,illustration3 ,a ,,venetian ,,festival4--,c4 ,,hulk4 ,,the ,,aldine1 ,a ,,typographic ,,art ,,journal ,illustration ,il ne faut pas tant regarder ce qu'on doit faire que ce qu'on peut faire4 ,,volume ,v4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,james ,,sutton ,,company4 #ahgc4 ,illustration ,,the ,,aldine ,,press4--,,james ,,sutton ,co41 ,printers1 #eh ,maiden ,lane1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration ,entered according to ,act of ,congress1 in the year #ahgb1 by ,,james ,,sutton1 ,,jr41 in the ,office of the ,librarian of ,congress at ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,contents ,abyssinia1 ,a ,peep at ,editorial #ahf ,adirondacks1 ,the ,heart of the ,editorial #aid ,after the ,comet ,w4,l4 ,alden #acf ,a ,great ,master and ,his ,greatest ,work ,editorial #hc ,aldine ,chromos for #ahgc ,editorial #bbh ,alpine ,world1 ,the ,editorial #acd ,america1 ,home ,life in ,editorial #gf ,american ,robin1 ,the ,gilbert ,darling #cbg ,angling1 ,a ,few ,words on ,henry ,richards #aee ,architecture ,w4 ,von ,humboldt #dc ,art #bh ,artistic 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,editorial #fd ,chase1 ,after the ,editorial #bbg ,chet's1 ,miss1 ,club ,caroline ,cheesbro' #ei ,children1 ,loss of ,little ,leigh ,hunt #ajd ,chinese ,stories ,henry ,richards #bae ,christmas ,trees ,w4,w4 ,bailey #bcd ,coleridge as a ,plagiarist #bc ,coming ,out of ,school ,editorial #ab ,cosas de ,espana ,editorial #hf ,crown ,diamonds and other ,gems ,s4,f4 ,corkran #aha ,daisies1 ,among ,the ,a4,s4 ,isaacs #bc ,december and ,may ,editorial #adg ,death ,chase1 ,the ,editorial #bcf ,dogs1 ,about ,henry ,richards #age ,dogs1 ,education of ,henry ,richards #bcd ,englishmen1 ,religion of ,h4 ,taine #ahc ,english ,rhymes and ,stories ,henry ,richards #if ,en ,miniature4 7,from the ,german7 ,m4,a4,p4 ,humphreys #acb ,exquisite ,moment1 ,an ,editorial #ic ,fancie's ,dream ,lolly ,dinks's ,mother #cd ,fancie's ,farewell ,lolly ,dinks's ,mother #aad ,fawn ,family1 ,a ,day with a ,editorial #ajg ,feast of the ,tabernacles1 ,the ,editorial #fd ,fra ,bartolomeo ,editorial #ajf ,forester's ,happy ,family1 ,the ,editorial #afg ,forester's ,last ,coming ,home1 ,the ,editorial #ef ,fortune of ,the ,hassans1 ,the ,c4,f4 ,guernsey #abc ,friendship of ,poets1 ,the ,editorial #ej ,frosty ,day1 ,a4 7,poem7 ,j4,l4 ,warren #aa ,garden1 ,in the ,betsy ,drew #ach ,gems1 ,colored ,w4,s4 ,ward #ci ,going to the ,volcano ,t4,m4 ,coan #bde ,green ,river4 7,poem7 ,w4,c4 ,bryant #gb ,gypsies1 ,the ,editorial #aff ,heart of ,kosciusko1 ,the ,editorial #aac ,heartsease4 7,poem7 ,mary ,e4 ,bradley #dc ,hello6 ,editorial #aic ,home and ,exile ,editorial #bcg ,house with the ,hollyhocks1 ,the ,a4,l4 ,noble #agg ,house ,wrens ,gilbert ,burling #aje ,how to ,tame ,pet ,birds ,january ,searle #adf ,hunt 7,leigh71 ,a ,last ,visit to ,january ,searle #aib ,hunting ,snails ,t4,m4 ,coan #aef ,ideal1 ,the ,theodore ,parker #acc ,il ,beato4 7,from the ,german7 ,m4,a4,p4 ,humphrey #ahc ,ill ,wind1 ,an ,leslie ,malbone #aab ,inside the ,door ,caroline ,cheesebro' #cj ,ireland1 ,a ,glimpse at ,t4,m4 ,coan #aai ,island1 ,on an ,caroline ,cheesebro' #aad ,jack and ,gill ,editorial #bbc ,king ,baby4 7,poem7 ,george ,cooper #bbd ,kingfisher1 ,the ,editorial #abe ,king's ,rosebud1 ,the4 7,poem7 ,julia ,c4,r4 ,porr #ajg ,knowledge ,ethics of the ,fathers #ace ,lais ,corinthaica1 ,holbein's ,editorial #ahb ,lalalo--,a ,legend of ,galicia4 7,from the ,spanish7 ,h4,s4 ,conant #afd ,lamp-,light ,julian ,hawthorne #afe ,lisbon1 ,loiterings around ,editorial #dd ,literature #bh1 #dg1 #fg1 #hh1 #ajh1 #abh1 #adh1 #afh1 #ahh1 #bjh ,little ,emily ,editorial #agh ,liverworts4 7,poem7 ,w4,w4 ,bailey #gj ,longfellow's ,house and ,library ,geo4 ,w4 ,greene #ajj ,love ,aloft ,editorial #aaf ,love's ,humility4 7,poem7 ,b4,g4 ,hosmer #ada ,mandarin1 ,a ,from the ,french #ai ,manifest ,destiny4 7,poem7 ,r4,h4 ,stoddard #dg ,man in ,blue1 ,the ,r4,b4 ,davey #ej ,man in the ,moon1 ,the ,yule-tide ,stories #abj ,man's ,unselfish ,friend ,editorial #fj ,married in a ,snow-,storm4 7,from the ,russian7 ,wm4 ,percival #aeb ,marsh and ,pond ,flowers ,w4,w4 ,bailey #abf ,martinmas ,goose1 ,the ,editorial #bdc ,maximilian ,morningdew's ,advice1 ,mr4 ,julian ,hawthorne #gd ,millerism ,editorial #aj ,minster at ,ulm1 ,the ,editorial #aeh ,misers1 ,about ,betsy ,drew #ii ,mother is ,here6 #bj ,morning ,dew ,editorial #gf ,morning and ,evening ,editorial #bdb ,mountain ,land of ,western ,north ,carolina ,j4,a4 ,oertel #eb ,mountain ,land of ,western ,north ,carolina ,j4,a4 ,oertel #bad ,mountains1 ,in the ,editorial #af ,mouse ,shoes ,lolly ,dinks's ,mother #aig ,music in the ,alps ,editorial #cc ,necessity of ,believing ,something ,jean ,paul #ca ,neighbor ,over the ,way1 ,my4 7,poem7 ,g4,w4 ,scars #aaj ,newport1 ,at4 7,poem7 ,geo4 ,h4 ,boker #aj ,niagara ,editorial #bac ,noble ,savage1 ,the #aaj ,nooning1 ,the #af ,oblivion ,browne #abj ,october ,w4,w4 ,bailey #aib ,old ,maid's ,village1 ,the ,kate ,f4 ,hill #bf ,old ,oaken ,bucket1 ,the ,editorial #aeb ,othello1 ,how ,rossini ,wrote ,l4,c4 ,bullard #ia ,out of the ,deeps ,elizabeth ,stoddard #id ,painted ,boats on ,painted ,seas ,hiram ,rich #bja ,patriotism and ,powder ,editorial #acb ,pavilions on the ,lake1 ,the4 7,from the ,french7 ,h4,s4 ,conant #ad ,pepito ,lucy ,ellen ,guernsey #bab ,perkins1 ,granville #dh ,peruvians1 ,among the ,editorial #bd ,play for a ,heart1 ,a4 7,from the ,german7 ,h4,s4 ,conant #ed ,pleasure-,seeking ,editorial #bdj ,poet's ,rivers ,editorial #gj ,portugal1 ,wanderings in ,editorial #bbd ,pottery1 ,ancient ,s4,f4 ,corkran #gb ,prince and ,peasant4 7,from the ,german17 ,h4,s4 ,conant #aif ,puddle ,party1 ,the ,lolly ,dinks's ,mother #hc ,punishment after ,death4 7,from the ,danish7 ,james ,watkins #bah ,puss ,asleep ,henry ,richards #adc ,queen's ,closet1 ,the ,lolly ,dinks's ,mother #bg ,rainy ,day1 ,the4 7,poem7 ,h4,w4 ,longfellow #abj ,raymondskill1 ,the ,e4,c4 ,stedman #aed ,real ,romance1 ,the ,julian ,hawthorne #aj ,ruse de ,guerre4 7,poem7 ,h4,b4 ,bostwick #fc ,school-,children 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,editorial #ad ,winter ,scenes ,editorial #bcj ,wolf1 ,calf and ,goat1 ,the ,a,esop1 ,junior #abd ,woman in ,art ,e4,b4 ,leonard #ade ,woman's ,eternity1 ,a ,e4,b4,l4 #bjd ,woman's ,place ,editorial #afb ,wood or ,summer ,ducks ,editorial #ahg ,woods1 ,in the4 7,poem7 ,g4,w4 ,sears #aib ,woods ,out in the4 7,poem7 ,mary ,e4 ,bradley #abf ,wordsworth ,taine #cc ,wyoming ,valley ,editorial #cf ,young ,robin ,hunter1 ,the ,editorial #fj ,zekle's ,courtin' ,editorial #cj ,,illustrations ,adirondack ,scenery ,g4,h4 ,smillie #ig ,advance in ,winter1 ,the #bcf ,after the ,storm ,schenck #bca ,after the ,storm a ,calm4 7,i1 ,,ii1 ,,iii1 ,,iv17 #bdd ,agnes ,r4,e4 ,piguet #aab ,albai1 ,view on the ,river #ahc ,american ,robin1 ,the ,gilbert ,burling #bbg ,artistic ,evening1 ,an #bdh ,at ,home #bci ,ausable1 ,morning on the ,g4,h4 ,smillie #da ,babes in the ,wood1 ,the ,john ,s4 ,davis #bbb ,badger ,hunting ,l4 ,beckmann #bbf ,blood ,money ,victor ,nehlig #aij ,blowing ,hot and ,cold ,john ,s4 ,davis #adb ,blowing ,rock ,r4,e4 ,piguet #eg ,blue-,birds ,gilbert ,burling #afc ,bonnie ,brook1 near ,rahway ,r4,e4 ,piguet #aab ,bridal ,veil ,granville ,perkins #aed ,bridge of ,sighs1 ,the 7,view of7 #ac ,bridge of ,sighs 7,hood's7 ,georgie ,a4 ,davis #di ,building of the ,ship1 ,the ,t4 ,beech #hi ,capella ,imperfeita1 ,archway in the #dd ,casa do ,capitulo1 ,the #bbd ,casa do ,capitulo1 ,window in the #df ,castle of ,meran1 ,the4 7,frontispiece7 ,c4 ,heyn4 ,opp4 #ahi ,caught ,at ,last #bch ,cedar ,birds ,gilbert ,burling #he ,chase1 ,after the ,david ,neal #bai ,christmas ,visitors ,guido ,hammer #bca ,coming ,out of ,school ,vautier #ab ,crossing the ,moor ,after ,f4,f4 ,hill #bbh ,december and ,may ,w4,h4 ,davenport #adf ,death ,chase1 ,the #bcf ,deer ,family1 ,the ,guido ,hammer #ajf ,enjoyment #bda ,evening ,paul ,dixon #bje ,evening #bdc ,evenings at ,home ,a4,e4 ,emslie #gg ,exquisite ,moment1 ,an ,john ,s4 ,davis #ic ,fashionable ,loungers of ,lima #bd ,feast of the ,passover1 ,the ,oppenheim #fd ,feast of the ,tabernacles1 ,the ,oppenheim #fe ,fisherman's ,family1 ,the #bci ,forester's ,happy ,family at ,dinner1 ,the ,guido ,hammer #afg ,forester's ,last ,coming ,home1 ,the #ef ,for the ,master ,offterdinger 7,opp47 #bcf ,garden1 ,in the ,arthur ,lumley #ach ,gertrude of ,wyoming ,victor ,nehlig #aag ,glen1 ,the ,f4,t4 ,vance #aid ,god's ,acre #bcb ,gondar1 ,emperor's ,palace at #ahf ,good ,bye1 ,sweetheart #bcc ,grandfather ,mountain1 ,n4,c4 ,r4,e4 ,piguet #bae ,green ,river ,august ,will #fi ,green ,river ,r4,e4 ,piguet #gb ,green ,river ,r4,e4 ,piguet #gc ,guide-,board1 ,the ,knesing #bcj ,gypsy ,girl at her ,toilette ,g4 ,dore #aff ,happy ,valley ,r4,e4 ,piguet #ec ,heart of a ,hero1 ,the4 7,kosciusko's ,monument7 #aac ,here4 ,chick6 ,chick6 #bdj ,hollo6 ,john ,s4 ,davis #aia ,house ,wrens ,gilbert ,burling #aje ,how a ,spaniard ,drinks ,dore #hf ,hudson at ,hyde ,park1 ,the ,g4,h4 ,smillie #ha ,in-,doors #bdc ,infant ,jesus1 ,the ,copied by ,j4,s4 ,davis #bbi ,is the solace of age4 #bdg ,it ofttimes happens that a child #bde ,jack and ,gill ,john ,s4 ,davis #bbc ,kate ,r4,e4 ,piguet #aab ,keeping ,house ,john ,s4 ,davis 7,opp47 #bi ,kingfisher1 ,the ,l4 ,beckmann #abe ,king ,witlaf's ,drinking ,horn ,a4 ,kappes #aca ,kwasind1 the ,strong ,man ,t4 ,moran #aji ,lais ,corinthaica ,holbein #ahb ,lake ,henderson ,f4,t4 ,vance #aie ,limena1 ,middle-,aged #be ,linville1 ,on the ,r4,e4 ,piguet #eb ,linville ,river1 ,the ,r4,e4 ,piguet #ec ,little ,emily ,john ,s4 ,davis #agh ,little ,mother1 ,the ,john ,s4 ,davis #hj ,loffler ,peak1 ,tyrol1 ,the #ace ,longfellow's ,house ,a4,c4 ,warren #ajj ,longfellow's ,library ,a4,c4 ,warren #aja ,longing ,looks ,j4,w4 ,bolles #if ,love ,aloft ,otto ,gunther #aaf ,manifest ,destiny ,w4,m4 ,cary #cg ,man's ,unselfish ,friend ,chas4 ,e4 ,townsend #fa ,marston ,moor1 ,before the ,battle of #aba ,mestizo ,woman1 ,young #be ,mill1 in ,wyoming ,valley1 ,an ,old ,f4,t4 ,vance #cf ,minster at ,ulm1 ,the #aeh ,monastery de ,leca do ,balio1 ,the #bbe ,monk's ,oak1 ,the 7,after ,constantine ,schmidt7 #cc ,moonlight on the ,hudson ,paul ,dixon #agj ,moose ,hunting #bcb ,morganton1 ,view in ,r4,e4 ,piguet #ec ,morganton1 ,view near ,r4,e4 ,piguet #bad ,morning #bdb ,morning ,dew4 7,frontispiece7 ,victor ,nehlig4 ,opp4 #fi ,morning in the ,meadow ,r4,e4 ,piguet #aac ,mother is ,here6 ,deiker #bj ,mountains1 ,in the #af ,mueller1 ,maud ,georgie ,a4 ,davis #i ,music in the ,alps ,dore #cc ,naughty ,boy1 ,the ,john ,s4 ,davis 7,opp47 #hi ,navaja1 ,duel with the ,dore #hf ,new ,england1 ,hills of ,paul ,dixon #bjd ,niagara ,jules ,tavernier #baa ,nooning1 ,the 7,after ,darley7 #ag ,old ,oaken ,bucket1 ,the ,john ,s4 ,davis #aei ,ornamental1 ,the ,deiker #bcd ,out of ,doors #bdb ,patriotic ,education ,f4 ,beard #acj ,penha ,verde1 ,doorway and ,oriel in the #de ,perkins1 ,granville #dh ,peruvian ,ladies1 ,costumes of #bd ,peruvian ,priests #be ,pets1 ,the #bda ,picking and ,choosing ,beckmann #bch ,pines of the ,racquette1 ,the ,john ,a4 ,hows #aba ,playing ,sick ,a4,h4 ,thayer #agd ,preston ,ponds1 ,from ,bishop's ,knoll 4,f4,t4 ,vance #aii ,puss ,asleep ,c4,e4 ,townsend #adc ,rainy ,day1 ,the ,john ,s4 ,davis #abj ,raymondskill1 ,falls of ,the ,granville ,perkins #aej ,raymondskill1 ,view on the ,granville ,perkins #aee ,raymondskill1 ,the ,main ,fall ,granville ,perkins #aee ,scene on the ,catawba ,river ,r4,e4 ,piguet #baj ,school ,discipline ,john ,s4 ,davis #aih ,serious ,case1 ,a ,ernst ,bosch #bjb ,shakspeare1 ,ward's ,j4,s4 ,davis #ajd ,shipwreck on the ,coast of ,dieppe1 ,a ,t4 ,weber #aci ,singing the ,war ,song #ahg ,snow-,birds ,gilbert ,burling #bjg ,song ,sparrow1 ,the ,gilbert ,burling #cb ,song or ,wood ,thrush1 ,the ,gilbert ,burling #ff ,south ,mountain ,r4,e4 ,piguet #ec ,spanish ,postilion ,dore #hg ,spanish ,ladies ,dore #hg ,sport #bdj ,squaw ,pounding ,cherries1 ,old ,w4,m4 ,cary #afb ,standish1 ,miles1 ,courtship of ,j4,w4 ,bolles #aea ,street ,scene in ,cairo1 ,a ,opp4 #bbi ,surenen ,pass1 ,switzerland1 ,view in the #acd ,temple of ,canova #bjc ,then fare thee well1 my country1 lov'd and lost6 #bcg ,there's a ,beautiful ,spirit ,breathing ,now #bah ,tight ,place1 ,in a ,w4,m4 ,cary #gf ,tropic ,forest1 ,a ,granville ,perkins #ba ,truants1 ,the ,m4,l4 ,stone #dj ,useful1 ,the ,deiker #bce ,uttmann1 ,barbara #fh ,venetian ,festival1 ,a4 7,frontispiece7 ,c4 ,hulk ,vischer's1 ,peter1 ,studio #hd ,visconti1 ,princess 7,after ,fra ,bartolomeo7 #ajh ,villa de ,conde1 ,church at #bae ,village ,belle1 ,the ,after ,j4,j4 ,hill #bbh ,waiting at the ,stile #adg ,watauga ,falls ,r4,e4 ,piguet #ec ,watering the ,cattle ,peter ,moran #aga ,wayside ,inn1 ,the 7,after ,hill7 #ajg ,weber1 ,von1 ,last ,moments of #bjf ,what ,was ,that ,knot ,tied ,for8 7,after ,i4,e4 ,gaiser7 #ib ,which in infancy lisped #bdf ,who ,said ,rats8 ,a4,h4 ,thayer #age ,winter ,sketch1 ,a4 7,frontispiece7 ,george ,h4 ,smillie4 ,opp4 #adi ,wolf1 ,calf and ,goat1 ,the ,h4,l4 ,stephens #abd ,wood or ,summer ,ducks ,gilbert ,burling #agi ,ye limpid springs and floods1 #bcg ,young ,robin ,hunter1 ,the ,john ,s4 ,davis #fj ,zekle's ,courtin' ,frank ,beard #bi ,,the ,,aldine ,,vol4 ,v4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,january1 #ahgb4 ,no4 #a4 ,illustration3 ,,maud ,m,ue,l,l,e,r4--,,drawn ,,by ,,georgie ,a4 ,,davis4 ,,maud ,m,ue,l,l,e,r looked and sighed3 ',ah1 me6 ,that ,i the ,judge's bride might be6 ',he would dress me up in silks so fine1 ,and praise and toast me at his wine4 ',my father should wear a broad-cloth coat3 ,my brother should sail a painted boat4' ',i'd dress my mother so grand and gay1 ,and the baby should have a new toy each day4 ',and ,i'd feed the hungry and clothe the poor4 ,and all should bless me who left our door4 ,the ,judge looked back as he climbed the hill1 ,and saw ,maud ,mueller standing still4 ',a form more fair1 a face more sweet1 ,ne'er hath it been my lot to meet4 ',and her modest answer and graceful air1 ,show her wise and good as she is fair4 ',would she were mine1 and ,i to-day1 ,like her a harvester of hay4' --,whittier's ,maud ,mueller4 ,,the ,,aldine4 ,,james ,,sutton ,,co41 ,,publishers #bc ,,liberty ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 #e4jj per ,annum 7with chrono47 ,single ,copies1 #ej ,cents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,at ,,newport4 ,i stand beside the sea once more2 ,its measured murmur comes to me2 ,the breeze is low upon the shore1 ,and low upon the purple sea4 ,across the bay the flat sand sweeps1 ,to where the helmed light-house stands ,upon his post1 and vigil keeps1 ,far seaward marshaling all the lands4 ,the hollow surges rise and fall1 ,the ships steal up the quiet bay2 ,i scarcely hear or see at all1 ,my thoughts are flown so far away4 ,they follow on yon sea-bird's track4 ,beyond the beacon's crystal dome2 ,they will not falter1 nor come back1 ,until they find my darkened home4 ,ah1 woe is me6 'tis scarce a year ,since1 gazing o'er this moaning main1 ,my thoughts flew home without a fear4 ,and with content returned again4 ,to-day1 alas6 the fancies dark ,that from my laden bosom flew1 ,returning1 came into the ark1 ,not with the olive1 with the yew4 ,the ships draw slowly towards the strand1 ,the watchers' hearts with hope beat high2 ,but ne'er again wilt thou touch land-- ,lost1 lost in yonder sapphire sky6 --,geo4 ,h4 ,boker4 ,,millerism4 ,toward the close of the last century there was born in ,new ,england one ,william ,miller1 whose life1 until he was past fifty1 was the life of the average ,american of his time4 ,he drank1 we suppose1 his share of ,new ,england rum1 when a young man2 married a comely ,yankee girl1 and reared a family of chubby-cheeked children2 went about his business1 whatever it was1 on week days1 and when ,sunday came1 went to meeting with commendable regularity4 ,he certainly read the ,old ,testament1 especially the ,book of ,daniel1 and of the ,new ,testament at least the ,book of ,revelation4 ,like many a wiser man before him1 he was troubled at what he read1 filled as it was with mystical numbers and strange beasts1 and he sought to understand it1 and to apply it to the days in which he lived4 ,he made the discovery that the world was to be destroyed in #ahdc1 and went to and fro in the land preaching that comfortable doctrine4 ,he had many followers--as many as fifty thousand1 it is said1 who thought they were prepared for the end of all things2 some going so far as to lay in a large stock of ascension robes4 ,though no writer himself1 he was the cause of a great deal of writing on the part of others1 who flooded the land with a special and curious literature--the literature of ,millerism4 ,it is not of that1 however1 that we would speak now4 ,but before this ,miller arose--we proceed to say1 if only to show that we are familiar with other members of the family--there was another1 and very different ,miller1 who was born in old ,england1 about one hundred years earlier than our sadly1 or gladly1 mistaken ,second ,adventist4 ,his ,christian name was ,joseph1 and he was an actor of repute1 celebrated for his excellence in some of the comedies of ,congreve4 ,the characters which he played may have been comic ones1 but he was a serious man4 ,indeed1 his gravity was so well known in his lifetime that it was reckoned the height of wit1 when he was dead1 to father off upon him a ,jest ,book6 ,this joke1 bad as it was1 was better than any joke in the book4 ,it made him famous1 so famous that for the next hundred years every little bon mot was laid at his door1 metaphorically speaking1 the puniest youngest brat of them being christened ,old ,joe4 ,after ,joseph ,miller had become what ,mercutio calls a grave man1 his descendants went into literature largely1 as any one may see by turning to ,allibone's very voluminous dictionary1 where upwards of seventy of the name are immortalized1 the most noted of whom are ,thomas ,miller1 basket-maker and poet1 and ,hugh ,miller1 the learned stone-mason of ,cromarty1 whose many works1 we confess with much humility1 we have not read4 ,to the sixty-eight ,millers in ,allibone 7if that be the exact number71 must now be added another--,mr4 ,joaquin ,miller1 who published1 two or three months since1 a collection of poems entitled ,songs of the ,sierras4 ,from which one of the ,millers mentioned above his ancestry is derived1 we are not informed2 but1 it would seem1 from the one first-named4 ,for clearly the end of all things literary cannot be far off1 if ,mr4 ,miller is the coming poet1 for whom so many good people have been looking all their lives4 ,we are inclined to think that such is not the fact4 ,we think1 on the whole1 that it is to the other ,miller--,joking ,miller--his genealogy is to be traced4 ,but who is ,mr4 ,miller1 and what has he done8 ,a good many besides ourselves put that question1 less than a year ago1 and nobody could answer it4 ,nobody1 that is1 in ,america4 ,in ,england he was a great man4 ,he went over to ,england1 unheralded1 it is stated1 and was soon discovered to be a poet4 ,swinburne took him up2 the ,rossettis took him up2 the critics took him up2 he was taken up by everybody in ,england1 except the police1 who1 as a rule1 fight shy of poets4 ,he went to fashionable parties in a red shirt1 with trowsers tucked into his boots1 and instead of being shown to the door by the powdered footman1 was received with enthusiasm4 ,it is incredible1 but it is true4 ,a different state of society existed1 thirty or forty years ago1 when another ,american poet went to ,england2 and we advise our readers1 who have leisure at their command1 to compare it with the present social lawlessness of the upper classes among the ,english4 ,to do this1 they have only to turn to the late ,n4,p4 ,willis's ,pencilings by the ,way1 and contrast his descriptions of the fashionable life of ,london then1 with almost any journalistic account of the same kind of life now4 ,the contrast will be all the more striking if they will only hunt up the portraits of ,disraeli1 with his long1 dark locks flowing on his shoulders1 and the portrait of ,bulwer1 behind his stunning waistcoat1 and his cascade of neck-cloth1 and then imagine ,mr4 ,miller standing beside them1 in his red shirt and high-topped ,california boots6 ,like ,byron1 ,mr4 ,miller woke up one morning and found himself famous4 ,we compare the sudden famousness of ,mr4 ,miller with the sudden famousness of ,byron1 because the ,english critics have done so2 and because they are pleased to consider ,mr4 ,miller as ,byron's successor6 ,byron1 we are told1 was the only poet whom he had read1 before he went to ,england2 and is the only poet to whom he bears a resemblance4 ,how any of these critics could have arrived at this conclusion1 with the many glaring imitations of ,swinburne--at his worst--staring him in the face from ,mr4 ,miller's volume1 is inconceivable4 ,but1 perhaps1 they do not read ,swinburne4 ,do they read ,byron8 ,there are1 however1 some points of resemblance between ,byron and ,mr4 ,miller4 ,byron traveled1 when young1 in countries not much visited by the ,english2 ,mr4 ,miller claims to have traveled1 when young1 in countries not visited by the ,english at all4 ,this was1 and is1 an advantage to both ,byron and ,mr4 ,miller4 ,but it was1 and is1 a serious disadvantage to their readers1 who cannot well ascertain the truth1 or falsehood1 of the poets they admire4 ,the accuracy of ,byron's descriptions of foreign lands has long been admitted2 the accuracy of ,mr4 ,miller's descriptions is not admitted1 we believe1 by those who are familiar with the ground he professes to have gone over4 ,another point of resemblance between ,byron and ,mr4 ,miller is1 that the underlying idea of their poetry is autobiographic4 ,we do not say that it was really so in ,byron's case1 although he1 we know1 would have had us believe as much2 