,,maine999999    ,watch1 ,rockland1     
,maine           which includes the     
original tables and maps4       ,see    
#aejce-;h4htm or #aejce-;h4zip3         
7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/dirs_/#a_/
e_/j_/c_/aejce_/aejce-;h_/#aejce-;h4htm7
       or                               
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e_/j_/c_/aejce_/aejce-;h4zip7           
,,fishing ,,grounds ,,of ,,the ,,gulf   
,,of ,,maine #a  by  ,,walter ,h4 ,,rich
 ,agent1 ,united ,states ,bureau of     
,fisheries        ,,contents            
,introduction ,acknowledgements ,gulf of
 ,maine      ,geographical and          
,historical ,name      ,description ,bay
 of ,fundy ,inner ,grounds ,outer       
,grounds ,georges ,area ,offshore ,banks
 ,tables of ,catch1 #aibg ,maps ,index  
to grounds     ,,preface ,,to ,,the     
#aiid ,,edition  ,fishing ,grounds of   
the ,gulf of ,maine by ,walter ,h4 ,rich
 first appeared in the ,u4,s4           
,department of ,commerce1 ,bureau of    
,fisheries1 ,report of the ,united      

,states ,commissioner of ,fisheries1 for
 the fiscal year #aibi4  ,when ,captain 
,robert ,mc,lellan of ,boothbay ,harbor 
died in #aiha1 the employees of the     
,maine ,department of ,marine ,resources
 contributed money to be used to        
purchase books in his memory1 for the   
,department's ,fishermen's ,library4    
,captain ,mc,lellan's family was asked  
what purchases they would recommend1 and
 a top priority was to somehow reprint  
this work on the fishing grounds4 ,this 
was a book that had been helpful to     
,captain ,mc,lellan in his career1 and  
one which his son1 ,captain ,richard    
,mc,lellan1 found still valid and       
useful4  ,contributions from the        
employees of the ,department of ,marine 
,resources paid to get this project     
started2 film to reproduce the pages of 
the original text was donated by the    
,bigelow ,laboratory for ,ocean         
,sciences2 printing costs were paid by  
the ,department4  ,it is the hope of the
 ,department and its employees that the 

fishermen of today will benefit from the
 detailed information in this           
publication1 and that they will remember
 ,captain ,robert ,mc,lellan1 a man who 
knew how to use books to enhance his    
career as a fisherman1 who knew how to  
share his knowledge with the scientific 
community1 and who was widely respected 
by fishermen and scientists alike4      
,,introduction  ,paralleling the        
northeastern coast line of ,north       
,america lies a long chain of fishing   
banks--a series of plateaus and ridges  
rising from the ocean bed to make       
comparatively shallow soundings4 ,from  
very early times these grounds have been
 known to and visited by the adventurers
 of the nations of western              
,europe--,northman1 ,breton1 ,basque1   
,portuguese1 ,spaniard1 ,frenchman1 and 
,englishman4 ,for centuries these       
fishing areas have played a large part  
in feeding the nations bordering upon   
the ,western ,ocean1 and the development
 of their resources has been a great    

factor in the exploration of the ,new   
,world4  ,according to statistics       
collected by the ,bureau of             
,fisheries4#b these banks annually      
produce over #djj1jjj1jjj pounds of     
fishery products1 which are landed in   
the ,united ,states2 and1 according to  
,o4 ,e4 ,sette1#c annually about        
#a1jjj1jjj1jjj pounds of cod are taken  
on these banks and landed in the ,united
 ,states1 ,canada1 ,newfoundland1       
,france1 and ,portugal4  ,apparently the
 earliest known and certainly the most  
extensive of these is the ,great ,bank  
of ,newfoundland1 so named from time    
immemorial4 ,from the ,flemish ,cap1 in 
#dd #jf' west longitude and #dg north   
latitude1 marking the easternmost point 
of this great area1 extends the ,grand  
,bank westward and southwestward over   
about #fjj miles of length4 ,thence1    
other grounds continue the chain1       
passing along through the ,green ,bank1 
,st4 ,peters ,bank1 ,western ,bank 7made
 up of several more or less connected   

grounds1 such as ,misaine ,bank1        
,banquereau1 ,the ,gully1 and ,sable    
,island ,bank72 thence southwest through
 ,emerald ,bank1 ,sambro1 ,roseway1 ,la 
,have1 ,seal ,island ,ground1 ,browns   
,bank1 and ,georges ,bank with its      
southwestern extension of ,nantucket    
,shoals4  ,to all these is added the    
long shelving area extending from the   
coast out to the edge of the continental
 plateau and stretching from the ,south 
,shoal off ,nantucket to ,new ,york1    
making in all1 from the eastern part of 
the ,grand ,bank to ,new ,york ,bay1 a  
distance of about #b1jjj miles1 an      
almost continuous extent of most        
productive fishing ground4  ,within the 
bowl that is the ,gulf of ,maine1 the   
outer margin of which is made by the    
shoaling of the water over the ,seal    
,island ,grounds1 ,browns ,bank1 and    
,georges ,bank1 this chain is further   
extended by another series of smaller   
grounds1 as ,grand ,manan ,bank1 the    
,german ,bank1 ,jeffreys ,bank1 ,cashes 

,bank1 ,platts ,bank1 ,jeffreys ,ledge1 
,fippenies ,bank1 ,stellwagen or ,middle
 ,bank2 and again1 lying inside these1  
this fishing area is increased by a very
 large number of smaller grounds and    
fishing spots located within a very     
short distance of the mainland4  ,all   
these banks are breeding places of the  
most valued of our food fishes--the cod1
 haddock1 cusk1 hake1 pollock1 and      
halibut--and each in its proper season  
furnishes fishing ground where are taken
 many other important species of        
migratory and pelagic food fishes as    
well as those named here4 ,it is        
probable that no other fishing area     
equaling this in size or in productivity
 exists anywhere else in the world1 and 
the figures of the total catch taken    
from it must show an enormous poundage  
and a most imposing sum representing the
 value of its fishery4  ,with the most  
distant of these grounds we shall not   
deal here1 leaving them for later       
consideration when noting certain of the

 fishery operations most characteristic 
of them4 ,thus1 we may treat of those   
well-defined areas that lie within or   
are adjacent to the ,gulf of ,maine1    
such as the ,bay of ,fundy1 the ,inner  
,grounds 7those close to the mainland71 
the ,outer ,grounds 7those within the   
gulf71 the ,georges area1 ,seal ,island 
,grounds1 and ,browns ,bank1 these      
forming the outer margin of the gulf2   
and also make mention of certain others 
of those nearer offshore banks that are 
most closely connected with the market  
fishery of the three principal fishing  
ports within the ,gulf of ,maine4       
,footnote #a3 ,first published as       
,appendix ,,iii to the ,report of the   
,,us ,commissioner of ,fisheries for    
#aibi4 ,bureau of ,fisheries ,doc #ajei4
 ,submitted for publication ,jan        
#ah1aibi4  ,footnote #b3 ,u4,s4 ,bureau 
of ,fisheries ,statistical ,bulletin    
,no4 #gjc  ,footnote #c3 ,u4,s4 ,bureau 
of ,fisheries ,document ,no4 #ajcd      
,,acknowledgments  ,as to the charts1 it

 has been the writer's endeavor1 by     
consulting a large number of fishing    
captains of long experience upon these  
grounds1 to reduce the margin of        
inaccuracy as much as possible4 ,in case
 of conflict of their opinion1 the      
greatest agreement as to the facts has  
been accepted4  ,the grounds as drawn   
are not meant to include any definite   
depth curve but are meant to show       
certain fishing areas4 ,it is known of  
course1 that most species frequent the  
shallows and the deep water at the      
various seasons3 also1 that certain     
other species are found on the deeper   
soundings during virtually all the year4
 ,thus1 if a given area appears as a    
larger ground than is shown upon other  
charts made for navigating purposes1    
often this is because we have included  
in it a cusk ground or a hake bottom    
lying adjacent to the shoal as charted4 
,a large number of these grounds have   
been described before by ,g4 ,browne    
,goode and others1 and where possible   

their work has been used as a basis for 
the present paper1 with any further     
information or the noting of any changed
 condition of the grounds or difference 
in fishing methods employed upon them   
that was obtainable4  ,grateful         
acknowledgment is hereby made to the    
many captains who furnished information 
that1 made the drawing of the charts    
possible and for the facts used in the  
descriptions of the fishing grounds4    
,with the offshore banks1 particularly  
with the ,georges area and ,browns ,bank
 and to a certain extent1 also1 the     
western portion of the ,inner ,grounds1 
the writer has had a considerable       
personal acquaintance from which to     
draw4  ,for the geographical and        
historical data the writer has quoted   
freely from various modern authors1 who1
 in their turn1 have drawn their facts  
from older records4 ,among those quoted 
are ,holmes's ,american ,annals2        
,parkman's ,pioneers of ,france in the  
,new ,world2 ,southgates ,history of    

,scarburo2 ,abbott and ,elwell's        
,history of ,maine2 ,willis's ,history  
of ,maine2 ,sabine's ,report on the     
,principal ,fisheries of the ,american  
,seas2 ,a ,history of the ,discovery of 
the ,east ,coast of ,north ,america1 by 
,dr4 ,john ,g4 ,kohl1 of ,bremen1       
,germany2 various chapters of ,hakluyt's
 ,voyages2 the ,journal of ,john        
,jocelyn1 ,gent42 and ,new ,england     
,trials of the famous ,captain ,john    
,smith4     ,,gulf ,,of                 
,,maine--,,geographical  ,,historical   
,,name  ,what is apparently the earliest
 mention of this body of water appears  
on some old ,icelandic charts that show1
 roughly1 ,cape ,cod ,bay in their      
southern areas and the ,bay of ,fundy in
 the northern4 ,on these maps the cape  
itself was shown on the ,promontory of  
,vinland and was given the name         
,kialarnes1 or the ,ship's ,nose1 from  
its resemblance in form to the high     
upturned prow of the old ,norse ships4  
,to the entire area of the gulf was     

given the title ,vinland's ,haf4        
,oviedo 7,historia ,general de las      
,indias7 sometimes names this gulf the  
,arcipelago de ,la ,tramontana1 or the  
,arcipelago ,septentrional--the northern
 archipelago4 ,he gives us to understand
 that he1 himself1 or ,chaves1 had this 
information from the ,report and ,survey
 of ,gomez1 who1 in his search for a    
northwest passage to ,asia in #aebe1    
discovered all these coasts lying       
between #da and #da #cj' north4 ,as a   
matter of fact1 his careful explorations
 certainly covered all the territory    
between #dj and #de degrees4  ,the      
,spanish navigators who followed ,gomez1
 in describing these coasts1 when       
indicating this gulf1 usually named it  
in honor of ,gomez1 the first of their  
nation to make a careful survey of its  
shores4 ,thus it became known as the    
,arcipelago de ,estevan ,gomez1 and the 
mainland behind it as ,la ,tierra de    
,gomez4 ,it was so named on the map of  
,ribero in #aebi who thus acknowledged  

the source of his information4  ,the    
,biscayans followed ,gomez but later    
gave way to the ,french fishermen1 who  
followed down the chain of banks        
extending southward from the ,grand     
,bank and entered these waters by way of
 ,cape ,sable4 ,these gave to it the    
name ,gulf of ,norumbega or ,sea of     
,norumbega4 ,the name ,norumbega was for
 a time applied to the coast lands and  
to the inland country stretching away   
indefinitely westward and northwestward 
from the waters of the gulf4  ,later1   
with the coming of the ,english and the 
establishment of their colony in        
,massachusetts1 the title ,massachusetts
 ,bay came into general use1 although   
this name was afterwards restricted to  
the smaller section of the gulf at      
present so termed4  ,the charter of     
,gorges 7in ,april1 #afci7 designated   
the territory deeded to him as the      
,province or ,county of ,maine1#d       
whence1 perhaps1 the modern custom of   
referring to these waters as the ,gulf  

of ,maine may have arisen4 ,this latest 
name seems especially appropriate1 in   
view of the fact that the present ,state
 of ,maine lying directly opposite its  
entrance capes1 stretches along the     
inner borders of the gulf and with its  
deeply indented shore line occupies by  
far the greatest section of its coasts4 
,thus the title has finally come into   
general use and acceptance in modern    
times4 ,apparently it was first         
officially proposed and used by the     
,edinburgh ,encyclopedia in #ahcb #e and
 later was adopted by the ,united       
,states ,coast ,survey4   ,footnote #d3 
,all that parte1 purport and porcion of 
the ,mayne ,land of ,new ,england1 we   
doe name1 ordeyne and appoynt shall     
forever hereafter bee called and named  
,the ,province and ,countie of ,mayne4  
,footnote #e3 ,edinburgh ,encyclopedia1 
,philadelphia edition1 by ,thomas       
,parker1 ,vol4 ,,xviii1 p4 #bfc4        
,,description  ,a very striking and     
peculiar body of water is this ,gulf of 

,maine1 markedly different in character 
from any other of the bays on the coast 
line of the eastern ,united ,states4    
,especially does it differ in the depth 
of its coastal waters1 where in all the 
others1 except the much smaller ,new    
,york ,bay1 the shoal water is found    
extending far out from the land4  ,in   
the ,gulf of ,maine1 however1 with the  
single exception of the vicinity of     
,ammens ,rock on the eastern part of    
,cashes ,bank1 the entire central area  
presents navigable deep water having a  
mean depth of #ajj fathoms1 out of which
 rise the various underwater plateaus1  
whose depths average about #ej fathoms  
and which constitute the larger of the  
fishing grounds4 ,in addition to these1 
many smaller banks and fishing spots are
 found nearer the land where they lie a 
along the #ej-;fathom curve4  ,in       
general this curve lies at a distance of
 about #af miles from the coast line1   
but in many instances it approaches much
 neared to the mainland4 ,from this     

#ej-;fathom depth the soundings decrease
 very gradually to the #bj and #aj      
fathom marks4  ,these latter soundings  
are often held far in toward the coast  
line1 even carrying the deep water well 
into the river mouths1 so that in deeply
 indented hays1 in long inlets running  
far into land1 in the river mouths1 the 
deep water behind the rocky headlands1  
or in the lee of the thousands of       
surf-washed islands that line the coast1
 are found innumerable safe anchorages  
within easy run of the fishing grounds1 
where the fleets may take shelter from a
 sudden blow or await the arrival of a  
fish day1 when conditions may permit    
making a set under the hardships of     
winter fishing4  ,if the marine features
 of this region are radically different 
from those of other coastal bodies of   
the eastern ,united ,states1 so1 too1   
the shore land1 battered as it has been 
by sea and storm or worn by glacial     
action or ,arctic currents1 is no less  
remarkable4  ,no other section of the   

eastern ,united ,states has a similar   
coast1 so serrated1 indented1 and       
rugged1 as has this shore line of the   
,gulf of ,maine4 ,here the battering by 
the forces of nature has resulted in    
making thousands of safe harbors and    
havens for the navigator4 ,all along    
shore are strewn hundreds of islands1 a 
characteristic feature of the region and
 one noted with wonder by every early   
explorer4 #f ,these islands1 if near the
 land1 are beautiful and smiling2 if in 
the open sea1 of rugged grandeur2 and   
mainland and island alike are inhabited 
by a numerous and hardy race of fisher  
folk4  ,the tides within the ,gulf of   
,maine have a very great rise and fall  
as compared with other waters in this   
region4 ,at the south of ,cape ,cod     
tides are seldom over #d feet in their  
range1 but beginning at once at the     
north of ,cape ,cod with a rise of from 
#g to #aj feet these increase quite     
constantly as they go eastward reaching 
about #bh feet in the neighborhood of   

,passamaquoddy ,bay1 to touch their     
highest point in the ,bay of ,fundy1    
where in many places is a rise and fall 
of #ej feet1 and in some few places     
tides of #gj feet are reported4 ,these  
,fundy tides probably are the greatest  
in the world4  ,this great ebb and flow 
of water serves to aid shipbuilding and 
the launching of vessels as well as to  
carry the deep water far up into the    
inlets of the coast and into the mouths 
of the rivers1 making these navigable   
for crafts of considerable size well    
into the land or up to the lowest falls 
of the streams4  ,the climate here is   
one of extremes1 and1 lying as it does  
between #db and #de north latitude1 the 
region may be said to be cold4          
,apparently the waters of the ,gulf of  
,maine are not affected by any stray    
current from the ,gulf ,stream1 which   
passes at a considerable distance from  
its mouth1 thus doing little to temper  
the cold of this area either on land or 
at sea4 ,whether these waters are cooled

 further by any flow from the ,labrador 
,current may be questioned4  ,the       
winters are long1 usually bringing heavy
 snowfalls2 and strong gales are        
frequent during much of the fall and    
winter season4 ,perhaps the most        
dangerous of these blows come out of the
 mountain to the north and northwest of 
the gulf4 ,thus1 in addition to the     
uncertainty of an opportunity to set    
gear when once upon the fishing grounds1
 the winter fishing here is not without 
its element of serious danger4 ,while   
the ice crop in northern ,new ,england  
never fails1 yet1 perhaps because of the
 strong tidal currents of these waters1 
the principal harbors rarely are closed 
by ice1 or1 if closed1 for but a few    
days only4  ,while the summers are      
fairly mild and in certain parts of them
 even extremely hot1 fogs are heavy and 
virtually continuous during the dog days
 7,july #bj to ,september #a74 when     
southerly and south-westerly breezes    
bring the warm moist air from the ,gulf 

,stream into the cooler currents from   
the land4 ,the fogs of ,fundy are       
especially noted1 even in these waters4 
,during the summer seasons winds from   
the east and north bring the only clear 
weather experienced in the outer chain  
of fishing grounds4  ,the main body of  
the gulf lies approximately between #db 
and #de north latitude4 ,it is in form  
like a deep bowl whose outer rim is made
 by ,georges ,bank and ,browns ,bank1   
with a narrow1 deep-water spillway      
between3 its area is half encircled in  
the arms of the mainland1 two           
conspicuous headlands reaching bodily   
seaward to mark its wide entrance at the
 opposite sides--,cape ,cod1 ,mass4 #g  
on the western side1 and ,cape ,sable1  
#h ,nova ,scotia1 on the eastern flank1 
distant from each other about #bcj      
miles4 ,these two capes range with each 
other about ,,ene4 and ,,wsw1 thus      
matching alike the general trend of the 
coast line1 of the island chains and of 
the offshore ledges within this area4   

,from a base line connecting these      
outposts of the gulf the distance to the
 ,maine coast opposite averages about   
#abj miles4 ,from ,cape ,sable1 at its  
eastern end1 the coast trends for some  
distance to the northwest1 whence a     
continuation of this course strikes the 
coast of ,maine near ,west ,quoddy ,head
 at a distance of rather more than #aaj 
miles4 ,from ,west ,quoddy head to ,cape
 ,elizabeth 7in a direct line about #afj
 miles7 the coast1 in general rough1    
rocky1 and with many lofty headlands is 
extremely irregular and deeply indented 
and follows a general course of ,,wsw4  
,thence1 the coast1 lower and becoming  
more and more sandy1 begins to trend    
more decidedly south-west until it      
reaches ,boston1 when it turns to the   
southeast1 and to the east toward ,cape 
,cod4  ,but this is not the entire      
story4 ,there remain outside of these   
stated limits the ,bay of ,fundy in the 
north1 with a possible area of #c1jjj   
square miles2 and at the south ,cape    

,cod ,bay1 whose area1 with that of the 
waters west of a perpendicular drawn    
from the western end of the base line   
that strikes the land in the vicinity of
 ,portsmouth1 ,n4 ,h4 makes an          
additional section containing close to  
#a1ejj square miles4 ,within the limits 
thus inclosed there are1 roughly1       
#cj1jjj square miles of most productive 
ground most intensively fished through  
all the year4  ,the ,bay of ,fundy is   
divided at its head by ,cape ,chignecto1
 making two branches to north and to    
east--,chignecto ,bay and ,minas ,basin4
 ,with these smaller areas1 lying as    
they do entirely within the territorial 
limits of ,canada1 ,american fishermen  
have little to do1 although both are    
valuable and productive fishing grounds4
   ,footnote #f3 ,william ,strachey     
7#afji71 speaking particularly of ,casco
 ,bay1 but the words equally applicable 
to almost any stretch of the ,maine     
coast1 says ,a very great bay in which  
there lyeth soe many islands and soe    

thick and neere together1 that can      
hardly be discerned the number1 yet may 
any ship pause betwixt1 the greatest    
part of them having seldom lesse water  
than eight or ten fathoms about         
them--,history of ,travalle into        
,virginia ,britannica4  ,footnote #g3   
,this1 the most striking cape of the    
,atlantic coast line1 made a very       
prominent landmark for all the early    
ocean voyagers approaching it1 and all  
were greatly impressed by it1 whether   
they came from the south and fought     
their way through its shoals to         
eastward1 or1 coming from the north1    
found themselves caught in the deep     
pocket which it makes with ,cape ,cod   
,bay4  ,the ,spaniard ,gomez 7#aebe7    
gave it the name ,cabo de do ,aricifes  
cape of the reefs1 referring to the     
dangerous shoals to the eastward4 ,the  
,frenchmen ,champlain and ,du ,monts    
named it ,cape ,blanc1 and the ,dutch   
pilots1 also noting its sandy cliffs1   
called it ,witte ,hoeck4 ,the ,english  

mariners at first accepted his last name
 of ,white ,cape1 but the ,english      
,captain ,anthony ,gosnold1 the first to
 make a direct passage to the waters of 
the ,gulf of ,maine from ,europe1       
although at first he called it ,shoal   
,hope1 soon changed this1 because of the
 success of his fishing1 to ,cape ,cod1 
which title1 commonplace though it be1  
has been the name to endure despite     
,prince ,charles's attempt to change it 
to ,cape ,james in honor of his father4 
,footnote #h3 ,cape ,sable1 at the      
southern end of ,nova ,scotia1 has held 
this title from very old times4 ,it is  
so indicated on a ,portuguese map of the
 middle of the sixteenth century4       
,,bay ,,of ,,fundy  ,at the different   
seasons of the year the entire ,bay of  
,fundy #i is a fishing ground for       
sardines and large herring2 and while   
these are of somewhat less importance in
 recent years than formerly1 the        
principal fisheries of this region still
 center around the herring              

industries--the supplying of the canning
 factories with the small herring used  
as sardines and the taking of large     
herring for food and bait4 ,the sardine 
industry of the ,state of ,maine is     
largely concentrated in the district    
about and including ,eastport and       
,lubec1 where about #cj of the #ei      
factories and #af of the #dc operating  
firms are located2 so that1 while the   
herring catches of recent years have    
fallen much short of their former       
proportions1 they still show imposing   
figures4  ,in the past much of the catch
 was taken in ,st4 ,andrews             
7,passamaquoddy7 ,bay and along the     
north shore of the ,bay of ,fundy to    
,lepreau ,bay and ,point4 ,lepreau4 ,of 
late years virtually no herring have    
been taken in these waters1 in which the
 herring schools that arrive in ,october
 were accustomed to remain until spring4
 ,of past fishing in this locality      
,capt4 ,sumner ,stuart1 of ,lubec1 says3
  ,the herring left ,st4 ,andrews ,bay  

and the ,north ,shore about #ahhe4      
,there is no summer netting there now4  
,those waters and ,lepreau ,bay were    
formerly very productive fishing        
grounds1 it being not unusual to take   
#e1jjj 7count7 big herrings 7food fish7 
in a single haul4 ,these were mainly    
spring and winter fishing grounds for   
large herring4 ,the fish seem to have   
disappeared from all these grounds at   
about the same time4#aj  ,in past years 
7#be to #cj years ago7 small herring    
were driven ashore in such quantities by
 their enemies--squid1 silver hake and  
dogfish--that it sometimes became       
necessary for the authorities at ,st4   
,john to use a snowplow to cover them   
where they lay decaying on the beach4   
,from the statistics of the sardine and 
smoked-herring industry for the year    
#aibd 7a year1 be it noted1 in which the
 sardine industry almost reached        
low--level mark for the pack7 the waters
 of the ,bay of ,fundy furnished to     
,american purchasers alone a total of   

herring for smoking and canning purposes
 amounting to #gf1gef1bej pounds valued 
to the fishermen at #ieg1ffe4 ,this     
showing1 poor as it is when compared    
with the figures of other years1 by no  
means represents the herring fishery as 
an unimportant industry4 ,there still   
remains to be accounted for the catch of
 herring of ,grand ,manan and the       
neighboring ,canadian ,provinces4  ,a   
new source of profit to the fishermen in
 this industry has been developed in the
 purchase of herring scales by firms    
engaged in the manufacture of artificial
 pearls4 ,for this purpose there were   
collected at ,eastport and ,lubec       
#gjj1jjj pounds of herring scales1      
valued at #ci1jjj2 and a further amount 
was taken at ,grand ,manan of #adj1jjj  
pounds1 valued at #g1jjj4 ,with other   
entrants already in the field1 this     
branch of the industry bids fair to grow
 to still greater importance4  ,an      
estimate of the number of weirs in ,st4 
,andrews ,bay1 by ,capt4 ,guilford      

,mitchell of ,eastport1 ,me41 is as     
follows3 ,canadian3 #aiba3 #abf weirs   
#aibc3 #dj weirs ,calais to ,eastport3  
#aiba3 #ce weirs2 #aibc3 #g weirs ,total
 number in operation1 #aibc1 ,canadian1 
about #cjj2 ,american less than #acj4   
,north ,shore and coast of ,nova        
,scotia4 ,along the ,north ,shore and   
from ,yarmouth to ,cape ,sable1 over a  
hard bottom1 cod abound4 ,the western   
shore of ,nova ,scotia is virtually all 
fishing ground for cod1 haddock1 hake1  
and cusk1 but trawling is somewhat      
handicapped here by strong tides and    
rocky bottom1 these combining to destroy
 much gear4 ,halibut are somewhat       
unusual on this western shore except    
about the mouth of the ,bay of ,fundy1  
but in summer these fish are            
occasionally found close inshore along  
the southwest coast1 going somewhat     
beyond ,digby to the northward4         
,haddocking is quite an important       
industry off ,yarmouth1 ,nova ,scotia1  
during the winter1 the sets being of    

rather short duration and made at the   
slack of the tide at high water4 ,this  
practice is made necessary by the heavy 
tidal currents on these grounds4  ,the  
whole western coast of ,nova ,scotia is 
herring ground at some season of the    
year4 ,drifting for herring was formerly
 a considerable industry from ,digby to 
,briers ,island1 but in these last few  
years it has not been important1        
although the year #aibg had a very good 
run of large food fish4 ,this western   
coast is also an important fishing area 
for lobster men4  ,swordfishing in the  
,bay of ,fundy was formerly profitable  
in ,september1 although these fish were 
never so numerous here as upon the outer
 shore of ,nova ,scotia4  ,st4 ,marys   
,bay is a summer herring ground4 ,good  
haddocking may be had here1 also1 from  
,april #ae to ,october #ae1 with the    
period from the opening of the fishing  
in ,april up to ,july #ae the best of   
it4  ,the mackerel fishery of the ,bay  
of ,fundy seems of comparatively small  

importance in these latter years4 ,the  
local fishermen say that the fish can   
not stem the tides of these waters6 ,the
 abundance of small herring should be an
 inducement sufficient to bring them    
here4 ,apparently these fish pass       
straight inshore northwesterly and reach
 the coast of ,maine4 ,a considerable   
amount of this species is taken by traps
 and by netting in ,st4 ,marys ,bay and 
in the general vicinity of ,yarmouth1   
,nova ,scotia1 as at ,cranberry ,head1  
,burns ,point4 ,beaver ,river1 ,woods   
,harbor1 and at various other points    
between ,yarmouth and ,cape ,sable2 but 
the inner waters of the ,bay of ,fundy  
show very slim catches when compared    
with the great amount taken on the outer
 shores of ,nova ,scotia in a normal    
mackerel season4 ,it has been #cb years1
 it is said1 since any number of        
mackerel have been hooked in ,st4       
,mary's ,bay4  ,lurcher ,shoal4 ,this   
lies ,,wsw1 from ,cape ,st1 ,mary #ai   
miles and ,,wnw1 from ,cape ,fourchu1   

distant #ac miles1 it is an irregularly 
shaped piece of bottom1 a rocky ground1 
about #e miles long1 north and south1 by
 #c miles wide1 ,there are a number of  
nubbles arising to #e1 #g1 and #i fathom
 depths--with a spot reported as having 
only #ab feet of water over it-- rising 
from the average depths over the rest of
 the shoal of from #ac to #ae fathoms4  
,over this generally rocky bottom are   
scattered patches of gravel and of      
shells1 ,depths about the shoal are from
 #cj to #ej fathoms over a bottom       
consisting mostly of stones1 ,tide rips 
are very heavy here1 ,the seasons and   
species found here are as on ,trinity3  
cod1 haddock1 pollock1 and herring1 it  
is a good lobster ground4  ,trinity     
,shoal4 ,this shoal1 #ad miles ,n4 by   
,w4 from ,cape ,fourchu and #g miles    
,,sw4 from ,cape ,st ,mary1 with a rocky
 bottom upon it and over an indefinite  
area about it1 is perhaps #c miles long1
 ,,ne and ,,sw1 by some #b miles wide4  
,near the center is a rock1 uncovered at

 low water1 but over the greater part of
 the shoal there are depths of from #f  
to #aj fathoms1 with an average of from 
#ab to #af fathoms over the sandy and   
stony ground about it4 ,there is a      
strong tide rip here on the eastern and 
northeastern part known as ,flood ,tide 
,eddy1 where is good fishing by hand    
line for pollock in ,september and      
,october4 ,cod and haddock are taken    
here in small amounts by trawling4 ,it  
is a herring ground also1 and there is a
 lobster ground on the shoal and all    
about it4  ,a cod ground extends        
offshore ,,sw from ,briers ,island1     
beginning about #e miles out from the   
island and extending to about #ah miles 
from the land4 ,its width is about #d   
miles4 ,depths over this area are from  
#dj to #fj fathoms over a hard1 shelly  
bottom4 ,cod are taken here in from #cj 
to #dd fathoms on the shoal ground      
running from #e miles from ,gull ,rock  
and the ,south-,west ,ledges down to the
 ,lurcher ,shoal1 a distance of about   

#bb miles4 ,between these points fishing
 is done mostly by hand-lining at a     
drift4 ,cod are taken over the ledges in
 #e fathoms of water and thence out to  
#fj fathoms about them from ,august to  
,november4 ,pollock are taken by the    
same method4 ,the best season is        
,august4 ,september1 and ,october4 ,this
 is a good lobster ground4  ,northwest  
,ledge4 ,lies about #c #c_/d miles      
northwesterly from ,briers ,island4     
,this is a piece of rocky bottom about  
#b miles long by something less than #a 
mile wide with depths of from #b to #aj 
fathoms over the ledge and soundings of 
#ab to #cj fathoms on the gravelly      
ground about it4 ,cod are found here in 
good number from ,september to          
,november1 inclusive1 and are taken by  
hand-lining4 ,pollock also are taken    
here in summer1 drailing by hand line4  
,a narrow piece of rocky ground with    
somewhat greater depths connects this   
with ,batsons ,shoal1 some #e miles     
,,sw41 the two thus making what is      

virtually one piece of ground4 ,depths  
on ,batsons ,shoal are rather less than 
on ,northwest ,ledge1 but the methods of
 fishing1 the species taken1 and the    
seasons of their abundance are the same 
on both4 ,the bottom all about these two
 grounds is rocky1 with from #bj to #dj 
fathoms inside of them1 but this deepens
 rapidly to #ajj fathoms over rocks and 
coarse gravel outside of them to ,w4 and
 ,,nw4  ,west-,northwest ,rips and the  
,flat ,ground4 ,these lie ,,wnw from    
,briers ,island1 extending offshore     
about #ah miles4 ,on the eastern end of 
this area1 two parallel shoals1 about #a
 miles across and having #ej-;fathom    
depths between them1 rise from the      
#ajj-;fathom depths of water over the   
muddy ground around them to reach #ae   
fathoms on the landward end of the rips1
 deepening to #ce fathoms off the       
western part1 where the two ridges come 
together at about #i miles distance from
 ,briers ,island1 to carry on to the    
westward over the ,flat ,ground1 which  

extends to a distance of about #ah miles
 from the island4  ,this ,flat ,ground1 
deepening gradually westward1 averages  
to have #ej fathoms of water over a     
level1 gravelly1 and rocky bottom1 to   
pitch down suddenly1 as do all other    
slopes of this piece of ground1 to the  
#ajj-;fathom depth1 which prevails on   
all sides of ,the ,rips4 ,currents are  
very strong here1 as elsewhere in these 
waters1 so that trawls are set only on  
the slack of the tides1 beginning about 
one hour before and remaining down until
 about one hour after these periods4    
,formerly this was a good ground for the
 taking of large herring4 ,in these days
 ,the ,rips furnish good cod and haddock
 fishing for the entire year1 with hake 
abundant at all times on the mud about  
them4 ,in fact2 virtually all the ground
 from this point south to the ,lurcher  
,shoal furnishes good fishing for these 
species4  ,boars ,head ,ground 7also    
called ,inner ,ground74 ,this parallels 
the coast about #d miles ,n4 by ,,nw    

from the ,head1 at ,petit ,passage1 into
 ,st4 ,marys ,bay4 ,this ground is about
 #d miles long by #c miles wide1 having 
depths from #ee to #fe fathoms over a   
hard bottom of broken ground4 ,cod are  
most numerous here from ,april to ,july1
 inclusive2 haddock from ,july to       
,september1 inclusive4 ,hake are found  
here in summer and early fall1          
principally on the muddy ground between 
this and the next fishing ground--the   
,outer ,ground4  ,outer ,ground4 ,this  
is about #c miles long by #b miles wide1
 lies about #i miles out from the main  
on the same bearing as the ,inner       
,ground1 and is visited by the same     
species1 their periods of abundance upon
 this piece of bottom being the same as 
on the former ground4 ,virtually all    
taking of ground fish on these grounds  
is done by hand-lining1 though the      
practice of trawl fishing has come more 
and more into use in recent years4      
,head and ,horns4 ,a shoal of #fh       
fathoms1 about #b miles long in a ,,nne 

and ,,ssw direction by #a mile wide1    
lies due north from the ,boars ,head of 
,long ,island4 ,here is a hard bottom   
where good cod fishing is had during the
 spring and summer4 ,hand-lining from   
the bottom is carried on in summer for  
pollock4 ,haddock are few here1 these   
appearing mostly in the summer4 ,depths 
about the ground average #hj fathoms    
over mud and stones4  ,sandy ,cove      
,ground4 ,lies offshore ,,nne about #g  
miles from ,west ,sandy ,cove4 ,it has  
from #dj to #ej fathoms of water over a 
sandy bottom1 lying parallel with the   
coast1 about #d miles long by #b miles  
wide4 ,cod are abundant on this ground  
from ,may to ,july1 hake coming somewhat
 later4 ,as were most of the grounds of 
this vicinity1 this ground was mainly a 
hand-line spot1 but in recent years     
fishing here has been done mostly by the
 trawl method4  ,inner ,sandy ,cove     
,grounds4 ,about #b miles ,,nnw4 from   
,west ,sandy ,cove4 ,these are #c miles 
long ,,nne4 and ,,ssw4 by  mile wide4   

