,,works999999         ,,john ,,/u>t     
,,mill3 ,,8 ,,life ,,& ,,works  ,twelve 
,sket*es by  ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,h5ry       
,fawcett1 ,fr$]ic ,h>rison1 & ,o!r      
,di/+ui%$ ,au?ors  ,bo/on3 ,james ,r    
,osgood & ,company 7,late ,ticknor      
,field & ,fields ,osgood1  ,co47  #ahgc 
,,cont5ts4  ,,john ,,/u>t ,,mill     ,i4
 ,a ,,sket* ,,( ,,8 ,,life4          ,h4
 ,r4 ,fox ,b\rne    ,,ii4 ,,8 ,,c>e] ,,9
 ,,! ,,india ,,h\se4          ,w4 ,t4   
,?ornton   ,,iii4 ,,8 ,,moral ,,"*4     
,h]b]t ,sp5c]    ,,iv4 ,,8 ,,botanical  
,,/udies4          ,h5ry ,trim5     ,v4 
,,8 ,,place ,,z ,a ,,critic4            
,w4 ,m9to    ,,vi4 ,,8 ,,"w ,,9         
,,philosophy4          ,j4 ,h4 ,levy    
,,vii4 ,,8 ,,/udies ,,9 ,,morals ,,&    
,,jurisprud5ce4          ,w4 ,a4 ,hunt] 
,,viii4 ,,8 ,,"w ,,9 ,,political        
,,economy4          ,j4 ,e4 ,cairnes    
,,ix4 ,,8 ,,influ5ce ,,at ,,!           
,,univ]sities4          ,h5ry ,fawcett  
,x4 ,,8 ,,influ5ce ,,z ,a ,,practical   
,,politician4          ,millic5t ,g>rett

 ,fawcett    ,,xi4 ,,8 ,,relation ,,to  
,,positivism4          ,fr$]ic ,h>rison 
,,xii4 ,,8 ,,position ,,z ,a            
,,philosoph]4          ,w4 ,a4 ,hunt]   
,i4  ,a ,,sket* ,,( ,,8 ,,life   ,john  
,/u>t ,mill 0 born on ! #bj? ( ,may1    
#ahjf4 ,i am glad1 wrote ,george ,grote 
to him 9 #ahfe1 ) ref]5ce to a =?com+   
article on 8 ,exam9ation ( ,sir ,william
 ,hamilton's ,philosophy1 to get an     
opportunity ( say+ :at ,i ?9k ab\t y\r  
',sy/em ( ,logic' & ',essay on ,lib]ty1'
 b ,i am /ill m glad to get 7or p]haps  
to make7 an opportunity ( say+ some?+   
ab\t y\r fa!r4 ,x has always rankl$ 9 my
 ?\ghts t s gr& & p[]ful a m9d z 8 left 
beh9d x su* insuffici5t traces 9 !      
e/imation ( successors4 ,t regret 0     
natural4 ,! gr& & p[]ful m9d ( ,james   
,mill left v notable traces1 h[ev]1 9 ! 
philosophical lit]ature ( 8 c\ntry1 & 9 
! tra9+ ( ! son :o 0 to c>ry on 8 "w1 & 
to be ! mo/ influ5tial tea*] 9 a new    
s*ool ( ?\ght & action1 by :i* society  
is likely to be revolutioniz$ f> m ?an x

 has be5 by any o!r ag5cy s9ce ! p]iod (
 ,erasmus & ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,james ,mill 0 
some?+ m ?an ! disciple ( ,b5?am &      
,ric>do4 ,he 0 a pr(\nd & orig9al       
philosoph]1 ^: dep? & bread? ( /udy 7   
all ! m rem>kable because 8 ?\ghts 7    
develop$ & 8 k 0 acquir$ ma9ly by 8 own 
ex]tions4 ,he _h be5 help$ out ( !      
humble life into :i* he _h be5 born by  
,sir ,john ,/u>t1 :o assi/$ him to att5d
 ! lectures ( ,dugald ,/ew>t & o!rs at  
,ed9burgh ) a view to 8 becom+ a m9i/] 9
 ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,soon f9d+ t call+  
di/a/eful to him1 he _h1 9 or ne> ! ye> 
#ahjj1 settl$ 9 ,london z a j\rnali/1   
resolv$ by ephem]al "w to e>n en\gh     
money to ma9ta9 him & 8 family 9 humble 
ways :ile he sp5t 8 be/ en]gies 9 ! m   
s]i\s pursuits to :i* he 0 devot$4 ,8   
tal5ts soon made him fri5ds1 & ! greate/
 ( ^! 0 ,j]emy ,b5?am4  ,z errone\s     
op9ions h be5 curr5t z to ! relations   
betwe5 ,b5?am & ,james ,mill & h lately 
be5 repeat$ 9 m ?an "o newspap]1 x may  
be well "h to call att5tion to !        

contradiction ( !m t 0 publi%$ by ! son 
( ! latt] 9 ,! ,ed9burgh ,review =      
#ahdd4 ,mr4 ,mill & 8 family1 we !re    
read1 liv$ ) ,mr4 ,b5?am = half ( f\r   
ye>s at ,=d ,abbey1--t is1 betwe5 #ahad 
& #ahag1--;& !y pass$ small portions (  
previ\s summ]s ) him at ,b>r[ ,gre54 ,8 
la/ visit to ,b>r[ ,gre5 0 ( n m ?an a  
mon?'s duration1 & ! previ\s ones all   
toge!r did n ext5d to m ?an six mon?s1  
or sev5 at mo/4 ,! pecuni>y b5efit :i*  
,mr4 ,mill d]iv$ f 8 intimacy ) ,b5?am  
consi/$ 9 ?is1--t he & 8 family liv$ )  
him z 8 gue/s1 :ile he 0 9 ! c\ntry1    
p]iods am\nt+ 9 all to ab\t two ye>s & a
 half4 ,i h no reason to ?9k t 8        
hospitality 0 ei!r giv5 or accept$ z    
pecuni>y assi/ance1 & ,i w add t !      
obligation 0 n exclusively on "o side4  
,b5?am 0 n !n1 z he 0 aft]w>ds1 surr\nd$
 by p]sons :o c\rt$ 8 society1 & 7 ev]  
ready to volunte] _! s]vices1 &1 to a   
man ( 8 seclud$ habits1 x 0 no little   
advantage to h ne> him su* a man z ,mr4 
,mill1 to ^: advice & aid he habitually 

_h rec\rse 9 all bus9ess transactions ) 
! outw>d _w ( a tr\blesome or irksome   
nature4 ,su* z ! connection 01 x 0 n (  
,mr4 ,mill's seek+4 ,on ! same          
unque/ionable au?ority we le>n1 t ,mr4  
,mill nev] 9 8 life 0 9 debt1 & 8       
income1 :atev] x might be1 always cov]$ 
8 exp5ses4 ,x is cle>1 t1 f ne> !       
comm5cem5t ( ! pres5t c5tury1 ,james    
,mill & ,b5?am liv$ = _m ye>s on t]ms ( 
great intimacy1 9 :i* ! poor] man 0     
?or\ghly indep5d5t1 al?\gh x suit$ ! o!r
 to make a fair return = ! s]vices r5d]$
 to him4 ,a v *>act]i/ic lett] is       
extant1 dat$ #ahad1 9 :i* ,james ,mill  
proposes t ! relations betwe5 him & 8   
de> fri5d & ma/] %all be to "s ext5t    
alt]$1 b only 9 ord] t _! common objects
 may be ! m fully s]v$4 ,9 reflect+1 he 
says1 ^u ! duty :i* we owe to our       
pr9ciples1--to t sy/em ( important tru?s
 ( :i* y h ! immortal honor to be !     
au?or1 b ( :i* ,i am a mo/ fai?ful &    
f]v5t disciple1 & hi!rto1 ,i h fanci$1  
my ma/]'s favorite disciple1--,i h      

consid]$ t !re 0 nobody at all s likely 
to be y\r real successor z myself4 ,(   
tal5ts x w\ld be easy to f9d _m sup]ior4
 ,b1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i h>dly "k (      
anybody :o has s completely tak5 up !   
pr9ciples1 & is s ?or\ghly ( ! same way 
( ?9k+ ) y\rself4 ,9 ! next place1 !re  
are v few :o h s mu* ( ! necess>y       
previ\s discipl9e1 my antec$5t ye>s hav+
 be5 :olly occupi$ 9 acquir+ x4 ,&1 9 ! 
la/ place1 ,i am pretty sure y _c ?9k ( 
any o!r p]son ^: :ole life w be devot$  
to ! propagation ( ! sy/em4 ,!re 0 dur+ 
! la/ few ye>s ( ,b5?am's life1 said    
,james ,mill's son1 less frequ5cy &     
cordiality ( int]c\rse ?an 9 =m] ye>s1  
*iefly because ,b5?am _h acquir$ new]1 &
 to him m agreeable intimacies1 b ,mr4  
,mill's feel+ nev] alt]$ t[>ds him1 nor 
did he ev] fail1 publicly or privately1 
9 giv+ due honor to ,b5?am's "n &       
ackn[l$gm5t ( ! intellectual debt he ow$
 to him4  ,^? extracts are made1 n only 
9 ju/ice to ! memory ( ,james ,mill1 b z
 a help t[>ds und]/&+ ! influ5ces by :i*

 8 son 0 surr\nd$ f 8 e>lie/ ye>s4      
,james ,mill 0 liv+ 9 a h\se at         
,p5tonville :5 ?is son 0 born1 & p>tly  
because ( ! peculi> abilities t ! boy   
display$ f ! fir/1 p>tly because he c\ld
 n af=d to procure = him else:]e su*    
tea*+ z he 0 able himself to give him1  
he took 8 education entirely into 8 own 
h&s4 ,) :at int]e/--ev5 jeal\s int]e/1 x
 w\ld seem--,b5?am wat*$ t education1   
appe>s f a pleasant little lett]        
address$ to him by ! eld] ,mill 9 #ahab4
 ,i am n go+ to die1 he wrote1 not)/&+  
y\r zeal to come 9 = a legacy4 ,h[ev]1  
if ,i 7 to die any "t be=e ?is poor boy 
is a man1 "o ( ! ?+s t w\ld p9* me mo/  
sorely w\ld be ! be+ oblig$ to leave 8  
m9d unmade to ! degree ( excell5ce ( :i*
 ,i hope to make x4 ,b ano!r ?+ is1 t ! 
only prospect :i* w\ld less5 t pa9 w\ld 
be ! leav+ him 9 y\r h&s4 ,i !re=e take 
y\r (f] q s]i\sly1 & /ipulate m]ely t x 
%all be made z soon z possible2 & !n we 
may p]haps leave him a successor wor?y (
 bo? ( u4 ,x 0 a bold hope1 b "o de/9$  

to be fully realiz$4 ,at ! "t ( its     
utt]ance1 ! poor boy 0 b>ely m ?an six  
ye>s old4 ,! intellectual p[]s ( :i* he 
gave su* e>ly pro( 7 c>efully1 b        
app>5tly n excessively1 cultivat$4 ,mrs4
 ,grote1 9 h] lately-publi%$ ,p]sonal   
,life ( ,george ,grote1 has describ$ him
 z he appe>$ 9 #ahag1 ! ye> 9 :i* h]    
husb& made ! acqua9tance ( 8 fa!r4 ,john
 ,/u>t ,mill1 !n a boy ( ab\t twelve    
ye>s old1--he 0 really only elev51--0   
/udy+1 ) 8 fa!r z sole preceptor1 "u !  
pat]nal ro(4 ,unque/ionably =w>d = 8    
ye>s1 & already possess$ ( a compet5t k 
( ,greek & ,lat91 z well z ( "s         
subord9ate ?\gh solid atta9m5ts1 ,john  
01 z a boy1 some:at repress$ by ! eld]  
,mill1 & seldom took any %>e 9 !        
conv]sation c>ri$ on by ! society       
frequ5t+ ! h\se4 ,x is p]haps n /range t
 a boy ( elev51 at any rate a boy :o 0  
to become s mode/ a man1 %\ld n take mu*
 "p 9 g5]al conv]sation2 & ,mr4 ,mill   
himself nev]1 9 ref]r+ to 8 fa!r1 l$ 8  
he>]s to suppose t he _h1 z a *ild1 be5 

9 any way unduly repress$ by him4 ,!    
t5d] affection ) :i* he always *]i%$ 8  
fa!r's memory 9 no way sanctions !      
belief t he 0 at any "t subject$ to     
unreasonable discipl9e4 ,by him 8 fa!r 0
 only rev]$ z ! be/ & k9de/ ( tea*]s4   
,!re 0 a break 9 ! home tea*+ 9 #ahbj4  
,james ,mill1 aft] be>+ bravely ) 8 e>ly
 difficulties1 _h acquir$ s mu* r5[n by 
8 fam\s ,hi/ory ( ,india1 t1 9 spite (  
its adv]se criticisms ( ! ,ea/-,india   
,company1 ! directors ( ! ,company 9    
#ahag honorably be/[$ ^u him a po/ 9 !  
,india ,h\se1 :]e he /eadily & rapidly  
rose to a position :i* enabl$ him to    
pass ! lat] ye>s ( 8 life 9 m com=t ?an 
_h hi!rto be5 )9 8 rea*4 ,! new         
employm5t1 h[ev]1 int]f]$ ) 8 o!r       
occupation z in/ructor to 8 boy2 & = ?is
 reason1 z well probably z = o!rs t5d+  
to 8 advancem5t1 ! lad 01 9 ! summ] (   
#ahbj1 s5t to ,france = a ye> & a half4 
,= sev]al mon?s he liv$ 9 ,p>is1 9 !    
h\se ( ,jean ,bapti/e ,say1 ! political 
economi/4 ,! re/ ( 8 "t 0 pass$ 9 !     

company ( ,sir ,samuel ,b5?am1 ,j]emy   
,b5?am's bro!r4 ,e>ly 9 #ahbb1 be=e he 0
 eighte51 he return$ to ,london1 soon to
 ent] ! ,india ,(fice z a cl]k 9 !      
dep>tm5t ( :i* 8 fa!r 0 *ief4 ,9 t (fice
 he rema9$ = five & ?irty ye>s1 acquitt+
 himself ) great ability1 & gradually   
ris+ to ! mo/ responsible position t    
c\ld be !re held by a subord9ate4  ,b1  
?\gh he 0 ?us e>ly />t$ 9 life z a city 
cl]k1 8 self-tra9+ & 8 education by 8   
fa!r 7 by no means ab&on$4 ,! anci5t &  
mod]n languages1 z well z ! v>i\s       
bran*es ( philosophy & philosophical    
?\ght 9 :i* he 0 aft]w>ds to atta9 su*  
em95ce1 7 /udi$ by him 9 ! e>ly morn+s1 
"u ! guidance ( 8 fa!r1 be=e go+ d[n to 
pass 8 days 9 ! ,india ,(fice4 ,dur+ !  
summ] ev5+s1 & on su* holidays z he c\ld
 get1 he began ^? p$e/rian exploits =   
:i* he aft]w>ds became fam\s1 & 9 :i* 8 
ma9 pleasure appe>s to h consi/$ 9      
collect+ plants & fl[]s 9 aid ( !       
botanical /udies t 7 8 favorite pa/ime1 
& some?+ m ?an a pa/ime1 all ?r\gh 8    

life4 ,8 fir/ pr9t$ writ+s are said to h
 be5 on botany1 9 ! %ape ( "s articles  
contribut$ to a sci5tific j\rnal :ile he
 0 /ill 9 8 te5s1 & x is probable1 t1   
c\ld !y n[ be detect$1 we %\ld f9d 9 o!r
 p]iodicals traces ( 8 "w1 at ne>ly if n
 q z e>ly a p]iod 9 o!r l9es ( /udy4 ,t 
he work$ e>ly & ) wond]ful ability 9 at 
lea/ "o v deep l9e1 appe>s f ! fact t   
:ile he 0 /ill only a lad1 ,j]emy ,b5?am
 intru/$ to him ! prep>ation = ! press1 
& ! supplem5t>y annotation1 ( 8         
,rationale ( ,judicial ,evid5ce4 ,t "w1 
= :i* he 0 highly comm5d$ by its au?or1 
publi%$ 9 #ahbg1 conta9s ! fir/ publicly
 ackn[l$g$ lit]>y "w ( ,john ,/u>t      
,mill4  ,:ile he 0 produc+ t result (   
labori\s /udy 9 a special & intricate   
subject1 8 education 9 all sorts ( o!r  
ways 0 cont9u$4 ,9 evid5ce ( !          
v]satility ( 8 pursuits1 ! vet]an au?or 
( a %ort & ung5]\s memoir t 0 publi%$ 9 
,! ,times ( ,may ! #aj? contributes "o  
int]e/+ note4 ,x is )9 our p]sonal k1 he
 says1 t he 0 an extraord9>y y\? :51 9  

#ahbd1 he took ! lead at ! ,london      
,debat+ ,club 9 "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable    
collections ( 'spirits ( ! age' t ev]   
congregat$ = intellectual gladiator%ip1 
he be+ by two or ?ree ye>s ! junior ( ! 
clique4 ,! rivalry 0 r 9 k & reason+ ?an
 9 eloqu5ce1 m]e declamation 0          
disc\rag$2 & subjects ( p>am\nt         
importance 7 consci5ti\sly ?\ght out4 ,9
 evid5ce ( 8 m g5]al /udies1 we may "h  
repeat a few s5t5ces f an acc\nt1 by an 
intimate fri5d ( bo? ^! great m51 ( !   
life ( ,mr4 ,grote1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 our 
columns two ye>s ago4 ,ab\t ?is "t a    
small society 0 =m$ = read+s 9          
philosophical subjects4 ,! meet+s took  
place at ,mr4 ,grote's h\se 9           
,?readne$le ,/reet1 on c]ta9 days f half
 pa/ eight till t5 9 ! morn+1 at :i* h\r
 ! memb]s 7all 9 (ficial employm5t7 _h  
to repair to _! respective avocations4  
,! memb]s 7 ,grote1 ,john ,mill1        
,roebuck1 ,william ,ellice1 ,william    
,h5ry ,prescott1 two bro!rs ,:itmore1 & 
,george ,john ,graham4 ,! m5tor ( _!    

/udies 0 ! eld] ,mr4 ,mill4 ,! meet+s 7 
cont9u$ = two or ?ree ye>s4 ,! read+s   
embrac$ a small manual ( logic1 by ,du  
,trieu1 recomm5d$ by ,mr4 ,mill1 &      
repr9t$ = ! purpose1 ,:ately's ,logic1  
,hobbes's ,logic1 & ,h>tley on ,man1 9  
,prie/ley's edition4 ,! mann] ( proce$+ 
0 ?or\gh4 ,ea* p>agraph1 on be+ read1 0 
comm5t$ on by e "o 9 turn1 discuss$ &   
r$iscuss$1 to ! po9t ( total exhau/ion4 
,9 #ahbh ! meet+s ceas$2 b !y 7 resum$ 9
 #ahcj1 ^u ,mill's ',analysis ( ! ,m9d1'
 :i* 0 gone ov] 9 ! same mann]4 ,^!     
philosophical /udies 7 n only ( extreme 
advantage 9 /r5g!n+ & develop+ ! m]its (
 ,mr4 ,mill & 8 fri5ds1 ne>ly all ( :om 
7 consid]ably old] ?an he 01 !y also    
s]v$ to unite ! fri5ds 9 close & la/+   
intimacy ( ! mo/ ref9$ & elevat+ sort4  
,mr4 ,grote1 8 s5ior by twelve ye>s1 0  
p]haps ! mo/ intimate1 z he 0 c]ta9ly ! 
able/1 ( all ! fri5ds :om ,mr4 ,mill ?us
 acquir$4  ,_m ( ^! fri5ds 7            
contributors to ! orig9al ,we/m9/]      
,review1 :i* 0 />t$ by ,b5?am 9 #ahbd4  

,b5?am himself & ! eld] ,mill 7 its *ief
 writ]s at fir/2 & 9 #ahbh1 if n soon]1 
! y\ng] ,mill jo9$ ! numb]4 ,9 t ye> he 
review$ ,:ately's ,logic2 & x is        
probable t 9 ! ensu+ ye> he contribut$  
num]\s o!r articles4 ,8 fir/ lit]>y     
exploit1 h[ev]1 :i* he c>$ to reproduce 
9 8 ,diss]tations & ,discussions 0 an   
article t appe>$ 9 ,! ,juri/1 9 #ahcc1  
entitl$ ,corporation & ,*ur* ,prop]ty4  
,t essay1 9 "s respects1 curi\sly       
anticipat$ ! ,iri% ,*ur* legislation (  
ne>ly =ty ye>s lat]4 ,9 ! same ye> he   
publi%$1 9 ,! ,mon?ly ,repository1 a    
rem>kably able & q a diff]5t            
production1--,poetry & its ,v>ieties1   
%[+ t 9 ! dep>tm5t ( belles-lettres he  
c\ld write ) ne>ly z mu* vigor &        
orig9ality z 9 ! philosophical &        
political dep>tm5ts ( ?\ght to :i*1     
o/5sibly1 he 0 especially devot$4       
,%ortly aft] t he emb>k$ 9 a bold]      
lit]>y v5ture4 ,diff]5ces hav+ aris5    
conc]n+ ,! ,we/m9/] ,review1 a new      
qu>t]ly j\rnal--,! ,london ,review--0   

begun by ,sir ,william ,moleswor?1 )    
,mr4 ,mill = editor1 9 #ahce4 ,! ,london
 0 next ye> amalgamat$ ) ,! ,we/m9/]1 & 
!n ! nom9al if n ! actual editor%ip     
pass$ into ! h&s ( ,mr4 ,john ,rob]tson4
 ,mr4 ,mill cont9u$1 h[ev]1 to be "o (  
its mo/ con/ant & able contributors     
until ! ,review pass$ into o!r h&s 9    
#ahdj4 ,he aid$ mu* to make & ma9ta9 its
 reputation z ! lead+ organ ( bold ?\ght
 on religi\s & social z well z political
 matt]s4 ,besides su* rem>kable essays z
 ^? on ,civilization1 on ,arm& ,c>rel1  
on ,alfr$ de ,vigny1 on ,b5?am1 & on    
,col]idge1 :i*1 ) o!rs1 h be5 republi%$ 
9 8 collection ( m9or writ+s1 he        
contribut$ _m ( great importance4 ,"o on
 ,mr4 ,t5nyson1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #ahce1  
is especially notewor?y4 ,o!rs ref]r$ m 
especially to ! politics ( ! day4 ,f "o1
 :i* appe>$ 9 #ahcg1 review+ ,albany    
,fonblanque's ,engl& "u ,sev5           
,adm9i/rations1 & speak+ g5]ally 9 high 
t]ms ( ! politics ( ,! ,exam9]1 we may  
extract a few s5t5ces :i* def9e v cle>ly

