,illu/ration3 ,,ix4 ,! ,pr9cipal        
,doorway to ! ,ca!dral at ,trani1       
,italy4     ,,! ,,bro*ure ,,s]ies  ,,(  
,,ar*itectural ,,illu/ration4  ,,vol4   
,i4 ,,febru>y1 #ahie4 ,no4 #b4          
99       99       99       99       99  
,,byzant9e-,,romanesque ,,doorways ,,9  
,,s\!rn ,,italy4   ,! illu/rations *os5 
= ?is issue are all f ! ,byzant9e       
,romanesque "w 9 ! prov9ce ( ,apulia1 t 
portion ( ,s\!rn ,italy famili> 9       
s*ool-boy memory z ! heel ( ! boot4     
,writ]s ^u ar*itecture h f\nd x         
difficult to /rictly classify ! build+s 
( ?is neighborhood1 z 9 fact is ! case )
 mo/ ( ! m$ieval ar*itecture ( ,italy1  
al?\gh ! influ5ces :i* h br\ght ab\t !  
conditions "h se5 are 9 ! ma9 pla9ly    
evid5t4 ,! traditions & surr\nd+s1 (    
,roman orig91 7 modifi$ by trade &      
association ) ! ,levant ?r\gh ! comm]ce 
( ,v5ice & ,pisa1 result+ 9 a /yle      
embody+ _m ( ! *>act]i/ics ( bo? !      
,romans & ! build]s ( ,byzantium4       
,(t5times ^! *>act]i/ics are s bl5d$ &  

modifi$ by "o ano!r z to be entirely    
indi/+ui%able1 :ile at o!r times        
features unque/ionably belong+ to !     
,romanesque or ! ,byzant9e w be f\nd    
side by side4 ,an illu/ration ( ! latt] 
condition may be se5 9 ! two views ( !  
doorway to ! ca!dral ( ,trani4 7,plates 
,,ix4 & ,x47 ,on acc\nt ( ! intimate    
relations ma9ta9$ dur+ ! ,middle ,ages  
betwe5 ?is prov9ce & ,magna ,grecia1 & x
 may be p>tly on acc\nt ( ! comp>ative  
remot5ess f ! pr9cipal cities ( ! nor?1 
! ,byzant9e influ5ce is "h m /rongly    
m>k$ ?an 9 ! cities ( ,c5tral & ,nor!rn 
,italy4  ,accord+ to ! classification   
adopt$ by ,f]gusson1 ! *ur* ( ,san      
,m9iato at ,flor5ce is "o ( ! olde/     
examples & a good type ( ?is r mix$     
/yle4 ,x 0 built ab\t ! ye> #ajac4 ,x is
 rectangul> 9 plan1 ne>ly ?ree times z  
long z wide1 ) a semicircul> apse4      
,int]nally x is divid$ longitud9ally    
into aisles1 & transv]sely into ?ree    
ne>ly squ>e comp>tm5ts by clu/]$ pi]s1  
support+ two great ar*es :i* run up to !

 ro(4 ,! :ole ( ! inn] comp>tm5t is     
occupi$ by a crypt or "u *ur* op5 to !  
nave1 above :i* is ! *oir & alt> ni*e1  
approa*$ by flights ( /eps 9 ! aisles4  
,?is g5]al arrangem5t is foll[$ m or    
less closely 9 ! *ur*es at ,bittonto1   
,b>i1 ,altamura1 ,ruvo1 ,galat9a1       
,br9disi1 & ,b>letta4 ,! scale ( ! s\!rn
 *ur*es is1 h[ev]1 mu* small] ?an ^? ( !
 nor?1 ! wid? ( ! nave ( ! ca!dral at   
,trani be+ only #ej feet1 & ! l5g? #afg 
feet1 :ile ! correspond+ dim5sions ( !  
ca!dral at ,pisa1 :i* is ref]r$ to by   
,f]gusson z ! mo/ notable example ( ?is 
/yle 9 ! nor?1 are #ajf x #caj feet4  ,9
 ^! small] *ur*es1 z f> z ext]nal       
treatm5t is conc]n$1 ! ma9 att5tion is  
devot$ to ! pr9cipal faade1 & "h mo/ ( !
 ornam5t is usually cov]$ ) a ri* hood  
support$ by pill>s re/+ on mon/]s1      
foll[+ ! cu/om preval5t ?r\gh\t ,italy  
dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,above ?is is ei!r a    
gall]y or "o or two w9d[s1 & ! :ole     
g5]ally t]m9ates 9 a circul> rose w9d[  
fill$ ) trac]y4  ,illu/ration3 ,x4 ,!   