,both hand-lining and trawling methods  
of fishing are in use here1 but the     
trawl is fast displacing the older gear4
 ,depths are about #ce fathoms over a   
sandy bottom and #ej fathoms all about  
it4 ,species and their seasons of       
abundance are as on the ,outer ,sandy   
,cove ,ground4 ,almost anywhere between 
,spencer ,island and ,cape ,split there 
is good haddock fishing in ,june and    
,july and cod fishing in ,may and ,june4
 ,depths are from #af to #dj fathoms3   
the bottom is generally stony1 with     
considerable areas of gravel4 ,the      
fishing is done principally by trawling1
 rather short sets being made4 ,off     
,cape ,split are considerable           
whirlpools1 which1 with spring tides1   
are very dangerous4 ,these sometimes run
 #i knots an hour4  ,spencer ,island4   
,almost anywhere between ,spencer       
,island and ,cape ,split there is good  
haddock fishing in ,june and ,july and  
cod fishing in ,may and ,june4 ,depths  
are from #af to #dj fathoms3 the bottom 

is generally stony1 with considerable   
areas of gravel4 ,the fishing is done   
principally by trawling1 rather short   
sets being made4 ,off ,cape ,split are  
considerable whirlpools1 which1 with    
spring tides1 are very dangerous4 ,these
 sometimes run #i knots an hour4  ,isle 
au ,haute4 ,lies far up within the bay  
#i miles ,w4  ,s4 from ,cape ,chignecto4
 ,all about this island are good summer 
haddock grounds with fair cod fishing4  
,the latter are taken by trawling       
principally4 ,depths about the island   
are from #i to #ad fathoms1 deepening   
offshore to #ce1 the average depths     
being #bb to #bg fathoms4 ,north of the 
island the bottom is generally sandy2   
elsewhere much of the ground is rocky or
 stony1 with here and there a small     
patch of gravelly ground4 ,to the ,s4 of
 this ground1 toward the ,nova ,scotia  
shore and to within #b miles of the     
coast1 the bottom is mainly muddy and of
 little account as a fishing ground4    
,tides are very heavy on all the inner  

grounds of the ,bay of ,fundy4  ,quaco  
,ledges4 ,this ground lies about #aj    
miles ,,se1 from ,quaco ,head and is out
 at low tide1 the water about the ledges
 having depths from #ad to #cj fathoms  
over a bottom of stones and gravel1     
,there is a heavy tide rip over these   
ledges when covered1 ,these furnish good
 pollock fishing in the summer months1  
and cod fishing is carried on here by   
hand-lining from ,may to ,july4  ,salmon
 ,netting ,ground4 ,a salmon-netting    
ground lies off about the ,mouth        
,harbour and ,st1 ,john ,harbour1 where 
these fish are netted1 for the most part
 during ,june and ,july1 when they are  
en route to the ,st1 ,john ,river1 where
 are their spawning grounds4  ,ingalls  
,shoal4 ,this is the name given by some 
of the fishermen of the vicinity to a   
shoal lying about midway between ,digby1
 ,nova ,scotia1 and ,point ,lepreau1    
,new ,brunswick4 ,this ground is about  
#i miles long4 ,,ne4 and ,,sw41 by about
 #e miles wide4 ,it lies about #bb miles

 ,,nw4 from ,digby and #ah or #bj miles 
from ,point ,lepreau4 ,the depths are   
from #ce fathoms on the shoalest area   
7where is a piece of ground some #d     
miles long by #a mile wide near the     
center of the bank1 lying in a ,,ne4 and
 ,,sw4 direction71 the bottom sloping   
away from this on all sides to #dg or   
even #ee fathoms in a few places4 ,the  
bottom is mostly of sand and gravel or  
of small stones over much of the ground 
except for the shoal parts1 where it is 
mainly rocky4 ,this piece of fishing    
ground furnishes good cod fishing in    
,june1 ,july1 and ,august1 which        
formerly was carried on by hand-lining  
but now1 as elsewhere in the bay1 is    
more and more becoming a trawl fishery4 
,haddock and pollock also are taken here
 in fair amounts4  ,mussel ,shoal       
,ground4 ,this is a mussel-covered      
bottom lying #h miles ,,ese4 from the   
,eastern ,wolf and #i miles from ,point 
,lepreau4 ,it runs in an ,e4 and ,w4    
direction and is about #b miles long by 

#a mile wide4 ,depths are from #dj to   
#ej fathoms4 ,this is a mussel and      
scallop bed1 where large cod are usually
 in abundance in winter4 ,pollock are   
plenty here in ,june1 and hake are here 
and in the surrounding ,hake ,ground in 
all the summer months4  ,the ,wolves4   
,these make a group of small islands    
lying ,n4  ,e4 from ,grand ,manan1      
distant #h or #aj miles4 ,on the bottom 
of rocks and gravel1 extending about a  
mile from the shores of these1 in depths
 of from #ah to #cd fathoms1 small boats
 and small vessels take a quantity of   
fish by trawl and hand line4 ,these are 
mainly haddock and cod grounds in ,may  
and ,june and pollock grounds in ,june  
and ,july4 ,it is also a winter lobster 
ground for ,canadian fishermen4  ,the   
,wolves ,bank4 ,this bank lies between  
,the ,wolves and ,grand ,manan1 distant 
about #h miles from ,east ,quoddy       
,light1 ,,se4  ,e4 ,marks3 ,the ,coxcomb
 showing to the eastward and just       
touching on the western edge of ,green  

,island3 bring the heads of ,grand      
,manan to form ,the ,armchair1 and      
,white ,horse and ,simpson ,island into 
range4 ,this is a small-boat ground of  
scarcely more than #f acres1 with depths
 of #ah to #cj fathoms on a bottom of   
rocks and mud4 ,species and seasons are 
as on ,the ,wolves4 ,southeast from ,the
 ,wolves from #b to #bj miles lies a    
piece of muddy bottom where hake are    
usually abundant in summer4  ,campobello
 and vicinity4 ,fair quantities of      
haddock and cod are found between ,grand
 ,manan and the ,american shore in the  
,north ,channel 7,grand ,manan ,channel7
 between ,west ,quoddy ,head and ,grand 
,manan in depths of from #dj to #ej     
fathoms1 over a bottom of rocks1 mud1   
and sand in ,june1 ,july1 and ,august   
and up to ,september #ae1 while hake is 
the most abundant species present4  ,no 
haddock or cod are on these grounds in  
winter4 ,halibut are taken in similar   
numbers in the ,north ,channel in ,may1 
,june1 and ,july4 ,pollock are taken on 

the western side of ,campobello ,island1
 near the eastern side of ,indian       
,island1 and at the mouth of the channel
 between ,campobello and ,casco ,bay    
,island4 ,in all these places are strong
 tidal eddies4 ,some fish are taken by  
seining1 but most are caught by hook and
 line in a small-boat fishery lasting   
from ,june #a to ,september #a4  ,all   
around ,campobello and ,deer ,island and
 on the ,new ,brunswick shore as far as 
,st4 ,john are located weirs1 which     
furnish large quantities of herring to  
the factories at ,eastport and ,lubec4  
,passamaquoddy ,bay4 #aa ,depths here   
are from #aj to #bd fathoms1 even #cj   
fathoms where the ,st4 ,croix ,river    
passes out into the sea4 ,in general the
 bottom is muddy1 although there are    
rocky patches4 ,in most years a school  
of cod strikes here in ,april1 the early
 corners being mostly of small size1 but
 the later arrivals may reach #cj1 #dj1 
or even #fj pounds4 ,haddock sometimes  
make their appearance in the bay as     

early as ,may #a1 remaining through     
,august4 ,hake1 also1 are present from  
,june to ,september1 but this excellent 
fish is held of little account by local 
fishermen4 ,a considerable flounder     
industry is developing in these waters1 
the fish being taken in specially       
devised traps as well as by the smaller 
otter trawls4  ,passamaquoddy ,bay is   
also a spring netting ground for herring
 7food fish71 and there are also many   
weirs in operation here each year whose 
catch goes to the factories of ,eastport
 and ,lubec for canning as sardines4    
,pollock are very abundant1 and a great 
deal of fishing for them is carried on  
from ,june to ,october1 both by seine   
and hand line4 ,at times the pollock    
completely fill the many herring weirs1 
until1 from their numbers1 there is no  
market for them4 ,pollock are also      
abundant at the same season and are     
taken by the same methods in the ,st4   
,croix ,river1 though perhaps they leave
 the river a month earlier in the fall4 

,the ,mud ,hake ,grounds4 ,these grounds
 extend about ,n4 and ,s4 between       
,campobello and ,the ,wolves and from   
about ,west ,quoddy ,head to ,grand     
,manan4 ,their length is about #ae to   
#ah miles and their width #c miles4     
,this is a summer ground much used by   
,canadian fishermen out of ,campobello1 
,grand ,manan1 and ,beaver ,harbor4 ,it 
is said to be the best hake grounds in  
this vicinity4 ,depths are from #de to  
#fj fathoms1 and fishing is done by     
trawls and hand lines4  ,there is a     
stretch of muddy bottom from ,point     
,lepreau and ,beaver ,harbor to ,grand  
,manan1 which furnishes good hake       
fishing4 ,in general1 the bottom on the 
western side of the ,bay of ,fundy is   
muddy4 ,off ,beaver ,harbor on a mud    
bottom with #cj fathoms of water cod are
 found the year around1 although this   
fishery is mainly carried on in the     
winter in small craft from ,beaver      
,harbor and ,campobello1 mostly by      
trawling1 but some hand-lining is       

carried on4  ,beaver ,harbor4 ,there is 
a stretch of muddy bottom from ,point   
,lepreau and ,beaver ,harbor to ,grand  
,manan1 which furnishes good hake       
fishing4 ,in general1 the bottom on the 
western side of the ,bay of ,fundy is   
muddy4 ,off ,beaver ,harbor on a mud    
bottom with #cj fathoms of water cod are
 found the year around1 although this   
fishery is mainly carried on in the     
winter in small craft from ,beaver      
,harbor and ,campobello1 mostly by      
trawling1 but some hand-lining is       
carried on4  ,grand ,manan ,bank4 ,this 
bank is at the entrance of the ,bay of  
,fundy1 ,,sw4  ,s4 from the southwest   
head of ,grand ,manan ,island from which
 the northern part of the bank is #ae   
miles distant4 ,from ,mount ,desert     
,rock1 ,e4 by ,s41 it is #de miles      
distant4 ,the bank is #aj miles long and
 #e miles wide1 extending in a ,,ne4 and
 ,,sw4 direction4 ,the bottom is mostly 
stones and gravel1 the depths running   
from #bd to #de fathoms4 ,soundings of  

#ah and #ba fathoms are found on the    
northeast part4  ,cod 7especially       
abundant when the ,june school is on the
 ground7 and pollock are the principal  
fish4 ,haddock are not usually abundant1
 although sometimes they are plentiful  
in the fall from late ,september to     
,december2 hake are fairly abundant on  
the mud between ,grand ,manan ,bank and 
the ,middle ,ground 7in ,the ,gully74   
,this is a good halibut bank1 the fish  
being in #cc to #fj fathoms in ,june and
 ,july2 the southwest soundings and the 
southeast soundings are most productive 
always4  ,the best fishing season is    
from ,april to ,october1 when the fish  
come to this bank to feed4 ,in the      
spring the fish1 other than halibut1 are
 mostly on the southwest part1 but later
 7,july to ,october7 the best fishing is
 had on the northern edge of the ground4
 ,the very best herring fishing for     
large herring 7food fish7 occurs on this
 bank in ,june and ,july4 ,in general1  
this is a small-vessel ground fished by 

craft from ,cutler1 ,eastport1 ,grand   
,manan1 and1 to a less extent1          
,yarmouth1 ,nova ,scotia1 with an       
occasional visit by craft from ,portland
 and ,rockland1 chiefly trawlers of     
moderate size4  ,tides run ,,ne4 in     
flood and ,,sw4 on the ebb and are quite
 strong1 the flood being the heaviest4  
,because of these powerful currents1    
fishing is somewhat difficult1 it being 
necessary to make sets at the slack of  
the tides1 getting the gear over and    
traveling with the finish of the        
current1 to take it up and come back    
with the tide's return4  ,clarks        
,ground4 ,this lies ,,sse4 from ,white  
head #d miles 7just inside the          
,bulkhead7 and has depths from #f to #ad
 fathoms over a rocky bottom4 ,here are 
very heavy rips on the ebb tide4 ,this  
is a good summer ground for pollock1    
cod1 and halibut1 and it is a good      
herring-netting ground in the season4   
,southern ,head ,reef4 ,the chain of    
reefs extending ,s from ,white ,head    

,island is all good ground in summer for
 cod and for pollock1 also1 when the    
herring schools are on this ground4     
,currents are very heavy here4 ,the     
ledges that make up this reef are more  
or less connected4 ,among these are     
,brazil ,shoal1 ,tinker1 ,inner         
,diamond1 ,outer ,diamond1 ,crawleys1   
,rans1 ,proprietor 7,foul ,ground71 and 
the ,old ,proprietor4 ,while virtually  
all this reef is pollock ground1        
,crawleys and ,rans perhaps furnish the 
best fishing4  ,gravelly4 ,lying about  
#e or #f miles ,,se4 by ,s4 from ,white 
,head1 this piece of bottom has about   
#be-;fathom depths over a rocky bottom4 
,this is a cod and pollock ground in    
their season4 ,while an occasional      
halibut is taken here in summer4 ,heavy 
tide rips occur here also4  ,the        
,soundings4 ,mentioned elsewhere as a   
herring ground1 these lie outside the   
,bulkhead ,rips #h or #i miles ,,se4    
from ,white ,head4 ,there are #cj or #dj
 fathoms of water here over a rock      

bottom1 where pollock and cod are found 
in good number in ,july1 ,august1 and   
,september1 and a certain amount of     
halibut in summer4  ,bulkhead ,rips1    
also called ,the ,ripplings4 ,this is a 
long rocky barrier rising sharply from  
the deep water about it to depths of    
from #ab to #bj fathoms4 ,here are found
 cod1 haddock1 hake1 and pollock in     
abundance from ,june #a to ,october #ca4
 ,apparently all are feeding on the     
small herring1 so numerous in this      
vicinity at this season4 ,virtually no  
haddock are found on the grounds in the 
near neighborhood of ,grand ,manan in   
winter4 ,the ,ripplings were formerly   
one of the principal fishing grounds of 
the herring netters but of late years   
have been less productive4  ,cards      
,reef4 ,the depths here are from #bh to 
#cj fathoms1 over rocks1 and the ground 
lies #c miles ,s4 by ,e4 from the ,old  
,proprietor and #i miles from ,white    
,head4 ,this is a cod and haddock ground
 from ,june to ,november4  ,gannet      

,rock4 ,this lies east of the ,murre    
,ledges4 ,all about it is good ground in
 from #dj to #gj fathoms over a hard    
bottom4 ,cod are found here in good     
number from ,march to ,may1 and halibut 
are taken here from ,march to ,may1     
inclusive4  ,southeast ,ground and      
,gravel ,bottom4 ,these lie ,s4 of ,seal
 ,island1 forming an extensive piece of 
fairly level ground extensive piece of  
fairly level ground4 ,the western part  
bears a little ,e4 of ,s4 and the       
eastern part about ,,ese4 from the      
island4 ,it is about #e or #aj miles in 
diameter4 ,while this is really but one 
piece of ground1 the eastern part is    
called the ,southeast ,ground and the   
western part1 from the nature of its    
bottom1 the ,gravel ,bottom4 ,the       
eastern portion is muddy and has #dj to 
#fj fathoms4 ,the western has #ce to #dj
 fathoms4 ,it is a good cod ground in   
winter and spring4 ,haddock are present 
from ,november to ,march1 inclusive2    
hake in summer4 ,fishing is done mainly 

by trawling by sloops and vessels4      
,machias ,seal ,island4 ,nineteen miles 
,e4 by ,s4 from ,moosabec ,light4 ,this 
furnishes good ground in the water all  
about it1 where depths are from #ae to  
#ed fathoms over a generally rocky and  
uneven bottom4 ,in summer cod1 haddock1 
and pollock are abundant here1 the cod  
and haddock remaining all winter4 ,the  
fishery is carried on mostly by the     
smaller vessels from ,maine ports1      
principally those from ,cutler1 with an 
occasional visit by larger craft1       
usually from the ,portland fleet4 ,this 
ground is not much visited in winter4   
,fishing is done by trawling and        
hand-lining4  ,gannet ,rock4 ,this lies 
east of the ,murre ,ledges4 ,all about  
it is good ground in from #dj to #gj    
fathoms over a hard bottom4 ,cod are    
found here in good number from ,march to
 ,may1 and halibut are taken here from  
,march to ,may1 inclusive4   ,table     
,i--,fishing ,grounds of the ,bay of    
,fundy ,area of the ,gulf of ,maine1    

showing the principal species taken upon
 them4   ,footnote #i3 ,it 7,fundy7 was 
not clearly indicated by ,verrazano     
7#aebd7 nor in the report of ,gomez     
7#aebe71 who probably saw something of  
its entrance but fog or other           
unfavorable circumstances may have      
prevented him from observing it more    
accurately1 but we find in the first old
 ,spanish maps1 in the latitude where it
 ought to be1 names like these3  ,rio   
hondo or 'fondo' 7a deep river7 or      
,bahia ,hondo 7a deep bay71 or ,golfo 7a
 gulf7 once1 also ',la ,bahia de la     
ensenada'1 the bay of the deep inlet4   
,doctor ,kohl1 here quoted further says 
,on the maps of the seventeenth and     
early part of the eighteenth century1   
especially1 it is written ,bay of       
,funda4 ,i believe that this name grew  
out from and is a revival of1 the old   
,spanish name ',bahia fondo'4  ,footnote
 #aj3 ,it is gratifying to announce that
 the winter of #aibe-bf saw a large run 
of herring on this ground1 where for a  

number of years past there has been     
virtually no fishing for this species4  
,footnote #aa3 ,according to ,porter ,c4
 ,bliss1 a thorough student of the      
,indian dialects1 ,acadie is a pure     
,micmac word meaning place4 ,in ,nova   
,scotia and ,maine it is used by the    
,indians in composition with other      
words1 as in ,pestum-,acadie2 and in    
,etchemin1 ,pascatum-,acadie1 now       
,passamaquoddy1 meaning 'the place of   
the pollocks' 7,doctor ,kohl1 ,dis4 of  
,maine1 p4 #bcd7  ,this derivation is   
doubtful4 ,the ,micmac word ,quoddy1    
,kady1 or ,cadie means simply a place or
 region and is properly used in         
conjunction with some other noun2 as1   
for example1 ,pestum-oquoddy            
7,passamaquoddy71 the place of pollocks4
 7,dawson and ,hand1 in ,canadian       
,antiquarian and ,numismatic ,journal7  
,la ,cadie1 or ,arcadie3 ,the word is   
said to be derived from the ,indian     
,aquoddiaukie1 or ,aquoddie1 supposed to
 mean the fish called a pollock4 ,the   

,bay of ,passamaquoddy1 'great pollock  
water1' if we may accept the same       
authority1 derives its name from the    
same origin4 7,potter1 in ,historical   
,magazine1 ,i1 #hd7     ,,inner         
,,grounds  ,under this heading are      
listed those grounds of the innermost   
chain of shoals1 ledges1 and fishing    
spots1 patches of rocky and gravelly    
bottom1 the deeper water between them   
being over the muddy ground1 which line 
the coast of the ,gulf of ,maine1 making
 of it an almost continuous piece of    
fishing ground4 ,in the ,reports of the 
,united ,states ,bureau of ,fisheries1  
on which all the statistics of the catch
 and value of the various species quoted
 in this report are based1 these figures
 are grouped under the heading ,shore4  
,the larger and more important of these 
grounds are outcroppings along the edge 
of the #ej-;fathom curve and lie at     
distances varying from #ab to #bj miles 
offshore2 but there are many inside this
 line1 and where the deep water of the  

,gulf of ,maine extends so far inshore  
some are close in to the land4 ,thus1   
nearly all are within comparatively easy
 reach even for the smaller craft 7where
 these all now have power7 and so       
furnish productive fishing for a large  
fleet of gill netters and sloops 7small 
craft of from #e to #aj tons net7 and to
 the myriad of under-ton boats 7of less 
than #e tons net71 all these being      
enabled to run offshore1 make a set1 and
 return the same day4  ,with the        
uncertainties of the weather and the    
hazards of the winter fishing1 very     
often the large vessels also follow this
 practice on those not too frequent fish
 days 7when conditions permit fishing   
outside 7 that intervene between the    
storms2 and with the scarcity of fish in
 the markets usual to the season and the
 consequent better price for the catch1 
with ordinary fishing luck they are well
 paid for doing so4  ,the fish of these 
shore grounds1 due perhaps to the       
greater abundance of food here1 are     

thought to be distinctly superior in    
quality to those of the same species    
taken on the offshore banks4 ,the cod   
and the haddock1 especially1 of the     
,gulf of ,maine are particularly well   
conditioned fish and are noted for their
 excellence4  ,the figures presented in 
,table #b show only a fraction of the   
catch from the ,inner ,grounds1 since   
they deal entirely with the fares of    
fishing vessels of #e net tons and over4
 ,there are literally thousands of the  
so-called licensed or under-tonned      
boats1 mainly gill-netters1 that take   
millions of pounds from these waters    
annually1 principally cod and haddock4  
,on the ,maine coast and across the line
 in ,new ,brunswick there are more than 
#cjj weirs which furnished to ,american 
smokers and canners during the year     
#aibc 7whose figures have been chosen as
 representing an average season7        
#gg1jjj1jjj pounds of herring4 ,on the  
coast of ,massachusetts there are #ej or
 more weirs and fish traps1 and from the

 ,isle of ,shoals to ,pemaquid ,point in
 ,maine there are more than #ej floating
 traps in the various bays1 on the      
points of offshore islands1 or even in  
the open sea1 and all these take a rich 
harvest from these waters4 ,then1 too1  
there is the lobster fishery1 more      
important in the ,gulf of ,maine than   
anywhere else in the ,united ,states4   
,of these various branches of the       
fisheries industries few statistics are 
available1 yet we may say that the      
figures of the #aiai census showed that 
the under-ton boats mentioned landed    
#e1cbd1dbf pounds of fish at the port of
 ,boston1 mostly of cod and haddock1 and
 that the same type of craft in #aibc   
landed at ,portland1 ,me41 more than    
#c1jjj1jjj pounds1 principally of ground
 fish4 ,we also know that every island1 
hamlet1 village1 town1 and city along   
this nearly #d1jjj 'miles of coast line 
takes its toll from the sea4  ,lukes    
,rock4 ,this rock lies ,s4 by ,e4 #c    
miles from ,moosabec ,light1 circular in

 shape1 and about #a mile in diameter4  
,depths are from #be to #ce fathoms2 the
 bottom is rocks1 gravel1 and mud4 ,this
 is mainly a small-boat fishing ground1 
but there is some vessel fishing4 ,hake 
are taken here from ,june to ,september1
 inclusive2 cod are present about the   
rocks the year around4 ,pollock are here
 in spring and fall1 and haddock from   
,december to ,february1 inclusive4      
,fishing is by trawl and hand line4     
,newfound ,ground4 ,a small rocky spot  
about #a_/d mile across with an         
automatic buoy in the center for        
guidance into the ,bay of ,fundy4 ,this 
is a small-boat ground having depths    
averaging #ah fathoms4 ,it lies about #c
 miles ,s4 by ,w4 from ,moosabec ,light4
 ,species and seasons are as on ,lukes  
,rock4 ,fishing is by trawl and hand    
line4  ,henrys ,rock4 ,five miles ,,sw4 
by ,s4 from ,moosabec ,light4 #a_/d mile
 in diameter1 and #cj fathoms over a    
level bottom4 ,fishing is done by hand  
line and trawl4 ,cod are present the    

year around1 a few haddock in the fall1 
hake in the summer but not in the fall1 
and pollock in spring and fall4         
,handspike ,ground4 ,eight miles ,,sw4  
by ,s4 from ,moosabec ,light1 nearly    
circular in form1 and  mile across4 ,it 
has a bottom of rocks and depths of from
 #ce to #dj fathoms4 ,species and       
seasons are the same as on ,lukes ,rock1
 but mainly cod and pollock are taken   
here by trawl and hand line4  ,western  
,egg ,rock4 ,this is ,,sw4 from         
,moosabec ,light1 #h miles distant1     
lying in a ,,ne4 and ,,sw4 direction1 #c
 miles long by #a mile wide4 ,the bottom
 is irregular1 sharp1 and rocky and has 
#be to #cj fathoms4 ,fishing here is    
mostly by hand line1 the ground being   
said to be too rough for trawling4 ,this
 is a small-boat ground1 and fishing is 
done mainly in the summer season4 ,cod  
and pollock are taken in the spring1    
summer1 and fall2 haddock are present in
 spring and fall2 and cusk in #ce to #dj
 fathoms in spring and fall4 ,this is   

not a hake ground4  ,old ,egg ,rock4    
,this rock is ,,wsw4 from ,moosabec     
,light1 #f miles distant1 and running in
 a ,,ne4 and ,,sw4 direction4 ,it is #c 
miles long by #a mile wide2 has a rocky 
bottom and depths of #be to #cj fathoms4
 ,this is also a small-boat ground1     
where fishing is done mainly by hand    
lines1 but trawls also are employed4    
,this ground is fished by the larger    
vessels in the fall months when the     
weather is too rough for fishing on the 
outside grounds4 ,cod1 haddock1 and a   
few pollock are taken in spring and     
fall2 hake in fair number in the fall   
months4  ,middle ,ridge ,this is ,w4 by 
,s4 from ,moosabec ,light #c miles4 ,it 
lies in a ,,ne4 and ,,sw4 direction and 
is about #a mile long by  mile wide4    
,the depths are from #ah to #be fathoms 
and the bottom is rough and rocky4 ,it  
is a small-boat ground mostly and of    
little importance as a fishing ground4  
,cod are present the year around haddock
 in late spring and summer with a       

smaller number in the fall4 ,cusk are   
here the year around4 ,a few pollock are
 here in the spring and fall4  ,broken  
,ground4 ,this lies ,s by ,e from       
,moosabec light1 #ae miles1 whence the  
ground extends ,,wsw to within #d miles 
of ,mount ,desert ,rock with an average 
width of #a mile4 ,the depths run from  
#ae to #ajj fathoms4 ,the shallows are  
sharp and rocky2 the deeps1 clay and    
gravel4 ,there are places  mile long and
 others #c miles long having depths of  
#gj fathoms4 ,several of these spots    
have special names3 ,crawley's ,rocks1  
,puzzling ,rock1 ,the ,ridges4 ,the     
grounds mentioned here and those        
previously mentioned are known to the   
fishermen as the ,moosabec ,ridges4 ,all
 these seem to be fishing spots cropping
 out upon the #ej fathom curve4 ,on the 
,broken ,ground the fishing season is   
from ,june #a through ,september4       
,herring usually are abundant here from 
,may to ,september4 ,cod are taken      
outside of the grounds in spring and    

fall4 ,pollock and small cod are taken  
on the shoals in summer and fall1 and   
hake on the mud bottom in summer and    
fall and hake on the mud bottom in      
summer and fall4  ,tibbetts' ,ledge4    
,this lies east from ,petit ,manan #d or
 #e miles4 ,the marks are ,schoodic     
,island over ,green ,island of ,petit   
,manan and the ,ladle over ,nash's      
,island4 ,this ledge consists of two    
rocky shoals with depths of #c to #c    
fathoms1 about one acre apiece in extent
 and #a_/d mile apart lying ,,nw and    
,,se from each other4 ,to the westward  
of these is broken ground nearly to     
,petit ,manan4 ,these are favorite      
small-boat grounds4 ,the eastern ledge  
drops suddenly into the mud4 ,in ,may   
large cod are caught over the muddy     
bottom just ,e of the ledge in #bg to   
#cj fathoms4 ,hake and haddock are taken
 in late spring 7,may7 and fall4        
,fishing is by hand line and trawl4     
,ben's ,ground4 ,lies ,,ese from ,petit 
,manan #d or #e miles4 ,the marks are   

,petit ,manan ,light to northward of    
,middle ,hill of ,mount ,desert and     
,humpback ,mountain on the west side of 
,trafton's ,island or ,pond ,island     
,light to the eastward of ,jordan's     
,delight4 ,the ground is circular in    
shape1 about #c_/d mile across1 having  
#ad to #cj fathoms of water4 ,the bottom
 is of rocks and mud4 ,this ground is of
 little importance except as a          
small-boat ground in summer for cod and 
haddock4 ,hake are taken on the muddy   
bottom near it1 ,it is a winter haddock 
ground in calm weather1 these fish      
leaving it in the storms1 the water     
being somewhat too shallow for them to  
ride out a blow in comfort1 ,such at    
least is the reason the fishermen give  
for the sudden cessation of their taking
 on shoal grounds after a period of     
heavy weather4  ,southeast ,rock4 ,this 
is a ledge1 nearly uncovered at low tide
 on its shoalest spot1 ,,sse from ,petit
 ,manan and #d miles distant1 ,the shoal
 portions slope toward the ,,ne a       

distance of #d miles over an irregular  
bottom1 ,depths vary from #ag to #cj    
fathoms1 ,the shoals are rocky1 and the 
deeps are muddy1 ,cod and haddock are   
taken here in ,may and ,june1 hake from 
,july to ,september1 ,it is a good      
lobster ground1 also1 ,fishing here is  
by handline and trawl operated from     
vessels and small boats from near-by    
,maine ports4  ,broken ,ridges aka ,joe 
,roy ,ground4 ,this lies ,,sse from     
,petit ,manan #g miles to the center4   
,it is #b miles long ,,ne and ,,sw and  
one mile wide and from #bg to #cc       
fathoms1 and the bottom of rocks and mud
 is very uneven1 ,the shoalest portion  
is near the center4 ,it is said to be a 
good cod and haddock ground1 and is     
mainly a small boat ground1 although    
some vessel fishing is carried on here  
in the spring4  ,black ,ledges ,ground4 
,this ground lies between ,jordan's     
,delight and the ,halibut ,ledges1 or   
,black ,ledges4 ,it is a good haddock   
ground for a brief season in the spring 

and early summer when the fish are      
following the herring schools4 ,in      
general it is a small-boat ground on    
which chiefly hand lines and trawls are 
operated1 ,a few cod and cusk are taken 
here in the fall1 and it is a good      
lobster ground4  ,bakers ,island ,ridge4
 ,this is a narrow ledge making out from
 ,bakers ,island ,e1 by ,n4 ,the eastern
 part bears ,s4 by ,e4 from ,schoodic   
,island #c_/d mile distant ,the ridge is
 much broken1 its average width being   
mile1 and it has depths of from #bj to  
#be fathoms over a rocky and gravelly   
bottom4 ,it is not much fished on the   
shoaler spots1 but in #cj to #ce        
fathoms1 on a muddy bottom1 hake are    
abundant from ,july to ,october1        
inclusive4 ,cod and cusk are found here 
in the spring and fall2 haddock from    
,october to ,january1 inclusive4        
,fishing here is done by small boats and
 small vessels mainly from ,bass ,harbor
 and ,southwest ,harbor by trawl and    
hand line4 ,it is a very good lobster   

ground4  ,martins ,ground2 ,hillards    
,reef4 ,the center bears ,,wsw4 from    
,schoodic ,point1 distant #c miles4 ,it 
is a rocky patch of #d or #e acres and  
has depths of from #ae to #be fathoms4  
,it is not important except for its     
hand-lining for cod and haddock in the  
spring and fall months and for hake in  
the fall4 ,it is a good lobster ground4 
,egg ,rock ,broken ,ground4 ,this is a  
rocky ridge making out ,s4 by ,w4 from  
,egg ,rock ,ledges and is about #b miles
 long by #ad miles wide4 ,it has an     
irregular bottom1 with depths from #i to
 #ae fathoms4 ,this ridge1 with ,martins
 and ,seaveys ,grounds1 divides the     
western or ,bakers ,island mud channel  
from ,schoodic mud channel4 ,both these 
were formerly considered very good hake 
grounds but1 while still good1 are not  
as profitable for hake fishing as in    
past years4 ,haddock are taken on the   
ridge in the spring and in ,october1    
,november1 and ,december4 ,a few cod are
 taken in the spring and fall4 ,fishing 

is by trawl and hand line4 ,it is a good
 lobster ground4  ,inner ,schoodic      
,ridge4 ,this ridge bears ,,se4 by ,s4  
from ,bakers ,island1 the center distant
 #ab miles4 ,this ground is nearly      
circular in form1 about #d miles in     
diameter1 and has depths running from   
#ah to #fj fathoms4 ,the bottom is of   
rocks1 gravel1 and mud2 the shoaler     
portions are sharp and rocky4 ,vessels  
from ,maine ports use this ground1      
fishing by hand line and trawl4 ,cod and
 haddock are abundant here in spring and
 fall1 and hake fishing is good through 
the summer4 ,it is a good lobster       
ground4  ,outer ,schoodic ,ridge4 ,the  
northwest part of this ground bears     
,,se4 from ,bakers ,island1 from which  
it is distant #bb miles4 ,it lies #g    
miles outside ,inner ,schoodic1 has long
 been considered one of the best shore  
fishing grounds of the ,maine coast1 and
 still seems to deserve the reputation4 
,the ridge is about #h miles long in a  
,,ne4 and ,,sw4 direction1 lying nearly 

parallel with the adjacent coast4 ,its  
greatest breadth is #f miles4 ,the      
bottom is broken and irregular and has  
depths from #bb to #hj fathoms over     
rocks and gravel on the shoaler parts   
and mud on the deeps4 ,principally      
,maine vessels fish this ground1 using  
hand line and trawl4 ,cod1 pollock1     
haddock1 cusk1 and hake are present here
 from ,june to ,november1 and a few     
large halibut1 up to #cjj pounds in     
weight1 are taken here in ,june and     
,july4  ,mount ,desert ,outer ,ridge4   
,this ridge lies ,,se4 by ,e4 from the  
,big ,hill of ,mount ,desert ,island4   
,from ,schoodic ,island to the center of
 this ground is about #be miles4 ,its   
length ,e4 by ,n4 and ,w4 by ,s1 is #b  
miles2 its breadth #c_/d mile4 ,depths  
are from #de to #fj fathoms2 the shoals 
are rocky1 but on the sides sand and    
clay predominate4  ,this is a           
comparatively small ground1 but it      
furnishes good cod fishing in the spring
 7,april to ,july7 and fall4 ,cusk are  