 ! political gr\nd tak5 by ,mr4 ,mill1  
,mr4 ,fonblanque1 & ^? :o _h !n come to 
be call$ ,philosophical ,radicals4 ,!re 
are div]s s*ools ( ,radicals1 said ,mr4 
,mill4 ,!re are ! hi/orical ,radicals1  
:o dem& popul> in/itutions z !          
inh]itance ( ,engli%m51 transmitt$ to u 
f ! ,saxons or ! b>ons ( ,runnym$e4 ,!re
 are ! metaphysical ,radicals1 :o hold !
 pr9ciples ( democracy1 n z means to    
good gov]nm5t1 b z coroll>ies f "s      
unreal ab/raction1--f 'natural lib]ty'  
or 'natural rights4' ,!re are ! radicals
 ( occasion & circum/ance1 :o are       
radicals because !y disapprove !        
measures ( ! gov]nm5t = ! "t be+4 ,!re  
are1 la/ly1 ! ,radicals ( position1 :o  
are ,radicals1 z somebody said1 because 
!y are n lords4 ,^? :om1 9              
contradi/9ction to all ^!1 we call      
,philosophical ,radicals1 are ^? :o 9   
politics obs]ve ! common mann] (        
philosoph]s2 t is1 :o1 :5 !y are        
discuss+ means1 beg9 by consid]+ ! end1 
&1 :5 !y desire to produce effects1 ?9k 

( causes4 ,^! p]sons became ,radicals   
because !y saw imm5se practical evils   
exi/+ 9 ! gov]nm5t & social condition ( 
?is c\ntry1 & because ! same exam9ation 
:i* %[$ !m ! evils %[$ also t ! cause ( 
^? evils 0 ! ari/ocratic pr9ciple 9 our 
gov]nm5t1--! subjection ( ! _m to !     
control ( a comp>atively few1 :o _h an  
int]e/1 or fanci$ !y _h an int]e/1 9    
p]petuat+ ^? evils4 ,^! inquir]s look$  
/ill f>!r1 & saw1 t1 9 ! pres5t imp]fect
 condition ( human nature1 no?+ bett]   
?an ?is self-pref]5ce 0 to be expect$ f 
a dom9ant few2 t ! int]e/s ( ! _m 7 sure
 to be 9 _! eyes a second>y consid]ation
 to _! own ease or emolum5t4 ,p]ceiv+1  
!re=e1 t we are ill-gov]n$1 & p]ceiv+ t1
 s long z ! ari/ocratic pr9ciple cont9u$
 pr$om9ant 9 our gov]nm5t1 we c\ld n    
expect to be o!rwise1 ^! p]sons became  
,radicals2 & ! motto ( _! ,radicalism 01
 ,enmity to ! ari/ocratical pr9ciple4   
,! p]iod ( ,mr4 ,mill's mo/ intimate    
connection ) ,! ,london & ,we/m9/]      
,review =ms a brilliant episode 9 !     

hi/ory ( j\rnalism2 & 8 relations1 !n & 
aft]w>ds1 ) o!r m5 ( lett]s & political 
writ]s1--"s ( !m z fam\s z ,mr4 ,c>lyle 
& ,col]idge1 ,*>les ,bull] & ,sir ,h5ry 
,taylor1 ,sir ,william ,moleswor?1 ,sir 
,john ,b[r+1 & ,mr4 ,roebuck1--yield    
tempt+ mat]ials = ev5 ! mo/ sup]ficial  
biography2 b we mu/ pass !m by = !      
pres5t4 ,& "h we %all cont5t ourselves )
 enum]at+1 9 ! ord] ( _! publication1 ^?
 l5g?i] writ+s ) :i* he *iefly occupi$ 8
 leisure dur+ ! next qu>t] ( a c5tury2  
?\gh t "w 0 frequ5tly div]sifi$ by      
important contributions to ,! ,ed9burgh 
& ,! ,we/m9/] ,review1 ,fras]'s         
,magaz9e1 & o!r p]iodicals4 ,8 fir/     
great "w 0 ,a ,sy/em ( ,logic1 ! result 
( _m ye>s' previ\s /udy1 :i* appe>$ 9   
#ahdc4 ,t complet$1 he seems imm$iately 
to h paid *ief att5tion to              
politico-economical que/ions4 ,9 #ahdd  
appe>$ ,essays on ,"s ,unsettl$         
,que/ions ( ,political ,economy1 :i* 7  
foll[$1 9 #ahdh1 by ! ,pr9ciples (      
,political ,economy4 ,aft] t !re 0 a    

pause ( t5 ye>s1 ?\gh ! works t 7 issu$ 
dur+ ! next six ye>s %[ t he _h n be5   
idle dur+ ! int]val4 ,9 #aheg 7 publi%$ 
two volumes ( ! ,diss]tations &         
,discussions1 consi/+ solely ( pr9t$    
articles1 ! fam\s essay ,on ,lib]ty1 & !
 ,?\ghts on ,p>liam5t>y ,re=m4          
,consid]ations on ,repres5tative        
,gov]nm5t appe>$ 9 #ahfa1               
,utilit>ianism1 9 #ahfc1 ,augu/e ,comte 
& ,positivism & ! ,exam9ation ( ,sir    
,william ,hamilton's ,philosophy1 9     
#ahfe4 ,aft] t1 besides ! v welcome     
,inaugural ,address at ,/4 ,&rew's 9    
#ahfg1 8 only "w ( importance 0 ,!      
,subjection ( ,wom51 publi%$ 9 #ahfi4 ,a
 fitt+ conclusion to 8 m s]i\s lit]>y   
labors appe>$ also 9 #ahfi 9 8 annotat$ 
edition ( 8 fa!r's ,analysis ( !        
,ph5om5a ( ! ,human ,m9d4  ,:5 we       
rememb] h[ mu* & :at v>i$ k is 9 ^?     
le>n$ books1 x is almo/ difficult to    
believe1 t1 dur+ mo/ ( ! ye>s 9 :i* he 0
 prep>+ !m1 ,mr4 ,mill 0 also a h>d     
work] 9 ! ,india ,h\se1 pass+ rapidly1 &

 z ! rew>d only ( 8 assiduity & tal5t1 f
 ! drudg]y ( a junior cl]k to a position
 involv+ all ! responsibility1 if n q   
all ! dignity1 ( a secret>y ( /ate4 ,"o 
( 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds1 & ! "o :o knew 
f> m ( him 9 ?is respect ?an any o!r1   
has 9 ano!r column p5n$ "s rem9isc5ces (
 8 (ficial life2 b if all ! /ate pap]s t
 he wrote1 & all ! correspond5ce t he   
c>ri$ on ) ,indian (ficials & ! native  
pot5tates ( ! ,ea/1 c\ld be explor$1 m  
?an "o volume w\ld h to be writt5 9     
supplem5t to 8 fa!r's great ,hi/ory (   
,briti% ,india4  ,hav+ retir$ f ! ,india
 ,h\se 9 #aheh1 ,mr4 ,mill w5t to sp5d !
 w9t] 9 ,avignon1 9 ! hope ( improv+ !  
brok5 heal? ( ! wife to :om he 0        
devot$ly atta*$4 ,he _h n be5 m>ri$ _m  
ye>s1 b ,mrs4 ,mill1 :o 0 ! wid[ ( ,mr4 
,john ,taylor1 a ,london m]*ant1 _h be5 
8 fri5d s9ce #ahce1 or ev5 e>li]4 ,dur+ 
m ?an tw5ty ye>s he _h be5 aid$ by h]   
tal5ts1 & enc\rag$ by h] sympa?y1 9 all 
! "w he _h und]tak51 & to h] r>e m]its  
he aft]w>ds paid m ?an "o tribute 9 t]ms

 t h no equal = ! int5sity ( _!         
language1 & ! dep? ( affection conta9$ 9
 !m4 ,mrs4 ,mill's weak /ate ( heal?    
seems to h h>dly repress$ h] p[]s (     
intellect4 ,by h] 0 writt5 ! celebrat$  
essay on ,! ,enfran*isem5t ( ,wom5      
contribut$ to ,! ,we/m9/] ,review1 &    
aft]w>ds repr9t$ 9 ! ,diss]tations &    
,discussions1 ) a preface av[+1 t by h] 
,mr4 ,mill _h be5 greatly assi/$ 9 all t
 he _h writt5 = "s "t previ\s4 ,b !     
assi/ance 0 to end n[4 ,mrs4 ,mill di$  
at ,avignon on ! #c;d ( ,novemb]1 #aheh1
 & ov] h] grave 0 plac$ "o ( ! mo/      
pa!tic & eloqu5t epitaphs t h be5 ev]   
p5n$4 ,h] great & lov+ he>t1 h] noble   
s\l1 h] cle>1 p[]ful1 orig9al1 &        
compreh5sive intellect1 x 0 !re writt51 
made h] ! guide & support1 ! in/ructor 9
 wisdom1 & ! example 9 goodness1 z %e 0 
! sole e>?ly delight1 ( ^? :o _h !      
happ9ess to belong to h]4 ,z e>ne/ = all
 public good z %e 0 g5]\s & devot$ to   
all :o surr\nd$ h]1 h] influ5ce has be5 
felt 9 _m ( ! greate/ improvem5ts ( !   

age1 & w be 9 ^? /ill to come4 ,7 !re   
ev5 a few he>ts & intellects l h]s1 ?is 
e>? w\ld already become ! hop$-= heav54 
,h5ce=?1 dur+ ! f\rte5 ye>s & a half t 7
 to elapse be=e he %\ld be laid 9 ! same
 grave1 ,avignon 0 ! *os5 haunt ( ,mr4  
,mill4  ,pass+ mu* ( 8 "t 9 ! mode/ h\se
 t he _h b\ght1 t he might be )9 sight (
 8 wife's tomb1 ,mr4 ,mill 0 also       
frequ5tly 9 ,london1 :i!r he came       
especially to facilitate ! new c\rse (  
philosophical & political writ+ on :i*  
he ent]$4 ,he f\nd relief also 9        
excursions1 "o ( :i* 0 tak5 ne>ly e ye>1
 9 company ) 8 /ep-daught]1 ,miss ,hel5 
,taylor1 into v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe4     
,italy1 ,switz]l&1 & _m o!r di/ricts1 7 
explor$1 p>tly on foot1 ) a ke5 eye bo? 
to ! natural features ( ! localities1   
especially 9 fur!rance ( ^? botanical   
/udies to :i* ,mr4 ,mill n[ return$ ) ! 
ardor ( 8 y\?1 & also to _! social &    
political in/itutions4 ,p]haps ! longe/ 
& mo/ ev5tful ( ^! excursions 0 tak5 9  
#ahfb to ,greece4 ,on ?is occasion x _h 

be5 propos$ t 8 old fri5d1 ,mr4 ,grote1 
%\ld accompany him4 ,to g ?r\gh ^?      
sc5es1 & especially to g ?r\gh !m 9 y\r 
company1 wrote ,mr4 ,grote 9 ,janu>y1   
w\ld be to me pre-em95tly delightful2 b1
 alas6 my physical condition altoge!r   
=bids x4 ,i c\ld n possibly /ay away f  
,london1 )\t ! greate/ discom=t1 = s    
long a p]iod z two mon?s4 ,/ill less    
c\ld ,i endure ! fatigue ( horse & foot 
ex]cise :i* an excursion 9 ,greece mu/  
inevitably entail4 ,! j\rney occupi$ m  
?an two mon?s2 b 9 ! autumn ,mr4 ,mill 0
 at ,avignon2 &1 return+ to ,london 9   
,decemb]1 he sp5t ,*ri/mas week ) ,mr4  
,grote at 8 resid5ce1 ,b>r[             
,gre51--,b5?am's old h\se1 & ! "o 9 :i* 
,mr4 ,mill _h play$ himself :5 he 0 a   
*ild4 ,he is 9 good heal? & spirits1    
wrote ,mr4 ,grote to ,sir ,g4,c4 ,lewis 
aft] t visit2 viol5t aga9/ ! ,s\? 9 ?is 
,am]ican /ruggle2 embrac+ he>tily !     
extreme ,abolitioni/ views1 & ?9k+ ab\t 
little else 9 reg>d to ! g5]al "q4  ,x 0
 only to be expect$ t ,mr4 ,mill w\ld   

take mu* int]e/ 9 ! ,am]ican civil w>1 &
 sympa?ize /rongly ) ! ,abolitioni/     
p>ty4 ,8 int]e/ 9 politics _h be5 ke51 &
 8 judgm5t on !m _h be5 rem>kably s\nd  
all ?r\gh life1 z 8 e>ly articles 9 ,!  
,morn+ ,*ronicle & ,! ,london & ,we/m9/]
 ,review1 & 8 lat] contributions to     
v>i\s p]iodicals1 help$ to te/ify2 b    
t[>ds ! close ( 8 life ! int]e/ 0 p]haps
 ke5]1 z ! judgm5t 0 c]ta9ly m mell[$4  
,x 0 n /range1 !re=e1 t 8 admir]s among 
! work+ classes1 & ! advanc$ radicals ( 
all grades1 %\ld h urg$ him1 & t1 aft]  
"s hesitation1 he %\ld h cons5t$1 to    
become a c&idate = ,we/m9/] at ! g5]al  
election ( #ahfe4 ,t c&idature w be long
 rememb]$ z a notable example ( !       
dignifi$ way 9 :i* an hone/ man1 & "o :o
 0 z mu* a philosoph] 9 practice z 9    
!ory1 c d all t is ne$ful1 & avoid all t
 is unwor?y1 9 an excit$ electione]+    
conte/1 & submit )\t injury to ! insults
 ( political oppon5ts & ( political     
"t-s]v]s pr(ess+ to be ( 8 own way (    
?9k+4 ,! result ( ! election 0 a f>     

great] honor to ! electors :o *ose him  
?an to ! repres5tative :om !y *ose2 ?\gh
 t honor 0 greatly t>ni%$ by ,mr4       
,mill's rejection :5 he (f]$ himself =  
re-election ?ree ye>s lat]4  ,?is is    
h>dly ! place 9 :i* to review at mu*    
l5g? ,mr4 ,mill's p>liam5t>y c>e]1 ?\gh 
x may be briefly ref]r$ to 9 evid5ce ( !
 great & almo/ unlook$-= ability ) :i*  
he adapt$ himself to ! requirem5ts ( a  
philosophical politician z di/9ct f a   
political philosoph]4 ,8 fir/ spee* 9 ! 
,h\se ( ,commons1 deliv]$ v soon aft]   
its assembl+1 0 on ! occasion ( ! second
 read+ ( ! ,cattle ,diseases ,bill1 on !
 #ad? ( ,febru>y1 #ahff1 :5 he support$ 
,mr4 ,bright 9 8 opposition to !        
proposals ( ,mr4 ,l[e = comp5sation to  
_! own]s = ! slaught] ( su* animals z 7 
diseas$ or likely to spread infection4  
,8 compla9t aga9/ ! bill 0 succ9ctly    
/at$ 9 two s5t5ces1 :i* fairly illu/rat$
 ! me?od & basis ( all 8 argum5ts ^u    
curr5t politics4 ,x comp5sates1 he said1
 a class = ! results ( a calamity :i* is

 borne by ! :ole community4 ,9 ju/ice1 !
 f>m]s :o h n suff]$ ought to comp5sate 
^? :o h2 b ! bill does :at x ought n to 
h done1 & leaves undone :at x ought to h
 done1 by n equaliz+ ! incid5ce ( !     
burd5 ^u t class1 inasmu* z1 f !        
op]ation ( ! local pr9ciple adopt$1 t   
portion ( an agricultural community :o h
 n suff]$ at all w n h to pay at all1 & 
^? :o h suff]$ little w h to pay little2
 :ile ^? :o h suff]$ mo/ w h to pay a   
great deal4 ,an ari/ocracy1 he add$1 9  
words t z truly indicate ! way 9 :i* he 
subject$ all matt]s ( detail to ! te/ ( 
g5]al pr9ciples ( tru? & exp$i5cy1--an  
ari/ocracy %\ld h ! feel+s ( an         
ari/ocracy2 &1 inasmu* z !y enjoy !     
highe/ honors & advantages1 !y ought to 
be will+ to be> ! fir/ brunt ( !        
inconv5i5ces & evils :i* fall on !      
c\ntry g5]ally4 ,?is is ! ideal "* ( an 
ari/ocracy3 x is ! "* ) :i* all         
privileg$ classes are accu/om$ to cr$it 
!mselves2 ?\gh ,i am n aw>e ( any       
ari/ocracy 9 hi/ory t has fulfill$ ^?   

requirem5ts4  ,t1 & ! lat] spee*es t    
,mr4 ,mill deliv]$ on ! ,cattle         
,diseases ,bill1 at once ann\nc$ to !   
,h\se ( ,commons & ! public1 if !y ne$$ 
any su* ann\ncem5t1 ! temp] & _s 9 :i*  
he 0 resolv$ to execute 8 legislative   
functions4 ,! same _s & temp] appe>$ 9 !
 spee* on ! ,habeas ,corpus ,susp5sion  
7,irel&7 ,bill1 :i* he deliv]$ on ! #ag?
 ( ,febru>y2 b 8 full /r5g? z a debat] 0
 fir/ manife/$ dur+ ! discussion on ,mr4
 ,glad/one's ,re=m ,bill ( #ahff1 :i* 0 
br\ght on = second read+ on ! #ab? (    
,april4 ,8 fam\s spee* on t occasion1   
conta9+ ! mo/ p[]ful argum5ts (f]$ by   
any speak] 9 favor ( ! measure1 & 8     
%ort] spee* dur+ its discussion on !    
#ca/ ( ,may1 ne$ n "h be recapitulat$4  
,!y 7 only admirable developm5ts 9      
practical debate ( ^? pr9ciples (       
political sci5ce :i* he _h already en=c$
 9 8 publi%$ works4 ,! o!r lead+ topics 
h&l$ by ,mr4 ,mill dur+ ! session (     
#ahff 7 ! exp$i5cy ( r$uc+ ! ,national  
,debt1 :i* he urg$ on ! occasion ( ,mr4 

,neate's proposal on ! #ag? ( ,april2 ! 
,t5ure & ,improvem5t ( ,l& 7,irel&7     
,bill1 on :i* he spoke at l5g? & ) =ce  
on ! #ag? ( ,may1 !n practically        
initiat+ ! movem5t 9 favor ( l&-re=m1   
:i* he p>tly help$ to en=ce 9 "p ) reg>d
 to ,irel&1 & = ! m complete adoption ( 
:i* 9 ,engl& he labor$ to ! la/2 !      
,jamaica outbreak1 & ! conduct (        
,gov]nor ,eyre1 on :i* he spoke on !    
#ca/ ( ,july2 & ! electoral disabilities
 ( wom51 :i* he fir/ br\ght )9 ! range (
 practical politics by mov+1 on ! #bj? (
 ,july1 = a return ( ! numb]s (         
h\sehold]s1 & o!rs :o1 fulfill+ !       
conditions ( prop]ty or r5tal prescrib$ 
by law z ! qualification = ! electoral  
fran*ise1 are exclud$ f ! fran*ise by   
reason ( _! sex4  ,9 ! session ( #ahfg  
,mr4 ,mill took a prom95t "p 9 !        
discussions on ! ,metropolitan ,poor    
,bill2 & he spoke on v>i\s o!r          
topics1--8 introduction ( ! ,wom5's     
,electoral ,disabilities ,removal ,bill 
be+ 9 "s respects ! mo/ notable3 b 8    

*ief action 0 ) ref]5ce to ,mr4         
,disraeli's ,re=m ,bill1 sev]al clauses 
( :i* he criticis$ & help$ to alt] 9    
committee4 ,?\gh he 0 z zeal\s z ev]1   
h[ev]1 9 8 att5dance to public bus9ess1 
he made few] great spee*es1 be+ cont5t  
to set a wise example to o!r & less able
 m5 9 only speak+ :5 he felt x          
absolutely necess>y to d s1 & 9 g5]ally 
p]=m+ m]ely ! functions ( a sil5t memb]4
  ,9 #ahfh he 01 if n m active1 some:at 
m prom95t4 ,on ,m>* ! #f?1 on ! occasion
 ( ,mr4 ,%aw-,lefevre's motion respect+ 
! ,alabama ,claims1 he =cibly express$ 8
 op9ions z to ! wrong done by ,engl& to 
! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ! civil w>1 & ! ne$
 ( mak+ adequate rep>ation2 & on ! #ab? 
( ! same mon? he spoke ) equal boldness 
on ,mr4 ,maguire's motion = a committee 
to inquire into ! /ate ( ,irel&1 repeat+
 anew & en=c+ ! views he _h lately put  
=w>d 9 8 pamphlet on ,irel&1 &          
consid]ably aid+ by anticipation !      
passage ( ,mr4 ,glad/one's two great    
measures ( ,iri% ,re=m4 ,he took an     

important "p 9 ! discussion ( !         
,election ,petitions & ,corrupt         
,practices ,bill2 & among a great numb] 
( o!r measures on :i* he spoke 0 !      
,m>ri$ ,wom5's ,prop]ty ,bill ( ,mr4    
,%aw-,lefevre4  ,soon aft] t ! ,h\se (  
,commons 0 dissolv$1 & ,mr4 ,mill's too 
brief p>liam5t>y c>e] came to an end4 ,!
 episode1 h[ev]1 _h to "s ext5t help$ to
 quick5 8 always ke5 int]e/ 9 political 
affairs4 ,?is 0 prov$1 among o!r ways1  
by ! publication ( 8 pamphlet on ,engl& 
& ,irel& 9 #ahfh1 & ( 8 treatise ,on !  
,subjection ( ,wom5 9 #ahfi1 z well z by
 ! especial int]e/ :i* he cont9u$ to    
exhibit 9 two ( ! mo/ important         
political movem5ts ( ! day1--all ! m    
important because !y are yet almo/ 9 _! 
infancy1--! "o = ! political            
enfran*isem5t ( wom51 ! o!r = a ?or\gh  
re=m ( our sy/em ( l& t5ure4 ,! late/   
pro( ( 8 zeal on ! second ( ^! important
 po9ts appe>$ 9 ! address :i* he deliv]$
 at ,exet] ,hall on ! #ah? ( la/ ,m>*1 &
 9 two articles :i* he contribut$ to ,! 