nor do we say that it is really so in ,mr4 ,miller's case1 although he1 too1 we suspect1 would have us believe as much4 ,mr4 ,miller resembles ,byron as his ,arizonian resembles ,byron's ,lara4 ,lara and ,arizonian are birds of the same dark feather4 ,they have journeyed in strange lands2 they have had strange experiences2 they have returned to ,civilization4 ,each1 in his way1 is a ,blighted ,being6 ,who is she8 we inquire with the wise old ,spanish ,judge1 for1 certainly1 ,woman is at the bottom of it all4 ,if our readers wish to know what woman1 we refer them to ,arizonian3 they1 of course1 have read ,lara4 ,byron was a great poet1 but ,byronism is dead4 ,mr4 ,miller is not a great poet1 and his spurious ,byronism will not live4 ,we shall all see the end of ,millerism4 ,,the ,,real ,,romance4 ,the author laid down his pen1 and leaned back in his big easy chair4 ,the last word had been written--,finis--and there was the complete book1 quite a tall pile of manuscript1 only waiting for the printer's hands to become immortal3 so the author whispered to himself4 ,he had worked hard upon it2 great pains had been expended upon the delineations of character1 and the tone and play of incident2 the plot1 too1 had been worked up with much artistic force and skill2 and1 above all1 everything was so strikingly original2 no one1 in regarding the various characters of the tale1 could say3 this is intended for so-and-so6 ,no1 nothing precisely like the persons in his romance had ever actually existed2 of that the author was certain1 and in that he was very probably correct4 ,to be sure1 there was the character of the country girl1 ,mary1 which he had taken from his own little waiting-maid3 but that was a very subordinate element1 and although1 on the whole1 he rather regretted having introduced anything so incongruous and unimaginative1 he decided to let it go4 ,the romance1 as a whole1 was too great to be injured by one little country girl1 drawn from real life4 ,and by the way1 murmured the author to himself1 ,i wish ,mary would bring in my tea4 ,he settled himself still more comfortably in his easy chair1 and thought1 and looked at his manuscript2 and the manuscript looked back2 but all its thinking had been done for it4 ,neither spoke--the author1 because the book already knew all he had to say2 and the book1 because its time to speak and be immortal had not yet arrived4 ,the fire had all the talking to itself1 and it cackled1 and hummed1 and skipped about so cheerfully that one would have imagined it expected to be the very first to receive a presentation copy of the work on the table4 ,how ,i would devour its contents6 laughed the fire4 ,perhaps the author did not comprehend the full force of the fire's remark1 but the voice was so cosy and soothing1 the fire itself so ruddy and genial1 and the easy chair so softly cushioned and hospitable1 that he very soon fell into a condition which enabled him to see1 hear1 and understand a great many things which might seem remarkable1 and1 indeed1 almost incredible4 ,the manuscript on the table which had hitherto remained perfectly quiet1 now rustled its leaves nervously1 and finally flung itself wide open4 ,a murmur then arose1 as of several voices1 and presently there appeared 7though whether stepping from between the leaves of the book itself1 or growing together from the surrounding atmosphere1 the author could not well make out7 a number of peculiar-looking individuals1 at the first glance appearing to be human beings1 though a clear investigation revealed in each some odd lack or exaggeration of gesture1 feature1 or manner1 which might create a doubt as to whether they actually were1 after all1 what they purported to be1 or only some lusus naturae4 ,but the author was not slow to recognize them1 more especially as1 happening to cast a glance at the manuscript1 he noticed that it was such no longer1 but a collection of unwritten sheets of paper1 blank as when it lay in the drawer at the stationer's--unwitting of the lofty destiny awaiting it4 ,here1 then1 were the immortal creations which were soon to astound the world1 come1 in person1 to pay their respects to the author of their being4 ,he arose and made a profound obeisance to the august company1 which they one and all returned1 though in such a queer variety of ways1 that the author1 albeit aware that every individual had the best of reasons for employing1 under certain special circumstances1 his or her particular manner of salute1 could scarcely forbear smiling at the effect they all together produced in his own unpretending study4 ,your welcome visit1 said the author1 addressing his guests with all the geniality of which he was master 7for they seemed somewhat stiff and ill-at-ease71 gives me peculiar gratification4 ,i regret not having asked some of my friends1 the critics1 up here to make your acquaintance4 ,i am sure you would all come to the best possible understanding directly4 ,they cannot fathom me1 exclaimed a strikingly handsome young man1 with pale lofty brow1 and dark clustering locks1 who was leaning with proud grace against the mantel-piece4 ,they may take my life1 but they cannot read my soul4 ,and he laughed1 scornfully1 as he always did4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,nooning4--,,after ,,darley4 ,this was a passage from that famous ante-mortem soliloquy in which the hero of the romance indulges in the last chapter but one4 ,the author1 while1 of course1 he could not deny that the elegance of the diction was only equaled by the originality of the sentiment1 yet felt a slight uneasiness that his hero should adopt so defiant a tone with those who were indeed to be the arbiters of his existence4 ,i'm afraid there's not enough perception of the comme il faut in him to suit the every-day world1 muttered he4 ,to be sure1 he was not constructed for ordinary ends4 ,do you find yourself at home in this life1 madame8 he continued aloud1 turning to a young lady of matchless beauty1 whose brief career of passionate love and romantic misery the author had described in thrilling chapters4 ,she raised her luminous eyes to his1 and murmured reproachfully3 ,why speak to me of ,life8 if it be not ,love1 it is ,life no longer6 ,it was very beautiful1 and the author recollected having thought1 at the time he wrote it down1 that it was about the most forcible sentence in that most powerful passage of his book4 ,but it was rather an exaggerated tone to adopt in the face of such common-place surroundings4 ,had this exquisite creature1 after all1 no better sense of the appropriate8 ,no one can know better than ,i1 my dear ,constance1 said the author1 in a fatherly tone1 what a beautiful1 tender1 and lofty soul yours is2 but would it not be well1 once in a while1 to veil its lustre--to subdue it to a tint more in keeping with the unvariegated hue of common circumstance8 ,heartless and cruel6 sobbed ,constance1 falling upon the sofa1 hast thou not made me what ,i am8 ,this accusation1 intended by the author to be leveled at the traitor lover1 quite took him aback when directed1 with so much aptness1 too1 at his respectable self4 ,but whom but himself could he blame1 if1 when common sense demanded only civility and complaisance1 she persisted in adhering to the tragic and sentimental8 ,he was provoked that he had not noticed this defect in time to remedy it2 yet he had once considered ,constance as1 perhaps1 the completest triumph of his genius6 ,there seemed to be something particularly disenchanting in the atmosphere of that study4 ,i'm afraid you're a failure1 ma'am1 after all1 sighed the author1 eyeing her disconsolately4 ,you're so one-sided6 ,at this heartless observation the lady gave a harrowing shriek1 thereby summoning to her side a broad-shouldered young fellow1 clad in soldier's garb1 with a countenance betokening much boldness and determination4 ,he faced the author with an angry frown1 which the latter at once recognized as being that of ,constance's brother ,sam4 ,now then1 old bloke6 sang out that young gentleman1 what new deviltry are you up to8 ,down on your knees and beg her pardon1 or1 by ,george6 ,i'll run you through the body6 ,on this character the author had expended much thought and care4 ,he was the type of the hardy and bold adventurer1 rough and unpolished1 perhaps1 but of true and sterling metal1 who1 by dint of his vigorous common sense and honest1 energetic nature1 should at once clear and lighten whatever in the atmosphere of the story was obscure and sombre2 and1 by the salutary contrast of his fresh and rugged character with the delicate or morbid traits of his fellow beings1 lend a graceful symmetry to the whole4 ,the sentence ,sam had just delivered with so much emphasis ought to have been addressed to the traitor lover1 when discovered in the act of inconstancy1 and1 so given1 would have been effective and dramatic4 ,but at a juncture like the present1 the author felt it to be simply ludicrous1 and had he not been so mortified1 would have laughed outright6 ,don't make a fool of yourself1 ,sam1 remonstrated he4 ,reflect whom you're addressing1 and in what company you are1 and do try and talk like a civilized being4 ,come1 come6 no palaver1 returned ,sam1 in a loud and boisterous tone 7to do him justice1 he had never been taught any other72 down on your marrow-bones at once1 or here goes for your gizzard6 and he drew his sword with a flourish4 ,so this was the rough diamond--the epitome of common sense6 ,why1 he was a half-witted1 impertinent1 overbearing booby1 and his author longed to get him across his knee1 and correct him in the good old way4 ,but meantime the point of the young warrior's sword was getting unpleasantly near the left breast-pocket of the author's dressing gown 7which he wore at the time71 and the latter happened to recollect1 with a nervous thrill1 that this was the sword which mortally wounded the traitor lover 7for whom ,sam evidently mistook him7 during the stirring combat so vividly described in the twenty-second chapter4 ,could he but have foreseen the future1 what a different ending that engagement should have had6 ,but again it was too late1 and the author sprang behind the big easy chair with astonishing agility1 and from that vantage ground endeavored to bring on a parley4 ,yet how could he argue and expostulate against himself8 ,how arraign ,sam of harboring murderous designs which he had himself implanted in his bosom8 ,how1 indeed1 expect him to comprehend conversation so entirely foreign to his experience8 ,it was an awkward dilemma4 ,it was ,sam who took it by the horns4 ,somebody1 he felt1 must be mortally wounded2 and finding himself defrauded of one subject1 he took up with the next he encountered1 which chanced to be none other than the venerable and white-haired gentleman who filled the position1 in the tale1 of a wealthy and benevolent uncle4 ,the author1 having always felt a sentiment of exceptional respect and admiration for this reverend and patriarchal personage1 who by his gentle words and sage counsels1 no less than his noble generosity1 had done so much to elevate and sweeten the tone of his book1 fell into an ecstasy of terror at witnessing the approach of his seemingly inevitable destruction2 especially as he perceived that the poor old fellow 7who never in his life had met with aught but reverence and affection1 and knew nothing of the nature of deadly weapons and impulses7 was1 so far1 from attempting to defend himself1 or even escape1 actually opening his arms to the widest extent of avuncular hospitality1 and preparing to take his assassin1 sword and all1 into his fond and forgiving heart6 ,you old fool6 shrieked the author1 in the excess of his irritation and despair2 he isn't your repentant nephew6 ,why can't you keep your forgiveness until it's wanted8 ,but ,uncle ,dudley having been created solely to forgive and benefit1 was naturally incapable of taking care of himself1 and would certainly have been run through the ample white waistcoat1 had not an unexpected and wholly unprecedented interruption averted so awful a catastrophe4 ,a small1 graceful figure1 wearing a picturesque white cap1 with jaunty ribbons1 and a short scarlet petticoat1 from beneath which peeped the prettiest feet and ancles ever seen1 stepped suddenly between the philanthropic victim and his would-be-murderer1 dealt the latter a vigorous blow across the face with a broom she carried1 thereby toppling him over ignominiously into the coal-scuttle1 and then1 placing her plump hands saucily akimbo1 she exclaimed with enchanting naivete3 ,there6 ,mr4 ,free-and-easy6 take that for your imperance4 ,this little incident caused the author to fall back into his easy chair in a condition of profound emotion4 ,it appeared to have corrected a certain dimness or obliquity in his vision1 of the existence of which its cure rendered him for the first time conscious4 ,the appearance of the little country girl 7whose very introduction into the romance the author had looked upon with misgivings7 had afforded the first gleam of natural1 refreshing1 wholesome interest--in fact1 the only relief to all that was vapid1 irrational1 and unreal--which the combined action of the characters in his romance had succeeded in producing4 ,but the enchantress who had effected this1 so far from being the most unadulterated product of his own brain and genius1 was the only one of all his dramatis personae who was not in the slightest degree indebted to him for her existence4 ,she was nothing more than an accurate copy of ,mary the house-maid1 while the others--the mis-formed1 ill-balanced1 one-sided creations1 who1 the moment they were placed beyond the pale of their written instructions--put out of the regular and pre-arranged order of their going--displayed in every word and gesture their utter lack and want of comprehension of the simplest elements of human nature3 these were the unaided offspring of the author's fancy4 ,and yet it was by help of such as these he had thought to push his way to immortality6 ,how the world would laugh at him6 and1 as he thought this1 a few bitter tears of shame and humiliation trickled down the sides of the poor man's nose4 ,presently he looked up4 ,the warlike ,sam remained sitting disconsolately in the coal-hod2 his instructions suggested no means of extrication4 ,forsaken ,constance lay fainting on the sofa1 waiting for some one to chafe her hands and bathe her temples4 ,the strikingly handsome betrayer leant in sullen and gloomy silence against the mantel-piece1 ready to treat all advances with stern and defiant obduracy4 ,the benevolent uncle stood with open arms and bland smile1 never doubting but that everybody was preparing for a simultaneous rush to1 and participation in1 his embrace2 and1 finally1 the pretty little country girl1 with her arms akimbo and her nose in the air1 remained mistress of the situation4 ,her unheard of innovation1 of having done something timely1 sensible1 and decisive1 even though not put down in the book1 seemed to have paralyzed all the others4 ,ah6 she was the only one there who was not less than a shadow4 ,the author felt his desolate heart yearn towards her1 and the next moment found himself on his knees at her feet4 ,mary1 cried he1 you are my only reality4 ,the others are empty and soulless1 but you have a heart4 ,they are the children of a conceited brain and visionary experience2 you1 only1 have ,i drawn simply and unaffectedly1 as you actually existed4 ,except for you1 whom ,i slighted and despised1 my whole romance had been an unmitigated falsehood4 ,to you ,i owe my preservation from worse than folly1 and my initiation into true wisdom4 ,mary--dear ,mary1 in return ,i have but one thing to offer you--my heart6 ,can you--will you not love me8-- ,to his intense surprise1 ,mary1 instead of evincing a becoming sense of her romantic situation1 burst forth into a merry peal of laughter1 and1 catching him by one shoulder1 gave him a hearty shake4 ,la sakes6 ,mr4 ,author1 do wake up6 did ever anybody hear such a man6 ,there was his room1 his fire1 his chair1 his table1 and his closely-written manuscript lying quietly upon it4 ,there was he himself on his knees on the carpet1 and--there was ,mary the house-maid1 one hand holding the brimming tea-pot1 the other held by the author against his lips1 and laughing and blushing in a tumult of surprise1 amusement and1 perhaps1 something better than either4 ,did ,i say ,i loved you1 ,mary8 enquired the author1 in a state of bewilderment4 ,never mind6 ,i say now that ,i love you with all my heart and soul1 and ten times as much when awake1 as when ,i was dreaming6 ,will you marry me8 ,mary only blushed rosier then ever4 ,but she and the author always thereafter took their tea cosily together4 ,as for the romance1 the author took it and threw it into the fire1 which roared a genial acknowledgment1 and in five minutes had made itself thoroughly acquainted with every page4 ,there remained a bunch of black flakes1 and in the center one soft glowing spark1 which lingered a long while ere finally taking its flight up the chimney4 ,it was the description of the little country girl4 ,the next book ,i write shall be all about you1 the author used to say to his wife1 in after years1 as they sat together before the fire-place1 and watched the bright blaze roar up the chimney4 --,julian ,hawthorne4 ,a ,,frosty ,,day4 ,grass afield wears silver thatch1 ,palings all are edged with rime1 ,frost-flowers pattern round the latch1 ,cloud nor breeze dissolve the clime2 ,when the waves are solid floor1 ,and the clods are iron-bound1 ,and the boughs are crystall'd hoar1 ,and the red leaf nail'd aground4 ,when the fieldfare's flight is slow1 ,and a rosy vapor rim1 ,now the sun is small and low1 ,belts along the region dim4 ,when the ice-crack flies and flaws1 ,shore to shore1 with thunder shock1 ,deeper than the evening daws1 ,clearer than the village clock4 ,when the rusty blackbird strips1 ,bunch by bunch1 the coral thorn1 ,and the pale day-crescent dips1 ,new to heaven a slender horn4 --,john ,leicester ,warren4 99 99 99 99 99 ,those who come last seem to enter with advantage4 ,they are born to the wealth of antiquity4 ,the materials for judging are prepared1 and the foundations of knowledge are laid to their hands4 ,besides1 if the point was tried by antiquity1 antiquity would lose it2 for the present age is really the oldest1 and has the largest experience to plead4--,jeremy ,collier4 ,illustration3 ,,coming ,,out ,,of ,,school4--,,vautier4 ,,coming ,,out ,,of ,,school4 ,if there be any happier event in the life of a child than coming out of school1 few children are wise enough to discover it4 ,we do not refer to children who go to school unwillingly--thoughtless wights--whose heads are full of play1 and whose hands are prone to mischief3--that these should delight in escaping the restraints of the school-room1 and the eye of its watchful master1 is a matter of course4 ,we refer to children generally1 the good and the bad1 the studious and the idle1 in short1 to all who belong to the genus ,boy4 ,perhaps we should include the genus ,girl1 also1 but of that we are not certain2 for1 not to dwell upon the fact that we have never been a girl1 and are1 therefore1 unable to enter into the feelings of girlhood1 we hold that girls are better than boys1 as women are better than men1 and that1 consequently1 they take more kindly to school life4 ,what boys are we know1 unless the breed has changed very much since we were young1 which is now upwards of--but our age does not concern the reader4 ,we did not take kindly to school1 although we were sadly in need of what we could only obtain in school1 viz41 learning4 ,we went to school with reluctance1 and remained with discomfort2 for we were not as robust as the children of our neighbors4 ,we hated school4 ,we did not dare to play truant1 however1 like other boys whom we knew 7we were not courageous enough for that72 so we kept on going1 fretting1 and pining1 and--learning4 ,oh the long days 7the hot days of summer1 and the cold days of winter71 when we had to sit for hours on hard wooden benches1 before uncomfortable desks1 bending over grimy slates and ink-besprinkled copy books1 and poring over studies in which we took no interest--geography1 which we learned by rote2 arithmetic1 which always evaded us1 and grammar1 which we never could master4 ,we could repeat the rules1 but we could not parse2 we could cipher1 but our sums would not prove2 we could rattle off the productions of ,italy--corn1 wine1 silk and oil--but we could not bound the ,state in which we lived4 ,we were conscious of these defects1 and deplored them4 ,our teachers were also conscious of them1 and flogged us6 ,we had a morbid dread of corporeal punishment1 and strove to the uttermost to avoid it2 but it made no difference1 it came all the same--came as surely and swiftly to us as to the bad boys who played hookey1 the worse boys who fought1 and the worst boy who once stoned his master in the street4 ,with such a school record as this1 is it to be wondered at that we rejoiced when school was out8 ,and rejoiced still more when we were out of school8 ,the feeling which we had then appears to be shared by the children in our illustration4 ,not for the same reasons1 however2 for we question whether the most ignorant of their number does not know more of grammar than we do to-day1 and is not better acquainted with the boundaries of ,germany than we could ever force ourselves to be4 ,we like these little fellows for what they are1 and what they will probably be4 ,and we like their master1 a grave1 simple-hearted man1 whose proper place would appear to be the parish-pulpit4 ,what his scholars learn will be worth knowing1 if it be not very profound4 ,they will learn probity and goodness1 and it will not be ferruled into them either4 ,clearly1 they do not fear the master1 or they would not be so unconstrained in his presence4 ,they would not make snow balls1 as one has done1 and