,illustration3 ,,frontispiece4--,,washington',s ,,new ,,capitol ,,building4 7,photo ,engraved from a ,drawing47 ,,construction ,,of ,,the ,,new ,,capitol ,,to ,,be ,,erected ,,on ,,the ,,foundation ,,already ,,laid ,,at ,,olympia ,,was ,,authorized ,,at ,,the #aiji ,,session ,,of ,,the ,,legislature4 ,page #a ,a ,,review ,,of ,,the ,,resources ,,and ,,industries ,,of ,,washington #aiji 99 99 99 99 99 ,,published ,,under ,,authority ,,of ,,the ,,legislature1 ,,for ,,gratuitous ,,distribution ,,by ,,the ,,bureau ,,of ,,statistics1 ,,agriculture ,,and ,,immigration ,i4 ,m4 ,,howell4 ,secretary of ,state ,ex-,officio ,commissioner ,,geo4 ,m4 ,,allen1 ,deputy ,commissioner1 ,page #b ,,office ,,of ,,the ,,bureau ,,of ,,statistics1 ,,agriculture ,,and ,,immigration1 ,,olympia1 ,,washington1 ,,june #a1 #aiji4 ,to ,his ,excellency ,m4 ,e4 ,hay1 ,governor of ,washington3 ,we have the honor to transmit herewith the ,biennial ,report of the ,bureau of ,statistics1 ,agriculture and ,immigration for the year #aiji1 dealing with the various resources and industries of ,washington4 ,very respectfully1 ,i4 ,m4 ,,howell4 ,secretary of ,state1 ,ex-,officio ,commissioner4 ,,geo4 ,m4 ,,allen1 ,deputy ,commissioner1 ,page #c ,,introduction ,,office ,,of ,,the ,,bureau ,,of ,,statistics1 ,,agriculture ,,and ,,immigration1 ,,olympia1 ,,washington1 ,,june #a1 #aiji4 ,this publication represents an effort to place before the general public1 and particularly the visitors at the ,alaska-,yukon-,pacific ,exposition1 a brief description of the principal resources and industries of the ,state of ,washington4 ,its imperfections may be accounted for largely by reason of the fact that funds for the purpose did not become available until the first day of ,april of the current year4 ,this necessitated unusual haste in securing and preparing the material upon which the pamphlet is based4 ,however1 we have endeavored to deal conservatively and fairly with the various subjects under consideration1 and to present all the information possible within the limits of the space at our disposal4 ,our purpose has been to supply the reader with an outline of the salient facts which account for the marvelous growth and development which the commonwealth is enjoying4 ,to go largely into detail within the scope of a pamphlet of this size would be1 manifestly1 an impossibility4 ,we might readily exhaust our available space in dealing with one industry or in describing a single county4 ,details1 therefore1 have been necessarily and purposely avoided4 ,we have sought to bring the entire state within the perspective of the reader1 leaving him to secure additional facts through personal investigation4 ,along this line1 attention is called to the list of commercial organizations and local officials presented ,page #d in the statistical portion of this report4 ,nearly all the larger communities of the state maintain organizations1 equipped to supply detailed facts relating to their particular locality4 ,much valuable information may be obtained on application to these organizations or to local officials4 ,an expression of appreciation is due those who have assisted us by supplying information and collecting photographs for use in this publication4 ,without such aid the completion of the pamphlet would have been materially delayed4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #a4--;,fruit ,farm ,adjoining ,town of ,asotin1 ,asotin ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #b--;,asotin ,county ,views4 ,page #e ,,general ,,outline ,,of ,,the ,,resources ,,and ,,industries ,,of ,,washington4 ,the ,state of ,washington as now constituted1 was1 prior to #ahec1 a portion of the ,territory of ,oregon4 ,during the year mentioned1 a new territory was carved from the old ,oregon boundaries1 which the statesmen of that day evidently believed was marked by destiny for the achievement of great things1 for they conferred upon it the name of ,washington4 ,that our state1 thus highly distinguished1 has already demonstrated itself worthy of the exalted name1 so happily bestowed upon it1 the most carping critic must admit4 ,with a population now reaching up toward a million and a half1 and with all the forces that make for industrial1 commercial and agricultural supremacy in full swing1 and gathering new momentum yearly1 ,washington is moving onward and upward toward a position among the very elect of our great sisterhood of states4 ,as briefly as the story may be told1 the fundamental facts which underlie the marvelous advancement made by the state during recent years will be set forth in the pages of this pamphlet4 ,,natural ,,divisions ,,of ,,the ,,state4 ,by virtue of its varied topography1 ,washington is naturally divided into a number of districts or sections1 each possessing its own particular characteristics4 ,olympic ,peninsula4 ,the first of these districts may be described as consisting of that section of the state including the ,olympic mountains and extending westward from them to the ,pacific ocean4 ,within the limits of this ,olympic peninsula1 as it is ordinarily termed1 there is standing one of the largest and most valuable tracts of virgin timber yet remaining in the ,united ,states4 ,page #f ,puget ,sound ,basin4 ,the second district includes the territory lying between the ,olympic and ,cascade mountains1 the chief physical feature of which is the great inland sea known as ,puget ,sound4 ,the shore front of this important waterway exceeds #b1jjj miles1 and its length is broken by numerous bays and harbors1 upon which are located ,seattle1 the state's metropolis1 and the growing cities of ,tacoma1 ,everett1 ,bellingham and ,olympia4 ,the climate of this section is mild in winter and cool in summer1 extremes in either season being practically unknown4 ,deep sea shipping enters the port of ,puget ,sound from every maritime country on the globe1 and the industrial and commercial interests of this section are expanding with extraordinary rapidity4 ,the ,cascade ,mountains4 ,the ,cascade mountains constitute the third of these natural divisions4 ,this range extends in a broken line across the width of the state1 at a distance of about #abj miles from the ,pacific ocean4 ,these mountains1 their rugged peaks capped with a mantle of eternal snow1 their sides covered with a heavy timber growth1 and their valleys carrying numerous sparkling mountain streams1 with illimitable possibilities for the development of power1 are one of the important assets of the state1 the value of which has not as yet even been estimated4 ,the mineral wealth of the ,cascades1 only a slight knowledge of which has as yet been secured1 will ere long contribute largely to the prosperity of the state1 while the more moderate slopes of the mountains serve a valuable purpose for the pasturage of numerous flocks and herds4 ,okanogan ,highlands4 ,the fourth district is known as the ,okanogan highlands1 and occupies that portion of the state lying north of the ,columbia river and east of the ,cascade mountains4 ,this section of the state contains valuable timber and mineral wealth in addition to presenting many attractive opportunities to the farmer and horticulturist4 ,it has been hampered thus far by ,page #g lack of adequate transportation facilities1 and for this reason land may be had at exceptionally reasonable figures4 ,columbia ,river ,basin4 ,the ,columbia river basin is by far the largest natural division of the state1 and1 generally speaking1 includes the section drained by that river and its tributaries4 ,within the confines of this district are the great irrigated and grain-growing sections of the state1 which are a source of constantly increasing wealth4 ,this great ,inland ,empire1 as it has come to be called1 has made thousands of homeseekers independent1 and is largely responsible for the rise to commercial greatness of the splendid city of ,spokane4 ,other cities of growing importance lying within the ,columbia river basin are ,walla ,walla1 ,north ,yakima1 ,ellensburg and ,wenatchee1 while scores of smaller communities are annually adding to their population with the continued development of the districts of which they are the immediate distributing centers4 ,the ,southeast4 ,the ,blue mountains form the chief natural characteristic of the extreme southeastern section of the state1 which constitutes the sixth division4 ,this is comparatively a small district1 but one that is highly favored by climatic and soil advantages1 and it is well timbered and watered4 ,the ,southwest4 ,the southwest is the seventh and final division of the state4 ,it comprises an extensive district1 fronting on the ,columbia river and the ,pacific ocean4 ,it is heavily wooded and its chief industries are based upon its timber wealth4 ,the taking and canning of fish and oyster culture are also important industries1 while fruit growing and general farming are carried on upon a constantly increasing scale4 ,page #h ,,natural ,,resources ,,of ,,washington4 ,probably few other states in the ,union excel ,washington in the great variety1 abundance and value of the natural gifts prepared and ripe for the hand of man within its borders4 ,preceding races were content to leave its wealth to us1 being themselves satisfied to subsist upon that which was at hand and ready for consumption with no effort but the effort of taking4 ,the impenetrable forests were to them a barrier to be let alone4 ,for the minerals within the mountains they had no use1 and to gather wealth from the tillage of the soil needed too much exertion4 ,fish and game and fruits all ready to gather were all they sought1 and the state had enough of these to attract and hold a large population4 ,but the vision of the white man was different4 ,his eye scanned the peaks of the ,cascades with its great eternal white ,rainier having its head thrust up among the clouds1 and he realized that around and beneath them must be a vast hoard of the precious metals4 ,his eye caught the dazzling grandeur of the white-capped ,olympics1 but he realized that they held in reserve something more substantial to his needs than scenery and hunting grounds4 ,the impenetrable barriers of the forest-covered foothills were to him a treasure worth the struggle for an empire4 ,he scanned the glittering waters of the bays and inlets of ,puget ,sound and its great open way to the ,pacific ,ocean and realized that it meant more to him and to his children than a place to catch a few fish4 ,he viewed the vast plains of barren land within the great winding course of the ,columbia river and believed it worth more than pasturage for a few bands of ponies4 ,the thousand tumbling water-falls that hastened the course of the rivers toward the sea meant more than resting places for the chase4 ,no wonder the hardy pioneers whose vision saw the grandeur of ,washington and comprehended its meaning dared a mighty journey1 vast hardships and trying and dangerous hazards to save this empire to ,uncle ,sam4 ,washington1 saved by the energy and foresight of a few1 has become the ,page #i delightful home of a million and more1 and their possession is one that ,alexander or ,napoleon would have coveted1 had they known4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #c4--;,chehalis ,county ,timber4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #d4--,the ,logging ,industry in ,chehalis ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #e4--,view of ,harbor1 ,aberdeen1 ,chehalis ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #f4--,limb ,cut from a ,chelan ,county ,peach ,tree4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #g4--,six-,year-,old ,winesap ,apple ,tree on ,farm of ,blackmont ,bros41 ,chelan ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #h4--;,farm of ,wm4 ,turner1 ,chelan ,county4 ,from ,sage ,brush to ,bearing ,orchard1 ,showing ,how ,living ,is ,made ,while ,orchard ,is ,coming ,into ,bearing4 ,,forests4 ,from ,british ,columbia to the majestic ,columbia river and from the ,cascade mountains westward to the ocean a vast forest of magnificent timber stretches out over mountain and hill and valley1 covering the whole landscape of western ,washington in a mantle of living green4 ,the majestic fir trees1 which1 as small evergreens1 adorn the lawns of other climes1 here stretch their ancient heads #cjj feet heavenward and give the logger a chance to stand upon his springboard and1 leaving a fifteen foot stump1 cut off a log #ajj feet in length and #g feet in diameter free from limbs or knots4 ,side by side with these giants of fir are other giants of cedar1 hemlock and spruce crowded in groups1 sometimes all alike and sometimes promiscuously mingled1 which offer to the logger often #ej1jjj feet of lumber from an acre of ground4 ,but these great forests of western ,washington are not all the forests within the state4 ,the eastern slope of the ,cascade mountains well down toward the lands of the valleys is mostly covered with timber4 ,a belt from #cj to #ej miles wide stretching clear across the north boundary of eastern ,washington is mostly a forest1 while a large area in the southeastern corner of the state1 probably #bd miles square1 is also forest covered4 ,to estimate the amount of timber which can be cut from these vast forest areas is difficult2 estimates are not accurate1 yet it is probable that the lumber made will in time far exceed any estimate yet placed upon this chief source of the wealth of the ,state of ,washington4 ,of the fir the estimate has been made that shows still standing enough timber to make #abj billion feet2 for the cedar the estimate is #be billion feet1 while the same amount of #be billion feet is credited to hemlock2 #ab billion feet of spruce are claimed1 #ab billion feet of yellow pine and probably #f billion feet of other woods1 including maple1 alder1 oak1 yew1 ash and many others1 together forming the great mass of #bjj billion feet of lumber4 ,where forest areas are cut off1 the ,page #aj sun and air at once start to life seeds which lie dormant in the shade and a new crop at once starts and the old ground is in a few years reforested in nature's prodigal way1 a thousand seeds sprouting and growing where only one giant can ultimately stand4 ,of these timbers1 the fir1 largest in quantity1 is also largest in usefulness4 ,for bridge work1 shipbuilding1 the construction of houses1 etc4 it is unsurpassed4 ,cedar is lighter and more easily worked and for shingles chiefly and many other special uses is superior4 ,spruce is fine grained1 odorless and valuable for butter tubs1 interior finish1 shelving1 etc4 ,the hemlock is valuable not only for the tannin of its bark1 but as a wood for many purposes is equal to spruce4 ,the yellow pine1 where it is plentiful is the main wood used in house construction and for nearly all farm purposes4 ,the yellow pine is the chief timber in all eastern ,washington4 ,the harder woods1 maple1 alder1 ash1 etc41 are used where available in furniture construction and for fuel1 as are also all the other woods4 ,,coal4 ,not content with covering half the surface of the state with forests for fuel1 the ,creator hid away under the forests an additional supply of heat and power sufficient to last its future citizens an indefinite period4 ,the white man was not slow to find and locate the coal measures in many counties1 notably in ,kittitas1 ,king1 ,pierce1 ,lewis1 ,whatcom and ,thurston1 and to put it to the task of driving his machinery4 ,the coal measures of these counties are of vast extent1 and1 although little developed yet1 there are #c1jjj1jjj tons of coal mined annually in ,washington4 ,other counties are known to have coal measures beneath their forests1 but as yet they have not been opened up for commerce4 ,the coal already mined includes both lignite and bituminous varieties and furnishes fuel for the railroads1 steamboats and power plants1 giving very satisfactory results4 ,much of the bituminous coal makes an excellent article of coke and provides this concentrated carbon for the various plants about the state engaged in smelting iron and other metals4 ,page #aa ,the fixed carbon of the coal ranges from #dh to #fe per cent4 and the total values in carbon from #fd to #hj per cent4 and the ash from #c to #ag per cent4 ,the coal measures underlie probably the great bulk of the foothills on both sides of the ,cascades and some of the ,olympics1 the ,blue mountains of the southeast and some of the low mountains in the northeastern part of the state4 ,besides these coals already mentioned1 it is known that veins of anthracite coal exist in the western part of ,lewis county1 the extent and value of which have not been fully determined1 and1 owing to the absence of transportation1 are not on the market4 ,,mineral ,,ores4 ,the general topography of the state suggests at once the probability of deposits of ores of the precious metals1 and the cursory prospecting already done justifies the outlook4 ,practically the entire mountain regions are enticing fields for the prospector4 ,substantial rewards have already been realized by many who have chanced the hardships1 and there are now in operation many mining enterprises which are yearly adding a substantial sum to the output of the wealth of the state4 ,the ores occur chiefly in veins of low grade and great width and known as base on account of the presence of sulphur1 arsenic and other elements compelling the ores to be roasted before smelting4 ,there are1 however1 some high grade ores in narrow fissures and in a few localities free milling ores and placer deposits are found4 ,in most cases the free milling ores are the result of oxidation and will be found to be base as water level is reached in the mining process4 ,mining of precious metals is being prosecuted in ,whatcom1 ,skagit1 ,snohomish1 ,king1 ,pierce1 ,lewis1 ,skamania1 ,cowlitz1 ,okanogan1 ,chelan1 ,kittitas1 ,yakima1 ,klickitat1 ,ferry and ,stevens counties4 ,of the metals the mines of the state are producing gold1 silver1 lead1 copper1 quicksilver1 zinc1 arsenic1 antimony1 molybdenum1 ,page #ab nickel1 cobalt1 tungsten1 titanium1 bismuth1 sulphur1 selenium1 tellurium1 tin and platinum4 ,there are also iron mines1 and quarries of marble1 granite1 onyx1 serpentine1 limestone and sandstone--beds of fire clay1 kaolin1 fire and potter's clays1 talc and asbestos and many prospects of petroleum4 ,mining is suffering for the lack of transportation for the low grade ores1 but prospects are excellent for relief in this regard in the near future4 ,the era of wildcat exploitation has been relegated to the past and legitimate mining is now getting a firmer hold in the state1 and we look for results within the next five years which will astonish many who think themselves well informed4 ,,fisheries4 ,a glance at the map of the state will disclose a remarkable combination of salt and fresh waters within the jurisdiction of the state of such a character as to amaze one not familiar with it1 but learned in the habits of the finny tribe in general4 ,the ocean is the great feeding ground4 ,out of its mysterious depths the millions of fish come into fresh waters fat and rich from the salt water vegetation4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #i4--;,chelan ,county ,views4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #aj4--;,farm and ,dairy ,scene ,common to ,clallam ,county4 ,the great ,columbia river in the south1 ,willapa harbor1 ,grays harbor1 the majestic straits of ,fuca and the equally majestic straits of ,georgia on the north are all great open highways from the sea1 not only for merchandise laden ships1 but for myriads of salt water food fishes which annually traverse their bottoms4 ,into these open mouths flows a great network of fresh water rivers and streams1 draining the entire area of the state and providing the spawning waters for the fishes from the sea not only1 but for millions of strictly fresh water fishes4 ,not only these1 but late years have proven the shore waters of the state to produce also great numbers of oysters1 clams1 crabs and shrimp4 ,nor is this all1 because the proximity of the state to the ocean gives it a great advantage in profiting from the fishing industry among that class of the finny hosts who refuse to leave their salt water homes4 ,so that from the whales of ,bering sea to the speckled beauties that haunt the mountain ,page #ac streams1 through the long list of delectable salt and fresh water food1 the fisherman of ,washington has an enticing and most profitable chance to satisfy his love of sport and adventure not only1 but to increase his bank account as well4 ,,soils ,,and ,,lands4 ,washington is particularly blessed in having a diversity of soils1 all admirably adapted to some department of agriculture and giving the state the opportunity of great diversity in the occupations of its people4 ,the central plateau of eastern ,washington1 made up of level stretches and undulating hills1 is all covered with a soil composed of volcanic ash and the disintegration of basaltic rocks which1 together with some humus from decayed vegetation1 has made a field of surpassing fertility for the production of the cereals with scant water supply2 but under the magic touch of irrigation it doubles its output and makes of it not only a grain field but an orchard and garden as well4 ,underneath the forests of eastern ,washington1 along the northern border of the state and in its southeastern corner there is added a large proportion of clay1 a necessary element for perpetual pasturage1 and widening the field for fruit growing4 ,in western ,washington1 upon the bench lands and on the hills and foothills the forests are supported upon a gravelly soil1 intermixed with a peculiar shot clay which disintegrates with successive tillage so that when the forests are removed the soil becomes ready for all the grasses and grains and fruits4 ,in the valleys more silt and humus make up the soil1 and when the cottonwoods1 alders and maples are gone there is left a soil deep and strong for the truck gardener and general farmer1 which will endure successive tillings for ages4 ,at the deltas of the rivers are large reaches of level lands1 some of which have to be diked to prevent the overflow of the tides1 which have had added the fertility of the salts of the ocean and are probably the richest lands in the state fit for cereals and root crops1 not omitting the bulbs which have made the deltas of ,holland famous4 ,there are also extensive peat beds which1 scientifically ,page #ad fertilized1 will produce abundant returns to the intelligent farmer4 ,,lands4 ,the lands of the state are owned1 some by ,indian tribes1 some by the general government1 some by the state1 but largely by individual citizens and corporations4 ,indian ,lands4 ,of the ,indian lands most of them have been allotted and the balance will soon be thrown open to settlement4 ,of these the largest in western ,washington are the ,quinault and ,makah reservations and in eastern ,washington the great ,colville reservation4 ,this latter will in time make two or three counties of great value1 being adapted to general farming1 dairying1 fruit growing and mining1 and having an abundance of forest area for fuel and building purposes4 ,those in western ,washington are timbered areas at present4 ,government ,lands4 ,the remnant of government lands are chiefly among the more barren areas of eastern ,washington and the poorer forest lands of western ,washington4 ,the method of obtaining title to government lands is generally known1 and if not1 can be obtained from the general land offices1 one of which is in ,seattle1 ,olympia1 ,vancouver1 ,spokane1 ,waterville1 ,walla ,walla and ,north ,yakima4 ,the government still holds title to nearly six million acres1 and1 while the best has been acquired by others1 the diligent searcher can still find homesteads and desert claims worth energy and considerable expense to secure4 ,state ,lands4 ,a recent estimate of the value of the state lands still in possession makes them worth #ef million dollars4 ,they include nearly #c1jjj1jjj acres1 a large portion of which is heavily timbered4 ,these lands may be obtained from the state through the state land commissioner by purchase outright on very easy terms1 or may be leased for a term of five to ten years at a low rental1 the lessee receiving virtually a first right to purchase4 ,these state lands are as good as any in the state and offer to the homeseeker a splendid opportunity for a start4 ,page #ae ,in this state there are also numerous tide lands1 oyster lands1 and shore lands to be obtained at various prices1 both from the state and from private individuals who have already acquired title from the state4 ,,water ,,power4 ,it is probable that no state in the ,union is better equipped for creating power than the ,state of ,washington4 ,numerous waterfalls of magnitude are already successfully utilized4 ,among these the most noted are the ,spokane falls1 capable of producing #djj1jjj horse power2 the ,snoqualmie falls1 with a sheer descent of #bej feet1 with a capacity of #ajj1jjj horse power2 ,puyallup river at one place is furnishing about #bj1jjj horse power2 the ,cedar river has a capacity of #ej1jjj horse wer2 the ,nooksack falls with #ae1jjj horse power already generated2 ,tumwater falls with #d1jjj horse power1 with ,chelan falls1 the ,meyers falls and the falls of ,asotin creek all in use to limited extent4 ,the waters of the ,yakima river are also in use in part for power purposes1 but more extensively for irrigation4 ,besides these there are many minor streams already harnessed4 ,but the unused water powers of the state far exceed that portion now developed4 ,all its streams are mountain streams1 excepting perhaps1 the ,snake and ,columbia rivers4 ,these mountain rivers in a flow of #ej to #bjj miles make a descent of #b1jjj to #e1jjj feet in reaching sea level1 providing innumerable opportunities to use the falls already created by nature1 or to divert the waters and produce artificial falls4 ,no heritage of the state is of greater value and none more appreciated than this water power4 ,since the introduction of electricity as a lighting and motive force1 its creation by water power looms into immense importance4 ,the exhibition of its achievements to be seen in ,washington today is amazing to the men whose vision of light and power was first with the tallow dip and four-footed beasts1 and later with kerosene and steam4 ,electricity1 created by our water falls1 lights our cities and farm homes1 draws our street cars and some railroad cars--pushes most of the machinery used in manufactories1 to the great satisfaction and profit of our citizens4 ,page #af ,,game4 ,the ,state of ,washington was once a paradise for the sportsman in its every corner4 ,its desert lands were full of jack rabbits and sage hens2 over its mountains and foothills roamed herds of elk1 mountain goats1 deer1 and many bear1 cougar and wild cats4 ,in its timbered valleys were pheasants and grouse in plenty4 ,upon its waters and sloughs the wild ducks and geese were in vast flocks1 while its waters teemed with salmon in many varieties1 and several families of the cod tribe1 sole1 flounders1 perch1 mountain trout and other fish4 ,while these conditions cannot now be said to exist in full1 yet at certain seasons1 and in some places1 the same game1 animals1 birds and fishes are in abundance1 and the sportsman1 while he may not have his fill1 may satisfy a reasonable amount of his craving for the excitement of the frontier4 ,the state has deemed it wise to restrict the time and place within which its game can be taken and the amount a single individual shall kill4 ,these regulations suffice partly to preserve the game from extinction and help replenish the state's treasury1 and are considered wise and reasonable4 ,,scenery4 ,if ,washington is mighty in forest possession1 provided with fuel for centuries in its coal beds1 rich in precious metals1 with great open waterways full of fish roads from the ocean and millions of fishes in its inland waters1 with game upon its thousand hills and its vast plains loaded with waving grains and red with luscious fruits1 still its crowning glory is its matchless scenery4 ,towering above the clouds1 with its head crowned with eternal snows1 its sides forever glistening with icy glaciers till their feet touch the green tops of its foothills1 near the center of the state1 stands in imposing grandeur the highest mountain of the states--grand1 old ,mount ,rainier4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #aa4--;,fish ,cannery at ,port ,angeles1 ,clallam ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ab4--;,a ,forest ,scene in ,clallam ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ac4--,north ,bank ,bridge ,over the ,columbia ,river at ,vancouver1 ,clarke ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ad4--,u4 ,s4 ,army ,post1 ,vancouver1 ,clarke ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ae4--,stock-,raising in ,clarke ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #af4--;,a ,clarke ,county ,fruit ,ranch4 ,through its center north and south the ,cascade mountains in a zigzag course lift their clustered peaks and mountain passes from four to eight thousand feet above the sea1 while ,mount ,olympus and his colleagues higher still poke their inspiring ,page #ag front heavenward4 ,between these two white and green clad mountain ranges1 protected from the blizzards of the southwestern plains and from the hurricanes from the ocean1 lie in safety the placid waters of ,washington's great inland sea1 matchless ,puget ,sound4 ,where else upon the globe is such a diversified stretch of tranquil water1 upon whose shores the ocean tides ebb and flow1 upon whose surface the navies of the world could maneuver to their heart's content1 while visible from shore to shore are the vast evergreen forests1 interlaced with winding waters and stretching gently upwards till they reach the visible mountain peaks a hundred miles away1 thousands of feet skyward8 ,scarcely less enchanting is the view eastward from the ,rainier's lofty height--a vast stretch of hill and plain almost surrounded by green mountain sides1 through whose gray and green fields flow the great winding courses of the mighty ,columbia and the lazy ,snake rivers1 while a multitude of smaller streams gleam through the forest sides of the mountains over innumerable waterfalls4 ,here within the foothills you gaze upon the largest lake within the state1 a beauty spot to enchant alike the artist and the sportsman4 ,deep within its rocky sides and full of speckled beauties lying like a mirror in the stretch of green hills about it1 lies ,lake ,chelan1 and on its unruffled bosom a fleet of boats ply for fifty miles beyond its outlet till reach the mining foothills of the mountains4 ,a hundred miles eastward1 still among the scattered pines of northeastern ,washington1 the ,spokane river tumbles in masses of foam and spray over a succession of rocky falls on its way to the ,columbia1 while still further on the ,pend d',oreille and upper reaches of the ,columbia river flow close up among the mountains and foothills and present a series of beautiful combinations of rock1 trees1 hills and valleys1 of forests and waterfalls of magnificent beauty4 ,washington in its scenery is magnificent in proportions1 wonderful in its variety1 grand and imposing in form and feature--picturesque--enticing--a thing of beauty and a joy forever4 ,page #ah ,,principal ,,industries ,,of ,,washington4 ,,lumbering4 ,the description of the resources of a state naturally suggests what its industries are4 ,the forests of western ,washington inevitably lead to the lumber industry and the fertile soil of eastern ,washington point as unerringly to agriculture4 ,these are the two great industries of the state4 ,the lumberman and the farmer are in the majority4 ,already there are sawmills enough in operation to cut up all the standing timber in the state within fifty years4 ,they employ probably #ajj1jjj men4 ,this includes those engaged in logging and the subsidiary industries4 ,of the trees the fir is pre-eminently useful1 and more than half of the forests of the state are fir trees4 ,it is of greater strength than any of the others and hence is used for all structural work where strength is of special importance4 ,it is