,,! ,,life ,,( ,,reason ,! ,phases ( ,human ,progress ,volumes ,"o ,?r\gh ,five ,,george ,,santayana h g> noy enh]geia zh ,9 ,five ,volumes ,introduction to ,life ( ,reason ,volume ,"o ,volume ,two ,volume ,?ree ,volume ,f\r ,volume ,five ,,reason ,,9 ,,common ,,s5se ,volume ,"o ( 8,! ,life ( ,reason0 ,,george ,,santayana h g> noy enh]geia zh ,,cont5ts ,,introduction ,,! ,,subject ,,( ,,?is ,,"w1 ,,its ,,me?od ,,& ,,antec$5ts ,progress is relative to an ideal :i* reflection creates4--,efficaci\s reflection is reason4--,! ,life ( ,reason a "n = all practical ?\ght & all action ju/ifi$ by its fruits 9 consci\sness4--,x is ! sum ( ,art4--,x has a natural basis :i* makes x def9able4--,mod]n philosophy n helpful4--,positivism no positive ideal4--,*ri/ian philosophy my?ical3 x misrepres5ts facts & conditions4--,lib]al !ology a sup]/iti\s attitude t[>d a natural _w4--,! ,greeks ?\ght /raight 9 bo? physics & morals4--,h]aclitus & ! imm$iate4--,democritus & ! naturally intelligible4--,socrates & ! autonomy ( m9d4--,plato gave ! ideal its full expression4--,ari/otle suppli$ its natural basis4--,philosophy ?us complete1 yet 9 ne$ ( re/atem5t4--,plato's my?s 9 lieu ( physics4--,ari/otle's f9al causes4--,mod]n sci5ce c avoid su* exp$i5ts4--,transc5d5talism true b inconsequ5tial4--,v]bal e?ics4--,sp9oza & ! ,life ( ,reason4--,mod]n & classic s\rces ( inspiration4 ,pages #a-cb ,,reason ,,9 ,,common ,,s5se ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,reason ,exi/5ce always has an ,ord]1 call$ ,*aos :5 incompatible ) a *os5 good4--,absolute ord]1 or tru?1 is /atic1 impot5t1 indiff]5t4--,9 exp]i5ce ord] is relative to int]e/s :i* det]m9e ! moral /atus ( all p[]s4--,! discov]$ conditions ( reason n its beg9n+4--,! flux fir/4--,life ! fixation ( int]e/s4--,prim>y dualities4--,fir/ grop+s4--,in/9ct ! nucleus ( reason4--,bett] & worse ! fundam5tal categories4 ,pages #ce-dg ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fir/ ,,/eps ,,& ,,fir/ ,,fluctuations ,dreams be=e ?\ghts4--,! m9d vegetates uncontroll$ save by physical =ces4--,int]nal ord] sup]v5es4--,intr9sic pleasure 9 exi/5ce4--,pleasure a good1 b n pursu$ or rememb]$ unless x suffuses an object4--,subhuman delights4--,animal liv+4--,causes at la/ disc]n$4--,att5tion guid$ by bodily impulse4 ,pages #dh-fc ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,,natural ,,objects ,nature man's home4--,difficulties 9 conceiv+ nature4--,transc5d5tal qualms4--,?\ght an aspect ( life & transitive4--,p]ception cumulative & syn!tic4--,no id5tical ag5t ne$$4--,example ( ! sun4--,8 primitive div9ity4--,causes & ess5ces contra/$4--,voracity ( intellect4--,c ! transc5d5t be kn[n8--,c ! imm$iate be meant8--,is ?\ght a bridge f s5sation to s5sation8--,m5s naturalit] platonica4--,id5tity & indep5d5ce pr$icat$ ( ?+s4 ,pages #fd-hc ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,on ,,"s ,,critics ,,( ,,?is ,,discov]y ,psy*ology z a solv5t4--,misconceiv$ rle ( intellig5ce4--,all criticism dogmatic4--,a *oice ( hypo!ses4--,critics disguis$ en?usia/s4--,hume's gratuit\s scepticism4--,kant's sub/itute = k4--,false subjectivity attribut$ to reason4--,*im]ical recon/ruction4--,! ,critique a "w on m5tal ar*itecture4--,incoh]5ces4--,nature ! true sy/em ( conditions4--,artificial pa?os 9 subjectivism4--,b]keley's algebra ( p]ception4--,horror ( physics4--,pu]ility 9 morals4--,truism & sophism4--,reality is ! practical made intelligible4--,va9 8realities0 & tru/wor?y 8fictions04 ,pages #hd-aag ,,*apt] ,v ,,nature ,,unifi$ ,,& ,,m9d ,,disc]n$ ,man's feeble grasp ( nature4--,its unity ideal & discov]able only by /eady ?\ght4--,m9d ! erratic residue ( exi/5ce4--,gho/ly "* ( m9d4--,hypo/asis & criticism bo? ne$ control4--,comp>ative con/ancy 9 objects & 9 ideas4--,_s & s5se def9$ by _! relation to nature4--,vague notions ( nature involve vague notions ( _s4--,s5se & _s ! life ( nature1 :i* sci5ce r$i/ributes b does n d5y4 ,pages #aah-acf ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,discov]y ,,( ,,fell[-,,m9ds ,ano!r backgr\nd = curr5t exp]i5ce may be f\nd 9 ali5 m9ds4--,two usual acc\nts ( ?is conception criticis$3 analogy betwe5 bodies1 & dramatic dialogue 9 ! s\l4--,subject & object empirical1 n transc5d5tal1 t]ms4--,objects orig9ally soak$ 9 second>y & t]ti>y qualities4--,t]ti>y qualities transpos$4--,imput$ m9d consi/s ( ! t]ti>y qualities ( p]ceiv$ body--8,pa!tic fallacy0 normal1 yet ord9>ily fallaci\s4--,case :]e x is n a fallacy4--,k succe$s only by accid5t4--,limits ( insight4--,p]ception ( "*4--,conduct div9$1 consci\sness ignor$4--,consci\sness untru/wor?y4--,metaphorical m9d4--,summ>y4 ,pages #acg-afj ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,concretions ,,9 ,,disc\rse ,,& ,,9 ,,exi/5ce ,s-call$ ab/ract qualities prim>y4--,g5]al qualities prior to p>ticul> ?+s4--,univ]sals are concretions 9 disc\rse4--,simil> reactions1 m]g$ 9 "o habit ( reproduction1 yield an idea4--,ideas are ideal4--,s-call$ ab/ractions complete facts4--,?+s concretions ( concretions4--,ideas prior 9 ! ord] ( k1 ?+s 9 ! ord] ( nature4--,ari/otle's compromise4--,empirical bias 9 fav\r ( contiguity4--,artificial divorce ( logic f practice4--,_! mutual involution4--,rationali/ic suicide4--,complem5t>y "* ( ess5ce & exi/5ce4 ,pages #afa-ahc ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,on ,,! ,,relative ,,value ,,( ,,?+s ,,& ,,ideas ,moral tone ( op9ions d]iv$ f _! logical pr9ciple4--,concretions 9 disc\rse express in/9ctive reactions4--,idealism rudim5t>y4--,naturalism sad4--,! s\l ak9 to ! et]nal & ideal4--,h] inexp]i5ce4--,platonism spontane\s4--,its ess5tial fidelity to ! ideal4--,equal rights ( empiricism4--,logic dep5d5t on fact = its importance1 & = its subsi/5ce4--,reason & docility4--,applicable ?\ght & cl>ifi$ exp]i5ce4 ,pages #ahd-bjd ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,h[ ,,?\ght ,,is ,,practical ,functional relations ( m9d & body4--,!y =m "o natural life4--,artifices involv$ 9 sep>at+ !m4--,consci\sness expresses vital equilibrium & docility4--,its wor?lessness z a cause & value z an expression4--,?\ght's m>* automatic & !reby implicat$ 9 ev5ts4--,contemplative ess5ce ( action4--,me*anical efficacy ali5 to ?\ght's ess5ce4--,consci\sness transc5d5tal & transc5d5t4--,x is ! seat ( value4--,app>5t utility ( pa94--,its real impot5ce4--,pre=mations involv$4--,its unt[>d significance4--,p]fect function n unconsci\s4--,in*oate e?ics4--,?\ght ! entele*y ( be+4--,its exub]ance4 ,pages #bje-bce ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,measure ,,( ,,values ,,9 ,,reflection ,hone/y 9 h$onism4--,necess>y qualifications4--,! w mu/ judge4--,inju/ice inh]5t 9 repres5tation4--/hetic & speculative cruelty4--,imput$ values3 _! incon/ancy4--,me?ods ( control4--,example ( fame4--,disproportionate int]e/ 9 ! /hetic4--,irrational religi\s allegiance4--,pa!tic idealisations4--,inevitable impulsiv5ess 9 prophecy4--,! te/ a controll$ pres5t ideal4 ,pages #bcf-bee ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,"s ,,ab/ract ,,conditions ,,( ,,! ,,ideal ,! ultimate end a resultant4--,dem&s ! sub/ance ( ideals4--,discipl9e ( ! w4--,dem&s made practical & consi/5t4--,! ideal natural4--,ne$ ( unity & f9ality4--,ideals ( no?+4--,d>w9 on moral s5se4--,consci5ce & reason comp>$4--,reason imposes no new sacrifice4--,natural goods atta9able & compatible 9 pr9ciple4--,h>mony ! =mal & intr9sic dem& ( reason4 ,pages #bef-bfh ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,flux ,,& ,,con/ancy ,,9 ,,human ,,nature ,respectable tradition t human nature is fix$4--,contr>y curr5ts ( op9ion4--,pan!ism4--,in/ability 9 exi/5ces does n de?rone _! ideals4--,absoluti/ philosophy human & halt+4--,all sci5ce a deliv]ance ( mom5t>y ?\ght4--,all criticism likewise4--,orig9s iness5tial4--,ideals functional4--,!y are transf]able to simil> be+s4--,au?ority int]nal4--,reason autonom\s4--,its di/ribution4--,natural selection ( m9ds4--,liv+ /ability4--,cont9uity necess>y to progress4--,limits ( v>iation4 ,_s a h]itage4--,p]fectibility4--,nature & human nature4--,human nature =mulat$4--,its concrete description res]v$ = ! sequel4 ,pages #bfi-bia ,introduction to 8,! ,life ( ,reason0 ,sid5ote3 ,progress is relative to an ideal :i* reflection creates4 ,:atev] =ces may gov]n human life1 if !y are to be recognis$ by man1 mu/ betray !mselves 9 human exp]i5ce4 ,progress 9 sci5ce or religion1 no less ?an 9 morals & art1 is a dramatic episode 9 man's c>e]1 a welcome v>iation 9 8 habit & /ate ( m9d2 al?\gh ?is v>iation may (t5 reg>d or propitiate ?+s ext]nal1 adju/m5t to :i* may be important = 8 welf>e4 ,! importance ( ^! ext]nal ?+s1 z well z _! exi/5ce1 he c e/abli% only by ! function & utility :i* a recognition ( !m may h 9 8 life4 ,! entire hi/ory ( progress is a moral drama1 a tale man might unfold 9 a great autobiography1 c\ld 8 myriad heads & c\ntless sc9tillas ( consci\sness conspire1 l ! sev5ty ,alex&rian sages1 9 a s+le v]sion ( ! tru? committ$ to ea* = int]pretation4 ,:at !mes w\ld prevail 9 su* an exam9ation ( he>t8 ,9 :at ord] & ) :at emphasis w\ld !y be rec\nt$8 ,9 :i* ( its adv5tures w\ld ! human race1 review+ its :ole exp]i5ce1 ackn[l$ge a progress & a ga98 ,to answ] ^! que/ions1 z !y may be answ]$ speculatively & provisionally by an individual1 is ! purpose ( ! foll[+ "w4 ,sid5ote3 ,efficaci\s reflection is reason4 ,a philosoph] c\ld h>dly h a high] ambition ?an to make himself a m\?-piece = ! memory & judgm5t ( 8 race4 ,yet ! mo/ casual consid]ation ( affairs already involves an attempt to d ! same ?+4 ,reflection is pregnant f ! beg9n+ ) all ! pr9ciples ( syn!sis & valuation ne$$ 9 ! mo/ compreh5sive criticism4 ,s soon z man ceases to be :olly imm]s$ 9 s5se1 he looks be=e & aft]1 he regrets & desires2 & ! mom5ts 9 :i* prospect or retrospect takes place con/itute ! reflective or repres5tative "p ( 8 life1 9 contra/ to ! unmitigat$ flux ( s5sations 9 :i* no?+ ult]ior is reg>d$4 ,repres5tation1 h[ev]1 c h>dly rema9 idle & m]ely speculative4 ,to ! ideal function ( envisag+ ! abs5t1 memory & reflection w add 7s9ce !y exi/ & con/itute a new complication 9 be+7 ! practical function ( modify+ ! future4 ,vital impulse1 h[ev]1 :5 x is modifi$ by reflection & ve]s 9 sympa?y ) judgm5ts pron\nc$ on ! pa/1 is prop]ly call$ reason4 ,man's rational life consi/s 9 ^? mom5ts 9 :i* reflection n only occurs b proves efficaci\s4 ,:at is abs5t !n works 9 ! pres5t1 & values are imput$ :]e !y _c be felt4 ,su* repres5tation is s f> f be+ m]ely speculative t its pres5ce alone c raise bodily *ange to ! dignity ( action4 ,reflection ga!rs exp]i5ces toge!r & p]ceives _! relative wor?2 :i* is z mu* z to say t x expresses a new attitude ( w 9 ! pres5ce ( a _w bett] und]/ood & turn$ to "s purpose4 ,! limits ( reflection m>k ^? ( conc]t$ & rational action2 !y circumscribe ! field ( cumulative exp]i5ce1 or1 :at is ! same ?+1 ( pr(itable liv+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,life ( ,reason a "n = all practical ?\ght & all action ju/ifi$ by its fruits 9 consci\sness4 ,?us if we use ! ^w life 9 a eulogi/ic s5se to designate ! happy ma9t5ance aga9/ ! _w ( "s def9ite ideal int]e/1 we may say ) ,ari/otle t life is reason 9 op]ation4 ,! ,life ( ,reason w !n be a "n = t "p ( exp]i5ce :i* p]ceives & pursues ideals--all conduct s controll$ & all s5se s int]pret$ z to p]fect natural happ9ess4 ,)\t reason1 z )\t memory1 !re might /ill be pleasures & pa9s 9 exi/5ce4 ,to increase ^? pleasures & r$uce ^? pa9s w\ld be to introduce an improvem5t into ! s5ti5t _w1 z if a devil sudd5ly di$ 9 hell or 9 heav5 a new angel 7 creat$4 ,s9ce ! be+s1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ^! values w\ld reside1 w\ld1 by hypo!sis1 "k no?+ ( "o ano!r1 & s9ce ! bett]m5t w\ld take place unpray$-= & unnotic$1 x c\ld h>dly be call$ a progress2 & c]ta9ly n a progress 9 man1 s9ce man1 )\t ! ideal cont9uity giv5 by memory & reason1 w\ld h no moral be+4 ,9 human progress1 !re=e1 reason is n a casual in/rum5t1 hav+ its sole value 9 its s]vice to s5se2 su* a bett]m5t 9 s5ti5ce w\ld n be progress unless x 7 a progress 9 reason1 & ! increas+ pleasure reveal$ "s object t c\ld please2 = )\t a picture ( ! situation f :i* a height5$ vitality might fl[1 ! improvem5t c\ld be nei!r rememb]$ nor measur$ nor desir$4 ,! ,life ( ,reason is accord+ly nei!r a m]e means nor a m]e incid5t 9 human progress2 x is ! total & embodi$ progress itself1 9 :i* ! pleasures ( s5se are includ$ 9 s f> z !y c be intellig5tly enjoy$ & pursu$4 ,to rec\nt man's rational mom5ts w\ld be to take an inv5tory ( all 8 goods2 = he is n himself 7z we say ) unconsci\s accuracy7 9 ! o!rs4 ,if he ev] appropriates !m 9 recollection or prophecy1 x is only on ! gr\nd ( "s physical relation :i* !y may h to 8 be+4 ,reason is z old z man & z preval5t z human nature2 = we %\ld n recognise an animal to be human unless 8 in/9cts 7 to "s degree consci\s ( _! ends & r5d]$ 8 ideas 9 t measure relevant to conduct4 ,_m s5sations1 or ev5 a :ole _w ( dreams1 d n am\nt to intellig5ce until ! images 9 ! m9d beg9 to repres5t 9 "s way1 h[ev] symbolic1 ! =ces & realities confront$ 9 action4 ,!re may well be int5se consci\sness 9 ! total abs5ce ( rationality4 ,su* consci\sness is sugge/$ 9 dreams1 9 madness1 & may be f\nd1 = all we "k1 9 ! dep?s ( univ]sal nature4 ,m9ds peopl$ only by desultory visions & lu/s w\ld n h ! dignity ( human s\ls ev5 if !y seem$ to pursue c]ta9 objects un]r+ly2 = t pursuit w\ld n be illum9$ by any vision ( its goal4 ,reason & humanity beg9 ) ! union ( in/9ct & ideation1 :5 in/9ct becomes enlight5$1 e/abli%es values 9 its objects1 & is turn$ f a process into an art1 :ile at ! same "t consci\sness becomes practical & cognitive1 beg9n+ to conta9 "s symbol or record ( ! co-ord9ate realities among :i* x arises4 ,reason accord+ly requires ! fusion ( two types ( life1 commonly l$ 9 ! _w 9 well-nigh total sep>ation1 "o a life ( impulse express$ 9 affairs & social passions1 ! o!r a life ( reflection express$ 9 religion1 sci5ce1 & ! imitative arts4 ,9 ! ,life ( ,reason1 if x 7 br\ght to p]fection1 intellig5ce w\ld be at once ! univ]sal me?od ( practice & its cont9ual rew>d4 ,all reflection w\ld !n be applicable 9 action & all action fruitful 9 happ9ess4 ,?\gh ?is be an ideal1 yet ev]yone gives x f "t to "t a p>tial embodim5t :5 he practises useful arts1 :5 8 passions happily lead him to enlight5m5t1 or :5 8 fancy bre$s visions p]t95t to 8 ultimate good4 ,ev]yone leads ! ,life ( ,reason 9 s f> z he f9ds a /eady light beh9d ! _w's glitt] & a cle> residuum ( joy b5ea? pleasure or success4 ,no exp]i5ce n to be rep5t$ ( falls )\t its sph]e4 ,e solution to a d\bt1 9 s f> z x is n a new error1 e practical a*ievem5t n neutralis$ by a second maladju/m5t consequ5t ^u x1 e consolation n ! se$ ( ano!r great] sorr[1 may be ga!r$ toge!r & built into ?is edifice4 ,! ,life ( ,reason is ! happy m>riage ( two elem5ts--impulse & ideation--:i* if :olly divorc$ w\ld r$uce man to a brute or to a maniac4 ,! rational animal is g5]at$ by ! union ( ^! two mon/]s4 ,he is con/itut$ by ideas :i* h ceas$ to be vision>y & actions :i* h ceas$ to be va94 ,sid5ote3 ,x is ! sum ( ,art4 ,?us ! ,life ( ,reason is ano!r "n = :at1 9 ! wide/ s5se ( ! ^w1 might be call$ ,art4 ,op]ations become arts :5 _! purpose is consci\s & _! me?od tea*able4 ,9 p]fect art ! :ole idea is creative & exi/s only to be embodi$1 :ile e "p ( ! product is rational & gives delightful expression to t idea4 ,l art1 aga91 ! ,life ( ,reason is n a p[] b a result1 ! spontane\s expression ( lib]al g5ius 9 a fav\r+ environm5t4 ,bo? art & reason h natural s\rces & meet ) natural *ecks2 b :5 a process is turn$ successfully into an art1 s t its issues h value & ! ideas t accompany x become practical & cognitive1 reflection1 f9d+ little t x _c 9 "s way ju/ify & und]/&1 beg9s to boa/ t x directs & has creat$ ! _w 9 :i* x f9ds itself s mu* at home4 ,?us if art c\ld ext5d its sph]e to include e activity 9 nature1 reason1 be+ ev]y:]e exemplifi$1 might easily ?9k itself omnipot5t4 ,?is ideal1 f> z x is f actual realisation1 has s dazzl$ m51 t 9 _! religion & my?ical philosophy !y h (t5 spok5 z if x 7 already actual & effici5t4 ,?is anticipation am\nts1 :5 tak5 s]i\sly1 to a confusion ( purposes ) facts & ( functions ) causes1 a confusion :i* 9 ! int]e/s ( wisdom & progress x is important to avoid2 b ^! speculative fables1 :5 we take !m = :at !y are--poetic expressions ( ! ideal--help u to see h[ deeply root$ ?is ideal is 9 man's m9d1 & af=d u a /&>d by :i* to measure 8 approa*es to ! rational p]fection ( :i* he dreams4 ,= ! ,life ( ,reason1 be+ ! sph]e ( all human art1 is man's imitation ( div9ity4 ,sid5ote3 ,x has a natural basis :i* makes x def9able4 ,to /udy su* an ideal1 dimly express$ ?\gh x be 9 human exi/5ce1 is no prophetic or vision>y und]tak+4 ,e g5u9e ideal has a natural basis2 anyone may und]/& & safely int]pret x :o is att5tive to ! life f :i* x spr+s4 ,to deciph] ! ,life ( ,reason no?+ is ne$$ b an analytic _s & a judici\s love ( man1 a love quick to di/+ui% success f failure 9 8 great & confus$ exp]im5t ( liv+4 ,! hi/orian ( reason %\ld n be a romantic poet1 vibrat+ impot5tly to e impulse he f9ds afoot1 )\t a crit]ion ( excell5ce or a vision ( p]fection4 ,ideals are free1 b !y are nei!r m num]\s nor m v>iable ?an ! liv+ natures t g5]ate !m4 ,ideals are legitimate1 & ea* initially envisages a g5u9e & innoc5t good2 b !y are n realisable toge!r1 nor ev5 s+ly :5 !y h no deep roots 9 ! _w4 ,nei!r is ! philosoph] compell$ by 8 some:at judicial (fice to be a satiri/ or c5sor1 )\t sympa?y = ^? t5tative & +5u\s passions out ( :i*1 aft] all1 8 own /&>ds mu/ arise4 ,he is ! *ronicl] ( human progress1 & to measure t progress he %\ld be equally att5tive to ! impulses t give x direction & to ! circum/ances amid :i* x /umbles t[>d its natural goal4 ,sid5ote3 ,mod]n philosophy n helpful4 ,!re is un=tunately no s*ool ( mod]n philosophy to :i* a critique ( human progress c well be atta*$4 ,almo/ e s*ool1 inde$1 c furni% some?