,pr9cipal ,doorway to ! ,ca!rdral at    
,trani1 ,italy4  ,f]gusson's f9al summ+ 
up ( ! ar*itecture ( ?is neighborhood c 
sc>cely be consid]$ too en?usia/ic 9 !  
light ( ! eight illu/rations "h giv54   
,he says3 ,no "o :o takes ! pa9s to     
famili>ize himself ) ! ar*itecture ( ^! 
,s\!rn ,italian *ur*es c well fail to be
 impress$ ) _! beauty4 ,t beauty w be   
f\nd1 h[ev]1 to arise n s mu* f !       
dim5sions or arrangem5t ( _! plans1 or !
 =m ( _! outl9e1 z f ! grace & elegance 
( _! details4 ,e feature displays !     
feel+ ( an elegant & ref9$ p1 :o dem&$  
decoration z a necessity1 ?\gh !y 7     
incapable ( ris+ to any great           
ar*itectural conception4 ,!y excell$ z  
ornam5ti/s1 ?\gh at be/ only indiff]5t  
ar*itects4  ,! examples ( doorways *os5 
= illu/rat+ ?is numb] unque/ionably %[ !
 "w ( m5 :o labor$ = ! enjoym5t &       
satisfaction to be got f _! "w4 ,?is is 
suffici5tly evid5t 9 ! results be=e u4  
,its logical & con/ructive be>+ c (     
c\rse be call$ 9 "q1 z 9 fact is ! case 

) all b ! m]e/ fraction ( ! ar*itectural
 ef=ts ( ! _w4 ,z decoration we c b     
admire ! ma/]ly way 9 :i* ! ornam5t is  
di/ribut$1 ! ref9$ s5se ( scale &       
proportion1 & ! skilful & subtle        
treatm5t ( light & %ade1 ev5 if ! detail
 ( ! ornam5t itself is crude & ar*aic4  
,9 mak+ ! *oice ( ^! subjects ?is po9t 0
 kept 9 m9d1 & !y are n (f]$ z mat]ial  
:i* c be cut out 9 portions ( ! size &  
%ape desir$ & transf]r$ bodily by !     
design] to embelli% a mod]n ma/]piece1 9
 ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,go?ic ar*itects (     
,v5ice us$ _! patt]ns ( w9d[ trac]y4 ,^!
 plates %[ c]ta9 qualities 9 decorative 
design 9 _! fulle/ & be/ developm5t1 &  
are on ?is acc\nt invaluable z          
sugge/ions to design]s ( ! pres5t day4  
,= cribb+ mat]ial !y d n /& = mu*2 b ?is
 %\ld n be c\nt$ z aga9/ _! usefulness1 
= ! draughtsman :o has n advanc$ beyond 
! cribb+ /age has mu* /ill to le>n be=e 
he c d ! be/ & mo/ satisfactory "w4     
,,ix4 & ,x4  ,,pr9cipal ,,doorway ,,to  
,,! ,,ca!dral ,,at ,,trani1 ,,italy4  ,!

 ca!dral at ,trani dates f ab\t ! middle
 ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,its ma9 features h 
be5 indicat$ above 9 describ+ ! g5]al   
*>act]i/ics ( ! class ( *ur*es to :i* x 
belongs4 ,! bronze doors %[n 9 !        
illu/ration 7 made 9 #aafj1 & are       
exceptionally f9e examples ( ! "w ( ?is 
p]iod4   ,,xi4  ,,pr9cipal ,,doorway    
,,to ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,at ,,conv]sano1    
,,italy4  ,doorways ( ?is g5]al design  
are s famili> 9 ! s-call$ ,romanesque   
ar*itecture ( our ,am]ican cities t x   
seems almo/ l an old fri5d2 b we regret 
to say t mo/ ( our ,am]ican designs w\ld
 h>dly %[ to advantage if comp>$ side by
 side ) ?is4   ,,xii4  ,,portion ,,( ,,!
 ,,facade ,,( ,,! ,,basilica ,,at       
,,altamura1 ,,italy4  ,! rem>kable s5se 
( spott+ & di/ribution ( ornam5t %[n 9 !
 design+ ( ?is facade c h>dly be too mu*
 comm5d$4 ,! /rong light & long slant+  
%ad[s ( ! photograph are well calculat$ 
to emphasize ?is quality 9 ! design1 &  
we c readily f9d ju/ification "h = !    
e/imate ( ,f]gusson quot$ above4        