,exam9] at ! comm5cem5t ( ! pres5t ye>4 
,we may be p]mitt$ to add t x 0 8       
int5tion to use "s ( ! great] quiet t he
 expect$ to enjoy dur+ 8 /ay at ,avignon
 9 writ+ frequ5t articles on political  
affairs = publication 9 ^! columns4 ,he 
di$ :ile 8 intellectual p[]s 7 z fre% z 
!y _h ev] be51 & :5 8 political wisdom 0
 only rip5$ by exp]i5ce4  ,9 ?is pap] we
 purposely limit ourselves to a concise 
n>rative ( ! lead+ ev5ts ( ,mr4 ,mill's 
life1 & ab/a9 z f> z possible f any     
e/imate ( ei!r ! value or ! ext5t ( 8 "w
 9 philosophy1 9 economics1 9 politics1 
or 9 any o!r ( ! dep>tm5ts ( ?\ght &    
/udy to :i*1 ) su* dep? & bread? ( m9d1 
he appli$ himself2 b x is impossible = u
 to lay d[n ! p5 )\t "s slight ref]5ce1 
h[ev] inadequate x may be1 to ! nobility
 ( 8 "*1 & ! peculi> grace ) :i* he     
exhibit$ x 9 all 8 deal+s ) 8 fri5ds & )
 ! :ole community among :om he liv$1 & =
 :om he work$ ) ! self-sacrific+ zeal ( 
an apo/le4 ,if to labor fe>lessly &     
ceaselessly = ! good ( society1 & ) !   

complete/ self-abnegation t is consi/5t 
) heal?y individuality1 be ! true =m (  
religion1 ,mr4 ,mill exhibit$ su* g5u9e 
& pr(\nd religion--s p]meat+ 8 :ole     
life1 & s engross+ 8 e action--z c h>dly
 be look$ = 9 any o!r man ( ?is         
g5]ation4 ,great z 7 8 intellectual     
qualities1 !y 7 dw>f$ by 8 moral        
excell5ces4 ,he did n1 x is true1 aim at
 any fanciful ideal1 or adopt any       
fanta/ic %ibbole?s4 ,he 0 only a        
utilit>ian4 ,he believ$ 9 no inspiration
 b t ( exp]i5ce4 ,he _h no o!r cre$ or  
dogma or gospel ?an ,b5?am's axiom1--,! 
greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]4 ,b  
_m w ?9k t h]e9 0 ! *ief ( all 8 claims 
to ! honor ( all m51 & ! be/ evid5ce ( 8
 wor?4 ,at any rate1 he set a notable   
example ( ! way 9 :i* a man1 mak+ ! be/ 
use 9 8 p[] ( m]ely 8 own reason & !    
accumulat$ reason ( ^? :o h gone be=e   
him1 wisely ex]cis+ ! faculties ( :i* he
 f9ds himself possess$1 & seek+ no      
guidance or support f invisible beacons 
& intangible props1 may lead a blameless

 life1 & be "o ( ! greate/ b5efactors ( 
8 race4 ,no "o :o _h any p]sonal k ( him
 c\ld fail to disc]n ! s+ul> purity ( 8 
"*2 & to ^? :o knew him be/ t purity 0  
mo/ app>5t4 ,he may h blund]$ & /umbl$ 9
 8 pursuit ( tru?2 b x 0 "p ( 8 belief t
 /umbl+ & blund]+ are necess>y means    
t[>ds ! f9d+ ( tru?1 & t hone/y (       
purpose is ! only indisp5sable requisite
 = ! ne>e/ approa* t[>ds tru? ( :i* ea* 
individual is capable4 ,t belief r5d]$  
him z *>itable t[>ds o!rs z he 0 mode/  
conc]n+ 8 own atta9m5ts4 ,he nev] boa/$2
 & he despis$ no "o4 ,! only ?+s really 
hateful to him 7 arrogance & inju/ice1 &
 = ^! he 01 to say ! lea/1 z will+ &    
eag] to f9d excuse z c\ld be ! mo/ dev\t
 utt]] ( ! pray]1 ,fa!r1 =give !m1 = !y 
"k n :at !y d4 ,we _h not$ _m in/ances1 
com+ )9 our own v limit$ obs]vation1 ( 8
 rem>kable1 almo/ unp>allel$ magnanimity
 & g5]osity2 b su* details w\ld "h be   
almo/ out ( place1 & !y :o ne$ su* w    
d\btless be=e long receive mu* m conv9c+
 pro( ( 8 moral excell5ce4  ,we %all n  

"h dilate on ^? m9or qualities ( m9d &  
he>t t made ,mr4 ,mill's society s *>m+ 
to all :o 7 =tunate en\gh to h any %>e 9
 x2 & ^!1 especially 9 rec5t ye>s1 7 _m4
 ,:5 ! fir/ burd5 ( 8 grief at ! loss ( 
8 wife _h pass$1--p]haps p>tly z a      
relief f ! solitude1 save = "o devot$   
companion1 t w\ld o!rwise h be5 n[ =c$  
^u him1--he mix$ m freely ?an he _h done
 be=e 9 ! society ( all ^: company c\ld 
yield him any satisfaction or by :om 8  
fri5d%ip 0 really valu$4 ,8 g5ial &     
graceful be>+ t[>ds e "o :o came ne> him
 mu/ be )9 ! k ( v _m :o w read ?is     
column2 & !y w rememb]1 besides 8       
transp>5t nobility ( "*1 & ! g5ial ways 
9 :i* x exhibit$ itself1 c]ta9          
intellectual qualities = :i* he 0       
rem>kable4 ,we "h ref]1 n to 8 high]    
abilities z a ?9k]1 b to su* p[]s ( m9d 
z display$ !mselves 9 conv]sation4 ,)\t 
any p$antry1--)\t any sort ( int5tional 
notification to ^? ) :om he conv]s$ t he
 0 ! greate/ logician1 metaphysician1   
morali/1 & economi/ ( ! day1--8 spee* 0 

always1 ev5 on ! mo/ trivial subjects1 s
 cle> & incisive1 t x at once betray$ ! 
intellectual vigor ( ! speak]4 ,n less  
rem>kable also ?an 8 uni=m ref9em5t (   
?\ght1 & ! deftness ) :i* he at all     
times express$ x1 7 ! grasp & ke5ness ( 
8 obs]vation1 & ! /r5g? ( memory ) :i*  
he /or$ up e ?+ he _h ev] se51 he>d1 or 
read4 ,no?+ escap$ 8 notice at ! "t (   
its occurr5ce3 no?+ 0 =gott5 by him     
aft]w>ds4 ,8 fri5ds (t5 f\nd1 to _!     
a/oni%m5t1 t he knew f> m ab\t any      
passages 9 _! lives t he _h be5 made    
aw>e ( ?an !y c\ld !mselves rememb]2 &1 
:5ev] t disclosure 0 made to !m1 !y mu/ 
h be5 rejoic$ to ?9k1 t ?is memory ( 81 
in/ead ( be+1 z x might well h be51 a   
dang]\s g>n] ( sev]e judgm5ts &         
fairly-gr\nd$ prejudices1 0 a magic     
mirror1 9 :i* _! follies & foibles 7    
h>dly at all reflect$1 & only k9dly     
rem9isc5ces & g5]\s sympa?ies f\nd full 
expression4  ,b he is dead n[4 ,al?\gh !
 great fruits ( 8 life--a life 9 :i* m9d
 & he>t1 9 :i* s5ses & emotions1 7      

s+ul>ly well balanc$--are fruits t _c   
die1 all ! t5d] ties ( fri5d%ip1 all !  
/rictly p]sonal qualities t s mu* aid$ 8
 "w z a tea*] ( ! _w1 z ! =emo/ lead] ( 
8 g5]ation 9 ! se>* aft] tru? &         
righte\sness1 are n[ snapp$ =ev]4 ,only 
f\r weeks ago he left ,london = a       
?ree-mon?s' /ay 9 ,avignon4 ,two weeks  
ago he 0 9 8 cu/om>y heal?4 ,on ! #e? ( 
,may he 0 attack$ by a virul5t =m (     
erysipelas4 ,on ! #h? he di$4 ,on ! #aj?
 he 0 buri$ 9 ! grave to :i* he _h1     
?r\gh f\rte5 ye>s1 look$ =w>d z a       
pleasant re/+-place1 because dur+ f\rte5
 ye>s !re _h be5 9 x a vacant place     
beside ! rema9s ( ! wife :om he s fondly
 lov$4  ,h4 ,r4 ,,fox ,,b\rne4     ,,ii4
  ,,8 ,,c>e] ,,9 ,,! ,,india ,,h\se   ,i
 h und]tak5 to prep>e a sket* ( ,mr4    
,mill's (ficial c>e]1 b f9d1 on inquiry1
 sc>cely any ?+ to add to ! few         
p>ticul>s on ! subject :i* h already    
f\nd _! way into pr9t4 ,( 8 e>ly (ficial
 associates1 all h1 ) sc>cely an        
exception1 already pass$ away2 & !re is 

no "o )9 rea* to :om ,i c apply =       
assi/ance 9 v]ify+ or correct+ my own   
impressions4 ,^! are 9 sub/ance !       
foll[+4  ,9 ! few la/ decades ( its     
exi/5ce1 ! ,ea/-,india ,company's       
e/abli%m5t1 9 ,lead5hall ,/reet1 consi/$
 ( ?ree divisions1--! secret>y's1       
milit>y secret>y's1 & exam9]s'          
(fices1--9 ! la/ ( :i* mo/ ( ! despat*es
 & lett]s 7 compos$ :i* 7 aft]w>ds sign$
 by ! directors or ! secret>y4 ,into ?is
 division1 9 ! ye> #ahba1 ! directors1  
p]ceiv+ an infusion ( new blood to be v 
urg5tly requir$1 introduc$1 z assi/ant  
exam9]s1 f\r outsid]s1--,mr4 ,/ra*ey    
7fa!r ( ! pres5t ,sir ,john &           
,major-,g54 ,ri*>d ,/ra*ey71 ,?omas     
,love ,peacock 7au?or ( ,headlong       
,hall71 ,mr4 ,h>c\rt1 & ,mr4 ,james     
,mill2 ! selection ( ! la/-nam$ be+ all 
! m cr$itable to !m1 because1 9 8       
,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,india1 he _h         
animadv]t$ ) mu* sev]ity on "s p>ts ( ! 
,company's adm9i/ration4 ,two ye>s      
aft]w>ds1 9 #ahbc1 ! hi/orian's son1 !  

illu/ri\s subject ( ^! brief memoirs1 !n
 a lad ( sev5te51 obta9$ a cl]k%ip "u 8 
fa!r4 ,accord+ to ! ord9>y c\rse ( ?+s 9
 ^? days1 ! newly-appo9t$ junior w\ld h 
_h no?+ to d1 except a little ab/ract+1 
index+1 & se>*+1 or pret5d+ to se>*1    
into records2 b "y ,mill 0 almo/        
imm$iately set to indite despat*es to ! 
gov]nm5ts ( ! ?ree ,indian ,presid5cies1
 on :at1 9 ,india-,h\se phraseology1 7  
di/+ui%$ z political                    
subjects1--subjects1 t is1 = ! mo/ "p   
gr[+ out ( ! relations ( ! said         
gov]nm5ts ) native /ates or =eign       
pot5tates4 ,?is cont9u$ to be 8 bus9ess 
almo/ to ! la/4 ,9 #ahbh he 0 promot$ to
 be assi/ant exam9]1 & 9 #ahef he       
succe$$ to ! po/ ( *ief exam9]2 aft] :i*
 8 duty consi/$ r 9 sup]vis+ :at 8      
assi/ants _h writt5 ?an 9 writ+ himself3
 b = ! ?ree & tw5ty ye>s prec$+ he _h _h
 imm$iate *>ge ( ! political dep>tm5t1 &
 _h writt5 almo/ e political despat* (  
any importance t convey$ ! in/ructions (
 ! m]*ant pr9ces ( ,lead5hall ,/reet to 

_! pro-consuls 9 ,asia4 ,( ! quality (  
^! docum5ts1 x is suffici5t to say1 t !y
 7 ,john ,mill's2 b1 9 respect to _!    
quantity1 x may be wor? m5tion+ t a     
descriptive catalogue ( !m completely   
fills a small qu>to volume ( betwe5 ?ree
 hundr$ & f\r hundr$ pages1 9 _! au?or's
 h&writ+1 :i* n[ lies be=e me2 also t ! 
%>e ( ! ,c\rt ( ,directors 9 !          
correspond5ce betwe5 !mselves & !       
,indian gov]nm5ts us$ to av]age annually
 ab\t t5 huge vellum-b\nd volumes1      
foolscap size1 & five or six in*es ?ick1
 & t ( ^! volumes two a ye>1 = m ?an    
tw5ty ye>s runn+1 7 exclusively (       
,mill's composition2 ?is1 too1 at times1
 :5 he 0 engag$ ^u su* volunt>y "w 9    
addition z 8 ,logic & ,political        
,economy4  ,9 #aheg broke out ! ,sepoy  
w>1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,ea/-,india      
,company 0 ext+ui%$ 9 all b ! "n1 its   
gov]nm5tal functions be+ transf]r$ to ! 
,cr[n4 ,t mo/ illu/ri\s ( corporations  
di$ h>d2 & ) :at affectionate loyalty   
,mill /ruggl$ to av]t its fate is       

evid5c$ by ! fam\s ,petition to         
,p>liam5t :i* he drew up = 8 old ma/]s1 
& :i* op5s ) ! foll[+ effective         
anti!sis3 ,y\r petition]s1 at _! own    
exp5se1 & by ! ag5cy ( _! own civil &   
milit>y s]vants1 orig9ally acquir$ = ?is
 c\ntry its magnific5t empire 9 ! ,ea/4 
,! f\ndations ( ?is empire 7 laid by y\r
 petition]s1 at t "t nei!r aid$ nor     
controll$ by ,p>liam5t1 at ! same p]iod 
at :i* a succession ( adm9i/rations "u !
 control ( ,p>liam5t 7 los+1 by _!      
incapacity & ra%ness1 ano!r great empire
 on ! opposite side ( ! ,atlantic4  ,i  
am =tunate en\gh to be ! possessor ( !  
orig9al ,,ms4 ( ?is admirable /ate pap]1
 :i* ,i m5tion1 because ,i once he>d its
 real au?or%ip d5i$ 9 t qu>t] ( all o!rs
 9 :i* x might h be5 suppos$ to be lea/ 
likely to be que/ion$4 ,on "o ( ! la/   
occasions ( ! ga!r+ toge!r ( !          
,proprietors ( ,ea/-,india ,/ock1 ,i    
c\ld sc>cely believe my e>s1 :5 "o ( !  
directors1 allud+ to ! petition1 spoke (
 x z hav+ be5 writt5 by a c]ta9 o!r     

(ficial :o 0 silt+ by 8 side1 add+1 aft]
 a mom5t's pause1 ) ! assi/ance1 z he   
und]/ood1 ( ,mr4 ,mill1 likewise pres5t4
 ,z soon z ! ,c\rt broke up1 ,i bur/    
into ,mill's room1 boil+ ov] )          
indignation1 & exclaim+1 ,:at an infam\s
 %ame6 & no d\bt add+ a good deal m t   
foll[$ 9 natural sequ5ce on su* an      
exordium4 ,:at's ! matt]8 repli$ ,mill z
 soon z he c\ld get a ^w 94 ,m----!     
director 0 q "r4 ,! petition 0 ! jo9t "w
 ( ---- & myself4--,h[ c y be s p]v]se8 
,i retort$4 ,y "k t ,i "k y wrote e ^w (
 x4--,no1 rejo9$ ,mill1 y are mi/ak53 "o
 :ole l9e on ! second page 0 put 9      
by----4  ,9 ,augu/1 #aheh1 ! ,ea/-,india
 ,company's doom 0 pron\nc$ by          
,p>liam5t4 ,! ,ea/-,india ,h\se 0       
completely re-organiz$1 its v "n be+    
*ang$ into t ( ! ,india ,(fice1 & a     
,secret>y ( ,/ate 9 ,c\ncil tak+ ! place
 ( ! ,c\rt ( ,directors4 ,b a *ange (   
sc>cely second>y importance to _m ( ^?  
imm$iately conc]n$ 0 ,mill's retirem5t  
on a p5sion4 ,a few mon?s aft] he _h    

left u an attempt 0 made to br+ him     
back4 ,at t "t only "o-half ( ! ,c\ncil 
7 nom9at$ by ! ,cr[n1 ! o!r half hav+   
be5 elect$1 & ! law prescrib+ t any     
vacancy among ^! latt] %\ld be fill$ by 
election on ! "p ( ! rema9+ elect$      
memb]s4 ,on ! fir/ occasion ( ! k9d t   
occurr$1 ,mill 0 imm$iately propos$2 &  
,i _h ! honor ( be+ commission$ to s\nd 
him on ! subject ( ! int5d$ (f]1 & to   
endeavor to ov]come ! objections to     
acceptance :i* x 0 fe>$ he might        
ent]ta94 ,i w5t accord+ly to 8 h\se at  
,blackhea?1 b _h no soon] broa*$ !      
subject ?an ,i saw t my mission 0       
hopeless4 ,! angui% ( 8 rec5t b]eavem5t 
0 z yet too fre%4 ,he s\ght eag]ly = "s 
slight alleviation ( despair 9 h>d      
lit]>y labor2 b to face ! outside _w 0 =
 ! pres5t impossible4  ,"h my scanty    
record mu/ end1 unless ,i may be p]mitt$
 to supplem5t its meagr5ess by "o or two
 p]sonal--n to say                      
egoti/ical--rem9isc5ces4 ,! dea? ( ,mr4 
,mill s5ior1 9 #ahcf1 _h occasion$ a    

vacancy at ! bottom ( ! exam9]'s (fice1 
to :i* ,i 0 appo9t$ ?r\gh ! k9dness (   
,sir ,james ,c>nac1 !n *airman ( !      
,company1 9 ^: gift x 04 ,)9 a few      
mon?s1 h[ev]1 ,i 0 transf]r$ to a       
newly-creat$ bran* ( ! secret>y's (fice2
 ow+ to :i* cause1 & p]haps also to a   
little 7or n a little7 mutual %yness1 ,i
 = "s ye>s came s seldom into contact ) 
,mr4 ,mill1 t1 ?\gh he ( c\rse knew me  
by sight1 we sc>cely ev] spoke1 &       
g5]ally pass$ ea* o!r )\t any m>k (     
recognition :5 we happ5$ to meet 9 or   
out ( doors4 ,e>ly 9 #ahdf1 h[ev]1 ,i   
s5t him a copy ( a book ,i _h j br\ght  
out1 on ,ov]-population4 ,a day or two  
aft]w>ds he came into my room to ?ank me
 = x2 & dur+ ! half-h\r's conv]sation t 
!reupon ensu$1 sprang up1 full gr[n at  
its bir?1 an intimate fri5d%ip1 ( :i* ,i
 feel t ,i am n unduly boa/+ 9 decl>+ x 
to h be5 equally s9c]e & f]v5t on bo?   
sides4 ,f t "t = ! next t5 or twelve    
ye>s1 a day seldom pass$ )\t1 if ,i did 
n g into 8 room1 8 com+ into m9e1 (t5   

tell+ me z he ent]$1 t he _h no?+       
p>ticul> to say2 b t1 hav+ a few m9utes 
to sp>e1 he ?\ght we might z well h a   
little talk4 ,& :at talks we h _h on su*
 occasions1 & on :at v>i\s subjects6 & n
 unfrequ5tly1 too1 :5 ! room 0 ,mill's1 
,grote1 ! hi/orian1 w\ld jo9 u1 fir/    
ann\nc+ 8 adv5t by a peculi> &          
ev]-welcome rat-tat ) 8 walk+-/ick on ! 
door4 ,i mu/ n dwell long] ov] ^!       
recollections2 b !re are two special    
obligations ( my own to ,mill :i* ,i _c 
p]mit myself to pass ov]4 ,:51 9 #ahef1 
he became exam9]1 he _h made x1 z ,i h  
be5 s9ce assur$ by ! !n *airman ( !     
,ea/-,india ,company1 a condition ( 8   
acceptance ( ! po/1 t ,i1 ^: "n v likely
 ! ,*airman _h nev] be=e he>d1 %\ld be  
associat$ ) him z "o ( 8 assi/ant       
exam9]s2 & ,i 0 plac$1 9 consequ5ce1 9  
*>ge ( ! ,public-,works ,dep>tm5t4 ,n   
long aft]w>ds1 hav+ laps$ into a /ate ( 
n]v\s weakness1 :i* = ne>ly a ye>       
absolutely incapacitat$ me = m5tal      
labor1 ,i %\ld1 b = ,mill1 h be5        

compell$ to retire f ! s]vice4 ,f ?is1  
h[ev]1 he sav$ me by quietly tak+ ^u    
himself1 & = ! space ( twelve mon?s     
dis*>g+1 ! :ole ( my (ficial duties1 9  
addition to 8 own4 ,is x wond]ful t su* 
a man1 suppos$ by ^? :o did n "k him to 
be cold1 /]n1 & dry1 %\ld h be5         
en?usia/ically belov$ by ^? :o did8  ,x 
is little to say1 t my own fri5d%ip )   
him 01 f fir/ to la/1 nev] once ruffl$  
by diff]5ce or misund]/&+ ( any k9d4    
,diff]5ces ( op9ion we _h 9 abundance2 b
 my op5 av[al ( !m 0 always recogniz$ by
 him z "o ( ! /ronge/ pro(s ( respect1 &
 s]v$ to cem5t in/ead ( weak5+ our      
atta*m5t4#a ,! ne>e/ approa* made       
?r\gh\t our int]c\rse to any ?+ ( an    
unpleasant "* 0 ab\t ! "t ( 8 retirem5t 
f ! ,india ,h\se4 ,talk+ ov] t "o day ) 
two or ?ree ( my colleagues1 ,i said x  
w\ld n d to let ,mill g )\t receiv+ "s  
p]man5tly-visible tok5 ( our reg>d4 ,!  
motion 0 no soon] made ?an x 0 c>ri$ by 
acclamation4 ,e memb] ( ! exam9]s'      
(fice--= we jeal\sly insi/$ on conf9+ ! 