+ useful to ! critic1 sometimes a physical !ory1 sometimes a piece ( logical analysis4 ,we %all ne$ to borr[ f curr5t sci5ce & speculation ! picture !y draw ( man's conditions & environm5t1 8 hi/ory & m5tal habits4 ,^! may furni% a !atre & prop]ties = our drama2 b !y (f] no h9t ( its plot & mean+4 ,a great imag9ative apa?y has fall5 on ! m9d4 ,"o-half ! le>n$ _w is amus$ 9 t9k]+ obsolete arm\r1 z ,don ,quixote did 8 helmet2 deput+ x1 aft] a s]ies ( cata/rophes1 to be at la/ s\nd & invuln]able4 ,! o!r half1 ! naturali/s :o h /udi$ psy*ology & evolution1 look at life f ! outside1 & ! processes ( ,nature make !m =get h] uses4 ,bacon inde$ _h priz$ sci5ce = add+ to ! com=ts ( life1 a function /ill commemorat$ by positivi/s 9 _! eloqu5t mom5ts4 ,habitually1 h[ev]1 :5 !y utt] ! ^w progress x is1 9 _! m\?s1 a synonym = inevitable *ange1 or at be/ = *ange 9 t direction :i* !y conceive to be on ! :ole pr$om9ant4 ,if !y comb9e ) physical speculation "s elem5ts ( morals1 ^! are usually purely =mal1 to ! effect t happ9ess is to be pursu$ 7probably1 alas6 because to d s is a psy*ological law72 b :at happ9ess consi/s 9 we ga!r only f casual obs]vations or by putt+ toge!r _! national prejudices & p>ty saws4 ,sid5ote3 ,positivism no positive ideal4 ,! tru? is t ev5 ?is radical s*ool1 emancipat$ z x ?9ks itself1 is suff]+ f ! aft]-effects ( sup]naturalism4 ,l *ildr5 escap$ f s*ool1 !y f9d _! :ole happ9ess 9 fre$om4 ,!y are pr\d ( :at !y h reject$1 z if a great wit 7 requir$ to d s2 b !y d n "k :at !y want4 ,if y a/oni% !m by dem&+ :at is _! positive ideal1 fur!r ?an t !re %\ld be a great _m p & t !y %\ld be all alike1 !y w say at fir/ t :at ought to be is obvi\s1 & lat] !y w submit ! matt] to a majority vote4 ,!y h disc>d$ ! ma*9]y 9 :i* _! ance/ors embodi$ ! ideal2 !y h n p]ceiv$ t ^? symbols /ood = ! ,life ( ,reason & gave fanta/ic & emb>rass$ expression to :at1 9 itself1 is pure humanity2 & !y h ?us rema9$ entangl$ 9 ! colossal error t ideals are some?+ adv5titi\s & unmean+1 n hav+ a soil 9 mortal life nor a possible fulfilm5t !re4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/ian philosophy my?ical3 x misrepres5ts facts & conditions4 ,! pr(\nd & pa!tic ideas :i* inspir$ ,*ri/ianity 7 atta*$ 9 ! beg9n+ to anci5t my?s & soon cry/allis$ into _m new ones4 ,! my?ical mann] p]vades ,*ri/ian philosophy2 b my? succe$s 9 express+ ideal life only by misrepres5t+ its hi/ory & conditions4 ,?is me?od 0 inde$ n orig9al ) ! ,fa!rs2 !y borr[$ x f ,plato1 :o appeal$ to p>ables himself 9 an op5 & h>mless fa%ion1 yet ) disa/r\s consequ5ces to 8 s*ool4 ,nor 0 he ! fir/2 = ! in/9ct to reg>d poetic fictions z revelations ( sup]natural facts is z old z ! s\l's primitive incapacity to di/+ui% dreams f wak+ p]ceptions1 sign f ?+ signifi$1 & inn] emotions f ext]nal p[]s4 ,su* confusions1 ?\gh 9 a way !y obey moral =ces1 make a rational e/imate ( ?+s impossible4 ,to misrepres5t ! conditions & consequ5ces ( action is no m]ely speculative error2 x involves a false emphasis 9 "* & an artificial balance & co-ord9ation among human pursuits4 ,:5 ideals are hypo/asis$ into p[]s alleg$ to provide = _! own expression1 ! ,life ( ,reason _c be conceiv$2 9 !ory its field ( op]ation is pre-empt$ & its function gone1 :ile 9 practice its inn] impulses are turn$ awry by artificial /imulation & repression4 ,! ,patri/ic sy/ems1 ?\gh weak 9 _! f\ndations1 7 extraord9>ily wise & compreh5sive 9 _! work+ out2 & :ile !y inv]t$ life !y pres]v$ x4 ,dogma add$ to ! univ]se fabul\s p]spectives2 x int]polat$ also innum]able incid5ts & p[]s :i* gave a new dim5sion to exp]i5ce4 ,yet ! old _w rema9$ /&+ 9 its /range sett+1 l ! ,pan!on 9 mod]n ,rome2 &1 :at is m important1 ! natural spr+s ( human action 7 /ill ackn[l$g$1 & if a sup]natural discipl9e 0 impos$1 x 0 only because exp]i5ce & fai? _h disclos$ a situation 9 :i* ! pursuit ( e>?ly happ9ess seem$ hopeless4 ,nature 0 n de/roy$ by its novel app5dages1 nor did reason die 9 ! cloi/]3 x hib]nat$ !re1 & c\ld come back to its own 9 due season1 only a little daz$ & weak5$ by its long conf9em5t4 ,su*1 at lea/1 is ! situation 9 ,ca?olic regions1 :]e ! ,patri/ic philosophy has n appreciably v>i$4 ,among ,prote/ants ,*ri/ian dogma has tak5 a new & ambigu\s direction1 :i* has at once m9imis$ its di/urb+ effect 9 practice & isolat$ its prim>y illusion4 ,! symptoms h be5 cur$ & ! disease driv5 94 ,sid5ote3 ,lib]al !ology a sup]/iti\s attitude t[>d a natural _w4 ,! t5ets ( ,prote/ant bodies are notori\sly v>i$ & on pr9ciple subject to *ange4 ,!re is h>dly a comb9ation ( tradition & spontaneity :i* has n be5 tri$ 9 "s qu>t]4 ,if we ?9k1 h[ev]1 ( broad t5d5cies & ultimate issues1 x appe>s t 9 ,prote/antism my?1 )\t disappe>+1 has *ang$ its relation to reality3 in/ead ( be+ an ext5sion to ! natural _w my? has become its sub/ratum4 ,religion no long] reveals div9e p]sonalities1 future rew>ds1 & t5d]] ,elysian consolations2 nor does x s]i\sly propose a heav5 to be rea*$ by a ladd] nor a purgatory to be %ort5$ by prescrib$ devotions4 ,x m]ely gives ! real _w an ideal /atus & tea*es m5 to accept a natural life on sup]natural gr\nds4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! mo/ pi\s c give an unv>ni%$ description ( ?+s4 ,ev5 immortality & ! idea ( ,god are submitt$1 9 lib]al circles1 to sci5tific treatm5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x w\ld be h>d to conceive a m invet]ate obsession ?an t :i* keeps ! attitude ( ^! same m9ds inappropriate to ! objects !y envisage4 ,!y h accept$ natural conditions2 !y w n accept natural ideals4 ,! ,life ( ,reason has no exi/5ce = !m1 because1 al?\gh its field is cle>1 !y w n tol]ate any human or f9ite /&>d ( value1 & w n suff] extant int]e/s1 :i* c alone guide !m 9 action or judgm5t1 to def9e ! wor? ( life4 ,! aft]-effects ( ,hebraism are "h contr>y to its f\ndations2 = ! ,jews lov$ ! _w s mu* t !y br\ght !mselves1 9 ord] to w9 & enjoy x1 to an int5se conc5tration ( purpose2 b ?is ef=t & discipl9e1 :i* _h ( c\rse be5 my?ically sanction$1 n only fail$ ( its object1 b grew f> too absolute & sublime to ?9k its object c\ld ev] h be5 e>?ly2 & ! sup]natural ma*9]y :i* 0 to h secur$ prosp]ity1 :ile t /ill entic$1 n[ _h to furni% "s wor?i] object = ! passion x _h artificially fo/]$4 ,fanaticism consi/s 9 r$\bl+ y\r ef=t :5 y h =gott5 y\r aim4 ,an e>ne/ness :i* is out ( proportion to any k or love ( real ?+s1 :i* is !re=e d>k & inw>d & ?9ks itself deep] ?an ! e>?'s f\ndations--su* an e>ne/ness1 until culture turns x into intellig5t int]e/s1 w naturally bre$ a new my?ology4 ,x w try to place "s _w ( ,afrites & %ad[y giants beh9d ! con/ellations1 :i* x f9ds too di/9ct & con/ant to be its companions or support]s2 & x w assign to itself vague & inf9ite tasks1 = :i* x is d\btless bett] equipp$ ?an = ^? :i* ! e>? n[ sets be=e x4 ,ev5 ^!1 h[ev]1 s9ce !y are p>ts ( an inf9ite :ole1 ! my/ic may 7hi/rionically1 p]haps1 yet zeal\sly7 und]take2 b z 8 eye w be p]petually fix$ on some?+ invisible beyond1 & no?+ w be done = its own sake or enjoy$ 9 its own fugitive pres5ce1 !re w be little art & little joy 9 exi/5ce4 ,all w be a toss+ s]vitude & illib]al mi/1 :]e ! p>ts w h no f9al values & ! :ole no p]t95t direction4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,greeks ?\ght /raight 9 bo? physics & morals4 ,9 ,greek philosophy ! situation is f> m auspici\s4 ,! anci5ts l$ a rational life & envisag$ ! v>i\s sph]es ( speculation z m5 might ^: c5tral int]e/s 7 rational4 ,9 physics !y leap$ at once to ! conception ( a dynamic unity & g5]al evolution1 ?us giv+ t backgr\nd to human life :i* %rewd obs]vation w\ld always h descri$1 & :i* mod]n sci5ce has labori\sly r$iscov]$4 ,two great sy/ems (f]$1 9 two legitimate directions1 :at are d\btless ! f9al & radical acc\nts ( physical be+4 ,h]aclitus1 describ+ ! imm$iate1 f\nd x to be 9 con/ant & p]vasive *ange3 no sub/ances1 no =ms1 no id5tities c\ld be arre/$ !re1 b z 9 ! human s\l1 s 9 nature1 all 0 in/ability1 contradiction1 recon/ruction1 & oblivion4 ,?is rema9s ! empirical fact2 & we ne$ b to resc9d ! artificial division :i* ,desc>tes has taught u to make betwe5 nature & life1 to feel aga9 ! absolute aptness ( ,h]aclitus's expressions4 ,^! 7 ?\ght obscure only because !y 7 s disconc]t+ly p5etrat+ & direct4 ,! imm$iate is :at nobody sees1 because conv5tion & reflection turn exi/5ce1 z soon z !y c1 into ideas2 a man :o discloses ! imm$iate seems pr(\nd1 yet 8 dep? is no?+ b innoc5ce recov]$ & a sort ( intellectual ab/5tion4 ,my/icism1 scepticism1 & transc5d5talism h all 9 _! v>i\s ways tri$ to fall back on ! imm$iate2 b none ( !m has be5 +5u\s en\gh4 ,ea* has add$ "s my?1 or sophi/ry1 or delusive artifice to its direct obs]vation4 ,h]aclitus rema9s ! hone/ prophet ( imm$iacy3 a my/ic )\t raptures or bad rhetoric1 a sceptic :o does n rely = 8 results on conv5tions unwitt+ly adopt$1 a transc5d5tali/ )\t false pret5sions or incongru\s dogmas4 ,sid5ote3 ,h]aclitus & ! imm$iate4 ,! imm$iate is n1 h[ev]1 a good subject = disc\rse1 & ! exp\nd]s ( ,h]aclitus 7 n unnaturally blam$ = monotony4 ,all !y c\ld d 0 to it]ate _! ma/]'s maxim1 & decl>e ev]y?+ to be 9 flux4 ,9 sugge/+ laws ( recurr5ce & a reason 9 :i* :at is common to _m might be express$1 ,h]aclitus _h op5$ ! door into ano!r region3 _h he pass$ ?r\gh1 8 philosophy w\ld h be5 greatly modifi$1 = p]man5t =ms w\ld h =c$ !mselves on 8 att5tion no less ?an %ift+ mat]ials4 ,su* a ,h]aclitus w\ld h anticipat$ ,plato2 b ! "t = su* a syn!sis _h n yet arriv$4 ,sid5ote3 ,democritus & ! naturally intelligible4 ,at ! opposite pole f imm$iacy lies intelligibility4 ,to r$uce ph5om5a to con/ant elem5ts1 z simil> & simple z possible1 & to conceive _! union & sep>ation to obey con/ant laws1 is :at a natural philosoph] w inevitably d s soon z 8 int]e/ is n m]ely to utt] exp]i5ce b to und]/& x4 ,democritus br\ght ?is sci5tific ideal to its ultimate expression4 ,by includ+ psy*ic exi/5ce 9 8 atomic sy/em1 he indicat$ a problem :i* natural sci5ce has s9ce practically ab&on$ b :i* x may "s day be compell$ to take up4 ,! atoms ( ,democritus seem to u gross1 ev5 = *emi/ry1 & _! quality w\ld h to und]go great trans=mation if !y 7 to support intelligibly psy*ic be+ z well2 b t v grossness & false simplicity _h its m]its1 & sci5ce mu/ be = ev] grateful to ! man :o at its inception c\ld s cle>ly =mulate its me*anical ideal4 ,t ! _w is n s intelligible z we c\ld wi% is n to be wond]$ at4 ,9 o!r respects also x fails to respond to our ideals2 yet our hope mu/ be to f9d x m propiti\s to ! intellect z well z to all ! arts 9 proportion z we le>n bett] h[ to live 9 x4 ,! atoms ( :at we call hydrog5 or oxyg5 may well turn out to be worlds1 z ! />s are :i* make atoms = a/ronomy4 ,_! inn] organisation might be negligible on our rude plane ( be+2 did x disclose itself1 h[ev]1 x w\ld be intelligible 9 its turn only if con/ant p>ts & con/ant laws 7 disc]nible )9 ea* sy/em4 ,s t :ile atomism at a giv5 level may n be a f9al or metaphysical tru?1 x w describe1 on e level1 ! practical & efficaci\s /ructure ( ! _w4 ,we owe to ,democritus ?is ideal ( practical intelligibility2 & he is accord+ly an et]nal spokesman ( reason4 ,8 sy/em1 long buri$ ) o!r glories ( ! _w1 has be5 p>tly reviv$2 & al?\gh x _c be v]ifi$ 9 ha/e1 = x repres5ts an ultimate ideal1 e advance 9 sci5ce recon/itutes x 9 "s p>ticul>4 ,me*anism is n "o pr9ciple ( explanation among o!rs4 ,9 natural philosophy1 :]e to expla9 means to discov] orig9s1 transmutations1 & laws1 me*anism is explanation itself4 ,h]aclitus _h ! good =tune ( hav+ 8 physics absorb$ by ,plato4 ,x is a pity t ,democritus' physics 0 n absorb$ by ,ari/otle4 ,= ) ! flux obs]v$1 & me*anism conceiv$ to expla9 x1 ! !ory ( exi/5ce is complete2 & _h a complete physical !ory be5 incorporat$ into ! ,socratic philosophy1 wisdom w\ld h lack$ none ( its p>ts4 ,democritus1 h[ev]1 appe>$ too late1 :5 ideal sci5ce _h ov]run ! :ole field & initiat$ a v]bal & dialectical physics2 s t ,ari/otle1 = all 8 sci5tific temp] & /udies1 built 8 natural philosophy on a lam5table misund]/&+1 & condemn$ ?\ght to confusion = two ?\s& ye>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,socrates & ! autonomy ( m9d4 ,if ! happy fre$om ( ! ,greeks f religi\s dogma made !m ! fir/ natural philosoph]s1 _! happy political fre$om made !m ! fir/ morali/s4 ,x 0 no accid5t t ,socrates walk$ ! ,a!nian agora2 x 0 no petty patriotism t made him %r9k f any o!r sc5e4 ,8 sci5ce _h its roots !re1 9 ! p]sonal indep5d5ce1 intellectual vivacity1 & clev] dialectic ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,ideal sci5ce lives 9 disc\rse2 x consi/s 9 ! active ex]cise ( reason1 9 signification1 appreciation1 int5t1 & self-expression4 ,its sum total is to "k oneself1 n z psy*ology or an?ropology might describe a man1 b to "k1 z ! say+ is1 "o's own m9d4 ,nor is he :o kn[s 8 own m9d =bidd5 to *ange x2 ! dialectician has no?+ to d ) future possibilities or ) ! op9ion ( anyone b ! man address$4 ,?is k9d ( tru? is b adequate v]acity2 its only object is its own int5t4 ,hav+ develop$ 9 ! _s ! consci\sness ( its mean+s & purposes1 ,socrates rescu$ logic & e?ics = ev] f au?ority4 ,) 8 fri5ds ! ,sophi/s1 he made man ! measure ( all ?+s1 aft] bidd+ him measure himself1 z !y neglect$ to d1 by 8 own ideal4 ,t brave humanity :i* _h fir/ rais$ its head 9 ,hellas & _h end[$ s _m ?+s 9 heav5 & e>?1 :]e ev]y?+ 0 hi!rto mon/r\s1 ) proportion & use1 s t man's works might ju/ify !mselves to 8 m9d1 n[ f\nd 9 ,socrates its precise def9ition2 & x 0 naturally :]e ! ,life ( ,reason _h be5 long cultivat$ t x came f9ally to be conceiv$4 ,sid5ote3 ,plato gave ! ideal its full expression4 ,socrates _h1 h[ev]1 a plebeian /ra9 9 8 humanity1 & 8 utilit>ianism1 at lea/ 9 its expression1 h>dly did ju/ice to :at gives utility to life4 ,8 condemnation = a!ism--if we *oose to take x symbolically--0 n altoge!r unju/3 ! gods ( ,greece 7 n hon\r$ explicitly en\gh 9 8 philosophy4 ,human good appe>$ !re 9 its pr9ciple2 y w\ld n set a pilot to m5d %oes1 because y knew y\r own purpose2 b :at purposes a civilis$ s\l might h>b\r1 & 9 :at highe/ %apes ! good might appe>1 0 a problem t seems n to h attract$ 8 g5ius4 ,x 0 res]v$ to ,plato to br+ ! ,socratic e?ics to its sublime/ expression & to elicit f ! dep?s ( ! ,greek consci5ce ^? ance/ral ideals :i* _h inspir$ its legislators & be5 embodi$ 9 its sacr$ civic traditions4 ,! owl ( ,m9]va flew1 z ,hegel says1 9 ! dusk ( ev5+2 & x 0 horror at ! ab&onm5t ( all creative virtues t br\ght ,plato to conceive !m s %>ply & to prea* !m 9 s sad a tone4 ,x 0 aft] all b ! love ( beauty t made him c5sure ! poets2 = l a true ,greek & a true lov] he wi%$ to see beauty fl\ri% 9 ! real _w4 ,x 0 love ( fre$om t made him h>% to 8 ideal citiz5s1 t !y might be /rong en\gh to pres]ve ! lib]al life4 ,& :5 he broke away f political preoccupations & turn$ to ! inn] life1 8 int]pretations prov$ ! absolute suffici5cy ( ! ,socratic me?od2 & he left no?+ p]t95t unsaid on ideal love & ideal immortality4 ,sid5ote3 ,ari/otle suppli$ its natural basis4 ,beyond ?is po9t no r5d]+ ( ! ,life ( ,reason has ev] be5 c>ri$1 ,ari/otle improv$ ! detail1 & gave bread? & precision to _m a "p4 ,if ,plato possess$ great] imag9ative spl5d\r & m en?usiasm 9 au/]ity1 ,ari/otle _h p]fect sobriety & adequacy1 ) great] fidelity to ! common s5tim5ts ( 8 race4 ,plato1 by virtue ( 8 scope & pla/icity1 toge!r ) a c]ta9 prophetic zeal1 outran at times ! limits ( ! ,hell5ic & ! rational2 he saw human virtue s surr\nd$ & oppress$ by physical dang]s t he wi%$ to give x my?ical sanctions1 & 8 fondness = transmigration & ne!r puni%m5ts 0 some:at m ?an playful4 ,if z a "w ( imag9ation 8 philosophy holds ! fir/ place1 ,ari/otle's has ! decisive advantage ( be+ ! unalloy$ expression ( reason4 ,9 ,ari/otle ! conception ( human nature is p]fectly s\nd2 ev]y?+ ideal has a natural basis & ev]y?+ natural an ideal developm5t4 ,8 e?ics1 :5 ?or\ghly dige/$ & weigh$1 especially :5 ! meagre outl9es are fill$ 9 ) ,plato's m discursive expositions1 w seem !re=e entirely f9al4 ,! ,life ( ,reason f9ds !re its classic explication4 ,sid5ote3 ,philosophy ?us complete1 yet 9 ne$ ( re/atem5t4 ,z x is improbable t !re w soon be ano!r p s free f preoccupations1 s gift$1 & s =tunate z ! ,greeks1 or capable 9 consequ5ce ( s well exemplify+ humanity1 s also x is improbable t a philosoph] w soon arise ) ,ari/otle's scope1 judgm5t1 or au?ority1 "o kn[+ s well h[ to be bo? reasonable & exalt$4 ,x might seem va91 !re=e1 to try to d afre% :at has be5 done be=e ) unapproa*able success2 & in/ead ( writ+ inf]ior ?+s at great l5g? ab\t ! ,life ( ,reason1 x might be simpl] to read & to propagate :at ,ari/otle wrote ) su* immortal ju/ness & ma/]ly brevity4 ,b times *ange2 & ?\gh ! pr9ciples ( reason rema9 ! same ! facts ( human life & ( human consci5ce alt]4 ,a new backgr\nd1 a new basis ( application1 appe>s = logic1 & x may be useful to re/ate old tru?s 9 new words1 ! bett] to prove _! et]nal validity4 ,ari/otle is1 9 8 morals1 ,greek1 concise1 & elem5t>y4 ,z a ,greek1 he mixes ) ! ideal argum5t illu/rations1 appreciations1 & conceptions :i* are n insep>able f its ess5ce4 ,9 !mselves1 no d\bt1 ^! accessories are bett] ?an :at 9 mod]n times w\ld be sub/itut$ = !m1 be+ less sophi/icat$ & ( a nobl] /amp2 b to our eyes !y disguise :at is pr(\nd & univ]sal 9 natural morality by embody+ x 9 images :i* d n belong to our life4 ,our dire/ /ruggles & ! la/ sanctions ( our morality d n appe> 9 !m4 ,! pagan _w1 because its maturity 0 simpl] ?an our crud5ess1 seems *ildi% to u4 ,we d n f9d !re our s9s & hol9ess1 our love1 *>ity1 & hon\r4 ,! ,greek too w\ld n f9d 9 our _w ! ?+s he valu$ mo/1 ?