,,xiii4 & ,,xiv4  ,,pr9cipal ,,doorway  
,,to ,,! ,,basilica ,,at ,,altamura1    
,,italy1 ,,& ,,detail ,,( ,,! ,,same4   
,,xv4  ,,door ,,( ,,madonna ,,di        
,,loreto1 ,,trani1 ,,italy4   ,,xvi4    
,,entrance ,,to ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,!      
,,ros>y1 ,,t]lizzi1 ,,italy4            
,illu/ration3 ,,xi4 ,! ,pr9cipal        
,doorway to ! ,ca!dral at ,conv]sano1   
,italy4     ,advice to ,"y ,ar*itects4  
,pr(4 ,ait*ison's ,royal ,academy       
,lectures ^u ,ar*itecture %\ld be read  
by all /ud5ts :o c obta9 access to !m1 &
 ?is is n really v difficult to         
accompli%1 z !y are always report$ at   
l5g? 9 ! ,engli% ar*itectural           
p]iodicals1 & !n usually repr9t$ )\t    
cr$it by "o or m ( ! ,am]ican pap]s4 ,! 
late/ "o1 report$ 9 ! ,build] ( ,feb4   
#af1 is t deliv]$ on ,feb4 #d1 "u !     
g5]al title ,! ,advancem5t (            
,ar*itecture4 ,x deals 9 a common-s5se  
fa%ion ) ! ae/hetics ( ar*itecture1 &   
conta9s _m valuable sugge/ions ^u ! /udy
 & practice ( ar*itecture z an art4 ,!  

?ree foll[+ quotations are well wor?    
att5tive read+3--  ,swift1 9 8 ',lett]s 
to a ,"y ,cl]gyman1' says3 ',i _c =be>  
w>n+ y 9 ! mo/ e>ne/ mann] aga9/        
endeavor+ at wit 9 y\r s]mons1 because1 
by ! /ricte/ computation1 x is v ne> a  
million to "o t y h none4' ,p]haps t    
w\ld be good advice to all :o consci\sly
 seek = :at is call$ orig9ality1 :i* is 
mo/ly atta9$ by exagg]ation1            
disproportion1 & oddness ( arrangem5t2  
real orig9ality only comes f orig9al    
m9ds1 & w 9 t case %[ itself prop]ly &  
naturally1 j z wit %[s itself           
spontane\sly 9 ! witty2 = surely ^?     
orig9al ar*itects1 :o h only be5 able to
 raise 9 u emotions ( contempt or       
disgu/1 w\ld h be5 judici\s _h !y ab/a9$
 f ! attempt4 ,i ?9k t mo/ ar*itectural 
/ud5ts1 if !y w only /udy ! be/ build+s1
 w make _! plans to accurately answ] !  
purposes want$1 includ+ ! effici5t      
light+ ( ! rooms1 w /udy ! ,vitruvian   
symmetry until _! eye revolts f         
disproportion1 w try & make _! pr(iles  

tell ! /ory !y want told1 & w try & br+ 
su* p>ts t1 f ! exig5cies ( ! case1     
obtrude !mselves 9 odd places into      
h>mony ) ! :ole1 t !y w produce an      
effect :i* w raise _! build+s to !      
dignity ( humanity1 & out ( ! range ( ! 
dog-k5nel & rabbit-hut* type1 & w n     
exhibit ugl9ess1 disproportion1 or      
vulg>ity4 ,we see pl5ty ( examples :]e !
 designs h sunk mu* bel[ ?is level2 no  
build+ ( dead walls1 ) holes 9 x = doors
 & w9d[s1 c\ld cause u su* disgu/4 ,let 
me "h say1 by way ( a p>5!sis1 t if y   
c&idly consid] t y\r design is m (f5sive
 ?an a dead wall1 d n wa/e money &      
mat]ials 9 mak+ ! wall m repulsive1 b   
let x alone4  ,any "o c be orig9al if he
 be only impud5t en\gh2 any "o c be     
graceful if he is s]vile en\gh to copy3 
b to be bo? orig9al & graceful requires 
deep /udy1 mu* /riv+1 & natural tal5t4  
,i h also to rem9d y t ar*itecture _c be
 br\ght into vigor\s life aga91 s long z
 ar*itects insi/ on us+ old =ms = beauty
 t are insep>able f a con/ruction t has 

be5 ab&on$2 s long z ?is practice       
p]si/s1 s long w ar*itecture be a k9d ( 
pott$ art2 to be vigor\s x mu/ le>n h[  
to take ! mat]ials1 & con/ruction t w\ld
 be ord9>ily us$ 9 build+s = purely     
practical purposes1 & give to ^!        
mat]ials & ?is con/ruction =ms t w      
excite ! prop] emotions4 ,y mu/ n       
suppose t ,i mean t if y h a va/ hall1  
or :at n1 t because y c put an iron     
truss$ ro( ov] x f wall to wall1 t ?is w
 make x into a hall t w raise emotions4 
,y w only get a rail-way plat=m or a    
coal %$4 ,y h got to set y\r wits to "w 
to see h[ x c be prop]ly br\ght )9 !    
pale ( ae/hetics1 & n only z to ! %apes 
& proportions ( ! p>ts1 b ! divid+ ( !  
:ole by supports4 ,x is probable t if y 
7 oblig$ to vault a ca!dral 9 /one1 ) no
 m money ?an 0 necess>y1 & to h a       
cle>/ory to x1 t y c\ld n d x *eap]1 &  
p]haps n bett]1 ?an ! ,go?ic ar*itects  
did x2 b to vault su* a build+ 9 /one :5
 y c\ld d x mu* *eap] & bett] ) iron    
ribs & concrete is1 9 my op9ion1        