affair to ourselves--came t5d]+ 8       
subscription1 sc>cely wait+ to be ask$2 
9 half an h\r's "t "s fifty or sixty    
p\nds--,i =get ! exact sum--0 collect$1 
:i* 9 due c\rse 0 inve/$ 9 a sup]b silv]
 ink/&1 design$ by our fri5d1 ,digby    
,wyatt1 & manufactur$ by ,messrs4       
,elk+ton4 ,be=e x 0 ready1 h[ev]1 an    
unexpect$ tr\ble arose4 ,9 "s way or    
o!r1 ,mill _h got w9d ( our proce$+1 &1 
com+ to me 9 consequ5ce1 began almo/ to 
upbraid me z its orig9ator4 ,i _h nev]  
be=e se5 him s angry4 ,he hat$ all su*  
demon/rations1 he said1 & 0 q resolv$ n 
to be made ! subject ( !m4 ,he 0 sure !y
 7 nev] altoge!r g5u9e or spontane\s2   
!re 7 always sev]al p]sons :o took "p 9 
!m m]ely because !y did n l to refuse2  
&1 9 %ort1 :atev] we might d1 he w\ld h 
none ( x4 ,9 va9 ,i repres5t$ h[ eag]ly 
ev]ybody1 )\t exception1 _h come =w>d2 t
 we _h n[ gone too f> to rec$e2 t1 if he
 w\ld n take ! ink/&1 we %\ld be utt]ly 
at a loss :at to d ) x2 & t ,i myself   
%\ld be 9 a specially emb>rass+         

position4 ,mill 0 n to be mov$4 ,?is 0 a
 "q ( pr9ciple1 & on pr9ciple he c\ld n 
give way4 ,!re 0 no?+ left1 !re=e1 b    
resort to a species ( =ce4 ,i arrang$ ) 
,messrs4 ,elk+ton t our little          
te/imonial %\ld be tak5 d[n to ,mr4     
,mill's h\se at ,blackhea? by "o ( _!   
m51 :o1 aft] leav+ x ) ! s]vant1 %\ld   
hurry away )\t wait+ = an answ]4 ,?is   
plan succe$$2 b ,i h always suspect$1   
?\gh %e nev] told me s1 t its success 0 
ma9ly due to ,miss ,hel5 ,taylor's good 
(fices4 ,b = h]1 ! ink/& w\ld almo/     
c]ta9ly h be5 return$1 in/ead ( be+     
promot$1 z x ev5tually 01 to a place (  
honor 9 h] own & h] fa!r's draw+-room4  
,m9e is sc>cely j n[ ! mood 9 :i* ,i    
%\ld h be5 naturally dispos$ to relate  
anecdotes l ?is2 b1 9 ! execution ( my  
pres5t task1 ,i h felt b\nd *iefly to   
consid] :at w\ld be likely to int]e/ !  
read]4  ,w4,t4 ,,?ornton4  ,,footnotes3 
#a ,i may be p]mitt$ "h1 )\t ,mr4       
,?ornton's      k1 to recall a rem>k    
made by ,mr4 ,mill only a few      weeks

 ago4 ,we 7 speak+ ( ,mr4 ,?ornton's    
rec5tly      publi%$ ,old-fa%ion$ ,e?ics
 & ,common-,s5se      ,metaphysics1 :5  
,i rem>k$ on ,mr4 ,mill's wide div]g5ce 
f mo/ ( ! views conta9$ 9 x4 ,yes1 he   
repli$1      x is pleasant to f9d some?+
 on :i* to diff] f      ,?ornton4 ,mr4  
,mill's prompt recognition ( !          
importance      ( ,mr4 ,?ornton's       
refutation ( ! wage-fund !ory is only   
"o out ( numb]less in/ances ( 8 peculi> 
magnanimity4--,b4     ,,iii4  ,,8       
,,moral ,,"*4   ,to dilate ^u ,mr4      
,mill's a*ievem5ts1 & to insi/ ^u !     
wid5ess ( 8 influ5ce ov] ! ?\ght ( 8 "t 
& consequ5tly ov] ! actions ( 8 "t1     
seems to me sc>cely ne$ful4 ,! facts are
 suffici5tly obvi\s1 & are recogniz$ by 
all :o "k any ?+ ab\t ! progress (      
op9ion dur+ ! la/ half c5tury4 ,my own  
e/imate ( him1 intellectually consid]$1 
has be5 emphatically ?\gh briefly giv5  
on an occasion ( controv]sy betwe5 u1 by
 express+ my regret at 'hav+ to cont5d  
aga9/ ! doctr9e ( "o ^: agreem5t ,i %\ld

 value m ?an t ( any o!r ?9k]4'  ,:ile1 
h[ev]1 x is almo/ sup]flu\s to ass]t (  
him t intellectual height s g5]ally     
admitt$ !re is m occasion = draw+       
att5tion to a moral elevation t is less 
recogniz$ p>tly because 8 activities 9  
_m directions af=d$ no occasion =       
exhibit+ x1 & p>tly because "s ( its mo/
 rem>kable manife/ations 9 conduct are  
kn[n only to ^? ^: p]sonal relations )  
him h call$ !m =?4 ,i feel especially   
prompt$ to say some?+ on ?is po9t1      
because1 :]e bett] ?+s might h be5      
expect$1 !re has be51 n only a grudg+   
recognition ( intellectual rank1 b a    
m>k$ bl9dness to ^? f9e traits ( "*1    
:i*1 9 ! valuation ( m51 mu/ g = m ?an  
sup]iority ( intellig5ce4  ,x might     
inde$ h be5 suppos$1 t ev5 ^? :o nev]   
enjoy$ ! pleasure ( p]sonal acqua9tance 
) ,mr4 ,mill w\ld h be5 impress$ ) !    
nobility ( 8 nature z indicat$ 9 8      
op9ions & de$s4 ,h[ entirely 8 public   
c>e] has be5 det]m9$ by a pure & /rong  
sympa?y = 8 fell[ m51 h[ entirely ?is   

sympa?y has subord9at$ all desires =    
p]sonal advantage1 h[ little ev5 ! fe> (
 be+ injur$ 9 reputation or position has
 det]r$ him f tak+ ! c\rse :i* he ?\ght 
equitable or g5]\s--ought to be manife/ 
to e antagoni/1 h[ev] bitt]4 ,a g5]osity
 t might almo/ be call$ romantic 0      
obvi\sly ! feel+ prompt+ sundry ( ^?    
c\rses ( action :i* h be5 comm5t$ ^u z  
errors4 ,& no?+ l a true conception (   
him c be =m$1 unless1 along ) diss5t f  
!m1 !re goes recognition ( ! fact t !y  
result$ f ! eag]ness ( a noble nature   
impati5t to rectify inju/ice & to fur!r 
human welf>e4  ,x may p]haps be t my own
 p]ception ( ?is p]vad+ w>m? ( feel+ has
 be5 %>p5$ by see+ x exemplifi$1 n 9 !  
=m ( express$ op9ions only1 b 9 ! =m (  
private actions1 = ,mr4 ,mill 0 n "o (  
^?1 :o1 to sympa?y ) _! fell[ m5 9 !    
ab/ract1 jo9 indiff]5ce to !m 9 !       
concrete4 ,!re came f him g5]\s acts t  
correspond$ ) 8 g5]\s s5tim5ts4 ,i say  
?is1 n f second-h& k1 b hav+ 9 m9d a    
rem>kable example kn[n only to myself & 

a few fri5ds4 ,i h hesitat$ :e!r to give
 ?is example1 see+ t x has p]sonal      
implications4 ,b x af=ds s cle> an      
insight into ,mr4 ,mill's "*1 & %[s s   
mu* m vividly ?an any description c\ld d
 h[ f9e 7 ! motives sway+ 8 conduct1 t  
,i ?9k ! occasion ju/ifies disclosure ( 
x4  ,"s sev5 ye>s ago1 aft] be>+ z long 
z 0 possible ! cont9u$ losses entail$ on
 me by ! publication ( ! ,sy/em (       
,philosophy1 ,i notifi$ to ! subscrib]s 
t ,i %\ld be oblig$ to cease at ! close 
( ! volume !n 9 progress4 ,%ortly aft] !
 issue ( ?is ann\ncem5t ,i receiv$ f    
,mr4 ,mill a lett]1 9 :i*1 aft]         
expressions ( regret1 & aft] nam+ a plan
 :i* he wi%$ to prosecute = re-imburs+  
me1 he w5t on to say1 ,9 ! next place   
444 :at ,i propose is1 t y %\ld write ! 
next ( y\r treatises1 & t ,i %\ld       
gu>antee ! publi%] aga9/ loss2 i4e41    
%\ld engage1 aft] su* l5g? ( "t z may be
 agre$ on1 to make good any defici5cy t 
may occur1 n exce$+ a giv5 sum1--t sum  
be+ su* z ! publi%] may ?9k suffici5t to

 secure him4 ,n[1 ?\gh ^! arrangem5ts 7 
( k9ds t ,i c\ld n br+ myself to yield  
to1 !y none ! less pr(\ndly impress$ me 
) ,mr4 ,mill's nobility ( feel+1 & 8    
anxiety to fur!r :at he reg>d$ z a      
b5eficial end4 ,su* proposals w\ld h be5
 rem>kable ev5 _h !re be5 entire        
agreem5t ( op9ion1 b !y 7 ! m rem>kable 
z be+ made by him "u ! consci\sness t   
!re exi/$ betwe5 u c]ta9 fundam5tal     
diff]5ces1 op5ly av[$4 ,i _h1 bo?       
directly & by implication1 combat$ t =m 
( ! exp]i5tial !ory ( human k :i*       
*>act]izes ,mr4 ,mill's philosophy3 9   
uphold+ ,realism1 ,i _h oppos$ 9 decid$ 
ways ^? metaphysical sy/ems to :i* 8 own
 ,idealism 0 closely alli$2 & we _h long
 c>ri$ on a controv]sy respect+ ! te/ ( 
tru?1 9 :i* ,i _h simil>ly attack$ ,mr4 
,mill's positions 9 an outspok5 mann]4  
,t1 "u su* circum/ances1 he %\ld h      
volunte]$ 8 aid1 & urg$ x ^u me1 z he   
did1 on ! gr\nd t x w\ld n imply any    
p]sonal obligation1 prov$ 9 him a v     
exceptional g5]osity4  ,q rec5tly ,i h  

se5 afre% illu/rat$ ?is f9e trait1--?is 
ability to be> ) unruffl$ temp]1 & )\t  
any dim9ution ( k9dly feel+1 !          
publicly-express$ antagonism ( a fri5d4 
,! la/ ev5+ ,i sp5t at 8 h\se 0 9 !     
company ( ano!r invit$ gue/1 :o1        
orig9ally agree+ ) him entirely on c]ta9
 disput$ que/ions1 _h "s =tnight        
previ\sly display$ 8 *ange ( view1--nay1
 _h publicly criticis$ "s ( ,mr4 ,mill's
 positions 9 a v undisguis$ mann]4      
,evid5tly1 along ) 8 own unsw]v+        
allegiance to tru?1 !re 0 9 ,mr4 ,mill  
an unusual p[] ( appreciat+ 9 o!rs a l  
consci5ti\sness1 & s ( suppress+ any    
feel+ ( irritation produc$ by           
diff]5ce1--suppress+ x1 n 9 appe>ance   
only1 b 9 reality1 & t1 too1 "u ! mo/   
try+ circum/ances4  ,i %\ld say inde$1 t
 ,mr4 ,mill's g5]al *>act]i/ic1         
emotionally consid]$1 0 an unusual      
pr$om9ance ( ! high] s5tim5ts1--a       
pr$om9ance :i* t5d$1 p]haps1 bo? 9 !ory 
& practice1 to subord9ate ! l[] nature  
unduly4 ,t rapid advance ( age :i* has  

be5 conspicu\s = "s ye>s pa/1 & :i*     
d\btless prep>$ ! way = 8 some:at       
premature dea?1 may1 ,i ?9k1 be reg>d$ z
 ! outcome ( a !ory ( life :i* made     
le>n+ & work+ ! occupations too         
exclusively consid]$4 ,b :5 we ask to   
:at ends he act$ out ?is !ory1 & 9 s do+
 too little reg>d$ 8 bodily welf>e1 we  
see t ev5 "h ! excess1 if su* we call x1
 0 a noble "o4 ,extreme desire to fur!r 
human welf>e 0 t to :i* he sacrific$    
himself4  ,,h]b]t ,,sp5c]4     ,,iv4    
,,8 ,,botanical ,,/udies4   ,if we w\ld 
h a j idea ( any man's "*1 we %\ld view 
x f z _m po9ts1 & "u z _m aspects1 z we 
c4 ,! side-lights ?r[n by ! less]       
occupations ( a life are (t5 v /rong1 & 
br+ out its less obvi\s p>ts into />tl+ 
prom95ce4 ,mu* especially is to be le>n$
 ( "* by tak+ into consid]ation !       
employm5t ( times ( leisure or          
relaxation2 ! occupation ( su* h\rs be+ 
due almo/ solely to ! natural b5t ( !   
individual1 )\t ! int]f]+ action (      
necessity or exp$i5cy4 ,mo/ m51 p]haps  

especially em95t m51 h a hobby1--"s     
absorb+ object1 ! pursuit ( :i* =ms !   
mo/ natural avocation ( _! m9d1 & to :i*
 !y turn ) ! c]ta9ty ( at lea/          
satisfaction1 if n ( exquisite pleasure4
 ,! man :o foll[s any bran* ( natural   
sci5ce 9 ?is way is almo/ always        
especially happy 9 its prosecution2 & 8 
m5tal p[]s are refre%$ & invigorat$ = ! 
m s]i\s & engross+ if less cong5ial     
occupation ( 8 life4 ,mr4 ,mill's hobby 
0 practical field botany2 surely 9 all  
ways "o v well suit$ to him4  ,( ! t5s (
 ?\s&s :o are acqua9t$ ) ! philosophical
 writ+s ( ,mr4 ,mill1 !re are probably  
few beyond ! circle ( 8 p]sonal fri5ds  
:o are aw>e t he 0 also an au?or 9 a    
mode/ way on botanical subjects1 & a ke5
 se>*] aft] wild plants4 ,8 %ort        
communications on botany 7 *iefly if n  
entirely publi%$ 9 a mon?ly magaz9e     
call$ ,! ,phytologi/1 edit$1 f its      
comm5cem5t 9 #ahda1 by ! late ,george   
,lux=d1 till 8 dea?1 9 #ahed1 & aft]w>ds
 conduct$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,irv9e ( ,*elsea1 

an intimate fri5d ( ,mr4 ,mill's1 till  
its discont9uance 9 #ahfc4 ,9 ! e>ly    
numb]s ( ?is p]iodical especially w be  
f\nd frequ5t notes & %ort pap]s on !    
facts ( plant di/ribution br\ght to     
light by ,mr4 ,mill dur+ 8 botanical    
rambles4 ,8 excursions 7 *iefly 9 !     
c\nty ( ,surrey1 & especially 9 !       
neighborhood ( ,guild=d & ! beautiful   
vale ( ! ,sitt+b\rne1 :]e he _h !       
satisfaction ( be+ ! fir/ to notice     
sev]al plants ( int]e/1 z ,polygonum    
dumetorum1 ,isatis t9ctoria1 & ,impati5s
 fulva1 an ,am]ican species ( balsam1   
af=d+ a v rem>kable example ( complete  
naturalization 9 ! ,wey & o!r /reams    
connect$ ) ! l[] c\rse ( ! ,?ames4 ,mr4 
,mill says he fir/ obs]v$ ?is int]lop] 9
 #ahbb at ,albury1 a date :i* probably  
m>ks ab\t ! comm5cem5t ( 8 botanical    
inve/igations1 if n t ( ! fir/ notice ( 
! plant 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,mill's      
copi\s ,,ms li/s ( obs]vations 9 ,surrey
 7 subsequ5tly =w>d$ to ! late ,mr4     
,salmon ( ,godalm+1 & h be5 s9ce publi%$

 ) ! l>ge collection ( facts made by t  
botani/ 9 ! ,flora ( ,surrey1 pr9t$ "u !
 auspices ( ! ,holmesdale 7,reigate7    
,natural ,hi/ory ,club4 ,mr4 ,mill also 
contribut$ to ! same sci5tific magaz9e  
"s %ort notes on ,hamp%ire botany1 & is 
believ$ to h help$ 9 ! compilation (    
,mr4 ,g4,g4 ,mill's ,catalogue ( !      
,plants ( ,great ,m>l[1 ,bucks4  ,! m]e 
record+ ( isolat$ facts ( ?is k9d (     
c\rse af=ds no scope = any /yle 9       
composition4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be ?\ght    
wor? :ile to reproduce "h ! conclud+    
p>agraph ( a %ort article on ,spr+      
,fl[]s 9 ! ,s\? ( ,europe1 z a sample ( 
,mr4 ,mill's popul> mann]1 z well z =   
its own sake z a f9e description ( a    
mat*less sc5e4 ,he is describ+ ! little 
m\nta9 range ( ,albano1 belov$ ( pa9t]s1
 &1 aft] comp>+ its v]nal flora ) t 9   
,engl&1 goes on3--       ',if we w\ld   
asc5d ! highe/ memb] ( ! m\nta9 gr\p1   
! ,monte ,cavo1 we mu/ make ! circuit ( 
! nor? flank      ( ! m\nta9s ( ,m>9o1  
on ! edge ( ! ,albano ,lake1      &     

,rocca di ,tassa1 a picturesque village 
9 ! holl[      m\nta9 side1 f :i* we    
climb ?r\gh woods1 ab\nd+      9        
,galan?us nivalis & ,corydalis cava1 to 
t summit      :i* 0 ! arx ( ,jupit]     
,latialis1 & to :i* !      ?irty ,latian
 cities asc5d$ 9 solemn procession to   
(f]      _! annual sacrifice4 ,! place  
is n[ occupi$ by a      conv5t1 "u !    
wall ( :i* ,i ga!r$ ,or9?ogalum         
nutans2 & f its neighborhood ,i enjoy$ a
 panoramic      view1 surely ! mo/      
glori\s1 9 its comb9ation (      natural
 beauty & gr&eur ( hi/orical            
recollections1 to      be f\nd any:]e on
 e>?4 ,! eye rang$ f ,t]rac9a on      "o
 side to ,veii on ! o!r1 & beyond ,veii 
to ! hills      ( ,sutrium & ,nepete1   
once cov]$ by ! ,cimmian =e/s1      !n  
deem$ an imp5etrable b>ri] betwe5 !     
int]ior (      ,etruria & ,rome4 ,bel[  
my feet ! ,alban m\nta91 ) all      its 
=e/-cov]$ folds1 & 9 "o ( !m ! d>k-blue 
,lake ( ,nemi2 t ( ,albano1 ,i ?9k1 0   
invisible4 ,to !      nor?1 9 ! dim     

di/ance1 ! ,et]nal ,city1 to ! we/      
! et]nal sea1 = ea/]n b\nd>y1 ! long l9e
 (      ,sab9e m\nta9s f ,soracte pa/   
,tibur & away t[>ds      ,pro5e/e4 ,!   
range !n pass$ beh9d ! ,alban gr\p1 b   
re-appe>$ to ! s\?-ea/ z ! m\nta9       
cresc5t (      ,cora & ,pometia1 enclos+
 betwe5 its horns ! ,pont9e      m>%es1 
:i* lay spread out bel[ z f> z ! sea    
l9e1      ext5d+ ea/ & we/ f ,t]rac9a 9 
! bay ( ,fondi1      ! ,volscian ,anxur1
 to ! angle ( ! coa/ :]e rises          
sudd5ly1 betwe5 ! m>%es & ! sea1 !      
m\nta9      promontory ( ,circeii1      
celebrat$ alike 9 hi/ory & 9      fable4
 ,)9 ! space visible f ?is "o po9t1 !   
de/9ies ( ! human race 7 decid$4 ,x took
 ! ,romans      ne>ly five hundr$ ye>s  
to vanqui% & incorporate !      w>like  
tribes :o inhabit$ t n>r[ tract1 b1 ?is 
be+ accompli%$1 two hundr$ m suffic$ !m 
to      complete ! conque/ ( ! _w4      
,dur+ ! frequ5t & latt]ly prolong$      
resid5ce at ,avignon1 ,mr4 ,mill1 c>ry+ 
on 8 botanical prop5sities1 _h become v 

well acqua9t$ ) ! vegetation ( !        
di/rict1 & at ! "t ( 8 dea? _h collect$ 
a mass ( notes & obs]vations on !       
subject4 ,x is believ$ to h be5 8       
int5tion to h pr9t$ ^! z ! f\ndation ( a
 flora ( ,avignon4  ,9 ! slight         
contributions to ! lit]ature ( botany   
made by ,mr4 ,mill1 !re is no?+ :i*     
gives any inkl+ ( ! great intellectual  
p[]s ( _! writ]4 ,?\gh always cle> &    
accurate1 !y are m]ely su* notes z any  
work+ botanical collector is able to    
supply 9 abundance4 ,ma9ly cont5t ) !   
pursuit z an outdoor occupation1 ) su*  
an am\nt ( home "w z 0 necess>y to      
det]m9e ! names & aff9ities ( ! species1
 ,mr4 ,mill nev] p5etrat$ deeply into ! 
philosophy ( botany1 s z to take rank   
among ^? :o h1 l ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 advanc$ 
t sci5ce by orig9al "w ei!r ( exp]im5t  
or g5]alization1 or h ent]$ into !      
battle-field :]e ! great biological     
que/ions ( ! day are be+ f\ght ov]4 ,!  
writ] ( ?is notice well rememb]s meet+1 
a few ye>s s9ce1 ! 7at t "t7 p>liam5t>y 

logician1 ) 8 tr\s]s turn$ up out ( !   
mud1 & arm$ ) ! t9 insignia ( 8 craft1  
busily occupi$ 9 ! se>* aft] a m>%-lov+ 
r>ity 9 a typical spongy wood on ! clay 
to ! nor? ( ,london4  ,b h[ev] foll[$1 !
 inve/igation ( nature _c fail to       
influ5ce ! m9d 9 ! direction ( a m j    
appreciation ( ! necessity ( sy/em 9    
arrangem5t1 & ( ! pr9ciples :i* mu/     
regulate all attempts to express notions
 ( sy/em 9 a classification4 ,traces (  
?is are n difficult to f9d 9 ,mr4       
,mill's writ+s4 ,x may be safely /at$1 t
 ! *apt]s on classification 9 ! ,logic  
w\ld n h tak5 ! =m !y h1 _h n ! writ]   
be5 a naturali/ z well z a logician4 ,! 
views express$ s cle>ly 9 ^! *apt]s are 
*iefly f\nd$ on ! actual ne$s exp]i5c$  
by ! sy/ematic botani/2 & ! argum5t is  
l>gely su/a9$ by ref]5ces to botanical  
sy/ems & arrangem5ts4 ,mo/ botani/s     
agree ) ,mr4 ,mill 9 8 objections to    
,dr4 ,:ewell's views ( a natural        
classification by resemblance to types1 
in/ead ( 9 accordance ) well-select$    

