,,transcrib]',s ,,note3 ,! ,table ( ,cont5ts 0 add$ by ! transcrib]4 ,,! ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,! ,,holy-,,week ,,at ,,rome4 ,,by ,,! ,,rt4 ,,rev4 ,,monsignor ,,baggs1 ,,bi%op ,,( ,,pella4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,?ird ,,edition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rome3 ,,sold ,,by ,,luigi ,,piale1 ,,engli% ,,booksell]1 #a4 ,,piazza ,,di ,,spagna1 #ajf4 ,,via ,,babu9o4 #ahed4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cont5ts ,,directions ,,= ,,see+ ,,! ,,c]emonies #c ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,on ,,! ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,! ,,mass #e ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,,on ,,! ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,palm-,,sunday #bb ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,,on ,,! ,,div9e ,,(fice1 ,,& ,,! ,,(fice ,,( ,,t5ebrae ,,9 ,,p>ticul> #cg ,,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,,on ,,! ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,holy ,,?ursday #ej ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,,on ,,! ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,good-,,friday #fi ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,,on ,,! ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,holy-,,saturday #ib ,,app5dix4 ,,peculi> ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,holy-,,week ,,at ,,j]usalem #aba 99 99 99 99 99 ,,directions ,,= ,,see+ ,,! ,,c]emonies 99 99 99 99 99 ,provide y\rself ) a ,,holy-,,week-,,book1 or ,uffizio della ,settimana ,santa4 ,take c>e t y\r dress is accord+ to rule4 ,= _m ( ! c]emonies ladies require tickets sign$ by ,m4 ,maggiordomo4 ,on ,palm-sunday morn+ ! ,pontifical c]emonies beg9 at ,s4 ,pet]'s1 at ab\t #i o'clock3 no /rang] c receive a palm )\t a p]mission sign$ by ,m4 ,maggiordomo4 ,9 ! aft]noon ! ,c>d4 ,p5it5ti>y goes at ab\t #d or half pa/ #d to ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's1 :]e ! ,/ation ( ! day is held4 ,on ! aft]noons ( ,w$nesday & ,?ursday1 7betwe5 #d & half pa/ #d7 & ( ,friday 7half an h\r soon]7 ! (fice ( ,t5ebrae beg9s at ! ,sixt9e *apel4 ,aft] x is ov]1 y may g to ,s4 ,pet]'s to be> ! conclusion ( a simil> s]vice3 !re on ,?ursday ev5+ ! high-alt> is wa%$ by ! ,c>d1 prie/ & *apt]2 on ,friday ! ,pope1 ,c>d9als etc4 g ?i!r to v5]ate ! relics aft] ,t5ebrae 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel2 & on ! aft]noons ( bo? days ! ,c>d4 ,p5it5ti>y goes ?i!r 9 slate4 ,9 ! ev5+ ( ^! ?ree days ! feet ( pilgrims are wa%$1 & !y are s]v$ at table by ,c>d9als etc4 at ! ,tr9ita dei ,pellegr9i4 ,on ,?ursday morn+ y c see ! oils bless$ at ,s4 ,pet]'s3 ?is c]emony beg9s e>ly4 ,!re is little diff]5ce betwe5 ! mass 7at ab\t half pa/ #i or #aj7 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel on ?is day1 & on ord9>y days1 & !re is g5]ally a great cr[d3 ! procession aft] mass is repeat$ on ! foll[+ morn+2 & ! papal b5$iction on ,ea/] ,sunday3 y\r be/ plan !re=e w be to g at an e>ly h\r to see ! bless+ ( ! oils1 & aft]w>ds ! wa%+ ( ! feet1 at ,s4 ,pet]'s2 & !n g to see ! d9n] ( ! apo/les ne> ! balcony f :i* ! ,pope gives ,8 b5$iction4 ,! ,sepul*res1 p>ticul>ly t 9 ! ,cappella ,paol9a1 may be visit$4 ,on ,friday morn+ ! s]vice ( ! ,sixt9e *apel beg9s at ab\t half pa/ #i or #aj4 7,devotion ( #c h\rs' agony f ab\t half pa/ #ab to half pa/ #c at ! ,gesu1 ,,ss4 ,lor5zo e ,damaso etc42 aft] ! ,ave ,m>ia ! ,via ,crucis at ,c>avita1 & devotion ( ! dol\rs ( ! ,b4 ,virg9 at ,s4 ,m>cello1 etc4 ,an h\r aft] ! ,ave ,m>ia poetical compositions are recit$ at ! ,s]batojo dell',arcadia74 ,on ,saturday morn+ s]vice beg9s at ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's at ab\t half pa/ #g4 ,z soon y h se5 ! baptism at ! bapti/]y1 y _h bett] drive to ! ,vatican1 to att5d at ! beautiful mass ( ! ,sixt9e *apel4 ,on ,saturday aft]noon y may g to ! ,arm5ian mass at ,s4 ,biagio or ,s4 ,gregorio ,illum9atore3 x beg9s t[>ds #d o clock4 ,on ,ea/]-,sunday ! ,pope s+s solemn mass at ,s4 ,pet]'s1 at ab\t #i o'clock4 ,he aft]w>ds v5]ates ! relics1 & gives ,8 solemn b5$iction4 ,9 ! aft]noon1 besides ,vesp]s !re is a procession at ,s4 ,pet]'s call$ t ( ! #c ,m>ies4 7,at ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's ! ,c>d9als assi/ at ,vesp]s1 & aft]w>ds v5]ate ! relics pres]v$ !re7 ,at night ! cupola is illum9at$1 & on ! foll[+ night !re are fireworks or gir&ola at ,ca/le ,s4 ,angelo4 ,on ,monday1 ,tuesday1 & ,saturday !re is cappella papale at ! ,vatican1 b x diff]s little f ! ord9>y cappelle4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,on ,,! ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,! ,,mass ,,cont5ts4 ,orig9 ( ! ^w c]emony--object ( c]emonies--in/itution ( ! mass--its e>lie/ c]emonies--discipl9e ( secrecy--liturgy ( ! ,roman *ur*--g5]al review ( ! pr9cipal c]emonies ( ! mass--mass ( ! cate*um5s1 ambones--mass ( ! fai?ful1 bless$ wat]1 secrecy1 pray]s = ! dead--,lat9 ! language ( ! ,roman liturgy1 & :y--usual c]emonies ( high-mass 9 ! papal *apel--s5tim5ts ( ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om4 ,x 0 *iefly1 if n only1 9 ! my/ical liturgy ( ! eu*>i/1 t ! primitive *ur* spoke )\t res]ve ( all ! sublimities ( ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,palm]1 ,orig9es ,liturg4 vol4 ,i1 p4 #ac4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( ! ^w c]emony4 ,f ,rome our ,saxon =efa!rs receiv$ ,*ri/ianity2 & f ! same s\rce we h d]iv$ sev]al words d5ot+ ,*ri/ian rites4 ,?us ! words religion1 sacram5t1 sacrifice1 communion1 & o!rs are ,lat91 ) ! exception ( ! t]m9ation4 ,! ^w c]emony also is ,lat91 & owes its orig9 to an int]e/+ fact 9 anci5t ,roman hi/ory4 ,:5 ! ,capitol 0 besieg$ by ! ,gauls 7,a4,u4 #cfe7 mo/ ( ! inhabitants ( ,rome provid$ = _! own safety by flight3 b ! ,flam5 ,quir9alis or prie/ ( ,romulus1 & ! ,ve/al virg9s load$ !mselves ) ! sacr$ ?+s1 t !y might secure ^? hall[$ treasures f pr(anation4 ,!y 7 proce$+ 7says ,livy lib4 ,v1 c4 ,,xxii7 along ! way :i* passes ov] ! ,sublician bridge1 :5 !y 7 met on ! declivity by ,l4 ,alb9us a plebeian1 :o 0 flee+ ) 8 wife & *ildr5 9 a plau/rum or c>t3 he & 8 family imm$iately alight$3 !n plac+ 9 ! c>t ! virg9s & sacr$ ?+s he accompani$ !m to ,ca]e :]e !y 7 receiv$ ) hospitality & respect4 ,h5ce 7says ,val]ius ,maximus lib4 ,i1 c4 #a47 sacr$ ?+s 7 call$ c]emonies1 because ! inhabitants ( ,ca]e rev]$ !m :5 ! republic 0 brok51 z readily z :5 x fl\ri%$4 ,?us is ! ^w c]emony associat$ at once ) ! devotion ( ,alb9us1 ) ! ,gauli% invasion ( ! ,capitol1 & ) ,ca]e1 "o ( ! twelve cities ( ,etruria1 n[ call$ ,c]vetri or ,ca]e vetus#a4 ,! ,pagan ,romans d]iv$ _! religi\s rites f ,etruria1 & 9 p>ticul> f ,ca]e on acc\nt ( its proximity to ,rome3 ?is may be ano!r reason = ! adoption ( ! t]m c]emony1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds appli$ to ! rites ( all religions#b4 ,sid5ote3 ,object ( c]emonies4 ,b :at1 x may be ask$ by _m1 is ! use ( c]emonies8 ,i %all answ] 9 ! words ( ! c\ncil ( ,tr5t4 ,s9ce ! nature ( man is su*1 t he _c easily )\t ext]ior helps be rais$ to ! m$itation ( div9e ?+s1 ! *ur* z a pi\s "m has in/itut$ c]ta9 rites1 namely1 t "s ?+s 9 ! mass %\ld be pron\nc$ 9 a l[ voice & o!rs al\d2 %e has also us$ c]emonies1 z my/ical b5$ictions1 lights1 inc5se1 ve/m5ts1 & _m o!r ?+s ( t k9d1 f apo/olical tradition & discipl9e1 9 ord] t ! maje/y ( s great a sacrifice might be display$1 & ! m9ds ( ! fai?ful might be excit$ by ^! visible signs ( religion & piety to ! contemplation ( ^? sublime ?+s :i* are conceal$ 9 ?is sacrifice4 ,session ,,xxii1 c4 ,v4--,^! words lead u to treat briefly ( ! mass1 ! pr9cipal act ( div9e wor%ip dur+ holy-week z at all o!r seasons ( ! ye>4 ,?is we d n[ ! m readily1 t we may n aft]w>ds be oblig$ to int]rupt our acc\nt ( ! peculi> c]emonies ( ,holy week1 :i* presuppose an acqua9tance ) ! mass4 ,sid5ote3 ,in/itution ( ! mass4 ,jesus ,*ri/ in/itut$ ! mass at 8 la/ supp]1 :5 he took bread & bless$ & broke & gave to 8 disciples & said1 ,take ye & eat1 ?is is my body2 & tak+ ! *alice he gave ?anks1 & gave to !m say+1 ,dr9k ye all ( ?is3 ,= ?is is my blood ( ! new te/am5t1 :i* %all be %$ = _m unto remission ( s9s3 ,mat?4 ,,xxvi1 #bf4 ,9 ?is brief acc\nt are m5tion$ all ! ess5tial p>ts ( ! mass4 ,*ri/ comm&$ ! apo/les & ?r\gh !m _! successors to p]=m ! same holy rite 9 commemoration ( ,him1 & !y obey$ ,8 comm&s1 z we le>n f ! acts ( ! apo/les1 & ! fir/ epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,sid5ote3 ,its e>ly c]emonies4 ,gradually v>i\s pray]s & c]emonies 7 add$ to ! sacr$ words pron\nc$ by ,*ri/1 z ! ,apology ( ,/4 ,ju/91 ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,cyprian1 ! cate*etical disc\rses ( ,/4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem & o!r e>ly works prove4 ,! ,apo/les !mselves _h add$ ! ,"l's pray]#c4 ,! liturgy h[ev] dur+ ! fir/ f\r c5turies1 z ,le ,brun ma9ta9s#d1 or1 accord+ to ,muratori foll[$ by ,palm]1 ! fir/ ?ree c5turies1 0 n writt51 b 0 pres]v$ by oral tradition1 accord+ to ! receiv$ practice ( ! e>ly *ur*1 :i*1 unwill+ to give :at is holy to dogs1 or to ca/ pe>ls be=e sw9e conceal$ f all p]sons1 except ! fai?ful1 ! my/]ies ( fai?4 ,x w\ld seem f ,/4 ,ju/9's apology1 t mu* 0 left to ! p>ticul> devotion ( ! bi%op or prie/ :o (f]$ mass1 & h5ce we might expect n to f9d 9 ! e>lie/ liturgies great uni=mity1 except 9 ess5tials & g5]al outl9e4 ,yet ,le ,brun has endeav\r$ to re/ore1 f ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 ! liturgy us$ 9 ! fir/ f\r c5turies3 & x conta9s ! mo/ important pray]s & c]emonies ( ! mass 9 its m mod]n =m4 ,sid5ote3 ,discipl9e ( secrecy4 ,we %all s (t5 h to recur to ! discipl9e ( secrecy allud$ to above1 t we consid] x necess>y to speak ( x briefly1 be=e we proce$ fur!r4 ,! ,py?agoreans1 ! ,/oics1 ,plato1 ! ,epicureans & o!r anci5t philosoph]s conceal$ _! doctr9es f ! un9itiat$3 ! my/]ies also ( ,osiris1 ,isis1 ,bac*us1 ,c]es1 ,cybele etc4 7 c>efully kept secret4 ,!re 0 no novelty !re=e = ! anci5ts 9 ! discipl9e ( secrecy1 ! in/itution ( :i* 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* is attribut$ by _m fa!rs to ,*ri/ himself1 :o direct$ t 8 disciples %\ld n give :at is holy to dogs1 or ca/ pe>ls be=e sw9e4 ,matt4 ,,vii1 #f4 ,?is injunction 0 obs]v$ by ! :ole *ur* f ! apo/olic age till ! fif? c5tury 9 ! ea/1 & ! six? c5tury 9 ! we/3 x ext5d$ to dogmas z well z rites1 & 9 p>ticul> to ^? ( ! holy ,tr9ity & ! sacram5ts1 especially ! bless$ ,eu*>i/#e4 ,= ^? ?+s says ,/4 ,cyril ( ,alex&ria are g5]ally d]id$1 :i* are n und]/ood adv4 ,julianum4 ,! pagans1 at ! in/igation1 x w\ld appe>1 ( ! ,jews & e>ly h]etics1 avail$ !mselves ( ?is secret discipl9e to *>ge ! ,*ri/ians ) ! dete/able crimes ( ,o$ipus & ,?ye/es1 pret5d+ t 9 _! secret assemblies !y murd]$ an infant cov]$ ) fl\r1 & drank 8 blood4 7,cecilius ap4 ,m9ut4 ,fel47 ,x 0 solely ) ! view ( refut+ ^! calumnies1 t ,ju/9 ,m>tyr expla9$1 9 8 apology address$ to ,anton9us ,pius1 ! ca?olic doctr9e ( ! eu*>i/4 ,s4 ,bl&9a on ! contr>y endur$ ! mo/ cruel torm5ts r ?an reveal x1 ?\gh its pr(ession w\ld h confut$ ! same odi\s calumnies2 & ,s4 ,augu/9e obs]ves a simil> res]ve :5 answ]+ ! pagan ,maximus ,madaur5sis4 ,:o says ! prote/ant ,casaubon is s little v]s$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! fa!rs1 z to be ignorant ( ! =mul>y us$ pr9cipally ( ! sacram5ts1 ! initiat$ und]/& :at is said3 x occurs at lea/ fifty times 9 ,*ryso/om1 & almo/ z frequ5tly 9 ,augu/9e4 ,s4 ,fulg5tius ins]ts 9 8 answ] to ! deacon ,f]r&us ! foll[+ words ( ,s4 ,augu/9e to ! neophytes ,?is :i* y see on ! alt> ( ,god y saw la/ night3 b :at x 01 :at x meant1 & ( :at a great ?+ x conta9s ! sacram5t1 y h n yet he>d4 ,:at !re=e y see is bread & ! *alice4 ,:at y\r fai? dem&s is1 t ! bread is ! body ( ,*ri/1 & ! *alice conta9s ! blood ( ,*ri/4 ,s4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem 9 8 cate*etical disc\rses address$ to ! newly baptis$ inculcates 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms ! doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce1 b *>ges !m mo/ /rictly n to communicate to ! cate*um5s 8 in/ructions4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is practice ! e>ly fa!rs (t5 speak obscurely ( ! ,b4 ,sacram5t1 & call x bread & w9e & f]m5tum aft] ! consecration1 ?\gh !y cle>ly tea* ! fai?ful ! doctr9e ( ! real pres5ce#f4 ,sid5ote3 ,liturgy ( ! ,roman *ur*4 ,pope ,innoc5t ,i1 writ+ to ,dec5tius at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury1 attributes ! liturgy ( ! ,roman *ur* to ,/4 ,pet]4 ,x 0 fir/ writt5 9 ! fif? c5tury2 & ,pope ,vigilius s5d+ x 9 #ech to ,pr(uturus d]ives x f ,apo/olic tradition4 ,! mo/ anci5t sacram5t>y or liturgical "w extant ( ! ,roman *ur* is t ( ,gelasius :o 0 ,pope f #dib to #difg4 ,he collect$ pray]s compos$ by m anci5t au?ors1 & also compos$ "s himself3 & ?is ,gelasian compilation 0 re=m$ by ,gregory ! ,great & r$uc$ to "o volume#h1 :i* may be consid]$ z ! prototype ( our pres5t liturgy4 ,! canon or mo/ solemn "p ( ! mass has be5 pres]v$ inviolate ev] s9ce1 z appe>s f ! ,ord9es ,romani writt5 %ortly aft] ! "t ( ,s4 ,gregory1 & also f ! explanations ( x writt5 by ,florus & ,amal>ius4 ,?is canon z well z ! ord] ( pray] are ! same z ^? ( ,gelasius1 z ,palm] obs]ves 7,orig4 liturg4 vol4 #a1 p4 #aai17 & are also ne>ly id5tical ) ^? ( ! sacram5t>y ( ,s4 ,leo4 ,! ,ambrosian & ,african liturgies also 7 evid5tly d]iv$ at a v remote p]iod f t ( ,rome4 ,f su* consid]ations z ^! ,mr4 ,palm] proves ! v anci5t or apo/olical orig9 ( ! ma9 ord]1 ! sub/ance ( ! ,roman liturgy4 ,orig9es liturg4 vol4 ,i1 sect4 ,,vi4 ,! au?or ( ! canon is unkn[n2 yet we "k ! au?ors ( "s additions to ! canon4 ,?us ,s4 ,leo ,i add$ sanctum sacrificium immaculatam ho/iam1 ,s4 ,gregory ,i1 diesque no/ros 9 tua pace disponas4 ,sid5ote3 ,review ( ! c]emonies ( ! mass4 ,sid5ote3 ,mass ( ! cate*um5s1 ambones1 s]mons4 ,we %all n exam9e m9utely all ! pray]s & c]emonies ( ! mass1 or /op to enquire at :at "t & by :at pope ea* ( !m 0 fir/ introduc$1 le/ we %\ld we>y ! pati5ce ( our read]s#i2 b we %all cont5t ourselves ) a g5]al review ( ! mass1 z x is n[ celebrat$4 ,we may divide x1 z ! anci5ts did1 into two p>ts1 ! mass ( ! cate*um5s1 & ! mass ( ! fai?ful4 ,! fir/ "p includes ! prep>ation & confession ( s9s at ! foot ( ! alt>1 ! introit or an!m & "p ( a psalm sung at ! entrance into *ur*1 ! ,kyrie eleison or petition = m]cy1 ! ,gloria 9 excelsis or hymn ( praise 7bo? ( great antiquity1 z ,palm] foll[+ our ca?olic div9es has %ewn7 ! collect or collects s call$ f _! be+ said :5 ! p are collect$ toge!r1 ! epi/le & gospel1 & also ! v]ses1 said or sung betwe5 !m bo?1 call$ ! ,gradual#aj3 if sung by "o voice1 x is call$ ! ,tract2 if by *oir1 ! ,responsory4 ,! collects & o!r pray]s are said ) ! arms ext5d$ 9 ! same mann] z _m figures are repres5t$ pray+ on old *ri/ian z well z pagan monum5ts4 ,aft] ! gospel ! s]mon us$ to be prea*$1 z x g5]ally is 9 our times#aa & aft] ! s]mon ,pagans1 ,jews1 h]etics1 s*ismatics1 en]gum5s1 public p5it5ts & cate*um5s 7 dismiss$ by ! deacon2 = ! fai?ful alone 7 all[$ to be pres5t at ! celebration ( ! sacr$ my/]ies1 9 con=mity to ! discipl9e ( secrecy4 ,t "p ( mass1 :i* we h describ$ 0 call$ ! mass ( ! cate*um5s1 because ^! 7 all[$ to be pres5t at x4 ,sid5ote3 ,mass ( ! fai?ful1 bless$ wat]4 ,f ! missio1 missa1 or dismissal ann\nc$ by ! deacon to ! p be=e & aft] ! mass ( ! fai?ful1 ! t]m missa or mass is d]iv$4 ,x 0 9 use 9 ! e>ly ages2 = x is f\nd n only 9 ! epi/le to ! bi%op ( ,vi5ne attribut$ to ,pope ,pius ,i1 & 9 t ( ,pope ,cornelius to ,lupic9us3 b ,s4 ,ambrose also says ,i cont9u$ my duty1 & began to celebrate mass & 9 ano!r place he exhorts ! p to he> mass daily#ab4 ,:5 ! *ur* _h be5 cle>$ ( all except ! fai?ful1 ! second "p ( our mass1 or ! mass ( ! fai?ful1 began ) ! ,nic5e symbol or cre$4 ,!n foll[$ ! (f]tory1 or "p ( a psalm sung anci5tly :ile ! p made _! (f]+s to ! *ur*1 p>ticul>ly ( bread & w9e#ac4 ,! prie/ (f]s to ,god ! bread1 & w9e mix$ accord+ to apo/olic tradition#ad ) a little wat]1 :i* our ,savi\r is believ$ to h mix$ ) ! w9e at ! la/ supp]2 he implores ,god's bless+ on ^! (f]+s1 & wa%es 8 h&s 9 tok5 ( ! purity ( s\l#ae ) :i* ! sacr$ my/]ies %\ld be approa*$1 & at high mass = ! sake ( outw>d cleanl9ess also1 on acc\nt ( ! inc5se :i* he has us$4 ,hav+ commemorat$ ! passion1 resurrection1 & asc5sion ( ,*ri/1 z he does also aft] ! consecration1 he calls on ^? pres5t to jo9 him 9 pray]1 he says ano!r pray] or pray]s call$ ! secret1 because said 9 secret1 & !n recites ! preface to ! canon1 a pray] 9 :i* he unites ) ! cele/ial spirits 9 praise & ?anksgiv+ z ,*ri/ himself gave ?anks at ! la/ supp]3 x concludes ) ! ,t]sanctus or ,trisagion ,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy etc4 :i*1 z ,palm] obs]ves1 has be5 probably us$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian liturgy ( ! ea/ & we/ s9ce ! ages ( ! apo/les4 ,v4 #b4 p4 #bai4 ,sid5ote3 ,pray]s = ! dead4 ,! canon ( ! mass next foll[s1 :i* z well z _m ( ! prec$+ & foll[+ pray]s is said 9 a l[ voice1 accord+ to ! anci5t cu/om allud$ to by ,innoc5t ,i1 ,s4 ,augu/9e1 ,orig51 & o!r ,fa!rs#af4 ,9 x ! prie/ prays = ! *ur*1 ! ,pope1 ! bi%op ( ! place1 ! liv+ & ! dead#ag he rev]es ! memory ( ! ,b4 ,virg91 ! ,m>tyrs & o!r ,sa9ts#ah1 & hav+ once m implor$ ! bless+ ( ,god1 & spread 8 h&s ov] ! victim1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! ,jews1 he pron\nces ov] ! bread & w9e ! words ( consecration accord+ to ! comm& ( ,*ri/1 & adores & raises = ! adoration ( ! p ! body & blood ( our ,div9e ,"l4 ,x is 9 ?is consecration t ! sacrifice ( ! mass pr9cipally consi/s2 z by x ! victim is plac$ on ! alt>1 & (f]$ to ,god1 viz4 ,*ri/ himself1 repres5t$ z dead by ! sep>ate consecration ( ! bread & w9e1 z if ,8 blood 7 sep>at$ f ,8 body4 ,aft] "s o!r pray]s1 9 :i* ! prie/ (f]s to ,god ! holy sacrifice1 & prays = m]cy & salvation = all pres5t1 he elevates ! ho/ & *alice toge!r2 ?is 0 ! anci5t elevation1 z ! m solemn "o1 :i* foll[s imm$iately aft] ! consecration1 0 introduc$ g5]ally 9 ! #ab? c5tury1 9 opposition to ! h]esy ( ,b]5g>ius4 ,!n conclud+ ! canon ! prie/ recites ! ,our ,fa!r1 & breaks ! ho/1 z ,*ri/ broke ! bread1 & z ,8 body 0 brok5 = u#ai2 he puts a p>ticle ( ! ho/ into ! *alice#bj2 he implores m]cy & peace f ! lamb ( ,god1 at solemn masses gives ! kiss ( peace accord+ to ! recomm5dation ( scripture1 & receives ! two ablutions ( ! *alice1 "o ( w9e1 ! o!r ( w9e & wat]1 le/ any portion ( ! sacr$ blood %\ld rema9 9 x3 he recites ! communion or an!m1 :i* 0 orig9ally sung :ile ! holy communion 0 di/ribut$2 he says ! pray] or pray]s call$ po/communion1 dismisses & begs ,god's bless+ on ! p1 9 f9e he recites ! beg9n+ ( ,/4 ,john's gospel or "s o!r gospel appropriate to ! day4 ,we %all on o!r occasions recur to v>i\s c]emonies ( ! mass#ba4 ,sid5ote3 ,lat9 ! language ( ! liturgy4 ,! language ( our liturgy has desc5d$ to u z a preci\s legacy f ! "t :5 ,pet] & ,paul prea*$ 9 ,rome4 ,x w\ld be incongru\s t our anci5t hi]>*y rob$ 9 anci5t ve/m5ts %\ld p]=m our anci5t liturgy 9 a mod]ne language4 ,z 9 all p>ts ( ! globe !re are memb]s ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*1 %e has wisely pres]v$ 9 h] liturgy a language common to all c\ntries1 ! language too ( maje/y1 civilisation & sci5ce1 z ,de ,mai/re obs]ves4 ,l h] div9e f\nd] %e is ! same ye/]day & to-day3 l ! rock1 on :i* %e is built1 %e is pro( aga9/ ! w9ds & waves2 %e is un*ang$ & unaffect$ by ! wayw>d caprices ( fa%ion4 ,translations ( h] liturgy are publi%$ = ! use ( ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) ,lat9 s t !y may ei!r jo9 9 recit+ ! pray]s ( ! *ur*1 or say o!rs :i* _! own devotion may sugge/4 ,hav+ describ$ ! c]emonies ( l[-mass1 we %all subjo9 a brief acc\nt ( ^? cu/om>y at high-mass :5 celebrat$ 9 ! papal *apel3 we %all ?us avoid unnecess>y repetitions 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! mass is said by all p]sons )9 ! sanctu>y3 & ! ,pope recites x be=e ! alt> ) ! celebrant4 ,z ,8 ,hol9ess is ! ecclesia/ical sup]ior ( ! latt]1 & is habit$ 9 8 sacr$ ve/m5ts1 _m b5$ictions are1 accord+ to a g5]al rubric1 res]v$ to ,him1 :i* are o!rwise giv5 by ! p]son :o s+s mass4 ,?us ,he blesses n only ! inc5se1 ! wat] at ! (f]tory1 ! subdeacon & deacon1 ! prea*]1 :5 !re is a s]mon1 & ! p aft] ! s]mon & at ! end ( mass1 b also ! ,c>d9als on sev]al occasions1 & ! celebrant himself be=e he (f]s up mass4 ,= )\t contradiction 7says ,/4 ,paul7 t :i* is less is bless$ by ! bett]4 ,hebr4 ,,vii1 #g4 ,he also1 & n ! celebrant1 kisses ! book ( ! ,gospel4 ,! fir/ c>d9al prie/ pres5t h&s to ,him ! inc5se1 & also inc5ses him1 kneel+ d[n if ! ,pope be seat$ at ! "t1 & /&+ if ! ,pope /&s#bb1 & !re=e1 he is seat$ ne> ! ,pope dur+ "p ( ! ,mass1 t he may be ready :5 8 s]vices are requir$4 ,inc5se is us$1 z is cu/om>y at high masses1 be=e ! introit1 at ! ,gospel1 aft] ! (f]tory & dur+ ! elevation4 ,be=e ! introit ! crucifix1 ! alt>#bc1 ! celebrant & ! ,pope are successively inc5s$4 ,be=e ! deacon s+s ! gospel he inc5ses ! book2 & aft] x ! ,pope is once m inc5s$ by ! fir/ c>d9al prie/4 ,aft] ! (f]tory1 besides ! bread & w9e1 ! crucifix1 ! alt>1 ! celebrant & ! ,pope1 ! ,c>d9als & ! fir/ 9 rank among ! prelates & o!r p]sonages are inc5s$ by ! deacon4 ,at ! elevation ! bless$ ,sacram5t alone is inc5s$4#bd ,:5 ! ,pope reads f ! missal1 ?is book is held by ! fir/1 & a tap] by ! second1 patri>* or assi/+ bi%op#be4 ,! ,kyrie eleison1 ! ,gloria 9 excelsis1 ,cr$o1 ,sanctus & ,agnus ,dei are said by all p]sons )9 ! sanctu>y3 ! c>d9als desc5d f _! seats to say !m1 & =m a circle 9 ! middle ( ! *apel2 hav+ receiv$ ! ,pope's bless+ !y return to _! places4 ,aft] ! ,sanctus1 ! ,pope goes be=e ! middle ( ! alt> foll[$ by ! assi/ant bi%ops & o!rs ( ,8 tra9's & all kneel till ! elevation is end$4 ,aft] ! ,agnus ,dei1 ! fir/ ,c>d4 prie/ goes up to ! alt>1 kisses x1 & receives f ! celebrant ! kiss ( peace3 ?is he gives to ! ,pope1 f :om ! two fir/ ,c>d4 deacons receive x4 ,! ,c>d4 prie/ !n returns to 8 place1 & gives ! kiss ( peace to ! prie/ :o assi/s ! celebrant2 f him ! fir/ ( ! o!r c>d9als & pr9cipal prelates receive x & communicate x to _! colleagues4 ,! assi/ant prie/ !n gives x to ! ma/] ( c]emonies1 :o has accompani$ him1 f :om ! o!r colleges ( prelates receive x & 9 f9e 7if "t p]mit7 to ! deacon1 f :om x passes to o!rs :o assi/ at ! alt>4 ,:5 ! pope gives ,8 bless+1 ! cross is held be=e ,him by ! la/ auditor ( ! rota1 & ,8 ve/m5t by ! fir/ proton>y4 ,su* are ! c]emonies g5]ally obs]v$ at high mass 9 ! papal *apel1 except at masses = ! dead1 :5 "s ( !m1 & 9 p>ticul> ^? ( inc5s+ 7except at ! (f]tory & elevation7 & ( ! kiss ( peace1 are omitt$4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5tim5ts ( ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om4 ,we %all conclude ) ! words ( a holy & eloqu5t bi%op ( ,co/ant9ople ( ! #d? c5tury1 ,:5 ?\ see/ ! ,"l immolat$ & plac$ !re1 & ! prie/ engag$ 9 ! sacrifice & pray+1 & all pres5t empurpl$ ) preci\s blood1 do/ ?\ ?9k t ?\ art among m51 & art /&+ on ! e>?8 & n r t ?\ art in/antane\sly transf]r$ to heav51 :]e ca/+ out ( ?y s\l e fle%ly ?\ght ?\ looke/ ar\nd on heav5ly ?+s4 ,o miracle6 ,o ! love ( ,god = man6 ,he1 :o sits above ) ! ,fa!r1 is at ! same "t held 9 ! h&s ( all1 & gives himself to ^? :o wi% to receive & embrace him4 ,wi%e/ ?\ to see ! excell5ce ( ?is hol9ess f ano!r miracle8 ,depict be=e ?y eyes ,elias & an innum]able multitude surr\nd+ him1 & ! victim plac$ on ! /ones2 all ! o!rs 9 pr(\nd sil5ce1 & ! prophet alone pray+2 !n sudd5ly fire ru%+ f heav5 on ! sacrifice4 ,^! ?+s are a/oni%+ & replete ) wond]4 ,!n transf] ?yself !nce to ! ?+s n[ effect$1 & ?\ wilt f9d !m n only wond]ful1 b surpass+ all a/oni%m5t4 ,= "h ! prie/ be>s n fire1 b ! holy ,gho/2 he p\rs out long supplications1 n t fire desc5d+ f above may consume ! (f]+s1 b t grace fall+ on ! sacrifice may ?r\gh x inflame ! s\ls ( all & r5d] !m pur] ?an silv] purifi$ by fire4 ,?is mo/ dread rite !n :o1 t is n altoge!r insane & out ( 8 m9d1 %all be able to contemn8 ,art ?\ ignorant t no human s\l c\ld h su/a9$ ?is fire ( ! victim1 b all w\ld h totally p]i%$1 unless ! assi/ance ( div9e grace _h be5 abundant ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om1 ,de ,sac]dotio ,lib4 #c1 c4 ,,iv4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is situat$ ne> ! road lead+ f ,rome to ,civitavec*ia at ! di/ance ( ab\t #bg miles f ! =m] city4 ,its necropolis has lately enri*$ ! new ,gregorian museum ) "s ( its mo/ preci\s treasures1 consi/+ 9 gold ornam5ts ( ! p]son1 9 silv] & pa9t$ vases etc4 ( v anci5t & admirable execution4 ,see ,nibby1 ,analisi /orico-topografica etc4 z also ,grifi4 ,! ,etruscan & ,egyptian museums entitle ,8 pres5t ,hol9ess ,gregory ,,xvi to be rank$ ) _m ( ,8 pr$ecessors among ! greate/ & mo/ munific5t patrons & collectors ( anci5t monum5ts4 ,footnote #b3 ,if we comp>e ) ?is t]m o!rs ( simil> t]m9ation1 su* z sanctimonia f sanctus1 we %all f9d 9 !m a confirmation ( ! etymology giv5 above3 monia s]ves to =m ! sub/antive1 b does n o!rwise alt] ! mean+4 ,footnote #c3 ,s4 ,greg4 ,m4 lib4 ,,vii1 epi/4 #fd4 ,footnote #d3 ,see ,le ,brun1 ,explic4 ,missae ,t4 #b4 dis4 #a4 ,also ,r5audot4 ,!y h h[ev] be5 refut$ by ,assemani1 ,m>atori & ,zacc>ia4 ,footnote #e3 ,! ,pat] no/] is /ill said 9 secret1 except aft] ! canon ( ! ,mass1 because at t "p ( ! ,liturgy only ! fai?ful 7 pres5t4 ,see ,moroni's le>n$ "w entitl$1 ,dizion>io di erudizione ecclesia/ica4 ,footnote #f3 ,see ,s*el/ratius1 de ,discipl9a ,arcani1 or ,trev]n's answ] to ,fab]'s ,difficulties ( ,romanism3 also ,b+ham lib4 ,x1 c4 #e4 ,times are n[ s mu* alt]$ t x is difficult to conceive h[ ! ,res]ve 9 communicat+ ,religi\s k recomm5d$ 9 "o ( ! ,tracts = ! ,times c\ld be practicable1 ev5 if x 7 judg$ exp$i5t4 ,footnote #g3 ,x 0 fir/ publi%$ by ,b4 ,c>d4 ,tommasi f a v anci5t manuscript 9 ! que5 ( ,sw$5's libr>y4 ,cave1 ,mabillon1 ,muratori1 ,assemani & o!r em95t critics admit its au!nticity4 ,!re is h[ev] ano!r sacram5t>y p]haps m anci5t call$ ! ,leonian1 because x is attribut$ by ! le>n$ to ,leo ! great1 ,a4,d4 #dej4 ,x 0 fir/ publi%$ by ,bian*9i 9 ! #d? volume ( ,ana/asius ! libr>ian f a ,v]ona ,,ms4 writt5 #aajj ye>s ago4 ,footnote #h3 ,?is new ,gregorian sacram5t>y 0 c>ri$ to ,engl& by ,/4 ,augu/9 & ! o!r mission>ies4 ,mr4 ,palm] & aft] him ,mr4 ,fr\de 7,rema9s1 vol4 #bnd1 p4 #chg7 give a simil> acc\nt ( ! ,roman liturgy4 ,!y1 l ar*bi%op ,wake1 attribute ! orig9 ( ! ,roman1 ,ori5tal1 ,e?iopic & ,moz>abic liturgies to ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,james1 ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,john1 & obs]ve t all o!r liturgies are copi$ f "o or o!r ( ^!4 ,9 ea* ( ^! f\r orig9al liturgies ! eu*>i/ is reg>d$ z a my/]y & z a sacrifice p4 #cie3 !y all agree 9 ! pr9cipal c]emonies ( ! mass1 & all conta9 a pray] = ! re/ & peace ( all ^? :o h dep>t$ ?is life 9 ,god's fai? & fe> p4 #cic4 ,n[ x may be reasonably presum$1 says ar*bi%op ,wake t ^? passages :]e9 all ^! liturgies agree1 9 s5se at lea/1 if n 9 words1 7 fir/ prescrib$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! anci5t fa!rs4 ,see ,tracts = ! times1 no4 #fc4 ,footnote #i3 ,!y :o wi% = fur!r details may consult ,le ,brun1 ,c>d4 ,bona1 ,m>t5e1 ,gavant1 ,rock's ,hi]urgia etc4 ,footnote #aj3 ,because anci5tly sung f ! /eps ( ! ambo or pulpit1 accord+ to ,rabanus ,maurus an au?or ( ! #i? c5tury1 & o!rs4 ,9 ! anci5t *ur*es !re 7 g5]ally 9 ! *orus or *oir two ambones1 "o f :i* at solemn masses ! lector & at a lat] p]iod ! subdeacon us$ to s+ ! gospel1 ) 8 face usually turn$ t[>ds t side ( ! *ur*1 :]e ! m5 7 assembl$2 at ,rome ?is 0 g5]ally ! s\? side4 ,at l[ masses ! missal 0 remov$ f ! epi/le side ( ! alt> at ! beg9n+ ( ! (f]tory1 9 ord] to leave room = ! (f]+s1 accord+ to an ,ord9>ium ( ,monte ,cas9o ( ! ye> #aajj4 ,x has = a long "t be5 cu/om>y to remove x be=e ! gospel1 :i* ! prie/ recites turn$ t[>ds ! same direction z ! deacon at high mass4 ,my/ical mean+s 7 aft]w>ds assign$ = ?is removal ( ! book4 ,footnote #aa3 ,x is a/oni%+ h[ ,mr4 ,palm] c\ld ass]t t ,leo bi%op ( ,rome 9 ! fif? c5tury appe>s to h be5 ! only bi%op :o prea*$ 9 ! ,roman *ur* = _m ,footnote3 & x is said t none ( 8 successors until ! "t ( ,pius ! fif?1 five hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds1 imitat$ 8 example4 ,orig4 ,liturg4 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #ei4 ,b+ham ,i4 ,,iv1 c4 ,sec44#c4 ,mr4 ,palm] =got all ! homilies ( ,gregory ! great1 z well z ! *ronology ( ! ,popes4 ,! latt] might f9d 9 ! multiplicity & importance ( _! o!r occupations abundant motives = ab/a9+ f prea*+1 a duty to :i* s _m ( _! cl]gy d$icate !mselves4 ,t ! e>ly ,popes h[ev] prea*$ !re c be no d\bt1 al?