dilettante art4 ,gro9s are n beautiful  
?+s1 b1 on ! contr>y1 are ugly1 & we    
%\ld wi% to obviate _! ugl9ess if we    
c\ld2 b :5 !y 7 m]ely unavoidable me?ods
 ( *eap con/ruction1 we admire !m = !   
inv5tion & skill ( _! ar*itects1 & we h 
to "s ext5t got to love ev5 _! ugl9ess f
 old association2 ?\gh p]haps ! ribs at 
,we/m9/] ,abbey1 z se5 f ! we/ end1 are 
n (f5sive4  ,illu/ration3 ,,xii4 ,a     
,portion ( ! ,faade ( ! ,basilica at    
,altamura1 ,italy4     ,! ,bro*ure      
,s]ies ( ,ar*itectural ,illu/ration4    
,,publi%$ ,,mon?ly ,,by  ,,bates        
,,guild1  #f ,,beacon ,,/reet1 ,,bo/on1 
,,mass4         99       99       99    
99       99  ,subscription ,rates p] ye>
 4 #ej c5ts1 9 advance ,special ,club   
,rate = five subscriptions 4 4 #b4jj4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,all :o wi% = a complete file ( ,,!     
,,bro*ure ,,s]ies %\ld s5d 9 _!         
subscriptions at once1 z ow+ to !       
necessity ( limit+ ! edition ( ! fir/   
numb]s & ! impossibity ( repr9t+ :5 ?is 

edition is exhau/$1 subscriptions w h to
 date f ! curr5t numb] at ! "t ! ord] is
 receiv$4 ,until ! pres5t /ock gives    
out1 all subscriptions w be dat$ f !    
,janu>y numb]1 b no copies w be res]v$ =
 ?is purpose aft] ,april #a4         99 
99       99       99       99  ,response
 to ! call = subscriptions to ,,!       
,,bro*ure ,,s]ies has be5 gratify+ly    
prompt & g5]\s4 ,! fir/ subscrib] 0 ,mr4
 ,george ,b4 ,h[e1 #ac ,walnut ,/reet1  
,bo/on1 ! ar*itect ( ! ,new ,hamp%ire   
,/ate ,build+ at ! ,_w's ,fair4 ,! fir/ 
club came f ! (fice ( ,longfell[1 ,ald5 
,h>l[1 & 0 made up z foll[s3 ,f4,b4     
,:eaton1 ,r4,t4 ,walk]1 ,h4,w4 ,g>dn]1  
,h4,m4 ,seav]1 & ,j4,h4 ,buttim]4 ,?is 0
 closely foll[$ by a club ( eight f !   
(fice ( ,%epley1 ,rutan  ,coolidge1 &   
ano!r ( five f ! (fice ( ,edw9 ,j4      
,lewis4 ,! fir/ response f out ( t[n 0 a
 club ( five f ! (fice ( ,m>t9  ,hall ( 
,provid5ce1 ,r4,i4 ,o!rs too num]\s to  
m5tion came along 9 quick succession1 & 
! new magaz9e may n[ be consid]$ well   

laun*$ on its trial trip4         99    
99       99       99       99  ,z ! plan
 ( ,,! ,,bro*ure ,,s]ies is unique 9    
ar*itectural j\rnalism1 mu* ( ! "w to be
 done dur+ its fir/ ye> w necess>ily be1
 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 exp]im5tal4 ,al?\gh !
 publi%]s h = a numb] ( ye>s tri$ to    
keep z closely z possible 9 t\* ) !     
pr(ession ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 ! div]sity (
 ta/es to :i* ! new magaz9e is int5d$ to
 appeal1 & ! practical requirem5ts :i* x
 is int5d$ to meet1 make ev5 ! simple   
matt] ( select+ prop] mat]ial =         
publication a difficult task4           
,consequ5tly sugge/ions or criticisms   
:i* may lead to its improvem5t 9 any    
p>ticul> w be welcome4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,! design
 us$ = ! cov] ( ,,! ,,bro*ure ,,s]ies is
 ! result ( a competition 9 :i*         
tw5ty-?ree draw+s 7 submitt$1 & is ! "w 
( ,*>les ,edw>d ,hoop] ( #bej ,we/ #ad? 
,/reet1 ,new ,york4 ,! o!r competitors1 
^: designs 7 all ( a high ord] (        
excell5ce1 73 ,j4 ,mills ,platt1 ,*>les 