+s to :i* he surr5d]$ himself1 p]haps1 ) a m con/ant self-sacrifice--piety1 c\ntry1 fri5d%ip1 & beauty2 & he might add t 8 ideals 7 rational & he c\ld atta9 !m1 :ile ours are extravagant & h be5 miss$4 ,yet ev5 if we ackn[l$g$ 8 great] good =tune1 x w\ld be impossible = u to g back & become l him4 ,to make ! attempt w\ld %[ no s5se ( reality & little s5se ( hum\r4 ,we mu/ dress 9 our own clo!s1 if we d n wi% to sub/itute a masqu]ade = practical exi/5ce4 ,:at we c adopt f ,greek morals is only ! ab/ract pr9ciple ( _! developm5t2 _! f\ndation 9 all ! extant =ces ( human nature & _! ef=t t[>d e/abli%+ a p]fect h>mony among !m4 ,^! =ces !mselves h p]ceptibly *ang$1 at lea/ 9 _! relative p[]4 ,?us we are m consci\s ( w\nds to /an* & wrongs to fight aga9/1 & less ( goods to atta94 ,! movem5t ( consci5ce has ve]$2 ! c5tre ( gravity lies 9 ano!r "p ( ! "*4 ,ano!r circum/ance t invites a re/atem5t ( rational e?ics is ! impressive illu/ration ( _! pr9ciple :i* subsequ5t hi/ory has af=d$4 ,mank9d has be5 mak+ extraord9>y exp]im5ts ( :i* ,ari/otle c\ld n dream2 & _! result is calculat$ to cl>ify ev5 8 philosophy4 ,= 9 "s respects x ne$$ exp]im5ts & cl>ification4 ,he _h be5 l$ into a sy/ematic fusion ( dialectic ) physics1 & ( ?is fusion all pret5ti\s mod]n philosophy is ! aggravat$ ext5sion4 ,socrates' pupils c\ld n ab&on 8 ideal pr9ciples1 yet !y c\ld n be> to ab/a9 f physics altoge!r2 !y !re=e made a mock physics 9 moral t]ms1 out ( :i* !ology 0 aft]w>d develop$4 ,plato1 /&+ ne>] to ,socrates & be+ no naturali/ by disposition1 nev] c>ri$ ! fatal exp]im5t beyond ! my?ical /age4 ,he accord+ly rema9$ ! pur] morali/1 mu* z ,ari/otle's judgm5t may be pref]r$ 9 _m p>ticul>s4 ,_! relative position may be r\ghly indicat$ by say+ t ,plato _h no physics & t ,ari/otle's physics 0 false2 s t ideal sci5ce 9 ! "o suff]$ f want ( environm5t & control1 :ile 9 ! o!r x suff]$ f misuse 9 a sph]e :]e x _h no application4 ,sid5ote3 ,plato's my?s 9 lieu ( physics4 ,:at _h happ5$ 0 briefly ?is3 ,plato1 hav+ /udi$ _m sorts ( philosophy & be+ a bold & univ]sal g5ius1 0 n satisfi$ to leave all physical que/ions p5d+1 z 8 ma/] _h done4 ,he adopt$1 accord+ly1 ,h]aclitus's doctr9e ( ! imm$iate1 :i* he n[ call$ ! realm ( ph5om5a2 = :at exi/s at any in/ant1 if y arre/ & "n x1 turns out to h be5 an embodim5t ( "s logical ess5ce1 su* z disc\rse might def9e2 9 e fact "s idea makes its appe>ance1 & su* an app>ition ( ! ideal is a ph5om5on4 ,moreov]1 ano!r philosophy _h made a deep impression on ,plato's m9d & _h help$ to develop ,socratic def9itions3 ,p>m5ides _h call$ ! concept ( pure ,be+ ! only reality2 & to satisfy ! /rong dialectic by :i* ?is doctr9e 0 support$ & at ! same "t to bridge ! inf9ite *asm betwe5 "o =mless sub/ance & _m appe>ances irrelevant to x1 ,plato sub/itut$ ! _m ,socratic ideas1 all ( :i* 7 relevant to appe>ance1 = ! "o concept ( ,p>m5ides4 ,! ideas ?us acquir$ :at is call$ metaphysical subsi/5ce2 = !y /ood 9 ! place ( ! ,eleatic ,absolute1 & at ! same "t 7 ! realities t ph5om5a manife/$4 ,! te*nique ( ?is comb9ation is mu* to be admir$2 b ! feat is te*nical & adds no?+ to ! significance ( :at ,plato has to say on any concrete subject4 ,?is b>r5 triumph 01 h[ev]1 fruitful 9 misund]/&+s4 ,! *>act]s & values a ?+ possess$ 7 n[ conceiv$ to subsi/ ap>t f x1 & might ev5 h prec$$ x & caus$ its exi/5ce2 a me*anism compos$ ( values & def9itions c\ld ?us be plac$ beh9d ph5om5a to con/itute a sub/antial physical _w4 ,su* a dream c\ld n be tak5 s]i\sly1 until good s5se 0 :olly lo/ & a bevy ( magic spirits c\ld be imag9$ peopl+ ! inf9ite & yet c>ry+ on ! bus9ess ( e>?4 ,ari/otle reject$ ! metaphysical subsi/5ce ( ideas1 b ?\ght !y might /ill be ess5ces op]ative 9 nature1 if only !y 7 id5tifi$ ) ! life or =m ( p>ticul> ?+s4 ,! dream ?us lo/ its frank wildness1 b none ( its inh]5t incongruity3 = ! s5se 9 :i* *>act]s & values make a ?+ :at x is1 is purely dialectical4 ,!y give x its /atus 9 ! ideal _w2 b ! appe>ance ( ^! *>act]s & values "h & n[ is :at ne$s explanation 9 physics1 an explanation :i* c be furni%$1 ( c\rse1 only by ! physical concat5ation & di/ribution ( causes4 ,sid5ote3 ,ari/otle's f9al causes4 ,mod]n sci5ce c avoid su* exp$i5ts4 ,ari/otle himself did n fail to ,ari/otle's make ?is necess>y di/9ction betwe5 effici5t cause & =mal ess5ce2 b z 8 sci5ce 0 only natural hi/ory1 & me*anism _h no plausibility 9 8 eyes1 ! effici5cy ( ! cause 0 always due1 9 8 view1 to its ideal quality2 z 9 h]$ity ! fa!r's human "*1 n 8 physical /ructure1 might seem to w>rant ! son's humanity4 ,e ideal1 be=e x c\ld be embodi$1 _h to pre-exi/ 9 "s o!r embodim5t2 b z :5 ! ultimate purpose ( ! cosmos is consid]$ x seems to lie beyond any giv5 embodim5t1 ! highe/ ideal mu/ someh[ exi/ disembodi$4 ,x mu/ pre-exi/1 ?\ght ,ari/otle1 9 ord] to supply1 by way ( magic attraction1 a physical cause = p]petual movem5t 9 ! _w4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 9 ju/ice to ?is consummate philosoph]1 :o is n less ma/]ly 9 ! use ( k ?an unhappy 9 div9ation1 t ! trans=mation ( ! highe/ good into a physical p[] is m]ely incid5tal ) him1 & due to a want ( fai? 7at t "t excusable7 9 me*anism & evolution4 ,ari/otle's deity is always a moral ideal & e detail 9 its def9ition is bas$ on discrim9ation betwe5 ! bett] & ! worse4 ,no accommodation to ! ways ( nature is "h all[$ to cl\d ! k+dom ( heav52 ?is deity is n condemn$ to d :atev] happ5s nor to absorb :atev] exi/s4 ,x is my?ical only 9 its physical application2 9 moral philosophy x rema9s a legitimate conception4 ,tru? c]ta9ly exi/s1 if exi/5ce be n too mean an attribute = t et]nal realm :i* is t5ant$ by ideals2 b tru? is repugnant to physical or psy*ical be+4 ,moreov]1 tru? may v well be id5tifi$ ) an impassible intellect1 :i* %\ld d no?+ b possess all tru?1 ) no po9t ( view1 no animal w>m?1 & no transitive process4 ,su* an intellect & tru? are expressions hav+ a diff]5t metaphorical backgr\nd & connotation1 b1 :5 ?\ght out1 an id5tical import4 ,!y bo? attempt to evoke t ideal /&>d :i* human ?\ght proposes to itself4 ,?is function is _! effective ess5ce4 ,x insures _! et]nal fixity1 & ?is prop]ty surely end[s !m ) a v g5u9e & sublime reality4 ,:at is fanta/ic is only ! dynamic function attribut$ to !m by ,ari/otle1 :i* obliges !m to inhabit "s fabul\s ext5sion to ! physical _w4 ,ev5 ?is physical efficacy1 h[ev]1 is spiritualis$ z mu* z possible1 s9ce deity is said to move ! cosmos only z an object ( love or an object ( k may move ! m9d4 ,su* efficacy is imput$ to a hypo/asis$ end1 b evid5tly resides 9 fact 9 ! function+ & impulsive _s t conceives & pursues an ideal1 end[+ x ) :atev] attraction x may seem to h4 ,! absolute intellect describ$ by ,ari/otle rema9s1 !re=e1 z p]t95t to ! ,life ( ,reason z ,plato's idea ( ! good4 ,?\gh less compreh5sive 7= x ab/racts f all animal int]e/s1 f all passion & mortality71 x is m adequate & di/9ct 9 ! region x dom9ates4 ,x expresses sublimely ! goal ( speculative ?9k+2 :i* is none o!r ?an to live z mu* z may be 9 ! et]nal & to absorb & be absorb$ 9 ! tru?4 ,! re/ ( anci5t philosophy belongs to ! decad5ce & re/s 9 physics on eclecticism & 9 morals on despair4 ,t creative brea? :i* _h /irr$ ! f\nd]s & legislators ( ,greece no long] inspir$ _! desc5dants4 ,helpless to control ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 !y took refuge 9 ab/5tion or 9 con=mity1 & _! e?ics became a matt] ( private economy & s5tim5t1 no long] aspir+ to m\ld ! /ate or give any positive aim to exi/5ce4 ,! "t 0 approa*+ :5 bo? speculation & morals 7 to reg>d ! o!r _w2 reason _h abdicat$ ! ?rone1 & religion1 aft] t brief int]regnum1 resum$ x = long ages4 ,sid5ote3 ,transc5d5talism true b inconsequ5tial4 ,su* are ! ?reads :i* tradition puts into ! h&s ( an obs]v] :o at ! pres5t "t might attempt to knit ! ,life ( ,reason ideally toge!r4 ,! problem is to unite a tru/wor?y conception ( ! conditions "u :i* man lives ) an adequate conception ( 8 int]e/s4 ,bo? conceptions1 =tunately1 lie be=e u4 ,h]aclitus & ,democritus1 9 sy/ems easily se5 to be complem5t>y1 gave long ago a picture ( nature su* z all lat] obs]vation1 d[n to our own day1 has done no?+ b fill out & confirm4 ,psy*ology & physics /ill repeat _! ideas1 (t5 ) ri*] detail1 b nev] ) a m radical or prophetic glance4 ,nor does ! transc5d5tal philosophy1 9 spite ( its self-e/eem1 add any?+ ess5tial4 ,x 0 a ?+ tak5 = grant$ 9 anci5t & s*ola/ic philosophy t a be+ dwell+1 l man1 9 ! imm$iate1 ^: mom5ts are 9 flux1 ne$$ con/ructive reason to int]pret 8 exp]i5ce & pa9t 9 8 un/able consci\sness "s symbolic picture ( ! _w4 ,to h rev]t$ to ?is con/ructive process & /udi$ its /ages is an int]e/+ a*ievem5t2 b ! con/ruction is already made by common-s5se & sci5ce1 & x 0 vision>y insol5ce 9 ! ,g]mans to propose to make t con/ruction o!rwise4 ,retrospective self-consci\sness is de>ly b\ght if x inhibits ! intellect & emb>rasses ! inf]5ces :i*1 9 its spontane\s op]ation1 x has kn[n p]fectly h[ to make4 ,9 ! heat ( sci5tific !oris+ or dialectical argum5t x is sometimes salut>y to be rem9d$ t we are m5 ?9k+2 b1 aft] all1 x is no news4 ,we "k t life is a dream1 & h[ %\ld ?9k+ be m8 ,yet ! ?9k+ mu/ g on1 & ! only vital "q is to :at practical or poetic conceptions x is able to lead u4 ,sid5ote3 ,v]bal e?ics4 ,simil>ly ! ,socratic philosophy af=ds a noble & g5u9e acc\nt ( :at goods may be realis$ by liv+4 ,mod]n !ory has n done s mu* to help u "h1 h[ev]1 z x has 9 physics4 ,x seldom occurs to mod]n morali/s t !irs is ! sci5ce ( all good & ! art ( its atta9m5t2 !y ?9k only ( "s set ( categorical precepts or "s !ory ( moral s5tim5ts1 ab/ract+ altoge!r f ! ideals reign+ 9 society1 9 sci5ce1 & 9 art4 ,!y deal ) ! second>y "q ,:at ought ,i to d8 )\t hav+ answ]$ ! prim>y "q1 ,:at ought to be8 ,!y atta* morals to religion r ?an to politics1 & ?is religion unhappily long ago ceas$ to be wisdom express$ 9 fancy 9 ord] to become sup]/ition ov]laid ) reason+4 ,!y divide man into comp>tm5ts & ! less !y leave 9 ! "o labell$ 8morality0 ! m sublime !y ?9k _! morality is2 & sometimes p$antry & s*ola/icism are c>ri$ s f> t no?+ b an ab/ract s5se ( duty rema9s 9 ! broad region :i* %\ld conta9 all human goods4 ,sid5ote3 ,sp9oza & ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,su* trivial sanctimony 9 morals is d\btless due to artificial views ab\t ! conditions ( welf>e2 ! basis is laid 9 au?ority r ?an 9 human nature1 & ! goal 9 salvation r ?an 9 happ9ess4 ,"o great mod]n philosoph]1 h[ev]1 0 free f ^! preconceptions1 & might h recon/itut$ ! ,life ( ,reason _h he _h a suffici5t int]e/ 9 culture4 ,sp9oza br\ght man back into nature1 & made him ! nucleus ( all moral values1 %[+ h[ he may recognise 8 environm5t & h[ he may ma/] x4 ,b ,sp9oza's sympa?y ) mank9d fell %ort ( imag9ation2 any noble political or poetical ideal elud$ him4 ,ev]y?+ impassion$ seem$ to him insane1 ev]y?+ human necess>ily petty4 ,man 0 to be a pi\s tame animal1 ) ! />s %9+ above 8 head4 ,in/ead ( imag9ation ,sp9oza cultivat$ my/icism1 :i* is inde$ an alt]native4 ,a prophet 9 speculation1 he rema9$ a levite 9 s5tim5t4 ,little or no?+ w\ld ne$ to be *ang$ 9 8 sy/em if ! ,life ( ,reason1 9 its high] ranges1 7 to be graft$ ^u x2 b su* affiliation is n necess>y1 & x is r5d]$ unnatural by ! lack ( sweep & g5]osity 9 ,sp9oza's practical ideals4 ,sid5ote3 ,mod]n & classic s\rces ( inspiration4 ,= moral philosophy we are driv5 back1 !n1 ^u ! anci5ts2 b n1 ( c\rse1 = moral inspiration4 ,indu/rialism & democracy1 ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 ! ,r5aissance1 & ev5 ! ,ca?olic sy/em1 :i* 9 ! mid/ ( anci5t illusions en%r9es s mu* t5d]ness & wisdom1 /ill live 9 ! _w1 ?\gh =gott5 by philosoph]s1 & po9t unmi/akably t[>d _! sev]al goals4 ,our task is n to con/ruct b only to int]pret ideals1 confront+ !m ) "o ano!r & ) ! conditions :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 !y alike ignore4 ,!re is no ne$ ( refut+ any?+1 = ! w :i* is beh9d all ideals & beh9d mo/ dogmas _c itself be refut$2 b x may be enlight5$ & l$ to reconsid] its int5t1 :5 its satisfaction is se5 to be ei!r naturally impossible or inconsi/5t ) bett] ?+s4 ,! age ( controv]sy is pa/2 t ( int]pretation has succe$$4 ,"h1 !n1 is ! programme ( ! foll[+ "w3 ,/>t+ ) ! imm$iate flux1 9 :i* all objects & impulses are giv51 to describe ! ,life ( ,reason2 t is1 to note :at facts & purposes seem to be prim>y1 to %[ h[ ! conception ( nature & life ga!rs ar\nd !m1 & to po9t to ! ideals ( ?\ght & action :i* are approa*$ by ?is gradual ma/]+ ( exp]i5ce by reason4 ,a great task1 :i* x w\ld be beyond ! p[]s ( a writ] 9 ?is age ei!r to execute or to conceive1 _h n ! ,greeks drawn = u ! outl9es ( an ideal culture at a "t :5 life 0 simpl] ?an at pres5t & individual intellig5ce m resolute & free4 ,,reason ,,9 ,,common ,,s5se ,,*apt] ,i--,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,reason ,sid5ote3 ,exi/5ce always has an ,ord]1 call$ ,*aos :5 incompatible ) a *os5 good4 ,:e!r ,*aos or ,ord] lay at ! beg9n+ ( ?+s is a "q once mu* debat$ 9 ! s*ools b aft]w>d long 9 abeyance1 n s mu* because x _h be5 solv$ z because "o p>ty _h be5 sil5c$ by social pressure4 ,! "q is b\nd to recur 9 an age :5 obs]vation & dialectic aga9 freely confront ea* o!r4 ,naturali/s look back to *aos s9ce !y obs]ve ev]y?+ gr[+ f se$s & %ift+ its "* 9 reg5]ation4 ,! ord] n[ e/abli%$ 9 ! _w may be trac$ back to a situation 9 :i* x did n appe>4 ,dialecticians1 on ! o!r h&1 refute ?is presumption by urg+ t e collocation ( ?+s mu/ h be5 prec$$ by ano!r collocation 9 itself no less def9ite & precise2 & fur!r t "s pr9ciple ( transition or cont9uity mu/ always h obta9$1 else successive /ates w\ld /& 9 no relation to "o ano!r1 notably n 9 ! relation ( cause & effect1 express$ 9 a natural law1 :i* is presuppos$ 9 ?is in/ance4 ,pot5tialities are dispositions1 & a disposition involves an ord]1 z does also ! passage f any specific pot5tiality into act4 ,?us ! _w1 we are told1 mu/ always h possess$ a /ructure4 ,! two views may p]haps be reconcil$ if we take ea* ) a qualification4 ,*aos d\btless has exi/$ & w return--nay1 x reigns n[1 v likely1 9 ! remot] & inmo/ p>ts ( ! univ]se--if by *aos we und]/& a nature conta9+ none ( ! objects we are wont to di/+ui%1 a nature su* t human life & human ?\ght w\ld be impossible 9 its bosom2 b ?is nature mu/ be presum$ to h an ord]1 an ord] directly import+1 if ! t5d5cy ( its movem5t be tak5 into acc\nt1 all ! complexities & beauties1 all ! s5se & reason :i* exi/ n[4 ,ord] is accord+ly cont9ual2 b only :5 ord] means n a specific arrangem5t1 fav\rable to a giv5 =m ( life1 b any arrangem5t :atsoev]4 ,! process by :i* an arrangem5t :i* is ess5tially un/able gradually %ifts _c be said to aim at e /age :i* at any mom5t x involves4 ,= ! process passes beyond4 ,x pres5tly aboli%es all ! =ms :i* may h arre/$ att5tion & g5]at$ love2 its initial en]gy defeats e purpose :i* we may fondly attribute to x4 ,nor is x "h necess>y to rem9d ourselves t to call results _! own causes is always prepo/]\s2 = 9 ?is case ev5 ! my?ical s5se :i* might be atta*$ to su* language is inapplicable4 ,"h ! process1 tak5 9 ! gross1 does n1 ev5 by me*anical necessity1 support ! value :i* is suppos$ to guide x4 ,t value is realis$ = a mom5t only2 s t if we impute to ,cronos any int5t to beget 8 *ildr5 we mu/ also impute to him an int5t to dev\r !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,absolute ord]1 or tru?1 is /atic1 impot5t1 indiff]5t4 ,( c\rse ! v>i\s /ates ( ! _w1 :5 we survey !m retrospectively1 con/itute ano!r & n[ /atic ord] call$ hi/oric tru?4 ,to ?is absolute & impot5t ord] e detail is ess5tial4 ,if we wi%$ to abuse language s mu* z to speak ( w 9 an 8,absolute0 :]e *ange is exclud$1 s t no?+ c be or be conceiv$ beyond x1 we might say t ! ,absolute will$ ev]y?+ t ev] exi/s1 & t ! et]nal ord] t]m9at$ 9 e fact indiscrim9ately2 b su* language involves an aft]-image ( motion & life1 ( prep>ation1 risk1 & subsequ5t accompli%m5t1 adv5tures all pre-suppos+ refractory mat]ials & exclud$ f et]nal tru? by its v ess5ce4 ,! only function ^? traditional metaphors h is to %ield confusion & s5tim5tality4 ,because ,jehovah once f\ght = ! ,jews1 we ne$ n cont9ue to say t ! tru? is solicit\s ab\t u1 :5 x is only we t are fight+ to atta9 x4 ,! univ]se c wi% p>ticul> ?+s only 9 s f> z p>ticul> be+s wi% !m2 only 9 its relative capacity c x f9d ?+s good1 & only 9 its relative capacity c x be good = any?+4 ,! efficaci\s or physical ord] :i* exi/s at any mom5t 9 ! _w & out ( :i* ! next mom5t's ord] is develop$1 may accord+ly be t]m$ a relative *aos3 a *aos1 because ! values sugge/$ & support$ by ! second mom5t c\ld n h belong$ to ! fir/2 b m]ely a relative *aos1 fir/ because x probably c>ri$ values ( its own :i* r5d]$ x an ord] 9 a moral & eulogi/ic s5se1 & secondly because x 0 pot5tially1 by virtue ( its mom5tum1 a basis = ! second mom5t's values z well4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 exp]i5ce ord] is relative to int]e/s1 :i* det]m9e ! moral /atus ( all p[]s4 ,human life1 :5 x beg9s to possess intr9sic value1 is an incipi5t ord] 9 ! mid/ ( :at seems a va/ ?\gh1 to "s ext5t1 a vani%+ *aos4 ,?is reput$ *aos c be deciph]$ & appreciat$ by man only 9 proportion z ! ord] 9 himself is confirm$ & ext5d$4 ,= man's consci\sness is evid5tly practical2 x cl+s to 8 fate1 regi/]s1 s to speak1 ! high] & l[] temp]ature ( 8 =tunes1 &1 s f> z x c1 repres5ts ! ag5cies on :i* ^? =tunes dep5d4 ,:5 ?is dramatic vocation ( consci\sness has n be5 fulfill$ at all1 consci\sness is :olly confus$2 ! _w x envisages seems consequ5tly a *aos4 ,lat]1 if exp]i5ce has fall5 into %ape1 & !re are settl$ categories & con/ant objects 9 human disc\rse1 ! inf]5ce is drawn t ! orig9al disposition ( ?+s 0 also ord]ly & inde$ me*anically conducive to j ^? feats ( in/9ct & intellig5ce :i* h be5 s9ce accompli%$4 ,a !ory ( orig9s1 ( sub/ance1 & ( natural laws may ?us be fram$ & accept$1 & may receive confirmation 9 ! fur!r m>* ( ev5ts4 ,x w be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t :at is cr$ibly ass]t$ ab\t ! pa/ is n a report :i* ! pa/ 0 itself able to make :5 x exi/$ nor "o x is n[ able1 9 "s oracul> fa%ion1 to =mulate & to impose ^u u4 ,! report is a rational con/ruction bas$ & seat$ 9 pres5t exp]i5ce2 x has no cog5cy = ! inatt5tive & no exi/5ce = ! ignorant4 ,al?