*>act]s2 & inde$ ! :ole ( ^! *apt]s are 
well des]v+ ! c>eful /udy ( naturali/s1 
not)/&+ t ! wond]fully rapid progress 9 
rec5t ye>s ( new ideas1 ly+ at ! v root 
( all ! natural sci5ces1 may be ?\ght by
 "s to give ! :ole argum5t1 9 spite (   
its logical excell5ce1 a some:at        
antiquat$ flavor4 ,h[ fully ,mr4 ,mill  
recogniz$ ! great importance ( ! /udy ( 
biological classifications1 & ! influ5ce
 su* a /udy mu/ h _h on himself1 may be 
judg$ f ! foll[+ quotation3--           
,al?\gh ! sci5tific arrangem5ts (       
organic nature      af=d z yet ! only   
complete example ( ! true      pr9ciples
 ( rational classification1 :e!r z to ! 
=mation ( gr\ps or ( s]ies1 ^? pr9ciples
 are      applicable to all cases 9 :i* 
mank9d are call$ ^u to      br+ ! v>i\s 
p>ts ( any ext5sive subject into m5tal  
co-ord9ation4 ,!y are z mu* to ! po9t :5
 objects      are to be class$ =        
purposes ( art or bus9ess z =      ^? ( 
sci5ce4 ,! prop] arrangem5t1 = example1 
( a      code ( laws1 dep5ds on ! same  

sci5tific conditions z      !           
classifications 9 natural hi/ory2 nor   
c\ld !re be a      bett] prep>atory     
discipl9e = t important function        
?an ! /udy ( ! pr9ciples ( a natural    
arrangem5t1      n only 9 ! ab/ract1 b 9
 _! actual application to      ! class (
 ph5om5a = :i* !y 7 fir/ elaborat$1     
& :i* are /ill ! be/ s*ool = le>n+ _!   
use4      ,( ?is1 ! great au?ority on   
codification1 ,b5?am1 0      p]fectly   
aw>e2 & 8 e>ly ',fragm5t on ,gov]nm5t1' 
!      admirable introduction to a s]ies
 ( writ+s unequall$ 9      _! dep>tm5t1 
conta9s cle> & j views 7z f> z      !y  
g7 on ! mean+ ( a natural arrangem5t1   
su* z      c\ld sc>cely h occurr$ to any
 "o :o liv$ ant]ior      to ! age (     
,l9naeus & ,b]n>d de ,jussieu 7,sy/em ( 
,logic1 ed4 #f1 ii41 p4 #bhh74  ,,h5ry  
,,trim54     ,v  ,,8 ,,place ,,z ,a     
,,critic   ,mr4 ,mill's a*ievem5ts z an 
economi/1 logician1 psy*ologi/1 &       
politician are kn[n m or less vaguely to
 all educat$ m52 b 8 capacity & 8 actual

 "w z a critic are comp>atively little  
reg>d$4 ,9 ! ?ree volumes ( 8 collect$  
miscellane\s writ+s1 v few ( ! pap]s are
 g5]al reviews ei!r ( books or ( m52 &  
ev5 ^! volumes d]ive _! "* f ! essays !y
 conta9 on ! sev]] subjects ) :i* ,mr4  
,mill's "n has be5 m peculi>ly          
associat$4 ,nobody buys 8 ,diss]tations 
& ,discussions = ! sake ( 8 !ory (      
poetry1 or 8 essays on ,arm& ,c>rel &   
,alfr$ de ,vigny1 noble ?\gh ^! are 9 _m
 ways4 ,8 essay on ,col]idge is v       
celebrat$2 b x deals1 n ) ,col]idge's   
place z a poet1 b ) 8 place z a ?9k]--) 
,col]idge z ! antagoni/ic p[] to ,b5?am 
9 =m+ ! op9ions ( ! g5]ation n[ pass+   
away4 ,/ill at su* a "t z ?is x is      
int]e/+ to make "s endeavor to e/imate !
 value ( :at ,mr4 ,mill has done 9 ! way
 ( criticism4 ,x is at lea/ wor? :ile to
 exam9e :e!r "o :o has %[n himself      
capable ( grappl+ effectively ) ! drie/ 
& mo/ ab/ruse problems t vex ! human    
intellect 0 v]satile en\gh to /udy      
poetry ) an und]/&+ he>t1 & to be alive 

to ! di/9ctive p[]s ( individual poets4 
,x 0 9 8 e>li] life1 :5 8 en?usiasm = k 
0 fre%1 & 8 active m9d1 all z hungry z !
 sea1 0 rea*+ out eag]ly & /r5u\sly to  
all sorts ( food = ?\ght1--lit]>y1      
philosophical1 & political1--t ,mr4     
,mill set himself1 among o!r ?+s1 to    
/udy & !orize ^u poetry & ! arts        
g5]ally4 ,he c\ld h>dly h fail$ to "k ! 
mo/ rec5t effloresc5ce ( ,engli% poetry1
 liv+ z he did 9 circles :]e ! v>i$     
m]its ( ! new poets 7 l>gely & ke5ly    
discuss$4 ,he _h liv$ also = "s "t 9    
,france1 & 0 widely read 9 ,fr5* poetry4
 ,he _h nev] pass$ ?r\gh ! ord9>y c\rse 
( ,greek & ,lat9 at s*ool & college1 b  
he _h be5 taught by 8 fa!r to read ^!   
languages1 & _h be5 accu/om$ f ! fir/ to
 reg>d _! lit]ature z lit]ature1 & to   
read _! poetry z poetry4 ,^! 7 probably 
! ma9 elem5ts ( 8 k ( poetry4 ,b x 0 n 8
 way to dream or o!rwise luxuriate ov] 8
 favorite poets = pure enjoym5t4 ,mr4   
,mill 0 n a cultivator ( art = art's    
sake4 ,8 0 too f]vid & militant a s\l to

 lose itself 9 s]5e love & culture ( !  
calmly beautiful4 ,he read poetry = !   
mo/ "p ) e>ne/1 critical eye1 /riv+ to  
acc\nt = x1 to connect x ) ! t5d5cies ( 
! age1 or he read to f9d sympa?y ) 8 own
 aspirations aft] h]oic en]gy4 ,he read 
,de ,vigny & o!r ,fr5* poets ( 8        
g5]ation1 ) an eye to _! relations to ! 
convuls$ & /ruggl+ /ate ( ,france1 &    
because !y 7 compell$ by _! surr\nd+s to
 take life au srieux1 & to pursue1 ) all
 ! res\rces ( _! art1 some?+ diff]5t f  
beauty 9 ! ab/ract4 ,luxuri\s passive   
enjoym5t or torpid half-enjoym5t mu/ h  
be5 a comp>atively r>e condition ( 8    
f9ely-/rung1 excitable1 & f]vid sy/em4  
,i believe t 8 moral e>ne/ness 0 too    
imp]i\s to p]mit mu* ( ?is4 ,he 0       
capable inde$ ( ! mo/ passionate        
admiration ( beauty1 b ev5 t feel+ seems
 to h be5 int]p5etrat$ by a c]ta9       
militant apo/olic f]vor2 8 love 0 z !   
love ( a religi\s soldi] = a patron sa9t
 :o ext5ds h] aid & c\nt5ance to him 9 8
 w>s4 ,i d n mean to say t 8 m9d 0 9 a  

p]petual gl[3 ,i mean only t ?is surr5d]
 to impassion$ transports 0 m *>act]i/ic
 ( ! man ?an s]5e op5ness to influx (   
enjoym5t4 ,8 ,?\ghts on ,poetry & its   
,v>ieties1 :ile cle> & /r5u\s z mo/ ( 8 
?\ghts 71 are nei!r sci5tifically       
precise1 nor d !y conta9 any notable new
 idea n previ\sly express$ by ,col]idge1
 except p]haps ! idea1 t emotions are ! 
ma9 l9ks ( association 9 ! poetic m9d3  
/ill 8 work+ out ( ! def9ition ( poetry1
 8 di/9ction betwe5 novels & poems1 &   
betwe5 poetry & eloqu5ce1 is int]e/+ z  
?r[+ light ^u 8 own poetic              
susceptibilities4 ,he holds t poetry is 
! del9eation ( ! deep] & m secret work+s
 ( human emotion4 ,x is curi\s to f9d "o
 :o is sometimes assail$ z ! advocate ( 
a grovell+ philosophy compla9+ t !      
*ivalr\s _s has almo/ disappe>$ f books 
( education1 t ! y\? ( bo? sexes ( !    
educat$ classes are gr[+ up unromantic4 
,cate*isms1 he says1 w be f\nd a poor   
sub/itute = ! old romances1 :e!r (      
*ivalry or fa]y1 :i*1 if !y did n give a

 true picture ( actual life1 did n give 
a false "o1 s9ce !y did n pr(ess to give
 any1 b 7:at 0 mu* bett]7 fill$ ! y\?ful
 imag9ation ) pictures ( h]oic m51 & (  
:at are at lea/ z mu* want$1--h]oic     
wom54  ,if ,mr4 ,mill did n love poetry 
) a purely dis9t]e/$ love1 b ) an eye to
 its moral causes & effects1 nei!r did  
he /udy "* f m]e delight 9 obs]v+ !     
v>ieties ( mank9d4 ,arm& ,c>rel !       
,republican j\rnali/1 ,alfr$ de ,vigny !
 ,royali/ poet1 ,col]idge !             
,cons]vative1 & ,b5?am ! ,re=m]1 are    
tak5 up & exp\nd$1 n z /rik+            
individuals1 b z types ( influ5ces &    
t5d5cies4 ,?is habit ( keep+ 9 view m9d 
9 ! ab/ract1 or m5 9 ! aggregate1 may h 
be5 9 a l>ge measure a result ( 8       
education by 8 fa!r2 b ,i am incl9$ to  
?9k t he 0 ( too ard5t & pre-occupi$ a  
disposition1 p]haps too mu* dispos$ to  
take favorable views ( individuals1 to  
be v s5sitive to diff]5ces ( "*4 ,x %\ld
 n1 h[ev]1 be =gott5 t 9 "o memorable   
case he %[$ rem>kable discrim9ation4    

,soon aft] ,mr4 ,t5nyson publi%$ 8      
second issue ( poems1 ,mr4 ,mill review$
 !m 9 ,! ,we/m9/] ,review = ,july1      
#ahce1 &1 ) 8 usual e>ne/ness &         
g5]osity1 appli$ all 8 p[]s to mak+ a j 
e/imate ( ! new aspirant4 ,to h repr9t$ 
?is among 8 miscellane\s writ+s might h 
seem$ r boa/ful1 z claim+ cr$it = ! fir/
 full recognition ( a great poet3 /ill x
 is a v rem>kable review2 & "o w\ld hope
 x w n be omitt$ if !re is to be any    
fur!r collection ( 8 casual productions4
 ,i %all quote two passages :i* seem    
obvi\s en\gh n[1 b :i* requir$ true     
insight1 z well z c\rage\s g5]osity1 to 
write !m 9 #ahce--       ,( all !       
capacities ( a poet1 t :i* seems to h   
aris5 e>lie/ 9 ,mr4 ,t5nyson1 & 9 :i* he
 mo/      excels1 is t ( sc5e-pa9t+ 9 ! 
high] s5se ( !      t]m2 n ! m]e p[] (  
produc+ t r vapid      species (        
composition usually t]m$ descriptive    
poetry1--= !re is n 9 ^! volumes "o     
passage (      pure description1--b !   
p[] ( creat+ sc5]y 9      keep+ ) "s    

/ate ( human feel+1 s fitt$ to x z      
to be ! embodi$ symbol ( x1 & to summon 
up ! /ate      ( feel+ itself ) a =ce n 
to be surpass$ by any      ?+ b reality4
              99       99       99      
99       99       ,! poems :i* we h     
quot$ f ,mr4 ,t5nyson prove             
inconte/ably t he possesses 9 an em95t  
degree !      natural end[m5t ( a       
poet1--! poetic temp]am5t4 ,& x         
appe>s cle>ly1 n only f a comp>ison ( ! 
two      volumes1 b ( diff]5t poems 9 ! 
same volume1 t      ) him ! o!r elem5t (
 poetic excell5ce1      intellectual    
culture1 is advanc+ bo? /eadily &       
rapidly2 t he is n de/9$1 l s _m o!rs1  
to be      rememb]$ = :at he might h    
done r ?an = :at      he did2 t he w n  
rema9 a poet ( m]e temp]am5t1      b is 
rip5+ into a true arti/4444 ,we pr$ict1 
t1 z      ,mr4 ,t5nyson advances 9 g5]al
 spiritual culture1 ^!      high] aims w
 become m & m pr$om9ant 9 8      writ+s2
 t he w /rive m & m dilig5tly1 &1       
ev5 )\t /riv+1 w be m & m impell$ by !  

natural t5d5cies ( an exp&+ "*1 t[>ds   
:at      has be5 describ$ z ! highe/    
object ( poetry1--'to      incorporate !
 ev]la/+ reason ( man 9 =ms visible     
to 8 s5se1 & suitable to x4'  ,?is la/  
s5t5ce might easily be con/ru$ into a   
pr$iction ( ,9 ,memoriam & ,! ,idyls ( !
 ,k+4  ,if x is ask$ :y ,mr4 ,mill1 )   
all 8 wid? ( k & sympa?y1 has a*iev$ s  
little ( a reputation z a miscellane\s  
writ]1 "p ( ! reason no d\bt is1 t he   
/]nly repress$ 8 desultory t5d5cies1 &  
devot$ 8 p[]s to special bran*es ( k1   
atta9+ 9 !m a di/9ction t obscur$ 8 o!r 
writ+s4 ,ano!r reason is1 t1 al?\gh 8   
/yle is extremely cle>1 he 0 = popul>   
purposes dang]\sly famili> ) t]ms       
belong+ m or less to ! s*ools4 ,he      
employ$ ^! 9 lit]>y g5]alizations1 )\t  
rememb]+ t !y 7 n equally famili> to 8  
read]s2 & ?us g5]al read]s1 l ,tom      
,moore1 or ! au?or ( ! rec5t notice 9 ,!
 ,times1 :o read m = amusem5t ?an       
in/ruction1 7 dispos$ to consid] ,mr4   
,mill's /yle va/ly unreadable4  ,w4     

,,m9to4     ,,vi4  ,,8 ,,"w ,,9         
,,philosophy   ,to a savage contemplat+ 
a railway tra9 9 motion1 ! eng9e w\ld   
pres5t itself z ! ma/] ( ! situation1--!
 det]m9+ cause ( ! motion & direction ( 
! tra94 ,x visibly takes ! lead1 x looks
 big & important1 & x makes a great     
noise4 ,ev5 p a long way up 9 ! scale ( 
civilization are 9 ! habit ( tak+ ^!    
attributes1 p]haps n z ! ess5tial ones (
 lead]%ip1 b at all ev5ts z ^? by :i* a 
lead] may be recogniz$4 ,/ill t blu/]+  
ma*9e1 :i* puffs & snorts1 & drags a va/
 multitude 9 its wake1 is mov+ along a  
track det]m9$ by a man hidd5 away f !   
public gaze4 ,a l9e ( rail lies sep>at$ 
f an adjac5t "o1 ! po9tsman moves a     
h&le1 & ! foam+ giant1 t w\ld1 x may be1
 h sp$ on to 8 de/ruction & t ( !       
passive crew :o foll[ 9 8 re>1 is %unt$ 
to ano!r l9e runn+ 9 a diff]5t direction
 & to a m desirable goal4  ,! great     
intellectual po9tsman ( our age--! man  
:o has done m ?an any o!r ( ?is g5]ation
 to give direction to ! ?\ght ( 8       

contempor>ies--has pass$ away2 & we are 
left to measure ! loss to humanity by ! 
result ( 8 labors4 ,mr4 ,mill's         
a*ievem5ts 9 bo? bran*es ( philosophy   
are su* z to give him ! =emo/ place 9   
ei!r4 ,:e!r we reg>d him z an exp\nd] ( 
! philosophy ( m9d or ! philosophy (    
society1 he is facile pr9ceps4 ,/ill x  
is 8 "w 9 m5tal sci5ce :i* w1 9 our     
op9ion1 be 9 future look$ ^u z 8 great  
contribution to ! progress ( ?\ght4 ,8  
"w on political economy n only put into 
?or\gh repair ! /ructure rais$ by ,adam 
,smi?1 ,mal?us1 & ,ric>do1 b rais$ x at 
lea/ "o /ory high]4 ,8 ine/imable ,sy/em
 ( ,logic 0 a revolution4 ,x h>dly ne$s1
 ( c\rse1 to be said t he ow$ mu* to 8  
pr$ecessors1--t he borr[$ f ,:ewell mu* 
( 8 classification1 f ,br[n ! *ief l9es 
( 8 !ory ( causation1 f ,sir ,john      
,h]s*el ! ma9 pr9ciples ( ! inductive   
me?ods4 ,^? :o ?9k ?is a disp>agem5t ( 8
 "w mu/ h v little conception ( ! mass (
 orig9al ?\ght t /ill rema9s to ,mr4    
,mill's cr$it1 ! great critical p[] t   

c\ld ga!r valuable tru?s f s _m         
discordant s\rces1 & ! wond]ful syn!tic 
ability requir$ to weld ^! & 8 own      
contributions into "o organic :ole4  ,:5
 ,mr4 ,mill comm5c$ 8 labors1 ! only    
logic recogniz$ 0 ! syllogi/ic4 ,reason+
 consi/$ solely1 accord+ to ! !n dom9ant
 s*ool1 9 d$uc+ f g5]al propositions o!r
 propositions less g5]al4 ,x 0 ev5      
ass]t$ confid5tly1 t no?+ m 0 to be     
expect$1--t an inductive logic 0        
impossible4 ,?is conception ( logical   
sci5ce necessitat$ "s g5]al propositions
 to />t )2 & ^! g5]al propositions be+  
ex hypo!si incapable ( be+ prov$ f o!r  
propositions1 x foll[$1 t1 if !y 7 kn[n 
to u at all1 !y mu/ be orig9al data (   
consci\sness4 ,"h 0 a p]fect p>adise (  
"q begg+4 ,! ultimate major premise 9 e 
argum5t be+ assum$1 x c\ld ( c\rse be   
fa%ion$ accord+ to ! p>ticul> conclusion
 x 0 call$ 9 to prove4 ,?us an          
'artificial ignorance1' z ,locke calls  
x1 0 produc$1 :i* _h ! effect (         
sanctify+ prejudice by recogniz+ s-call$

 necessities ( ?\ght z ! only bases (   
reason+4 ,x is true1 t outside ( ! logic
 ( ! s*ools great advances _h be5 made 9
 ! rules ( sci5tific inve/igation2 b ^! 
rules 7 n only imp]fect 9 !mselves1 b _!
 connection ) ! law ( causation 0 b     
imp]fectly realiz$1 & _! true relation  
to syllogism h>dly dreamt (4  ,mr4 ,mill
 alt]$ all ?is4 ,he demon/rat$ t ! g5]al
 type ( reason+ is nei!r f g5]als to    
p>ticul>s1 nor f p>ticul>s to g5]als1 b 
f p>ticul>s to p>ticul>s4 ,if f our     
exp]i5ce ( ,john1 ,?omas1 c41 :o once 7 
liv+1 b are n[ dead1 we are entitl$ to  
conclude t all human be+s are mortal1 we
 might surely1 )\t any logical          
inconsequ5ce1 h conclud$ at once f ^?   
in/ances1 t ! ,duke ( ,well+ton is      
mortal4 ,! mortality ( ,john1 ,?omas1 & 
o!rs is1 aft] all1 ! :ole evid5ce we h =
 ! mortality ( ! ,duke ( ,well+ton4 ,n  
"o iota is add$ to ! pro( by int]polat+ 
a g5]al proposition4 ,we n only may1    
accord+ to ,mr4 ,mill1 reason f "s      
p>ticul> in/ances to o!rs1 b we         

frequ5tly d s4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ! in/ances :i*
 are suffici5t to prove "o fre% in/ance 
mu/ be suffici5t to prove a g5]al       
proposition1 x is mo/ conv5i5t to at    
once inf] t g5]al proposition1 :i* !n   
becomes a =mula accord+ to :i* 7b n f   
:i*7 any numb] ( p>ticul> inf]5ces may  
be made4 ,! "w ( d$uction is !          
int]pretation ( ^! =mulas1 & !re=e1     
/rictly speak+1 is n inf]5tial at all4  
,! real inf]5ce 0 accompli%$ :5 !       
univ]sal proposition 0 arriv$ at4  ,x w 
easily be se5 t ?is explanation ( !     
d$uctive process completely turns !     
tables on ! transc5d5tal s*ool4 ,all    
reason+ is %[n to be at bottom          
inductive4 ,inductions & _!             
int]pretation make up ! :ole ( logic2 & 
to induction accord+ly ,mr4 ,mill devot$
 8 *ief att5tion4 ,= ! fir/ "t induction
 0 treat$ z ! opus magnum ( logic1 & !  
fundam5tal pr9ciples ( sci5ce trac$ to  
_! inductive orig94 ,x 0 ?is1 tak5 ) 8  
!ory ( ! syllogism1 :i* work$ ! great   
*ange4 ,bo? 8 ,sy/em ( ,logic & 8       

,exam9ation ( ,sir ,william ,hamilton's 
,philosophy are = ! mo/ "p devot$ to    
=tify+ ?is position1 & demoli%+ beliefs 
inconsi/5t ) x4 ,z a sy/ematic          
psy*ologi/ ,mr4 ,mill has n done s mu* z
 ei!r ,pr(essor ,ba9 or ,mr4 ,h]b]t     
,sp5c]4 ,! p]fection ( 8 me?od1 its     
application1 & ! uproot+ ( prejudices   
:i* /ood 9 its way1--?is 0 ! task to :i*
 ,mr4 ,mill appli$ himself ) an ability 
& success r>ely mat*$ & nev] surpass$4  
,! bigge/ lion 9 ! pa? 0 ! doctr9e (    
s-call$ necess>y tru?4 ,?is doctr9e 0   
especially obnoxi\s to him1 z x set up a
 purely subjective /&>d ( tru?1 & a     
/&>d--z he 0 easily able to %[--v>y+    
accord+ to ! psy*ological hi/ory ( !    
individual4 ,su* ?9k]s z ,dr4 ,:ewell & 
,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] _h to be met 9       
intellectual combat4 ,dr4 ,:ewell held1 
n t ! inconceivability ( ! contradictory
 ( a proposition is a pro( ( its tru?   
co-equal ) exp]i5ce1 b t its value      
transc5ds exp]i5ce4 ,exp]i5ce may tell u
 :at is2 b x is by ! impossibility (    

conceiv+ x o!rwise t we "k x mu/ be4    
,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 too1 holds t        
propositions ^: negation is             
inconceivable h a high] w>rant ?an any  
o!r :atev]4 ,x is ?r\gh ?is door t      
ontological belief 0 suppos$ to ent]4   
,?+s 9 !mselves 7 to be believ$ 9       
because we c\ld n help x4 ,mod]n        
,n\m5ali/s agree t we c "k no?+ m ( ?+s 
9 !mselves ?an _! exi/5ce1 b ?is !y     
cont9ue to ass]t ) a vehem5ce only      
equall$ by its want ( mean+4  ,9 8      
,exam9ation ( ,sir ,william ,hamilton's 
,philosophy1 ,mr4 ,mill gives battle to 
?is mode ( ?\ght4 ,aft] review+1 9 an   
op5+ *apt]1 ! v>i\s views :i* h be5 held
 respect+ ! relativity ( human k1 & /at+
 8 own doctr9e1 he proce$s to judge by  
?is /&>d ! philosophy ( ! absolute &    
,sir ,william ,hamilton's relation to x4
 ,! argum5t is really on ! "q :e!r we h 
or h n an intuition ( ,god1 ?\gh1 z ,mr4
 ,mill says1 ! "n ( ,god is veil$ "u two
 extremely ab/ract phrases1--',!        
,inf9ite' & ',! ,absolute4' ,s pr(\nd & 

fri5dly a ?9k] z ! late ,mr4 ,grote held
 ?is rais+ ( ! veil inexp$i5t1 b he     
prov$1 by a mi/ake he fell into1 !      
necessity ( look+ at ! matt] 9 !        
concrete4 ,he ackn[l$g$ ! =ce ( ,mr4    
,mill's argum5t1 t ,! ,inf9ite mu/      
include a f>rago ( contradictions2 b s  
also1 he said1 does ! ,f9ite4 ,n[       
und\bt$ly f9ite ?+s1 tak5 di/ributively1
 h contradictory attributes1 b n z a    
class4 ,/ill less is !re any "o         
individual ?+1 ,! ,f9ite1 9 :i* ^!      
contradictory attributes inh]e4 ,b x 0  
aga9/ a correspond+ be+1 ,! ,inf9ite1 t 
,mr4 ,mill 0 argu+4 ,x is ?is t he calls
 a fasciculus ( contradictions1 & reg>d$
 z ! r$uctio ad absurdissimum ( !       
transc5d5tal philosophy4  ,mr4 ,mill's  
religi\s t5d5cies may v well be ga!r$ f 
a passage 9 8 review ( ,augu/e ,comte1 a
 philosoph] ) :om he agre$ on all po9ts 
save ^? :i* are specially ,m4 ,comte's4 
,c&id p]sons ( all cre$s may be will+ to
 admit1 t if a p]son has an ideal       
object1 8 atta*m5t & s5se ( duty t[>ds  