,s4 ,k+1 ,francis ,s4 ,swales1 ,edw9 ,s4
 ,gordon1 ,fr$ ,a4 ,mill]1 ,j4,f4       
,/robel1 ,jr41 ,george ,e4 ,rob]ts1 (   
,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y42 ,g4,h4 ,+raham1 ,e4,p4 
,dana1 ,f4,h4 ,hut*9s1 ,c4,e4 ,pat*1 (  
,bo/on2 ,j4,w4 ,c9d]1 ,w4,b4 ,pap91     
,h4,g4 ,helm]i*s1 ( ,/4 ,l\is2 ,l\is ,e4
 ,la ,baume1 ,h4,h4 ,braun1 ( ,new ,york
 ,city2 & ,/eph5 ,w4 ,dodge1 (          
,brooklyn4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,foll[+ out ! g5]al plan   
adopt$ 9 ! fir/ two issues1 :i*1 contr>y
 to ! expectation ( ! publi%]s1 has     
prov$ ev5 s soon an important feature ( 
! magaz9e1 ! illu/rations 9 ! next two  
numb]s w be made up ( relat$ subjects4  
,! ,m>* numb] w h a collection (        
capitals 7,byzant9e & ,romanesque7 f    
,rav5na & ,pal]mo1 & ! ,april numb]     
eight w9d[s f ,apulia1 ( ! same g5]al "*
 z ! doorways 9 ! pres5t numb]4         
,h9ts to ,draughtsm54   ,ar*itectural   
/ud5ts & draughtsm5 w f9d ! s]ies (     
pap]s begun 9 ! ,feb4 #af numb] ( !     
,am]ican ,ar*itect1 entitl$ ,h9ts to    

,art ,/ud5ts on ,travell+ ,abroad1 fill$
 ) valuable sugge/ions4 ,! writ] ( ^!   
pap]s is ,mr4 ,j4,w4 ,case1 ! late/ ( ! 
,rot* s*ol>s return$4 ,9 ! fir/ pap]    
,mr4 ,case po9ts out ! desirability (   
prep>atory tra9+ 9 academic design1     
draw+1 modell+1 etc41 & a k (           
ar*itectural hi/ory & ( ! ,fr5* language
 9 ord] t ! /ud5t may make ! be/ use ( !
 opportunities op5 to him4 ,he cont9ues 
) a numb] ( useful h9ts ^u ! be/ me?ods 
to pursue 9 ga9+ ?is prep>atory tra9+4  
,illu/ration3 ,,xiii4 ,! ,pr9cipal      
,doorway to ! ,basilica at ,altamura1   
,italy4  ,! second pap] is devot$ to    
practical sugge/ions ( su* imm$iate     
value t x is wor? :ile to quote a       
portion ( !m 9 full3--  ,to get ! mo/   
good out ( a trip1 "o %\ld be prep>$ to 
"w 9 all sorts ( ways1--to make measur$ 
draw+s1 sket*es1 color notes1 squeezes1 
rubb+s1 sections ) ! lead2 to /udy f    
plates & make ,t-squ>e sket*es1         
scrat*-book notes1 photographic notes1 &
 memory sket*es4  ,travell+ /ud5ts are  

apt to place too mu* value on p]spective
 sket*es4 ,good ones make a nice %[+ on 
return+ home1 b !y are ( little value to
 any "o b ! mak]4 ,x is usually possible
 to f9d photographs ( ! ?+s ov] :i* "o  
sp5ds s _m h\rs mak+ pretty sket*es4 ,b 
sket*es d h a c]ta9 value 9 tea*+ r5d]+1
 & enc\rage ! habit ( obs]v+ closely !  
effect ( light & %ade4  ,beautiful p5cil
 sket*es may be made on ,engli% metallic
 pap] by simply draw+ ! %ad[s on c>v+ 9 
full sun%9e3 color$ pap]s are v useful  
to ga9 quick effects ) ! use ( ,*9ese   
:ite4 ,a pad ( ,:atman wat]-color pap]1 
imp]ial size1 is mu* bett] to "w on ?an 
a small cramp$ little book2 & x may be  
us$ z a draw+-bo>d1 ?us dim9i%+ ! numb] 
( articles to c>ry4 ,! ,t-squ>e w run   
along ! edge ( ! block well en\gh =     
sket*es1 b x is bett] to c>ry a         
/raight-edge to clamp on ! edge ( !     
block ) ?umb-screws = ! squ>e to "w on4 
,h a canvas bag made ) a flap 9 :i* to  
c>ry ! block4 ,x w keep out ! dirt & du/
 ( travel & be ( great s]vice4          