rather coarse grained1 but when quarter sawed produces a great variety of grains very beautiful and capable of high finish and is extensively used for inside finishings for houses as well as for frame work4 ,its strength makes it ideal for the construction of ships4 ,the yellow pine is strong1 medium grained and well fitted for general building purposes1 and is very extensively used in eastern ,washington4 ,cedar is very light and close grained and is chiefly used for shingles1 and for this purpose has no superior4 ,the cheaper grades are also used for boxes and sheathing for houses and many other purposes4 ,the spruce furnishes an odorless wood especially useful for butter tubs2 for shelving and similar uses it is superior to either the fir or cedar4 ,it is a white1 close grained lumber1 and appreciating in value4 ,the hemlock1 whose bark produces tannin for the tanneries1 is also a close grained light wood coming more and more into ,page #ai general use1 for many purposes1 especially where it will not be exposed to the weather4 ,logs frequently seven feet in diameter require big saws1 and big carriers #ej to #ajj feet long1 and hence ,washington has probably the largest sawmills in the world4 ,our lumber is used at home and shipped all over the world to make bridges1 ships1 houses1 floors1 sash1 doors1 boxes1 barrels1 tubs1 etc4 ,factories for the manufacture of wood products are scattered all over the state4 ,most of the sawmills and some factories are driven by steam made by burning sawdust1 slabs1 and other refuse of the mills4 ,coal and electricity1 however1 are both in use4 ,,coal ,,mining4 ,the mining of coal for foreign and domestic purposes is one of the most important of ,washington's industries4 ,the annual output of the mines is about three million tons1 worth about eight million dollars2 ,fifty thousand tons of coke are made annually1 worth at the ovens about #cjj1jjj4 ,the coal mining industry gives employment to #f1jjj men4 ,the production of coal for #aijg was distributed as follows3 ,kittitas ,county1 tons #a1ebd1dba ,king ,county1 tons #a1ddf1iff ,pierce ,county1 tons #fab1eci ,lewis ,county1 tons #aja1bge ,thurston ,county1 tons #cc1ggb ,whatcom ,county1 tons #c1afj ,clallam ,county1 tons #cjj ,the coke nearly all comes from ,pierce county4 ,nearly forty different corporations and individuals are engaged in coal mining4 ,the coals thus far commercially mined are chiefly lignite and bituminous4 ,these coal measures lie along the base of the foothills1 chiefly of the ,cascade mountains4 ,higher up are some mines of anthracite coals1 not yet on the market for lack of transportation4 ,as far as discovered they are chiefly near the headwaters of the ,cowlitz river in ,lewis county4 ,coal forms the largest factory in furnishing steam for the mill roads4 ,some of the railroads1 notably the ,page #bj ,northern ,pacific and ,great ,northern1 own their own mines and mine the coal for their own engines and shops4 ,it is also the main fuel supply for domestic uses1 although fir and yellow pine cordwood is extensively used when the cost of transportation is not too great4 ,coal is also the chief fuel used in steamboats1 both those plying over inland waters and the ocean-going boats as well4 ,here also1 however1 the fir wood proves a good substitute and is used to some extent by local steamers on the ,sound4 ,coal is also used to create both steam and electricity for most of the large heating plants in the cities and in many factories and manufacturing plants1 flour mills1 elevators1 etc4 ,the fact that vast coal measures lie within #ej miles of the seaports of ,puget ,sound is a very important factor in insuring the construction of manufacturing establishments and the concentration of transportation in these ports4 ,coal is also used in all the large cities for the manufacture of illuminating gas and as a by-product of this industry coke1 coal tar1 and crude creosote are produced4 ,the coke from the ovens goes chiefly to the smelters for the reduction of ores1 both of the precious metals and iron4 ,,metal ,,mining4 ,the mining industry other than coal is quite rapidly reaching importance among our industries4 ,there are in the state three large smelters1 whose annual output of precious metals far surpasses in value the output of our coal mines4 ,the ores for these values1 however1 do not all come from the mines of this state4 ,other states1 ,british ,columbia1 ,alaska1 and some foreign countries help furnish the ores4 ,but ,washington has within its borders a great mineralized territory1 not yet thoroughly prospected and very little developed1 yet which materially assists in supplying these smelters with their ores4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ag4--,ocean-,going ,raft1 ,built at ,stella1 ,cowlitz ,county1 by the ,oregon ,rafting ,company4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ah4--;,,cowlitz ,,county ,,timber4 ,this ,stick ,was #cja ,feet ,long and #cf ,feet in ,circumference at ,stump4 ,the smelter at ,everett receives a steady supply of arsenical ores of copper1 lead1 gold1 silver and zinc from the mines of ,snohomish county which are of magnitude sufficient to make profitable the railroad which has been built to ,monte ,cristo ,page #ba purposely for these ores4 ,this smelter has a special plant for saving the arsenic in these ores1 which materially adds to the value of its output and is said to be the only one of its kind in the nation4 ,besides the mines at ,monte ,cristo1 there are copper mines being successfully worked at ,index1 whose ores are shipped both to ,everett and ,tacoma4 ,at ,tacoma is located one of the largest smelting and refining plants in the nation1 which draws its ores from all parts of the world4 ,at ,north ,port in ,stevens county is a smelter which is chiefly supplied with ores from this state1 supplemented by those of ,british ,columbia4 ,at ,republic in ,ferry county are mines producing gold and silver ores of such extent as to have induced the building of a branch line of railroad to carry their ores to this smelter4 ,there are also in ,stevens county large deposits of silver-lead ores1 which will be large producers as soon as better transportation is secured4 ,this last statement is also true regarding many mines in other counties4 ,,fishing ,,industry4 ,the business of catching1 preserving and selling fish gives employment probably to more than #aj1jjj men in this state and adds probably four million dollars annually to its wealth production4 ,the fishes include salmon1 which is the chief commercial species1 cod in many varieties1 halibut1 salmon trout1 perch1 sole1 flounders1 smelt1 herring1 sardines1 oysters1 clams1 crabs and shrimp from its salt waters1 and sturgeon1 trout1 perch1 black bass1 white fish and many others from the fresh water4 ,great quantities of salmon and halibut are shipped in ice-packed boxes1 fresh from the waters1 to all parts of the nation4 ,of these fish1 many salmon1 halibut and cod are caught in ,alaskan waters and brought into this state to be cured and prepared for the market4 ,the salmon are chiefly packed in tin cans after being cooked2 the cod are handled as are the eastern cod1 dried and salted4 ,the business of handling the smelts1 herring1 etc41 is in its infancy1 as is also that of the shellfish4 ,page #bb ,the propagation of oysters1 both native and eastern1 is assuming great importance in many places in the state4 ,in ,shoalwater bay1 ,willipa bay1 ,grays harbor1 and many of the bays and inlets of ,puget ,sound1 oysters are being successfully grown4 ,in some instances oyster farms are paying as much as #a1jjj per acre4 ,the state has sold many thousand acres of submerged lands for this purpose4 ,it has also reserved several thousand acres of natural oyster beds1 from which the seed oysters are annually sold at a cheap price to the oyster farmers1 who plant them upon their own lands and market them when full grown4 ,the native oysters are much smaller than the eastern oysters and of a distinct flavor1 but command the same prices in the market4 ,,agriculture4 ,cereals4 ,the largest and most important industry in the state is without doubt the cultivation of the soil4 ,the great variety of the soils and climatic conditions has made the state1 in different parts1 admirably adapted to a large variety of farm products4 ,vast fields of wheat cover a large proportion of the uplands of eastern ,washington1 the average yield of which is greater than that of any other state in the ,union4 ,the diked lands of western ,washington produce oats at the rate of #ajj to #abe bushels per acre4 ,in some counties in southeastern ,washington barley is more profitable than any other cereal1 on account of the large yield and superior quality4 ,corn is successfully raised in some of the irrigated lands1 but is not as profitable as some other crops and hence is not an important factor in ,washington's grain supply4 ,rye1 buckwheat1 and flax1 are successfully grown in many localities4 ,in western ,washington1 particularly1 peas form an important ration for stock food and are extensively raised for seed1 excelling in quality the peas of most other states4 ,page #bc ,hops4 ,hops are a large staple product in many counties of the state4 ,they are of excellent quality1 and the yield is large and their cultivation generally profitable4 ,the chief drawback is in the fluctuations of the market price4 ,grass and ,hay4 ,grass here1 as elsewhere1 is very little talked about1 although it is one of the large elements that make the profits of agriculture4 ,saying nothing of the vast amount of grass consumed green1 the state probably produces a million tons of hay annually1 averaging #aj per ton in value4 ,western ,washington is evergreen in pasturage as well as forests and no spot in the ,union can excel it for annual grass production4 ,east of the mountains a very large acreage is in alfalfa1 with a yield exceeding six tons per acre4 ,potatoes4 ,on the alluvial soils of western ,washington and the irrigated lands of the eastern valleys1 potatoes yield exceedingly heavy crops of fine tubers1 often from #djj to #fjj bushels per acre4 ,all other root crops are produced in abundance4 ,beets4 ,extensive experiments have proved that the sugar beet can be raised profitably in many counties and sugar is now on the markets of the state1 made within its borders from home-grown beets4 ,truck ,gardening4 ,garden stuff is supplied to all the large cities chiefly from surrounding lands in proper seasons1 but much is imported from southern localities to supply the market out of season4 ,the soils utilized for this purpose are the low alluvial valley lands and irrigated volcanic ash lands4 ,the yield from both is astonishing to people from the eastern prairie states1 and even in western ,washington1 with its humid atmosphere and cool nights1 tomatoes1 squashes and sweet corn are being generously furnished the city markets4 ,the warm irrigated lands of eastern ,page #bd ,washington produce abundant crops of melons1 cucumbers1 squashes and all other vegetables4 ,,horticulture4 ,the conditions for successful fruit growing are abundant1 and peculiarly adapted to produce excellence in quality and quantity in nearly all parts of the state1 but some localities have better conditions for some particular fruits than others1 e4 g41 western ,washington excels in the raising of raspberries and other small fruits of that sort1 its climate and soils being suited to the production of large berries and heavy yields4 ,certain localities in eastern ,washington excel in the yield of orchard fruits1 chiefly on irrigated lands4 ,owing to the abundant sunshine1 the fruits of eastern ,washington are more highly colored than those of other sections of the state4 ,taking the state as a whole1 horticulture is rapidly assuming vast importance4 ,thousands of acres are yearly being added to the area of orchards1 and remarkable cash returns are being realized from the older plantings now in full bearing4 ,this is true of all the common orchard fruits1 apples1 pears1 peaches1 plums1 cherries1 etc4 ,in western ,washington large plantings of the small fruits are growing in favor1 some of the new fruits receiving especial attention4 ,one plantation of thirty acres is devoted exclusively to ,burbank's phenomenal berry4 ,grapes are being grown on both sides of the mountains1 the eastern side1 however1 giving this fruit much more attention4 ,cranberries are being produced in quantities on some of the bog lands near the sea coast4 ,nuts have been planted on both sides of the mountains in an experimental way1 and it has been found that walnuts1 chestnuts1 and filberts are profitable4 ,in the southeastern section of the state1 nut growing bids fair to develop into a considerable industry4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ai4--,royal ,anne ,cherry ,tree1 ,owned by ,j4 ,h4 ,rogers1 ,lexington1 ,cowlitz ,county4 ,circumference of this ,tree ,below ,first ,limb1 #gb-c ,feet4 ,yield in #aijg1 #a1ejj pounds4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #bj4--;,dairy ,herd on ,ranch of ,t4 ,d4 ,dungan1 ,kelso1 ,cowlitz ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ba4--;,douglas ,county ,fruit4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #bb4--;,douglas ,county ,wheat at ,tram ,waiting ,shipment on ,columbia ,river ,boats4 ,,stock ,,raising4 ,the glory once enjoyed by this industry is rapidly changing color4 ,formerly1 a predominating feature of the state was its ,page #be big herds feeding gratuitously on government lands4 ,this condition still exists to an extent1 the forests being utilized1 under regulations by the government1 but the herds are limited4 ,individual farms and small herds are now the order of the day and1 incidentally1 better breeds are developing4 ,this is true of horses1 cattle and sheep4 ,the demand for horses is chiefly for the heavy draft animals for use in the logging camps and on the streets of the cities1 and the demand is fairly well supplied1 chiefly in eastern ,washington4 ,good cows and fat steers are always in demand1 and ,washington's market for them is not fully supplied from the home farms4 ,the same is true regarding sheep and hogs4 ,the phenomenal growth of the seaport towns on ,puget ,sound and the difficulty in clearing the lands in western ,washington combine to make the consumption exceed the home grown supply1 and many are imported from neighboring states4 ,there is abundant room for expansion in stock raising in the state4 ,conditions are admirable4 ,grass is abundant for pasturage1 hay is a prolific crop1 the climate is mild1 no pests afflict the cattle1 and the markets are at the door and always hungry4 ,,the ,,dairy4 ,there are few states in the ,union equal to ,washington in its possession of natural conditions suited to make dairying profitable4 ,in all of western ,washington1 in the western part of eastern ,washington1 and in both the northeastern and southeastern sections of the state1 the climate and soil conspire to make ideal grazing4 ,particularly is this true in the western part of the state4 ,all the grasses grow in luxuriance1 and with proper care and forethought there may be secured almost twelve months of green feed annually4 ,the crops best adapted for use as ensilage grow well1 making large yields4 ,timothy1 clover hay and alfalfa are the standbys for winter feed so far as the coarse feed is concerned1 and while mill stuffs and all grains are high in price1 so are correspondingly the products of the dairy4 ,butter ranges from #be cents to #dj cents per pound1 and milk sells in the coast cities for #aj cents per quart4 ,page #bf ,,poultry4 ,perhaps no part of agriculture is more profitable to the wise farmer than his barnyard fowls1 and in ,washington this is exceptionally true4 ,eggs retail in the coast towns at #be cents to #fj cents per dozen4 ,turkeys at ,thanksgiving time are worth from #be cents to #cj cents per pound dressed1 and other fowl in proportion4 ,conditions can be made as ideal for poultry raising in this state as anywhere1 and with the market never satisfied1 the poultry raiser has every essential to success in his favor4 ,,bee ,,culture4 ,bee culture among the orchards and alfalfa fields of eastern ,washington is a side line which should not be neglected by the farmer or horticulturist4 ,many are fully alert to the favorable conditions1 and ,washington honey is on sale in the late summer in most of the cities and towns until the supply is exhausted1 and then that from other states comes in to meet the demand4 ,pasturage for bees is also abundant in many parts of the western half of the state1 and many a rancher among the forest trees has upon his table the products of his own apiary4 ,,manufacturing ,,other ,,than ,,lumber4 ,the ,state of ,washington has natural products either within its own borders or nearby1 to foster many manufacturing industries1 besides those having lumber for their raw material4 ,in the ,puget ,sound basin are vast deposits of lime rock1 which is manufactured into commercial lime1 supplying the home market not only1 but is being shipped also to foreign ports4 ,these are chiefly on ,san ,juan island4 ,considerable granite of fine quality is used in building and cemetery structures1 from quarries in ,snohomish and ,skagit counties4 ,sandstone is being used for building purposes and is of splendid texture4 ,onyx of great variety and beauty is extensively quarried in ,stevens county4 ,marble of good quality is being sawed up to limited extent4 ,quarries in southeastern ,alaska furnish rather a better quality and are more extensively worked4 ,page #bg ,clays of great variety1 including fire clays and those suitable for terra cotta1 are abundant1 and large factories in ,king county are turning out common and pressed brick of many colors and fine finish1 vitrified brick for street paving1 terra cotta1 stoneware1 drain tile1 sewer pipe and other kindred products4 ,at ,concrete1 a town of #a1bjj people in ,skagit county1 two factories1 employing #ejj men1 are daily turning out #a1djj barrels of ,portland cement of fine quality1 which is finding ready market in all the large cities4 ,at ,irondale1 in ,jefferson county1 a large plant has been in operation turning out pig iron4 ,it is now in process of being turned into a steel plant and within a few months will be turning out steel bars and pipes for sewer1 gas and other purposes4 ,the ores are obtained from ,whatcom and ,skagit counties1 some bog iron in the immediate vicinity and additional ores from ,vancouver island4 ,more than a half million dollars has already been invested and this will probably reach a full million when the plant is in complete operation4 ,although iron ores are present in the state in large quantities1 no other serious effort is being made to supply the state with home made pig iron or its products4 ,here is a vast field awaiting brains and capital4 ,the above represent only a few of the many lines of manufacturing that have been successfully developed in ,washington4 ,,transportation4 ,commerce and transportation are two affinities1 ever seeking each other4 ,they have found on ,puget ,sound an ideal trysting place4 ,here the ships of the ocean reach immense placid waters1 not duplicated on either side of the continent1 and for this reason the railroads have come from the interior to meet them4 ,from foreign ports all over the world ocean carriers are bringing in great loads of merchandise and passengers1 and the railroads coming from the ,atlantic coast across the entire continent bring like loads of merchandise and human freight1 and here they are exchanged4 ,teas from ,china and ,japan for cotton from ,galveston and cotton goods from ,massachusetts2 ,page #bh rice and silk1 hemp1 matting1 tin1 copper and ,japanese bric-a-brac are exchanged for grain1 flour1 fish1 lumber1 fruit1 iron and steel ware1 paper1 tobacco1 etc4 ,merchandise of all sorts from ,asia1 the ,philippines1 ,south ,america and ,australia is here exchanged for different stuffs raised or made in every part of the ,american continent and some from ,europe4 ,this commerce1 however1 is in its infancy4 ,the ,northern ,pacific and ,great ,northern railways have fattened on it for years4 ,all their rivals have looked on with envious eyes till now a mad rush is on among them all for vantage ground4 ,the ,milwaukee1 ,canadian ,pacific and ,burlington systems already run their trains here1 while the ,union ,pacific and others are rushing for terminals on ,puget ,sound tide water4 ,and while thus racing for the great long haul prizes1 they are incidentally giving to the state a complete system of transportation in all its parts and for all its multitudinous productions4 ,of almost equal importance to the state is its great fleet of local steamers which ply its inland waters1 and the numerous electric lines that are rapidly uniting its cities and villages and giving a new and cheap method of migration4 ,from the city of ,spokane and radiating in every direction1 electric lines are in operation and more are in course of construction1 bringing the most distant points of the great ,inland ,empire into close touch with its metropolis and great distributing center4 ,on the west side the same thing is true1 only in less degree4 ,between these two groups of transportation facilities1 and the commerce which the union of rail and tidewater has created1 the citizens of ,washington have found innumerable opportunities of employment4 ,these opportunities are increasing and broadening every year with the continued development of the state and in multiplied and varied form they await the newcomer who possesses the ability to rise to the demands of the situation4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #bc4--;,,ferry ,,county ,,views4 ,plant of ,karamin ,lumber ,co41 ,karamin1 ,ferry ,county4 7#a7 ,track of ,spokane ,b4 ,c4 ,railway4 7#b7 ,track of ,spokane ,falls ,northern ,ry4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #bd4--;,helphrey ,ranch1 ,curlew1 ,ferry ,county4 ,page #bi ,,opportunities ,,in ,,washington4 ,washington is a land of widely diverging natural conditions4 ,its topographical characteristics vary from the low southern exposures of the inland river valleys1 where strawberries mature as early as ,april1 to the mountain summits of the ,cascades and ,olympics1 where winter reigns supreme the year round4 ,between these extremes may be found every range of climate known to the semi-tropical and temperate zones4 ,for the ,homeseeker4 ,our lands include those suitable for the successful raising both of the more tender1 as well as the hardier fruits4 ,every grain1 other than corn1 yields splendid results1 while the truck gardener1 small fruit grower1 dairyman1 stock raiser and1 in fact1 every man who aims to secure a living and a competence from some form of farm industry will find1 if he looks for it1 a spot within the confines of this state that will meet his most exacting requirements4 ,to insure success in any of the above lines requires pluck1 energy1 stick-to-it-iveness1 a determination to secure desired results1 and some capital4 ,but given these1 the man who is looking to ,washington as a favored location for the establishment of his household gods need have no fear of the outcome4 ,land may be secured suitable for any of the different purposes mentioned1 and with proper care it may be made to yield beyond the most sanguine expectations4 ,a market is ready and waiting to absorb every class of product at profitable prices4 ,transportation facilities are already excellent and the millions now being expended in new railway construction through the state give some idea of what the future holds forth in this particular4 ,page #cj ,for the ,business ,man4 ,to the business man a new state1 developing as is the ,state of ,washington1 naturally offers numerous and attractive opportunities4 ,new communities are springing up along the lines of the ,milwaukee1 the ,portland ,seattle1 and other railways now in process of construction1 each demanding its quota of commercial enterprises1 while the older cities and towns are continually absorbing new additions to their population1 thus paving the way for new business facilities4 ,for the ,investor4 ,the investor will find an attractive field of action in ,washington1 and with the exercise of caution and prudence may anticipate far better returns than he has been accustomed to1 without undue risk of the impairment of his capital4 ,raw lands1 timber lands1 improved farms1 irrigated lands and city and town property are exhibiting a steady increase in value and undoubtedly will continue to do so for years to come4 ,the capitalist may take his choice of any of these forms of investment1 or he may turn to private1 industrial or municipal securities which are constantly being offered on excellent terms and based upon unimpeachable assets4 ,for the ,manufacturer4 ,to the manufacturer this state offers all the conditions that may be classed as prerequisite to success4 ,cheap electric power is available in nearly every community of any size in the state1 while millions of horse power remain still undeveloped in the rivers and mountain streams4 ,raw material is here1 in abundance1 and the markets of the world are accessible through rail and water transportation4 ,the principal manufactured products of the state consist of lumber and lumber products1 flour1 feed and various cereal foods1 butter1 cheese1 evaporated milk1 crackers and candy1 baking powder1 soda1 fruit extracts1 clothing1 boots and shoes1 baskets1 bags1 beer1 ice1 brick and other clay products1 iron products1 wagons and agricultural implements1 turpentine1 leather products1 cordage1 saws1 boilers1 asbestos1 water pipes1 tin cans1 railway equipment1 ships and ,page #ca boats1 canned fruits and vegetables and a variety of other products4 ,desirable locations are frequently offered free to those who will establish manufacturing industries4 ,for the ,wage ,earner4 ,the wage earner who comes to this state sufficiently fortified to maintain himself and family for a period may usually expect to find satisfactory employment at good wages4 ,washington has never been exploited as a poor man's paradise1 but there is a tremendous development in progress throughout the state in every line of industry and there is a steady demand for mechanics and laborers of all classes4 ,the foregoing is intended to present in brief form an outline of the opportunities that await the enterprising newcomer in this state4 ,success is being achieved in all of the various lines touched upon1 by thousands who have located here in the past few years1 and as yet the resources of the state have scarcely been touched4 ,the future of ,washington is big with promise1 based upon results already achieved1 and in that future the newcomer may expect to participate in proportion to the effort he expends4 ,page #cb ,,washington',s ,,educational ,,system4 ,the importance of a complete and well rounded public educational system has not been overlooked at any stage in the growth and development of this commonwealth4 ,from kindergarten to university no link is wanting to supply the ambitious boy or girl with the very best training that modern educational experts have evolved4 ,the common school system of the state is based upon the theory that every child must be educated1 and that the state must provide the facilities for the accomplishment of this purpose4 ,this theory has been carried out so thoroughly and intelligently that there is scarcely a child in the state of school age who does not live within easy reach of a school house4 ,moreover1 attendance is compulsory and no child is excused unless satisfactory reasons are presented to the proper authorities4 ,,educational ,,endowment4 ,upon admission of ,washington to statehood a land endowment was granted to the state by the federal government for common school purposes which in round numbers totals nearly two and one-half millions of acres4 ,this land is offered for sale or lease by the state1 through the office of the state land commissioner1 and the proceeds constitute a permanent and irreducible fund to be invested for educational purposes4 ,in addition to the foregoing lands1 the state university has an endowment of #ajj1jjj acres2 the agricultural college1 #ij1jjj acres2 the scientific school1 #ajj1jjj acres1 and the state normal schools1 #ajj1jjj acres4 ,as yet only a small portion of these lands has been disposed of4 ,the expense of maintaining our schools1 therefore1 is met almost entirely by taxation4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #be4--,view of the ,country ,near ,curlew1 ,ferry ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #bf4--,three-,year-,old ,orchard1 ,near ,pasco1 ,franklin ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #bg4--;,combined ,harvester ,operating in the ,wheat ,fields of ,franklin ,county4 ,this ,machine ,cuts1 ,threshes and ,sacks the ,grain1 ,depositing the ,filled ,sacks on the ,ground as it ,moves ,through the ,field4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #bh4--7a7 ,a ,jefferson ,county ,country ,home4 7#b7 ,a logging ,railroad1 ,jefferson ,county4 7#c7 ,prize ,products1 ,jefferson ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #bi4--;,,jefferson ,,county ,,rural ,,views4 ,field of ,oats and ,vetch ,yielding #e ,tons ,per ,acre4 ,herd of ,high-,grade ,holstein ,dairy ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #cj4--,view of ,waterfront1 ,port ,townsend1 ,jefferson ,county4 ,,higher ,,institutions4 ,the ,university of ,washington occupies a campus of #cej acres1 located entirely within the limits of the city of ,seattle4 ,page #cc ,the buildings of the university consist of the administration building1 science hall1 chemistry building1 engineering building1 power house1 dormitories for men and women1 and other smaller buildings4 ,in addition to the foregoing1 the university will come into the possession of a number of commodious structures at the conclusion of the ,alaska-,yukon-,pacific ,exposition4 ,for the current year1 the enrollment of students at the university is #a1hch4 ,the faculty consists of #aae members and for the ensuing biennial period the legislature appropriated the sum of #fgc1jjj for the support of the institution4 ,the ,state ,college of ,washington is located at ,pullman1 in ,whitman county4 ,this institution emphasizes technical and scientific education and in its agricultural departments has accomplished remarkable results4 ,it is annually giving the state a number of highly trained experts in modern agricultural science1 and the farming interests of the state have been greatly assisted by the work of the college4 ,instruction is given in civil engineering1 mechanical and electrical engineering1 geology1 botany1 chemistry1 zoology1 economic science and history1 modern languages1 domestic economy1 besides the practical operation of a dairy farm and other branches of agricultural industry4 ,the institution1 in addition to its land endowment1 receives annual assistance from the federal government and a biennial appropriation from the state legislature4 ,the state also maintains three normal schools1 located respectively in the cities of ,bellingham1 ,ellensburg and ,cheney4 ,these institutions have a combined attendance of about #hej and are the recruiting ground for securing instructors in the public schools4 ,at ,vancouver is the ,state ,school for the ,deaf and ,blind4 ,the defective youth of the state are cared for in a well equipped institution located at ,medical ,lake1 in ,spokane county1 and at ,chehalis is the state training school for incorrigibles4 ,page #cd ,,logged-,,off ,,lands4 ,the problem of making a home and providing a competency for old age upon the lands in western ,washington is somewhat different and more difficult than doing the same upon the prairie lands of the east4 ,as they come to the hands of the would-be tiller of the soil1 they present a forbidding and disagreeable aspect4 ,the loggers have left them with considerable standing timber1 with the tops of the giants of the forests lying where they fell1 scattered over the land and covering it with an almost impenetrable mass of great limbs and brush and dead logs4 ,if seen in the summer1 there is added the view of a mass of green vegetation1 rank and to a