taken in the spring and fall4 ,virtually
 no haddock are taken here4 ,hake are   
found in the deep water on the ,w4 and  
,,sw4 in spring1 summer1 and fall2 trawl
 lines principally are used here4 ,it is
 a good lobster ground but is too       
distant for present fishing methods4    
,flat ,ground4 ,this ground lies between
 ,mount ,desert and ,swan ,island1 ,,sw4
 from ,long ,island4 ,in #ej fathoms1 on
 a hard mud bottom1 there is good       
fishing for hake in the summer4 ,fishing
 is by hand line and trawl4  ,enoch's   
,shoal4 ,this shoal lies ,,ene4 #c miles
 from ,great ,duck ,island4 ,this is a  
small hummock on the outer parts of a   
ridge extending out to it from ,great   
,duck island4 ,it has a sharp1 rocky    
bottom with depths of about #ah fathoms4
 ,hand lining and trawling are the      
methods employed to take a few cod in   
early spring2 haddock are here in small 
numbers in the summer as well as a small
 quantity of hake4 ,it is a good lobster
 ground4  ,banks ,ground4 ,the center   

bears ,,se4 by ,s4 from ,great ,duck    
,island1 distant about #e miles4 ,it is 
about #a miles long in a ,,ne4 and ,,sw4
 direction by #a_/d mile wide and has a 
mud bottom with depths from #ce to #ej  
fathoms4 ,it is mainly a small-boat     
ground1 fished mostly in the summer1    
when hake are fairly abundant and there 
are a few haddock and cod4 ,it is a     
lobster ground1 also4  ,shell ,ground4  
,this lies ,,se4 from ,long island      
,head1 from which the center of the     
ground is distant #f miles4 ,it is #b   
miles long1 in a ,,ne4 and ,,sw4        
direction and about  mile wide4 ,in the 
middle portion is a shoal of #be        
fathoms1 its bottom sharp rocks4 ,on all
 sides of this shoal the bottom is quite
 irregular1 consisting of pebbles and   
mud4 ,the greatest depth1 near the edge 
of the bank1 is #ej fathoms4 ,cod and   
haddock1 together with a few cusk and   
pollock1 are taken here in ,june1 ,july1
 and ,august and even into the late     
fall1 but it is mainly a hake fishing   

ground for small boats and an occasional
 larger craft1 all using hand line and  
trawl4 ,it is a good lobster ground4    
,abner ,ground4 ,this ground is ,,sse4  
from ,gott's ,island1 distant #h miles4 
,it extends #a miles in a ,,ne4 and     
,,sw4 direction and is about #a_/d mile 
wide4 ,the bottom is broken1 rocks and  
mud1 with depths of from #be to #ej     
fathoms4 ,this is principally a haddock 
ground1 the best season being in ,july  
and ,august1 and is resorted to mostly  
by small craft4  ,grumpy4 ,extends from 
,,se4 #d miles from ,eastern ,ear of    
,isle au ,haute to ,,se4 #a_/d ,e4 from 
the western head of ,isle au ,haute1    
distant #g miles4 ,this ground is #b    
miles long by #c_/d mile wide and has a 
small shoal of #ad fathoms on the       
northeast part4 ,over the rest of the   
ground the average depths run from #ce  
to #dj fathoms over a gravelly bottom4  
,though not of great importance of late 
years1 this was formerly considered one 
of the best inshore grounds for cod for 

the entire year and for haddock in      
winter4 ,hake usually are abundant just 
off the southeast edge in summer4 ,this 
bank is mostly fished by craft from     
ports of eastern ,maine--small boats as 
a rule--and the principal method is by  
trawling1 although there is considerable
 hand-lining for cod in #be fathoms in  
,june and ,july4 ,marks3 ,big ,camden   
,mountain over the ,eastern ,ear of     
,isle au ,haute2 ,fog ,island in        
,jericho ,bay1 touching on the eastern  
part of ,big ,spoon ,island2 ,brimstone 
between ,isle au ,haute and the ,western
 ,ear4  ,hatchell ,ground4 ,this ground 
lies ,,se4 by ,e #c_/d ,e4 #i miles from
 the western head of ,isle au ,haute4   
,marks are eastern ,mount ,desert ,hill 
in the ,middle ,saddle of ,long island1 
and ,little ,spoon ,island in the great 
or center ,saddle of ,isle au ,haute4   
,blue ,hill ,ground4 ,this ground lies  
approximately ,e3 by ,s4  ,s from the   
western head of ,isle au ,haute1 distant
 #g miles4 ,the bottom consists of      

gravel and pebbles4 ,marks3 ,brimstone  
,island out by the western head of ,isle
 au ,haute and ,blue ,hill on the west  
side of ,marshall ,island4 ,these marks 
lead to a depth of #be fathoms on the   
northeast part of the ground1 deepening 
southwest to #dj fathoms in #a mile from
 the shoaler part1 which is about  mile 
wide1 part of the ground1 deepening     
southwest to #dj fathoms in #a mile from
 the shoaler part1 which is about  mile 
wide4 ,this is a good ground for cod in 
the spring and fall but is best for     
haddock during the entire winter4 ,hand 
lines and trawl are used4  ,inner ,horse
 ,reef4 ,this reef lies ,,se4  ,e #a    
miles from the eastern ear of isle au   
,haute4 ,there is a shoal here of #be   
fathoms about #a_/h mile in diameter4   
,from this the water gradually deepens  
to ,,ne4 for  mile1 where it drops off  
into the mud4 ,depths on this northeast 
portion are about #ce fathoms4 ,the     
bottom is of pebbles and gravel4 ,in    
spring and fall this is a good cod      

ground4 ,hake are found close to the    
edge in summer4 ,fishing is by small    
craft1 generally1 using trawl and       
handline4 ,it is a good lobster ground4 
,marks3 ,bring ,blue ,hill ,mountain in 
the saddle of ,white ,horse2 ,brimstone 
showing between ,western ,ear and ,isle 
au ,haute4  ,outer ,horse ,reef4 ,this  
is a short distance ,,sw4 from the      
,inner ,reef1 with only a narrow gully  
between4 ,the small shoal falls off     
rapidly on all sides4 ,it has a depths  
of #cj fathoms4 ,over a space #a_/d mile
 in diameter the bottom is gravelly4    
,seasons and species are as on ,inner   
,horse ,reef4  ,hake ,ground4 ,north of 
,monhegan island lies a patch called the
 ,hake ,ground or ,mud ,channel1 the    
first name because of the abundance of  
hake taken here during ,june1 ,july1 and
 ,august4 ,it extends from just outside 
,white ,head to abreast of ,monhegan    
,island on the northern side4 ,the      
depths vary from #bj to #de fathoms1 and
 the ground is still considered one of  

the best hake grounds alongshore4 ,it is
 fished by small boats and vessels when 
the dogfish are on the outer grounds4   
,this is a good haddock ground in       
,december and ,january1 as well as a    
good lobster ground4  ,southwest        
,ground4 ,this lies #b miles ,,sw4 from 
the western head of ,isle au ,haute4 ,it
 is circular in form1  mile in diameter 
and has a gravelly bottom with depths   
varying from #ce to #dj fathoms4 ,it is 
a cod ground from ,april to ,june and   
from ,september to ,november1 inclusive4
 ,a few pollock and haddock are taken   
with the cod4 ,hake are abundant in     
summer close to ,isle au ,haute4        
,handlines and trawls are used in the   
fishing4 ,it is also a good lobster     
ground4  ,barley ,hill ,ground4 ,this   
ground lies ,,nne4 from ,seal ,island   
and ,,ssw from the western head of ,isle
 au ,haute directly in line between the 
two1 about #c miles distant from each   
point4 ,it is circular in form1 has #bh 
to #cj fathoms of water1 and the bottom 

is mixed mud and rocks4 ,this is a      
ground much resorted to by sloops and   
larger vessels1 and the fishing is by   
hand line and trawls4 ,it is a good cod 
ground in spring and fall and a hake    
ground on the mud and rocks in summer4  
,occasionally a few halibut are taken   
here during ,june and ,july4 ,it is also
 a lobster ground4  ,gilkey ,ground4    
,this bears ,s4 from the western head of
 ,isle au ,haute4 #d miles distant4 ,it 
extends ,,ene4 and ,,wsw about #a miles 
long by #a_/c mile wide4 ,the bottom is 
rocky on the shoals where depths are    
about #bc fathoms sloping to #ce fathoms
 on the southwest part41 where the      
bottom is gravelly and comparatively    
smooth4  ,this is a cod ground in spring
 and fall1 a haddock ground in winter1  
and hake are taken on the edges in      
summer4 ,vessels fishing here are mostly
 from ,maine ports4 ,it is also a good  
lobster ground4  ,rock ,cod ,ledge4     
,this ledge lies ,,ne4 of ,seal ,island 
#a mile4 ,it has a depth of #c fathoms  

on the shoalest part1 deepening         
gradually on all sides for a            
considerable distance4 ,the bottom is of
 sharp rocks and is broken in places4   
,rock cod area present in fair numbers  
in spring and fall1 and this is a       
mackerel and herring ground in their    
seasons4 ,haddock are abundant in the   
fall close in to the rocks of ,seal     
,island in #f to #ae fathoms4 ,this is  
not a hake ground1 although there are a 
few cusk to be had here on the deeper   
parts and an occasional small halibut is
 taken in the kelp on the shoal in ,june
 and ,july4 ,it is a good lobster       
ground4  ,gravel ,bottom and ,southeast 
,ground4 ,these lie ,s4 of ,seal        
,island4 forming an extensive piece of  
fairly level ground extensive piece of  
fairly level ground4 ,the western that  
bears a little ,e4 of ,s4 and the       
eastern part about ,,ese4 from the      
island4 ,it is about #e or #aj miles in 
diameter4 ,while this is really but one 
piece of ground1 the eastern part is    

called the ,southeast ,ground and the   
western part1 from the nature of its    
bottom4  ,the ,gravel ,bottom4 ,the     
eastern portion is muddy and has #dj to 
#fj fathoms4 ,the western has #ce to #dj
 fathoms4 ,it is a good cod ground in   
winter and spring4 ,haddock are present 
from ,november to ,march1 inclusive2    
hake in summer4 ,fishing is done mainly 
by trawling by sloops and vessels4      
,laisdells ,ground4 ,this is a small1   
rocky spot outside the ,brandy ,ledges4 
,it is about #a_/d acre in extent and   
has a sharp rocky bottom with #bj       
fathoms of water over it4 ,it is the    
best cod and haddock ground in ,isle au 
,haute ,bay4 ,this is chiefly a small   
boat ground and is also a lobster       
ground4  ,saddleback ,reef4 ,this reef  
lies ,s4 from ,saddle-back ,ledge1 #c_/d
 mile distant4 ,it is about #b_/c mile  
long ,n and ,s by #a_/d mile wide4      
,depths are from #ae to #ce fathoms over
 a broken and rocky bottom4 ,cod are    
taken here by hand line in ,may and     

,june2 haddock and cod by trawling in   
fall and winter 7,november to ,january  
#a74 ,it is a good lobster ground and   
chiefly a small-boat ground4  ,otter    
,island ,reef2 ,snipper ,shin2 ,western 
,reef4 ,these are names applied to      
different sections of an irregular1     
broken piece of rocky ground about      
halfway between ,vinalhaven and ,seal   
,island4 ,otter ,island ,reef is the    
eastern section1 lying #d miles ,w4 by  
,s4 by #a_/d ,s4 from the western head  
of ,isle au ,haute4 ,depths here are    
from #aj to #be fathoms over a rocky    
bottom4 ,the trawl1 formerly not much   
used here1 is now in general use4 ,this 
is a cod and haddock ground at seasons  
when these fish are in shoal water1 but 
it is best for cod in winter and spring 
and for haddock in the fall1 from       
,november #a to ,january #a4  ,old      
,ripper4 ,this lies ,s4 from the        
,western ,ground 7,western ,reef7 and   
#aj miles ,,wsw4 from ,criehaven or     
,ragged ,island4 ,apparently this is a  

part of the ,western ,ground4 ,on the   
deep-water mud bottom between these     
7,ripper and ,western ,reef7 is good    
hake fishing in summer1 and cusk are    
abundant from ,may to the time when the 
dogfish strike the ground1 usually about
 ,july #e to #aj4  ,crie ,ridges4 ,these
 lie #d miles ,,nw4 from ,matinicus     
,rock1 #d miles ,,wsw4 from ,criehaven  
or ,ragged ,island1 and run ,,se4 from  
,western ,ground toward ,matinicus1     
distant #d to #e miles4 ,cod1 pollock1  
and cusk are here in the spring1 and    
haddock are abundant in the fall4  ,bald
 ,ridges4 ,these begin just outside     
,wooden ,ball ,island and run off in a  
nearly direct line for ,matinicus ,rock4
 ,they are each from #a_/d to  mile     
wide1 are quite close together1 the     
distances between them being not over   
mile1 and they are almost parallel with 
each other4 ,soundings show from #ae to 
#cj fathoms upon them1 with a broken1   
rocky bottom4 ,the shoalest water is    
about #a mile from ,wooden ,ball        

,island1 the depth increasing toward the
 southern end4  ,this is a good cod     
ground at all times when the fish are on
 the coast1 the spring school being the 
largest4 ,the shoal is a favorite place 
for rock cod4 ,haddock are present from 
,january #a to ,february #ae4 ,hake are 
abundant in their season on the mud     
bottom inside the ,bald ,ridges #a miles
 ,,wsw1 in #ej fathoms4 ,it is a good   
lobster ground4  ,henry ,marshalls      
,ground4 ,this ground lies ,s4 by ,w4   
from ,matinicus ,rock about #c miles2   
its area is about #b acres4 ,the shoaler
 portion has a depth of #ce fathoms and 
a gravelly bottom2 on the edge the depth
 is #de fathoms and the bottom is of    
rocks and mud4 ,cod are taken here in   
the spring1 haddock in ,january and     
,february1 and hake in the summer       
months4 ,it is a good lobster ground4   
,the ,bounties 7,the ,bowdies74 ,this   
ground bears ,,se4 by ,s  ,s distant #f 
miles from ,wooden ,ball ,island4 ,it is
 nearly circular in form1 about #d miles

 across1 and has depths from #dj to #fj 
fathoms4 ,the bottom1 of gravel and     
rocks1 is somewhat broken4 ,it is a good
 cod and cusk ground in spring and fall 
and a haddock ground in winter and is   
fished by vessels and sloops1 mainly by 
trawling but with a certain amount of   
hand lining1 in ,may and ,june4  ,a     
summer hake ground extends from #c miles
 ,,ese4 of ,seal ,island to #d miles    
,,sse of the ,wooden ,ball1 thus it is  
about #g miles long by some #b miles    
wide4 ,the depths here are from #ce to  
#fj fathoms4  ,summer ,hake ,ground4 ,a 
summer hake ground extends from #h miles
 ,,se4 of the eastern ,ear of ,isle au  
,haute to #c miles ,,se4 of ,long       
,island in #ce to #fj fathoms on a      
bottom of hard mud4 ,this piece of      
ground is about #ae miles long by #d    
miles wide4  ,minerva ,hub4 ,this bears 
,,sse4 from ,matinicus ,rock1 distant #f
 miles4 ,this is a small1 gravelly spot 
about #a_/d mile in diameter and with a 
depth of #ce fathoms1 abounding with cod

 in spring and fall4 ,it is a summer    
ground for hake and cusk4 ,hand lines   
and trawls are used4  ,haddock ,nubble4 
,this lies ,,se4  ,s4 from ,matinicus   
,rock1 distant #af miles1 and has an    
average depth of #ej fathoms over a     
small1 circular patch some #b1jjj feet  
across4 ,the bottom is of gravel and    
rocks1 and lemons and marine growths of 
like nature are abundant4 ,this is a    
,june cod ground1 usually furnishing    
good haddocking1 also1 from ,november to
 ,january1 inclusive4  ,skate ,bank4    
,this bank bears ,,sse4 from ,matinicus 
,rock1 distant #ab miles4 ,it is about  
#b miles in diameter and nearly circular
 in form4 ,depths are from #ce to #fj   
fathoms4 ,the bottom is gravelly but    
quite uneven4 ,the best season on this  
ground for cod and cusk is from ,april  
to ,july4 ,hake abound in ,july and     
,august4 ,hand lines and trawls are used
 here1 fished by sloops and vessels4    
,matinicus ,sou',sou',west ,grounds4    
,these grounds bear ,,ssw4 from         

,matinicus ,rock1 from which the inner  
edge of the grounds is distant #f miles4
 ,they extend about #i miles ,n4 and ,s4
 and have about the same width1 being   
nearly triangular in shape1 broadest at 
the northern end4 ,on the northern part 
there is a shoal of about #cj fathoms #b
 miles long ,e4 and ,w4 and #a mile     
wide4 ,sharp rocks cover this1 but the  
ground is not broken and drops off      
gradually to depths of #ej to #ee       
fathoms or even to #fj fathoms on the   
southern part4 ,outside of the shoal the
 bottom is pebbly and gravelly4 ,this is
 one of the best cod and haddock grounds
 in the vicinity4 ,cod are sometimes    
abundant here all winter2 haddock are   
found here from ,december #a to         
,february and are more abundant than the
 cod4 ,hake are plentiful on this ground
 and in #fj fathoms on the mud off the  
edge ,,se4 of this ground during the    
summer season4 ,marks3 ,the high        
pinnacle on the eastern end of ,wooden  
,ball1 showing just out by ,matinicus   

,rock1 ,,sw4 by ,s4 from the rock1 #e   
miles4  ,inner ,breaker4 ,this lies #b  
miles ,w4 of the southwest point of     
,matinicus ,island4 ,it is a rocky shoal
 about #a acre in extent and having #g  
fathoms of water4 ,from this shoal the  
bottom slopes gradually to depths of #be
 to #cj fathoms1 and this slope         
furnishes good fishing for cod in ,may  
and ,june1 while haddock are here in    
,december and ,january4 ,a good school  
of hake is found on the edge of the     
ground in summer4 ,the bottom is rocky  
and broken and1 while sharp1 is fished  
with trawls as well as hand lines4 ,it  
is mostly a small-boat ground4  ,towhead
 ,grounds4 ,these grounds hear ,n4 by   
,e4  ,e4 from ,matinicus ,island1 from  
which they are distant #b miles4 ,depths
 are from #ab to #cj fathoms4 ,it is    
somewhat irregular in shape and has a   
very rocky1 broken bottom4 ,the ground  
is from #b to #c miles long and  to #a  
miles wide4 ,it extends ,e4 by ,s4 and  
,w4 by ,n4 and is considered one of the 

best inside shoal grounds for cod and   
haddock in the bay4 ,hand lines and     
trawls are used here now1 although in   
former times this and the preceding     
grounds were considered too sharp for   
the use of trawls4 ,both these are good 
lobster grounds and chiefly small-boat  
grounds4  ,green ,island ,ridge 7or     
,western ,ridge7 and the ,pigeon        
,ground4 ,the northern portion of this  
ridge lies #f miles ,,nw4 by ,w4 from   
,matinicus ,rock1 from which the ground 
extends about #g miles in a ,,ssw4      
direction4 ,the greatest width is not   
over #a mile4 ,depths are from #ae to   
#cj fathoms4 ,the bottom is broken and  
rocky4 ,it is a good cod ground in the  
spring and fall4 ,haddock are found here
 in ,june1 ,november1 and ,december4 ,in
 summer this is a good hake ground4     
,halibut are found on the shoals 7#aj   
fathoms7 and about the northern part of 
,western ,green ,island1 on the sandy   
bottom during ,june and ,july4  ,matinic
 ,bank4 ,this is an extension of the    

shore soundings that make out to the    
southward and eastward of ,matinic a    
distance of #b or #c miles1 with depths 
7outside of #a miles7 of #bc to #cj     
fathoms4 ,the bottom is level1          
consisting of rocks1 pebbles1 and       
gravel1 and the ground abounds in cod in
 the season from ,march to ,june4 ,just 
off the edge1 in depths of from #dj to  
#ej fathoms1 the bottom is soft mud1 on 
which hake abound in summer4 ,very few  
haddock are taken on this bank4 ,halibut
 are sometimes abundant here in #aj to  
#ae fathoms during ,may and ,june4      
,matinic ,ooze4 ,this is a flat bottom1 
composed of ooze and shells1 that makes 
off to the eastward of the ,haddock     
,ledge and ,shoal and bears about ,s4   
from ,matinic4 ,the ,haddock ,shoal and 
the ,ooze are really parts of one       
ground1 though they have been given     
different names by the fishermen4 ,the  
,haddock ,shoal 7#c miles ,s4 by ,b4    
from the ,seal ,ledge3 breaks in rough  
weather7 is thought to be poor ground   

and is but little fished1 although it is
 a fall haddock ground4 ,the ,ooze falls
 off gradually1 reaching a depth of #ej 
fathoms on the outer part4 ,it is       
considered fair fishing ground for cod  
and haddock in the spring and for cod   
and hake in the summer and fall4        
,freemans ,ground4 ,this ground lies #f 
miles ,e4 from ,monhegan ,island between
 ,ornes ,ground and ,matinicus ,western 
,ground4 ,it is #c miles long and #a    
mile wide and runs in a ,,ne4 and ,,sw4 
direction4 ,there is a shoal on the     
southwest part having #bj fathoms over a
 sharp rocky bottom4 ,the rest of the   
ground has depths of #be to #dj fathoms1
 the bottom of rocks1 gravel1 and       
shells1 in some places uneven and in    
others smooth4 ,this is a good spring   
ground for cod and for cod1 hake1 and   
pollock in the fall4 ,haddock are not   
numerous on this ground1 though a few   
are usually to be found here in         
,december4 ,herring are here ,may to    
,august4  ,middle ,shoal1 ,pollock ,rip1

 ,allens ,shoal1 and ,deckers ,shoal4   
,these are small rocky patches lying to 
eastward of ,monhegan ,island and       
northerly from the ,outer ,shoal4 ,they 
have depths from #f to #cj fathoms over 
a sharp1 rocky1 and broken bottom4      
,middle ,shoal is #b miles from the     
island4 ,pollock ,rip #a miles4 ,allens 
,shoal #a #a_/d miles1 having #e fathoms
 and breaking in rough weather2 and     
,deckers ,shoal #a mile4 ,depths vary   
here from #f to #cj fathoms over a      
bottom generally sharp and rocky4 ,the  
principal fishing here is hand-lining   
for cod in the spring during the herring
 season and in the fall in squid time4  
,a few pollock are taken here also4  ,a 
number of small patches lie westerly    
from the ,outer ,shoal and close to     
,monhegan ,island4 ,these are the ,cusk 
,ground with a depth of #bj to #ce      
fathoms2 ,gull ,rock ,ledge 7breaks in  
rough weather7 #c fathoms2 ,lobster     
,point ,ground1 #ae to #cj fathoms2     
,inner ,spring ,ground1 #ae to #cj      

fathoms2 ,outer ,spring ,ground #be to  
#cj fathoms4 ,all these are fished for  
cod nearly all the year1 for haddock in 
,december and ,january1 and for pollock 
in early spring and late fall4 ,the     
,spring ,grounds are near the harbor and
 so are fished before the others4 ,all  
are lobster grounds4 ,small boats and   
vessels operate here4  ,black ,island   
,ground4 ,this ground is ,,ene4 #b miles
 from ,monhegan4 #a mile in diameter1   
has a shoal of #aj fathoms1 and sharp   
rocky bottom in the center4 ,the ground 
slopes gradually from this to the edges1
 where are #dj fathoms4 ,beyond the     
depths of #bh to #cj fathoms the bottom 
is gravelly and smoother4 ,this is a cod
 ground in spring1 and cod and hake are 
taken here on the edges in summer and   
fall4 ,pollock are found about the shoal
 in summer4 ,it is a good lobster       
ground4  ,franklin ,ground4 ,this ground
 is ,,ne4 by ,n4 midway between         
,monhegan and ,burnt ,island1 distant #d
 miles4 ,cod and haddock are found here 

from ,april to ,june and pollock in     
summer4 ,in summer and fall hake are    
taken by night fishing with hand line   
about the rocks in #bj to #cj fathoms on
 the broken ground4 ,fishing here is by 
hand-lining in summer and trawling in   
fall and winter4 ,it is a lobster       
ground4  ,white ,head ,ground4  ,depths 
on the shoal 7the ,white ,hub3 ,bring   
,budd cottage out by ,white ,head1      
,black ,head4 and ,allens ,island       
touching7 are #g fathoms1 thence to #bj 
fathoms on the edges about it4 ,this    
ground extends ,,ne4 and ,,sw41 #b miles
 long by #a_/d mile wide4 ,the bottom is
 chiefly broken1 of rocks1 and with     
spots of coarse gravel and sand4 ,fish  
and their seasons are as on ,franklin   
,ground4 ,marks3 ,bring ,black ,head1   
,white ,head1 and ,gull ,head in range  
on the east side of ,monhegan ,island4  
,burnt ,island1 ,inner ,ridge aka       
,andrews ,shoal4 ,this is ,,ne4 by ,e4  
from ,monhegan1 distant #e miles4 ,it is
 a broken ground with depths from #ae to

 #bj fathoms1 the bottom rocky and      
gravelly1 with occasional mud holes4 ,it
 extends ,,ne4 about #d miles1 nearly to
 ,roaring ,bull ,ledge1 and is  mile    
wide4 ,there are strong tidal currents  
here1 the flood being ,,ne41 the ebb    
,,sw4 ,it is a cod ground from ,april to
 ,june1 and cod and hake are taken from 
,september to ,november2 haddock in     
,december4 ,it is a good lobster ground4
  ,burnt ,island1 ,outer ,ridge4 ,this  
ground is parallel with the ,inner      
,ridge and at a distance of #c_/d mile4 
,depths are from #e to #be fathoms1 the 
bottom being rather less broken than on 
the ,inner ,ridge4 ,fishing seasons and 
species are as on ,inner ,ridge4        
,hand-lining is done mostly because of  
strong tides4 ,it is a good lobster     
ground4  ,ornes ,ground4 ,this ground   
bears ,e41 distant #d miles from        
,monhegan ,light to the center4 ,it is  
#a mile long4 ,e4 and ,w4 and #a mile   
wide4 ,depths are from #cj to #de       
fathoms4 ,on the shoal parts the bottom 

is of sharp rocks and broken4 ,on other 
parts it is generally pebbly and quite  
level4 ,the shoal lies toward the       
eastern part of the ground and is a good
 spring cod ground2 also a pollock      
ground in the spring and fall4 ,it is a 
night fishing ground for hake1 by hand  
lining close to the rocks during        
,september and ,october4 ,herring are   
abundant here usually in ,may and ,june4
 ,it is a good lobster ground4 ,fishing 
is done by hand lines and trawls4       
,outer ,shoal4 ,this ground is ,,ese    
from ,monhegan ,light about #b miles4   
,it is circular in form and about #a    
miles across4 ,depths are from #aj to   
#ch fathoms4 ,there is a small rocky    
shoal in the center of the ground2 the  
remainder of this piece has a gravelly  
bottom4 ,this is a cod ground from      
spring to fall and a good pollock ground
 in ,september4 ,a few haddock are taken
 here about the edges in ,december4     
,hake are abundant on the edges on the  
mud in #de to #ej fathoms during the    

spring1 summer and fall4  ,monhegan     
,inner ,sou',southeast ,ground4 ,this   
ground is ,,sse from ,monhegan ,light4  
,it is circular in form and #a_/ad miles
 across4 ,the center is #e miles fro the
 light4 ,depths are from #cj to #ej     
fathoms1 the shoalest water being on the
 eastern part1 the shoal has a broken   
and rocky bottom1 but the rest of the   
ground is gravelly and muddy4 ,the      
principal fishes taken are cod and cusk 
in the spring1 summer and fall4 ,very   
few haddock are found here4 ,pollock are
 numerous in the fall1 when they are    
taken by hand lining4 ,hake are abundant
 in ,september and ,october4 ,june is   
the best fishing month1 except when the 
squid strike the ground in the fall4    
,this is mainly a small boat ground1    
fished by trawls1 hand lines and an     
increasing number of gill nets4         
,monhegan ,outer ,sou',southeast4 ,three
 miles outside the ,inner ,ground on the
 same bearing and similar in size and   
form4 ,the bottom is rocky and muddy or 

of hard clay4 ,the depths are from #ce  
to #ee fathoms4 ,the same species are   
found here as on ,inner ,sou',southeast 
and at the same seasons1 and in         
addition1 hand lining is done for cod in
 ,august and ,september4  ,blue ,ground4
 ,this is ,,se #a ,e from ,monhegan1    
distant #ad miles2 ,e #a ,s from        
,portland ,lightship #de miles1 and ,,sw
 from ,matinicus ,rock #i miles to      
southern ,edge4 ,fishermen usually take 
the ,monhegan bearing #ab for their     
starting point4 ,this ground has a small
 shoal in the center1 having #bh to #cj 
fathoms1 from which the bottom slopes   
off to #de and #fj fathoms on the edges4
 ,the shoal is broken and rocky1 bu the 
deep water is over a level gravelly     
bottom4 ,this ground is circular in form
 and about #b miles across4 ,it is both 
a small-boat and vessel ground1 larger  
craft operating here mainly in the fall4
 ,hake are found here in large numbers  
in summer and fall2 cusk are taken in   
the deep water the year around but are  

most abundant in ,january4 ,cod are here
 the year around1 the largest school    
occurring in ,february and ,march4      
,monhegan ,southeast ,ground4 ,this     
ground lies ,,se from ,monhegan ,island1
 the center distant #ab miles4 ,this is 
nearly circular1 #c miles in diameter4  
,the bottom is so broken that depths may
 vary much within a short distance1 but 
depths are from #ce to #ge fathoms over 
a bottom of rocks1 gravel and mud4      
,fishing is by trawl and handline4 ,it  
is good cod ground from ,april to ,july2
 haddock are taken in ,december and hake
 in summer on the edges in #ej to #fj   
fathoms4  ,hill ,ground4 ,this ground is
 ,,ssw #i miles from ,matinic3 between  
#c and #d miles long ,,ne and ,,sw and  
some #b miles wide4 ,the shoalest part  
has #ce fathoms and a rocky bottom4     
,from this it slopes gradually to a     
depth of #ej fathoms over a bottom of   
mixed gravel1 rocks and mud4 ,its best  
fishing is for hake1 using both hand    
lines and trawls4  ,monhegan ,inner     

,sou',sou'west ,ground4 this ground     
takes its name from its bearing1 lying  
,,ssw from ,monhegan light1 distant #e  
miles4 ,its width is #a miles1 its      
length ,,nne and ,,ssw is #a #a_/d      
miles4 ,it has a sharp1 broken1 rocky   
bottom1 including a small shoal of #bj  
fathoms and some hummocks of rather     
greater depths4 ,the deepest water is in
 the neighborhood of #ej fathoms4       
,fishing here is from ,may until ,july  
for codfish and pollock3 hake and cusk  
are in the deep water in the spring     
months and halibut on the shoal in ,july
 and ,september4 ,this ground is        
principally fished by trawls1 but there 
is considerable hand lining in          
,september and ,october4 ,gillnetting1  
too1 has become more common of later    
years4  ,harris ,ground4 ,from #ae miles
 ,s  ,w from ,monhegan island to #f     
miles ,,ssw4 ,it has #dj to #ej fathoms 
over a bottom of sharp rocks and mud--a 
blistery bottom4 ,cod1 cusk and hake are
 found here the year around4 ,halibut   

are here in ,june1 ,july and ,august4   
,fishing is by trawling and hand lining1
 with very little gillnetting4  ,the #de
 ,fathom ,bunch4 ,sixteen miles ,s #a ,e
 from ,monhegan4 ,this is a great ground
 for ,june hand lining for cod4 ,thence 
#a mile ,,ene to #gj fathom depth1 which
 leads to a piece of ground leading to  
the ,inner ,fall1 on which1 on a hard   
bottom and mud where there is an        
abundance of lemons and similar forms1  
are found cod cusk and pollock in ,june4
 ,the ground is about #f miles long1    
,,wsw and ,,ene by #a mile wide4        
,another ,forty ,five ,fathom ,bunch    
lies #bb miles ,s  ,e from ,monhegan4   
,this ground is #d miles long by #a mile
 wide1 running ,,ene and ,,wsw1 and has 
depths from #de to #ge fathoms4 ,this is
 likewise a great cod hand lining ground
 in ,june4  ,another of the same name   
lies #bf miles ,s #a ,e from ,monhegan4 
,it has a #di fathom shoal and the      
species and seasons are much the same as
 on the other grounds of the name4 ,this

 is probably the ground known to other  
vessel captains as ,toothaker ,ridge4   
,monhegan ,outer ,sou',sou',west4 ,this 
ground is ,,ssw from ,monhegan ,light4  
the center distant #i miles ,it is #d   
miles long1 ,,nne and ,,ssw and about #b
 miles wide1 and has #de fathoms on the 
shoalest part but the depths generally  
are from #fj to #hj fathoms4 ,the bottom
 generally is gravelly and quite level4 
,the ground is fished by both boats and 
vessels using hand lines and trawls4    
,this is a cod ground in spring and     
fall4 ,in summer hake are abundant here1
 and halibut are quite plentiful in     
,july on the shoalest part4  ,old       
,jeffrey4 ,an exceedingly good ground4  
,it is said that better fishing may be  
had here than on any other ground of its
 size in the vicinity4 ,this piece of   
bottom bears ,,se from ,pumpkin ,rock1  
from which the center is distant about  
#f miles4 ,it is about #c miles long    
,,ne and ,,sw1 and about #a mile wide4  
,the bottom is broken1 of gravel and    

mud1 with depths from #be to #ej        
fathoms4 ,fishing here is by trawling   
and land-lining4 ,in spring cod are most
 abundant1 in late summer and fall hake1
 cod1 and pollock are taken4 ,halibut   
are found on the shoaler parts in ,july4
  ,little ,jeffrey4 ,a small piece of   
broken1 rocky bottom1 roughly circular  
in form4 ,depths average #ce fathoms4   
,species and seasons are as on ,old     
,jeffrey1 from which it lies about #d   
miles ,,ne by ,e4  ,monhegan ,western   
,ground4 ,this is a somewhat extensive  
ground lying about #d miles ,,wsw from  
,monhegan ,island4 ,the depths range    
from #bb to #de fathoms4 ,its length is 
#d or #e miles1 and its greatest breadth
 is #b miles on the eastern portion1    
gradually narrowing westward to about #a
 mile4 ,the ground runs ,,se and ,,nw4  
,pollock are found here in ,september   
and ,october4 ,it is fished by hand     
lines1 trawls and gill nets4 ,marks3    
,bring houses on ,new ,harbor over the  
white cliff on ,pemaquid #f miles from  