,sometimes valuable color notes are to  
be _h 9 cr[d$ build+s :]e x is n        
conv5i5t to sit d[n & make a l>ge /udy4 
,= su* cases a small pocket wat]-color  
block w be v useful4 ,!re is a small    
ve/-pocket wat]-color box c>ry+ six     
colors1 :i* may be set ov] ! ?umb1 a    
wat]-bottle atta*$1 & ) x "o c /&       
unobs]v$ 9 a corn] & get color notes :i*
 o!rwise mu/ be pass$ by4 ,9 /udy+      
fresco pa9t+1 temp]a is v useful4 ,x is 
mix$ up ) wat] & appli$ to pap]1 b may  
be work$ ov] 9 ! mann] ( oils1--a great 
advantage 9 mak+ /udies4  ,! *ambre     
claire is invaluable z an aid to draw+1 
9 block+ out wat]-colors4 ,x w enable "o
 to make a draw+ 9 an h\r :i* o!rwise   
w\ld require all day4 ,x is an in/rum5t 
little kn[n outside ( ,p>is1 b is mu* 9 
use !re among ar*itects4 ,x consi/s ( a 
prism m\nt$ on a telescop+ leg :i* may  
be fa/5$ to ! draw+-bo>d4 ,! eye looks  
?r\gh ! prism & sees ! build+ reflect$  
on ! pap]2 all t rema9s to d is to trace
 ?is outl9e4 ,x does n tea* "o to draw1 

b x does save "t1 & produces bett]      
draw+s ?an c be made )\t x4 ,! be/ place
 to buy !m is ( ,cevali]1 on ! ,se9e1   
ne> ! ,pont ,netif1 ,p>is4 ,only ^? ) ! 
be/ prisms are ( any use3 su* a "o1 )   
two adju/m5ts only1 c be _h = sixty-five
 francs4 ,! table :i* is necess>y = its 
use co/s fifte5 francs additional2 t is1
 a total co/ ( sixte5 doll>s4 ,9 buy+ a 
table1 be sure & get "o ) slid+ legs :i*
 c be tak5 (f ! head & pack$ flat4  ,"o 
( ! v be/ ways to /udy1 & "o :i* has v  
direct tangible results1 is by ! aid (  
pr9t$ plates4 ,take su* a book z        
,let>\illy's ,edifices de ,rome ,mod]ne4
 ,g to ! build+s !mselves & comp>e !    
draw+ ) ! build+2 see :at draw+s on pap]
 really mean :5 execut$2 m>k up ! plate2
 note ! proportion ( masses1 ! size (   
ornam5t1 ! relative proportion ( op5+s1 
& wall spaces1 ! effect ( color &       
texture1 & ! use ( mat]ial4 ,make       
sugge/ions = bett] ornam5t1 proportion1 
etc41 & !n g home & make a new design ) 
all ! improvem5ts y h not$4  ,! rev]se (

 ?is me?od is1 to sit d[n 9 front ( !   
build+ ) ,t-squ>e & triangle & translate
 ! p]spective build+ back on to pap] 9  
elevation4  ,illu/ration3 ,,xiv4 ,detail
 ( ! ,pr9cipal ,doorway to ! ,basilica  
at ,altamura1 ,italy4  ,^! two me?ods w 
aid "o to tell f a draw+ h[ ! build+ w  
actually look :5 execut$4 ,x w give an  
idea ( ! scale ( ornam5t1 if a cornice  
looks j ! "r size on a c]ta9 build+1 !  
plate w tell y j h[ high t is4 ,!       
,t-squ>e sket* is v valuable 9 cultivat+
 ! s5se ( proportion4 ,draw to scale su*
 p>ts ( ! sket* z c be easily measur$1 &
 put 9 ! rema9d] 9 proportion1 & make ^!
 sket*es at ! scale at :i* y are us$ to 
work+ 9 ! (fice4 ,!y w be ( imm5se      
advantage 9 giv+ y a s5se ( absolute    
scale4  ,!re is su* a ?+ z 'absolute    
scale1' & scale is n simply proportion4 
,a draw+ might be made 9 good           
proportion1 & ! build+ look well if     
execut$ a ?\s& feet long1 & yet lose all
 its effectiv5ess if execut$ b "o hundr$
 feet 9 l5g?1 ! relative proportions ( !