large extent covering up the mass of dead stuff left by the loggers with the huge stumps sticking up through it all1 mute monuments of the lost wealth of the forest4 ,in some instances this is somewhat relieved by the fact that1 either by accident or design1 the fire has been there and swept through it all1 leaving nothing but blackened and smouldering emblems of its prior greatness4 ,in this case1 however1 only the lighter part of the refuse has been destroyed4 ,the great stumps of fir and cedar are there still1 blackened and perhaps with their dead hearts burned out4 ,great and small decaying logs are there1 some too wet to burn1 some with the bark alone burned off1 and some with the dead centers burned out1 scattered about or piled in crisscross masses as they had fallen during the ages of the forest's growth4 ,in either case it looks different from the smooth surface of the sagebrush plains about to be converted into irrigated farms or the clean face of the prairie lands covered with grass and ready and longing for the plow4 ,but with all their forbidding aspects1 black with a portentous cloud of hard labor and long waiting1 their known hidden wealth lures on the hardy pioneer to the task4 ,he throws off his coat1 rolls up his sleeves1 gathers together his tools1 and with the indomitable courage of the ,anglo-,saxon ,page #ce tackles the problem1 works and fights and rests by turns till within a few years he finds himself triumphant4 ,eventually1 beneath his own orchard trees laden with fruit1 and in the comfort and delight of his big home fireplace1 he contemplates the rewards of his struggle1 as he sees his cows complacently chewing their cuds in his green pastures and listens to the neigh of his fat horses1 and at his table1 laden with all the bounty of his rich lands1 thanks his ,maker for the successful completion of a hard struggle and the enjoyment it has brought to him and his family4 ,,modern ,,methods4 ,having thus presented the picture in perspective1 we will now work out some of the details which help to rob it of its difficulty and add to its attractiveness4 ,if the lands have not been burned off1 and in many instances where this has been done1 the rancher will find a lot of cedar logs1 perhaps partially burned1 and possibly long black stubs that it will be wise to save4 ,cut into proper lengths and put into piles for preservation1 they will make his raw material for fencing1 barns1 etc4 ,the cedar is straight-grained1 splits easy1 and true1 and to the rancher is very valuable1 taking the place of sawed lumber for a great many farm purposes4 ,having carefully saved the cedar1 the rancher will fire his clearing1 thus getting rid of a large share of the logger's waste with practically no labor4 ,to the task of disposing of the remaining logs and stumps he will bring modern tools and methods into action4 ,the axe and shovel and hand lever have given place to gunpowder1 the donkey engine1 derrick and winch4 ,stump powder puts all the big stumps into pieces easily4 ,the modern stump-puller lifts out the smaller stumps with ease4 ,the donkey engine and derrick pull together and pile the stumps and logs into great heaps1 and once more the friendly fire helps out2 and while the dusky woodlands are lighted up with passing glory the rancher sleeps to wake up and find his fields almost ready for his plow1 nor has the task had half the hard labor nor consumed half the time that years ago would have been expended in clearing the same amount of oak and maple and hickory land in the valley ,page #cf of the ,mississippi4 ,it should be said1 however1 that what is gained in time and saved in labor costs money4 ,the expense of clearing the logged-off land by these modern methods and tools will run from #dj to #aej per acre1 dependent upon various conditions1 number and size of stumps1 etc4 ,there are in western ,washington thousands of acres which are being pastured and tilled1 from which the large stumps have not been removed4 ,in these instances the same methods can be used1 handling all the small logs and stumps and litter1 and after the first burning1 carefully repiling and burning the refuse and then seeding to grass4 ,in the ashes and loose soil1 grass seed readily starts1 and a single season will suffice to provide fairly good pasturage1 which will annually grow better4 ,,cost ,,of ,,labor ,,and ,,material4 ,the following table1 taken from the report of a government inspector1 will give an idea of the cost of the different materials and labor used in clearing logged-off land3 ,cost of removing stumps from #a foot to #d feet in diameter from #abj acres of land in #aijg3 ,labor4 ,,month4 ,powder1 ,fuse1 ,caps1 ,stumps1 -------------------- lbs4 ft4 ,no4 ,no4 ,hours4 ,dollars4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,june #ac1gjj #aj1ajj #b1djj #b1ace #b1chj #fej4jj ,july #a1gej #b1jej #djj #bci #bfj #hg4jj ,august #b1gej #b1gjj #gjj #dde #cbd #aad4ij ,september #a1iej #b1afj #ejj #chc #cbd #abf4cg ,october #a1bej #a1jjj #cjj #bcg #aih #gg4ec ,november #b1cej #c1ajj #hjj #cgh #bhc #aad4ig ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,total #bc1gej #ba1ajj #e1ajj #c1hah #c1gji #a1agj4gg ,av4 pr4 ,stump #f4bb #e4eb #a4cc #j4ihg #j4cjjf ,av4 ,cost1 cents #ai4gf #b4cg 4#hg ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,the average cost of the removal of each stump is shown below3 ,cents4 ,powder #di4gf ,fuse #b4cg ,caps 4#hg ,labor #cj4ff ----- ,total #hc4jf ,the average cost of the materials used was as follows3 ,powder1 per pound1 #h cents2 fuse1 per #ajj feet1 #dc cents2 caps1 per #ajj1 #fe cents4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ca4--,view of ,second ,avenue1 ,seattle1 ,during ,parade of ,marines from ,atlantic ,fleet1 ,may #bf1 #aijh4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #cb4--;,a ,corner of the ,seattle ,public ,market4 ,truck ,gardeners ,find ,ready ,sale for ,their ,wares ,here the ,year ,round4 ,page #cg ,there are probably two and one-third million acres of logged-off lands in the state1 of which only half a million are under tillage or pasturage4 ,the same report shows the distribution of these lands as follows3 ,acreage ,acreage ,acreage in ,total ,per cent4 ,,county4 merchantable logged cultivation4 acreage4 suitable for timber4 off4 agriculture4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,chehalis #ehc1bjj #aab1gdh #aa1baf #hjg1dcb #ij ,clallam #bif1faa #aie1icc #aa1ghd #ejd1cbi #ge ,clarke #aij1jjj #ajh1ffa #ea1egj #cej1bca ,cowlitz #ejj1jjj #be1jjj #bj1jjj #gjd1jjj #ge ,island #h1jac #ii1hff #i1cag #aag1aif #ge ,jefferson #ahf1fdg #ei1dbg #d1feg #bed1che #ej ,king #fdj1jjj #aaj1jjj #gd1heg #a1bdc1jjj ,kitsap #de1dbi #aga1cfd #g1igh #bbd1gga ,lewis #edc1iie #afj1dbe #dg1jei #hhd1jej #fe ,mason #bdj1baa #aej1dcj #g1edj #cih1aha ,pacific #cfg1hbg #fb1gbj #bc1jdb #dec1aci ,pierce #dac1jdd #aej1jjj #bg1iae #feh1jeb #ge ,san ,juan #aj1jjj #hj1jjj #d1jjj #ie1fhd ,skagit #cjf1gei #adi1ibc #de1fje #ejb1bhg #be ,snohomish #beh1jje #bgj1dbb #bj1ijh #eeh1ccf ,thurston #bia1bjj #abj1jjj #ac1fhj #dbh1jje ,wahkiakum #gd1efd #fg1ccg #c1fdb #ade1edd #ej ,whatcom #gh1dje #beh1cjb #ce1jei #cga1gff ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,total #e1jcc1iaa #b1ceb1aji #dbh1hbi #h1gjj1chh ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,there are a great many acres of these lands that can be slicked up and burned over and prepared for seeding1 not disturbing the stumps1 at an expense of about #aj per acre4 ,thus treated1 good pasturage can be secured cheaply4 ,in time some of the stumps will rot out and be easily removed4 ,when the stumps are not too thick1 the lands can be successfully prepared and planted to orchards without removing the stumps1 and their unsightly appearance can be turned into a thing of beauty and great profit by planting evergreen blackberries and loganberries about them1 using the stumps for trellises4 ,these berries in the climate of western ,washington are wonderfully prolific and find a greedy market4 ,,compensations4 ,there are several facts about making farms out of logged-off lands which should not be lost sight of1 because they largely compensate for the labor spent in the undertaking4 ,one of these is that the problem of fuel is solved for a lifetime and for the coming generation4 ,five acres can be left untouched as a reserve and in a remarkably few years it will re-forest itself4 ,page #ch ,the growth of trees under the humid atmosphere of western ,washington is astonishing1 and a very few years will suffice to provide one with a wood lot to last a generation4 ,meanwhile some of the fir logs and alder and maple trees will be preserved from the fire and piled up to provide fuel for the years until the wood lot furnishes a fresh green supply4 ,then1 too1 as has already been suggested1 the fence question1 no small item in a prairie country1 is satisfactorily answered with no expenditure but for labor4 ,the cedar logs1 splitting with ease1 can be turned into rails or boards or posts--preferably the former--and the rails put on top of each other between two posts fastened together at the top make as good a hog-tight and cattle-proof fence as can be desired1 and these rails will last in the fence for a century4 ,for the house1 doubtless more satisfaction can be had by patronizing the nearest saw-mill1 although many houses made out of split cedar timbers and boards are in the state1 proofs at once of the usefulness of this timber and the hardihood and ingenuity of the rancher4 ,but for the barn and stable1 pig-stye1 hennery1 chicken-coop and fruit boxes1 and a great many other things1 the rancher patronizes his reserve log pile instead of the lumber yard1 and saves time and labor in so doing4 ,another fact which compensates the rancher in western ,washington in the struggle for a home which will provide a safe and generous support in his old age is that during all the labor and waiting he is enjoying a delightful climate1 in which no blizzard drives him from his work4 ,no cyclone endangers his life and fortune4 ,no snakes lurk in the underbrush4 ,no clouds of dust blind his eyes4 ,no sultry summer suns make him gasp for breath1 and no intense cold freezes his face or feet4 ,he can work if he wishes as many days as there are in the year1 and know that every stroke of his axe or mattock is a part of his capital safely invested that will pay back an annual dividend for a lifetime4 ,no soil will respond to his energy more quickly or more generously4 ,there is one more possible compensation4 ,fir logs and stumps and roots and bark are all full of pitch4 ,factories are now in operation that are turning this wood into charcoal and ,page #ci saving and refining all the by-products1 particularly turpentine1 wood alcohol1 pitch and tar4 ,these factories are successful and paying dividends1 but are on a large scale and permanently located4 ,it is probable that some genius will soon evolve a movable plant1 capable of serving the same purpose1 which can go from one ranch to another4 ,when this is done1 it will be found that the refuse left by the logger is worth several times more than the cost of getting it off the land with powder and fire1 and1 instead of being a burden upon the land of #ajj per acre1 will become a matter of merchandise to be sold for much more and removed from the land with no expense to the owner4 ,as a final word1 it should be remembered that1 after these lands are put under good tillage1 every acre can be made to return more than the cost of clearing annually4 ,western ,washington has never been able to produce enough to feed its wonderfully increasing population4 ,meats1 vegetables1 fruits1 poultry1 eggs1 etc41 are all constantly coming in from outside to supply the markets4 ,this condition keeps prices high4 ,it has been so for twenty years1 and will be for twenty years to come4 ,from #ajj to #ejj per acre per year can be had from fruits and vegetables4 ,the same can be realized from poultry1 nor will the dairy fall far behind when the scrub cow is abandoned and a choice thoroughbred animal takes its place and the soil is intensely tilled and fertilized4 ,the logged-off lands when first looked at are black and big labor and difficulties4 ,when the problem is intelligently understood--undertaken with comprehension and some capital and plenty of grit--the solution is easy and the rewards ample and gratifying4 ,page #dj ,,irrigation ,,in ,,washington4 ,the lands which require irrigation in the state are chiefly the lower lands in the valleys of the rivers east of the ,cascade mountains4 ,the winds from the ,pacific1 though heavily laden with moisture1 are forced to surrender the greater portion to western ,washington1 as they meet the cold heights of the mountain ranges4 ,the mountains themselves receive a very heavy fall of snow in winter1 which fills the lakes and sources of the rivers on the eastern side1 providing a large amount of water available for irrigation purposes1 for lands not too far distant4 ,within fifty miles from the mountain peaks there is a drop of about #d1jjj feet4 ,the sides of the valleys in the main are gradual slopes4 ,these conditions make irrigation very feasible4 ,its wonderful results have been seen and the process of irrigation has found a wide field within the past few years4 ,,the ,,irrigation ,,area4 ,not only the ,yakima valley1 where this method of farming had its beginning in the state1 but many other places1 are now being made productive which were once thought wholly worthless on account of their aridity4 ,among these are the ,wenatchee valley1 the ,entiat1 the ,methow1 the ,chelan1 and the ,okanogan--all on the slope of the ,cascades4 ,the immediate low lands of the ,columbia and ,snake rivers and considerable of the narrow valleys of the small streams emptying into them have in many instances been irrigated4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #cc4--,king ,county ,rural ,views4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #cd4--;,,how ,,the ,,hills ,,make ,,way ,,for ,,the ,,skyscrapers ,,in ,,seattle4 #aijg--,last of ,hotel ,washington4 #aijh--,new ,hotel ,washington4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ce4--;,a ,portion of the ,city of ,seattle ,overlooking the ,harbor4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #cf4--,torpedo-,boat ,destroyer in ,government ,drydock at ,navy ,yard1 ,puget ,sound1 ,kitsap ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #cg4--,steamship ,dakota in ,government ,drydock at ,navy ,yard1 ,puget ,sound1 ,kitsap ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ch4--;,a ,kittitas ,county ,apple ,tree4 ,,work ,,of ,,the ,,government4 ,the work of reclaiming the arid lands has been wonderfully accelerated and widened in scope by the national government4 ,the projects of the reclamation service now include practically all of the available waters of the ,yakima valley for irrigating the lands therein4 ,in ,yakima county alone there are probably ,page #da #bfj1jjj acres now under ditch1 and probably #ej1jjj more will be reclaimed this season4 ,this is probably not more than half the lands in the county capable of irrigation4 ,the fact that the general government is in control of these projects insures as wide and just a distribution of the available waters as possible4 ,the cost of irrigation1 which is from #ej to #fj per acre1 is paid by the owners of the land in ten annual payments4 ,there is also an annual charge for maintaining the canals from #a4be to #a4ej per acre4 ,these projects of the government cover the lands in ,benton and ,kittitas counties also--both of these counties being in the ,yakima valley4 ,the government is also engaged in managing an extensive project in the southern part of ,okanogan county1 where probably #ej1jjj acres will be reclaimed4 ,there is a large acreage in ,franklin and ,walla ,walla counties1 about the junctions of the ,snake and ,columbia rivers1 to which ,pasco is central1 which is arid4 ,the government has once turned this project down1 but is now reconsidering it1 and it is reported that these lands will soon be put under ditch by the joint action of the government and the ,northern ,pacific railway1 which owns a large portion of the lands4 ,meanwhile private enterprises are reclaiming extensive tracts in ,klickitat county1 and in fact nearly all the counties bordering on the ,columbia and ,snake rivers in eastern ,washington4 ,it is probable that there are more lands capable of irrigation in the state than can be irrigated with available waters4 ,this fact adds to the importance of the question of what to do with arid lands when no water can be put upon them4 ,,methods ,,of ,,irrigation4 ,there are three methods in use in supplying water to the arid lands4 ,the first and the one most generally adopted for obvious reasons is the gravity system4 ,the waters are impounded in lakes or artificial reservoirs and carried thence in large main canals1 winding about the hills so as to secure a low uniform grade4 ,once established1 no other force is needed but the usual flow of the water4 ,page #db ,another method resorted to when the gravity system is impossible is to pump the water from the big rivers into smaller reservoirs leading to the canals1 the pumps being kept busy only during the months in which the water is needed4 ,this method is quite successful1 but requires a somewhat larger annual expenditure4 ,it is being used in some extensive projects1 the water being taken out of the ,columbia river4 ,the third method is in securing the water by means of artesian wells4 ,this method is naturally limited to small areas1 the projects being undertaken by individual private owners4 ,several spots have been found in the arid belt where this method is successful4 ,,soils4 ,the soils over the entire areas of eastern ,washington on the arid lands is a volcanic ash mixed with disintegrated basaltic rocks and some humus1 varying in depth and in the amount of sand it contains4 ,the low lands are usually more sandy and warmer and earlier in season4 ,the depth of this soil is in some places #hj feet and generally so deep as to insure great permanency to its fertility4 ,it readily absorbs and holds moisture1 and is admirably adapted to artificial watering4 ,in some spots there is an injurious surplus of alkali4 ,it is generally covered with sagebrush and has the appearance of sterility1 but upon cultivation under irrigation1 produces wonderful results in quantity and quality of grains and grasses and fruits and vegetables4 ,,grains4 ,wheat1 oats and corn are successfully grown1 but not in large acreage1 because larger profits can be realized from other crops4 ,,hops ,,and ,,potatoes4 ,hops1 for example1 which can be produced at a cost of #g-a_/b cents per pound1 yield from #a1ejj to #b1jjj pounds per acre1 and potatoes1 yielding from #cjj to #ejj bushels per acre1 and receiving the highest market price1 are both more profitable than wheat or oats4 ,page #dc ,,alfalfa4 ,alfalfa1 yielding from eight to ten tons per acre1 and commanding from #f4jj to #ab4jj per ton1 is a very profitable crop4 ,much wheat and oats are cut when in the milk and sold for hay1 and yield better returns than when matured and threshed4 ,,fruits4 ,the smaller fruits are very profitable under irrigation1 yielding from #cjj to #ejj net per acre1 while apples1 pears1 peaches1 grapes1 etc41 often far exceed these figures1 sometimes yielding as much as #a1jjj per acre net4 ,,dairying4 ,dairying is extensively followed on the irrigated lands1 particularly in ,kittitas county1 where the cool atmosphere is very favorable1 and the farmers find that turning timothy and clover1 alfalfa and grain hay into butter fat is more profitable than wheat-raising4 ,,preparation ,,of ,,land4 ,there is a good deal of this arid land which will have to be freed from the sagebrush and smoothed over before it will be fit for irrigation4 ,this expense1 together with building headgates and lateral ditches1 building flumes and seeding to alfalfa1 will cost from #ae4jj to #bj4jj per acre1 depending upon the character of the surface1 the size of the sagebrush1 and amount of flumes1 etc4 ,some1 however1 very smooth lands can be prepared for seeding at less expense4 ,,disposition ,,of ,,crops4 ,the hay crops are in large part sold on the ground and fed to cattle and sheep which have summered in the mountain ranges and are carried through the winters on the farms in the valleys4 ,what is left after supplying this demand is baled and shipped by rail to the markets on ,puget sound1 ,portland or ,spokane4 ,the ,sound country is also the chief purchaser of the fruits1 although many winter apples1 on account of their superior quality1 are shipped to eastern markets4 ,page #dd ,potatoes and other vegetables usually go west1 although an occasional season finds the eastern market depleted1 and then the shipments go to the best market4 ,hops are sold to be delivered at railroad stations and go east1 many even to ,europe4 ,,value ,,of ,,lands4 ,the irrigated lands are yearly appreciating in value1 mindless of the large acreage annually added to the supply4 ,this is largely due to the fact that they are bought up and held for speculative purposes4 ,however1 there are still many farms in the hands of first purchasers from the government1 and others still to be had directly from the government and others from the ,northern ,pacific company1 not yet under ditches1 which may ultimately be reclaimed4 ,these latter can be had from #g4jj to #be4jj per acre4 ,the lands already under ditch1 or which will soon be irrigated certainly1 are held from #ej to #ajj raw and from #abe to #bjj with water rights paid for4 ,much land is on the market1 already planted or to be planted to orchards1 and cared for1 for a term of years until the orchards are in bearing1 which can be purchased on easy terms1 ranging in price from #bjj to #ejj per acre4 ,,transportation4 ,nearness to transportation is a valuable factor in determining the price of lands--whether under irrigation or otherwise4 ,the lands being irrigated in eastern ,washington are1 for the most part1 adjacent to competing railways and water craft on both the ,columbia and ,snake rivers4 ,projects are in contemplation by the government and state to remove all obstructions from the ,columbia river and give a great navigable stream from ,kettle ,falls to the mouth of the river4 ,this will add to the shipping facilities by increasing the number of boats which will ply the river and be of great help to all farmers holding lands adjacent4 ,numerous trolley lines are already running in many directions--and more are projected--among the irrigated farms connecting with the cities of ,spokane1 ,north ,yakima1 ,page #de and ,walla ,walla4 ,these add greatly to the facility and cheapness of transportation4 ,,climate4 ,the character of the climate is well suggested by the crops which can be harvested4 ,they include peaches1 apricots1 grapes1 figs1 tomatoes1 peanuts1 sweet potatoes1 and other things which require a warm summer and warm soil4 ,very little moisture comes upon the land in the summer4 ,the winters are moderately cold1 with some snow1 which is joyfully hailed by the farmers1 for all moisture is quickly absorbed by the soil and held for summer's use4 ,the spring season is two or three weeks earlier than in the ,puget sound basin4 ,moderate winds prevail during the summer months1 coming from the east and west by turns1 and prevent excessive sultry weather4 ,,occupations4 ,aside from the ordinary agricultural pursuits suggested by the foregoing1 which includes grain-growing1 horticulture1 dairying and truck gardening1 should be mentioned stock-raising1 particularly of sheep1 many thousands of which are yearly wintered in the valleys and summered on the ranges4 ,bee culture and poultry-raising are also both becoming important4 ,in closing1 it should be said that the activity of the government and private investors together has given a great impetus to the settlement of these arid lands1 and the population is rapidly increasing1 being made up of a miscellaneous assortment of ,uncle ,sam's energetic1 wideawake1 industrious citizens1 building homes and making fortunes more rapidly1 probably1 than in any other part of irrigated regions in his domain4 ,the doors are open1 too1 for the newcomers1 for ten times the population now there can well be made prosperous4 ,page #df ,,the ,,counties ,,and ,,more ,,important ,,cities ,,and ,,towns ,,of ,,washington ,,adams ,,county ,,location4 ,adams county is in the center of southeastern ,washington1 cut out of the once great desert plateau1 covered with sage brush4 ,it has developed into one of the most important food-producing counties of the state4 ,it has a population of about #ac1jjj and covers #a1ijh square miles of territory4 ,,climate4 ,its climate is not different from that of the balance of the district in which it is situated1 and1 although some days in winter are severely cold and some in summer hot1 its dry atmosphere softens the asperity of its cold1 and its generous crop yields are full compensation for the heat of the summer's sun4 ,its mean temperature ranges from #cj degrees to #dj degrees in winter and from #ej to #gd degrees in summer4 ,its usual coldest days are #bj degrees to #be degrees and its hottest ranging above #ajj degrees4 ,its rain and snow give about #ab inches of water4 ,it has one small stream1 a tributary of the ,palouse river4 ,,transportation4 ,the ,northern ,pacific railway cutting the county diagonally from northeast to southwest and the ,oregon ,railroad ,navigation railway across its southeast corner and near its south and west borders furnish good facilities for handling its generous wheat crops4 ,to these are soon to be added the ,chicago1 ,milwaukee ,st4 ,paul1 the ,portland ,seattle1 and the ,north ,coast roads1 giving the county very superior railroad facilities4 ,,industries4 ,wheat is its great staple crop1 and the last year out of a crop acreage of #bge1jjj gave to the world nearly #f1jjj1jjj bushels1 an average of upwards of #bj bushels to the acre4 ,when this average is compared with that of the wheat fields of the ,mississippi valley1 it is no wonder that the value of its realty has increased for the purposes of taxation more than #cjj per cent4 in the past six years4 ,horses1 cattle1 hogs and sheep are to a limited extent raised on the farms1 and are important adjuncts to its prosperity4 ,page #dg ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,ritzville is the county seat1 and has a city hall1 electric lights and water system1 flour and feed mills1 and is the chief distributing center of the county4 ,,lind will be one of the important points on the ,chicago1 ,milwaukee ,st4 ,paul railway1 now building across the county4 ,,washtucna also is to have another outlet for its wheat over the ,portland ,seattle railway1 projected and building4 ,all these towns have good schools1 churches1 warehouses1 mercantile establishments1 and all enjoy an abundance of prosperity from the marketing of the crops4 ,,asotin ,,county ,,location4 ,asotin county occupies the extreme southeastern corner of the state1 being separated from ,idaho on the east by the ,snake river and from ,oregon on the south by the state boundary4 ,its population is about #g1ejj1 its area #fdj square miles4 ,it takes in a portion of the ,blue mountains1 from which numerous small streams furnish abundant water for all domestic farm purposes and for irrigating quite a large area of lands1 which makes the county ideal for the stock-raiser and fruit-grower4 ,,industries4 ,the irrigation of the low lands has had a wonderful effect in stimulating the fruit industry1 and resulted in a great advance in land values1 particularly about ,clarkston and ,cloverland1 while the cool water of the mountain streams and their grassy slopes make the dairy business especially profitable4 ,general farming1 however1 is still the standby of the bulk of the population4 ,at ,clarkston the lands irrigated and planted to orchards have reached in many instances a value of #a1jjj per acre1 the waters being taken out of ,asotin creek4 ,about ,cloverland1 waters from ,george creek have wrought almost an equal increase in values4 ,cloverland is on a plateau about #b1ejj feet above sea level1 and the lands irrigated and planted to winter apples are paying handsome dividends to their fortunate owners4 ,on ordinary farm lands wheat yields #be to #ej bushels per acre and barley from #dj to #fj bushels per acre4 ,,transportation4 ,the transportation is limited to the power of steamboats on the ,snake river and the ,oregon ,railroad ,navigation railway1 which is reached at ,lewiston1 across the river from ,clarkston4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,asotin1 the county seat1 situated about seven miles south of ,clarkston1 on the ,snake river1 has about #a1ejj people within its borders4 ,it ,page #dh has a flour mill1 warehouses1 churches1 schools1 public library1 light and water systems1 and is a prosperous1 thriving town4 ,,clarkston1 an important commercial center1 is situated on the flats of the ,snake river1 in the northeast part of the county4 ,its population somewhat exceeds that of ,asotin4 ,it has all the business institutions of a thriving town1 is the main distributing point for a large area1 and is rapidly growing4 ,,cloverland1 ,,craigie ,,and ,,anatone are thriving smaller towns4 ,,benton ,,county ,benton county is bounded north1 east and south by the ,columbia river and west by ,yakima and ,klickitat counties4 ,it has an area of #a1fjj square miles and a population of about #i1jjj people4 ,,topography4 ,the ,yakima river traverses the center of the county in a very crooked course1 through the valley of which the ,northern ,pacific railroad winds its way to the top of the ,cascades4 ,both north and south of the valley of the ,yakima are extensive hill and plateau lands1 which are being rapidly utilized for general farming4 ,the valley lands are arid and useless without irrigating water4 ,,irrigation4 ,extensive irrigation projects are in successful operation and projected to bring a very large portion of the valley lands into successful use1 for these lands1 when irrigated1 are of unsurpassed fertility4 ,lands capable of irrigation have rapidly risen in value during the past few years because of the immense yields of all crops under irrigation4 ,,transportation4 ,the ,northern ,pacific railway through its center1 the ,portland ,seattle around its southern and eastern border and the ,north ,coast coming into the ,yakima valley from the northeast and the southeast1 together with the shipping on the ,columbia river1 give abundant means of marketing its products1 while several local electric roads are projected to connect its towns and help to open up the newly developed portions of the county4 ,,important ,,industries4 ,general farming on the uplands1 truck-gardening and fruit-raising on the irrigated lower lands are the chief occupations4 ,on account of the great fertility of the volcanic soils and the early springs1 ,benton county is able to supply the large towns with fruits and vegetables some two weeks earlier than most other sections1 giving it quite an advantage in prices4 ,the county is rapidly growing in population and prosperity4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ci4--,stacking ,hay in ,kittitas ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #dj4--,new ,training ,school1 ,ellensburg1 ,kittitas ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #da4--,sheep-,raising in ,klickitat ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #db4--,wheat-,raising in ,klickitat ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #dc4--;,eighty-,acre ,orchard in ,klickitat ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #dd4--,manufacturing ,scenes1 ,chehalis1 ,lewis ,county4 ,page #di ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,prosser1 its chief town and county seat1 is on the ,yakima river and ,northern ,pacific railway in the western central part of the county1 and has about #b1jjj population4 ,it is the chief distributing center of the county4 ,it has three weekly newspapers1 six churches1 good water supply1 banks1 stores1 warehouses1 lumber yards1 etc4 ,,kennewick1 at the easterly center of the county1 on the ,northern ,pacific and ,portland ,seattle