\gh mo/ ( _! homilies1 if ev] writt51 h n rea*$ our "t4 ,n only ! example ( ,s4 ,pet] :o 7:atev] we may ?9k ( ! local tradition ( ,rocca ,s4 ,pietro above ,pale/r9a7 us$ c]ta9ly to prea*1 z ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les prove2 b ! g5]al cu/om ( o!r cities w\ld induce ! zeal\s ,bi%ops ( ,rome to exhort & enc\rage _! flock1 p>ticul>ly 9 "t ( p]secution2 & t at a lat] p]iod !y 7 n unaccu/om$ to prea* is evid5t f ! ,ordo ,romanus ( ,c>d4 ,gaetano publi%$ by ,mabillon & f a ,vatican ,,ms4 no4 #dbca1 p4 #aig2 bo? ^! docum5ts are quot$ by ,cancelli]i1 ,descriz4 delle ,cappelle etc4 p4 #cbh4 ,see pro(s t ! ,popes prea*$ drawn up 9 *ronological ord] 9 ,sala's notes to ,c>d4 ,bona1 lib4 #b4 c4 #g- ,footnote #ab3 ,s4 ,ambros4 ,ep4 #ac1 s]m4 #cd4 ,footnote #ac3 ,( ! anci5t (f]+s ! foll[+ ve/iges rema93 c&les are (f]$ by ! cl]gy at _! ord9ation1 bread & w9e by bi%ops at _! consecration1 *alices & tor*es by ! ,roman s5ate on p>ticul> fe/ivals1 & 9 f9e bread1 w9e1 wat]1 &1 till lately1 doves & o!r birds at ! canonisation ( ! ,sa9ts4 ,on ! anci5t (f]+s see ,cancelli]i1 de ,secret>ies1 t4 ,i1 p4 #aha4 ,footnote #ad3 ,?is cu/om prevail$ univ]sally 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* f ! e>lie/ p]iod ,palm] ,orig4 ,liturg4 vol4 #b1 p4 #ge4 ,footnote #ae3 ,z ! anci5t ,roman h\ses _h an impluvium 9 ! mid/ ( ! atrium1 s 9 ! atria annex$ to ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es 0 "o or m f\nta9s 7,eus4 ,eccl4 ,hi/4 l4 ,x1 c4 #d7 & sometimes a well or ci/]n4 ,9 ^! ! fai?ful us$ to wa% _! h&s 7,t]tull4 ,de orat4 ,sec41 ,de lavat4 man47 ,?us 9 ! atrium ( ,/4 ,paul's basilica !re 0 a can?>us1 re/or$ by ,pope ,leo ,i1 ( :i* ! sa9t writes ?us to ,ennodius2 ,quisque suis m]itis v5]&a sacr>ia ,pauli ,+r$]is1 supplex ablue fonte manus4 ,! can?>us is m5tion$ by ,virgil ,eclog4 ,,vi1 #ba4 ,et gravis adtrita p5debat can?>us ansa4 ,a l>ge vessel ( ?is description may be se5 9 ! cortili ( ,s4 ,cecilia & ,,ss4 ,apo/oli at ,rome4 ,x us$ to be bless$ on ! vigil or fe/ival ( ! ,epiphany1 z x is n[ 9 ! ,greek & ev5 ! ,roman *ur*4 ,:5 *ur*es 7 built )\t atria1 a vessel ( bless$ wat] 0 plac$ inside ! *ur*3 9 "s ( ! old] *ur*es !re is ev5 a well4 ,see ,nibby1 ,diss]t4 sulla =ma1 etc4 delle anti*e *iese4 ,footnote #af3 ,see ,le ,brun tom4 ,,iv1 diss4 #ae4 ,sup] usu recit&i sil5tio missae p>tem etc4 ,?is cu/om 0 connect$ ) ! discipl9e ( secrecy4 ,! scripture itself does n m5tion :at words ,*ri/ us$1 :5 ,he gave ?anks1 be=e ,he pron\nc$ ! words ( consecration2 & ! e>ly *ur* imitat$ ?is res]ve4 ,anci5tly curta9s conceal$ ! alt>1 dur+ ! mo/ solemn "p ( mass1 z n[ 9 "s ,ori5tal *ur*es4 ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om 7,hom4 #c1 9 ,ep4 ad ,ephes47 m5tions ?is cu/om2 & traces ( x /ill rema9 at ,/4 ,clem5t's *ur* 9 ,rome4 ,footnote #ag3 ,see anci5t inscriptions f ! catacombs1 conta9+ pray]s = ! dead 9 ,bock's ,hi]urgia 7vol4 #b1 *4 #g71 also 9 ,annali delle ,sci5ze ,religiose1 ,luglio #ahci1 z also 9 ! well-kn[n works on ! catacombs4 ,b+ham admits t ! eu*>i/ic sacrifice 0 (f]$ = ,s4 ,augu/9e1 ,s4 ,monica1 ! emp]ors ,con/ant9e & ,val5t9ian at _! fun]als4 7,s4 ,ambrose pray$ = ,val5t9ian ,gratian & ,!odosius47 ,9 ! communion s]vice says he accord+ to ! cu/om ( ^? times1 a solemn commemoration 0 made ( ! dead 9 g5]al1 & pray]s 7 (f]$ to ,god = !m4 ,b+ham1 ,antiq4 l4 #bc1 c4 #b4 ,! cu/om ( pray+ & (f]+ up sacrifice = ! fai?ful dep>t$ mo/ evid5tly appe>s to h prevail$ 9 ! *ur* ev5 f ! "t ( ! apo/les1 says ! ,prote/ant bi%op ,milles1 ,op]a ,s4 ,cyrilli4 p4 #big4 ,9 primitive times says ,palm] ^! commemorations 79 ! mass7 7 accompani$ by pray]s = ! dep>t$4 ,orig94 ,liturg4 vol4 #b1 p4 #id4 ,) ^! ,prote/ant admissions be=e u & _m o!rs collect$ 9 ! ,annali delle ,sci5ze ,relig4 ,luglio #ahci1 we op9e t ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,breeks ought to h be5 solicit\s = 8 own s\l r ?an = t ( ,mrs4 ,wolfrey1 ^: inscription 0 dictat$ by ! _s ( primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,! foll[+ is ! inscription on ,?orndike's tomb at ,we/m9/] ,tu lector1 requiem ei et beatam 9 ,xto resurrectionem prec>e4 ,on ,bp4 ,b>r['s tomb at ,s4 ,asaph's ,o vos transeuntes 9 domum ,dom9i1 domum orationis1 orate pro cons]vo ve/ro ut inv5iat requiem 9 die ,dom9i4 ,bo? 7 writt5 by _! own direction3 o!r ,prote/ant te/imonies may be se5 ap4 ,srett4 o4 #dfb4 ,footnote #ah3 ,pope ,vigilius 7,a4,d4 #ech47 9 8 epi/le to ,pr(uturus1 bi%op ( ,braga 9 ,spa91 says1 t ! canon nev] v>i$1 b t on p>ticul> fe/ivals we make commemoration ( ! holy solemnity1 or ( ^? sa9ts ^: nativities we celebrate4 ,footnote #ai3 ,! bread :i* we break is x n ! communion ( ! body ( ,*ri/4 #a ,cor4 ,x1 #af4 ,footnote #bj3 ,?is cu/om we may consid] ) ,palm] z a memorial ( an anci5t mode ( communicat+ "u bo? k9ds unit$1 :i* is /ill obs]v$ 9 ! ori5tal *ur*es3 ,vol4 #b1 p4 #adf2 or ) ,le ,brim z a record ( ! practice ( s5d+ ! p>ticle to ! prie/s ( titul> *ur*es1 ,t4 #d4 ,micrologus & o!rs consid] ?is mixture z a repres5tation ( ,*ri/'s resurrection4 ,x is v anci5t1 z ,sala %ews4 ,footnote #ba3 ,/4 ,paul calls ! ,eu*>i/ #a ,cor4 ,x1 #af ! cup ( bless+ :i* we bless4 ,?is incid5tal in=mation v\*saf$ to u 9 scripture1 %\ld lead u to be v cauti\s h[ we put aside o!r usages ( ! e>ly *ur* conc]n+ ?is sacram5t1 :i* d n happ5 to be cle>ly m5tion$ 9 scripture4 ,tracts = ! ,times1 ,vol4 #a1 no4 #cd4 ,! ,mass 9 ,cranm]'s ,=m ( pray] & adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5ts1 :i* 0 decl>$ by act ( ,p>liam5t agreable to ! ^w ( ,god & ! primitive *ur* diff]s b little f ! ,roman mass above describ$4 ,see ,pug9's ,lett] on ! propos$ ,prote/ant ,memorial4 ,london #ahci4 ,footnote #bb3 ,macri 9 8 ,hi]olexicon says1 t ! ,c>d9al kneels1 to inc5se ! ,pope :5 seat$1 f respect to 8 catt$ra or *air1 :i* is ! fir/ see 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,o!rs say f respect to 8 temporal sov]eignty1 ! ar*bi%ops ( ,milan are inc5s$ ) ! same =mality4 ,?is cu/om is m5tion$ 9 ! #ac? c5tury by ,c>d4 ,giaconio ,gaetano4 ,ordo ,romanus ,sec4 #aab4 ,a c]ta9 love ( proportion may h _h its %>e 9 ! orig9 ( ?is c]emony1 by :i* ! same relative height is pres]v$ betwe5 ! ,pope & ! ,c>d9al 9 all cases 9 :i* ! =m] is inc5s$4 ,?us also ! assi/ant ,bi%op1 :o holds ! ,missal = ! ,pope1 kneels :5 ,he is seat$1 & /&s :5 ,he /&s4 ,we kneel to ! ,pope to receive 8 bless+1 z we d to bi%ops & ev5 prie/s2 we also kneel f respect to 8 exalt$ dignity1 n only z sov]eign1 b also z head ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,briti% pe]s kneel ev5 to ! empty ?rone ( _! sov]eign4 ,kneel+ is a v anci5t tok5 ( pr(\nd respect2 x 0 paid to ,joseph 9 ,egypt1 ,g54 ,,xli1 #dc2 to ,elias1 #d ,k+s ,i1 #ac etc4 ,footnote #bc3 ,o t an angel says ,/4 ,ambrose1 w\ld appe> to u also1 :5 inc5s+ ! alt>1 & (f]+ sacrifice4 ,expl4 94 ,luc4 l4 #a1 c4 #be1 n4 #i4 ,footnote #bd3 ,inc5se is1 z we %all see 9 c4 #b2 an emblem ( pray]1 & 9 ?is s5se x is (f]$ to ! ,b4 ,sacram5t1 to ,*ri/ repres5t$ by ! crucifix1 & ador$ on ! alt>4 ,! gospel is inc5s$ to signify ! sweet od\r :i* x communicates to our s\ls2 & ! m9i/]s ( ,god1 to signify1 accord+ to ,/4 ,?omas1 t ,god make? manife/ ! od\r ( 8 k by u 9 e place3 ,= we are unto ,god ! good od\r ( ,*ri/ 9 !m :o are sav$1 & 9 !m :o p]i%4 #b ,cor4 ,,ii1 #ad1 #ae4 ,9 f9e ! bread & w9e (f]$ to ,god are inc5s$ to signify ! spices ) :i* ! body ( ,*ri/ 0 embalm$ 9 ! tomb2 su* at lea/ is ! explanation giv5 9 ! ,liturgy ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om2 & x is f ! ori5tal *ur*es t ! ,lat9 *ur* has tak5 ?is la/ practice4 ,inc5se is a tok5 ( respect 9 ^! & o!r cases4 ,footnote #be3 ,a tap] ) a /&1 call$ a bugia1 is held at div9e s]vice = p]sons 9 ecclesia/ical dignity1 z a sign ( di/9ction1 & to ?r[ additional light on ! book f :i* !y read4 ,! tap] held = ! ,pope at ! cappelle has no /&1 & is enk9dl$ f a light conceal$ )9 ! desk1 on :i* ! assi/ant ,bi%op places ! missal4 ,?is is a memorial ( an anci5t mona/ic cu/om m5tion$ by ,m>t5e ,lib4 #a1 ,de rit4 ,eccl4 p4 #bgg1 #bcb4 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,,on ,,! ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,palm-,,sunday ,,cont5ts4 ,"p #a4 ,introductory4 ,my/]ies & devotion ( holy-week--,palm-,sunday1 entry ( ,*ri/ into ,j]usalem--( ,julius ,,ii into ,rome--,sixtus ,v & ,capta9 ,bresca--triumphant return ( ,pius ,,vii to ,rome1 contra/$ ) anci5t ,roman triumphs4 ,"p #b4 ,descriptive1 ,palm-sunday--lights us$ at mass etc4--ve/m5ts--ubbidi5za1 bless+ ( ! palms1 b5$ictions1 holy wat]1 inc5se--di/ribution ( ! palms--ord] 9 :i* ! prelates & o!rs receive !m--solemn procession ) palms1 s$ia ge/atoria--c]emonies peculi> to ?is procession--its antiquity--,high mass1 its peculi> c]emonies on palm-sunday--,passio--,c>d9al great ,p5it5ti>y at ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's4 ,hosanna to ! son ( ,david3 bless$ is he t come? 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 ,hosanna 9 ! highe/4 ,matt4 ,,xxi1 #i4 ,sid5ote3 ,p4 ,i4 ,holy-week ,! suff]+s & dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ are ! my/]ies :i* ! ca?olic *ur* commemorates dur+ holy week4 ,on ^! days says ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om 79 ,ps4 ,,cxciv7 0 ! tyranny ( ! devil ov]?r[n1 s9 & its curse 7 tak5 away1 heav5 0 op5$ & made accessible4 ,x 0 !n becom+ t *ri/ians %\ld consecrate ^! days ( m]cy1 ( grace & salvation to ex]cises ( p5ance1 devotion1 & ?anksgiv+4 ,! impos+ liturgy ( ! ,roman *ur* is at ?is season m ?an usually solemn2 & x is our task to describe1 & endeav\r to trace to _! orig91 its v>i$ c]emonies4 ,sid5ote3 ,palm-,sunday1 ,*ri/'s entry into ,j]usalem4 ,palm-sunday is s call$ f ! commemoration ( our bless$ ,savi\r's entry into ,j]usalem1 :51 accord+ to ,/4 ,john 7,,xii1 #ac7 a great multitude took bran*es ( palm-trees1 & w5t =? to meet him1 & cri$3 ,hosanna1 bless$ is he t come? 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4 ,?us :5 ,simon ,maccabee subdu$ ,j]usalem1 he ent]$ x ) ?anksgiv+ & bran*es ( palm-trees1 & h>ps1 & cymbals1 & hymns & canticles1 because ! great enemy 0 de/roy$ out ( ,israel4 #a ,macc4 ,,xiii4 ,! entry ( our div9e ,r$eem] !re=e 0 "o ( triumph3 b x 0 also ! entry ( a k+ into 8 capital3 = _m spread _! g>m5ts 9 ! way 7,m>k ,,xi1 #h71 z :5 ,jehu 0 elect$ k+1 7#d ,k+s ,,ix1 #ac71 ! ,israelites spread _! g>m5ts "u 8 feet4 ,?us also ,plut>* relates ( ,cato ( ,utica1 t ! soldi]s regrett+ ! expiration ( 8 au?ority ) _m te>s & embraces spread _! g>m5ts1 :]e he pass$ on foot4 ,pope ,julius ,,ii return+ to ,rome aft] ! siege ( ,mir&ola di/ribut$ palms to ! ,roman c\rt at ,s4 ,m>ia del ,popolo2 & !n rode 9 triumphal procession to ! ,vatican pass+ "u sev5 ar*es adorn$ ) repres5tations ( 8 extraord9>y & h]oic de$s#bf4 ,sid5ote3 ,sixtus ,v & ,capta9 ,bresca4 ,:5 ,sixtus ,v4 und]took to erect 9 ! ,piazza di ,san ,pietro ! pond]\s egyptian obelisk#bg1 :i* =m]ly adorn$ ,n]o's circus at ! ,vatican1 he =bade on pa9 ( dea? t any "o %\ld speak le/ ! att5tion ( ! workm5 %\ld be tak5 (f f _! ardu\s task4 ,a naval (fic] ( ,s4 ,remo1 :o happ5$ to be pres5t1 =esee+ t ! ropes w\ld take fire1 cri$ out acqua alle funi4 ,he 0 imm$iately arre/$ by ! ,swiss gu>ds1 z we see him repres5t$ 9 ! small fresco 9 ! ,vatican libr>y1 & 0 conduct$ be=e ! ,pontiff4 ,sixtus %ew$ t 8 sev]ity 0 bas$ on ju/ice2 = in/ead ( puni%+ ! transgressor ( 8 ord]s1 he (f]$ him ! *oice ( 8 own rew>d4 ,!y :o h obs]v$ ! great abundance ( palms :i* gr[ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,s4 ,remo1 on ! coa/ betwe5 ,nice & ,g5oa1 w n be surpris$ to he>1 t ! fir/ wi% ( ! gallant capta9 0 to enjoy ! privilege ( supply+ ! pontifical *apel ) palms4 ,! ,pope grant$ him ?is exclusive "r & x is /ill enjoy$ by "o ( 8 family4 ,sid5ote3 ,return ( ,pius ,,vii to ,rome4 ,:5 ! meek & b5evol5t ,pius ,,vii 0 return+ to ,rome f exile & captivity1 ,dr4 ,bresca1 "o ( ! capta9's desc5dants1 contriv$1 ?\gh n )\t great risk1 to convey to ,rome ! *oice/ palms ( ,s4 ,remo & ,bordigh]a4 ,at ! h\se ( 8 fri5d ,viale half a mile outside ! ,porta del ,popolo1 he assembl$ tw5ty five orfanelli dress$ 9 _! :ite cassocks1 & =ty-five v]g9elle4 ,:5 ! c>riage ( ! belov$ ,pontiff approa*$1 ?is d\ble *oir ( *ildr5 appe>$1 be>+ palms 9 _! h&s & s++ joy\s canticles ( b5$iction b ,i mu/ describe ?is lovely sc5e 9 ! melodi\s language ( ! s\?4 ,ciascuno di essi 7says ,cancelli]i7 recava 9 mano una di que/e palme di color d'oro altissime e cad5ti come tante vaghissime piume4 ,sei zitelle so/5evano de'galanti pani]i di fres*issimi fiori p5d5ti dal loro collo1 con na/ri bian*i e gialli1 relativi allo /5d>do ,pontificio4 ,qu9di tutti si s*i]>ono 9 buon ord9e sulle due ale delta /rada1 e m5tre le ragazze v]savano graziosam5te a mani pi5e da' loro cane/relli la v]zura ed i fiori1 quella selva ondeggiante di palme1 tributate al trionfo del ,s4 ,padre dal c&ore e dall' innoc5za1 sorprese con la novita di uno spettacolo1 *e non pote a m5o d'int5]ire1 e di muov]e tutti gli a/anti4 ,if we n[ look back = a mom5t to ! triumphs ( ! pagan emp]ors1 well may we bless ,god = ! *ange :i* ! religion ( ,*ri/ has wr\ght 9 ?is city4 ,aft] !y _h let loose w>1 & fam9e1 & pe/il5ce1 to prey ^u hapless nations1 !y asc5d$ ! ,capitol to (f] inc5se ) pollut$ h&s to _! pr(ane gods2 & meantime ! groans ( ! dy+ & unpiti$ pr9ces1 :om !y _h res]v$ to decorate _! triumph1 asc5d$ f ! scala ,gemonia to call d[n ! v5geance ( heav5 ^u _! oppressors4 ,b :ile ! pacific & holy vic> ( ,*ri/ returns 9 triumph to 8 capital1 ! lips ( babes & suckl+s s+ 8 praises1 z !y did ^? ( 8 ,div9e ,ma/]1 & he implores heav5 to %[] d[n b5$ictions on 8 enemies z well z 8 belov$ *ildr54 ,sid5ote3 ,p4 ,,ii ,papal *apel on palm-sunday4 ,sid5ote3 ,lights us$ at mass1 etc4 ,at ab\t #i o'clock on palm-sunday morn+ ! ,c>d9als1 ,prelates & o!rs assemble ne> ! *apel ( ! ,pieta at ,s4 ,pet]'s1 z at pres5t ! solemn s]vice takes place 9 t basilica1 & n z =m]ly 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel4 ,! crucifix ov] ! alt> is veil$1 9 tok5 ( ! m\rn+ ( ! *ur* ov] h] div9e sp\se's suff]+s#bh4 ,on ! alt> are six light$ c&les1 & o!r tor*es are br\ght 9 aft] ! ,sanctus ( ! ,mass1 & held till aft] ! elevation1 9 hon\r ( ! ,b4 ,sacram5t1 by f\r acoliti c](]>ii#bi4 ,sid5ote3 sacr$ ve/m5ts ,z ! pope is to bless & di/ribute ! palms1 & a solemn procession is to take place1 ! ,c>d9als put on _! sacr$ ve/m5ts1 viz4 all ( !m ! amice1 ! c>d9al bi%ops ! surplice & ! cope1 ! prie/s ! *asuble1 & ! deacons a *asuble %ort] 9 front ?an t ( ! prie/s4 ,! auditors ( ! ,rota1 ,*]ici di ,cam]a1 ,votanti1 & ,abbreviatori put on a cotta or supplice4 ,! bi%ops & mitr$ abbots we> ! cope1 & ! ,p5it5zi]i or confessors ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ! *asuble4 ,! copes ( ! c>d9al bi%ops are ornam5t$ ) a =male1 adorn$ ) ?ree l>ge bosses or projections ( pe>ls arrang$ 9 a p]p5dicul> l9e1 :ile ! ,pope's are 9 a triangul> ord]1 evid5tly allud+1 to ! bless$ ,tr9ity4 ,z ?is is a day ( m\rn+1 ! sacr$ ve/m5ts are purple4 ,sid5ote3 ubbidi5za4 ,?us attir$ & hold+ _! mitres ! ,c>d9als rema9 /&+ :ile ! ,pope is ve/$ by ! assi/ant ,c>d9al-deacons :o put on ,8 ,hol9ess ! amice1 alb1 girdle1 /ole1 r$ cope1 =male or clasp1 & mitre4 ,all !n move 9 procession t[>ds ! high-alt> 9 ! ord] obs]v$ 9 ! procession ( ! palms1 z describ$ bel[3#cj ! ,pope desc5ds f ,8 s$ia ge/atoria to adore ! ,holy ,sacram5t ) ! ,c>d9als etc4 ,! procession !n goes to ! high-alt>2 & hav+ pray$ = a %ort "t be=e x1 ! ,pope goes to ! ?rone1#ca & !re receives ! ubbidi5za or homage ( all ! c>d9als pres5t1 :o 9 turn kiss ,8 "r h& cov]$ ) ! cope4 ,?is c]emony :i* takes place at all solemn (fices1 except on good friday1 & at masses = ! dead1 be>s "s resemblance to ! old homage ( feudal times#cb4 ,sid5ote3 ,bless+ ( ! palms4 ,"s palms are arrang$ on ! alt>4 ,! ,pope's *ief ,sacri/an1 :o is a bi%op *os5 f ! ,augu/9ian ord] be>s "o1 & kneels on ! /eps ( ! ?rone betwe5 ! deacon & subdeacon1 :o be> two l>g] palms4 ,8 ,hol9ess reads ! usual pray]s ov] ! palms1 spr9kles !m ) holy wat]1 & inc5ses !m ?ree times4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/ribution ( ! palms4 ,:5 ! palms h be5 bless$#cc1 ! ,c>d9al ,dean receives f ! gov]nor ( ,rome & pres5ts to ! ,pope ^? ?ree palms1 :i* 7 borne by ,m4 ,sagri/a1 ! deacon & subdeacon4 ,"o ( ^! is held dur+ ! s]vice by ! pr9ce assi/ant at ! ?rone1 ! o!r two are deliv]$ to ! c>e ( ,m4 ,coppi]e1 "o ( ! ,cam]i]i segreti p>tecipanti3 ! %orte/ is c>ri$ by ! ,pope 9 ! procession4 ,an embroid]$ apron is n[ plac$ ov] ! ,pope's knees1 & ! c>d9als 9 turn receive a palm f ,him1 kiss+ ! palm1 8 "r h& & knee4 ,! bi%ops pres5t kiss ! palm :i* !y receive & 8 "r knee3 & ! mitr$ abbots & ,p5it5zi]i kiss ! palm & 8 foot#cd1 z d all :o come aft] !m 9 ! foll[+ ord]1 :i* is obs]v$ also on good-friday at ! kiss+ ( ! cross1 & x is also on c&lemas-day & a%-w$nesday4 ,! ,gov]nor1 ! ,pr9ce assi/ant1 ! ,uditore della ,cam]a1 ! ,treasur]1 ! ,maggiordomo1 ! ,apo/olic protonot>ies2 ! ,g5]als ( ,religi\s ,ord]s1 ! ,cons]vatori & ,prior ( ! ,caporioni1 ! ,mae/ro del ,s4 ,ospizio1 ! ,uditori di ,rota1 ! ,mae/ro del ,s4 ,palazzo1 ! ,votanti di ,segnatura1 ! ,abbreviatori del ,p>co maggiore1 ! prie/1 deacon1 & subdeacon :o assi/ ! c>d9al :o is to celebrate mass1 ! ,ma/]s ( c]emonies1 ! ,cam]i]i segreti & d'onore1 ! ,consi/orial advocates1 ! ,cappellani segreti1 d'onore & comuni1 ! ,ajutanti di cam]a1 ! bussolanti1 ! ,procuratori g5]ali ( religi\s ord]s1 ! ,procuratori di ,collegio1 ! s+]s1 ! cl]ks ( ! papal *apel1 ! c>d9al's caudat>ii1 ! o/i>ii1 ! mace-be>]s1 "s /ud5ts ( ! ,g]man college1 & 9 f9e su* noblem5 & g5tlem5 z are admitt$ on ?is occasion to receive a palm f ,8 ,hol9ess1 :o is assi/$ z usual by two ,c>d4 deacons4 ,dur+ ! di/ribution ( ! palms1 ! an!ms ,pu]i ,hebraeorum etc4 are sung by ! *oir2 & :5 x is f9i%$1 ! ,pope wa%es ,8 h&s1 & says ! usual conclud+ pray]3 ! pr9ce /ation$ at ! ?rone br+s ! wat]1 & ! ,c>d9al ,dean pres5ts ! t[el to ,8 ,hol9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,solemn procession4 ,! ,pope !n puts inc5se into ! ?urible = ! procession1 & ! fir/ ,c>d4 ,deacon turn+ t[>ds ! p says accord+ to ! old =mula ,let u proce$ 9 peace3 ! *oir answ]s1 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/4 ,am5'4 ,! procession1 9 :i* ! bless$ palms are c>ri$1 moves r\nd ,s4 ,pet]'s1 9 ! foll[+ ord]1 :i* is obs]v$ also = ! mo/ "p on holy ?ursday & good friday4 ,! ,procuratori di ,collegio1#ce ,procuratori g5]ali1 ! ,bussolanti1 ! ,ajutanti di ,cam]a1 ,cappellani comuni & segreti1 ! ,consi/orial advocates1 ! ,cam]i]i d' onore1 & segreti1 ! s+]s1 ! ,abbreviatori1 ,votanti di ,segnatura1 ,*]ici di ,cam]a1 ,uditori di ,rota1 ! ,?urif]1 7,votante di ,segnatura71 ! ,subdeacon 7,uditore di ,rota7 :o c>ries ! cross ornam5t$ ) a small palm1 betwe5 two acoly!s 7,votanti di ,segnatura7 c>ry+ c&les1 ! ,p5it5zi]i1 ! mitr$ abbots1 bi%ops & ! ,c>d9al deacons1 prie/s & bi%ops all we>+ _! mitres4#cf ,! ,pope is prec$$ by _m (fic]s ( 8 gu>ds 7:o g to ! ?rone t[>ds ! end ( ! di/ribution ( palms71 ! ,mae/ro del ,s4 ,ospizio1 ! ,cons]vatori1 ,s5ator & ,gov]nor ( ,rome4 ,8 ,hol9ess is c>ri$ on 8 ,s$ia ge/atoria#cg "u a canopy support$ by #h ,ref]5d>ii 7prelates ( ! tribunal ( ,segnatura7 betwe5 ! flabelli c>ri$ by two ( ,8 ,cam]i]i4 ,he is foll[$ by ! dean ( ! ,rota 7^: duty x is to be> ,8 mitre7 betwe5 two cam]i]i segreti 7:o z well z two ,auditors ( ! ,rota be> ,8 tra9 :5 occasion requires71 by ! ,uditore della ,cam]a1 ! ,treasur]1 ,maggiordomo1 ,protonot>ies & ,g5]als ( religi\s ord]s4 ,dur+ ! procession ! *oir s+s ! an!m1 ,cum approp9qu>et etc4 ,:5 ! procession is 9 ! portico1 two soprano s+]s re5t] ! basilica1 & %ut ! door3 !n turn+ t[>ds ! door1 !y s+ ! fir/ v]se ( ! hymn ,gloria1 laus et honor#ch & ! o!r v]ses alt]nately ) ! *oir1 :i* rema9s )\t4 ,! subdeacon knocks at ! gate ) ! cross1 & x is imm$iately op5$2 ! procession returns into ! *ur*1 & ! *oir s+s ! conclud+ an!ms4 ,sid5ote3 its antiquity4 ,! solemn commemoration1 :i* we h describ$1 ( ,*ri/'s triumphant entry into ,j]usalem1 c\ld nev] h tak5 place dur+ times ( p]secution3 nor did x orig9ate imm$iately aft] ,con/ant9e _h ensur$ peace to ! *ur*4 ,m>t5e 7,de ant4 ,eccl4 ,rit4 lib4 ,,iv1 c4 #bj7 c\ld f9d no m5tion ( x be=e ! #h? or #i? c5tury1 :5 ,amal>ius says ,9 memory ( ?is we are accu/om$ to c>ry palm-bran*es1 & cry ,hosanna4 ,m]ati h[ev]1 9 8 notes to ,gavant1 consid]s t he has f\nd traces ( x 9 ! ,gregorian & ,gelasian sacram5t>ies1 & 9 a ,roman cal5d> ( ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury#ci & 8 op9ion is adopt$ by ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 ,! c]emonies ( ! *ur* ( ,j]usalem on ?is day 7 a /ill clos] imitation ( ! entry ( ,*ri/ into t city4 ,:5 ! procession is end$1 ! c>d9als1 bi%ops1 & mitr$ abbots take (f _! sacr$ ve/m5ts & ! prelates _! surplices1 & !y all resume _! respective cappe2 ! ,p5it5zi]i retire1 & mass is celebrat$ by a c>d9al ( ! ord] ( prie/s4 ,hav+ already giv5 an acc\nt n only ( l[ mass1 b also ( ! additional c]emonies ( high mass1 z celebrat$ 9 ! papal *apel1 we %all "h m5tion ^? only :i* are peculi> to palm-sunday4 ,at ^? words ( ! epi/le 7:i* is sung z usual by ! subdeacon71 9 ! "n ( ,jesus let e knee b[1 ! :ole assembly kneels to adore _! div9e ,r$eem]1 :o became ob$i5t unto dea? = our salvation4 ,! affect+ acc\nt ( ,8 suff]+s & dea? is !n sung by ?ree prie/s#dj belong+ to ! pontifical *oir1 & habit$ z deacons 9 alb & /ole4 ,! hi/ory itself is sung by a t5or voice1 ! words1 ( our ,savi\r by a bass1 & ^? ( any o!r s+le voice by a contralto1 call$ ! ancilla1 z he s+s ! words ( ! maid to ,s4 ,pet]3 ! *oir s+s ! words ( ! multitude#da4 ,! *ur*1 m\rn+ ov] ! suff]+s ( h] div9e ,sp\se1 does n all[ ! inc5se1 lights1 or ! b5$iction & salutation usual be=e ! gospel2 b ! palms are borne to signify ! triumphs consequ5t on ,8 dea? z !y are also f ! elevation till aft] ! communion4 ,all /& up z usual f respect to ! holy gospel 7z s]vants be=e _! ,"l ,amal>ius7 b kneel = a %ort "t at ! words ,jesus cry+ ) a l\d voice yield$ up ! gho/1 to adore t ,god ( love :o di$ = mank9d4 ,! latt] "p ( ! gospel is sung 9 ! usual *ant by ! deacon1 b )\t ! cu/om>y lights#db4 ,at ! (f]tory is sung ! fir/ "p ( ! beautiful hymn ,/abat ,mat]3 ! music is ,pale/r9a's1 & is ju/ly & highly panegyris$ by ,ba9i2 x has be5 publi%$ by ,dr4 ,burney4 ,bo? ! introit & communion are sung )\t1 & ! (f]tory )1 c\nt]po9t3 ! ,kyrie eleison1 ,gradual & tract1 9 pla9 *ant4 ,! ,b5$ictus qui v5it is usually v beautiful4 ,at ! end ( ! mass1 z !re has be5 no s]mon1 ! ,c>d4 celebrant ann\nces f ! alt> ! ,pope's usual grant to all pres5t ( an indulg5ce#dc or remission ( ! temporal puni%m5t due = pa/ s9s1 ^: guilt has be5 already remitt$4 ,sid5ote3 indulg5ces ,:5 ! mass is end$1 ! palms are c>ri$ home by ^? :o h receiv$ !m1 & are pres]v$ ) respect4 ,two l>g] ?an ! re/ are kept until ! asc5sion1 9 ! sacri/y call$ ! ,letto dei ,p>am5ti because anci5tly ! ag$ ,pontiffs aft] _! fatigu+ walk to ! /ational *ur*es us$ to repose on a letto or b$ prep>$ = !m 9 ! sacri/y1 :]e !y aft]w>ds put on ! p>am5ti or ve/m5ts4 ,! pas*al c&le also1 an emblem ( ,*ri/ ! true light1 z we %all aft]w>ds see is remov$ on ! day ( ! asc5sion3 ?is circum/ance may expla9 ! above-m5tion$ cu/om4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>d9al p5it5ti>y at ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's4 ,9 ! aft]noon ( palm-sunday1 ! ,c>d9al great ,p5it5ti>y goes 9 /ate to ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's4 ,he is met1 be=e he ent]s _! college1 by ! m9or p5it5ti>ies1 :o at ?is basilic are ,franciscans1 m9ori oss]vanti4 ,hav+ spr9kl$ ^? pres5t ) holy wat]1 he goes up to _! private oratory#dd 9 ! ,lat]an palace1 :i!r he is escort$ by ! prelates & o!r m9i/]s ( ! apo/olic ,p5it5zi]ia4 ,aft] a %ort pray]1 he proce$s to ! libr>y1 :]e he holds ! ,segnatura or tribunal = sign+ docum5ts relat+ to 8 (fice1 & aft]w>ds ent]s ! basilic ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an's1 :]e he is receiv$ by f\r canons4 ,"h seat$ at 8 tribunal ( p5ance1 he t\*es ) 8 rod ! heads ( ! prelates1 m9i/]s & o!rs :o approa* to him2 & = ?is act ( humiliation !y receive an indulg5ce1 or remission ( ! canonical p5ance1 ( #ajj days4 ,he also he>s ! confessions ( any p]sons :o may *oose to pres5t !mselves3 b ! solution ( difficult cases & absolution f crimes res]v$ to 8 jurisdiction may be obta9$ )\t confess+ to 8 ,em95ce on s public an occasion#de4 ,! c]emonies1 :i* we h describ$1 are design$ to hon\r our div9e ,r$eem]1 ^: actions & suff]+s are !reby commemorat$1 & at ! same "t to excite s5tim5ts ( devotion 9 ! he>ts ( ,8 s]vants4 ,"h ought ! ca?olic to ex]cise fai?1 hope1 love1 & contrition = 8 s9s3 & all1 ( :atev] c\ntry or cre$ !y may be1 :o are admitt$ ) hospitality & lib]ality to witness ! solemn & impos+ s]vice1 if !y d n feel su* noble s5tim5ts1 ought at lea/ to obs]ve t ext]nal decorum1 :i* ! season1 ! place1 ! hi]>*y1 & above all ! commemoration ( ! suff]+s ( ! ,god ( *>ity w dictate to e well-educat$ & well-pr9cipl$ m9d4 ,x is to be lam5t$1 t n only ! devotion ( ,ca?olics is di/urb$1 b _! feel+s also are occasionally insult$ 9 _! own h\se ( wor%ip by ! unbecom+ rem>ks ( individuals--b en\gh3 y h n s le>n$ ,*ri/3 if yet y h he>d him1 & h be5 taught 9 him1 z ! tru? is 9 ,jesus4 ,ephes4 ,,iv1 #bj1 #ba4 ,if on ?is day ev5 ! inhabitants ( ,j]usalem receiv$ ,him ) triumph & jubilee1 let u ,8 disciples & *ildr5 (f] to ,him ! be/ tribute 9 our p[] ( love praise & adoration4 ,footnote #bf3 ,see ,cancelli]i1 ,sol5ni possessi de',papi1 p4 #eci4 ,footnote #bg3 ,accord+ to ,*ampollion1 x 0 orig9ally erect$ 9 ,heliopolis by ,ramesses #g? son ( ! great ,ramesses or ,seso/ris2 ,pl9y says by ,nuncoreus son ( ,seso/ris4 ,caligula transport$ x to ,rome1 & plac$ x 9 ! circus aft]w>ds call$ ,n]o's1 :]e x rema9$ /&+ till ! "t ( ,sixtus ,v4 ,footnote #bh3 ,x 0 cu/om>y 9 ,l5t1 says ,/4 ,audo5us1 to cov] ) a l95 veil ! tomb ( ,eligius to conceal ! brightness ( ! gold & ! spl5d\r ( ! gems4 ,vita ,s4 ,eligii l4 #b4 c4 #dj4 ,?us does ! *ur* at ?is season put (f h] co/ly nuptial robes1 & ve/ h]self 9 we$s ( deepe/ m\rn+4 ,! "t = veil+ ! crucifix & images has v>i$ at diff]5t p]iods4 ,! ,saturday be=e passion-sunday is n[ ! fir/1 & holy ,saturday ! la/ day1 ( ?is obs]vance4 ,footnote #bi3 ,s4 ,isidore 7,a4,d4 #fjj47 obs]ves1 t acoly!s are call$ 9 ,lat9 ,c](]>ii f _! c>ry+ wax tap]s :5 ! gospel is to be read or sacrifice is to be (f]$4 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury ,micrologus te/ifies t ,mass1 accord+ to ! ,ordo ,romanus1 0 nev] celebrat$ )\t lights1 ev5 9 ! day "t1 z a type ( ! light ( ,*ri/4 ,to ?is cu/om we %all recur 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,footnote #cj3 ,pietro de ,m>ca ma9ta9s1 t ! crucifix borne be=e ! ,pope 0 sub/itut$ 9 place ( ! lab>um or /&>d c>ri$ be=e ! emp]ors4 ,t ( ,con/ant9e _h ! =m ( a cross1 & 0 surm\nt$ ) ,,xp ! fir/ lett]s ( ,*ri/'s "n1 ,eus4 ,9 ,vita ,con/4 l4 #d4 ,footnote #ca3 ,i %all n speak ( "s anci5t c]emonies ( holy week :i* h fall5 into disuse1 su* z ! cu/om ( c>ry+ ! gospel or ! ,b4 ,sacram5t 9 triumphant procession on ,palm-,sunday1 & o!rs allud$ to by ,cancelli]i & describ$ by ,m>t5e1 ,de ,antiq4 ,eccl4 ,rit4 ,footnote #cb3 ,9 times ( s*ism caus$ by antipopes x 0 a practice ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,?us we read 9 ,b>onius' ,annals ,a4,d4 #aafj1 t :5 ! antipope ,c>d9al ,octavianus1 :o assum$ ! "n ( ,victor1 _h be5 illegitimately elect$1 ! *apt] ( ,/4 ,pet]'s came imm$iately to ! feet ( ! said ,pope ,victor1 & obey$ ob$ivit & ! cl]gy & p paid due rev]5ce to him1 & a great multitude 9 l mann] obey$3 ! rectors also came to 8 feet1 & paid ob$i5ce & rev]5ce4 ,!n foll[s a long li/ ( ! cl]gy ( v>i\s ,roman *ur*es1 all ( :om x is said t !y obey$4 ,?us1 ,! ,lat]an prior & 8 canons obey$4 ,! cl]gy ( ! patri>*al *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>y ,major's obey$ etc4 ,?is ob$i5ce 0 evid5tly an ext]nal sign ( _! ackn[l$g+ ,victor z ,pope 9 place ( ,alex&]1 ! legitimate pontiff4 ,anci5tly ! ,pope receiv$ ! homage ( ! deacons 9 ! sacri/y2 !y aft]w>ds w5t out ( ! sacri/y to put on _! dalmatics4 ,cancelli]i de ,secret>iis ,t4,i4 ,9 ! sacri/y ! ,pope gave ! peace to ! ,bi%ops1 ,c>d9als1 ,prefect1 ,s5ator1 & o!r lay pr9ces accord+ to ! canon ,b5$ict1 ,c5cius ,cam]>ius & ,cajetan4 ,! ord9es ,romani m5tion ! b[+ ( ! ,subdeacon at ! knees ( ! ,pontiff1 & ! kiss+ ( 8 h& by ! prie/s1 ! ar*deacon & secund>ius ,de secret>iis ,t4 ,i1 p4 #dji4 ,footnote #cc3 ,_m =ms ( b5$iction ( p]sons & ?