:i* are able to control & discipl9e all 
8 o!r s5tim5ts & prop5sities1 &         
prescribe to him a rule ( life1 t p]son 
has a religion2 & ?\gh e "o naturally   
pref]s 8 own religion to any o!r1 all   
mu/ admit1 t if ! object ( 8 atta*m5t1 &
 ( ?is feel+ ( duty1 is ! aggregate (   
our fell[-creatures1 ?is religion ( !   
infidel _c 9 hone/y & consci5ce be call$
 an intr9sically bad "o4 ,_m inde$ may  
be unable to believe t ?is object is    
capable ( ga!r+ r\nd x feel+s           
suffici5tly /rong2 b ?is is exactly !   
po9t on :i* a d\bt c h>dly rema9 9 an   
intellig5t read] ( ,m4 ,comte3 & we jo9 
) him 9 contemn+1 z equally irrational &
 mean1 ! conception ( human nature z    
incapable ( giv+ its love1 & devot+ its 
exi/5ce1 to any object :i* _c af=d 9    
ex*ange an et]nity ( p]sonal enjoym5t4  
,nev] has ! libel ( humanity involv$ 9 !
 curr5t !ology be5 m =cibly po9t$ out1 )
 its con/ant appeal to l[ motives (     
p]sonal ga91 or /ill l[] motives (      
p]sonal fe>4 ,nev] has ! religi\s       

s5tim5t :i* mu/ take ! place ( ! pres5t 
awe ( ! unkn[n be5 m cle>ly indicat$4 ,x
 is ?is noble s5tim5t :i* %9es out f e  
page ( ,mr4 ,mill's writ+s & all 8      
relations to 8 fell[-creatures3 ! v     
birds ab\t 8 dwell+ seem$ to recognize  
x4 ,x is ?is noble s5tim5t :i* infuses a
 s\l ( life into 8 tea*+s1 & !          
enunciation & act+-out ( :i* con/itute  
him1 n only ! great philosoph]1 b also !
 great prophet ( our "t4  ,j4 ,h4       
,,levy4     ,,vii  ,,8 ,,/udies ,,9     
,,morals ,,& ,,jurisprud5ce   ,! two    
*ief *>act]i/ics ( ,mr4 ,mill's m9d are 
conspicu\s 9 ! field ( morals &         
jurisprud5ce4 ,he unit$ 9 an extraord9>y
 degree an int5se delight 9 ?9k+ = its  
own sake1 ) an almo/ passionate desire  
to make 8 intellectual excursions       
contribute to ! amelioration ( ! lot (  
mank9d1 especially ( ! poor] & suff]+ "p
 ( mank9d4 ,& yet he nev] all[$ ^? high 
aims to cla% ) "o ano!r3 he did n       
degrade 8 intellect to ! sophi/ical     
(fice ( f9d+ reasons = a policy aris+ f 

m]e emotion1 nor did he p]mit x to run  
wa/e 9 b>r5 speculations1 :i* might h   
excit$ admiration1 b nev] c\ld h done   
any good4 ,?is is ! reason :y s _m      
p]sons h be5 unable to und]/& him z !   
prophet ( utilit>ianism4 ,a man ( su*   
exquisite feel+1 ( su* pure             
consci5ti\sness1 ( su* self-d5y+ life1  
mu/ surely be an advocate ( :at is call$
 absolute morality4 ,utilit>ianism is ! 
prop] cre$ ( h>d unemotional natures1 :o
 d n respond to ! m subtle moral        
influ5ces4 ,su* is ! view natural to ^? 
:o _c dissociate ! ^w utilit>ianism f ! 
n>r[ mean+ ( utility1 z contra/$ ) !    
pleasures ( art4 ,! infirmity ( human   
language excuses su* errors2 = !        
language 9 :i* controv]sy is conduct$ is
 s color$ by s5tim5t t x may well happ5 
t two %all agree on ! ?+1 & fight to !  
dea? ab\t ! ^w4 ,we ne$ ! support ( su* 
reflections :5 we recall ! hi/ory ( su* 
a ^w z pleasure4 ,to pursue pleasure1   
say ! anti-utilit>ians1 is a sw9i%      
doctr9e4 ,yes1 repli$ ,mr4 ,mill1 if m5 

7 sw9e1 & capable only ( ! pleasures    
appropriate to t species ( animals4 ,^? 
:o c\ld n answ] ?is argum5t1 & at ! same
 "t _c dive/ !mselves ( ! association ( 
pleasure ) ! ignoble1 took refuge 9 !   
*>ge ( inconsi/5cy1 &1 f9d+ !re 0 n less
 b m nobility 9 ,mr4 ,mill's writ+ ?an  
_! own !ory1 accus$ him ( ab&on+ !      
tradition ( 8 s*ool4 ,mahomet w\ld n g  
to ! m\nta91 & !y pleas$ !mselves ) !   
?\ght t ! m\nta9 _h gone to ,mahomet4   
,su* a *>ge is really tantam\nt to a    
confession t popul> antipa?y 0 m easily 
excit$ by ! ^w ?an by ! real doctr9e4   
,nev]!less ,mr4 ,mill did an            
incalculable s]vice 9 %[+ n less by 8   
:ole life1 ?an by 8 writ+s1 t           
utilit>ianism takes acc\nt ( all t is   
good 9 man's nature1 & includes ! highe/
 emotions1 z well z ^? t are m          
commonplace4 ,he took away a c]ta9      
reproa* ( n>r[ness1 :i* 0 nev] 9 !      
doctr9e1 & :i* 0 l\dly1 ?\gh p]haps )   
little reason1 urg$ aga9/ "s ( its mo/  
conspicu\s support]s4 ,an important     

addition to ! !ory ( morals is also     
conta9$ 9 ! book on ,utilit>ianism4 ,8  
analysis ( ju/ice is "o ( ! happie/     
ef=ts ( inductive def9ition to be f\nd 9
 any book on e?ics4 ,f any po9t ( view1 
x mu/ be reg>d$ z a valuable addition to
 ! lit]ature ( e?ical philosophy4  ,!   
some:at te*nical subject ( jurisprud5ce 
0 n too mu* = ,mr4 ,mill's imm5se p[] ( 
assimilation4 ,"o ( 8 e>lie/ ef=ts 0 z  
editor ( ,b5?am's ,rationale ( ,judicial
 ,evid5ce4 ,he mu/1 !re=e1 at an e>ly   
p]iod1 h be5 ma/] ( ! mo/ orig9al &     
enlight5$ !ory ( judicial evid5ce t ! _w
 has se54 ,he liv$ to see ne>ly all !   
important innovations propos$ by ,b5?am 
become "p & p>cel ( ! law ( ! l&2 "o ( !
 la/ relics ( bigotry--! exclusion (    
hone/ a!i/s 7& only ( su*7 f !          
witness-box--hav+ be5 remov$ two or ?ree
 ye>s ago4 ,mr4 ,mill1 9 aft] ye>s1     
att5d$ ,au/9's fam\s lectures on        
jurisprud5ce1 tak+ ext5sive notes2 s t  
he 0 able to supply ! matt] want+ to    
complete two important lectures1 z !y 7 

pr9t$ 9 ! fir/ edition ( ,au/9's works4 
,among ! ,diss]tations & ,discussions1  
is a criticism ( ,au/9's "w1 :i* %[s t  
he 0 f> m ?an a s*ol>1--a mo/ compet5t  
judge ( 8 ma/]4 ,he po9t$ out 9 ,au/9's 
def9ition ( "r a real defect4 ,"o ( !   
po9ts t ,au/9 elaborat$ mo/ 0 a         
classification su* z might s]ve = a     
sci5tific code ( law4 ,mr4 ,mill fully  
ackn[l$g$ ! m]its ( ! s*eme1 b laid 8   
f+] un]r+ly on its weake/ "p4 ,8 rem>ks 
%[1 t1 if he _h foll[$ up ! subject ) an
 adequate k ( any good sy/em ( law1 he  
w\ld h rivall$ or surpass$ 8 a*ievem5ts 
9 o!r dep>tm5ts ( k4  ,w4 ,a4 ,,hunt]4  
,,viii4  ,,8 ,,"w ,,9 ,,political       
,,economy4   ,! task ( fairly e/imat+ ! 
value ( ,mr4 ,mill's a*ievem5ts 9       
political economy--& inde$ ! same rem>k 
applies to :at he has done 9 e dep>tm5t 
( philosophy--is r5d]$ p>ticul>ly       
difficult by a circum/ance :i*          
con/itutes _! pr9cipal m]it4 ,! "* ( 8  
intellectual1 no less ?an ( 8 moral     
nature1 l$ him to /rive to connect 8    

?\ghts1 :atev] 0 ! bran* ( k at :i* he  
labor$1 ) ! previ\sly-exi/+ body (      
speculation1 to fit !m into ! same      
framework1 & exhibit !m z p>ts ( ! same 
s*eme2 s t x might be truly said ( him1 
t he 0 at m pa9s to conceal ! orig9ality
 & indep5d5t value ( 8 contributions to 
! /ock ( k ?an mo/ writ]s are to set =? 
^? qualities 9 _! compositions4 ,z a    
consequ5ce ( ?is1 ha/y read]s ( 8 works1
 :ile recogniz+ ! compreh5siv5ess ( 8   
m9d1 h sometimes d5i$ its orig9ality2 & 
9 political economy 9 p>ticul> he has   
be5 frequ5tly repres5t$ z little m ?an  
an expositor & popul>iz] ( ,ric>do4 ,x  
_c be d5i$ t !re is a %[ ( tru? 9 ?is   
repres5tation2 ab\t z mu* z !re w\ld be 
9 ass]t+ t ,laplace & ,h]s*el 7 !       
expositors & popul>iz]s ( ,newton1 or t 
,f>aday p]=m$ a l (fice = ,sir ,humphry 
,davy4 ,9 tru?1 ?is is an incid5t ( all 
progressive sci5ce4 ,! cultivators 9 ea*
 age may1 9 a s5se1 be said to be !     
int]pret]s & popul>iz]s ( ^? :o h prec$$
 !m2 & x is 9 ?is s5se1 & 9 ?is s5se    

only1 t ?is "p c be attribut$ to ,mill4 
,9 ?is respect he is to be /rongly      
contra/$ ) ! great majority ( writ]s on 
political economy1 :o1 on ! /r5g? p]haps
 ( a v]bal correction or an unimportant 
qualification ( a receiv$ doctr9e1 if n 
on ! score ( a pure fallacy1 w\ld fa9   
p]suade u t !y h a*iev$ a revolution 9  
economic doctr9e1 & t ! entire sci5ce   
mu/ be rebuilt f its f\ndation 9        
con=mity ) _! s*eme4 ,?is sort ( ?+ has 
done inf9ite mis*ief to ! progress (    
economic sci5ce2 & "o ( ,mill's great   
m]its is1 t bo? by example & by precept 
he /eadily disc\nt5anc$ x4 ,8 anxiety to
 affiliate 8 own speculations to ^? ( 8 
pr$ecessors is a m>k$ feature 9 all 8   
philosophical works1 & illu/rates at    
once ! mode/y & compreh5siv5ess ( 8 m9d4
  ,x is q true t ,mill1 z an economi/1 0
 l>gely indebt$ to ,ric>do2 & he has s  
fully & frequ5tly ackn[l$g$ ! debt1 t   
!re is "s dang] ( rat+ ! obligation too 
highly4 ,z he himself us$ to put x1     
,ric>do suppli$ ! backbone ( ! sci5ce2 b

 x is n less c]ta9 t ! limbs1 ! jo9ts1 !
 muscul> developm5ts1--all t r5d]s      
political economy a complete & organiz$ 
body ( k1--h be5 ! "w ( ,mill4 ,9       
,ric>do's great "w1 ! fundam5tal        
doctr9es ( production1 di/ribution1 &   
ex*ange h be5 laid d[n1 b = ! mo/ "p 9  
m]e outl9e2 s mu* s1 t sup]ficial /ud5ts
 are 9 g5]al :olly unable to connect 8  
/atem5t ( pr9ciples ) ! facts1 z we f9d 
!m1 ( indu/rial life4 ,h5ce we h        
innum]able refutations ( ,ric>do1--almo/
 inv>iably refutations ( ! writ]s' own  
misconceptions4 ,9 ,mill's exposition1 !
 connection betwe5 pr9ciples & facts    
becomes cle> & intelligible4 ,!         
conditions & modes ( action are exhibit$
 by :i* human wants & desires--! motive 
p[]s ( indu/ry--come to issue 9 ! actual
 ph5om5a ( weal?1 & political economy   
becomes a sy/em ( doctr9es susceptible (
 direct application to human affairs4 ,z
 an example1 ,i may ref] to ,mill's     
developm5t ( ,ric>do's doctr9e ( =eign  
trade4 ,9 ,ric>do's pages1 ! fundam5tal 

pr9ciples ( t dep>tm5t ( ex*ange are    
inde$ laid d[n ) a ma/]'s h&2 b = !     
majority ( read]s !y h little relation  
to ! actual comm]ce ( ! _w4 ,turn to    
,mill1 & all becomes cle>4 ,pr9ciples ( 
! mo/ ab/ract k9d are translat$ into    
concrete language1 & br\ght to expla9   
famili> facts2 & ?is result is a*iev$1 n
 simply or *iefly by virtue ( m]e       
lucidity ( exposition1 b ?r\gh !        
discov]y & exhibition ( modify+         
conditions & l9ks 9 ! *a9 ( causes      
ov]look$ by ,ric>do4 ,x 0 9 8 ,essays on
 ,unsettl$ ,que/ions 9 ,political       
,economy t 8 views ^u ?is subject 7 fir/
 giv5 to ! _w1--a "w ( :i* ,m4 ,*]buliez
 ( ,g5eva speaks z un travail le plus   
important et le plus orig9al dont la    
sci5ce economique se soit enri*ie depuis
 une v+ta9e d'annes4  ,on "s po9ts1     
h[ev]1 & ^! po9ts ( supreme importance1 
! contributions ( ,mill to economic     
sci5ce are v mu* m ?an developm5ts--ev5 
?\gh we und]/& t t]m 9 its l>ge/ s5se--(
 any previ\s writ]4 ,no "o c h /udi$    

political economy 9 ! works ( its e>li] 
cultivators )\t be+ /ruck ) ! dre>9ess (
 ! outlook :i*1 9 ! ma91 x discloses = !
 human race4 ,x seems to h be5 ,ric>do's
 delib]ate op9ion1 t a sub/antial       
improvem5t 9 ! condition ( ! mass (     
mank9d 0 impossible4 ,he consid]$ x z ! 
normal /ate ( ?+s t wages %\ld be at !  
m9imum requisite to support ! labor] 9  
physical heal? & /r5g?1 & to enable him 
to br+ up a family l>ge en\gh to supply 
! wants ( ! labor-m>ket4 ,a tempor>y    
improvem5t inde$1 z ! consequ5ce ( exp&+
 comm]ce & gr[+ capital1 he saw t !re   
might be2 b he held t ! =ce ( ! pr9ciple
 ( population 0 always p[]ful en\gh s to
 augm5t ! supply ( labor z to br+ wages 
ev] aga9 d[n to ! m9imum po9t4 ,s       
completely _h ?is belief become a fix$  
idea 9 ,ric>do's m9d1 t he confid5tly   
drew f x ! consequ5ce1 t 9 no case c\ld 
taxation fall on ! labor]1 s9ce--liv+1 z
 a normal /ate ( ?+s1 on ! l[e/ possible
 /ip5d adequate to ma9ta9 him & 8       
family--he w\ld inevitably1 he argu$1   

transf] ! burd5 to 8 employ]2 & a tax   
nom9ally on wages w\ld 9 ! result become
 inv>iably a tax ^u pr(its4 ,on ?is po9t
 ,mill's doctr9e leads to conclusions   
directly oppos$ to ,ric>do's1 & to ^? ( 
mo/ prec$+ economi/s4 ,& x w illu/rate 8
 position z a ?9k]1 9 relation to !m1 if
 we note h[ ?is result 0 obta9$4 ,mill  
nei!r d5i$ ! premises nor disput$ !     
logic ( ,ric>do's argum5t3 he accept$   
bo?2 & 9 p>ticul> he recogniz$ fully !  
=ce ( ! pr9ciple ( population2 b he took
 acc\nt ( a fur!r premise :i* ,ric>do _h
 ov]look$1 & :i*1 duly weigh$1 l$ to a  
rev]sal ( ,ric>do's conclusion4 ,!      
m9imum ( wages1 ev5 su* z x exi/s 9 !   
case ( ! wor/-paid labor]1 is n ! v lea/
 sum t human nature c subsi/ ^u3 x is   
some?+ m ?an ?is2 9 ! case ( all above !
 wor/-paid class x is decid$ly m4 ,!    
m9imum is1 9 tru?1 n a physical b a     
moral m9imum1 & z su*1 is capable ( be+ 
alt]$ ) ! *anges 9 ! moral "* ( ^? :om x
 affects4 ,9 a ^w1 ea* class has a c]ta9
 /&>d ( com=t bel[ :i* x w n cons5t to  

live1 or at lea/ to multiply1--a /&>d1  
h[ev]1 n fix$1 b liable to modification 
) ! *ang+ circum/ances ( society1 & :i*1
 9 ! case ( a progressive community1 is1
 9 po9t ( fact1 con/antly ris+1 z moral 
& intellectual influ5ces are br\ght m & 
m effectually to be> on ! masses ( ! p4 
,?is 0 ! new premise br\ght by ,mill to 
! elucidation ( ! wages "q2 & x suffic$ 
to *ange ! entire aspect ( human life   
reg>d$ f ! po9t ( view ( political      
economy4 ,! practical d$uctions made f x
 7 set =? 9 ! celebrat$ *apt] on ,!     
,future ( ! ,indu/rial ,classes1--a     
*apt] :i* x is no exagg]ation to say    
places a gulf betwe5 ,mill & all :o     
prec$$ him1 & op5s an entirely new vi/a 
to economic speculation4  ,! doctr9e ( !
 sci5ce ) :i* ,mill's "n has be5 mo/    
prom95tly associat$ )9 ! la/ few ye>s is
 t :i* relates to ! economic nature (   
l&1 & ! consequ5ces to :i* ?is %\ld lead
 9 practical legislation4 ,x is v       
commonly believ$1 t on ?is po9t ,mill   
has />t$ aside f ! beat5 highway (      

economic ?\ght1 & prop\nd$ views :olly  
at v>iance ) ^? g5]ally ent]ta9$ by     
or?odox economi/s4 ,no economi/ ne$ be  
told t ?is is an entire mi/ake4 ,9 tru?1
 !re is no portion ( ! economic field 9 
:i* ,mill's orig9ality is less          
conspicu\s ?an 9 t :i* deals ) ! l&4 ,8 
ass]tion ( ! peculi> nature ( l&$       
prop]ty1 & aga9 8 doctr9e z to ! une>n$ 
increm5t ( value aris+ f l& ) ! gr[? (  
society1 are simply direct d$uctions f  
,ric>do's !ory ( r5t1 & _c be consi/5tly
 d5i$ by any "o :o accepts t !ory4 ,all 
t ,mill has done "h has be5 to po9t !   
application ( pr9ciples all b univ]sally
 accept$ to ! practical affairs ( life4 
,?is is n ! place to consid] h[ f> !    
plan propos$ by him = ?is purpose is    
susceptible ( practical realization2 b x
 may at lea/ be confid5tly /at$1 t !    
sci5tific basis on :i* 8 proposal re/s  
is no /range novelty inv5t$ by him1 b   
simply a pr9ciple z fundam5tal & widely 
recogniz$ z any )9 ! range ( ! sci5ce ( 
:i* x =ms a "p4  ,i h j rem>k$ t ,mill's

 orig9ality is less conspicu\s 9        
relation to ! economic !ory ( l& ?an 9  
o!r problems ( political economy1 b !   
read] mu/ n und]/& me f ?is to say1 t he
 has n v l>gely contribut$ to !         
elucidation ( ?is topic4 ,he has inde$  
done s1 ?\gh n1 z is commonly suppos$1  
by sett+ aside pr9ciples e/abli%$ by 8  
pr$ecessors1 b1 z 8 mann] 01 :ile       
accept+ ^? pr9ciples1 by introduc+ a new
 premise into ! argum5t4 ,! new premise 
introduc$ 9 ?is case 0 ! influ5ce (     
cu/om z modify+ ! action ( competition4 
,! exi/5ce ( an active competition1 on !
 "o h& betwe5 f>m]s seek+ f>ms1 on ! o!r
 betwe5 f>m+ & o!r modes ( indu/ry z    
(f]+ inducem5ts to ! inve/m5t ( capital1
 is a con/ant assumption 9 ! reason+ by 
:i* ,ric>do arriv$ at 8 !ory ( r5t4     
,grant+ ?is assumption1 x foll[$ t f>m]s
 z a rule w\ld pay nei!r high] nor l[]  
r5ts ?an w\ld leave !m 9 possession ( ! 
av]age pr(its on _! capital curr5t 9 !  
c\ntry4 ,mill fully ackn[l$g$ ! =ce (   
?is reason+1 & accept$ ! conclusion z   

true :]ev] ! conditions assum$ 7        
realiz$2 b he proce$$ to po9t out1 t1 9 
po9t ( fact1 ! conditions are n realiz$ 
ov] ! great] portion ( ! _w1 &1 z a     
consequ5ce1 t ! r5t actually paid by !  
cultivators to ! own]s ( ! soil by no   
means1 z a g5]al rule1 corresponds ) t  
portion ( ! produce :i* ,ric>do consid]$
 z prop]ly r5t4 ,! real regulator (     
actual r5t ov] ! great] "p ( ! habitable
 globe 01 he %[$1 n competition1 b      
cu/om2 & he fur!r po9t$ out t !re are   
c\ntries 9 :i* ! actual r5t paid by !   
cultivators is gov]n$ nei!r by ! causes 
set =? by ,ric>do1 nor yet by cu/om1 b  
by a ?ird cause diff]5t f ei!r1--!      
absolute w ( ! own]s ( ! soil1 controll$
 only by ! physical exig5cies ( !       
cultivator1 or by ! fe> ( 8 v5geance if 
di/urb$ 9 8 hold+4 ,! recognition ( ?is 
/ate ( ?+s ?rew an entirely new light   
ov] ! :ole problem ( l&-t5ure1 & pla9ly 
furni%$ gr\nds = legislative int]f]5ce 9
 ! contracts betwe5 l&lords & t5ants4   
,its application to ,irel& 0 obvi\s2 &  