,new ,harbor4  ,broken ,ground4 ,the    
center bears nearly ,s4 from ,pumpkin   
,island 7at entrance to ,boothbay       
,harbor71 distant #g miles4 ,it extends 
#d miles in an ,,ene4 and ,,wsw         
direction and has an average width of #a
 miles4 ,depths are from #ce to #ej     
fathoms on a bottom of rocks and mud4   
,cod are taken here the year around2    
hake from ,june to ,september4 ,cusk    
also are found here all the year in #dj 
fathoms depths4 ,it is fair herring     
ground on spring nights4  ,great ,ledge4
 ,ten miles ,s4 from ,cape ,newagen4 ,it
 is about #d miles long1 ,,ssw4 and     
,,nne and from #a to #b miles wide4     
,there is said to be a shoal of #ad     
fathoms on the northern edge and another
 of #bb fathoms near the center4 ,these 
are both broken and rocky1 but the main 
part of the ground1 having depths of #cj
 to #de fathoms1 is mostly composed of  
sand4 is quite level1 and slopes        
gradually toward the edge4 ,it is a good
 ground for cod and haddock in winter   

and for cod in the spring4 ,a few       
pollock are taken here1 also4 ,halibut  
are found on the shoals in ,july4 ,on   
these1 also1 are good lobster grounds4  
,it is chiefly a small-boat and vessel  
ground1 fishing being done by hand lines
 and trawls1 with some gill netting4    
,marks3 ,show the sawtooth of ,morse's  
,mountain coming out by ,seguin on the  
western side2 hold this until ,pumpkin  
,island comes onto ,white ,island4      
,barnum ,head ,grounds4 ,these lie      
,,sse4 from ,damariscove ,island and are
 about #a mile long by #djj yards wide4 
,depths are from #dj to #gj fathoms over
 broken ground of sharp rocks on the    
shoals1 with mud on the deeper parts4   
,this ground is fished by hand lines1   
gill nets1 and trawls mainly by boats   
and small craft4 ,cod1 haddock1 and     
pollock are found here in the spring and
 fall months3 hake in the muddy parts in
 summer4 ,it is a summer hand-line      
ground for cod and pollock also4 ,marks3
 ,bring the peak of ,heron ,island on   

,damariscove and the ,whistler on       
,seguin1 #g miles from ,damariscove     
,island 7this gives #ba-;fathom         
soundings7 or ,big ,white ,island's     
inner part just touching on ,barnum     
,head2 ,morse ,mountain 7in ,kennebec7  
touching on eastern part of ,seguin to  
make a sawtooth4  ,peterson's ,ground4  
,lies distant ,,sw4 from ,monhegan #bj  
miles and ,,sse4 from ,seguin #af miles4
 ,this is about #c miles long in an     
,,ene4 and ,,wsw4 direction by about #a 
miles wide4 ,the northern and western   
edges rise sharply from the #he or #ij  
fathoms of the muddy bottom about it to 
#fj fathoms over a bottom of rocks and  
stones4 ,easterly and southerly the     
ground slopes away gradually over hard  
gravel to #ij fathoms4 ,cod and hake    
furnish the best fishing here--at its   
peak during ,october and ,november4     
,cusk ,ridge4 ,it lies ,s4  ,e4 #ab     
miles from ,pumpkin ,island1 #c to #d   
miles long1 ,,ne4 and ,,sw41 and #a_/d  
mile wide4 ,this ground is somewhat     

difficult to find4 ,it has a bottom of  
black gravel and rocks with #cj to #fj  
fathoms of water over it4 ,a blistery   
bottom that is a cod ground the year    
around1 the best of the fishing         
occurring in the spring months4 ,hake   
are abundant in the fall1 and cusk      
fishing is exceptionally good in the    
deep water in ,june4  ,potato ,patch4   
,three miles ,,wnw4 from ,monhegan4 ,a  
round nubble about #ad mile in diameter1
 of sharp1 rocky bottom having about #dj
 fathoms over it4 ,cusk and cod are     
taken on the shoal and hake from the    
muddy edges about it4  ,the ,apron4     
,four and one-half miles from ,monhegan4
 ,marks are the tripod on ,eastern ,egg 
,rock over ,franklin ,island ,light2    
,monhegan ,light over the middle of     
,manana4 ,its length is #e miles and its
 width #c miles4 ,it is a broken piece  
of ground with #aj to #de fathoms4 ,cod 
are present the year around and haddock 
all the year except for a few weeks in  
summer4 ,cusk are here most of the year1

 but the season for pollock is          
,september4  ,henry ,gallant ,ridges4   
,the inner one lies #af miles ,s4 by ,e4
 of ,monhegan ,island1 extending in a   
,,nne4 and ,,ssw4 direction1 about #a   
mile long by #a_/d mile wide4 ,the outer
 ridge lies about #a miles farther from 
the island on the same bearing as the   
first and paralleling it and apparently 
is about the same size4 ,the bottom on  
both shoals is of gravel and black rocks
 with depths averaging #de fathoms but  
rising from the #hj and #ij fathoms of  
the surrounding muddy ground4 ,both     
these are year-around cod grounds1 the  
spring months1 however1 having ,the     
largest school4 ,cusk also are abundant 
on both shoals in the spring4  ,mosers  
,ledge1 also known as ,middle ,ground4  
,this piece of shoal ground lies about  
midway between ,monhegan ,island and    
,pemaquid and has a #c-;fathom shoal on 
the eastern part where the sea breaks in
 heavy weather4 ,this shoal1 called     
,mosers ,ledge1 is broken and rocky but 

slopes gradually to the ,,sw41 reaching 
#dh fathoms1 with a bottom of gravel and
 mud on the deepest part4 ,the ground is
 about #b miles long ,,ne4 and ,,sw4 and
 about #a mile wide4 ,it is good ground 
for cod and haddock in the spring and   
for herring in ,june and other          
top-schooling fish ,in their season4    
,mackerel occur in late ,august and     
,september4 ,it is a lobster ground the 
year around4  ,johns ,head ,ground4     
,about #d miles ,,sse4 from ,pemaquid   
,point4 ,depths are from #be to #ae     
fathoms over a sandy bottom1 making a   
good cod ground in ,april and ,may4 ,the
 ground is of circular form about #a    
mile in diameter4 ,hand lines and       
trawls1 together with some gill nets1   
are used on the sand shoal4  ,white     
,island ,ground4 ,this is ,,ese from    
,white ,island1 from which its inner    
edge is distant  mile and the outer edge
 about #d miles4 ,of triangular outline1
 it is widest at the outer end4 ,it is  
very broken and uneven and has depths   

from #f to #cj fathoms4 ,in some places 
the bottom is gravelly1 but on the shoal
 it is sharp1 broken rocks4 ,the small1 
rocky spots are known by other names1   
such as ,browns ,head ,ground 7a herring
 ground in ,june71 where the fishermen  
catch a few rock cod4 ,the sandy bottom 
furnishes good fares of haddock in ,may 
and ,june4 ,bobber trawling is the usual
 method used here in ,june4 ,this ground
 is fished mainly by small boats and    
sloops using hand lines and trawls4     
,steamboat ,ground4 ,seven miles ,,wsw4 
from ,monhegan ,island2 it is #c miles  
long1 ,,ne4 and ,,sw1 and  mile wide4   
,its bottom is broken with patches of   
rocks4 ,depths are from #be to #ej      
fathoms1 the shoalest #bj fathoms4 ,this
 is fished by hand lines and trawls     
mainly by craft from ,new ,harbor4 ,cod 
are found here the year around but are  
most abundant in the fall4 ,haddock are 
present all the spring and fall2 hake   
through the summer months2 pollock in   
the fall4 ,cusk are most abundant in the

 spring4 ,a certain amount of lobster   
fishing is done here4  ,inner and ,outer
 ,boutens 7,bootlegs74 ,the inner ground
 lies #c miles ,,sw4 from ,monhegan     
,island4 ,it is about #a mile long4     
,,ne4 and ,,sw41 by #a_/d mile wide4 ,it
 has a sharp1 rocky bottom1 shoalest in 
the center1 where are #be fathoms1      
sloping gradually southwest and falling 
off suddenly on the northeast side to   
the mud in #fj fathoms on the edges4    
,cod1 haddock1 and cusk are here the    
year around4 ,hake occur in summer on   
the muddy edges4 ,it is a fairly good   
lobster ground on the shoal4 ,the ,outer
 ,bouten lies  mile ,,sw4 of the ,inner1
 separated from it by a deep1 muddy     
channel4 ,it has a small shoal of #cj   
fathoms rising suddenly from the        
surrounding mud4 ,fish and seasons of   
their presence are as on ,inner ,bouten4
 ,fishing on these grounds is mainly by 
hand line and trawl4 ,marks3 ,the       
,tripod on ,western ,duck ,island on the
 eastern side of the big eastern        

mountain of ,camden3 ,black ,head just  
out by ,white ,head2 ,white ,head       
through the ,hole in the ,wall4  ,hill  
,ground4 ,this ground is ,,ssw #i miles 
from ,matinic3 between #c and #d miles  
long ,,ne and ,,sw and some #b miles    
wide4 ,the shoalest part has #ce fathoms
 and a rocky bottom4 ,from this it      
slopes gradually to a depth of #ej      
fathoms over a bottom of mixed gravel1  
rocks and mud4 ,its best fishing is for 
hake1 using both hand lines and trawls4 
,seguin ,sou',sou',west ,ground4 ,this  
ground lies ,,ssw4 from the western part
 of ,seguin ,island1 the center distant 
#d miles4 ,it is a rocky shoal1  mile   
long by #bjj yards wide1 with a -acre   
shoal in the center4 ,depths are #g to  
#ad fathoms4 ,this is evidently a ,,ssw 
continuation of the ,hill ,ground4 ,it  
is fished by small boats for rock cod by
 hand-lining4 ,trawling is done in      
,march for cod1 and this is also a cod  
ground in ,april4 ,it is both a         
small-boat and a vessel ground and is a 

lobster ground the year around4 ,marks3 
,elwells ,rock touching the western side
 of ,seguin1 and ,fullers ,rock touching
 the southern part of ,bald ,head4      
,seguin ,ridge4 ,this ridge is ,,ssw4   
from ,seguin ,island1 distant #e miles4 
,four miles long4 ,,ese4 and ,,wsw by   
mile wide4 ,there are a number of small 
rocky spots--hummocks of #i to #ad      
fathoms in depth4 ,in general the ground
 has from #aj to #dj fathoms over it1   
except as mentioned4 ,cod and cusk are  
taken in the spring1 haddock in ,may and
 ,june4 and hake in summer4 ,it is a    
good cod ground in the fall and also a  
lobster ground4 ,a few pollock are      
seined here in the spring4 ,fishing is  
by hand lines1 gill netting1 and        
trawling4 ,marks3 ,pond ,island ,light  
on the eastern spur of ,seguin2 ,wooded 
,mark ,island on ,bald ,head 7,small    
,point74  ,seguin ,ground4 ,this ground 
is ,,sw4 by ,s4 from ,seguin ,island1   
distant about #g miles to the center4   
,about #d miles long4 ,,ne4 and ,,sw41  

and a little more than #b miles wide in 
the widest part4 ,there is a small      
hummock called ,bumpers ,island ,ground 
on the northern end with depths of #ac  
fathoms4 ,the northern part is mostly   
rocky1 but toward the south the bottom  
is gravelly and sloping1 so that on the 
middle and southern portions there are  
depths of #ce to #de fathoms4 ,cod1     
hake1 and pollock are the principal     
fishes taken here and furnish some of   
the best fishing in this vicinity4      
,haddock are not common here but are    
abundant on the sandy bottom to the     
westward in ,april and ,may4 ,trawl     
fishing and gill netting are done in the
 spring for cod and hand lining for cod 
and pollock in ,october4 ,it is a       
small-boat and vessel ground and a      
winter lobster ground4  ,mc,intire      
,reef4 ,this reef is ,,ssw4 from ,bald  
,head 7,cape ,small ,point74 ,the       
distance to the center is #d miles4     
,this is #b miles long4 ,,ne4 and ,,sw41
 by  mile wide4 ,marks are ,yarmouth    

,island ,hill over ,mark ,island and    
,pond ,island ,light on the northern    
part of ,fullers ,rock4 ,this reef is   
very broken and hummocky and has a rocky
 bottom and depths from #ad to #bj      
fathoms4 ,a shoal of #g fathoms is on   
the northwest part1 where there is good 
hand-lining for cod4 ,it is a good      
lobster ground4 ,just east of this      
ground is a piece of bottom composed of 
hard mud and shells where hake usually  
are abundant in summer4  ,seguin ,hub4  
,this lies ,,sse4 #e miles from ,seguin 
,light4 ,there is a collection of half a
 dozen small hummocks rising from the   
#fe or #gj fathoms of the surrounding   
muddy bottom to #cj or #ce fathoms of   
rocky bottom4 ,these are hand-line      
spots4 ,species and seasons are as on   
,seguin ,ground1 except that a great    
proportion of hake are taken here on mud
 from #fj fathoms down4 ,it is a cod    
ground in spring and summer4 ,marks3    
,hunnewell ,point ,woods on ,seguin2    
,damariscotta ,hill over ,damariscove   

,island4  ,cow ,ground4 ,nearly ,,sw4   
from ,bald ,head1 the center distant #f 
miles4 ,this is nearly #d miles long in 
a ,,ne4 and ,,sw4 direction and #a miles
 wide4 ,the northeast portion is rough  
and rocky and has depths from #af to #ah
 fathoms4 ,on the southwest part gravel 
and stones predominate1 and the bottom  
slopes off to #bj or #cj fathom depths4 
,trawling and hand-lining are the       
principal methods employed here1 but    
there is an increasing amount of gill   
netting4 ,cod and pollock are the       
principal fishes taken here1 mainly in  
the spring4 ,this is a lobster ground   
from ,november to ,april4  ,murre ,hub4 
,this lies ,,wsw4 from ,small ,point1   
the center distant #aj #c_/d miles and  
#c miles ,,sw4 from ,seguin4 ,this      
ground is #c miles long4 ,n4 and ,s41   
with an average width of #a miles4      
,depths are from #cd to #de fathoms4    
,the inner parts are shoalest1 and the  
bottom there is sharp rocks and broken  
ground4 ,from this the ground slopes    

gradually to the south1 where the bottom
 is sand and gravel4 ,cod are here from 
spring to ,october2 hake from ,june to  
,october2 and haddock are present during
 the winter season4 ,fishing is almost  
entirely by trawling4  ,mistaken        
,ground4 ,this ground bears ,n4 from the
 center of ,new ,ledge4 from which it is
 distant about #aj miles2 from ,portland
 ,lightship ,,se4  ,s #ba miles to the  
edge and #bb miles to the shoal water4  
,it is #h miles long in an ,e4 and ,w4  
direction and #e miles wide4 ,depths are
 from #de to #ajj fathoms1 both the     
shoalest and the deepest soundings being
 on the western part1 where the bottom  
is mostly rocks and boulders4 ,there is 
said to be a small shoal peak of #ce    
fathoms here4 ,over the greater part of 
the ground the bottom is of rocks and   
gravel4 ,in proportion to its size this 
ground is nearly as important as ,new   
,ledge1 being resorted to by the same   
species of fish at the same seasons and 
being visited by the same type of craft1

 with a larger number of the small      
crafts operating here and the larger    
vessels fishing here principally during 
the worst of the winter weather4  ,the  
fishing is by hand line1 trawl1 and gill
 netting1 with a lessening use of the   
hand line and an increase in the use of 
this ground by the gill-net fleet4 ,cod 
and cusk are taken here from ,may to    
,july and through ,october and          
,november1 the cod predominating on the 
ridgy bottom in the deep water1 on the  
western and northwestern side4 ,hake are
 also found here in the winter4 ,haddock
 are fairly abundant from ,december to  
,march4 ,there are usually many pollock 
on the shoal in fall and winter4  ,tag  
,ground4 ,between ,broken ,ground and   
,seguin ,island1 ,,ese4 from ,seguin1   
distant #e miles4 ,a narrow rocky ridge 
#b miles long1 in a ,,nne4 and ,,ssw4   
direction1 with an uneven bottom and    
depths from #ad to #cj fathoms4         
,principally a summer small-boat ground 
fished by hand lines1 trawls1 and gill  

nets4 ,cod are found here the year      
around4 ,haddock are abundant in the    
winter1 hake in the summer months1 and  
the pollock are here also in the summer 
season when top schooling4 ,cusk are    
found in the deep water all the year4   
,outer ,kettle1 also known as ,kettle   
,bottom4 ,the center of this ground     
bears ,s4 from ,seguin ,island1 from    
which the northern edge of the ground is
 distant #aj miles4 ,its length is #ab  
miles in a ,n4 and ,s4 direction1 and   
its width #aj miles1 thus being roughly 
circular in forum4 ,it is an uneven     
piece of bottom consisting of rocks1    
gravel1 and mud4 ,the depths range from 
#be to #ge fathoms4 ,this is one of the 
best fishing grounds on this part of the
 coast4 ,cod are the most abundant fish 
and are taken the year around4 ,haddock 
are plentiful in the winter months and  
cusk are present all the year in the    
#ej-;fathom depths4 ,fishing here is by 
trawl1 hand line1 and gill nets operated
 by small boats1 sloops1 and1 in the    

rougher weather of the winter1 larger   
vessels1 which visit it also1 generally 
to make one set at a season when a fish 
day 7one on which it is possible to     
fish7 is the exception4  ,murray ,hole4 
,a small circular piece of ground about 
#a miles across and capable of taking   
about #dj or #ej lines of trawl3 it lies
 between the two kettles and heads ,s4  
by ,e4 from ,seguin4 ,depths here are   
from #db to #fj fathoms over a bottom of
 pebbles and gravel4 ,it is a good cod  
and hake ground in ,june and ,july4     
,inner ,kettle4 ,this is ,s4 by ,e4 from
 ,seguin and distant #h miles4 ,the     
depths here average #dj fathoms over a  
bottom of gravel and rocks4 ,species and
 season of abundance are as on the      
,outer ,kettle4 ,marks are as follows3  
,the ,eastern ,hawkwings 7west side of  
the ,kennebec ,river7 on western side of
 ,seguin2 ,damariscove ,mountain just   
touching the east side of ,damariscove  
,island4  ,bantam4 ,this ground lies off
 ,seguin #f miles ,e4 by ,n4 ,it has a  

bottom of rocky broken ground4 ,there is
 a buoy in the center over a reef that  
is said to break at low water4          
,elsewhere depths range from #ad to #bj 
fathoms4 ,the shoal is about #b miles   
long in a ,,ne4 and ,,sw4 direction and 
is about #a mile wide4 ,this is a cod   
and haddock ground in the spring1 and   
bake are plentiful in summer on the     
edges of the ground4  ,white ,head      
,ground4 ,depths on the shoal 7the      
,white ,hub3 ,bring ,budd cottage out by
 ,white ,head1 ,black ,head4 and ,allens
 ,island touching7 are #g fathoms1      
thence to #bj fathoms on the edges about
 it4 ,this ground extends ,,ne4 and     
,,sw41 #b miles long by #a_/d mile wide4
 ,the bottom is chiefly broken1 of      
rocks1 and with spots of coarse gravel  
and sand4 ,fish and their seasons are as
 on ,franklin ,ground4 ,marks3 ,bring   
,black ,head1 ,white ,head1 and ,gull   
,head in range on the east side of      
,monhegan ,island4  ,green ,ground4     
,this is a hand-line spot for cod all   

the year1 but the fishing is best in the
 spring and continues good until the    
last of the fishing for cod about the   
river mouths in ,june4 ,there are two   
shoals1 one of #ad and the other of #af 
feet1 both of which break in rough      
weather1 but depths elsewhere on the    
ground about are from #ac to #bj        
fathoms4 ,the bottom1 both on the shoals
 and about them1 is rocky and has many  
starfish upon it1 except on the         
north-western part1 where the bottom is 
of sand4 ,marks3 ,the eastern end of    
,elmwood ,rock on the little high woods 
of ,small ,point3 the ,outer ,sister on 
,lower ,five ,island4  ,lambo4 ,this    
lies ,b4 by ,n4 from ,halfway ,rock #e  
miles4 ,it has a buoy upon it1 marking a
 #e fathom shoal that breaks in heavy   
weather4 ,good fishing is to be had in  
all directions about it1 with haddock in
 ,june on the sand outside it1 hake     
inside in ,august1 and cod on the hard  
bottom about it2 but for these it is    
mostly a summer hand-line spot4  ,bull  

,ground4 ,this is an irregularly shaped 
piece of bottom of indefinite area1     
being perhaps #c miles long by #b miles 
wide4 ,it lies between ,lambo ,ledge and
 the ,white ,bull and at about #b miles 
distance from ,ragged ,island4 ,the     
bottom here is of rocks and mud with    
depths from #bj to #cj fathoms4 ,this   
ground furnishes hake fishing in ,june1 
,july1 and ,august4 ,cod are taken here 
in good numbers in the fall by gill     
nets1 with a lesser amount also in the  
spring by the same method4 ,in the      
winter the cod are taken here by bobber 
trawl4 ,haddock are taken about the     
edges in ,august4 mainly by hand line4  
,this ground is visited principally by  
small boats1 the greater part of the    
catch being taken by gill nets1 although
 trawls and hand lines also are used    
here4  ,the ,garden4 ,this is a broken  
piece of ground lying outside ,the      
,elbow and ,eagle ,island4 ,it runs     
,,nne4 and ,,ssw41 is about #b miles    
long by #a mile wide1 and has depths    

running from #ce to #fj fathoms4 ,this  
is a fall ground for hand-line fishing  
for cod1 while haddock1 cod1 and cusk   
are found here in the spring4 ,hake are 
taken in ,may and ,june on the mud about
 the edges4  ,marks3 ,halfway ,rock     
,light on the big field of ,chebeague   
,island2 ,eagle ,island ,woods on the   
woods in the ,eastern ,bay4  ,sand      
,shoal4 ,it is ,,ene4 from ,white ,head 
,grounds #d miles4 ,this has depths of  
#ah to #bj fathoms and in species and   
seasons of their abundance agrees with  
,white ,head ,ground4  ,the ,elbow4     
,this lies ,,ne4 from the ,sand ,shoal  
#f miles from the lightship2 ,s4 by ,e4 
#d miles from ,halfway ,rock4 ,depths on
 the shoal parts are #bf fathoms1       
deepening to #dj fathoms on the edges4  
,the bottom is of rocks and mud4 ,the   
species and seasons are as on ,white    
,head ,grounds4  ,old ,orchard ,ground1 
,wood ,island ,ground1 ,cape ,porpoise  
,peaks4 ,extending over a piece of      
bottom made up of blue clay with        

numerous rocky patches1 this ground has 
depths of from #bj to #ej fathoms4      
,bearing about ,,ne4 from ,cape         
,porpoise and distant from #d to #e     
miles1 it lies in a ,n4 and ,s4         
direction and is about #e miles long by 
#a miles wide4 ,it is a good spring and 
summer cod ground1 a summer hake ground1
 and haddock are here in ,april and ,may
 and in the fall and winter and cusk on 
the deeper parts the year around4 ,this 
ground is much resorted to by small     
boats and in winter by some of the      
larger vessels of the vicinity4 ,fishing
 is by hand lines1 trawls1 and a certain
 amount by gill netting over the        
smoother parts4 ,marks3 ,the eastern end
 of ,wood ,island on the bank at ,old   
,orchard2 to the center #f miles ,,sse4 
from ,wood ,island ,light4  ,drunken    
,ledge 7,drunkers74 ,eight miles from   
,cape ,elizabeth2 #c miles ,n4 of ,tanta
 #d miles ,s4 by ,e4 from the whistling 
buoy off ,cape ,elizabeth4 ,depths are  
#ah to #dj fathoms on a bottom of sharp 

rocks4 ,it is about #e miles long ,n4   
and ,s4 by #b miles wide1 extending     
,,ssw4 and ,,nne4 ,cod and cusk are     
taken the year around2 hake in the      
summer on the mud at edges2 haddock from
 ,march to ,june4 ,fishing is by trawl1 
hand line1 and gill net4 ,marks3        
,western ,light of ,cape ,elizabeth on  
eastern part of woods on ,cape until the
 lightship bears ,,ne4  ,eagle ,island  
,ground4 ,this lies ,s4 from ,halfway   
,rock #b miles4 ,it has a rocky bottom  
with #bj to #be fathoms4 ,it is a good  
cod ground the year around1 fished      
mainly by hand line2 there is little    
trawling here and only a small amount of
 gill netting4  ,flat ,ledge2 ,temple   
,ledge4 ,two miles ,,sw4 of ,bald ,head1
 ,cape ,small ,point1 rises a piece of  
rocky ground from the #bj-;fathom depths
 surrounding it4 ,over the shoal in the 
center are #e fathoms1 and from this the
 water deepens on all sides1 there being
 #af fathoms on the deepest part of the 
ledge and an average of #bj fathoms     

about it4 ,the rocky bottom is about #a 
miles long1 ,,ne4 and ,,sw41 by about   
#c_/d mile wide4 ,the ledge and the hard
 bottom about it make good gill-netting 
grounds for cod in the spring months4   
,on the ledge a considerable amount of  
hand-lining fur cod and pollock is      
carried on in late ,may and through     
,june4 ,in the normal seasons of the    
mackerel fishery this is a good ground  
on which to seine these fish in ,june4  
,july1 and ,august4 ,it is also a good  
lobster ground and is a haddock ground  
in ,july and ,august4 ,marks3 ,wallace  
,house in ,bald ,head ,cove on the      
western edge of ,bald ,head2 ,flag      
,island and the eastern ,brown ,cow     
,into line4  ,the ,gully3 ,mark ,island 
,gully4 ,bring ,seguin over ,fullers    
,rock1 #f miles from ,mark ,island4     
,this gully lies inside ,the ,elbow4    
,the bottom is sandy on the shoal parts1
 where there are #ej fathoms2 broken and
 rocky in the deep water in #gj fathoms2
 and muddy on the edges4 ,it is a good  

lobster grounds4  ,haddock are taken    
here in the spring months by trawling2  
cod are taken on trawl and in gill nets 
during ,february and ,march and from    
,augusta to ,november4 ,hake are taken  
during ,june1 ,july and ,august by the  
sane methods as are used in catching the
 other species4  ,new ,meadows ,channel4
 ,west from ,the ,gully2 ,e4 from       
,seguin4 ,this is a spring gill-net     
ground4 ,mostly a cod ground4  ,pollock 
,hub4  ,this ground lies ,,se4 from the 
lightship #f to #h miles and #ac miles  
,s4 from ,cushings ,island bell buoy4   
,it is a rocky piece of bottom1 having  
about #bi fathoms over it4 ,it is about 
mile across and is fished by hand line1 
trawl1 and gill net1 but is mostly a    
summer hand-line spot4 ,it is a good cod
 ground in the spring and good for      
pollock in their season4 ,between this  
and ,trinidad 7,,se4 by ,s4 from        
,pollock ,hub #c miles7 is a fishing    
ground for haddock in ,january and      
,february1 on a broken bottom1 in depths

 of from #dj to #fj fathoms4 ,this is   
both a small-boat and a vessel ground   
fished by hand line1 trawl1 and gill    
nets4  ,trinidad4  ,six miles ,,se4 by  
,s4  ,s4 from the lightship off         
,portland4 ,it is about #b miles long by
 #c_/d mile wide1 lying in a ,,nne4 and 
,,ssw4 direction4 ,in general1 the      
bottom is muddy and depths are from #dj 
to #ej fathoms1 except for a shoal about
 #ad mile across on the northeastern end
 of the ground1 where there is a depth  
of #cb fathoms over a sharp1 rocky      
bottom4  ,haddock are present here in   
good numbers in ,february and ,march4   
,cod are taken here in gill nets during 
the summer months1 and hake are fairly  
abundant in the spring over the deeper  
parts2 a few cusk are taken at the same 
season and in the same depths as the    
hake are found4  ,fire ,ground4 ,this   
ground is ,e4 by ,s4 from the lightship 
#aj miles4 ,it is a ridge of rocky and  
gravelly bottom having depths of #ce to 
#ej fathoms4 ,its length is #b miles and

 its width #a mile4  ,cod and cusk are  
here the year around1 the cod being most
 abundant in the spring4 ,haddock are   
here in ,february and ,march3 hake are  
in the deep water on the edges in       
summer4 ,fishing here is by hand line1  
trawl1 and gill nets operated by small  
boats and vessels1 the larger craft     
visiting this ground mostly in the      
winter1 when offshore grounds may not   
permit of the fishing because of weather
 conditions4 ,marks3 ,bradbury ,mountain
 on ,jaquish3 ,long ,reach ,mountain 7in
 ,quahog ,bay7 just to westward of      
,wooded ,mark ,island1 the length of an 
oar4  ,cod ,ledges4 ,these are a        
succession of rocky patches extending #d
 miles in an ,,ene4 and ,,wsw4          
direction1 with a width of about  mile4 
,the southwestern end bears ,,se4 #c_/d 
,s4 from ,portland ,head ,light4 distant
 #d #c_/d miles4 ,the northwestern      
extremity lies #f or #g miles ,,ese4    
from ,portland ,head light4 ,the        
shoalest parts have from #ad to #ah feet

 of water 7,bulwark ,shoal3 the eastern 
is ,round ,shoal74 ,on other parts the  
depths vary from #e to #bb fathoms4 ,the
 bottom is irregular1 of rocks and      
gravel4 ,a favorite small-boat ground   
for fishermen from ,portland and        
neighboring islands4 ,this is a cod     
ground the year around and a winter     
haddock ground4  ,in ,june and ,july a  
few halibut are taken in #ad to #ah     
fathoms on the sandy patches between the
 ledges4 ,we are told ,very many large  
halibut are sometimes taken in some     
seasons in this small area4 ,sid        
,doughty4 a local small-boat fisherman1 
had #cjj worth from half his gear for   
one day's fishing here1 being obliged to
 leave the rest of his gear until the   
next day from his weariness in handling 
the heavy fish alone4  ,hue and ,cry    
,bottom4 ,this ground lies ,w4  mile    
from the ,portland ,lightship4 ,it is   
about #b miles long by #a miles wide and
 extends in a generally ,n4 and ,s4     
direction4 ,the bottom is mainly rocks1 

though there is a sandy area lying      
inside it4 ,depths are from #d fathoms1 
where is a buoy and where it breaks in  
heavy weather1 to some #ce fathoms over 
much of the rest of the ground4 ,cod and
 haddock are found here ,in the spring1 
and cod1 haddock1 and cusk in the fall  
months4  ,the ,pasture4 ,it lies ,,ese4 
from the lightship #aj miles3 south from
 ,the ,cow 7,small ,point7 #ab miles4   
,this ground is #d or #e miles long by  
#b miles wide4 ,it has depths of from   
#de to #hj fathoms over a bottom of     
broken ground1 rocks1 and mud4 ,it is a 
cod ground the year around but is best  
in spring4 ,cusk also are here the year 
around4 ,haddock usually are plentiful  
during ,january1 ,february1 and ,march4 
,inside the ,pasture 7about #aj miles   
,s4 from ,the ,cow7 lies the ,fire      
,ground1 mentioned elsewhere4  ,the     
,klondike4 ,this ground lies #ae miles  
,s4 by ,e4 from ,bald ,head and is #c   
miles long by #b miles wide4 ,the bottom
 consists of ridges of rocks--a blistery

 bottom 7abundance of sea pears1 sea    
squirts1 and other marine growths of a  
similar nature74 ,it is a cod and cusk  
ground all the year4 ,haddock are       
present from ,january to ,april and hake
 from ,september to ,december4 ,depths  
are from #ge to #hj fathoms over mud and
 rocks4 ,fishing on this ground is by   
hand line and trawl by small boats and  
sloops1 with an occasional trip by      
larger vessels in winter4  ,sagadahoc4  
,this ground is ,,se4 by ,e4 from       
,halfway ,rock #bb miles and ,s4  ,w4   
from ,seguin #ag miles4 ,it has a broken
 bottom of rocks blisters1 and mud1 and 
is #c miles long by #b miles wide1 with 
depths from #ej to #hj fathoms4 ,it is a
 cusk ground the year around as well as 
a year-around cod ground1 also1 but this
 fishing is at its best in the spring4  
,it is a hake ground on the deeper      
soundings from ,september to ,december4 
,fishing here is carried on by trawling1
 hand-lining1 and gill netting4  ,big   
,ridge1 or ,doggetts4 ,these names are  

given to a piece of fishing ground about
 #h miles long by #b miles wide lying   
#ah miles ,,se4 by ,s4  ,s4 from the    
lightship at ,portland or #ad miles     
,,se4 by ,e4 from the same point1       
according to which part it is desired to
 fish upon4 ,it has from #de on the     
shoal in the center to #hj fathoms of   
water on the deeper parts over a bottom 
of rocks and gravel on the shallower    
portions and of mud about the edges and 
in the deeper soundings4  ,cod are      
abundant here in spring and fall on the 
shoaler parts of the bank and are       
present the year around on the muddy    
edges and in the deep water about it2   
the spring school1 however1 is the      
largest4 ,hake are found in spring and  
summer on the edges in deep water4 ,a   
few haddock may be taken in the winter  
and spring1 ,january to ,april1         
inclusive4 ,cusk can be taken the year  
around1 the best fishing being in spring
 and winter4 ,the ,february cusk school 
is the largest1 and the best catches are

 made in the deep water about the edges 
of the ground4 ,fishing here is         
principally by trawling1 but hand-lining
 and gill netting also are employed1 the
 latter method in continually increasing
 volume4  ,lying off ,cape ,porpoise1   
between the bearings of ,,se4 and       
,,sse41 and at distances varying from #f
 to #h miles1 are a number of small1    
rocky1 or pebbly bottoms having depths  
ranging from #ah to #be fathoms4 ,during
 certain seasons these abound in cod and
 haddock and are visited by the         
fishermen of the vicinity4  ,tanta4     
,this ground is ,s4 from ,cape          
,elizabeth1 the center being distant #ab
 miles4 ,it is #b to #c miles in        
diameter and has depths of about #dj    
fathoms over a bottom of broken ground  
of rocks and gravel4 ,this is a spring  
and summer fishing ground for cod4      
,haddock are present here in winter1 the
 best fishing being in ,january1 ,with a
 few in the spring4 ,trawls1 hand lines1
 and gill nets are operated here4       

,outside of ,tanta 7,s4 #c miles71 in   
#hj and #ij fathoms on muddy and broken 
bottom 7a punkin bottom71 hake and cusk 
are abundant in ,february and ,march1   
the hake remaining into the summer4     
,herring and mackerel usually are       
present here in those years when their  
schools arc abundant in this locality4  
,winker ,ground4 ,the ground lies in a  
,,ne4 and ,,sw4 direction1 about #b     
miles long by #a_/d mile wide4 ,the     
bottom is broken1 of mud1 rocks1 and    
sand1 with depths from #ce to #dj       
fathoms4 ,outside of the #dj-;fathom    
depth the ground is mostly of mud4 ,this
 is a cod ground in the early spring4   
haddock and hake being here from ,july  
#a to ,september #a4 ,haddock are found 
here also from ,march #aj to ,april #bj4
 ,this is a small-boat ground1 fishing  
being done mainly by trawling and a     
certain amount of gill netting4 ,marks3 
,run #e miles ,,sw4 from the whistling  
buoy off ,cape ,elizabeth4 or until ,ram
 ,island ,winker ,light shows out by    