another is doing4 ,soon they will begin to pelt each other1 and the passers by will not mind the snow balls1 if they will only remember how they themselves felt1 and behaved1 after coming out of school4 ,there is not much in a group of children coming out of school4 ,so one might say at first sight1 but a little reflection will show the fallacy of the remark4 ,one would naturally suppose that in every well-regulated ,state of antiquity measures would have been taken to ensure the education of all classes of the community1 but such was not the case4 ,the ,spartans under ,lycurgus were educated1 but their education was mainly a physical one1 and it did not reach the lower orders4 ,the education of ,greece generally1 even when the ,greek mind had attained its highest culture1 was still largely physical--philosophers1 statesmen1 and poets priding themselves as much upon their athletic feats as upon their intellectual endowments4 ,the schools of ,rome were private1 and were confined to the patricians4 ,there was a change for the better when ,christianity became the established religion4 ,public schools were recommended by a council in the sixth century1 but rather as a means of teaching the young the rudiments of their faith1 under the direction of the clergy1 than as a means of giving them general instruction4 ,it was not until the close of the twelfth century that a council ordained the establishment of grammar schools in cathedrals for the gratuitous instruction of the poor2 and not until a century later that the ordinance was carried into effect at ,lyons4 ,luther found time1 amid his multitudinous labors1 to interest himself in popular education2 and1 in #aebg1 he drew up1 with the aid of ,melanchthon1 what is known as the ,saxon ,school ,system4 ,the seed was sown1 but the ,thirty ,years' ,war prevented its coming to a speedy maturity4 ,in the middle of the last century several of the ,german ,states passed laws making it compulsory upon parents to send their children to school at a certain age2 but these laws were not really obeyed until the beginning of the present century4 ,german schools are now open to the poorest as well as the richest children4 ,the only people1 except the ,germans1 who thought of common schools at an early period are the ,scotch4 ,it cost1 we see1 some centuries of mental blindness to discover the need of1 and some centuries of struggling to establish schools4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,bridge ,,of ,,sighs4 ,a ,,glimpse ,,of ,,venice4 ,the spell which ,venice has cast over the ,english poets is as powerful1 in its way1 as was the influence of ,italian literature upon the early literature of ,england4 ,from ,chaucer down1 the poets have turned to ,italy for inspiration1 and1 what is still better1 have found it4 ,it is not too much to say that the ,canterbury ,tales could not have existed1 in their present form1 if ,boccaccio had not written the ,decameron2 and it is to ,boccaccio we are told that the writers of his time were indebted for their first knowledge of ,homer4 ,wyatt and ,surrey transplanted what they could of grace from ,petrarch into the rough ,england of ,henry the ,eighth4 ,we know what the early dramatists owe to the ,italian storytellers4 ,they went to their novels for the plots of their plays1 as the novelists of to-day go to the criminal calendar for the plots of their stories4 ,shakspeare appears so familiar with ,italian life that ,mr4 ,charles ,armitage ,brown1 the author of a very curious work on ,shakspeare's ,sonnets1 declares that he must have visited ,italy1 basing this conclusion on the minute knowledge of certain ,italian localities shown in some of his later plays4 ,at home in ,verona1 ,milan1 ,mantua1 and ,padua1 ,shakspeare is nowhere so much so as in ,venice4 ,it is impossible to think of ,venice without remembering the poets2 and the poet who is first remembered is ,byron4 ,if our thoughts are touched with gravity as they should be when we dwell upon the sombre aspects of ,venice--when we look1 as here1 for example1 on the ,bridge of ,sighs--we find ourselves repeating3 ,i stood in ,venice1 on the ,bridge of ,sighs4 ,if we are in a gayer mood1 as we are likely to be after looking at the brilliant carnival-scene which greets us at the threshold of the present number of ,,the ,,aldine1 we recall the opening passages of ,byron's merry poem of ,beppo3 ,of all the places where the ,carnival ,was most facetious in the days of yore1 ,for dance1 and song1 and serenade1 and ball1 ,and masque1 and mime1 and mystery1 and more ,than ,i have time to tell now1 or at all1 ,venice the bell from every city bore4 99 99 99 99 99 ,and there are dresses splendid1 but fantastical1 ,masks of all times1 and nations1 ,turks and ,jews1 ,and harlequins and clowns1 with feats gymnastical1 ,greeks1 ,romans1 ,yankee-doodles1 and ,hindoos ,all kinds of dress1 except the ecclesiastical1 ,all people1 as their fancies hit1 may choose1 ,but no one in these parts may quiz the clergy1 ,therefore take heed1 ye ,freethinkers6 ,i charge ye4 ,the ,bridge of ,sighs 7to return to prose7 is a long covered gallery1 leading from the ducal palace to the old ,state prisons of ,venice4 ,it was frequently traversed1 we may be sure1 in the days of some of the ,doges1 to one of whom1 our old friend1 and ,byron's--,marino ,faliero--the erection of the ducal palace is sometimes falsely ascribed4 ,founded in the year #hjj1 ,a4,d41 the ducal palace was afterwards destroyed five times1 and each time arose from its ruins with increasing splendor until it became1 what it is now1 a stately marble building of the ,saracenic style of architecture1 with a grand staircase and noble halls1 adorned with pictures by ,titian1 ,tintoretto1 ,paul ,veronese1 and other famous masters4 ,it would be difficult to find gloomier dungeons1 even in the worst strongholds of despotism1 than those in which the ,state prisoners of ,venice were confined4 ,these pozzi1 or wells1 were sunk in the thick walls1 under the flooring of the chamber at the foot of the ,bridge of ,sighs4 ,there were twelve of them formerly1 and they ran down three or four stories4 ,the ,venetian of old time abhorred them as deeply as his descendants1 who1 on the first arrival of the conquering ,french1 attempted to block or break up the lowest of them1 but were not entirely successful2 for1 when ,byron was in ,venice1 it was not uncommon for adventurous tourists to descend by a trap-door1 and crawl through holes1 half choked by rubbish1 to the depth of two stories below the first range4 ,so says the writer of the ,notes to the fourth canto of ,childe ,harolde 7,byron's friend ,hobhouse1 if our memory serves71 who adds1 ,if you are in want of consolation for the extinction of patrician power1 perhaps you may find it there4 ,scarcely a ray of light glimmers into the narrow gallery which leads to the cells1 and the places of confinement themselves are totally dark4 ,a little hole in the wall admitted the damp air of the passages1 and served for the introduction of the prisoner's food4 ,a wooden pallet1 about a foot or so from the ground1 was the only furniture4 ,the conductors tell you a light was not allowed4 ,the cells are about five paces in length1 two and a half in width1 and seven feet in height4 ,they are directly beneath one another1 and respiration is somewhat difficult in the lower holes4 ,only one prisoner was found when the ,republicans descended into these hideous recesses1 and he is said to have been confined sixteen years4 ,when the prisoner's hour came he was taken out and strangled in a cell upon the ,bridge of ,sighs6 ,and this was in ,venice6 ,the grand old ,republic which was once the greatest ,power of ,eastern ,europe2 the home of great artists and architects1 renowned the world over for arts and arms2 the ,venice of blind old ,dandolo1 who led her galleys to victory at the ripe old age of eighty2 the ,venice of ,doge ,foscari1 whose son she tortured1 imprisoned and murdered1 and whose own paternal1 patriotic1 great heart she broke2 the ,venice of gay gallants1 and noble1 beautiful ladies2 the ,venice of mumming1 masking1 and the carnival2 the bright1 beautiful ,venice of ,shakspeare1 ,otway1 and ,byron2 joyous1 loving ,venice2 cruel1 fatal ,venice6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,modern ,,satire4--,a satire on everything is a satire on nothing2 it is mere absurdity4 ,all contempt1 all disrespect1 implies something respected1 as a standard to which it is referred2 just as every valley implies a hill4 ,the persiflage of the ,french and of fashionable worldlings1 which turns into ridicule the exceptions and yet abjures the rules1 is like ,trinculo's government--its latter end forgets its beginning4 ,can there be a more mortal1 poisonous consumption and asphyxy of the mind than this decline and extinction of all reverence8--,jean ,paul4 ,,winter ,,pictures ,,from ,,the ,,poets4 ,although ,english ,poetry abounds with pictures of the seasons1 its ,winter pictures are neither numerous1 nor among its best4 ,for one good snow-piece we can readily find twenty delicate ,spring pictures--twinkling with morning dew1 and odorous with the perfume of early flowers4 ,it would be easy to make a large gallery of ,summer pictures2 and another gallery1 equally large1 which should contain only the misty skies1 the dark clouds1 and the falling leaves of ,autumn4 ,not so with ,winter scenes4 ,not that the ,english poets have not painted the last1 and painted them finely1 but that as a rule they have not taken kindly to the work4 ,they prefer to do what ,keats did in one of his poems1 viz41 make ,winter a point of departure from which ,fancy shall wing her way to brighter days3 ,fancy1 high-commissioned2 send her6 ,she has vassals to attend her1 ,she will bring1 in spite of frost1 ,beauties that the earth hath lost1 ,she will bring thee1 all together1 ,all delights of summer weather4 ,but we must not let ,keats come between us and the few among his fellows who have sung of ,winter for us4 ,above all1 we must not let him keep his and our master1 ,shakspeare1 waiting3 ,when icicles hang by the wall1 ,and ,dick the shepherd blows his nail1 ,and ,tom bears logs into the hall1 ,and milk comes frozen home in pail1 ,when blood is nipped1 and ways be foul1 ,then nightly sings the staring owl1 ,to-whoo2 ,to-whit1 to-whoo1 a merry note1 ,while greasy ,joan doth keel the pot4 ,when all aloud the wind doth blow1 ,and coughing drowns the parson's saw1 ,and birds sit brooding in the snow1 ,and ,marian's nose looks red and raw4 ,when roasted crabs hiss in the bowl1 ,then nightly sings the staring owl1 ,to-whoo2 ,to-whit1 to-whoo1 a merry note1 ,while greasy ,joan doth keel the pot4 ,from ,shakspeare to ,thomson is something of a descent1 but we must make it before we can find any ,winter poetry worth quoting4 ,here is a picture1 ready-made1 for ,landseer to put into form and color3 ,there1 warm together pressed1 the trooping deer ,sleep on the new-fallen snows2 and scarce his head ,raised o'er the heapy wreath1 the branching elk ,lies slumbering sullen in the white abyss4 ,the ruthless hunter wants nor dogs nor toils1 ,nor with the dread of sounding bows he drives ,the fearful flying race3 with ponderous clubs1 ,as weak against the mountain-heaps they push ,their beating breast in vain1 and piteous bray1 ,he lays them quivering on the ensanguined snows1 ,and with loud shouts rejoicing bears them home4 ,cowper is superior to ,thomson as a painter of ,winter1 although it is doubtful whether he was by nature the better poet4 ,here is one of his pictures3 ,the cattle mourn in corners1 where the fence ,screens them1 and seem half petrified with sleep ,in unrecumbent sadness4 ,there they wait ,their wonted fodder2 not like hungering man1 ,fretful if unsupplied2 but silent1 meek1 ,and patient of the slow-paced swain's delay4 ,he1 from the stack1 carves out the accustomed load1 ,deep plunging1 and again deep plunging oft1 ,the broad keen knife into the solid mass3 ,smooth as a wall1 the upright remnant stands1 ,with such undeviating and even force ,he severs it away3 no needless care1 ,lest storms should overset the leaning pile ,deciduous1 or its own unbalanced weight4 ,forth goes the woodman1 leaving1 unconcerned1 ,the cheerful haunts of man1 to wield the axe ,and drive the wedge in yonder forest drear1 ,from morn to eve his solitary task4 ,shaggy1 and lean1 and shrewd1 with pointed ears ,and tail cropped short1 half lurcher and half cur1 ,his dog attends him4 ,close behind his heel ,now creeps he slow2 and now1 with many a frisk1 ,wide scampering1 snatches up the drifted snow ,with ivory teeth1 or ploughs it with his snout2 ,then shakes his powdered coat1 and barks for joy4 ,heedless of all his pranks1 the sturdy churl ,moves right toward the mark2 nor stops for aught1 ,but now and then1 with pressure of his thumb ,to adjust the fragrant charge of a short tube ,that fumes beneath his nose3 the trailing cloud ,streams far behind him1 scenting all the air4 ,now from the roost1 or from the neighboring pale1 ,where1 diligent to cast the first faint gleam ,of smiling day1 they gossiped side by side1 ,come trooping at the housewife's well-known call ,the feathered tribes domestic4 ,half on wing1 ,and half on foot1 they brush the fleecy flood1 ,conscious and fearful of too deep a plunge4 ,the sparrows peep1 and quit the sheltering eaves1 ,to seize the fair occasion2 well they eye ,the scattered grain1 and thievishly resolved ,to escape the impending famine1 often scared ,as oft return1 a pert voracious kind4 ,clean riddance quickly made1 one only care ,remains to each1 the search of sunny nook1 ,or shed impervious to the blast4 ,resigned ,to sad necessity1 the cock foregoes ,his wonted strut2 and1 wading at their head1 ,with well-considered steps1 seems to resent ,his altered gait and stateliness retrenched4 ,the ,american poets have excelled their ,english brethren in painting the outward aspects of ,winter4 ,here is ,mr4 ,emerson's description of a snow storm3 ,announced by all the trumpets of the sky ,arrives the snow1 and1 driving o'er the fields1 ,seems nowhere to alight3 the whited air ,hides hills and woods1 the river1 and the heaven1 ,and veils the farm-house at the garden's end4 ,the sled and traveler stopped1 the courier's feet ,delayed1 all friends shut out1 the housemates sit ,around the radiant fire-place1 enclosed ,in a tumultuous privacy of storm4 ,come see the north wind's masonry4 ,out of an unseen quarry evermore ,furnished with tile1 the fierce artificer ,curves his white bastions with projected roof ,round every windward stake1 or tree1 or door4 ,speeding1 the myriad-handed1 his wild work ,so fanciful1 so savage1 nought cares he ,for number or proportion4 ,mockingly ,on coop or kennel he hangs ,parian wreaths2 ,a swan-like form invests the hidden thorn3 ,fills up the farmer's lane from wall to wall1 ,maugre the farmer's sighs1 and at the gate ,a tapering turret overtops the work4 ,and when his hours are numbered1 and the world ,is all his own1 retiring1 as he were not1 ,leaves1 when the sun appears1 astonished ,art ,to mimic in slow structures1 stone by stone1 ,built in an age1 the mad wind's night-work1 ,the frolic architecture of the snow4 ,in ,mr4 ,bryant's ,winter ,piece we have a brilliant description of frost-work3 ,look6 the massy trunks ,are cased in the pure crystal2 each light spray ,nodding and tinkling in the breath of heaven1 ,is studded with its trembling water-drops1 ,that glimmer with an amethystine light4 ,but round the parent stem the long low boughs ,bend1 in a glittering ring1 and arbors hide ,the glassy floor4 ,oh6 you might deem the spot ,the spacious cavern of some virgin mine1 ,deep in the womb of earth--where the gems grow1 ,and diamonds put forth radiant rods and bud ,with amethyst and topaz--and the place ,lit up1 most royally1 with the pure beam ,that dwells in them4 ,or haply the vast hall ,of fairy palace1 that outlasts the night1 ,and fades not in the glory of the sun2-- ,where crystal columns send forth slender shafts ,and crossing arches2 and fantastic aisles ,wind from the sight in brightness1 and are lost1 ,among the crowded pillars4 ,raise thine eye2 ,thou seest no cavern roof1 no palace vault2 ,there the blue sky and the white drifting cloud ,look in4 ,again the wildered fancy dreams ,of spouting fountains1 frozen as they rose1 ,and fixed1 with all their branching jets1 in air1 ,and all their sluices sealed4 ,all1 all is light2 ,light without shade4 ,but all shall pass away ,with the next sun4 ,from numberless vast trunks1 ,loosened1 the crashing ice shall make a sound ,like the far roar of rivers1 and the eve ,shall close o'er the brown woods as it was wont4 ,winter1 itself1 has never been more happily impersonated than by dear old ,spenser4 ,we meant to close with his portrait of ,winter1 but1 on second thoughts1 we give1 as more seasonable1 his description of ,january4 ,the fourth line can hardly fail to remind the reader of the second line of ,shakspeare's song1 and to suggest the query--whether ,shakspeare borrowed from ,spenser1 ,spenser from ,shakspeare1 or both from ,nature8 ,then came old ,january1 wrapped well ,in many weeds to keep the cold away2 ,yet did he quake and quiver like to quell1 ,and blow his nayles to warme them if he may2 ,for they were numbed with holding all the day ,an hatchet keene1 with which he felled wood ,and from the trees did lop the needlesse spray3 ,upon an huge great earth-pot steane he stood1 ,from whose wide mouth there flowed forth the ,romane floud4 99 99 99 99 99 ,as long as you are engaged in the world1 you must comply with its maxims2 because nothing is more unprofitable than the wisdom of those persons who set up for reformers of the age4 ',tis a part a man can not act long1 without offending his friends1 and rendering himself ridiculous4--,st4 ,gosemond4 ,,the ,,pavilions ,,on ,,the ,,lake4 ,,from ,,the ,,french ,,of ,,theophile ,,gautier4 ,in the province of ,canton1 several miles from the city1 there once lived two rich ,chinese merchants1 retired from business4 ,one of them was named ,tou1 the other ,kouan4 ,both were possessed of great riches1 and were persons of much consequence in the community4 ,tou and ,kouan were distant relatives1 and from early youth had lived and worked side by side4 ,bound by ties of great affection1 they had built their homes near together1 and every evening they met with a few select friends to pass the hours in delightful intercourse4 ,both possessed of much talent1 they vied with each other in the production of exquisite ,chinese handiwork1 and spent the evenings in tracing poetry and fancy designs on rice-paper as they drank each other's success in tiny glasses of delicate cordial4 ,but their characters1 apparently so harmonious1 as time went on grew more and more apart2 they were like an almond tree1 growing as one stem1 until little by little the branches divide so that the topmost twigs are far from each other--half sending their bitter perfume through the whole garden1 while the other half scatter their snow-white flowers outside the garden wall4 ,from year to year ,tou grew more serious2 his figure increased in dignity1 even his double chin wore a solemn expression1 and he spent his whole time composing moral inscriptions to hang over the doors of his pavilion4 ,kouan1 on the contrary1 grew jolly as his years increased4 ,he sang more gaily than ever in praise of wine1 flowers1 and birds4 ,his spirit1 unburdened by vulgar cares1 was light like a young man's1 and he dreamed of nothing but pure enjoyment4 ,little by little an intense hatred sprang up between the friends4 ,they could not meet without indulging in bitter sarcasm4 ,they were like two hedges of brambles1 bristling with sharp thorns4 ,at last1 things came to such a pass that they could no longer endure each other's society1 and each hung a tablet by the door of his dwelling1 stating that no person from the neighboring house would be allowed to cross the threshold on any pretext whatever4 ,they would have been glad to move their houses to different parts of the country1 but1 unhappily1 this was not possible4 ,tou even tried to sell his property but he set such an unreasonable price that no buyer appeared1 and he was1 moreover1 unwilling to leave all the treasures he had accumulated there--the sculptured wainscotting1 the polished panels1 like mirrors1 the transparent windows1 the gilded lattice-work1 the bamboo lounges1 the vases of rare porcelain1 the red and black lacquered cabinets1 and the cases full of books of ancient poetry4 ,it was hard to give up to strangers the garden where he had planted shade and fruit trees with his own hands1 and where1 each spring he had watched the opening of the flowers2 where in short1 each object was bound to his heart by ties delicate as the finest silk1 but strong as iron chains4 ,in the days of their friendship1 ,tou and ,kouan had each built a pavilion in his garden1 on the shore of a lake1 common to both estates4 ,it had been a great delight to sit in their separate balconies and exchange friendly salutations while they smoked opium in pipes of delicate porcelain4 ,but after becoming enemies they built a wall which divided the lake into two equal portions4 ,the water was so deep that the wall was supported on a series of arches1 through which the water flowed freely1 reflecting upon its placid surface the rival pavilions4 ,these pavilions were exquisite specimens of ,chinese architecture4 ,the roofs1 covered with tiling1 round and brilliant as the scales which glisten on the sides of a gold-fish1 were supported upon red and black pillars which rested on a solid foundation1 richly ornamented with porcelain slabs bearing all manner of artistic designs4 ,a railing ran all around1 formed by a graceful intermingling of branches and flowers wrought in ivory4 ,the interior was not less sumptuous4 ,on the walls were inscribed verses of celebrated ,chinese poems1 elegantly written in perpendicular lines1 