,mill himself1 z ! _w kn[s1 did n       
hesitate to urge ! application ) all !  
en]gy & en?usiasm :i* he inv>iably ?rew 
into e cause t he esp\s$4  ,9 ! above   
rem>ks1 ,i h attempt$ to indicate       
briefly "s few ( ! sali5t features 9    
,mill's contributions to ! sci5ce (     
political economy4 ,!re is /ill "o m :i*
 ought n to be omitt$ f ev5 ! mo/ meagre
 summ>y4 ,mill 0 n ! fir/ to treat      
political economy z a sci5ce2 b he 0 !  
fir/1 if n to p]ceive1 at lea/ to en=ce 
! lesson1 t1 j because x is a sci5ce1   
its conclusions c>ri$ ) !m no obligatory
 =ce ) ref]5ce to human conduct4 ,z a   
sci5ce1 x tells u t c]ta9 modes ( action
 lead to c]ta9 results2 b x rema9s = ea*
 man to judge ( ! value ( ! results ?us 
br\ght ab\t1 & to decide :e!r or n x is 
wor? :ile to adopt ! means necess>y = _!
 atta9m5t4 ,9 ! writ+s ( ! economi/s :o 
prec$$ ,mill1 x is v g5]ally assum$1 t  
to prove t a c]ta9 c\rse ( conduct t5ds 
to ! mo/ rapid increase ( weal? suffices
 to entail ^u all :o accept ! argum5t ! 

obligation ( adopt+ ! c\rse :i* leads to
 ?is result4 ,mill absolutely repudiat$ 
?is inf]5ce1 &1 :ile accept+ ! !oretic  
conclusion1 held himself p]fectly free  
to adopt 9 practice :atev] c\rse he     
pref]r$4 ,x 0 n = political economy or =
 any sci5ce to say :at are ! ends mo/   
wor?y ( be+ pursu$ by human be+s2 ! task
 ( sci5ce is complete :5 x %[s u ! means
 by :i* ! ends may be atta9$2 b x is =  
ea* individual man to decide h[ f> ! end
 is desirable at ! co/ :i* its atta9m5t 
involves4 ,9 a ^w1 ! sci5ces %\ld be our
 s]vants1 & n our ma/]s4 ,?is 0 a lesson
 :i* ,mill 0 ! fir/ to en=ce1 & by en=c+
 :i* he may be said to h emancipat$     
economi/s f ! ?raldom ( _! own tea*+4 ,x
 is 9 no slight degree ?r\gh ! con/ant  
recognition ( its tru?1 t he has be5    
enabl$ to dive/ ( repulsiv5ess ev5 ! mo/
 ab/ract speculations1 & to imp>t a gl[ 
( human int]e/ to all t he has t\*$4    
,j4 ,e4 ,,cairnes4     ,,ix4  ,,8       
,,influ5ce ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sities4   ,"s
 "t ago1 :5 !re 0 no reason to suppose t

 we %\ld s soon h to m\rn ! loss ( !    
great ?9k] & ( ! k9d fri5d :o has j     
pass$ away1 ,i _h occasion to rem>k ^u !
 influ5ce :i* ,mr4 ,mill _h ex]cis$ at !
 univ]sities4 ,i w quote my words z !y  
/&1 because x is difficult to write )   
imp>tiality ab\t "o ^: rec5t dea? we are
 deplor+2 & ,mr4 ,mill w\ld1 ,i am sure1
 h be5 ! fir/ to say1 t x is c]ta9ly n  
honor+ ! memory ( "o :o is dead to lavi%
 ^u him praise :i* w\ld n be be/[$ ^u   
him if he 7 liv+4 ,i w !re=e repeat my  
words exactly z !y 7 writt5 two ye>s    
s9ce3 ',any "o :o has resid$ dur+ ! la/ 
tw5ty ye>s at ei!r ( our univ]sities mu/
 h notic$ t ,mr4 ,mill is ! au?or :o has
 mo/ p[]fully influ5c$ ne>ly all ! "y m5
 ( ! greate/ promise4' ,9 ?us ref]r+ to 
! p[]ful influ5ce ex]cis$ by ,mr4       
,mill's works1 ,i d n wi% x to be       
suppos$ t ?is influ5ce is to be measur$ 
by ! ext5t to :i* 8 books =m a "p ( !   
univ]sity curriculum4 ,8 ,logic has no  
d\bt become a /&>d exam9ation-book at   
,ox=d4 ,at ,cambridge ! ma!matical &    

classical triposes /ill reta9 _! =m]    
pre/ige4 ,! moral sci5ce tripos1 ?\gh   
increas+ 9 importance1 /ill attracts a  
comp>atively small numb] ( /ud5ts1 & !re
 is probably no o!r exam9ation = :i* x  
is necess>y to read ,mr4 ,mill's ,logic 
& ,political ,economy4 ,?is fact af=ds !
 mo/ satisfactory evid5ce t ! influ5ce  
he has ex]t$ is spontane\s1 & is !re=e  
likely to be la/+ 9 its effects4 ,if    
/ud5ts _h be5 driv5 to read 8 books by !
 necessity :i* exam9ations impose1 x is 
q possible1 t1 aft] ! exam9ation1 !     
books might nev] be look$ at aga94 ,a   
resid5t1 h[ev]1 at ! univ]sity c sc>cely
 fail to be /ruck ) ! fact1 t _m :o     
p]fectly well "k t !y w nev] 9 any      
exam9ation be ask$ to answ] a "q 9 logic
 or political economy are among ! mo/   
dilig5t /ud5ts ( ,mr4 ,mill's books4 ,:5
 ,i 0 an und]graduate1 ,i well rememb] t
 mo/ ( my fri5ds :o 7 likely to take    
high ma!matical honors 7 already s      
ultimately acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,mill's      
writ+s1 & 7 s mu* imbu$ ) _! _s1 t !y   

might h be5 reg>d$ z 8 disciples4 ,_m   
look$ up to him z _! tea*]2 _m h s9ce   
felt t he !n in/ill$ into !m pr9ciples1 
:i*1 to a great ext5t1 h guid$ _!       
conduct 9 aft] life4 ,any "o :o is      
intimately acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,mill's      
writ+s w readily und]/& h[ x is t !y    
possess su* peculi> attractiv5ess = !   
class ( read]s to :om ,i am n[ ref]r+4  
,!re is no?+ m *>act]i/ic 9 8 writ+s ?an
 g5]osity & c\rage4 ,he always /ates 8  
oppon5t's case ) ! mo/ judicial         
imp>tiality4 ,he nev] %r9ks f !         
expression ( op9ion because he ?9ks x   
unpopul>2 & !re is no?+ s abhorr5t to   
him z t bigotry :i* prev5ts a man f     
appreciat+ :at is j & true 9 ! views (  
^? :o diff] f him4 ,?is tol]ation1 :i*  
is s pr$om9ant a feature ( 8 writ+s1 is 
probably "o ( ! r>e/ ( all qualities 9 a
 controv]siali/4 ,^? :o d n possess x   
always produce an impression t !y are   
unfair2 & ?is impression1 once produc$1 
ex]cises a repell+ influ5ce ^u ! "y4    
,ano!r cause ( ! attractiv5ess ( ,mr4   

,mill's writ+s is ! precision ) :i* 8   
views are express$1 & ! sy/ematic =m :i*
 is giv5 to 8 op9ions4 ,confid5ce is    
repos$ 9 him z a guide1 because x is    
f\nd t !re is "s def9ite goal to :i* he 
is lead+ 8 read]s3 he does n conduct !m 
!y "k n :i!r1 z a travell] :o has lo/ 8 
way 9 a mi/1 or a navigator :o is /e]+ 8
 %ip )\t a compass4 ,! influ5ce ex]cis$ 
by ,mr4 ,mill does n *iefly dep5d ^u !  
orig9ality ( 8 writ+s4 ,he did n make   
any great discov]y :i* w =m an epo* 9 ! 
hi/ory ( human ?\ght2 he did n create a 
new sci5ce1 or become ! f\nd] ( a new   
sy/em ( philosophy4 ,!re is p]haps n s  
mu* orig9ality 9 8 ,political ,economy z
 9 ,ric>do's2 b !re are ?\s&s :o nev]   
?\ght ( read+ ,ric>do :o 7 s mu*        
attract$ by ,mr4 ,mill's book1 t its    
influ5ce might be trac$ ?r\gh\t ! re/ ( 
_! lives4 ,no d\bt "o reason ( 8        
attractiv5ess z a writ]1 9 addition to  
o!r circum/ances to :i* allusion has    
already be5 made1 is ! unusual p[] he   
possess$ 9 apply+ philosophical         

pr9ciples to ! facts ( ord9>y life4 ,to 
^? :o believe t ! influ5ce ,mr4 ,mill   
has ex]cis$ at ! univ]sities has be5 9 !
 highe/ degree b5eficial1--to ^? :o ?9k 
t 8 books n only af=d ! mo/ admirable   
intellectual tra9+1 b also are calculat$
 to produce a mo/ heal?y moral          
influ5ce1--x may be "s consolation1 n[ t
 we are deplor+ 8 dea?1 to "k1 t1 al?\gh
 he has pass$ away1 he may /ill cont9ue 
to be a tea*] & a guide4 ,i believe he  
nev] visit$ ! ,engli% univ]sities3 x 0  
consequ5tly entirely ?r\gh 8 books t he 
0 kn[n4 ,n "o ( ^? :o 7 8 greate/       
admir]s at ,cambridge1 :5 ,i 0 an       
und]graduate1 ev] saw him till _m ye>s  
aft] !y _h left ! ,univ]sity4 ,i rememb]
 t we (t5 us$ to say1 t !re 0 no?+ we   
%\ld e/eem s great a privilege z to sp5d
 an h\r 9 ,mr4 ,mill's society4 ,!re is 
probably no bond ( atta*m5t /rong] ?an t
 :i* unites a pupil to "o :o has        
attract$ him to new intellectual        
pursuits1 & has awak5$ 9 him new int]e/s
 9 life4 ,"s f\r or five ye>s aft] tak+ 

my degree1 ,i met ,mr4 ,mill = ! fir/   
"t2 & f t h\r an intimate fri5d%ip      
comm5c$1 :i* ,i %all always reg>d z a   
peculi>ly high privilege to h enjoy$4   
,intimacy ) ,mr4 ,mill conv9c$ me1 t1 if
 he _h happ5$ to live at ei!r ( !       
univ]sities1 8 p]sonal influ5ce w\ld h  
be5 no less /rik+ ?an 8 intellectual    
influ5ce4 ,no?+1 p]haps1 0 s rem>kable 9
 8 "* z 8 t5d]ness to ! feel+s ( o!rs1 &
 ! def]5ce ) :i* he li/5$ to ^? 9 e     
respect inf]ior to himself4 ,!re nev] 0 
a man :o 0 m entirely free f t          
intellectual conceit :i* bre$s disda94  
,no?+ is s disc\rag+ & he>t-break+ to "y
 p z ! sne] ( an intellectual cynic4 ,a 
s>casm ab\t an act ( y\?ful m5tal       
en?usiasm n only (t5 ca/s a fatal *ill  
ov] ! "*1 b is res5t$ z an injury nev]  
to be =giv54 ,! mo/ humble y\? w\ld h   
f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,mill ! w>me/ & mo/ k9dly   
sympa?y4  ,x may be said1 if ,mr4 ,mill 
has n become ! f\nd] ( a new            
philosophical s*ool at ! univ]sities :]e
 mu/ we seek ! result ( 8 influ5ce8 ,i  

_c give any ?+ l a complete reply to ?is
 "q n[2 b any "o :o has obs]v$ ! m>k$   
*ange :i* has come ov] ! mode ( ?\ght 9 
! univ]sities 9 ! la/ few ye>s w be able
 to =m "s idea ( ! k9d ( influ5ce :i*   
has be5 ex]cis$ by ,mr4 ,mill4 ,speak+  
g5]ally1 he has obta9$ a v wide         
acceptance ( ! utilit>ian doctr9es3 !y 7
 pres5t$ by ,b5?am 9 a =m s h>% &       
unattractive z to produce an almo/      
repell+ effect4 ,mr4 ,mill1 on !        
contr>y1 %[$ t ! utilit>ian philosophy  
might inspire ! mo/ active b5evol5ce & !
 mo/ g5]\s en?usiasm4 ,?is acceptance ( 
utilit>ianism has produc$ a v /rik+     
effect 9 modify+ ! political op9ions    
preval5t 9 ! univ]sities4 ,= _m ye>s :at
 has be5 kn[n z ! lib]alism ( "y ,ox=d &
 ,cambridge is 9 _m respects            
fundam5tally diff]5t f :at is kn[n z    
lib]alism outside ! univ]sities4 ,!     
lib]alism ( ! univ]sities1 z well z t ( 
! ,man*e/] s*ool1 are bo? popul>ly      
describ$ z advanc$ b betwe5 ! two !re is
 9 _m ess5tials ! wide/ possible        

div]g5ce4 ,:at is kn[n z ,philosophical 
,radicalism w long be> ! impression (   
,mr4 ,mill's tea*+4  ,x %\ld be         
p>ticul>ly rememb]$1 t1 av[+ himself a  
lib]al1 he nev] =got t x is ! ess5ce (  
true lib]alism to be tol]ant ( op9ions f
 :i* "o diff]s1 & to appreciate !       
advantages ( bran*es ( le>n+ to :i* "o  
has n devot$ special att5tion4 ,x is    
some:at r>e to f9d t ^? :o pr(ess       
!mselves und\bt$ lib]als are prep>$ to  
accept a consi/5t application ( _!      
pr9ciples4 ,!re is almo/ sure to be "s  
region ( inquiry :i* !y reg>d z s       
dang]\s t !y regret t any "o %\ld ent]  
^u x4 ,sometimes x is said t fre$om (   
?\ght1 ?\gh admirable 9 politics1 is    
mis*iev\s 9 !ology3 "s1 advanc+ :at !y  
believe to be "o /ep fur!r1 express a   
g5]al approbation ( fre$om ( ?\ght1 b   
/igmatize free-?9k]s4 ,aga91 x may be n 
infrequ5tly obs]v$ t devotion to "s     
p>ticul> /udy makes m5 illib]al to o!r  
bran*es ( k4 ,metaphysicians &          
physiologi/s :o h nev] tak5 ! tr\ble to 

ma/] ma!matical pr9ciples dogmatically  
d5\nce ! influ5ce ( ma!matics4 ,em95t   
classics & ma!maticians h too frequ5tly 
sne]$ at ea* o!r's /udies4 ,no "o 0 ev] 
m free f ?is k9d ( bigotry ?an ,mr4     
,mill1 & x probably con/itutes "o ( !   
ma9 causes ( 8 influ5ce4 ,"s ye>s ago ,i
 happ5$ to be conv]s+ at ,cambridge )   
?ree m5 :o 7 respectively ( great em95ce
 9 ma!matics1 classics1 & physiology4   
,we 7 discuss+ ! inaugural address :i*  
,mr4 ,mill _h j deliv]$ z rector ( ! ,/4
 ,&rew's ,univ]sity4 ,! ma!matician     
said1 t he _h nev] se5 ! advantages to  
be d]iv$ f ! /udy ( ma!matics s ju/ly & 
s =cibly describ$2 ! same rem>k 0 made  
by ! classic ab\t classics1 & by !      
physiologi/ ab\t natural sci5ce4 ,no m  
fitt+ homage c probably be (f]$ to !    
memory ( "o to :om s _m ( u are b\nd by 
! /ronge/ ties ( gratitude & affection1 
?an if1 pr(it+ by 8 example1 we endeavor
 to rememb]1 t above all ?+s he 0 j to 8
 oppon5ts1 t he appreciat$ op9ions f :i*
 he diff]$1 & t "o ( 8 highe/ claims to 

our admiration 0 8 g5]al sympa?y ) all  
bran*es ( k4  ,,h5ry ,,fawcett4     ,x4 
,,8 ,,influ5ce ,,z ,a ,,practical       
,,politician4   ,e "o mu/ be famili> ) !
 (t5 express$ op9ion1 t1 z a practical  
politician1 ,mr4 ,mill's c>e] 0         
ess5tially a failure4 ,x has be5 said a 
?\s& times t ! pr9cipal result ( 8 brief
 repres5tation ( ,we/m9/] 0 to furni% an
 additional pro(1 if "o 7 want$1 t a    
philosoph] is totally incapable (       
ex]cis+ any useful influ5ce 9 !         
direction ( practical politics4 ,x is   
propos$ briefly to exam9e ?is op9ion1   
?\gh x may1 inde$1 ) tru? be urg$ t !   
pres5t "t is n calculat$ to make !      
exam9ation an imp>tial "o4 ,! inquiry   
involves an almo/ con/ant ref]5ce1 ei!r 
express$ or impli$1 to ,mr4 ,mill's     
p]sonal "* & influ5ce1 & x is h>dly     
possible = ^? :o are m\rn+ him z a fri5d
 to speak ( ^! dispassionately4 ,x is   
p]haps h>dly necess>y at su* a "t z ?is 
to ask ! indulg5ce ( ! read] if ?is     
unwor?y tribute to ! memory ( a great   

man is color$ by p]sonal rev]5ce &      
gratitude4  ,:51 x is said t ,mr4 ,mill 
fail$ z a practical politician1 !re are 
two que/ions to be ask$3 ,:o says he has
 fail$8 ,& ,:at is x said t he fail$ 98 
,n[1 x seems t ! p]sons :o are l\de/ 9 !
 ass]tion ( 8 failure are precisely ^?  
to :om ! re=ms advocat$ by ,mr4 ,mill 9 
8 writ+s are di/a/eful4 ,!y are ^? :o   
pron\nce all s*emes ( electoral re=m    
embody+ ! pr9ciple ( proportional       
repres5tation to be ! result ( a        
conspiracy ( fools & rogues2 !y are ^?  
:o sne] at ! fanciful rights ( wom52 !y 
are ^? :o ?9k our pres5t l& t5ure       
em95tly calculat$ to make ! ri* cont5t$1
 & keep ! poor 9 _! prop] places2 !y are
 ^? :o believe t republicans & a!i/s    
ought to be treat$ l v]m91 & ext]m9at$  
accord+ly2 !y are ^? :o ?9k t all mu/ be
 well ) ,engl& if h] imports & exports  
are increas+1 & t we are ju/ifi$ 9      
repudiat+ our =eign engagem5ts1 if to   
ma9ta9 !m w\ld h an injuri\s effect ^u  
trade4 ,! ass]tion ( failure com+ f su* 

p]sons does n mean t ,mr4 ,mill fail$ to
 promote ! practical success ( ^?       
objects ! advocacy ( :i* =ms ! *ief     
feature ( 8 political writ+s4 ,x is r a 
measure ( 8 success 9 promot+ ^!        
objects1 & ( ! disgu/ ) :i* 8 success is
 reg>d$ by ^? :o are oppos$ to 8        
political ideas4 ,x 0 kn[n1 or ought to 
h be5 kn[n1 by e "o :o support$ ,mr4    
,mill's c&idature 9 #ahfe1 t he 0 a     
p[]ful advocate ( proportional          
repres5tation1 & t he attribut$ ! v     
greate/ importance to ! political1      
indu/rial1 & social emancipation ( wom52
 he advocat$ ye>s ago1 9 8 ,political   
,economy1 ! s*eme ( l& t5ure re=m ) :i* 
8 "n is n[ practically associat$2 8     
essay ,on ,lib]ty left no d\bt z to 8   
op9ions ^u ! value ( ma9ta9+ fre$om (   
?\ght & spee*1 8 article entitl$ ,a ,few
 ,words on ,non-int]v5tion might h w>n$ 
! p>tisans ( ! ,man*e/] s*ool t he _h no
 sympa?y ) _! views on =eign policy4    
,!re is little d\bt t ! majority ( ,mr4 
,mill's support]s 9 #ahfe did n "k :at 8

 political op9ions 71 & t !y vot$ = him 
simply on 8 reputation z a great ?9k]4  
,a l>ge numb]1 h[ev]1 probably support$ 
him1 kn[+ 9 a g5]al way ! views advocat$
 9 8 writ+s1 b ?9k+ t he w\ld probably  
be l _m o!r politicians1 & n all[ 8     
practice to be 9 ! lea/ degree influ5c$ 
by 8 !ories4 ,j z radical heirs app>5t  
are said to lay aside all inconv5i5t    
revolution>y op9ions :5 !y come to !    
?rone1 x 0 believ$ t ,mr4 ,mill 9       
,p>liam5t w\ld be an entirely diff]5t   
p]son f ,mr4 ,mill 9 8 /udy4 ,x 0 "o ?+ 
to write an essay 9 favor ( proportional
 repres5tation x 0 ano!r ?+ to assi/ 9 !
 ins]tion ( ! pr9ciple ( proportional   
repres5tation 9 ! ,re=m ,bill1 & to =m a
 s*ool ( practical politicians :o took  
c>e to insure ! adoption ( ?is pr9ciple 
9 ! s*ool bo>d elections4 ,x 0 "o ?+ to 
advocate !oretically ! claims ( wom5 to 
repres5tation x 0 ano!r to introduce !  
subject into ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 to     
promote an active political organization
 9 its favor1 & ?us to conv]t x1 f a    