\gh ! univ]se1 !n1 may n h come f *aos1 human exp]i5ce c]ta9ly has begun 9 a private & dreamful *aos ( its own1 out ( :i* x /ill only p>tially & mom5t>ily em]ges4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is awak5+ is ( c\rse n ! same z t ( ! environ+ _w ultimately discov]$2 x is ! hi/ory1 h[ev]1 ( t discov]y itself1 ( ! k ?r\gh :i* alone ! _w c be reveal$4 ,we may accord+ly disp5se ourselves f prelim9>y c\rtesies to ! real univ]sal ord]1 nature1 ! absolute1 & ! gods4 ,we %all make _! acqua9tance 9 due season & bett] appreciate _! moral /atus1 if we /rive m]ely to recall our own exp]i5ce1 & to retrace ! visions & reflections out ( :i* ^? app>itions h gr[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,! discov]$ conditions ( reason n its beg9n+4 ,to rev]t to primordial feel+ is an ex]cise 9 m5tal dis9tegration1 n a feat ( sci5ce4 ,we might1 inde$1 z 9 animal psy*ology1 retrace ! situations 9 :i* in/9ct & s5se seem fir/ to appe> & write1 z x 71 a g5ealogy ( reason bas$ on circum/antial evid5ce4 ,reason 0 born1 z x has s9ce discov]$1 into a _w already wond]fully organis$1 9 :i* x f\nd its precursor 9 :at is call$ life1 its seat 9 an animal body ( unusual pla/icity1 & its function 9 r5d]+ t body's volatile in/9cts & s5sations h>moni\s ) "o ano!r & ) ! out] _w on :i* !y dep5d4 ,x did n arise until ! w or consci\s /ress1 by :i* any modification ( liv+ bodies' in]tia seems to be accompani$1 began to respond to repres5t$ objects1 & to ma9ta9 t in]tia n absolutely by resi/ance b only relatively & indirectly ?r\gh lab\r4 ,reason has ?us sup]v5$ at ! la/ /age ( an adaptation :i* _h long be5 c>ri$ on by irrational & ev5 unconsci\s processes4 ,nature prec$$1 ) all t fixation ( impulses & conditions :i* gives reason its tasks & its po9t-d'appui4 ,nev]!less1 su* a matrix or cradle = reason belongs only ext]nally to its life4 ,! description ( conditions involves _! previ\s discov]y & a hi/orian equipp$ ) _m data & _m analogies ( ?\ght4 ,su* sci5tific res\rces are abs5t 9 ^? fir/ mom5ts ( rational liv+ :i* we "h wi% to recall2 ! fir/ *apt] 9 reason's memoirs w\ld no m entail ! description ( its real environm5t ?an ! fir/ *apt] 9 human hi/ory w\ld include true acc\nts ( a/ronomy1 psy*ology1 & animal evolution4 ,sid5ote3 ,! flux fir/4 ,9 ord] to beg9 at ! beg9n+ we mu/ try to fall back on un9t]pret$ feel+1 z ! my/ics aspire to d4 ,we ne$ n expect1 h[ev]1 to f9d peace !re1 = ! imm$iate is 9 flux4 ,pure feel+ rejoices 9 a logical non5tity v deceptive to dialectical m9ds4 ,!y (t5 ?9k1 :5 !y fall back on elem5ts necess>ily indescribable1 t !y h come ^u true no?+ness4 ,if !y are my/ics1 di/ru/+ ?\ght & crav+ ! l>g5ess ( indi/9ction1 !y may embrace ?is alleg$ no?+ness ) joy1 ev5 if x seem positively pa9ful1 hop+ to f9d re/ !re ?r\gh self-abnegation4 ,if on ! contr>y !y are rationali/s !y may reject ! imm$iate ) scorn & d5y t x exi/s at all1 s9ce 9 _! books !y _c def9e x satisfactorily4 ,bo? my/ics & rationali/s1 h[ev]1 are deceiv$ by _! m5tal agility2 ! imm$iate exi/s1 ev5 if dialectic _c expla9 x4 ,:at ! rationali/ calls non5tity is ! sub/rate & locus ( all ideas1 hav+ ! ob/9ate reality ( matt]1 ! cru%+ irrationality ( exi/5ce itself2 & "o :o attempts to ov]ride x becomes to t ext5t an irrelevant rhapsodi/1 deal+ ) ?9 aft]-images ( be+4 ,nor has ! my/ic :o s9ks into ! imm$iate mu* bett] appreciat$ ! situation4 ,?is imm$iate is n ,god b *aos2 its no?+ness is pregnant1 re/less1 & bruti%2 x is t f :i* all ?+s em]ge 9 s f> z !y h any p]man5ce or value1 s t to lapse into x aga9 is a dull suicide & no salvation4 ,peace1 :i* is aft] all :at ! my/ic seeks1 lies n 9 indi/9ction b 9 p]fection4 ,if he rea*es x 9 a measure himself1 x is by ! traditional discipl9e he /ill practises1 n by 8 heats or 8 languors4 ,! se$-b$ ( reason lies1 !n1 9 ! imm$iate1 b :at reason draws !nce is mom5tum & p[] to rise above its s\rce4 ,x is ! p]turb$ imm$iate itself t f9ds or at lea/ seeks its peace 9 reason1 ?r\gh :i* x comes 9 sight ( "s sort ( ideal p]man5ce4 ,:5 ! flux manages to =m an eddy & to ma9ta9 by brea?+ & nutrition :at we call a life1 x af=ds "s slight foo?old & object = ?\ght & becomes 9 a measure l ! ark 9 ! des]t1 a mov+ habitation = ! et]nal4 ,sid5ote3 ,life ! fixation ( int]e/s4 ,life beg9s to h "s value & cont9uity s soon z !re is some?+ def9ite t lives & some?+ def9ite to live =4 ,! primacy ( w1 z ,fi*te & ,s*op5hau] conceiv$ x1 is a my?ical way ( designat+ ?is situation4 ,( c\rse a w c h no be+ 9 ! abs5ce ( realities or ideas m>k+ its direction & contra/+ ! ev5tualities x seeks ) ^? x flies f2 & t5d5cy1 no less ?an movem5t1 ne$s an organis$ m$ium to make x possible1 :ile aspiration & fe> involve an ideal _w4 ,yet a pr9ciple ( *oice is n d$ucible f m]e ideas1 & no int]e/ is involv$ 9 ! =mal relations ( ?+s4 ,all survey ne$s an arbitr>y />t+-po9t2 all valuation re/s on an irrational bias4 ,! absolute flux _c be physically arre/$2 b :at arre/s x ideally is ! fix+ ( "s po9t 9 x f :i* x c be measur$ & illum9$4 ,o!rwise x c\ld %[ no =m & ma9ta9 no pref]5ce2 x w\ld be impossible to approa* or rec$e f a repres5t$ /ate1 & to suff] or to ex]t w 9 view ( ev5ts4 ,! irrational fate t lodges ! transc5d5tal self 9 ?is or t body1 inspires x ) def9ite passions1 & subjects x to p>ticul> buffets f ! out] _w--?is is ! prime condition ( all obs]vation & inf]5ce1 ( all failure or success4 ,sid5ote3 ,prim>y dualities4 ,^? s5sations 9 :i* a transition is conta9$ ne$ only analysis to yield two ideal & relat$ t]ms--two po9ts 9 space or two *>act]s 9 feel+4 ,hot & cold1 "h & !re1 good & bad1 n[ & !n1 are dyads t spr+ into be+ :5 ! flux acc5tuates "s t]m & s makes possible a discrim9ation ( p>ts & directions 9 its own movem5t4 ,an initial attitude su/a9s incipi5t int]e/s4 ,:at we fir/ discov] 9 ourselves1 be=e ! influ5ce we obey has giv5 rise to any def9ite idea1 is ! work+ ( in/9cts already 9 motion4 ,impulses to appropriate & to reject fir/ tea* u ! po9ts ( ! compass1 & space itself1 l *>ity1 beg9s at home4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ grop+s4 ,in/9ct ! nucleus ( reason4 ,! guide 9 e>ly s5su\s education is ! same t conducts ! :ole ,life ( ,reason1 namely1 impulse *eck$ by exp]im5t1 & exp]im5t judg$ aga9 by impulse4 ,:at tea*es ! *ild to di/+ui% ! nurse's brea/ f sundry blank or disquiet+ pres5ces8 ,:at induces him to arre/ t image1 to m>k its associates1 & to recognise !m ) alacrity8 ,! discom=t ( its abs5ce & ! com=t ( its possession4 ,to t image is atta*$ ! *ief satisfaction he kn[s1 & ! =ce ( t satisfaction dis5tangles x be=e all o!r images f ! feeble & fluid cont9uum ( 8 life4 ,:at fir/ awak5s 9 him a s5se ( reality is :at fir/ is able to appease 8 unre/4 ,_h ! gr\p ( feel+s1 n[ weld$ toge!r 9 fruition1 f\nd no in/9ct 9 him to awak5 & become a signal =1 ! gr\p w\ld nev] h p]si/$2 its loose elem5ts w\ld h be5 all[$ to pass by unnotic$ & w\ld n h be5 recognis$ :5 !y recurr$4 ,exp]i5ce w\ld h rema9$ absolute inexp]i5ce1 z fooli%ly p]petual z ! gurgl+s ( riv]s or ! flick]+s ( sunlight 9 a grove4 ,b an in/9ct 0 actually pres5t1 s =m$ z to be ar\s$ by a det]m9ate /imulus2 & ! image produc$ by t /imulus1 :5 x came1 c\ld h 9 consequ5ce a mean+ & an individuality4 ,x seem$ by div9e "r to signify some?+ int]e/+1 some?+ real1 because by natural contiguity x fl[$ f some?+ p]t95t & important to life4 ,e accompany+ s5sation :i* %>$ t privilege1 or 9 "t 0 engross$ 9 t function1 w\ld ultimately become a "p ( t conceiv$ reality1 a quality ( t ?+4 ,! same primacy ( impulses1 irrational 9 !mselves b expressive ( bodily functions1 is obs]vable 9 ! behavi\r ( animals1 & 9 ^? dreams1 obsessions1 & prim>y passions :i* 9 ! mid/ ( sophi/icat$ life sometimes lay b>e ! obscure gr\ndwork ( human nature4 ,reason's "w is !re undone4 ,we c obs]ve sporadic gr[?s1 disjo9t$ fragm5ts ( rationality1 spr++ up 9 a moral wild]ness4 ,9 ! passion ( love1 = in/ance1 a cause unkn[n to ! suff]]1 b :i* is d\btless ! spr+-flood ( h]$it>y in/9cts accid5tally let loose1 sudd5ly *ecks ! "y man's gayety1 dispels 8 r&om curiosity1 arre/s p]haps 8 v brea?2 & :5 he looks = a cause to expla9 8 susp5d$ faculties1 he c f9d x only 9 ! pres5ce or image ( ano!r be+1 ( ^: "*1 possibly1 he kn[s no?+ & ^: beauty may n be rem>kable2 yet t image pursues him ev]y:]e1 & he is dom9at$ by an unaccu/om$ tragic e>ne/ness & a new capacity = suff]+ & joy4 ,if ! passion be /rong !re is no previ\s int]e/ or duty t w be rememb]$ be=e x2 if x be la/+ ! :ole life may be reorganis$ by x2 x may impose new habits1 o!r mann]s1 & ano!r religion4 ,yet :at is ! root ( all ?is idealism8 ,an irrational in/9ct1 normally int]mitt5t1 su* z all dumb creatures %>e1 :i* has "h manag$ to dom9ate a human s\l & to enli/ all ! m5tal p[]s 9 its m or less p]man5t s]vice1 upsett+ _! usual equilibrium4 ,?is madness1 h[ev]1 inspires me?od2 & = ! fir/ "t1 p]haps1 9 8 life1 ! man has some?+ to live =4 ,! bl9d aff9ity t l a magnet draws all ! faculties ar\nd x1 9 s unit+ !m1 suffuses !m ) an unwont$ spiritual light4 ,sid5ote3 ,bett] & worse ! fundam5tal categories4 ,"h1 on a small scale & on a prec>i\s f\ndation1 we may see cle>ly illu/rat$ & =e%ad[$ t ,life ( ,reason :i* is simply ! unity giv5 to all exi/5ce by a m9d 9 love ) ! good4 ,9 ! high] rea*es ( human nature1 z mu* z 9 ! l[]1 rationality dep5ds on di/+ui%+ ! excell5t2 & t di/9ction c be made1 9 ! la/ analysis1 only by an irrational impulse4 ,z life is a bett] =m giv5 to =ce1 by :i* ! univ]sal flux is subdu$ to create & s]ve a some:at p]man5t int]e/1 s reason is a bett] =m giv5 to int]e/ itself1 by :i* x is =tifi$ & propagat$1 & ultimately1 p]haps1 assur$ ( satisfaction4 ,! sub/ance to :i* ?is =m is giv5 rema9s irrational2 s t rationality1 l all excell5ce1 is some?+ second>y & relative1 requir+ a natural be+ to possess or to impute x4 ,:5 def9ite int]e/s are recognis$ & ! values ( ?+s are e/imat$ by t /&>d1 action at ! same "t ve]+ 9 h>mony ) t e/imation1 !n reason has be5 born & a moral _w has aris54 ,,*apt] ,,ii--,,fir/ ,,/eps ,,& ,,fir/ ,,fluctuations ,sid5ote3 ,dreams be=e ?\ghts4 ,consci\sness is a born h]mit4 ,?\gh subject1 by div9e disp5sation1 to spells ( f]v\r & apa?y1 l a s++ bird1 x is at fir/ q unconc]n$ ab\t its own conditions or ma9t5ance4 ,to acquire a notion ( su* matt]s1 or an int]e/ 9 !m1 x w\ld h to lose its he>ty simplicity & beg9 to reflect2 x w\ld h to =get ! pres5t ) its in/ant joys 9 ord] labori\sly to conceive ! abs5t & ! hypo!tical4 ,! body may be said to make = self-pres]vation1 s9ce x has an organic equilibrium :i*1 :5 n too rudely di/urb$1 re/ores itself by gr[? & co-op]ative action2 b no su* pr9ciple appe>s 9 ! s\l4 ,fooli% 9 ! beg9n+ & g5]\s 9 ! end1 consci\sness ?9ks ( no?+ s little z ( its own int]e/s4 ,x is lo/ 9 its objects2 nor w\ld x ev] acquire ev5 an indirect conc]n 9 its future1 did n love ( ?+s ext]nal atta* x to _! =tunes4 ,atta*m5t to ideal t]ms is inde$ :at gives consci\sness its cont9uity2 its p>ts h no relevance or relation to "o ano!r save :at !y acquire by dep5d+ on ! same body or repres5t+ ! same objects4 ,ev5 :5 consci\sness gr[s sophi/icat$ & ?9ks x c>es = itself1 x really c>es only = its ideals2 ! _w x pictures seems to x beautiful1 & x may incid5tally prize itself also1 :5 x has come to reg>d itself z a "p ( t _w4 ,initially1 h[ev]1 x is free ev5 f t hone/ selfi%ness2 x looks /raight out2 x is int]e/$ 9 ! movem5ts x obs]ves2 x swells ) ! repres5t$ _w1 suff]s ) its commotion1 & subsides1 no less will+ly1 9 its int]ludes ( calm4 ,natural hi/ory & psy*ology arrive at consci\sness f ! outside1 & consequ5tly give x an artificial articulation & rationality :i* are :olly ali5 to its ess5ce4 ,^! sci5ces inf] feel+ f habit or expression2 s t only ! expressible & practical aspects ( feel+ figure 9 _! calculation4 ,b ^! aspects are really p]iph]al2 ! core is an irresponsible1 ungov]n$1 irrevocable dream4 ,psy*ologi/s h discuss$ p]ception ad nauseam & become horribly entangl$ 9 a comb9$ idealism & physiology2 = !y mu/ p]=ce approa* ! subject f ! side ( matt]1 s9ce all sci5ce & all evid5ce is ext]nal2 nor c\ld !y ev] rea* consci\sness at all if !y did n obs]ve its occasions & !n int]pret ^? occasions dramatically4 ,at ! same "t1 ! inf]r$ m9d !y subject to exam9ation w yield no?+ b ideas1 & x is a m>vel h[ su* a dream c reg>d ^? natural objects f :i* ! psy*ologi/ has inf]r$ x4 ,p]ception is 9 fact no prim>y phase ( consci\sness2 x is an ult]ior practical function acquir$ by a dream :i* has become symbolic ( its conditions1 & !re=e relevant to its own de/9y4 ,su* relevance & symbolism are indirect & sl[ly acquir$2 _! /atus _c be und]/ood unless we reg>d !m z =ms ( imag9ation happily gr[n significant4 ,9 imag9ation1 n 9 p]ception1 lies ! sub/ance ( exp]i5ce1 :ile k & reason are b its *a/5$ & ultimate =m4 ,sid5ote3 ,! m9d vegetates uncontroll$ save by physical =ces4 ,e actual animal is some:at dull & some:at mad4 ,he w at times miss 8 signals & />e vacantly :5 he might well act1 :ile at o!r times he w run (f into convulsions & raise a du/ 9 8 own bra9 to no purpose4 ,^! imp]fections are s human t we %\ld h>dly recognise ourselves if we c\ld %ake !m (f altoge!r4 ,n to reta9 any dulness w\ld mean to possess untir+ att5tion & univ]sal int]e/s1 ?us realis+ ! boa/ ab\t deem+ no?+ human ali5 to u2 :ile to be absolutely )\t folly w\ld involve p]fect self-k & self-control4 ,! intellig5t man kn[n to hi/ory n\ri%es )9 a dull>d & holds a lunatic 9 lea%4 ,he is encas$ 9 a protective %ell ( ignorance & ins5sibility :i* keeps him f be+ exhau/$ & confus$ by ?is too complicat$ _w2 b t integum5t bl9ds him at ! same "t to _m ( 8 ne>e/ & highe/ int]e/s4 ,he is amus$ by ! antics ( ! brute dream+ )9 8 brea/2 he gloats on 8 passionate rev]ies1 an amusem5t :i* sometimes co/s him v de>4 ,?us ! be/ human intellig5ce is /ill decid$ly b>b>\s2 x fights 9 heavy arm\r & keeps a fool at c\rt4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]nal ord] sup]v5es4 ,if consci\sness c\ld ev] h ! function ( guid+ conduct bett] ?an in/9ct c1 9 ! beg9n+ x w\ld be mo/ incompet5t = t (fice4 ,only ! r\t9e & equilibrium :i* heal?y in/9ct involves keep ?\ght & w at all )9 ! limits ( sanity4 ,! pr$et]m9$ int]e/s we h z animals =tunately focus our att5tion on practical ?+s1 pull+ x back1 l a ball ) an ela/ic cord1 )9 ! radius ( p]t95t matt]s4 ,in/9ct alone compels u to neglect & seldom to recall ! irrelevant inf9ity ( ideas4 ,philosoph]s h sometimes said t all ideas come f exp]i5ce2 !y nev] c\ld h be5 poets & mu/ h =gott5 t !y 7 ev] *ildr54 ,! great difficulty 9 education is to get exp]i5ce out ( ideas4 ,%ame1 consci5ce1 & reason cont9ually disall[ & ignore :at consci\sness pres5ts2 & :at are !y b habit & lat5t in/9ct ass]t+ !mselves & =c+ u to disreg>d our midsumm] madness8 ,idiocy & lunacy are m]ely rev]sions to a condition 9 :i* pres5t consci\sness is 9 ! asc5dant & has escap$ ! control ( unconsci\s =ces4 ,we speak ( p be+ 8out ( _! s5ses10 :5 !y h 9 fact fall5 back into !m2 or ( ^? :o h 8lo/ _! m9d10 :5 !y h lo/ m]ely t habitual control ov] consci\sness :i* prev5t$ x f fl>+ into all sorts ( obsessions & agonies4 ,_! bodies hav+ become d]ang$1 _! m9ds1 f> f correct+ t d]angem5t1 in/antly %>e & betray x4 ,a dream is always simm]+ bel[ ! conv5tional surface ( spee* & reflection4 ,ev5 9 ! highe/ rea*es & s]5e/ m$itations ( sci5ce x sometimes breaks ?r\gh4 ,ev5 !re we are seldom con/ant en\gh to conceive a truly natural _w2 some:]e passionate1 fanciful1 or magic elem5ts w slip into ! s*eme & baffle rational ambition4 ,a body s]i\sly out ( equilibrium1 ei!r ) itself or ) its environm5t1 p]i%es outright4 ,n s a m9d4 ,madness & suff]+ c set !mselves no limit2 !y lapse only :5 ! corporeal frame t su/a9s !m yields to circum/ances & *anges its habit4 ,if !y are un/able at all1 x is because !y ord9>ily correspond to /ra9s & conjunctions :i* a vigor\s body ov]comes1 or :i* dissolve ! body altoge!r4 ,a pa9 n incid5tal to ! play ( practical in/9cts may easily be recurr5t1 & x might be p]petual if ev5 ! wor/ habits 7 n int]mitt5t & ! mo/ useless agitations exhau/+4 ,"s respite w !re=e ensue ^u pa91 b no magic cure4 ,madness1 9 l mann]1 if pron\nc$1 is prec>i\s1 b :5 speculative en\gh to be h>mless or n /rong en\gh to be debilitat+1 x too may la/ = ev]4 ,an imag9ative life may !re=e exi/ p>asitically 9 a man1 h>dly t\*+ 8 action or environm5t4 ,!re is no possibility ( exorcis+ ^! app>itions by _! own p[]4 ,a nightm>e does n dispel itself2 x endures until ! organic /ra9 :i* caus$ x is relax$ ei!r by natural exhau/ion or by "s ext]nal influ5ce4 ,!re=e human ideas are /ill = ! mo/ "p s5su\s & trivial1 %ift+ ) ! *ance curr5ts ( ! bra91 & repres5t+ no?+1 s to speak1 b p]sonal temp]ature4 ,p]sonal temp]ature1 moreov]1 is sometimes tropical4 ,!re are bra9s l a ,s\? ,am]ican jungle1 z !re are o!rs l an ,arabian des]t1 /rewn ) no?+ b bones4 ,:ile a passionate sultr9ess prevails 9 ! m9d !re is no end to its luxuriance4 ,languages intricately articulate1 flam+ my?ologies1 metaphysical p]spectives lo/ 9 inf9ity1 arise 9 rem>kable pr(usion4 ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 !re comes a *ange ( climate & ! :ole =e/ disappe>s4 ,x is easy1 f ! /&-po9t ( acquir$ practical compet5ce1 to d]ide a m]ely imag9ative life4 ,d]ision1 h[ev]1 is n int]pretation1 & ! bett] me?od ( ov]com+ erratic ideas is to trace !m out dialectically & see if !y w n recognise _! own fatuity4 ,! mo/ irresponsible vision has c]ta9 pr9ciples ( ord] & valuation by :i* x e/imates itself2 & 9 ^! pr9ciples ! ,life ( ,reason is already broa*$1 h[ev] halt+ may be its developm5t4 ,we %\ld lead ourselves out ( our dream1 z ! ,israelites 7 l$ out ( ,egypt1 by ! promise & eloqu5ce ( t dream itself4 ,o!rwise we might kill ! goose t lays ! gold5 egg1 & by proscrib+ imag9ation aboli% sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,intr9sic pleasure 9 exi/5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,pleasure a good1 ,vision>y exp]i5ce has a fir/ value 9 its possible pleasantness4 ,:y any =m ( feel+ %\ld be delightful is n to be expla9$ transc5d5tally3 a physiological law may1 aft] ! fact1 r5d] e in/ance pr$ictable2 b no logical aff9ity betwe5 ! =mal quality ( an exp]i5ce & ! impulse to welcome x w !reby be disclos$4 ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 t pleasure suffuses c]ta9 /ates ( m9d & pa9 o!rs2 :i* is ano!r way ( say+ t1 = no reason1 we love ! fir/ & dete/ ! second4 ,! polemic :i* c]ta9 morali/s h wag$ aga9/ pleasure & 9 fav\r ( pa9 is intelligible :5 we rememb] t _! *ief int]e/ is edification1 & t ability to resi/ pleasure & pa9 alike is a valuable virtue 9 a _w :]e action & r5unciation are ! tw9 keys to happ9ess4 ,b to d5y t pleasure is a good & pa9 an evil is a grotesque affectation3 x am\nts to giv+ 8good0 & 8evil0 artificial def9itions & !reby r$uc+ e?ics to arbitr>y v]biage4 ,n only is good t adh]5ce ( ! w to exp]i5ce ( :i* pleasure is ! basal example1 & evil ! correspond+ rejection :i* is ! v ess5ce ( pa91 b :5 we pass f good & evil 9 s5se to _! highe/ embodim5ts1 pleasure rema9s eligible & pa9 some?