with golden characters on a lacquered background4 ,shades of delicately carved ivory1 softened the light to a faint opal tint1 and all around stood pots of orchis1 peonies1 and daisies1 which filled the air with delicious perfume4 ,curtains of rich silk were draped over the entrance1 and on the marble tables within were scattered fans1 tooth-picks1 ebony pipes1 and pencils with all conveniences for writing4 ,all around the pavilions were picturesque grounds of rock1 among whose clefts grew clumps of willows1 their long green twigs swaying on the surface of the water4 ,under the crystal waves sported myriads of gold-fish1 and ducks with gay plumage floated among the broad1 shining leaves of water-lilies4 ,except in the very centre of the pool1 where the depth of the water prevented the growth of aquatic plants1 the whole surface was covered with these leaves1 like a carpet of soft green velvet4 ,before the unsightly wall had been placed there by the hostile owners1 it was impossible to find a more picturesque spot in the whole empire1 and even now no philosopher would have wished for a more retired and delicious retreat in which to pass his days4 ,both ,tou and ,kouan felt deeply the loss of the enchanting prospect1 and gazed sadly upon the barren wall which rose before their eyes1 but each consoled himself with the idea that his neighbor was as badly off as himself4 ,things went on in this way for several years4 ,grass and weeds choked up the pathway between the two houses1 and brambles and branches of low shrubs intertwined across it1 as though they would bar all communication forever4 ,it appeared as if the plants understood the quarrel between the two old friends1 and took delight in perpetuating it4 ,meanwhile the wives of both ,tou and ,kouan were both blessed each with a child4 ,madame ,tou became the mother of a charming girl1 and ,madame ,kouan of the handsomest boy in the world4 ,each family was ignorant of the happy event which had brought joy into the home of the other1 for although their houses were so near together the families were as far apart as if they had been separated by the great wall of the empire1 or the ocean itself4 ,what mutual friends they still possessed1 never alluded to the affairs of one in the house of the other2 even the servants had been forbidden to exchange words with each other1 under pain of death4 ,the boy was named ,tchin-,sing1 and the girl ,ju-,kiouan1 that is to say1 ,jasper and ,pearl4 ,their perfect beauty fully justified the choice of their names4 ,as they grew old enough to take notice of their surroundings1 the unsightly wall attracted their attention1 and each inquired of their parents why that strange barrier was placed across the centre of such a charming sheet of water1 and to whom belonged the great trees of which they could see the topmost boughs4 ,each was told that on the farther side of the wall was the habitation of a strange and wicked family1 and that it had been placed there as a protection against such disagreeable neighbors4 ,this explanation was sufficient for the children4 ,they grew accustomed to the sight and thought no more about it4 ,ju-,kiouan grew in grace and beauty4 ,she was skilled in all lady-like accomplishments4 ,the butterflies which she embroidered upon satin appeared to live and beat their wings1 and one could almost hear the song of the birds which grew under her fingers1 and smell the perfume of the flowers she wrought upon canvas4 ,she knew the ,book of ,odes by heart1 and could repeat the five rules of life without missing a word4 ,her handwriting was perfection1 and she composed in all the different styles of ,chinese poetry4 ,her poems were upon all those delicate themes which would attract the mind of a pure young girl2 upon the return of the swallows1 the daisies1 the weeping willows and similar topics1 and were of such merit as to win much praise from the wise men of the country4 ,tchin-,sing was not less forward in his accomplishments1 and his name stood at the head of his class4 ,although he was very young he had already gained the right to wear the black cap of the wise men1 and all the mothers in the country about wished him for a son-in-law4 ,but ,tchin-,sing had but one answer to all proposals2 it was too soon1 and he desired his liberty for some time to come4 ,he refused the hand of ,hon-,giu1 of ,oma1 and other beautiful young girls4 ,never was a young man more courted and more overwhelmed with sweets and flowers than he1 but his heart remained insensible to all attractions4 ,not on account of its coldness1 for he appeared full of longing for an object to adore4 ,his heart seemed fixed upon some memory1 some dream1 perhaps1 for whose realization he was waiting and hoping4 ,it was all in vain to tell him of beautiful tresses1 languishing eyes1 and soft hands waiting for his acceptance4 ,he listened with a distracted air1 as if thinking of other things4 ,ju-,kiouan was not less difficult to please4 ,she refused all suitors for her hand4 ,this did not salute her gracefully1 that was not dainty in his habits2 one had a bad handwriting1 another composed poor verses2 in short all had some defect4 ,she drew amusing caricatures of everyone1 which made her parents laugh1 and show the door to the unlucky lover in the most polite manner possible4 ,at last the parents of both young people became alarmed at the continued refusal of their children to marry1 and the mothers commenced to follow the subject in their dreams4 ,one night ,madame ,kouan dreamed that she saw a pearl of wonderful purity reposing on the breast of her son4 ,on the other hand1 ,madame ,tou dreamed that on her daughter's forehead sparkled a jasper of inestimable value4 ,much consultation was held as to the significance of these dreams4 ,madame ,kouan's was thought to imply that her son would win the highest honors of the ,imperial ,academy1 while ,madame ,tou's might signify that her daughter would find some untold treasure in the garden4 ,these interpretations1 however1 did not satisfy the two mothers1 whose whole minds were bent upon the happy marriage of their children4 ,unfortunately both ,tchin-,sing and ,ju-,kiouan persisted more obstinately than ever in their refusal to listen to the subject4 ,as young people are not usually so averse to marriage1 the parents suspected some secret attachment1 but a few days' careful watching sufficed to prove that ,tchin-,sing was paying court to no young girl1 and that no lover was to be seen under the balcony of ,ju-,kiouan4 ,at length both mothers decided to consult the bronze oracle in the temple of ,fo4 ,after burning gilt paper and perfume before the oracle1 ,madame ,tou received the unsatisfactory answer that1 until the jasper appeared1 the pearl would unite with no one1 and ,madame ,kouan was told the jasper would take nothing to his bosom but the pearl4 ,both women went sadly homeward in deeper perplexity than ever4 ,one day ,ju-,kiouan was leaning pensively on the balcony of her pavilion1 precisely at the same time when ,tchin-,sing was standing by his4 ,the day was clear as crystal1 and not a cloud floated in the blue space above4 ,there was not sufficient wind to move the lightest twigs of the willows1 and the surface of the water was glistening and placid as a mirror1 only disturbed1 here and there1 when some tiny gold-fish leaped for an instant into the sunshine4 ,the trees and grassy banks were reflected so distinctly that it was impossible to tell where the real world left off1 and the land of dreams began4 ,ju-,kiouan was amusing herself watching the beauteous water-picture when her eyes fell upon that portion of the lake1 near the wall1 where1 with all the clearness of reality1 was the reflection of the pavilion on the opposite shore4 ,she had never noticed it before1 and what was her surprise to behold an exact reproduction of the one where she was standing1 the gilded roof1 the red and black pillars1 and all the beauteous drapery about the doors4 ,she would have been able to read the inscription upon the tablets1 had they not been reversed4 ,but what surprised her more than all was to see1 leaning on the balcony1 a figure which1 if it had not come from the other side of the lake1 she would have taken for her own reflection4 ,it was the mirrored image of ,tchin-,sing4 ,at first she took it for the reflection of a girl1 as he was dressed in robes according to the fashion of the time4 ,as the heat was intense1 he had thrown off his student's cap1 and his hair fell about his fresh1 beardless face4 ,but soon ,ju-,kiouan recognized1 from the violent beating of her heart1 that the reflection in the water was not that of a young girl4 ,until then she had believed that the earth contained no being created for her1 and had often indulged in pensive revery over her loneliness4 ,never1 said she1 shall ,i take my place as a link between the past and future of my family1 but ,i shall enter among the shadows as a lonely shade4 ,but when she beheld the reflection in the water1 she found that her beauty had a sister1 or1 more properly speaking1 a brother4 ,far from being displeased to discover that her beauty was not unrivaled1 she was filled with intense joy4 ,her heart was beating and throbbing with love for another1 and in that instant ,ju-,kiouan's whole life was changed4 ,it was foolish in her to fall violently in love with a reflection1 of whose reality she knew nothing1 but after all she was only acting like nearly all young girls who take a husband for his white teeth or his curly hair1 knowing nothing whatever of his real character4 ,tchin-,sing had also perceived the charming reflection of the young girl4 ,i am dreaming1 he cried4 ,that beautiful image upon the water is the combination of sunshine and the perfume of many flowers4 ,i recognize it well4 ,it is the reflection of the image within my own heart1 the divine unknown whom ,i have worshiped all my life4 ,tchin-,sing was aroused from his monologue by the voice of his father1 who called him to come at once to the grand saloon4 ,my son1 said he1 here is a very rich and very learned man who seeks you as a husband for his daughter4 ,the young girl has imperial blood in her veins1 is of a rare beauty1 and possesses all the qualities necessary to make her husband happy4 ,tchin-,sing1 whose heart was bursting with love for the reflection seen from the pavilion1 refused decidedly4 ,his father1 carried away with passion1 heaped upon him the most violent imprecations4 ,undutiful child1 said he1 if you persist in your obstinacy1 ,i will have you confined in one of the strongest fortresses of the empire1 where you will see nothing but the sea beating against the rocks1 and the mountains covered with mist4 ,there you will have leisure to reflect1 and repent of your wicked conduct4 ,these threats did not frighten ,tchin-,sing in the least4 ,he quickly replied that he would accept for his wife the first maiden who touched his heart1 and until then he should listen to no one4 ,the next day1 at the same hour1 he went to the pavilion on the lake1 and1 leaning on the balcony1 eagerly watched for the beloved reflection4 ,in a few moments he saw it glisten in the water1 beauteous as a boquet of submerged flowers4 ,a radiant smile broke over the face of the reflection1 which proved to ,tchin-,sing that his presence was not unpleasant to the lovely unknown4 ,but as it was impossible to hold communication with a reflection whose substance is invisible1 he made a sign that he would write1 and vanished into the interior of the pavilion4 ,he soon reappeared1 bearing in his hand a silvered paper1 upon which he had written a declaration of love in seven-syllabled stanzas4 ,he carefully folded his verses and placed them in the cup of a white flower1 which he rolled in a leaf of the water-lily1 and placed the whole tenderly upon the surface of the lake4 ,a light breeze wafted the lover's message through the arches of the wall1 and it floated so near ,ju-,kiouan that she had only to stretch out her hand to receive it4 ,fearful of being seen she returned to her private boudoir1 where she read with great delight the expressions of love written by ,tchin-,sing4 ,her joy was all the greater1 as she recognized from the exquisite hand-writing and choice versification that the writer was a man of culture and talent4 ,and when she read his signature1 the significance of which she perceived at once1 remembering her mother's dream1 she felt that heaven had sent her the long desired companion4 ,the next day the breeze blew in a different direction1 so that ,ju-,kiouan was able to send an answer in verse by the same subtle messenger1 by which1 notwithstanding her girlish modesty1 it was easy to see that she returned the love of ,tchin-,sing4 ,on reading the signature1 ,tchin-,sing could not repress an exclamation of surprise and delight4 ,the pearl1 said he1 that is the precious jewel my mother saw glittering on my bosom4 ,i must at once entreat this young girl's hand of her parents1 for she is the wife appointed for me by the oracle4 ,as he was preparing to go1 he suddenly remembered the dislike between the two families1 and the prohibitions inscribed upon the tablet over the entrance4 ,determined to win his prize at any cost1 he resolved to confide the whole history to his mother4 ,ju-,kiouan had also told her love to ,madame ,tou4 ,the names of ,pearl and ,jasper troubled the good matrons so much that1 not daring to set themselves against what appeared to be the will of the gods1 they both went again to the temple of ,fo4 ,the bronze oracle replied that this marriage was in reality the true interpretation of the dreams1 and that to prevent it would be to incur the eternal anger of the gods4 ,touched by the entreaties of the mothers1 and also by slight mutual advances1 the two fathers gave way and consented to a reconciliation of the families4 ,the two old friends1 on meeting each other again1 were astonished to find what frivolous causes had separated them for so many years1 and mourned sincerely over all the pleasure they had lost in being deprived of each other's society4 ,the marriage of the children was celebrated with much rejoicing1 and the ,jasper and the ,pearl were no longer obliged to hold intercourse by means of a reflection on the water4 ,the wall was removed1 and the wavelets rippled placidly between the two pavilions on the lake4 --,h4,s4 ,conant4 ,illustration3 ,,in ,,the ,,mountains4 ,,in ,,the ,,mountains4 ,a line of ,walter ,savage ,landor's1 a poet for poets1 was an especial favorite with ,southey1 and1 we believe1 with ,lamb4 ,it occurs in ,gebir1 and drops from the lips of one of its characters1 who1 being suddenly shown the sea1 exclaims1 ,is this the mighty ocean8--is this all8 ,the feeling which underlies this line is generally the first emotion we have when brought face to face with the stupendous forms of ,nature4 ,it is the feeling inspired by mountains1 the first sight of which is disappointing4 ,they are grand1 but not quite what we were led to expect from pictures and books1 and1 still more1 from our own imaginations4 ,the more we see mountains1 the more they grow upon us1 until1 finally1 they are clothed with a grandeur not1 in all cases1 belonging to them--our ,mount ,washingtons over-topping the ,alps1 and the ,alps the ,himmalayas4 ,the poets assist us in thus magnifying them4 ,the ,american poets have translated the mountains of their native land into excellent verse4 ,everybody remembers ,mr4 ,bryant's ,monument ,mountain1 for its touching story1 and its clearly-defined descriptions of scenery4 ,mr4 ,stedman has a mountain of his own1 though perhaps only in ,dream-land2 and ,mr4 ,bayard ,taylor has a whole range of them1 the sight of which once filled him with rapture3 ,o deep1 exulting freedom of the hills6 ,o summits vast1 that to the climbing view ,in naked glory stand against the blue6 ,o cold and buoyant air1 whose crystal fills ,heaven's amethystine gaol6 ,o speeding streams ,that foam and thunder from the cliffs below6 ,o slippery brinks and solitudes of snow ,and granite bleakness1 where the vulture screams6 ,o stormy pines1 that wrestle with the breath ,of every tempest1 sharp and icy horns ,and hoary glaciers1 sparkling in the morns1 ,and broad dim wonders of the world beneath6 ,i summon ye1 and mid the glare that fills ,the noisy mart1 my spirit walks the hills4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gladness ,,of ,,nature4--,midnight--when asleep so still and silent--seems inspired with the joyous spirit of the owls in their revelry--and answers to their mirth and merriment through all her clouds4 ,the moping owl1 indeed6--the boding owl1 forsooth6 the melancholy owl1 you blockhead6 why1 they are the most cheerful1 joy-portending1 and exulting of ,god's creatures4 ,their flow of animal spirits is incessant--crowing cocks are a joke to them--blue devils are to them unknown--not one hypochondriac in a thousand barns--and the ,man-in-the-,moon acknowledges that he never heard one utter a complaint4 ,,the ,,nooning4 ,mr4 ,darley's very characteristic picture on the opposite page needs no description1 it so thoroughly explains itself1 and realizes his intention4 ,the following lines from ,mary ,howitt seem very appropriate to the sketch3 ,o golden fields of bending corn1 ,how beautiful they seem6 ,the reaper-folk1 the piled up sheaves1 ,to me are like a dream2 ,the sunshine and the very air ,seem of old time1 and take me there4 ,a ,,mandarin4 ,,from ,,the ,,french ,,of ,,auguste ,,vitu4 ,it was ,saturday night1 and the pavement sparkled with frost diamonds under flashing lights and echoing steps in the opera quarter4 ,tinkling carnival bells and wild singing resounded from all the carriages dashing towards ,rue ,lepelletier2 the shops were only half shut1 and ,paris1 wide awake1 reveled in a fairy-night frolic4 ,and yet1 ,felix d',aubremel1 one of the bright applauded heroes of those orgies1 seemed in no mood to answer their mad challenge4 ,plunged in a deep armchair1 hands drooping and feet on the fender1 he was sunk in sombre revery4 ,an open book lay near him1 and a letter was flung1 furiously crumpled1 on the floor4 ,an orphan at the age of twelve1 ,felix had watched his mother's slow death through ten years of suffering4 ,the ,marquis ,gratien d',aubremel1 ruined by reckless dissipation1 and driven by necessity1 rather than love1 into a marriage with an ,english heiress1 ,margaret ,malden1 deserted her1 like the wretch he was1 as soon as the last of her dowry melted away4 ,a common story enough1 and ending in as common a close4 ,d',aubremel sailed for the ,indies to retrieve his fortune1 and met death there by yellow fever4 ,so that the sad lessons of ,felix's family life stimulated to excess his innate leaning towards misanthropy--if that name may define a resistless urgency of belief in the appearances of evil1 linked with a doubt of the reality of good4 ,probably1 at heart1 he believed himself incapable of a bad action1 but he would take no oath to such a conviction1 since by his theory every man must yield under certain circumstances1 attacking powerfully his personal interest1 while threatening slight danger of failure or detection4 ,this style of thought1 set off by a fair share of witty expression and ever-ready impertinence1 gave ,felix a kind of ascendancy in his circle of intimates--but naturally it gained him no friends4 ,common reputation grows out of words rather than actions1 and ,felix suffered the just penalty of his sceptical fancies4 ,they cost him more than they were worth1 as he had just learned by sad experience4 ,he had chanced to make the acquaintance of a rich manufacturer1 ,montmorot by name1 whose daughter ,ernestine was pleased with the devotion of a charming young fellow1 who mingled the rather reckless grace of ,french cleverness with a reserved style and refined pride gained from the ,english blood of the ,maldens4 ,for his part1 ,felix really loved the girl1 and had let his impatience1 that very day1 carry him into a step that failed to move the elder ,montmorot's inflexibility4 ,he refused absolutely to give his daughter to a man without fortune or prospects4 ,felix was crushed1 his hopes all shattered at a blow1 by this answer1 though he had a thousand reasons to expect it4 ,and at what a moment6 ,a half-unfolded red ticket1 stuffed with disgusting threats1 peeped out from between the wall and his sofa4 ,the officers of justice had paid him a little visit4 ,he got into a passion with himself4 ,pshaw1 he cried1 confound all scruples6 ,if ,i had been less in love ,i should be ,ernestine's husband now4 ,with a pretty wife1 one ,i am so fond of1 too1 ,i should have fortune1 position1 and the luxury indispensable to my life--now1 ,i don't know where to lay my head to-morrow4 ,to-morrow1 at ten o'clock1 the sheriff will seize everything--everything1 from that ,troyou sketch to that china monster1 nodding his frightful sneering head at me4 ,they will carry off this casket that was my father's--this locket1 with the hair of--of--what the deuce was her name8 ,poor girl6 how she loved me6 ,and now all that is left of her vanishes--even her name6 ,what1 nothing8 no hope8 ,not even one of those silly impulses that used to drive me out into the streets when everybody else was abed1 with the firm conviction that at some crossing1 in some gutter1 some unknown deity must have dropped a fat pocket-book1 on purpose for me6 ,i believed in something1 then--even in lost pocket-books4 ,and now1 now6 ,i would commit no such follies as that1 but ,i believe ,i could be guilty of even worse things1 if crime1 common1 low1 contemptible1 shameful crime1 were not forbidden to the son of the ,marquis d',aubremel and ,margaret ,malden4 ,oh1 great genius6 he went on1 taking up the open book near him1 great philosopher1 called a sophist by the ignorant--how deep a truth you uttered in writing these lines1 that ,i never read over without a shudder3 ',imagine a ,chinese mandarin1 living in a fabulous country three thousand