2 extradition1 #aag-aai2 probation1 #aai-abd2 w>rant s]v$ by wife1 #abg2 effect+ reconciliations1 #acb-adj2 dome/ic relation c\rts effect reconciliations1 #acb2 volunte]s1 #aci-adj2 inadequacy ( ord]s1 #agb-agg2 = juv5ile del9qu5ts1 #agh1 #aha2 dome/ic relations1 #agi-ahb1 #aic ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,*>ities1 ,new ,york ,city1 bureau ( dome/ic relations1 #aic ,des]t]s & _! 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man1 #fg2 ,c4,c4 ,c>/5s quot$1 #fh2 example (1 #fi-gj2 collusion1 in/ances (1 #gj-gc2 lit]ature lack+1 #gd2 detective me?ods1 illu/ration (1 #gd-gg2 sugge/ions =1 #gh-hj2 ?r\gh milit>y au?orities1 #ha-hb2 trade places1 #hb-hc2 publications1 #hc1 #hd1 #he2 bullet9 bo>ds1 #hd2 employm5t ag5cies1 #hd2 ag5cy co-op]ation1 #hf-ij ,fir/ des]tions3 tempor>y "* (1 #h2 m$ical-social "w a prev5tive1 #i2 accid5t records aid 9 trac+1 #gi2 critical nature (1 #ia2 :5 apt to occur1 #aia-aib ,fir/ problem 9 des]tion1 #fg1 #ia ,=c$ m>riages3 irregul> unions1 #bh2 inve/igation (1 & /ati/ics1 #ib-if2 /udy by ,*icago ,juv5ile ,protective ,association1 #id2 case illu/rations1 #ie-if ,=el1 ,augu/1 #ci ,francis1 ,mrs43 case /ory (1 #aca ,fro/1 ,rob]t1 #ad ,gambl+3 effect ^u "*1 #dc2 relation to non-support1 #aef ,glasg[ ,p>i% ,c\ncil1 report on dep5d5cy1 #agj-aga ,goodsell1 ,willy/9e1 #aa ,gorokh(f1 ,&reas3 case /ory (1 #aba ,gray1 ,aleck3 case /ory (1 #afa-afc ,h>t1 ,b]n>d1 #bj ,healy1 ,dr4 ,william1 #aif ,h]$ity3 psy*opa?ic p]sonality1 #bd2 feeble-m9d$ness1 #be2 racial diff]5ces1 #bf-bh ,h(fman1 ,*>les ,w41 #agh1 #aha ,illu/rations1 see ,case illu/rations ,immorality1 see ,sex factors ,inadequate relief3 legal sep>ation1 & ! law1 #abh2 wife's attitude1 #acj2 illu/rat$1 #aca2 c\rt ord]s1 inconsi/5cy (1 #agb-agf2 rec5t legislation to correct1 #agg4 ,see also ,non-support ,income3 economic issues1 #ba1 #bb1 #cj2 wages & non-support1 #cb-cc ,incompatibility3 temp]am5tal diff]5ces1 #cf2 sex relations1 #cg-ci1 #dj ,indu/rial defici5cy3 9 husb& & wife1 #be1 #ca2 national regi/ration to correct1 #aff ,insanity3 /udy ( defectives1 #bj1 #bd ,insanity1 ,! ,psy*ology (4 ,b]n>d ,h>t1 #bj ,in/ability3 =ms (1 m5tal & physical1 #ag-bb2 factors t induce1 #bd-dc1 #dg-di ,int]mitt5t husb&s1 #dc1 #aec ,int]view+ ! man3 importance (1 #ee-eg1 #aje2 case /ory1 #eg-fa ,italy3 m>riage regi/ration 91 #ajj ,judge ,bak] ,f\ndation1 ( ,bo/on1 #aif ,ju/ifiable des]t]s3 & alcoholism1 #db2 case illu/ration1 #eg-fa1 #aaa2 proc$ure )1 #aab ,ju/ification3 ?ir/ = exp]i5ce1 #i1 #ai2 process ( rationalization1 #bj2 v5]eal disease & sep>ation1 #da2 alcohol1 & ju/ifiable des]t]s1 #db2 ,williams case illu/rates1 #eg-fa1 #aaa2 & ! non-support]1 #aeb-aed ,juv5ile c\rts3 movem5t = special1 #agg1 #agh2 ,juv5ile ,c\rt ,act1 #agh2 comb9e ) dome/ic relation c\rts1 #agh2 ,family ,c\rt ( ,c9c9nati1 #agh2 facilities1 #aha ,lafl91 ,mrs43 case /ory (1 #aee ,la?am1 ,george3 