,cape ,elizabeth4  ,long ,hill ,ground4 
,this lies ,,sse4 from ,cape ,elizabeth1
 #i miles to the center4 ,marks3 ,bring 
the western light of ,cape ,elizabeth on
 the middle of ,johnsons ,woods on the  
high land of the cape1 which with the   
course given before1 will bring to the  
center4 ,this lies in a ,,sse4 and      
,,nnw4 direction and is a rocky bottom1 
having #fj to #gj fathoms4 ,haddock are 
taken here from ,october to ,january #a 
and from ,february #ae to ,april #a4    
,cod also occur at about the same       
season4  ,outer and ,inner ,bumbo4      
,these are two small rocky ridges       
bearing ,,se4 from ,the ,nubble and     
extending toward ,boon ,island4 ,they   
begin near the main shore and extend    
nearly to the island4 ,depths are from  
#h to #bj fathoms over a broken piece of
 bottom1 except for a mud gully about #c
 miles from the main running ,,ne4 and  
,,sw4 about #c miles long4 ,in general1 
this is a small-boat ground1 where good 
catches of cod and haddock are made in  

spring and fall1 especially in the      
latter season1 with good hand-lining for
 cod in ,july and ,august in #h and #aj 
fathom depths4 ,these grounds are fished
 by trawl1 hand line and gill nets4 ,all
 the grounds between ,cape ,porpoise and
 ,boon ,island are good lobster grounds4
  ,wells ,bay4 ,beside a number of      
small1 rocky patches of fishing ground  
of less importance1 resorted to chiefly 
by small-boat fishermen and by gill     
netters from ,portsmouth1 ,wood ,island1
 and ,cape ,porpoise2 this ground has a 
good cod shoal for spring and winter    
fishing1 which also furnishes good      
haddocking from ,april to ,october4 ,the
 depths on this are from #be to #cj     
fathoms4 ,these are fished by trawl1    
hand lines1 and gill nets 7perhaps      
mainly by the latter7 operated by the   
smaller fishing vessels1 chiefly from   
,portsmouth1 ,wood island1 ,cape        
,porpoise1 and ,portland4  ,lightons4   
,this ground is ,,se4 by ,e4 #h miles   
from ,cape ,porpoise1 #c miles long by  

#b miles wide1 with depths of #be to #cj
 fathoms over a generally gravelly      
bottom4 ,this is somewhat more          
productive as a haddock ground from     
,january #a to ,march1 but cod and hake 
are numerous in the same season also4 ,a
 small amount of cod may be taken here  
in the summer4 ,this is a good lobster  
ground4  ,tracadie2 ,the ,acre4 ,this   
bears ,,ne4 by ,e4 from ,boon island1   
distant #e miles4 ,it is #a mile in     
diameter and has a depth of #ej fathoms 
over a bottom of rocks and gravel4 ,it  
is a good haddock ground all the year2 a
 cod ground in ,august1 when these fish 
are jigged2 a hake ground from ,april to
 ,october2 and a cusk ground the year   
around4  ,old ,southeast4 ,extends from 
the shore soundings at ,white ,island   
7one of the isles of ,shoals7 #g or #h  
miles ,,se4 nearly to ,jeffreys in a    
long1 rather narrow point4 ,it is a     
piece of broken ground with a hard      
bottom1 having depths running from #bj  
fathoms on the inner parts to #ej       

fathoms farther out and deepening       
suddenly on all sides to the mud about  
it4 ,fish and their seasons are as on   
,blue ,clay1 haddock being most abundant
 on the eastern edge from ,january      
through ,march4 ,this is growing        
steadily in importance as a gill-netting
 ground4  ,the ,prairie4 ,this name has 
been given to a flat ground of generally
 level bottom1 lying ,e4 by ,n4 from    
,boon ,island #g miles4 ,it has depths  
of from #da to #ej fathoms over mud and 
gravel1 rising out of #fj fathoms over  
the muddy ground about it4 ,it extends  
in a generally ,,ene4 by ,,wsw4         
direction1 #b miles long by #a mile     
wide4 ,it is a blistery ground1 the     
presence of these growths on a rocky or 
gravelly bottom usually meaning good    
fishing4 ,this is principally a haddock 
ground1 with the best season from mid   
,march to the #ast of ,may4 ,this is a  
small-boat and gill-netting ground4 ,it 
is also visited to a considerable extent
 by the larger vessels of the ,portland 

fleet in the severer weather of the     
winter and early spring because of its  
accessibility4  ,blue ,clay ,ground4    
also called ,southeast ,ground4 ,this   
bears ,s4 by ,e4 from ,boon ,island4    
from which it is distant #h miles4 ,the 
form of the ground is roughly square and
 is from #d to ,s miles across4 ,depths 
here range from #cj on the shoalest     
parts to #fj fathoms1 the bottom being  
of tough blue clay4 ,the water deepens  
suddenly on the muddy ground all about  
it4 ,it is one of the best winter       
haddock grounds in this vicinity1       
particularly the eastern edge1 which is 
much resorted to by haddock trawlers    
from ,january through ,march1 when this 
species is most abundant here4 ,it is a 
good winter cod ground1 also4  ,a long1 
narrow strip of hard bottom1 separated  
from the ,blue ,clay by a narrow mud    
gully of somewhat greater depth1 is     
called the ,prong4 ,depths here run from
 #cj fathoms on the inner parts to #gj  
fathoms offshore4 ,this piece furnishes 

a very suitable bottom for operating    
gill nets and is much visited by this   
type of craft4 ,the ,prong lies ,s4 by  
,e4 from ,cape ,porpoise #ag miles4     
,marks3 ,bring ,acre ,hill in line1     
,notch of ,agamenticus at the distance  
from ,cape ,porpoise just given4 ,from  
the ,isle of ,shoals the ,prong is      
distant #aj miles ,,se4 by ,e4  ,duck   
,island ,ridges4 ,these are two narrow  
rocky ridges running from ,duck ,island 
7one of the ,isles of ,shoals7 toward   
,boon ,island4 reaching within ,i mile  
of the latter4 ,depths are from #be to  
#cj fathoms4 ,these are good cusk and   
haddock grounds in the winter and       
spring1 the cusk remaining on the ground
 also from ,april to ,october4 ,this is 
a cod ground in winter and spring1 the  
fish being taken on the bobber trawl4   
which is a trawl of the ordinary type   
buoyed to set #a fathom or so from the  
bottom4 ,it is a hand-line ground in    
summer for cod and pollock4 ,both small 
boats and vessels1 line trawlers1 and   

gillnetters operate here4 ,it is also a 
lobster ground4  ,boon ,island ,rock    
,ground4 ,this ground begins  mile      
eastward of ,boon ,island ,ledge and    
runs in an ,,ese4 direction #b or #c    
miles from the ledge4 ,it has a bottom  
of sharp rocks and clay and depths from 
#dj to #fj fathoms4 ,it is an excellent 
fishing ground for cod1 haddock1 and    
cusk and is one of the best winter      
fishing grounds for haddock in this     
vicinity4 ,it is fished mainly by line  
trawlers but is not much used as yet by 
gill-netters1 being a somewhat difficult
 piece of bottom for them4  ,tower      
,ground4  ,this is a winter haddock     
ground having depths averaging #ej      
fathoms over a ridgy and broken bottom4 
,this is about #c miles long by #b miles
 wide and bears about ,,se4 from ,boon  
,island4 ,marks3 ,bring ,boon ,island   
,light on the ,peak of ,mount           
,agamenticus1 running off until the top 
of the tower and the top of the mountain
 are level1 perhaps #f miles from ,boon 

,island4  ,ten ,acre or ,nipper ,ground4
 ,extends ,s4  ,e4 from ,boon ,island #f
 miles and ,e4 from ,isles of ,shoals #g
 miles4 ,this shoal is about #a_/d mile 
wide and has #ah to #bj fathoms over    
clay and mud1 the ground sloping        
gradually to #ej or #fj fathoms near the
 edge4 ,this is a good fishing ground   
for cod1 haddock1 cusk1 and pollock in  
the spring1 while on the muddy edges    
hake are abundant in ,september4 ,marks3
 ,white ,hills over ,boon ,island on    
center 7these cross bearings meet near  
the center of the ground72 also1 the    
,black ,hill ,w4 of ,portsmouth over the
 ,star ,island of the ,isles of ,shoals 
leads to the small rocky shoal that is  
in the middle of the ground4  ,ipswich  
,bay4 ,this extends from the north side 
of ,cape ,ann about to ,portsmouth and  
is resorted to in winter by large       
schools of cod coming here to spawn4    
,shore soundings deepen here gradually  
from the land1 reaching #ce to #dj      
fathoms at #f or #g miles out4 ,within  

this limit the bottom is mainly sandy1  
though rocky patches are numerous       
between ,newburyport and ,cape ,ann4    
,beyond #dj fathoms the bottom is mainly
 mud4  ,the principal cod-fishing       
grounds of ,ipswich ,bay lie off the    
northern shore1 from ,newburyport to the
 entrance of ,portsmouth ,harbor1 #a to 
#e miles off the land ,in #ab to #be    
fathoms4 ,cod are taken abundantly off  
,boars ,head1 also4 ,during #aibc and   
#aibd the cod fishing in these waters1  
especially off ,boars ,head1 was the    
best for some years4 ,fishing is done by
 trawls and hand-lining1 and of late    
years a large and increasing            
gill-netting fleet has operated in these
 waters1 especially from ,march to      
,june4  ,the muddy ground outside these 
waters ,is a hake ground much frequented
 by small boats and vessels from the    
,isles of ,shoals and ,cape ,ann during 
the summer and fall4 ,flounder dragging 
,is a considerable industry in these    
waters1 the craft employed being a small

 type of the otter trawler1 mainly      
operating out of ,newburyport on a piece
 of shallow mud bottom extending from   
,,ne4 by ,e4 to ,,se4 of the ,isles of  
,shoals and on another ,,ese4 from      
,thacher ,island4 ,depths are from #d to
 #ad fathoms4  ,massachusetts ,bay4 ,the
 larger part of this ground1 especially 
inside ,stellwagens ,bank1 has a mud    
bottom1 on which large quantities of    
fish are rarely taken4 ,on the shore    
soundings between ,boston ,harbor and   
,plymouth to ,sandwich are many rocky   
ledges1 which are favorite feeding      
grounds for cod ,in winter and fall4    
,off ,plymouth1 in late ,march1 there is
 generally a large school of codfish1   
from which the gill-netters take good   
fares4 ,all over this ground in depths  
of from #aj to #dj fathoms4 netters from
 ,gloucester and ,boston operate in a   
codfishery ,in the months of ,december1 
,january1 and ,february4 ,there is a    
considerable hand-line fishery for      
pollock in the fall4 ,the gill-netters  

also take large fares of this species on
 these shore grounds as well as about   
,gloucester1 their fares for a single   
month often amounting to nearly         
#d1jjj1jjj pounds4 ,november and        
,december usually show the largest      
catches4 ,these vessels operate mostly  
between ,boston and ,gloucester1 and    
their catch goes principally to the     
splitters4 since the abundance of the   
fish naturally operates to reduce its   
price4 ,this pollock netting comes to an
 abrupt end with the closing days of    
,january1 when the fish move offshore4  
,herring appear about ,cape ,ann in     
,september in large numbers in most     
years1 the fishing lasting about two    
weeks1 when the school moves slowly     
inward toward the head1 and the last    
catches usually are taken off ,minot    
,light1 ,boston4 ,the mackerel1 after   
leaving the coast of ,maine in their    
autumnal migrations1 pass by ,cape ,ann 
and enter ,massachusetts ,bay during    
,october and ,november1 where they are  

taken in great number by purse seiners1 
netters1 and pound nets1 of which latter
 there are many in ,cape ,cod ,bay1 and 
which take many mackerel and herring in 
their seasons4  ,near the center of     
,cape ,cod ,bay1 on a line between ,race
 ,point and ,cape ,cod ,canal1 lies a   
rocky elevation on which cod are taken1 
known as ,eagle ,ledge or ,bay ,ledge1  
and by ,provincetown fishermen as ,red  
,bank4 ,it has a depth of #ac fathoms4  
,cape ,cod ,bay has a considerable      
,industry in flounder dragging1 the fish
 being taken by a small type of otter   
trawl4 ,south and southeast of ,thacher 
,island from #e to #h miles lies a      
stretch of muddy bottom with patches of 
sand scattered over it1 where a         
considerable amount of this method of   
fishing is carried on during most of the
 year4  ,old ,man's ,pasture4 ,this     
ground is due ,s4 from ,thacher ,island1
 ,,se4 from ,eastern ,point ,light4     
,cape ,ann1 and distant #e miles4 ,it is
 about #c_/d mile long1 ,,nne4 and      

,,ssw4 by #a_/ mile wide4 ,the bottom is
 rough and rocky1 with about #bd fathoms
 average depths4 ,it is a cod ground for
 the entire year1 which fish are taken  
by gill-netters principally in          
,november4 ,pollock are taken here1 also
 by gill-netters1 from ,october #a to   
,december4 ,apparently there are few    
haddock here in the fall1 but there is  
good fishing for these from ,february to
 ,april #a4 ,it is also a lobster       
ground4  ,harts ,ground4 ,this lies ,s4 
#a_/d ,e4 from ,eastern ,point ,light4  
distant #e miles4 ,it is #c_/d mile long
 in an ,,ene4 and ,,wsw4 direction by   
#a_/d mile wide1 and is a small1 rocky  
patch with a depth of #cj fathoms4 ,it  
is a summer haddock ground1 visited     
mainly by small boats4 ,there is little 
or no gill netting here4  ,eagle ,ridge1
 sometimes called ,little ,middle ,bank4
 ,this ridge is #g #b_/c miles ,s4 by   
,w4 from ,eastern ,point ,light1 ,cape  
,ann4 and #a mile long1 ,,ne4 and ,,sw41
 by  mile wide4 ,the average depths are 

#be fathoms on a rocky and uneven       
bottom4 ,formerly1 with ,old ,man's     
,pasture and ,browns ,ledge4 this was   
considered the principal winter grounds 
of the cod1 but not so many have been   
taken here at that season in recent     
years4  ,inside this area1 at an average
 distance of #b miles from ,eastern     
,point ,light and between bearings ,s4  
,e4 and ,,sw44 are a number of small1   
rocky patches having depths of from #aj 
to #be fathoms--,browns ,ledge1 ,spot of
 ,rocks1 ,saturday ,night ,ledge1 and   
,burnhams ,rocks2 ,,sw  ,w4 from        
,saturday ,night ,ledge1 #f miles1 lies 
,old ,tillie4 ,farther in are two shoal 
spots bearing nearly west from ,eastern 
,point4 one at #c_/d mile and the other 
at #b miles distance1 each having #aa   
fathoms4 ,the first is called ,eleven   
,fathom ,ground4 the second1 ,kettle    
,island ,ledge4 ,this latter lies  mile 
,,se4 of ,kettle ,island4 ,these are cod
 grounds in winter and haddock grounds  
in summer4 ,gill-netters operate from   

,kettle ,island to ,halfway ,rock and   
,italian boats trawl at all seasons off 
,the ,graves4  ,western ,point ,ridge4  
,this bears ,s4 by ,e4  ,e4 from        
,eastern ,point ,light1 distant #i #a_/d
 miles4 ,its length ,,ne4 and ,,sw4 is  
#a miles and its width is  mile4 ,the   
depths average #bi fathoms over a broken
 and rocky bottom4 ,small vessels and   
boats fish here for cod and haddock in  
the summer4 ,netters take many pollock  
on all these shore grounds in the fall  
runs1 ,october to ,january furnishing   
the largest fares4 ,apparently these are
 spawning fish that leave abruptly      
during ,january1 working offshore again4
  ,the ,dump4 ,this lies inside the     
lightship at ,boston1 extending from    
this to and well into ,nahant ,bay4 ,on 
these inner grounds soundings are from  
#ab to #ae fathoms over sand and gravel4
 ,this portion is a cod ground from     
,march to ,may4 ,the outer parts of the 
ground have from #ae to #bj fathoms of  
water over a gravelly and muddy bottom1 

which usually furnishes haddocking      
during the early spring4 ,these are     
mainly gill-net grounds4  ,inner ,bank4 
,this lies ,,se4 from ,thacher ,island  
#ab miles to the northern end1 whence it
 extends in a generally southerly       
direction for about #aj miles1 having an
 average width of #b miles4 ,depths here
 average about #dj fathoms on a hard1   
gravelly bottom1 where haddock usually  
are taken in the spring1 pollock in the 
fall1 and cod in the winter months4     
,this piece of ground is much fished by 
the gill-netting fleet out of           
,gloucester4  ,a large area of muddy    
ground lying ,e4 of this and between it 
and ,middle ,bank is much visited by the
 flounder draggers out of ,boston and   
,gloucester4 ,depths here are from #dj  
to #ee fathoms over a comparatively     
smooth bottom4  ,a ridge that lies just 
,s4 of the ,limiter ,bank1 and which may
 be a continuation of it1 extends from a
 point ,e4 by ,n4 from ,scituate buoy to
 a point ,,se4 by ,s4 from the same     

about #aj or #aa miles and furnishes cod
 fishing in ,february1 beginning at     
,brewers ,spot1 on the southern end of  
the ground1 and working northward with  
the schools to ,si's ,spot1 at the      
northern end of the ridge4 ,the bottom  
over much of the ridge is of mussel     
beds1 with from #be to #cj fathoms of   
water1 but at the northern end it is    
rocky and pebbly1 with from #cj to #ce  
fathoms and on the southern end the     
bottom is composed of stones1 gravel1   
and pebbles with #bj to #be fathoms of  
water over it4 ,this ridge is flanked   
,e4 and ,w4 by a muddy bottom1 which    
furnishes the flounder-dragging fleet   
with good fishing during most of the    
year4   ,table #b--;,inner ,fishing     
,grounds1 showing the principal species 
taken upon them4   ,footnote #ab3       
,again1 ,captain ,smith 7#afad73 ,at the
 ,ile of ,manahigan1 in #dc #a_/b of    
,northerly latitude 4 4 4 ,the          
remarkablest isle1 and mountains for    
landmarks1 a round high isle1 with      

little ,monas by its side1 betwixt which
 is a small harbor1 where our ships can 
lie at anchor4 7,transcriber's note3    
,ile is as spelled in the footnote1     
despite the other spellings of it in the
 footnote as isle47     ,,outer         
,,grounds  ,grand ,manan ,bank4 ,this   
bank is at the entrance of the ,bay of  
,fundy1 ,,sw4  ,s4 from the southwest   
head of ,grand ,manan ,island from which
 the northern part of the bank is #ae   
miles distant4 ,from ,mount ,desert     
,rock1 ,e4 by ,s41 it is #de miles      
distant4 ,the bank is #aj miles long and
 #e miles wide1 extending in a ,,ne4 and
 ,,sw4 direction4 ,the bottom is mostly 
stones and gravel1 the depths running   
from #bd to #de fathoms4 ,soundings of  
#ah and #ba fathoms are found on the    
northeast part4  ,cod 7especially       
abundant when the ,june school is on the
 ground7 and pollock are the principal  
fish4 ,haddock are not usually abundant1
 although sometimes they are plentiful  
in the fall from late ,september to     

,december2 hake are fairly abundant on  
the mud between ,grand ,manan ,bank and 
the ,middle ,ground 7,in ,the ,gully74  
,this is a good halibut bank1 the fish  
being in #cc to #fj fathoms in ,june and
 ,july2 the southwest soundings and the 
southeast soundings are most productive 
always4 ,the best fishing season is from
 ,april to ,october1 when the fish come 
to this hank to feed4 ,in the spring the
 fish1 other than halibut1 are mostly on
 the southwest part1 but later 7,july to
 ,october7 the best fishing is had on   
the northern edge of the ground4 ,the   
very best herring fishing for large     
herring 7food fish7 occurs on this bank 
in ,june and ,july4 ,in general1 this is
 a small-vessel ground fished by craft  
from ,cutler1 ,eastport1 ,grand ,manan1 
and1 to a less extent1 ,yarmouth1 ,nova 
,scotia1 with an occasional visit by    
craft from ,portland and ,rockland1     
chiefly trawlers of moderate size4      
,tides run ,,ne4 in flood and ,,sw4 on  
the ebb and are quite strong1 the flood 

being the heaviest4 ,because of these   
powerful currents1 fishing is somewhat  
difficult1 it being necessary to make   
sets at the slack of the tides1 getting 
the gear over and traveling with the    
finish of the current1 to take it up and
 come back with the tide's return4      
,middle ,ground4 ,this ground is between
 ,grand ,manan ,bank and ,marblehead    
,bank2 its length from ,,nw4 to ,,se4 is
 #a miles1 and it is about  mile wide4  
,depths averaging #cg fathoms are found 
on the southern edge on a hard1 rocky   
bottom1 increasing to over #fj fathoms  
over much of the ground4 ,the remainder 
of the bank has a bottom of sand and    
gravel4 ,there is a shoal of #bh fathoms
 near the center with a bottom of rocks 
and stones4 ,the species and seasons of 
their abundance are much as on ,grand   
,manan ,bank and ,german ,bank1 but the 
,middle ,ground is rather better as a   
cod ground than as a ground for other   
species1 ,june1 perhaps1 being the best 
month for the fishing4  ,marblehead     

,bank4 ,situated between ,grand ,manan  
and ,german ,banks1 the shoal water     
bearing ,,sse4 from ,moosabec ,light1   
distant #cb miles4 ,it is from #ab to   
#ae miles long and #g or #h miles wide1 
lying between #dd #jj' and #dd #aj'     
north latitude and #ff #eh' and #fg #ac'
 west longitude4 ,there are from #ce to 
#gj fathoms of water over it2 the bottom
 is mostly clay and gravel4 ,the        
principal fishing is for cod1 pollock1  
and haddock1 but there are more or less 
hake and cusk to be had from this       
ground4  ,the best fishing season is    
from early spring through the early part
 of the summer1 and this ground is of   
little account after ,july4 ,the same   
type of vessels operate here as on the  
neighboring banks1 with an occasional   
larger vessel4 ,the craft are mostly    
hand-liners from ,cutler1 ,jonesport1   
and ,rockland1 with a few vessels from  
the trawl fleets of ,portland and others
 from the ,canadian ,provinces4 ,haddock
 are found in the shoal water from ,may 

to ,october4 ,cusk are on the eastern   
portion in from #fj to #gj fathoms      
virtually the year around4 ,many large  
hake are present on the western edge in 
#hj to #ij fathoms in the summer4 ,the  
,june and ,july cod school is the best1 
but this species is present in smaller  
numbers all the year4 ,halibut are found
 all over the bank1 being especially    
abundant in the eastern shoal water in  
spring and summer 7,april to ,october74 
,it seems necessary to leave the halibut
 trawls down for a longer set here than 
on other grounds in order to make a good
 catch4  ,german ,bank4 ,this is one of 
the most important banks in the ,bay of 
,fundy4 7,we are here referring to the  
,german ,bank in the bay and not to the 
part of ,seal ,island ground1 so marked 
on some charts47 ,it bears ,,se4 from   
,bakers ,island ,light1 ,mount ,desert1 
from which the northeast part is about  
#eb miles distant4 ,its length is about 
#ae miles1 the width #i or #aj miles4   
,it lies between #dc #ch' and #dc #ec'  

north latitude and #fd #eh' and #fg #ae'
 west longitude4 ,depths are from #fe to
 #ajj fathoms with soundings of #dg     
fathoms on the northern part4 ,the      
bottom is mostly tough red clay with    
spots of mud1 sand1 gravel1 and pebbles 
on some parts4 ,the tides set in and out
 over this bank to and from the ,bay of 
,fundy1 the ebb ,,sw4 and the flood     
,,ne41 but the currents are not so      
strong as might be expected4  ,cod1     
hake1 and cusk are the principal species
 taken1 with pollock and haddock in     
lesser amounts4 ,it is a fairly good    
halibut ground also1 wherever a bottom  
of black and white gravel is found1     
though formerly little regarded as such4
 ,the fish 7except hake7 are most       
abundant in the spring4 ,this ground is 
not much fished of late years1 but was  
formerly considered a good place for    
hake fishermen in summer4 ,probably it  
is equally as good now1 but the demand  
for hake has diminished materially in   
recent years1 and this fishery has      

suffered in consequence4 ,mostly ,maine 
vessels fish this bank1 from ,cutler1   
,moosabec1 and ,rockland1 with a few    
from ,portland and perhaps an occasional
 visitor from the ,yarmouth1 ,nova      
,scotia1 fleet4  ,newfound4 ,this ground
 is #de miles ,,se4 by ,s4 from ,mount  
,desert ,rock and has depths of #ij to  
#ajj fathoms over a gravelly bottom4 ,it
 is about #ab to #ae miles long4 ,,ene4 
and ,,wsw41 by #g miles wide1 lying in  
the track of the ,yarmouth 7,nova       
,scotia7 to ,boston steamers4           
,apparently1 this title is given to some
 rediscovered old ground and with a new 
generation of fishermen displaces the   
old name4 ,this is not a haddock ground1
 but cod1 cusk1 and hake 7large fish7   
are abundant here in the spring4        
,perhaps this is an all-the-year fishing
 ground1 but thus far no further        
information about it has been           
obtainable4 ,it is about #ab to #ae     
miles long1 ,,ene aned ,,wsw1 by #g     
miles wide1 lying in the track of the   

,yarmouth 7,nova ,scotia7 to ,boston    
steamers4  ,jones ,ground4 ,this is an  
important cod ground though of small    
size4 ,the western part bears ,,se1 from
 ,bakers ,island ,light1 distant #cb    
miles4 ,the ground is #aj to #ab miles  
long1 ,,ne4 and ,,sw4 and #e miles wide4
 ,depths range from #ej to #ajj fathoms4
 ,the bottom1 which is quite broken1    
consists of rocks1 gravel1 and mud4 ,on 
the northeast parts1 where depths vary  
from #ej to #gj fathoms1 the bottom is  
rocky and rough4 ,this part bears ,,se4 
by ,e4  ,e4 from ,bakers ,island ,light1
 distant #ce miles4 7,green ,mountain1  
of ,mount ,desert1 bears ,,nw47 ,it is a
 hake ground in #aaj fathoms4 ,the      
center of the ground furnishes good     
trawl fishing from ,may #a to           
,september4 ,the principal catch is     
large cod1 but a smaller amount of hake1
 cusk1 and pollock are taken also4      
,bank ,comfort4 ,this is a comparatively
 little known fishing ground lying ,,se4
 by ,s4 from ,mount ,desert ,rock4      

distant #ab or #ac miles4 ,it is said to
 be #e miles long1 ,,sw4 and ,,ne41 by  
#c miles wide4 ,here are depths of from 
#ge to #hj fathoms over a hard gravelly 
bottom1 the shoalest water being some   
#fe fathoms4 ,this is an excellent      
ground but little fished because its    
small size makes it somewhat difficult  
to find4 ,it is a very good cod ground  
in spring and summer1 hand-liners       
catching large cod here from ,may to    
,august4 ,hake and cusk are present here
 in summer also4 ,it is scarcely fished 
at any other than the seasons mentioned4
  ,clay ,bank4 ,this bank lies ,,sw4 by 
,w4 from ,mount ,desert ,rock1 the      
center distant #g miles4 ,it is #d miles
 long1 ,,wsw4 and ,,ene41 by #b miles   
wide4 ,depths are from #ej to #hj       
fathoms over a bottom of hard clay4 ,cod
 are the principal catch in spring1 hake
 in summer4 ,there is virtually no      
winter fishing4  ,newfound4 ,this ground
 lies off of the northeast edge of      
,jeffreys ,bank and is often considered 

a part of it1 but there seems to lie    
deep water between4 ,this is one of     
three grounds of the name in these      
waters4 ,the present piece of bottom    
lies #bj miles ,,se4 by ,s4 from        
,matinicus block and ,s4  ,e4 from ,seal
 ,island 7in ,penobscot ,bay7 and has a 
broken and irregular bottom with depths 
from #fj to #ajj fathoms over blue mud  
and shells and considerable areas of    
gravelly ground4 ,it is about #g miles  
long1 ,e4 by ,n4 and ,w4 by ,s41 and    
about #d miles wide4  ,fishing here in  
the summer months is mostly by          
hand-lining because of the presence of  
schools of dogfish in these waters at   
that season4 ,in the spring it is a good
 ground for cod1 and in the fall months 
cod1 hake1 and cusk are taken1 all by   
trawling4 ,perhaps ,march is the best   
month for cod fishing here1 the cusk    
being most numerous at the same season1 
when they are especially abundant in    
depths of #hj fathoms or more and are   
then taken by trawling4 ,in spring and  

early summer halibut are often found in 
depths of #ce to #fj fathoms on the     
gravelly parts of the ground4  ,a small 
rocky eminence just off the northern    
edge of the ground rises sharply from   
the #id-;fathom depths surrounding it to
 reach #dh fathoms4 ,on this are taken  
market cod 7#b to #aj pounds weight7    
during the spring months and very large 
cod 7fish reaching #ej1 #fj1 and #gj    
pounds or more7 during ,june1 ,july1 and
 ,august4 ,its small area makes this    
spot somewhat difficult to find4        
,jeffreys ,bank4 ,this ground lies east 
of ,cashes ,bank and1 despite its       
considerable size1 is of comparatively  
little importance as a fishing ground4  
,it is about #bj miles long4 ,,sw4 and  
,,ne41 and #aj miles wide4 ,the northern
 and southern limits are #dc #cj' and   
#dc #ae' north latitude4 ,the eastern   
edge is ,in #fh #be'1 the western in #fh
 #de'4 west longitude4 ,the bottom is   
somewhat broken--mud1 sand1 gravel1 and 
pebbles1 with a great number of small   

rocky ridges1 upon which good fishing is
 generally to be had1 although these    
spots are quite difficult to find and   
accommodate but little trawl gear4      
,there is virtually no fishing upon much
 of the interior parts of the bank      
between these spots1 where the bottom is
 mostly of mud4 ,depths over the bank   
vary from #ce to #gj fathoms4 ,the      
,outer ,fall and the ,inner ,fall4      
generally called ,monhegan ,fall1 are   
the only parts of ,jeffreys ,bank       
thought to be of much importance as     
fishing grounds4 ,both these formerly   
furnished excellent fishing but are not 
now as much resorted to1 although       
vessels from ,portland and ,rockland    
often fish here and bring in fair       
catches4  ,cod1 haddock1 and cusk are   
the most important species in the fares 
from this ground1 with a lesser amount  
of pollock and a few halibut1 these     
latter usually being taken on the small 
ridges above mentioned ,in the main1    
this bank is a winter ground2 good also 

in the spring and early summer before   
the dogfish strike it4 ,it is fished    
mostly by the smaller vessels--trawlers 
of from #ae to #gj tons4  ,the ,inner   
,fall lies ,,se4  ,s4 from ,monhegan    
,island1 #ba miles1 west of ,newfound #f
 miles1 and ,s4 by ,w  ,w4 from         
,matinicus ,rock #ag miles4 ,the ,outer 
,fall lies ,s4  ,e4 from ,matinicus     
,rock #ba miles4 ,these both have hard  
sharp bottoms1 which are good cod and   
cusk grounds in the spring4 ,the        
gravelly bottom1 both on the ,inner     
,fall and on the ,outer ,fall1 often    
holds halibut in the spring and early   
summer 7,may #a to ,july #ae7 in depths 
of from #ce to #fj fathoms4 ,the fishing
 ground of the ,inner ,fall is somewhat 
difficult to find1 the best portions    
lying in a narrow strip about #f miles  
long by something less than #a mile wide
 along the northwestern edge of the     
bank4  ,soundings ranging from #ce to   
#ee fathoms over the main body of the   
bank drop suddenly to #he and even #id  

on the edges4 ,the average depth is     
about #de fathoms over a rocky bottom1  
with good cod fishing in summer and cusk
 on the hard bottom of the deeper water4
 ,haddock usually are abundant on this  
bank in winter4 ,along the northern edge
 of ,jeffreys ,bank1 between the ,inner 
,fall and the ,outer ,fall1 in an       
average depth of #dj fathoms1 cod and   
halibut are taken in spring and summer4 
,the extreme southern part of the bank  
is also a fairly good cod ground1 while 
halibut occur in fair numbers in summer4
 ,depths here are from #ch to #de       
fathoms over rocks and gravel4  ,a small
 circular piece of ground rises about #b
 miles ,w4 of the bank1 lying between it
 and ,toothaker ,ridge4 ,this is about  
#b miles across and has depths averaging
 #ej fathoms over a rocky bottom4 ,this 
spot is a good summer cod ground4       
,toothaker ,ridge4 ,this bank is #bf    
miles ,s4  ,e4 from ,monhegan and lies  
in an ,,ene4 and ,,wsw4 direction4      
,there seem to be two ridges here1 the  

larger being about #e or #f miles long  
by about #a miles wide4 ,this inner     
ridge has a shoal of #ce fathoms on the 
western end1 from which it deepens      
eastward to about #de fathoms1 which is 
the general depth elsewhere on this     
piece of ground4  ,the outer ridge      
parallels the inner at about #a miles   
distance and there is a deep1 narrow    
gully between4 ,it apparently has about 
half the area of the other4 ,this       
smaller ridge has a #de-;fathom shoal of
 rocks on the western end1 deepening the
 water1 like the other1 to the eastward 
to #ge and #hj fathoms over a broken    
rocky bottom and #ij fathoms on hard    
mud4 ,this is an all-the-year cusk      
ground4 ,a few cod are present all the  
year4 but this species is most abundant 
here and on the other ridge in the      
spring and through ,june4 ,hake occur on
 the muddy ground in summer and fall4   
,on both shoals are abundant growths of 
lemons and like species of fish food1   
and they are good hand-line spots over  

their rocky bottoms4 ,fishing on both is
 said to be at its best in the spring   
and in ,june1 the species taken being   
cod1 cusk1 pollock1 and hake4 ,as before
 stated1 these are year-around cod and  
cusk ground1 pollock and hake being     
present in summer and fall1 the latter  
species over the muddy ground4 ,these   
grounds have been thought to lie too    
rough for trawling4 ,but occasional good
 fares are taken on them by this method4
  ,cashes ,bank4 ,our older reports     
state that ,cashes ,bank was not then an
 important fishing ground except for a  
short time in the spring1 although good 
fares were often taken there in the fall
 also4 ,the writer has found it         
furnishing at least its quota in recent 
years and in apparently increasing      
volume4 ,it bears ,e4 #a_/d ,s4 from    
,cape ,ann 7,thacher ,island ,light1    
from which point most skippers lay their
 course71 from which its shoaler parts  
are distant #gh miles1 and bears ,,se4  
#a_/d ,s4 from ,portland ,lightship #fi 