 p>ts rema9+ ! same4 ,x is a fact t     
c]ta9 designs1 :i* look well on pap]1 w 
n look well 9 execution1 except at a    
l>ge scale4 ,!re=e x is valuable 9 mak+ 
a sket* to put on x "s ( ! measurem5ts2 
& freeh& sket*es ) measurem5ts m>k$ on  
!m h a value 9 giv+ absolute scale4  ,! 
back ( a photograph is a v conv5i5t     
place on :i* to make notes ( ! build+   
itself1 9 reg>d to color1 mat]ial1      
sugge/$ *anges1 etc41 & w be v useful 9 
recall+ ! build+ to memory4  ,measur+   
build+s & draw+ !m out to scale is solid
 ar*itectural "w1 & no?+ else c take its
 place4 ,x gives a realization ( !      
actual size & appe>ance ( ?+s1 & br+s to
 notice ! /one-jo9t+1 sections ( m\ld+s1
 vault+1 ro(+1 & con/ruction 9 g5]al4   
,measur$ "w mu/ be done v accurately1 or
 else ! results h no m value ?an        
approximate measures on sket*es4  ,!    
draw+ %\ld be made exactly z ! build+   
exi/s1 )\t any *ange or improvem5t1 or  
else ! draw+ w lose a great deal ( its  
value z a basis = /udy4 ,_m (           

,let>\illy's are ne>ly valueless z data 
= /udy because he has improv$ on !      
orig9al1 & ?us 8 draw+ does n repres5t !
 build+ z x actually exi/s4  ,a good    
me?od ( measur+ build+s is to measure   
fir/ ! g5]al dim5sions & block out !    
build+ on pap] at a small scale1 !n     
measure up w9d[s1 columns1 etc41 & set  
(f full-size sections ( all ! m\ld+s ) a
 /rip ( ?9 lead1 su* z may be _h at any 
:ole-sale lead /ore3 only ! ?9ne/       
%eet-lead w "w1 z ! ?ick] leads are too 
/iff to b5d4 ,! l>ge f9al draw+s c !n be
 made away f ! build+4 ,x is important  
to draw out ! build+ completely at a    
small scale1 h[ev]1 z x is v annoy+ :5  
mak+ ! f9al draw+ f> away f ! build+ to 
f9d t "s important dim5sion has be5     
=gott54  ,! ord9>y tape /ret*es s mu* 9 
long dim5sions t x is inaccurate4 ,x is 
be/ to get a tape ) a metallic /rip 9 x1
 & x %\ld be at lea/ fifty feet long 9  
ord] to take dim5sions ov] all1 :i* is  
mu* m accurate ?an measur+ ) a %ort tape
 f po9t to po9t4  ,! metric sy/em is v  

conv5i5t1 b x is bett] = ,am]ican /ud5ts
 to use ! ,engli% measure t !y w h to   
use 9 practice1 & take ! tape ov] ) !m1 
= x is difficult to f9d !m on !         
,cont95t4 ,a slid+ measur+-rod is ne>ly 
indisp5sable1 & x w be mo/ conv5i5t to  
c>ry if x folds up to ! l5g? ( ! imp]ial
 draw+ pad4 ,two l>ge triangles are v   
useful 9 gett+ ! projection ( m\ld+s1 z 
!y c be held toge!r to =m a "r angle4   
,illu/ration3 ,,xv4 ,door ( ! ,madonna  
di ,loreto1 ,triani1 ,italy4     ,books4
   ,v]ona & ,o!r ,lectures4 ,by ,john   
,rusk91 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,ll4,d4 ,new ,york3 
,macmillan  ,co41 #ahid4 #hvo1 pp4 #bjd1
 plates xii4 #b4ej4   ,! art ( ,nor!rn  
,italy has furni%$ ! text = a v         
consid]able "p ( ! writ+s ( ,mr4 ,rusk91
 & !re is no "o writ] among ^? :o h     
v5tur$ to inve/igate & write ^u ?is     
extremely engross+ subject ^: "w has s  
great an int]e/ = ! ar*itect1 or 9 fact 
is ( s mu* value to him4 ,x is n        
necess>y to agree ) all ( ,mr4 ,rusk9's 
elaborate !ories or to unqualifi$ly     

admire 8 draw+s 9 ord] to f9d mu* ( real
 value 9 8 books4 ,no /ud5t (           
ar*itecture c af=d n to read ,! ,/ones (
 ,v5ice1 & !re are few books :i* %\ld   
take prec$5ce ov] x 9 ! =mation ( an    
ar*itect's libr>y4  ,apropos ( !        
illu/rations 9 ! la/ numb] ( ,,!        
,,bro*ure ,,s]ies1 9 ! descriptive      
notices ( :i* we _h occasion to ref] to 
,mr4 ,rusk91 8 late/ publi%$ "w w be    
f\nd int]e/+4 ,! title1 ,v]ona & o!r    
,lectures1 does n convey a v complete   
idea ( ! cont5ts ( ! book4 ,none ( !    
five lectures includ$ is /rictly        
ar*itectural 9 subject matt]1 & b "o1 ! 
fir/1 ,v]ona & its ,riv]s1 has any      
direct be>+ ^u ar*itecture1 & ?is only f
 ! hi/orical side4 ,! illu/rations1 ) a 
s+le exception f draw+s by ! au?or1     
al?\gh lack+ 9 mo/ ( ! qualities ( good 
draughtsman%ip1 are well wor? exam9ation
 & /udy4 ,plates ,,ii4 & ,v41 ,a ,f\nta9
 at ,v]ona1 & ,! ,ca/elb>co ,tomb1 ,/a4 
,ana/asia1 ,v]ona1 ! fir/ made 9 #ahda &
 ! second 9 #ahce1 are f ! po9t ( view (