railroads and on the ,columbia river1 is a town of much importance1 having about #a1ejj people4 ,it is noted for the remarkable earliness of its fruits and vegetables4 ,it has the usual business1 church and school establishments1 including an ice and cold storage plant4 ,,kiona1 on the ,yakima river1 midway between ,prosser and ,kennewick1 ,,carley ,,and ,,peterson1 in the southern portion of the county1 on the ,columbia river1 are all growing and prospering smaller towns4 ,,chehalis ,,county ,chehalis county is central among the counties bordering on the ,pacific1 the towns about ,grays ,harbor being its seaports4 ,it has an area of #b1fjj square miles and a population of #ce1jjj4 ,,resources4 ,its industries arise out of its vast timber belts1 its fertile low lands1 and its fisheries4 ,it is said to have #hjj1jjj acres of magnificent timber lands1 the great bulk of it unmarketed4 ,logging and the manufacture of wood products make up its chief occupation1 though general farming and fruit-raising is rapidly gaining4 ,the lands of the county when reclaimed from the forests are fertile and respond generously to the labor of the husbandman4 ,in #aijf1 #ae1jjj apple trees were planted in the county4 ,the fishing industry1 including the canning of salmon1 sardines1 clams and oysters1 is a thriving industry and destined to develop into much larger proportions4 ,,transportation4 ,grays ,harbor is open to the ocean1 but is splendidly protected and has safe anchorage4 ,it is the largest lumber shipping port in the state4 ,the ,humptulips and ,chehalis rivers empty their waters into the bay1 and are both navigable for some distance4 ,in addition1 the ,northern ,pacific railroad skirts both sides of the bay and a logging railroad from ,shelton1 in ,mason county1 has nearly reached the ocean1 going through the county from east to west4 ,other railroads have surveying parties in the field1 and a conflict is on to share the vast lumber-carrying trade of the county with the ,northern ,pacific1 which has till now monopolized it4 ,chehalis county is one of the most important counties in the state1 and offers an abundant opportunity for ,yankee energy to exercise itself ,page #ej in almost every avenue of business4 ,its opportunities and resources are numerous and vast4 ,the newcomer may look long and find no better place for his talents4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,montesano is the county seat1 located at the head of navigation on the ,chehalis river1 and on the ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,it has a population of about #c1ejj4 ,it has sawmills1 sash and door factories1 and is surrounded by a prosperous farming community1 dairying being very remunerative4 ,,aberdeen is the commercial metropolis of the county4 ,nearly #ae1jjj is daily paid out to wage-earners4 ,much commerce from the ocean is centering here1 #gcf vessels clearing from ,grays ,harbor in #aijg4 ,seven hundred and seventy-seven thousand dollars has been appropriated by congress for the improvement of the harbor4 ,the city has terminal rail rates1 and the ,northern ,pacific and ,chicago1 ,milwaukee ,st4 ,paul railroads are hustling after its trade4 ,the business portion of the city is built of stone1 brick or cement4 ,it has eleven large sawmills1 many shingle mills and various other factories for utilizing the products of its timber1 besides fish and clam canneries and other factories4 ,its population1 now about #ae1jjj1 is rapidly growing4 ,,hoquiam1 ,aberdeen's nearby neighbor1 has a population crowding #aa1jjj1 and is a hustling manufacturing and commercial center1 not different in its general business from ,aberdeen4 ,,elma1 twelve miles east of ,montesano1 is a town of #b1gjj4 ,,cosmopolis1 south of the river from ,aberdeen1 has about #a1bjj1 and is a sawmill town4 ,,oakville1 ,,makrham and ,,satsop are small growing towns on the ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,many other embryo towns will in time grow into prosperous business centers4 ,,chelan ,,county ,chelan county is one of picturesque beauty and abundance of both developed and undeveloped wealth4 ,it faces the ,columbia river eastward1 while its back rests against the peaks of the ,cascades1 #e1jjj to #f1jjj feet above the sea4 ,lake ,chelan is the largest fresh water body in the state1 fifty miles long and one to four wide1 and lies #djj feet higher than the ,columbia river4 ,chelan county has #b1jjj square miles1 much of it mountainous and full of minerals4 ,its population is at present about #ad1jjj4 ,,resources4 ,horticulture1 agriculture1 lumbering1 stock-raising1 mining and dairying all flourish on the bountiful natural fitness of the county for these occupations4 ,the climate is attractive4 ,it is a sunshiny county4 ,page #ea ,,transportation4 ,steamers ply up and down the ,columbia river4 ,the ,great ,northern railway crosses the county through the valley of the ,wenatchee river and the ,washington ,great ,northern railway is projected along the western boundary of the ,columbia river4 ,,products4 ,all kinds of temperate zone fruits mature here in wonderful perfection and abundance4 ,the valleys run with water from the mountains to irrigate the lands1 and furnish vast power1 much of it undeveloped4 ,hills in the western part of the county are timbered and all the vacant lands are grass covered4 ,over #a1jjj1jjj fruit trees have been planted in the last three years in the county4 ,the mountain foothills are full of mineral veins of copper1 gold1 silver1 lead and molybdonite4 ,some have been producing for twenty years4 ,trout in the streams and game on the hills add to its attractiveness4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,wenatchee is the county seat and largest town1 having about #c1ejj people4 ,it is located on the ,columbia river near where the ,great ,northern railway crosses it4 ,it is the chief distributing center for the county and much other territory1 chiefly north of it4 ,,leavenworth1 westward of ,wenatchee1 and also on the railroad1 has a population of #a1bjj and is a division point4 ,,chelan1 at the foot of ,lake ,chelan1 has about #gjj people4 ,,cashmere1 on the railroad1 is of about equal size4 ,,lakeside1 ,,peshastin and ,,entiat are smaller towns1 all thriving and growing4 ,,clallam ,,county ,clallam county occupies #b1jjj square miles of the northwestern part of the ,olympic peninsula1 having #ce miles of shore land on the ,pacific and #ij miles on the straits4 ,the ,olympic mountains and foothills cover the southern half mostly1 while the northern half is made up of lower hills and valleys4 ,several large lakes nestle among the mountains2 one of them1 ,lake ,crescent1 is a famous summer resort4 ,lake ,crescent is known as the home of the celebrated ,beardslee trout4 ,the eastern and southern parts have a rainfall sometimes nearing #ajj inches annually1 while in the eastern northerly part it is about #bj to #be inches only4 ,an important section of the county is that known as ,sequim ,prairie ,this is a level district of about #e1jjj acres1 located three miles back from ,port ,williams4 ,most of it is under irrigation1 and the soil thus treated produces marvelous crops4 ,page #eb ,,resources4 ,lumber1 fish1 agricultural products and coal comprise its chief resources4 ,the timber of the county is very vast and very little exploited4 ,its proximity to the ocean makes it very advantageous for all fishing industries4 ,its valleys are noted for the fertility of their soils1 and many a farmer has grown wealthy from their cultivation4 ,,transportation4 ,facilities for getting about are limited to boats and wagons4 ,a splendid boat service is maintained with ,seattle and other ,sound ports1 and a system of public roads is now in process of construction that will be unexcelled in the state4 ,several surveying parties are now in the woods and it is believed that ,grays ,harbor and the ,straits of ,juan de ,fuca will be soon united with railroad iron and ,clallam county will come to its own4 ,,principal ,,towns ,,and ,,villages4 ,,port ,,angeles1 located about #fj miles from the ocean on the ,straits of ,fuca1 is the largest town and county seat4 ,it has a splendid harbor1 with fine anchorage1 furnishing a safe refuge for ships when the storms rage outside4 ,,dungeness and ,,sequim1 three miles from ,,port ,,williams1 are important farming centers1 both noted for their dairy products1 and contribute largely to make ,clallam the second county in the state in the value of its dairy products4 ,,quillayute1 ,,forks1 ,,beaver1 ,,blyn and ,,gettysburg are other small settlements waiting for the railroads to open up the country and render their natural resources available for the good of the world4 ,,clarke ,,county ,clarke county lies on the north shore of the ,columbia river1 opposite ,portland1 ,oregon4 ,it has #fjj square miles of territory4 ,it was one of the earliest settled parts of the state1 and its timber as yet uncut is large4 ,it is extremely well watered4 ,the ,columbia and ,lewis rivers border it on three sides with navigable waters4 ,it has a mild climate1 very fertile soil1 and splendid markets at its doors1 abundant rainfall1 and agriculture is successfully carried on without irrigation4 ,,transportation4 ,the ,northern ,pacific railway connects its various towns with both ,portland and ,seattle1 and the ,north ,bank and ,oregon ,washington railroad1 paralleling the ,northern ,pacific1 will add greatly to the facility and cheapness of its transportation4 ,from ,vancouver northeasterly a road is in operation nearly across the county1 headed for ,north ,yakima and the ,east4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #de4--,mt4 ,st4 ,helens and ,reflection in ,spirit ,lake1 ,lewis ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #df4--,,lewis ,,county ,,scenes4 ,dairy ,farm and ,hop ,field4 ,a ,valley ,ranch4 ,page #ec ,,industries4 ,much of the southern part of the county is devoted to fruit-raising1 prunes being a very prominent factor in the county's output4 ,general agriculture1 with dairying1 are very profitable1 and to these are to be added fishing1 lumbering and mining4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,vancouver has a population of about #h1jjj1 and is rapidly growing4 ,it is the county seat1 and is connected with ,portland1 ,oregon1 by a trolley line4 ,the ,northern ,pacific1 ,union ,pacific1 ,oregon ,railroad ,navigation and ,north ,bank railroads all compete for its traffic4 ,it is the central distributing point of the county1 and is the ,united ,states military headquarters for ,washington1 ,oregon and ,alaska4 ,it is well represented in business establishments1 including barrel factory1 fruit cannery1 ship yard1 iron foundry1 shoe factory1 and others4 ,,la ,,center1 ,,etna1 ,,nacolt1 ,,amboy and ,,brush ,,prairie are smaller towns1 all holding out an inviting hand to the newcomer1 and offering desirable opportunities for new business in both merchandising and agriculture1 as well as in lumbering and its kindred industries4 ,clarke county is one well worth investigating by intending settlers1 both on account of its latent possibilities and because of its peculiarly desirable climatic conditions1 and its abundant competing transportation facilities1 both by rail and water4 ,,columbia ,,county ,columbia county is one of the four counties in southeastern ,washington1 lying on the ,oregon state line and south of the ,snake river4 ,a forest reserve in the ,blue mountains covers much of the southern portion of the county1 which is heavily timbered4 ,the ,northern part of the county is made up of rolling prairie lands1 of great fertility on account of the large proportion of clay added to the volcanic ash1 which composes most of the soils of eastern ,washington4 ,irrigation is here unnecessary1 and abundant crops reward the agriculturist4 ,the climate is mild1 healthful and vigorous1 inclining to much outdoor life the year around4 ,,products4 ,columbia county is essentially an agricultural county1 but of late years is branching out into fruit-raising and dairying with marked success4 ,apples and pears predominate among the fruits1 though all others do well4 ,wheat is1 however1 still its great product1 and both the ,northern ,pacific and ,oregon ,railroad ,navigation railroads are in operation through the northern part of the county to carry away its rich grain harvests4 ,the citizens of ,columbia county are among the most prosperous of the state1 its average of per capita wealth being exceeded by only three other counties4 ,page #ed ,,principal ,,towns4 ,,dayton1 the county seat1 has a population of about #c1ejj people1 is situated about in the center of the county1 and is the chief town for the county's exports1 as well as the distributor of its merchandise4 ,it is a substantially built city1 with flour and feed mills1 and general mercantile establishments of importance4 ,all the public interests1 including schools and churches1 are generously provided for4 ,its chief exports are grain1 fruit1 livestock and wool4 ,,starbuck1 in the northern part of the county1 is a shipping point of no mean importance on the ,oregon ,railroad ,navigation railway4 ,,cowlitz ,,county ,cowlitz county lies immediately north of ,clarke county1 bordering about #dj miles on the ,columbia river4 ,it has about #a1ajj square miles of territory1 and about #ac1jjj people4 ,the southwestern portion is largely composed of level valley lands1 while its northeastern part is occupied by the foothills of ,mount ,st4 ,helens4 ,the drainage is all westerly and southerly into the ,columbia river4 ,cowlitz river is navigable as far as ,castle ,rock1 and is an important factor in the transportation problem4 ,,resources4 ,timber is the great source of industry at present1 the county having about two-thirds of its area heavily covered and unexploited4 ,about #dj saw and shingle mills are engaged in disposing of its logs4 ,agriculture follows close on the heels of the lumberman everywhere in western ,washington1 and nowhere are better results in general farming and dairying obtained than in ,cowlitz county4 ,cowlitz coal fields have not yet been largely utilized1 but will be extensively developed in time4 ,,transportation4 ,aside from the river navigation1 this county is well supplied with transportation facilities by rail4 ,the valley of the ,cowlitz river affords the natural highway for roads between the ,columbia river and ,puget sound1 and is already traversed by the ,northern ,pacific1 while the ,union ,pacific systems and the ,north ,coast road are projected over practically parallel lines through the county4 ,from ,kalama all three systems extend south to ,portland and ,vancouver4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,kalama1 on the bank of the ,columbia river at the ferry crossing of the ,northern ,pacific railway1 is the chief town and county seat4 ,there are here extensive electric power plants and a gravity water system4 ,the chief industries grow out of the lumbering and fishing interests4 ,it has about #a1bej people1 but is just now rapidly growing1 owing to its superb transportation facilities by both rail and water4 ,page #ee ,,kelso and ,,castle ,,rock are both important towns on the railroads and ,cowlitz river1 each having about #a1ejj people4 ,at ,kelso1 which is near the ,columbia river1 considerable fish are caught and packed1 yet the timber furnishes the chief industry4 ,fruit and dairying and general agriculture provide a large part of the support for the town merchants4 ,,ostrander1 ,,carrolton1 ,,catlin1 ,,ariel and ,,lexington are smaller towns1 all prospering and being built up into substantial business centers by the steadily increasing development of the latent resources of the county4 ,this county offers many opportunities for business to the newcomer in either merchandising1 manufacturing or farming4 ,,douglas ,,county ,douglas county occupies the big bend of the ,columbia river1 having about #a1hjj square miles of territory4 ,formerly there were #d1ejj square miles4 ,the last legislature carved the county in two1 giving ,grant county the southeastern part1 about #b1gjj square miles of territory1 and leaving #a1hjj to the northeastern part1 with the old name4 ,the bend of the ,columbia on the northeast and ,grant county on the southeast1 compose its boundary4 ,this division boundary follows the northeastern bank of the ,grand coulee1 and following its general direction meets the ,columbia river where the ,great ,northern railroad touches its valley1 thus putting all of that railroad in this new county1 excepting only a few miles of the railroad along the banks of the river in the southeastern corner of ,douglas county4 ,douglas county is essentially a high plateau1 some of it #a1ejj feet above the main bank4 ,waterville is the county seat1 and considerable land along the valley of the ,columbia is being irrigated and proving to be of great value for fruit and grain growing4 ,in the southeastern part of the county are some lands covered with black basaltic rocks1 but the great bulk of the lands are rich in a volcanic ash soil1 and produce large crops of grain without irrigation4 ,a wrong view of the county can easily be impressed upon the traveler by rail2 he will see so many of the basaltic rocks from the car windows but once up out of the canyon which the railroad follows1 he will find himself in view of an expanse of wheat fields so vast and rich as to astonish him4 ,,resources4 ,as already indicated1 this county is essentially a grain producer4 ,wheat and oats are marketed in large quantities4 ,fruit-growing and stock-raising are important adjuncts to the county's wealth4 ,it is comparatively new1 and lands can be had at very reasonable prices4 ,,transportation4 ,as now constituted1 ,douglas county will rely wholly upon the steamboat crafts on the river to get its grain to market4 ,its trade1 however1 ,page #ef is too vast to be passed by1 and already two lines of railroad1 the ,washington ,great ,northern and ,north ,coast1 are projecting into the very center of its vast wheat fields4 ,with these roads completed as projected1 ,douglas county will have easy access to both water and rail transportation1 and renewed importance will be given to its farming industries4 ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,waterville is its chief town and county seat4 ,it is among the wheat fields1 in a broad plain1 about seven miles east of the ,columbia river1 to which it is connected by good roads for stages and freight wagons4 ,it has one of the ,u4 ,s4 general land offices4 ,it has good schools and churches1 water and electric lighting systems1 both owned by the city4 ,it has a population of about #a1bjj people1 and is well supplied with business houses1 flour and feed mills1 a brick yard1 bank1 etc4 ,,bridgeport1 a town of some #djj people1 is situated in the northern part of the county on the ,columbia river east of its junction with the ,okanogan river1 and is an important wheat-shipping point1 having a regular steamboat service4 ,a bank1 flour mill1 warehouses and general stores are serving the community1 but other industries await the newcomer4 ,,douglas1 ,,farmer1 ,,jameson1 ,,mansfield and ,,hollister are growing agricultural centers4 ,,ferry ,,county ,ferry county is about in the center of the northern part of eastern ,washington1 stretching from the northern boundary of the state to the ,columbia river1 which marks its southern and southwestern boundary4 ,the southern half of the county is within the ,colville ,indian reservation1 and is therefore wholly undeveloped4 ,the lands1 however1 have in fact been allotted and the remainder will be thrown open for settlement in the near future4 ,altogether it has an area of #b1bjj square miles1 and a population of #e1jjj4 ,it is principally composed of low mountains1 well timbered1 with valleys furnishing fine grazing4 ,,climate4 ,the climate of the county is such as prevails generally in northeastern ,washington--a couple of months of snow in winter1 affording plenty of sleighing1 skating1 etc4 ,summers are very pleasant1 and spring and fall delightful4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #dg4--;,a ,ranch ,scene in ,lincoln ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #dh4--;,harvest ,time in ,lincoln ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #di4--,view of ,spokane ,river in ,lincoln ,county1 ,showing ,possibility of ,power ,development4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ej4--,mason ,county ,timber4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ea4--;,dairy ,scene in ,mason ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #eb4--,oyster ,beds in ,mason ,county4 ,,resources4 ,the bulk of the resources of this county are yet dormant4 ,the mountains are full of minerals2 timber is abundant2 grassy hillsides are tempting to the sheep and cattle1 while the soil is rich1 and when tilled will be found to produce excellent crops4 ,the county has a fine future for wealth from all these sources1 and1 while the mines are ,page #eg first to be made productive1 without doubt the fruits and cereals will come into their own in time and furnish much of its wealth4 ,,transportation4 ,two railroads reach the center of the northern half of the county1 terminating at ,republic1 the county seat4 ,these railroads have pushed in here after the precious metals mined in the vicinity4 ,the ,columbia river is navigable most of its course on the county boundary1 barring some obstructions which the national government will remove and thus open up to river navigation to the ocean the fruits of toil in ,ferry county4 ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,republic1 the county seat1 is the only large town in the county1 and has a population of about #a1bej people4 ,it is the distributing point for supplies for the mines and ships out much ore for the smelters4 ,ferry county altogether offers exceptional opportunities for the homeseeker in a variety of occupations1 as already indicated4 ,,franklin ,,county ,franklin county occupies the basin formed by the junction of the ,columbia and ,snake rivers1 being bounded east1 south and west by them4 ,the southern portion of the county is scarcely #cjj feet above sea level1 and the soil is fine and sandy4 ,the northern part of the county is somewhat higher and composed of successive benches till they reach an altitude of #a1jjj feet4 ,it is only a few years since these lands were all considered barren and useless4 ,yet in #aijf these bench lands in this county added #a1ejj1jjj bushels of wheat to the world's supply and in the following season nearly doubled that output4 ,there are no forests1 the land being covered with bunchgrass and sagebrush4 ,,irrigation4 ,along the rivers some farmers have irrigated small parcels of land by pumping water1 but the bulk of the irrigable lands are awaiting the action of the ,u4 ,s4 ,reclamation ,service1 which it is thought will ultimately be engaged in an extensive irrigation problem to reclaim thousands of acres now arid and barren4 ,the warm climate of these low ,bandy lands has already been proven to be immensely advantageous to the gardener and fruit-grower1 and the lands wonderfully productive when the magic influence of plenty of water renders the sources of plant life soluble4 ,the wheat crops now being produced come from the bench lands without irrigation4 ,,transportation4 ,the ,northern ,pacific railway passes diagonally through the county and crosses the ,columbia river near ,pasco4 ,the ,oregon ,railroad ,page #eh ,navigation railway taps the wheat belt in the northern part of the county and the ,north ,coast is projected through it1 while the ,portland ,seattle follows the north bank of the ,snake river along its southwestern boundary1 thus giving the county four systems of railroad1 besides the ,columbia river steamboats4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,pasco is the county seat1 in the extreme southern portion of the county1 near the ,columbia river1 and is more noted as a railroad center than as a shipping point1 on account of the fact that the surrounding lands are as yet unirrigated4 ,it has a population of about #a1hjj1 and is just now enjoying new vigor and much building in anticipation of its future usefulness as a commercial center for distribution of both merchandise and agricultural products4 ,,connell1 in the northern part of the county1 is a shipping point of importance1 and has two railroad lines and a third one coming4 ,in addition to the cereals1 many sheep and horses are being raised and shipped out of the county from this vicinity4 ,,garfield ,,county ,garfield county is the second from the southeast corner of the state1 and extends from the ,snake river on the north to the state boundary on the south4 ,it has #fbg square miles of territory and a population of about #g1jjj4 ,the southern portion is included in the ,wenaha forest reserve1 and is quite heavily timbered4 ,the northern portion is an extremely prolific farming region1 made up of undulating lands with deep rich soil1 composed of clays and volcanic ash4 ,no irrigation is necessary1 and very heavy crops of grain are annually matured4 ,,resources4 ,as already intimated1 the chief source of income for the county comes from the tillage of the soil4 ,of the crops raised1 barley is in the lead1 having furnished #a1hjj1jjj bushels in #aijg1 which places this county second of all counties in the state in the production of this cereal4 ,wheat and oats are also largely produced4 ,stock-raising in the southern ranges of the county is very profitable1 and much fruit is of late years being produced4 ,indeed1 ,garfield county is well up to the front in the per capita wealth of its citizens4 ,,principal ,,towns4 ,,pomeroy is the county seat and chief distributing center of the county4 ,it is situated in the north central part of the county1 on the ,pataha river and the ,oregon ,railroad ,navigation railway4 ,it has a population of nearly #b1jjj4 ,it is lighted with electricity1 has a gravity water system1 and all the machinery for doing all the business naturally coming to a town ,page #ei of its size4 ,it has a fine high school and graded schools1 churches1 newspapers1 banks1 warehouses1 big stocks of goods1 fire department1 cet4 ,,grant ,,county ,grant county occupies about #b1gjj square miles of what was formerly ,douglas county1 comprising the lands southeast of the ,grand and ,moses coulees1 bordering on the southwest on the ,columbia river1 with ,adams and ,lincoln counties on its eastern border4 ,ephrata is the county seat1 on the ,great ,northern railway4 ,the northern part of the county is traversed by the ,great ,northern railroad1 and has developed into a vast region of grain production without irrigation1 although originally supposed to be valueless for cereal-raising4 ,the southern part is new and comparatively undeveloped1 but is crossed by the ,chicago1 ,milwaukee ,st4 ,paul railway1 just now giving this new county great impetus4 ,the southern portion of the county has long been a grazing ground for herds of cattle and horses1 but it is thought now it will be turned into a prosperous region of small farms4 ,while the county is cut by several coulees1 it is chiefly composed of large areas of bench lands1 comparatively level1 barring a range of hills in its southwestern corner called ,saddle mountains4 ,there is considerable water in the county1 ,moses lake being quite a large body of water with bordering swampy lands1 about in the center1 and ,wilson creek1 in the northern and ,crab creek1 in the southern part1 furnishing considerable stock water4 ,,lands4 ,the lands tributary to the ,great ,northern railway already produce great quantities of grain and livestock1 and these will continue to be its staple crops until irrigation may come in and stimulate fruit production1 for which it is thought much of the lands will be suitable4 ,,transportation4 ,both the ,great ,northern and ,northern ,pacific railway systems are in the grain fields of the northern part of the county4 ,the ,milwaukee road crosses the southern part1 the ,n4 ,s4 is projected along its western border1 paralleling the ,columbia river1 which is navigable1 thus affording all the county1 excepting the central portion1 good facilities for marketing its products4 ,as the county develops1 beyond question branch lines will penetrate this portion1 and ,grant county will become as well supplied as any other portion of the state with facilities for commerce4 ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,ephrata1 the county seat1 is a small village on the ,great ,northern railway about midway of the county and the center of a large wheat-growing section4 ,its transformation into an important town is rapidly ,page #fj going on1 the new county government calling for a variety of new occupations to center here4 ,,wilson ,,creek1 near the eastern border of the county1 is a larger town whose chief industry is marketing grain4 ,it is an important distributing point1 with prospects of larger growth4 ,,quincy is a station on the ,great ,northern and is also an important wheat-shipping point4 ,,soap ,,lake1 on a lake of the same name1 is noted as a resort for the rheumatic4 ,,bacon1 ,,coulee ,,city1 and ,,hartline are stations on the ,northern ,pacific railway in the northeastern part of the county4 ,grant county is new1 but has large undeveloped resources1 and is awaiting the newcomer with abundant offerings for his energy and labor4 ,,island ,,county ,island county is entirely composed of a group of islands in ,puget sound1 the largest two being ,whidby and ,camano4 ,it has a land area of #bbg square miles and a population of about #e1jjj4 ,,resources4 ,lumber1 agricultural products and fish make up the county's resources4 ,considerable of the timber1 particularly from ,whidby island1 has been removed1 and wheat1 oats1 hay1 potatoes1 fruits1 poultry1 butter1 eggs1 etc41 are now shipped out to the splendid nearby markets at the chief seaport towns on ,puget ,sound4 ,the soils in the northern part of ,whidby island are of remarkable fertility1 some of them producing as much as #ajj bushels of wheat per acre and immense crops of potatoes4 ,in season the waters of the county abound in salmon and other salt water fish1 and many of the citizens of the county find profitable employment in connection with the fishing industry4 ,,principal ,,towns4 ,,coupeville is a town of some #djj people and the county seat1 situated on a beautiful bay in the northern part of ,whidby island4 ,it is chief distributing point for the county1 has a sawmill1 shingle mill1 fruit-drying establishment1 stores1 churches1 schools1 a newspaper1 etc4 ,,oak ,,harbor1 further north1 is the center of a large farming and logging district4 ,two canneries are in successful operation4 ,,utsalady1 ,,san ,,de ,,fuca1 ,,camano1 ,,clinton1 and ,,langley are smaller villages gradually becoming summer resorts for people from the large cities of the sound4 ,steamboats furnish good transportation from all parts of the county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ec4--;,an ,okanogan ,county ,orchard in ,bloom4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ed4--;,a ,view of the ,country ,along the ,okanogan ,river in the ,vicinity of the ,okanogan ,irrigation ,project4 ,page #fa ,,jefferson ,,county ,jefferson county is the second county south of the entrance of ,puget sound1 stretching from the ,pacific ocean eastward over the peaks of the ,olympic mountains to ,hood's canal1 and turning north gets a long waterfront also on ,puget sound1 and taps the ,straits of ,fuca4 ,it has a population of #aa1jjj people and #b1jjj square miles of territory4 ,,resources4 ,the resources of this county are largely undeveloped1 and yet it is one of the oldest settled counties in the state4 ,originally its entire area1 barring a few small patches1 was heavily timbered1 and it is estimated that the county still has twenty billion feet of standing timber4 ,its soil is remarkably fertile1 and the products of its farms have long been famous4 ,the ,olympic mountains contain veins of precious metals1 iron and manganese1 none of which have as yet been thoroughly developed4 ,fishing for salmon1 sardines1 shrimps1 clams and crabs is a very important industry4 ,,soils1 ,,climate ,,and ,,products4 ,the