+s tak5 f anci5t ,pontificals & manuscript rituals may be se5 9 ,m>t5e1 ,de antiquis ,ecclesiae ,ritibus4 ,! *ur* g5]ally uses holy-wat] & inc5se :5 bless+ ,god's creatures1 :i* are sanctifi$ by ! ^w ( ,god & pray] #a ,tom4 ,,iv1 #e4 ,god _h appo9t$ wat] ( expiation to be us$ by ! ,jews1 ,numb]s ,,xix4 ,lu/ral wat] us$ to be spr9kl$ also by ! ,pagans2 ,t]que s5em flamma1 t] aqua1 t] sulphure purget4 ,ov4 ,met4 l4 #g4 ,ana/asius says t ,alex&] ,i1 :o 0 ,pope 9 #ajh appo9t$ t wat] = spr9kl+ %\ld be bless$ ) salt 9 private h\ses4 ,x is m5tion$ also 9 ! apo/olic con/itutions4 ,boldetti 9 8 ,cemet]ii de' m>tiri notices ! %ort columns support+ small vases1 9 corn]s ( ! *apels 9 ! catacombs2 & ,bott>i has publi%$ & illu/rat$ 9 8 ,roma sott]ranea an int]e/+ fresco discov]$ 9 ! catacombs ( ,s4 ,agnese1 & repres5t+ five figures c>ry+ vessels closely resembl+ ^? /ill us$ = holy wat]2 f\r ( ^? figures c>ry bran*es suppos$ to be ( ! palm-tree3 ! fif? holds an asp]gillum ) :i* holy wat] is /ill spr9kl$4 ,a copy ( ?is fresco may be se5 also 9 ,rock's ,hi]urgia1 p4 #ffh4 ,inc5se is a symbol ( pray]s4 ,let my pray]1 ,o ,"l we say ) ! ,psalmi/ be direct$ z inc5se 9 ?y sight4 ,god _h appo9t$ x to be us$ 9 ! ,jewi% wor%ip1 & ,/4 ,john says1 t an angel came & /ood be=e ! alt>1 hav+ a gold5 c5s]1 & !re 0 giv5 to him mu* inc5se1 t he %\ld (f] ( ! pray]s ( all ! sa9ts ^u ! gold5 alt>1 :i* is be=e ! ?rone ( ,god3 & ! smoke ( ! inc5se ( ! pray]s ( ! sa9ts asc5d$ up be=e ,god1 f ! h& ( ! angel4 ,apoc4 ,,viii1 #c1 #e4 ,( ! apo/olic antiquity ( its use ! ,prote/ant bi%op ,bev]idge adduces pro(s 9 8 ,v9dication ( ! apo/olical canons4 ,! anci5t liturgies ( ! ea/ & we/ agree 9 prescrib+ ! use ( inc5se1 & 9 p>ticul> at ! beg9n+ ( mass1 at ! (f]tory etc4 ,see ,r5audot1 ,assemani1 ,le ,brun etc4 ,con/ant9e1 accord+ to ,ana/asius 9 8 life ( ,s4 ,silve/]1 gave two gold5 ?uribles to ! ,lat]an basilis1 & a ?ird adorn$ ) jewels to ! ,bapti/]y4 ,see ,c>d4 ,bona1 ,r]um ,liturgic>um lib4 ,i1 c4 ,,xxv1 ,sec4 #i4 ,footnote #cd3 ,( ! antiquity ( ! cu/om ( kiss+ ! ,pope's foot we h pro(s 9 ,ana/asius ! libr>ian 9 ! lives ( ,popes ,con/ant9e & ,leo ,,iv4 ,:5 ,val5t9e 0 elect$ ,pope 9 #hbg1 8 feet 7 kiss$ by ! ,roman s5ate & p at ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's4 ,num]\s in/ances also are on record ( sov]eigns :o h kiss$ ! feet ( ! ,popes1 & ,p\y>d has writt5 a diss]tation to %ew1 t ?is cu/om 0 ant]ior to t ( m>k+ ! papal %oes or s&als ) a cross4 ,?is tok5 ( pr(\nd respect 0 giv5 also to ! emp]ors ( ! ea/ at ,byzantium4 ,footnote #ce3 ,^! are di/+ui%$ lawy]s habit$ 9 black cappe4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! v>i\s (fices above-m5tion$ & ( _! orig9 see ,! ,papal ,*apel1 ,describ$ etc4 by ,c4,m4 ,baggs4 ,rome4 #ahci4 ,footnote #cf3 ,t crosses1 c&les & inc5se 7 anci5tly us$ 9 processions appe>s f ,s4 ,gregory ( ,t\rs1 de ,vit4 ,patrum1 c4 #ac4 ,footnote #cg3 ,! k+s & *ief magi/rates ( anci5t ,rome 7 entitl$ to a sella curulis1 or *air ( /ate1 :i* us$ to be plac$ 9 _! *>iots4 ,gell4 ,,iii2 #ah4 ,!y 7 seat$ on x also at _! tribunal on solemn occasions4 ,virgil makes old k+ ,lat9us say3 ,et sellam regni trabeamque insignia no/ri4 ,a,en4 ,,xi4 #ccd4 ,! ,romans _h borr[$ x f ! ,etruscans accord+ to ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus4 7,clem5t ( ,alex&ria obs]ves1 ,t _m ( ! rites ( ,etruria 7 import$ f ,asia2 & ,diodorus 7lib4 #e47 repres5ts ^! insignia z d]iv$ f ,lydia4 ,see ,phoeb5s4 ,de ,id5titate ,ca!drae ,s4 ,petri p4 ,,xx4 seq47 ,x 0 ri*ly adorn$1 conspicuum signis1 accord+ to ,ovid1 ,pont4 ,,iv4 #e1 #ah4 ,9 ! ,pope's c>riage ev5 n[ !re is a *air ( /ate1 & to ,him alone is res]v$ ! hon\r ( a s$ia ge/atoria4 ,pope ,/eph5 ,,ii 9 #gea 0 c>ri$ to ! basilica ( ,con/ant9e on ! %\ld]s ( ! ,romans exult+ at 8 election3 & f ?is fact "s d]ive ! cu/om ( c>ry+ ! ,pope 9 ,8 *air on solemn occasions4 ,footnote #ch3 ,?is hymn is attribut$ to ! abbot ,!odulph aft]w>ds bi%op ( ,orleans1 :o liv$ 9 ! #i? c5tury4 ,if x 7 true1 t he sang x z ! emp]or ,l\is le debonnaire 0 pass+ by ! prison1 9 :i* he 0 conf9$1 & t he 0 9 consequ5ce lib]at$1 we %\ld h a hi/orical reason = ! %utt+ & op5+ ( ! door1 & = ! hymn's be+ sung p>tly inside ! *ur*4 ,?is acc\nt has h[ev] be5 call$ 9 "q by ,m5>d1 ,macri1 ,m>t5e & o!rs2 & h5ce ,p\get1 & aft] him ,b5$ict ,,xiv & o!rs are cont5t$ ) a my/ic reason = su* c]emonies1 viz1 t heav5 0 clos$ to man 9 consequ5ce ( s91 & 0 op5$ to him by ! cross ( ,*ri/4 ,footnote #ci3 ,9 ^! x is call$ ,dom9ica ad ,palmas1 ,dom9ica 9 ,palmis1 & 9 ! ,gregorian ,sacram5t>y m5tion is made1 9 ! pray] :i* prec$es communion1 ( ! fai?ful c>ry+ palm-bran*es4 ,footnote #dj3 ,anci5tly a c>d9al deacon us$ to read x1 & to s+ only ! words ,eli1 ,eli1 lamma saba*?ani4 ,footnote #da3 ,! au?or ( ?is exquisite *ant is unkn[n3 ,ba9i supposes t he 0 a memb] ( ! pontifical *oir3 x has be5 sung 9 ! papal *apel s9ce ! middle ( ! #ac? c5tury4 ,9 #aehe x1 toge!r ) ! re/ ( ! s]vice ( holy week1 0 publi%$ by ,tommaso da ,vittoria ) ! words ( ! p h>monis$ = #d & #e voices2 8 me?od 0 adopt$ by ! papal *oir1 :i* adorns x ) _m traditional graces1 & 9 p>ticul> gives occasionally1 says ,ba9i1 to ! words ( ! multitude ! irresi/ible =ce ( a mo/ robu/ h>mony4 ,! abbate ,alfi]i has publi%$ a new edition ( ! ,passios4 ,footnote #db3 ,9 ,africa till ! "t ( ,s4 ,augu/9e1 ! ,passion us$ to be read 9 holy week f ! gospel ( ,s4 ,mat!w alone2 b by 8 direction1 z he m5tions 9 8 #bcbnd disc\rse1 x 0 read e ye> f all ! f\r evangeli/s2 & ?is cu/om is /ill obs]v$4 ,footnote #dc3 ,t ,god1 aft] ,he has p>don$ s9 & consequ5tly remitt$ its et]nal puni%m5t1 (t51 if n g5]ally1 dem&s temporal satisfaction f ! s9n]1 is evid5t f _m in/ances 9 scripture1 su* z ^? ( ,david 7#b ,sam4 ,,xii7 ( ,moses 7,deut]on4 ,,xxxii comp>e ,num4 ,,xiv7 to say no?+ ( ,adam 7,g54 ,,iii7 & all 8 po/]ity1 :o endure ! temporal puni%m5t ( orig9al s91 ev5 :5 its /a9 has be5 wa%$ away by baptism4 ,n[ ! *ur* by virtue ( ! ample au?ority ) :i* ,*ri/ has inve/$ h] 7,matt4 ,,xviii1 ,john ,,xx7 & 9 p>ticul> h] *ief pa/or 7,matt4 ,,xvi7 has f ! beg9n+ ex]cis$ ! p[] ( remitt+ ! temporal puni%m5t ( actual s9s4 ,?us ,s4 ,paul p>don$ ! ince/u\s ,cor9?ian 7#b4 ,cor4 ,,ii73 9 times ( p]secution ! bi%ops at ! reque/ ( ! m>tyrs remitt$ ! p5ance impos$ on ^? :o _h fall5 into idolatry 7,t]sul4 lib4 ad m>tyres1 ,euseb4 ,hi/4 ,eccl4 lib4 ,v1 c4 #d4 ,s4 ,cyprian4 ,epi/4 ,,xiii etc471 to say no?+ ( canons ( ! #d? c5tury :i* prescribe t indulg5ces %\ld be grant$ to f]v5t p5it5ts1 ( ! crusades1 & ( ! indulg5ces grant$ to ^? :o contribut$ money = ! build+ ( ,s4 ,pet]'s1 etc4 ,indulg5ces presuppose rep5tance & confession1 & ! p]=mance ( ^? good works :i* are prescrib$ z conditions necess>y = _! acquisition1 z communion1 pray]s1 alms etc4 ,footnote #dd3 ,x 0 built by ,calixtus ,,ii1 & 0 = two c5turies & a half ! ,ve/ry ( ! ,roman ,pontiffs4 ,x 0 repair$ & consecrat$ 9 #agdg4 ,see ,cancelli]i4 ,de ,secret>iis ,t4 ,i1 p4 #cdb4 ,footnote #de3 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury1 9 ! "t ( ,pope ,cornelius !re 7 prie/s appo9t$ to absolve ^? :o _h fall5 into idolatry2 & !y 7 call$ ,presbyt]i ,pa5it5tium4 ,s4 ,m>cellus also1 accord+ to ,ana/asius1 aft] ! p]secution rais$ by ,diocletian1 appo9t$ 9 ,rome titul> *ur*es1 9 :i* p5ance z well z baptism 7 adm9i/]$ by prie/s1 ! =m] sacram5t is conf]r$ by ! m9or p5it5ti>ies4 ,pope ,simplicius 9 f9e1 z we le>n f ! same au?or1 de/9$ fix$ weeks at ,s4 ,pet]'s1 ,s4 ,paul's1 & ,s4 ,laur5ce's1 to receive p5it5ts & adm9i/] baptism4 ,f ! usual cu/om ( ,rome 9 su* matt]s1 ,zacc>ia argues t dur+ ! fir/ five or six c5turies1 accord+ to ! g5]al cu/om prov$ by ,?omass91 ! great p5it5ti>y 0 ! bi%op himself ( ! city 9 :i* !y resid$4 ,x is h[ev] c]ta91 t 9 ! #d? c5tury f ! num]\s prie/s ( ,con/ant9ople "o 0 select$ call$ a p5it5ti>y1 :o took cognisance ( crimes1 to :i* public p5ance 0 annex$ by ! canons4 ,at ,rome also !re 0 a c>d9al p5it5ti>y long be=e ! f\r? c\ncil ( ,lat]an1 :i* 9 #abae prescrib$ t bi%ops %\ld appo9t p5it5ti>ies1 = ,b]?od prie/ ( ,con/ance relates 9 8 *ronicle1 t 9 ! ye> #ajhd he 0 promot$ to ! dignity ( c>d9al-prie/ & p5it5ti>y ( ! ,roman *ur*4 ,,*ap ,,iii4 ,,on ,,! ,,div9e ,,(fice1 ,,& ,,! ,,(fice ,,( ,,t5ebrae ,,9 ,,p>ticul>4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,"p #a4 ,introductory4 ,brevi>y--,div9e (fice1 its orig9--p]=m$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ians--anci5t & mod]n editions ( ! brevi>y4 ,,"p #b4 ,descriptive4 ,(fice ( ,t5ebrae--,mat9s & ,lauds--ext9ction ( ! lights--mean+ ( ?is c]emony--*ant1 lam5tations--conclusions ( ! (fice--,mis]]e1 its music--,c>d4 ,p5it5ti>y at ,s4 ,m>y ,major's4 ,tr9ita dei ,pellegr9i4 ,i w bless ! ,"l at all times3 8 praise %all always be 9 my m\?4 ,ps4 ,,xxxiii1 #b4 ,he humbl$ himself1 becom+ ob$i5t unto dea?1 ev5 ! dea? ( ! cross4 ,phil4 ,,ii1 #h4 ,sid5ote3 ,p4 ,i4 ,brevi>y4 ,we %all n hesitate to borr[ ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! *ur* (fice conta9$ 9 ! ,roman ,brevi>y f a ,prote/ant div9e 7,tracts ( ! ,times no4 #ge74 ,! ^w ,brevi>um fir/ occurs 9 ! "w ( an au?or ( ! elev5? c5tury 7,micrologus7 & x is us$ to d5ote a comp5dium or sy/ematic arrangem5t ( ! devotional (fices ( ! *ur*4 ,till t "t !y 7 conta9$ 9 sev]al indep5d5t volumes1 accord+ to ! nature ( ea*4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 7 ! ,psalt]ia1 ,homil>ia1 ,hymn>ia1 & ! l1 to be us$ 9 ! s]vice 9 due c\rse4 ,b at 8 memorable era1 & "u ! auspices ( ! ,pontiff :o makes x memorable1 ,gregory ,,vii1 an ,ord] 0 drawn up1 = ! use ( ! ,roman *ur*1 conta9+ 9 "o all ^! diff]5t collections1 introduc+ ! sep>ate memb]s ( ea* 9 its prop] place1 & h>monis+ !m toge!r by ! use ( rubrics4 ,sid5ote3 ,div9e (fice1 its orig94 ,gregory ,,vii did b re/ore & h>monise ^! (fices2 :i* seem to h exi/$ m or less ! same 9 con/itu5t p>ts1 ?\gh n 9 ord] & sy/em1 f ,apo/olic times4 ,9 _! pres5t %ape !y are appo9t$ = sev5 di/9ct seasons 9 ! tw5ty f\r h\rs1 & consi/ ( pray]s1 praises & ?anksgiv+s ( v>i\s =ms2 &1 z reg>ds bo? cont5ts & h\rs1 are ! cont9uation ( a sy/em ( wor%ip obs]v$ by ! ,apo/les & _! conv]ts4 ,z to cont5ts1 ! ,brevi>y s]vice consi/s ( ! ,psalms2 ( ,hymns & ,canticles2 ( ,lessons & ,texts f inspir$ & ,ecclesia/ical au?ors2 ( ,antiphons1 ,v]ses & ,responses1 & ,s5t5ces2 & ( ,collects4 ,& analog\s to ?is seems to h be5 ! usage ( ! ,cor9?ian ,*ri/ians1 :om ,/4 ,paul blames = refus+ to agree 9 "s common ord] ( wor%ip1 :5 !y came toge!r1 e "o ( !m hav+ a ,psalm1 or a doctr9e1 a tongue1 a revelation1 an int]pretation 7#a ,cor4 ,,xiv1 #bf74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ca?olic seasons ( devotion are c]ta9ly d]iv$ f apo/olic usage4 ,! ,jewi% obs]vance ( ! ?ird1 six? & n9? h\rs = pray]1 0 cont9u$ by ! inspir$ f\nd]s ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,:at ,daniel _h practis$1 ev5 :5 ! decree 0 sign$ =bidd+ x1 kneel+ on 8 knees ?ree times a day1 & pray+ & giv+ ?anks unto 8 ,god1 ,s4 ,pet] & ! o!r ,apo/les 7 solicit\s 9 pres]v+4 ,x 0 :5 !y 7 all ) "o accord 9 "o place1 at ! ?ird h\r ( ! day1 t ! ,holy ,gho/ came d[n ^u !m at ,p5teco/4 ,x 0 at ! six? h\r1 t ,/4 ,pet] w5t up ^u ! h\se-top to pray & saw ! vision reveal+ to him ! admission ( ! g5tiles into *ur*4 ,& x 0 at ! n9? h\r t ,pet] & ,john w5t up toge!r into ! temple1 be+ ! h\r ( pray]4 ,b ?\gh ^! 7 ! m rem>kable seasons ( devotion1 !re c]ta9ly 7 o!rs besides !m 9 ! fir/ age ( ! *ur*4 ,aft] our ,savi\r's dep>ture1 ! ,apo/les1 we are in=m$1 all cont9u$ ) "o accord 9 pray] & supplication1 ) ! wom51 & ,m>y ! "m ( ,jesus1 & ) ,8 bre?r53 & ) ?is accords ! repeal$ exhortation to pray toge!r )\t ceas+1 :i* occurs 9 ,/4 ,paul's epi/les4 ,x w be obs]v$ t he insi/s 9 "o passage on pray] to ! abridgm5t ( sleep 7,eph4 ,,vi1 #ah72 & "o record$ passage ( 8 life exemplifies 8 precept3 ,& at midnight ,paul & ,silas pray$1 & sang praises unto ,god1 & ! prison]s he>d !m4 ,9 subsequ5t times ! ,h\rs ( pray] 7 gradually develop$ f ! ?ree1 or 7) midnight7 ! f\r seasons above enum]at$1 to sev51 viz4 by ! addition ( ,prime 7! fir/ h\r71 ,vesp]s 7! ev5+71 & ,compl9e 7b$time72 accord+ to ! words ( ! ,psalm1 ,sev5 times a day d ,i praise ,!e1 because ( ,?y righte\s judgm5t4 ,o!r pi\s & in/ructive reasons exi/$1 or h s9ce be5 p]ceiv$ = ?is numb]4#df ,?us f> our ,prote/ant au?or1 ) ^: rem>ks we are too well pleas$ to g out ( our way to dispute ) him ! tru? ( "s o!r portions ( 8 tract1 :i* are objectionable4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]=m$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians cont9u$ aft] ! "t ( ! apo/les to obs]ve ! h\rs ( pray] above enum]at$ is prov$ by ,m>t5e 7,de ,ant4 ,eccl4 ,rit4 ,t4 #c7 :o has collect$ _m decisive passages f ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,fa!rs4 ,we %all cont5t ourselves ) "o tak5 f a "w on pray] by ,s4 ,cyprian1 bi%op ( ,c>?age 9 ! ?ird c5tury4 ,hav+ m5tion$ ,daniel's practice ( pray+ ?ree times a day1 he obs]ves1 t x is manife/ t !re 0 some?+ my/]i\s or symbolical 9 ! anci5t practice4 ,= ! holy ,gho/ desc5d$ on ! disciples at ! ?ird h\r2 at ! six? h\r ,pet] go+ to ! h\se-top 0 in/ruct$ by ,god to admit all to ! grace ( salvation2 & ! ,"l1 :o 0 crucifi$ at ! six? h\r1 wa%$ away our s9s ) 8 blood at ! n9? h\r1 & complet$ ! victory by 8 passion4 ,= u h[ev]1 besides ! h\rs anci5tly obs]v$1 ! times & also ! symbols ( pray] h increas$4 ,= we mu/ pray 9 ! morn+1 to celebrate ! resurrection ( ! ,"l2 also :5 ! sun rec$es & ! day ceases2 = ,*ri/ is ! true sun & ! true day1 & :5 we pray t ! light ( ,*ri/ may aga9 come ^u u1 we pray t 8 com+ may imp>t to u ! grace ( et]nal light3 & let u :o are always 9 ,*ri/1 t is1 9 ! light1 n cease f pray] at night4 ,see also ,dr4 ,cave's ,primitive ,*ri/ianity ,"p4 #a1 c4 #i4 ,sid5ote3 ,editions ( ! brevi>y4 ,! old ,roman brevi>y says ! au?or ( ,tract #ge above quot$ _h long be=e ,gregory ,,vii's "t be5 receiv$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe2 & 9 ,engl& s9ce ! "t ( ,gregory ! great :o aft] ! patt]n ( ,leo & ,gelasius be=e him _h be5 a re=m] ( x4 ,! p us$ anci5tly to jo9 ) ! cl]gy 9 (f]+ ?is1 con/ant tribute ( praise to ,god2 b ! duty ( daily recit+ x is obligatory only ^u ! ,ca?olic cl]gy1 & religi\s ord]s4 ,s4 ,b5$ict %ort5$ x consid]ably1 7z ,grancolas obs]ves1 ,com4 ,hi/4 9 ,brev4 ,rom47 ,new editions & em5dations ( x 7 publi%$ successively by ! au?ority ( ,/4 ,gregory ,,vii1 ,ni*olas ,,iii1 & ,clem5t ,,vii1 & f9ally ! ,roman ,brevi>y at pres5t us$ 0 re/or$ by ord] ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 publi%$ by ,pope ,pius ,v1 & revis$ by ,clem5t ,,viii1 & ,urban ,,viii4 ,x foll[s closely1 z ,m]ati obs]ves1 t fir/ adopt$ by ! regul>-cl]ks 9 ! #af? c5tury1 & resembles ! edition publi%$ by ,haymo1 g5]al ( ! ,franciscans1 & au?oris$ by ,ni*olas ,,iii 7,a4,d4 #abgh74 ,h5ce x is call$ by ! au?or ( ,tract #ge ! ,franciscan ,brevi>y4 ,x is h[ev] f\nd$ ^u ! old ,roman ,brevi>y1 :i* ! ,franciscans by ! direction ( _! holy f\nd] _h adopt$3 = accord+ to ,rodolfo1 dean ( ,tongres ,cap4 ,,xxii1 :5 ! ,popes dwelt at ! ,lat]an1 ! (fice ( ! ,papal *apel 0 mu* %ort] ?an t ( ! o!r *ur*es ( ,rome2 x 0 compos$ by ,innoc5t ,,iii1 & 0 adopt$ by ! ,franciscans in/itut$ at 8 "t4 ,nicolas ,,iii ord]$ t all ! ,roman *ur*es %\ld use ! ,franciscan ,brevi>y z re=m$ by ,haymo1 9 #abda4 ,our own daily s]vice1 says ! above-m5tion$ m9i/] ( ! *ur* ( ,engl& is confess$ly =m$ ^u ! ,brevi>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,p4 ,,ii4 ,(fice ( ,t5ebrae4 ,hav+ premis$ ?us mu* on ! (fice 9 g5]al1 we may n[ return to holy-week4 ,besides palm-sunday1 ?ree o!r days 9 ! week are p>ticul>ly devot$ to ! commemoration ( ! hi/ory ( our r$emption2 holy-?ursday1 because on x our ,"l in/itut$ ! bless$ ,eu*>i/1 & 8 passion began2 good-friday1 on :i* ,he 0 crucifi$ & di$2 & holy saturday1 on :i* ,8 sacr$ body rema9$ 9 ! tomb4 ,! *ur* comm5ces h] solemn s]vice ( ea* ( ^! days ) t "p ( ! div9e (fice call$ mat9s & lauds1 & at ?is "t ,t5ebrae f ! d>kness ) :i* x concludes4 ,x us$ ( old to be celebrat$ at night1 z x /ill is by "s religi\s communities#dg2 b x n[ takes place on ! aft]noon prec$+ ea* ( ^? ?ree days4 ,nor is ?is unusual3 = ! ecclesia/ical day is consid]$ to beg9 ) ! ev5+ or ,vesp] s]vice1 accord+ to ! ,jewi% reckon+1 z allud$ to 9 ! text4 ,9 ! ev5+ & morn+ & at noon day w ,i pray1 & t in/antly4 7,tracts ( ! ,times1 ,no4 #ge74 ,sid5ote3 ,mat9s & ,lauds4 ,! (fice ( ,mat9 s call$ f ,matuta or ,aurora consi/s at ,t5ebrae ( ?ree nocturns4 ,ea* ( ^! is compos$ ( ?ree appropriate psalms ) _! an!ms1 foll[$ by ?ree lessons tak5 f scripture or ! fa!rs4 ,imm$iately aft] mat9s1 ,lauds or ! praises ( ,god are sung3 !y consi/ ( five psalms besides ! ,b5$ictus or canticle ( ,za*>y1 to :i* succe$s ! ,mis]]e or #ej? psalm4 ,"s ( ! %ort pray]s usually said are omitt$3 = ! *ur* dur+ ?is season ( m\rn+ /rips h] liturgy z well z h] alt>s ( _! usual ornam5ts#dh4 ,sid5ote3 ,ext9ction ( ! lights4 ,a triangul> c&le/ick1 ^u :i* are plac$ fifte5 c&les1 correspond+ to ! numb] ( psalms recit$ be=e ! ,mis]]e1 is peculi> to ?is solemn (fice1 & is plac$ at ! epi/le-side ( ! alt>4 ,aft] ea* psalm "o ( ! c&les is ext+ui%$ by a ,ma/] ( c]emonies1 & aft] ! ,b5$ictus ! c&le plac$ on ! top ( ! triangul> c&le/ick is n ext+ui%$1 b is conceal$ beh9d ! alt> & br\ght out at ! end ( ! s]vice2 :ile t canticle is sung1 ! six c&les on ! alt> also are ext+ui%$1 z well z ^? above ! cancellata or rails#di4 ,sid5ote3 ,mean+ ( ?is c]emony4 ,lamps & c&elabra 7 pres5t$ to ! sanctu>y by ! fai?ful dur+ ! fir/ ages ( p]secution2 & 9 m tranquil times to ! basilicas by ,con/ant9e & o!rs :o erect$ or d$icat$ !m4 ,!y 7 light$1 z ,s4 ,j]ome obs]ves1 9 ! day "t n to drive away d>kness1 b z a sign ( joy3 & !re=e ! cu/om ( gradually ext+ui%+ !m at ! (fice ( ,t5ebrae we may ju/ly consid] ) ,amal>ius z a sign ( m\rn+1 or ( ! sympa?y ( ! *ur* ) h] div9e & suff]+ ,sp\se4 ,! precise numb] ( lights is det]m9$ by t ( ! psalms1 :i* is ! same z at ord9>y mat9s ( ?ree nocturns4 ,! cu/om ( conceal+ beh9d ! alt> dur+ ! la/ "p ( ! (fice ! la/ & mo/ elevat$ c&le1 & ( br++ x =w>d burn+ at ! end ( ! s]vice1 is a manife/ allusion to ! dea? & resurrection ( ,*ri/1 ^: light1 z ,micrologus obs]ves1 is repres5t$ by our burn+ tap]s4 ,i am ! light ( ! _w4 ,john ,,viii4 #abej4 ,9 ! same mann] ! o!r c&les ext+ui%$ "o aft] ano!r may repres5t ! prophets successively put to dea? be=e _! div9e ,"l3 & if we consid] t ! psalms ( ! old ,te/am5t are recit$ at ! "t1 ?is explanation may appe> m satisfactory ?an o!rs1 :i* w\ld ref] !m to ! bless$ ,virg91 ! apo/les & disciples ( ,*ri/#ea4 ,9 ! triangul> =m ( ! c&le/ick is conta9$ an evid5t allusion to ! ,b4 ,tr9ity4 ,?is c&le/ick is m5tion$ 9 a ,,ms4 ,ordo ( ! #g? c5tury publi%$ by ,mabillon4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ant1 lam5tations4 ,! an!ms & psalms1 ) ! exception ( ! ,mis]]e :i* is ! la/ psalm at ,lauds1 mo/ ( ! lessons & o!r p>ts ( ! (fice1 are sung 9 pla9 *ant4 ,f ! middle ( ! #ae? c5tury ! ?ree lam5tations or fir/ ?ree lessons ( ea* day us$ to be sung 9 canto figurato 9 ! papal *apel3 b by ord] ( ,sixtus ,v1 only ! fir/ lam5tation ( ea* day is ?us sung1 & ev5 x is mu* %ort5$1 z ,clem5t ,,xii direct$3 ! two o!rs are sung 9 canto piano accord+ to ,guidetti's me?od4 ,! fir/ lam5tation bo? ( ! fir/ & second day is by ! celebrat$ ,pi]luigi da ,pale/r9a3 t ( ! ?ird day by ,allegri4 ,ba9i obs]ves1 t ! fir/ lam5tation ( ! second day is consid]$ ! f9e/3 ,pale/r9a compos$ x = f\r voices1 besides a bass1 :i* ent]+ at ! pa!tic apo/rophe ',j]usalem1 ,j]usalem1 be conv]t$ to ! ,"l' e ye> makes all ! he>]s & s+]s1 :o h a s\l1 *ange col\r4 ,bayni1 ,mem4 ,/or4 ,t4 #a4 ,! lam5tations ( ,j]emiah h ! =m ( an acro/ic1 t is1 ! v]ses beg9 ) ! lett]s ( ! ,hebrew alphabet 9 regul> ord]1 ! fir/ ) ,aleph1 ! second ) ,be?1 & s 9 succession4 ,x 0 difficult to obs]ve a simil> ord] 9 ! ,lat9 ,vulgate3 b to pres]ve "s ve/ige ( x1 ! "n ( ! ,hebrew lett]1 ) :i* ea* v]se beg9s 9 ! orig9al1 is sung be=e ! same v]se 9 ! translation4 ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion ( ! (fice4 ,:5 ! ,b5$ictus or canticle ( ,za*>y & its an!m are f9i%$1 ! *oir s+s ! v]se ,*ri/ 0 made = u ob$i5t ev5 unto dea?3 on ! second night !y add ev5 unto ! dea? ( ! cross3 & on ! ?ird1 = :i* reason ,god ha? exalt$ him1 & ha? giv5 him a "n1 :i* is above all names4 ,! he>t ( ! *ri/ian is melt$ to devotion by ^! words1 sung on s solemn an occasion3 he kneels be=e 8 crucifi$ ,r$eem]1 & recites t pray] ( love1 t pray] ( a *ild to 8 ,fa!r :i* ,he t man ( sorr[s dictat$ to ,8 belov$ disciples2 & !n rememb]+ ^? s9s1 by :i* he (f5d$ t de> & agonis+ p>5t1 & t\*$ ) sorr[ & rep5tance1 yet m & m excit$ by ! music1 ,i might almo/ call x cele/ial1 8 he>t calls l\dly = t m]cy to obta9 :i* ,jesus di$4 ,he jo9s ) ,god's m9i/] 9 f]v5tly repeat+ ! pray] implor+ ,god's bless+ on ^? = :om ,*ri/ suff]$ & di$3 ! noise :i* foll[s x recals to 8 m9d ! confusion ( nature at ! dea? ( h] creator2 ! light$ c&le once m appe>+ rem9ds him t ,8 dea? 0 only tempor>y3 & he dep>ts 9 sil5ce impress$ ) pi\s s5tim5ts1 & inflam$ ) dev\t affections4 ,sid5ote3 ,mis]]e1 its music4 ,!y :o h assi/$ at ! (fice ( ,t5ebrae w n be surpris$ at ! say+ ( a philosoph]1 t = ! advantage ( 8 s\l he w\ld wi%1 t :5 he 0 ab\t to r5d] x up to ,god1 he might he> sung ! ,mis]]e ( ! ,pope's *apel4 ,9 no o!r place has ?is celebrat$ music succe$$4 ,ba9i ! director ( ! ,pontifical *oir1 9 a note to 8 life ( ,pale/r9a1 obs]ves t ,p>ide de ,grassi1 ,ma/] ( c]emonies to ,leo ,x1 m5tions t on holy w$nesday 7,a4,d4 #aeai71 ! s+]s *ant$ ! ,mis]]e 9 a new & unaccu/om$ mann]1 alt]nately s++ ! v]ses 9 symphony4 ,?is seems to be ! orig9 ( ! f>-fam$ ,mis]]e4 ,v>i\s au?ors1 :om ,ba9i enum]ates1 aft]w>ds compos$ ,mis]]e#eb2 b ! celebrat$ composition ( ,gregorio ,allegri a ,roman1 :o ent]$ ! ,papal college ( s+]s 9 #afbi1 0 ! mo/ successful1 & 0 = "s "t sung on all ! ?ree days ( ,t5ebrae4 ,!n "o compos$ by ,aless&ro ,sc>latti1 or t ( ,felice ,an]io1 us$ to be sung on holy ?ursday3 b ^! 7 eclips$ by ! ,mis]]e1 compos$ 9 #abad by ,tommase ,bai a ,bolognese1 director ( ! *oir ( ,s4 ,pet]'s4 ,f t "t only ,allegri's & ,bai's 7 sung 9 ! ,pope's *apel2 till ,pius ,,vii direct$ ! celebrat$ ,ba9i to compose a new ,mis]]e1 :i* has receiv$ well-m]it$ applause4 ,s9ce ! ye> #ahba all ?ree1 viz4 ,ba9i's1 ,bai's1 & ,allegri's ,mis]]es are sung on ! ?ree successive days1 & g5]ally 9 ! ord] 9 :i* we h m5tion$ !m3 ! two latt] are sometimes bl5d$ toge!r4 ,! fir/ v]se is sung 9 h>mony1 ! second 9 pla9 *ant1 & s successively till ! la/ v]se1 :i* alone is sung 9 h>mony by bo? ! *oirs1 into :i* ! s+]s are divid$2 only "o *oir s+s ! o!r v]ses#ec4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>d9al p5it5ti>y ,sid5ote3 ,tr9ita dei ,pellegr9i ,on ,w$nesday-aft]noon1 ! ,c>d9al great ,p5it5ti>y goes 9 /ate to ,s4 ,m>y ,major's1 :]e ! m9or ,p5it5ti>ies are ,dom9icans4 ,= an acc\nt ( ?is cu/om see ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,on ,w$nesday1 ,?ursday & ,friday ev5+s1 ,*ri/ians may be edifi$ at ! ,tr9ita dei ,pellegr9i#ed by ! sight ( ,c>d9als1 pr9ces1 prelates & o!rs1 wa%+ 9 good e>ne/1 & aft]w>ds kiss+ ! feet ( poor pilgrims1 :ile !y recite ) !m ! ,our ,fa!r1 ,hail ,m>y1 ,glory be to ! ,fa!r1 & o!r beautiful pray]s1 su* z2 ,gesu1 ,giuseppe1 ,m>ia1 ,vi dono il cuore e l' anima mia4 ,gesu1 ,giuseppe1 ,m>ia1 ,assi/eleci nell' ultima agonia1 etc4 ,!y aft]w>ds wait on !m at table1 & accompany !m to _! b$s1 recit+ o!r dev\t pray]s4 ,9 ano!r "p ( t e/abli%m5t1 pr9cesses & o!r ladies practise ! same (fices ( *>ity t[>ds ! female pilgrims4 ,"h might we fancy t ! primitive *ri/ians 7 be=e u1 ^? m5 ( *>ity1 simplicity1 & l[l9ess3 & :5 9 ! same place1 a few ye>s ago1 t dev\t ,pontiff ,leo ,,xii on 8 knees wa%$ & kiss$ ! feet ( pilgrims1 :o _h j\rney$ f af>2 :o t saw him did n call to m9d ) te>s ! l[l9ess & *>ity ( 8 pr$ecessor ,pet]1 & ( a great] ?an ,pet]1 :o wa%$ ! feet ( 8 disciples1 & :o wip$ !m ) ! t[el :]e) he 0 gird$4 ,m>ius m\rn$ ov] ! ru9s ( ,c>?age2 b 8 0 ! sorr[ ( disappo9t$1 selfi% ambition4 ,j]emiah lam5t$ ! fall & desolation ( ,j]usalem3 & 8 pla9tive acc5ts 7 inspir$ by g5u9e patriotism & religion4 ,obs]ve 8 v5]able figure 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel2 !re he sits p5sive & disconsolate1 ) 8 legs cross$1 8 we>i$ head re/+ ^u 8 h&1 & 8 eyes rivett$ on ! gr\nd1 z if no?+ c\ld engage 8 att5tion b ! woes ( ! daught] ( ,sion#ee4 ,!n li/5 to ! lam5tations ( ?is inspir$ & afflict$ prophet3 !y are full ( deepe/ pa?os1 & utt]$ 9 notes sweet z ! w>bl+s ( philomel4 ,turn n[1 ,o ,*ri/ian s\l1 to a m sublime & m\rnful spectacle4 ,jesus 9 ! g>d5 ( ,ge?semani & on m\nt ,calv>y m\rn$ n = a s+le city or nation3 he sorr[$ ov] ! ru9s ( a _w1 n z ( old ,noah may h done1 :5 secure f dang] he look$ d[n ^u ! wat]s :i* ov]spread ! e>?2 b ,he 0 w\nd$ = our iniquities1 & he 0 bruis$ = our s9s3 & ! ,"l ha? laid on him ! iniquities ( u all1 ,he suff]$ & di$ = u4 ,! moral ru9s ( ! _w1 our s9s & _! awful consequ5ces1 caus$ all ! pangs & sorr[s ( ,jesus4 ,come !n let u ca/ ourselves at ! foot ( t cross1 & cry al\d = m]cy ) a contrite & humble he>t1 :i* ,he w nev] despise4 ,to ,!e alone1 %all we say1 h we s9n$1 & h done evil be=e !e2 yet h m]cy on u1 ,o ,god1 accord+ to ?y great m]cy4 ,& ?\1 ,o bless$ ,virg9 & ,"m1 :o /&e/ 9 sil5t angui% b5ea? ! cross ( ?y agonis+ ,son#ef1 w\ld t we c\ld feel love & sorr[ l unto ?9e4 ,eja mat] fons amoris ,me s5tire vim doloris ,fac1 ut tecum lugeam4 ,fac1 ut ardeat cor meum ,9 am&o ,*ri/um ,deum1 ,ut sibi complaceam4 ,am54 ,footnote #df3 ,see also ,palm]'s ,orig9es ,liturgicae1 ,vol4 #a ,antiq4 ( ! ,engli% ritual c4 #a1 p4 #a4 ,bo? writ]s d n hesitate to admit t ! brevi>y is ! great s\rce ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&'s ,morn+ & ,ev5+ pray]4 ,footnote #dg3 ,our div9e ,"l sometimes pass$ ! night 9 pray]2 & ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 z ,pl9y in=ms 8 ma/] ,trajan1 us$ to assemble be=e ! light to s+ a hymn to ,*ri/4 ,lucian z well z ,ammianus ,m>cell9us compla9$ ( _! sp5d+ ! night 9 s++ hymns4 ,s4 ,j]ome 9 f9e writes to ,eu/o*4 7,ep4 #bb7 t besides ! daily h\rs ( pray]s we %\ld rise twice & ?rice at night4 ,footnote #dh3 ,9 ! mass & (fice = ! dead sev]al pray]s & c]emonies o!rwise prescrib$ are omitt$3 s on ?is occasion1 says ,b5$ict ,,xiv1 ! *ur* =gett+ all ?+s else ?9ks only ( bewail+ ! s9s ( mank9d1 & condol+ ) ,*ri/ our ,r$eem] 9 ,8 suff]+s4 ,z = ! antiquity ( ?is s]vice1 ,m>t5e rem>ks 7lib4 ,,iv1 c4 #bb7 t ! ord] ( ! nocturnal & diurnal (fices ( holy-?ursday is f\nd1 su* z we n[ obs]ve x1 9 ! anci5t ,antiphon>ium ( ! ,roman *ur*1 & 9 t ( ,s4 ,gregory publi%$ by ,b4 ,tommasi1 s t !re has be5 sc>cely any v>iation dur+ ! la/ ?irte5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,footnote #di3 ,:5 ! ,pope (ficiates1 ! eight c&les ov] ! cancellata are light$3 six are light$ = a ,c>d9al1 & f\r = a ,bi%op4 ,amal>ius prie/ ( ,metz 9 ! n9? c5tury 7,de ord9e antiphon>ii71 m5tions ! ext9ction ( ! lights 9 ! (fice ( ^! ?ree days4 ,x w\ld seem h[ev]1 t x 0 n !n cu/om>y at ,rome1 = ,!odore1 ar*deacon ( ! ,roman *ur*1 9 answ] to 8 enquiries _h said to him ,i am usually ) ! ,apo/olic ,"l at ! ,lat]an1 :5 ! (fice ( ,co5a ,dom9i 7,holy ,?ursday7 is celebrat$1 & x is n cu/om>y to ext+ui% ! lights4 ,on ,good ,friday !re is no light ( lamps or tap]s 9 ! *ur* 9 ,j]usalem 7,santa ,croce7 z long z ! ,apo/olic ,"l (f]s up solemn pray]s !re1 or :5 ! cross is salut$4 ,?is latt] cu/om is /ill cont9u$4 ,footnote #ej3 ,9 confirmation ( ?is explanation we may obs]ve1 t ! c&le is plac$ beh9d ! alt> aft] ! ,b5$ictus dur+ ! an!m allud+ to ,*ri/'s passion1 & rema9s !re :ile ! v]se ',*ri/ became ob$i5t unto dea?' ! psalm ,mis]]e1 & ! pray] :i* m5tions ! crucifixion1 are sung4 ,footnote #ea3 ,see su* op9ions ap4 ,b5$ict4 ,,xiv1 ,de fe/is ,lib4 #a1 c4 #e4 ,! sy/em ( ,du ,v]t1 :o w\ld reject all my/ical & symbolical significations attribut$ to ! *ur*-c]emonies1 has be5 satisfactorily confut$ by ,langlet1 ,le ,brun1 ,t\rnely & o!r div9es4 ,footnote #eb3 ,t>t9i's & ,pis>i's la/$ only "o ye> ea*4 ,footnote #ec3 ,p]sons1 :o g imm$iately aft] ! s]vice 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel to ,s4 ,pet]'s1 are g5]ally 9 "t = "p if n ! :ole ( ! ,mis]]e sung 9 t ,basilic4 ,! compositions ( ,fioravanti ! late1 ,basili ! pres5t1 ma/]1 & ,z+>elli1 are sung !re4 ,footnote #ed3 ,see ,rem9isc5ces ( ,rome4 ,lett] #d?4 ,london1 #ahch ,on pilgrimages & pilgrims see ,mores ,ca?olici ,book #d?1 *4 #e?4 ,s4 ,philip ,n]i f\nd$ ! ,confrat]nity ( ,tr9ita dei ,pellegr9i4 ,footnote #ee3 444 lia fatto alla guancia ,della sua palma sospir&o letto4 ,dante ,pur4 ,,vii4 ,s$ frons laeta p>um et dejecto lum9a vultu4 ,virg4 ,a,eu4 ,,vi1 #hfc4 ,see ! le>n$ canon4 ,de ,jorio's ,munica degli anti*i1 art4 ,dolore1 ,me/izia4 ,we may add t conqu]$ prov9ces are (t5 repres5t$ 9 a simil> attitude z /atues1 on bas-reliefs1 & on m$als4 ,see = in/ance1 ,judaea ,capta1 a rev]se ( ,vespasian1 ap4 ,addison1 ,dialogues on anci5t m$als4 ,footnote #ef3 ,n[ !re /ood by ! cross ( ,jesus 8 "m4 ,john ,,xix1 #be4 ,,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,,on ,,! ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,holy ,,?ursday ,,cont5ts4 ,g5]al "* ( ! liturgy ( holy ?ursday--its anci5t =m--bless+ ( ! oils at ,s4 ,pet]'s1 communion "u "o k9d--orig9 & explanation ( ! bless+ & salutation ( ! oils--,high mass 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel1 troccole--procession ( ! ,b4 ,sacram5t to ! ,paul9e *apel--antiquity ( processions--res]vation ( ! ,b4 ,sacram5t--,papal b5$iction f ,s4 ,pet]'s1 flabelli--bull 9 ,co5a ,dom9i--wa%+ ( ! feet--d9n] ( ! apo/les--antiquity & mean+ ( ?is cu/om ( wa%+ feet--cu/oms ( o!r *ur*es3 ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 ,mi*elangelo1 ,dante--,c>d9als' public d9n] etc4--,t5ebrae3 ,c>d4 ,p5it5ti>y--recapitulation ( ! pr9cipal c]emonies ( ! day--,s4 ,pet]'s on holy ?ursday-ev5+3 wa%+ ( ! high-alt>--antiquity & mean+ ( ! /ripp+ & wa%+ ( ! alt>s--conclusion4 ,be=e ! fe/ival day ( ! pas*1 ,jesus kn[+ t 8 h\r 0 come1 t he %\ld pass out ( ?is _w to ! ,fa!r1 hav+ lov$ 8 own :o 7 9 ! _w1 he lov$ !m to ! end4 ,john ,,xiii1 #a4 ,sid5ote3 ,liturgy ( holy-?ursday ,dur+ ! la/ ?ree days ( holy-week ! *ur* celebrates ! fun]al obsequies ( h] ,div9e ,sp\se3 & h5ce !re are num]\s signs ( m\rn+ 9 h] temples1 9 h] liturgy1 & 9 ! dress ( h] m9i/]s4 ,on ?ursday h[ev]1 a pass+ gleam ( heav5ly light irradiates ! solemn gloom 9 :i* %e is envelop$3 = on ?is day ,jesus ,*ri/1 hav+ lov$ 8 own ev5 unto ! end1 in/itut$ ! holy sacram5t1 ! /aff ( our pilgrimage1 our solace 9 affliction1 our /r5g? 9 temptation1 ! s\rce ( all virtue1 & ! pl$ge ( ev]la/+ life4 ,accord+ly ! liturgy ( holy-?ursday be>s ! impress bo? ( sorr[ & ( gladness3 x is n unlike a fitful day ( ,april 9 our nor!rn climes1 :5 ! sun n[ bur/s f ! cl\ds :i* _h conceal$ 8 brilliancy1 & n[ once m ! sky is %r\d$ 9 murky gloom--an apt emblem ?is ( ! ov]-*ang+ /ate ( man1 :o at "o mom5t quaffs ! inebriat+ cup ( e>?ly joys1 & yet a little1 & x is da%$ f 8 grasp2 & sickness1 sorr[ & dea? are 8 portion4 ,sid5ote3 its anci5t =m4 ,anci5tly ?ree masses us$ to be celebrat$ at ,rome#eg on ?is day1 z is evid5t f ! sacram5t>y ( pope ,gelasius2 & at all ! ?ree ! ,pope himself (ficiat$4 ,at ! fir/ ! public p5it5ts 7 absolv$3#eh at ! second ! oils 7 bless$2 ! la/ 7ad vesp]t9um (ficium7 0 int5d$ to commemorate ! in/itution ( ! bless$ ,sacram5t4 ,public p5ance gradually decl9$ 9 ! we/]n *ur* aft] ! sev5? c5tury2 & ! ?ree masses are n[ r$uc$ to "o4 ,t ( ! ,sixt9e *apel1 at :i* ! ,pope assi/s1 diff]s v little f ord9>y ,masses celebrat$ !re1 & ! conc\rse ( p]sons is g5]ally v great4 ,sid5ote3 ,bless+ ( ! oils at ,s4 ,pet]'s ,sid5ote3 ,communion "u "o k9d4 ,! oils are bless$ 9 ,s4 ,pet]'s dur+ mass1 by ! ,c>d4 ar*prie/1 or a ,bi%op 9 8 /ead4 ,!y are ?ree1 viz4 #a ! oil ( cate*um5s1 us$ 9 bless+ baptism1 9 consecrat+ *ur*es & alt>s1 9 orda9+ prie/s1 & 9 bless+ & cr[n+ sov]eigns3 #b ! oil ( ! sick us$ 9 adm9i/]+ extreme unction & 9 bless+ bells3 #c sacr$ *rism1 compos$ ( oil1 & balm ( ,gilead or ( ! we/ ,indies#ei3 x is us$ 9 conf]r+ baptism & confirmation1 9 ! consecration ( bi%ops1 ( pat5s & *alices1 & 9 ! bless+ ( bells4 ,! ,roman ,pontifical prescribes1 t besides ! bi%op & ! usual m9i/]s1 !re %\ld be pres5t twelve prie/s1 sev5 deacons1 & sev5 subdeacons1 all habit$ 9 :ite ve/m5ts4 ,aft] ! elevation at ^? words ( ! canon1 ,p] quem haec omnia etc4 a little be=e ! ,pat] no/]1 ! ,bi%op sits d[n be=e a table fac+ ! alt>1 & exorcises & blesses ! oil = ! sick1 :i* is br\ght 9 by a subdeacon4 ,he !n proce$s ) ! mass1 & gives communion to ! m9i/]s & ! re/ ( ! "u ! =m ( bread alone#fj4 ,hav+ receiv$ ! ablutions1 he returns to ! table above m5tion$1 & awaits ! com+ ( ! procession ( ! prie/s1 deacons1 subdeacons etc4 ,9 x1 ! balsam is c>ri$ by a subdeacon1 etc4 ! oil = ! *rism & t = ! cate*um5s by two deacons3 & meantime ! *oir s+s appropriate v]ses4 ,! bi%op blesses ! balsam1 & mixes x ) "s oil2 he !n brea!s ?ree times 9 ! =m ( a cross ov] ! vessel ( *rism1 z d ! twelve prie/s also4 ,next foll[s ! bless+1 & !n ! salutation1 ( ! *rism3 ! latt] is made #c times by ! bi%op & ea* ( ! twelve prie/s 9 succession1 say+1 ,hail holy *rism1 aft] :i* !y kiss ! vessel :i* conta9s x4 ,! oil ( cate*um5s is bless$ & salut$ 9 l mann]3 & ! procession returns to ! sacri/y2 9 ! mean "t ! bi%op concludes ! mass2 & ?us ?is solemn rite t]m9ates4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( ! bless+ ( ! oils4 ,! oil ( ! sick is m5tion$ 9 ! well-kn[n passage ( ,/4 ,james ,v1 #ad ,is any man sick among y2 let him br+ 9 ! prie/s ( ! *ur*1 & let !m pray ov] him1 ano9t+ him ) oil 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l etc4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury also1 ,pope ,innoc5t ,i obs]ves t x is ! (fice ( ! bi%op to make or prep>e 7confic]e7 ?is holy ( *rism or unction3 & 9 ! ,sacram5t>y ( ,pope ,gregory ! great ! rite2 by :i* ?is oil 0 bless$ & adm9i/]$ to ! sick1 is describ$4 ,*rism & ! oil ( cate*um5s also are m5tion$ by _m anci5t ,fa!rs4 7,see ,turnely ,t4 #g de ,sacram4 ,bapt4 et ,confirm1 etc47#fa ,/4 ,basil 9 ! #d? c5tury attributes ! orig9 ( ! cu/om ( bless+ ! oils to tradition4 ,we bless ! wat] ( baptism & ! oil ( unction1 z well z ! p]son :o receives baptism4 ,by :at scriptures8 ,is x n f sil5t & secret tradition8 7,de ,spir4 ,s4 c4 #bg74 ,x is m5tion$ also 9 ! second & ?ird c\ncils ( ,c>?age1 by ,s4 ,cyprian1 :o says ,! eu*>i/1 & ! oil1 ) :i* ! baptis$ are ano9t$1 are sanctifi$ at ! alt>4 ,ep4 #gj4 ,x w\ld appe> h[ev] f ! #bj? canon ( ! fir/ c\ncil ( ,tol$o t anci5tly *rism c\ld be bless$ at any "t2 & h5ce ,b5$ict ,,xiv is ( op9ion1 t ! cu/om ( bless+ x only on holy ,?ursday began ab\t ! sev5? c5tury2 = x is m5tion$ 9 ! ,sacram5t>y ( ,s4 ,gregory1 9 ! old ,ordo ,romanus1 & 9 o!r works writt5 aft] t p]iod4 ,?is day has be5 ) reason *os5 = ?is c]emony1 z ,/4 ,?omas obs]ves1 9 ord] t ! *rism may be prep>$ = ! solemn baptism adm9i/]$ on ,ea/] ,eve2 & because on x ! ,eu*>i/ic sacram5t1 = :i* ! o!r sacram5ts are z x 7 prep>atory1 0 in/itut$4 ,s4 ,isidore h[ev] assigns a diff]5t reason1 viz4 t two days be=e ! pas* ,m>y ano9t$ ! head & feet ( ! ,"l4 ,de ,divi ,(f4 lib4 #b1 c4 #bh4 ,sid5ote3 ,mean+ ( ! c]emonies already describ$4 ,p\get 7,in/itut4 ,ca?4 t4 #b1 c4 #h7 proves t ! bless+ ( ! oils orig9ates 9 apo/olic tradition1 z ,/4 ,basil cit$ above obs]ves4 ,he proves also t s9ce ! fif? & six? c5turies ! bi%op & prie/s us$ to brea! ?ree times ov] ! *rism & oil ( cate*um5s1 & to salute !m ) ! words ,ave sanctum *risma3 ave sanctum oleum4 ,our ,savi\r brea!d on ,8 apo/les1 :5 ,he said ',receive ye ! holy ,gho/'3 & h5ce 8 m9i/]s brea! ov] ! *rism1 by :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ is conf]r$ 9 confirmation1 & ov] ! oil ( cate*um5s1 :i* is us$ 9 o!r sacr$ rites4 ,respect is paid to !m1 because !y are employ$ 9 ,god's s]vice1 & h5ce x is a relative respect direct$ to ,him4 ,an ard5t s\l w nev] hesitate to address inanimate objects2 9 fact "s ( ! f9e/ passages ( anci5t & mod]n oratory are apo/rophes ( ?is nature#fb4 ,s4 ,&rew is said to h salut$ ! cross1 on :i* he suff]$1 ,s4 ,paula ! bir?-place ( our div9e ,"l2 & !irs 7 words ( love ( ,god1 & n ( idolatry4 ,sid5ote3 ,high mass 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel4 ,9 ! ,sixt9e *apel ! crucifix & tape/ry ov] ! alt> are cov]$ ) a :ite & n a purple veil2 ! ?rone also is :ite1 & ! ,pope is ve/$ 9 a :ite cope4 ,on ! ri* fac+ ( ! alt> is repres5t$ ,*ri/ dead1 ,8 desc5t into limbo1 & ,8 resurrection4 ,! c>d9al dean g5]ally celebrates ! high mass1 aft] ! ,gloria 9 excelsis ( :i* no bells are all[$ to be toll$ 9 ,rome 7except at ! papal b5$iction7 b 9 _! /ead are us$ troccole or bo>ds /ruck ) iron3 ?is practice is obs]v$ until ! ,gloria 9 excelsis is sung 9 ! papal *apel on ! foll[+ saturday-morn+#fc4 ,aft] ! (f]tory ( ! mass ,pale/r9a's motet ,fratres ego enim is sung2 ( :i* ,ba9i says t he does n hesitate to affirm t x resembles z closely z possible ! music ( heav54 ,two ho/s are consecrat$1 "o ( :i* is receiv$ by ! celebrant1 & ! o!r de/9$ = ! foll[+ day is put into a *alice1 :i* ! deacon cov]s ) a pat5 & palla or l95 clo?1 z ! dead body ( ,*ri/ 0 wrapp$ 9 f9e l95#fd4 ,m>k ,,xv1 #df4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! canon twelve light$ tor*es are br\ght 9 by bussolanti2 & aft] ! elevation two ma/]s ( c]emonies di/ribute among ! c>d9als & o!rs c&les c>ri$ by cl]ks ( ! *apel1 9 prep>ation = ! procession4 ,! usual kiss ( peace is n giv51 f dete/ation ( ! trea*]\s kiss giv5 ?is day by ,judas to 8 div9e ma/]1 z ,alcu9 rem>ks#fe4 ,sid5ote3 ,antiquity ( processions ,imm$iately aft] mass ! c>d9al celebrant ) 8 m9i/]s leaves ! *apel2 ! o!r c>d9als1 bi%ops & mitr$ abbots1 put on _! respective sacr$ ve/m5ts1 & ! ,uditori di ,rota1 ! ,*]ici di ,cam]a1 ,votanti1 & ,abbreviatiori1 _! surplices3 ! o!r prelates we> _! usual cappe4 ,!y all n[ accompany ! ,b4 ,sacram5t to ! ,paul9e *apel#ff 9 solemn procession1 :i* is regulat$ l t ( palm-,sunday4 ,! s+]s g to ! sala regia1 illum9at$ ) l>ge cornucopia1 & !re beg9 to s+ ! ,pange l+ua 7a hymn 9 hon\r ( ! holy ,sacram5t7 z soon z ! cross cov]$ ) a purple veil appe>s3 ! la/ v]ses ( x are sung 9 ! ,paul9e *apel1 :i* is spl5didly illum9at$4 ,! c>d9als be>+ _! mitres & tor*es prec$e two by two ! ,holy ,fa!r1 :o b>e-head$ & on foot c>ries ! bless$ ,sacram5t "u a canopy support$ by eight assi/ant bi%ops or protonot>ies#fg4 ,:5 ! ,pope rea*es ! alt>1 ! fir/ c>d9al deacon receives f ,8 h&s ! ,b4 ,sacram5t1 & prec$$ by tor*es c>ries x to ! upp] "p ( ! mac*9a2 ,m4 ,sagri/a places x )9 ! urn commonly call$ ! sepul*re1 :]e x is inc5s$ by ! ,pope2 9 ! mean "t ! conclusion ( ! hymn is sung4 ,m4 ,sagri/a !n %uts ! sepul*re1 & deliv]s ! key to ?y ,c>d4 ,p5it5ti>y1 :o is to (ficiate on ! foll[+ day4 ,sid5ote3 ,res]vation ( ! ,b4 ,sacram5t4 ,two objects are obta9$ by ?is cu/om2 #a/4 ! bless$ sacram5t is solemnly pres]v$ = ! adoration ( ! fai?ful on ?is anniv]s>y ( its in/itution1 z well z = ! prie/'s communion on good friday#fh2 #bnd4 ! burial ( our div9e ,savi\r is repres5t$3 ?is is anticipat$1 9 ord] t ! pr9cipal alt> may be /rip$1 9 sign ( m\rn+1 & z ,he 0 /ripp$ be=e ,8 crucifixion4 ,sid5ote3 ,papal b5$iction3 flabelli4 ,sid5ote3 ,bulla 9 ,co5a ,dom9a4 ,! procession1 ( :i* we h already spok51 aft]w>ds proce$s f ! ,paul9e *apel to ! loggia 9 front ( ,s4 ,pet]'s3 b ! ,pope1 z he no long] c>ries ! ,b4 ,sacram5t1 we>s 8 mitre1 & is seat$ 9 8 s$ia ge/atoria "u a canopy c>ri$ by eight ,ref]5d>ii#fi2 & ! flabelli#gj are c>ri$ at ea* side ( ,him4 ,he n[ gives 8 solemn b5$iction to ! multitude assembl$ be=e ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,?is h[ev] is repeat$ ) ev5 great] spl5d\r on ,ea/]-,sunday1 z well z on ! ,asc5sion & ,assumption2 & we %all !re=e res]ve a description ( x to ano!r occasion1 especially s9ce g5]ally speak+1 p]sons :o are anxi\s to witness ! lav&a or wa%+ ( ! feet w f9d x difficult to be pres5t also at ! ,b5$iction#ga4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ ( ! feet4 ,aft] ! b5$iction1 ! c>d9als & o!rs take (f _! sacr$ ve/m5ts1 & resume _! cappe1 :i* !y we> dur+ ! lav&a or wa%+ ( ! feet4 ,?is n[ takes place 9 ,s4 ,pet]s1 9 a side-*apel adorn$ ) two arazzi2 "o repres5t+ ,leon>do ,da ,v9ci's la/ supp] is plac$ beh9d ! b5*es prep>$ = ! prie/s ^: feet are to be wa%$ by ! ,pope3 & ! o!r1 :i* repres5ts ,provid5ce seat$ on ! globe betwe5 ,ju/ice & ,*>ity1 above two lions hold+ bann]s ( ! *ur*1 is plac$ ov] ! ?rone4 ,! ,pope is habit$ 9 a r$ cope1 & we>s a mitre4 ,seat$ on ,8 ?rone1 & surr\nd$ by c>d9als1 prelates1 & o!r dignit>ies ( ,8 c\rt1 ,he puts inc5se into ! ?urible1 be+ assi/$ z usual by ! fir/ ,c>d9al prie/4 ,he !n gives ! bless+1 usual be=e ! gospel is sung1 to ! ,c>d9al-deacon habit$ 9 8 sacr$ ve/m5ts1 :o s+s t beautiful passage ( ! gospel ( ,s4 ,john1 :i* expla9s ! orig9 ( ?is c]emony3 ,jesus kn[+ t 8 h\r 0 come1 t he %\ld pass out ( ?is _w to ! ,fa!r1 hav+ lov$ 8 own :o 7 9 ! _w1 he lov$ !m to ! end4 ,kn[+ t ! ,fa!r _h giv5 him all ?+s into 8 h&s1 he began to wa% ! feet ( 8 disciples1 & wipe !m ) ! t[el :]e) he 0 gird$1 & he said to !m2 ,if ,i be+ ,"l & ,ma/] h wa%$ y\r feet1 y also ought to wa% "o ano!r's feet2 = ,i h giv5 y an example1 t z ,i h done to y1 s y d also4 ,at ! end ( ! gospel1 ! ,pope kisses ! book1 ! ,c>d9al ,deacon inc5ses ,him z usual1 & ! *oir beg9s to s+ beautiful an!ms allusive to ! affect+ c]emony1 & recomm5d+ *>ity1 ! di/9ctive virtue ( ,*ri/ians1 m preci\s ?an ev5 fai? & hope4 ,! ,pope's cope is !n tak5 (f1 & a t[el is fa/5$ to 8 girdle by ! assi/+ ,c>d4 deacons2 & !n1 9 imitation ( 8 ,div9e ,ma/]1 he wa%es & kisses ! "r foot#gb ( #ac prie/s1 call$ ! apo/les1 dress$ 9 cappe ( :ite clo?1 & we>+ high cap1 :i* 9 =m resemble ^? on ! bas-reliefs ( ,p]sepolis3 ea* ( !m receives f ,him a t[el1 & a nosegay1 besides a gold & silv] m$al pres5t$ by ! ,treasur]#gc4 ,! ,pope !n returns to 8 ?rone1 wa%es 8 h&s#gd is ve/$ once m 9 ! cope1 & recites ! ,our ,fa!r & ! conclud+ pray]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,d9n] ( ! apo/les4 ,8 ,hol9ess aft]w>ds waits on ! #ac apo/les at table1 9 a hall 9 ! ,vatican palace1 7at pres5t 9 ! hall above ! portico ( ,s4 ,pet]'s71 giv+ !m wat] to wa% _! h&s1 help+ !m to s\p1 "o or m di%es1 & p\r+ out w9e & wat] = !m once or twice4 ,! plates are h&$ to ,him by prelates ( mantelletta1 & dur+ ! c]emony "o ( ,8 *apla9s reads a spiritual book4 ,he !n gives !m 8 bless+1 wa%es ,8 h&s1 & dep>ts4 ,:i* is great] says our ,savi\r1 he t sitte? at table or he t s]ve?8 ,is n he t sitte? at table8 b ,i am 9 ! mid/ ( y z he t s]ve?8 ,sid5ote3 ,antiquity & mean+ ( ! lav&a4 ,f ! mo/ remote antiquity1 x 0 cu/om>y among ! ,hebrews & o!r nations1 t ! feet ( /rang]s & gue/s %\ld be wa%$ be=e !y recl9$ at table1 z !y _h (t5 travell$ on foot4 ,?us ! angels ent]ta9$ by ,abraham & ,lot 7,g54 ,,xviii1 ,,xix71 7 suppli$ ) wat] to wa% _! feet3 ,abraham's s]vants 9 ! h\se ( ,laban1 & ! bro!rs ( ,joseph1 :5 receiv$ by him1 wa%$ _! feet4 7,g54 ,,xliii1 #bd7ge4 ,9 ^! cases h[ev] ! gue/ wa%$ 8 own feet2 & h5ce ! condesc5sion ( our ,div9e ,"l 0 an act n ( hospitality or *>ity alone1 b also ( pr(\nd humility2 & accord+ly he put on a t[el or apron1 l an ord9>y slave1 z ,f]r>i obs]ves 7,de ,re ,ve/i>ia p>4 #a74 ,mo/ int]pret]s are ( op9ion1 t ,*ri/ wa%$ ! feet ( ,8 disciples t[>ds ! close ( ! ord9>y supp]1 & %ortly be=e ,he in/itut$ ! holy ,sacram5t2 9 ord] to signify ! purity ) :i* x %\ld be receiv$4 ,8 example 0 imitat$ by ,8 disciples1 & accord+ly ,s4 ,paul 7#a ,tim4 ,v1 #aj7 speaks ( wid[s :o h wa%$ ! sa9ts' feet1 z ,magdal5 _h wa%$ ^? ( our ,"l4 ,9 ! ,roman *ur*1 z 9 t ( ,bologna1 x has be5 = _m ages cu/om>y = ! ,bi%op to wa% feet on ?is day4 ,9 ! ,ordo ,romanus ( ,c5cius ,cam]>ius x is m5tion$1 t ! ,roman ,pontiff aft] mass wa%$ ! feet ( twelve subdeacons1 & aft] d9n] ( #ac poor p]sons1 or accord+ to ! ,ord9es ,romani publi%$ by ,mabillon1 ( #ab deacons4 ,! ,c]emoniale1 attribut$ to ,m>cellus ar*bi%op ( ,corcyra1 prescribes t ! ,pope %\ld wa% ! feet ( ?irte5 poor m54 ,v>i\s causes are assign$ by diff]5t au?ors to expla91 :y ! numb] is ?irte51 & n twelve z 0 t ( ! apo/les4 7,see ,b5$ict ,,xiv1 ,de ,fe/is1 lib4 ,i1 c4 ,,vi1 ,sec4,sec4 #eg1 #eh74 ,! mo/ probable acc\nt1 we ?9k1 is t ! ?irte5? apo/le 0 add$ 9 memory ( ! angel1 :o is believ$ to h appe>$ among ! #ab poor gue/s ( ,s4 ,gregory ! great1 :ile he 0 ex]cis+ unit$ *>ity & humility4 ,a pa9t+ ( ?is ev5t may be se5 9 "o ( ! *apels ne> 8 *ur* on ! ,caelian m\nt1 9 :i* is pres]v$ ! table1 at :i* he daily f$ twelve poor p]sons4 7,see ! passage ( ,john ! deacon cit$ above 9 ! note74 ,! two cu/oms ( wa%+ ! feet fir/ ( #ab1 & !n ( #ac1 h be5 r$uc$ to "o1 & 9 x ! numb] #ac is pres]v$#gf4 ,sid5ote3 ,c>d9als' public d9n]4 ,till )9 ! la/ few ye>s ! ,c>d9als us$ to d9e 9 public at ! ,vatican on holy ,?ursday & good ,friday1 t !y might be sp>$ ! tr\ble ( return+ to _! respective palaces be=e ,t5ebrae2 & anci5tly ! ,pope us$ to d9e ) !m at ! ,lat]an palace1 9 ! hall call$ ! ,tricl9ium ,leonianum#gg4 ,! ,pontiff wore on su* occasions 8 cope & mitre1 & ! ,c>d9als 7 habit$ 9 sacr$ ve/m5ts ) mitres4 ,aft] d9n] a s]mon 0 prea*$ be=e ! ,c>d9als4 ,mons4 ,maggiordomo us$ to invite on ^! days prelates1 (fic]s1 & o!rs engag$ 9 ! cappella or palace1 to a d9n] at :i* he presid$4 ,sid5ote3 ,t5ebrae etc4 ,sid5ote3 ,recapitulation4 ,9 ! aft]noon1 at ! (fice ( ,t5ebrae1 among o!r signs ( m\rn+1 ! cross is veil$ 9 black1 & ! c&les are ( yell[ wax3 ! ,pope's ?rone is /ripp$ ( its usual ornam5ts1 & is )\t a canopy3 ! c>d9als' & prelates' b5*es also are )\t c>pets4 ,! ,c>d9al ,p5it5ti>y goes to ,s4 ,pet]'s1 :]e ! m9or ,p5it5ti>ies are ,conv5tuals ( ,s4 ,francis4 ,we h spok5 on ^! subjects 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s4 ,we may "h recapitulate ! pr9cipal c]emonies ( ! day1 z ,morcelli has done 9 8 ,cal5d>4 ,! oils are bless$ 9 ,s4 ,pet]'s2 ! ,pope assi/s at mass 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel1 c>ries ! ,b4 ,sacram5t to ! ,paul9e *apel1 gives ,8 solemn b5$iction f ,s4 ,pet]'s1 wa%es ! feet ( ?irte5 prie/s & s]ves !m at table4 ,9 ! aft]noon ,t5ebrae 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel2 & ! ,c>d9al great ,p5it5ti>y goes to ,s ,pet]'s4 ,sid5ote3 ,s4 ,pet]'s on holy ?ursday-ev5+4 ,9 ?is basilic ! ,b4 ,sacram5t is pres]v$ amid _m lights 9 ! ,sepul*re 9 a side-*apel#gh1 & sev]al confrat]nities come 9 procession to v5]ate ! relics1 ( :i* we %all speak 9 ! next *apt]4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ! cross1 :i* us$ on holy-,?ursday & good-,friday to gl[ ) #fbh lights#gi1 & to produce a spl5did effect by ! *i>oscuro :i* result$ f x 9 ?is va/ & magnific5t fabric1 is no long] susp5d$ be=e ! ,confession1 9 consequ5ce ( irrev]5t conduct on prec$+ occasions4 ,sid5ote3 ,wa%+ ( ! alt>4 ,!re /ill rema9s ano!r rem>kable c]emony cu/om>y 9 ,s4 ,pet]'s on holy-,?ursday4 ,aft] ! (fice ( ,t5ebrae1 ! *apt] ( t basilica proce$s 9 procession f ! *apel ( ! *oir to ! high alt>4 ,! black /oles :i* six ( ! canons we>1 & ! yell[ & ext+ui%$ tap]s ( ! acoly!s1 are signs ( m\rn+ = ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/4 ,!y all c>ry elegant asp]gilli#hj ( box or o!r wood1 & hav+ pray$ = a %ort "t 9 sil5ce1 !y *ant ! an!m ,!y divid$ my g>m5ts etc4 & ! psalm ,o ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ ab&on$ me8 ,a f9e clo?1 :i* cov]$ ! alt>1 is !n remov$ f x1 & ! ,c>d9al-prie/ ( ! *ur* & ! six canons p\r :9e ^u ! alt>1 & wa% x ) _! asp]gilli or bru%es4 ,aft] ! o!r canons1 b5efic$ cl]gym51 etc4 h 9 turn wa%$ x 9 l mann]3 ! ,c>d9al & ! six canons beg9 to dry x ) sponges & t[els3 all !n kneel d[n1 & ! c]emony concludes ) ! v]se ,*ri/ became ob$i5t unto dea? etc4 ! ,our ,fa!r1 & ! pray] ( ! day ,look d[n1 we besee* !e etc4#ha ,! *apt] !n v5]ates ! relics %ewn z usual f ! gall]y above ,s4 ,v]onica's /atue4 ,sid5ote3 ,antiquity & mean+ ( ^! c]emonies4 ,! /ripp+ ( ! alt>s1 :i* is practis$ on ?is day ?r\gh\t ! we/]n *ur*1 is m5tion$ 9 ! mo/ anci5t ,ordo ,romanus3 inde$ anci5tly ! alt>s us$ to be /ripp$ e day1 z ,du ,v]t 7,c]emon4 de l',eglise ,t4 ,,iv47 & ,cancelli]i 7,de ,secret>iis ,t4 ,,iv47 h %ewn4 ,! cu/om ( wa%+ ! alt> is obs]v$ 9 ! ,lat9 *ur* 9 ^? ( ! ,dom9icans & ,c>melites2 & also accord+ to ,b5$ict ,,xiv 9 _m *ur*es ( ,france1 ,g]many & o!r remote c\ntries among :i* ,cancelli]i reckons ,spa94 ,x is m5tion$ by ,s4 ,isidore 7lib4 de ,eccles4 ,(fic4 c4 #ah7 by ,alcu9 7de div9is (fic47 & 9 ! ,s>um1 ,p>isian & _m o!r missals quot$ by ,m>t5e4 ,:at h[ev] is its mean+8 ,:ile ,monsignor ,battelli1 9 8 diss]tation on ! subject1 ma9ta9s t ?is cu/om 0 in/itut$ = ! sake ( cleanl9ess1 r ?an f a wi% to d5ote any my/]y1 & t ?is day 0 select$ z ! mo/ conv5i5t1 because ! alt>s 7 already /ripp$2 ! abbot ,rup]t & ,belet discov] my/ical mean+s 9 ! sponges1 t[els1 w9e1 wat]1 & ev5 asp]gilli4 ,we pref] a middle c\rse1 & :ile we are will+ to admit ) ,dur&us & o!rs an allusion 9 ! w9e & wat] to ! blood & wat] :i* fl[$ f our ,savi\r on ! cross1 we ma9ta9 ) ! le>n$ ,s4 ,isidore1 ,s4 ,eligius1 ,b5$ict ,,xiv & o!rs1 t we wa% ! alt>1 ! symbol ( ,*ri/1 f motives ( respect to ,him1 :o on ?is day wa%$ ! feet ( ,8 disciples4 ,two great virtues are embodi$ 9 ! c]emonies ( ?is day1 & imp>t to !m _! life & lovel9ess3 !y are ! ess5tial & *>act]i/ic virtues ( ,*ri/ians1 by ! practice ( :i* !y imitate _! div9e ,ma/] & model1 & come at la/ to be unit$ to ,him 9 heav54 ,*ri/ 0 mov$ by *>ity to in/itute ! ,holy ,sacram5t1 & by humility to wa% ,8 disciples feet4 ,let u !n le>n ( him because ,he 0 meek & humble ( he>t1 & let u love "o ano!r1 because ,*ri/ ha? fir/ lov$ u1 & comm&s u to love "o ano!r4 ,footnote #eg3 ,9 ,africa two 7 cu/om>y1 "o 9 ! morn+1 & ! o!r aft] supp]4 ,s4 ,augu/4 ep4 #ed ad ,janu>ium4 ,footnote #eh3 ,= an acc\nt ( ?is anci5t c]emony ! read] may see ,fleury1 ,moeurs des ,*reti5s2 ,funz4 della ,settimana ,santa4 ,m>t5e1 lib4 ,,iv1 #bb4 etc4 ,footnote #ei3 ,balsam is produc$ 9 ! v9ey>ds ( ,engaddi1 & 9 prep>+ *rism x is mix$ ) oil & consecrat$ by ! pontifical b5$iction1 t all ! fai?ful may be sign$ ) ?is unction at confirmation4 ,v54 ,b$e1 9 canlic4 cap4 ,i4 ,! ,greeks bless ! *rism on ! same day z ! ,lat9s1 hav+ prep>$ x a few days previ\sly4 ,see _! ,eu*elogium1 ,ordo ,,viii entitl$1 ,on ! composition ( ! great o9tm5t 9 ! ,co/ant9op4 *ur* ap4 ,m>t5e1 loc4 cit4 ,footnote #fj3 ,only "o prie/ says mass 9 ea* on ?is day & ! o!r prie/s communicate1 z on x ,*ri/ alone said mass1 & di/ribut$ ! ,holy communion to ! apo/les4 ,al?\gh = _m c5turies bo? k9ds 7 ord9>ily receiv$1 yet ! cu/om ( communicat+ "u ! =m ( bread alone is v anci5t4 ,?us 9 "t ( p]secution ! fai?ful us$ to c>ry to _! h\ses ! holy communion "u ! =m ( bread alone1 ! h]mits also pres]v$ x 9 ! des]ts1 ! sick receiv$ x z _! viaticum1 ! m9i/]s ( ,god kept x 9 ! *ur*es1 = _! spiritual support1 & ! bi%ops us$ to s5d x to _! cl]gy 9 tok5 ( _! union 9 *>ity4 ,^! 7 all in/ances ( communion "u "o k9d1 :i* are enum]at$ & prov$ by _m ,ca?olic div9es1 z = in/ance by ,dr4 ,rock 9 8 ,hi]urgia4 ,!y demon/rate ! con/ant belief ( ! *ur*1 t ! :ole sacram5t is receiv$ "u "o k9d only2 & ,*ri/ himself 9 ! scriptures attributes its admirable effects to ! act ( eat+ only z well z to t ( eat+ & dr9k+4 ,he t eate? ?is bread %all live = ev] etc4 ,9 fact s9ce ,8 resurrection ,he die? n[ no m3 ,8 body & blood & s\l & ,div9ity are unit$ toge!r = ev]more1 & consequ5tly ! communicant receives "u ! =m ( bread alone ,*ri/ himself :ole & entire4 ,! ,lat9 *ur* prescrib$ ! g5]al reception ( communion "u "o k9d1 9 ord] to obviate accid5ts :i* frequ5tly arose f ! indiscrim9ate use ( ! *alice1 & 9 opposition to ! error ( ! ,hussites3 ,?us ,paul ,,ii took occasion f ! pres5ce ( ,fr$]ic ,,iii at ,rome1 to give a public & illu/ri\s pro( ( ! condemnation ( ?is new h]esy by ! *ur*1 by giv+ communion "u "o k9d only to ! ,emp]or1 & also to ! deacon & subdeacon1 :o g5]ally communicate "u bo? k9ds :5 ! ,pope s+s mass4 ,9 ! ,greek & o!r ori5tal *ur*es communion is adm9i/]$ "u "o k9d to ! sick & o!rs :o are prev5t$ by di/ance f communicat+ 9 ! *ur*es4 ,! g5]al communion cu/om>y on holy-?ursday is prescrib$ by ! ,engli% bi%op ,walt] 9 ! #aj? c5tury1 9 ! capitul>y ( ,!odulph ( ,orleans1 & by all anci5t pontificals & missals1 accord+ to ,m>t5e ,t4 #c1 p4 #ih4 ,x is practis$ also by ! ,greeks1 z ,leo ,allatius te/ifies4 ,de cons5su utriusque ,ecclesiae lib4 #c4 ,palm] 7,vol4 #b4 p4 #gf7 says ,x is n ess5tial to ! validity ( ! ,sacram5t1 t ! bread %\ld be :ole & entire be=e consecration1 & brok5 aft]w>ds3 b ! ,univ]sal practice ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 d]iv$ f ! apo/les & f ,jesus ,*ri/ himself ought n to be infr+$ 9 ?is matt]4 ,yet ev5 ,bp4 ,middleton :om he quotes 9 ! same page1 says ,:5 !re 7 _m communicants1 9 primitive times1 !re 7 sev]al cakes or loaves1 9 proportion to ! numb]3 & x took "s "t aft] ! consecration 0 f9i%$1 to break & divide !m = di/ribution4 ,ea* p]son communicat$ f 8 own (f]+3 h5ce ,s4 ,augu/9e says ,erubesc]e debet homo idoneus si de ali5a oblatione communicav]it ,s]m4 #bae de ,temp1 any long] ju/ification ( ! g5]al practice ( ! ,roman *ur* w\ld !re=e be sup]flu\s4 ,footnote #fa3 ,f ! frequ5t m5tion ( oil 9 scripture z ! emblem ( spiritual gifts x 0 actually us$ 9 ! primitive *ur* 9 ! c]emonies ( admitt+ cate*um5s1 & 9 baptis+4 ,tracts ( ! ,times1 ,vol4 #a1 no4 #cd4 ,footnote #fb3 ,our ard5t love ( ?is classic soil tempts u to ins]t ! foll[+ noble in/ance f ,cic]o 7pro ,milone ,,xxxi7 ,vos enim jam ,albani tumuli atque luci vos1 inquam1 imploro alque te/] vosque ,albanorum obrutae arae1 sacrorum populi ,romani sociae et aequales1 quas ille praeceps am5tia caesis pro/ratisque sanctissimi lucis sub/ructionum insanis molibus oppress]at3 ve/rae tum arae1 ve/rae religiones vigu]unt1 ve/ra vis valuit1 quam ille 7,clodius7 omni scel]e pollu>at3 tuque ex tuo edito monte1 ,lati>is sancte ,jupit]1 cujus ille lacus1 nemora1 f9esque saepe omni nef>io /upro et scel]e macul>at1 aliquaudo ad eum puni5dum oculos ap]ui/i3 vobis illae1 vobis ve/ro 9 conspecta s]ae s$ ju/ae tam5 et debitae pa5ae solutae sunt4 ,footnote #fc3 ,^! troccole 7 =m]ly call$ by ! h>d names ( crepitacula ligna congregantia1 mallei excitatorii4 ,! ,greeks us$ !m anci5tly1 z ,m>t5e proves f a libellus de miraculis ,ana/asii pres5t$ to ! second c\ncil ( ,nice1 f ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om's life by ,metaphra/es etc4 etc4 ,9 mod]n times also !y cont9ue to use !m4 ,b5$ict ,,xiv obs]ves t ! practice ( ! ,lat9 *ur* on ^! days is int5d$ to pres]ve ! remembrance ( ! anci5t cu/om4 ,x is also evid5tly int5d$1 l ! rev]s$ arms ( ! soldi]s1 z a sign ( m\rn+ = ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,?is sil5ce ( ! bells is prescrib$ 9 ! anci5t rituals3 my/ical int]pret]s assign z a reason1 t !y signify ,*ri/'s prea*]s & apo/les1 :o 7 sil5t dur+ ! suff]+s ( _! ,ma/]4 ,footnote #fd3 ,s4 ,greg4 ,turon4 ,de mirac4 ,s4 ,m>t9i oblatis sup] alt>e sacris mun]ibus1 my/]ioque ,corporis et ,sangu9is ,*ri/i palla ex m coop]to41 ,vid4 ,bona4 ,lib4 ,,ii1 c4 #ac4 n4 #ab4 ,footnote #fe3 ,?is mass is f\nd 9 ! ,antiphon>y & ,sacram5t>y ( ,pope ,gregory ! great2 9 all *ur*es b ! ,roman1 z ,m>l5e obs]ves1 vesp]s 7 jo9$ ) ! mass on ?is day1 z !y are on holy ,saturday ?r\gh\t ! ,lat9 *ur*4 ,on holy-?ursday ! ,pope us$ g5]ally to prea* aft] ! gospel1 & 9 ! mean "t ! ,c>d9als /ripp$ ! alt>3 aft] ! s]mon ! ,pope bless$ ! p z usual1 & !n began ! ,cr$o1 accord+ to ,b5$ict1 ,canon ( ,s4 ,pet]'s4 ,8 ,hol9ess drank on ?is day directly f ! *alice1 & did n use ! gold5 re$ or fi/ola1 z on o!r occasions2 ?is we le>n f ! ,apamean ,pontifical4 ,footnote #ff3 ,?is *apel 0 erect$ by ,paul ,,iii accord+ to ! design ( ,antonio ,sangallo4 ,its two l>ge frescoes are ! la/ ef=ts ( ! g5ius ( ,mi*elangelo1 !n ag$ #ge ye>s3 !y repres5t ! crucifixion ( ,s4 ,pet] & ! conv]sion ( ,s4 ,paul4 ,! fall ( ,simon ,magus1 & ! baptism conf]r$ by ,s4 ,pet]1 pa9t$ on ! righ?