 ! ar*itect ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,!y are bo?  
p5cil sket*es1 ! fir/ acc5t$ ) a few    
t\*es ( wa% 9 ! %ad[s & d>k] portions ( 
! draw+4 ,plate ,,ix4 repres5ts ! angle 
( ! ,ducal ,palace1 ,v5ice1 ! same giv5 
z ! frontispiece 9 ! la/ issue ( ,,!    
,,bro*ure ,,s]ies4 ,x w\ld h>dly be     
possible to come ne>] ! same po9t ( view
 if ! co9cid5ce 7 int5tional4 ,9 !      
comp>ison :i* ?is =ces ^u ,mr4 ,rusk9 v 
naturally suff]s1 z might be expect$1 f 
! fact t 8 tra9+ 9 draw+ 0 n ! mo/      
?or\gh4 ,8 proportions are some:at      
faulty & ! detail is only vaguely       
sugge/$1 9 fact ?is is m or less true ( 
all 8 draw+s4 ,nev]!less ! book w be    
welcome to _m ar*itects = ! valuable    
sugge/ions x conta9s bo? 9 text &       
illu/rations2 & ! au?or's wond]ful &    
fasc9at+ lit]>y /yle is "h z unmi/akably
 9 evid5ce z 9 any ( 8 old] works4 ,?is 
alone is suffici5t inducem5t to tempt ! 
read] to take x up4     ,club ,notes4   
,at ! sugge/ion ( sev]al subscrib]s1 !  
addresses are giv5 bel[ ( ! secret>ies (

 ! pr9cipal ar*itectural clubs z f> z !y
 are kn[n to u1 b !re are sev]al        
omissions & possibly "s mi/akes4 ,9 ord]
 t ^! associations may be ( z great     
mutual assi/ance to ea* o!r z possible1 
?r\gh correspond5ce1 ! ex*ange ( notices
 ( competitions1 etc41 x is reque/$ t   
any n includ$ 9 ! foll[+ li/ w          
communicate ! desir$ in=mation to !     
editor ( ,,! ,,bro*ure ,,s]ies4         
,corrections or additions w be made 9   
lat] issues1 & ! v>i\s secret>ies w     
conf] a favor by keep+ ! editor in=m$ ( 
any *anges ( address or organization4   
,,li/ ,,( ,,clubs4  ,sket* ,club ( ,new 
,york1 club rooms #adgc ,broadway2      
record+ secret>y1 ,alfr$ ,f4 ,evans2    
correspond+ secret>y1 ,hob>t ,a4 ,walk]4
  ,bo/on ,ar*itectural ,club1 rooms #e  
,tremont ,place2 secret>y1 ,f4 ,manton  
,wakefield4  ,! ,t-,squ>e ,club1        
,philadelphia1 rooms ,broad & ,p9e      
,/reets2 secret>y1 ,a4,c4 ,munoz1 #bab  
,s\? ,?ird ,/reet4  ,*icago             
,ar*itectural ,club1 rooms #bgd ,mi*igan

 ,av5ue2 secret>y1 ,john ,rob]t ,dillon4
  ,/4 ,l\is ,sket* ,club2 secret>y1     
,e4,g4 ,g>d51 ,telephone ,build+4  ,art 
,league1 ,milwaukee1 ,wis42 secret>y1   
,elm] ,grey1 #ijd ,w9*e/] ,/reet4  ,/4  
,paul ,ar*itectural ,sket* ,club1 rooms 
#bci-bda ,endicott ,build+2 secret>y1   
,john ,ra*ac1 ,jr4  ,clevel&            
,ar*itectural ,club1 rooms #ajjb        
,g>field ,build+2 secret>y1 ,h]b]t ,b4  
,briggs4  ,d5v] ,ar*itectural ,sket*    
,club2 presid5t1 ,william ,c[e1 #gjf    
,coop] ,build+4  ,ro*e/] ,sket* ,club1  
secret>y1 ,g4,f4 ,crump1 ,wild] ,build+4
  ,! ,ar*itectural ,league ( ,new ,york1
 ,am]ican ,f9e ,arts ,society ,build+2  
secret>y1 ,*>les ,i4 ,b]g1 #aj ,we/     
#bc;d ,/reet4  ,! ,society ( ,beaux     
,arts ,ar*itects4 ,new ,york ,city4     
,illu/ration3 ,,xvi4 ,entrance to !     
,*ur* ( ! ,ros>y1 ,t]lizzi1 ,italy4