+ :i* x is a duty to prev5t4 ,a man :o )\t necessity depriv$ any p]son ( a pleasure or impos$ on him a pa91 w\ld be a contemptible knave1 & ! p]son s injur$ w\ld be ! fir/ to decl>e x1 nor c\ld ! highe/ cele/ial tribunal1 if x 0 j1 rev]se t s5t5ce4 ,= x suffices t "o be+1 h[ev] weak1 loves or abhors any?+1 no matt] h[ slightly1 = t ?+ to acquire a proportionate value :i* no *orus ( contradiction r++ ?r\gh all ! sph]es c ev] :olly aboli%4 ,an exp]i5ce good or bad 9 itself rema9s s = ev]1 & its inclusion 9 a m g5]al ord] ( ?+s c only *ange t totality proportionately to ! +r$i5t absorb$1 :i* w infect ! mass1 s f> z x goes1 ) its own col\r4 ,! m pleasure a univ]se c yield1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! m b5efic5t & g5]\s is its g5]al nature2 ! m pa9s its con/itution involves1 ! d>k] & m malign is its total temp]4 ,to d5y ?is w\ld seem impossible1 yet x is done daily2 = !re is no?+ p w n ma9ta9 :5 !y are slaves to sup]/ition2 & c&\r & a s5se ( ju/ice are1 9 su* a case1 ! fir/ ?+s lo/4 ,sid5ote3 b n pursu$ or rememb]$ unless x suffuses an object4 ,pleasures diff] s5sibly 9 int5sity2 b ! int5se/ pleasures are (t5 ! bl9de/1 & x is h>d to recall or e/imate a feel+ ) :i* no def9ite & complex object is conjo9$4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 mak+ pleasure intelligible & capable ( be+ pursu$ is to make x pleasure 9 some?+4 ,! object x suffuses acquires a value1 & gives ! pleasure itself a place 9 rational life4 ,! pleasure c n[ be nam$1 its v>iations /udi$ 9 ref]5ce to *anges 9 its object1 & its com+s & go+s =ese5 9 ! ord] ( ev5ts4 ,! m articulate ! _w t produces emotion ! m controllable & recov]able is ! emotion itself4 ,!re=e div]sity & ord] 9 ideas makes ! life ( pleasure ri*] & easi] to lead4 ,a volum9\s dumb pleasure might inde$ outweigh ! pleasure spread ?9 ov] a multitude ( tame p]ceptions1 if we c\ld only weigh ! two 9 "o scale2 b to d s is impossible1 & 9 memory & prospect1 if n 9 exp]i5ce1 div]sifi$ pleasure mu/ ne$s c>ry ! day4 ,sid5ote3 ,subhuman delights4 ,"h we come ^u a crisis 9 human developm5t :i* %[s cle>ly h[ mu* ! ,life ( ,reason is a natural ?+1 a gr[? t a diff]5t c\rse ( ev5ts might well h exclud$4 ,laplace is report$ to h said on 8 dea?-b$ t sci5ce 0 m]e trifl+ & t no?+ 0 real b love4 ,love1 = su* a man1 d\btless involv$ objects & ideas3 x 0 love ( p]sons4 ,! same revulsion ( feel+ may1 h[ev]1 be c>ri$ fur!r4 ,lucretius says t passion is a torm5t because its pleasures are n pure1 t is1 because !y are m+l$ ) long+ & entangl$ 9 vexati\s ?+s4 ,pure pleasure w\ld be )\t ideas4 ,_m a man has f\nd 9 "s mom5t ( 8 life an unutt]able joy :i* made all ! re/ ( x seem a f>ce1 z if a corpse %\ld play x 0 liv+4 ,my/ics habitually look b5ea? ! ,life ( ,reason = ! sub/ance & inf9ity ( happ9ess4 ,9 all ^! revulsions1 & _m o!rs1 !re is a c]ta9 ju/ification1 inasmu* z sy/ematic liv+ is aft] all an exp]im5t1 z is ! =mation ( animal bodies1 & ! inorganic pulp out ( :i* ^! gr[?s h come may v likely h _h its own incommunicable values1 its absolute ?rills1 :i* we va9ly try to rememb] & to :i*1 9 mom5ts ( dissolution1 we may half rev]t4 ,protoplasmic pleasures & /ra9s may be ! sub/ance ( consci\sness2 & z matt] seeks its own level1 & z ! sea & ! flat wa/e to :i* all du/ returns h a c]ta9 primordial life & a c]ta9 sublimity1 s all passions & ideas1 :5 sp5t1 may rejo9 ! basal note ( feel+1 & enl>ge _! volume z !y lose _! =m4 ,?is loss ( =m may n be unwelcome1 if x is ! =mless t1 by anticipation1 speaks ?r\gh :at is surr5d]+ its be+4 ,?\gh to acquire or imp>t =m is delightful 9 art1 9 ?\ght1 9 g5]ation1 9 gov]nm5t1 yet a eu?anasia ( f9itude is also kn[n4 ,all is n affectation 9 ! poet :o says1 8,n[ m ?an ev] seems x ri* to die02 &1 )\t any poetry or affectation1 m5 may love sleep1 & opiates1 & e luxuri\s escape f humanity4 ,! /ep by :i* pleasure & pa9 are atta*$ to ideas1 s z to be pr$ictable & to become factors 9 action1 is !re=e by no means irrevocable4 ,x is a /ep1 h[ev]1 9 ! direction ( reason2 & ?\gh reason's pa? is only "o ( innum]able c\rses p]haps op5 to exi/5ce1 x is ! only "o t we are trac+ "h2 ! only "o1 obvi\sly1 :i* human disc\rse is compet5t to trace4 ,sid5ote3 ,animal liv+4 ,:5 consci\sness beg9s to add div]sity to its int5sity1 its value is no long] absolute & inexpressible4 ,! felt v>iations 9 its tone are atta*$ to ! obs]v$ movem5t ( its objects2 9 ^! objects its values are imb$d$4 ,a _w load$ ) dramatic values may ?us arise 9 imag9ation2 t]rible & delightful pres5ces may *ase "o ano!r across ! void2 life w be a k9d ( music made by all ! s5ses toge!r4 ,_m animals probably h ?is =m ( exp]i5ce2 !y are n :olly subm]g$ 9 a vegetative /upor2 !y c disc]n :at !y love or fe>4 ,yet all ?is is /ill a disord]$ app>ition t reels itself (f amid sporadic movem5ts1 ef=ts1 & agonies4 ,n[ gorge\s1 n[ excit+1 n[ indiff]5t1 ! l&scape bright5s & fades ) ! day4 ,if a dog1 :ile sniff+ ab\t cont5t$ly1 sees af> (f 8 ma/] arriv+ aft] long abs5ce1 ! *ange 9 ! animal's feel+ is n m]ely 9 ! quantity ( pure pleasure2 a new circle ( s5sations appe>s1 ) a new pr9ciple gov]n+ int]e/ & desire2 in/ead ( wayw>dness subjection1 in/ead ( fre$om love4 ,b ! poor brute asks = no reason :y 8 ma/] w5t1 :y he has come aga91 :y he %\ld be lov$1 or :y pres5tly :ile ly+ at 8 feet y =get him & beg9 to grunt & dream ( ! *ase--all t is an utt] my/]y1 utt]ly unconsid]$4 ,su* exp]i5ce has v>iety1 sc5]y1 & a c]ta9 vital rhy?m2 its /ory might be told 9 di?yrambic v]se4 ,x moves :olly by inspiration2 e ev5t is provid5tial1 e act unprem$itat$4 ,absolute fre$om & absolute helplessness h met toge!r3 y dep5d :olly on div9e fav\r1 yet t unfa?omable ag5cy is n di/+ui%able f y\r own life4 ,?is is ! condition to :i* "s =ms ( piety invite m5 to return2 & x lies 9 tru? n f> b5ea? ! level ( ord9>y human consci\sness4 ,sid5ote3 ,causes at la/ disc]n$4 ,! /ory :i* su* animal exp]i5ce conta9s1 h[ev]1 ne$s only to be bett] articulat$ 9 ord] to disclose its und]ly+ ma*9]y4 ,! figures ev5 ( t disord]$ drama h _! exits & _! entrances2 & _! cues c be gradually discov]$ by a be+ capable ( fix+ 8 att5tion & reta9+ ! ord] ( ev5ts4 ,!reupon a ?ird /ep is made 9 imag9ative exp]i5ce4 ,z pleasures & pa9s 7 =m]ly di/ribut$ among objects1 s objects are n[ m>%all$ into a _w4 ,felix qui potuit r]um cognosc]e causas1 said a poet :o /ood ne> en\gh to fundam5tal human ne$s & to ! great answ] :i* art & civilisation c make to !m1 to value ! ,life ( ,reason & ?9k x sublime4 ,to disc]n causes is to turn vision into k & motion into action4 ,x is to fix ! associates ( ?+s1 s t _! respective trans=mations are collat$1 & !y become significant ( "o ano!r4 ,9 proportion z su* und]/&+ advances ea* mom5t ( exp]i5ce becomes consequ5tial & prophetic ( ! re/4 ,! calm places 9 life are fill$ ) p[] & its spasms ) res\rce4 ,no emotion c ov]:elm ! m9d1 = ( none is ! basis or issue :olly hidd52 no ev5t c disconc]t x altoge!r1 because x sees beyond4 ,means c be look$ = to escape f ! wor/ pr$icam5t2 & :]eas ea* mom5t _h be5 =m]ly fill$ ) no?+ b its own adv5ture & surpris$ emotion1 ea* n[ makes room = ! lesson ( :at w5t be=e & surmises :at may be ! plot ( ! :ole4 ,at ! ?re%old ( reason !re is a k9d ( *oice4 ,n all impressions contribute equally to ! new gr[?2 _m1 9 fact1 :i* 7 =m]ly equal 9 rank to ! be/1 n[ gr[ obscure4 ,att5tion ignores !m1 9 its ha/e to arrive at :at is significant ( some?+ m4 ,nor are ! pr9ciples ( syn!sis1 by :i* ! ari/ocratic few e/abli% _! olig>*y1 !mselves unequivocal4 ,! fir/ pr9ciples ( logic are l ! s5ses1 few b arbitr>y4 ,!y might h be5 q diff]5t & yet produc$1 by a n[ un?9kable me?od1 a language no less significant ?an ! "o we speak4 ,tw5ty-six lett]s may suffice = a language1 b !y are a wret*$ m9ority among all possible s\nds4 ,s ! =ms ( p]ception & ! categories ( ?\ght1 :i* a gramm>ian's philosophy might ?9k primordial necessities1 are no less casual ?an words or _! syntactical ord]4 ,:y1 we may ask1 did ^! =ms ass]t !mselves "h8 ,:at pr9ciples ( selection guide m5tal gr[?8 ,sid5ote3 ,att5tion guid$ by bodily impulse4 ,to give a logical gr\nd = su* a selection is evid5tly impossible1 s9ce x is logic itself t is to be acc\nt$ =4 ,a natural gr\nd is1 9 /rictness1 also irrelevant1 s9ce natural connections1 :]e ?\ght has n r$uc$ !m to a sort ( equival5ce & necessity1 are m]e data & juxtapositions4 ,yet x is n necess>y to leave ! "q altoge!r unansw]$4 ,by us+ our s5ses we may discov]1 n inde$ :y ea* s5se has its specific quality or exi/s at all1 b :at are its organs & occasions4 ,9 l mann] we may1 by develop+ ! ,life ( ,reason1 come to und]/& its conditions4 ,:5 consci\sness awakes ! body has1 z we long aft]w>d discov]1 a def9ite organisation4 ,)\t guidance f reflection bodily processes h be5 go+ on1 & mo/ precise aff9ities & reactions h be5 set up betwe5 its organs & ! surr\nd+ objects4 ,on ^! aff9ities & reactions s5se & intellect are graft$4 ,! plants are ( diff]5t nature1 yet gr[+ toge!r !y be> excell5t fruit4 ,x is z ! organs receive appropriate /imulations t att5tion is rivet$ on def9ite s5sations4 ,x is z ! sy/em ex]cises its natural activities t passion1 w1 & m$itation possess ! m9d4 ,no syllogism is ne$$ to p]suade u to eat1 no prophecy ( happ9ess to tea* u to love4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! liv+ organism1 caught 9 ! act1 in=ms u h[ to reason & :at to enjoy4 ,! s\l adopts ! body's aims2 f ! body & f its in/9cts %e draws a fir/ h9t ( ! "r means to ^? accept$ purposes4 ,?us reason ent]s into p>tn]%ip ) ! _w & beg9s to be respect$ !re2 :i* x w\ld nev] be if x 7 n expressive ( ! same me*anical =ces t are to preside ov] ev5ts & r5d] !m =tunate or un=tunate = human int]e/s4 ,reason is significant 9 action only because x has begun by tak+1 s to speak1 ! body's side2 t sympa!tic bias enables h] to di/+ui% ev5ts p]t95t to ! *os5 int]e/s1 to comp>e impulse ) satisfaction1 &1 by repres5t+ a new & circul> curr5t 9 ! sy/em1 to preside ov] ! =mation ( bett] habits1 habits express+ m in/9cts at once & respond+ to m opportunities4 ,,*apt] ,,iii--,,! ,,discov]y ,,( ,,natural ,,objects ,sid5ote3 ,nature man's home4 ,at fir/ sight x might seem an idle obs]vation t ! fir/ task ( intellig5ce is to repres5t ! environ+ reality1 a reality actually repres5t$ 9 ! notion1 univ]sally preval5t among m51 ( a cosmos 9 space & "t1 an animat$ mat]ial eng9e call$ nature4 ,9 try+ to conceive nature ! m9d lisps its fir/ lesson2 natural ph5om5a are ! "m tongue ( imag9ation no less ?an ( sci5ce & practical life4 ,m5 & gods are n conceivable o!rwise ?an z inhabitants ( nature4 ,e>ly exp]i5ce kn[s no my/]y :i* is n someh[ root$ 9 trans=mations ( ! natural _w1 & fancy c build no hope :i* w\ld n be expressible !re4 ,b we are gr[n s accu/om$ to ?is anci5t app>ition t we may be no long] aw>e h[ difficult 0 ! task ( conjur+ x up4 ,we may ev5 h =gott5 ! possibility t su* a vision %\ld nev] h aris5 at all4 ,a brief excursion into t mu* abus$ subject1 ! psy*ology ( p]ception1 may "h s]ve to rem9d u ( ! great "w :i* ! budd+ intellect mu/ long ago h accompli%$ unaw>es4 ,sid5ote3 ,difficulties 9 conceiv+ nature4 ,consid] h[ ! %ocks out ( :i* ! notion ( mat]ial ?+s is to be built fir/ /rike home into ! s\l4 ,eye & h&1 if we may neglect ! o!r s5ses1 transmit _! successive impressions1 all v>y+ ) ! position ( out] objects & ) ! o!r mat]ial conditions4 ,a *aos ( multitud9\s impressions ra9s 9 f all sides at all h\rs4 ,nor h ! ext]nal or cognitive s5ses an orig9al primacy4 ,! ta/e1 ! smell1 ! al>m+ s\nds ( ?+s are cont9ually di/ract+ att5tion4 ,!re are inf9ite rev]b]ations 9 memory ( all =m] impressions1 toge!r ) fre% fancies creat$ 9 ! bra91 ?+s at fir/ 9 no wise subord9at$ to ext]nal objects4 ,all ^! incongru\s elem5ts are m+l$ l a wit*es' brew4 ,& m3 !re are indications t inn] s5sations1 su* z ^? ( dige/ion1 h an ov]p[]+ influ5ce on ! primitive m9d1 :i* has n le>n$ to articulate or di/+ui% p]man5t ne$s4 ,s t to ! :irl ( out] s5sations we mu/ add1 to rea* "s notion ( :at consci\sness may conta9 be=e ! adv5t ( reason1 int]ruptions & le?>gies caus$ by :olly bl9d int]nal feel+s2 trances su* z fall ev5 on comp>atively articulate m9ds 9 rage1 lu/1 or madness4 ,aga9/ all ^! bewild]+ =ces ! new-born reason has to /ruggle2 & we ne$ n wond] t ! co/ly exp]im5ts & disillusions ( ! pa/ h n yet produc$ a complete enlight5m5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,transc5d5tal qualms4 ,! onslaught made 9 ! la/ c5tury by ! transc5d5tal philosophy ^u empirical traditions is famili> to ev]ybody3 x seem$ a p]t95t attack1 yet 9 ! end prov$ q trifl+ & unavail+4 ,?\ght1 we are told rightly en\gh1 _c be acc\nt$ = by enum]at+ its conditions4 ,a numb] ( deta*$ s5sations1 be+ ea* its own little _w1 _c add !mselves toge!r nor conjo9 !mselves 9 ! void4 ,aga91 exp]i5ces hav+ an alleg$ common cause w\ld n h1 m]ely = t reason1 a common object4 ,nor w\ld a s]ies ( successive p]ceptions1 no matt] h[ quick1 logically involve a s5se ( "t nor a notion ( succession4 ,yet1 9 po9t ( fact1 :5 su* a succession occurs & a liv+ bra9 is !re to acquire "s /ructural modification by virtue ( its own pass+ /ates1 a memory ( t succession & its t]ms may (t5 sup]v5e4 ,x is q true also t ! simultane\s pres5ce or association ( images belong+ to diff]5t s5ses does n c>ry ) x by intr9sic necessity any fusion ( su* images nor any notion ( an object hav+ !m = its qualities4 ,yet1 9 po9t ( fact1 su* a gr\p ( s5sations does (t5 m]ge into a complex image2 in/ead ( ! elem5ts orig9ally p]ceptible 9 isolation1 !re arises a famili> t]m1 a sort ( p]sonal pres5ce4 ,to ?is felt pres5ce1 c]ta9 in/9ctive reactions are atta*$1 & ! s5sations t may be involv$ 9 t app>ition1 :5 ea* = any reason becomes emphatic1 are ref]r$ to x z its qualities or its effects4 ,su* complications ( c\rse involve ! gift ( memory1 ) capacity to survey at once ve/iges ( _m p]ceptions1 to feel _! implication & absorption 9 ! pres5t object1 & to be c>ri$1 by ?is s5se ( relation1 to ! ?\ght t ^? p]ceptions h a repres5tative function4 ,& ?is is a great /ep4 ,x manife/s ! m9d's p[]s4 ,x illu/rates ^? trans=mations ( consci\sness ! pr9ciple ( :i*1 :5 ab/ract$1 we call intellig5ce4 ,we mu/ accord+ly proce$ ) caution1 = we are digg+ at ! v roots ( reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,?\ght an aspect ( life & transitive ,! *ief p]plexity1 h[ev]1 :i* besets ?is subject & makes discussions ( x s (t5 end 9 a cl\d1 is q artificial4 ,?\ght is n a me*anical calculus1 :]e ! elem5ts & ! me?od exhau/ ! fact4 ,?\ght is a =m ( life1 & %\ld be conceiv$ on ! analogy ( nutrition1 g5]ation1 & art4 ,reason1 z ,hume said ) pr(\nd tru?1 is an un9telligible in/9ct4 ,x c\ld n be o!rwise if reason is to rema9 some?+ transitive & exi/5tial2 = transition is un9telligible1 & yet is ! deepe/ *>act]i/ic ( exi/5ce4 ,philosoph]s1 h[ev]1 hav+ p]ceiv$ t ! function ( ?\ght is to fix /atic t]ms & reveal et]nal relations1 h inadv]t5tly transf]r$ to ! liv+ act :at is true only ( its ideal object2 & !y h expect$ to f9d 9 ! process1 treat$ psy*ologically1 t lum9\s d$uctive cle>ness :i* belongs to ! ideal _w x t5ds to reveal4 ,! intelligible1 h[ev]1 lies at ! p]iph]y ( exp]i5ce1 ! surd at its core2 & intellig5ce is b "o c5trifugal ray d>t+ f ! slime to ! />s4 ,?\ght mu/ execute a metamorphosis2 & :ile ?is is ( c\rse my/]i\s1 x is "o ( ^? famili> my/]ies1 l motion & w1 :i* are m natural ?an dialectical lucidity itself2 = dialectic gr[s cog5t by fulfill+ int5t1 b int5t or mean+ is itself vital & inexplicable4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]ception cumulative & syn!tic ,! process ( c\nt+ is p]haps z simple an in/ance z c be f\nd ( a m5tal op]ation on s5sible data4 ,! clock1 let u say1 /rikes two3 if ! s5sorium 7 p]fectly ela/ic & aft] receiv+ ! fir/ bl[ rev]t$ exactly to its previ\s /ate1 reta9+ absolutely no trace ( t mom5t>y oscillation & no alt]$ habit1 !n x is c]ta9 t a s5se = numb] or a faculty ( c\nt+ c\ld nev] arise4 ,! second /roke w\ld be respond$ to ) ! same reaction :i* _h met ! fir/4 ,!re w\ld be no summation ( effects1 no complication4 ,h[ev] num]\s ! successive impressions might come to be1 ea* w\ld rema9 fre% & pure1 ! la/ be+ id5tical 9 "* ) ! fir/4 ,"o1 "o1 "o1 w\ld be ! monoton\s response = ev]4 ,j s g5]ations ( ephem]al insects t succe$$ "o ano!r )\t transmitt+ exp]i5ce might repeat ! same r\nd ( impressions--an ev]la/+ progression )\t a %ad[ ( progress4 ,su*1 too1 is ! idiot's life3 8 liquid bra9 transmits e impulse )\t resi/ance & reta9s ! record ( no impression4 ,intellig5ce is accord+ly condition$ by a modification ( bo? /ructure & consci\sness by d9t ( pa/ ev5ts4 ,to be aw>e t a second /roke is n itself ! fir/1 ,i mu/ reta9 some?+ ( ! old s5sation4 ,! fir/ mu/ rev]b]ate /ill 9 my e>s :5 ! second arrives1 s t ?is second1 com+ into a consci\sness /ill fill$ by ! fir/1 is a diff]5t exp]i5ce f ! fir/1 :i* fell into a m9d p]fectly empty & unprep>$4 ,n[ ! newcom] f9ds 9 ! subsi/+ ,"o a sponsor to *ri/5 x by ! "n ( ,two4 ,! fir/ /roke 0 a simple #a4 ,! second is n simply ano!r #a1 a m]e it]ation ( ! fir/4 ,x is #aa1 :]e ! coeffici5t repres5ts ! rev]b]at+ fir/ /roke1 /ill p]si/+ 9 ! m9d1 & =m+ a backgr\nd & p]spective aga9/ :i* ! new /roke may be di/+ui%$4 ,! mean+ ( 8two10 !n1 is 8?is aft] t0 or 8?is aga910 :]e we h a simultane\s s5se ( two ?+s :i* h be5 sep>ately p]ceiv$ b are id5tifi$ z simil> 9 _! nature4 ,repetition mu/ cease to be pure repetition & become cumulative be=e x c give rise to ! consci\sness ( repetition4 ,! fir/ condition ( c\nt+1 !n1 is t ! s5sorium %\ld reta9 some?