&-wall are works ( ,f$]ico ,zuc*]i2 on ! opposite side ,s4 ,paul at ,malta1 & re/or+ ! "y man1 :o _h fall5 f a w9d[1 are by ,lor5zo ,sabbat9o da ,bologna1 ! ceil+ 0 pa9t$ by ,f$]ico ,zuc*]i4 ,! ,b4 ,sacram5t is publicly & solemnly expos$ 9 ?is *apel = ! adoration ( ! fai?ful on ! fir/ ,sunday ( ,adv5t z well z on holy-?ursday ,see ,*alt>d2 ,descriz4 del ,vaticano ,taja1 ,palazzo ,vaticano4 ,footnote #fg3 ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om e/abli%$ processions at ,con/ant9ople 9 opposition to ^? ( ! ,arians2 & ! empress ,eudoxia suppli$ ! p ) silv] crosses & wax lights1 to be c>ri$ on su* occasions4 ,socrat4 ,hi/4 ,eccl4 lib4 ,,vi1 c4 #h1 ,sozom5 lib4 ,,viii1 c4 #h4 ,processions 7 incompatible ) ! p]secutions ( ! fir/ ?ree c5turies4 ,dur+ !m1 & ev5 long aft] ,con/ant9e1 9 consequ5ce ( ! discipl9e ( secrecy1 !re 0 nei!r public exposition or procession ( ! ,b4 ,sacram5t4 ,! fai?ful h[ev] ador$ x privately1 z = in/ance1 ,s4 ,gregory ,nazianz5 relates ( 8 si/] ,gorgonia1 t :5 seiz$ by a fev] %e fell d[n ) fai? be=e ! alt>1 & invok$ ) a l\d cry ,him :o is hon\r$ !reupon4 7,disc\rse on h] fun]al74 ,s4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem also exhorts ! believ]1 t :5 he receives ! *alice ( ! blood ( ,*ri/ he %\ld b[ d[n pr(\ndly & adore4 7,cate*4 #e71 ,! (fice & mass ( ,corpus ,*ri/i 7 compos$ by ,s4 ,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,z holy-?ursday is 9 great "p devot$ to ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 ! fe/ival ( ,corpus ,*ri/i ) its procession 0 in/itut$ ab\t ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury by ,urban ,,iv at ! petition ( ,b4 ,juliana ( ,m\nt ,cornelione1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ! miracle ( ,bols5a1 well kn[n z ! subject ( "o ( ,raffaello's frescoes 9 ! ,vatican4 ,see ,b5$4 ,,xiv1 ,de ,fe/is1 & ! au?ors cit$ by him4 ,! miracul\s corporal /a9$ ) blood is /ill pres]v$ at ,orvieto1 ! celebrat$ ca!dral ( :i* owes its f\ndation to ! miracle4 ,no "o eats t fle%1 says ,s4 ,augu/9e1 unless he has fir/ ador$ 9 ps4 #ih ,! fle% ( ,*ri/1 says ,s4 ,ambrose :i* we adore ev5 n[ 9 ! my/]ies1 & :i* ! apo/les ador$ 9 ! ,"l ,jesus 7de ,spir4 ,s4 lib4 #cd1 c4 #ab7 ,all ! fa!rs & liturgies m5tion ?is adoration1 :i* 0 !re=e d]iv$ f apo/olic tradition4 ,sala ad ,bonae lib4 #b1 c4 #ac4 ,footnote #fh3 ,9 ! ,greek *ur* communion is on ?is day res]v$ = ! sick ( ! ensu+ ye> "u ! =m ( bread alone1 accord+ to ,leo ,allatius4 7,de utriusque ,ecclesiae cons5sione74 ,pope ,innoc5t ,i 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! #e? c5tury directs1 t ! eu*>i/ be pres]v$ on ?is day = ! prie/ & ! sick4 ,?is res]vation is m5tion$ also 9 ! ,gregorian sacram5t>y1 )\t any m5tion ( ! sacr$ blood1 s9ce x might be spilt4 ,x has tak5 place 9 ! ,paul9e *apel ev] s9ce its erection by ,paul ,,iii4 ,a p>ticle ( ! ,b4 ,sacram5t 0 =m]ly pres]v$ aft] mass on fe/ivals & c>ri$ back 9 procession to ! sacri/y3 x 0 c>ri$ to ! alt> 9 procession on ! next fe/ival1 & a portion or ! :ole ( x 0 put into ! *alice be=e ! ho/ 0 brok54 ,see ,cancelli]i1 ,de ,secret>iis ,t4 ,i1 p4 #bag1 seq4 ,footnote #fi3 ,^! prelates us$ to ref] cases & petitions to ! ,popes1 z !y n[ d ! =m] to _! tribunal1 :i* accord+ to ,gonzalez d]ives its "n ( ,segnatura f ! signature ( ! sov]eign affix$ to its decree4 ,footnote #gj3 ,!y are =m$ ( peacocks' fea!rs1 ! eyes ( :i* accord+ to ,macri & o!rs signify ! vigilance & circumspection ( ! ,pontiffs4 ,!y are m5tion$ 9 ! apo/olic con/itutions1 9 :i* x is prescrib$1 t two deacons %\ld hold1 !m 9 ord] to drive away flies1 :i* might o!rwise fall into ! *alice4 ,accord+ly1 at ! ord9ation ( ! deacons 9 ! ,greek *ur*1 among o!r in/rum5ts a ,flabellum is giv5 to !m = _! m9i/ry at ! alt>3 ?is ,s4 ,ana/asius is said to h us$ :ile a deacon4 ,flabella are m5tion$ 9 ! liturgies ( ,,ss4 ,basil1 ,*riso/om1 & o!r ,greek & ,syriac liturgies1 ,flabella are 9 ! ,lat9 *ur* a m>k ( di/9ction1 & are c>ri$ = ! ,gr& ,prior ( ! knights ( ,malta ! bi%op ( ,troja 9 ,aquila1 & ! ar*bi%op ( ,mess9a1 z well z = ,8 ,hol9ess4 ,footnote #ga3 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,clem5t ,,xiv1 ! cu/om ( read+ f ! loggia on ?is day ! bull 9 ,co5a ,dom9i has be5 aboli%$4 7,on ?is bull see de ,mai/re du ,pape lib4 #b1 c4 #ad74 ,accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,s4 ,paul1 ! ,b4 ,sacram5t is ! bond z x is ! symbol ( union or communion betwe5 ! fai?ful2 ,we be+ _m are "o body1 all :o p>take ( "o bread #a ,cor4 ,x1 #ag1 & h5ce ?is day ( its in/itution 0 select$ = ! public excommunication ( ^?1 :o reject ! doctr9es ( ! *ur*1 or malici\sly oppose h] ord9ances4 ,aft] ! bull _h be5 read _m c&les are light$1 ( :i* ! ,"l ,pope himself holds "s1 & ea* c>d9al & prelate "o light$1 & he ext+ui%es & ?r[s !m on ! gr\nd1 say+1 we excommunicate all ! a=esaid2 & !n ! bells are rung toge!r )\t obs]v+ any ord]4 ,ap4 ,gatticu91 ,acta ,c]em4 #hb4 ,^! c]emonies are int]pret$ to mean ! ext9ction ( ! grace ( ! holy ,gho/2 & ! disp]sion ( unbeliev]s1 z on ! contr>y ! regul> & ord]ly r++ ( bells calls ! fai?ful toge!r4 ,footnote #gb3 ,x is support$ by ! subdeacon habit$ 9 ! tunic or tonacella4 ,footnote #gc3 ,john ! deacon1 9 8 life ( ,gregory ! great1 m5tions ! ,sacell>ius or ,treasur] 7see ,?omass9 lib4 #b4 c4 #ajc1 n4 #aa71 :om t holy ,pope comm&$ accord+ to cu/om to invite ! twelve pilgrims to d9n]4 ,besides ! gifts m5tion$ above1 ! :ite dress is giv5 to ^! apo/les1 :o are *os5 by "s ,c>d9als1 ,ambassadors1 ! ,propag&a1 ! ,maggiordomo1 & ! capta9 ( ! ,swiss gu>ds4 ,footnote #gd3 ,! wat] is br\ght to him by ! ,pr9ce assi/+ at ! ?rone1 & ! t[el is pres5t$ by ! fir/ ,c>d9al ,prie/4 ,:5 ! ,pope is prev5t$ f p]=m+ ?is c]emony1 ! ,c>d9al ,dean supplies 8 place 9 pres5ce ( ! sacr$ college 7,lunadoro74 ,9 t case ! gospel is sung1 n by a c>d9al1 b by ! prelate :o is deacon ( ! cappella4 ,=m]ly1 accord+ to ! ,,ms4 ,pontifical ( ! ,apamean *ur* writt5 9 #abad1 ,vesp]s 7 sung by ! ,pope's *apla9s1 :ile he wa%$ ! feet ( twelve subdeacons4 ,footnote #ge3 ,*>d9 & o!r travell]s te/ify1 t ?is practice is pres]v$ 9 mod]n times4 ,9 ,hom]'s ,odyssey ! cu/om ( tak+ a ba? be=e a banquet is frequ5tly m5tion$1 ,,iii1 #dfg2 ,,iv1 #di1 ,,vi4 #baf2 ,,viii1 #ddi4 ,footnote #gf3 ,! emp]ors ( ,co/ant9ople us$ 7accord+ to ,cod9us ,de ,(ficiis ,aulae ,co/ant9op47 to wa% ! feet ( twelve poor p]sons3 & ,vespasiano ,fior5t9o 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 9 8 life ( ,alfonso di ,napoli quot$ by ,cancelli]i1 says t ,il ,giov$i ,santo lavava i pi$i a tanti pov]i1 quant' egli aveva anni1 et lavavagli1 come si deve 444 et a tutti dava una ve/e bianca1 et un pajo di calze1 et un ,alfons9o1 et un fior9o et un c>l9o1 et non s *e altra moneta4 ,dipoi il ,giov$i m$esimo faceva ord9>e una c5a1444 et la ,mae/a del ,re la pigliava1 et metteva loro innanzi1 e con il v9o1 et quello avevano di bisogno con gr&issima umilta4 ,see also ,m>t5e1 ,de ,ant4 ,eccl4 ,rit4 ,lib4 ,,iv1 c4 ,,xii1 ,sec4 #h4 ,our read]s w "h call to m9d ! good old cu/om /ill pres]v$ ( ! maundy ( our ,briti% ,sov]eigns1 s call$ f m&atum1 ! fir/ ^w ( ! fir/ an!m sung dur+1 ! wa%+ ( ! feet4 ,9 ! ,greek *ur*1 accord+ to ,baillet1 n only are ! feet ( twelve poor p]sons wa%$1 b ! "n ( an apo/le is giv5 to ea* ( !m2 z x may be suppos$1 nobody is anxi\s to h ! "n ( ,judas ,isc>iot3 s lots are drawn to det]m9e ! p]son :o is to repres5t t traitor4 ,?is may rem9d u ( ! ?reat ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci to copy ! head ( ,judas1 9 8 celebrat$ la/ supp]1 f ! importunate ,prior ( ,s4 ,m>ia delle ,grazie ( ,milan4 ,poor ,leon>do despair$ ( f9d+ a model = ! head ( our ,savi\r2 & = m ?an a ye> 0 seek+ ! rabble = a fit subject :om he might repres5t z ,judas3 meantime ! ,prior 0 cont9ually worry+ him to f9i% ! fresco4 ,9 ogni caso poi said he to ,lodovico ,s=za1 f>o capitale del ritratto del ,p4 ,priore1 *e lo m]ita p] la sua importunita e p] la sua poca discrezione4 ,! /ory ( ,leon>do be>s "s resemblance to ! mann] 9 :i* ,mi*elangelo puni%$ ,biagio da ,ces5a ,pontifical ,ma/] ( ,c]emonies1 :o be=e ,daniel ( ,volt]ra _h acquir$ 8 well-kn[n nickname ( braghettone compla9$ to ! ,pope1 t ! nak$ figures ( ! la/ judgm5t 7 unwor?y ( a h\se ( pray]4 ,! arti/ introduc$ 8 c5sor 9 8 pa9t+ z ,m9os judge ( ! inf]nal regions1 ) long e>s l ^? ( ! o!r devils1 & a s]p5t's tail4 ,paul ,,iii :5 appeal$ to is said to h answ]$1 t if 8 ,c]emoni]e _h be5 9 ,purgatory1 he might h help$ him out1 b out ( hell !re 0 no r$emption4 ,?is ,papal witticism ,platn] c\ld n f9d 9 any writ] e>li] ?an ,ri*>dson 7,see ,bes*reibung d] ,/adt ,rom7 b se non e v]o1 e b5 trovato4 ,dante 0 n m scrupul\s ?an ,mi*elangelo ab\t ?ru/+ 8 oppon5ts into 8 inf]no4 ,pictoribus atque poetis ,quidlibet aud5di semp] fuit aequa pote/as4 ,footnote #gg3 ,! mosaics ) :i* x 0 adorn$ by ,pope ,leo ,,iii are pres]v$ 9 ! great ni*e adjo9+ ! scala santa4 ,footnote #gh3 ,! ,portuguese1 ,spani% & "s o!r *ur*es are g5]ally di/+ui%$ on ?is day by ! brilliancy ( ! illum9ation ( _! sepul*res4 ,footnote #gi3 ,9 ! eigh? c5tury ,pope ,hadrian ,i1 accord+ to ,ana/asius1 susp5d$ "u ! pr9cipal or triumphal ar*1 z x 0 call$1 a silv] cross ) #acfe or #achj small lamps1 :i* :]e light$ at ,ea/] & o!r great fe/ivals4 ,?is 0 p]haps ! orig9 ( ! cross :i* us$ to be susp5d$ 9 ,s4 ,pet]'s at ?is season4 ,footnote #hj3 ,we h already m5tion$ an anci5t ,*ri/ian fresco 9 :i* an asp]gillum is repres5t$4 ,footnote #ha3 ,=m]ly1 z ,c>d4 ,borgia has prov$ 7,de ,cruce ,vaticana7 ?is c]emony 0 p]=m$ 9 ,s4 ,pet]'s on good ,friday4 ,9 o!r *ur*es !re 7 two di/9ct obs]vances2 #a4 t ( /ripp+ ! alt>s on holy ,?ursday1 :5 ,*ri/'s passion began2 & #b4 t ( wa%+ !m ) w9e & on good ,friday1 :5 blood & wat] fl[$ f ,8 side1 z ! ,abbot ,rup]t obs]ves4 ,= ! anci5t c]emonies ( ?is day at ,rome see besides ! ,apamean ,pontifical above-cit$1 ! ,pontificals ( ,egeb]t ar*bi%op ( ,york & ( ,tirp9 ar*bi%op ( ,rheims ap4 ,m>t5e1 loc4 cit4 ,9 "s places ! fa/ ( ,l5t 0 n obs]v$ on ?is day1 z appe>s f ,s4 ,augu/9e1 ,ep4 #ed & ,janu>ium4 ,( old ?is 0 ! day = %av+ 9 prep>ation = ,ea/]-,sunday3 x 0 !re=e call$ %]e-,?ursday4 ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,,on ,,! ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,good-,,friday ,,cont5ts4 ,anci5t c]emonies at ,rome--,s]vice 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel--,passio--,s]mon & indulg5ce--,pray]s = all mank9d--exposition ( ! cross2 anci5t crucifixes & crosses--adoration ( ! cross2 its antiquity--,pale/r9a's improp]ii1 ,trisagion--*ant ( ! hymn ,pange l+ua gloriosi lauream etc1--,procession ( ! ,b4 ,sacram5t--,mass ( ! ,presanctifi$1 ,vesp]s--,t5ebrae--,v5]ation ( ! pr9cipal relics at ,s ,pet]'s--,gr\nds ( belief 9 ! g5u95ess ( relics--#a4 ,relic ( ! cross--#b4 ( ! lance--#c4 ,volto ,santo--,reflections--,recapitulation4 ,! pr9cipal object ( ! *ur* 9 ! (fice ( ?is day is1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ crucifi$ may be plac$ be=e our eyes1 t t\*$ ) contrition at ! sight1 our s\ls may be s dispos$1 z to obta9 ! fruit ( r$emption ,b5$4 ,,xiv1 ,de ,fe/is ,d4,n4,j4,c4 lib4 #a4 c4 #g4 ,sid5ote3 ,anci5t c]emonies4 ,on good ,friday ! ,pope us$ =m]ly to g ) ! ,c>d9als & ! o!r memb]s ( ! c\rt to ! ,oratory ( ,s4 ,lor5zo call$ ,sancta ,sanctorum 9 ! ,lat]an palace1 :]e !y v5]at$ & kiss$ ! relics ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul1 z well z two crosses pres]v$ !re4 ,"o ( ^! 0 !n c>ri$ by a ,c>d9al ,prie/1 & & ! ,ho/ consecrat$ on ! prec$+ day 0 borne by ano!r ,c>d9al ( ! same ord]2 ! ,pope1 ! ,c>d9als & all ! o!rs 7 b>e-foot$1 & walk$ 9 procession recit+ psalms to ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's & !nce to ,s4 ,croce1 :]e ! /ation 0 held & ! c]emonies ( ! day 7 p]=m$4#hb ,sid5ote3 ,s]vice 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel4 ,sid5ote3 ,passio4 ,sid5ote3 ,s]mon & indulg5ce4 ,^! take place at pres5t 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel2 9 :i* ! yell[ col\r ( ! c&les & tor*es1 ! nak$ness ( ! ,pope's ?rone & ( ! seats ( ! *ur* d5ote ! desolation ( ! *ur* at ! suff]+s & dea? ( h] div9e f\nd]4 ,! ,c>d9als d n we> _! r+s2 _! dress is ( purple1 :i* is _! m\rn+ col\r2 9 l mann] ! ,bi%ops d n we> r+s & _! /ock+s are black3 ^? ( ! ,c>d9als are purple2 & ! maces z well z ! soldi]s' arms are rev]s$4 ,! ,c>d4 great ,p5it5ti>y ) ! sacr$ m9i/]s are habit$ 9 black4 ,!re is no ?urif] & !re are no lights2 = ! dea? ( ! ,son ( ,god is go+ to be commemorat$2 & :ile ,he 0 hang+ ^u ! cross & :5 ,he di$1 !re 0 d>kness ov] ! :ole e>?4 ,! ,pope is habit$ 9 a r$ cope3 he does n we> 8 r+ nor give 8 bless+3 b if he be pres5t at ?is "p ( ! s]vice1 ,8 ,hol9ess kneel+ ) ! ,c>d4 ,p5it5ti>y at 8 left h& (f]s up pray]s = a %ort "t be=e ! alt>4 ,?is1 :i* 0 /ripp$ on ! prec$+ day1 is n[ cov]$ ) a l95 clo? by two ,c]imoni]i#hc4 ,! ,pope !n goes to ,8 seat2 & ! ,c>d4 ,celebrant accompani$ by ! m9i/]s to ! alt>1 & !nce to 8 faldi/orio or seat4 ,an appropriate passage f ! prophecy ( ,osee is sung by "o ( ! *oir1 & ! precept f ,exodus conc]n+ ! kill+ ( ! pas*al-lamb1 a type ( ,*ri/1 by ! subdeacon4 ,! ,pope & ! ,c>d4 ,celebrant also read bo? ^! lessons1 aft] ea* ( :i* a tract is sung by ! *oir2 & betwe5 !m a pray] by ! ,celebrant4 ,aft] ! prophecies1 :i* are a p[]ful confirmation ( ! tru? ( our holy religion1 ! acc\nt ( ! suff]+s & dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 p5n$ by an eye-witness ,s4 ,john1 ! disciple ( love1 is recit$#hd4 ,x is read 9 a l[ voice by ! ,c>d4 ,celebrant & sung ) ! same impressive *ant z on ,palm-,sunday by ?ree cantors we>+ ! alb1 a black maniple & /ole3 !y us$ =m]ly to recite x b>e-foot$4 ,at ^? words ,& b[+ d[n 8 head he gave up ! gho/ all kneel to adore _! ,r$eem]4 ,x is relat$ ( a s]vant ( ,god ( ! "n ( ,piccolom9i1 t he expir$ 9 *ur* on good ,friday :5 ^? words 7 sung4 ,! latt] "p is *ant$1 b )\t ! usual c]emonies1 by ! deacon1 aft] he has tak5 (f 8 fold$ *asuble & put on ! l>ge b& or /ole4 ,a %ort s]mon is !n prea*$ by a conv5tual ,fri>1 :o aft]w>ds accord+ to cu/om publi%es ! indulg5ce or remission ( temporal puni%m5t ( ?irty ye>s grant$ by ! ,pope to ^? :o h confess$ & s9c]ely rep5t$ ( _! s9s4 ,see p4 #cg4 ,z ,mor9us has %ewn 7,de ,p5it5tia cap4 #d47 9 mo/ *ur*es p5it5ts 7 absolv$ & reconcil$ aft] ! gospel4 ,sid5ote3 ,pray]s = all mank9d4 ,*ri/1 says ,s4 ,paul1 di$ = all m51 & :5 suff]+ on ! cross1 ,he pray$ ev5 = 8 rel5tless p]secutors3 on ! anniv]s>y !n ( 8 dea? x is fit t ,8 *ur* %\ld pray = all m51 t all may be sav$ by ! application ( ,8 m]its to _! s\ls4 ,! ,c>d4 ,celebrant comm5ces ! beautiful1 *>itable1 & anci5t pray]s ( ?is day ) ! words1 ,let u pray1 de>ly belov$1 = ! holy *ur* ( ,god etc4 ,! deacon !n kneel+ says 7accord+ to ! anci5t cu/om m5tion$ by ,s4 ,ces>ius ( ,arles 9 8 #cf? homily1 & by ,s4 ,basil 9 8 book on ! ,holy ,gho/ c4 ,,xxvii7 ,let u b5d our knees1 & ! subdeacon answ]s1 ,/& up1 z x 0 cu/om>y to pray /&+4 ,?is =m is repeat$ be=e ea* pray]1 except t :i* is (f]$ = ! ,jews#he3 = _! soldi]s1 b[+ ! knee be=e our ,"l1 mock$ him say+ 9 d]ision1 ,hail k+ ( ! ,jews4 ,pray]s foll[ = ! ,pope1 = all ! cl]gy1 & holy p ( ,god 7=m]ly = ! ,emp]or also7 & cate*um5s :o are to receive baptism on ! day foll[+4 ,hav+ pray$ = all memb]s ( ! *ur*1 we !n pray = h]etics & s*ismatics1 t ,god may deign to deliv] !m f all errors1 & br+ !m back to _! holy "m ! ca?olic & apo/olic *ur*2 & ^! petitions are foll[$ by o!rs = ! conv]sion ( ,jews & ,pagans#hf4 ,sid5ote3 ,exposition ( ! cross3 anci5t crucifixes & crosses4 ,sid5ote3 ,adoration ( ! cross3 its antiquity4 ,:5 ^! pray]s are end$#hg ! (ficiat+ ,c>d9al takes (f 8 *asuble1 & go+ to ! epi/le-side ( ! alt> receives f ! deacon ! crucifix#hh cov]$ ) a black veil4 ,!n turn+ t[>ds ! p1 & uncov]+ ! upp] "p ( ! crucifix1 he s+s1 ,behold ! wood ( ! cross1 on :i* hung ! salvation ( ! _w2 9 s++ :i* words he is jo9$ by two t5or-voices f ! *oir4 ,! *oir answ]s1 ,come1 let u adore#hi4 ,! ,pope & all o!rs kneel1 except ! ,c>d9al celebrant1 :o advances ne>] to ! middle ( ! alt>1 & uncov]s ! "r arm ( ! crucifix1 & repeats ! same words 9 a high] tone1 & aga9 9 a /ill high] tone be=e ! middle ( ! alt>1 :]e he uncov]s ! :ole cross4 ,! *oir answ]s z be=e1 & all except ! celebrant kneel ea* "t ! words are repeat$4 ,! ,c>d9al !n places ! crucifix on a ri* cu%ion ly+ on ! /eps ( ! alt>#ij4 ,sid5ote3 ,trisagion4 ,i obs]v$ above1 t x 0 =m]ly cu/om>y = ! ,pope & all o!rs to walk b>e-foot$ 9 ! procession ( ?is day1 z o!rs royal p]sonages h done2 = in/ance1 ,s4 ,l\is ( ,france1 ,s4 ,elisabe? ( ,hung>y1 & o!rs4 ,?us to be b>efoot$ 0 a sign ( m\rn+ 7#a ,sam4 ,,xv1 #cj4 ,j]4 ,,ii1 #be7 among ! ,jews4 ,_! prie/s 7 )\t %oes at _! functions1 9 tok5 ( rev]5ce 7,exod4 ,,iii1 #e4 ,jos4 ,v1 #ae74 ,"s memorial ( ?is practice is pres]v$ 9 ! pres5t cu/om ( tak+ (f ! %oes ( ! pr9cipal p]sons :o rev]e & kiss ! cross on ?is day4 ,! ,pope's %oes are tak5 (f by an ,ajutante di ,cam]a1 ,8 cope by acoly!s 7,votanti di ,segnatura71 & aft]w>ds ,8 ,hol9ess !n makes ?ree pr(\nd g5uflections be=e ! crucifix1 gradually approa*+ ne>] to x1 & !n kisses x 9 tok5 ( 8 love = ,him1 :o di$ ^u x = our salvation#ia4 ,he also empties a purse1 conta9+ an (f]+ ( #ajj scudi d'oro1 into a silv] bas9 ne> ! crucifix4 ,:5 ! ,pope is ab\t to make ! fir/ g5uflection1 ! *oir beg9s to s+ ! improp]ii1 ! s5tim5ts ( :i*1 & ! *ant compos$ by ,pale/r9a #ib1 are admirably adapt$ to ! pa!tic c]emony4 ,9 !m ,god enum]ates ! unp>allel$ b5efits :i* he lavi%$ ^u ! ,jews1 & ! atroci\s crimes by :i* !y repaid ,him4 ,at ! end ( ea* improp]ium or reproa*1 ! ,trisagion is sung by "o *oir 9 ,greek1 & 9 ,lat9 by ano!r ,holy ,god6 ,holy /rong "o6 ,holy immortal1 h m]cy on u#ic4 ,! ,pope !n returns to 8 ?rone2 he resumes 8 previ\s ve/m5ts & reads ! improp]ii f ! ,missal held z usual by an assi/4 bi%op kneel+4 ,! ,c>d9al celebrant & all ! o!r memb]s ( ! sacr$ college1 aft] _! %oes h be5 tak5 (f1 assi/$ by ! ,c]emoni]i rev]e & kiss ! crucifix 9 ! same mann] z ! ,pope has done2 & ea* ( !m leaves an (f]+ ( a scudo d'oro accord+ to an anci5t cu/om4#id ,:5 !y return to _! places1 _! %oes are put on by _! respective cam]i]i1 :o aft]w>ds leave ! *apel4 ,! patri>*s & bi%ops assi/ant & non-assi/ant & ! g5]als ( religi\s ord]s )\t %oes1 & all ! o!r prelates etc4 we>+ _! %oes1 adore & kiss ! cross 9 l mann]1 obs]v+ ! same ord] z 9 go+ to receive palms on ! prec$+ sunday2 & !y also make _! (f]+s be=e ! cross4 ,:5 ! sacr$ college has f9i%$ ! adoration1 ! *oir hav+ end$ ! improp]ii s+s ! an!m ,crucem tuam1 ! psalm ,deus mis]eatur no/ri1 ! hymn ,pange l+ua gloriosi lauream c]tam9is#ie etc4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ?is beautiful c]emony ! c&les are light$1 ! deacon spreads out ! corporal#if z usual1 plac+ ! purificator ne> x4 ,he !n respectfully takes ! cross1 & places x on ! alt> amid ! c&le/icks4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ant ( ,pange l+ua etc4 ,a procession1 arrang$ l t ( ! prec$+ day1 n[ goes to ! ,paul9e *apel4 ,assi/$ z usual by ! fir/ ,c>d4 prie/1 ! ,pope kneels & inc5ses ! ,b4 ,sacram5t ?ree times4 ,m4 ,sagri/a deliv]s ! ,b4 ,sacram5t to ! ,c>d9al celebrant1 :o pres5ts x to ! ,pope2 ,8 ,hol9ess cov]s x ) ! end ( ! veil plac$ ov] 8 %\ld]s#ig & ! procession returns to ! ,sixt9e *apel #ih4 ,9 ! mean "t ! *oir s+s ! hymn ,vexilla ,regis prodeunt4 ,:5 ! ,pope arrives at ! alt>1 he deliv]s ! ,b4 ,sacram5t to ! ,c>d4 ,celebrant1 :o places x on ! alt>4 ,8 ,hol9ess !n inc5ses x & returns to 8 ?rone4 ,dur+ ! procession ! crucifix on ! alt> ( ! ,sixt9e *apel is remov$1 & a l>g] cross conta9+ a consid]able relic ( ! true cross is sub/itut$ = x4 ,?is relic 0 s5t to ,pope ,leo ! ,great 9 ! #e? c5tury by ,juv5al ,bi%op ( ,j]usalem4 ,x 0 lo/1 b f\nd aga9 by ,pope ,s]gius ,i 9 #fhg3 x 0 /ol5 at ! sack ( ,rome 9 #aebg1 & remov$ f its case ( silv]3 h[ev] x 0 recov]$ by ,clem5t ,,vii1 :o ord]$ ! ri* cross1 9 :i* x is at pres5t pres]v$1 to be made3 9 #agcj x 0 aga9 /ol5 b recov]$ once m by ,clem5t ,,xii4 ,at ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 ?\gh ! c&le/icks1 & ! /atues ( ! ,apo/les belong+ to ! papal *apel 7 lo/1 ?is cross 0 pres]v$4 ,9 #ahdj ,8 pres5t ,hol9ess ,gregory ,,xvi ord]$ x to be aga9 expos$ to ! public v5]ation 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel3 ,he gave x to ! *>ge ( ! *apt] ( ,s4 ,pet]'s1 :o deliv] x to ,m4 ,sagri/a on ,good-friday morn+3 & x rema9s 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel till ! end ( ,t5ebrae on t day4 ,moroni ,cappelle ,pontificie etc4 ,! ,mass ( ! ,presanctifi$1 z x is call$1 is next celebrat$2 ,c>d4 ,tommasi1 foll[+ ,s4 ,ces>ius ( ,arles1 calls x ! (fice1 & n ! mass ( good-,friday2 = mass1 /rictly speak+1 is n (f]$ up on ?is day1 s9ce no consecration takes place1 & ! ,b4 ,sacram5t is receiv$ by ! celebrant "u ! =m ( bread alone1 z x c\ld n be pres]v$ ) safety "u ! =m ( w9e#ii4 ,sid5ote3 ,mass ( ! ,pre-,sanctifi$4 ,! ,c>d4 ,celebrant places ! ,b4 ,sacram5t on ! pat5#ajj & !nce on ! corporal4 ,9 ! meantime ! deacon puts w9e into ! *alice1 & ! subdeacon wat]1 :i* h[ev] are nei!r bless$ or consecrat$#aja on ?is day4 ,! c>d9al !n places ! *alice on ! alt>1 & ! deacon cov]s x ) ! palla or pall 7a small squ>e piece ( l951 :i* s]ves to prev5t flies etc4 f fall+ into x74 ,! ,c>d9al inc5ses ! (f]+s & ! alt>1 wa%es 8 h&s1 & recites ! ,orate ,fratres & ,our ,fa!r4 ,all !n kneel to adore ! bless$ ,sacram5t1 :i* he raises ov] ! pat54 ,he divides x z usual1 b )\t say+ any pray] #ajb1 into ?ree p>ts1 putt+ "o ( !m into ! *alice4 ,/rik+ 8 brea/1 & ackn[l$g+ 8 own unwor?9ess1 he receives communion1 tak+ ! sacr$ ho/1 & aft]w>ds ! consecrat$ p>ticle ) ! w9e 9 ! *alice #ajc4 ,he !n receives ! ablution1 wa%es 8 h&s1 & returns to ! sacri/y ) ! sacr$ m9i/]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,vesp]s4 ,anci5tly on fa/+ days no?+ 0 all[$ to be eat5 till sunset2 & ,vesp]s us$ !re=e to be said be=e d9n]3 n[ t ! "o meal all[$ on su* days may be eat5 z e>ly z noon1 ! anci5t practice ( say+ ,vesp]s be=e d9n] is /ill pres]v$4 ,vesp]s are !re=e sung imm$iately aft] ! mass ( ! ,presanctifi$3 !y consi/ ( ! ,our ,fa!r & ,hail ,m>y said 9 secret1 ( five psalms ) _! an!ms1 & ! ,magnificat ) its an!m4 ,at ! v]se ',*ri/ became ob$i5t unto dea?'1 all kneel d[n to adore ,him1 & ! ,mis]]e & ! usual pray] are recit$1 b )\t ! solemnity ( ,t5ebrae#ajd4 ,sid5ote3 ,t5ebrae4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr9cipal relics4 ,9 ! aft]noon at ,t5ebrae1 ! (fice1 be+ t ( ,holy ,saturday anticipat$ z usual1 ref]s to ! repose ( ! body ( our bless$ ,"l 9 ! tomb4 ,:5 x is f9i%$1 ! ,pope we>+ 8 /ole1 & ! ,c>d9als hav+ tak5 (f _! cappe1 g to ,s4 ,pet]'s 9 procession1 accompani$ by ! ,papal ,anticam]a segreta1 ! gu>ds & o!rs1 to v5]ate ! relics ( ! ,cross1 ! ,lance1 & ! ,volto ,santo1 :i* are %ewn by ! ,canons f ! gall]y above ! /atue ( ,s4 ,v]onica #aje4 ,! ,pope meantime1 & ! ,c>d9als & o!rs arrang$ on ea* side ( ,him1 rema9 kneel+4 ,! ,pontifical cross is borne z usual be=e ! ,pope1 :5 go+ to ,s4 ,pet]'s by an ,uditore di ,rota1 & :5 return+ to ,8 ap>tm5ts by ,8 cross-be>] :o is "o ( ,8 *apla9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr\nds ( belief 9 relics4 ,ca?olics are b\nd to believe ) div9e fai? only ^? doctr9es1 :i* ! *ur* def9es to be doctr9es taught by ,god2 & h5ce ) reg>d to p>ticul> images or relics or miracles1 conc]n+ :i* ,*ri/ has taught no?+1 !y believe !m to be g5u9e or reject !m1 accord+ to ! evid5ce :i* accompanies !m4 ,we %all !re=e briefly exam9e :at evid5ce !re is 9 fav\r ( ! relics 9 "q4 ,sid5ote3 #a4 ,relic ( ! cross4 #a4 ,! relic ( ! cross 0 plac$ "h 9 #afbi by ,urban ,,viii2 b x 0 =m$ ( "s pieces tak5 f ! *ur*es ( ,s4 ,ana/asia & ,s4 ,croce 9 ,g]usalemme4 ,! ,jews 7 accu/om$ to bury ! in/rum5ts ( puni%m5t 9 or ne> ! place :]e ! p]sons execut$ 7 buri$2 b on ?is subject ,i mu/ cont5t myself ) ref]r+ to ,b>onius1 ,calmet1 ,m5o*ius1 ,grets] etc4 :o cite ! ,rabb9s 9 pro( ( ?is ass]tion4 ,n[ accord+ to ! anci5t hi/orians1 ,eusebius1 ,sozom5 & ,socrates3 ! ,emp]or ,adrian erect$ a temple ( ,v5us ov] ! tomb ( ! ,god ( purity1 aft] he _h cov]$ x ) a great quantity ( rubbi%4 ,hel5 ! sa9tly "m ( ! emp]or ,co/ant9e1 aft] _m se>*es 7accord+ to ,eusebius 9 8 life ( t emp]or7 at l5g? discov]$ ! sacr$ tomb1 9 :i* 0 f\nd1 accord+ to ,sozom51 ! inscription plac$ ov] ! cross by ,pilate1 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ,k+ ( ! ,jews#ajf4 ,ne> ! tomb 9 ano!r "p ( ! cave 7 f\nd ?ree crosses3 b "h a difficulty arose on :i* ( ^! ?ree 0 our ,savi\r crucifi$8 ,at ! sugge/ion ( ,mac>ius ,bp4 ( ,j]usalem1 a woman at ! po9t ( dea?1 z ,ruff9us1 ,socrates1 ,!odoret1 ,sozom5 & ,nicephorus relate2 or a dead man1 accord+ to ,paul9us & ,sev]us ,sulpicius1 0 br\ght to ! spot1 & re/or$ to heal? or to life1 :5 plac$ on "o ( ! ?ree crosses4 ,if we consid]1 t x is relat$ 9 ! #bnd book ( ,k+s c1 ,,xiii1 t :5 "s p]sons 7 bury+ a man1 !y ca/ ! body into ! sepul*re ( ,eliseus4 ,& :5 x _h t\*$ ! bones ( ,eliseus1 ! man came to life & /ood up on 8 feet1 we may n be unwill+ to admit ! possibility or probability1 t su* a miracle may h occurr$ at ! sepul*re ( ! ,god ( ,eliseus4 ,besides ! au?ors :om ,i h m5tion$1 ?is hi/ory is atte/$ by ,s4 ,ambrose1 ,s4 ,*ryso/om1 & ,s4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem4 ,?is great bi%op & ,eusebius liv$ at ! "t :5 ! ev5t is said to h happ5$3 ! o!r writ]s liv$ n long aft]1 & ,ruff9us & ,!odoret pass$ "p ( _! lives 9 ,syria4 ,! same hi/orians m5tion1 t ,s4 ,hel5 divid$ ! ,cross into ?ree p>ts1 "o %e left 9 ,j]usalem1 ano!r %e s5t to ,co/ant9e1 accord+ to ! au?or ( ! life ( ,pope ,sylve/] publi%$ by ,pope ,damasus t[>ds ! close ( ! #f? c5t42 & ! ?ird %e res]v$ = h]self1 to ,rome4 ,%e plac$ ! la/ m5tion$ piece 9 ! ,sessorian ,basilica1 call$ also ! ,basilica ( ,hel51 because erect$ by h]1 9 ! ,horti ,v>iani3 h5ce is d]iv$ its title ( ,s4 ,croce 9 ,g]usalemme4 ,on ?is subject additional in=mation may be f\nd 9 ! "w ( ! late ,padre ,de ,corri]is1 ,de ,sessorianis praecipius ,d4,n4,j4,c4 reliquiis1 9 ,trombelli ,de cultu ,s,srum & ,b54 ,,xiv4 ,de fe/is4 ,f ,santa ,croce a piece ( ! cross 0 tak5 to ,s4 ,pet]'s1 & is "o ( ! relics %ewn on good friday4 ,ev5 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,s4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem te/ifies1 t p>ticles ( ! true cross _h be5 s5t to e ,*ri/ian c\ntry4 ,sid5ote3 #b4 ( ! lance4 #b4 ,! lance also ) :i* our div9e ,savi\r's side 0 pi]c$1 0 f\nd by ,s4 ,hel51 z ! ,boll&i/s %ew3 & x 0 pres]v$ 9 ,j]usalem1 z ,s4 ,gregory ( ,t\rs & our v5]able ,b$e obs]ve3 b t[>ds ! end ( ! #f? c5t41 ! iron "p ( x 0 transf]$ to ,co/ant9ople2 ( ?is ! po9t 0 plac$ 9 ! imp]ial palace2 ! o!r "p 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,sophia1 & aft]w>ds 9 t ( ,s4 ,john4 ,william ( ,tyre & ,anna ,comn5a m5tion x z exi/+ !re 9 ! #aa? & #ab? c5turies4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! #ac? c5tury ! po9t ( ! lance ) o!r relics pass$ into ! possession ( ,s4 ,l\is ( ,france3 ! o!r "p ( ! lance /ill rema9$ at ,s4 ,john's 9 ,con/ant9ople1 z ,buondelm\nt1 :o saw x1 be>s witness4 ,:5 ,mahomet subdu$ ,co/ant9ople1 he pres]v$ all ! relics1 z ,!odore cit$ by ,b5$ict ,,xiv relates 9 8 hi/ory ( ! ,turks1 & 8 son ,bajazet s5t an ambassador ) ! relics ( ! lance to ,pope ,innoc5t ,,viii1 9 ord] to induce 8 ,hol9ess n to protect ,zizimus1 :o disput$ ) him ! succession to ! ,turki% ?rone4 ,! ,pope receiv$ x ) great rev]5ce1 & plac$ x 9 ! ,vatican4 ,z "s suspicion 0 ent]ta9$ ab\t ! v]acity ( ! ,turki% ambassador1 ,b5$ict ,,xiv1 z he m5tions 9 8 v le>n$ "w on ! ,canonisation ( ! ,sa9ts1 f :i* ,i h extract$ ?is acc\nt1 s5t = an exact ca/ ( ! po9t pres]v$ at ,p>is1 :i* p]fectly correspond$ ) ! piece pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican2 & ?us 7 confirm$ ! ass]tion ( ! ,turk#ajg4 ,sid5ote3 #c4 ,volto ,santo4 #c4 ,z = ! ,volto ,santo1 or image ( our ,savi\r x 0 plac$ 9 an ,oratory ( ! ,vatican ,basilica by ,john ,,vii z long ago z #gjg1 z may be se5 9 ,m>l9etti1 ,dei pregii della ,basilica ,vat4 ,:o ,s4 ,v]onica or ,b]5ice 01 :o is said to h wip$ our ,savi\r's face ) ! h&k]*ief is ano!r "q1 z ,b5$ict ,,xiv obs]ves1 to :om & to ,m>l9etti ,i %all cont5t myself ) ref]r+4 ,x appe>s t ?is anci5t lik5ess ( our ,savi\r 0 aft]w>ds kept at ,s4 ,spirito3 six ,roman noblem5 _h ! c>e ( x2 & to ea* ( !m 0 confid$ on ( ! six keys1 ) :i* x 0 lock$ up4 ,!y enjoy$ v>i\s privileges1 & among o!rs1 says an anci5t ,,ms4 ,*ronicle quot$ by ,cancelli]i1 havevano que/i sei ogni anno1 da ,santo ,spirito1 due vac*e 9 die ,s4 ,spiritus le quali se magnavano li con gran fe/a4 ,9 #adaj ! ,volto ,santo 0 c>ri$ back to ,s4 ,pet]'s1 :]e x has ev] s9ce rema9$#ajh4 ,sid5ote3 ,reflections4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 9 ! #be? ,session1 tea*es t v5]ation & hon\r are due to relics ( ! ,sa9ts1 & t !y & o!r sacr$ monum5ts are hon\r$ by ! fai?ful n )\t utility4 ,we all hon\r ! memorials ( ! great1 ( ! wise & ( ! brave2 :o has n v5]at$ ! oak ( a ,tasso or ! h\se ( a ,%akespe>e8 ,:ile ,we rev]e ! relics ( a ,borromeo at ,milan1 ( a ,francois de ,sales at ,annecy1 ( a ,luigi ,gonzaga1 a ,filippo ,n]i1 a ,camillo de ,lellis at ,rome1 o!rs respect ! *air & table ( ,wickliffe at ,lutt]wor?1 or ! room ( ,lu!r at ,eis5a*4 ,if infidels unite 9 pay+ homage to ! h\se ( ! impi\s philosoph] ( ,f]ney1 let all ,*ri/ians1 h[ev] !y may be o!rwise unhappily divid$1 jo9 9 %ew+ _! respect = ! image ( _! ,savi\r1 & = ^? in/rum5ts :i* t\*$ 8 sacr$ body1 & 7 sanctifi$ by 8 preci\s blood4 ,o let !m gaze ) rev]5tial awe on t lance :i* ent]+ into 8 adorable side drew f x blood & wat]1 & on t cross to :i* he 0 nail$ & on :i* he di$ = our salvation4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 our =efa!rs 9 ! fai?1 manife/$ great respect = ! bodies & ! blood ( ! m>tyrs1 because !y 7 fai?ful foll[]s ( ,*ri/4 ,?us1 9 ! lett] ( ! fai?ful ( ,smyrna pres]v$ by ,eusebius1 !y m5tion t !y ga!r$ up ! bones ( _! bi%op ,polyc>p1 7a disciple ( ,s4 ,john ! ,apo/le7 m preci\s ?an pe>ls1 & m tri$ ?an gold1 & buri$ !m4 ,9 ?is place1 ,god will+1 say !y we %all meet & celebrate ) joy & gladness ! bir?day ( ?is m>tyr4 ,,ss4 ,prax$es & ,pud5tiana1 & _m o!r dev\t females us$ to collect ! blood ( ! m>tyrs ) sponges & clo?s1 z if !y fe>$ t "o drop ( x %\ld be lo/4 ,read ! poems ( ,prud5tius1 obs]ve ! phials ( blood#aji plac$ be=e ! m>tyrs' tombs 9 ! catacombs1 & y w n d\bt ! tru? ( su* ass]tions#aaj4 ,! %ad[ ( ,pet]1 ! h&k]*iefs :i* _h t\*$ ! body ( ,paul1 c\ld cure diseases1 z ! ,scripture witnesse?2 b "h are ! relics ( a great] ?an ,paul1 ( a great] ?an ,pet]3 ,o !n let u kneel1 & love1 & v5]ate !m2 = !y 7 closely unit$ to ,him :o is ! au?or & object ( our fai?1 ! only f\ndation ( our hope1 ! c5tre & ! consummation ( our love4 ,sid5ote3 ,recapitulation4 ,x does n fall )9 my plan to speak ( ! devotion ( ! ?ree h\rs ( agony1 practis$ on ?is day 9 _m *ur*es1 z at ! ,gesu1 ,s4 ,lor5zo 9 ,damaso etc4 or ( t :i* is practis$ aft] ! ,ave ,m>ia at ,s4 ,m>cello1 ,c>avita etc4 or ( ! elegies recit$ by ! ,arcadian pa/ors ov] _! ,r$eem]4 ,let u r briefly recapitulate ) ,morcelli ! pr9cipal c]emonies ( ! day3 ,/ation at ,s4 ,croce2 s]vice 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel1 ! v5]ation ( ! ,cross2 ! ,b4 ,sacram5t c>ri$ ?i!r 9 procession f ! ,paul9e *apel1 ,mass ( ! ,presanctifi$ & ,vesp]s4 ,9 ! aft]noon ,t5ebrae1 & v5]ation ( ! relics at ,s4 ,pet]'s4 ,footnote #hb3 ,see a ,,ms4 ,apamean ,pontifical ap4 ,m>!ne ,t4 #c1 p4 #acb1 ,b5$ict ,canon ( ,s4 ,pet]'s 9 8 ,ordo ,romanus1 ,m>angoni1 ,i/oria dell anti*issimo ,oratorio o ,cappella di ,s4 ,lor5zo nel ,patri>*io ,lat]an5se4 ,roma #agdg4 ,s4 ,l\is ( ,france us$ to walk b>efoot$ on ?is day to ! *ur*es1 pray+ & giv+ abundant alms1 z did also ,william1 k+ ( ! ,romans4 7,*ronicon ,erphord5se ad ann4 #abeb71 ,s4 ,elisabe? ( ,hung>y us$ to devote ! day to simil> acts ( piety1 walk+ b>efoot$ & 9 ! dress ( a poor woman to ! *ur*es1 & !re mak+ h] humble (f]+s at ! alt>s1 & di/ribut+ copi\s alms4 ,on h] practices ( piety dur+ holy-week see h] life by ,le ,cte de ,montalemb]t c4 #i4 ,footnote #hc3 ,! ,corporal1 :i* 0 anci5tly mu* long] ?an at pres5t1 0 spread 9 ?is mann] at all masses be=e ! (f]tory4 ,see ,cancelli]i1 ,de ,secret>iis ,t4 ,i1 ,fleury1 ,moeurs des ,*reti5s4 ,footnote #hd3 ,! lessons1 ! pray]1 & ! passion are f\nd 9 ! anci5t ordo ,gelasianus = ?is day4 ,footnote #he3 ,accord+ to ! ,gelasian ,sacram5t>y all 7 to g5uflect at ! pray] = ! ,jews1 z well z at ! o!r pray]s2 n s accord+ to ! ,gregorian ,sacram5t>y4 ,footnote #hf3 ,god our ,savi\r1 says ,s4 ,paul 7#a ,tim4 ,,ii1 #d7 wi%es all m5 to be sav$1 & to come to ! k ( ! tru?4 ,! ,ca?olic *ur* is animat$ by ! same _s ( *>ity1 z ! admirable pray]s ( ?is day might alone prove4 ,if %e tea*es exclusive salvation4 ,*ri/ taught ! same ,he t believe? & is baptis$ %all be sav$3 he t believe? n %all be condemn$ ,m>k ,,xvi1 #bf4 ,we _c !re=e consi/5tly accuse ! *ur* ( want ( *>ity1 :5 %e proclaims ! g5]al conditions ( salvation1 )\t at ! same "t *>g+ ,*ri/ himself1 :o fir/ taught !m1 ) ! same fault4 ,true *>ity desires ! salvation ( all b %e w>ns o!rs ( _! dang]2 & does n cruelly conceal x f !m till x is too late4 ,footnote #hg3 ,aft] ^! pray]s ! fai?ful us$ anci5tly to leave ! *ur*1 & ! ,prie/s to g to _! own *ur*es1 to p]=m ! c]emonies till ! ev5+-s]vice3 s t :at foll[s 0 !n a totally di/9ct s]vice4 ,see ,sacram ,s4 ,gregorii1 ant4 ,ord4 ,roman1 etc4 ap4 ,m>t5e lib4 ,,iv1 c4 #bc4 ,footnote #hh3 ,x w\ld appe>1 t1 be=e ,co/ant9e aboli%$ ! puni%m5t ( malefactors on ! cross1 ! ,*ri/ians1 :o well knew ) ,s4 ,paul t ,*ri/ crucifi$ 0 to ! ,jews a /umbl+-block1 & to ! g5tiles fooli%ness'1 prud5tly ab/a9$ f repres5t+ our ,savi\r nail$ to ! cross1 & us$ r to depict a lamb ) a cross ne> x1 ( :i* in/ances may he se5 9 ,rork's ,hi]urgia p4 #ebj4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( ! crucifix 9 ! *ur* is believ$ to occur 9 ! poem titl$ ,de ,passione ,dom9i ref]r$ to ! f\r? c5tury4 ,t ! use ( ! sign & ! image ( ! cross 0 mu* m anci5t & v preval5t among ,*ri/ians w appe> f ! foll[+ facts4 ,at e /ep & movem5t says ,t]tullian 79 ! e>ly "p ( ! ?ird c5tury7 :5ev] we come 9 or g out1 :5 we dress & wa% ourselves1 at table1 :5 lights are br\ght 91 :e!r we are ly+ or sitt+ d[n2 :atev] we are do+1 we m>k our =eheads ) ! sign ( ! cross4 ,eusebius m5tions t ,con/ant9e plac$ a magnific5t cross ,de ,vit4 ,con/4 ,i4 #c4 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury 9 8 palace ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om 9 "o ( 8 eloqu5t homilies obs]ves ,e :]e ! symbol ( ! cross is pres5t to u4 ,we inscribe x v dilig5tly on our h\ses1 & walls1 & doors1 & br[s1 & ?