miles to the buoy upon it1 where is a   
depth of #ag fathoms2 and #gd miles     
,,se4  ,s4 from ,cape ,elizabeth eastern
 light to the buoy4 ,the bank is about  
#bb miles long1 from #db #di' to #dc    
#aa' north latitude1 and about #ag miles
 wide1 from #fh #dj' to #fi #jc' west   
longitude4 ,there are three small shoals
 upon its western part1 of which the    
southern has a depth of #g fathoms1 the 
middle one has #d fathoms1 and the      
northern one has #aa fathoms4 ,the      
middle shoal lies in #db #ef' north     
latitude and #fh #eb' west longitude4   
,from this the south shoal bears ,s4 by 
,e4 and the north shoal ,,nne41 each    
being #c #a_/d miles distant from it4   
,the water breaks on these in rough     
weather and1 though of small extent1    
they are dangerous to passing vessels   
bound from ,cape ,sable to              
,massachusetts ports1 across whose      
course they lie directly4 ,except for   
these shoals1 the water ranges from #ae 
to #fj fathoms4 ,the ground is more or  

less broken1 and the bottom is of sand1 
pebbles1 and rocks4  ,the principal     
fishing on these grounds is for cod1    
haddock1 hake1 and cusk2 the cod and    
cusk are present the year around1 the   
cod being most abundant in ,february1   
,march4 and ,april in an average depth  
of #fj fathoms4 ,the hake are found on  
the muddy edges in summer1 with a lesser
 number present all the year4 ,haddock  
are present in considerable numbers from
 ,november to ,february1 and sometimes a
 good school occurs in #bj-;fathom      
depths in ,april4 ,the arrival of the   
dogfish usually puts a temporary ending 
to the fishing here in the last days of 
,june or early ,in ,july1 to be resumed 
again when these pests have moved       
inshore4 ,formerly halibut were reported
 as seen rarely1 but of late years they 
have been found among the kelp in #ae to
 #ah fathoms on the shoal nearly the    
year around1 the fish ranging in size   
from #e to #dj pounds1 rarely larger4   
,halibut of larger size are taken       

occasionally in fairly good numbers in  
#cj to #ej fathoms in ,may and ,june4   
,perhaps this species is more abundant  
on this and neighboring grounds than is 
generally realized4 ,at all events1     
certain ,portland vessels have recently 
taken good fares of halibut when fishing
 for them here in the season named4     
,cusk are present in the deep water the 
year around4 ,as is the case with most  
of the detached ridges in this gulf1 the
 cusk is the most abundant of the fish  
present about the middle of ,march4     
continuing in good numbers through ,may4
 ,in herring years these fish usually   
occur in good numbers on this ground ,in
 late ,may1 and a considerable number of
 these 7food fish or large herring7 are 
taken here by seiners at this season4   
,mackerel are generally abundant on     
these grounds ,in those years when these
 fish occur ,in normal quantities on    
this coast4  ,vessels operating on      
,cashes ,bank range in size from #ae to 
#ej tons1 principally from ,maine ports1

 with a fair number of them from        
,gloucester and ,boston1 especially in  
winter4 ,of late years a few            
gill-netters have fished here1 and these
 craft are using these grounds in       
steadily increasing numbers4  ,a        
comparatively little known and          
apparently as yet unnamed ridge lies ,e4
 by ,s4 #ae miles from the buoy on      
,cashes ,ledge1 which is reported to be 
good fishing ground1 especially for cod 
and cusk4 ,with both species present    
here the year around1 the cod is said to
 be most abundant in ,april and ,may3   
and the cusk1 as is the rule on these   
outlying ridges1 appears in largest     
numbers in ,march and ,april4 ,haddock  
seem to be somewhat rare here4  ,this   
ridge lies in a ,,se4 and ,,nw4         
direction1 extending somewhat           
indefinitely but for at least #aj miles 
by about #c miles in width4 ,on the     
ridge the bottom is broken--a hard      
bottom of black gravel1 which usually   
means a good fishing spot--the depths   

here being from #he to #ij fathoms4     
,there are numerous muddy spots between 
these harder pieces of ground where     
soundings run to #ajj fathoms or        
slightly more4 ,the surrounding bottom  
is mostly of mud1 and the depths average
 from #ajj to #abe fathoms4 ,there are a
 number of pieces of gravelly hard      
ground in the vicinity1 each of which   
probably would furnish equally good     
fishing for cod and cusk at the same    
seasons as on the ridge4  ,due ,e4 from 
the buoy on ,ammens ,rock about #ab     
miles lies a ridge that rises from the  
#ajj to #abj fathom depths about it to a
 depth of about #hj fathoms over a      
bottom of broken ground1 mud1 and       
shells4 ,this shoaler piece is some #c  
miles long4 ,n4 by ,e4 and ,s4 by ,,nw41
 by #a mile wide4 ,it furnishes good    
fishing for cod1 hake1 and cusk in the  
spring1 ,april being the best season4   
,a ridge lying ,,nw4 of ,cashes ,bank   
and nearly parallel with the main bank1 
only separated by a narrow deep channel1

 is about #g miles long by #a miles     
wide4 ,the species and the seasons are  
the same here as on ,cashes ,bank4  ,big
 ,ridge 7near ,cashes ,bank74 ,this is a
 broken and rocky piece of bottom       
running from the tip of the southeastern
 part of the ground1 at about #aj miles 
,s4 from the buoy on ,ammens ,rock and  
about #hb miles ,,se4  ,s4 from the     
lightship at ,portland1 to a point about
 #bj miles ,s4 by ,e4 from the buoy     
named4 ,its length is not to be stated  
definitely1 and it is probably greater  
than here shown4 ,the width averages    
about #a to #b miles4 ,depths are from  
#fe to #hj fathoms and more1 increasing 
gradually as it goes away from the main 
bank4 ,the species and their seasons of 
abundance here are as on ,cashes ,bank4 
,perhaps this is more of a cod and cusk 
ground than is the main part of ,cashes 
,bank1 the cusk being particularly      
abundant during ,march and ,april4      
,halibut also are found here in ,may and
 ,june in from #ej to #fj fathoms of    

water4 ,a considerable amount of the    
fish shown in the table of the catch    
from the area included in ,cashes ,bank 
may very well have come from this piece 
of ground4  ,another big ridge1         
paralleling the #ajj-;fathom curve of   
,georges ,bank at about #bj miles ,n4 of
 it1 lies ,,se by ,s from the buoy on   
,cashes ,ledge1 forty miles to its      
center2 ,,se by ,s #aaj miles from      
,portland ,lightship2 ,,ese #ib miles   
from ,cape ,ann to its western end1 and 
,e4 by ,s4  ,s4 from the ship at ,boston
 #ajj miles4 ,this ridge also is of     
somewhat indefinite area1 being perhaps 
#bj miles long in an ,,ese by ,,wnw     
direction by #a to three miles wide4    
,apparently depths are fairly uniform   
from #he to #ie fathoms1 the bottom of  
the ridge being of coarse black sand and
 having blue mud in the deeper area     
around it4 ,this is said to be a good   
cod and cusk ground the year round4     
,john ,dyers ,ridge4 ,this lies #ad     
miles ,s4 by ,e4 from ,toothakers       

,ridge1 #dj miles ,s4 by ,e4 from       
,monhegan ,island1 and #g miles ,,ne4   
from ,cashes ,bank4 ,it is about #e     
miles long by #b miles wide1 lying in an
 ,,ene4 and ,,wsw4 direction4 ,the water
 is shoalest on the western edge1 where 
are from #de to #ej fathoms over a      
sharp1 pebbly bottom2 thence the ground 
slopes to the ,,ne4 into #ge and #hj    
fathoms over a hard1 gravelly1 and muddy
 bottom1 in all other directions falling
 off sharply to #ij and #ajj fathom     
soundings over a muddy bottom4  ,this is
 essentially a cod ground for the entire
 year1 the species being most abundant  
from ,may #a to ,november4 ,it is a cusk
 ground all the year on the hard bottom 
of the deeper parts1 ,march and ,april  
showing the largest schools4 ,hake also 
are abundant in #gj fathoms and deeper  
on the mud in summer and fall4          
,fifty-five ,fathom ,bunch4 ,west of    
,cashes ,bank is a rocky ridge extending
 ,,ene4 and ,,wsw4 about #d miles and   
having a width of about #a mile4 ,this  

is mainly a cod ground1 the seasons for 
the species being as on ,cashes ,bank4  
,fippenies ,bank4 ,this consists of two 
shoals averaging #hj fathoms in depth   
with a channel of #ij fathoms between   
them4 ,these run ,,ne4 and ,,sw41 the   
eastern shoal about #h miles long by #a 
mile wide1 the western about half as    
large4 ,fippenies bears ,e4 #a_/d ,s4   
from ,thacher ,island1 distant #fa      
miles2 from ,portland ,lightship1 ,,se4 
by ,s4  ,s1 #eg miles to the western    
point of the northern shoal in #ce      
fathoms4 ,the bank is nearly #aj miles  
long ,,ne4 and ,,sw4 and averages #d    
miles wide4 ,the bottom is of gravel1   
pebbles1 and clay1 having depths over   
much of the shoal of about #cj fathoms  
but also from #cf to #fj fathoms4 ,it is
 fished by the shore fleet in the spring
 and early summer4 ,the fish and seasons
 are as on ,cashes ,bank4 ,formerly     
twice as many haddock were taken here as
 on ,cashes or on ,platts ,bank1 but    
this has changed in recent years4       

,halibut are taken here in fair numbers 
in #de to #ee fathom depths in ,june1   
,july1 and ,august on the black gravel  
of the southern and western edge4 ,the  
white gravel on the north shoal is of   
little account as a fishing ground1     
since it is composed mostly of the      
shells of dead scallops4  ,the ,ridge   
7on the southern part of ,fippenies74   
,this is ,,sse4 from the light-ship at  
,portland #ge miles and has a bottom of 
yellow mud and pebbles and depths of #ge
 to #ie fathoms4 ,cod are present here  
in ,december and ,january2 cusk the year
 around1 but most numerous in ,february 
and ,march2 haddock in ,december and    
,january2 hake in ,september and        
,october4 ,the length of this bank is   
from #d to #e miles and the width       
somewhat less than #b miles4 ,it lies in
 an ,,ene4 and ,,wsw4 direction4        
,maurice ,lubee's ,ground4 ,this lies   
outside of ,new ,ledge 7,platts ,bank7  
#dg miles ,,sse4 from the lightship at  
,portland4 ,extending in an ,,ene4 and  

,,wsw4 direction1 its boundaries are    
somewhat indefinite4 ,it is perhaps #h  
miles long by #c miles wide and has     
depths from #ie to #aaj fathoms over a  
bottom consisting mostly of mud4  ,cusk 
are plentiful here in the spring1 with a
 few in the fall4 ,cod are taken all the
 year around1 the ,spring school being  
the largest4 ,hake are most numerous ,in
 the spring and fall months1 and haddock
 are not common but are most numerous in
 winter4  ,apparently the abundance of  
cod on this ground is due to the great  
quantity of shrimps and soft-shelled    
crabs found on the muddy bottom and on  
the rocks that compose this ground4     
,there seem to be many of these         
deep-water grounds between and about the
 shoaler grounds1 as near ,cashes1      
,fippenies1 and ,jeffreys1 which        
apparently serve as fairways over which 
the schools of hake1 cod1 and cusk1 move
 from ,georges ,bank into the ,gulf of  
,maine in the spring of the year4       
,harvey ,blacks ,ridge4 ,this is ,,se4  

,s4 from the lightship off ,portland1   
distant #db miles1 and ,,se4 from ,new  
,ledge1 distant #h miles4 ,from ,glovers
 ,rock1 off ,small ,point1 ,me4 this    
ridge lies ,,se4 by ,s4  ,s4 #da miles4 
,it extends in an ,,ene4 and ,,wsw4     
direction about #d miles long by ,i mile
 wide4 ,depths average #gj to #ajj      
fathoms over a bottom of yellow clay and
 gravel4 ,cod are taken here all the    
year4 ,haddock are found in the deep    
water in the spring3 cusk all the year  
in deep water1 together with hake in    
summer1 also on the muddy bottom in deep
 water4 ,pollock and other              
surface-schooling fish are found here in
 their proper season4  ,the ,cod ,ridge 
7formerly ,outer ,harris ,ground74 ,this
 lies ,,ne4 from the ,northeast ,peak of
 ,new ,ledge1 distant #g miles4 ,it     
extends in an ,,ene4 and ,,wsw4         
direction1 the ground narrowing and the 
water deepening to the eastward1 the    
shoal ground having #de fathoms on a    
bottom of small pebbles and fine black  

gravel and sand1 depths increasing in   
all other directions to #ajj fathoms on 
the mud and sloping off somewhat        
steeply1 especially on the southeast    
side1 where the drop is very sharp4 ,the
 length of the ground is about #e miles1
 the width #a mile4 ,this is an         
all-the-year cod ground1 the season of  
greatest abundance being from ,may #a to
 ,november4 ,the haddock are usually ,in
 their greatest numbers here from       
,january #a to ,april4 ,apparently no   
large number of cusk or hake are taken  
here on the ridge1 perhaps because the  
water is not deep enough for the former1
 except for the small fish1 which are of
 little value to the fishermen2 and the 
ground is not muddy enough for the      
latter species4 ,both species1 however1 
are found about the edges in the deep   
water1 the cusk on the sharpest1 hardest
 part of the bottom 7perhaps most common
 in ,february and ,march71 the hake1 as 
usual1 on the muddy parts about it4     
,three-,dory ,ridge4 ,outside of ,new   

,ledge and about midway between it and  
,harvey ,blacks ,ridge is a small ridge 
about #c miles long1 running ,,ne4 and  
,,sw41 and about  mile wide4 ,this lies 
,,se4 by ,s4 from the ,portland         
,lightship4 #ch miles to the shoal of   
#ee fathoms1 which is near its center4  
,from this the ground slopes away on all
 sides to #fc and #fe fathom depths over
 which area the bottom is made up of    
sand1 gravel1 mud1 and rocks4 ,at these 
lower depths are found pipes 7clay      
cylinders71 where the fishing ends      
abruptly4 ,all about the ridge are      
depths of #hj to #ajj fathoms on a      
bottom of mud4 ,this is almost entirely 
a cod ground1 good from ,may to ,august4
  ,platt's ,bank or ,new ,ledge4  ,this 
bears ,e4 by ,n4  ,n4 from ,thacher     
,island1 from which the shoal portion of
 the ledge is distant #ec miles4 ,from  
,portland ,lightship it is #cj miles    
,,sse4 to the center of the ground4 ,the
 bank is about #ab miles long1 ,,ne4 and
 ,,sw44 and about #h miles wide4 ,the   

western shoal1 which is of small extent 
and rocky and which has a considerable  
amount of dead shells upon it1 is       
situated near the center1 its depth     
being #bi fathoms4 ,from this shoal to  
the ,southwest ,peak is about #aa miles 
,,sw4 by ,s4 ,another shoal lies ,e4 #c 
miles1 having about #cj fathoms over    
sand and gravel1 which is a good fall   
ground for haddock4 ,east-northeast from
 the western shoal #c miles brings us to
 a rocky ridge1 with spots of hard mud  
and pebbles between1 in #fe-;fathom     
depth1 which is a fine winter cusk      
ground1 these fish remaining here until 
,april4 ,over much of the bank the      
depths range from #cj to #ce fathoms    
with a bottom of rocks and gravel4 ,from
 the edge of the shoaler area the bottom
 slopes gradually to #ej or #fj fathoms1
 beyond which it drops suddenly to #hj  
or #ij fathoms over a muddy bottom4     
,this was considered one of the very    
best fishing grounds for cod and haddock
 in the ,gulf of ,maine1 but the haddock

 catch here has fallen off recently4    
,hake also are very abundant during the 
summer months and often during ,october 
on the muddy bottom near the edge4      
,inside #ajj fathoms1 on a punkin bottom
 of rocks and gravel1 near the mud1     
haddock are found from ,december to     
,march4 ,cod1 pollock1 and cusk occur   
from ,may to ,october1 the former on the
 rocky and gravelly portions1 the latter
 on the deep soundings1 with the        
,northeast ,peak the best summer ground4
 ,this is also an especially good fall  
and winter ground for haddock4 ,halibut 
are often found in #ce fathoms 7small   
fish7 from ,september through ,november2
 also ,in spring and early summer4 ,this
 ground is fished by vessels from ,cape 
,cod1 ,mass41 to ,cutler1 ,me41 mainly  
by trawling1 some hand-lining1 but no   
gill netting of importance as yet4      
,jeffreys ,ledge4  ,jeffreys ,ledge may 
be considered one of the best fishing   
grounds in the ,gulf of ,maine1 although
 of comparatively small size4 ,it       

appears to be an extension of the shoal 
ground that makes off in an easterly    
direction from ,cape ,ann1 it is about  
#bj miles long in a ,,ne4 and ,,sw4     
direction and about #d miles wide4 ,its 
southern limits is #db #ed' and its     
northern limit #dc north latitude2 its  
eastern and western boundaries may be   
placed at #fi #eh' and #gj #ah' west    
longitude4 ,the bottom is rocky on the  
shoaler parts1 with gravel and pebbles  
on the edges4 ,depths on the bank are   
from #bg to #ce fathoms1 falling off to 
#dj or #ej on the edges4 ,the shoalest  
water lies from #d to #e miles ,n4 by   
,e4 from the buoy1 where there is #bb   
fathoms4 ,ordinarily there is little or 
no tide1 with an occasional current     
,,sw4 ,there are1 however1 strong       
westerly currents with the heavy        
easterly winds1 and often after a period
 of mild weather with no strong tides   
there will suddenly develop a heavy     
,,sw4 flow1 indicating the approach of a
 strong northwester4 ,this seems a      

general rule in the ,gulf of ,maine and 
is1 perhaps1 prevalent over much of our 
,north ,atlantic coast4  ,jeffreys      
,ledge bears ,s4  ,w4 from the lightship
 off ,portland1 #ai miles to the        
northern edge and #bb miles ,s4 from the
 buoy on the ,hue and ,cry to the edge  
of the shoal4  ,a small cove makes for a
 short distance into the western side of
 ,jeffreys ,ledge at about #bj miles    
from ,boon ,island in a ,,se4 by ,s4    
,s4 direction4 ,the bottom in the cove  
is broken and muddy1 with depths of     
about #fj fathoms4 ,thence1 the ground  
slopes away to the mouth1 where the     
edges about the entrance are rocky and  
have #gj and #ge fathom depths4 ,these  
rocky areas are cusk grounds in         
,january1 ,february1 and ,march1 during 
which months the cove itself usually    
furnishes good haddock fishing4 ,outside
 these depths the water deepens westward
 over a muddy bottom1 where are from #hj
 to #ij and even #ajj fathoms of water4 
,fishing here is mainly by trawl and    

gill nets4  ,lying about ,,se4 by ,s4   
#e4 from the ,isle of ,shoals #bj miles1
 #ac miles ,s4 by ,w4 from the whistling
 buoy on ,jeffreys1 and #dc miles ,s4 by
 ,w4 from ,cape ,elizabeth is a broken  
piece of bottom having from #ge to #he  
fathoms of water over it1 which is a    
haddock ground from ,january to ,april  
and a cusk and hake ground all the year4
  ,a small shoal in the western part of 
the ,cove of ,jeffreys1 having #ej      
fathoms over a bottom of blue clay and  
rocks and rising from the #fj and #gj   
fathom soundings about it1 is about #a  
miles long by about #c_/d mile wide4    
,this shoal is ,,sse4 from ,boon ,island
 #ae miles4 ,it is a winter ground for  
cod and haddock4  ,clay ,ridge4 ,at     
various points about the edges of       
,jeffreys ,ledge are small detached     
ridges1 which in their season are good  
fishing grounds4 ,the present piece of  
ground lies #bf miles ,s4 by ,w4 from   
the lightship at ,portland1 which course
 and distance bring us to the northern  

edge4 ,there is a #ej-;fathom shoal of  
small size upon it1 but elsewhere       
soundings average from #fe to #gj       
fathoms over a bottom of hard clay4 ,the
 length of the ground is about #d miles 
,,nne4 and ,,ssw41 and the breadth about
 #a mile4 ,this furnishes good          
haddocking in ,january1 ,february4 and  
,march4 the latter month showing the    
best fishing4  ,jerry ,yorks ,ridge4    
,this lies just inside and paralleling  
,jeffreys ,ledge ,,wnw4 from its shoal  
water and about #e miles distant from   
the ledge and about #ah miles ,,se4 by  
,s4  ,s4 from ,cape ,porpoise4 ,this    
ground has from #de to #dh fathoms of   
water on a rocky broken bottom4 ,it is  
about #e miles long1 ,,nne4 and ,,ssw41 
and averages #a miles wide4 ,this is a  
good cod and haddock ground ,in the fall
 and up to ,january1 these fish         
returning here in the spring months4    
,howard ,nunans ,ridge4 ,of similar     
nature to the last1 this rises #d miles 
inside of and parallel to it1 lying #ad 

miles from ,cape ,porpoise on the same  
bearings 7,,se4 by ,s4  ,s474 ,this     
appears to be made up of two shoals1 the
 northern rising to #ej fathoms of water
 over a rocky1 broken bottom about #c   
miles long by #a mile wide1 deepening   
southwesterly to a narrow1 muddy gully1 
where are #hj fathoms1 and rising again 
to #fj fathoms over rocks and broken    
ground4 ,the whole ground is about #h   
miles long with average widths of from  
#a to #a miles4 ,this ground furnishes  
good cod fishing and haddocking in the  
fall and early winter and again in the  
spring months4  ,southeast ,jeffreys4   
,off the southeast edge of ,jeffreys1   
about #bd miles ,,se4 from ,boon        
,island1 lies a piece of fishing ground 
having a hard bottom of sand1 gravel1   
and rocks1 where depths slope away      
gradually from the #ej-;fathom soundings
 near the main body of the bank to the  
#ij-;fathom mark farther out4 ,this area
 is a good ground for cod and haddock in
 the winter and spring and a hake ground

 in ,march4 ,this fishing spot is about 
#c or #d miles square and is bounded on 
all but the western side by muddy       
bottom1 which is of little value as a   
fishing ground4 ,usually there is good  
haddocking in ,march on the outside of  
,jeffreys1 on its southeastern edge and 
in the cove between it and ,tillies in  
#fj and #gj fathom depths on a broken   
and muddy bottom4 ,this spot lies ,,se  
from the ,isle of ,shoals1 #bg miles to 
the center4  ,eastern ,shoal ,water of  
,cape ,ann4 ,this is generally          
considered a part of ,jeffreys and is   
often spoken of as ,west ,jeffreys by   
the fishermen4 ,it extends ,in an ,,ene4
 direction from ,cape ,ann for a        
distance of from #ae to #ah miles4 ,it  
is1 in fact1 a southwest continuation of
 ,jeffreys ,ledge1 the two forming a    
nearly continuous ridge running ,,ne4   
from ,cape ,ann a distance of about #db 
miles4 ,depths on the so-called ,eastern
 ,shoal ,water vary from #bj to #de     
fathoms1 the bottom being of rocks1     

pebbles1 and coarse gravel over most of 
its extent4 ,sand and mud occur on the  
edges4 ,the eastern part of the ground  
is resorted to by the haddock fleet     
during the fall and early winter1 and   
other parts are visited more or less    
during the entire year for cod1 haddock1
 and pollock by vessels and boats from  
,cape ,ann and by craft of various types
 from ,boston and ,portland-line        
trawlers1 gill-netters1 and a few of the
 new type of small otter trawlers1 this 
latter fleet of craft constantly growing
 in number4  ,on the ledge cod1 haddock1
 and cusk are taken in the full winter  
and spring1 winter1 perhaps1 furnishing 
the best fishing4 ,there are also more  
or less pollock1 and hake constitute an 
important part of the catch4 ,in those  
seasons when herring make their         
appearance in these waters the seiners  
make good catches here1 mostly of food  
fish1 as the large herring are termed by
 the trade4 ,the mackerel1 also1 appear 
on these grounds and on the smaller     

grounds nearer to shore to northward and
 westward in good-sized schools1 usually
 from ,july #a through ,september4 ,for 
many years the haddock catch from this  
bank has been of considerable           
importance1 and this statement remains  
true for recent years as well4          
,formerly this fishery was almost       
entirely carried on by trawlers and     
hand-liners1 but the gill-net fishery on
 these grounds is of great and steadily 
growing importance4 ,of late the larger 
part of the haddock catch has been taken
 by the otter-trawl method1 this gear   
being operated by steamers of           
considerable size and upon the more     
distant grounds1 such as ,georges ,bank1
 the ,south ,channel1 and the ,western  
,bank4 ,the same change to fishing      
grounds farther offshore has to a great 
extent taken place in the fleet of      
larger sailing vessels1 thus leaving    
,jeffreys and other inshore banks to the
 smaller craft2 except that1 with the   
high prices of haddock and cod in the   

winter months1 it is often profitable   
for these larger vessels to run off to  
near-by banks for one set and return to 
port the same day4  ,on the inner parts 
of this ground1 particularly1 the       
gill-net fleet operates extensively1    
mainly in the full and spring1 on       
northwest ,jeffreys #h to #ab miles ,e4 
and ,,se4 from ,thacher ,island1 where  
the bottom is sand and rocks4 ,other    
gill-netting grounds are #h to #ae miles
 ,,ne4 by ,e4 from ,thacher ,island in  
#bb fathoms on a hard bottom of mud and 
mixed material of sand and gravel4 ,the 
,cove of ,jeffreys1 ,,ne4 by ,e4 #ab to 
#ae miles from ,thacher ,island1 is a   
favorite haddock ground in the spring   
7,april #bj to ,may #ae7 in #de to #gj  
or even #hj fathoms1 although gill nets 
are not often fished in more than #ej   
fathoms because of the1 weight of the   
nets in the deeper water4 ,in the spring
 7in ,april and ,may71 the haddock come 
in on ,scantum1 #aj miles ,,nne4 from   
,thacher ,island between ,jeffreys      

,ledge and the ,isle of ,shoals1 on a   
broken bottom of rocks and blue clay in 
#ee to #gj fathoms4  ,off ,newburyport  
and ,n4 and ,,sw4 of the ,isle of       
,shoals are gill-netting grounds that   
are much used4 ,trawling and netting are
 carried on1 beginning in #dj fathoms in
 ,february and ,march and working off to
 #gj fathoms off ,salisbury ,bench in   
,may4 ,cod are on this ground about two 
weeks in ,october and in ,february and  
,march are found in abundance off ,boars
 ,head4 ,hake are present here all the  
fall and are found all along the        
southeast side of these grounds in      
depths of #de to #fj fathoms4 ,a certain
 amount of halibut may be taken in most 
years at various points on a bottom of  
hard gravel in spring and early summer  
in #ce to #fe fathoms4 ,in most years a 
large amount of mackerel is taken on    
,jeffreys1 notably so in #aibe4         
,herring1 also1 are usually abundant    
here in herring years4  ,the ,shoal     
,ground1 stretching easterly from       

,thacher ,island1 has depths from #bj to
 #cj fathoms over a bottom of sand and  
gravel4 ,this area is about #ae miles   
long by #e miles wide and is an         
important pollock ground in their       
spawning time as well as a good fall    
cod-fishing ground4 ,it is about #ab    
miles ,e4 by ,n4 from ,thacher ,island  
to its center and #ba miles ,,se4 by ,s4
 from the ,isle of ,shoals4 ,flounder   
draggers also operate here on the shoal 
ground and all around ,thacher ,island  
but mostly to eastward  southeastward4  
,tillies ,bank4 #ac ,this bears ,e  ,s  
from ,eastern ,point ,light just        
dropping ,thacher ,island ,light1 then  
#c miles farther for best fishing3 and  
,e4 by ,s4  ,s4 from ,thacher ,island1  
,cape ,ann1 from which the shoal on the 
center of the ground is distant #ah     
miles4 ,this is a small rocky spot with 
depths of from #be to #bh fathoms1      
outside of which the water deepens to   
#dj fathoms over a considerable area4   
,the length of the entire ground is     

about #aj miles in an ,e4 and ,w4       
direction and the width about #e miles4 
,at the edge it falls off rapidly to    
depths of #ej to #fj fathoms before     
reaching the mud at still greater depths
 but an area of shoal water connects    
this ground with ,west ,jeffreys4 ,the  
bottom is rocky and rough over the      
greater part of the bank4 ,tillies was  
formerly regarded as one of the best    
fishing grounds off ,cape ,ann and is   
still resorted to for cod and haddock in
 the spring and fall2 for hake in the   
spring1 summer1 and fall1 and for       
pollock in the spring and fall4 ,the    
fishing is mainly by trawling1 with the 
gillnetters operating on the shoal      
grounds in less than #ej fathoms4       
,stellwagen ,bank also called ,middle   
,bank4 ,this separates ,massachusetts   
,bay from the open water of the ,gulf of
 ,maine and extends from near ,cape ,ann
 nearly to ,cape ,cod4 ,the center of   
this ground bears ,s by ,e  ,e from     
,thacher ,island and ,n by ,w  ,w from  

,highland ,light1 ,cape ,cod4 ,the      
,southern ,part of the ,bank is distant 
#e miles from ,race ,point ,cape ,cod1  
and its northwest prong reaches to      
within #ab or #ae miles of ,eastern     
,point ,cape ,cod4 ,the shoaler portion1
 with depths from #i to #ai fathoms1 is 
#ag miles long in a ,n by ,w and ,s by  
,e direction and has a width of #d      
miles4 ,this part is sandy but the      
eastern slope1 in depths of from #be to 
#ee fathoms1 consists of coarse sand    
gravel and pebbles4 ,on this gravelly   
slope cod and haddock have been taken   
plentifully over a long term of years1  
the cod in the fall and spring and the  
haddock in the winter months4 ,on the   
southern end of the bank and between    
this and ,race ,point cod abound in fall
 and winter4 ,the whole bank is also a  
mackerel ground when the fish are in    
these waters1 the best in the season    
averaging to be from ,july #ae through  
,september4  ,this bank is now mainly an
 ,italian boat ground and is used by    

small craft from ,boston and            
,gloucester4 ,gill-netting here is      
especially extensive in ,november and   
,december1 mostly for pollock4 ,netters 
operate about #bb miles ,,sse4 from     
,eastern ,point in #bb to #be fathoms on
 a hard bottom4 ,good pollock catches   
are made in #be to #dj fathoms on the   
eastern and southeastern slopes in the  
latter part of ,november and early      
,december4 ,haddock are here from       
,november #a to ,march #a and from      
,april #bj to ,may #ae4 ,cod are present
 all the year1 the largest school       
occurring during ,august1 ,september and
 ,october4 ,it is a cusk ground from    
,november to ,march in the deeper water4
 ,what seems a somewhat unusual         
occurrence in these later years was the 
appearance of a considerable school of  
halibut on the northern slope of        
,stellwagen during the last half of     
,april #aibf1 several small craft       
getting from #b1jjj to #c1jjj pounds in 
their fares4  ,wild ,cat ,ridge4 ,very  

heavy tides sweep over this ground1     
making it difficult to haul gear in     
fishing upon it1 whence1 it is said1    
comes the name4 ,it lies ,,nne from     
,highland ,light1 ,cape ,cod1 #ah miles 
to its southern edge2 ,,se  ,s from     
,thacher ,island #ca miles2 and is about
 #g miles long in a north and south     
direction by about #c miles wide4 ,the  
bottom is hard1 of broken shells and    
sand1 and depths are from #de to #fj    
fathoms4 ,there are #ajj fathom depths  
inside of the ground and from #ajj to   
#aaj fathoms outside of it4 ,apparently1
 this is an all the year ground for cod1
 cusk1 and haddock1 although but little 
fished at any time other than the winter
 seasons4   ,table #c--,outer ,fishing  
,grounds1 showing the principle species 
taken upon them4   ,footnote #ac3 ,there
 has been some speculation as to the    
origin of the somewhat unusual name of  
this bank4 ,the writer would note that  
there was an ,edward ,tillie in the     
,company of ,captain ,john ,smith when  

he explored this region in #afad and a  
,tilly 7perhaps the same person7 who    
operated a fishing station at ,cape ,ann
 during the years #afbd and #afbe4      
,,georges ,,area  ,east side of ,cape   
,cod4 ,the sea bottom off the east side 
of ,cape ,cod is mainly sandy and slopes
 off gradually from the beach1 reaching 
depths of #cj to #dj fathoms at #e to #g
 miles from land4 ,below ,chatham the   
slope is even more gradual4 ,within     
these limits good catches of cod are    
taken occasionally1 and to a less extent
 the same is true of haddock4 ,farther  
from the shore1 in from #dj to #hj      
fathoms and from a point #h or #aj miles
 off the ,highlands of ,cape ,cod to    
another point lying #bj miles or more   
,,sse4 from ,chatham ,lights1 is a      
continuous stretch of excellent haddock 
grounds for winter fishing4 ,the deep   
water off ,chatham furnishes excellent  
hake fishing in summer and fall4  ,this 
shore furnishes excellent mackerel      
fishing during most of the season when  

these fish are in northern waters4      
,virtually no gill-netters operate here1
 the distance to market being great and 
the chance of rough weather and the lack
 of safe harbor making it dangerous for 
small craft4 ,from this stretch of shore
 7mostly from off ,chatham7 there were  
landed at ,boston in the year #aibc1 #ff
 fares with a total of #a1gig1hbf pounds
 valued at #gf1hge4  ,tobins4 ,a name   
given to a piece of ground about #bj    
miles square lying ,s4 by ,e4 from the  
,highland ,light4 ,it runs from about   
#dj miles to about #fj miles offshore1  
the depths gradually increasing as the  
bottom slopes away evenly from the shore
 from #ge to #ie fathoms over a bottom  
of clay1 sand1 and pebbles4 ,cod are    
taken here in the spring1 summer1 and   
fall1 and haddock in ,february1 ,march1 
and ,april4 ,a few hake are taken here  
in summer1 but1 as compared with the    
grounds off ,chatham1 this is not to be 
considered a hake ground4  ,morris      
,ledge4 ,this lies eastward of ,chatham 

and is a favorite ground for certain cod
 fishermen during spring and early      
summer4 ,schooners and small craft      
operate here4  ,outer ,crab ,ledge4 ,the
 center lies about #ad miles ,,ese from 
,chatham ,lights4 ,it extends about #e  
or #f miles in a ,n4 and ,s4 direction  
and is about #a mile wide4 ,depths run  
from #ai to #bc fathoms2 the bottom is  
rocky4 ,the fishing is principally for  
cod in the fall1 winter and spring4     
,vessel fishing here is principally in  
the spring4  ,nantucket ,shoals4 ,this  
stretch of bars and deeper waters       
between1 roughly triangular in form with
 its apex at the north1 lies along the  
western edge of the ,south ,channel1    
extending ,s4 and ,,se4 from the        
southern end of ,cape ,cod and          
,nantucket ,island4 ,from ,monomoy      
,point to ,rogers ,fishing ,ground1 on  
the eastern edge of ,phelps ,bank1 it is
 ,,sse4 #hj miles4 ,its width from      
,southeast ,rips to the western edge of 
,new ,south ,shoal is #dj miles4 ,the   

area includes a number of fishing spots 
and shoals1 among which the following   
are the most important3 ,pollock ,rip   
,ground1 ,rose and ,crown ,shoal1 ,great
 ,rip1 ,davis ,bank1 ,fishing ,rip1 ,old
 and ,new ,south ,shoal1 and ,phelps    
,bank4  ,on and about all these shoals  
the sail fleet makes good catches1      
mainly consisting of cod but with a fair
 proportion of pollock1 also1 and in the
 deeper water close to them1 in spring  
and summer1 a considerable amount of    
haddock4 ,an occasional large halibut is
 taken1 and even good catches have been 
reported4 ,there were noted in the daily
 report of the ,boston ,fish ,bureau    
between ,may #ae and ,august #ae1 #aibj1
 #aj trips made by the smaller vessels  
of the halibut fleet that landed fares  
of from #b1jjj to #aj1jjj pounds of this
 species from this area4 ,perhaps more  
would be taken if the halibut fishery   
were to be followed here as in other    
areas4 ,rip fishing1 as conducted here1 
is done at a drift1 moving over the     

shoals and1 as they move off from them1 
sailing back to repeat the process4 ,the
 fish are taken by hand-lining with     
cockle bait or by jigging the fish with 
a shiny piece of metal representing a   
herring or similar fish1 below which are
 set twin hooks1 the fish being struck  
when it is felt investigating the lure4 
,this fishery generally is carried on   
during ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 and ,august4 
,in the mackerel and herring seasons    
these grounds usually furnish good      
fishing for these species1 the fish     
usually striking here from ,may #ae to  
,july #ae4  ,pollock ,rip ,grounds4     
,these lie between ,pollock ,rip        
,lightship and ,shovelful ,lightship and
 extend northward to ,pollock ,rip      
,shoal4 ,these grounds are #c miles     
long1 ,e4 and ,w41 by #b miles ,n4 and  
,s4 ,the depths range from #d to #ab    
fathoms4 ,these are fished from ,monomoy
 and in stormy weather from ,chatham    
instead of going to the ,crab ,ledge4   
,late in the spring and early in the    

fall the cod move inshore4 ,in winter   
the cod leave ,pollock ,rip for the     
deeper water4  ,rose and ,crown ,shoal4 
,this is a small piece of ground #g     
miles ,,ese4 from ,sankaty ,head4 ,the  
fishing area lies between the ,round    
,shoal and ,rose and ,crown buoys1      
making a stretch perhaps #f miles long  
by #a miles wide4 ,sometimes good       
fishing may be had from #f to #ab mile1 
from ,great ,round ,shoal buoy4 ,as     
elsewhere on and about these shoals1 the
 cod is the principal species caught1   
pollock being next in importance1 and a 
few haddock4  ,nantucket ,shoals1       
,madisons ,spot4 ,,sse4 #ac miles front 
,round ,shoal buoy1 has #i fathoms over 
a smooth hard bottom of sand4 ,it is    
about #c miles long1 from ,,se4 to ,,nw4
 by #a miles wide4 ,this is a flounder  
ground for the greater part of the year 
and a good cod ground in ,october and   
,november4 ,as is the rule elsewhere in 
this neighborhood1 tides are heavy over 
this ground4  ,nantucket ,shoal--,great 