+ ( ! fir/ impression :ile x receives ! second1 or 7to /ate ! correspond+ m5tal fact7 t ! second s5sation %\ld be felt toge!r ) a survival ( ! fir/ f :i* x is di/+ui%$ 9 po9t ( exi/5ce & ) :i* x is id5tifi$ 9 po9t ( "*4 ,sid5ote3 ,no id5tical ag5t ne$$4 ,n[1 to secure ?is1 x is n en\gh t ! s5sorium %\ld be mat]ially cont9u\s1 or t a 8spiritual sub/ance0 or a 8transc5d5tal ego0 %\ld p]si/ 9 "t to receive ! second s5sation aft] hav+ receiv$ & regi/]$ ! fir/4 ,a p]fectly ela/ic s5sorium1 a :olly un*ang+ s\l1 or a q absolute ego might rema9 p]fectly id5tical ) itself ?r\gh v>i\s exp]i5ces )\t collat+ !m4 ,x w\ld !n rema91 9 fact1 m truly & lit]ally id5tical ?an if x 7 modifi$ some:at by ^? successive %ocks4 ,yet a s5sorium or a _s ?us un*ang$ w\ld be incapable ( memory1 unfit to connect a pa/ p]ception ) "o pres5t or to become aw>e ( _! relation4 ,x is n id5tity 9 ! sub/ance impress$1 b gr[+ complication 9 ! ph5om5on pres5t$1 t makes possible a s5se ( div]sity & relation betwe5 ?+s4 ,! id5tity ( sub/ance or _s1 if x 7 absolute1 w\ld inde$ prev5t comp>ison1 because x w\ld exclude modifications1 & x is ! survival ( pa/ modifications )9 ! pres5t t makes comp>isons possible4 ,we may impress any numb] ( =ms successively on ! same wat]1 & ! id5tity ( ! sub/ance w n help ^? =ms to survive & accumulate _! effects4 ,b if we h a surface t reta9s our successive /amp+s we may *ange ! sub/ance f wax to pla/] & f pla/] to bronze1 & ! effects ( our lab\r w survive & be sup]impos$ ^u "o ano!r4 ,x is ! actual pla/ic =m 9 bo? m9d & body1 n any un*ang+ sub/ance or ag5t1 t is efficaci\s 9 p]petuat+ ?\ght & ga!r+ exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,example ( ! sun4 ,7 n ,nature & all h] p>ts su* models ( pati5ce & p]t9acity1 !y nev] w\ld h succe$$ 9 impress+ _! exi/5ce on some?+ s volatile & irresponsible z ?\ght is4 ,a s5sation ne$s to be viol5t1 l ! sun's bl9d+ light1 to arre/ att5tion1 & keep x taut1 z x 71 long en\gh = ! sy/em to acquire a respectful attitude1 & gr[ pr$ispos$ to resume x4 ,a repetition ( t s5sation w !reaft] meet ) a prep>$ response :i* we call recognition2 ! concomitants ( ! old exp]i5ce w =m !mselves afre% ab\t ! new "o & by _! conv]g5ce give x a sort ( welcome & int]pretation4 ,! movem5t1 = in/ance1 by :i* ! face 0 rais$ t[>d ! heav5s 0 p]haps "o elem5t :i* add$ to ! fir/ s5sation1 brightness1 a concomitant s5sation1 height2 ! brightness 0 n bright m]ely1 b high4 ,n[ :5 ! brightness reappe>s ! face w m quickly be lift$ up2 ! place :]e ! brightness %one w be look$ =2 ! brightness w h acquir$ a claim to be plac$ some:]e4 ,! heat :i* at ! same mom5t may h burn$ ! =ehead w also be expect$ &1 :5 felt1 project$ into ! brightness1 :i* w n[ be hot z well z high4 ,s ) :atev] o!r s5sations "t may associate ) ?is gr\p4 ,!y w all adh]e to ! orig9al impression1 enri*+ x ) an individuality :i* w r5d] x be=e long a famili> complex 9 exp]i5ce1 & "o easy to recognise & to complete 9 idea4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 primitive div9ity4 ,9 ! case ( s vivid a ?+ z ! sun's brightness _m o!r s5sations beside ^? out ( :i* sci5ce draws ! qualities attribut$ to t heav5ly body adh]e 9 ! primitive m9d to ! ph5om5on4 ,be=e he is a sub/ance ! sun is a god4 ,he is b5efic5t & necess>y no less ?an bright & high2 he rises ^u all happy opportunities & sets ^u all t]rors4 ,he is div9e1 s9ce all life & fruitfulness hang ^u 8 miracul\s revolutions4 ,8 com+ & go+ are life & dea? to ! _w4 ,z ! s5sations ( light & heat are project$ upw>d toge!r to become attributes ( 8 body1 s ! feel+s ( pleasure1 safety1 & hope :i* he br+s into ! s\l are project$ into 8 _s2 & to ?is _s1 m ?an to any?+ else1 en]gy1 indep5d5ce1 & sub/antiality are orig9ally attribut$4 ,! emotions felt 9 8 pres5ce be+ ! ultimate issue & t]m ( 8 effect 9 u1 ! c\nt]p>t or %ad[ ( ^? emotions is reg>d$ z ! fir/ & deepe/ factor 9 8 causality4 ,x is 8 div9e life1 m ?an aught else1 t und]lies 8 app>itions & expla9s ! influ5ces :i* he propagates4 ,! sub/ance or indep5d5t exi/5ce attribut$ to objects is !re=e by no means only or prim>ily a physical notion4 ,:at is conceiv$ to support ! physical qualities is a pseudo-psy*ic or vital =ce4 ,x is a moral & liv+ object t we con/ruct1 build+ x up out ( all ! mat]ials1 emotional1 intellectual1 & s5su\s1 :i* lie at h& 9 our consci\sness to be syn!sis$ into ! hybrid reality :i* we are to fancy confront+ u4 ,to discrim9ate & r$i/ribute ^? miscellane\s physical & psy*ical elem5ts1 & to divorce ! god f ! mat]ial sun1 is a mu* lat] problem1 aris+ at a diff]5t & m reflective /age 9 ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,causes & ess5ces contra/$4 ,:5 reflection1 turn+ to ! compreh5sion ( a *aotic exp]i5ce1 busies itself ab\t recurr5ces1 :5 x seeks to normalise 9 "s way ?+s com+ & go+1 & to /raight5 out ! causes ( ev5ts1 t reflection is inevitably turn$ t[>d some?+ dynamic & indep5d5t1 & c h no successful issue except 9 me*anical sci5ce4 ,:5 on ! o!r h& reflection /ops to *all5ge & "q ! fleet+ object1 n s mu* to prep>e = its possible return z to conceive its pres5t nature1 ?is reflection is turn$ no less unmi/akably 9 ! direction ( ideas1 & w t]m9ate 9 logic or ! morphology ( be+4 ,we attribute indep5d5ce to ?+s 9 ord] to normalise _! recurr5ce4 ,we attribute ess5ces to !m 9 ord] to normalise _! manife/ations or con/itution4 ,indep5d5ce w ultimately turn out to be an assum$ con/ancy 9 mat]ial processes1 ess5ce an assum$ con/ancy 9 ideal mean+s or po9ts ( ref]5ce 9 disc\rse4 ,! "o m>ks ! sy/ematic di/ribution ( objects1 ! o!r _! settl$ "*4 ,sid5ote3 ,voracity ( intellect4 ,we talk ( recurr5t p]ceptions1 b mat]ially consid]$ no p]ception recurs4 ,ea* recurr5ce is "o ( a f9ite s]ies & holds = ev] its place & numb] 9 t s]ies4 ,yet human att5tion1 :ile x c survey sev]al simultane\s impressions & f9d !m simil>1 _c keep !m di/9ct if !y gr[ too num]\s4 ,! m9d has a native bias & invet]ate pref]5ce = =m & id5tification4 ,wat] does n run d[n hill m p]si/5tly ?an att5tion turns exp]i5ce into con/ant t]ms4 ,! sev]al repetitions ( "o ess5ce giv5 9 consci\sness w t5d at once to be neglect$1 & only ! ess5ce itself--! "* %>$ by ^? sundry p]ceptions--w /& & become a t]m 9 m5tal disc\rse4 ,aft] a few /rokes ( ! clock1 ! reit]at$ impressions m]ge & cov] "o ano!r2 we lose c\nt & p]ceive ! quality & rhy?m b n ! numb] ( ! s\nds4 ,if ?is is true ( s ab/ract & ma!matical a p]ception z is c\nt+1 h[ emphatically true mu/ x be ( cont9u\s & inf9itely v>i$ p]ceptions fl[+ 9 f ! :ole spatial _w4 ,glimpses ( ! environm5t foll[ "o ano!r 9 quick succession1 l a regim5t ( soldi]s 9 uni=m2 only n[ & !n does ! /ream take a new turn1 cat* a new ray ( sunlight1 or arre/ our att5tion at "s break4 ,! s5ses 9 _! natural play rev]t con/antly to famili> objects1 ga9+ impressions :i* diff] b slightly f "o ano!r4 ,^! slight diff]5ces are subm]g$ 9 app]ception1 s t s5sation comes to be n s mu* an addition ( new items to consci\sness z a reburni%+ !re ( "s imb$d$ device4 ,its "* & relations are only slightly modifi$ at ea* fre% rejuv5ation4 ,to cat* ! pass+ ph5om5on 9 all its novelty & idiosyncrasy is a "w ( artifice & curiosity4 ,su* an ex]cise does viol5ce to intellectual in/9ct & involves an /hetic p[] ( div+ bodily into ! /ream ( s5sation1 hav+ ?r[n ov]bo>d all rational balla/ & escap$ at once ! in]tia & ! mom5tum ( practical life4 ,normally e datum ( s5se is at once dev\r$ by a hungry intellect & dige/$ = ! sake ( its vital juices4 ,! result is t :at ord9>ily rema9s 9 memory is no repres5tative ( p>ticul> mom5ts or %ocks--?\gh s5sation1 z 9 dreams1 may be incid5tally recreat$ f )9--b r a logical possession1 a s5se ( acqua9tance ) a c]ta9 field ( reality1 9 a ^w1 a consci\sness ( k4 ,sid5ote3 ,c ! transc5d5t be kn[n8 ,b :at1 we may ask1 is ?is reality1 :i* we boa/ to "k8 ,may n ! sceptic ju/ly cont5d t no?+ is s unkn[n & inde$ unkn[able z ?is pret5d$ object ( k8 ,! s5sations :i* reason treats s cavali]ly 7 at lea/ some?+ actual :ile !y la/$ & made good _! mom5t>y claim to our int]e/2 b :at is ?is new ideal figm5t1 unseizable yet ev] pres5t1 invisible b indisp5sable1 unkn[able yet alone int]e/+ or important8 ,/range t ! only possible object or !me ( our k %\ld be some?+ we _c "k4 ,sid5ote3 ,c ! imm$iate be meant8 ,an answ] ^! d\bts w p]haps appe> if we ask ourselves :at sort ( contact ) reality w\ld satisfy u1 & 9 :at t]ms we expect or desire to possess ! subject-matt] ( our ?\ghts4 ,is x simply corroboration t we look =8 ,is x a v]ification ( tru? 9 s5se8 ,x w\ld be unreasonable1 9 t case1 aft] all ! evid5ce we dem& has be5 ga!r$1 to compla9 t ! ideal t]m ?us concurr5tly sugge/$1 ! sup]-s5sible sub/ance1 reality1 or indep5d5t object1 does n itself desc5d into ! ar5a ( imm$iate s5su\s pres5tation4 ,k is n eat+1 & we _c expect to dev\r & possess :at we mean4 ,k is recognition ( some?+ abs5t2 x is a salutation1 n an embrace4 ,x is an advance on s5sation precisely because x is repres5tative4 ,! t]ms or goals ( ?\ght h = _! function to subt5d long tracts ( s5su\s exp]i5ce1 to be ideal l9ks betwe5 fact & fact1 invisible wires beh9d ! sc5es1 ?reads along :i* inf]5ce may run 9 mak+ ph5om5a intelligible & controllable4 ,an idea t %\ld become an image w\ld cease to be ideal2 a pr9ciple t is to rema9 a pr9ciple c nev] become a fact4 ,a ,god t y c\ld see ) ! eyes ( ! body1 a heav5 y might climb into by a ladd] plant$ at ,be!l1 w\ld be p>ts ( ?is creat$ & int]pretable _w1 n t]ms 9 its int]pretation nor objects 9 a spiritual sph]e4 ,n[ ext]nal objects are ?\ght to be pr9ciples & s\rces ( exp]i5ce2 !y are accord+ly conceiv$ realities on an ideal plane4 ,we may look = all ! evid5ce we *oose be=e we decl>e our inf]5ce to be w>rant$2 b we mu/ n ask = some?+ m ?an evid5ce1 nor expect to "k realities )\t inf]r+ !m anew4 ,!y are reveal$ only to und]/&+4 ,we _c cease to ?9k & /ill cont9ue to "k4 ,sid5ote3 ,is ?\ght a bridge f s5sation to s5sation8 ,x may be said1 h[ev]1 t pr9ciples & ext]nal objects are int]e/+ only because !y symbolise fur!r s5sations1 t ?\ght is an exp$i5t ( f9ite m9ds1 & t repres5tation is a gho/ly process :i* we crave to mat]ialise into bodily possession4 ,we may gr[ sick ( inf]r+ tru? & long r to become reality4 ,intellig5ce is aft] all no compulsory possession2 & :ile "s ( u w\ld gladly h m ( x1 o!rs f9d t !y already h too mu*4 ,! t5sion ( ?\ght di/resses !m & to repres5t :at !y _c & w\ld n be is n a natural function ( _! _s4 ,to su* m9ds exp]i5ce t %\ld m]ely corroborate ideas w\ld prolong dissatisfaction4 ,! ideas mu/ be realis$2 !y mu/ pass into imm$iacy4 ,if reality 7a ^w employ$ g5]ally 9 a eulogi/ic s5se7 is to mean ?is desir$ imm$iacy1 no ideal ( ?\ght c be real4 ,all intelligible objects & ! :ole univ]se ( m5tal disc\rse w\ld !n be an unreal & conv5tional /ructure1 imp++ ultimately on s5se f :i* x w\ld d]ive its sole validity4 ,!re w\ld be no ne$ ( qu>rell+ ) su* a philosophy1 7 n its use ( words r mislead+4 ,call exp]i5ce 9 its exi/5tial & imm$iate aspect1 if y w1 ! sole reality2 t w n prev5t reality f hav+ an ideal dim5sion4 ,! intellectual _w w cont9ue to give beauty1 mean+1 & scope to ^? bubbles ( consci\sness on :i* x is pa9t$4 ,reality w\ld n be1 9 t case1 :at ?\ght aspires to rea*4 ,consci\sness is ! lea/ ideal ( ?+s :5 reason is tak5 out ( x4 ,reality w\ld !n ne$ ?\ght to give x all ^? human values ( :i*1 9 its sub/ance1 x w\ld h be5 :olly depriv$2 & ! ideal w\ld /ill be :at l5t music to ?robs & significance to be+4 ,sid5ote3 ,m5s naturalit] platonica4 ,! equivocation fav\r$ by su* language at once beg9s to appe>4 ,is n ?\ght ) all its products a "p ( exp]i5ce8 ,mu/ n s5se1 if x be ! only reality1 be s5ti5t sometimes ( ! ideal8 ,:at ! site is to a city t is imm$iate exp]i5ce to ! univ]se ( disc\rse4 ,! latt] is all held mat]ially )9 ! limits def9$ by ! =m]2 b if imm$iate exp]i5ce be ! seat ( ! moral _w1 ! moral _w is ! only int]e/+ possession ( imm$iate exp]i5ce4 ,:5 a wa/e is built on1 h[ev]1 x is a viol5t p>adox to call x /ill a wa/e2 & an imm$iate exp]i5ce t repres5ts ! re/ ( s5ti5ce1 ) all mann] ( ideal h>monies read into ! :ole 9 ! act ( repres5t+ x1 is an imm$iate exp]i5ce rais$ to its highe/ p[]3 x is ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,9 va91 !n1 w a philosophy ( intellectual ab/5tion limit s ,platonic a t]m z reality to ! imm$iate aspect ( exi/5ce1 :5 x is ! ideal aspect t end[s exi/5ce ) "* & value1 toge!r ) repres5tative scope & a c]ta9 li5 ^u et]nity4 ,m legitimate1 !re=e1 w\ld be ! ass]tion t k rea*es reality :5 x t\*es its ideal goal4 ,reality is kn[n :51 z 9 ma!matics1 a /able & unequivocal object is develop$ by ?9k+4 ,! locus or mat]ial embodim5t ( su* a reality is no long] 9 view2 ^! que/ions seem to ! logician irrelevant4 ,if necess>y ideas f9d no illu/ration 9 s5se1 he deems ! fact an argum5t aga9/ ! importance & validity ( s5sation1 n 9 ! lea/ a dispro( ( 8 ideal k4 ,if no site be f\nd on e>? = ! ,platonic city1 its con/itution is none ! less record$ & en%r9$ 9 heav52 nor is t ! only true ideal t has n :]e to lay its head4 ,:at 9 ! s5suali/ic or my/ical sy/em 0 call$ reality w n[ be t]m$ appe>ance1 & :at !re figur$ z an imag9>y con/ruction borne by ! consci\s mom5t w n[ appe> to be a prototype = all exi/5ce & an et]nal /&>d = its e/imation4 ,x is ?is rationali/ic or ,platonic sy/em 7little z mo/ m5 may suspect ! fact7 t f9ds a fir/ expression 9 ord9>y p]ception4 ,:5 y di/+ui% y\r s5sations f _! cause & laugh at ! ideali/ 7z ?is k9d ( sceptic is call$7 :o says t *airs & tables exi/ only 9 y\r m9d1 y are treat+ a figm5t ( reason z a deep] & tru] ?+ ?an ! mom5ts ( life ^: bl9d exp]i5ce t reason has come to illum9e4 ,:at y call ! evid5ce ( s5se is pure confid5ce 9 reason4 ,y w n be s idiotic z to make no inf]5ces f y\r s5sations2 y w n p9 y\r fai? s unimag9atively on mom5t>y appe>ance z to d5y t ! _w exi/s :5 y /op ?9k+ ab\t x4 ,y feel t y\r intellect has wid] scope & has discov]$ _m a ?+ t goes on beh9d ! sc5es1 _m a secret t w\ld escape a /upid & gap+ obs]vation4 ,x is ! fool t looks to look & /ops at ! b>ely visible3 y n only look b see2 = y und]/&4 ,sid5ote3 ,id5tity & indep5d5ce pr$icat$ ( ?+s4 ,n[ ! practical burd5 ( su* und]/&+1 if y take ! tr\ble to analyse x1 w turn out to be :at ! sceptic says x is3 assurance ( ev5tual s5sations4 ,b z ^! s5sations1 9 memory & expectation1 are num]\s & indef9itely v>iable1 y are n able to hold !m cle>ly be=e ! m9d2 inde$1 ! realisation ( all ! pot5tialities :i* y vaguely feel to lie 9 ! future is a task absolutely beyond imag9ation4 ,yet y\r pres5t impressions1 dep5d5t z !y are on y\r *ance attitude & disposition & on a ?\s& trivial accid5ts1 are f> f repres5t+ adequately all t might be discov]$ or t is actually kn[n ab\t ! object be=e y4 ,?is object1 !n1 to y\r appreh5sion1 is n id5tical ) any ( ! s5sations t reveal x1 nor is x exhau/$ by all ^! s5sations :5 !y are add$ toge!r2 yet x conta9s no?+ assignable b :at !y might conceivably reveal4 ,z x lies 9 y\r fancy1 !n1 ?is object1 ! reality1 is a complex & elusive entity1 ! sum at once & ! residuum ( all p>ticul> impressions :i*1 und]ly+ ! pres5t "o1 h bequea!d to x _! surviv+ l9kage 9 disc\rse & consequ5tly end[$ x ) a l>ge "p ( its pres5t "*4 ,) ?is hybrid object1 s5su\s 9 its mat]ials & ideal 9 its locus1 ea* p>ticul> glimpse is comp>$1 & is recognis$ to be b a glimpse1 an aspect :i* ! object pres5ts to a p>ticul> obs]v]4 ,"h are two id5tifications4 ,9 ! fir/ place v>i\s s5sations & felt relations1 :i* _c be kept di/9ct 9 ! m9d1 fall toge!r into "o t]m ( disc\rse1 repres5t$ by a sign1 a ^w1 or a m or less complete s5su\s image4 ,9 ! second place ! new p]ception is ref]r$ to t ideal entity ( :i* x is n[ call$ a manife/ation & effect4 ,su* are ! prim>y relations ( reality & appe>ance4 ,a reality is a t]m ( disc\rse bas$ on a psy*ic complex ( memories1 associations1 & expectations1 b con/itut$ 9 its ideal indep5d5ce by ! ass]tive en]gy ( ?\ght4 ,an appe>ance is a pass+ s5sation1 recognis$ z belong+ to t gr\p ( :i* ! object itself is ! ideal repres5tative1 & accord+ly reg>d$ z a manife/ation ( t object4 ,?us ! notion ( an indep5d5t & p]man5t _w is an ideal t]m us$ to m>k & z x 7 to ju/ify ! cohesion 9 space & ! recurr5ce 9 "t ( recognisable gr\ps ( s5sations4 ,?is coh]5ce & recurr5ce =ce ! intellect1 if x w\ld ma/] exp]i5ce at all or und]/& any?+1 to frame ! idea ( su* a reality4 ,if we wi% to def5d ! use ( su* an idea & prove to ourselves its necessity1 all we ne$ d is to po9t to t coh]5ce & recurr5ce 9 ext]nal ph5om5a4 ,t brave ef=t & flight ( intellig5ce :i* 9 ! beg9n+ rais$ man to ! conception ( reality1 enabl+ him to disc\nt & int]pret appe>ance1 w1 if we reta9 our tru/ 9 reason1 raise u cont9ually anew to t same idea1 by a no less spontane\s & victori\s movem5t ( ?\ght4 ,,*apt] ,,iv--,,on ,,"s ,,critics ,,( ,,?is ,,discov]y ,sid5ote3 ,psy*ology z a solv5t4 ,! ,engli% psy*ologi/s :o fir/ dis9tegrat$ ! idea ( sub/ance1 & ^: traces we h 9 g5]al foll[$ 9 ! above acc\nt1 did n /udy ! "q :olly = its own sake or 9 ! _s ( a sci5ce t aims at no?+ b a hi/orical analysis ( m9d4 ,!y _h a m or less malici\s purpose beh9d _! psy*ology4 ,!y ?\ght t if !y c\ld once %[ h[ metaphysical ideas are made !y w\ld discr$it ^? ideas & bani% !m = ev] f ! _w4 ,if !y reta9$ confid5ce 9 any notion--z ,hobbes 9 body1 ,locke 9 matt] & 9 ,god1 ,b]keley 9 spirits1 & ,kant1 ! inh]itor ( ?is malici\s psy*ology1 9 ! ?+-9-itself & 9 heav5--x 0 m]ely by inadv]t5ce or want ( c\rage4 ,! pr9ciple ( _! reason+1 :]e !y *ose to apply x1 0 always ?is1 t ideas ^: mat]ials c\ld all be acc\nt$ = 9 consci\sness & ref]r$ to s5se or to ! op]ations ( m9d 7 !reby exhau/$ & depriv$ ( fur!r validity4 ,only ! unacc\ntable1 or r ! uncriticis$1 c\ld be true4 ,consequ5tly ! advance ( psy*ology meant1 9 ?is s*ool1 ! retreat ( reason2 = z "o notion aft] ano!r 0 cl>ifi$ & r$uc$ to its elem5ts x 0 ipso facto depriv$ ( its function4 ,s f> 7 ^! philosoph]s f conceiv+ t validity & tru? are ideal relations1 accru+ to ideas by virtue ( dialectic & use1 t :ile on ! "o h& !y po9t$ out vital aff9ities & pragmatic sanctions 9 ! m9d's economy !y confess$ on ! o!r t ! outcome ( _! philosophy 0 sceptical2 = no idea c\ld be f\nd 9 ! m9d :i* 0 n a ph5om5on !re1 & no inf]5ce c\ld be drawn f ^! ph5om5a n bas$ on "s inh]5t 8t5d5cy to feign40 ,! analysis :i* 0 9 tru? legitimis+ & purify+ k seem$ to !m absolutely to bla/ x1 & ! clos] !y came to ! b$-rock ( exp]i5ce ! m incapable !y felt ( build+ up any?