\ghts4 ,s4 ,basil 7,de ,_s4 ,s4 ad ,amphilo*ium c4 #bg47 d]ives ! sign ( ! cross f ,apo/olic tradition4 ,t ?is cu/om univ]sally prevail$ among ,*ri/ians might be prov$ f ,s4 ,j]ome1 f ! hi/orian ,socrates & o!rs1 & f monum5ts ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians /ill pres]v$ 9 ,egypt3 b :y travel s f>8 we h only lo look ar\nd u 9 ! catacombs1 or 9 ! ,vatican ,museum & ,libr>y4 ,! cross is ! *os51 ! belov$ sign ( ,*ri/ians2 !y repeat$ x a ?\s& times on _! lamps1 on _! r+s1 on _! cups & sacr$ vessels1 t !y might h ! sign ( _! r$emption ev] be=e _! eyes1 !y kiss$ x at ! h\r ( _! dea?1 & _h x m>k$ on _! tomb1 z a sign ( _! hope ( salvation4 ,no soon] _h peace %one ^u ! *ur*1 ?an crosses 7 erect$ on high roads1 & 9 _m places ( public resort3 & w\ld to ,god t ^? sacr$ anci5t monum5ts1 :i* once adorn$ our own c\ntry1 bore public te/imony to ! fai? ( its inhabitants1 & recall$ to ! m9ds ( pass]s-by ! suff]+s ( _! ,savi\r1 _h n be5 too rudely treat$ 9 ! fir/ heat ( religi\s & political fr5zy6 ,= "s anci5t repres5tations ( ! cross see ! le>n$ "w ( ,dr4 ,rock on ! mass4 ,i %all cont5t myself ) notic+ an int]e/+ in/ance1 :i* he has n m5tion$4 ,at ,pompeii ! h\se ( ,pansa1 z x is call$1 is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable yet excavat$ on acc\nt ( its ext5t & regul>ity4 ,"s p>ts ( x 7 us$ z %ops1 & appe> to h be5 let out1 7z is /ill ! cu/om 9 "s palaces ( ,rome73 = !y h no communication ) ! body ( ! build+4 ,betwe5 two p>ts ?us sep>at$ is an entrance f a side /reet to ! p]i/yle or op5 c\rt surr\nd$ by columns2 & on ! pi] betwe5 ! two doors is1 or r 0 a pa9t+ repres5t+ "o ( ! gu>dian-s]p5ts or tutel>y deities1 :o 7 sometimes repres5t$ "u t =m1 z we occasionally see at ,pompeii1 & z we le>n f ,virgil 7lib47 ,v4 ,h5ce z we see 9 ,titus' ba?s & are in=m$ by ,p]sius1 a place 0 consid]$ sacr$1 9 :i* s]p5ts 7 pa9t$4 ,inde$ ^! reptiles became su* fav\rites1 t1 accord+ to ,s5eca1 !y us$ to creep ^u ! tables amid ! cups3 & "s ladies s f> ov]came natural prejudices1 z to place real s]p5ts1 if n boas1 r\nd _! necks1 to cool !m1 in/ead ( us+ artificial boas to w>m !mselves4 ,si gelidum nectit collo ,glacilla draconem says ,m>tial4 ,be=e ! s]p5t pa9t$ 9 ,pansa's h\se is or 0 a project+ brick int5d$ to support a lamp3 ! pa9t+ 9 consequ5ce ( its situation c\ld be se5 only by p]sons )9 ! h\se3 b ^u ! opposite wall !re is or 0 a cross work$ 9 bas relief ^u a panel ( :ite /ucco1 s situat$ z to be visible to all p]sons pass+4 ,x _h ! =m ( a ,lat9 cross1 :i*1 we may obs]ve1 z well z ! ,greek cross3 is f\nd ^u anci5t ,*ri/ian monum5ts2 ?\gh ( c\rse we _c br+ =w>d o!r in/ances s anci5t z ! monum5t 9 "q4 7,see ,rock p4 #eaf74 ,x is h>d to conceive1 says ! le>n$ ,mazois1 t ! same man %\ld b[ at once be=e ! cross ( ,*ri/1 & pay homage to ,janus1 ,f]culus1 ,limet9us1 ,c>dia1 ! deities ( ! ?re%old1 & ! h+es ( doors4 ,p]haps at ?is "t ! cross 0 ( a mean+ unkn[n except to ^? :o _h embrac$ ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 :i*1 plac$ "h among ! symbols ( paganism1 z if 9 te/imony ( gratitude1 in=m$ ! fai?ful1 t ! tru? _h "h f\nd an asylum ) a poor man1 "u ! safegu>d ( all ! popul> sup]/itions4 ,s f> ,mazois1 ^: op9ion is embrac$ by ! au?or ( ! int]e/+ "w on ,pompeii publi%$ by ! society = promot+ useful k3 b is x n probable1 ,i may ask1 or r is x n c]ta9 t1 at t e>ly p]iod1 :ile "s memb]s ( ! same family 7 pagans1 o!rs 7 ,*ri/ians8 x is n !n surpris+ if 9 ! same h\se we f9d bo? ,*ri/ian & ,pagan emblems3 we may suppose1 t "s su* p]sons may h be5 inmates ( ! same h\se z ,mr4 ,bulw]'s pagan gladiator ,lydon & 8 ,*ri/ian fa!r ,m$on4 ,pompeii 0 ov]:elm$ by a%es 9 ! ye> ( ,*ri/ #gi3 & if ,vesuvius /ill occasionally lay wa/e ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 we are indebt$ to x = ! pres]vation n only ( a ?\s& classical monum5ts1 b also ( a repres5tation ( ! cross ( ,*ri/1 :i* _c be ( a mu* lat] date ?an ! "t ( ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 ,footnote #hi3 ,/4 ,hel5 discov]$ ! cross on :i* ,*ri/ suff]$1 & erect$ a *ur* 9 ,j]usalem1 9 :i* x 0 deposit$4 ,! bi%op ( t city e ye>1 at ! season ( ! pas*al solemnity1 exhibits x to be ador$ by ! p1 aft] he himself has fir/ p]=m$ 8 act ( pr(\nd v5]ation4 ,s4 ,paul9us ( ,nola1 ,a4,d4 #dcj1 ep4 #aa ad ,sev]4 ,9 ! middle ( ,l5t1 ! life-giv+ wood ( ! v5]able cross is usually expos$ = adoration4 ,s4 ,sophronius patri>* ( ,j]usalem 9 #fci4 7,orat4 9 ,exalt4 ,crucis74 ,f ?is cu/om ( ! *ur* ( ,j]usalem probably arose t ( ! ,roman *ur*1 9 :i* a crucifix1 conta9+ a p>ticle ( ! true cross1 0 publicly v5]at$ on good ,friday4 ,9 ! ,sacram5t>y ( pope ,gelasius 7,a4,d4 #djb7 we read 9 an acc\nt ( ! c]emonies ( ?is day ,! prie/ comes be=e ! alt>1 ador+ ! ,"l's cross & kiss+ x--all adore ! holy cross & communicate4 ,?is c]emony is m5tion$ also 9 ! ,antiphon>y ( ,s4 ,gregory ! great & ! anci5t ,ordo ,romanus4 ,flecte g5u1 lignumque crucis v5]abile adora1 says ,lactantius4 ,see bi%op ,poynt]'s ,*ri/ianity p4 #aea4 ,( ! ,greeks ,leo ,allatius relates t on good-friday1 :ile !y accompany z x 7 ,*ri/ himself to ! tomb1 !y lead r\nd ?r\gh ! cities & adore ! sculptur$ body ( ,*ri/4 ,de cons5su utriusque ,eccl4 lib4 #e4 c4 #ae4 ,! ,syrians also practise ?is c]emony1 z we le>n f docum5ts publi%$ by ,c>d4 ,borgia & ,nairon4 ,?is rite is call$ ! adoration ( ! cross4 ,let u n =get :at is said 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,pray] 9 ! solemnization ( ,matrimony ,) ?is r+ ,i !e w$2 ) my body ,i !e wor%ip4 ,su* words ( d\btful signification mu/ be int]pret$ f ! doctr9e ( ! *ur* :i* adopts !m4 ,hanc v5iam petimusque damusque vicissim4 ,n[ ! ^w ador>e us$ 9 our liturgy 7d]iv$ f ad & ora1 because p]sons :5 ador+ us$ to put _! "r h& to _! m\?2 ,pl94 ,i4 #bh1 c4 #b4 ,apuleius 9 ,apolog47 signifies n only to pay div9e wor%ip1 b also to v5]ate & ev5 to salute4 ,?us f ! in/ances collect$ 9 ,=cell9i's ,lexicon we may select ! foll[+3 ,primo autem septimum ,g]manici consulatum adoravi4 ,/at 9 praef i4 #d ,silv4 ,imo cum gemitu populum sic adorat3 ,apulei4 lib #b4 ,metam4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ca?olic *ur* on ?is subject is z usual cle> & decid$4 ,! tw5ty-fif? session ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t decre$ z foll[s3 ,! holy synod comm&s all bi%ops1 & o!rs su/a9+ ! duty & c>e ( tea*+1 t !y %\ld dilig5tly in/ruct ! fai?ful conc]n+ ! legitimate use ( images accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! ca?olic & apo/olic *ur* receiv$ f ! comm5cem5t ( *ri/ianity1 & ! cons5t ( ! holy fa!rs1 & decrees ( ! sacr$ c\ncils1 tea*+ !m 444 t ! images ( ,*ri/2 ( ! ,virg9 "m ( ,god1 & o!r sa9ts1 are to be _h & reta9$ especially 9 *ur*es1 & t due hon\r & v5]ation are to be giv5 !m3 n t any div9ity or virtue is believ$ to exi/ 9 !m = :i* !y are to be wor%ipp$1 or t any ?+ is to be ask$ f !m1 or t confid5ce is to be plac$ 9 images1 z 0 =m]ly done by ! ,g5tiles1 :o us$ to place _! hope 9 idol2 b because ! hon\r :i* is giv5 to !m is ref]r$ to ! prototypes :i* !y repres5t2 s t by ! images :i* we kiss1 & be=e :i* we uncov] our heads & b[ our bodies1 we adore ,*ri/1 & v5]ate ! ,sa9ts1 ^: lik5ess !y be>3 ?is has be5 decre$ aga9/ ! oppos]s ( images by ! decrees ( c\ncils1 especially ( ! second synod ( ,nice4 ,& let ! bi%ops dilig5tly tea*1 t by ! hi/ories ( ! my/]ies ( our r$emption express$ 9 pictures or o!r lik5esses ! p are in/ruct$ & confirm$ 9 commemorat+ & assidu\sly v5]at+ articles ( fai?1 & t f all sacr$ images a great fruit is d]iv$1 n only because ! p are admoni%$ ( ! b5efits & gifts conf]r$ on !m by ,*ri/1 b also because ,god's miracles ?r\gh ! sa9ts1 & salut>y examples are laid be=e ! eyes ( ! fai?ful1 t !y may return ?anks = !m to ,god1 & may compose _! life & mann]s to an imitation ( ! sa9ts1 & may be excit$ to adore & love ,god & *]i% piety4 ,! c\ncil !n gives directions = ! extirpation ( any abuses :i* may creep 94 ,^! words1 by :i* our fai? & practice are regulat$1 are too cle> to ne$ comm5t1 & suffici5tly ju/ify ca?olics f ! fooli% & calumni\s *>ge ( idolatry4 ,! true ,ca?olic practice is well express$ 9 a "w attribut$ to ,alcu9 ,we pro/rate our bodies be=e ! cross1 & our s\ls be=e ! ,"l3 we v5]ate ! cross by :i* we h be5 r$eem$1 & we supplicate ,him :o r$eem$ u4 ,footnote #ij3 ,?is rite is describ$ 9 ! ,ordo ,romanus ,,xiv ) ! same c]emonies4 ,x is fir/ m5tion$ 9 ! ,ordo ,,xi ( ! ,canon ,b5$ict4 ,footnote #ia3 ,we kiss & press to our he>ts ! pictures ( ^? :om we love1 & %all we ?9k x s9ful to kiss ! image ( ,him1 :o = love ( u humbl$ himself ev5 to ! dea? ( ! cross8 ,oh6 let ea* "o ( u r exclaim ) ,s4 ,paul ,god =bid t ,i %\ld glory save 9 ! cross ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 by :om ! _w is crucifi$ to me & ,i to ! _w 7,gal4 ,,vi73 or 9 ! words attribut$ to ,s4 ,&rew :5 he 0 go+ to be crucifi$ ,hail preci\s cross1 t ha/ be5 consecrat$ by ! body ( my ,"l1 & adorn$ ) 8 limbs z ) ri* jewels4 ,oh good cross1 t ha/ receiv$ beauty f our ,"l's limbs1 ,i h ard5tly lov$ !e1 long h ,i desir$ & s\ght !e2 n[ ?\ art f\nd by me & made ready = my long+ s\l4 ,act4 ,s4 ,&reae4 ,footnote #ib3 ,! greate/ glory says ,ba9i 0 des]v$ly obta9$ by ,pi]luigi on acc\nt ( ! improp]ii1 & ! hymn ,crux fidelis :i* he set to music = #h voices divid$ into two *oirs1 & :i* 7 sung = ! fir/ "t by ! *oir ( ! ,lat]an basilica on good ,friday 9 ! ye> #aefj3 by !m fece sbalordire arte e natura4 ,pius ,,iv dem&$ !m = ! use ( ! apo/olic *apel1 &1 aft] he _h he>d !m1 decl>$ t ,pale/r9a _h surpass$ 8 expectations4 ,^! improp]ii are /ill sung & w ev] be sung 9 ! apo/olic *apel ,ba9i1 ,mem4 /oric4 di ,giovanni ,pi]luigi da ,pale/r9a #a4 p4 #fd4 ,footnote #ic3 ,?is hymn is frequ5tly sung 9 ! ,greek & ,ori5tal *ur*4 ,r5audot ,t4 ,i1 p4 #gj4 ,accord+ 9 ! ,m5ologium ,graecum & ,s4 ,john ,damasc5 x 0 fir/ us$ 9 ! reign ( ,!odosius1 :5 public supplications 7 (f]$ to heav5 dur+ a t]rible e>?quake at ,co/ant9ople4 ,?is ,palm] admits1 ,i1 #fd4 ,x is /ill said 9 ,greek1 9 :i* x 0 orig9ally compos$1 z well z 9 ,lat91 9 ! ,roman *ur*4 ,see ,go> 9 notis ad ,rituale ,graec4 ,footnote #id3 ,9 ! ,ordo ,romanus ,,xii1 ,ap4 #a1 de ,presbyt]io1 x is prescrib$ t accord+ to anci5t cu/om :atev] is (f]$ ^u ! cross ought to belong to ! s*ola 7or company7 ( ! cross3 9 ! ,ordo ,,xiv1 t x belongs to ! ,sagri/a4 ,! sum collect$ is at pres5t ! p]quisite ( ,m4 ,sagri/a & ! two pr9cipal ,ma/]s ( c]emonies4 ,^! (f]+s 7 cu/om>y also 9 o!r *ur*es1 & 9 p>ticul> at ,p>is4 ,footnote #ie3 ,ba9i obs]ves1 t ! *ant ( ?is hymn is "o ( ! few in/ances ( rhy?mical *ant pres]v$ by un9t]rupt$ tradition 9 ! papal *apel & adorn$ ) ! anci5t ornam5ts4 7,see 8 ,saggio sopra l'ind5tita dei ritmi musicale e poetico4 ,fir5ze1 #ahbj74 ,! *ant ( t hymn says ,eximano 7quot$ by ,ba9i1 ,mem4 ,/or47 is a true pla9 *ant1 t is1 a *ant ( unison1 su* z x is f\nd 9 all *oral books3 b ! mode ( s++ x 9 ! pontifical *apel makes x appe> diff]5t f :at is sung 9 o!r *ur*es--,above all1 ! di/ribution ( ! notes1 :i* are sung 7n ( ^? :i* are writt57 adapt$ to express ! l5g? & %ortness ( ! syllables :i* compose ! rhy?m ( ! hymn1 ought to be /udi$4 ,se si da quell'inno ad un mae/ro di cappella p] mett]lo 9 musica conc]tata ed 9 battuta s5sibile1 v]ra subito di/rutto il ritmo1 e se la cantil5a della cappella pontif4 si scrive 9 battuta1 si v$ranno cad]e nel batt]e alcune sillabe brevi1 s5za pregiudizio della loro quantita4 ,dubbio di ,d4 ,antonio ,exim5o sopra il saggio fondam5tale pratico di contrappunto del ,r4,p4,m4 ,m>t9i4 ,roma1 #aggc4 ,footnote #if3 ,! corporal is a squ>e piece ( l95 s call$1 because ! ,corpus or body ( ,*ri/ is plac$ on x4 ,s4 ,isidore ( ,pelusium 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! #e? c5tury says1 t ! :ite l95 clo?1 :i* is spread "u ! div9e gifts1 is ! clean l95 clo? ( ,joseph ( ,arima!a3 = we1 sacrific+ ! bread ( proposition on ! l95 clo?1 )\t d\bt f9d l him ! body ( ,*ri/3 x 0 anci5tly mu* l>g] ?an x is at pres5t4 ,! purificator is a small t[el1 :i* s]ves to wipe ! *alice & ! h&s & m\? ( ! prie/1 aft] he has receiv$ ! ,b4 ,sacram5t4 ,footnote #ig3 ,! veil is us$ f rev]5ce to ! ,b4 ,sacram5t3 on an anci5t mosaic on "o ( ! ar*es ( ,s4 ,prass$e1 a p]son is repres5t$ envelop$ 9 x1 hold+ a sacr$ vessel app>5tly int5d$ to conta9 ! ,b4 ,sacram5t4 ,ciamp9i1 ,vet4 mon4 ,t4 #b4 ,footnote #ih3 ,accord+ to ! ,gelasian ,sacram5t>y1 ! deacons g to ! sacr>ium & walk 9 procession ) ! body & blood ( ! ,"l1 :i* rema9$ f ! prec$+ day3 ) x ! mo/ anci5t ,ordo ,romanus ad usum mona/]iorum agrees4 ,footnote #ii3 ,9 ! f\r? c5tury ,pope ,innoc5t ,i 9 8 epi/le to ,dec5tius assigns z a reason1 :y ! holy sacrifice is n (f]$ up on ?is day1 ! example ( ! apo/les :o1 conceal+ !mselves = fe> ( ! ,jews1 sp5t ?is & ! foll[+ day 9 fa/+ & m\rn+ = ! dea? ( _! ma/]1 & 7 ?us deb>r$ f ! holy my/]ies4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ,l5t ! ,greek *ur* /ill celebrates1 t[>ds ev5+1 only ! mass ( ! presanctifi$1 except on ,saturdays & ,sundays1 & on ! fea/ ( ! ,annunciation1 :5 ! ord9>y mass is (f]$ up4 ,?is is "o ( ! anci5t in/ances ( communion "u "o k9d2 =1 z ,leo ,allatius obs]ves1 ei!r x is receiv$ "u ! =m ( bread alone1 or if "s drops ( ! sacr$ blood 7 spr9kl$ on ! ho/1 all ! species ( w9e h disappe>$ be=e communion4 7,de utriusque ,ecclesiae cons5sione1 p4 #hge74 ,nei!r 9 ! ,lat9 or ! ,greek *ur* is ! mass ( ! pre-sanctifi$ a ,missa sicca or dry mass3 9 :i* n only ! consecration1 b also ! communion1 & all ^? pray]s :i* are said ov] ! holy ,eu*>i/1 us$ to be omitt$4 ,see ,dur&us 9 ,rationali c4 #a4 ,?is is ! only day 9 ! ye> on :i* mass is n (f]$ up 9 ! ,lat9 *ur*1 & ev5 on x ! prie/ communicates3 on holy ,saturday mass is said1 b ! prie/ alone communicates3 on all o!r days all ! fai?ful may & _m d communicate1 ei!r dur+ mass or be=e or aft] x accord+ to circum/ances4 ,palm] hav+ quot$ a passage f ,bona1 9 :i* ! ,c>d9al regrets t communion1 z well z o!r rites to :i* ! mass is n ess5tial1 is (t5 delay$ till aft] ! mass is end$1 subjo9s ! foll[+ ejaculation4 ,w\ld t !y :o communicate ) ! ,roman *ur* 7 n too timid or too lukew>m to return to ! practice ( ! primitive *ur* 9 ?is & _m o!r respects4 ,orig4 ,liturg4 vol4 #b1 p4 #aed4 ,n[ 9 ! primitive *ur* ! fai?ful1 & ev5 ^? 9 heal?1 us$ to communicate n only dur+ mass1 b also at o!r times1 z is evid5t f ! (fice ( ! presanctifi$1 at :i*1 accord+ to ! ,gelasian sacram5t>y1 all pres5t communicat$1 z well z f ! num]\s anci5t in/ances ( communion "u "o k9d m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]2 = 9 ^! cases x 0 n receiv$ dur+ ! mass1 & _m ( !m are cases ( p]sons 9 heal?4 ,9 ! same page ,mr4 ,palm] obs]ves t dur+ all ! primitive ages ! :ole body ( ! fai?ful communicat$ at ea* celebration ( ! liturgy4 ,n[ has ! *ur* ( ,engl& pres]v$ ?is practice ( ! primitive *ur*8 ,s f> is ?is f be+ ! case1 t ,palm] consid]s h] ord9>y (fice z a ,missa sicca2 or dry s]vice p4 #afd1 9 :i* !re is nei!r consecration or communion1 & ! e>lie/ notice ( :i* occurs 9 ! writ+s ( ,petrus ,cantor 7,a4,d4 #abjj71 accord+ to ,palm]'s own admission1 ibid4 ,ev5 on ^? few days 9 ! ye> :5 %e admits h] *ildr5 to communion1 h] m9i/]s g5]ally consid] t !y make an oblation only ( bread & w9e1 & n ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/1 :]eas1 :atev] ,palm] or ! ,tracts = ! ,times may say to ! contr>y1 we are prep>$ to prove f ! v liturgies1 :i* ! =m] cites1 t 9 ! mass !re is an oblation n m]ely ( bread & w9e b also ( ! body & blood ( ,*ri/2 & accord+ly ev5 ! au?or ( ,tract #ha1 vol4 #d1 admits1 p4 #fa1 t ! real po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! primitive *ur* & mod]n views is :e!r !re be 9 ?is oblation a my/]y or no4 ,x is truly lam5table t m5 ( le>n+ %\ld falsely accuse ! ,roman *ur* ( dep>ture f primitive discipl9e 9 a matt] ( s little comp>ative importance z ! precise "t :5 communion is to be receiv$1 :ile !y !mselves mu/ ackn[l$ge1 t !y h aboli%$ communion itself z well z consecration on ne>ly all ! days ( ! ye>1 & t !y h r$uc$ ! oblation ( ! mass f a 'my/]y' & a 'v5]able1 trem5d\s & unbloody sacrifice' 7,palm] vol4 #b1 p4 #hd7 to an (f]+ ( bread & w9e4 ,!y h ?us depriv$ _! foll[]s ( ! ine/imable fruits ( communion enum]at$ by ,*ri/ 9 ! gospel--yet ^! =soo? are ! m5 :o *>ge ,ca?olics ) a dep>ture f primitive practice4 ,h[ _m o!r primitive practices m5tion$ 9 ?is "w h be5 aboli%$ by ! *ur* ( ,engl&6 ,footnote #ajj3 ,?is plate1 :i* is ( gold or silv]-gilt1 resembles 9 =m ! pat]a us$ 9 ! anci5t sacrifices1 & g5]ally repres5t$ toge!r ) ! pref]iculum on sepul*ral monum5ts d$icat$ to ! ,manes4 ,footnote #aja3 ,! w9e is sanctifi$1 b is n consecrat$1 ei!r by ! p>ticle ( ! sacr$ ho/1 or by ! recital ( ! ,pat] no/]1 z has be5 %ewn by ,mabillon1 7,museum ,ital47 ,bossuet1 & o!r au?ors quot$ by ,b5$ict ,,xiv4 ,! w9e & wat] repres5t ! blood & wat]1 :i* fl[$ on ?is day f ,*ri/'s body4 ,see ,act4 ,co]4 p4 #ed4 ,:5ev] prie/s say ,mass1 !y receive "u bo? k9ds1 9 compliance ) ! comm& ( ,*ri/ ,dr9k ye all ( ?is :i* words z well z ^? o!rs1 ,d ?is 9 commemoration ( me 7 address$ to ! apo/les & _! successors4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,accord+ to ! direction ( ! ,gelasian sacram5t>y1 ! ,pax ,dom9i etc4 is n said on ?is day4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,z ! communion1 says ,mabillon is ( ! nature ( a sacr$ banquet1 x consi/s ( food & dr9k2 h5ce ! o!r "p ( ! banquet1 viz4 dr9k1 0 suppli$ by w9e1 mix$ ) wat]1 b sanctifi$ by a p>ticle ( ! ,b4 ,sacram5t ,see = ! s]vice ( ?is day a ,,ms4 ,pontifical ( ! *ur* ( ,apamea 9 ,syria ap4 ,m>t5e t4 #c1 p4 #acb4 ,x is f\nd ) little v>iation also 9 ! ,gelasian ,sacram5t>y1 9 a v anci5t ,ordo ,romanus1 & "s ,,mss4 cit$ by ,m>t5e4 ,9 ! ,roman *ur*1 z ,amal>ius 0 in=m$ by ! ,roman ar*deacon at ! /ation no "o communicat$4 ,9 _m o!r *ur*es !re 0 g5]al communion2 ?is is prescrib$ by ! *ur* dur+ ?is holy season4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,9 _m *ur*es ! crucifix us$ to be solemnly plac$ 9 ! sepul*re aft] ! ,vesp]s4 ,see ! ,s>um & o!r missals1 ap4 ,m>t5e t4 #c1 p4 #aci4 ,footnote #aje3 ,s jeal\sly are ^! relics kept1 t ev5 sov]eigns _c g up :]e !y are pres]v$1 )\t be+ fir/ appo9t$ ,canons ( ! ,basilica4 ,! ,emp]or ,fr$]ic ,,iii1 & aft]w>ds ,ladislaus son ( ! k+ ( ,pol&1 & ,cosimo ,,iii gr&-duke ( ,tuscany w5t up dress$ z ,canons ( ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,! le>n$ pr(essor ,%olz aft] 8 return f ,pale/9e def5d$ 9 a diss]tation ! g5u95ess ( ?is tomb aga9/ ,dr4 ,cl>k's objections3 if x be )9 ! walls ( ! mod]n city ( ,j]usalem1 x 0 c]ta9ly outside ! anci5t walls4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,! lance pres]v$ at ,nuremb]g resembles 9 =m t ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 b is made ( common iron1 unit$ ) a "p ( "o ( ! nails ( ! cross4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,^! relics are %ewn to ! p on holy-,w$nesday aft] ! mat9s ( ,t5ebrae2 on ,?ursday & ,friday sev]al times 9 ! day3 on holy ,saturday morn+ aft] mass3 on ,ea/] ,sunday aft] ! ,pontifical mass3 on ,ea/] ,monday1 & a few o!r fe/ivals4 ,footnote #aji3 ,! op9ion ( ,roe/ell 7,bes*reibung d] ,/adt ,rom1 ,b4 ,i1 p4 #djj7 t ^! phials conta9$ ! bless$ eu*>i/ "u ! =m ( w9e1 if admitt$1 w\ld =m a new pro( ( ! real & p]man5t pres5ce ( ,*ri/'s blood 9 ! ,b4 ,sacram5t2 yet x is a novel1 unsupport$1 & unt5able conjecture4 ,"s ( ! anci5t ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs compla91 x is true1 ( ! abuse ( bury+ ! eu*>i/ ) ! deceas$ "u ! =m ( bread2 b ! phials ( blood h be5 f\nd ) s _m bodies1 t we _c reasonably suppose ! cu/om to h be5 an abuse3 & :o among ! anci5ts m5tions t ! eu*>i/ 0 ev] buri$ ) !m "u ! =m ( w9e8 ,t ! palm-bran* or cr[n accompani$ by ^! phials ( blood are au!ntic signs ( m>tyrdom1 see ,ra\l-,ro*ette's ,memoires sur les pi]re sepulcrales1 t4 ,,xiii des ,mem4 de l',academie1 p4 #baj1 #bag4 ,on "o ( ! phials m5tion$ by ,roe/ell 0 f\nd ! inscription ,sanguis ,saturn9i4 ,footnote #aaj3 ,9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y is a small relic-case1 m>k$ ) ! monogram1 ( great simplicity & consequ5t antiquity4 ,!re is ano!r ( ivory1 adorn$ ) bas-reliefs ( ! resuscitation ( ,laz>us1 ,*ri/'s appreh5sion etc4 ,pla9]1 ,bes*]4 d] ,/adt ,rom4 ,b4 #b4 ,see also ,rock's ,hi]urgia ,vol4 #b1 cap #f4 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,,on ,,! ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,holy-,,saturday ,,cont5ts4 ,s]vice ( ,ea/]-eve--,c]emonies ( holy-saturday-morn+--,sixt9e *apel4 #a4 ,bless+ ( ! fire & inc5se-procession2 ,pas*al c&le--! deacon s+s ! ,exultet--triple c&le--#b4 ,baptism adm9i/]$ on ?is day3 communion ( *ildr5 9 =m] times--prophecies--#c4 ,! litany3 invocation ( ,sa9ts--*ange f m\rn+ to rejoic+--,high mass3 sacr$ pictures etc4--,alleluja--,vesp]s--end ( ! mass3 mass ( ,pope ,m>cellus--,c]emonies at ,s4 ,john ,lat]ans4 ,bless+ ( ! font3 bapti/]y--baptism ( adults--litanies & confirmation--mass & ord9ation--,arm5ian ca?olics--_! liturgy2 & high mass on ,ea/]-eve--reflections--,conclusion4 ,b n[ ,*ri/ is ris5 f ! dead1 ! fir/-fruits ( !m t sleep4 #a ,cor4 ,,xv1 #bj4 ,sid5ote3 ,s]vice ( ,ea/]-eve4 ,i rem>k$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 t anci5tly mass 0 n said ei!r on good-friday1 or holy-saturday1 & ,i quot$ ,pope ,innoc5t ,i1 :o assigns z a reason ! example ( ! ,apo/les1 :o sp5t ^? days 9 m\rn+ = _! ,ma/]4 ,x 0 =m]ly cu/om>y to celebrate mass on ! night ( ,ea/]-eve or holy ,saturday4 ,h5ce :5 ,t]tullian1 ! olde/ ,lat9 ,*ri/ian writ]1 endeav\r$ to dissuade 8 wife f ev] m>ry+ a pagan1 9 case ( 8 own dea?1 among o!r argum5ts he us$ ! foll[+2 ,:o w tranquilly wait = y1 :5 y are sp5d+ ! night at ! pas*al solemnities8 ,s4 ,j]ome also 79 cap4 #be ,matt47 says1 t accord+ to apo/olic tradition1 ! p did n leave ! *ur* on ,ea/]-eve be=e midnight4 ,?is cu/om cont9u$ = _m ages2 b ,hugh ( ,s4 ,victor 9 ! twelf? c5tury says1 t 9 8 "t1 9 ord] to avoid weakness aris+ f long fa/+1 ! h\r anci5tly obs]v$ 0 anticipat$4 ,! s]vice1 :i* is n[ p]=m$ be=e noon on holy ,saturday1 0 =m]ly assign$ to ! night ( ,ea/]-eve3 & ?is anticipation acc\nts = ! occasional m5tion ( night1 :i* x conta9s1 z well z = ! e>ly celebration ( ,*ri/'s resurrection4 ,sid5ote3 ,c]emonies ( holy saturday4 ,! c]emonies ( holy saturday-morn+ may be arrang$ "u ?ree heads3 #a/4 ! bless+ ( ! fire & ( ! pas*al c&le3 #bnd4 ! prep>ation =1 & c]emonies (1 baptism3 #crd4 ! litany & mass4 ,all ?ree allude1 z we %all see1 to ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 :i* is ! great object ( our devotion on ?is day4 ,9 ,rome two sanctu>ies are ! great c5tres ( attraction 9 ! morn+1 viz4 ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's on acc\nt ( ! baptism ( adults1 & ! ,sixt9e *apel1 :]e ! s]vice is always beautiful1 & p>ticul>ly on ?is day4 ,we %all fir/ give an acc\nt ( ! c]emonies obs]v$ 9 ! latt]1 & %all !n describe ! additional int]e/+ rites ( ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's4 ,sid5ote3 ,sixt9e *apel3 #a4 ,bless+ ( fire & inc5se4 #a4 ,z ! missal prescribes1 ! alt> is cov]$ at a conv5i5t h\r1 & ! c&les ( ! alt> are n light$ till ! beg9n+ ( ! mass4 ,a light1 f :i* ! *>coal = ! inc5se is enk9dl$1 is /ruck f a fl9t 9 ! sacri/y2 :]e also ,m4 ,sagri/a privately blesses wat]4 ,! c>d9als ent] ! ,sixt9e *apel ve/$ 9 _! purple cappe3 ! maces are rev]s$1 z on friday4 ,meantime 9 ! sacri/y ! ,c>d4 ,celebrant we>+ a purple cope & mitre1 & assi/$ by ! sacr$ m9i/]s1 blesses 7z usually ) holy wat] & inc5se7 ! fire & ! five gra9s ( inc5se1 :i* are to be fix$ 9 ! pas*al c&le#aaa4 ,sid5ote3 ,procession3 ,pas*al c&le4 ,! ,c>d9al aft]w>ds *anges 8 cope = a *asuble1 :i* is purple z well z t ( ! subdeacon2 b ! deacon1 z he is go+ to bless ! ,pas*al c&le#aab1 we>s a :ite dalmatic4 ,!y !n ent] ! ,sixt9e *apel2 :]e1 hav+ put inc5se into ! ?urible1 ! ,c>d9al rema9s3 b ! deacon1 ! subdeacon :o c>ries ! cross1 & ! o!r m9i/]s g to ! ,paul9e *apel1 :5ce a procession returns 9 ! foll[+ ord]4 ,aft] two mace be>]s comes an acoly! ) ! five gra9s ( inc5se1 & ano!r ) ! ?urible2 !n ! subdeacon c>ry+ ! cross2 & ! deacon ) a re$1 at ! top ( :i* are #c c&les unit$ toge!r4 ,at 8 left h& is a ,ma/] ( c]emonies ) a small c&le light$ f ! bless$ fire1 & he is foll[$ by two o!r acoly!s4 ,:5 ! deacon arrives ne> ! door ( ! cancellata1 "o ( ! ?ree c&les is light$1 & all g5uflect1 except ! subdeacon3 ! deacon !n s+s1 ,lum5 ,*ri/i1 ! light ( ,*ri/1 & ! *oir answ]s1 ,?anks be to ,god4 ,! o!r two c&les are light$ 9 turn1 z ! ,deacon approa*es ne>] to ! alt>2 s++ ! same words ea* "t1 b gradually 9 a high] tone4 ,he !n gives ! re$ to an acoly!2 & be=e he s+s ! exultet or bless+ ( ! ,pas*al c&le1 he receives ! b5$iction ( ! ,c>d4 ,celebrant1 :o once m puts inc5se into ! ?urible4 ,sid5ote3 ,deacon s+s ! ,exultet3 ,sid5ote3 triple c&le ,! deacon#aac goes to ! book1 & has ! subdeacon on 8 "r h&1 & on 8 left ! ?urif] & two acoly!s1 "o ( :om holds ! re$1 & ! o!r ! plate conta9+ ! five gra9s ( inc5se4 ,all /&1 z at ! gospel3 he inc5ses ! book1 & !n s+s ! ,exultet#aad4 ,aft] ! words curvat imp]ia1 he fixes 9 ! c&le ! five gra9s ( inc5se 9 ! =m ( a cross#aae4 ,at ! words ignis acc5dit he lights ! pas*al c&le ) "o ( ! ?ree lights#aaf4 ,:5 ! bless+1 z x is call$1 is end$1 ! pas*al c&le is left light$ ne> ! pulpit & ! seats ( ! ,c>d4 deacons1 & ! triple c&le is plac$ ne> ! alt> on ! gospel-side#aag4 ,! deacon !n takes (f 8 :ite ve/m5ts1 puts on o!rs ( a purple col\r1 & jo9s ! ,c>d1 celebrant1 :o accompani$ by ! m9i/]s takes 8 seat on ,faldi/orio ne> ! alt> on ! epi/le-side1 to he> ! prophecies recit$4 ,sid5ote3 #b4 ,baptism adm9i/]$4 ,sid5ote3 communion ( *ildr54 #b4 ,! adm9i/ration ( ! ,sacram5t ( ,baptism =ms an important feature 9 ! c]emonies ( ?is day3 inde$ anci5tly x 0 cu/om>y to conf] x only on holy-saturday1 & ! eve ( ,:it-sunday1 except 9 case ( necessity#aah4 ,on ^! two days ^? ,cate*um5s :o 7 suffici5tly in/ruct$1 & also *ildr51 us$ to be baptis$#aai by ! bi%op1 & by ! bi%op ( ,rome z well z o!rs#abj2 & aft] !y _h be5 baptis$1 !y all receiv$ ,confirmation & ! holy ,eu*>i/#aba4 ,sid5ote3 ,prophecies4 ,! twelve lessons or prophecies read on ?is day 7 int5d$ = ! in/ruction ( ! cate*um5s2 & !y are well select$ = t purpose1 z !y conta9 an acc\nt ( ! creat+1 ! flood1 ! ob$i5ce ( ,abraham1 ! deliv]ance ( ,god's p f _! enemies at ! r$ sea1 ! precept conc]n+ ! pas*al lamb1 ! conv]sion ( ,n9ive1 ! refusal ( ! ?ree *ildr5 to adore ,nabu*odonosor's /atue1 etc4 !y are twelve 9 ! anci5t ,gelasian ,ordo4 ,!y are sung 9 ! ,sixt9e *apel by memb]s ( ! papal *oir1 & are read by ! ,c>d4 celebrant4 ,aft] ea* prophecy ! ,c>d9al /&+ up s+s a pray]3 ! deacon *ants ,flectamus g5ua & ! subdeacon ,levate be=e ea*1 except ! la/1 :5 ! knee is n b5t1 9 ord] to %ew abhor5ce ( ! idolatry exact$ by ,nabu*odonosor = 8 /atue4 ,aft] ! #d?1 #h?1 & #aa? prophecies an appropriate ,tract is sung by ! *oir4 ,=m]ly "s or all ( ^! prophecies 7 said 9 ,greek z well z 9 ,lat94 7,see ,cancelli]i1 ,funz4 d4 ,set4 ,s4 ,sec4 #d1 ,m>t5e ,t4 #c4 p4 #adh474 ,^! lesson are recit$ ev5 :]e !re is no baptismal font1 z at ! ,sixt9e *apel4 ,aft] !m foll[ 9 ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's & o!r *ur*es ! bless+ ( ! font1 & 9 "s ( !m adm9i/ration ( baptism4 ,sid5ote3 #c4 ,! litany3 invocation ( ,sa9ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ange f m\rn+ to rejoic+4 #c4 ,9 ! papal *apel1 imm$iately aft] ! prophecies1 ! ,celebrant takes (f 8 *asuble1 & pro/rates himself ) ! sacr$ m9i/]s be=e ! alt>2 all ! o!rs also kneel1 & two t5or voices f ! *oir *ant 9 ! middle ( ! *apel ! great] litanies1 call$ ^? ( ! sa9ts1 ea* petition ( :i* is repeat$ 9 ! same words by ! *oir#abb4 ,be=e ! v]se ,peccatores te rogamus audi nos ! assi/ant prie/ & m9i/]s g to ! sacri/y1 & put on :ite ve/m5ts4 ,!n return+ to ! *apel !y assi/ ! ,c>d4 ,celebrant to put on 8 :ite ve/m5ts at 8 faldi/orio4 ,! c&les are n[ light$ 7at ! ,agnus ,dei ( ! litany1 z ! ,sacram5t>y ( ,s4 ,gregory & ! ,ordo ,romanus prescribe72 ! purple veil :i* cov]$ ! ?rone & ! purple paliotto or fac+ ( ! alt> are remov$2 & bo? appe> deck$ 9 :ite4 ,! ,c>d9als assi/$ by !irs caudat>ii take (f _! purple cappe1 & put on o!rs ( sc>let br\ght 9 by _! respective cam]i]i4 ,! reason ( ?is sudd5 *ange f m\rn+ to rejoic+ we h already se53 ! celebration ( ,*ri/'s resurrection f ! dead is celebrat$ by anticipation4 ,sid5ote3 ,high mass4 ,at ! end ( ! litanies1 ! ,pope 7if ,8 ,hol9ess 7 n pres5t at ! prec$+ c]emonies7 ent]s ! *apel1 we>+ a :ite cope & a mitre2 at ! foot ( ! alt> he repeals z usual ! beg9n+ ( ! mass ) ! ,c>d4 ,celebrant at ,8 left h&3 9 ! meantime ! *oir s+s solemnly ! ,kyrie eleison etc4 7z !re is no ,introit ( ! ,mass1 because ! p 7 assembl$ 9 ! *ur* previ\sly73 ! ,pope goes to ,8 ?rone1 & receives ! usual ubbidi5za2 & ! o!r cu/om>y c]emonies ( high mass 9 ! papal *apel take place 7see p4 #ai & foll47 ) su* exceptions z we %all n[ m5tion4 ,z soon z ! ,celebrant comm5ces ! ,gloria 9 excelsis1 ! veil is remov$ f ! tape/ry ov] ! alt>2 :i* repres5ts ,*ri/ ris+ f ! dead#abc1 ! cannons ( ,s4 ,angelo are dis*>g$1 ! arms are no long] rev]s$ & ! bells ( ! city are toll$1 to ann\nce to its fai?ful inhabitants ! resurrection ( _! ,div9e ,"l4 ,sid5ote3 ,alleluja4 ,aft] ! epi/le1 sung z usual by ! subdeacon1 ano!r subdeacon 7,uditore di ,rota7 we>+ a :ite tonacella or tunic ann\nces at ! foot ( ! ?rone ! joyful tid+s to ,8 ,hol9ess#abd by *ant+ al\d2 ,pat] sancte1 annuntio vobis gaudium magnum1 quod e/1 ,alleluja3 hav+ !n kiss$ ! ,pope's foot he returns into ! sacri/y4 ,?is ^w ( joy#abe ,alleluja1 7praise ,god7 :i* _h n be5 once utt]$ dur+ ! long season ( m\rn+ :i* prec$$ ?is solemnity1 is n[ sung ?rice by ! ,celebrant1 gradually rais+ 8 voice to a high] tone4 ,! *oir ree*oes x ea* "t1 s++ x 9 contrapunto1 & !n *ants ! v]se ,confitem9i1 & ! tract1 :i* is ord9>ily recit$ 9 p5it5tial times4 ,?r\gh\t ! mass ! joy ( ! *ur* is incomplete2 = ?