,rip4 ,lies #ac miles ,e4 by ,s4  ,s4   
from ,sankaty ,head ,light4 ,nantucket4 
,it is #e miles long from ,n1 to ,s4 and
 #c miles broad4 ,over this area the    
depths are from #i to #ah feet1 but the 
fishing is done mainly around the edges 
in #f to #ab fathoms where the bottom is
 gravel and shells covered with sponges 
and kelp4 ,here1 as on all these shoals1
 the greater part of the fishing is done
 by that method known as rip fishing4   
,cod are taken chiefly by hand-lining in
 ,may4 ,june1 ,july1 and ,august4       
,nantucket ,shoals2 ,davis ,bank2 ,crab 
,bank4 ,this is an irregular piece of   
bottom lying in a generally ,,ene4 and  
,,wsw direction at about #bj miles      
distance ,,ese from ,sankaty ,head4 ,it 
is perhaps #ad miles long by #e miles   
wide at its broadest4 ,depths upon it   
are from #d to #i fathoms1 with         
soundings of #ab to #ah about it1 over a
 bottom of sand and broken shells4      
,nantucket ,shoals ,fishing ,rip is an  
elongate bank lying #bi miles ,,se4 from

 ,sankaty ,head ,light4 ,it is #aj miles
 long in a ,,ne and ,,sw direction and  
,southeast ,rip 7,nantucket ,shoals7    
lies ,,se4 from ,sankaty ,head #ce      
miles4 ,it has depths from #h to #aj    
fathoms over an area about #aj miles    
long by #b miles wide1 with from #bb to 
#cj fathoms over the sandy bottom around
 it4  ,phelps ,bank4 ,this bank lies #ch
 miles ,,se1  ,s4 from ,sankaty ,head   
,light and agrees more or less in size1 
shape1 trend1 and character of the      
bottom with ,fishing ,rip4 ,depths are  
from #aj to #ag fathoms4 ,on the        
southeast edge of this lies ,rogers     
,fishing ,ground1 with #bd to #dj       
fathoms over fine gray sand4 ,it is     
perhaps mainly a haddock ground4        
,nantucket ,shoals 7,south ,shoal74     
,this name is applied to the fishing    
ground about ,nantucket ,lightship1     
which marks the ,old ,south ,shoal and  
the ,new ,south ,shoal1 the two making a
 continuous reef of irregular form some 
#aj to #ab miles in length and from #a  

to #c miles wide4 ,the northern end of  
this lies about #ab miles ,s4 by ,e4    
from ,sankaty ,head 7the ,old ,south    
,shoal71 and the southern extremity of  
the ,new ,south ,shoal reaches to about 
#bj miles ,s4  ,e4 from the same point4 
,the fishing ground lies mostly to the  
,s4 of these shoals and about the       
lightship1 where otter trawling is      
carried on in all directions from the   
ship except from ,n4 to ,,ne41 where lie
 the vessels sunk by the ,german        
submarine in the late war4 ,this fishery
 is also carried on ,,wnw4 from the ship
 for a distance of #dj miles1 even into 
#g fathom depths near ,muskeget ,inlet4 
,elsewhere depths average from #ac to   
#ah fathoms on the inner parts of the   
grounds1 whence they slope away         
gradually from the shore soundings into 
#ej1 #hj1 or even more on the outer     
edge1 where the ground falls away       
rapidly into the deeps4 ,for the most   
part this area has a bottom of sand1 but
 there are small stretches of coarse    

gravel1 broken shells1 pebbles1 and a   
few muddy spots4  ,within comparatively 
recent years this ground has been much  
used by the otter trawlers1 which type  
of craft has developed a productive     
fishery here1 which is being operated in
 steadily increasing volume and takes a 
catch that is predominantly of haddock4 
,the proportion of cod taken here by    
these vessels is very small1 even       
smaller than that from other grounds    
fished by the otter-trawl method4       
,pollock and hake1 too1 make a small    
item in the fares from the neighborhood 
of the ,south ,shoal4 ,in the average   
otter-trawl fare haddock makes up the   
greater part of the catch because1 as a 
rule1 this type of gear is operated     
mostly on the smooth1 sandy bottom which
 this species prefers4 ,the otter-trawl 
fishery here is at its best from early  
,may through ,june1 ,july1 and the first
 halt of ,august4 ,few trips are        
reported from this ground at other      
seasons4 ,perhaps the haddock leaves the

 shoal grounds here earlier than when it
 moves out of the same depths in ,the   
,channel4  ,the early fishing for the   
swordfish generally takes place in this 
vicinity1 and in normal seasons mackerel
 are found here in abundance from ,may  
#ae to ,august1 and1 as is the custom   
with this uncertain fish1 it may appear 
here again in the late fall4  ,the      
,channel4 #ad ,the ,channel marks the   
western edge of ,georges ,bank4 ,its    
boundaries are somewhat indefinite1 but 
the old ,eldridge chart states that for 
the fishermen the #cj fathom curve      
running southerly from ,race ,point4    
,cape ,cod1 limits its western edge4    
,this ground is much visited by the     
,boston fleet1 both sail and steam1 line
 trawlers and otter trawlers1 the fleet 
of ,gloucester1 and the otter-trawl     
fleet that has developed in ,new ,york  
in recent years4 ,this area is all good 
fishing ground in the proper season1 but
 perhaps the most important is that part
 lying #be miles ,e4  ,s4 from ,sankaty 

,head1 ,nantucket4 ,here is a level1    
sandy bottom1 where1 during ,may1 ,june1
 ,july1 and ,august1 the otter trawlers 
operate successfully in #ah to #cj      
fathoms of water1 making a catch that   
consists principally of haddock1 with a 
considerable proportion of cod1         
especially in ,june and ,july1 and with 
a fair amount also of pollock1 cusk1 and
 hake4 ,small halibut are fairly        
abundant here1 also1 these fish being of
 from #e to ,r pounds1 rarely larger4   
,flounders are abundant1 with a good    
number of lemon soles and gray soles1   
which are very popular with the trade4  
,the sail fleet operates here also1 but1
 as a rule1 more of these vessels are   
found on the ground lying some #aj miles
 farther eastward1 on the edge of       
,georges in somewhat deeper water 7#cj  
to #ej fathoms7 on a rougher and rockier
 bottom1 where there is a greater       
proportion of cod in the catch than on  
the western area4  ,the ,sankaty ,head  
ground is about #bj miles long by about 

#h miles wide1 stretching from #ee miles
 ,,se4 from ,highland ,light to #gh     
miles ,,se4 by ,s  ,s4 from the same    
point 7the bottom of the ,channel71 and 
is bounded on all sides by pieces of    
bottom less favorable to the operation  
of the otter trawl because of the       
presence of rocks1 sponges1 or other    
obstacles1 which interfere with the free
 passage of the net over the bottom but 
offer less trouble to the line-trawl    
fishermen4 ,a good spring haddock ground
 lies ,,ese4 #fe miles from the         
,highlands in #gj fathoms4 best in      
,march and ,april4 ,as the cold weather 
advances the fish move away in great    
part from these grounds1 going into the 
deeper water1 the catches of the fall   
and winter months being taken mainly ,in
 depths of from #fj to #ajj fathoms4 ,at
 this season and in these depths the    
vicinity of the ,corner of the ,channel1
 ,clarks ,side4 and the area ,n and ,w  
of the ,cultivator usually have a good  
winter school of haddock4 ,this has been

 particularly large during the past     
three year4 7#aibc to #aibe74 ,thus1 it 
may be seen that the ,channel is an     
important ground during most of the     
year4  ,the figures of the catch from   
,clarks ,bank have been shown together  
with those of ,georges ,bank4 of which1 
in fact1 this area is a part4  ,the     
larger part of the sail fleet is found  
fishing on the grounds of the eastern   
side of the ,channel and of the western 
edge of ,georges ,bank1 in part to      
escape the damage that the otter        
trawlers cause to them in dragging away 
their gear4 ,it is often impossible for 
these steamers to avoid some damage of  
this kind3 especially is this the case  
in the thick weather so prevalent oil   
,georges4 ,in the summer months of the  
mackerel years a large catch of this    
species is taken from the waters of the 
,channel4  ,st4 ,georges ,bank1 more    
generally known as ,georges ,bank4 #ae  
,this is by far the largest and most    
important fishing ground near the coast 

of the ,united ,states and is second to 
none in the western ,atlantic except the
 ,grand ,bank of ,newfoundland4 ,it lies
 eastward of ,cape ,cod and ,nantucket  
,shoals and is apparently an extension  
of the latter1 since the water is no    
deeper between the southern part of the 
shoals and the western part of the bank 
than in many places upon it4 ,its       
southern limit1 as shown on the chart1  
is #dj #dj' north latitude1 though the  
#ej-;fathom line extends #g miles       
farther south4 ,the southern limit1     
therefore1 may be considered to be about
 #dj #cj' and the northern as #db #jh'  
north latitude4 ,the eastern part is in 
about #ff and the western in about #fi  
west longitude4 ,the greatest length    
from the northeastern to the            
southwestern extremity is about #aej    
miles2 the greatest width1 ,n4 and ,s41 
about #ih miles1 according to the charts
 of the ,coast ,survey4  ,depths range  
from #b to #ej fathoms4 ,on the western 
part1 between the parallels of #da #aj' 

and #da #ec' north latitude and the     
meridians of #hg #bj' and #fh #cg' west 
longitude are a number of shoals1 known 
as the ,east ,shoal1 ,north ,shoal1     
,southwest ,shoal4 ,cultivator1 etc4    
,the ,southwest ,shoal is the largest1  
being #ae miles long ,,ssw and ,,nne41  
with an average width of #b miles4 ,the 
position of the center of this shoal is 
#da #ci' north latitude and #fg #dh'    
west longitude4 ,there are from #b to   
#ae fathoms of water on the shoals and  
between them are depths of from #ab to  
#cj fathoms4 ,the tide sweeps over these
 with great force1 causing strong rips1 
and during rough weather the sea breaks 
heavily on them1 rendering approach to  
their vicinity extremely hazardous4     
,over most of the bank the bottom is    
sand1 although patches of rough ground  
7gravel1 pebbles1 and rocks7 of greater 
or less extent are found in some        
localities4 ,its position between the   
,bay of ,fundy and the ,gulf ,stream    
cause the tide to run swifter than on   

other banks and to swirl around instead 
of passing directly over1 back and      
forth4 ,the writer has seen two men have
 difficulty in holding an empty dory    
against the current4  ,the ,report on   
the ,fishery ,industry of the ,united   
,states1 in #ahhg1 says that the first  
attempt at fishing here 7of which there 
is any record7 was made in #ahba by     
three ,gloucester vessels4 ,the cod and 
halibut industry1 according to the same 
authority1 began in #ahcj1 although not 
fully established as a permanent        
industry until #ahce4  ,the area of the 
whole bank is approximately #h1jej      
square miles1 all of which1 except for  
the shoals1 is available in summer for  
the taking of cod1 haddock1 cusk1       
halibut1 and hake1 with a considerable  
amount of mackereling and swordfishing1 
as well as the taking of other species4 
,during ,february1 ,march1 and ,april   
large schools of cod make their         
appearance on the bank4 ,at this season 
these are found most abundantly on the  

,winter ,fishing ,ground2 a part of     
,georges lying eastward and             
southeastward of the ,north ,shoal      
between the parallels of #da #cj' and   
#db #jj' north latitude and #ff #ch' and
 #fg #cj' west longitude4 ,the area of  
this ,winter ,fishing ,ground is about  
#a1ajj square miles4 ,this part of the  
bank seems entirely given over to the   
codfish1 since it is too broken1 sharp1 
and rocky to please the haddock4 ,depths
 here are from #cj to #dj fathoms1      
deepening away from the ,north ,shoal4  
,this area is essentially a spawning    
ground for the cod1 which appear to come
 on the hank from the ,,se41 as they    
almost invariably1 after reaching the   
ground1 move slowly to the ,n4 and ,w4  
as spring approaches4 ,this is in the   
direction of the shoals4 ,as soon as the
 spawning season is over the schools of 
cod break up1 but more or less fish are 
caught on different parts of the ground 
at all times of the year1 though rarely 
are they found so plentiful as when the 

winter school is on the ground4 ,cod are
 found along the ,northern ,edge        
virtually the year around1 though many  
of the winter school move on to the     
inner waters of the gulf and others go  
over to ,browns ,bank1 where the early  
comers seem to appear in the first days 
of ,april4  ,in its production ,georges 
,bank itself is rather evenly divided   
between haddock and cod1 the cod showing
 a slightly larger proportion4 ,the     
,south ,channel1 on the western edge of 
,georges1 shows predominantly as a      
haddock ground1 and the haddock from    
,the ,channel is considered a better    
fish than that from ,georges4 ,georges  
,bank itself is also an important       
haddock ground in the spring and early  
summer1 when this species abounds about 
the ,cultivator ,shoal 7,,se4 by ,s4 #hh
 miles from ,highland ,light4 ,cape     
,cod7 in depths from #ah to #cj fathoms2
 and at the same season along the       
,northern ,edge 7#adj to #bjj miles ,e4 
by ,s4  ,s4 from ,boston ,lightship in  

about #da to #db ,n4 lat4 and #ff to #hh
 ,w4 long47 in #de to #hj fathoms in    
summer1 the fish moving off into the    
deeper water 7#ij to #ajj fathoms7 in   
the neighborhood of the ,corner of the  
,channel as the winter comes on4 ,many  
are found in ,march1 when they return   
from the deep water1 when fishing is    
carried on #fe miles ,,se4 from         
,highland in #gj fathoms2 then they come
 into the #dj-;fathom depths from the   
,north ,shoal westward to the ,corner of
 ,the ,channel along the ,northern      
,edge4 ,in ,april the ,cultivator ,cove 
is good ground even into #bj-;fathom    
depths4  ,the ,southwest ,part4 7#abj   
miles ,,sse4 from ,highland ,light1     
,cape ,cod1 with #de to #hj fathom      
depths7 is a good ground for haddock    
from the beginning of the fall up to    
about ,christmas1 after which the best  
winter fishing for this species is found
 on the ,southeast ,part 7reached by    
steaming #ade miles ,,ese4 from ,boston 
,lightship in order to clear the shoals1

 then ,,sse4 #dj to #ej miles1 depending
 upon what part of the ground it is     
desired to fish74 ,january is perhaps   
the best fishing month upon this portion
 of ,georges4  ,while not considered a  
halibut ground1 as compared with some of
 the other offshore banks1 ,georges can 
show a very considerable catch of this  
species4 ,because of its nearness to the
 markets it is more intensely fished    
than any other ground of equal area and 
by a far greater variety of crafts1 most
 of which take a greater or less amount 
of halibut4 ,the otter-trawl fleet1 both
 here and in ,the ,channel1 takes a     
large amount of this species when its   
total catch is considered2 and these    
fish are mainly small1 of from #d to #aj
 pounds in weight1 with only rarely a   
larger one4 ,the salt fishers1 also1 and
 the rest of the market fleet combine to
 make an imposing total of the poundage 
of halibut from ,georges and its        
vicinity4 ,the ,georges halibut is      
esteemed by the trade above the halibut 

from other grounds4 ,perhaps its flesh  
may be superior1 though for what reason 
it is difficult to say1 unless because1 
since the trips to this ground average  
fewer days in length1 the fish are      
received in the markets in a fresher    
condition than are those from more      
distant banks4  ,the principal halibut  
grounds on ,georges for the spring and  
summer months 7,april to ,july7 lie     
between the ,cultivator ,shoal and the  
,north ,shoal in depths from #aj to #ah 
fathoms1 and ,e41 ,s41 and ,,sw4 from   
the ,north ,shoal in the same soundings4
 ,this area is sometimes called ,little 
,georges4 ,there are also a number of   
mussel grounds on the southwest part of 
,georges1 having depths averaging #bj   
fathoms1 all of which furnish good      
feeding grounds and a substantial catch 
of halibut in the seasons when these    
fish are in the shoal water4  ,during   
,july and ,august the halibut are found 
along the ,northern ,edge1 over a       
stretch of ground about #fe miles long  

in #fj to #ajj fathoms2 and from this   
time until the hard weather of the      
winter begins the fishing goes on about 
the ,northeast ,peak 7about #db #jj' ,n4
 and #ff #jj' ,w47 over the narrow area 
on the edge of the suddenly deepening   
water1 beginning in from #fj to #gj     
fathoms1 then out to #bjj and even #cjj 
fathoms4 ,the winter fishing on ,georges
 is very difficult and somewhat         
hazardous1 so that the halibut fishery  
in these waters is rarely carried on or1
 at best1 by very few vessels after     
,november or before ,march4  ,mackerel  
are usually quite abundant on ,georges  
in their season1 generally being large  
or medium fish4 ,herring also are found 
there in good number but are somewhat   
distant from market as fresh fish4      
,table #d--;,fishing grounds of the     
,georges ,area1 showing the principal   
species taken upon them4   ,by far the  
largest percentage of the swordfish     
catch landed in the ports of ,boston1   
,gloucester1 and ,portland comes from   

,georges ,bank4 ,a considerable portion 
of the fish listed from this ground     
under the heading ,miscellaneous is made
 up of this species4  ,the swordfish    
arrive on ,georges on the ,southwest    
,part and on the ,southern ,edge about  
,june #e1 and the traveling schools pass
 over the bank1 northward bound1 up to  
,august #aj4 ,in fact1 all through the  
season when they are present in northern
 waters1 even up to ,november1 they may 
be found on ,georges4 ,probably the best
 area of the bank for this species is on
 the parallel of #da ,n41 where the     
shoal rises steeply out of blue water4  
,footnote #ad3 ,capt4 ,john ,smith wrote
 of this region3 ,toward the ,south and 
,southwest of this ,cape 7,cape ,cod7 is
 found a long and dangerous shoal of    
sands and rocks4 ,but so far as ,i      
incircled it1 ,i found thirtie fadom    
water aboard the shore1 and a strong    
current2 which makes mee thinke there is
 a ,channell about the shoales2 where is
 the best and greatest fish to be had1  

,winter and ,summer in all that         
,countree4 ,but the ,savages say there  
is no ,channell2 but that the shoales   
begin from the main at ,pawmet1 to the  
,ile of ,nausit2 and so extends beyond  
their knowledge into the sea4 ,that the 
captain's reputation for far-visioned   
wisdom may not be held too lightly1 let 
these figures speak1 taken as they are  
from the bureau's records of the        
landings at the three ports of ,boston1 
,gloucester4 and ,portland for the year 
#aibg1 when the fares from his ,channell
 numbered #b1jcf1 with a poundage of    
#aba1fhh1fic and a value of #c1fjg1ceh4 
,footnote #ae4 ,the earliest record of  
this name 7,saint ,georges ,shoal7 that 
the writer has found appears upon a map 
discovered in the library of ,simancas1 
in ,spain1 where a chart said to have   
been made by a surveyor sent out to     
,virginia by ,james ,i of ,england1 in  
#afaj1 was found in #ahhe or #ahhh1     
after having long before disappeared    
from ,england4 ,this chart is thought to

 embody1 besides the work of ,champlain 
and other foreigners1 the information   
contained in the ,english charts of     
,white1 ,gosnold1 ,pring1 and probably  
of ,waymouth's ,perfect ,geographical   
,map4 ,it is thought to have been drawn 
by ,robert ,tyndall or ,captain ,powell4
 ,genesis of the ,united ,states4       
,alexander ,brown4     ,,offshore       
,,banks  ,browns ,bank4 ,this bank lies 
in a northeastern direction from        
,georges and is separated from it by a  
gully #ae miles wide1 in which the      
depths range from #ajj to #dej fathoms4 
,its area is about #b1bge square miles4 
,the greatest length1 from ,,se to ,,nw1
 is #fc miles and the greatest width is 
#dc miles4 ,it is situated between #fd  
#eb and #fh #bi west longitude1 and #da 
#ej and #dc #jb north latitude4 ,there  
is a small rocky shoal on the northern  
part1 on which1 it is said1 there is not
 #i to #ae fathoms4 ,the bank slopes    
away from the shoal1 ,s4 and ,e4 to     
depths of #ee to #ge fathoms1 but at a  

distance of #ab or #ae miles off1 it    
again rises to #cj to #ej fathoms4 ,this
 area of shoal water1 within the #ej    
fathom limit1 is #ej miles long and has 
an average width of #ae miles4 ,north of
 the shoal the water deepens suddenly to
 #gj and #hj fathoms4 ,the bottom is    
largely coarse sand1 gravel1 pebbles1   
and rocks and is rich in animal life4   
,the area of the bank is approximately  
#a1cgj square geographical miles4       
,tides here are quite as strong as on   
the eastern side of ,georges ,bank1 the 
ebb having an average strength of #a    
#a_/c miles an hour and the flood is    
somewhat stronger4 ,the greatest        
strength of the flood tide sets ,w4 the 
ebb in nearly an opposite direction4    
,haddock1 cod1 cusk1 halibut1 pollock   
and hake are the principal food fishes  
procured from this bank1 ranking in     
volume in the order named4 ,in value1   
however1 halibut takes third place in   
the list4 ,cod are plentiful here in    
winter1 though fewer vessels fish here  

than on ,georges ,bank1 at that season4 
,at other seasons the codfishery on     
,browns ,bank compares favorably with   
that of other banks in the vicinity4    
,cod are present the year around1 in    
,may and ,june feeding in depths of     
about #dj fathoms1 going into #hj       
fathoms in ,august1 and into depths of  
about #ajj fathoms in cold weather4     
,haddock1 also1 are present all the     
year1 the period of greatest abundance  
being usually ,january and ,february4   
,in ,march and ,april they are most     
abundant in #bg to #cj fathoms2 at other
 seasons they are in #ej fathoms and    
deeper1 especially in winter1 when      
generally they can be found in #hj to   
#ajj fathoms4 ,cusk are present in the  
deep water all the year4  ,older reports
 say 7#ahhj-ha73 ,halibut were formerly 
found here in abundance1 but at present 
the fishery is limited to an occasional 
trip off the southern and western edge4 
,it will be noted that a fair amount of 
halibut was taken here during #aibc1    

when this bank ranked third in volume of
 halibut taken1 which seems a good      
showing when the comparatively small    
size of the ground is considered4       
,fairly good catches have been made ,,sw
 from the ,northwest ,peak of ,browns1  
about #ff #ej' west longitude and #db   
#dj' north latitude1 along the          
#ajj-;fathom curve and following        
eastward to the southward of ,la ,have  
and beyond1 perhaps to #fc west         
longitude4 ,the ,southeast ,peak is     
perhaps the most productive of the      
halibut grounds here1 setting off from  
the shoaler parts into the narrow       
deep-water channel between this and     
,georges perhaps #bj miles distant4  ,a 
considerable part of the fish listed    
under the heading ,miscellaneous  are   
swordfish1 which come upon this bank    
during their summer wanderings4  ,it    
will be noted that the number of        
otter-trawl fares from this ground is   
small4 ,it is only in recent years that 
this method of fishing has been employed

 here1 the bottom having been thought to
 be too rough for the successful        
operation of gear of this type upon it4 
,seal ,island ,ground4 ,this is called  
also on the charts in its northwest     
part1 the ,german ,bank and lies off the
 western part of ,nova ,scotia4 ,very   
few charts show it1 as it is somewhat   
difficult to define its exact limits4   
,it is a direct continuation of the     
shore soundings1 which slope gradually  
from the land to the ,s4 and ,w4 and    
continue in a northerly direction beyond
 what might be considered the bounds of 
the grounds4 ,to the ,s4 it extends     
nearly to ,browns ,bank1 from which it  
is separated by a narrow gully #gj to   
#hj fathoms deep4 ,to the ,n4 it reaches
 #ch miles beyond ,seal ,island and to  
the ,,nw4 about #ce miles from the same 
island4 ,the southern limit of the      
ground is in #dc and the northern #dc   
#de' north latitude1 while the western  
boundary may be placed at #ff #dj' west 
longitude4 ,the entire ground outside   

the #c mile limit covers an area of     
#a1bej miles4  ,there is a small shoal  
called ,pollock ,rip1 with a depth of #g
 fathoms1 bearing ,,sw from ,seal       
,island1 distant #i miles2 but otherwise
 the ground slopes quite gradually1 the 
depths being from #ae to #gj fathoms4   
,the bottom is mainly coarse gravel and 
pebbles with occasional rocky spots of  
greater or less extent4 ,the tides sweep
 over this ground with considerable     
force out from and in toward the ,bay of
 ,fundy4 the flood running strongest4   
,in general1 the species of fish found  
here and the seasons of their greatest  
abundance are much as on ,browns ,bank4 
,the principal fishes taken are haddock1
 cod1 cusk1 halibut1 and hake1 and a    
very small amount of pollock4 ,except   
for the haddocking1 the best fishing    
season is from ,march to ,october4      
,halibut are said to have been very     
plenty here in the past but are said to 
have been comparatively rare in recent  
years1 although occasional good fares   

are brought from these grounds1 perhaps 
more commonly in the spring and early   
summer and a few at other seasons4 ,in  
,april they are found most commonly in  
#hj fathom depths2 in ,may in #cj to #dj
 fathoms1 in ,june the best halibuting  
is had in #be-;fathom depths or even in 
shoaler water4 7,the halibut catch shown
 for the year chosen 7#aibg7 is         
unusually small1 most years yielding a  
fair amount of this species from this   
ground4 ,apparently no member of the    
,american halibut fleet visited this    
ground for the year47  ,cod are present 
here the year around1 perhaps the best  
fishing taking place in ,may and ,june1 
when the fish are found in about #dj    
fathoms ,they go into deeper water1     
about #fj fathoms1 in ,august and into  
#ajj fathoms as the cold weather        
advances4 ,this ,seal ,island ground may
 be considered essentially as a feeding 
ground for the cod1 which seem to appear
 here after the spawning season is over1
 to fatten upon the crabs and mollusks  

living on the bottom and on the herring 
and other small fish that swim back and 
forth ,in the tide rips4  ,haddock are  
also present all the year1 the schools  
being most abundant and the number      
greatest in ,january and ,february1 when
 the fish are in about #ej to #fj       
fathoms4 ,apparently they come into     
depths of from #bg to #cj fathoms in    
,march and ,april for spawning4  ,cusk  
are present here during most of the year
 in #hj fathoms on the hard bottom4     
,pollock are few on this ground at any  
time of the year4 ,this species1        
together with herring and mackerel1 are 
abundant on the shore soundings of ,seal
 ,island ,ground1 whence1 following the 
abundant food furnished by the smaller  
fish1 they range a short distance in to 
the ,bay of ,fundy4 ,many mackerel are  
taken in the traps in the vicinity of   
,yarmouth1 ,nova ,scotia1 which seems to
 mark the limit of their penetration in 
any considerable schools on the western 
shore of ,nova ,scotia4  ,what is       

apparently a gradually deepening        
extension of ,seal ,island ,ground is   
found about #fe miles ,,sse4 from ,mount
 ,desert ,rock and #fj miles ,w4 from   
,seal ,island4 ,there seems to be no    
distinguishing name for this area4  ,the
 depths here are from #gj to #ajj       
fathoms over a broken bottom of mud1    
gravel1 and in places fine sand4 ,the   
ground falls off rapidly on all sides   
except toward ,seal ,island and the     
,nova ,scotia coast1 leaving an area at 
its end of somewhat indeterminate       
length1 perhaps #ah or #bj1 miles1 and  
having a distance across of about #h    
miles at its widest part4  ,apparently  
there is no reason why this should not  
be an all-the-year fishing ground1 but  
it seems not to be visited much in the  
winter4 ,it furnishes1 however1 a very  
good summer handline fishery for cod at 
dogfish time1 and in the spring months  
it abounds in cod1 cusk1 and hake1 all  
fish of large size4  ,roseway ,bank4    
,this bank lies ,n4 of the western part 

of ,la ,have and ,,se4 of ,shelbourne   
,light1 ,nova ,scotia3 #ca miles ,,sse4 
from the whistling buoy off ,lockport1  
,nova ,scotia1 to the southeastern edge4
 ,it is oblong in shape and of small    
extent--about #bgj square geographical  
miles4 ,its greatest length is #ba miles
 and its greatest breadth #ae miles4 ,it
 extends from #dc #ab' to #dc #cc' north
 latitude1 and from #fd #be' to #fd #eb'
 west longitude and at the northwest    
corner is connected with the shore limit
 of #fj fathoms by a narrow neck4       
,depths are from #cc to #dh fathoms4    
,the bottom is of sand1 gravel1 and     
rocks2 on the ,northeast ,peak the      
bottom is of yellow mud and gravel4     
,currents in this region are not nearly 
so strong as about ,cape ,sable and     
,browns ,bank1 their general direction  
being ,,wsw4 and ,,ene the westerly much
 the stronger1 though the force and     
direction of both are much influenced by
 the winds4  ,the principal fish taken  
here are cod1 haddock1 and cusk1 but    

hake1 pollock and halibut occur1 the    
best fishing months being from ,may to  
,october1 when the bank is resorted to  
by craft from western ,nova ,scotia4 ,a 
few ,new ,england craft also fish here4 
,la ,have ,bank4 ,situated eastward of  
,browns ,bank and ,s4 and ,e4 of        
,roseway ,bank4 ,it extends from #db    
#cd' to #dc #bf' north latitude a       
distance of #eb miles1 and from #fc #ej'
 to #fe #jg' west longitude a distance  
of about #ed miles4 ,the bank is nearly 
divided into two portions1 of which the 
eastern 7,la ,have ,bank proper7 extends
 ,n and ,s4 #ci miles and the western   
portion nearly ,e4 and ,w4 about #ce    
miles4 ,the total area of the bank is   
about #a1bjj miles4  ,the bottom is     
largely coarse gravel1 pebbles1 and     
rock1 with smaller areas of sand        
distributed here and there4 ,depths run 
from #dj to #ej fathoms4 ,the general   
set of the currents is to the westward1 
but this is much influenced by the force
 and direction of the wind and is       

generally quite strong during easterly  
blows4  ,the principal fishing upon this
 bank in the past has been for cod and  
haddock3 and while former reports1      
7#ahha7 speak of this as having once    
been a favorite fishing ground for      
halibut and state that it was not at    
time of much importance in that fishery1
 the figures for this ground for the    
year #aibc show the halibut catch to    
have been third in volume and first in  
value of the species taken there4 ,in   
fact1 the catch of halibut here makes   
quite an imposing figure when the       
comparatively small size of the ground  
is considered4  ,little ,la ,have and   
the ,la ,have ,ridges are simply        
continuations of this back toward the   
,western ,bank for a distance of about  
#de miles4 ,this places the eastern     
limit in about #fb #ej' west longitude1 
the northern and southern boundaries    
being about as those of ,la ,have ,bank4
 ,the area of the ridges is about #a1ege
 miles4 ,the bottom here is a succession

 of ridges of pebbles and gravel with   
occasional patches of rocks4 ,depths are
 from #ec to #hj fathoms4 ,the current1 
occasionally strong1 is weaker here than
 farther ,w4 on the bank and1 except    
during easterly winds1 is but little    
noticed4 ,the general set is westerly4  
,the ,ridges says the report before     
mentioned1 were for a number of years   
one of the favorite resorts for halibut 
catchers in winter1 and many good       
catches of cod were taken here at that  
season4 ,at present but few halibut are 
caught except in the deep water along   
the southern edge of the ground1 where  
they sometimes have been found quite    
plentiful during nearly the entire year4
 ,apparently there has not been much    
change in these conditions since the    
writer's time2 fish seem to be present  
here ,in about the same quantities as in
 former years4  ,one piece of bottom1   
having depths of #be to #ej fathoms over
 red clay1 lying approximately in #dc   
#jh' to #dc #aj' north latitude and     

about #ha to #hc west longitude1 seems a
 good spring and early summer ground4   
,apparently red-clay bottom indicates a 
good halibut ground1 as this species is 
usually present where such a bottom is  
found4  ,hake are found in good numbers 
in the deep water about the edges of the
 ground and even on the ,ridges4  ,these
 waters are quite heavily fished from   
,canadian ports1 and a fair number of   
,american vessels visit them each year1 
most of them hailing from ,boston or    
,gloucester4  ,scandinavian ,bank4      
,eighteen miles ,,ssw4 from ,shelbourne 
,light4 ,nova ,scotia4 ,it is about #c  
miles long in an ,e4 and ,w4 direction  
by about  mile wide4 ,in general1 the   
bottom is level1 with depths from #ej to
 #gj fathoms2 the shoal parts are sharp 
and rocky1 the bottom over the deeper   
portions being composed mostly of small 
black and yellow pebbles4  ,this is a   
summer halibut ground 7,july and        
,august7 in depths from #de to #fj      
fathoms1 and halibut occur in ,october  

in the deeper waters about it4 ,it is   
also a fair summer cod ground1 and cusk 
are present in the deep water about the 
edges during most of the year4 ,in      
general1 species and seasons are much as
 on ,roseway4  ,western ,bank4 ,this is 
one of the most important fishing       
grounds of the western ,atlantic1       
whether as regards size or the abundance
 of its product4 ,it lies ,s4 of ,cape  
,breton ,island and the eastern part of 
,nova ,scotia between the parallels of  
#db #ee' and #dd #df' north latitude and
 the meridians of #eijd' and #fb #ce'   
west longitude4 ,it has a length of #aef
 miles and a width1 including the       
,middle ,ground1 of #gf miles4 ,it is   
about #dbj miles ,e4  ,s4 from ,boston  
to the southwestern edge1 which means   
about #dh hours' steaming for the       
otter-trawl fleet4  ,the general contour
 of the bank within the #fe-;fathom     
line1 as laid down on the ,admiralty    
chart1 approaches somewhat a very       
elongated ellipse1 the longer axis      

running ,,ne4 by ,e4 and ,,sw4 by ,w42  
but over a broad area to eastward of the
 center of the bank1 soundings of less  
than #ej fathoms connect it directly    
with the ,middle ,ground1 which we have 
here included in the some bank4 ,the    
total extent of the bank thus defined is
 about #g1jjj square geographical miles4
 ,off its eastern end lies ,banquereau  
7the ,quereau of the fishermen7 with    
,the ,gully between1 and a short        
distance of the western edge are the ,la
 ,have ,ridges4  ,the depths off the    
southern edge of the bank increase      
rapidly from #hj to #gjj1 #a1bjj1 and   
even #a1djj fathoms4 ,at the eastern end
 is ,sable ,island1 #af graveyard of    
ships1 a long1 narrow1 crescent-shaped  
elevation seemingly lessening in area   
each year1 formed entirely of sand that 
has been blown ,into innumerable        
hummocks and dunes4 ,off both ends of   
the island are long and dangerous sand  
bars4 ,the length of the island is #bj  
miles2 its greatest width is about #a   

miles4 ,it is said that the ,northwest  
,light has been moved three times due to
 the fact that the western end of the   
island has been literally blown away4   
,it lies in an ,e4 and ,w4 direction1   
and the depth of water over the bars for
 a distance of #g to #aj miles out does 
not exceed #b fathoms1 and even #aj     
miles farther out the depths do not     
exceed #aj to #aa fathoms4 ,within      
recent years fishermen have reported the
 appearance of a sand shoal about #e or 
#f miles ,,se4 from the ,northeast      
,light4 ,this is said to appear at low  
water4  ,in general1 the bank slopes ,s4
 and ,w4 from the island1 depths ranging
 from #ah to #fj fathoms4 ,the bottom is
 mostly sandy with patches of gravel and
 pebbles4 ,currents are sometimes very  
strong about ,sable ,island and are     
somewhat irregular2 apparently they are 
much influenced by the winds4 ,on the   
other parts of the bank usually there is
 but little current1 whatever there is  
usually tending toward the west4        