soils of the county are largely sedimentary1 having been washed down from the mountains for ages1 assisted by the decomposition of vegetable matter accumulated through centuries4 ,in the valleys1 where most of the farming is being done1 these soils produce remarkable crops under the influence of the charming climate the county affords4 ,the rainfall in the eastern part of the county is moderate1 but ample for all purposes2 the average rainfall is about #bj inches4 ,the temperature rarely exceeds #hj degrees in summer1 while the winter months average about #de degrees4 ,such soils and such climatic conditions combine to force wealth upon every industrious tiller of the soil4 ,clover yields from four to six tons per acre4 ,oats and vetches for ensilage purposes yield five to seven tons per acre4 ,fifty to seventy-five tons of cabbage or mangles per acre are not uncommon1 and onions and potatoes produce from six to ten tons4 ,the fruit trees1 particularly cherries1 apples1 and pears1 produce wonderful crops4 ,cattle can graze ten months in the year or more1 and the products of the dairies of ,jefferson county cannot be excelled4 ,because of the light rainfall and moderate weather1 this county is admirably suited to poultry-raising4 ,green food can be had twelve months in the year4 ,runs can always be open1 and with proper care hens can be made to pay #c4jj per year each4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,port ,,townsend1 at the entrance of ,puget sound1 is the county seat and chief commercial center of the county4 ,it has a population of ,page #fb about #f1jjj4 ,it is the headquarters for many government institutions1 including the ,u4 ,s4 customs service1 ,u4 ,s4 revenue cutter service1 marine hospital service1 hydrographic service1 quarantine service1 and ,u4 ,s4 artillery for the ,puget sound district4 ,three great forts2 ,worden1 ,flagler1 and ,casey1 are located here1 forming the chief defense to ,puget sound4 ,fort ,worden joins the city limits4 ,the present garrison force is #b1jjj4 ,the scenery from the city is grand and beyond compare4 ,its business interests are varied and extensive4 ,two canneries for salmon and sardines are here located1 boiler works1 a machine shop for building electric and gasoline engines1 a shipyard1 sash and door factory1 lumber mills1 and shingle mills1 a by-product plant producing wood alcohol1 turpentine1 etc4 ,the city is substantially built and its homes are artistically created4 ,the harbor has twenty-five miles of waterfront and fine anchorage of from nine to eighteen fathoms1 and is an ideal refuge for all seagoing craft4 ,the city has gas and electric lights1 paid fire department1 fine churches1 splendid schools1 and a magnificent gravity water system furnishes the town of ,irondale1 ,hadlock and ,forts ,worden and ,flagler1 having plenty of water to spare for thousands mote4 ,,irondale is practically a suburb of ,port ,townsend1 having the only pig iron plant in the state4 ,it is an extensive and growing concern1 using bog iron from the vicinity and other ores from different sources4 ,,port ,,ludlow1 ,,duckabush1 ,,bogachiel1 ,,port ,,discovery1 ,,quilcene1 and ,,chimacum are small villages scattered about the county and are centers of agricultural activity4 ,,king ,,county ,king county is distinguished by having ,seattle for its county seat4 ,the county is an empire in itself1 stretching from the shores of ,puget sound to the peaks of the ,cascade mountains1 and containing more than #b1jjj square miles of territory4 ,it also includes ,vashon1 one of the large islands of the sound4 ,,resources4 ,king county's sources of revenue are varied and extensive4 ,its lumber industry1 growing out of the vast forests within its borders not only1 but from the cutting of logs brought in from other sections of the state1 is immense4 ,its agricultural lands are not surpassed in fertility by any1 and include not only the alluvial deposits in its river bottoms1 but great areas of shot clay and other soils splendidly adapted to fruit culture4 ,its mining industries include not only very great acreage of coal measures1 which have been producing coal for commercial purposes for local and foreign trade for thirty years and are scarcely scratched as yet1 but also fissure veins of the precious metals--gold1 silver1 lead1 ,page #fc copper1 antimony1 arsenic1 and also iron1 asbestos1 fire clays1 kaolin1 granite1 sandstones1 lime ledges1 and others4 ,its fishing industries in its own waters and from the ocean give employment to a large number of men and its fish are shipped even as far east as ,boston1 ,massachusetts4 ,its power capacity1 in addition to its wood and coal1 includes great falls and rapids and many large streams which are already harnessed1 but only in part1 and driving vast quantities of machinery in this and adjoining counties4 ,in commercial possibilities ,king county is unrivaled4 ,its combination of lakes1 rivers and salt water harbors have no superior on the globe1 and the fact of its supremacy is demonstrated by the tabulated statistics of state officers1 which show that ,king county possesses one-fifth of the population of the state and has more than one-quarter in value of taxable property of the state1 and pays one-fourth of taxes collected within the state borders4 ,in scenery1 which is no mean asset of the county1 it is also unsurpassed4 ,vast ranges of mountains1 sheets of fresh and salt water1 rivers1 hills and plains1 forests1 and grassy fields combine and interlace in a thousand directions to entrance and delight the artistic eye4 ,in game1 including bear1 deer1 mountain goats1 cougar1 grouse1 pheasants1 quail1 mountain trout1 salmon and other fishes1 make many a paradise for the sportsman4 ,,transportation4 ,in addition to its salt waterways1 with #ge miles of shore lands1 and its navigable fresh water lakes1 there are centering in the county coming in from all directions seven transcontinental lines of railroads1 making ,king county and its metropolis a great distributing center for the commerce between the ,american continent and the continents of ,asia and the islands of the ,pacific4 ,besides these steam roads1 electric trolley lines are making a network of inter-communication between all parts of ,king county not only1 but reaching out into the adjoining counties4 ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,seattle is the county seat and great metropolis of ,king county and the state1 with a population crowding1 if not exceeding1 #bge1jjj people4 ,it covers the hills and lowlands surrounding ,elliot bay1 an indentation of ,puget sound1 and a part of the land between the sound and ,lake ,washington1 a freshwater lake of great beauty paralleling the sound for #bc miles and from one to three miles wide4 ,it also includes two smaller lakes1 whose sloping shores are covered with the homes of its citizens4 ,from its hills the snow-capped mountains of the ,cascade and ,olympic ranges and ,mount ,rainier's towering peak are visions of surpassing beauty4 ,a constant stream of coming and going water craft from all quarters of the globe frequent its harbor4 ,its business buildings of brick1 stone1 iron and concrete tower heavenward over four avenues1 and many cross streets and miles of its low lands are ,page #fd covered with railroad tracks1 warehouses and manufacturing plants4 ,its grammar schools1 high schools1 and ,state ,university are equipped with magnificent buildings and grounds4 ,its streets and homes are brilliantly lighted with electricity from its own power plants1 while the purest water1 sufficient for a million people1 flows through its water mains1 all owned and controlled by the city4 ,a multitude of factories are providing a small part of the merchandise and composes the groundwork of her commerce4 ,the shores of ,elliot bay are lined with wharves accommodating the largest sea-going ships4 ,its last assessed valuation of property was #bjc1afh1fhj1 and its tax to be raised #ige1baj4 ,more than #aej miles of street-car tracks are within her borders and a nickel pays for a #ae-mile ride4 ,,georgetown1 in the southern part of ,seattle1 but not a part of it as yet1 has a population of about #e1jjj1 and is an important manufacturing center4 ,here are the car shops of ,seattle ,electric ,company1 gas works1 foundries1 breweries1 machine shops1 brick and tile works and many other industries4 ,,renton1 ,,issaquah1 ,,ravensdale1 ,,black ,,diamond1 and ,,new ,,castle are coal mining towns4 ,,kent1 ,,auburn1 ,,kirkland1 ,,vashon1 ,,north ,,bend1 ,,tolt1 ,,fall ,,city1 and ,,maple ,,valley are agricultural towns of importance4 ,,kitsap ,,county ,kitsap county is nearly surrounded by the waters of ,puget sound and ,hood's canal1 forming the larger part of the great peninsula which these waters would make an island were a six-mile ridge in ,mason county opened up to them4 ,it has extensive and numerous bays and inlets1 with magnificent anchorage1 and contains in its center the great ,port ,orchard navy yard1 destined to become one of the largest seats in the ,united ,states for ,uncle ,sam's naval activities4 ,,resources ,,and ,,industries4 ,the chief resource of the county is in the lumber4 ,some of the largest mills of the state are located within its borders4 ,it is estimated that there are yet #bjj1jjj acres of uncut timber in its borders1 and its mills are turning out #fjj1jjj feet of lumber daily1 besides vast quantities of shingles4 ,the fishing industry now includes oyster culture1 which is rapidly becoming very important4 ,about the county are located many villages supported by the tillage of the soil from its reclaimed forest lands4 ,,transportation4 ,kitsap county has no railroads1 but its waterways are so vast and intricate that all its corners are reached by steamers1 and travel is cheap and freight conveniently handled in all parts of the county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ee4--;,an ,okanogan ,county ,valley1 ,palmer ,lake4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ef4--,mc,gowan ,seining ,grounds1 ,sand ,island1 ,pacific ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #eg4--,oyster ,culture in ,willapa ,harbor1 ,pacific ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #eh4--,view of the ,waterfront at ,raymond1 ,pacific ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ei4--;,a ,view of a ,portion of ,tacoma's ,harbor1 ,showing ,ships ,waiting to ,load ,lumber and ,wheat for ,foreign ,ports4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #fj4--,railroad ,yards and a ,corner of the ,business ,section1 ,tacoma4 ,page #fe ,,principal ,,towns4 ,,port ,,orchard1 the county seat1 is on the bay of the same name and opposite the navy yard4 ,it is the chief distributing point for a larger part of the cultivated lands of the county1 and exports not only agricultural products1 but also shingles4 ,the surrounding lands are well suited for dairying1 fruit-growing and poultry-raising1 which is also true of the entire county4 ,,bremerton1 adjoining the navy yard1 is the largest town in the county1 having about #d1jjj people and rapidly growing4 ,it has a fire department1 electric light and water systems1 newspapers1 banks1 about #a1jjj or more wage-earners and is a hustling town4 ,,charleston is another smaller town adjoining the navy yard on the west and rapidly growing4 ,,port ,,blakeley is an important milling and shipbuilding town of nearly #b1jjj people1 opposite ,seattle4 ,its lumber goes to all parts of the world4 ,,port ,,gamble is a sawmill town of importance contributing to swell the large output of lumber shipped out of the county4 ,,chico1 ,,tracyton1 ,,keyport1 ,,paulsbo1 ,,seabeck1 ,,crystal ,,springs1 ,,colby1 ,,bangor1 ,,burley1 ,,port ,,madison1 and ,,olalla are all small villages1 making progress as agricultural centers and as furnishing summer homes for business men4 ,,kittitas ,,county ,kittitas county is located about in the center of the state1 and takes in the upper reaches and most of the watershed of the ,yakima river4 ,it has a population of about #bj1jjj in an area of #b1djj square miles4 ,on its northwestern side it is bordered by two ranges of the ,cascade mountains1 while its southwestern side lies on the ,columbia river4 ,among the sources of the ,yakima river are three large lakes1 ,keechelus1 ,kachess and ,cle-,elum1 most beautiful bodies of mountain water and the sources of the great irrigation systems now fathered by the national government and making the ,yakima valley a veritable garden pot of orchards and vegetables1 grasses and flowers4 ,,resources4 ,the central portion of the county is a valley comprising #bej1jjj acres1 about one-fourth of which is under irrigation1 and has long been noted for its prolific crops of hay and many herds of dairy cows4 ,the foothills of the mountains have precious metals1 coal and iron4 ,the streams abound in trout and much game is in the mountains4 ,,transportation4 ,the ,northern ,pacific and ,chicago1 ,milwaukee ,st4 ,paul railroads1 coming into the county from the south and west1 cross at ,ellensburg ,page #ff and then follow the valley of the ,yakima to the crest of the ,cascades giving abundant facilities for making markets east and west to all parts of the country4 ,,principal ,,towns4 ,,ellensburg1 the county seat1 is situated on a level bench in the ,yakima valley and on the railroads4 ,it is a town of upwards of #e1ejj people1 and is substantially built1 chiefly of brick4 ,there are creameries1 flourmills1 sawmills1 and warehouses1 banks1 breweries newspapers1 electric lights1 and gravity water system1 churches1 schools1 among which is one of the state normal schools4 ,it is also a division point on the ,northern ,pacific railway1 and is the chief distributing point in the county for farm products and merchandise4 ,,roslyn is the chief coal-mining town1 situated on the railroad well up in the foothills of the mountains4 ,it has about #d1ejj people4 ,it has gravity water and electric lights1 and is a substantial1 thriving and growing town4 ,from the coal mines in the vicinity the best coals of the state are mined in large quantities and shipped all over the state4 ,,cle,,elum is another coal mining town1 on the ,northern ,pacific railway1 with a population of about #b1ejj4 ,tributary to ,cle-,elum is a wide mining territory1 for which it is the chief distributing point4 ,,thorpe is a smaller village likely to develop into an important trading point4 ,,klicktat ,,county ,klickitat county is central among the southern tier of counties of the state1 bordering #hj miles on the ,columbia river1 with an average width of #bj miles4 ,it has a population of about #ad1jjj and an area of #a1hjj square miles4 ,there is a great variety in its climate1 the elevation varying from #ajj to #c1ejj feet above the sea level4 ,the soil is chiefly volcanic ash1 disintegrated basalt and alluvium4 ,it is deep and much of it sub-irrigated4 ,the principal crops are wheat1 barley1 rye1 oats1 and corn4 ,the wheat lands yield from #ae to #dj bushels per acre4 ,among the fruits raised are apples1 peaches1 pears1 cherries1 ,english walnuts1 almonds1 plums1 prunes1 grapes1 apricots1 and all the small fruits4 ,wheat lands vary in price from #aj to #ej per acre4 ,it is estimated that #g1jjj acres will be planted to fruit and nut trees this current year1 while last year #ge1che apple trees1 #ad1fge peach trees1 and #ag1cde grape vines were planted4 ,,resources4 ,as already indicated1 the strength of the county is in its soil and agriculture is its great source of wealth4 ,stock-raising is a chief industry1 the slopes of the mountains on its northern boundary furnishing ,page #fg abundant pasturage4 ,the southeastern part is fast developing into a fruit-growing region1 while agriculture and grain-growing is more general in the central and southern portion4 ,,transportation4 ,the ,columbia river1 with a railroad on each side of it and numerous ferries1 makes ample provision for transportation1 while the ,goldendale branch reaches well up into the center of the county4 ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,goldendale1 the county seat and metropolis1 is located in the center of the county1 #abj miles east of ,portland4 ,it is the terminus of the ,goldendale branch of the ,spokane1 ,portland ,seattle railway1 making connection with the main line at ,lyle4 ,it is located in the heart of a splendid agricultural section and at the edge of the great timber belt4 ,,white ,,salmon1 located in the splendid fruit section1 is a thriving town4 ,it is an important railroad point on the ,north ,bank and is the outlet for the products of an extensive fruit1 timber and dairying region4 ,,cliffs1 the division point of the ,spokane1 ,portland ,seattle railway1 is the trading center of many square miles of territory4 ,the best nut land in the county is located near here4 ,,bickleton1 the trading point of an extensive wheat section1 is in the eastern part of the county4 ,an electric road has been surveyed1 which will1 when completed1 give this town railway connection4 ,,lyle1 ,,roosevelt1 ,,columbus1 ,,bingen1 and ,,centerville are growing trading points4 ,,lewis ,,county ,lewis county is one of the largest counties in western ,washington1 having an area of #b1eic square miles of territory and about #dj1jjj people4 ,it occupies a large part of the drainage basins of two large rivers1 the ,cowlitz and ,chehalis--one emptying its waters into the ,columbia river and the other into ,grays harbor4 ,it reaches from the peaks of the ,cascades #ajj miles toward the ocean1 but is cut off #cj miles from the coast1 and is about #cj miles wide4 ,mount ,rainier is just north of its extreme eastern portion and about one-fourth of the county is within the ,rainier forest reserve4 ,,resources4 ,at present the chief industry of the county consists of manufacturing its forests into the various forms of lumber and its products1 the lumber cut aggregating four hundred million feet and two hundred million shingles4 ,next in importance probably are the precious metal and coal deposits of the county1 which have1 however1 been but little developed4 ,the coal measures include bituminous1 lignite and anthracite1 and are of great extent in the foothills of the eastern part of the county4 ,two systems of railroads have been projected into these fields1 and the nearest1 carrying lignite and bituminous coals1 are being commercially developed4 ,page #fh ,agriculture1 including especially dairying and fruit culture1 takes the place of the forests as they are removed and bids fair to reach in importance1 in time1 the lumber and coal resources4 ,to this end1 the soil fertility1 the mild climate and cool mountain waters conspire4 ,,transportation4 ,lewis county is in the path of all railroads coming in from the south or through the ,columbia gap in the ,cascades4 ,already the ,northern ,pacific railway and the ,union ,pacific railway cross the county1 and the ,north ,coast contemplates traversing the entire ,cowlitz valley1 while the ,tacoma ,eastern is already into the northwestern part of the county on its way toward the same goal4 ,the county cannot be too well supplied1 for its vast treasures when developed will furnish immense products for transportation4 ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,chehalis and ,,centralia are the two twin cities of the county--less than five miles apart and of about equal importance4 ,from ,chehalis the ,northern ,pacific railway branches off1 following the upper reaches of ,chehalis river and ending on ,willapa bay1 while from ,centralia the same road branches1 following the lower ,chehalis river1 to ,grays harbor4 ,,chehalis is the county seat1 with a population of #e1jjj and rapidly growing1 and has electric lights1 sanitary sewerage system1 paved streets1 fine business blocks1 and a large and growing trade4 ,near the city is located the ,state ,training ,school4 ,,centralia has a population of about #g1jjj people1 chiefly engaged in running sawmills1 shingle mills1 sash and door factories1 and other woodworking plants4 ,it has a large city hall1 ten churches1 fine schools1 banks1 business houses1 water systems1 fire department1 and is a hustling1 thriving town4 ,,winlock is a town of #a1bjj people on the railroad in the southern part of the county1 and a distributing point of much importance4 ,,pe ,,ell is a town of #a1jjj people on the ,south ,bend branch of the ,northern ,pacific railway1 chiefly engaged in milling and agricultural pursuits4 ,,mccormick1 ,,littell1 ,,kosmos1 ,,little ,,falls1 ,,adna1 ,,dryad1 ,,doty1 and ,,kopiah1 are all centers of industry in various parts of the county4 ,lewis county as a whole offers wonderful opportunities for newcomers in all pursuits--commercial1 agricultural1 and mining4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #fa4--,tacoma ,high ,school and ,stadium4 ,rose ,arbor in ,point ,defiance ,park1 ,tacoma4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #fb4--;,a ,red ,raspberry ,field in the ,puyallup ,valley1 ,pierce ,county4 ,page #fi ,,lincoln ,,county ,lincoln county1 adjoining ,spokane county on the west1 is one of eastern ,washington's great granaries4 ,its northern boundary is defined by the ,columbia and ,spokane rivers4 ,the bulk of its lands are rolling prairies of great fertility4 ,it has about #b1cjj square miles of territory and about #be1jjj people4 ,,topography4 ,the bulk of the county consists of the rolling prairie land characteristic of the great wheat belt of the state4 ,there are some mineral lands in the northern part of the county and here and there will be found considerable stretches of timber4 ,in its northern portion the county is well watered by the ,columbia and ,spokane rivers1 while in the southwestern section and elsewhere numerous small creeks and lakes occur4 ,,resources4 ,the great resource of ,lincoln county is its wheat fields1 which in #aijg produced to exceed #h1jjj1jjj bushels4 ,other cereals and hay are important crops4 ,along its northern part1 particularly on the bottom lands of the rivers1 much fruit is grown1 including peaches and all the small fruits4 ,diversified farming is growing in favor among the farmers4 ,compared with other counties of the state1 ,lincoln county ranks as follows in the number of its stock3 ,horses1 second place2 hogs1 second place2 cattle1 sixth place4 ,the county also stands fourth in the number of its school houses and spends annually #ajj1jjj for school support4 ,in wealth per capita1 ,lincoln county leads the state1 showing for assessment purposes an average holding of real estate of #a1afc and #bbf in personalty4 ,,transportation4 ,the county is traversed from west to east its entire length by the ,great ,northern and the central ,washington branch of the ,northern ,pacific railroads1 some distance from its side lines1 so that very little of the county is more than #ab miles from a railroad shipping point4 ,there are #agj miles of railroad tracks in the county4 ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,davenport1 the county seat and largest town in the county1 is situated on the central ,washington branch of the ,northern ,pacific railway near the middle eastern portion of the county1 and has a population of about #b1hjj people4 ,its business blocks are chiefly built of brick4 ,it owns its own water system1 is lighted with electricity1 has fine school buildings and churches4 ,its court house cost about #hj1jjj4 ,it is surrounded by splendid farms and annually ships out about #a1bej1jjj bushels of wheat4 ,page #gj ,,wilbur1 a town of #a1ejj people1 on the ,northern ,pacific railway1 is a very important shipping and distributing center4 ,it has large flour mills1 warehouses1 five churches1 and schools1 electric lights1 and water system1 bank1 newspaper1 parks1 and important commercial institutions4 ,,almira1 in the western part of the county1 on the ,northern ,pacific railway1 is another prosperous and growing grain center with about #fjj people4 ,,harrington1 on the ,great ,northern railway1 is a town of some #a1bjj people4 ,it has a beautiful location1 commands the trade of a large farming county1 ships grain and livestock1 and is a prosperous and growing town4 ,,creston1 ,,egypt1 and ,,bluestem are smaller growing commercial centers4 ,,mason ,,county ,mason county lies on the upper reaches of ,puget sound1 having the ,olympic mountains at its north1 where about one-fourth of the county is in the ,olympic forest reserve4 ,its total area is about #ijj square miles1 and it has a population of about #f1jjj4 ,hood's canal penetrates well into the center of the county in its great bend1 giving it a very long salt-water shore line4 ,from the ,olympic mountains numerous streams flow into the ,puget sound1 while others empty their waters into ,gray's harbor4 ,the county is a great forest of splendid timber1 which has been only to a limited degree cut out4 ,the soil of the foothills and valleys ,is composed chiefly of shot clays and alluvial deposits1 making good farming1 stock-raising and fruit-growing lands4 ,,resources4 ,logging and its allied industries constitute the main industries of the county1 ,much of the logs are shipped out of the county to feed sawmills in other parts of the ,sound4 ,raising and marketing oysters is an important source of wealth to the county4 ,there is already considerable acreage for farming and stock-raising1 stock finding pasturage the year round4 ,this industry will grow as the land is cleared4 ,the county affords splendid hunting and fishing in season4 ,,transportation4 ,the county is so cut into by the inlets and bays of the sound that it has splendid transportation facilities by steamer to all the sound ports4 ,the ,northern ,pacific railway reaches its southern boundary4 ,no other railroads traverse the county but its logging railroads1 which can give only a limited service4 ,page #ga ,,principal ,,towns4 ,,shelton is the county seat1 situated on an arm of the sound at the terminus of the logging railroad1 and has about #a1bjj inhabitants4 ,steamers from its wharves reach all the parts of the sound directly or by connection with others4 ,the logging industry1 manufacturing lumber1 cultivating oysters1 fishing and farming are the chief industries of its people4 ,it has four churches1 good schools1 a newspaper1 good stocks of goods1 volunteer fire department1 electric lights1 gravity water system4 ,the logging industry1 which centers here1 employs #b1jjj men and pays out #abj1jjj a month4 ,,lake ,,cushman is a summer resort in the mountains famous for its big trout catches4 ,,allyn1 on an arm of the sound1 is central to much oyster lands1 logging camps and fruit orchards4 ,,arcadia1 also on the sound1 is central to considerable stock-raising and lumbering4 ,,detroit is a prosperous village1 proud of the grapes grown on some of its logged-off lands4 ,,matlock is a town on the logging railroad and central to large logging operations4 ,,okanogan ,,county4 ,okanogan1 the largest county in the state1 lies on the northern boundary just east of the ,cascade peaks4 ,it has an area of #d1ejj square miles and a population estimated at #ac1jjj4 ,about one-fourth of the county1 a district of great latent resources1 is still within the ,colville ,indian reservation1 but is soon to be thrown open to settlement4 ,,resources4 ,this county is endowed with great natural resources and a delightful climate1 and is destined to become thickly populated4 ,the mountains and their foothills have large and numerous veins of metals and are covered also with extensive forests4 ,the rolling hills of the south and center are rich in agricultural possibilities1 suitable for stock1 and great crops of cereals and fruits4 ,the ,okanogan river and its branches drain the greater portion of the county1 rising in ,british ,columbia and flowing south through the center of the county and joining the ,columbia river on the south boundary4 ,the ,methow river drains a large portion of the western part and makes a paradise for the frontiersman along its sloping sides4 ,,transportation4 ,until now the rivers and wagon roads are the only paths of commerce4 ,but into this blossoming empire the railroads are looking with longing eyes4 ,the ,great ,northern1 however1 has already tapped the ,page #gb northern boundary and projected a line down the ,okanogan and ,columbia rivers to ,wenatchee4 ,other railroads will follow1 as the prize is too great not to be divided4 ,,principal ,,towns4 ,,conconully1 the county seat1 is situated among the foothills and mines west of the ,okanogan river4 ,in addition to the mining industry1 the raising of sheep and cattle is followed by the citizens4 ,the town has a population of about #ejj people4 ,,oroville is the chief town on the railroad1 near the northern border1 and is the terminus of the road4 ,it has about #ejj people and is growing4 ,it is an important ore-shipping point1 surrounded also by good fruit-raising and agricultural lands1 yet unirrigated4 ,,brewster1 at the junction of the ,columbia and ,okanogan rivers1 has a population of about #bjj1 and is an important grain and fruit-shipping point4 ,,okanogan is on the river of the same name1 about midway between ,brewster and ,conconully1 and to this point the steamers ply in the higher waters of the river4 ,,twisp is a growing village in the ,methow valley1 devoted chiefly to fruit-growing and mining4 ,it is an important distributing center4 ,,pateros has steamer connection with ,wenatchee1 and is an importing1 growing center4 ,,beck1 ,,bonaparte1 ,,anglin and ,,bodie are other new and growing commercial centers4 ,,chesaw1 in the northern part1 and ,,nespelim1 in the southeastern part1 are important locations4 ,,pacific ,,county4 ,pacific county is the extreme southern county1 which borders on the ocean at the mouth of the ,columbia river4 ,although a small county with only #ijj square miles1 it has about #ajj miles of salt-water frontage4 ,willapa harbor1 at the northwest1 is capable of being made accessible to all ocean ships1 while ,shoalwater bay1 a body of water #bj miles long and separated from the ocean by a long slim peninsula1 furnishes probably the best breeding ground ,in the state for oyster culture4 ,the county at large is an immense forest1 in the center of which is a range of hills dividing the watershed so that some of the streams flow into the ,columbia river at the south1 some west into ,willapa harbor1 and others1 through the ,chehalis river1 reach ,grays harbor4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #fc4--,modern ,sanitary ,dairy ,barn1 on ,farm of ,hon4 ,w4 ,h4 ,paulhamus1 ,sumner1 ,pierce ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #fd4--,views in ,rainier ,national ,park1 ,reached by ,railroad and ,driveway from ,tacoma4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #fe4--,san ,juan ,county ,views4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ff4--,purse ,seiners' ,camp at ,eagle ,gorge1 ,san ,juan ,county4 ,,resources4 ,as already indicated1 its timber and its fisheries are the great sources of wealth for the county1 although stock-raising1 dairying1 fruit-growing and general farming are constantly growing in importance4 ,page #gc ,the county probably has eleven billion feet of standing timber1 and daily cuts with its #fd sawmills about #gge1jjj feet of lumber and one million shingles4 ,both native and cultivated oysters are largely marketed1 as are also clams1 crabs1 shrimp and fish4 ,a splendid market for all farm products is afforded by the mills and lumber camps and summer campers on the beach4 ,,transportation4 ,the ,northern ,pacific railway reaches ,willapa harbor1 cutting the county centrally east and west4 ,on the long ocean beach from the mouth of the ,columbia river northward is a railroad about #bj miles long1 made profitable by the extensive patronage of the summer campers4 ,added to these are the water crafts which frequent the harbor and the ,columbia river1 and altogether make access to all parts of the county easy4 ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,south ,,bend1 the county seat1 situated near the mouth of the ,willapa river1 is a rapidly growing town of #c1jjj people and destined to become an important ocean port4 ,the harbor is capacious1 well protected1 has fine anchorage1 and is handicapped only by a few feet of mud at the bottom1 which ,uncle ,sam will