leagues away1 whom you have never seen and shall never see--imagine1 moreover1 that the death of this mandarin1 this man1 almost a myth1 would make you a millionaire1 and that you have but to lift your finger1 at home1 in ,france1 to bring about his death1 without the possibility of ever being called to account for it by any one2 say1 what would you do8' ,that fearful passage must have made many men dream--and does not ,bianchon1 that great materialist1 so well painted by ,balzac1 confess that he has got as far as his thirty-third mandarin8 ,what a ,st4 ,bartholomew of mandarins1 if my philosopher's supposition could grow into a truth6 ,felix ceased his soliloquy1 and bent his head to let the storm raised in his soul by the atheist philosopher pass over4 ,his bad instincts1 aroused1 spoke louder at that instant than reason1 louder than reality4 ,his glance fell on the chimney-piece1 where a porcelain figure1 the grotesque chef d'oeuvre of some great ,chinese artist1 leered at him with its everlasting grin4 ,the young man smiled4 ,perhaps that is the likeness of a mandarin--bulbous nose1 hanging cheeks1 moustaches drooping like plumes1 a peaked head1 knotty hands--a regular deformity4 ,reflecting on the ugliness of that idiotic race1 there is much to be urged by way of excuse for people who kill mandarins4 ,some persistent thought evidently haunted ,felix's mind4 ,again he drove it off1 and again it beset him4 ,pshaw6 he exclaimed1 after a last brief struggle1 ,i am alone1 and out of sorts4 ,i will amuse myself with a carnival freak1 a mere theoretic and philosophic piece of nonsense4 ,i have tried many worse ones4 ,it wants a quarter to twelve4 ,i give myself fifteen minutes to study my spells4 ,let me see1 what mandarin shall ,i murder8 ,i don't know any1 and ,i have no peerage list of the ,flowery ,empire4 ,let me try the newspapers4 ,it was in the height of the ,english war with ,china4 ,on the seventh column of the paper our hero found a proclamation signed by the imperial commissioners1 ,lin1 ,lou1 ,lun1 and ,li4 ,here goes for ,li1 he said to himself4 ,he is likely to be the youngest4 ,the clock began to strike1 announcing the hour4 ,felix placed himself solemnly before the mirror1 and said aloud1 in a grave tone3 ,if the death of ,mandarin ,li will make me rich and powerful1 whatever may come of it1 ,i vote for the death of ,mandarin ,li4 ,he lifted his finger--at that instant the porcelain figure rocked on its base1 and fell in fragments at ,felix's feet4 ,the glass reflected his startled face4 ,he thrilled for an instant with superstitious terror1 but recollecting that his finger had touched the fragile figure1 he accounted for it as an accident1 and went to bed and to such repose as a debtor can enjoy with an execution hanging over his head4 ,masks and dominos made the street merry under his window4 ,the opera ball was unusually brilliant1 experts said1 and nothing made the ,parisians aware that on the night of ,january #abth1 #ahdj1 ,felix d',aubremel had passed sentence of death on ,chinaman ,li1 son of ,mung1 son of ,tseu1 a literate mandarin of the #aadth class4 ,nine months later ,felix d',aubremel was living in furnished lodgings in an alley off the ,rue ,st4 ,pierre1 and living by borrowing4 ,the gentlemanly sceptic owed his landlady a good deal of money2 his clothes were aged past wearing1 and his tailor had long ago broken off all relations with him4 ,the ,marquis d',aubremel was within a hairsbreadth of that utterly crushed state that ends in madness1 or in suicide--which is only a variety of madness4 ,one morning while sitting in the glass cage that leads to the staircase of every lodging-house1 waiting to beg another respite from his landlady1 he took up a newspaper1 and the following notice was lucky enough to catch his attention4 ,chiusang1 #abth ,january1 #ahdj4 ,hostilities have broken out between ,england and the ,celestial ,empire4 ,the sudden and inexplicable death of ,mandarin ,li1 the only member of the council who opposed the violent and warlike projects of ,lin1 led to unfortunate events4 ,at the first attack the ,chinese fled1 with the basest want of pluck1 but in their retreat they murdered several ,english merchants1 and among them an old resident1 ,richard ,maiden1 who leaves an estate of half a million sterling4 ,the heirs of the deceased are requested to communicate with ,william ,harrison1 ,solicitor1 ,lincoln's ,inn4 ,my uncle6 cried ,felix4 ,alas1 ,i have killed my uncle and ,mandarin ,li4 ,he had not a penny to pay for his traveling expenses to ,london2 but1 on producing his certificate of birth and the newspaper article1 his landlady easily negotiated for him with an honest broker1 who advanced him a thousand francs to arrange his affairs1 without interest1 upon his note for a trifle of eighteen hundred1 payable in six weeks4 ,eight days after reaching ,london1 ,felix1 established in a fashionable hotel1 was awaiting with nervous eagerness the first instalment of a million1 the proceeds of a cargo of teas1 sold under the direction of ,mr4 ,harrison4 ,he was too restless for thought1 burning with impatience to take possession of his property1 to handle his wealth1 and1 as it were1 to verify his dream4 ,yet the fact was indisputable4 ,richard ,malden's death1 and his own relationship to the intestate had been legally proved and established4 ,felix d',aubremel regularly and assuredly inherited a fortune1 and he had no doubts nor scruples on that point4 ,a servant interrupted his reflections1 announcing his solicitor's clerk4 ,why does not ,mr4 ,harrison come himself8 he was on the point of asking1 but amazement at the clerk's appearance took away his breath4 ,he was a shriveled little object1 slight1 bony1 crooked and hideous1 with a monstrous head and round eyes1 a bald skull1 a flat nose1 a mouth from ear to ear1 and a little jutting paunch that looked like a sack4 ,i bring the ,marquis d',aubremel the monies he is expecting1 said the man1 and his voice1 shrill and silvery1 like a musical box or the bell of a clock1 impressed ,felix painfully4 ,the voice grated on the nerves4 ,i have drawn a receipt in regular form1 said ,felix1 extending his hand4 ,but the solicitor's clerk leaned his back against the door1 without stirring a step4 ,well1 sir1 ,felix exclaimed with a convulsive effort4 ,the man approached slowly1 scarcely moving his feet1 as if sliding across the floor4 ,his right hand was buried in his coat pocket2 he held his head bent down1 and his lips moved inaudibly4 ,at last he pulled from his pocket a large bundle of banknotes1 bills and papers1 drew near the window1 and began to count them carefully4 ,felix was then struck by a strange phenomenon that might well inspire undefined terror4 ,standing directly in front of the window1 the clerk's figure cast no shadow1 though the sun's rays fell full upon it1 and through his human body1 translucent as rock crystal1 ,felix plainly saw the houses across the street4 ,then his eyes seemed to be suddenly unsealed4 ,the clerk's black coat took colors1 blue1 green1 and scarlet2 it lengthened out into the folds of a robe1 and blazed with the dazzling image of the fire-dragon1 the son of ,buddha2 a lock of stiff grayish hair sprouted like a short tuft out of his yellowish skull2 his round tawny eyes rolled with frightful rapidity in their sockets4 ,felix recognized ,li1 son of ,mung1 son of ,tseu1 the literate mandarin of the #aadth class4 ,the murderer had never seen his victim1 but could not doubt his identity a moment1 thanks to the marvelous resemblance between the solicitor's clerk and the china monster that dropped into bits at his feet the night of ,january #abth1 #ahdj4 ,meantime the man had done counting his package1 and held it out to ,felix1 saying1 in his grating1 vibrating tones1 ,monsieur le ,marquis1 here are forty thousand pounds sterling2 please to give me your receipt4 ,and ,felix heard the voice say in a shriller under-key1 ,felix1 here is an instalment of the million1 the price of your crime4 ,felix1 my assassin1 take this money from my hand4 ,from my hand1 echoed a thousand fine voices1 quivering all through the air of the room4 ,no1 no1 cried ,felix1 pushing the clerk away1 the money would burn me6 ,begone with you6 ,he dropped exhausted into a chair1 half suffocated1 with drops of sweat rolling down his convulsed face4 ,the man bowed to the floor1 and slowly moved away backwards4 ,with every gradual step ,felix saw his natural shape return4 ,the rays of the autumn sun ceased to light up that mysterious apparition1 and only his attorney's humble clerk stood before ,felix4 ,with a rush overpowering his will1 ,felix dashed after the old man1 already across the threshold1 and overtook him on the staircase4 ,my papers6 he shouted imperiously4 ,here they are1 sir1 said the old fellow quietly4 ,felix regained his room1 bolted the door1 and counted the immense sum contained in the pocket-book with excitement bordering on frenzy4 ,then he bathed his burning head with cold water1 and threw an anxious look around the room4 ,i must have had an attack of fever1 he muttered4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,tropic ,,forest4--,,granville ,,perkins ,mandarins don't rise from the dead1 and a man can't kill another by simply lifting his finger4 ,so my philosopher talked like one who knows nothing of moral experience4 ,if the fancy of an unreal crime almost drove me mad1 what must be the remorse of an actual criminal8 ,the same evening ,felix ordered post horses and set out for ,france4 ,some months later1 ,monsieur ,montmorot1 chevalier of the legion of honor1 gave a grand dinner to celebrate his daughter's betrothal with the ,marquis ,felix d',aubremel1 one of the noblest names in ,france1 as he styled it4 ,the contract settling a part of his fortune on his daughter ,ernestine was signed at nine in the evening4 ,the ,monday following the pair presented themselves before the civil officials to solemnize their marriage by due legal ceremonies4 ,felix1 a prey to the strange hallucination that incessantly pursued him1 saw a likeness between the official and the ,chinese figure he had awkwardly thrown down and broken one night long ago4 ,presently his face darkened1 and his eyes began to burn4 ,behind the magistrate's blue spectacles he caught the gleam and roll of the tawny eyes belonging to ,mr4 ,harrison's clerk1 to ,li1 son of ,mung1 son of ,tseu4 ,when at length the magistrate put the formal question1 ,felix ,etienne d',aubremel1 do you take for your wife ,ernestine ,juliette ,montmorot1 ,felix heard a shrill ringing voice say1 ,felix1 ,i give you your wife with my hand--my hand4 ,the official repeated the question more loudly4 ,with my hand--my hand1 whispered a thousand mocking little voices4 ,no6 ,felix shouted rather than answered1 and rushed away from the spot like a lunatic4 ,once more at home1 he shut out everyone and flung himself on his bed1 in a state of stupor that weighed him down till night--a sort of dull torpor of brain1 with utter exhaustion of physical strength--a misery of formless thought4 ,towards evening one persistent idea aroused him from this strange lethargy4 ,i am a cowardly murderer1 he groaned4 ,i wished for my fellow-being's death4 ,god punishes me--,i will execute his sentence4 ,he stretched out his hand in the dark1 groping for a dagger that hung from the wall4 ,then a mild brightness filtered through the curtains and irradiated the bed4 ,felix distinctly saw the grotesque figure of ,mandarin ,li standing a few steps away4 ,the shadow of death darkened his face1 and without seeming movement of his lips1 ,felix heard these words1 uttered by that shrill ringing voice so hated1 now mellowed into divine music4 ,felix d',aubremel1 ,god does not will that you should die1 and ,i1 his servant1 am sent to tell you his decree4 ,you have been cruel and covetous--you have wished an innocent man's death1 and his death caused that of a multitude of victims to the barbarous passions of a great western nation4 ,man's life must be sacred for every man4 ,god only can take what he gave4 ,live1 then1 if you would not add a great crime to a great error4 ,and if forgiveness from one dead can restore in part your strength and courage to endure1 ,felix1 ,i forgive you4 ,the vision vanished4 ,felix religiously obeyed the instructions of ,li1 and consecrated his life by a vow to the relief of human misery wherever he found it4 ,he devoted ,richard ,malden's vast fortune to founding charitable establishments4 ,ernestine ,montmorot would never consent to see him again4 ,two years ago1 yielding to an impulse easy to understand1 he requested the ,english consul at ,chiusang to make inquiries as to the family of ,li1 who might perhaps be suffering in poverty4 ,nothing more could be discovered than that the gracious sovereign of the ,middle ,kingdom had confiscated the property of ,li's family1 that his wife had died of sorrow1 in misery1 and that his son1 ,li1 having taken the liberty to complain of the glorious emperor's severity1 suffered death by the bowstring1 as is proper and reasonable in all well-governed states4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,mother ,,is ,,here6--,,deiker4 ,,mother ,,is ,,here6--,a little fawn in the clutches of a fox bleats loudly for help4 ,the mother appears quickly on the scene1 and ,renard retires1 foiled and chagrined at the loss of his dinner4 ,he stays not upon the order of his going1 but goes at once4 ,the artist ,deiker is a well-known ,german painter1 whose success with these pictures of animal life ranks him with such men as ,beckmann and ,hammer1 whose names are familiar to the friends of ,,the ,,aldine4 ,a ,,tropic ,,forest4 ,trees lifted to the skies their stately heads1 ,tufted with verdure1 like depending plumage1 ,o'er stems unknotted1 waving to the wind3 ,of these in graceful form1 and simple beauty1 ,the fruitful cocoa and the fragrant palm ,excelled the wilding daughters of the wood1 ,that stretched unwieldly their enormous arms1 ,clad with luxuriant foliage1 from the trunk1 ,like the old eagle feathered to the heel2 ,while every fibre1 from the lowest root ,to the last leaf upon the topmost twig1 ,was held by common sympathy1 diffusing ,through all the complex frame unconscious life4 --,montgomery's ,pelican ,island4 99 99 99 99 99 ,what makes us like new acquaintances is not so much any weariness of our old ones1 or the pleasure of change1 as disgust at not being sufficiently admired by those who know us too well1 and the hope of being more so by those who do not know so much of us4--,la ,rochefoucauld4 ,,among ,,the ,,daisies4 ,laud the first spring daisies-- ,chant aloud their praises4--,ed4 ,youl4 ,when daisies pied and violets blue1 ,and lady-smocks all silver white-- ,and cuckoo-buds of yellow hue1 ,do paint the meadows with delight4 --,shakspeare4 ,belle et douce ,marguerite1 aimable soeur du roi ,kingcup1 enthusiastically exclaims genial ,leigh ,hunt1 we would tilt for thee with a hundred pens against the stoutest poet that did not find perfection in thy cheek4 ,and yet1 who would have the heart to slander the daisy1 or cause a blush of shame to tint its whiteness8 ,tastes vary1 and poets may value the flower differently2 but a rash1 deliberate condemnation of the daisy is as likely to become realized as is a harsh condemnation of the innocence and simplicity of childhood4 ,so the chivalric ,hunt need not fear being invoked from the silence of the grave to take part in a lively tournament for belle et douce ,marguerite4 ,subjectively1 the daisy is a theme upon which we love to linger4 ,in our natural state1 when flesh and spirit are both models of meekness1 two objects are wont to throw us into a kind of ecstasy3 a row of nicely painted white railings1 and a bunch of fresh daisies4 ,these waft us back along a vista of years1 peopled with scenes the most entrancing1 and fancies the most pleasing4 ,they call up at once the old country home3 the honeysuckle clasping the thatched cottage1 contrasting so prettily with the white fence in front3 the sloping fields of green painted with daisies1 through which1 unshackled1 the buoyant breeze swept so peacefully4 ,it was an invariable rule1 in those days1 to troop through the meadows at early morn and1 like a young knight-errant1 bear home in triumph ,marguerite1 the peerless daisy1 rescued from the clutches of unmentionable dragons1 and now to beam brightly on us for the rest of the day from a neighboring mantel-piece4 ,and it was with great reluctance that we refrained from decapitating the whole field of daisies at one fell sweep1 when we were once allowed to touch their upturned faces4 ,a contract was then made on the spot3 we were permitted to pluck the daisies on condition that we plucked but one every day4 ,the field was not large1 and long before the blasts of autumn had hushed the voices of the flowers1 not a single daisy remained4 ,advancing spring threw lavish handfuls once more on the grass1 and on these we sported anew with all the ardor of boyhood4 ,our enthusiasm for the daisy then is only equaled by the gratitude it now awakens4 ,too soon does the busy world1 with unwarrantable liberty1 allure us from boyish scenes4 ,too soon are the buoyant fancies of youth succeeded by the feverish anxieties of age1 happy innocence by the consciousness of evil1 confidence by doubt1 faith by despair4 ,we must chill our demonstrativeness1 restrain our affections1 blunt our sensibilities4 ,we must cultivate conscience until we have too much of it1 and become monkish1 savage and misanthropic4 ,the asceticism of manhood is apparent from the studied air with which everybody is on his guard against his neighbor4 ,in a crowded car1 men instinctively clutch their pockets1 and fancy a pickpocket in a benevolent-looking old gentleman opposite4 ,when we see men so distrustful1 we shun them4 ,they then call us selfish when we feel only solitary4 ,we protest against such manhood as would lower golden ideals of youth to its own contemptible ,avernus4 ,and now as our daisy1 which is blooming before us1 sagely nods its white crest as it is swayed by the passing breeze1 it seems to bring back of itself decades gone forever4 ,we never intend to become a man4 ,we keep our boy's heart ever fresh and ever warm4 ,we don't care if the whole human race1 from the ,ascidians to ,darwin himself1 assail us and fiercely thrust us once more into short jackets and knickerbockers1 provided they allow an indefinite vacation in a daisy field4 ,the joy of childhood is said to be vague4 ,it was all satisfying to us once1 and we do not intend to allow it to waste in unconscious effervescence among the gaudier though less gratifying delights of manhood4 ,it is1 however1 of daisies among the poets we would speak at more length4 ,in fact1 to the imaginative mind1 the daisy in poetry is as suggestive as the daisy in nature4 ,philosophically1 they are identical2 in the absence of the one you can commune with the other4 ,thus unconsciously the daisy undergoes a metempsychosis2 its soul is transferred at will from meadow to book and from book to meadow1 without losing a particle of its vitality4 ,to premise with the daisy historically3 ,among the ,romans it was called ,bellis1 or pretty one2 in modern ,greece1 it is star-flower4 ,in ,france1 ,spain1 and ,italy1 it was named ,marguerita1 or pearl1 a term which1 being of ,greek origin1 doubtless was brought from ,constantinople by the ,franks4 ,from the word ,marguerita1 poems in praise of the daisy were termed ,bargerets4 ,warton calls them ,bergerets1 or songs du ,berger1 that is1 shepherd songs4 ,these were pastorals1 lauding fair mistresses and maidens of the day under the familiar title of the daisy4 ,froissart has written a characteristic ,bargeret2 and ,chaucer1 in his ,flower and the ,leaf1 sings3 ,and1 at the last1 there began1 anone1 ,a lady for to sing right womanly1 ,a bargaret in praising the daisie2 ,for as methought among her notes sweet1 ,she said1 ',si douce est la ,margarite4 ,speght supposes that ,chaucer here intends to pay a compliment to ,lady ,margaret1 ,king ,edward's daughter1 ,countess of ,pembroke1 one of his patronesses4 ,but ,warton hesitates to express a decided opinion as to the reference4 ,chaucer shows his love for the daisy in other places4 ,in his ,prologue to the ,legend of ,good ,women1 alluding to the power with which the flowers drive him from his books1 he says that all the floures in the mede1 ,than love ,i most these floures white and rede1 ,soch that men callen daisies in our toun ,to hem ,i have so great affectioun1 ,as ,i sayd erst1 whan comen is the ,may1 ,that in my bedde there daweth me no day1 ,that ,i nam up and walking in the mede1 ,to seen this floure agenst the ,sunne sprede4 ,to see it early in the morn1 the poet continues3 ,that blissfull sight softeneth all my sorow1 ,so glad am ,i1 whan that ,i have presence ,of it1 to done it all reverence ,as she that is of all floures the floure4 ,chaucer says that to him it is ever fresh1 that he will cherish it till his heart dies2 and then he describes himself resting on the grass1 gazing on the daisy3 ,adowne full softly ,i gan to sink1 ,and leaning on my elbow and my side1 ,the long day ,i shope me for to abide1 ,for nothing els1 and ,i shall nat lie1 ,but for to looke upon the daisie1 ,that well by reason men it call may ,the daisie1 or els the eye of day4 ,chaucer gives us the true etymology of the word in the last line4 ,ben ,jonson1 to confirm it1 writes with more force than elegance1 ,days-eyes1 and the lippes of cows2 that is1 cowslips2 a disentanglement of compounds1--,leigh ,hunt says1 in the style of the parodists3 ,puddings of the plum ,and fingers of the lady4 ,the poets abound in allusions to the daisy4 ,it serves both for a moral and for an epithet4 ,the morality is adduced more by our later poets1 who have written whole poems in its honor4 ,the earlier poets content themselves generally with the daisy in description1 and leave the daisy in ethics to such