\gh ,*ri/ has ris5 f ! dead1 ,he has n yet appe>$ to ,8 disciples1 & ! light ( fai? is /ill ov]cl\d$1 z ,alcu9 rem>ks3 h5ce lights are n c>ri$ at ! gospel2 ! ,cre$1 (f]tory1 motetto & ,agnus ,dei are omitt$1 & ! kiss ( peace is n giv5#abf4 ,m]ati adds to ! cause already assign$ ! wi% to abridge s]vice2 p>ticul>ly on acc\nt ( ! newly-baptis$ *ildr51 :o communicat$ at ?is mass2 & ! unusual %ortness ( ! ,vesp]s confirms ?is op9ion4 ,sid5ote3 ,end ( ! mass4 ,aft] ! ,celebrant has communicat$1 ,vesp]s are sung by ! *oir1 9 place ( ! communion & po/communion4 ,!y consi/ ( ! an!m ,alleluja repeat$ ?ree times be=e & aft] ! %ort psalm ,laudate ,dom9ion omnes g5tes etc42 ( ! an!m ,vesp] autem sabbati1 :i* ! ,celebrant comm5ces & ! *oir cont9ues2 ( ! ,magnificat#abg & 9 f9e ( ! pray] :i* is *ant$ by ! ,c>d4 ,celebrant4 ,:ile ! an!m be=e ! ,magnificat is sung1 ! ,pope puts inc5se into ! ?urible2 ! celebrant inc5ses ! crucifix & ! alt>1 & is inc5s$ by ! deacon1 & ! inc5s+ cont9ues z aft] ! (f]tory at high-mass 7,see p4 #ba7 ,at ! ,gloria ,patri ! deacon1 hav+ inc5s$ ! ,c>d1 prie/s1 b[s 8 head 9 ! middle ( ! *apel1 & !n proce$s to inc5se ! ,c>d1 deacons4 ,aft] ! pray]2 ,ite ,missa e/1 ,alleluja1 ,alleluja1 is sung2 & ! *oir answ]s1 ,deo gratias ,alleluja1 ,alleluja3 ! ,pope gives ! usual bless+1 ! ,celebrant publi%es ! indulg5ce ( ?irty ye>s & ?is beautiful s]vice t]m9ates4 ,9 ! sacri/y ,8 ,hol9ess puts on a mozzetta ( :ite 7in/ead ( r$7 damask1 & we>s x dur+ ! :ole ( ,ea/] week3 ,8 %oes also are :ite4 ,! ,c>d9als put on r$ mantellette & mozzette ov] _! purple cassocks2 ^! !y aft]w>ds *ange = o!rs ( sc>let4 ,sid5ote3 ,mass ( ,pope ,m>cellus4 ,! mass sung on ?is day is t ( ,pi]luigi da ,pale/r9a1 call$ ! mass ( ,pope ,m>cellus2 n because x 0 compos$ dur+ 8 pontificate2 b because1 accord+ to ,ba9i1 ,pi]luigi _h int5d$ to d$icate a "w to t ,pope1 to :om he 0 grateful & atta*$1 b 0 disappo9t$ by ,8 ,hol9ess' premature dea?2 & !re=e he p]suad$ ,c>d4 ,vitellozzi to give x t "n 9 hon\r ( 8 =m] patron4 ,?is is ! celebrat$ mass1 :i* rescu$ ecclesia/ical music f ! dang]s :i* surr\nd$ x 9 ! ,pontificate ( ,pius ,,iv 7z we h relat$ 9 ,! ,papal ,*apel1 ,rome1 #ahci71 & n ( ,m>cellus ,,ii1 z ,ba9i has prov$4 ,x is said1 t :5 x 0 fir/ sung 9 ! papal *apel1 ! ,c>d4 dean ,francesco ,pisani 0 s enraptur$ ) x1 t he exclaim$ ) ,dante1 ,p>adise1 ,canto ,x4 ,r5d] e que/o voce a voce 9 tempra ,ed 9 dolcezza1 *' ess] non puo nota ,se non cola dove il gioir s'insempra4 to :om1 ) all ! read9ess ( ! bucolic %eph]ds1 :om ?is classic soil ev5 n[ produces1 ,c>d4 ,sorbelloni1 ! ,pope's c\s91 repli$3 ,risponda dunque2 ,o beata sorte6 ,risponda alla div9a cantil5a ,da tutte p>ti la beata ,corte1 ,si *' ogni vi/a ne sia pia s]5a4 ,ba9i ,mem4 ,/or4 ,t4 #a4 ,sid5ote3 ,c]emonies at ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's4 ,! c]emonies ( holy-week are p]=m$ at ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's#abh by ! *apt] ( t protobasilica1 & resemble = ! mo/ "p ^? :i* we h already describ$4 ,on holy-saturday h[ev]1 9 addition to ! rites be=e m5tion$1 ! font ( ! bapti/]y is bless$ by ! ,c>d4 ,vic>1 baptism is solemnly adm9i/]$ !re to adults1 ! newly-baptis$ are confirm$ 9 ! *ur*1 ord9ation is conf]r$ dur+ mass ^u c&idates1 = ! prie/hood4 ,we %all treat briefly ( ^! v>i\s c]emonies4 ,sid5ote3 ,bless+ ( ! fonti3 bapti/]y4 ,aft] ! twelve prophecies h be5 recit$1 ! ,c>d4 ,vic>1 7z ! repres5tative ( ! ,bi%op ( ,rome7 we>+ a purple cope & a mitre1 goes 9 procession f ! tribune ( ! basilica to ! bapti/]y#abi4 ,he is prec$$ by acoly!s be>+ ! pas*al c&le#acj1 & ! cross & usual lights1 z well z by ! c&idates = baptism & ord]s1 & ! *apt] ( ! basilica4 ,9 ! mean "t ! beautiful tract1 ,z ! /ag ?ir/s = ! f\nta9s ( wat]1 etc4 is sung#aca4 ,8 ,em4 !n *ants ! pray]s appo9t$ = ! b5$iction ( ! font2 he divides ! wat] ) 8 h& 9 ! =m ( a cross1 exorcises x1 t\*es x1 signs x ?ree times ) ! sign ( our r$emption1 & p\rs "s ( x t[>ds ! f\r p>ts ( ! _w1 9 allusion to ! comm& ( ,*ri/3 ,g tea* all nations1 baptis+ !m 7,matt4 ,,xxviii74 ,he !n dips ! pas*al c&le ?ree times into ! wat]1 s++1 & ea* "t rais+ 8 voice to a high] pit* ?an be=e3 ,may ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d ^u ! fulness ( ?is font2 z :5 ,he desc5d$1 says ,gavant1 9 ! =m ( a dove at ! baptism ( ,*ri/ repres5t$ by ?is c&le plung$ into ! wat]4 ,!n brea?+ ?ree times on ! wat] ne>ly 9 ! =m ( a cross t he may unite ! ,tr9ity ) ! cross 7z ! same au?or obs]ves7 he cont9ues ! *ant1 & raises ! c&le f ! wat]1 allud+ 9 ! pray] to ! effect ( baptism1 :i* conf]s grace1 rais+ ! s\l f s9 to glory4 7,gavant74 ,! bless$ wat] is !n spr9kl$ ^u ! p1 & "s ( x is res]v$ to be spr9kl$ 9 h\ses1 etc4 ,9 ord] to sanctify ! wat] /ill m1 ! ,c>d9al n[ p\rs into x1 9 ! =m ( a cross1 oil ( cate*um5s & *rism2 & mixes !m ) ! wat] ( ! font1 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/4 ,?is la/ c]emony is int5d$ to signify1 accord+ to my/ical int]pret]s1 su* z ,amal>ius1 ,honorius1 ,dur&us1 etc4 ! union ( ,*ri/ by baptism ) ! memb]s ( ! *ur* 7,gavant74 ,! pray]s ( ?is b5$iction1 mo/ ( :i* are sung 9 ! tone ( ! preface at f]ial mass1 conta9 beautiful allusions to ! m5tion ( wat] 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 z = in/ance3 ,o ,god1 ^: ,_s at ! v beg9n+ ( ! _w 0 borne ^u ! wat]s1 t ! nature ( wat] might ev5 !n conceive ! p[] ( sanctification2 ,o ,god1 :o wa%+ ) wat]s ! crimes ( a guilty _w1 did/ sign ! figure ( reg5]ation 9 ! v out-p\r+ ( ! deluge2 may ?is font receive ( ! ,holy ,gho/ ! grace ( ?y only begott5 ,son#acb4 ,sid5ote3 ,baptism ( adults4 ,! ,ca]emoniale ,episcoporum prescribes t infants1 except 9 dang] ( dea?1 %\ld n be baptis$ dur+ ! eight prec$+ days1 t !y may be res]v$ = holy-,saturday4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! baptismal s]vice & ! exorcisms are p]=m$ privately 9 ! sacri/y by ! p>i%-prie/1 :ile ! prophecies are read 9 *ur*#acc4 ,aft] ! font has be5 bless$1 ! cate*um5s we>+ a long :ite dress1 & accompani$ by _! respective godfa!rs & godmo!rs1 approa* ! font1 & 9 turn asc5d4 ,9 answ] to ! que/ions ( ! ,c>d9al 7:o is n[ ve/$ 9 a :ite1 & n a purple1 cope17 hav+ r5\nc$ ,satan & all 8 works & pomps1 !y pr(ess _! belief 9 ! articles ( ,*ri/ian fai?1 & _! desire ( baptism#acd3 !n assi/$ by _! sponsors !y are baptis$ by infusion 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/2 !y are ano9t$ ) *rism1 receive a :ite g>m5t1 ) a *>ge to be> x unspott$ be=e ! tribunal ( ,*ri/1 & 9 f9e a light$ tap]1 t :5 ! ,"l %all come to ! nuptials1 !y may meet him 9 ! heav5ly c\rt unto life ev]la/+4 ,sid5ote3 ,litanies & confirmation4 ,! litanies are sung1 :ile ! procession returns to ! *ur*1 :]e ! newly-baptis$ are confirm$ 9 a side-*apel1 & exhort$ to p]sev]ance 9 virtue1 by ! ,c>d9al#ace2 ! litanies are !n cont9u$1 b cease :ile all kneel+ v5]ate ! heads ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul %ewn f above ! high alt>2 ! procession aft]w>ds returns to ! tribune1 :]e ! mass ( ! day is sung1 & ord]s are conf]r$ by ! ,c>d9al-,vic>4 ,sid5ote3 ,mass & ord9ation4 ,! ord]s ( prie/s & deacons are (t5 m5tion$ 9 ! ,n4 ,te/am5t3 & ! *ur*1 z ,s4 ,?omas obs]ves1 in/itut$ ! inf]ior ord]s4 ,subdeacons are m5tion$ by ,pope ,cornelius & ,s4 ,cyprian 9 ! #crd c5tury1 z well z acoly!s1 exorci/s1 & lectors4 ,s4 ,augu/9e & ,s4 ,gregory ,nazianz5 speak ( o/i>ii2 & ! cl]ical tonsure is m5tion$ by ,s4 ,isidore at ! beg9n+ ( ! #e? c5tury1 z a rite e/abli%$ be=e 8 "t4 ,ord]s are conf]r$ by ! lay+ on ( h&s & pray]1 z ! scripture tea*es1 & also by ! deliv]y ( ! in/rum5ts belong+ to ea* ord]3 appropriate exhortations address$ to ! c&idates = ! diff]5t ord]s are int]sp]s$ ) ! pray]s prescrib$ 9 ! pontifical4 7,on _! antiquity ! read] may consult ,mor9us de ,ord9ationibus1 ,m>t5e de ,antiquis ,eccl4 ,ritibus1 ,t4 #b4 etc47 ,! tonsure is giv5 aft] ! ,kyrie eleison ( ! mass1 ! #d m9or ord]s aft] ! ,gloria 9 excelsis2 subdeacons are orda9$ be=e ! epi/le1 :i* "o ( !m repeats2 deacons aft] ! epi/le & f9ally prie/s aft] ! fir/ "p ( ! tract4 ,^! la/1 aft] ! imposition ( h&s1 receive _! peculi> ve/m5ts1 viz4 ! /ole hang+ d[n 9 front1 & ! *asuble3 _! h&s are ano9t$ ) oil ( cate*um5s1 & !y receive a *alice conta9+ w9e & wat]1 a pat5 ) a ho/1 & p[] to say mass4 7,luke ,,xxii1 #ai74 ,aft] (f]+s ( c&le h be5 made to ! orda9+ ,bi%op1 ! new prie/s jo9 him 9 say+ mass#acf3 & aft] ! newly-orda9$ & baptis$ h communicat$1 ! prie/s pr(ess _! fai? by recit+ ! apo/les' cre$2 !y receive p[] to =give & reta9 s9s 7,john ,,xx1 #bb1 #bc71 !y promise rev]5ce & ob$i5ce to _! ecclesia/ical sup]ior1 & receive ! bi%ops bless+1 :o !n directs t masses & pray]s be said by ^? :om he has orda9$1 & recomm5ds himself to _! pray]s4 ,9 o!r respects ! mass is simil> to t ( ! ,papal *apel#acg4 ,morcelli 9 8 cal5d> 9 summ+ up ! c]emonies ( ?is day1 hav+ m5tion$ ! /ation at ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's1 ! baptism ( ,jews & ,turks1 & mass 9 ! papal *apel1 says t at ! ,gloria1 tonitrus torm5torum ab ,arce fiunt1 ,a,era templorum ac ,turium sonant4 ,sid5ote3 ,arm5ian ,ca?olics3 ,hav+ spok5 ( ! c]emonies ( ! ,vatican & ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's1 we might consid] our task z complet$#ach4 ,yet "o m funzione attracts our c\ntrym5 on ?is day2 & we are !re=e unwill+ to bid !m f>ewell1 be=e x is end$4 ,come !n to ,s4 ,biagio or to ,s4 ,gregorio ,illum9atore1 to assi/ at ! ,arm5ian mass2 & on ! road we may talk ( ! v5]able & amiable ,fa!rs :o p]=m t solemn s]vice1 & ( ! nature ( _! liturgy4 ,,ss4 ,b>?olomew & ,?addaeus 7 ! fir/ apo/les ( ,arm5ia3 b x 0 n till ! beg9n+ ( ! #d? c5tury1 t ! :ole c\ntry became ,*ri/ian 9 consequ5ce ( ! div9e bless+1 :i* att5d$ ! zeal\s ex]tions ( ,s4 ,gregory surnam$ ! ,illum9ator4 ,9 ! #f? c5tury great numb]s ( ! ,arm5ians 7 infect$ ) ! h]esy ( ,euty*es1 :o d5i$ t !re 7 two natures 9 ,*ri/3 & to ?is error !y aft]w>ds add$ "s o!rs4 ,9 ! pontificate ( ,john ,,xxii1 ab\t ! ye> #cbh1 a zeal\s ,dom9ican bi%op1 call$ ,b>?olomew ( ,bologna1 w5t z a mission>y among !m2 & _m ( ! ,euty*ians or ,monophysites return$ to ! bosom ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,9 ! #af? c5tury ! ,ca?olics 7 s furi\sly p]secut$ by ,za*>y1 a s*ismatical patri>*1 t !y fl$ & took refuge 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,!y h at pres5t two e/abli%m5ts at ,rome1 "o ( ! ,antonian monks at ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,gregory ,illum9ator1 beh9d ! colonnade ( ,s4 ,pet]'s2 & a national ospizio at ,s4 ,biagio 9 /rada ,giulia4 ,sid5ote3 _! liturgy4 ,! ,arm5ians1 says ,palm] h only "o liturgy1 :i* is writt5 9 ! anci5t ,arm5ian language1 & has be5 us$ by !m f "t immemorial4 ,! :ole gr\ndwork & ord] ( ! ,arm5ian liturgy co9cides ) ! ,caes>ean1 z us$ 9 ! "t ( ,basil4 ,?is liturgy has1 l mo/ o!rs1 receiv$ _m additions 9 ! c\rse ( ages4 ,!re are sev]al pray]s extract$ f ! liturgy ( ,*ryso/om1 & actually ascrib$ to him ,vol4 #a1 ,liturgy ( ,arm5ia4 ,! liturgy ( ,basil c be trac$ ) tol]able c]ta9ty to ! #d? c5tury4 ,/rik+ z are "s ( ! features1 9 :i* x diff]s f t ( ,antio*1 x is nev]!less evid5tly a sup]/ructure rais$ on t basis3 ! composition ( bo? is ! same1 i4e4 ! p>ts1 :i* !y h 9 common1 foll[ 9 ! same ord]4 ,! same may be said ( ! ,con/ant9opolitan liturgy1 commonly attribut$ to ,s4 ,*ryso/om1 ( t ( ! ,arm5ian *ur*1 & ( ! florid & v]bose composition 9 use among ! ,ne/orians ( ,mesopotamia4 ,s t ! liturgy ( ,antio*1 commonly attribut$ to ,s4 ,james1 appe>s to be ! basis ( all ! ori5tal liturgies4 ,tracts = ! ,times1 ,n4 #fc4 ,! au?or !n proce$s to /ate ! gr\nds ( ! belief t ! liturgies ( ,antio*1 ,alex&ria1 ,rome & ,gaul 7 ( ,apo/olic orig92 conclud+ ?us ,x may p]haps be said )\t exagg]ation1 t next to ! holy scriptures !y possess ! greate/ claims on our v5]ation & /udy4 ,padre ,av$i*ian obs]ves 9 8 preface to ! ,arm5ian liturgy1 t x 0 probably compil$ by ,john ,m&agun5se1 an ,arm5ian patri>* ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,sid5ote3 ,arm5ian high-mass4 ,we %all n[ give a brief acc\nt ( _! high mass1 :i* we d ! m readily1 because ,mr4 ,palm] repres5ts x 9 a v mutilat$ =m4 ,! celebrant1 :e!r prie/ or bi%op1 is ve/$ 9 ! sacri/y3 ! ve/m5ts be> "s resemblance to ^? ( ! ,greeks4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! mass is ! only "p probably tak5 f ! ,roman liturgy1 b x conta9s an invocation ( ! ,b4 ,virg9 & ( ! sa9t ( ! day4 ,:5 ! celebrant goes up to ! alt>1 ! veil is drawn3 he uncov]s ! *alice1 blesses ! ho/1 :i* is l ours ( unleav5$ bread2 p\rs w9e & wat] into ! *alice1 & recites ! beautiful pray] ( ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om3 ,o ,"l our ,god1 :o ha/ s5t our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ ! cele/ial bread1 ! n\ri%m5t ( ! :ole _w2 d ?\ bless ?is proposition etc4 ,! veil is !n drawn back1 & ! (f]+s1 ! alt>1 & ! p are inc5s$4 ,! ,celebrant recites ! pray] ( ! fe/ival1 foll[$ by o!r pray]s compos$ by ,s4 ,john ,*ryso/om3 ! ,trisagion is sung1 & ! gospel is c>ri$ 9 procession1 & is kiss$ by "o ( ! congregation4 ,!n foll[ ! epi/le1 gospel1 & cre$4 ,aft] two pray]s1 & two b5$ictions imp>t$ to ! p2 ! (f]+s are c>ri$ 9 procession to ! alt>1 ! celebrant (f]s !m up to ,god1 & prays t ,jesus ,*ri/ w make him wor?y to consecrate1 & receive 8 holy & immaculate body & preci\s blood2 = ?\1 ,o ,*ri/ our ,god1 art he :o (f]s & is (f]$4 ,aft] he has wa%$ 8 h&s1 he says ,o ,"l ,god ( armies1 let ?is victim become ! true body & blood ( ?y only begott5 ,son4 ,he !n blesses ! p1 says pray]s :i* correspond to our preface & ,sanctus1 & pron\nces ! words ( consecration4 ,aft] he has said o!r pray]s1 & made ! sign ( ! cross sev]al times ov] ! ho/ & *alice1 he invokes ! holy ,gho/1 begg+ also t ! body & blood ( ,*ri/ may produce ! salvation ( our s\ls & ! remission ( our s9s4 ,he !n prays1 ?r\gh ! m]its ( ! holy sacrifice1 = ! :ole _w1 ! *ur* & /ate1 all conditions ( m5 & = all ! fai?ful dep>t$3 he invokes ! int]cession ( ! ,b4 ,virg9 & all ! ,sa9ts3 he prays = ! ,pope & all pres5t2 & aft] o!r simil> supplications1 he says ! ,pat] no/]4 ,! elevation takes place at ?is "p ( ! mass1 & also ! bless+ ( ! p ) ! consecrat$ ho/ & *alice1 accompani$ by appropriate pray]s4 ,aft] ! curta9s h be5 drawn1 ! prie/ breaks ! ho/1 & puts a p>ticle ( x into ! *alice3 he !n receives communion1 blesses ! p ) ! *alice & p>ticle1 & di/ributes communion2 be=e its di/ribution ! curta9s are drawn back4 ,:5 ! ablutions & pray]s aft] ! celebrant's communion are end$1 turn+ t[>ds ! p1 he recites a pray] ( ,s4 ,john ,*riso/om1 :i* is foll[$ by ! la/ gospel4 ,!n invok+ ! holy cross he blesses ! p1 :o unite 9 prais+ ,god4 ,he f9ally blesses !m aga91 & di/ributes bless$ bread 7n consecrat$7 among !m4 ,at ,s4 ,gregorio ,illum9atore ,vesp]s are add$ & said 9 circolo3 ! cl]gy c>ry tap]s2 & ! gospel is held up by ! ,celebrant to implore bless+s on ! p4 ,sid5ote3 ,reflections4 ,^! c]emonies may appe> s+ul> to u1 :o are ( a diff]5t clime & diff]5t cu/oms2 _! music 9 p>ticul> is little 9 accordance ) our ta/e1 or notions ( melody & h>mony4 ,yet ! rem>k ( ,montfaucon 7,di>io ,italico7 a]a ,dodonaea dixisses1 allud+ to ! brass kettles ( ! oracle 7,pott] ,ar*4 ,graec4 ,b4 #b1 ,sec4 #h7 is an exagg]ation4 ,_! flabelli are ( metal1 ( a r\nd =m1 surr\nd$ ) little bells1 :i* are s\nd$ at ! s]aphic hymn1 to express1 if we might believe ,cancelli]i1 by ! trembl+ ( ! h&s1 t ( ! bless$ spirits1 :o assi/ at ! ?rone ( ! ,div9e ,maje/y ) fe> & trembl+4 7,tre ,pontific4 ,n4 ,,vi74 ,_! mass is anticipat$1 b n at s e>ly an h\r z t ( ! ,lat94 7,ev5 9 ! ,lat9 *ur*1 p]missions to say mass 9 ! aft]noon ( ?is day h be5 grant$ by "s ,popes2 !y may be se5 9 ,cancelli]i4 ,funz4 d4 ,sett4 ,s4 p4 #ahc1 #ahd74 ,amid ! num]\s diff]5ces betwe5 _! rite & our own1 ! att5tive spectator w n fail to rem>k ! simil>ity ( ! sub/ance & ord] ( _! liturgy1 & ( t ( ! ,roman *ur*2 al?\gh1 ) ! solit>y exception ( ! beg9n+ ( ! mass1 bo? h exi/$ indep5d5tly ( "o ano!r dur+ ! la/ #adjj ye>s4 ,?is is a p[]ful argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! great antiquity1 nay ( ! apo/olic orig9 ( _! mo/ important c]emonies1 :i* may be trac$ ?r\gh diff]5t *annels to ! primitive liturgies ( ,rome & ,antio*4 ,x is also "o ( ^? /rik+ illu/rations1 :i* ,rome pres5ts1 ( ! unity & ca?olicity ( ! *ur*2 & at ! same "t ( ! adaptation ( h] immutable doctr9es & sacr$ practices to ! feel+s & cu/oms ( widely-sep>at$ nations :o1 hav+ little 9 common b human nature1 yet all ackn[l$ge "o ,"l1 "o fai?1 & "o baptism4 7,ephes4 ,,iv4 #e72 & all belong to "o fold & "o %eph]d4 ,john ,x1 #af4 ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion4 ,hav+ n[ consid]$ 9 detail ! v>i\s c]emonies ( ,holy ,week at ,rome1 a philosophic m9d w take a g5]al review ( !m3 & ?is "q w v naturally sugge/ itself3 ,:at judgm5t ought ,i to =m conc]n+ !m8 am ,i to consid] !m z mumm]y1 or sup]/ition1 or idolatry1 z _m mo/ confid5tly pron\nce1 :o are unacqua9t$ ) _! nature1 _! orig91 & _! mean+2 & at ! same "t are little accu/om$ f e>ly infancy to any language or ge/iculations save ^? ( ! tongue8 or am ,i n r to reg>d !m z a solemn1 & sacr$1 & pa!tic1 & mo/ anci5t expression ( ,*ri/ian fai? & ,*ri/ian feel+2 :i*1 unit$ z x is ) ! noble/ productions ( div9e inspiration & ( ,*ri/ian art may haply n only in/ruct & elevate ! m9d1 b also enk9dle 9 ! s\l flames ( t pure & practical devotion1 :i* ?is holy season dem&s f e foll[] ( ,*ri/8 ,let ! read] decide = himself2 b = our "p1 we envy n ! m9d or he>t ( him1 :o c pref] ! =m] ( ^! views4 ,we %all ev] bless ,god1 t we h le>nt 9 ano!r s*ool n to condemn ! cu/oms & mann]s ( o!r c\ntries & o!r p1 m]ely because !y diff] f our own2 & t we are dispos$ to attribute to signs ! mean+ atta*$ to !m by ^? :o adopt !m1 & n t ( our own fancies4 ,m5 ( w>m] climates ?an our own convey to o!rs _! s5tim5ts & feel+s by action z easily z by ! tongue4 ,italians1 z well z ,greeks & ,ori5tals1 h inh]it$ f _! fa!rs a language ( ge/ure m p[]ful & expressive ?an t ( words4 ,! ,hebrew prophets1 ,isaiah1 ,eze*iel1 & o!rs1 nay ,*ri/ himself1 spoke by action z well by ! tongue4 ,god appo9t$ 9 ! old law innum]able c]emonies3 ,*ri/ 9 ! new law ( _s & tru? in/itut$ sacr$ rites1 or sanctifi$ ^? :i* previ\sly exi/$3 ! e>ly *ur* imitat$ ,8 bless$ example3 & !y h be5 fai?fully pres]v$ z a preci\s inh]itance till ! pres5t "t4 ,! v objection1 t "s ( !m 7 borr[$ f ,jews or ,pagans1 is a pro( ( _! primitive antiquity3 ,*ri/ or ! *ur* remov$ f !m all pr(an5ess or sup]/ition1 & !n adopt$ & sanctifi$ !m4 7,see ,wiseman's ,lett]s to ,poynd]74 ,if all p>ties unite 9 approbation ( ! illum9ation ( ! cupola ( ,s4 ,pet]'s1 & ( ! fireworks ( ,s4 ,angelo1 consid]$ z outw>d demon/rations ( ! exultation ( ! *ur* at ! resurrection ( h] ,div9e ,sp\se2 we %all ev] admire also ! expressions ( *ri/ian feel+ exhibit$ 9 ! int]ior ( h] temples1 :e!r !y consi/ 9 c]emonies or words2 & on ?is day emulat+ ! transports ( joy ( ! f]v5t & eloqu5t pilgrim to ,j]usalem & ,m\nt ,s9ai1 :5 %all unite our voices ) ^? ( ! angelic spirits 9 s++1 ,alleluja2 because ,jesus ,*ri/1 our ,"l1 :o 0 deliv]$ up = our s9s1 rose aga9 = our ju/ification4 ,rome4 ,,iv1 #bd1 #be4aci ,footnote #aaa3 ,anci5tly 9 "s *ur*es1 z ,?omass9 has %ewn 7de di]um ,fe/orum celebratione lib4 #b4 c4 #ad71 fire us$ to be /ruck f a fl9t to light ! *ur*-lamps etc4 e day & p>ticul>ly on ,saturday1 & ! new fire 0 bless$2 on holy ,saturday h[ev] ?is c]emony 0 p]=m$ ) great solemnity2 & 9 ! #aa? c5tury x 0 re/rict$ to t day alone4 ,at ,rome 9 holy week ?is practice 0 n orig9ally conf9$ to holy ,saturday1 b 0 obs]v$ on ! ?ree days be=e ca/]3 = ! fir/ ,ordo ,romanus directs1 t on holy ?ursday fire %\ld be /ruck f a fl9t outside ! *ur*1 & bless$4 ,amal>ius also 7#d;e ,ord9e ,antiph47 te/ifies t on good friday new fire 0 enk9dl$ & res]v$ till ! nocturnal (fice4 ,leo ,,iv h[ev] 7,a4,d4 #hdg7 appe>s to h fir/ ord]$ t on ,ea/] ,eve ! old fire %\ld be put out1 & new fire bless$ & di/ribut$ among ! p 7,homil4 de cura ,pa/orali74 ,= ,pope ,za*>y1 ab\t ! ye> #gca4 9 answ] to ! enquiries ( ,boniface1 bi%op ( ,may5ce1 /ates t on holy ?ursday1 :5 ! sacr$ *rism is consecrat$1 ?ree lamps ( a l>ge size fill$ ) oil collect$ f ! diff]5t lamps ( ! *ur*1 & plac$ 9 a secret "p ( ! said *ur*1 %\ld burn !re con/antly1 s t ! oil may suffice till ! ?ird day1 t is saturday4 ,!n let ! fire ( ! lamps :i* is us$ = ! sacr$ font be r5ew$4 ,b conc]n+ ! fire tak5 ex cri/allis1 z y h ass]t$1 we h no tradition4 ,p\get 7,in/4 ,ca?ol4 l4 #a7 obs]ves t ! new fire is bless$ ) great solemnity on ?is day1 because ! fire /ruck f a fl9t appe>s to be a type ( ,*ri/ aris+ f ! dead4 ,=m]ly n only ! lights ( ! *ur*1 b all ! fires ( ! city 7 enk9dl$ f ! bless$ fire 7z we le>n f a ,,ms4 ,sancti ,victoris 7ap4 ,m>t5e1 ,de ant4 ,eccl4 ,ritibus lib4 ,,iv1 c4 ,,xxiv74 ,aft] ! ,ite ,missa e/ says ! ,ord9>ium ( ,luke ar*bi%op ( ,cos5za ! bi%op gives 8 bless+1 & imm$iately ! deacon comm&s ! p1 say+ ,receive ! new fire f ! holy c&le1 & hav+ put out ! old1 light x 9 y\r h\ses 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/2 !n rejoic+ !y dep>t ) ! light4 ,?is cu/om is m5tion$ also 9 ,leo ,i,vth's homily above quot$4 ,footnote #aab3 ,z = ! ,pas*al c&le1 ,ana/asius says t ,zosimus1 :o 0 elect$ pope 9 #dag1 gave leave t c&les %\ld be bless$ 9 ! *ur*es4 ,b5$4 ,,xiv1 ,m]ati & ,grets] und]/& by ^! words1 t t ,pontiff only ext5d$ to ! p>i% *ur*es a cu/om already practis$ 9 ! great] *ur*es3 h[ev] ?is may be1 ! bless+ ( ?is c&le is at lea/ z old z ! "t ( ,pope ,zosimus4 ,x is ins]t$ 9 ! anci5t sacram5t>y ( ,pope ,gelasius 7,a4,d4 #die74 ,s4 ,augu/9e 7lib4 #ae de ,civ4 ,dei7 m5tions "s v]ses writt5 by himself 9 praise ( ! pas*al c&le4 ,s4 ,j]ome also speaks ( x 9 8 epi/les2 & ,ennodius bi%op ( ,pavia 9 #eai wrote two =mulas1 accord+ to :i* x might be bless$4 ,cancelli]i1 at ! end ( 8 ,funzioni della ,settimana ,santa1 describes two bless+s ( ! pas*al c&le conta9$ 9 manuscripts ( ! #ab? c5tury4 ,du ,v]t z usual rejects e my/ical mean+ ( ! c&le3 b :y !n %\ld x be light$ on ?is night1 & n on *ri/mas & o!r nights8 ,! #d? ,c\ncil ( ,tol$o1 held 9 #fcc1 /ates t ! pas*al c&le is bless$1 9 ord] t we may receive ! my/]y ( ,*ri/'s resurrection2 & h5ce ! abbot ,rup]t says1 t ! c&le :5 light$ repres5ts ,*ri/'s resurrection f ! dead4 ,t su* is its mean+ appe>s f ! five holes made 9 x 9 ! =m ( a cross1 to repres5t ! five w\nds ( ,*ri/3 9 !m ! five gra9s ( inc5se are fix$ by ! ,deacon1 9 ord] to repres5t1 accord+ to ,rup]t1 ! spices appli$ to ,*ri/'s body by ,joseph ( ,arima!a4 ,9 confirmation ( ?is explanation1 we may obs]ve t ?is c&le is n remov$ f ! *ur* till ! gospel has be5 sung on ,asc5sion-day :5 ,*ri/ dep>t$ f among m53 & x is light$ at solemn mass be=e ! gospel & at vesp]s be=e ! ,magnificat on ! ,sundays & holidays :i* occur betwe5 holy saturday & ! asc5sion4 ,to ! same symbolical mean+ ( ?is c&le we mu/ attribute ! anci5t cu/om ( affix+ to x 7z a symbol ( ,*ri/7 a tablet on :i* ! curr5t ye> ( our ,"l & its indiction 7 m>k$3 sometimes ^!1 if n o!r *ronological dates1 7 inscrib$ on ! c&le itself by ! deacon1 be=e he sang ! ,exultet1 z ,v54 ,b$e te/ifies1 ,! same idea 0 pres]v$ 9 ! practice ( =m+ ! ,agnus ,dei ) ! wax ( ! pas*al c&le4 ,on ?is day 7holy saturday7 says ,dur&us ! acoly!s ( ! ,roman *ur* make lambs ( newly bless$ wax1 or ( ! wax ( ! pas*al c&le ( ! prec$+ ye> mix$ ) *rism3 on ,saturday 9 ,albis !y are di/ribut$ by ! ,"l ,pope to ! p 9 ! *ur*es4 ,amal>ius likewise m5tions ?is cu/om4 ,x appe>s also f ! two b5$ictions ( ,ennodius m5tion$ above1 t ! fai?ful us$ p>ticles ( ! pascal c&le z a pres]vative aga9/ /orms3 ! good effects hop$ = 9 ?is & simil> cases are attribut$ to ! pray]s ( ! *ur*1 :i* ,god 9 ,8 goodness has promis$ to he>4 ,! pas*al c&le is pa9t$ accord+ to an anci5t cu/om4 ,a/ alii pictis acc5dant lum9a c]is4 ,s4 ,paul9us ,nat4 ,,vi4 ,s ,felicis ,pi]9 del ,vaga1 :om ,vas>i consid]$ z ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ,raffaello's assi/ants1 0 orig9ally no?