soon remove4 ,at low tide there is now from #bj to #cj feet of water in the channel of the river and at ,south ,bend it is #a1jjj feet wide4 ,south ,bend is the terminus of the ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,it has electric lights1 water works1 good schools1 fine churches1 bank1 sawmills1 planing-mills1 sash and door factories1 fish canneries1 newspapers1 etc41 and is about to build a #ej1jjj courthouse4 ,,raymond1 a new manufacturing town on the harbor and railroad1 a few miles from ,south ,bend1 has #b1ejj people and is rapidly growing in importance4 ,raymond is not yet five years old2 has a monthly payroll of #ajj1jjj2 sawmills and factories representing an invested capital of #d1ijj1jjj1 employing #a1bjj men2 an electric light plant2 a city telephone system1 owned by local capital2 a salt-water fire protection system2 is about to build two bridges1 costing #cj1jjj each1 and is adding new manufacturing plants at the rate of one a month4 ,the city gives free factory sites1 and has both rail and ocean transportation from factory locations to the markets of the world4 ,,ilwaco is a fishing post of importance near the southwest shore of the county1 with #ijj population4 ,,chinook1 ,,frankfort and ,,knabton are other fishing points on the ,columbia river of importance4 ,,nahcotta is an ocean summer resort4 ,page #gd ,,pierce ,,county4 ,pierce county1 though not the largest1 is one of the most important counties in the state4 ,its area of #a1hjj square miles occupies much of the upper reaches of ,puget sound on both sides and extends southeasterly1 taking in the ,rainier ,national ,park of #b1bbe1jjj acres1 and ,mount ,rainier 7,tacoma7 #ad1ebf feet above sea level and less than #fj miles from salt water1 covered with eternal snow1 an endless scene of majestic grandeur1 giving the county a greater variety of elevations and more beautiful and startling scenery than any other county in the ,united ,states4 ,its northeastern boundary is the ,white river1 its southwestern boundary the ,nisqually river4 ,it has about #abe miles of salt-water shore lands1 with innumerable bays and inlets and several important islands4 ,originally one vast forest1 much of it now is covered with fruitful fields of grain1 grass and orchards4 ,its climate is mild and salubrious1 its soils of great variety and fertility1 and its mountains and foothills full of coal and precious metals4 ,,resources4 ,the resources of ,pierce county are varied and of great value4 ,its central part is one great coal field1 covered with forests1 producing annually about #a1jjj1jjj tons of coal4 ,gold1 silver and copper are among its precious metals1 but not extensively mined as yet4 ,its rivers possess almost immeasurable water power4 ,one plant on the ,puyallup river at ,electron has an ultimate capacity of #dj1jjj horse-power1 #bj1jjj horse-power of which is now in use4 ,the city of ,tacoma is engaged in the construction of a plant on the ,nisqually for municipal use1 the capacity of which will be #bj1jjj horse-power4 ,the #ab1jjj horse-power plant at ,snoqualmie ,falls also furnishes current for city lighting1 street railway and manufacturing purposes in ,tacoma4 ,all the cereals are successfully raised2 dairying is one of the most important industries2 fruit-growing1 particularly in small fruits1 such as strawberries1 raspberries1 blackberries1 cherries1 etc41 is very profitable and is engaging a great deal of attention4 ,fish are caught in quantities and shipped to eastern markets1 but ,pierce county's greatest natural wealth is in its vast forests4 ,an idea of the value can be had when it is said that #f1jjj1jjj worth of lumber was cut in #aijh in ,tacoma alone4 ,in addition to these great natural resources1 ,pierce county's commercial industries are so great as to place it in the front rank of counties of the ,northwest4 ,the great sawmills1 woodworking plants and factories of various kinds in the city of ,tacoma alone employ #aa1hjj people1 and the value of their output last year amounted to over #dc1jjj1jjj4jj4 ,,transportation4 ,pierce county is fast becoming a network of transcontinental railroads centering in ,tacoma1 which1 coupled with the steamboat traffic on the ,sound1 gives the county splendid traffic facilities4 ,pierce county ,page #ge for years was a non-competitive railroad point1 the ,northern ,pacific being the only road to enter its vast fields of wealth4 ,within the last two years1 however1 the ,chicago1 ,milwaukee ,st4 ,paul1 the ,union ,pacific system1 and the ,great ,northern1 realizing the wealth of the county and the importance of ,tacoma as a manufacturing center1 the value of her perfect harbor for shipping1 the vastness of her great stretch of level tidelands for factory sites and terminal yards1 and the low cost at which freight can be transferred from the rails to the sails or vice versa1 have entered the field and are now spending #aa1jjj1jjj on construction and terminal work in the city of ,tacoma4 ,the addition of these new roads means a wonderful impetus to the trade of ,tacoma4 ,the ,tacoma ,eastern railroad1 a beautiful scenic route1 beginning at ,tacoma1 runs in a southeasterly direction through a wonderfully fertile country and vast forests of splendid timber1 to ,rainier ,national ,park and ,mount ,rainier 7,mt4 ,tacoma74 ,several trolley lines are in operation1 reaching all the near-by towns and connecting ,tacoma and ,seattle4 ,in addition to these lines1 many steamboats and crafts of all kinds1 plying the waters of ,puget ,sound and the ,pacific ocean1 find abundant wharfage and anchorage in the harbor of ,tacoma4 ,the products of the world in large quantities pass through ,tacoma in process of distribution4 ,a constant stream of small crafts1 running about the waters of the county1 accommodate the local traffic4 ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,tacoma1 with a population of about #abe1jjj1 is the county seat of ,pierce county1 and situated on ,commencement bay4 ,its harbor1 one of the finest in the world1 and its railroad terminals1 unexcelled on the ,pacific ,coast1 as already indicated1 are the center of a vast commerce by rail and water4 ,at its door is an immense amount of water power1 already developed1 driving her street cars and the machinery in many of her factories4 ,coal and coke are in abundance within a few miles of the city1 the coal being used extensively for steam and conveyed from the trains to the boats by immense electric bunkers4 ,the coke is largely utilized in the largest lead and copper reduction plant on the coast4 ,the great ,guggenheim smelter at ,tacoma reduces and turns out annually lead1 copper1 gold and silver worth about #aj1jjj1jjj4 ,along her wharves are immense elevators1 grain warehouses and flouring mills4 ,tacoma yearly ships out more grain than any other city on ,puget sound4 ,in and around the city are large saw and shingle mills1 which last year cut #ebg1fjd1jjj feet of lumber and #dcd1jjj1jjj ,shingles4 ,her factories and shops have #bd1jjj1jjj invested and employ #aa1hjj wage-earners1 and her large flour mills ship their products to all parts of the world4 ,her packing-house products amounted to #e1jjj1jjj in #aijh4 ,the largest car shops west of the ,mississippi are located here4 ,her downtown streets are lined by large business blocks2 she has #ahe miles of street and suburban railway1 and over #ge miles of paved streets4 ,page #gf ,there are four daily newspapers1 #h banks1 #a1abj acres in parks1 and many beautiful and expensive public buildings4 ,the city hall cost #bjj1jjj2 the court house1 #ejj1jjj2 her high school building1 the most beautiful on the coast1 cost a half million dollars1 and the ,united ,states government is completing a #ejj1jjj federal building4 ,,puyallup is one of ,pierce county's prosperous towns1 having about #g1jjj population1 in the wealthy ,puyallup valley4 ,this is the center or a great fruit-growing district1 in which the farmers have combined and market their crops through an association1 sending their berries in patent refrigerator cars into far-away markets4 ,it is also quite a large manufacturing center1 with a payroll of #de1jjj per month4 ,,buckley1 with a population of #a1ejj1 is the center of large sawmilling1 farming and mining industries4 ,,orting is a town with #hjj people1 chiefly engaged in gardening and farming4 ,the ,state ,soldiers' ,home is located near1 and adds considerable trade to the town4 ,,sumner has a population of #a1jjj1 is located in the ,puyallup valley1 and its people form a part of the farmers' association1 engaged in fruit-growing1 dairying and gardening4 ,,steilacoom is one of the most beautiful little summer resort towns on ,puget sound and is connected with ,tacoma by two electric lines4 ,,sylvan1 ,,gig ,,harbor1 ,,rosedale1 ,,elgin1 ,,long ,,branch1 ,,blanchard1 and ,,bee are very prosperous villages of ,pierce county1 and are located on the shores of ,puget sound4 ,,spanaway1 ,,eatonville1 ,,alderton1 ,,elbe1 ,,meridian1 ,,kapowsin1 and ,,mcmillan are villages in the interior1 on the railroads4 ,,wilkeson1 ,,south ,,prarie1 ,,carbonado1 ,,fairfax1 ,,pittsburg1 and ,,melmont are coal-mining towns of importance4 ,,san ,,juan ,,county4 ,san ,juan county is a group of islands lying between the waters of the ,straits of ,fuca and the ,gulf of ,georgia1 off the southeast shore of ,vancouver island4 ,it has about #bjj square miles of territory and about #d1ejj people4 ,there are three large islands and several smaller ones4 ,the islands are covered with soil and timber not different from the main land adjoining4 ,heavy timber in the forests1 fine clay loams in the bottom lands1 shot clay on the hillsides1 big ledges of lime rock and other minerals and great shoals of fish in the waters are the foundations for prosperity for the citizens of the county4 ,,resources4 ,the soils of the islands yield generously to good tillage1 and wheat1 oats1 barley1 potatoes and hay yield large crops4 ,dairying is profitable4 ,poultry-raising and fruit-growing1 are especially attractive4 ,sheep and ,page #gg cattle find splendid pasture4 ,great quantities of salmon and other fish are taken in the waters1 and game-deer and wild fowl--are abundant4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #fg4--,two ,views of the ,lime ,works at ,roche ,harbor1 ,san ,juan ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #fh4--;,a ,typical ,farm ,scene in ,skagit ,county4 ,,transportation4 ,there is no transportation save by water1 but the islands are in the way of traffic from so many different directions that all parts are well served by steamboats4 ,,islands ,,and ,,towns4 ,,san ,,juan ,,island is the largest of the group1 and its chief industries are farming1 raising stock1 salmon-fishing1 and manufacturing lime4 ,,friday ,,harbor1 on this island1 is the county seat and largest town1 with about #ejj people4 ,a telephone system is in operation throughout the island4 ,,roche ,,harbor is the home of great lime kilns4 ,,orcas ,,island is the leading fruit-growing district of the county4 ,,east ,,sound1 near the center of the island1 at the foot of ,mount ,constitution1 is a picturesque and charming fruit-growing section and summer resort4 ,,orcas is an important center of the fruit and sheep raising industries4 ,,lopez ,,island is a beautiful stretch of fertile agricultural land1 much of it under tillage1 and is the home of a prosperous community of farmers and stock-growers4 ,,lopez is the chief commercial center1 with a cannery and creamery4 ,,skagit ,,county4 ,skagit county is the next county to the northwest corner of the state1 stretching from ,rosario straits to the peaks of the ,cascades--about #ajj miles east and west and #bd miles north and south4 ,its area is #a1hjj square miles1 with a population of about #ce1jjj4 ,it is a county of great diversities in climate1 topography and resources4 ,the ,skagit river and its branches drain nearly the entire county from the mountains to the saltwater4 ,its deltas are great flat fields of wonderful fertility4 ,its valleys also1 where cleared of forests1 are very rich alluvial lands4 ,its upper lands carry a great burden of forests and are full of hidden treasures4 ,,resources4 ,the resources of the county are its forests and minerals1 its agricultural products1 and fishes4 ,its great cereal crop is of oats2 hops1 fruits1 hay and barley follow in the order named in importance1 while the products of the dairy are rapidly multiplying4 ,its minerals include the precious metals1 iron1 lead1 coal1 marble1 limestone1 granite1 sandstone1 etc4 ,page #gh ,,transportation4 ,aside from its water transportation1 the ,great ,northern and the ,northern ,pacific railways cross its westerly end and send a branch line through the valley of the ,skagit river well up towards the mountains and to the salt water at ,anacortes4 ,and other roads are building1 while there are #afh miles of modern graveled wagon roads4 ,the facilities for getting about are excellent4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,mt4 ,,vernon is the county seat1 with about #d1jjj people4 ,it is on the ,great ,northern railway1 on the navigable ,skagit river1 and is a city of much commercial importance to the agricultural district around it4 ,the soil in the vicinity is renowned for its great fertility and astonishing crops of oats1 hay and grass4 ,creameries and a milk-condensing plant are supported profitably to all concerned4 ,,anacortes is the chief town of the county1 on the salt water4 ,it has about #f1jjj people1 and is a center of lumbering and fishing4 ,factories for drying1 salting1 and canning salmon1 halibut1 and cod are increasing industries4 ,there is also a fertilizing plant and a plant producing charcoal and the by-products of combustion1 wood alcohol1 turpentine1 etc4 ,,sedro-,,woolley1 on both the ,northern ,pacific and ,great ,northern railways1 has a population of #d1jjj1 engaged in lumber industries1 fruit1 and vegetables1 canning1 dairying and gardening4 ,it has a monthly payroll of #abe1jjj4 ,,burlington1 on the ,great ,northern railway1 has #a1hjj people1 and factories for making various wood products1 concrete blocks1 lumber1 shingles and condensed milk4 ,,la ,,conner is a great oat and hay shipping point4 ,it is at the mouth of the ,skagit river and on tide water1 and has #hjj people4 ,,hamilton1 at the head of navigation on the ,skagit river1 is a mining and lumbering town of #cjj people4 ,,bay ,,view1 ,,sammish1 ,,minkler1 ,,prairie1 ,,fir1 and ,,birdsview are other shipping points4 ,,baker1 on a branch of the ,great ,northern railway1 has #djj people1 and is a center of cement factories4 ,page #gi ,,skamania ,,county4 ,skamania county1 in the south central part of the state1 has its southern boundary on the ,columbia river1 with ,lewis county to the north4 ,it is chiefly within the forest reserve1 and includes ,mount ,st4 ,helens on the west and ,mount ,adams on its eastern border4 ,altogether it has an area of #a1fcf square miles1 chiefly mountainous1 and about #c1jjj people4 ,the north fork of the ,lewis river drains the most of the mountainous region1 while a lot of small streams drain the southern part1 emptying into the ,columbia river4 ,the climate is a mean between that of eastern and western ,washington1 and is very mild and salubrious4 ,the soil of the valleys in the region of the ,columbia river is very fertile4 ,,resources4 ,the chief resource of the county is in its timber and lumber1 yet its mineral and agricultural wealth is becoming better known and appreciated yearly4 ,the fruit raised in its valleys is of excellent flavor1 early in season1 and the soil is generous in its yield4 ,splendid pasturage in the foothills encourages stock-raising1 and fishing in the ,columbia river is profitably followed by some of the citizens4 ,,transportation4 ,boats on the ,columbia river and a railroad on each side of it are the means of transportation1 and ample for the residents of the county in its southern portion4 ,the coming of the ,north ,bank railroad has given a decided stimulus to the growth of the county4 ,,development4 ,skamania county has developed slowly and the bulk of its natural wealth is still practically untouched4 ,its minerals1 well known to be valuable1 are attracting the attention of prospectors1 while the forests1 fisheries and farming lands will furnish a competence to hundreds of additional familles4 ,the scenery1 combined with the fishing and hunting afforded1 are additional attractions that will prove alluring to many newcomers4 ,,principal ,,towns4 ,,stevenson1 a small town on the ,columbia river and railroad1 is the county seat and has a population of about #dej4 ,tributary to ,stevenson is considerable improved land1 and the people are engaged in stock-raising1 fruit-growing and farming4 ,,butler is a town of about #cjj people on the railroad and river4 ,,carson1 ,,cape ,,horn1 ,,mt4 ,,pleasant and ,,bear ,,prairie are smaller villages1 destined to become centers of commercial distribution4 ,page #hj ,,snohomish ,,county4 ,snohomish county extends #cf miles in width from the ,sound to the peaks of the ,cascade mountains1 adjoining ,king county on the north4 ,it has an area of some #b1ejj square miles of territory1 a population of about #fc1jjj people1 and a great storehouse of wealth in its natural resources4 ,it is one of the largest and richest counties in the state1 with a mild and healthful climate1 magnificent scenery1 great diversity of landscape1 innumerable water falls and plenty of game4 ,,resources4 ,the forests of ,snohomish are very extensive and but little depleted4 ,fir1 cedar1 hemlock and spruce are its chief trees4 ,nearly one-half of the area of the county is heavily mineralized with veins of gold1 silver1 copper1 lead1 nickel1 iron1 and other ores4 ,there are also vast ledges of marble1 granite and other building stones4 ,in diversified agricultural possibilities1 few counties can excel ,snohomish4 ,its general soils in its valleys are alluvial1 and produce astonishing crops2 about the deltas of its rivers1 the riches of the salt water and the mountains have combined to make a soil that will endure for ages and annually astonish the husbandman with its generosity4 ,upon its uplands1 its clay and decaying herbage have combined for ages to create a soil wonderfully adapted to produce grass and fruits1 and the industrious are luxuriating in nature's prodigality4 ,rainfall is abundant1 but not excessive1 and crops of the cereals and fruits are never failures4 ,,transportation4 ,this county is splendidly provided with transportation facilities2 many steamboats ply its salt waters and part way up the three great rivers that flow into the ,sound4 ,two transcontinental railroads cut the western part of the county in two4 ,the trunk line of the ,great ,northern follows the valley of one river from the southeast to the coast1 while two branch lines run up the other two great valleys1 past the center of the state1 toward the mountains1 while a dozen spurs and short logging and coal roads act as feeders to the main lines1 thus giving all the towns of the county access to all the ,sound markets1 and those of the east and the ports of the ,pacific ocean4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,everett1 situated upon a fine harbor on the shores of ,puget ,sound near the mouth of the ,snohomish river1 is the county seat and metropolis of the county4 ,it has a population of #ce1jjj1 and is fast developing into a commercial and manufacturing center of importance4 ,the largest steamers afloat can find wharfage at her docks and safe anchorage in her waters4 ,it has upwards of #c1jjj men employed in its factories and mills1 with a monthly payroll aggregating #bcj1jjj4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #fi4--;,codfish and ,salmon ,packing ,plants at ,anacortes1 ,skagit ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #gj4--,plant for the ,manufacture of ,portland ,cement1 ,located in ,skagit ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ga4--,snohomish ,county ,views4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #gb4--,snohomish ,county ,industrial ,scenes4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #gc4--,street ,scene in ,stanwood1 ,snohomish ,county4 ,a ,pony ,farm at ,everett1 ,snohomish ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #gd4--;,city and ,town ,views1 ,snohomish ,county4 ,page #ha ,they are engaged in the manufacture of lumber1 shingles1 sash and doors2 in railroad shops1 pulp and paper mills1 and smelters2 in running tug boats1 driving piles1 making iron castings1 and tanning hides2 packing meats and fish2 making turpentine1 charcoal1 flour1 butter1 and many other commodities4 ,its banks have #d1jjj1jjj on deposit4 ,its paper mills produce #bf tons of paper daily4 ,its smelter is a constant producer of the precious metals and their by-products4 ,the city is substantially built1 having all the conveniences of a modern city1 with wide streets and wide sidewalks2 has both gas and electricity for lights1 and a good water system4 ,some of its streets are paved with preserved wooden blocks and some with asphalt4 ,everett is a sub-port of entry of the ,puget sound country4 ,the ,united ,states has spent half a million dollars improving the mouth of the ,snohomish river for a fresh-water harbor4 ,,snohomish is a city of #d1jjj people1 on the ,snohomish river1 which is navigable1 and is connected with ,everett by a street car line4 ,it is also on the ,northern ,pacific and ,great ,northern railways1 and is the distributing center for a large agricultural district4 ,it has a number of shingle and sawmills1 and is headquarters for a good deal of the mining industry of the county4 ,,stanwood is a town of about #hjj people1 on the ,sound and railway1 in the northwestern part of the county4 ,it is a center of farming interests and lumber industries4 ,,arlington is a mining and lumbering town on the ,northern ,pacific railway1 well up toward the mountains4 ,it has a population of #b1jjj and is growing4 ,,monroe is a town of #b1djj people1 on the line of the ,great ,northern railway1 in the center of a large farming and milling industry4 ,,edmonds1 a town of #b1jjj people1 is on the ,sound and ,great ,northern railway1 near the ,king county line2 chiefly engaged in sawing lumber and making shingles4 ,,sultan1 ,,granite ,,falls1 ,,gold ,,bar1 ,,darrington1 and ,,monte ,,cristo are all centers of mining and other industries4 ,,marysville1 ,,mukilteo1 ,,silvana1 ,,getchell1 and ,,pilchuck are centers of lumbering and farming4 ,,spokane ,,county ,spokane county lies in the extreme eastern section of the state4 ,the area of the county is #a1fhj square miles4 ,,transportation4 ,the transportation facilities are the best of the ,inland ,pacific ,northwest4 ,three transcontinental railroads--the ,northern ,pacific1 ,chicago1 ,milwaukee ,st4 ,paul1 and ,great ,northern--traverse the ,county from east to west2 a fourth transcontinental line1 the ,oregon ,railway ,navigation company1 enters from the southwest1 and a fifth transcontinental road1 the ,spokane ,international 7,c4 ,p4 ,r471 enters ,page #hb the county from the northeast and terminates at ,spokane4 ,the ,spokane ,falls ,northern extends north into ,british ,columbia and to ,republic and ,oroville1 ,wash4 ,electric trolley lines connect ,spokane with the outlying towns in every direction4 ,the total railway mileage in the county is approximately #dbi miles4 ,,topography ,,and ,,industries4 ,the northern portion of the county is somewhat mountainous1 and is covered with a fine growth of pine and tamarack timber2 much of this section is suitable for agriculture1 while all is adapted to grazing4 ,the central part of the county is rolling and is traversed by the ,spokane river2 the central section to the west of the city of ,spokane is fine agricultural land1 while to the east of ,spokane is the ,spokane valley1 which is rapidly being brought into a high state of cultivation by means of irrigation4 ,there are about #dj1jjj acres in this valley capable of irrigation2 #c1jjj acres are now irrigated and under cultivation4 ,the southern portion of the county is rolling1 and comprises some of the finest agricultural land in the state4 ,large areas of this section are utilized for wheat-raising1 while here are grown the finest sugar beets in the world4 ,lumbering is a considerable industry1 while stock-raising and dairying are also extensively engaged in4 ,over #a1jjj1jjj bushels of wheat are grown annually4 ,the flour mills of the county have a combined capacity of #c1fjj barrels daily4 ,in fruit-growing ,spokane is one of the leading counties of the state4 ,the value of the fruit produced in the county amounts to nearly #c1jjj1jjj annually4 ,the following table shows the distribution of the five important fruits4 ,trees planted #aijh-- ,total4 99,apples1 #bec1fcj #gac1efg ,pears1 #ae1dgj #ci1bcb ,peaches1 #ei1cbc #id1gfi ,cherries1 #ef1dje #ajf1iji ,plums and ,prunes1 #aa1hae #bi1abh ,miscellaneous #b1iaj #aj1jjj ------- --------- #cii1eec ,total planted #a1jjc1fae ,footnote 993 ,is #be percent4 of the total number of apple trees planted in the state in #aijh4 ,,schools4 ,there are #afe school districts in the county and eighteen towns where graded schools are maintained4 ,the total valuation of assessed property with improvements 7#aijh7 is #gg1abj1cfj2 personal property1 #aj1ebg1jcj4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ge4--7a7 ,spokane ,club ,building1 ,spokane4 7#b7,riverside ,avenue1 ,looking ,east from ,post ,street1 ,spokane4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #gf4--,spokane ,river and ,bridge at ,spokane1 ,showing ,fill for ,new ,concrete ,structure to ,cost #ejj1jjj4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,spokane1 situated on the ,spokane river1 is the county seat of ,spokane county1 and is the metropolis of eastern ,washington1 having a ,page #hc population estimated at #abj1jjj4 ,spokane is the center of a great wheat-raising section and is the principal mining and commercial center between the ,cascades and the ,rocky mountains4 ,a conservative estimate of the total value of manufactured products for #aijh is #ag1jjj1jjj4 ,there are over #ab1jjj wage-earners1 receiving over #aj1jjj1jjj annually4 ,the principal industrial establishments are lumber mills1 flour mills1 machine shops1 agricultural machinery1 brick plants1 iron works1 foundries1 pottery1 cereal food1 furniture1 etc4 ,the industrial prosperity of the city is due largely to the mines in the vicinity1 the great agricultural resources of the surrounding country1 and to the extensive water power which offers special inducements to manufacturers4 ,the ,spokane river here has a total fall of #acb feet1 which furnishes a minimum of #cc1jjj horse-power1 of which #ae1jjj horse-power is developed4 ,there are four national banks1 with a combined capital of #c1dbe1jjj4 ,the city owns its own water works1 from which an annual revenue of more than #cbe1jjj is derived4 ,the educational facilities are excellent4 ,there are twenty-three public school buildings1 constructed of brick and stone1 and costing #a1dej1jjj4 ,there are three daily newspapers1 having a combined circulation of #de1jjj4 ,here is located the ,u4 ,s4 circuit court2 the headquarters of the ,u4 ,s4 district court1 eastern division2 ,u4 ,s4 military post 7,fort ,wright72 the government headquarters of the postal inspector service1 known as the ,spokane division1 which includes the states of ,washington1 ,montana1 ,idaho1 ,oregon1 and the territory of ,alaska1 and a ,u4 ,s4 land office4 ,postoffice receipts for #aijh amounted to #cfj1ejd4 ,,cheney1 #aj miles southwest of ,spokane1 is a town of #a1ejj people4 ,here is located one of the state normal schools1 having about #djj students4 ,,medical ,,lake is an important town1 having the ,eastern ,washington ,hospital for the ,insane near-by1 ,it is a noted health resort4 ,,rockford is an important agricultural town of #a1bjj people4 ,,hillyard is an important place of #a1ejj people1 having the car shops of the ,great ,northern railway as its chief business4 ,,stevens ,,county ,stevens county1 in the extreme northeastern corner of the state1 has an area of #d1ejj square miles and a population of about #bd1jjj4 ,it is a county of great and diverse resources1 is splendidly watered with large rivers1 the ,columbia bounding it on the west1 and the ,spokane on part of its southern line4 ,three ranges of low mountains extend across the county nearly north and south4 ,between these the ,colville river and the ,pend d',oreille flow generally northerly through grand and beautiful valleys4 ,page #hd ,,resources ,,and ,,productions4 ,agriculture in all its branches1 lumbering and kindred pursuits1 and the mining of precious metals and building stones make up its chief sources of wealth4 ,,agriculture4 ,the farms in the ,colville valley are noted for their heavy hay crops1 producing abundantly all the cereals1 including corn1 the clovers1 timothy and alfalfa4 ,dairying and stock-raising are important industries4 ,to these the climate and soils are well adapted4 ,some lands have been irrigated with great benefit1 but the bulk of the farming is successful without irrigation4 ,fruit-raising is receiving deep interest of late1 and the county bids fair to compete for honors with the very best localities in the state for the hardier fruits4 ,lumbering and saw-milling engage the attention of a large number of the people1 the product of the mills finding a ready market in the farming region1 large cities and mining camps4 ,mining of the precious metals is a growing and an attractive industry4 ,the ores include gold1 silver1 lead1 copper1 tungsten and iron1 while quarries of limestone1 marble1 onyx1 fire-clay1 etc41 abound4 ,,transportation4 ,in addition to the navigable waters of the ,columbia and ,pend d',oreille rivers1 which traverse the outskirts of the county1 the ,great ,northern railway through the ,colville valley from the southern to the northern boundary1 reaches most of the agricultural and mining centers and renders good service4 ,the western part of the county1 comparatively undeveloped1 deserves much more attention4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,colville is both the county seat and principal town in the county1 having a population of #a1fjj people1 and is a growing town1 a distributing center on the railroad1 surrounded by prosperous farming communities4 ,,northport is the center of much mining activity and has a large smelter for the reduction of ores of the precious metals4 ,it has a population of #a1bjj4 ,,chewelah is a center of agriculture1 mining and lumbering industries in the center of the county1 having about #a1jjj people4 ,,newport1 in the southeastern part of the county1 is an important agricultural distributing center4 ,a dozen other smaller towns offer great opportunities to the homeseeker4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #gg4--,raising ,potatoes in ,young ,orchard1 ,spokane ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #gh4--;,basalt ,columns1 ,spokane ,river at ,spokane4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #gi4--,,stevens ,,county ,,views4 ,where the ,elephant ,drinks1 a ,remarkable ,crag on the ,bank of the ,pend d',oreille ,river4 ,a ,typical ,fruit ,ranch4 ,flume ,creek ,falls4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #hj4--,stevens ,county ,timber4 ,cedar ,forest4 ,white ,pine ,forest4 ,yellow ,pine ,forest4 ,page #he ,,thurston ,,county ,thurston county is known as having the state capital1 ,olympia1 within its borders1 and as including the extreme southern reaches of ,puget sound4 ,it is a county of wooded hills and valleys with a few open prairies well watered by mountain streams1 chief of which is the ,nisqually1 which forms its dividing line from ,pierce county1 and the ,des ,chutes river1 which makes a splendid waterfall of some #he feet1 a few miles south of ,olympia4 ,it has an area of about #gjj square miles1 #ajj miles of salt-water shore1 a population of about #bj1jjj1 and a delightful climate and magnificent scenery of lofty mountains2 great expanse of inland salt water1 and green-clad islands and fields in every direction4 ,,resources4 ,the county is one of the oldest settled portions of the state1 and has a great variety of natural