,formerly the cod and halibut were the  
food fishes most taken here1 but with   
the changed methods in the fishery 7as  
the growth of the otter-trawl fleet7 and
 a changed taste in our public the      
haddock catch has become the second most
 important in the receipts of fish from 
these waters4 ,the halibut fishery      
stands third in the list4 ,other bottom 
feeders occur in less numbers1 the      
pollock and the cusk perhaps being next 
in order of importance1 with hake and a 
considerable amount of the various      
flatfishes in the otter trawls4 ,these  
latter are marketed as sole4  ,noting   
the small amount of haddock in the fares
 taken from these waters in former      
years1 the writer asked a number of     
old-time fishermen as to its abundance  
in the old days4 ,the reply was usually 
,oh1 yes1 there were always haddock     
there2 sometimes they bothered us a lot4
 ,then1 noting my surprise at so putting
 it1 ,you know1 the haddock isn't much  
as a salt fish4  ,it will be noted that 

in #aibc the haddock catch here was a   
very good second to the cod catch in    
poundage1 though not so valuable        
proportionately4 ,in the otter-trawl    
catch from this ground it will be noted 
that the positions of the two species   
are reversed4 ,as a rule1 these steamers
 certainly take more than #b pounds of  
haddock to #a of cod on other offshore  
grounds--perhaps the result of operating
 in the shoaler waters and on the       
smoother bottom because of the          
difficulty of dragging over the rocky   
and kelp-covered ground1 which the cod  
seems to prefer4 ,but the bottom on the 
,western ,bank is of such nature as to  
offer little obstruction to the passage 
of the net1 so that virtually all parts 
of it may be fished by this method2 and 
this1 added to the known movements of   
the cod schools makes it possible at    
certain seasons of the year to catch a  
larger proportion of this species if it 
is so desired4  ,haddock are found about
 the bars at both ends of the island in 

,march and from that time to about ,june
 #a in from #ae to #bb fathoms4 ,they   
are also abundant #ah miles ,w4 from the
 ,northwest ,light at the same seasons  
and at the same depths4 ,during ,april1 
,may1 and ,june they come in close to   
the island in from #aj to #ag           
fathoms--even to #a fathom4 ,through the
 rest of the year 7except for the colder
 months1 when they have moved off into  
deeper water7 they may be found all over
 the bank on sandy bottom in #bh to #cj 
fathoms1 where most of the beam trawl   
fishing is carried on4  ,there is a good
 cod school each year on the            
comparatively level bottom along the    
western and southwestern edges of the   
ground in #gj fathoms and more from     
,february #a to ,may #a1 and in most    
years a certain amount of this species  
is taken on this area4 ,in ,may this    
school seems to have moved on to a piece
 of bottom about #bj miles long lying   
,,sw4 from the ,northwest ,light and    
having depths averaging #bg fathoms4    

,with fair fishing for cod on the       
,western ,bank during most of the year1 
they seem to be most abundant from the  
first of ,march to ,june4 ,the winter   
school here appears to be smaller than  
that on ,georges1 but apparently this   
species visits this ground in           
considerable numbers during the spawning
 season4 ,in winter the cod are mainly  
found upon the western part of the bank1
 moving into the shoaler waters toward  
,sable ,island as the spring advances   
7during ,march and ,april71 the ,bend of
 the island and the neighborhood of the 
bars in #b to #d fathoms1 where they can
 be seen taking the hook or can be      
jigged4 being favorite grounds4 ,the    
ground lying ,w4 from the ,northwest    
,light1 on and about the ,northwest ,bar
 7#ah miles ,w1 from the light71 is a   
favorite cod ground in ,may and ,june4  
,the shoal water over the rocky bottom  
,,wnw from the ,northwest ,light        
furnishes good cod fishing from ,june   
#aj to ,july #a4 ,this piece begins just

 outside the #c-mile stretch of breakers
 running out from the land and extends  
offshore in a generally westerly        
direction to #bd fathoms4 ,much         
hand-lining is done here4  ,in the shoal
 water1 in ,april and ,may1 the fish    
seem to be feeding on the lant1         
7,ammodytes americanus74 ,it is said    
that the fish taken on the bottom close 
to the island are smaller than those    
found farther west4 ,the shoal water of 
the northern shore of the island is said
 to have good cod grounds and favorite  
spots for dory hand-lining4 ,the cod    
schools seem to arrive on the ,northern 
,peak 7,,se4 from the ,northeast ,light 
#dj miles to ,,se  ,s4 from same point  
#bh miles7 in late ,march and the first 
of ,april1 moving ,n4 and ,w4 to the    
island4 ,the cod of ,sable ,island are  
said to be fine1 firm fish1 perhaps due 
to the abundance of the red clams 7bank 
clams7 on these grounds4  ,the cod and  
haddock fishery is carried on by        
,american and ,canadian sailing vessels 

and otter trawlers1 an increasing number
 of ,english and ,french vessels of the 
latter class engaging in the fishery of 
this ground each year4  ,halibut are    
found on the ,western ,bank virtually   
all the year at depths varying with the 
seasons4 ,as a halibut bank1 this1 with 
,the ,gully and ,quereau--in fact1 all  
one piece of ground--ranks second only  
to the ,grand ,bank ,itself4 ,the best  
fishing here for halibut is found from  
,january to ,october4 ,there are        
numerous places on and about the bank   
that the halibut seems to prefer1 as the
 ,peak of ,pike1 #he miles ,w4 by ,s4   
from the ,northwest ,light of ,sable    
,island2 ,s4 and ,,sw4 of ,sable ,island
 from #ab to #ch miles2 ,,sw4 #bj miles 
in #fj fathoms in ,may2 thence out into 
#ajj and #aej fathoms in ,june2 in fact1
 following the #ajj--;fathom curve along
 the edge of this bank1 past the        
,northeast ,peak 7#dj miles ,,se4 from  
the ,northeast ,light71 into the ,gully 
and around the ,southern ,prong of      

,quereau to the ,middle ,prong4         
,apparently they leave this piece of    
bottom in ,july4 ,often the fish are    
close to the island in the spring1 where
 the water is so shoal that they can be 
seen taking the bait or playing with the
 hook before taking4 ,in ,april1 ,may1  
and ,june a good halibut ground is in   
#ah fathoms #bd miles ,,wnw4 from ,sable
 ,island4  ,the ,western ,bank seems to 
be a good feeding ground for both cod   
and halibut as it abounds in shellfish  
and crustaceans1 and at certain periods 
there are many smaller species of fish  
upon it1 such as the lant and herring1  
on which these species and the haddock1 
also1 especially prey4 ,a considerable  
amount of swordfish is taken here in    
,august and ,september1 mainly by       
,american vessels4  ,banquereau4        
,separated from the ,western ,bank by   
,the ,gully1 this has a very irregular  
form--the main bank roughly rectangular1
 with a narrow westerly extension of    
comparatively regular form4 ,its length1

 ,e4 and ,w41 is about #abj miles1 its  
greatest width about #dg miles1 and its 
total area about #b1hjj miles4  ,the    
main portion of the bank lies between   
#dd #jd' and #de #ja' north latitude and
 #fg #aj' and #ei #jj' west longitude1  
and the western prolongation lies       
between #dd #bd' and #dd #db' north     
latitude and #fi #jj' and #hj #je' west 
longitude4 ,north of ,banquereau lies   
,artimon1 distant #c miles1 and         
,misaine1 distant from #b to #ae miles  
according to the places from which      
measurements are taken4 ,the currents   
here are of varying force1 much         
influenced by the wind1 so that several 
days of strong tides may be followed by 
intervals when there is little if any   
current4  ,on the eastern part of       
,quereau is an area of shoal ground     
called the ,rocky ,bottom1 having a     
depth of about #ah fathoms2 elsewhere   
depths run from #ah to #ej fathoms4 ,for
 the most part the bottom is rocky1 but 
there are scattered patches of sand and 

gravel4  ,cod and halibut are the       
principal food fishes taken1 hake1      
haddock1 and cusk being taken in small  
numbers4 ,the ,rocky ,bottom1 a shoal   
ground of #bj to #be fathom depths on   
the eastern part1 was much resorted to  
by dory handliners in summer4 ,the cod  
are most plentiful on the eastern part  
of the bank1 though occasional good     
fares are taken toward the west4 ,the   
best cod fishing on this bank is from   
,may until ,september1 when the schools 
gather to feed upon the lant1 squid1    
crustaceans1 and shellfish1 then very   
abundant4  ,halibut are found here all  
the year off the edges in #ajj to #djj  
fathoms4 ,apparently these are feeding  
and breeding grounds for this species1  
and it is not unusual for a school to   
remain for weeks and even months in one 
locality1 though some of these may be   
fish in migration northward4  ,the      
principal halibut grounds are along the 
southern and eastern borders of the     
bank--the ,southwest ,prong and the     

,southwest ,cove 7in about #dd ,n4 lat4 
and between #eh #cj' and #eh #ee' ,w4   
long71 the ,middle ,prong 7#dd #ad' ,n4 
lat4 and #eh ,w4 long471 and the        
,eastern ,slope 7#dd #bh' to #de #jj'   
,n4 lat47--in depths of #aej to #djj    
fathoms4 ,these deep-water areas are    
rocky and support a very rich growth of 
gorgonians1 corals1 sea anemones1 etc4  
,the ,eastern ,slope has an abundance of
 bank clams in depths of #be fathoms4   
,these beds are good hand-line grounds  
for cod4 ,the halibut1 too1 feeds to a  
considerable extent upon these red      
clams4  ,the ,stone ,fence off the      
eastern slope of ,quereau is a very     
rocky piece of ground full of trees     
7corals7 in #bej fathoms4 ,this is a    
good halibut ground although it is      
almost impossible to haul the gear by   
hand and the use of the gurdy 7a roller 
turned by a crank and fastened to the   
dory's bow for winding up the trawl7    
becomes necessary4 ,occasional fares of 
halibut are taken on and about the      

,rocky ,bottom in #bj to #be fathoms    
from ,july #a to ,august #a4  ,the      
,gully4 ,this is the deep waterway      
between ,banquereau and ,sable ,island  
or ,western ,bank4 ,it extends in an    
,,wnw4 and an ,,ese4 direction north of 
,sable ,island1 turning somewhat        
abruptly ,s4 at its eastern end and     
continuing down between the eastern end 
of ,western ,bank and the ,southwest    
,prong of ,banquereau4 ,the entire      
length is about #hj miles1 the greatest 
width about #bj miles4 ,depths range    
from #fh to #ade fathoms over a bottom  
of rocks1 gravel1 sand1 and mud4 ,the   
rocky and gravelly portions form several
 ridges separated by areas of finer     
materials1 except in the eastern        
section1 where the intervals between are
 mostly covered by pebbles and sharp    
rocks4 ,ocean currents are generally    
westerly1 of varying strength1 much     
affected by the easterly winds4  ,the   
,gully is a very important halibut      
ground4 ,the halibut are not found in   

great numbers all over the ground1      
perhaps the best of the fishing being on
 the rocky and gravelly ridges and      
slopes included between the meridians of
 #fi and #hj west longitude4 ,this rocky
 bottom is rich in food1 and the lant   
and herring are usually plentiful here  
in their season4 ,in the spring the     
halibut seem to be especially numerous  
in the northern and northwestern parts  
of the bank1 later1 in ,june and ,july1 
moving farther out4 ,some1 are found    
here in winter4 ,while the cod is       
sometimes found in ,the ,gully in #fj to
 #ij fathoms1 it does not seem to be of 
regular occurrence2 and apparently there
 are almost no haddock here1 probably   
because of the depth of the water and   
the nature of the bottom4  ,artimon     
,bank4 ,has an area of some #abj square 
miles with a bottom of gravel and rocks 
and depths of #ch to #ej fathoms4 ,it is
 but little known because of the        
tendency of the fishermen to use the    
larger grounds close at hand4 ,cod are  

known to be present here1 however4 ,the 
bank lies ,n4 of the eastern part of    
,quereau1 separated from it by a narrow1
 deep-water channel4  ,misaine ,bank4   
,lies ,n4 of the western two-thirds of  
,quereau1 at one place very near1 but in
 general the banks are separated by some
 #bj miles of deep water4 ,its greatest 
length is #hj miles and its greatest    
width #dj miles4 ,depths are from #dj to
 #fj fathoms over a bottom broken and   
rocky4 ,it is not of much importance as 
a fishing ground1 although a few halibut
 trips are landed from it in most years4
  ,canso ,bank4 ,a long1 narrow         
extension of ,misaine ,bank1 lying in an
 ,e1 and ,w4 direction2 its length is   
#de miles and its greatest width #ac    
miles1 its area being about #dbe square 
miles4 ,depths range from #cj to #fe    
fathoms over a bottom of sand1 with     
spots of gravel and pebbles4 ,it is not 
of much importance as a fishing ground1 
especially as judged by the use of it by
 the ,american fleet1 though more fished

 by vessels from ,nova ,scotia2 perhaps 
it is overshadowed by the presence of   
its larger neighbors1 ,western and      
,quereau ,banks1 with which grounds it  
forms virtually one piece of bottom1    
only narrow1 deep-water channels        
separating them4 ,these larger grounds  
are heavily fished both by ,american    
vessels and by those from ,nova ,scotia 
ports as well as by ,french and ,english
 otter trawlers4  ,the statistics given 
here and elsewhere in this report are   
taken from the published bulletins of   
the ,united ,states ,bureau of          
,fisheries1 and include only the        
landings of vessels of #e tons net1 or  
over1 at the ports of ,boston and       
,glouscester1 ,mass41 and ,portland1    
,me4   ,table #e--;,fishing grounds of  
the offshore ,north ,atlantic1 showing  
the principal species taken upon them   
,footnote #af3 ,pedro ,reinel1 a        
,portuguese pilot of much fame          
7,herrera7 made a map in #aeje showing  
,sable ,island1 feared and dreaded by   

all fishermen even in those days1 where 
he called it ,santa ,cruz4 ,jacamo      
,gastaldi1 an ,italian cartographer1 in 
#aedh shows it ,isolla de ,arena4 ,sir  
,humphrey ,gilbert or his historian1    
says that the ,portuguese had made an   
interesting settlement here for         
shipwrecked mariners4 ,this1 ,upon      
intelligence we had of a ,portugal who  
was himself present when the ,portugals1
 above thirty years past 7thus before   
#aeea7 did put upon the island neat and 
swine to breed1 which were since        
exceedingly multiplied4     ,,tables    
,,of ,,catch   ,table #f--;,distance    
from ,boston or ,gloucester1 ,mass41 to 
the center of certain of the more       
important offshore banks   ,table       
#g--;,distance from ,portland1 ,me41 to 
the center of certain of the more       
important offshore banks   ,table       
#h--,landings by fishing vessels at     
,boston and ,gloucester1 ,mass41 and    
,portland1 ,me41 from inner or shore    
grounds1 #aibg   ,table #i--,landings by

 fishing vessels at ,boston and         
,gloucester1 ,mass41 and ,portland1     
,me41 from the outer grounds of the     
,gulf of ,maine1 #aibg   ,table         
#aj--,landings by fishing vessels at    
,boston and ,gloucester1 ,mass41 and    
,portland1 ,me41 from the fishing       
grounds of the ,georges ,bank area1     
#aibg   ,table #aa--,landings by the    
otter-trawl fleet at ,boston and        
,gloucester1 ,mass41 and ,portland1     
,me41 from the fishing grounds of the   
,georges ,bank area1 #aibg   ,table     
#ab--,landings by fishing vessels at    
,boston and ,gloucester1 ,mass41 and    
,portland1 ,me41 from the offshore      
grounds adjacent to the ,gulf of ,maine1
 #aibg   ,table #ac--,landings by       
fishing vessels at ,boston and          
,gloucester1 ,mass41 and ,portland1     
,me41 from all grounds1 #aibg   ,table  
#ad--,landings by fishing vessels from  
the various fishing grounds at ,boston  
and ,gloucester1 ,mass41 and ,portland1 
,me41 #aibg   ,table #ae--,landings by  

fishing vessels from all grounds at     
,boston and ,gloucester1 ,mass41 and    
,portland1 ,me41 #aiaf to #aibg         
,,maps   ,map--,coastal ,banks and      
,inshore ,grounds of the ,gulf of       
,maine3 ,bay of ,fundy   ,map--,coastal 
,banks and ,inshore ,grounds of the     
,gulf of ,maine3 ,monhegan to ,petit    
,manan   ,map--,coastal ,banks and      
,inshore ,grounds of the ,gulf of       
,maine3 ,monhegan to ,cape ,cod         
,map--,coastal ,banks and ,inshore      
,grounds of the ,gulf of ,maine3 ,petit 
,manan to ,seal ,island   ,map--,fishing
 ,grounds of the ,gulf of ,maine3 ,the  
,georges ,area     ,,index ,,to         
,,grounds  ,abner ,ground ,acre1 ,the   
,allens ,shoal ,andrews ,shoal ,apron   
,the ,artimon ,bank  ,baker's ,island   
,ridge ,bald ,ridges ,bank ,comfort     
,banks ,ground ,banquereau ,bantam      
,barley ,hill ,ground ,barnum ,head     
,ground ,bay of ,fundy ,beaver ,harbor  
,ben's ,ground ,big ,ridge ,doggetts    
,big ,ridge 7,cashes7 ,black ,island    

,ground ,black ,ledges ,ground ,blue    
,clay ,blue ,ground ,blue ,hill ,ground 
,boar ,head ,ground ,boon ,island ,rock 
,ground ,bounties1 ,the ,boutens1 ,inner
 and ,outer ,brewers ,spot ,broken      
,ground ,broken ,ground ,broken ,ridges 
,browns ,bank ,bulkhead ,rips ,bumbo1   
,outer and ,inner ,burnt ,island ,inner 
,ridge ,burnt ,island ,outer ,ridge     
,bull ,ground  ,campobello ,canso ,cape 
,porpoise ,peaks ,cards ,reef ,cashes   
,bank ,cashes ,ridge1 ,east ,cashes ,,nw
 ,ridge ,cashes ,big ,ridge ,channel    
,clarks ,ground ,clay ,bank ,clay ,ridge
 ,coast ,nova ,scotia ,cod ,ledges ,cod 
,ridge ,cove 7,s4,e4 ,jeffreys7 ,cove   
7,w4 ,jeffreys7 ,cow ,ground ,crab ,bank
 ,crie ,ridges ,cusk ,ridge  ,davis     
,bank ,deckers ,shoal ,doggetts ,ridge  
,drunken ,ledge 7,drunkers7 ,duck       
,island ,ridges ,dump1 ,the  ,eagle     
,island ,ground ,eagle ,ridge ,eastern  
,shoal ,water1 ,cape ,ann ,east ,side   
,cape ,cod ,egg ,rock ,broken ,ground   
,elbow1 ,the ,enochs ,shoal  ,fifty-five

 ,fathom ,fippenies ,fire ,ground       
,fishing ,rip ,flat ,ground ,flat ,ledge
 ,forty-five ,fathom ,franklin ,ground  
,freemans ,ground  ,gannet ,rock        
,garden1 ,the ,georges ,bank ,german    
,bank ,gilkey ,ground ,grand ,manan     
,grand ,manan ,bank ,gravel ,bottom     
,gravelley ,great ,ledge ,great ,rip    
,green ,ground ,green ,island ,ridge    
,grumpy ,gully1 ,the  ,haddock ,nubble  
,hake ,ground ,handspike ,ground ,harris
 ,ground ,harts ,ground ,harvey ,blacks 
,ridge ,hatchell ,ground ,head and      
,horns ,henry ,gallants ,ridge ,henry   
,marshalls ,henrys ,rock ,hill ,ground  
,howard ,nunans ,ridge ,hue and ,cry    
,ingalls ,shoal ,inner ,bank ,inner and 
,outer ,boutens ,inner ,breaker ,inner  
and ,outer ,bumbo ,inner ,fall ,inner   
,grounds ,inner ,horse ,reef ,inner     
,kettle ,inner ,sandy ,cove ,inner      
,schoodic ,ridge ,ipswich ,bay ,isle au 
,haute 7,ca7  ,jeffreys ,bank ,jeffreys 
,ledge ,jerry ,yorks ,ridge ,joe ,ray   
,ground ,john ,dyers ,ridge ,johns ,head

 ,ground ,jones ,ground  ,kettle        
,bottom1 ,outer ,kettle ,bottom1 ,inner 
,klondike  ,laisdells ,ground ,lambo ,la
 ,have ,la ,have ,ridges ,lightons      
,little ,hill ,ground ,little ,georges  
,little ,jeffrey ,little ,la ,have ,long
 ,hill ,ground ,lukes ,rock ,lurcher    
,shoal  ,machias ,seal ,island ,madisons
 ,spot ,marblehead ,bank ,martins       
,ground ,massachusetts ,bay ,matinic    
,bank ,matinic ,ooze ,matinicus ,,ssw   
,maurice ,lubees ,ridge ,mc,intire ,reef
 ,middle ,bank ,middle ,ground ,middle  
,ridge ,middle ,shoal ,minerva ,hub     
,misaine ,bank ,mistaken ,ground        
,monhegan ,inner ,,sse ,monhegan ,outer 
,,sse ,monhegan ,southeast ,monhegan    
,inner ,,ssw ,monhegan ,outer ,,ssw     
,monhegan ,western ,ground ,morris      
,ledge ,mosers ,ledge ,mount ,desert    
,inner ,ridge ,mount ,desert ,outer     
,ridge ,mud ,hake ,grounds ,murray ,hole
 ,murre ,hub ,mussel ,shoal  ,nantucket 
,shoals ,newfound ,ground 7,fundy7      
,newfound ,ground 7,,mdi7 ,new ,ledge   

,new ,meadows ,channel ,nipper ,ground  
,north ,shore of ,nova ,scotia          
,northwest ,ledge  ,old ,egg ,rock ,old 
,jeffrey ,old ,mans ,pasture ,old       
,orchard ,ground ,old ,ripper ,old      
,southeast ,ornes ,ground ,otter ,island
 ,reef ,outer ,bumbo ,outer ,boutens    
,outer ,crab ,ledge ,outer ,ground      
,outer ,horse ,reef ,outer ,kettle      
,outer ,schoodic ,ridge ,outer ,shoal   
,passamaquoddy ,bay ,pasture ,peters    
,bank ,petersons ,ground ,phelps ,bank  
,pigeon ,ground ,platts ,bank ,pollock  
,hub ,pollock ,rip ,potato ,patch       
,prairie  ,quaco ,ledges ,quereau       
,ridge1 ,the ,big ,ridge1 ,east ,cashes 
,ridge1 ,north ,georges ,ridge1         
,northwest ,cashes ,ridge1 ,south       
,fippenies ,ridge1 ,three-dory          
,ripplings ,rock ,cod ,ledge ,rose and  
,crown ,roseway  ,saddleback ,reef      
,sagadahoc ,salmon ,netting ,ground     
,sand ,shoal ,sandy ,cove ,scandinavian 
,bank ,scantum ,seal ,island ,ground    
,seguin ,ground ,seguin ,hub ,seguin    

,ridge ,seguin ,,ssw ,shoal ,ground     
,shell ,ground ,si's ,spot ,skate ,bank 
,snipper ,shin ,soundings ,southeast    
,southeast ,ground ,southeast ,jeffreys 
,southeast ,ledge ,southeast ,rip       
,southeast ,rock ,southern ,head ,reef  
,south ,shoal ,southwest ,ground        
,southwest ,rock ,southwest ,ledges     
,spencer ,island ,steamboat ,ground     
,stellwagen ,bank ,stone ,fence ,summer 
,hake ,ground  ,tag ,ground ,tanta      
,temple ,ledge ,ten ,acre ,three-dory   
,ridge ,tibbett's ,ledge ,tillies ,bank 
,tobins ,bank ,toothaker ,ridge ,tower  
,ground ,towhead ,ground ,tracadie      
,trinidad ,trinity ,shoal  ,wells ,bay  
,western ,bank ,western ,egg ,rock      
,western ,point ,ridge ,western ,reef   
,western ,ridge ,white ,head ,grounds   
,white ,island ,ground ,wildcat ,ridge  
,,wnw ,rips ,wolves ,wolves ,bank ,wood 
,island ,ground ,winker ,ground         
,,geographic ,,list ,,of ,,gulf ,,of    
,,maine ,,fishing ,,grounds  ,,bay ,,of 
,,fundy ,,area ,description of ,fundy   

,area ,north ,shore and ,nova ,scotia   
coast ,lurcher ,shoal ,trinity ,shoal   
,northwest ,ledges ,west-,northwest     
,rips  the ,flat ,ground ,boars ,head   
,ground ,outer ,ground ,head and ,horns 
,sandy ,cove ,grounds ,inner ,sandy     
,cove ,grounds ,spencer ,island ,grounds
 ,isle au ,haute ,ground ,quaco ,ledges 
,salmon ,netting ,ground ,ingalls ,shoal
 ,mussel ,shoal ,ground ,the ,wolves    
,the ,wolves ,bank ,campobello          
,passamaquoddy ,bay ,mud ,hake ,ground  
,beaver ,harbor ,grand ,manan ,clarks   
,bank ,southern ,head ,reef ,gravelly   
,soundings ,bulkhead1 ,ripplings ,cards 
,reef ,gannet ,rock ,southeast ,ground  
,machias ,seal ,island  ,,inner ,,gulf  
,,of ,,maine ,,area ,lukes ,rock        
,newfound ,ground ,henrys ,rock         
,handspike ,ground ,western ,egg ,rock  
,old ,egg ,rock ,middle ,ridge ,broken  
,ground ,tibbetts ,ledge ,bens ,ground  
,southeast ,rock ,broken ,ridges4 ,black
 ,ledges ,ground ,bakers ,island ,ridge 
,martins ,ground2 ,hillards ,reef ,egg  

,rock ,broken ,ground ,inner ,schoodic  
,ridge ,outer ,schoodic ,ridge ,mount   
,desert ,inner ,ridge ,mount ,desert    
,outer ,ridge ,flat ,ground ,enochs     
,shoal ,banks ,ground ,shell ,ground    
,abner ,ground ,grumpy ,hatchell ,ground
 ,blue ,hill ,ground ,hake ,ground      
7,inner and ,outer7 ,horse ,reef        
,southwest ,ground ,barley ,hill ,ground
 ,gilkey ,ground ,rock ,cod ,ledge      
,southeast ,gravel ,bottom ,laisdells   
,ground ,saddleback ,reef ,otter ,island
 ,reef ,old ,ripper ,crie ,ridges ,bald 
,ridges ,henry ,marshalls ,ground ,the  
,bounties ,summer ,hake ,ground ,minerva
 ,hub ,haddock ,nubble ,skate ,bank     
,matinicus ,sou',sou',west ,inner       
,breaker ,towhead ,grounds ,western or  
,green ,island ,ridge  ,pigeon ,ground  
,matinic ,bank ,matinic ,ooze ,freemans 
,ground ,middle ,shoal1 ,allens ,shoal1 
,black ,island ,ground ,franklin ,ground
 ,white ,head ,grounds ,burnt ,island1  
,inner ,ground ,burnt ,island1 ,outer   
,ground ,ornes ,ground ,outer ,shoal    

,monhegan ,inner ,sou',southeast        
,monhegan ,outer ,sou',southeast ,blue  
,ground ,monhegan ,southeast ,ground    
,hill ,ground ,monhegan ,inner          
,sou',sou',west ,old ,jeffrey ,little   
,jeffrey ,monhegan ,western ,ground     
,broken ,ground ,great ,ledge ,barnum   
,head ,ground ,peterson's ,ground ,cusk 
,ridge ,potato ,patch ,the ,apron ,henry
 ,gallants ,ridge ,middle ,ground2      
,mosers ,johns ,head ,ground ,white     
,island ,ground ,steamboat ,ground      
,inner and ,outer ,boutens ,hill ,ground
 ,seguin ,sou' ,sou' ,west ,seguin      
,ridge ,seguin ,ground ,mc,intire ,reef 
,seguin ,hub ,cow ,ground ,murre ,hub   
,mistaken ,ground ,tag ,ground ,kettle  
,bottom1 ,outer ,murray ,hole ,inner    
,kettle ,bantam ,white ,head ,ground    
,green ,ground ,lambo ,the ,bull ,ground
 ,the ,garden ,sand ,shoal ,the ,elbow  
,old ,orchard2 ,wood ,island ,ground    
,drunken ,ledge  ,,outer ,,gulf ,,of    
,,maine ,,area ,grand ,manan ,bank      
,middle ,ground ,marblehead ,bank       

,newfound ,jones ,ground ,bank ,comfort 
,clay ,bank ,newfound ,jeffreys ,bank   
,inner ,fall ,toothaker ,ridge ,cashes  
,bank ,ridge east of ,cashes ,ridge     
northwest of ,cashes ,big ,ridge ,ridge 
north of ,georges ,john ,dyers ,ridge   
,fifty-five ,fathom ,bunch ,fippenies   
,bank ,ridge south of ,fippenie ,maurice
 ,luhees ,ground ,harvey ,blacks ,ridge 
,cod ,ridge ,three-,dory ,ridge ,platts 
,bank ,jeffreys ,ledge ,cove of         
,jeffreys ,clay ,ridge ,jerry ,yorks    
,ridge ,howard ,howard ,nunans ,ridge   
,southeast ,jeffreys ,southeast ,cove   
,eastern ,shoal ,water of ,cape ,ann    
,tillies ,bank ,stellwagen or ,middle   
,bank ,wild ,cat ,ridge  ,,georges      
,,bank ,,area ,east ,side of ,cape ,cod 
,tobins ,bank ,morris ,ledge ,outer     
,crab ,ledge ,nantucket ,shoals ,south  
,shoal ,pollock ,rip ,grounds ,rose     
,crown ,nantucket ,shoals--,madisons    
,spot ,nantucket ,shoals--,great ,rip   
,nantucket ,shoals--,davis ,bank2 ,crab 
,bank ,nantucket ,shoals--,fishing ,rip 

,nantucket ,shoals--,southeast ,rip     
,phelps ,bank ,the ,channel ,sankaty    
,head ,georges ,bank  ,,offshore ,,banks
 ,browns ,bank ,seal ,island ,ground    
,roseway ,bank ,la ,have ,bank ,little  
,la ,have  the ,la ,have ,ridges        
,scandinavian ,bank ,western ,bank      
,banquereau ,stone ,fence ,the ,gully   
,artimon ,bank ,misaine ,bank ,canso    
,bank