a philosophico-poetical ,titan as ,wordsworth4 ,douglas 7#adga71 in his description of the month of ,may1 writes3 ,the dasy did on crede 7unbraid7 hir crownet smale4 ,and ,lyndesay 7#adif71 in the prologue to his ,dreme1 describes ,june ,weill bordowrit with dasyis of delyte4 ,the eccentric ,skelton1 who wrote about the close of the #aeth century1 in a sonnet1 says3 ,your colowre ,is lyke the daisy flowre ,after the ,april showre4 ,thomas ,westwood1 in an agreeable little madrigal1 pictures the daisies3 ,all their white and pinky faces ,starring over the green places4 ,thomas ,nash 7#aeib71 in another of similar quality1 exclaims3 ,the fields breathe sweet1 ,the daisies kiss our feet4 ,suckling1 in his famous ,wedding1 in his description of the bride1 confesses3 ,her cheeks so rare a white was on ,no daisy makes comparison4 ,spenser1 in his ,prothalamion1 alludes to ,the little dazie that at evening closes4 ,george ,wither speaks of the power of his imagination3 ,by a daisy1 whose leaves spread ,shut when ,titan goes to bed2 ,or a shady bush or tree1 ,she could more infuse in me ,than all ,nature's beauties can ,in some other wiser man4 ,poor ,chatterton1 in his ,tragedy of ,ella1 refers to the daisy in the line3 ,in daiseyed mantells is the mountayne dyghte4 ,hervey1 in his ,may1 describes ,the daisy singing in the grass ,as thro' the cloud the star4 ,and ,hood1 in his fanciful ,midsummer ,fairies1 sings of ,daisy stars whose firmament is green4 ,burns1 whose ,ode to a ,mountain ,daisy is so universally admired1 gives1 besides1 a few brief notices of the daisy3 ,the lowly daisy sweetly blows-- ,the daisy's for simplicity and unaffected air4 ,tennyson has made the daisy a subject of one of his most unsatisfactory poems4 ,in ,maud1 he writes3 ,her feet have touched the meadows ,and left the daisies rosy4 ,to ,wordsworth1 the poet of nature1 the daisy seems perfectly intelligible4 ,scattered throughout the lowly places1 with meekness it seems to shed beauty over its surroundings1 and compensate for gaudy vesture by cheerful contentment4 ,wordsworth calls the daisy the poet's darling1 a nun demure1 a little ,cyclops1 an unassuming commonplace of nature1 and sums up its excellences in a verse which may fitly conclude our attempt to pluck a bouquet of fresh daisies from the poets3 ,sweet flower6 for by that name at last1 ,when all my reveries are past1 ,i call thee1 and to that cleave fast2 ,sweet silent creature6 ,that breath'st with me in sun and air1 ,do thou1 as thou art wont1 repair ,my heart with gladness1 and a share ,of thy meek nature6 --,a4,s4 ,isaacs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,coleridge ,,as ,a ,,plagiarist4 ,,something ,,childish ,,but ,,very ,,natural4 ,,written ,,in ,,germany #agih-ii4 ,if ,i had but two little wings1 ,and were a little feathery bird1 ,to you ,i'd fly1 my dear6 ,but thoughts like these are idle things1 ,and ,i stay here4 ,but in my sleep to you ,i fly3 ,i'm always with you in my sleep6 ,the world is all one's own4 ,but then one wakes1 and where am ,i8 ,all1 all alone4 ,sleep stays not1 though a monarch bids1 ,so ,i love to wake ere break of day3 ,for though my sleep be gone1 ,yet1 while tis dark1 one shuts one's lids1 ,and still dreams on4 ,thus much for ,coleridge4 ,now for his original3 ,were ,i a little bird1 ,had ,i two wings of mine1 ,i'd fly to my dear2 ,but that can never be1 ,so ,i stay here4 ,though ,i am far from thee1 ,sleeping ,i'm near to thee1 ,talk with my dear2 ,when ,i awake again1 ,i am alone4 ,scarce there's an hour in the night ,when sleep does not take its flight1 ,and ,i think of thee1 ,how many thousand times ,thou gav'st thy heart to me4 ,this1 says ,mr4 ,bayard ,taylor1 in the ,notes to his translation of ,faust1 this is an old song of the people of ,germany4 ,herder published it in his ,volkslieder1 in #aggi1 but it was no doubt familiar to ,goethe in his childhood4 ,the original melody1 to which it is still sung1 is as simple and sweet as the words4 ,,among ,,the ,,peruvians4 ,the extremes of civilization and barbarism are nearer together in those countries which the ,spaniards have wrested from their native inhabitants1 than in any other portion of the globe4 ,before other ,european races1 aboriginal tribes1 even the fiercest1 gradually disappear4 ,they hold their own before the descendants of the conquistadores1 who conquered the ,new ,world only to be conquered by it4 ,out of ,spain the ,spaniard deteriorates1 and nowhere so much as in ,south ,america4 ,of course he is superior there to the best of the ,indian tribes with which he is thrown in contact2 but we doubt whether he is superior to the intelligent1 but forgotten1 races which peopled the regions around him centuries before ,pizzaro set foot therein1 and which built enormous cities whose ruins have long been overgrown by forests4 ,to compare the ,spaniard of to-day1 in ,peru1 with its ancient ,incas is to do him no honor4 ,to be sure1 he is a good ,catholic1 which the ,incas were not1 but he is indolent1 enervated1 and enslaved by his own passions4 ,his religion has not done much for him--at least in this world1 whatever it may do in the next4 ,it has done still less1 if that be possible1 for the aboriginal ,peruvians4 ,in all parts of ,peru1 says a recent traveler1 except amongst the savage ,indian tribes1 ,christianity1 at least nominally prevails4 ,the aborigines1 however1 converted by the sword in the old days of ,spanish persecution1 do not1 as a rule1 seem to have more notion of that faith in the country parts1 than such as may be obtained from stray visits of some errant1 image-bearing friar1 whose principal object is to obtain sundry reals in consideration of prayers offered to his little idols4 ,these wandering ministers also distribute execrably colored prints of various saints1 besides having indulgences for sale4 ,as to the nature of the pious offerings from their disciples1 they are not at all particular4 ,they go upon the easy principle that all is fish that comes into their net4 ,if the ignorant and superstitious givers have not 'filthy lucre' wherewithal to propitiate the ugly represented saints1 wax candles1 silver ore1 cacao1 sugar1 and any other description of property is as readily received4 ,thus1 it often happens that these peripatetic friars have a long convoy of heavily-laden mules with which to gladden the members of their monastery when they return home4 ,illustration3 ,,fashionable ,,loungers ,,of ,,lima4 ,the priests in all parts of ,peru dress in a very extraordinary1 not to say outlandish manner4 ,one of the lower grade wears a very capacious shovel hat1 projecting as much in front as behind1 and looking very like a double-ended coal-heaver's hat4 ,a loose black serge robe covers him all over1 as with a funereal pall1 and being fastened together only at the neck1 gives to his often obese figure an appearance the very reverse of grave or serious3 ,the superior of a monastery1 or the priest in charge of a parish1 wears a more stately clerical costume4 ,his hat is of formidable dimensions--a huge1 flat1 ,chinese-umbrella-shaped sort of a concern1 which cannot be compared to anything else in creation4 ,he also affects ruffles and lace1 a long cassock1 and a voluminous cloak like many of those of ,geneva combined together2 black silk stockings and low shoes complete the clerical array of the higher ecclesiastics4 ,illustration3 ,,riding ,,and ,,full-,,dress ,,costume ,,of ,,the ,,peruvian ,,ladies4 ,quite as odd1 in their way1 as these good padres1 are the ,peruvian loungers1 the lions of ,lima--a long-haired1 becloaked1 truculent-looking set of fellows1 whose proper place would seem to be among operatic banditti4 ,a greater contrast and disparity than exists between them and the beautiful brunettes to whom they are fain to devote themselves1 cannot well be imagined4 ,that the latter generally prefer ,european gentlemen to these ill-favored beaux1 follows as a matter of course4 ,that the discarded lion resents this preference of his fair countrywomen1 we have the testimony of the traveler already quoted from4 ,instinctively1 as it were1 a feeling of dislike and rivalry seemed to prevail between ourselves and such of these truculent gentry as it was our fortune to come into contact with4 ,they were jealous1 no doubt1 of the wandering foreigners1 whom they chose contemptuously to term gringos1 but who1 they know well enough1 are infinitely preferred to themselves by their handsome coquettish countrywomen4 ,it is1 indeed1 notoriously the fact1 that any respectable man of ,european birth can marry well1 and even far above his own social position1 amongst the dark-eyed donnas of ,peru4 ,the men don't seem exactly to like it4 ,judging by their appearance1 we found but little difficulty in believing the character which report had given them--namely1 their proneness to assassination1 especially in love affairs1 either personally1 or1 more frequently1 by deputy4 ,if the brilliant creole and half-caste women of this warm1 tropical country1 are some of the most beautiful and lovable of the sex1 their sallow1 sinister-looking1 natural protectors are just the very opposite4 ,the singular difference in the moral and physical characteristics of the two sexes is something really remarkable1 and ,i1 for one1 cannot satisfactorily explain it to my own mind4 ,that such is the case ,i venture to affirm2 the why and the wherefore ,i must fain leave to wiser ethnological heads4 ,not less curious1 as regards costume1 are the ,peruvian ladies4 ,and1 as they are equestriennes1 we will describe their riding-habits in the words of the same traveler3 ,to commence at the top4 ,this riding dress consisted of a huge felt hat1 both tall and broad1 and generally ornamented with a plume of three great feathers sticking up in front4 ,next came an all-round sort of a cape1 of no shape in particular1 with a wide collar1 several rows of fringe1 much needle-work 7and corresponding waste of time upon so hideous a garment71 and of a length sufficient to reach below the waist1 and so completely hide and spoil the wearer's generally fine figure4 ,then came a short overskirt1 extending a little below the knees1 and beneath which appeared the fair senora or senorita's most unfeminine pantaloons1 which1 being carefully tied above the ankle in a frill1 were allowed to fully display that treasure of treasures1 that most valued of charms1 the beautiful little foot and ankle4 ,in addition to this absurd dress1 which conceals the graceful form of perhaps the handsomest race of women in the world1 the fair creatures have a style of riding which1 to ,europeans accustomed to the side-saddle1 certainly seems more peculiar than elegant2 that is to say1 they ride a la ,duchesse de ,berri--,anglice1 like a man4 ,the full dress1 or evening costume1 in the provinces1 seemed simply an exaggeration upon that of the towns--the crinoline being more extensive1 the petticoats shorter1 and the dressing of the hair still more wonderful and elaborate4 ,illustration3 ,,young ,,mestizo ,,woman4 ,,middle-,,aged ,,limena4 ,among the mestizos1 half-castes1 of white and ,indian origin the women are often very beautiful1 especially when the blood of the latter prevails4 ,they are1 we are told1 the best-looking of all the ,peruvian women1 possessing brilliantly fair complexions1 magnificent long black tresses1 lithe and graceful figures of exquisite proportions1 regular and classic features1 and the most superb great black eyes4 ,though often glorious in youth1 these dark-skinned1 passionate daughters of the sunny ,pacific shore soon begin to fade4 ,although their scant costume and the manto y saya--the dress favored at night--serve only to expose and display the charming contour of their youthful form1 as the years roll on and rob them of these alluring attractions1 the simple array becomes ugly and ridiculous4 ,often did we laugh at the absurd figure presented by some stout1 middle-aged half-caste1 or a good many more caste1 lady1 clad in her manto y saya4 ,especially ludicrous did these staid females appear when viewed from behind4 ,the ,peruvian negress1 of elderly years1 compares not unfavorably with her whiter ,spanish sister of the same age4 ,both display inordinate vanity1 which consorts ill with the brawny calves and large feet they cannot help showing on account of their short though voluminous skirts1 and both have a womanly love of jewelry4 ,they manifest a very apparent weakness for all sorts of glittering ornaments1 especially in the way of numerous rings1 huge ear-rings1 and mighty necklaces4 ,indeed1 it is not at all uncommon to see pearls 7their favorite gem7 of great value1 rising and falling1 and gleaming with incongruous lustre1 upon their bare1 black1 and massive bosoms2 whilst ear-rings of solid gold hang glittering from their large ears1 in singular contrast to their common and dirty clothing4 ,except for the occasional excitement of theatre1 cock-fight1 or bull-fight1 and the regular attendance at mass and vespers1 the life of the higher class ,limena is a dreamy existence of languor1 amidst siestas1 cigarettes1 agua-rica1 and jasmine perfumes1 the tinkling of guitars1 and the melody of song4 ,alas6 that ,i must record it2 she is1 too1 a terrible intriguante4 ,the manto y saya1 the bete noir of many a poor jealous husband1 seems a garment for disguise1 invented on purpose to oblige her4 ,it is the very thing for an intriguing dame2 and1 by a stringent custom1 bears a sacred inviolate right1 for no man dare profane it by a touch1 although he may even suspect the bright black eye1 it may alone allow to be seen1 to be that of his own wife6 ,he can follow1 if he likes1 the graceful1 muffled up figure that he dreads to be so familiar1 but woe to the wretch who dares to pull aside a fair ,limena's manto6 ,if seen1 he would surely experience the resentment of the crowd1 and become a regular laughing-stock to all who knew him4 ,but let us be just to the women of ,peru1 who1 in the matter of flirting and fondness for finery1 are probably not worse than the sex elsewhere4 ,they love where they love with a fervor unknown to the women of ,europe1 their ,spanish sisters1 perhaps1 excepted1 and they are capable of profound patriotism4 ,illustration3 ,,peruvian ,,priests4 ,there is an element of real strength in the wild1 stormy nature of these beautiful and impassioned creatures3 it is their misfortune not to know how to hide their weaknesses as well as their more sophisticated sisters4 ,the tide of time flows so smoothly with them1 through such level summer landscapes steeped in tropical repose1 that the desire for excitement naturally arises1 and excitement itself becomes a necessity4 ,lacking many of the indoor employments of the women of colder climates1 time hangs heavy on their hands1 idleness wearies1 and they cast about for a way in which to amuse1 enjoy1 and distract themselves4 ,they find it in love4 ,if no ,european is near upon whom they can bestow their smiles and the lustre of their magnificent eyes1 they have to be content with their own countrymen1 who woo them after the fashion of their ,spanish ancestors1 by serenades at night1 in which the strumming of guitars generally plays a more important part than the words it accompanies4 ,while we are among the ,peruvians1 we must not entirely overlook their country1 and the features of its varied landscapes4 ,it is divided by the ,andes into three different lands1 so to speak1 ,la ,costa1 the region between the coast and the ,andes2 ,la ,sierra1 the mountain region1 and ,la ,montana1 or the wooded region east of the ,andes4 ,la ,costa1 in which ,lima is situated1 at the distance of about six miles from the sea1 may be briefly described as a sandy desert1 interspersed with fertile valleys1 and watered by several rivers of no great magnitude4 ,it seldom or never rains there1 but there are heavy dews at night which freshen and preserve the vegetation4 ,the magnificence of the mountain region baffles all attempts at word-painting1 as it baffles the art of the painter4 ,church1 the artist1 gives us what is1 perhaps1 the best representation we are ever likely to have of it1 but it is only a glimpse after all4 ,still more indescribable1 if that be possible1 are the enormous wildernesses which stretch from the ,andes to the vast pampas to the eastward4 ,here everything is on ,nature's great scale4 ,the whole country is one continuous forest1 which1 beginning at very different heights1 presents an undulating aspect4 ,one moves on his way with trees before1 above1 and beneath him1 in a deep abyss like the ocean4 ,and in these woods1 as on the immensity of the waters1 the mind is bewildered2 whatever way it directs the eye there it meets the majesty of the ,infinite4 ,the marvels of ,nature are in these regions so common that one becomes accustomed to behold1 without emotion1 trees whose tops exceed the height of #ajj varas 7#bij ,english feet71 with a proportionate thickness1 beyond the belief of such as never saw them2 and1 supporting on their trunks a hundred different plants1 they1 individually1 present rather the appearance of a small plantation than one great tree4 ,it is only after you leave the woods1 and ordinary objects of comparison present themselves to the mind1 that you can realize in thought the colossal stature of these samples of ,montana vegetation4 ,peru is a fitting theatre for the great dramas which have been played upon its wild1 mountainous stage4 ,the dark background of its past is haunted by the shadows of the unknown race who built its ruined cities and temples4 ,then come the beneficent1 heavenly ,incas1 and the mild1 pastoral people over whom they rule4 ,last1 the cruel1 treacherous ,spaniard1 slaughtering his friendly hosts with one hand1 while the other holds the ,bible to their lips6 ,,the ,,old ,,maid',s ,,village4 ,i had been passing the summer on the banks of the ,hudson--in that charmed region which lies about what was once the home of ,diedrich ,knickerbocker1 with the enchanted ground of ,sleepy ,hollow on the one hand1 and the shrine of ,sunnyside on the other4 ,in many happy morning walks and peaceful twilight rambles1 ,i had made the acquaintance of every winding lane1 every shaded avenue1 every bosky dell and sunny glade for miles around4 ,i had wandered hither and thither1 through all the golden season1 and fairly steeped my soul in the beauty1 the languor1 the poetry of the ,irving country2 and now1 filled1 as it were1 with rare wine1 content and happy1 ,i was ready to return to the town1 and take up the matter-of-fact habit of life again4 ,but even on the last day of my sojourn1 when my trunks stood packed and corded1 and the loins of my spirit were girt for departure on the morrow2 as ,i stood at my window somewhat pensively contemplating1 for the last time1 the peculiarly delicious river-bit which it framed1 the door opened suddenly1 and ,nannette1 my fidus ,achates1 and the companion of my summer1 ran in4 ,do you know1 she cried1 ,i have just learned that we were about to leave the place without visiting one of its greatest curiosities8 ,we have narrowly escaped going without having seen the ',old ,maid's ,village6' ,the ',old ,maid's ,village6' ,i echoed1 stupidly4 ,but what village is not the peculiar property of the race8 ,yes1 ,i know2 but this village is really built on an old maid's property1 and by her own hands4 ,and there is the ',cat's ,monument1' too4 ,come6 don't stop to talk about it1 but let us go and see it4 ,it will be just the thing for a last evening2 in memoriam1 you know1 and all that4 ,get on your hat1 and come1 and we shall see the sunset meeting the moonrise on the river once more1 as we return4 ,that1 at least1 was always worth seeing1 ,i reflected2 and so1 without more ado1 ,i put on my wraps as ,i was bid1 and reported myself under marching orders4 ,how lovely1 how indescribably lovely1 the world was that ,september afternoon1 as we strolled along the shaded sidewalk where the maples were already laying a mosaic of gold and garnet1 and looked off toward the river and the hills beyond--the far blue hills--all veiled in tenderest amber mist6 ,the very air was full of soft1 warm color2 the sunbeams1 mild and level now1 played with the shadows across our path1 and every now and then a leaf1 flecked with orange or crimson1 fluttered to our feet4 ,the blue-birds sang in the goldening boughs1 unaffrighted by the constant roll of elegant equipages in which1 at this hour1 the residents of the stately mansions on either side the road were taking the air2 and the crickets hopped about undisturbed in the crevices of the gray stone walls4 ,we walked leisurely on1 past one and another lofty gateway1 until presently reaching an entrance rather less assuming than its neighbors1 but1 like them1 hospitably open1 ,nannette said1 with promptness3 ,this is the place1 ,i am sure4 ,square white house2 black railing2 next to the printing-press man's great gate4 ,come right in2 all are welcome1 and not even thank you to pay1 for one never sees anyone to speak to here4 ,it seemed to my modesty rather an audacious proceeding1 but trusting to my companion's superior information1 ,i followed her in1 and we walked up a circular carriage-drive through smooth shaven lawns dotted with brilliant clumps of salvia and gladiolus1 towards the house--a square1 solid structure1 white1 and with broad verandas running across its front4 ,at its northern side1 sloping towards the wall1 was visible what looked like an ordinary terrace1 rather low1 and ornamented with small shrubs and grotto-work2 but which1 on nearer approach1 proved to be a veritable village in miniature1 constructed with a verisimilitude of design1 and a fidelity to detail1 which was at once in the highest degree amazing and amusing4 ,as ,nannette had been assured1 no one appeared to interfere with us in any way1 and full of a curious wonder at such a manifestation of eccentric ingenuity1 we seated ourselves upon a wooden box1 evidently kept more for the