resources1 among which are its timber areas1 its agricultural fields1 its coal mines1 its fisheries1 including clam and oyster beds1 gray sandstone quarries1 and a great variety of clays4 ,,industries4 ,the sawmills of the county are still a very important industry and shiploads of lumber are sent out from its wharves4 ,all the cereals and grasses yield abundant crops2 root crops are extensive2 fruit of great variety and fine flavor is very prominent4 ,dairying is flourishing1 the county having more dairies than any other in the state4 ,coal mining is in its infancy1 but has progressed far enough to demonstrate the existence of vast areas of lignite coal1 having some six veins and having a combined thickness of #fa feet of coal4 ,about #ej1jjj sacks of oysters are annually marketed4 ,,transportation4 ,the ,northern ,pacific railway connects ,olympia with all the important ,sound ports and the east1 and all the transcontinental roads coming to the ,sound from the south will pass through the county4 ,together with its salt-water deep harbors1 these give the county splendid competition and variety of commercial facilities4 ,,principal ,,cities4 ,,olympia1 the chief town of the county1 at once the county seat1 state capital and county metropolis1 is situated on one of the deep-water inlets of ,puget sound4 ,its population is about #ab1jjj4 ,while it has a beautiful sandstone structure1 now used for capitol purposes1 the state is about to erect a new capitol building1 to cost #a1jjj1jjj4 ,the foundation is already built4 ,olympia has one of the ,u4 ,s4 land offices and the ,u4 ,s4 surveyor-general's office4 ,it is lighted and furnished with power for street-car and other purposes from the power of ,tumwater falls4 ,the city is a beautiful one of fine homes1 shaded streets and parks1 surrounded by a very prosperous agricultural community1 ,page #hf producing great quantities of fruit1 dairy and poultry products4 ,several other smaller towns on the railroads are local centers of commercial activity4 ,,wahkiakum ,,county ,wahkiakum is a small county1 having only #bge square miles of territory1 located on the ,columbia river in the southwestern corner of the state1 near the ocean4 ,its population is about #d1jjj4 ,the county is heavily timbered and well watered4 ,in many parts of the county the soil is exceptionally fertile4 ,the climate is mild1 but somewhat humid4 ,in the northern part are some low mountains1 from which the drainage is south through the county to the ,columbia river4 ,,resources4 ,the resources of the county consist in its timber1 its fertile soil1 and the fish in the river and ocean4 ,,industries4 ,logging1 saw-milling1 and industries growing out of these2 agriculture1 dairying1 and fishing are the chief occupation of its people4 ,there are several logging concerns in the county and large saw-mills4 ,fish canneries dot its river shores2 several creameries and dairies are manufacturing butter1 while its farms produce hay1 potatoes1 fruits1 cattle1 hogs1 poultry1 eggs1 and other products1 chiefly for the ,portland market4 ,many of its citizens are fishermen and some make considerable sums trapping fur animals in the winters4 ,,transportation4 ,the ,columbia river is the great highway of the county2 no railroads are within its borders or near4 ,owing to the small area of the county1 this condition is no great drawback1 as all the people have ready access to the river wharves4 ,,principal ,,towns4 ,,cathlamet1 on the ,columbia1 is the county seat1 with about #ejj people1 and is the chief distributing center of the county4 ,,rosburg1 ,,deep ,,river1 ,,brookfield1 ,,altoona1 and ,,skamokawa are centers of industry4 ,this county offers exceptional opportunities for the frontiersman4 ,,walla ,,walla ,,county ,walla ,walla is the county of many waters4 ,it is the most western of the southeastern counties of the state1 and is bounded north and west by the ,snake and ,columbia rivers4 ,it has #a1bif square miles and a population of about #cj1jjj4 ,the elevation varies from #cej feet at the ,columbia river to #b1ejj feet along its eastern border4 ,it is a succession of plains and rolling hills1 covered with bunch-grass1 with some trees along the streams4 ,its soil varies from quite sandy volcanic ash in the low lands near the ,columbia to a ,page #hg heavier clay loam in the eastern parts4 ,in common with much of eastern ,washington1 these lands increase in fertility with successive cultivations4 ,the climate is mild1 healthful and vigorous4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ha4--;,farm ,scene ,near ,colville1 ,stevens ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #hb4--,view of ,calispell ,valley and ,pend d',oreille ,river1 ,stevens ,county4 ,,resources4 ,walla ,walla county is essentially agricultural4 ,its chief resource is its soil fertility4 ,this is such that few farmers can be found who have not bank accounts4 ,,products4 ,the annual production of wheat in ,walla ,walla county is about #e1jjj1jjj bushels4 ,barley is also a profitable crop4 ,oats and some corn are also raised4 ,large crops of alfalfa hay are annually marketed1 chiefly from irrigated lands4 ,fruit of all kinds is abundant4 ,there are #b1ejj acres devoted to orchards4 ,market gardening is an important and growing industry4 ,,transportation4 ,there are #caj miles of railroads in this county1 both the ,northern ,pacific and ,oregon ,railroad ,navigation ,company railroads competing for the traffic4 ,in addition to the railroads1 steamboats are plying the rivers around the edge of the county1 giving additional facilities for transportation4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,walla ,,walla1 the county seat1 has a population of about #bb1jjj and is the commercial center for the southeastern part of the state4 ,its streets are paved4 ,the city owns its own system of water1 at a cost of #fjj1jjj4 ,it is lighted with electricity and gas1 has large banks and business houses1 ,u4 ,s4 land office1 ,u4 ,s4 courts1 ,u4 ,s4 cavalry post1 an ,odd ,fellows' home1 and a ,home for ,widows and ,orphans4 ,there are manufacturing industries employing #djj men1 turning out #b1jjj1jjj of productions annually4 ,an electric system of street cars traverses the streets and is projected into several other near-by towns4 ,,waitsburg is an important agricultural town of about #a1fjj people1 in the western part of the county1 having both railroad systems1 and ships great quantities of grain4 ,it has large flouring mills1 warehouses1 fine schools and churches1 and is a prosperous1 thriving town4 ,a large number of shipping points on both systems of railroads are growing commercial centers4 ,,whatcom ,,county ,whatcom county lies on the boundary of ,british ,columbia1 stretching from the ,straits of ,georgia to the peaks of the ,cascade mountains--#bd miles wide and #ajj miles long1 ,the eastern half or more of the county is included in the national forest reserve1 with ,mount ,baker1 #aj1hbg feet high1 in the center of the county4 ,it is one of the important counties on tide water1 and has an area of #b1bbf square miles and a population of about #gj1jjj4 ,page #hh ,the climate is not different from the general ,puget sound climate being mild and healthful4 ,there are no severe storms1 no sultry heat and no severe cold4 ,,resources4 ,it is estimated that ,whatcom county has three billion feet of standing timber4 ,this is its greatest source of wealth4 ,the western half of the county1 outside of the lumbering1 etc41 is blessed with a wealth of soil responding to the farmer's labor generously4 ,the eastern half of the county is essentially a mountainous1 forest-covered mining region1 and has in store many veins of nearly all the metals4 ,game of great variety of animals and fowls and fish are abundant4 ,,industries4 ,the people of ,whatcom county are engaged in lumbering and running saw-mills1 one of the largest of the state being in this county2 manufacturing of various kinds from the raw products in the county1 including shingle mills and shingle machinery factory1 salmon canneries1 planing mills1 barrel factories1 ,portland cement factory1 and many others4 ,of no small importance is farming1 fruit-growing and dairying4 ,prospecting and mining engage the attention and labor of a large number of citizens4 ,,transportation4 ,aside from having a long salt-water coast1 open to traffic from the ocean1 with splendid harbors1 the county is traversed in all its agricultural half by a network of railroads1 by the ,northern ,pacific1 ,great ,northern1 ,b4 ,b4 and ,b4 ,c4 railroads4 ,these furnish exceptional means of traffic to all industries excepting the mining4 ,the county has also an admirable system of wagon roads1 some planked1 some graveled and some graded and drained1 covering about #gjj miles4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #hc4--,products of ,thurston ,county ,waters4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #hd4--,thurston ,county ,stick4 #ad1jjj ,feet4 ,sandstone ,quarry1 ,tenino1 ,thurston ,county4 ,logging with ,oxen4 ,early ,days in ,thurston ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #hd4--;,five ,combined ,harvesters at ,work on a ,walla ,walla ,county ,wheat ,farm4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #hf4--,ploughing the ,ground for ,wheat-,growing1 ,walla ,walla ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #hg4--;,bird's-,eye ,view of a ,portion of ,bellingham1 ,whatcom ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #hh4--,typical ,farm ,scenes in ,whatcom ,county4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,bellingham1 on a salt-water bay of the same name1 is the county seat1 and commercial metropolis not only for this county but much other territory4 ,it has a population of about #dj1jjj people4 ,into it all the railroads center1 while the harbor is one of the best in ,washington4 ,it is largely a manufacturing town1 having plants for the production of sash1 doors1 columns1 tin cans1 boilers1 engines1 flour and feed1 canned fish1 condensed milk1 and many others4 ,it is a substantial1 live business community of wide-awake people1 and growing rapidly4 ,it has a gravity water system1 electric lights1 and gas plant4 ,,blaine is a city of about #c1jjj inhabitants1 situated close to the ,canadian line and on the ,great ,northern railway4 ,timber and lumber manufactures are the chief sources of its prosperity4 ,fishing and the canning of salmon are also important industries4 ,the railroad ,page #hi company has recently expended considerable sums in improving its facilities4 ,blaine is a growing community4 ,,sumas1 on the ,canadian border1 is a lumbering town of #a1ajj people4 ,,lynden is an agricultural center of #a1bjj citizens4 ,,ferndale is a lumber center of #a1jjj people4 ,besides1 there are a dozen smaller business centers in the county1 growing and prosperous4 ,,whitman ,,county ,whitman county is one of the chief agricultural counties of the state1 lying immediately south of ,spokane county and on the ,idaho state line1 having the ,snake river for its southern boundary4 ,the county is a plateau of rolling prairie lands1 a large portion of which is farmed1 watered by a number of streams1 which are utilized for irrigation purposes in some of the bottom lands--although the rainfall is sufficient to mature crops1 and no irrigation is had on the great bulk of the farms4 ,the area is about #b1jjj square miles4 ,the population is about #dj1jjj4 ,the soil is a strong mixture of volcanic ash and clay of great fertility and permanence4 ,twenty years of wheat-growing still leaves the soil able to produce from #be to #ej bushels per acre4 ,,resources4 ,all the resources of the county originate in this splendid soil4 ,for growing all the cereals and fruits and vegetables it has no superior4 ,the county is well settled1 and probably no county can excel ,whitman county in the per capita wealth of its farmers4 ,the products of the county are varied1 and include wheat1 oats1 barley and hay1 all giving splendid yields--wheat from #cj to #ej bushels1 oats #fj to #ajj bushels1 barley from #ej to #hj bushels1 and hay from #d to #f tons per acre4 ,potatoes1 sugar beets and other vegetables produce fine crops4 ,the hardier fruits1 such as apples1 pears1 plums and cherries1 are successfully raised in all parts of the county1 while on the bottom lands1 along the ,snake river1 peaches1 melons1 etc41 are produced in abundance4 ,seventy-five carloads of fruit go out annually from one orchard4 ,wheat gives up five and one-half million bushels to the farmers each year4 ,oats one and three-fourths million and barley about one-half million bushels4 ,whitman county has more banks than any county in eastern ,washington besides ,spokane4 ,,transportation4 ,whitman county is as well1 or better1 provided with railroads than any agricultural county in the state4 ,the ,northern ,pacific1 ,o4 ,r4 ,n41 ,chicago1 ,milwaukee ,st4 ,paul and the ,s4 ,i4 railroads are all interlaced about its grain-fields4 ,these all connect with ,spokane1 and give access to all eastern and western markets4 ,page #ij ,,principal ,,towns4 ,,colfax1 the county seat1 situated near the center of the county1 on the railroads and ,palouse river1 is the largest town in the county1 with about #c1fjj population4 ,the town owns its own water system1 has electric lights1 fine court-house1 banks1 mills1 warehouses1 etc4 ,,pullman is a town of #c1jjj people1 near which is located the ,washington ,state ,college1 a large educational institution supported by the state1 having about #a1jjj students4 ,it is an important grain-shipping point4 ,it has a public water system1 electric lights1 and is a thriving and growing commercial center4 ,,palouse is a railroad center of #b1ejj people1 a large shipping point for grain1 live stock1 fruits and pottery4 ,,oakesdale is a town of #a1ejj people1 having three railroads1 and is an important shipping point4 ,,tekoa has a population of about #a1djj1 is a railroad center1 and is a large shipper of fruits and grain4 ,,garfield has a population of #a1jjj1 and ships much grain and other produce4 ,,rosalia has #a1jjj population1 and is an important grain center4 ,this county has a dozen other shipping points where from #cjj to #gjj people are supported by the business originating on the tributary farms4 ,,yakima ,,county ,yakima county is one of the large and important counties in the state1 having the ,yakima ,indian reservation included within its boundaries4 ,its area is #c1bbb square miles and it has a population of about #ch1jjj4 ,it is watered by the ,yakima river and its tributaries1 and through its valleys the railroads from the east find their easiest grade toward the ,cascade passes4 ,it is a county of level valleys and plateaus1 having a soil made up chiefly of volcanic ash and disintegrated basaltic rocks1 of great depth1 which yields fabulously in cereal and grass crops1 fruits and vegetables with the magic touch of irrigation4 ,artificial watering is #cj years old in this valley1 and yet only a very small area was thus treated until the matter was taken up by the national government4 ,but now vast areas are being provided with water1 and the consequent growth and development of the county is wonderful4 ,a series of lakes in the mountains are being utilized as reservoirs1 and from these lakes the waters are being distributed in many directions in the large irrigating canals4 ,when the projects now under way are completed1 more than #bjj1jjj acres will be under ditches4 ,,resources4 ,yakima's wealth consists in the combination of its soil and water and climate4 ,the county1 lying east of the ,cascade mountains1 in ,page #ia large part at a low elevation1 receives somewhat severe heat in the summer1 which gives the opportunity successfully to ripen the less hardy fruits--peaches1 apricots1 grapes1 etc4 ,the county has half a million bearing trees and two and one-half million young trees growing in its orchards4 ,,industries4 ,naturally the industries of the county consist in exploiting its natural resources1 and so we find ,yakima citizens busy in raising fruits1 hay1 grain1 and garden vegetables1 to supply the big cities of the ,sound4 ,its last year's contribution will probably exceed ten million dollars in value4 ,of the items which compose this large sum1 fruit is probably chief in importance4 ,alfalfa and grain-hay is an important item1 as is also the crop of melons and potatoes4 ,the combined fields of alfalfa and orchards make ideal bee pasturage1 and ,yakima honey is a constant factor of barter in the ,sound cities4 ,the upland farms produce quantities of all grains--wheat1 oats1 and barley--and some field corn is successfully raised in the warmer parts4 ,sheep1 cattle and horses are also exported4 ,hops are a large crop4 ,,principal ,,cities ,,and ,,towns4 ,,north ,,yakima is at once the county seat and chief metropolis of the entire ,yakima valley1 having a population of about #ab1jjj4 ,it is situated on the ,northern ,pacific railway and ,yakima river1 and is the distributing center for both merchandise and farm products for a large surrounding territory4 ,the ,state ,fair1 supported by the state1 holds annual exhibits here4 ,it has extensive fruit canneries1 flour mills1 lumber mills1 other woodworking factories1 large warehouses1 paved streets1 big business blocks1 fine churches1 schools1 banks1 newspapers1 etc4 ,,sunnyside1 a town built up among the irrigated farms1 has a population of #a1ejj4 ,here are a cannery1 pulp mill1 creameries1 etc4 ,,toppenish and ,,mabton are commercial centers of importance of about #gjj inhabitants each1 and growing4 ,page #ib ,,statistical ,,appendix4 ,,statistics ,,of ,,the ,,incorporated ,,cities ,,and ,,towns ,,of ,,washington4 ,,name4 ,county4 ,mayor4 ,clerk4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,aberdeen ,chehalis ,e4 ,b4 ,benn ,p4 ,f4 ,clarke ,almira ,lincoln ,j4 ,c4 ,johnson ,peter ,wallerich ,anacortes ,skagit ,w4 ,v4 ,wells ,m4 ,c4 ,baker ,arlington ,snohomish ,peter ,larson ,homer ,l4 ,huddle ,,asotin ,asotin ,j4 ,b4 ,jones ,j4 ,p4 ,fulton ,auburn ,king ,l4 ,c4 ,smith ,geo4 ,c4 ,meade ,,bellingham ,whatcom ,j4 ,p4 ,de ,mattos ,f4 ,b4 ,graves ,blaine ,whatcom ,t4 ,j4 ,quirt ,j4 ,w4 ,g4 ,merritt ,bremerton ,kitsap ,l4 ,e4 ,mallette ,paul ,mehner ,buckley ,pierce ,d4 ,s4 ,morris ,w4 ,b4 ,osbourn ,burlington ,skagit ,p4 ,m4 ,moody ,i4 ,a4 ,marchant ,camas ,clarke ,john ,cowan ,f4 ,b4 ,barnes ,cashmere ,chelan ,c4 ,a4 ,huston ,a4 ,j4 ,amos ,castle ,rock ,cowlitz ,t4 ,w4 ,robin ,g4 ,f4 ,mc,clane ,,cathlamet ,wahkiakum ,j4 ,t4 ,nassa ,t4 ,m4 ,nassa ,centralia ,lewis ,j4 ,p4 ,guerrier ,w4 ,h4 ,hodge ,charleston ,kitsap ,n4 ,a4 ,palmer ,m4 ,m4 ,bausman ,,chehalis ,lewis ,wm4 ,west ,w4 ,a4 ,westover ,chelan ,chelan ,c4 ,c4 ,jackson ,w4 ,m4 ,emerson ,cheney ,spokane ,l4 ,walter ,j4 ,w4 ,minnick ,chewelah ,stevens ,w4 ,h4 ,brownlow ,t4 ,l4 ,montgomery ,clarkston ,asotin ,d4 ,b4 ,parks ,e4 ,a4 ,bass ,cle ,elum ,kittitas ,l4 ,r4 ,thomas ,s4 ,e4 ,willis ,,colfax ,whitman ,wm4 ,lippitt ,h4 ,bramwell ,colton ,whitman ,w4 ,h ,renfro ,l4 ,f4 ,gibbs ,,colville ,stevens ,l4 ,b ,harvey ,a4 ,b4 ,sansburn ,,conconnully ,okanogan ,c4 ,h4 ,lovejoy ,wm4 ,baines ,cosmopolis ,chehalis ,l4 ,b4 ,hogan ,w4 ,s4 ,mc,laughlin ,coulee ,city ,grant ,f4 ,w4 ,mc,cann ,a4 ,kirkpatrick ,creston ,lincoln ,f4 ,a4 ,duncan ,d4 ,f4 ,peffley ,cunningham ,adams ,f4 ,w4 ,parker ,a4 ,j4 ,haile ,,davenport ,lincoln ,w4 ,c4 ,graham ,lee ,odgers ,,dayton ,columbia ,h4 ,c4 ,benbow ,r4 ,o4 ,dyer ,deer ,park ,spokane ,w4 ,d4 ,phillips ,r4 ,g4 ,cole ,edmonds ,snohomish ,jas ,brady ,g4 ,m4 ,leyda ,elberton ,whitman ,r4 ,a4 ,cox ,j4 ,w4 ,berkstresser ,,ellensburg ,kittitas ,w4 ,j4 ,peed ,j4 ,j4 ,poyser ,elma ,chehalis ,c4 ,e4 ,gouty ,e4 ,s4 ,avey ,endicott ,whitman ,c4 ,l4 ,wakefield ,m4 ,a4 ,sherman1 ,jr4 ,,ephrata ,grant ,dr4 ,chaffee ,lee ,tolliver ,,everett ,snohomish ,newton ,jones ,c4 ,c4 ,gilman ,fairfield ,spokane ,c4 ,a4 ,loy ,m4 ,walser ,farmington ,whitman ,e4 ,e4 ,paddock ,c4 ,h4 ,bass ,ferndale ,whatcom ,j4 ,b4 ,wilson ,c4 ,kelley ,garfield ,whitman ,h4 ,s4 ,mc,clure ,j4 ,l4 ,rogers ,georgetown ,king ,john ,mueller ,john ,beek ,,goldendale ,klickitat ,allen ,bonebrake ,j4 ,r4 ,putman ,granite ,falls ,snohomish ,c4 ,e4 ,willoughby ,c4 ,t4 ,smith ,hamilton ,skagit ,h4 ,i4 ,bratlie ,s4 ,h4 ,sprinkle ,harrington ,lincoln ,a4 ,g4 ,mitchum ,w4 ,w4 ,gwinn ,hartline ,grant ,e4 ,a4 ,whitney ,t4 ,e4 ,jenkins ,hatton ,adams ,j4 ,m4 ,batten ,w4 ,c4 ,sallee ,hillyard ,spokane ,m4 ,h4 ,gordon ,j4 ,l4 ,cramer ,hoquiam ,chehalis ,dr4 ,t4 ,c4 ,frary ,z4 ,t4 ,wllson ,ilwaco ,pacific ,w4 ,p4 ,rowe ,j4 ,a4 ,howerton ,index ,snohomish ,h4 ,l4 ,bartlett ,h4 ,f4 ,wilcox ,kahlotus ,franklin ,e4 ,r4 ,doughty ,e4 ,l4 ,chittenden ,,kalama ,cowlitz ,a4 ,l4 ,watson ,e4 ,n4 ,howe ,kelso ,cowlitz ,m4 ,j4 ,lord ,max ,whittlesey ,kennewick ,benton ,l4 ,e4 ,johnson ,g4 ,n4 ,calhoun ,kent ,king ,m4 ,m4 ,morrill ,l4 ,e4 ,price ,kettle ,falls ,stevens ,h4 ,l4 ,childs ,a4 ,r4 ,squire ,kirkland ,king ,r4 ,h4 ,collins ,j4 ,s4 ,courtright ,la,conner ,skagit ,j4 ,f4 ,dwelley ,j4 ,s4 ,church ,lakeside ,chelan ,jos4 ,darnell ,s4 ,b4 ,russell ,latah ,spokane ,w4 ,h4 ,taylor ,chas4 ,white ,leavenworth ,chelan ,lewis ,j4 ,nelson ,g4 ,a4 ,hamilton ,lind ,adams ,j4 ,t4 ,dirstine ,day ,imus ,little ,falls ,lewis ,e4 ,c4 ,brown ,g4 ,e4 ,grow ,lynden ,whatcom ,walter ,elder ,f4 ,w4 ,bixby ,mabton ,yakima ,t4 ,w4 ,howell ,w4 ,h4 ,ashton ,marysville ,snohomish ,w4 ,h4 ,roberts ,b4 ,d4 ,curtiss ,medical ,lake ,spokane ,m4 ,j4 ,grady ,r4 ,r4 ,mc,corkell ,milton ,pierce ,c4 ,h4 ,weekes ,w4 ,j4 ,keller ,monroe ,snohomish ,j4 ,h4 ,campbell ,arthur ,root ,,montesano ,chehalis ,geo4 ,w4 ,winemire ,r4 ,h4 ,fleet ,,mt4 ,,vernon ,skagit ,wm4 ,dale ,j4 ,s4 ,bowen ,newport ,stevens ,e4 ,s4 ,appel ,ed ,beitton ,,north ,,yakima ,yakima ,p4 ,m4 ,armbruster ,j4 ,g4 ,brooker ,sec'y ,commercial ,pop4 ,u4 ,s4 ,est4 ,pop4 ,,name4 ,organization4 ,cens4 #aijj #aiji ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,aberdeen ,e4 ,beinfohr #c1gdg #ae1jjj ,almira #ejj ,anacortes ,gus ,hensler #a1dgf #f1jjj ,arlington ,lot ,davis #b1djj ,,asotin ,e4 ,h4 ,dammarell #dgj #a1ejj ,auburn ,geo4 ,c4 ,meade #dhi #a1ejj ,,bellingham ,l4 ,baldrey #aa1jfb #da1jjj ,blaine ,j4 ,j4 ,pinckney #a1eib #c1ejj ,bremerton ,r4 ,s4 ,hayward #d1jjj ,buckley ,w4 ,b4 ,osbourn #a1jad #a1ejj ,burlington ,i4 ,a4 ,marchant #a1hjj ,camas #a1bjj ,cashmere ,c4 ,m4 ,banker #a1jjj ,castle ,rock ,g4 ,f4 ,mc,clane4 #gej #a1cjj ,,cathlamet #ejj ,centralia ,f4 ,w4 ,thomas #a1fjj #g1jjj ,charleston ,a4 ,f4 ,shepherd #a1jjj ,,chehalis ,h4 ,c4 ,coffman #a1gge #e1jjj ,chelan ,c4 ,e4 ,rusk #ijj ,cheney ,l4 ,r4 ,houck #gha #a1fjj ,chewelah ,e4 ,d4 ,germain #a1ejj ,clarkston ,r4 ,b4 ,hooper #b1ejj ,cle ,elum #b1ejj ,,colfax ,c4 ,r4 ,lorne #b1aba #c1ejj ,colton ,j4 ,b4 ,ellsworth #bea #ejj ,,colville ,l4 ,e4 ,jesseph #eid #b1jjj ,,conconnully ,w4 ,s4 ,mc,clure #ejj ,cosmopolis #a1jjd #a1bjj ,coulee ,city ,g4 ,t4 ,walter #cjj ,creston #ejj ,cunningham ,a4 ,j4 ,haile #cej ,,davenport ,f4 ,w4 ,anderson #a1jjj #b1hjj ,,dayton ,f4 ,w4 ,guernsy #b1baf #c1ejj ,deer ,park ,w4 ,d4 ,phillips #a1ajj ,edmonds ,e4 ,m4 ,allen #dgd #b1jjj ,elberton ,a4 ,b4 ,metz #big #fjj ,,ellensburg ,wayne ,murray #a1gcg #e1ejj ,elma ,e4 ,s4 ,avey #hid #b1gjj ,endicott #fjj ,,ephrata ,,everett ,e4 ,e4 ,johnston #g1hch #ce1jjj ,fairfield ,o4 ,h4 ,loe #ejj ,farmington ,c4 ,h4 ,bass #dcd #ghj ,ferndale ,percy ,hood ,garfield ,f4 ,h4 ,michaelson #fig #a1cej ,georgetown ,c4 ,a4 ,thorndyke #e1ejj ,,goldendale ,c4 ,w4 ,ramsay #ghh #a1bjj ,granite ,falls ,w4 ,r4 ,moore #hjj ,hamilton ,thos4 ,conby #cib #ejj ,harrington #a1bjj ,hartline #cjj ,hatton #fjj ,hillyard ,j4 ,l4 ,cramer #b1ejj ,hoquiam ,w4 ,c4 ,gregg #b1fjh #aa1jjj ,ilwaco ,a4 ,a4 ,seaborg #ehd #ijj ,index #ejj ,kahlotus #cjj ,,kalama ,e4 ,n4 ,howe #eed #a1bej ,kelso ,w4 ,m4 ,signor #fid #b1ejj ,kennewick ,s4 ,z4 ,hendersen #a1ejj ,kent ,b4 ,a4 ,bowen #gee #c1jjj ,kettle ,falls ,e4 ,a4 ,blakeley #fjj ,kirkland ,w4 ,r4 ,stevens #gej ,la,conner ,w4 ,e4 ,schreeker #efd #hjj ,lakeside #djj ,latah ,chas4 ,white #bec #ejj ,leavenworth #a1ejj ,lind ,r4 ,s4 ,hamilton #a1djj ,little ,falls ,w4 ,a4 ,willis #hjj ,lynden ,r4 ,w4 ,green #cfe #a1ejj ,mabton ,g4 ,t4 ,morgan #a1bjj ,marysville ,p4 ,e4 ,coffin #gbh #a1ejj ,medical ,lake ,w4 ,h4 ,mills #eaf #a1djj ,milton ,j4 ,s4 ,williams #fej ,monroe ,l4 ,p4 ,tallman #b1ejj ,,montesano #a1aid #c1ejj ,,mt4 ,,vernon ,frank ,pickering #a1abj #d1jjj ,newport ,r4 ,s4 ,anderson #a1ejj ,,north ,,yakima ,h4 ,p4 ,james #c1abd #ab1jjj ,,name4 ,transportation ,lines4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,aberdeen ,n4 ,p4 ,ry4 and steamship lines4 ,almira ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,anacortes ,g4 ,n4 ,ry4 and two lines of steamers4 ,arlington ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,,asotin ,river steamers4 ,auburn ,n4 ,p4 and ,mil4 ,rys42 ,p4 ,s4 ,elec4 ,ry4 ,,bellingham ,g4 ,n41 ,n4 ,p41 ,b4 ,b4 ,b4 ,c4 railways2 steamers to all ,sound ports4 ,blaine ,great ,northern railway4 ,bremerton ,steamers to ,seattle and ,tacoma4 ,buckley ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,burlington ,great ,northern railway4 ,camas ,portland ,seattle ,ry42 river st'rs4 ,cashmere ,great ,northern railway4 ,castle ,rock ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,,cathlamet ,steamboats4 ,centralia ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,charleston ,steamers to ,seattle4 ,,chehalis ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,chelan ,steamers on river and lake4 ,cheney ,n4 ,p4 ,ry42 ,spokane ,electric ,ry4 ,chewelah ,s4 ,f4 ,n4 branch ,g4 ,n4 ,ry4 ,clarkston ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 and ,n4 ,p4 ,rys42 steamers4 ,cle ,elum ,northern ,pacific and ,milwaukee ,ris4 ,,colfax ,o4 ,r4 ,n42 ,s4 ,i4 ,electricity4 ,colton ,branch ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,,colville ,spokane ,falls ,northern railway4 ,,conconnully ,stage4 ,cosmopolis ,n4 ,p4 ,ry4 and steamship lines4 ,coulee ,city ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,creston ,w4 ,c4 branch ,n4 ,p4 ,ry4 ,cunningham ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,,davenport ,central ,washington railway4 ,,dayton ,n4 ,p4 and ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 railways4 ,deer ,park ,great ,northern railway4 ,edmonds ,great ,northern ,ry4 and steamers ,elberton ,oregon ,railroad ,nav4 ,co4's ,ry4 ,,ellensburg ,northern ,pac4 and ,milwaukee ,rys4 ,elma ,n4 ,p4 ,ry41 two branches4 ,endicott ,oregon ,railroad ,nav4 ,co4's ,ry4 ,,ephrata ,great ,northern railway4 ,,everett ,n4 ,p4 and ,g4 ,n4 ,rys4 and steamers4 ,fairfield ,oregon ,railroad ,nav4 ,co4's ,ry4 ,farmington ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 and ,n4 ,p4 railways4 ,ferndale ,great ,northern railway4 ,garfield ,o4 ,r4 ,n41 ,n4 ,p4 and ,s4 ,i4 ,rys4 ,georgetown ,one ,interurban1 #c steam railways4 ,,goldendale ,spokane1 ,portland ,seattle ,ry4 ,granite ,falls ,branch of ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,hamilton ,g4 ,n4 ,ry42 ,skagit river steamers4 ,harrington ,great ,northern railway4 ,hartline ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,hatton ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,hillyard ,elec4 interurb42 ,g4 ,n4 and ,s4 ,f4 ,n4 ,hoquiam ,northern ,pacific ,ry4 and steamers4 ,ilwaco ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 railway and steamers4 ,index ,great ,northern railway4 ,kahlotus ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 and ,s4 ,p4 ,s4 railways4 ,,kalama ,northern ,pacific ,ry4 and steamers4 ,kelso ,northern ,pacific ,ry4 and steamers4 ,kennewick ,n4 ,p4 ,ry42 ,p4 ,s4 ,ry4 and steamers4 ,kent ,n4 ,p4 and ,mil4 ,rys42 ,p4 ,s4 ,elec4 ,ry4 ,kettle ,falls ,n4 ,p4 and ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 railways4 ,kirkland ,n4 ,p4 ,ry4 and ferry to ,seattle4 ,la,conner ,boat and stage4 ,lakeside ,stage and steamer4 ,latah ,oregon ,railroad ,nav4 ,co's ,ry4 ,leavenworth ,great ,northern railway4 ,lind ,oregon ,railroad ,nav4 ,co's ,ry4 ,little ,falls ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,lynden ,b4 ,b4 ,b4 ,c4 railway4 ,mabton ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,marysville ,great ,northern ,ry4 and steamers4 ,medical ,lake ,n4 ,p4 and ,w4 ,w4 ,p4 ,electric ,rys4 ,milton ,puget ,sound ,electric railway4 ,monroe ,great ,northern railway4 ,,montesano ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,,mt4 ,,vernon ,great ,northern railway4 ,newport ,great ,northern ,ry4 and steamers4 ,,north ,,yakima ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,,note #a4--;,county seats in black face type4 ,,note #b4--,population estimates for #aiji were supplied by local authorities1 the school census1 upon which the estimates of this ,bureau are usually based1 not being available at the time this publication was compiled4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #hi4--;,dairying1 a ,growing ,industry in ,whatcom ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ij4--,whatcom ,county ,bulb ,gardens4 ,page #id ,,name4 ,county4 ,mayor4 ,clerk4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,oakesdale ,whitman ,r4 ,j4 ,neergaard ,f4 ,s4 ,baer ,oakville ,chehalis ,j4 ,e4 ,fitzgerald ,j4 ,w4 ,scott ,ocosta ,chehalis ,c4 ,c4 ,flowers ,andrew ,wallace ,odessa ,lincoln ,f4 ,j4 ,guth ,w4 ,m4 ,nevins ,okanogan ,okanogan ,h4 ,j4 ,kerr ,t4 ,b4 ,collins ,,olympia ,thurston ,mitchell ,harris ,j4 ,r4 ,dever ,oroville ,okanogan ,e4 ,a4 ,mc,mahon ,c4 ,s4 ,taylor ,orting ,pierce ,frank ,lotz ,c4 ,w4 ,van ,scoyoc ,palouse ,city ,whitman ,c4 ,h4 ,farnsworth ,g4 ,d4 ,kincaid ,,pasco ,franklin ,c4 ,s4 ,o',brien ,l4 ,d4 ,conrad ,pataha ,garfield ,d4 ,evens ,chas4 ,ward ,paulsbo ,kitsap ,a4 ,b4 ,moe ,paul ,paulson ,pe ,ell ,lewis ,august ,mayer ,c4 ,w4 ,boynton ,,pomeroy ,garfield ,h4 ,c4 ,krouse ,h4 ,st4 ,george ,,port ,,angeles ,clallam ,e4 ,e4 ,seevers ,c4 ,w4 ,fields ,,pt4 ,,orchard ,kitsap ,r4 ,e4 ,bucklin ,wm4 ,c4 ,bading ,,pt4 ,,townsend ,jefferson ,max ,gerson ,geo4 ,anderson ,prescott ,walla ,walla ,jos4 ,utter ,r4 ,b4 ,smith ,,prosser ,benton ,albert ,smith ,lon ,boyle ,pullman ,whitman ,h4 ,v4 ,carpenter ,geo4 ,n4 ,henry ,puyallup ,pierce ,j4 ,p4 ,melrose ,j4 ,l4 ,la ,plante ,quincy ,grant ,f4 ,t4 ,campbell ,r4 ,c4 ,wightmar ,raymond ,pacific ,a4 ,c4 ,little ,j4 ,h4 ,callahan ,reardan ,lincoln ,w4 ,s4 ,bliss ,w4 ,h4 ,padley ,renton ,king ,benj4 ,ticknor ,a4 ,w4 ,ticknor ,,republic ,ferry ,jno4 ,stack ,m4 ,h4 ,joseph ,,ritzville ,adams ,w4 ,r4 ,peters ,j4 ,l4 ,cross ,rockford ,spokane ,j4 ,kindschuh ,a4 ,b4 ,mc,daniel ,rosalia ,whitman ,r4 ,p4 ,turnley ,f4 ,s4 ,chetal ,roslyn ,kittitas ,j4 ,g4 ,green ,thos4 ,ray ,roy ,pierce ,a4 ,w4 ,wert ,c4 ,w4 ,elder ,ruston ,pierce ,j4 ,p4 ,garrison ,v4 ,d4 ,goss ,,seattle ,king ,jno4 ,f4 ,miller ,h4 ,w4 ,carroll ,sedro-,woolley ,skagit ,c4 ,e4 ,bingham ,t4 ,j4 ,morrow ,,shelton ,mason ,g4 ,w4 ,draham ,f4 ,c4 ,mathewson ,snohomish ,snohomish ,c4 ,h4 ,lamprey ,e4 ,thistlewaite ,snoqualmie ,king ,otto ,reinig ,,south ,,bend ,pacific ,w4 ,p4 ,cressy ,c4 ,h4 ,mills ,spangle ,spokane ,j4 ,h4 ,gruenwald ,m4 ,h4 ,sullivan ,,spokane ,spokane ,c4 ,h4 ,moore ,c4 ,a4 ,fleming ,sprague ,lincoln ,j4 ,w4 ,shearer ,j4 ,v4 ,muzzy ,springdale ,stevens ,jacob ,keller ,a4 ,e4 ,bidgood ,stanwood ,snohomish ,a4 ,b4 ,klaeboe ,g4 ,m4 ,mitchell ,starbuck ,columbia ,h4 ,a4 ,johnson ,b4 ,a4 ,whiting ,steilacoom ,pierce ,e4 ,church ,m4 ,p4 ,potter ,,stevenson ,skamania ,a4 ,fleischhauer ,r4 ,c4 ,sly ,st4 ,john ,whitman ,w4 ,s4 ,ridenour ,w4 ,s4 ,mott ,sultan ,snohomish ,w4 ,w4 ,morgan ,t4 ,w4 ,musgrove ,sumas ,whatcom ,r4 ,s4 ,lambert ,l4 ,van ,valkenburg ,sumner ,pierce ,r4 ,r4 ,white ,e4 ,d4 ,swezey ,sunnyside ,yakima ,h4 ,w4 ,turner ,h4 ,f4 ,wright ,,tacoma ,pierce ,j4 ,w4 ,linck ,l4 ,w4 ,roys ,tekoa ,whitman ,t4 ,h4 ,follett ,j4 ,s4 ,woods ,tenino ,thurston ,l4 ,j4 ,miller ,s4 ,m4 ,peterson ,toledo ,lewis ,j4 ,h4 ,douge ,w4 ,h4 ,carpenter ,toppenish ,yakima ,c4 ,w4 ,grant ,t4 ,w4 ,johnston ,tukwila ,king ,joel ,shomaker ,e4 ,f4 ,greene ,tumwuter ,thurston ,a4 ,whitemarsh ,a4 ,j4 ,colby ,uniontown ,whitman ,peter ,friesoh ,j4 ,j4 ,gans ,,vancouver ,clarke ,j4 ,p4 ,kiggins ,f4 ,w4 ,bier ,waitsburg ,walla ,walla ,r4 ,m4 ,breeze ,j4 ,b4 ,lowndagin ,,walla ,,walla ,walla ,walla ,eugene ,tausick ,t4 ,d4 ,s4 ,hart ,wuputo ,yakima ,j4 ,f4 ,douglas ,h4 ,e4 ,trimble ,washtucna ,adams ,g4 ,w4 ,bassett ,c4 ,e4 ,wilson ,,waterville ,douglas ,j4 ,m4 ,hunter ,j4 ,e4 ,walker ,waverley ,spokane ,fred ,dashiell ,a4 ,l4 ,robinson ,,wenatchee ,chelan ,j4 ,a4 ,gellatly ,s4 ,r4 ,sumner ,white ,salmon ,klickitat ,g4 ,f4 ,jewett ,w4 ,c4 ,manly ,wilbur ,lincoln ,w4 ,w4 ,foley ,t4 ,w4 ,maxwell ,wilson ,creek ,grant ,w4 ,h4 ,o',larey ,f4 ,e4 ,snedicor ,winlock ,lewis ,h4 ,a4 ,baldwin ,c4 ,e4 ,leonard ,woodland ,cowlitz ,l4 ,m4 ,love ,d4 ,w4 ,whitlow ,yacolt ,clarke ,w4 ,j4 ,hoag ,wm4 ,w4 ,eaton ,sec'y ,commercial ,pop4 ,u4 ,s4 ,est4 ,pop4 ,,name4 ,organization4 ,cens4 #aijj #aiji ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,oakesdale #ibh #a1bjj ,oakville ,o4 ,h4 ,fry #fjj ,ocosta #aej ,odessa ,h4 ,l4 ,cole #a1bjj ,okanogan ,t4 ,b4 ,collins #fjj ,,olympia ,john ,m4 ,wilson #d1jhb #ab1jjj ,oroville ,f4 ,a4 ,de ,vos #hjj ,orting ,m4 ,c4 ,hopkins #gbh #a1jjj ,palouse ,city ,g4 ,d4 ,kincaid #ibi #c1jjj ,,pasco ,w4 ,d4 ,fales #bed #a1hjj ,pataha #bej ,paulsbo ,paul ,paulson #hjj ,pe ,ell ,p4 ,m4 ,watson #a1jjj ,,pomeroy #iec #a1hjj ,,port ,,angeles ,j4 ,m4 ,davis #b1cba #b1ejj ,,pt4 ,,orchard #ged #ijj ,,pt4 ,,townsend ,p4 ,c4 ,peterson #c1ddc #e1jjj ,prescott ,t4 ,b4 ,grumwell #fej ,,prosser ,h4 ,w4 ,carnahan #bbi #b1jjj ,pullman ,b4 ,f4 ,campbell #a1cjh #c1jjj ,puyallup ,j4 ,p4 ,leavitt #a1hhd #g1jjj ,quincy ,geo4 ,w4 ,downer #djj ,raymond ,w4 ,r4 ,struble #b1ejj ,reardan ,h4 ,g4 ,burns #hjj ,renton ,p4 ,w4 ,houser #c1jjj ,,republic ,m4 ,h4 ,joseph #b1ejj #a1bej ,,ritzville ,j4 ,l4 ,cross #gfa #b1fjj ,rockford ,j4 ,w4 ,lowe #dcc #a1bjj ,rosalla ,a4 ,a4 ,wonnell #cgi #a1djj ,roslyn #b1ghf #d1ejj ,roy #djj ,ruston #hjj ,,seattle ,c4 ,b4 ,yandell #hj1fga #bge1jjj ,geo4 ,e4 ,boos ,sedro-,woolley ,m4 ,b4 ,holbrook #hhe #c1dej ,,shelton ,g4 ,c4 ,angle #hhc #a1bjj ,snohomish ,w4 ,w4 ,reed #b1aja #d1jjj ,snoqualmie #djj ,,south ,,bend ,f4 ,g4 ,mc,intosh #gaa #c1jjj ,spangle ,e4 ,c4 ,rohweder #dca #dej ,,spokane ,l4 ,g4 ,monroe #cf1hdh #abj1jjj ,a4 ,w4 ,jones ,sprague ,j4 ,s4 ,freese #fie #a1ejj ,springdale #ejj ,stanwood ,l4 ,livingstone #a1jjj ,starbuck ,j4 ,b4 ,atkinson #gej ,steilacoom ,mr4 ,annis #a1jjj ,,stevenson ,r4 ,c4 ,sly #djj ,st4 ,john ,g4 ,w4 ,case1 ,jr #gjj ,sultan ,t4 ,w4 ,musgrove #ejj ,sumas ,lars ,barbo #cai #a1ejj ,sumner ,r4 ,r4 ,white #eca #a1jjj ,sunnyside ,j4 ,a4 ,vince #a1fjj ,,tacoma ,p4 ,l4 ,sinclair #cg1gad #abe1jjj ,o4 ,f4 ,cosper ,tekoa ,j4 ,p4 ,burson #gag #a1bjj ,tenino #a1jjj ,toledo ,h4 ,h4 ,hurst #bhe #ejj ,toppenish ,j4 ,g4 ,hillyer #b1jjj ,tukwila ,e4 ,f4 ,greene #gjj ,tumwuter #bgj #a1ejj ,uniontown ,w4 ,h4 ,oyler #djd #ejj ,,vancouver ,h4 ,s4 ,bartow #d1jjf #h1jjj ,waitsburg ,w4 ,s4 ,guntle #a1jaa #a1fjj ,,walla ,,walla ,a4 ,c4 ,moore #aj1jdi #bb1jjj ,wuputo #ejj ,washtucna #djj ,,waterville ,jas4 ,g4 ,tuttle #dhb #a1bjj ,waverley ,jno4 ,reycraft #ejj ,,wenatchee ,d4 ,n4 ,gellatly #dea #e1jjj ,white ,salmon ,j4 ,m4 ,lewis #fjj ,wilbur ,t4 ,w4 ,maxwell #a1ejj ,wilson ,creek ,f4 ,e4 ,snedicor #ejj ,winlock ,c4 ,e4 ,leonard #a1fjj ,woodland ,e4 ,f4 ,bryant #hjj ,yacolt ,c4 ,j4 ,dorsey #ejj ,,name4 ,transportation ,lines4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,oakesdale ,n4 ,p4 and ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 railways4 ,oakville ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,ocosta ,steamers and railway4 ,odessa ,great ,northern railway4 ,okanogan ,river steamers4 ,,olympia ,n4 ,p4 ,ry42 ,p4 ,t4 ,s4 ,ry42 steamers4 ,oroville ,great ,northern railway4 ,orting ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,palouse ,city ,four railroads4 ,,pasco ,n4 ,p4 ,ry43 ,p4 ,s4 ,ry42 steamers4 ,pataha ,oregon ,railway ,nav4 ,co's ,ry4 ,paulsbo ,steamers to ,seattle4 ,pe ,ell ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,,pomeroy ,oregon ,railroad ,nav4 ,co's ,ry4 ,,port ,,angeles ,steamer and stage lines4 ,,pt4 ,,orchard ,steamers1 ,seattle and ,tacoma4 ,,pt4 ,,townsend ,p4 ,t4 ,s4 ,ry4 and ,sound steamer4 ,prescott ,oregon ,railroad ,nav4 ,co's ,ry4 ,,prosser ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,pullman ,n4 ,p4 and ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 railways4 ,puyallup ,n4 ,p4 and ,mil4 ,rys42 ,elec4 line ,tac4 ,quincy ,great ,northern railway4 ,raymond ,northern ,pacific ,ry4 and steamers4 ,reardan ,central ,washington railway4 ,renton ,steam and electric railways4 ,,republic ,great ,northern branch line4 ,,ritzville ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,rockford ,oregon ,railroad ,nav4 ,co's ,ry4 ,rosalla ,northern ,pacific and ,milwaukee ,rys4 ,roslyn ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,roy ,northern ,pacific and ,tac4 ,east4 ,rys4 ,ruston ,northern ,pacific ,ry4 and steamers4 ,,seattle ,n4 ,p42 ,g4 ,n42 ,mil42 ,c4 ,p4 ,r42 ,bur42 ,c4 ,p4 ,s42 ,p4 ,s4 ,e4 ,rys42 ,s4 ,s4 lines4 ,sedro-,woolley ,n4 ,p4 and ,g4 ,n4 ,rys4 and steamers4 ,,shelton ,steamers to ,olympia4 ,snohomish ,g4 ,n41 ,n4 ,p4 and ,c4 ,p4 ,rys42 steamers4 ,snoqualmie ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,,south ,,bend ,northern ,pacific ,ry4 and steamers4 ,spangle ,branch ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,,spokane ,n4 ,p42 ,g4 ,n42 ,o4 ,r4 ,n42 ,p4 ,s42 ,spok4 ,int42 ,w4 ,w4 ,p4 and ,s4 ,i4 ,rys4 ,sprague ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,springdale ,spokane ,falls ,northern railway4 ,stanwood ,rail and steamer4 ,starbuck ,oregon ,railroad ,nav4 ,co's ,ry4 ,steilacoom ,electric railway and steamers4 ,,stevenson ,portland ,seattle railway4 ,st4 ,john ,oregon ,railroad ,nav4 ,co's ,ry4 ,sultan ,great ,northern railway4 ,sumas ,c4 ,p4 ,ry42 ,n4 ,p4 ,ry4 ,g4 ,n4 ,ry4 ,sumner ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,sunnyside ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,,tacoma ,n4 ,p42 ,mil42 ,t4 ,e42 ,u4 ,p4 and ,g4 ,n4 ,rys42 ,electric and ,s4 ,s4 lines4 ,tekoa ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 and ,milwaukee ,rys4 ,tenino ,northern ,pacific and ,p4 ,t4 ,s4 ,rys4 ,toledo ,northern ,pacific ,ry42 ,river steamer4 ,toppenish ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,tukwila ,puget ,sound ,electric railway4 ,tumwuter ,port ,townsend ,southern railway4 ,uniontown ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,,vancouver ,n4 ,p41 ,p4 ,s4 ,rys4 and steamers4 ,waitsburg ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 and ,n4 ,p4 railways4 ,,walla ,,walla ,n4 ,p4 and ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 railways4 ,wuputo ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,washtucna ,o4 ,r4 ,n42 ,s41 ,p4 ,s4 railways4 ,,waterville ,stage and steamer4 ,waverley ,o4 ,r4 ,n4 and ,electric railways4 ,,wenatchee ,great ,northern ,ry42 ,col4 river strs4 ,white ,salmon ,s4 ,p4 ,s4 ,ry41 and river steamer4 ,wilbur ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,wilson ,creek ,great ,northern railway4 ,winlock ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,woodland ,northern ,pacific ,ry4 and steamers ,yacolt ,northern ,pacific railway4 ,page #if ,,state ,,officers1 ,,commisions1 ,,boards ,,and ,,public ,,institutions ,,of ,,washington4 ,,office4 ,name4 ,p4 ,o4 ,address4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,governor ,m4 ,e4 ,hay ,olympia4 ,governor's ,private ,secretary ,frank ,m4 ,dallam1 ,jr ,olympia4 ,secretary of ,state ,i4 ,m4 ,howell ,olympia4 ,assistant ,secretary of ,state ,ben ,r4 ,fish ,olympia4 ,auditor ,c4 ,w4 ,clausen ,olympia4 ,deputy ,auditor ,f4 ,p4 ,jameson ,olympia4 ,treasurer ,john ,g4 ,lewis ,olympia4 ,deputy ,treasurer ,w4 ,w4 ,sherman ,olympia4 ,attorney ,general ,w4 ,p4 ,bell ,olympia4 ,assistant ,attorney ,general ,w4 ,v4 ,tanner ,olympia4 ,w4 ,f4 ,mc,gill ,olympia4 ,geo4 ,a4 ,lee ,spokane4 ,commissioner of ,public ,lands ,e4 ,w4 ,ross ,olympia4 ,assistant ,comm'r of ,public ,frank ,c4 ,morse ,olympia4 ,lands ,insurance ,commissioner ,john ,h4 ,shively ,olympia4 ,deputy ,insurance ,commissioner ,s4 ,a4 ,madge ,olympia4 ,superintendent ,public ,henry ,b4 ,dewey ,olympia4 ,instruction ,assistant ,supt4 ,public ,j4 ,m4 ,layhue ,olympia4 ,instruction ,deputy ,supt4 ,public ,f4 ,f4 ,nalder ,olympia4 ,instruction ,adjutant ,general ,geo4 ,b4 ,lamping ,seattle4 ,commissioner of ,labor ,chas4 ,f4 ,hubbard ,olympia4 ,state ,librarian ,j4 ,m4 ,hitt ,olympia4 ,law ,librarian ,c4 ,w4 ,shaffer ,olympia4 ,traveling ,library ,mrs4 ,lou ,j4 ,diven1 ,supt4 ,olympia4 ,board of ,control ,eugene ,lorton ,walla ,walla4 ,h4 ,t4 ,jones ,olympia4 ,h4 ,e4 ,gilham ,olympia4 ,state ,grain ,inspector ,e4 ,c4 ,armstrong ,colfax4 ,dairy and ,food ,commissioner ,l4 ,davies ,davenport4 ,state ,fish ,commissioner ,jno4 ,l4 ,riseland ,bellingham4 ,commissioner of ,statistics ,i4 ,m4 ,howell1 ,ex-,officio ,olympia4 ,deputy ,commissioner of ,geo4 ,m4 ,allen ,seattle4 ,statistics ,horticultural ,commissioner ,f4 ,a4 ,huntley ,tacoma4 ,coal ,mine ,inspector ,d4 ,c4 ,botting ,seattle4 ,inspector of ,oils ,f4 ,a4 ,clark ,seattle4 ,public ,printer ,e4 ,l4 ,boardman ,olympia4 ,bank ,examiner ,j4 ,l4 ,mohundro ,seattle4 ,hotel ,inspector ,j4 ,h4 ,munger ,seattle4 ,a4-,y4-,p4 ,e4 ,commission ,geo4 ,e4 ,dickson4 ,ellensburg4 ,chairman ,l4 ,p4 ,hornberger1 ,sec4 ,seattle4 ,w4 ,a4 ,halteman1 ,seattle4 ,exec4 ,commis4 ,m4 ,m4 ,godman ,seattle4 ,r4 ,w4 ,condon ,port ,gamble4 ,j4 ,w4 ,slayden ,steilacoom4 ,l4 ,h4 ,burnett ,aberdeen4 ,railway ,commission ,h4 ,a4 ,fairchild1 ,chairman ,olympia4 ,tax ,commission ,t4 ,d4 ,rockwell1 ,chairman ,olympia4 ,fire ,warden and ,forester ,j4 ,r4 ,welty ,olympia4 ,highway ,commissioner ,j4 ,m4 ,snow ,olympia4 ,board of ,accountancy ,alfred ,lister1 ,sec'y ,tacoma4 ,bureau ,inspection ,public ,c4 ,w4 ,clausen1 ,olympia4 ,offices ,ex-officio ,chief ,board of ,health ,e4 ,e4 ,hegg1 ,sec'y ,seattle4 ,board of ,barber ,examiners ,chas4 ,w4 ,whisler ,seattle4 ,board of ,medical ,examiners ,dr4 ,j4 ,clinton ,mc,fadden1 ,seattle4 ,secy4 ,board of ,pharmacy ,p4 ,jensen1 ,sec'y ,tacoma4 ,board of ,dental ,examiners ,e4 ,b4 ,edgars ,seattle4 ,,educational ,,institutions4 ,university of ,washington ,thomas ,franklin ,kane1 ,seattle4 ,pres4 ,state ,college ,e4 ,a4 ,bryan1 ,pres4 ,pullman4 ,state ,normal ,school ,h4 ,c4 ,sampson1 ,principal ,cheney4 ,state ,normal ,school ,e4 ,c4 ,mathes1 ,principal ,bellingham4 ,state ,normal ,school ,w4 ,e4 ,wilson1 ,principal ,ellensburg4 ,school for ,deaf ,thos4 ,p4 ,clark1 ,vancouver4 ,superintendent ,school for ,blind ,geo4 ,h4 ,mullin1 ,principal ,vancouver4 ,state ,training ,school ,c4 ,c4 ,aspinwall ,chehalis4 ,,other ,,state ,,institutions4 ,soldiers' ,home ,gen4 ,geo4 ,w4 ,t4 ,orting4 ,tibbetts1 ,com4 ,willis ,l4 ,ames1 ,com4 ,port ,orchard4 ,insane ,asylum ,a4 ,p4 ,calhoun4 ,supt4 ,fort ,steilacoom4 ,j4 ,m4 ,semple1 ,supt4 ,medical ,lake4 ,state ,penitentiary ,c4 ,s4 ,reed1 ,warden ,walla ,walla4 ,state ,reformatory ,cleon ,b4 ,roe1 ,supt4 ,monroe4 ,institution for ,feeble ,minded ,s4 ,c4 ,woodruff1 ,supt4 ,medical ,lake4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ia4--,overflow ,wheat ,warehouse1 at ,pullman1 ,whitman ,county4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ib4--;,a ,yakima ,county ,vineyard4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #ic4--,yakima ,county ,potatoes--#fjj ,bushels to the ,acre4 ,illustration3 ,plate ,no4 #id4--;,a ,yakima ,county ,orchard ,scene4 ,page #ig ,,statement ,,showing ,,area ,,of ,,state ,,school ,,and ,,granted ,,lands ,,in ,,each ,,county4 ,,area ,,sold ,,by ,,deeds ,,and ,,contracts ,,of ,,sale4 ,,compiled ,,for ,,period ,,up ,,to ,,and ,,including ,,september #cj1 #aijh4 ,total ,total area ,total ,area area sold ,remaining ,,counties4 of school area under by deed area and granted deeded4 contract and under unsold4 lands4 of sale4 contract4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,adams #he1fcb4be #a1jfc4cj #ab1cbj4jj #ac1chc4cj #gb1bdh4ie ,asotin #bf1ijf4ef #afa4ij #a1cfj4jj #a1eba4ij #be1chd4ff ,benton #ib1icg4fh #a1fbf4ge #h1fbi4ij #aj1bef4fe #hb1fha4jc ,chehalis #gg1jfd4da #g1hhc4ic #a1hbc4he #i1gjg4gh #fg1cef4fc ,chelan #eb1ebf4ej #bab4cd #a1jgd4gj #a1bhg4jd #ea1bci4df ,clallam #gg1ead4bh #b1iad4db #cbj4jj #c1bcd4db #gd1bgi4hf ,clarke #cf1igb4af #c1fid4bg #a1ehe4he #e1bhj4ab #ca1fib4jd ,columbia #bd1fdj4jj #e1jhd4jj #a1fbj4jj #f1gjd4jj #ag1icf4jj ,cowlitz #he1cgc4hj #f1cfd4dc #a1jfc4gc #g1dbh4af #gg1ide4jj ,douglas #cac1bce4ff #c1daf4fb #fd1baa4fb #fg1fbh4eb #bde1fjg4ad ,ferry #ba1bai4ea #ba1bai4ea ,franklin #dj1gca4he #aja4hc #c1gbj4jj #c1hba4hc #cf1iaj4jb ,garfield #ba1bih4dg #b1agi4ba #a1gfj4jj #c1ici4ba #ag1cei4bf ,island #af1bjb4gj #d1fgi4ic #a1cej4be #f1jcj4ah #aj1agb4eb ,jefferson #hg1ceh4cd #ab1gfj4ia #a1cjf4gg #ad1jfg4fh #gc1bij4ff ,king #hf1jbj4ac #ae1ffg4hj #e1aie4ie #bj1hfc4ge #fe1aef4ch ,kitsap #bg1aeg4dj #ab1agh4aj #a1gid4gj #ac1igb4hj #ac1ahd4fj ,kittitas #abi1eij4ig #d1fdh4ja #a1hdj4jj #f1dhh4ja #abc1ajb4if ,klickitat #gg1bhj4hf #b1cdj4hd #d1adc4ag #f1dhd4ja #gj1gif4he ,lewis #hf1eff4hf #d1cbh4ca #b1ajf4ja #f1dcd4cb #hj1acb4ed ,lincoln #hd1jhh4de #d1hah4jj #ab1fbj4jj #ag1dch4jj #ff1fej4de ,mason #dh1jeg4gb #d1gej4ec #fea4ih #e1djb4ea #db1fee4ba ,okanogan #ij1eag4cd #cii4ee #ab1dhg4fb #ab1hhg4ag #gg1fcj4ag ,pacific #fj1ebi4bi #b1ahg4ha #a1dja4ij #c1ehi4ga #ef1ici4eh ,pierce #fb1aah4ee #h1hii4ih #b1jef4hb #aj1ief4hj #ea1afa4ge ,san ,juan #d1gfe4fc #cff4ce #bje4be #ega4fj #d1aid4jc ,skagit #ib1aia4ge #d1eea4hc #a1gah4ag #f1bgj4jj #he1iba4ge ,skamania #dd1fii4ee #e1fij4jh #ihh4ej #f1fgh4eh #ch1jbj4ig ,snohomish #dg1icg4ii #g1ede4ac #e1cib4de #ab1ibg4eh #ce1jjj4da ,spokane #fg1deg4fd #f1idc4ei #ae1cfj4bj #bb1cjc4gi #de1aec4he ,stevens #afd1jfc4gb #efa4ai #d1gdh4ej #e1cji4fi #aeh1ged4jc ,thurston #cc1ddc4gi #d1bhf4hb #a1fcf4hg #e1ibc4fi #bg1ebj4aj ,wahkiakum #bf1jec4bf #a1gie4ie #dea4ee #b1beg4ej #bc1gie4gf ,walla ,walla #ej1ecf4ig #f1ghe4ih #g1bai4df #ad1jje4dd #cf1eca4ec ,whatcom #da1aif4di #b1gbi4ej #d1eia4eb #g1cba4jb #cc1hge4dg ,whitman #hj1cea4hb #ad1ehc4dg #ba1cbb4if #ce1ijf4dc #dd1dde4ci ,yakima #adc1ajb4ig #c1ibg4ei #e1afi4ej #i1jig4ji #acd1jje4hh ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,totals #b1fjg1cdc4cbagb1acj4ec #bae1bei4ge #chg1cij4bh #b1bai1iec4jd ,,note3--,the statement of total area of school and granted lands by counties includes only approved indemnity selected1 approved granted lands1 and school sections #af and #cf in place4 ,page #ih ,,unappropriated ,,federal ,,lands ,,of ,,washington4 ,area unappropriated ,,land and unreserved ,brief description of ,,district ----------------------------- character of unappropriated ,,and ,unsur- and unreserved land4 ,,country4 ,surveyed4 veyed4 ,total4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,north ,yakima3 ,acres4 ,acres4 ,acres4 ,benton #bg1jfb #bg1jfb ,rolling prairie1 hilly1 grazing4 ,douglas #ae1jjc #ae1jjc ,grazing1 prairie1 hilly1 and timber4 ,kittitas #adi1cea #bde1ifg #cie1cah ,grazing1 arid prairie1 and timber4 ,yakima #abf1jgb #bgd1ejj #djj1egb --------------------------- ,total #cag1dhh #ebj1dfg #hcg1iee ,olympia3 ,chehalis #a1dia #a1dia ,mountainous timbered lands4 ,jefferson #hfj #hfj ,do4 ,king #efj #efj ,do4 ,kitsap #dj #dj ,do4 ,lewis #dj #dj ,do4 ,mason #b1ecg #b1ecg ,do4 ,pacific #hj #hj ,do4 ,pierce #ega #ega ,do4 ,thurston #bjg #bjg ,do4 --------------------------- ,total #f1hhf #f1chf ,seattle3 ,clallam #a1bdj #a1hdj #c1jhj ,mountainous and broken2 good supply of excellent timber4 ,king #fhj #aa1fhj #ab1cfj ,broken and mountainous4 ,san ,juan #cbd #cbd ,broken1 with little timber4 ,skagit #b1dge #be1edj #bh1jae ,broken1 heavily timbered1 and mountainous4 ,snohomish #cbj #e1dhd #e1hjd ,do4 ,whatcom #hdj #h1ibc #i1gfh ,do4 --------------------------- ,total #e1hgi #ec1dfg #ei1cdf ,spokane3 ,adams #bf1eab #bf1eab ,arid lands1 valuable for fruit and grain4 ,douglas l1#ejj l1#ejj ,arid lands4 ,ferry #afe1ebf #cgi1gcb #ede1beh ,farming1 grazing1 timber1 and mineral4 ,lincoln #ce1fcb #d1ddh #dj1jhj ,farming and grazing4 ,okanogan #ac1cdc #aad1gef #abh1jii ,farming1 grazing1 and mineral4 ,spokane #b1hif #c1jid #e1iij ,do4 ,stevens #dji1jic #gaa1ihaa1aba1jdd ,mountainous1 farming1 and mineral4 ,whitman #b1jec #b1jec ,grazing lands4 --------------------------- ,total #fee1jeea1bae1eaaa1hgj1eff ,vancouver3 ,clarke #d1ghg #d1ghg ,timbered and agricultural4 ,cowlitz #af1gjc #g1jhj #bc1ghc ,do4 ,klickitat #fa1eec #b1fjj #fd1aec ,timbered1 agricultural1 grazing ,lewis #h1jac #d1iie #ac1jjh ,timbered and agricultural4 ,pacific #a1iha #a1iha ,do4 ,skamania #g1dah #g1dah ,do4 ,wahkiakum #caf #caf ,timbered4 --------------------------- ,total #ajj1gga #ad1fge #aae1ddf ,walla ,walla3 ,adams #ae1ahh #ae1ahh ,prairie1 farming1 and grazing lands4 ,asotin #hc1fca #ac1bic #if1ibd ,mountainous1 some timber1 and prairie4 ,benton #dj1cie #dj1cie ,desert1 grazing1 some timber1 prairie1 and farming4 ,columbia #ae1bjc #aeb1bgi #afg1dhb ,mountainous1 some timber1 and prairie4 ,franklin #db1cfc #db1cfh ,prairie1 grazing lands2 no timber4 ,garfield #de1dfh #dd1eci #ij1jjg ,farming1 grazing1 and timber4 ,klickitat #bd1ibf #bd1ibf ,grazing and farming2 some timber4 ,walla ,walla #ae1ebb #ae1ebb ,do4 ,whitman #ae1hce #ae1hce ,prairie1 farming1 and grazing lands4 --------------------------- ,total #bih1eca #baj1aaa #ejh1fdb ,page #ii ,waterville3 ,chelan #cba1eah #i1hhj #cca1cih ,mountainous1 timber1 farming4 ,douglas #dce1bjg #dd1hij #dhj1jig ,prairie1 farming1 and grazing4 ,okanogan #bjf1iij #bah1age #dbe1afe ,mountainous1 timber1 and farming4 --------------------------- ,total #ifc1gae #bgb1idea1bcf1ffj ,state total #b1cdg1hbeb1bhg1agfd1fce1jja ,,climatic ,,summary ,,for ,,washington4 ,,prepared ,,by ,,geo4 ,n4 ,,salisbury1 ,of the ,weather ,bureau at ,seattle4 ,the following tables represent averages of observations1 covering ten years or more4 ,the stations included in the list are so distributed as to indicate the climatic conditions in every portion of the state4 ,,southwestern ,,washington4 ,,station3 ,,aberdeen4 ,number of ,precip- days-- ,temperature itation ----------- in degrees in ,with ,pre- ,,month4 ,fahrenheit inches4 cipitation ,cloudy ----------------------- ---------- ,partly ,prevailing ,highest ,lowest ,snowfall ,cloudy direction ---- ----- ----- ,clear of the ,mean ,date ,date ,total wind ----------------------------- --------- ------------------ ,january #ci4i #fa #aijj #ajahic #aj4ef #d4h #cacaeai ,w ,february #dj4f #gc #aije #acahii #aj4dc #c4e #caaadbj ,,sw ,march #dc4g #hb #aije #bbahif #g4hi #a4f #eai #gbj ,w ,april #dh4b #hh #aije #bhahii #g4ff ,t #faf #hag ,w ,may #ec4j #ia #ahig #biaija #d4eh #j #fag #hae ,w ,june #ef4hajj #aijc #cdaija #c4gb #j #fae #iac ,w ,july #fj4haje #ahia #cgaija #a4jb #j #iag #e #g ,w ,august #fb4a #if #ahih #djaijb #a4jf #j #aaag #c #e ,w ,september #eg4e #hh #ahid #cjaija #d4ih #j #iae #f #i ,w ,october #eb4c #he #ahia #biahic #f4ga #j #fadajad ,w ,november #de4a #gc #aijd #bbaijj #ae4bh #j4e #bajahbb ,w ,december #dj4i #fj #ahib #bjaija #ad4ff #j4e #daaafbj ,,sw ,w ------------------- --------- ------------------ ,sums #hh4eeaj4i #fadajae ,means or#ej4jaje;,july1 #aj;,jan4 ,extremes_/ #ahia #ahic ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,page #ajj ,,puget ,,sound ,,district4 ,,station3 ,,tacoma ,,and ,,ashford4 ,number of ,precip- days-- ,temperature itation ----------- in degrees in ,with ,pre- ,,month4 ,fahrenheit inches4 cipitation ,cloudy ----------------------- ---------- ,partly ,prevailing ,highest ,lowest ,snowfall ,cloudy direction ---- ----- ----- ,clear of the ,mean ,date ,date ,total wind ----------------------------- --------- ------------------ ,january #ch4j #fd #ahia #jahhh #g4bjaa4j #d #fbabj ,,sw ,february #ch4i #ff #aije #eahhg #f4fhab4d #d #gahag ,,sw ,march #dd4d #gd #aijj #afahig #d4hb #h4j #f #hagah ,,sw ,april #dh4i #hd #ahig #bhahif #d4dj #b4h #fababad ,,sw ,may #ed4a #ij #ahib #ccahid #d4aa #j4b #fabacad ,,sw ,june #eh4b #ig #aijc #ciahie #b4fb ,t #hajabaa ,n ,july #fb4j #ii #ahia #dbahid #a4bj #j #ae #i #g #f ,n ,august #fa4f #ib #ahih #djahie #a4bh #j #ae #h #h #e ,n ,september #ef4b #hg #ahid #cfaijb #b4gd #j #ab #hajaj ,n ,october #ej4f #hb #ahib #beahic #d4ea #j #h #haeab ,,sw ,november #dd4b #gj #ahib #hahif #i4aa #e4b #b #ebcba ,,sw ,december #dj4i #fa #aijj #aiahid #i4ee #d4d #d #gbjah ,,sw ------------------- --------- ------------------ ,sums #eh4bbdd4j #g #haead ,means or#di4h #ii;,july1 #j;,jan4 ,extremes_/ #ahia #ahhh ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,eastern ,,washington4 ,,station3 ,,spokane4 ,number of ,precip- days-- ,temperature itation ----------- in degrees in ,with ,pre- ,,month4 ,fahrenheit inches4 cipitation ,cloudy ----------------------- ---------- ,partly ,prevailing ,highest ,lowest ,snowfall ,cloudy direction ---- ----- ----- ,clear of the ,mean ,date ,date ,total wind ----------------------------- --------- ------------------ ,january #bd4e #ee #ahic-cjahhh #b4ed #i4d #d #dbcad ,s ,february #bh4e #ei #ahif-bcahij #b4jb #h4a #d #gagac ,e ,,sw ,march #ci4g #gb #ahhi-ajahia #a4dj #c4j #g #hafab ,s ,april #dh4j #hf #ahij #bbahij #a4ch #j4b #fajad #i ,s ,,sw ,may #eg4j #ie #ahig #biaije #a4ci ,t #fajaeaj ,s ,june #fb4d #if #ahif #cdahia #a4fg ,t #iabaj #i ,,sw ,july #fi4jajb #ahij #ciahic #j4ga #j #ae #h #h #e ,,sw ,august #fi4jajd #ahih #djaijb #j4df #j #ag #h #f #e ,s ,september #eh4a #ih #ahhh #bfahhi #a4jd #j #ab #gaa #g ,,ne ,october #dh4j #hf #ahib #abahhg #a4ci ,t #h #iad #g ,,ne ,november #cg4h #gj #aijc-acahif #a4fg #b4i #a #ebdae ,s ,december #ca4c #eg #ahhf-ahahhd #b4ef #d4i #c #dbdac ,,sw ------------------- --------- ------------------ ,sums #ah4bcbi4d #g #haeaj ,means or#dg4hajd;,aug4 -#cj;,jan4 ,extremes_/ #ahih #ahhh ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,page #aja ,,southeastern ,,washington4 ,,station3 ,,walla ,,walla4 ,number of ,precip- days-- ,temperature itation ----------- in degrees in ,with ,pre- ,,month4 ,fahrenheit inches4 cipitation ,cloudy ----------------------- ---------- ,partly ,prevailing ,highest ,lowest ,snowfall ,cloudy direction ---- ----- ----- ,clear of the ,mean ,date ,date ,total wind ----------------------------- --------- ------------------ ,january #cb4f #fg #aijb-agahhh #b4ag #f4a #caaagab ,s ,february #cg4j #fi #ahif-aeahic #a4ee #e4a #fac #iab ,s ,march #de4b #gd #aije #bahia #a4gc #b4g #haf #gac ,s ,april #eb4f #hi #ahij #biahij #a4gf #b #ajag #c #i ,s ,may #fj4aajj #ahig #cdaije #a4gb #j #abaf #caa ,s ,june #fe4haje #ahif #djaija #a4ac #j #aead #a #h ,s ,july #gc4hajh #ahia #deahia #j4cg #j #bd #f #a #d ,s ,august #gc4haac #ahih #dgahii #j4dc #j #bc #g #a #d ,s ,september #fc4fajj #ahhh #cfaijj #j4ig #j #ag #i #d #g ,s ,october #ed4d #hg #aijd #bdahhg #a4ej ,t #aeab #d #h ,s ,november #db4h #gf #ahia -#iahif #b4ag #b4j #dac #cac ,s ,december #cg4c #fe #ahij -#bahih #b4jg #c4e #caaagad ,s ------------------- --------- ------------------ ,sums #ag4ehai4f #abab #faj ,means or#ec4baac;,aug4 -#ag;,jan4 ,extremes_/ #ahih #ahhh ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,the ,,irrigated ,,washington4 ,,station3 ,,north ,,yakima1 ,,sunnyside1 ,,ft4 ,,simcoe4 ,number of ,precip- days-- ,temperature itation ----------- in degrees in ,with ,pre- ,,month4 ,fahrenheit inches4 cipitation ,cloudy ----------------------- ---------- ,partly ,prevailing ,highest ,lowest ,snowfall ,cloudy direction ---- ----- ----- ,clear of the ,mean ,date ,date ,total wind ----------------------------- --------- ------------------ ,january #cj4d #fb #ahii-afahii #a4hb #i4b #gacaa #g ,w ,february #ce4b #ga #aija-bbahic #a4ad #e4f #hab #i #f ,w ,march #db4e #gh #ahie #bahif #j4eg #j4d #abad #e #c ,w ,april #ea4a #ij #ahig #ahahif #j4dg ,t #abac #e #c ,w ,may #ei4aaja #ahig #bdahif #j4gd #j #aaad #f #e ,w ,june #fe4dajf #ahif #cjaija #j4cb #j #aeaj #e #d ,w ,july #ga4faab #ahif #cfaije #j4aa #j #bd #e #b #b ,w ,august #ga4aaji #ahig #ceahie #j4ba #j #ai #i #c #c ,w ,september #fa4a #ih #ahif #bdahia #j4dd #j #ag #h #e #d ,w ,october #ea4j #hi #ahia #acahic #j4ej #j #aeaj #f #d ,w ,november #ci4d #gc #ahig-bcahif #a4ef #d4d #dabad #i ,w ,december #cb4c #fg #ahih -#hahie #a4dg #f4b #gajad #g ,,sw ------------------- --------- ------------------ ,sums #i4cebe4h #abaa #g #e ,means or#ej4iaab;,july1-#bc,nov4 ,extremes_/ #ahif #ahif ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,page #ajb ,,total ,,assessment ,,of ,,all ,,property ,,in ,,the ,,state ,,of ,,washington ,,as ,,equalized ,,by ,,the ,,state ,,board ,,of ,,equalization ,,for ,,the ,,year #aijh4 ,total ,real and ,personal ,property1 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,ratio ,assessed assessed ,,counties4 value ,actual to 99,exemp- returned value4 actual tions4 by county4 value4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,adams #ab1icd1bgj #cb1gcj1gej #ci4ea99 #cdg1chj ,asotin #c1ahf1egj #f1cdf1aaj #ej4ba #gc1fjj ,benton #e1ijj1fcj #ac1ifg1bbi #db4bd #bja1aje ,chehalis #ad1hcb1fga #fc1cbj1bih #bc4db99 #hig1jec ,chelan #g1eaj1hbe #ag1ijc1cfc #da4ie #cag1eaj ,clallam #g1jde1afa #ad1bid1ijg #di4bh #adh1jag ,clarke #i1edh1ife #bb1iea1ieh #da4fj99 #eeb1jjj ,columbia #f1fgg1age #ab1iaf1fgd #ea4fi #afd1hee ,cowlitz #g1ejf1iaa #ah1ggd1fba #ci4ih99 #beh1cje ,douglas #ac1gad1cgh #cb1fbc1jgf #db4jc99 #gib1gce ,ferry #a1cbc1ebd #b1bje1hgc #fj4jj99 #acb1fgd ,franklin #d1jbi1igi #ab1jec1hdb #cc4dc99 #aba1cji ,garfield #d1bcj1ddf #i1dff1dcg #dd4fh #abc1jbg ,island #a1bif1egb #c1gjf1afh #cd4ih #ajj1ede ,jefferson #d1eff1jdb #i1icb1gga #de4if #ib1hfd ,king 99#bjd1heb1bbc #dcg1ije1efd #df4gh #e1jaa1gaf ,kitsap #d1ade1jde #i1acc1ahc #de4ch99 #bga1ggg ,kittitas #h1hec1ajb #bj1ade1fdc #dc4ih #dba1fje ,klickitat #e1hfi1eae #ad1aii1hcd #da4cc #cff1hce ,lewis #ag1iei1gcj #ci1jbh1aeb #df4ja #fgc1acg ,lincoln #ah1jdf1hfe #dd1icc1gab #dj4af99 #hdd1jfa ,mason #c1jcj1cge #aj1gdd1jei #bh4bj #ig1chf ,okanogan #c1gej1dag #f1edj1hba #eg4cc #dba1fae ,pacific #g1jcf1ced #bb1idg1abi #cj4ff #ie1gjj ,pierce #gf1hbh1jij #aha1dii1gdf #db4cc #b1ijc1dej ,san ,juan #a1eec1hef #c1ghi1hib #da4jj99 #abf1hah ,skagit #aj1hfg1aej #ch1cdf1ida #bh4cc #big1fjj ,skamania #d1jfc1ahh #f1cge1ccj #fc4gc #ff1cjj ,snohomish 99 #be1fii1dfa #ed1did1aib #dg4af #a1bba1egj ,spokane #hj1jch1dji #aed1ifg1ghf #ea4fd #b1ief1bfe ,stevens #f1fge1ijh #ag1haa1hig #cg4dh99 #fed1bch ,thurston #h1cbe1jfe #bc1hhb1jch #cd4he #eah1iga ,wahkiakum #a1ffh1cgf #d1cai1aig #ch4fb #fi1faf ,walla ,walla #ai1dcd1chj #de1hff1bhg #db4cg #cfi1jjj ,whatcom #ai1hec1jdf #dh1jch1jag #da4cb99 #a1dfj1bej ,whitman #ai1jih1age #fj1efj1dac #ca4ec #a1afj1bij ,yakima #bc1fbe1cee #dh1dbh1ahd #dh4gh99 #a1eag1cij ---------------------------------------- ----- ,totals #fge1egh1aiia1efg1aeb1jid #dc4aabe1ijb1efi ,exclusive of ,railroad and ,telegraph4 ------------------------------------- ,aggregate ,aggregate value of tax- value as ,,counties4 able property equalized as returned by state by county4 board4 ------------------------------------- ,adams #ab1ehf1hij #ac1gfb1hdf ,asotin #c1aab1igj #b1ffb1bjh ,benton #e1fii1ebe #e1hbj1afg ,chehalis #ac1ice1fah #bf1djj1cbg ,chelan #g1aic1cae #g1djj1fcj ,clallam #f1hig1add #f1jad1eag ,clarke #h1iif1ife #i1cdb1ehi ,columbia #f1eab1cbj #e1djc1ebc ,cowlitz #g1bdh1fjf #g1hce1dcd ,douglas #ab1iba1fdc #ac1bga1jgc ,ferry #a1aij1hej #hah1bgh ,franklin #c1ijh1fgj #e1jge1ajb ,garfield #d1ajg1dai #c1ieg1ied ,island #a1aif1jbg #a1dig1ahd ,jefferson #d1dgc1agh #d1ahi1aed ,king #aii1hdj1ejg #ahc1gfi1ejg ,kitsap #c1hgc1bfh #c1ffe1ech ,kittitas #h1dca1dig #h1bfc1ahb ,klickitat #e1ejb1fhj #e1ged1gac ,lewis #ag1bhf1eic #af1aea1hii ,lincoln #ag1bjb1hjd #ah1ebf1hfb ,mason #b1icb1ihi #d1ecd1cgh ,okanogan #c1cbh1hjb #b1cih1acc ,pacific #f1idj1fed #i1gif1hjg ,pierce #gc1ibd1fdj #ge1cda1jia ,san ,juan #a1dbg1jch #a1ejg1jjd ,skagit #aj1efi1eej #af1bcc1gff ,skamania #c1iif1hhc #b1fhb1aje ,snohomish #bd1dgg1hia #bb1bgj1hhf ,spokane #gg1jhb1add #fc1hej1cdh ,stevens #f1jba1fgj #g1jbd1dga ,thurston #g1hjf1jid #i1ggf1egf ,wahkiakum #a1eih1gfj #a1gib1cij ,walla ,walla #ai1jfe1chj #ai1djc1ieg ,whatcom #ah1cib1gif #ai1bdh1ici ,whitman #ag1icg1hhe #bd1idg1cjd ,yakima #bb1jec1ife #ai1cjf1jja ------------------------- ,totals #fdi1fge1fcjfdi1fif1gji ,railroads4 ,electric ,telegraph4 ,,total4 ,rys4 ,aggregate ,value as ,value as ,value as value as real corrected1 corrected1 corrected1 and personal ,,counties4 revised and revised and revised and property as equalized byequalized byequalized byequalized by state board4state board4state board4state board4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,adams #b1dde1gjc #aj1dii #af1bai1jdh ,asotin #b1ffb1bjh ,benton #b1eie1cca #e1dgg #h1dbj1ige ,chehalis #gih1hbh #afe1beh #b1bab #bg1cff1fbe ,chelan #b1hfj1hib #i1jeh #aj1bgj1ehj ,clallam #d1jgc #f1jah1eij ,clarke #hia1bge #hg #aj1bcc1iea ,columbia #ijh1bjb #f1gge #f1cah1ejj ,cowlitz #a1cfc1jhi #aa1jaf #i1bji1eci ,douglas #c1gjc1edf #i1fej #af1ihd1bfi ,ferry #a1cei1bgh #b1agg1fda ,franklin #a1heb1jbe #g1ige #f1ice1ajb ,garfield #add1jfg #eee #d1ajb1egf ,island #a1dig1ahd ,jefferson #dag1dfd #c1fie #d1faj1cac ,king #aa1hhb1hjb #g1dgg1hfj #ch1fde #bjc1afh1fhj ,kitsap #b1cbe #c1ffg1hfc ,kittitas #c1fgd1gjf #aj1aid #aa1idh1jhb ,klickitat #a1ajh1fhc #f1hfc1cif ,lewis #b1jej1dib #ab1ahf #ah1bad1egf ,lincoln #d1def1hde #ab1fdh #bb1iif1cee ,mason #g1gia #d1edb1afi ,okanogan #hcd1hdd #c1bcb1igg ,pacific #dah1caj #a1dch #aj1baf1eee ,pierce #d1ehi1dae #a1ijj1cgj #bb1jgg #ha1heb1iec ,san ,juan #a1ejg1jjd ,skagit #b1agg1fje #g1eah #ah1dah1hhi ,skamania #ccb1ibf #c1jae1jca ,snohomish #h1jfd1cfh #iaj1aie #ah1iej #ca1bfd1cii ,spokane #h1djb1efc #b1aca1faa #ca1jge #gd1dae1eig ,stevens #a1iid1hig #f1cec #i1jbe1gba ,thurston #a1efa1cij #gf1ecj #aj1jif #aa1dbd1eib ,wahkiakum #a1gib1cij ,walla ,walla #c1gig1gdd #aca1jhb #ad1egd #bc1cdg1ceg ,whatcom #c1cgb1cjf #fcj1cgc #g1deg #bc1bei1jge ,whitman #c1bif1cbb #ebh1bdh #ai1hig #bh1gia1gga ,yakima #c1bgh1eef #aj1jjj #f1heb #bb1fja1dji ---------------------------------------- --------- ,totals #hd1fdb1cdi #ac1ifa1ebg #bic1ceg #gdh1eic1idb 99,exception includes the amount returned by these counties under the item ,moneys on hand allowed by the ,board4 ,page #ajc ,,acknowledgement ,distribution of this publication at the ,alaska-,yukon-,pacific ,exposition has been made possible through financial assistance extended by the ,state ,a4-,y4-,p4 ,e4 ,commission4 ,an edition of a few thousand copies only was originally contemplated1 but funds provided by the ,state ,commission have enabled us to increase the quantity to #be1jjj4 ,this help thus given in extending the field of usefulness of this report is herewith gratefully acknowledged4 ,,state ,,bureau ,,of ,,statistics ,,and ,,immigration4 ,i4 ,m4 ,,howell1 ,secretary of ,state1 ,ex-,officio ,commissioner4 ,,geo4 ,m4 ,,allen1 ,deputy ,commissioner4 ,page #ajd ,,index ,,to ,,descriptive ,,matter4 ,acknowledgment #ajc ,adams ,county #df ,agriculture #bb ,asotin ,county #dg ,bee ,culture #bf ,benton ,county #dh ,coal ,fields #aj ,coal ,mining #ai ,chehalis ,county #di ,chelan ,county #ej ,clallam ,county #ea ,clarke ,county #eb ,columbia ,county #ec ,cowlitz ,county #ed ,dairying #be ,douglas ,county #ee ,educational ,system #cb-cc ,ferry ,county #ef ,forests #i ,fisheries #ab ,franklin ,county #eg ,game #af ,garfield ,county #eh ,government ,lands #ad ,grant ,county #ei ,horticulture #bd ,indian ,lands #ad ,industries of ,washington #ah-bh ,introduction #c-d ,irrigation #dj-da ,island ,county #fj ,jefferson ,county #fa ,king ,county #fb ,kitsap ,county #fd ,kittitas ,county #fe ,klickitat ,county #ff ,lands #ad ,letter of ,transmittal #b ,lewis ,county #fg ,lincoln ,county #fi ,logged-off ,lands #cc-ci ,lumbering #ah ,manufacturing #bf ,mason ,county #gj ,mineral ,ores #aa ,natural ,division #e ,okanogan ,county #ga ,opportunities in ,washington #bi-ca ,pacific ,county #gb ,pierce ,county #gd ,poultry #bf ,resources of ,washington #h-ag ,san ,juan ,county #gf ,scenery #af ,skagit ,county #gg ,skamania ,county #gi ,snohomish ,county #hj ,soils #ac ,spokane ,county #ha ,state ,lands #ad ,stevens ,county #hc ,stock ,raising #bd ,thurston ,county #he ,title ,page #a ,transportation #bg ,wahkiakum ,county #hf ,walla ,walla ,county #hg ,water ,power #ae ,whatcom ,county #hg ,whitman ,county #hi ,yakima ,county #ij ,,index ,,to ,,statistical ,,appendix4 ,assessed valuations by counties #ajb ,climatic tables #ii-aja ,federal lands1 distribution by counties #ih-ii ,state officers1 boards and commissions #if ,state lands1 distribution by counties #ig ,statistics of incorporated cities and towns #ib-ie