philosophical dream1 into a "q ( press+ 
& practical importance4 ,x 0 "o ?+ to   
advocate fre$om ( ?\ght & discussion 9  
all political & religi\s que/ions x 0   
ano!r to speak respectfully ( ,mr4      
,odg]1 & to s5d ,mr4 ,bradlaugh a       
contribution t[>d ! exp5ses ( 8         
c&idature = ,nor?ampton4 ,! discov]y t  
,mr4 ,mill's *ief objects 9 ,p>liam5t 7 
! same z 8 *ief objects out ( ,p>liam5t 
br&$ him at once z an unpractical man3 &
 8 success 9 promot+ ^! objects         
con/itut$ 8 failure z a politician4 ,8  
fe>less disreg>d ( unpopul>ity1 z       
manife/$ 9 8 prosecution1 9 conjunction 
) ,mr4 ,p4,a4 ,taylor1 ( ,ex-,gov]nor   
,eyre1 0 ano!r pro( t he 0 entirely     
unlike ! p :o call !mselves practical   
politicians4 ,8 p]si/5cy 9 conduct+ ?is 
prosecution 0 "o ( ! ma9 causes ( 8     
defeat at ! election ( #ahfh4  ,if to be
 unpopul> because he promot$ ! practical
 success ( ! op9ions 8 life _h be5 sp5t 
9 advocat+ is to h fail$1 !n ,mr4 ,mill 
fail$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! success ( a        

politician is to be measur$ by ! degree 
9 :i* he is able p]sonally to influ5ce !
 c\rse ( politics1 & atta* to himself a 
s*ool ( political ?\ght1 !n ,mr4 ,mill1 
9 ! be/ mean+ ( ! words1 has succe$$4   
,if ,mr4 ,mill _h di$ t5 ye>s ago1 is x 
probable t 8 views on repres5tative re=m
 w\ld h receiv$ s mu* practical         
recognition z !y h obta9$ dur+ ! la/    
five ye>s8 ,if he _h nev] ent]$ ! ,h\se 
( ,commons1 w\ld ! wom5's-suffrage "q be
 :]e x n[ is8 ,be=e he introduc$ !      
subject into ! ,h\se ( ,commons 9 #ahfg1
 x may be said to h _h no political     
exi/5ce 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! :ole "q 0 held 
9 su* contempt by practical politicians1
 t ! ,h\se w\ld probably h refus$ to    
li/5 to any memb]1 except ,mr4 ,mill1 :o
 advocat$ ! removal ( ! political       
disabilities ( wom54 ,mr4 ,mill 0 ! "o  
memb] ( ,p>liam5t ^: high intellectual  
position enabl$ him to raise ! "q )\t   
be+ laugh$ d[n z a fool4 ,to e "o's     
a/oni%m5t1 sev5ty-f\r memb]s foll[$ ,mr4
 ,mill into ! lobby3 ! mo/ sangu9e      

e/imate1 previ\s to ! division1 ( !     
numb] ( 8 support]s _h be5 ?irty4 ,s9ce 
t "t1 ! movem5t 9 favor ( wom5's        
suffrage has made rapid & /eady         
progress4 ,l all g5u9e political        
movem5ts1 x has borne fruit 9 _m        
measures :i* are int5d$ to remove !     
grievances ( :i* ^? :o advocate !       
movem5t compla93 among ^! collat]al     
results ( ! agitation = wom5's suffrage1
 may be enum]at$ ! ,m>ri$ ,wom5's       
,prop]ty ,act1 ! ,cu/ody ( ,infants     
,bill1 & ! admission ( wom5 to !        
municipal & educational fran*ises & to  
seats ^u s*ool-bo>ds4 ,a l>ge "p ( !    
pres5t anxiety to improve ! education ( 
girls & wom5 is also due to ! conviction
 t ! political disabilities ( wom5 w n  
be ma9ta9$4 ,9 ?is "q ( ! g5]al         
improvem5t ( ! position ( wom51 ,mr4    
,mill's influ5ce c sc>cely be           
ov]-e/imat$4 ,all ?r\gh 8 life he reg>d$
 x z a "q ( fir/-rate importance2 & !   
ext5t to :i* he 0 able practically to   
promote x is suffici5t 9 itself to make 

8 c>e] z a politician a success4 ,a     
/rong pro( ( ! vitality ( ! movem5t1 (  
:i* he 0 ! pr9cipal orig9ator1 is t 8   
dea? _c injuri\sly affect its activity  
or its prospects ( ultimate success4    
,:at he has done = wom5 is f9al3 he gave
 to _! s]vice ! be/ p[]s ( 8 m9d & ! be/
 ye>s ( 8 life4 ,8 dea? consecrates !   
gift3 x c nev] less5 its value4  ,:at is
 true ( ,mr4 ,mill's influ5ce on !      
wom5's-suffrage "q is true also ( ! o!r 
political movem5ts 9 :i* he took an     
active int]e/4 ,he 0 able 9 all ( ^!    
p[]fully to influ5ce ! political hi/ory 
( 8 day 9 ! direction 9 :i* he desir$ to
 influ5ce x4 ,if ?is is failure1 failure
 is wor? mu* m ?an success4  ,( !       
influ5ce ( ,mr4 ,mill's p]sonal "* on ^?
 :o 7 8 political associates1 x is      
difficult to speak too w>mly4 ,no "o    
c\ld be ) him or "w ) him )\t be+       
consci\s ( brea?+ a pur] moral          
atmosph]e3 he made mean p]sonal         
ambitions & rivalries seem despicable & 
ridicul\s1 n s mu* by any ?+ t he said  

directly on ! subject1 z by contra/ ) 8 
own noble1 /rong1 & g5]\s nature4 ,x is 
almo/ impossible to imag9e t any "o c\ld
 be s ins5sible to ! high morality (    
,mr4 ,mill's "* z to sugge/ to him any  
c\rse ( conduct t 0 n entirely upright &
 consi/5t4 ,a ye> or two ago1 h[ev]1 a  
/ory 0 told ( a g5tleman :o ask$ ,mr4   
,mill to /& = an ,iri% con/itu5cy1 &    
/at$ t ! only op9ion x w\ld be necess>y 
= him to *ange 0 ! "o he _h s (t5       
express$ aga9/ d5om9ational education4  
,a smile at ! man's /upidity1 & ! rem>k1
 ,i %\ld l to h se5 ,mill's face :5 he  
he>d ?is sugge/ion1 is ! almo/ inv>iable
 comm5t on ?is /ory4 ,x is a v sugge/ive
 indication ( ! impression ,mr4 ,mill's 
moral influ5ce made on ^? :o knew him4  
,an apology is due to ! read]s ( ^!     
pages t ! task ( speak+ ( ,mr4 ,mill z a
 practical politician has n fall5 into m
 compet5t h&s4 ,no "o c be m deeply     
s5sible ( my inability to deal          
adequately ) ! subject ?an ,i am myself4
 ,?is sket* ought to h be5 writt5 by "o 

:o is 9 e way m qualifi$ to speak ( ,mr4
 ,mill's political c>e] ?an ,i am4      
,unavoidable circum/ances1 h[ev]1       
prev5t$ 8 und]tak+ ! "w2 & z ! "t 0 too 
%ort to all[ ( any be+ sp5t 9 a se>* t  
might h prov$ fruitless1 ! honor ( writ+
 ^! l9es has devolv$ ^u me4  ,,millic5t 
,,g>rett ,,fawcett4     ,,xi4  ,,8      
,,relation ,,to ,,positivism4#b  ,!     
pres5t c\rse ( lectures on a special    
subject has made no pret5sion to pres5t 
! religi\s aspect ( ,positivism1 & ,i   
%all n v5ture to intrude on "o ( its    
grave/ functions ! due commemoration ( !
 dead4 ,b no?+ t is spok5 "h %\ld h a   
m]ely sci5tific =m1 nor c ,i be satisfi$
 until ,i h tri$ to give expression to !
 feel+ :i* mu/ be =emo/ 9 ! m9ds ( all  
pres5t4 ,x is impossible to =get t x 0  
by ,mr4 ,mill t ,comte 0 fir/ made kn[n 
9 ?is c\ntry1 & t by him fir/ 9 ?is     
c\ntry ! great doctr9es ( positive      
?\ght1 ! supreme reign ( law 9 ! moral &
 social _w1 no less ?an 9 ! intellectual
 _w1 7 r$uc$ to sy/em & life4 ,?is      

conception z a :ole has be5 gradually   
=m+ 9 ! m9ds ( all mod]n ?9k]s2 b its   
full scope & =ce 7 pres5t$ to ,engli%m5 
= ! fir/ "t by ,mr4 ,mill4 ,! gr[? ( my 
own m9d1 & ( t ( all ^? ) :om ,i h be5  
associat$1 has be5 simply ! recognition 
( ?is tru? 9 all its be>+s & =ce2 & x 0 
9 m9ds saturat$ ) ?is pr9ciple by !     
tea*+ ( ,mr4 ,mill t ! great phases (   
,engli% ?\ght h g]m9at$ 9 our day4 ,9   
?is place x is impossible to =get1 t1 9 
introduc+ to ! ,engli% _w ! pr9ciples ( 
,comte1 ,mr4 ,mill s cle>ly & ard5tly   
pr(ess$ ! positive philosophy at t "t   
re/rict$ to its e>li] phase alone4 ,9   
?is place x is impossible1 too1 to =get 
! g5]\s assi/ance :i* he ext5d$ to      
,comte1 :]eby he 0 enabl$ to cont9ue 8  
labors 9 philosophy1 impossible also to 
=get ! active communion ( m9d betwe5 !m1
 & ! l>ge space :i* _! int]c\rse occupi$
 9 ! ?\ghts & labors ( bo?4 ,nor c ,i1 &
 _m pres5t "h1 =get ! _m occasions on   
:i* we h be5 guid$ by 8 c\nsel &        
support$ by 8 help 9 _m a practical "w 9

 :i* we h dep5d$ on 8 example &         
exp]i5ce4 ,x is ne$less to repeat1 = x  
mu/ be pres5t to all m9ds1 h[ _m & deep 
are ! diff]5ces :i* sep>ate him f ! lat]
 doctr9es ( ,comte1 & h[ completely he  
repudiat$ connection ) ! religi\s       
recon/ruction ( ,positivism4 ,we "h1 at 
any rate1 %all claim ,mr4 ,mill =       
,positivism 9 no o!r s5se ?an t 9 :i* he
 claim$ x = himself 9 8 own late/       
writ+s4 ,^! diff]5ces we %all nei!r     
exagg]ate nor veil4 ,!y /& all writt5   
mo/ cle>ly = all m5 to weigh & to use4  
,b naturally we %all po9t1 z "o ( u has 
already publicly po9t$1 to ! c>d9al     
features ( agreem5t1 & ! va/ importance 
( ! features = :i* we may claim ! :ole  
weight ( 8 au?ority4 ,yet ,i w\ld n     
pret5d t x is only on ?is side ( 8      
connection ) ! f\nd] & pr9ciples (      
,positivism1 t we dwell on ! memory (   
,mr4 ,mill ) admiration & sympa?y4 ,we  
rev]5ce t unfalt]+ fe>lessness ( _s1 t  
w>m? ( g5]\s emotion1 t guileless       
simplicity ( nature1 :i* made 8 life    

h]oic4 ,nei!r insult1 failure1 nor      
ab&onm5t c\ld %ake 8 s5se ( duty1 or t\*
 8 g5tle & s]5e =titude4 ,= u 8 high    
example1 8 noble philosophic calm1      
cont9ue to live & to tea*4 ,he1 be+     
dead1 yet speake?4 ,&1 if 8 great he>t &
 bra9 are no long] among/ u z visible & 
consci\s ag5cies1 8 _s lives yet 9 all t
 he has giv5 to ! g5]ation ( to-day3 !  
"w ( 8 _s is n end$1 nor ! task ( 8 life
 accompli%$2 b we feel t 8 nature is    
ent]+ on a new & great] life among/     
u1--"o t is entirely spiritual1         
intellectual1 & moral4  ,,fr$]ic        
,,h>rison4  ,,footnotes3       #b ,"p ( 
a lecture on ,political ,in/itutions1   
deliv]$      at ! ,positivi/ ,s*ool1    
,may #aa4     ,,xii4  ,,8 ,,position ,,z
 ,a ,,philosoph]4   ,x is always haz>d\s
 to =eca/ ! e/imation 9 :i* any man w be
 held by po/]ity4 ,9 "o s5se truly we h 
no "r to anticipate ! judgm5t ( !       
future1 suffici5t = u to =m op9ions     
satisfactory )9 ! limits ( our own      
g5]ation4 ,sometimes1 by evil *ance1 a  

great "n is cov]$ ) undes]v$ reproa*2 & 
x is res]v$ = a di/ant future to d x    
ju/ice4 ,b su* a "w z ,mr4 ,c>lyle did =
 ,cromwell we may confid5tly anticipate 
w nev] be requir$ = ! "n ( ,john ,/u>t  
,mill4 ,he is already enroll$ among !   
fir/ ( contempor>y ?9k]s1 & f t li/ 8 "n
 w nev] be eras$4 ,! nature ( ,mr4      
,mill's "w is su* z to make x easy to   
pr$ict ! "* ( 8 future reputation4 ,8 is
 ! k9d ( philosophy t is de/9$ to become
 ! commonplace ( ! future4 ,we may      
anticipate t _m ( 8 mo/ rem>kable views 
w become obsolete 9 ! be/ s5se3 !y w    
become work$ up into practice1 & embodi$
 9 in/itutions4 ,inde$1 ! place t he w  
hold w probably be closely resembl+ t ( 
! great fa!r ( ,engli%                  
philosophy1--,john ,locke4 ,!re is      
inde$1 amid di/+ui%+ diff]5ces1 a       
rem>kable simil>ity betwe5 ! two m51 & !
 "* ( _! influ5ce on ! _w4 ,:at ,locke 0
 to ! lib]al movem5ts ( ! sev5te5?      
c5tury1 ,mr4 ,mill has m ?an be5 to !   
lib]al movem5t ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,!   

intellectual p[]s ( ! two m5 _h mu* 9   
common1 & !y 7 ex]cis$ ^u precisely     
simil> subjects4 ,! ,essay on ! ,human  
,und]/&+ cov]$ d\btless a field m purely
 psy*ological ?an ! ,logic2 b we mu/    
rememb] t ! ,analysis ( ! ,m9d by ! eld]
 ,mill _h rec5tly c>ri$ ! inductive /udy
 ( m9d to an advanc$ po9t4 ,if1 h[ev]1  
we reg>d less ! topics on :i* ^! two    
illu/ri\s m5 wrote1 ?an ! special s]vice
 r5d]$ by ea* ( !m to intellectual      
progress1 we may n unfitt+ly comp>e ! "w
 ( ,locke--! desc5t f metaphysics to    
psy*ology--to ! noble purpose ( r$eem+  
logic f ! sup]/ition ( ! ,ari/otelians1 
& exalt+ x to some?+ high] ?an a m]e    
v]bal ex]cise = s*ool-boys4 ,! attack t 
,locke op5$ ) su* trem5d\s effect on ! a
 priori s*ool ( philosophy 0 nev] m ably
 support$ ?an by ! ,logic & controv]sial
 writ+s ( ,mr4 ,mill4  ,! rem>kable fact
 9 reg>d to bo? ^! great ?9k]s--^!      
conqu]ors 9 ! realms ( ab/ract          
speculation--is _! relation to politics4
 ,locke 0 ! political philosoph] ( !    

,revolution ( #afhh2 ,mr4 ,mill has be5 
! political philosoph] ( ! democracy ( !
 n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! va/ space t lies    
betwe5 _! treatises repres5ts a         
diff]5ce1 n 9 ! m51 b 9 ! times4 ,locke 
f\nd oppos$ to ! common weal an odi\s   
!ory ( arbitr>y & absolute p[]4 ,x is   
int]e/+ to rememb] :at 7 ! giants       
necess>y to be sla9 9 ^? days4 ,! titles
 ( 8 fir/ *apt]s on ,gov]nm5t           
significantly atte/ ! rudim5t>y         
condition ( political philosophy 9      
,locke's day4 ,adam 0 g5]ally consid]$  
to h _h a div9e p[] ( gov]nm5t1 :i* 0   
transmitt$ to a favor$ few ( 8          
desc5dants4 ,accord+ly ,locke disposes (
 ,adam's title to sov]eignty to :atev]  
orig9 x may h be5 ascrib$1--to creation1
 donation1 ! subjection ( ,eve1 or      
fa!rhood4 ,!re is some?+ almo/ ludicr\s 
9 discuss+ fundam5tal que/ions (        
gov]nm5t ) ref]5ce to su* scriptural    
topics2 & x is a /rik+ evid5ce ( ! *ange
 t has pass$ ov] ,engl& s9ce !          
,revolution1 t1 :]eas ,locke's argum5t  

looks l a comm5t>y on ! ,bible1 ev5 !   
bi%ops n[ d n 9 ,p>liam5t quote ! ,bible
 on ! "q ( m>riage ) a deceas$ wife's   
si/]4 ,nev]!less ,locke cle>ly prop\nd$ 
! great pr9ciple1 :i*1 9 spite ( _m     
errors & mu* selfi%ness1 has be5 !      
fruitful h]itage ( ! ,:ig p>ty4         
,political p[]1 !n1 ,i take to be a "r (
 mak+ laws ) p5alties ( dea?1 &         
consequ5tly all less p5alties1 = !      
regulat+ & pres]v+ ( prop]ty1 & (       
employ+ ! =ce ( ! community 9 !         
execution ( su* laws1 & 9 ! def5ce ( !  
commonweal? f =eign injury1 & all ?is   
only = ! public good4 ,locke also en\nc$
 ! maxim1 t ! /ate ( nature is "o (     
equality4 ,mr4 ,mill's special views on 
! l& "q are n )\t p>allel 9 ,locke2 = t 
acute ?9k] di/9ctively laid d[n t labor 
0 ! true gr\nd ev5 ( prop]ty 9 l&4 ,/ill
 x mu/ be confess$ t ,locke's political 
philosophy is mu* crud] ?an ,mr4        
,mill's4 ,8 ,essay on ,gov]nm5t is z !  
r\gh "w ( a boy ( g5ius1 !              
,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t a f9i%$ "w (   

art ( ! exp]i5c$ ma/]4 ,& ?is diff]5ce  
corresponds ) ! rate ( political        
progress4 ,! ,engli% con/itution1 z we  
n[ und]/& x1 0 unkn[n at ! ,revolution3 
x _h to be sl[ly creat$4 ,n[ ! great    
task ( ! future is to raise ! mass ( ! p
 to a high] /&>d ( political intellig5ce
 & mat]ial com=t4 ,to t great end no man
 has contribut$ s mu* z ,mr4 ,mill4     
,p]haps ! "o writ+ = :i* above all o!rs 
,mr4 ,mill's disciples w love 8 memory  
is 8 essay ,on ,lib]ty4 ,9 ?is und]tak+ 
,mr4 ,mill foll[$ ! noble prec$5t (     
,locke1 ) great] l>g5ess ( view &       
p]fection ( "w4 ,locke's f\r lett]s     
,conc]n+ ,tol]ation con/itute a spl5did 
manife/o ( ! ,lib]als ( ! sev5te5?      
c5tury4 ,! pr9ciple1 t ! ends (         
political society are life1 heal?1      
lib]ty1 & immunity f h>m1 & n !         
salvation ( s\ls1 has tak5 ne>ly two    
c5turies to root itself 9 ,engli% law1 b
 has long be5 recogniz$ by all b !      
%all[e/ bigots4 ,& yet ,locke spoke (   
a!ism be+ a crime1 :i*1 = its madness z 

well z guilt1 ought to %ut a man out (  
all sob] & civil society4 ,"h aga91 :at 
a /ride does ! ,lib]ty make8 ,x is1 once
 m1 ! diff]5ce ( ! times1 r ?an ( ! m54 
,! same noble & presci5t insight into ! 
spr+s ( national greatness & social     
progress *>act]izes ! "w ( bo? m51 b 9  
:at diff]5t measures8 ,aga91 we mu/ say1
 ! disciple is great] ?an ! ma/]4       
,closely be>+ on ?is topic is ! relation
 ( ! two m5 to ,*ri/ianity4 ,locke n    
only wrote to %[ ! ,reasonabl5ess (     
,*ri/ianity1 b p>aphras$ sev]al ( !     
books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,mr4 ,mill has 
nev] writt5 "o s5t5ce to give ! lea/    
enc\ragem5t to ,*ri/ianity4 ,b1 al?\gh a
 contra/ appe>s to exi/1 !re is really  
none4 ,locke 0 :at may be call$ a ,bible
 ,*ri/ian4 ,he reject$ all !ological    
sy/ems1 & con/ruct$ 8 religi\s belief 9 
! truly ,prote/ant way1--) ! ,bible & 8 
inn] consci\sness4 ,8 cre$ 0 ! ,bible z 
con=m$ to reason2 b he nev] d\bt$ :i*1 9
 ! ev5t ( a conflict1 ought to give way4
 ,to him ! de/ructive criticism (       

biblical s*ol>s & ! discov]ies ( geology
 _h giv5 no disquietude2 & he di$ ) !   
happy conviction1 t1 )\t ab&on+ 8       
religi\s tea*+1 he c\ld rema9 fai?ful to
 reason4 ,mr4 ,mill inh]it$ a va/       
controv]sy1 & he _h to make a *oice l   
,locke1 he rema9$ fai?ful only to       
reason4  ,p]haps1 x might be urg$1 ?is  
comp>ison leaves out ( acc\nt ! v       
greate/ "w ( ,mr4 ,mill1--8 ',political 
,economy4' ,locke liv$ too soon to be an
 ,adam ,smi?2 b1 curi\sly en\gh1 !      
p>allel is n brok5 ev5 at ?is po9t4 ,9  
#afia & aga9 9 #afie he wrote1 ,"s      
consid]ations ( ! consequ5ces ( ! l[]+ (
 int]e/1 & rais+ ! value ( money1 9 :i* 
he prop\nd$ among o!r views1 t1 taxes1  
h[ev] contriv$1 & out ( ^: h&s soev]    
imm$iately tak51 d1 9 a c\ntry :]e !    
great fund is 9 l& = ! mo/ "p t]m9ate ^u
 l&4 ,!re is ( c\rse no comp>ison betwe5
 ! two m5 on ?is head3 nev]!less x is   
int]e/+ to note 9 prototype ! g]ms ( !  
great "w ( ,mr4 ,mill4 ,x %[s !         
rem>kable & by no means accid5tal       

simil>ity betwe5 ! m54  ,! p>allel is   
already too mu* drawn out1 o!rwise x    
w\ld be wor? obs]v+ on ! *>act]s & lives
 ( ^! two m54 ,en\gh1 h[ev]1 has be5    
said to %[ t we may n unreasonably      
anticipate = ,mr4 ,mill a future su* z  
has fall5 to ,locke4 ,8 wisdom w be !   
commonplace ( o!r times3 8 !ories w be  
realiz$ 9 political in/itutions2 & we   
may hope & believe ! work+-class w rise 
to su* a /&>d ( weal? & culture &       
political p[] z to realize ! g5]\s      
aspirations ( "o ( ,engl&'s greate/     
sons4  ,w4,a4 ,,hunt]4