purpose of protecting the odd out-of-door plaything in bad weather1 and proceeded to give it the minute inspection which it merited2 the result of which ,i chronicle here for the benefit of the like curious minded4 ,the terrace1 which forms the site of this doll-baby city1 is low and semi-circular in shape1 and separated from the graveled drive by a close border of box4 ,within this protecting hedge the ground is laid out in the most picturesque and fantastic manner compatible with a scale of extreme minuteness4 ,winding roads1 shady bye-paths ending in rustic stiles1 willow-bordered ponds1 streams with fairy bridges1 rocky ravines and sunny meadows1 ferny dells1 and steep hills clambered over with a wilderness of tangled vines1 and strewn with lichen-covered stones--all are there1 and all reproduced with the most conscientious fidelity to nature1 and with ,lilliputian diminutiveness4 ,regular streets1 macadamized with a gray cement which gives very much the effect of asphaltum1 separate one demesne from another2 and each meadow1 lawn1 field1 and barn-yard has its own proper fence or wall1 constructed in the most workmanlike manner4 ,the streets are bordered by trees1 principally evergreens1 which1 though rigidly kept down to the height of mere shrubs1 appear stately by the side of the miniature mansions they overlook2 and1 in every dooryard1 or more pretentious greensward1 tiny larches1 pines yet in their babyhood1 and dwarfed cedars1 cast a mimic shade1 and bestow an air of dignity and venerableness to the place4 ,the first object upon which the eye is apt to rest on approaching this modern ,lilliput is the squire's house1 the residence of the landed proprietor4 ,this is a handsome edifice of some eight by ten inches in breadth and height4 ,it stands upon an eminence in the midst of ornamented grounds1 and with its white walls1 its lofty cupola1 and high1 square portico1 presents a properly imposing appearance4 ,there are signs of social life about the mansion befitting its own style of conscious superiority4 ,in the wide arched entrance hall stands a high-born dame attired in gay ,watteau costume--red-heeled slippers1 brocaded petticoat1 and bodice and train of puce-colored satin4 ,she is receiving the adieux of an elegant gentleman1 hatted1 booted1 and spurred1 who1 with whip in hand and dog by his side1 is about to descend the steps and mount his horse for a ride over his estate4 ,a bird-cage swings by an open window1 and1 on the lawn1 a group of children1 in charge of their nurse1 are engaged in the time-honored game of ,ring-around-a-rosy4 ,winding walks1 bordered with shrubbery1 disappear among fantastic mounds of rock-work1 moss-grown grottoes1 and tiny dells of fern2 and under a ruined arch1 gray with lichen and green with vines1 flows a placid streamlet1 spanned by a rustic bridge4 ,in the meadow beyond1 flocks of sheep are cropping the grass1 and an old negro is busily engaged in repairing a breach in the stone wall4 ,hard by this stately demesne is a humbler tenement1 built of wattled logs1 but showing signs of comfort and thrift all about it4 ,the old grandsire sits in a high-backed chair1 sunning himself in front of the door2 on a bench1 at the side of the house1 stand rows of washtubs filled with soiled linen1 and a woman is busy wringing out clothes2 while another1 with a bucket on her head1 goes to the well to supply her with a fresh thimbleful of water2 and still a third milks a handsome dapple-gray cow in the yard where the dairy stands4 ,there is a well-filled barn behind1 with another cow and a horse1 too1 for that matter1 in the stable attached1 and the farmer1 who is putting the last sheaf on his wheat-stack1 looks contented enough with his lot4 ,just beyond the stream1 on whose bank the fisherman sits leisurely dropping his line1 stands the village church2 a fac-simile of the old ,dutch ,church which has stood near the entrance of ,sleepy ,hollow since long before the ,revolution1 and is hallowed now not only by the pious associations of centuries1 but by the near vicinage of ,irving's grave4 ,in its little twelve-inch counterpart1 every point of the ancient structure is preserved in exact detail4 ,the dull red walls1 the beetling roof1 the narrow pointed windows and low1 arched door2 the quaint ,dutch weathercock1 and odd-shaped tower--aye1 even the bell within1 no bigger than a doll's thimble--and upon all a sentimental traveler in the person of a china figure perhaps three inches in height1 is gazing half pensively1 half curiously1 as we suppose1 at this relic of by-gone years6 ,on the other side of the stream the village school1 likewise an ancient and steeple-crowned edifice1 stands out in the midst of a bare and clean swept playground4 ,it bears its signature upon its front3 ,,district ,,school1 ,,no4 #b1 and its worshipful character is otherwise indicated by the presence of the master1 a venerable looking puppet in cocked hat and knee-breeches1 in the doorway1 and sundry china children playing rather stiffly about the stone steps4 ,ascending by a steep1 rocky path1 one arrives at a rather pretentious looking wind-mill1 which spreads its wide white arms protectingly over the cottages below4 ,barrels of flour and sacks of meal1 well filled and plentiful in number1 attest its thriving business1 and the miller himself1 in a properly dusty coat1 looks about him with contented air4 ,at the foot of the hill upon which the mill is perched1 are several dwellings--all showing signs of more or less prosperous life1 with the exception of one1 which affords the orthodox haunted house belonging to every well-regulated village4 ,the ruined walls of this old mansion1 with lichen cropping out from every crevice2 the unhinged doors and broken windows2 the ladder rotting as it leans against the moss-grown roof1 the broken well-sweep and deserted barn1 offer an aspect of desolation and decay which should prove sufficient bait to tempt any ghost of moderate demands4 ,in direct contrast to the gloom which surrounds this now empty and forsaken home1 one observes1 in a shady grove surmounting a ridge of hills which rise somewhat steeply here from the roadway1 a party of pic-nickers gaily attired and disporting themselves after the time-honored manner of such merry-makers2 swinging1 dancing1 or1 better still1 strolling off arm in arm1 in search of cooler shades1 and of that company which is never a crowd4 ,at the base of this rocky ridge1 the same stream which one meets above flowing darkly under arch and bridge1 winds placidly along in sunshine and shadow until it loses itself in a clump of alders and willows quite at the edge of the box-bordered terrace2 and here the village ends4 ,not so my sketch3 for ,i have purposely left it to the last to make mention of the great central idea round which all the rest is gathered1 and which1 doubtless1 formed the germ of the whole oddly-conceived1 but most admirably-executed plan4 ,this is the ,cat's ,monument of which ,nannette had made mention1 and which is a structure so original and imposing that it deserves special and minute description4 ,about midway the terrace1 and conspicuous from its size and height1 rises a mound of earth shaped into the semblance of an urn or vase1 crusted thickly with bits of rock1 moss1 and pebbles1 and overgrown with a tangle of tiny vines4 ,surmounting this picturesque pedestal is an obelisk of black-veined marble on a granite base1 the whole rising some seven feet from the ground4 ,on the polished surface of this memorial pillar is inscribed1 in large black capitals1 the following classic and touching tribute to the venerable departed who sleeps in peace below3 ,,in ,,memoriam ,,tommy ,,felini ,,generis ,,optimus4 ,,decessit ,a ,,vita ,,mense ,,novembris ,,anno ,,aetatis #ai4 99 99 99 99 99 ,quid me ploras8 ,nonne decessi gravis senectute8 ,nonne vivo amicorum ardentium memoria8 99 99 99 99 99 ,on the reverse side of the column appears an inscription even more pathetic and poetic1 to yet another departed favorite1 who seems1 not like ,tommy to have been gathered to his fathers ripe in years and honors but to have been cut down in the bloom of youth by some untimely and tragic fate4 ,he is all the more felin'ly lamented3 ,,hic ,,jacet ,,pussy ,,sui ,,generis ,,pulcherrimus4 ,,occisus ,,est ,,mense ,,aprilis ,,aetat4 #i4 99 99 99 99 99 ,vixi1 et quum dederat cursum fortuna1 peregi4 ,felix6 heu nimium felix6 si litora ista nunquam tetigissem6 99 99 99 99 99 ,thanks to certain by no means homoeopathic doses of the ,latin grammar in my early years1 ,i was able to gather the meaning of these elegiac effusions1 and when the last stanza embodying poor ,pussy's posthumous wail was discovered to be none other than the despairing death-cry of the infelix ,dido as immortalized by ,virgil--the one step from the sublime to the ridiculous seemed to have been passed4 ,i looked at ,nannette1 and ,nannette looked at me1 and we burst into silent but irrepressible laughter4 ,nannette was the first to recover herself4 ,we ought to be ashamed of ourselves1 said she severely3 ,honest grief is always respectable2 and a fitting tribute to departed worth1 no more than what is due from the survivors4 ,i have no doubt but that ,tommy and ,pussy were most esteemed members of society1 and that their loss has left an aching void in the family of which they were the youngest and most petted darlings4 ,i have heard the history of this monument1 and the village that has grown up around it1 and if you will comport yourself more as a ,christian being should in the presence of a solemn memorial1 ,i will relate to you the interesting facts in my possession4 ,i immediately signified a due contrition and full purpose of amendment2 when ,nannette continued1 still speaking with the gravity befitting the subject4 ,this estate then1 this large and respectable mansion1 and these pleasant grounds in which we now sit1 are the property in common of three most estimable ladies1 all past their first youth1 and all possessed of sufficient good sense and strength of mind to remain their own mistresses1 which has procured for the very remarkable specimen of ingenuity now before us1 from some ignorant townspeople1 the sobriquet of the ',old ,maid's ,village4' ,there is only one of the ladies1 however1 ,i am informed1 who interests herself in the construction of these most ingenious toys4 ,possessed of ample means1 and more than ample leisure1 she amuses herself in hours which might otherwise be devoted to gossip and tea1 in putting together these various models of buildings1 all differing in style1 and of most singular materials4 ,the church1 for instance1 is built of fragments of clinker1 gathered from stove and grate1 and held firmly together by cement4 ,nothing could have reproduced so exactly the rough reddish stone of which the old ,sleepy ,hollow ,church is built4 ,the window-glass is represented by carefully framed pieces of tin foil2 the gray stone of the gate-posts is imitated by sand rubbed on wooden pillars with a coating of cement4 ,the streets are paved in much the same clever fashion4 ,the well1 the pond1 the stream1 are filled with water each day by the chatelaine's own careful hands4 ,many of the mimic creatures1 human and otherwise1 are automata1 manufactured to order2 the others are wooden or china figures selected with extreme care as to their fitness for their purpose4 ,so rare and so exceedingly pretty are some of these little figures1 that they have become objects of unlawful desire to certain soulless curiosity-mongers1 who have rewarded an open and confiding hospitality with base attempts at spoliation2 and now a person is employed to live in the cottage just beyond us1 and do little else than take care of these unique possessions4 ,no1 you need not start4 ,the woman is probably there at her post1 and surveying our operations from time to time4 ,but we have behaved like decent people4 ,we are taking away nothing but a remembrance of a singularly interesting hour1 and an admiring impression of the originality1 the ingenuity1 the industry1 and the independence of one of our own sex4 ,is it not so1 my friend8 ,and now1 by the length of those cedar shadows1 it is time for us to rise up and be gone4 ,else the moonlight will have met and parted with the sunset ere we reach home4 ,there was nothing to be said2 the tale had been told1 and with one last1 lingering glance1 one parting smile1 half amused1 half touched1 ,i rose1 and together we walked home in somewhat pensive mood4 ,was it not our last day in ,fairyland8--,kate ,j4 ,hill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wine ,,and ,,kisses4 ,,translated ,,from ,,the ,,persian ,,of ,,mirtsa ,,schaffy4 ,the lover may be shy-- ,his bashfulness goes by ,when first he kisses4 ,the bibber1 though so staid1 ,gets bravely unafraid ,when wine his bliss is4 ,yet he who1 in his youth1 ,no wine nor kiss hath tasted4 ,will some day think1 in truth1 ,that half his joys were wasted4 --,joel ,benton4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i have heard it asked why we speak of the dead with unqualified praise3 of the living1 always with certain reservations4 ,it may be answered1 because we have nothing to fear from the former1 while the latter may stand in our way3 so impure is our boasted solicitude for the memory of the dead4 ,if it were the sacred and earnest feeling we pretend1 it would strengthen and animate our intercourse with the living4--,goethe4 ,,the ,,queen',s ,,closet4 ,did anybody ever see a fairy in the city8 ,was a glimpse ever caught of ,fairyland there8 ,i say ,no4 ,but ,i was in the country this summer where a great number of mushrooms grew1 and one day when ,i was walking in a grassy lane ,i met a little1 old queen1 who was fanning herself with the leaf of the poor-man's-weather-glass2 she had taken off her crown1 and it was lying on the top of a lovely red mushroom4 ,i poked the mushroom with my parasol1 and instantly felt on my face a faint puff of air1 and heard a hum no louder than the buzz of an angry fly4 ,i sat down on the grass1 and then my eyes fell on the queen4 ,you have let my crown fall in the dirt1 she said1 tossing a wisp of hair from her forehead2 but you great1 insensible beings are always in mischief when you are in the country4 ,why don't you stay at home1 in your brick cages that stand on heaps of flat stones8 ,you are watched there all the time by creatures with clubs in their leather belts1 so you cannot tear and crush things to pieces as you do here4 ,oh1 ,i am so sorry1 madam1 ,i answered2 if you knew how unhappy ,i felt this morning when ,i started on my last walk1 you would pity me4 ,i must go home at once1 and my home is in the city--shut in by houses before and behind it4 ,if ,i look out of the window1 ,i only see a strip of sky above me1 where neither sun nor moon passes on its journey round the world2 and below me1 only the stone pavement over which goes an endless procession of men and women1 upon a hundred errands ,i never guess at4 ,the queen tapped her head with a white stick like a peeled twig1 and made such a noise that ,i examined it1 and saw an ivory knob1 which reminded me of the budding horns of a young deer4 ,as if in answer to my thought1 she said3 ,it drops off every year4 ,in the fairy-nature all elements are united4 ,we partake of the animal and vegetable kingdoms1 and add our own2 this makes us what we are4 ,we do not suffer1 but we experience1 without suffering1 of course2 our long lives glide along like dreams4 ,as you are in sleep1 so are we awake4 ,if you love the country1 which contains our kingdom1 as the filbert-shell contains the kernel1 ,i will endow you with power4 ,i will give you something to take back with you4 ,what do you think she gave me8 ,a little closet with shelves2 on each shelf were laid away all my remembrances of the summer1 for me to unfold at leisure4 ,when she gave me the key1 which looked exactly like a steel pen1 she said3 ,when you turn the key you will understand my power4 ,all things will be alive1 will know as much1 and talk as fast as you do4 ,the closet1 in short1 is but a wee corner of my kingdom1 where to-day and to-morrow are the same--past and present one4 ,a maid-of-honor wishes to go to town4 ,i'll send her in the closet4 ,my slave1 the geometrical spider1 must spin her a warm cobweb--and when you open the closet1 be sure and not disturb my little ,fancie4 ,some way ,queen ,imagin disappeared then4 ,to any person less knowing than myself1 it would have seemed as if a dandelion ball was floating in the air2 but ,i knew better1 and ,i watched her sailing1 sailing away till lost behind the trees4 ,the crown was gone1 too2 ,i discovered nothing in the neighborhood of the red mushroom1 except a tiny yellow blossom already wilted by the heat of the sun4 ,well1 ,i am at home4 ,i sit down this misty autumn morning in my lonely room1 and wish for some work or if not that1 for something to play with4 ,i am too old for dolls1 but very young in the way of amusement4 ,ah--the closet6 ,i'll unlock that2 the key is at hand--in my writing-desk4 ,open ,sesame6 ,on the top shelf sits little ,fancie1 her eyes shining like diamonds in her soft1 dusky cobweb4 ,she nods1 so do ,i1 and we are in ,greenside again--on a summer evening4 ,how the crickets sing2 and the tree-toads harp in the trees as if they were a picket guard entirely surrounding us4 ,hueston's big dog barks in the lane at just the right distance4 ,what security ,i used to feel when ,i was a little child1 tucked away in my bed1 and heard a dog bark a mile away2 too far off ever to come up and bite1 and yet near enough to frighten prowling robbers6 ,when in the breeze the distant watch-dog bayed1 ,i was about to say2 but ,polly1 who is at ,greenside with me1 calls1 ,just hear the mosquitoes4 ,the blinds must be closed4 ,what a delicious smell comes in6 ,the dew wetting all the shrubs and flowers distils sweet odors4 ,what a family of moths have rushed in2 this big1 brown one1 with white and red markings1 is very enterprising4 ,he has voyaged twice down the lamp chimney1 as if it were the funnel of a steamship4 ,get out1 moth6 ,sho1 she answers in a husky voice1 as if very dry1 ,it is my nature to2 that's all you know1 turning us to moral purposes1 and making us a tiresome metaphor4 ,we are much like you human creatures--only we don't compare ourselves continually with others4 ,we just scorch ourselves as we please4 ,my cousin1 ,noctilia ,glow-worm1 who is out late o' nights on the grass-bank in poor company--the ,katydids1 who board for the season with the widow ,poplar--a two-sided1 deceitful woman--she does not care where ,i go1 and never shrieks out1 ',a burnt moth dreads the lamp chimney4' ,if she sees me wingless1 she coughs1 and throws out a green light1 but says nothing4 ,don't mind me2 there's more coming4 ,it can't be moths making such a noise on the second shelf4 ,it is ,tom1 who calls out to us1 from his room1 to come1 and help him catch a bat4 ,now air is hushed1 save where the weak-eyed bat ,with short shrill shriek flits by on leathern wings4 ,always mouthing something1 somebody mutters4 ,but we rush into ,tom's room1 and behold him in the middle of the floor1 flopping north and south1 east and west1 with a towel4 ,no bat is to be seen4 ,i hear a pretty singing1 however1 and declare it to be from a young swallow fallen down the chimney2 but as there is no fire-place in the room1 my opinion goes for nothing4 ,tom maintains that it is a bat2 that it flew in by the window2 and that it is behind the bureau4 ,he is right1 for the bat whirrs up to the ceiling and from that height accosts us in a squeaking voice3 ,i am weak-eyed1 am ,i8 and my wings are leathery8 ,catch me1 and you will find my wings are like down1 my eyes as bright as diamonds4 ,how much you know1 writing yourselves down in books as ,naturalists6 ,my name is ,vespertila2 my family are from ,servia1 at your service4 ,could you offer me a fly1 or a beetle8 ,i was chasing ,judge ,blue ,bottle1 or ,i should not have been trapped4 ,go to sleep1 dears1 and leave me to fan you4 ,when you are asleep1 ,i'll bite a hole in your ear1 and sup bountifully on your red blood4 ,flop went our towels1 and down went ,miss ,vespertila behind the bed crying4 ,polly crept up to her2 and caught her in a towel4 ,what black beads of eyes had ,miss ,vespertila from ,servia1 where her grandfather1 ,general ,vampire1 still commands a brigade of rascals6 ,her teeth were sharp1 and white as pearls4 ,polly held her up1 and she cunningly combed her furry wings with her hind feet1 and said3 ,polly1 dear1 ,i itch dreadfully2 do you mind plain speaking8 ,i am full of bat lice4 ,ariel caught them1 and the folks say that ,queen ,mab often buys fine combs-- ,slanderer6 cried ,polly1 fly to your witch home6 ,she shook the towel out of the window1 and the bat soared away4 ,what's coming next8 we all asked4 ,there are the rabbits to hear from1 the pigeons1 the sparrows1 the mole1 and the striped snake who lives by the garden gate8 ,slap1 ,bang6 ,fancie has pulled the door to4 ,the cunning ,queen ,imagin placed her in the closet1 perhaps for this purpose4 ,but ,i have the key4 ,i shall unlock it to-morrow1 for ,i must have the picnic over again1 under the beech tree1 where the brown thrush built her nest1 and reared her young ones1 who ate our crumbs1 and chirped merrily when we laughed4--,lolly ,dinks's ,mother4 99 99 99 99 99 ,doth a man reproach thee for being proud or ill-natured1 envious or conceited1 ignorant or detractive1 consider with thyself whether his reproaches be true4 ,if they are not1 consider that thou art not the person whom he reproaches1 but that he reviles an imaginary being1 and perhaps loves what thou really art1 although he hates what thou appearest to be4 ,if his reproaches are true1 if thou art the envious1 ill-natured man he takes thee for1 give thyself another turn1 become mild1 affable and obliging1 and his reproaches of thee naturally cease4 ,his reproaches may indeed continue1 but thou