+ ^u x4 ,self-k meant1 !y fanci$1 self-detection2 ! repres5tative value ( ?\ght decreas$ z ?\ght grew 9 scope & elaboration4 ,x became impossible to be at once q s]i\s & q intellig5t2 = to use reason 0 to indulge 9 subjective fiction1 :ile consci5ti\sly to ab/a9 f us+ x 0 to s9k back ^u in>ticulate & bruti% in/9ct4 ,9 ,hume ?is sophi/ication 0 frankly av[$4 ,philosophy discr$it$ itself2 b a man ( p>ts1 :o lov$ intellectual games ev5 bett] ?an backgammon1 might take a h& ) ! wits & hi/orians ( 8 day1 until ! clock /ruck twelve & ! p>ty 0 ov]4 ,ev5 9 ,kant1 ?\gh ! mood 0 m cramp$ & e>ne/1 ! my/ical sophi/ication 0 q ! same4 ,kant1 too1 imag9$ t ! bottom _h be5 knock$ out ( ! _w2 t 9 comp>ison ) "s unutt]able sort ( tru? empirical tru? 0 falsehood1 & t validity = all possible exp]i5ce 0 weak validity1 9 comp>ison ) validity ( "s o!r & unm5tionable sort4 ,s9ce space & "t c\ld n repel ! accusation ( be+ ! necess>y =ms ( p]ception1 space & "t 7 n to be mu* ?\ght (2 & :5 ! sad tru? 0 disclos$ t causality & ! categories 7 in/rum5ts by :i* ! idea ( nature _h to be con/ruct$1 if su* an idea 0 to exi/ at all1 !n nature & causality %rivell$ up & 7 di%on\r$ toge!r2 s t1 ! s\l's occupation be+ gone1 %e mu/ ne$s appeal to "s my/]i\s oracle1 "s ab/ract & irrelevant om5 )9 ! brea/1 & mu/] up all ! /]n c\rage ( an accept$ despair to c>ry h] ?r\gh ?is _w ( ma!matical illusion into "s gre5 & infantile p>adise beyond4 ,sid5ote3 ,misconceiv$ rle ( intellig5ce4 ,:at idea1 we may well ask ourselves1 did ^! mod]n philosoph]s ent]ta9 reg>d+ ! pret5sions ( anci5t & m$ival metaphysics8 ,:at und]/&+ _h !y ( ! _s 9 :i* ! natural organs ( reason _h be5 ex]cis$ & develop$ 9 ^? s*ools8 ,frankly1 v little2 = !y accept$ f anci5t philosophy & f common-s5se ! di/9ction betwe5 reality & appe>ance1 b !y =got ! function ( t di/9ction & dislocat$ its mean+1 :i* 0 no?+ b to translate ! *aos ( p]ception into ! regul> play ( /able natures & objects cong5ial to discursive ?\ght & valid 9 ! art ( liv+4 ,philosophy _h be5 ! natural sci5ce ( p]ception rais$ to ! reflective plane1 ! objects ma9ta9+ !mselves on ?is high] plane be+ /yl$ realities1 & ^? /ill fl\nd]+ bel[ x be+ call$ appe>ances or m]e ideas4 ,! function ( envisag+ reality1 ev] s9ce ,p>m5ides & ,h]aclitus1 _h be5 univ]sally attribut$ to ! intellect4 ,:5 ! mod]ns1 !re=e1 prov$ anew t x 0 ! m9d t fram$ t idea1 & t :at we call reality1 sub/ance1 nature1 or ,god1 c be rea*$ only by an op]ation ( reason1 !y made no v novel or damag+ discov]y4 ,( c\rse1 x is possible to disreg>d ! sugge/ions ( reason 9 any p>ticul> case & x is q possible to believe1 = in/ance1 t ! hypo!sis ( an ext]nal mat]ial _w is an errone\s "o4 ,b t ?is hypo!sis is errone\s does n foll[ f ! fact t x is a hypo!sis4 ,to disc>d x on t gr\nd w\ld be to disc>d all reason$ k & to d5y altoge!r ! validity ( ?\ght4 ,if intellig5ce is assum$ to be an organ ( cognition & a vehicle = tru?1 a giv5 hypo!sis ab\t ! causes ( p]ception c only be disc>d$ :5 a bett] hypo!sis on ! same subject has be5 suppli$4 ,to be bett] su* a hypo!sis w\ld h to meet ! multiplicity ( ph5om5a & _! mutations ) a m intelligible s*eme ( compreh5sion & a m useful in/rum5t ( control4 ,sid5ote3 ,all criticism dogmatic4 ,scepticism is always possible :ile x is p>tial4 ,x w rema9 ! privilege & res\rce ( a free m9d t has ela/icity en\gh to dis9tegrate its own =mations & to approa* its exp]i5ce f a v>iety ( sides & ) m ?an a s+le me?od4 ,b ! me?od *os5 mu/ be coh]5t 9 itself & ! po9t ( view assum$ mu/ be adh]$ to dur+ t survey2 s t :atev] recon/ruction ! novel view may produce 9 sci5ce w be sci5ce /ill1 & w involve assumptions & dogmas :i* mu/ *all5ge comp>ison ) ! dogmas & assumptions !y w\ld supplant4 ,p speak ( dogmatism z if x 7 a me?od to be altoge!r outgr[n & some?+ = :i* "s non-ass]tive philosophy c\ld furni% a sub/itute4 ,b dogmatism is m]ely a matt] ( degree4 ,"s ?9k]s & "s sy/ems retreat fur!r ?an o!rs into ! /ratum b5ea? curr5t conv5tions & make u m consci\s ( ! complex ma*9]y :i*1 work+ sil5tly 9 ! s\l1 makes possible all ! rapid & facile op]ations ( reason4 ,! deep] ?is retrospective glance ! less dogmatic ! philosophy4 ,a primordial con/itution or t5d5cy1 h[ev]1 mu/ always rema91 hav+ /ructure & involv+ a def9ite life2 = if we ?\ght to rea* "s :olly vacant & indet]m9ate po9t ( orig91 we %\ld h rea*$ some?+ :olly impot5t & indiff]5t1 a blank pregnant ) no?+ t we wi%$ to expla9 or t actual exp]i5ce pres5t$4 ,:51 />t+ ) ! inevitable pre=mation & con/itutional bias1 we s\ght to build up a simpl] & nobl] edifice ( ?\ght1 to be a palace & =tress r ?an a prison = exp]i5ce1 our critical philosophy w\ld /ill be dogmatic1 s9ce x w\ld be built ^u inexplicable b actual data by a process ( inf]5ce und]iv$ b inevitable4 ,sid5ote3 ,a *oice ( hypo!ses4 ,no d\bt ,ari/otle & ! s*ola/ics 7 (t5 uncritical4 ,!y 7 too int5t on build+ up & buttress+ _! sy/em on ! broad human or religi\s f\ndations :i* !y _h *os5 = x4 ,!y nurs$ ! com=table conviction t :atev] _! ?\ght conta9$ 0 et]nal & objective tru?1 a copy ( ! div9e intellect or ( ! _w's intelligible /ructure4 ,a sceptic may easily d]ide t confid5ce ( !irs2 _! sy/em may h be5 _! sy/em & no?+ m4 ,b ! way to proce$ if we wi% to turn our %rewd suspicions & our s5se ( insecurity into an articulate conviction & to prove t !y err$1 is to build ano!r sy/em1 a m mode/ "o1 p]haps1 :i* w gr[ m spontane\sly & inevitably 9 ! m9d out ( ! data ( exp]i5ce4 ,obvi\sly ! rival & critical !ory w make ! same tacit claim z ! o!r to absolute validity4 ,if all our ideas & p]ceptions conspire to re9=ce ! new hypo!sis1 ?is w become inevitable & necess>y to u4 ,we %all !n condemn ! o!r hypo!sis1 n inde$ = hav+ be5 a hypo!sis1 :i* is ! common fate ( all rational & int]pretative ?\ght1 b = hav+ be5 a hypo!sis artificial1 mislead+1 & false2 "o n foll[+ necess>ily nor intelligibly out ( ! facts1 nor lead+ to a satisfactory reaction ^u !m1 ei!r 9 contemplation or 9 practice4 ,sid5ote3 ,critics disguis$ en?usia/s4 ,n[ ?is is 9 tru? exactly ! conviction :i* ^? malici\s psy*ologi/s secretly h>b\r$4 ,_! critical scruples & transc5d5tal qualms cov]$ a robu/ rebellion aga9/ be+ fool$ by au?ority4 ,!y rose to abate abuses among :i*1 z ,hobbes said1 8! frequ5cy ( insignificant spee* is "o40 ,_! psy*ology 0 n m]ely a ca?>tic1 b a gospel4 ,_! "y criticism 0 s5t into ! _w to make /raight ! pa? ( a new positivism1 z n[1 9 its old age1 x is invok$ to keep op5 ! door to sup]/ition4 ,"s ( ^? re=m]s1 l ,hobbes & ,locke1 _h at he>t ! int]e/s ( a physical & political me*anism1 :i* !y wi%$ to sub/itute = ! cumbr\s & irritat+ con/ra9ts ( tradition4 ,_! criticism /opp$ at ! fronti]s ( _! practical discont5t2 !y did n c>e to ask h[ ! belief 9 matt]1 space1 motion1 ,god1 or :atev] else /ill reta9$ _! allegiance1 c\ld )/& ! k9d ( psy*ology :i*1 z !y conceiv$1 _h done away ) individual ess5ces & nom9al p[]s4 ,b]keley1 ^: int]e/s lay 9 a diff]5t qu>t]1 us$ ! same critical me?od 9 support ( a diff]5t dogmatism2 arm$ ) ! traditional pieti/ic !ory ( ,provid5ce he und]took ) a light he>t to demoli% ! :ole edifice :i* reason & sci5ce _h built ^u spatial p]ception4 ,he wi%$ ! lay intellect to rev]t to a pi\s idiocy 9 ! pres5ce ( ,nature1 le/ consid]ation ( h] hi/ory & laws %\ld bre$ 8ma!matical a!i/s02 & ! out] _w be+ ?us r$uc$ to a s5su\s dream & to ! blur ( imm$iate feel+1 intellig5ce & practical fai? w\ld be m unremitt+ly employ$ ^u ,*ri/ian my?ology4 ,m5 w\ld be b\nd to x by a necess>y allegiance1 !re be+ no long] any rival object left = s]i\s or intellig5t consid]ation4 ,! psy*ological analysis on :i* ^! p>tial or total negations 7 f\nd$ 0 9 a g5]al way admirable2 ! necess>y artifices to :i* x _h rec\rse 9 di/+ui%+ simple & complex ideas1 pr9ciples ( association & inf]5ce1 7 no?+ b premonitions ( :at a physiological psy*ology w\ld d 9 ref]r+ ! m5tal process to its organic & ext]nal supports2 = exp]i5ce has no o!r divisions ?an ^? x creates 9 itself by di/+ui%+ its objects & its organs4 ,ref]5ce to ext]nal conditions1 ?\gh seldom explicit 9 ^! writ]s1 :o imag9$ !y c\ld appeal to an introspection n reveal+ ! ext]nal _w1 0 p]vasive 9 !m2 z1 = in/ance1 :]e ,hume made 8 fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 impressions & ideas1 :]e ! discrim9ation 0 bas$ nom9ally on relative vividness & priority 9 "t1 b really on causation respectively by out] objects or by spontane\s processes 9 ! bra94 ,sid5ote3 ,hume's gratuit\s scepticism4 ,hume x 0 :o c>ri$ ?is psy*ological analysis to its goal1 giv+ x great] simplicity & univ]sal scope2 & he _h also ! fur!r advantage ( n nurs+ any metaphysical *angel+ ( 8 own to sub/itute = ! legitimate (fspr+ ( human und]/&+4 ,8 curiosity 0 pur] & 8 scepticism m imp>tial1 s t he laid b>e ! natural habits & necess>y fictions ( ?\ght ) s+ul> lucidity1 & suffici5t accuracy = g5]al purposes4 ,b ! malice ( a psy*ology int5d$ z a weapon aga9/ sup]/ition "h recoils on sci5ce itself4 ,hume1 l ,b]keley1 0 extremely "y1 sc>ce five-&-tw5ty1 :5 he wrote 8 mo/ incisive "w2 he 0 n ready to propose 9 !ory t te/ ( ideas by _! utility :i* 9 practice he & ! :ole ,engli% s*ool h in/9ctively adopt$4 ,an ult]ior te/ ( validity w\ld n h seem$ to him satisfactory1 = ?\gh incl9$ to rebellion & positivism he 0 /ill ! pupil ( t my?ical philosophy :i* attribut$ ! value ( ?+s to _! orig9 r ?an to _! uses1 because x _h fir/1 9 its p>abolic way1 erect$ ! highe/ good into a ,fir/ ,cause4 ,/ill brea?+1 9 spite ( himself1 ?is atmosph]e ( mat]ialis$ ,platonism1 ,hume c\ld n discov] ! true orig9 ( any?+ )\t imag9+ t he _h de/roy$ its value4 ,a natural *ild meant = him an illegitimate "o2 8 philosophy _h n yet rea*$ ! wisdom ( t ,fr5* lady :o ask$ if all *ildr5 7 n natural4 ,! outcome ( 8 psy*ology & criticism seem$ accord+ly to be an inhibition ( reason2 he 0 left free to *oose betwe5 ! di/ractions ( backgammon & 8sitt+ d[n 9 a =lorn scepticism40 ,9 8 fir/ y\?1 :ile dis9tegrat+ reflection /ill ov]p[]$ ! active int]e/s ( 8 m9d1 ,hume seems to h _h "s mom5ts ( g5u9e susp5se & d\bt3 b ) ye>s & prosp]ity ! normal habits ( inf]5ce :i* he _h s acutely analys$ ass]t$ !mselves 9 8 own p]son & he yield$ to ! 8t5d5cy to feign0 s f> at lea/ z to believe languidly 9 ! hi/ories he wrote1 ! complim5ts he receiv$1 & ! succul5t d9n]s he dev\r$4 ,!re is a k9d ( c\rtesy 9 scepticism4 ,x w\ld be an (f5ce aga9/ polite conv5tions to press our d\bts too f> & "q ! p]man5ce ( our e/ates1 our neighb\rs' indep5d5t exi/5ce1 or ev5 ! ju/ification ( a good bi%op's fai? & income4 ,aga9/ metaphysicians1 & ev5 aga9/ bi%ops1 s>casm 0 n )\t its sav\r2 b ! l9e mu/ be drawn some:]e by a g5tleman & a man ( ! _w4 ,hume f\nd no ob/acle 9 8 speculations to ! adoption ( all necess>y & useful conceptions 9 ! sph]e to :i* he limit$ 8 mature int]e/s4 ,t he nev] ext5d$ ?is lib]ty to believe into m speculative & compreh5sive regions 0 due simply to a volunt>y sup]ficiality 9 8 ?\ght4 ,_h he be5 int]e/$ 9 ! rationality ( ?+s he w\ld h lab\r$ to discov] x1 z he lab\r$ to discov] t hi/orical tru? or t political utility to :i* 8 int]e/s happ5$ to atta*4 ,sid5ote3 ,kant's sub/itute = k4 ,kant1 l ,b]keley1 _h a private my/icism 9 res]ve to raise ^u ! ru9s ( sci5ce & common-s5se4 ,k 0 to be remov$ to make way = fai?4 ,?is task is ambigu\s1 & ! equivocation involv$ 9 x is p]haps ! deepe/ ( ^? confusions ) :i* ,g]man metaphysics has s9ce /ruggl$1 & :i* h made x wav] betwe5 ! deepe/ introspection & ! dre>ie/ my?ology4 ,to sub/itute fai? = k might mean to tea* ! intellect humility1 to make x aw>e ( its !oretic & transitive function z a faculty = hypo!sis & rational fiction1 build+ a bridge ( me?odical inf]5ces & ideal unities betwe5 fact & fact1 betwe5 endeav\r & satisfaction4 ,x might be to rem9d u1 spr9kl+ ov] u1 z x 71 ! ,l5t5 a%es ( an intellectual contrition1 t our ?\ghts are air ev5 z our bodies are du/1 mom5t>y vehicles & products ( an immortal vitality 9 ,god & 9 nature1 :i* fo/]s & illum9es u = a mom5t be=e x lapses into o!r =ms4 ,_h ,kant propos$ to humble & conc5trate into a practical fai? ! same natural ideas :i* _h previ\sly be5 tak5 = absolute k1 8 int5tion w\ld h be5 innoc5t1 8 conclusions wise1 & 8 analysis free f v5om & arrire-p5se4 ,man1 because ( 8 f9ite & propulsive nature & because he is a pilgrim & a travell] ?r\gh\t 8 life1 is oblig$ to h fai?3 ! abs5t1 ! hidd51 ! ev5tual1 is ! necess>y object ( 8 conc]n4 ,b :at else %all 8 fai? re/ 9 except 9 :at ! necess>y =ms ( 8 p]ception pres5t to him & :at ! indisp5sable categories ( 8 und]/&+ help him to conceive8 ,:at possible objects are !re = fai? except objects ( a possible exp]i5ce8 ,:at else %\ld a practical & moral philosophy conc]n itself )1 except ! gov]nance & bett]m5t ( ! real _w8 ,x is surely by us+ 8 only possible =ms ( p]ception & 8 inevitable categories ( und]/&+ t man may yet le>n1 z he has p>tly le>n$ already1 to live & prosp] 9 ! univ]se4 ,_h ,kant's criticism am\nt$ simply to su* a confession ( ! t5tative1 practical1 & hypo!tical nature ( human reason1 x w\ld h be5 :olly acceptable to ! wise2 & its appeal to fai? w\ld h be5 no?+ b an expression ( natural vitality & c\rage1 j z its criticism ( k w\ld h be5 no?+ b a bett] acqua9tance ) self4 ,?is fai? w\ld h call$ ! =ces ( impulse & passion to reason's support1 n to its betrayal4 ,fai? w\ld h meant fai? 9 ! intellect1 a fai? naturally express+ man's practical & ideal nature1 & ! only fai? yet sanction$ by its fruits4 ,sid5ote3 ,false subjectivity attribut$ to reason4 ,side by side ) ?is re9/atem5t ( reason1 h[ev]1 :i* 0 n abs5t f ,kant's sy/em 9 its critical phase & 9 its application to sci5ce1 !re lurk$ 9 8 sub/itution ( fai? = k ano!r & s9i/] int5tion4 ,he wi%$ to bla/ z insignificant1 because 8subjective10 ! :ole /ructure ( human intellig5ce1 ) all ! lessons ( exp]i5ce & all ! triumphs ( human skill1 & to atta* absolute validity in/ead to c]ta9 e*oes ( 8 rigori/ic religi\s education4 ,^! notions 7 surely j z subjective1 & f> m local & transitory1 ?an ! common ma*9]y ( ?\ght2 & x 0 actually proclaim$ to be an evid5ce ( _! sublimity t !y rema9$ entirely )\t practical sanction 9 ! =m ( success or ( happ9ess4 ,! 8categorical imp]ative0 0 a %ad[ ( ! t5 comm&m5ts2 ! po/ulates ( practical reason 7 ! m9imal t5ets ( ! mo/ ab/ract ,prote/antism4 ,^! fossils1 f\nd unacc\ntably imb$d$ 9 ! old man's m9d1 he reg>d$ z ! evid5ces ( an inw>d b sup]natural revelation4 ,sid5ote3 ,*im]ical recon/ruction4 ,only ! qua9t sev]ity ( ,kant's education & "* c make intelligible to u ! re/ra9t he ex]cis$ 9 mak+ sup]natural po/ulates4 ,all he ass]t$ 0 8 inscrutable moral imp]ative & a ,god to rew>d ) ! pleasures ( ! next _w ^? :o _h be5 ,puritans 9 ?is4 ,b ! same pr9ciple c\ld obvi\sly be appli$ to o!r *]i%$ imag9ations3 !re is no sup]/ition :i* x might n ju/ify 9 ! eyes ( m5 accu/om$ to see 9 t sup]/ition ! sanction ( _! morality4 ,= ! 8practical0 pro(s ( fre$om1 immortality1 & ,provid5ce--( :i* all evid5ce 9 reason or exp]i5ce _h previ\sly be5 d5i$--exce$ 9 p]functory sophi/ry any?+ t c be imag9$4 ,yet ?is lam5table epilogue 0 9 tru? ! guid+ ?\ght ( ! :ole inve/igation4 ,nature _h be5 prov$ a figm5t ( human imag9ation s t1 once rid ( all b a mock allegiance to h] facts & laws1 we might be free to inv5t any _w we *ose & believe x to be absolutely real & indep5d5t ( our nature4 ,/range prepossession1 t :ile "p ( human life & m9d 0 to be an av5ue to reality & to put m5 9 relation to ext]nal & et]nal ?+s1 ! :ole ( human life & m9d %\ld n be able to d s6 ,conceptions root$ 9 ! v elem5ts ( our be+1 9 our s5ses1 intellect1 & imag9ation1 :i* _h %ap$ !mselves ?r\gh _m g5]ations "u a con/ant fire ( obs]vation & disillusion1 ^! 7 to be call$ subjective1 n only 9 ! s5se 9 :i* all k mu/ obvi\sly be s1 s9ce x is k t someone possesses & has ga9$1 b subjective 9 a disp>ag+ s5se1 & 9 contra/ to "s bett] =m ( k4 ,b :at bett] =m ( k is ?is8 ,if x be a k ( ?+s z !y really are & n z !y appe>1 we mu/ rememb] t reality means :at ! intellect inf]s f ! data ( s5se2 & yet ! pr9ciples ( su* inf]5ce1 by :i* ! di/9ction betwe5 appe>ance & reality is fir/ in/itut$1 are precisely ! pr9ciples n[ to be disc>d$ z subjective & ( m]ely empirical validity4 8,m]ely empirical0 is a vici\s phrase3 :at is o!r ?an empirical is less ?an empirical1 & :at is n relative to ev5tual exp]i5ce is some?+ giv5 only 9 pres5t fancy4 ,! gods ( g5u9e religion1 = in/ance1 are t]ms 9 a cont9ual exp]i5ce3 ! pure 9 he>t may see ,god4 ,if ! bett] & less subjective pr9ciple be said to be ! moral law1 we mu/ rememb] t ! moral law :i* has practical importance & true dignity deals ) facts & =ces ( ! natural _w1 t x expresses int]e/s & aspirations 9 :i* man's fate 9 "t & space1 ) 8 pa9s1 pleasures1 & all o!r empirical feel+s1 is conc]n$4 ,?is 0 n ! moral law to :i* ,kant appeal$1 = ?is is a "p ( ! w>p & wo( ( nature4 ,8 moral law 0 a p]sonal sup]/ition1 irrelevant to ! impulse & ne$ ( ! _w4 ,8 notions ( ! sup]natural 7 ^? ( 8 sect & g5]ation1 & did n pass to 8 m influ5tial disciples3 :at 0 transmitt$ 0 simply ! contempt = s5se & und]/&+ & ! practice1 au?oris$ by 8 mode/ example1 ( build+ air-ca/les 9 ! great cle>+ :i* ! ,critique 0 suppos$ to h made4 ,x is noticeable 9 ! s]ies ( philosoph]s f ,hobbes to ,kant t z ! metaphysical residuum dim9i%$ ! critical & psy*ological ma*9]y increas$ 9 volume & value4 ,9 ,hobbes & ,locke1 ) ! beg9n+s ( empirical psy*ology1 !re is mix$ an ab/ract mat]ialism2 9 ,b]keley1 ) an ext5sion ( analytic criticism1 a popul> & *ildlike !ology1 entirely )\t rational developm5t2 9 ,hume1 ) a complet$ survey ( human habits ( ideation1 a )drawal into practical conv5tions2 & 9 ,kant1 ) ! conception ( ! creative und]/&+ firmly grasp$ & elaborately work$ out1 a flight f ! natural _w altoge!