case /ory (1 #acg ,legal sep>ation to protect wife1 #abg-abi ,legislation3 irregul> unions1 #bi1 #ih2 pione]+ me?ods1 #ej-eb2 /ate aid to mo!rs1 #fc2 common law unions1 legality (1 #ih1 #aja2 ,italian1 #ajj2 divorce = p]man5t des]tion1 #aaj2 = ju/ifiable des]t]s1 #aaa-aab2 c\rt action = p]si/5t des]t]s1 #aad-aag2 extradition1 #aag-aai1 #abi2 probation1 #abj-abd2 legal facilities to promote effici5cy1 #afd-ahd2 s]v+ a w>rant1 #afh2 extradition treaties1 #afi-agj2 deportation1 #aga2 c\rt proc$ure1 #agb-agg2 juv5ile del9qu5cy1 #agg1 #agh1 #ahj2 dome/ic relations1 & special c\rts1 #agg1 #agh1 #agi1 #ahj-ahb2 m>riage laws1 #ahf1 #aie ,loane1 ,m41 #aed ,long1 ,m>t93 case /ory (1 #ada ,mak+ ! ,des]t] ,pay ! ,pip]4 ,w4,h4 ,baldw91 #agg ,manc9i1 ,on(rio3 case /ory (1 #agb ,m>ital vag>ies3 possible reasons =1 #ce ,m>riage3 spiritual values (1 #aa1 #ab1 #bi2 homeli] elem5ts 91 #ac-ae2 wrong bases (1 #bh2 common law unions1 #bi2 disp>agem5t ( ideals condemn$1 #de-df1 #aih2 v]ification1 & /ate legislation1 #ih-ajj2 regi/ration 9 ,italy1 #ajj2 ,am]ican m>riage laws1 #ahf ,mc,cann1 ,h]b]t3 case /ory (1 #hd-he1 #hf ,m$ical-social "w3 prev5t+ des]tion1 #i2 summ>y ( case analyses1 #bb2 psy*iatry & m5tal defici5cy1 #bd2 physical debility1 #cd2 pregnancy des]tion1 #cd-ce2 sex incompatibility1 #cg-ci2 bureaus ( advice recomm5d$1 #aic-aif4 ,see also ,psy*ology ,mellor1 ,joseph3 case /ory (1 #aaa ,m5tality3 irresponsible ag5ts1 #ag-bj2 psy*ology ( insanity1 #bj1 #bd2 educational h&icaps1 #bi ,mexico3 & extradition1 #aai1 #agj ,morgan1 ,*>les3 case /ory (1 #adg-adh ,motion1 ,j4,r41 #aga ,my]s1 ,hiram1 #aia1 #aib ,n>cotics3 p]c5tage ( influ5ce1 #bb1 #db ,nationality3 /ati/ical facts ab\t diff]5ce 91 #bf-bg1 #dd-de2 racial attitude1 & p]c5tages ( des]t]s1 #dd-de2 case problem1 #di2 ,jewi% des]tion bureau1 #fe1 #fi1 #ga1 #aja-ajb ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,jewi% ,*>ities1 seeks extradition treaty1 #afi ,national ,conf]5ce ( ,social ,"w1 extradition treaty urg$1 #afi ,national ,des]tion ,bureau1 ,jewi% legal aid1 #fe2 /ory ( trac+ a des]t]1 #fi-gj2 collusive des]tion cases1 #ga2 cle>+ bureau e/abli%$1 #aja-ajb ,neighborhood influ5ce1 see ,/&>ds ,newspap]s1 see ,publicity ,new ,york ,association = ,improv+ ! ,condition ( ! ,poor3 practice ( ,des]tion ,bureau1 #acf ,new ,york ,*>ity ,organization ,society3 /udy ( racial gr\ps1 & p]c5tages1 #dd-de ,new ,york ,/ate ,conf]5ce ( ,*>ities & ,correction1 ,proce$+s1 on non-support]s1 #aej ,non-support]s3 z pot5tial des]t]s1 #adi-afc2 legal treatm5t (1 #adi-aej2 analog\s to des]t]s1 #aej-aec1 #ahh2 *>act]i/ics1 #aea1 #ahi1 #aij2 wife's influ5ce a factor1 #aeb-aed2 illu/rations1 #aee1 #aeh1 #afj2 reclamation1 illu/rat$1 #afa-afc2 approa* to des]tion1 #ahh-aia ,non-support ,law3 9 ,massa*usetts1 #adi-aej ,normal ,family1 ,!4 ,m>g>et ,f4 ,by+ton1 #ab ,nor? 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