art no longer the person he reproaches4--,epictetus4 ,,literature4 ,of the making of many books there is no end1 said the ,wise ,man of old4 ,of the making of good books there is frequently an end1 say we4 ,the good books of one year may be counted on the fingers of one hand4 ,among those of the present year none ranks higher than ,taine's ,art in ,greece1 a translation of which1 by ,mr4 ,john ,durand1 is published by ,messrs4 ,holt ,williams4 ,the ,french are a nation of critics1 and ,taine is the critic of the ,french4 ,this could not have been said with truth during the lifetime of ,sainte-,beuve1 but since his death it is true4 ,there is nothing1 apparently1 which ,taine is not competent to criticise1 so subtle is his intellect1 and so wide the range of his studies1 but what he is most competent to criticise is ,art4 ,we have heard great things of a ,history of ,english ,literature by him1 but as it has not yet appeared in an ,english dress 7although ,messrs4 ,holt ,williams have a translation of it in press7 we shall reserve our decision until it appears4 ,art1 it seems to us1 is the specialty to which ,taine has devoted himself1 with the enthusiasm peculiar to his countrymen1 and a thoroughness peculiar to himself4 ,others may have accumulated greater stores of art-knowledge--the knowledge indispensable to the historian of ,art1 and the biographer of artists--but none has so saturated himself with the spirit of ,art as ,taine4 ,we may not always agree with him1 but he is always worth listening to1 and what he says is worthy of our serious consideration4 ,we think he is too philosophical sometimes1 but then the fault may be in us4 ,it may be that we are so accustomed to the materialism of the ,english critics that we fail1 at first1 to apprehend the spirituality of this most refined and refining of ,frenchmen4 ,no ,english critic could have written his ,art in ,greece1 because no ,english critic could put himself in his place4 ,we know what the ,english think of ,greek ,art1 or may1 with a little reading3 what ,taine thinks of it is--that it is what it is1 simply because the ,greeks were what they were4 ,before he tells us what ,greek ,art is1 he tells us what the ,greeks were4 ,nor does he stop here1 but goes on to tell us1 or rather begins by telling us1 what kind of a country it was in which they dwelt1 what skies shone over them1 what mountains looked down upon them1 in the shadow of what trees they walked within sight of the wine-dark sea4 ,he begins at the beginning1 as the children say4 ,whether he succeeds in convincing us that it was ,greece alone which made the ,greeks what they were1 depends somewhat upon the cast of our minds1 and somewhat upon our power to resist his eloquence4 ,we think1 ourselves1 that he lays too much stress upon the mere outward environment of the ,grecian people4 ,the influence exercised over their lives1 by the ,institutions which grew up out of these lives--the influence1 in short1 of their purely physical culture--is admirably described1 as is also the difference between this culture and ours3 ,modern people are ,christian1 and ,christianity is a religion of second growth which opposes natural instinct4 ,we may liken it to a violent contraction which has inflected the primitive attitude of the human mind4 ,it proclaims1 in effect1 that the world is sinful1 and that man is depraved--which certainly is indisputable in the century in which it was born4 ,according to it1 man must change his ways4 ,life here below is simply an exile2 let us turn our eyes upward to our celestial home4 ,our natural character is vicious2 let us stifle natural desires and mortify the flesh4 ,the experience of our senses and the knowledge of the wise are inadequate and delusive2 let us accept the light of revelation1 faith and divine illumination4 ,through penitence1 renunciation and meditation let us develop within ourselves the spiritual man2 let our life be an ardent awaiting of deliverance1 a constant sacrifice of will1 an undying yearning for ,god1 a revery of sublime love1 occasionally rewarded with ecstasy and a vision of the infinite4 ,for fourteen centuries the ideal of this life was the anchorite or monk4 ,if you would estimate the power of such a conception and the grandeur of the transformation it imposes on human faculties and habits1 read1 in turn1 the great ,christian poem and the great pagan poem1 one the ',divine ,comedy' and the other the ',odyssey' and the ',iliad4' ,dante has a vision and is transported out of our little ephemeral sphere into eternal regions2 he beholds its tortures1 its expiations and its felicities2 he is affected by superhuman anguish and horror2 all that the infuriate and subtle imagination of the lover of justice and the executioner can conceive of he sees1 suffers and sinks under4 ,he then ascends into light2 his body loses its gravity2 he floats involuntarily1 led by the smile of a radiant woman2 he listens to souls in the shape of voices and to passing melodies2 he sees choirs of angels1 a vast rose of living brightness representing the virtues and the celestial powers2 sacred utterances and the dogmas of truth reverberate in ethereal space4 ,at this fervid height1 where reason melts like wax1 both symbol and apparition1 one effacing the other1 merge into mystic bewilderment1 the entire poem1 infernal or divine1 being a dream which begins with horrors and ends in ravishment4 ,how much more natural and healthy is the spectacle which ,homer presents6 ,we have the ,troad1 the isle of ,ithica and the coasts of ,greece2 still at the present day we follow in his track2 we recognize the forms of mountains1 the color of the sea2 the jutting fountains1 the cypress and the alders in which the sea-birds perched2 he copied a steadfast and persistent nature3 with him throughout we plant our feet on the firm ground of truth4 ,his book is a historical document2 the manners and customs of his contemporaries were such as he describes2 his ,olympus itself is a ,greek family4 ,the manifest inferiority of our mixed languages to their one simple language is stated in the following paragraph1 with which we must leave ,taine for the present3 ,almost the whole of our philosophic and scientific vocabulary is foreign2 we are obliged to know ,greek and ,latin to make use of it properly1 and1 most frequently1 employ it badly4 ,innumerable terms find their way out of this technical vocabulary into common conversation and literary style1 and hence it is that we now speak and think with words cumbersome and difficult to manage4 ,we adopt them ready made and conjoined1 we repeat them according to routine2 we make use of them without considering their scope and without a nice appreciation of their sense2 we only approximate to that which we would like to express4 ,fifteen years are necessary for an author to learn to write1 not with genius1 for that is not to be acquired1 but with clearness1 sequence1 propriety and precision4 ,he finds himself obliged to weigh and investigate ten or twelve thousand words and diverse expressions1 to note their origin1 filiation and relationships1 to rebuild on an original plan1 his ideas and his whole intellect4 ,if he has not done it1 and he wishes to reason on rights1 duties1 the beautiful1 the ,state or any other of man's important interests1 he gropes about and stumbles2 he gets entangled in long1 vague phrases1 in sonorous common-places1 in crabbed and abstract formulas4 ,look at the newspapers and the speeches of our popular orators4 ,it is especially the case with workmen who are intelligent but who have had no classical education2 they are not masters of words1 and1 consequently1 of ideas2 they use a refined language which is not natural to them2 it is a perplexity to them and consequently confuses their minds2 they have had no time to filter it drop by drop4 ,this is an enormous disadvantage1 from which the ,greeks were exempt4 ,there was no break with them between the language of concrete facts and that of abstract reasoning1 between the language spoken by the people and that of the learned2 the one was a counterpart of the other2 there was no term in any of ,plato's dialogues which a youth1 leaving his gymnasia1 could not comprehend2 there is not a phrase in any of ,demosthenes' harangues which did not readily find a lodging-place in the brain of an ,athenian peasant or blacksmith4 ,attempt to translate into ,greek one of ,pitt's or ,mirabeau's discourses1 or an extract from ,addison or ,nicole1 and you will be obliged to recast and transpose the thought2 you will be led to find for the same thoughts1 expressions more akin to facts and to concrete experience2 a flood of light will heighten the prominence of all the truths and of all the errors2 that which you were wont to call natural and clear will seem to you affected and semi-obscure1 and you will perceive by force of contrast why1 among the ,greeks1 the instrument of thought being more simple1 it did its office better and with less effort4 ,among the good books of the year1 two belong to a special walk of letters in which we have not hitherto excelled the ,english ,translation4 ,there are periods in the history of ,english ,poetry when translation has played an important part4 ,such a period occurred just before the ,shakspearean era1 and it was noted for translations from the ,latin poets4 ,chapman was the first ,english writer to perceive the greatness of the ,greek poets1 and1 like the poet that he was1 he attempted to translate the father of poets1 ,homer4 ,chapman's ,homer is a noble work1 with all its faults2 but it is not what ,homer should be in ,english4 ,it was followed by other translations mostly of the ,latin poets1 the best1 perhaps1 being ,dryden's ,virgil1 until1 finally1 the ,english mind returned to ,homer1 or supposed it did1 in the pretty1 musical numbers of ,pope4 ,who will may read ,pope's ,homer4 ,we cannot4 ,nor ,cowper's either1 although it contains some good1 manly writing4 ,we can read ,lord ,derby's ,homer1 or could1 until ,mr4 ,bryant published his translation of the ,iliad1 when the necessity no longer existed4 ,no ,english translation of ,homer will compare with ,mr4 ,bryant's2 and we are glad that we are soon to have the whole of the ,odyssey1 as we already have the whole of the ,iliad4 ,the first volume of ,mr4 ,bryant's translation of the ,odyssey 7,j4,r4 ,osgood ,co47 fully sustains the reputation of the writer4 ,it is so admirably done1 that1 if we did not know to the contrary1 we should think we were reading an original poem4 ,the stiffness which generally inheres in translations is wanting2 nowhere is there any sense of restraint1 but everywhere a delightful sense of ease--the freedom of one great poet shining through the freedom of another great poet1 as the sun shines through the sky4 ,it is the ideal ,english translation of ,homer2 and we congratulate ,mr4 ,bryant upon having finished it 7for we believe he has72 and congratulate ourselves that it is the work of an ,american poet4 ,we offer the like congratulation to ,mr4 ,bayard ,taylor for his translation of ,faust1 which occupies the same place1 as regards ,german ,poetry1 that ,mr4 ,bryant's translation of ,homer does to ,greek ,poetry4 ,the difficulty of the task which ,mr4 ,taylor set himself1 the task of rendering the original in the measures of the original1 was never met before by any ,english translator of ,faust--never even attempted1 we believe--and1 to say that he has accomplished it1 is to say that ,mr4 ,taylor is a very skilful poet--how skilful we never knew before1 highly as we have always valued his poetical powers4 ,he enables us to understand the ,intention of ,goethe in ,faust1 as no one besides himself has done2 and1 among the obligations that we owe him for the enjoyment he has given us1 we must not forget the obligation we are under to him for his ,notes4 ,they are scholarly1 and to the point4 ,there is not one too many1 not one which we could afford to lose1 now that we have it4 ,what might have been written1 under the pretense of ,notes--what another translator might not have been able to resist writing--is fearful to think of--,life is so short1 and ,goethe's ,art so long6 ,the year has been fertile in ,american verse4 ,how much ,poetry it has produced is a question into which we do not care to enter4 ,it has witnessed the publication of two volumes by ,mr4 ,bret ,harte2 of one volume by ,mr4 ,john ,hay2 and of one volume by ,mr4 ,william ,winter4 ,the title of ,mr4 ,winter's volume1 ,my ,witness1 7,j4,r4 ,osgood ,co47 is a happy one4 ,it is not every ,american writer who can afford to place his verse on the stand as his witness2 and it is not every ,american writer whose verse will substantiate what he is so desirous of proving1 viz41 that he is an ,american poet4 ,mr4 ,winter is not without faults--what ,american writer is8--but he endeavors to write simply4 ,the virtue of simplicity--always a rare one1 and never so rare as at present--he possesses4 ,we have ,tennyson1 who is not simple2 we have ,browning1 who is not simple2 we have ,swinburne1 who is not simple2 and we have ,mr4 ,joaquin ,miller1 who is not simple4 ,mr4 ,winter's book has its defects--among which we observe an occasional lapse into ,latinity--but with all its defects it is a very poetical book4 ,mr4 ,winter reminds us1 more than any recent ,american poet1 of the ,english poets of the reigns of ,charles the ,first and ,second4 ,he has1 at his best1 all their graces of style1 and he has1 at all times1 the grace of ,purity1 to which they laid no claim4 ,with the exception of ,carew 7whom1 we dare say1 he has never read71 ,mr4 ,winter is the daintiest and sweetest of amatory poets4 ,he has the fancy of ,carew1 without his artificiality2 he has ,carew's sweetness1 without his grossness of suggestion4 ,there is a tinge of sadness in some of ,mr4 ,winter's poems1 and the critics1 we suppose1 will censure him for it4 ,if so1 they will be in the wrong4 ,the poet has the right to express his moods1 sad or merry1 and he is no more to be judged by his sad moods than his merry ones4 ,he is to be judged by both1 and the sum of both--if the critic is able to add it up--is the poet4 ,as far as he is revealed in his book1 that is1 but no further4 ,there is such a thing as ,dramatic ,poetry1 as some critics are aware1 and there is such a thing as ,representative ,poetry1 as few critics are aware4 ,the former deals with the passions1 the latter with those shadowy and evanescent sensations which we call feelings4 ,mr4 ,winter is not a dramatic poet1 but he is1 in his own way1 a representative poet4 ,his poem ,lethe represents one set of feelings2 ,the ,white ,flag another2 and ,love's ,queen another4 ,we like the last best4 ,for1 while we believe the others to be equally genuine1 they do not impress us as being the best expression of his genius4 ,what we feel most after finishing his volume1 what seems to us most characteristic of his poetry1 is loveliness--the tender loveliness that lingers in the mind after we have seen the sun-set of a quiet summer evening1 or after we have heard music on a dreamy summer night4 ,if this poetic melancholy be treason1 the critics may make the most of it4 ,mr4 ,winter has nothing to fear4 ,he has the authority of the greatest poets with which to defend himself1 and confute the critics4 ,,art4 ,,the ,,prodigal ,,son1 ,,by ,,edouard ,,dubufe4 ,the sublime lesson of forgiveness1 inculcated by the story of the ,prodigal ,son1 is among the earliest and most familiar in the memories of a nation of ,bible readers like our own4 ,every one of us1 perhaps unconsciously1 carries in mind a simple1 straight-forward conception of this subject1 formed in early childhood--a time when the imagination rarely goes beyond an attempt to realize the unlooked for forgiveness of the once deserted parent1 or the captivating visions of adventure suggested by the changing fortunes of the wanderer during his absence in a far country4 ,with the painter the picture is his vision1 and the panels are the realities4 ,as a man of a different order of thought would have chosen another incident of the story for illustration1 so also would a painter of a less independent school have permitted himself to be bound down by the historical facts of the architectural and costume fashions of the time of narration4 ,dubufe has so far discarded the unities of time and place1 if any can really be said to exist--as no date was fixed in the relation of the parable by ,christ--that he has adopted the mingled costumes of ,europe and the ,east1 which obtained in the fifteenth century1 and has placed his figures in a ,corinthian porch under the light of ,italian skies4 ,apart from the conception and the telling of the story1 about which there will be various opinions1 this picture may be justly regarded as a magnificent work of art4 ,the great ,david1 a pupil of whose pupil ,edouard ,dubufe was1 and ,horace ,vernet1 appear to have been the guides selected by him1 rather than the greatest of his masters--,paul ,delaroche4 ,the influence of both is to be traced in this work1 although it may be said to take rank above any production of either of them4 ,in drawing1 color1 and composition1 rendering of textures1 and the exhibition of the resources of the palette1 now better known to ,french painters than ever before1 the picture leaves nothing to be desired4 ,the faces of the principal figures are full of that expression to the life in which the ,english are justly considered to excel1 while the admirable focus of the groups1 the color1 and interest1 are as un-,english as excellent4 ,fault-finding in more than one or two unimportant details would be hypercriticism where so much is perfect1 and it becomes our happy privilege1 in this notice1 to commend and to point out1 to lay readers about ,art1 the manifold beauties of its technical execution4 ,a critical examination will show that the composition is on the pyramidal principle1 and the arrangement of groups principally in threes4 ,in the central portion of the canvas1 where the marble pillars of the porch fall off in perspective1 the ,profligate stands holding up a golden cup in his right hand1 as in the act of proposing a toast4 ,his red costume and commanding figure attract the eye1 and the attention falls at once and equally on him and on the magnificent woman whose arms embrace his neck1 and whose eyes1 as her chin rests close on his breast1 gaze with dangerous fascination into his face4 ,her dress is of rich white satin1 and1 with the delicate green and gold sheen of her rival's robe--she with whom the ,prodigal's right hand toys in caress--makes up a wonderfully brilliant prismatic chord1 having the effect of focusing the richer1 but not less gorgeous1 pigments spread everywhere on the canvas4 ,the faces of the women are very beautiful1 and are made voluptuous by a subtle art which1 through all their beauty1 tells a story of unrestrained lives of passion and pleasure4 ,the face of the magnificent creature at the ,prodigal's left hand is a wondrous piece of drawing4 ,it is thrown back against him and from the spectator1 in order that she may look up into his face--at the moment a dissipated1 spiritless face1 without even the flush of the wine which dyes her's so rosily--a face at once weak and weary1 and yet revealing a possible intensity1 indeed1 the face of a ,french woman who has lived1 rather than that of a man4 ,up to this centre leads the other groups4 ,below1 and seated on the rich rugs which cover the marble pavement1 musicians and singers pause to listen to impassioned words from a laurel-crowned poet1 while further on a sort of orchestra plays time for the sensuous dance of lithe-bodied ,oriental dancers--each woman of them more ravishing than the other4 ,minor incidents1 like dice-play and love-making1 give interest to the remaining space1 and keep up the revel4 ,throughout1 the drawing is true1 and good1 and graceful4 ,the hands of the figures demand especial mention4 ,the hand of one of the women1 near the central group1 grasped by her lover at the wrist as he kisses her shoulder1 is particularly exquisite in form and color2 the more remarkable1 perhaps1 because the position of it is so trying in nature and so difficult to draw4 ,the type of feature chosen for the women1 the dancing girls excepted1 is essentially ,gallic4 ,as remarked before1 the face of the ,prodigal1 also1 is ,french2 but the musicians and the poet have faces of their own which seem to belong to the university of genius4 ,the mere revelers1 curiously enough1 have a likeness to the figures in some old ,italian pictures2 one of them looks like a copy of ,judas ,iscariot1 made younger4 ,a distant city and mountains fill up the background1 and1 on the extreme right of the near middle distance1 flights of marble steps ascend to a grand doorway1 where servants are seen loitering within easy call of their masters4 ,it was by a sublime inspiration that ,dubufe painted the accessory panels in monotone4 ,in that on the right1 a dismal sky1 filled with rolling clouds and sad presaging ravens flying1 over-shadows the outcast1 seated on a rock in an attitude of listless dejection1 with the swine feeding at his feet4 ,in the panel on the left he is seen in the close embrace of his merciful parent4 ,his head is bowed in humility1 and1 in an agony of remorse and shame1 while the old house-dog sniffs at him for an obtrusive mendicant who has no business with such affectionate welcome4 ,let us congratulate ourselves that this picture has come to our country1 as yet so barren of great works1 and pray that the noble school of art of which this is so admirable an exponent1 may find favor1 not only with our painters1 but with those who call themselves connoisseurs1 in preference to unmeaning works of microscopic finish1 or slick examples of boudoir and millinery painting4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,aldine ,,press4--,,james ,,sutton ,,co41 ,printers and ,publishers1 #bc ,liberty ,st41 ,n4,y4