+ m ?an a c&lepa9t]4 ,8 creation ( ,eve at ,s4 ,m>cello at ,rome1 & 8 frescoes 9 ! ,doria place at ,g5oa1 are well-kn[n2 at ! ,vatican he assi/$ ,giovanni d',ud9e 9 8 arabesques1 ,polidoro 9 8 antique *i>oscuri1 & execut$ "s ( ! mo/ beautiful hi/orical pa9t+s ( ! loggie di ,raffaello4 ,h5ce may we judge ( ! v]satility ( 8 tal5ts4 ,footnote #aac3 ,:y does a deacon p]=m ?is c]emony8 s9ce o!r b5$ictions are res]v$ to bi%ops & prie/s4 ,rup]t assigns z a reason1 t ,*ri/'s body 0 wrapp$ 9 spices by 8 disciples1 & n by ! apo/les ^: successors are bi%ops & prie/s3 besides1 ! hymn sung by ! deacon is ! praeconium ,pas*ale1 or ann\ncem5t ( ! ,resurrection1 :i* 0 fir/ made by inf]iors to _! sup]iors1 by ! wom5 to ! apo/les4 ,we may add t bo? ! fire & ! #e gra9s ( inc5se are previ\sly bless$ by ! prie/1 & 9 ! praeconium itself !re is n any =m ( bless+1 /rictly speak+4 ,9 ! *ur* ( ,rav5na h[ev] ! bi%op us$ to bless ?is c&le 7,s4 ,gregory ep4 #bh1 lib4 #i74 ,9 ! ,roman *ur*1 accord+ to c>d9al ,gaetani1 ! la/ ( ! ,c>d9al prie/s usually bless$ ! fire1 & ! la/ ,c>d4 deacon light$ ! lum5 ,*ri/i1 or triple c&le1 & ! ,pas*al c&le4 ,! deacon us$ to bless ! latt] ei!r at ! /eps ( ! presbyt]y1 or f ! ambo2 & h5ce we f9d a m>ble column1 int5d$ to support x1 fix$ to ! ambo 9 ,s4 ,clem5t's ,s4 ,laur5ce's1 & ,s4 ,pancras' *ur*es at ,rome4 ,see ano!r m>ble column de/9$ = ! same use ap4 ,ciamp9i1 ,vet4 mon4 cap4 #b4 ,footnote #aad3 ,m>t5e 7,de antiquis ,eccl4 rit4 lib4 #d1 c4 #bd7 ma9ta9s t ?is hymn 0 compos$ by ,s4 ,augu/9e1 & ?is op9ion is adopt$ also by ,baillet & ,b5$ict ,,xiv1 & confirm$ by a ,,ms4 pontifical ( ! *ur* ( ,pavia ( ! #i? c5tury1 & o!r docum5ts cit$ by ,m>t5e1 ibid3 x 0 correct$ by ,s4 ,j]ome1 if we may believe an anci5t ,pontifical ( ,poiti]s 7quot$ ibid47 ,! *ant ( ?is beautiful hymn is v anci5t4 ,i h se51 says ,ba9i 9 _m manuscripts bo? ant]ior & po/]ior to ! #aa? c5tury ! melodies ( ! preface1 ( ! ,pat] no/]1 ( ! ,exultet1 & ( ! ,gloria precisely su* z ! mod]n 7,t4 #b1 p4 #ib74 ,9 a spl5did roll ( ! ,m9]va 7sign$ ,d4 #a4 #b7 ( ! #i? c5tury1 are conta9$ ! ,exultet1 ! solemn b5$iction ( ! baptismal font1 & ! adm9i/ration ( all ! ecclesia/ical ord]s4 ,nor is ?is ! only roll conta9+ ! *ant precisely simil> to ! mod]n4 ,d',ag9c\rt left ano!r to ! ,vatican libr>y4 ,see also ,,ms4 no4 #ccc ( ! ,b>b]9i libr>y1 ( ! ye> #aejc4 ,footnote #aae3 ,prud5tius speaks ( ! guttas ol5tes or odorif]\s drops ( ! c&le1 & ,s4 ,paul9us ( ,nola ( odora lum9a3 h5ce ,p4 ,arevalo conjectures t ! gra9s ( inc5se 7 fix$ 9 ! pas*al c&le ev5 at ! "t ( ,prud5tius 9 ! #d? c5tury4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,9 *ur*es1 at ! words ,apis mat] eduxit1 ! lamps also are light$4 ,) reg>d to ! triple c&le1 we may obs]ve t on an anci5t m>ble column pres]v$ 9 ! ,piazza be=e ! ca!dral ( ,capua is a bas-relief repres5t+ ! light+ ( ! pas*al c&le by means ( a re$ surm\nt$ by #c small c&les1 z ! ,canonico ,natali te/ifies 9 a lett] pr9t$ at ,naples 9 #aggf4 ,! triple c&le is m5tion$ 9 ! ,ordo ,romanus ( ,c>d4 ,gaetano1 9 t ( ,amelius1 & 9 a ,,ms4 ,pontifical ( ! *ur* ( ,apamea1 ap4 ,m>t5e4 ,z ,?omass9 obs]ves1 we light a c&le divid$ into ?ree 9 hon\r ( ! ,tr9ity1 consid]+ t enlight5$ by ,*ri/ we "k t recondite my/]y4 ,gavant also gives ! same explanation4 ,9 ! ,greek s]vice ! bi%op gives 8 bless+1 z (t5 z he s+s mass1 ) a triple c&le4 ,9 ! ,lat9 *ur* x is us$ only on holy ,saturday4 ,footnote #aag3 ,see ,app5dix4 ,footnote #aah3 ,?is cu/om is prov$ f ! lett] ( ,siricius ,pope 9 ! #d? c5tury to ,himm]ius1 f lett]s ( ,s4 ,leo & ,pope ,gelasius1 z well z o!r anci5t docum5ts 7ap4 ,b5$4 ,,xiv1 ,in/itut4 prima ed lat472 & ve/iges ( x are pres]v$ 9 ! liturgy ( ! weeks ( ,ea/] & ,p5teco/4 ,ord9ations 7 g5]ally conf]r$ be=e ,*ri/mas1 z is evid5t f ! lives ( ! e>ly ,popes4 ,baptism 0 adm9i/]$ be=e ! great fe/ivals ( ,ea/] & ,p5teco/1 t ! newly-baptis$ might be prep>$ to celebrate !m wor?ily1 & receive ! graces !re9 commemorat$4 ,p]haps ano!r reason = select+ ! eve ( ,ea/] may be f\nd 9 ! p>allel drawn by ,s4 ,paul betwe5 baptism & ,*ri/'s dea? & resurrection 7,rom4 ,,vi1 #e & foll473 we :o are baptis$ 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus are baptis$ 9 8 dea?4 ,= we are buri$ toge!r ) him by baptism unto dea?3 t z ,*ri/ is ris5 f ! dead by ! glory ( ! ,fa!r1 s we also may walk 9 newness ( life etc4 ,footnote #aai3 ,see on su* subjects ,del ,signore's ,in/itut4 ,hi/4 ,eccles4 ) notes by ,pr(4 ,tizzani ,cap4 ,v4 ,sec4 #ai seq4 ,footnote #abj3 ,see ,comm4 ad ,ord4 ,rom4 ,mabillonii tom4 #b1 ,mus4 ,ital4 p4 #ie4 ,footnote #aba3 ,accord+ to ! ,ordo ,romanus1 *ildr5 aft] baptism on ?is day 7 to take no food or milk be=e ,communion & on all days ( ,ea/]-week let !m g to ,mass1 & let _! p>5ts (f] = !m1 & let all communicate4 ,z ,cabassutius proves 9 8 notitia ,ecclesia/ica saeculi primi1 !y us$ to receive ! ,b4 ,sacram5t "u ! =m ( w9e alone4 ,! bi%op dipp$ 8 f+] into ! sacr$ blood1 & !n put x into ! m\? ( ! *ild a practice obs]v$ 9 mod]n times 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,ea/1 accord+ to ! le>n$ ,m>onite ,abraham ,ec*ell5sis2 aft]w>ds a little milk & honey 0 put into _! m\?s1 z an emblem 7accord+ to ,john ! deacon7 ( ! promis$ l&1 to :i* !y 7 call$4 ,?is cu/om ( giv+ communion to *ildr5 0 n ( necessity = salvation1 z ,c>d9al ,noris proves 9 ,v9diciis ,augu/9ianis ,sec4 #d1 & ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t obs]ves4 ,9 "s places an abuse crept 9 ( putt+ ! milk & honey into ! consecrat$ *alice1 b x 0 prohibit$ by an ,african ,c\ncil4 ,footnote #abb3 ,9 ! #d? c5tury1 ,s4 ,basil writ+ to ! cl]gy ( ,neoces>ea obs]ves1 t ! litanies1 :i* !y !n us$1 7 introduc$ aft] ! "t ( ,s4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus 7,epi/4 #fc74 ,9 ,gaul ab\t ! ye> #deb1 ,s4 ,mam]tus bi%op ( ,vi5ne appo9t$ solemn litanies to be recit$ on ! ?ree rogation days4 ,at ,rome1 say ,palm]1 no d\bt litanies 7 9 use at an e>ly p]iod1 s9ce we f9d t 9 ! "t ( ,gregory ! great 7,a4,d4 #eij71 ! appellation ( litany _h be5 s long giv5 to processional supplications1 t x 0 !n famili>ly appli$ to ^? p]sons :o =m$ ! procession4 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #bga4 ,t holy ,pontiff gave ! foll[+ directions2 ,let ! litany ( ! cl]gy set out f ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ! litany ( ! m5 f ! *ur* ( ! holy m>tyr ,m>cellus1 ! litany ( ! monks f ! *ur* ( ,,ss ,john & ,paul3 ! litany ( ! h&maids ( ,god f ! *ur* ( ! bless$ m>tyrs ,cosmas & ,damian1 ! litany ( ! m>ri$ wom5 f ! *ur* ( ! bless$ protom>tyr ,/eph52 ! litany ( ! wid[s f ! *ur* ( ! bless$ m>tyr ,vitalis1 ! litany ( ! poor & *ildr5 f ! *ur* ( ! bless$ m>tyr ,cecilia4 ,vita ,s4 ,gregorii a ,joanne ,diacono1 lib4 #a1 c4 #db4 ,t ! litanies 7 recit$ on holy-saturday appe>s f sev]al anci5t rites quot$ by ,m>l5e 7,de ,ant4 ,eccl4 ,ritibus1 lib4 #d1 c4 ,,xxv1 & lib4 #a1 c4 ,i1 art4 #ah74 ,palm]1 wi%+ to def5d ! liturgy ( ! *ur* ( ,engl&1 ma9ta9s ! antiquity ( litanies1 b pret5ds t ! invocations ( sa9ts 7 n orig9ally conta9$ 9 !m1 b 7 add$ to !m 9 ! we/ ab\t ! eigh? c5tury 7vol4 ,i1 p4 #bhi74 ,f a passage 9 ,walafridus ,/rabo he is l$ to admit t at 8 "t 7! n9? c5tury7 ^! invocations mu/ h be5 = "s "t 9 use1 & accord+ly manuscript litanies conta9+ invocations h be5 discov]$ by le>n$ m51 :i* appe> f int]nal evid5ce to be z old z ! eigh? c5tury4 ,he attempts h[ev] by negative argum5ts to %ew1 t ^! invocations are n m anci5t ?an t p]iod2 al?\gh at ! same "t he confesses t we h no di/9ct acc\nt ( ! nature ( ! s]vice :i* 0 us$ on occasions ( peculi> supplication dur+ ! e>lie/ ages4 p4 #bgb4 ,to 8 argum5ts we may oppose ! positive te/imony ( ,walafridus ,/rabo1 :o says ,! litany ( ! holy names is believ$ to h come into use aft] ,j]ome1 foll[+ ,eusebius ( ,ces>ea1 _h compos$ ! m>tyrology4 ,a long "t1 ab\t ?ree c5turies1 elaps$ be=e ! canon ( ! scriptures 0 det]m9$2 & x is n !re=e surpris+ if ! canon ( sa9ts1 7if su* x may be call$71 :o di$ at consid]able int]vals1 requir$ "s "t = its =mation4 ,invocations ( ! sa9ts 9 anci5t litanies may be se5 ap4 ,m>t5e 7lib4 #d;f c4 #bg & lib4 #a1 c4 #a1 art4 #ah74 ,"o w\ld conceive f ,palm]'s acc\nt ( ! ,ambrosian litany t x did n conta9 invocations ( ! sa9ts1 p4 #bgf2 yet 9 ! ,ambrosian processional1 to :i* he alludes1 we read z foll[s ,aft]w>ds !y g to ! alt>1 7 ! litanies are recit$ on b5d$ knees1 9 recit+ :i* ! names ( ! sa9ts )\t ,int]c$e pro nobis are sung al\d by ! provo/ & cl]gy ( ! fir/ collegiate *ur*2 & by ! o!r cl]gy ) ,int]c$e pro nobis & ?is rite ( s++ ! litanies & antiphons is obs]v$ 9 e o!r /ational *ur*4 ap4 ,m>t5e lib4 #d1 c4 #bh4 ,9 ! ,ordo ,romanus also ,de ,b5$ictione ,ecclesiae ^! invocations are f\nd4 ,! "q h[ev] conc]n+ _! antiquity 9 ! litanies is ( m9or importance4 ,ev5 ,palm] admits1 t ,ca?olic fa!rs 9 ! #d? c5tury invok$ ! sa9ts p4 #bib1 ?\gh he gravely assures 8 read]s1 t !y 7 too well in/ruct$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian fai? to believe positively t ! sa9ts he>d our pray]s4 ,he m5tions ! le>n$ "w ( ,s]r>ius call$ ,litaneutici seu de ,litaniis etc4 z an in/ance ( ! writ+s1 9 :i* innum]able passages h be5 cit$ f anci5t writ]s to prove1 t ! invocation ( sa9ts is m anci5t ?an ! eigh? c5tury4 ,b mo/ ( ^? passages d n ref] to ! invocation ( sa9ts1 b to pray]s made to ,god = ! int]cession ( sa9ts4 ,palm]1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #bgh4 ,we consid] t !re is little diff]5ce 9 pr9ciple betwe5 ^! two ?+s3 we %all h[ev]1 to satisfy him1 quote only "o passage f an anci5t ,ori5tal liturgy4 ,"m ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 pray = me to ! only begott5 ,son1 :o 0 born ( !e1 t he may =give me my (f5ces & s9s1 & may receive f my feeble & s9ful h&s ?is sacrifice1 :i* 9 my weakness ,i (f] on ?is alt>1 ?r\gh ?y int]cession = me1 ,o holy ,"m4 7,f ! anci5t liturgy us$ by ! ,ne/orians call$ ! liturgy ( ! holy apo/les4 ,r5audot1 t4 ,,ii4 ,see bi%op ,poynt]'s ,*ri/ianity1 ,note ,e3 & anci5t inscriptions 9 ,rock's ,hi]urgia1 p4 #cdg & foll47 ,?\gh we h ! innum]able anci5t passages above-m5tion$ 9 fav\r ( ! ,ca?olic doctr9e1 yet %all we call ,mr4 ,palm]'s att5tion to ! foll[+ passage ( 8 own "w4 ,speak+ ( secrecy1 he says3 ?is primitive discipl9e is suffici5t to acc\nt = ! fact1 t v few allusions to ! liturgy or eu*>i/ic s]vice are f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,i1 p4 #ad4 ,8 fe>s ( h]esy & blasphemy aris+ f ! invocation ( ,sa9ts may be calm$ by ! simple p]usal ( ! doctr9e ( ! *ur* taught by ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 sess4 #be4 ,! holy synod comm&s all bi%ops & o!r tea*]s--dilig5tly to in/ruct ! fai?ful1 tea*+ !m t ! ,sa9ts reign+ ) ,*ri/ (f] to ,god _! pray]s = m52 t x is good & useful to invoke !m ) supplication1 & to h rec\rse to _! pray]s1 help1 & assi/ance1 9 ord] to obta9 b5efits f ,god ?r\gh 8 ,son ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l1 :o alone is our ,r$eem] & ,savi\r4 ,accord+ly we say 9 ! litany ,"l1 h m]cy on u3 holy ,m>y pray = u etc4 ,footnote #abc3 ,we %all say no?+ ( sculptur$ figures tak5 f ! catacombs1 su* z ! /atues ( ! good %eph]d & ,s4 ,hippolitus n[ 9 ! ,vatican1 or ! num]\s bas reliefs on ,*ri/ian s>cophagi 7on :i* see ,ra\l-,ro*ette1 ,tableau des ,catacombes1 c4 ,,iv4 ,bes*reibung d] ,/adt ,rom4 ,b4 #b1 9 ! description ( ! ,*ri/ian ,museum 9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y74 ,on ano!r class ( ,*ri/ian repres5tations ! read] may consult ,buon>ruoti's ,oss]vazioni sopra alcuni framm5ti di vetro1 ornati di figure4 ,we %all r call ! att5tion ( ! ,*ri/ian antiqu>ian to ! num]\s frescoes pa9t$ 9 ! *apels ( ! catacombs1 & illu/rat$ by ,bosio1 ,bott>i1 d',ag9c\rt etc41 ! latt] ( :om attributes "s ( !m to ! second c5tury on acc\nt ( ! simil>ity ( _! /yle to t ( frescoes 9 ! tomb ( ! ,nasones1 :i* is situat$ on ! ,flam9ian way at a %ort di/ance f ,rome2 8 op9ion is confirm$ by ! fact t "s ( !m h be5 brok5 ?r\gh1 ) ! view ( prep>+ a place ( burial = ! bodies ( m>tyrs sla9 9 subsequ5t p]secutions4 ,a li/ ( _! subjects :i* are g5]ally tak5 f ! old & new ,te/am5ts may be se5 9 ,ra\l-,ro*ette 7c4 #c1 p4 #aeg foll4 ed4 de ,brusselles74 ,( ^! we may briefly notice 9 p>ticul> "s ( ! repres5tations ( ,*ri/1 ( ! ,b4 ,virg91 ( ! apo/les & m>tyrs4 ,9 !m ,*ri/ sometimes appe>s z an infant on ! lap ( ,8 holy "m1 ,:o ev] pure & mode/ is always veil$2 & ?is lovely gr\p is f\nd n only on ^! pa9t+s1 b also on bas-reliefs & glass-vessels g5]ally ant]ior to ! #d? c5tury1 & consequ5tly to ! g5]al c\ncil ( ,ephesus held 9 #dca2 al?\gh x is pret5d$ t su* figures 7 fir/ design$ aft] t p]iod4 7,in/ances are enum]at$ by ,ra\l-,ro*ette c4 ,,vi74 ,con/ant9a1 daught] ( ,con/ant9e1 ^: tomb is /ill pres]v$ at ,rome1 begg$ ( ,eusebius bi%op ( ,ces>ea a lik5ess ( our ,div9e ,savi\r 7,concil4 ,labbe4 t4 ,,vii1 #dic seq73 we mu/ h rec\rse to ! catacombs = ,8 mo/ anci5t portraits4 ,see "o resembl+ ! ord9>y type ( ,8 sacr$ head & tak5 f ! cemet]y ( ,calixtus1 at ! end ( ,ra\l-,ro*ette's "w4 ,?is type1 repeat$ aga9 & aga9 on ,*ri/ian monum5ts dur+ ! la/ sixte5 hundr$ ye>s or m1 may sugge/ ! hope t "s traces ( our ,div9e ,savi\r's features are /ill pres]v$ among u1 not)/&+ ! div]sity ( ,8 portraits1 ( :i* ,s4 ,augu/9e compla9$1 ,de ,tr9iti l4 #h1 c1 #d #e4 ,ra\l-,ro*ette's op9ion1 t ?is lik5ess & ! portraits ( ! apo/les 7 ( ,gno/ic orig91 is altoge!r unsupport$1 z ! ,belgian editors ( 8 "w ju/ly obs]ve4 ,*ri/ is frequ5tly repres5t$ also z seat$ amid ,8 apo/les1 ( :om ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul 7 fav\rite subjects ( ! old arti/s3 see ,ra\l-,ro*ette c4 ,,vi1 :]e he m5tions1 aft] ! old] antiqu>ies1 ! anci5t repres5tations ( ,s4 ,ciriaca1 ,s ,priscilla1 ,,ss4 ,/eph51 ,cyprian1 ,laur5ce1 ,agnes1 & o!r m>tyrs4 ,dur+ ,diocletian's p]secution1 ! prov9cial c\ncil ( ,elib]is 9 ,spa9 decre$1 t !re %\ld be no pa9t+s on ! walls ( *ur*es3 its #cf? canon 0 evid5tly int5d$ to save sacr$ pictures f ! pr(anations p]petrat$ by ! pagans4 ,! fai?ful h[ev]1 f]tile 9 exp$i5ts to gratify _! devotion1 n[ began to use ^? portable repres5tations ( pi\s subjects call$ dipty*s1 because !y g5]ally consi/$ ( two tablets :i* c\ld at pleasure be fold$ toge!r4 ,!y 7 =m$ ( ivory or wood1 & resembl$ ! pres5ts ( t "n =m]ly s5t by ! consuls on ! day ( _! entrance into (fice3 on ^! 7 usually inscrib$ ! names & ! portraits ( ! new magi/rates4 7,symma*us lib4 #b1 ep4 #hj1 all #ga74 ,! sacr$ dipty*s1 ( :i* _m are pres]v$ 9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y1 7 easily sav$ f ! fury ( ! ,iconocla/s4 ,_! fold+ =m )\t _! portability is pres]v$ 9 _m ( ! anci5t alt>-pieces ( ,italian & o!r *ur*es & f !m ! mod]n alt>-pieces are d]iv$3 !y did n h[ev] sup]s$e ! use ( frescoes1 or mosaics1 z is evid5t f innum]able anci5t & mod]n ecclesia/ical monum5ts ( ?is city4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] we laid be=e our read]s ! doctr9e ( ! ca?olic *ur* conc]n+ respect paid to images1 p4 #hj4 ,footnote #abd3 ,he is ris52 he is n "h4 ,b g1 tell 8 disciples & ,pet]1 t he goe? be=e y into ,galilee4 ,m>k ,,xv1 #f #g4 ,footnote #abe3 ,?is ,hebrew ^w1 :i* frequ5tly occurs 9 psalms ( praise1 ,,civ1 #cd1 ,,cv1 #de1 ,,cvi1 #a1 etc4 has be5 pres]v$1 z well z ,am51 & ,sabao?1 9 its orig9al =m 9 mo/ liturgies4 ,accord+ to ,s4 ,gregory 7,ep4 #fd1 ind4 #b74 :o appeals to ,s4 ,j]ome's au?ority1 x 0 introduc$ into ! ,roman liturgy 9 ! "t ( ,pope ,damasus4 ,s4 ,gregory =bade x to be sung at fun]als1 7z x _h be5 at t ( ,fabiola3 ,s4 ,j]ome 9 ,epitaphio ,fabiolae27 or dur+ ,l5t4 ,footnote #abf3 ,gavant & o!rs1 foll[+ ,walafridus ,/rabo & ! abbot ,b]no1 ?9k t ! ,(f]tory & ,agnus ,dei are n said1 9 ord] to signify ! sil5ce ( ! holy wom5 return+ f ! sepul*re 7,m>k ,,xvi1 #h74 ,o!rs attribute "s ( ^! omissions to ! circum/ance1 t !re is no communion2 on ?is day1 & !re=e nei!r (f]tory or po/communion2 anci5tly h[ev] communion 0 giv5 on ?is occasion1 z is evid5t f ! ,gelasian sacram5t>y 7,see ,b5$4 ,,xiv1 ,de ,fe/is c4 ,,viii74 ,! kiss ( peace1 z ,grancolas obs]ves1 is n giv51 because =m]ly at ! dawn ( ea/]-sunday1 soon aft] ! mass ( ea/]-eve1 ! fai?ful us$ to assemble 9 ! *ur* & kiss+ "o ano!r ) mutual *>ity to say1 ,surrexit ,dom9us 2 7! ,"l is ris57 ,ordo ,rom4 ab ,hittorpio ed4 p4 #ee4 ,m]ati says1 t ! ,agnus ,dei is omitt$ because x is ( rec5t orig91 hav+ be5 fir/ introduc$ into ! liturgy by ,pope ,s]gius ,a4,d4 #fhh 7lib4 ,pont471 :]eas ! ,mass ( ! day is ( great] antiquity4 ,footnote #abg3 ,cancelli]i says t ! music ( ?is ,magnificat 0 compos$ by ,luca ,m>5zio4 ,among ! compositions prior to ,pale/r9a1 & /ill sung 9 ! papal *apel1 ,ba9i reckons ! ,magnificats ( ,c>p5trasso & ,morales1 z well z ! ,te ,deum & ,lum5 ad revelutionem g5tium ( ,co/anzo ,fe/a4 ,footnote #abh3 ,?is basilic1 :i* is ! ca!dral ( ! bi%op ( ,rome1 0 fir/ erect$ by ,con/ant9e1 ^: /atue tak5 f 8 ba?s adorns ! portico4 ,x 0 9 great "p de/roy$ by fire 9 #acjh2 b x 0 re/or$ by ! munific5ce ( ! ,popes & ! piety ( ! fai?ful1 emulat$ 9 ^! days1 9 :i* we deplore ! burn+ ( ,s4 ,paul's4 ,9 ! go?ic tab]nacle ov] ! high alt> are pres]v$ ! heads ( ,,ss4 ,pet] & ,paul4 ,! mosaics ( ! tribune 7 made by ord] ( ,ni*olas ,,iv 7,a4,d4 #abgh-abib74 ,footnote #abi3 ,?is bapti/]y1 z well z ! basilica1 is attribut$ to ! "t ( ,con/ant9e2 x 0 r$uc$ to its pres5t /ate by ,urban ,,viii2 ,on an anci5t & int]e/+ ,*ri/ian s>cophagus tak5 f ! ,vatican cemet]y is repres5t$ a basilica ) its apsis1 & ne> x a circul> build+ evid5tly meant = ! bapti/]y3 ?is is cov]$ ) a cupola surm\nt$ by ! monogram ( ,*ri/2 & ov] ! gate are curta9s drawn up on ea* side1 ,see ,ra\l-,ro*ette-,tableau des ,catacombs1 p4 #ccb4 ,! font is an anci5t urn ( basalt ! pa9t+s above x1 betwe5 ! second ord] ( columns1 repres5t+1 ! life ( ,s4 ,john ,bapti/1 are by ,c>lo ,m>atta4 ,footnote #acj3 ,9 a missal ( ,pavia x is call$ a figure ( ! column :i* prec$$ ! ,israelites go+ out ( ,egypt4 ,footnote #aca3 ,! /ag 0 a fav\rite subject ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian arti/s1 :o (t5 repres5t$ x 9 _! pa9t+s1 & aft]w>ds on _! mosaics4 ,! text above quot$ expla9s its signification4 ,footnote #acb3 ,9 mo/ ( ! old rituals we f9d t ! font 0 hall[$ ) v>i\s c]emonies besides pray]4 ,x 0 cu/om>y to make ! sign ( ! cross1 z we le>n f ! te/imony ( ,*ryso/om1 ,augu/9e1 & ,pseudo-,dionysius4 ,palm] vol4 #b1 p4 #aie4 ,m>t5e obs]ves t ! rite ( p\r+ *rism into ! wat] is m5tion$ 9 all ! anci5t ,gallican1 ,ambrosian1 & ,moz>abic liturgies4 ,! bless+ ( baptismal wat] is reckon$ by ,s4 ,basil1 9 ! #d? c5tury1 among apo/olical traditions4 7,de ,spiritu4 ,s4 c4 #bg74 ,footnote #acc3 ,"s =m ( admission to ! class ( cate*um5s 0 us$ 9 all *ur*es at an e>ly p]iod1 & x seems mo/ commonly to h consi/$ ( imposition ( h&s ) pray]s = ! p]son4 ,to ?is 9 _m places 7 add$ v>i\s rites1 su* z1 sign+ ! =ehead ( ! c&idate ) ! cross1 ! consecration & giv+ ( salt1 :i* 0 entitl$ ! sacram5t ( cate*um5s1 repeat$ exorcisms1 or pray]s & adjurations to ca/ out ! p[] ( ,satan1 ano9t+ ) oil1 & o!r my/ical & figurative rites4 ,9 ! c\rse ( _m ages1 :5 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* _h ov]spread ! face ( ! _w1 & infidelity _h become 9 mo/ places ext9ct1 ! =m ( admission to ! class ( cate*um5s 0 f a v5]ation = old cu/oms 9 _m places conjo9$ to ! (fice ( baptism1 & adm9i/]$ at ! same "t ) x to ! c&idates = t sacram5t :e!r !y 7 infants or n4 ,palm]1 vol4 #b1 c4 #e1 sect4 #a4 ,footnote #acd3 ,x has be5 cu/om>y 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* f ! mo/ remote p]iod1 = ! c&idates = baptism to r5\nce ! devil & all 8 works1 be=e !y 7 admitt$ to t sacram5t4 ,?is r5unciation 0 always foll[$ by a pr(ession ( fai? 9 ,*ri/1 z x is n[ 9 ! ,engli% liturgy4 ,! la/ int]rogation & answ] ,vis baptiz>i1 ,volo h long be5 us$ 9 ! we/4 7,m>t5e de ,antiq4 ,eccl4 rit4 tom4 ,i1 p4 #ahj1 #aib74 ,accord+ to ! anci5t cu/om ( ! ,roman *ur*1 repres5t$ 9 ! ,sacram5t>y ( ,gregory1 ! pr(ession ( fai? occurs betwe5 ! hall[+ ( ! wat] & ! adm9i/ration ( ! sacram5t4 ,?is cu/om has long be5 us$ 9 ! ,roman *ur*2 s9ce ! ,sacram5t>y ( ,gelasius 7,a4,d4 #did7 appo9t$ ! confession ( fai? to be made imm$iately be=e baptism1 ?\gh ! r5unciations 7 made "s h\rs be=e4 ,9 primitive times ! sign ( ! cross 0 n only made on ! =ehead ( ! elect at ! "t ( baptism1 b 0 us$ v (t5 9 o!r ways3 ?is act is probably n m rec5t ?an ! apo/olical age2 & ?is sign 0 made 9 "s "p ( almo/ e ,*ri/ian (fice4 ,! adm9i/ration ( baptism 0 succe$$ by v>i\s rites 9 ! primitive *ur*2 among o!r ! newly-baptis$ 7 clo!d 9 :ite g>m5ts4 ,=m]ly also confirmation foll[$ imm$iately aft] baptism4 ,i h extract$ ! prec$+ passages f diff]5t sections ( ,palm]'s #e? *apt]1 vol4 #b3 com+ f a cl]gyman ( ! *ur* ( ,engl&1 !y are important admissions1 & !y disp5se ) ! necessity ( my prov+ ! antiquity ( ^! v>i\s baptismal riles4 ,! read] may see pro(s ( !m collect$ 9 ,palm] 7loc4 cit47 ,m>t5e ,t4 #a3 cap4 #b1 etc4 ,footnote #ace3 ,palm] says1 t 9 confirmation1 to ! rites ( pray] & imposition1 ( h&s 0 add$ t ( ano9t+ ) an ungu5t or *rism1 made ( oil & balsam1 & hall[$ by ! pray]s ( ! bi%op4--,we le>n f ! writ+s ( ,t]tullian & ,orig51 t x 0 already cu/om>y bo? 9 ! ea/ & ! we/ at ! end ( ! #bnd or beg9n+ ( ! #crd c5tury4 ,?is *rism 0 int5d$ to signify ! grace ( ! ,holy ,_s !n conf]r$4 ,palm]1 ,or4 ,lit4 vol4 #b1 p4 #aii4 ,if ?is unction _h n be5 ( apo/olic orig91 x w\ld n h be5 cu/om>y 9 all *ur*es at s e>ly a p]iod4 ,footnote #acf3 ,at ,s4 ,john ,lat]an's1 :5 ! ,agnus ,dei is said1 ! anci5t cu/om is pres]v$1 :i* 0 orig9ally e/abli%$ by ,pope ,s]gius1 ( say+ ,mis]]e nobis ?ree times1 & n ,dona nobis pacem1 :i* words 7 introduc$ into ! liturgy1 7accord+ to ,innoc5t ,,iii1 ,de ,my/ ,missae7 ab\t ! #aj? c5tury1 9 "t ( s*ism4 ,footnote #acg3 ,ord]s are g5]ally conf]r$ on ! saturday ( ea* emb]-week1 besides ! saturday be=e passion & ea/] sundays4 ,a m9ute detail ( ! num]\s c]emonies ( ord9ation c n be expect$ 9 a "w on ! c]emonies ( holy-week4 ,! read] may f9d !m all enum]at$ 9 ! ,pontifical1 & on _! antiquity he may consult ,mor9us1 ,de ,ord9ationibus2 ,m>t5e1 ,de ,ant4 ,eccl4 ,rit4 t4 #b4 etc4 ,on ! s]vice ( holy saturday see ! ,,ms4 ,pontifical ( ! ,apamean *ur* & v>i\s ,ord9es ap4 ,m>t5e1 lib4 ,,iv1 c4 #bd4 ,=m]ly aft] ! mass !re 0 g5]al communion2 & at ,rome no ,vesp]s 7 said 7,alcu971 & #g alt>s 7 consecrat$4 ,footnote #ach3 ,9 ! aft]noon ! p>i%-prie/s bless ) pray]s & holy wat] ! h\ses & pas*al food ( _! p>i%ion]s4 ,9 ! ,ordo ,romanus1 besides ! bless+ ( milk & honey1 !re is a =mula ( b5$iction ( a lamb & o!r food4 ,dur&us also 7lib4 #f ,ration47 m5tions ! bless+ ( ! lamb1 a cu/om :i* is pres]v$ at ,rome till ! pres5t "t4 ,! %ops ( ! pizzic>oli are illum9at$ & gaily decorat$1 probably because !y h peculi> reasons to rejoice at ! conclusion ( ! au/]ities ( l5t4 ,footnote #aci3 ,= ! c]emonies ( ,ea/]-sunday see ,! ,pontifical ,mass sung at ,s4 ,pet]'s on ,ea/]-sunday etc4 ,by ,c4,m4 ,baggs4 ,d4,d4 ,rome #ahdj4 ,,app5dix ,,peculi> ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,holy-,,week ,,at ,,j]usalem ,hav+ spok5 ( ! bless+ ( ! pas*al c&le at ,rome1 we may = a few mom5ts turn our ?\ghts t[>ds a city /ill m anci5t1 & trodd5 by holi] & m exalt$ be+s ?an ev5 ! apo/les & m>tyrs ( ! et]nal city4 ,! ju/ly-celebrat$ travell] ,john ,!v5ot 9 8 ,voyage du ,levant describes ! c]emonies ( holyweek p]=m$ at ,j]usalem2 ! di/ribution ( palms1 ! wa%+ ( ! feet on ,maunday-,?ursday at ! door ( ! holy ,sepul*re2 & ! procession to ! holy places or /ations p]=m$ by ! ,ca?olic ,*ri/ians4 ,conc]n+ ?is ! eloqu5t ,p]e ,abbe de ,g]amb1 9 8 int]e/+ ,pel]9age at ,j]usalem 9 #ahcb1 in=ms u t by means ( a figure 9 relief ( ! natural size1 ^: head1 arms1 & feet are flexible1 ! religi\s repres5t ! crucifixion1 ! desc5t f ! cross1 & ! burial ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 su* mann] z to r5d] all ! pr9cipal circum/ances app>5t to ! s5ses & /rik+4 ,bo? ^! di/+ui%$ writ]s ( diff]5t p]iods agree 9 te/ify+1 t all ! devotions ( ! ,ca?olics 7 & are /ill conduct$ ) s mu* ord] t !y are admir$ bo? by ,*ri/ians & ,turks1 :]eas ^? ( ! s*ismatical ,*ri/ians took place ) mu* confusion1 & ) su* a noise1 t ! ,janiss>ies1 :o _h to pres]ve ord]1 7 oblig$ to /rike ! p]sons engag$ 9 !m z well z ! spectators4 ,?is /atem5t is confirm$ by ! acc\nt1 :i* !y & o!r travell]s give1 ( ! holy fire ( ! ,greeks & o!r s*ismatics4 ,b5$ict ,,xiv obs]ves t no m5tion is made ( ! suppos$ miracle ( ! holy fire by e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s :o liv$ at ,j]usalem2 z ,eusebius1 ,s4 ,j]ome1 ,s4 ,epiphanius1 or ,s4 ,cyril bi%op ( ,j]usalem4 ,x is h[ev] spok5 ( by ,b]n>d a ,frank monk ( ! n9? c5tury1 & 9 a ,pontifical ( ! *ur* ( ,poicti]s ( ab\t ! t5? c5tury3 by ,hugo ,flav9iac5sis 9 ,*ronico ,virdun5si1 9 ! disc\rse ( ,urban ,,ii 9 ! c\ncil ( ,cl>emont1 & 9 o!r docum5ts ( ! middle ages m5tion$ by ,m>t5e 7lib4 ,,iv1 c4 ,,xxiv74 ,lupi 7tom4 #d1 ,conc4 g54 etc47 ?9ks x probable1 t ! cu/om ( burn+ lights & ! pas*al c&le on ?is day 0 in/itut$1 9 ord] to return ?anks to ,god = a miracle 7:i* may ( old h happ5$ at ,j]usalem7 & to ann\nce x to all nations4 ,i %all n[ extract a brief acc\nt ( ! sc5e ( confusion enact$ 9 mod]n times at ,j]usalem on su* occasions f ,!v5ot1 9 ^: "w is a pr9t repres5t+ x4 ,aft] our ,ca?olic (fice 0 end$ says he1 we prep>$ to enjoy ! sight ( ! holy fire ( ! ,greeks1 ,arm5ians & ,copts1 ^: prie/s make _! p believe1 t on holy ,saturday fire desc5ds f heav5 into ! holy ,sepul*re1 & on t acc\nt make ea* ( _! pilgrims1 :o are v num]\s1 pay "s money4 ,?is solemnity appe>s r a com$y or a f>ce ?an a *ur*-c]emony1 & is v unbecom+ 9 a place s sacr$ z ! holy ,sepul*re4 ,aft] we _h f9i%$ our s]vice1 :i* 0 ab\t eight 9 ! morn+1 !y1 ext+ui%$ all _! lamps & ^? ( ! holy ,sepul*re1 & !n !y comm5c$ _! folly1 runn+ r\nd ! holy ,sepul*re1 l mad p1 cry+1 h[l+1 et faisans un bruit de diables2 x 0 *>m+ to see !m runn+ "o aft] ano!r1 kick+ & /rik+ "o ano!r ) cords2 _m ( !m toge!r held m5 9 _! arms1 & go+ r\nd ! holy ,sepul*re1 let !m fall1 & !n rais$ horrible %\ts ( laught]1 :ile !y :o _h fall5 ran aft] ! o!rs to av5ge !mselves3 x seem$ t bo? old & "y 7 d[nright mad4 ,f "t to "t !y rais$ _! eyes1 & /ret*$ _! h&s1 full ( tap]1 to heav51 cry+ all toge!r eleison1 z if !y 7 we>i$ at ! delay ( ! holy fire4 ,?is sc5e cont9u$ till t[>ds ?ree 9 ! ev5+1 :5 two ,greek ar*bi%ops & two bi%ops habit$ z patri>*s1 = ! patri>* 0 n !n at ,j]usalem1 left _! *oir ) all _! cl]gy1 & began ! procession r\nd ! holy ,sepul*re3 !y 7 jo9$ by ! ,arm5ians1 f\r ( :om wore mitres3 !n came a ,coptic bi%op1 ) all 8 cl]gy & p4 ,aft] !y _h walk$ ?ree times r\nd ! holy ,sepul*re1 a ,greek prie/ came out ( ! *apel ( ! ,angel1 :i* is close to t ( ! holy ,sepul*re1 & gave notice to him :o repres5t$ ! ,patri>*1 t ! holy fire _h desc5d$ f heav53 ! latt] !n ent]$ into ! holy ,sepul*re1 foll[$ by ! repres5tatives ( ! ,arm5ian patri>* & ( ! ,coptic bi%op4 ,aft] !y _h rema9$ !re a %ort "t1 we saw ! ,greek ar*bi%op 9 an amus+ po/ure1 b5d+ d[n 8 head1 & be>+ 9 ea* h& a quantity ( light$ tap]s4 ,no soon] _h he appe>$1 ?an all ru%$ "o ^u ano!r to light _! tap]s f ^? ( ! ar*bi%op2 z t is consid]$ ! be/ fire1 :i* is fir/ light$4 ,! ,janiss>ies h[ev]1 :o 7 /ation$ ne> ! door ( ! *apel ( ! ,angel1 did n /& ) _! arms fold$1 b made ! calpacs & turbans ( ! ,greeks fly f "o end ( ! *ur* to ! o!r1 /rik+ ar\nd on all sides ) _! /icks1 to make way = ! poor ar*bi%op1 :o also z we may suppose did all 9 8 p[] to save himself4 ,he !n m\nt$ 9 ha/e a /one-alt> opposite ! entrance ( ! holy ,sepul*re1 :]e he 0 imm$iately surr\nd$ by ! p3 ^? also :o _h light$ _! tap]s endeav\r+ to save !mselves 7 ov]:elm$ by ! o!rs3 ! confusion 0 horrible1 & bl[s 7 n unfrequ5t4 ,aft] ! ,greek ar*bi%op has come out1 ! ,arm5ian appe>s1 & saves himself f ! cr[d 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,arm5ians1 & ! ,copt 9 t ( ! ,copts4 ,e "o 0 9 su* a hurry to get "s ( ! holy fire1 t 9 a mom5t m ?an #bjjj bundles ( c&les flam$ 9 ! *ur*3 & ! p1 cry+ out l p]sons possess$ began great] follies ?an be=e4 ,a man c>ry+ a drum on 8 back began to run ) all 8 might r\nd ! holy ,sepul*re1 & ano!r runn+ 9 ! same mann] /ruck x ) two /icks2 & :5 he 0 tir$1 ano!r imm$iately took 8 place4 ,il semble qu' on soit dans un enf]1 et que ce soi5t t\t autant de diables de*a9es4--,b en\gh ( ?is un$ify+ sc5e1 ( :i* ! ,abbe ,g]amb gives a simil> acc\nt4 ,if we contra/ ) x ! maje/ic & edify+ c]emonies ( ! ,roman *ur*1 we %all feel grateful to ,god = hav+ pres]v$ u f su* disord]s4 ,i %all m]ely add f ,!v5ot1 t ! ,*ri/ians are call$ to (fice at ! holy ,sepul*re by bo>ds /ruck ) iron1 z we are = two days 9 holy-week3 b drums & o!r in/rum5ts are also play$ !re1 :i* make1 he 7adds71 une musique enragee4 ,! di/+ui%$ mission>y & pilgrim ,d4 ,ca/o ,gonzalez rec\nts o!r disord]s ( ! ,greeks dur+ ,holy ,week1 & pr(anations ( ! mo/ holy sanctu>ies ( ,pale/9e4 ,9 ! ye> #ahcc he expos$1 b n )\t great risk1 ! fraud ( ! holy fire4 ,on ! holy-,saturday ( ! ,greeks ! (ficiat+ ,bi%op accompani$ by an ,arm5ian & a ,coptic ,bi%op & _! respective cl]gy _h already walk$ ?rice r\nd ! holy ,sepul*re1 :5 ! mission>y ignit$ a mat* ) phosphorus1 & hold+ x up exclaim$ ,look1 ! heav5ly fire has fall5 into my h&s3 he !n ext+ui%$ x & light$ x aga9 sev]al times to ! great a/oni%m5t ( ! assembl$ multitude4 ,he 0 protect$ by ! ,turks f ! dang]s :i* surr\nd$ him4 ,s manife/ 0 ! fraud ( ! pret5d$ holy fire t ev5 ! s*ismatical ,arm5ian patri>* issu$ a circul> lett] =bidd+ 8 spiritual subjects to be pres5t at ! disgraceful exhibition4 ,! ,p]e ,abbe de ,g]amb gives a gl[+ acc\nt ( ! ,ca?olic s]vice & mass on holy saturday2 & we mo/ w>mly recomm5d to our read]s ! p]usal ( ! #cd? ,lettre ( 8 ,pel]9age1 9 :i* he describes all ! c]emonies ( holy week at ,j]usalem1 :]e !y are inve/$ ) ! peculi> *>m aris+ f spots s sacr$1 :]e ,*ri/ suff]$1 & di$1 & rose aga94 ,?\gh 9 o!r respects ! ,roman c]emonies are ( a m exalt$ nature1 yet "h mu/ we be cont5t$ to transport ourselves 9 imag9ation to ^? belov$ sanctu>ies1 & to see ! repres5tation ( ! holy ,sepul*re at ,s4 ,m>ia ,egiziaca4 ,we %all conclude ) ! words ( ! di/+ui%$ writ]3 ,jamais d\leur n'affecta plus vivem5t mon ame1 que celle qui s'en emp>a au mom5t ou je m'arra*ai p\r jamais de l'eglise du sa9t ,sepulcre4 ,taut que je vivrai elle s]a aussi pres5te a mon esprit que pr(ondem5t gravee dans mon coeur2 t\j\rs s\v5ir me f]a tressaillir1 p>ce que t\j\rs1 et plus qu' aucun autre s\v5ir1 il me rappell]a ,jesus1 crucifie p\r mon salut1 p\r la salut du g5re huma91 a l'am\r duquel n\s devons repondre p> le plus vif1 le plus t5dre1 le plus absolu de t\s les am\rs2 ce ,jesus auquel je dois l'ineffable bonheur de compr5dre1 de s5tir cette gr&e v]ite1 que je v\drais faire compr5dre et s5tir a l'univ]s enti]1 que lui seul e/ t\t1 que t\t ce qui n'e/ pas lui1 n'e/ ri51 n'e/ que neant4 ,pel]9age a ,j]usalem1 ,lett4 #cf4