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,critique a ^w on m5tal ar*itecture4 ,! ,critique1 9 spite ( "s artificialities & p$antries 9 arrangem5t1 pres5t$ a conception nev] be=e atta9$ ( ! ri* ar*itecture ( reason4 ,x reveal$ ! intricate organisation1 comp>able to t ( ! body1 possess$ by t f9e web ( int5tions & c\nt]-int5tions ^: pulsations are our ?\ghts4 ,! dynamic logic ( intellig5ce 0 laid b>e1 & ! hi]>*y ( ideas1 if n always correctly trac$1 0 at lea/ manife/$ 9 its pr9ciple4 ,x 0 z great an enl>gem5t ( ,hume's "w z ,hume's _h be5 ( ,locke's or ,locke's ( ,hobbes's4 ,& ! v fact t ! metaphysical residuum practically disappe>$--= ! weak recon/ruction 9 ! second ,critique may be dismiss$ z irrelevant--r5d]s ! "w ess5tially valid1 ess5tially a description ( some?+ real4 ,x is !re=e a great s\rce ( in/ruction & a good comp5dium or /ore-h\se = ! problems ( m9d4 ,b ! "w has be5 mu* ov]e/imat$4 ,x is ! product ( a confus$ ?\gh labori\s m9d4 ,x conta9s contradictions n m]ely incid5tal1 su* z any great novel "w mu/ reta9 7s9ce no man c at once remodel 8 :ole vocabul>y & op9ions7 b contradictions absolutely fundam5tal & inexcusable1 l t betwe5 ! transc5d5tal function ( intellect & its limit$ au?ority1 or t betwe5 ! efficacy ( ?+s-9-!mselves & _! unkn[ability4 ,kant's assumptions & 8 conclusions1 8 sup]/itions & 8 wisdom1 alt]nate )\t neutralis+ ea* o!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,incoh]5ces4 ,t exp]i5ce is a product ( two factors is an assumption made by ,kant4 ,x re/s on a psy*ological analogy1 namely on ! fact t organ & /imulus are bo? necess>y to s5sation4 ,t exp]i5ce is ! sub/ance or matt] ( nature1 :i* is a con/ruction 9 ?\ght1 is ,kant's conclusion1 bas$ on intr9sic logical analysis4 ,"h exp]i5ce is evid5tly view$ z some?+ uncaus$ & )\t conditions1 be+ itself ! s\rce & condition ( all ?9kable objects4 ,! relation betwe5 ! transc5d5tal function ( exp]i5ce & its empirical causes ,kant nev] und]/ood4 ,! transc5d5talism :i*--if we h x at all--mu/ be fundam5tal1 he made d]ivative2 & ! realism1 :i* mu/ !n be d]ivative1 he made absolute4 ,!re=e 8 metaphysics rema9$ fabul\s & 8 idealism sceptical or malici\s4 ,ask :at c be meant by 8conditions ( exp]i5ce0 & ,kant's bewild]+ puzzle solves itself at ! ^w4 ,condition1 l cause1 is a t]m t cov]s a confusion betwe5 dialectical & natural connections4 ,! conditions ( exp]i5ce1 9 ! dialectical s5se1 are ! *>act]i/ics a ?+ mu/ h to des]ve ! "n ( exp]i5ce2 9 o!r words1 its conditions are its nom9al ess5ce4 ,if exp]i5ce be us$ 9 a loose s5se to mean any giv5 fact or consci\sness 9 g5]al1 ! condition ( exp]i5ce is m]ely imm$iacy4 ,if x be us$1 z x (t5 is 9 empirical writ]s1 = ! %ock ( s5se1 its conditions are two3 a s5sitive organ & an object capable ( /imulat+ x4 ,if f9ally exp]i5ce be giv5 its highe/ & mo/ pregnant import & mean a fund ( k ga!r$ by liv+1 ! condition ( exp]i5ce is intellig5ce4 ,tak+ ! ^w 9 ?is la/ s5se1 ,kant %[$ 9 a confus$ b ess5tially conclusive fa%ion t only by ! application ( categories to imm$iate data c\ld k ( an ord]$ univ]se arise2 or1 9 o!r language1 t k is a vi/a1 t x has a p]spective1 s9ce x is ! pres5ce to a giv5 ?\ght ( a diffus$ & articulat$ l&scape4 ,! categories are ! pr9ciples ( int]pretation by :i* ! flat datum acquires ?is p]spective 9 ?\ght & becomes repres5tative ( a :ole sy/em ( successive or collat]al exi/5ces4 ,! circum/ance t exp]i5ce1 9 ! second s5se1 is a t]m res]v$ = :at has c]ta9 natural conditions1 namely1 = ! sp>k fly+ f ! contact ( /imulus & organ1 l$ ,kant to %ift 8 po9t ( view1 & to talk half ! "t ab\t conditions 9 ! s5se ( natural causes or ne$ful antec$5ts4 ,intellig5ce is n an antec$5t ( ?\ght & k b _! "* & logical en]gy4 ,syn!sis is n a natural b only a dialectical condition ( pregnant exp]i5ce2 x does n introduce su* exp]i5ce b con/itutes x4 ,nev]!less1 ! :ole skeleton & dialectical m\ld ( exp]i5ce came to figure1 9 ,kant's my?ology1 z ma*9]y beh9d ! sc5es1 z a sy/em ( non-natural effici5t =ces1 z a p>tn] 9 a m>riage ! issue ( :i* 0 human ?\ght4 ,! idea c\ld ?us sugge/ itself--fav\r$ also by rememb]+ inopportunely ! actual psy*ological situation--t all exp]i5ce1 9 e s5se ( ! ^w1 _h sup]natural antec$5ts1 & t ! dialectical conditions ( exp]i5ce1 9 ! highe/ s5se1 7 effici5t conditions ( exp]i5ce 9 ! l[e/4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature ! true sy/em ( conditions4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to obs]ve t absolute exp]i5ce c h no natural conditions4 ,exi/5ce 9 ! ab/ract c h no cause2 = e real condition w\ld h to be a factor 9 absolute exp]i5ce1 & e cause w\ld be some?+ exi/5t4 ,( c\rse !re is a mode/ & non-exhau/ive exp]i5ce--t is1 any p>ticul> s5sation1 ?\ght1 or life--:i* x w\ld be prepo/]\s to d5y 0 subject to natural conditions4 ,sa9t ,lawr5ce's exp]i5ce ( be+ roa/$1 = in/ance1 _h conditions2 "s ( !m 7 ! fire1 ! decree ( ! c\rt1 & 8 own /alw>t ,*ri/ianity4 ,b ^! conditions are o!r p>ts or objects ( conceivable exp]i5ce :i*1 z we h le>n$1 fall into a sy/em ) ! "p we say !y condition4 ,9 our grop+ & inf]5tial ?\ght "o "p may become a gr\nd = expect+ or suppos+ ! o!r4 ,nature is !n ! sum total ( its own conditions2 ! :ole object1 ! p>ts obs]v$ plus ! p>ts int]polat$1 is ! self-exi/5t fact4 ,! m9d1 9 its empirical flux1 is a "p ( ?is complex2 to say x is its own condition or t ( ! o!r objects is a grotesque falsehood4 ,a babe's casual s5sation ( light is a condition nei!r ( 8 own exi/5ce nor ( 8 "m's4 ,! true conditions are ^? o!r p>ts ( ! _w )\t :i*1 z we f9d by exp]i5ce1 s5sations ( light d n appe>4 ,_h ,kant be5 tra9$ 9 a bett] s*ool ( philosophy he might h felt t ! phrase 8subjective conditions0 is a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,:5 we f9d ourselves compell$ to g beh9d ! actual & imag9e some?+ antec$5t or lat5t to pave ! way = x1 we are ipso facto conceiv+ ! pot5tial1 t is1 ! 8objective0 _w4 ,all antec$5ts1 by transc5d5tal necessity1 are !re=e objective & all conditions natural4 ,an imag9$ pot5tiality t holds toge!r ! episodes :i* are actual 9 consci\sness is ! v def9ition ( an object or ?+4 ,nature is ! sum total ( ?+s pot5tially obs]vable1 "s obs]v$ actually1 o!rs int]polat$ hypo!tically2 & common-s5se is "r z aga9/ ,kant's subjectivism 9 reg>d+ nature z ! condition ( m9d & n m9d z ! condition ( nature4 ,?is is n to say t exp]i5ce & feel+ are n ! only giv5 exi/5ce1 f :i* ! mat]ial "p ( nature1 some?+ ess5tially dynamic & pot5tial1 mu/ be intellig5tly inf]r$4 ,b are n 8conditions0 inf]r$8 ,are !y n1 9 _! deepe/ ess5ce1 pot5tialities & p[]s8 ,kant's fabl$ conditions also are inf]r$2 b !y are inf]r$ illegitimately s9ce ! 8subjective0 ones are dialectical *>act]s turn$ into antec$5ts1 :ile ! ?+-9-itself is a natural object )\t a natural function4 ,exp]i5ce alone be+ giv51 x is ! gr\nd f :i* its conditions are inf]r$3 its conditions1 !re=e1 are empirical4 ,! second>y position ( nature goes ) ! second>y position ( all causes1 objects1 conditions1 & ideals4 ,to h made ! conditions ( exp]i5ce metaphysical1 & prior 9 ! ord] ( k to exp]i5ce itself1 0 simply a piece ( surviv+ ,platonism4 ,! =m 0 hypo/asis$ into an ag5t1 & my?ical ma*9]y 0 imag9$ to impress t =m on :atev] happ5$ to h x4 ,all ?is 0 oppos$ to ,kant's own discov]y & to 8 critical doctr9e :i* %[$ t ! _w 7:i* is ! complex ( ^? conditions :i* exp]i5ce assigns to itself z x develops & progresses 9 k7 is n be=e exp]i5ce 9 ! ord] ( k1 b aft] x4 ,8 fundam5tal ov]sight & contradiction lay 9 n see+ t ! concept ( a set ( conditions 0 ! precise & exact concept ( nature1 :i* he consequ5tly r$uplicat$1 hav+ "o nature be=e exp]i5ce & ano!r aft]4 ,! fir/ ?us became my?ical & ! second illusory3 = ! fir/1 said to condition exp]i5ce1 0 a set ( v]bal gho/s1 :ile ! second1 :i* alone c\ld be obs]v$ or discov]$ sci5tifically1 0 decl>$ fictiti\s4 ,! tru? is t ! s+le nature or set ( conditions = exp]i5ce :i* ! intellect con/ructs is ! object ( our ?\ghts & p]ceptions ideally complet$4 ,?is is nei!r my?ical nor illusory4 ,x is1 /rictly speak+1 9 its sy/em & 9 _m ( its p>ts1 hypo!tical2 b ! hypo!sis is absolutely safe4 ,at :atev] po9t we te/ x1 we f9d ! exp]i5ce we expect1 & ! inf]5ces !nce made by ! intellect are v]ifi$ 9 s5se at e mom5t ( exi/5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,artificial pa?os 9 subjectivism4 ,! ambiguity 9 ,kant's doctr9e makes him a confus+ repres5tative ( t criticism ( p]ception :i* malici\s psy*ology has to (f]4 ,:5 ! m9d has made its great discov]y2 :5 x has recognis$ indep5d5t objects1 & ?us tak5 a fir/ /ep 9 its rational life1 we ne$ to "k unequivocally :e!r ?is /ep is a false or a true "o4 ,if x be false1 reason is itself mislead+1 s9ce a hypo!sis indisp5sable 9 ! intellectual ma/]y ( exp]i5ce is a false hypo!sis & ! detail ( exp]i5ce has no sub/ructure4 ,n[ ,kant's answ] 0 t ! discov]y ( objects 0 a true & valid discov]y 9 ! field ( exp]i5ce2 !re 71 sci5tifically speak+1 causes = p]ception :i* c\ld be inf]r$ f p]ception by ?\ght4 ,b ?is inf]5ce 0 n true absolutely or metaphysically because !re 0 a real _w beyond possible exp]i5ce1 & !re 7 oracles1 n intellectual1 by :i* k ( t unrealisable _w might be obta9$4 ,?is my/icism undid ! intellectualism :i* *>act]is$ ,kant's sy/em 9 its sci5tific & empirical application2 s t ! ju/ification = ! use ( su* categories z t ( cause & sub/ance 7categories by :i* ! idea ( reality is con/itut$7 0 invalidat$ by ! c\nt]-ass]tion t empirical reality 0 n true reality b1 be+ an object rea*$ by inf]5tial ?\ght1 0 m]ely an idea4 ,nor 0 ! true reality appe>ance itself 9 its crude imm$iacy1 z sceptics w\ld ?9k2 x 0 a realm ( objects pres5t to a suppos$ intuitive ?\ght1 t is1 to a non-inf]5tial inf]5ce or non-discursive disc\rse4 ,s t :ile ,kant insi/$ on ! po9t1 :i* h>dly ne$$ press+1 t x is m9d t discov]s empirical reality by mak+ inf]5ces f ! data ( s5se1 he admitt$ at ! same "t t su* use ( und]/&+ is legitimate & ev5 necess>y1 & t ! idea ( nature s fram$ 8 empirical tru?4 ,!re rema9$1 h[ev]1 a s5se t ?is empirical tru? 0 someh[ insuffici5t & illusory4 ,und]/&+ 0 a sup]ficial faculty1 & we might by o!r & oracul> me?ods arrive at a reality t 0 n empirical4 ,:y any reality--su* z ,god1 = in/ance--%\ld n be j z empirical z ! o!r side ( ! moon1 if exp]i5ce sugge/$ x & reason discov]$ x1 or :y1 if n sugge/$ by exp]i5ce & discov]$ by reason1 any?+ %\ld be call$ a reality at all or %\ld hold = a mom5t a man's wak+ att5tion--t is :at ,kant nev] tells u & nev] himself knew4 ,cle>] ^u ?is "q ( p]ception is ! position ( ,b]keley2 we may !re=e take him z a fair repres5tative ( ^? critics :o seek to invalidate ! discov]y ( mat]ial objects4 ,sid5ote3 ,b]keley's algebra ( p]ception4 ,our ideas1 said ,b]keley1 7 9 our m9ds2 ! mat]ial _w 0 pat*$ toge!r out ( our ideas2 x !re=e exi/$ only 9 our m9ds4 ,to ! sugge/ion t ! idea ( ! ext]nal _w is ( c\rse 9 our m9ds1 b t our m9ds h con/ruct$ x by treat+ s5sations z effects ( a p]man5t sub/ance di/ribut$ 9 a p]man5t space1 he w\ld reply t ?is means no?+1 because 8sub/ance10 8p]man5ce10 & 8space0 are non-exi/5t ideas1 i4e41 !y are n images 9 s5se4 ,!y might1 h[ev]1 be 8notions0 l t ( 8_s10 :i* ,b]keley +5u\sly admitt$ into 8 sy/em1 to be1 my/]i\sly en\gh1 t :i* has ideas4 ,or !y might be 7:at w\ld d j z well = our purpose7 t :i* he else:]e call$ !m1 algebraic signs us$ to facilitate ! op]ations ( ?\ght4 ,?is is1 inde$1 :at !y are1 if we take ! ^w algebraic 9 a loose en\gh s5se4 ,!y are l algebraic signs 9 be+1 9 respect ( _! object or signification1 n concrete images b t]ms 9 a m5tal process1 elem5ts 9 a me?od ( inf]5ce4 ,:y1 !n1 d5\nce !m8 ,!y c\ld be us$ ) all confid5ce to lead u back to ! concrete values = :i* !y /ood & to ! relations :i* !y enabl$ u to /ate & discov]4 ,exp]i5ce w\ld ?us be furni%$ ) an intelligible /ructure & articulation1 & a psy*ological analysis w\ld be made ( k into its s5su\s mat]ial & its ideal objects4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ,b]keley's objection to ^! algebraic me?ods ( inf]5ce & to ! notions ( space1 matt]1 indep5d5t exi/5ce1 & effici5t causality :i* ^! me?ods involve8 ,sid5ote3 ,horror ( physics4 ,:at he abhorr$ 0 ! belief t su* me?ods ( int]pret+ exp]i5ce 7 ultimate & truly valid1 & t by ?9k+ aft] ! fa%ion ( 8ma!matical a!i/s0 we c\ld und]/& exp]i5ce z well z x c be und]/ood4 ,if ! flux ( ideas _h no o!r key to x ?an t sy/em ( associations & algebraic sub/itutions :i* is call$ ! natural _w we %\ld inde$ "k j z well :at to expect 9 practice & %\ld receive ! same education 9 p]ception & reflection2 b :at diff]5ce w\ld !re be betwe5 su* an ideali/ & ! mo/ pe/il5tial mat]iali/1 save 8 ev5 great] w>9ess & scepticism8 ,b]keley at ?is "t--long be=e days ( 8,siris0 & t>-wat]--0 too ignorant & ha/y to und]/& h[ inane all spiritual or poetic ideals w\ld be did !y n express man's tragic dep5d5ce on nature & 8 congru\s developm5t 9 h] bosom4 ,he liv$ 9 an age :5 ! /udy & dom9ion ( ext]nal ?+s no long] s]v$ directly spiritual uses4 ,! middle-m5 _h appe>$1 ^? spirits 9 :om ! pursuit ( ! true & ! practical nev] leads to possession ( ! good1 b loses itself1 l a riv] 9 s&1 amid irrational habits & passions4 ,he 0 accord+ly repell$ by :atev] philosophy 0 9 him1 no less ?an by 8 religi\s prejudices1 f subm]g5ce 9 ext]nal int]e/s1 & he c\ld see no bett] way ( v9dicat+ ! supremacy ( moral goods ?an to d5y ! reality ( matt]1 ! f9ality ( sci5ce1 & ! con/ructive p[]s ( reason altoge!r4 ,) hone/ ,engli% empiricism he saw t sci5ce _h no?+ absolute or sacrosanct ab\t x1 & rightly plac$ ! value ( !ory 9 its humane uses2 b ! complem5t>y tru? escap$ him altoge!r t only ! free & contemplative expression ( reason1 ( :i* sci5ce is a *ief "p1 c r5d] any?+ else humane1 useful1 or practical4 ,he 0 accord+ly a p>ty man 9 philosophy1 :]e p>tisan%ip is treason1 & oppos$ ! "w ( reason 9 ! !oretical field1 hop+ ?us to advance x 9 ! moral4 ,sid5ote3 ,pu]ility 9 morals4 ,( ! moral field he _h1 x ne$ h>dly be add$1 a q *ildi% & p]functory conception4 ,!re ! pray]-book & ! cate*ism c\ld solve e problem4 ,he lack$ ! feel+1 possess$ by all l>ge & mature m9ds1 t !re w\ld be no intelligibility or value 9 ?+s div9e 7 !y n int]pretations & sublimations ( ?+s natural4 ,to ma/] ! real _w 0 an anci5t & n too promis+ ambition3 x suit$ 8 y\?ful radicalism bett] to exorcise or to cajole x4 ,he s\ght to refre% ! _w ) a wat]-sp\t ( idealism1 z if to *ange ! names ( ?+s c\ld *ange _! values4 ,away ) all arid inve/igation1 away ) ! cold algebra ( s5se & reason1 & let u h in/ead a direct conv]sation ) heav51 an uncl\d$ vision ( ! purposes & goodness ( ,god2 z if !re 7 any o!r way ( und]/&+ ! s\rces ( human happ9ess ?an to /udy ! ways ( nature & man4 ,conv]se ) ,god has be5 ! life ( _m a wis] & sadd] philosoph] ?an ,b]keley2 b !y1 l ,plato1 = in/ance1 or ,sp9oza1 h made exp]i5ce ! subject z well z ! language ( t int]c\rse1 & h ?us giv5 ! div9e revelation "s degree ( p]t95ce & articulation4 ,b]keley 9 8 positive doctr9e 0 satisfi$ ) ! vague/ g5]alities2 he made no ef=t to f9d out h[ ! consci\sness t ,god is ! direct au?or ( our incid5tal p]ceptions is to help u to deal ) !m2 :at o!r insights & pr9ciples are to be sub/itut$ = ^? t disclose ! economy ( nature2 h[ ! moral difficulties incid5t to an absolute provid5tialism are to be met1 or h[ ! exi/5ce & influ5ce ( fell[-m9ds is to be def5d$4 ,s t to a piety inspir$ by conv5tional !ology & a psy*ology t refus$ to pass1 except grudg+ly & un9tellig5tly1 beyond ! s5su\s /ratum1 ,b]keley _h no?+ to add by way ( philosophy4 ,an insignificant repetition ( ! truism t ideas are all 89 ! m9d0 con/itut$ 8 total wisdom4 ,to be 0 to be p]ceiv$4 ,t 0 ! great maxim by virtue ( :i* we 7 ask$1 if n to refra9 f conceiv+ nature at all1 :i* 0 p]haps impossible at s late a /age 9 human developm5t1 at lea/ to refra9 f reg>d+ our necess>y ?\ghts on nature z true or rational4 ,intellig5ce 0 b a false me?od ( imag9ation by :i* ,god tra9$ u 9 action & ?\ght2 = x 0 app>5tly impossible to end[ u ) a true me?od t w\ld s]ve t end4 ,& :at %all we ?9k ( ! critical acum5 or practical wisdom ( a philosoph] :o dream$ ( "s o!r crit]ion ( tru? ?an necess>y implication 9 ?\ght & action8 ,sid5ote3 ,truism & sophism4 ,9 ! melodramatic fa%ion s common 9 :at is call$ philosophy we may delight ourselves ) su* fla%es ( lightn+ z ?is3 esse e/ p]cipi4 ,! tru? ( ?is p>adox lies 9 ! fact t ?r\gh p]ception alone c we get at be+--a mode/ & famili> notion :i* makes1 z ,plato's 8,!tetus0 %[s1 n a bad po9t ( dep>ture = a s]i\s !ory ( k4 ,! sophi/ical int5t ( x1 h[ev]1 is to d5y our "r to make a di/9ction :i* 9 fact we d make & :i* ! speak] himself is mak+ z he utt]s ! phrase2 = he w\ld n be s pr\d ( himself if he ?\ght he 0 ?und]+ a tautology4 ,if a ?+ 7 nev] p]ceiv$1 or inf]r$ f p]ception1 we %\ld inde$ nev] "k t x exi/$2 b once p]ceiv$ or inf]r$ x may be m conducive to compreh5sion & practical compet5ce to reg>d x z exi/+ indep5d5tly ( our p]ception2 & our ability to make ?is supposition is regi/]$ 9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two words to be & to be p]ceiv$--words :i* are by no means synonym\s b designate two v diff]5t relations ( ?+s 9 ?\ght4 ,su* idealism at "o fell swoop1 ?r\gh a collapse ( ass]tive intellect & a )drawal ( reason into self-consci\sness1 has ! puzzl+ "* ( any clev] pun1 t susp5ds ! fancy betwe5 two incompatible b irresi/ible mean+s4 ,! art ( su* sophi/ry is to *oose = an axiom "s ambigu\s phrase :i* tak5 9 "o s5se is a truism & tak5 9 ano!r is an absurdity2 & !n1 by %[+ ! tru? ( t truism1 to give out t ! absurdity has also be5 prov$4 ,x is a truism to say t ,i am ! only seat or locus ( my ideas1 & t :atev] ,i "k is kn[n by me2 x is an absurdity to say t ,i am ! only object ( my ?\ght & p]ception4 ,sid5ote3 ,reality is ! practical made intelligible4 ,to confuse ! in/rum5t ) its function & ! op]ation ) its mean+ has be5 a p]si/5t foible 9 mod]n philosophy4 ,x c\ld ?us come ab\t t ! function ( intellig5ce %\ld be altoge!r misconceiv$ & 9 consequ5ce d5i$1 :5 x 0 discov]$ t figm5ts ( reason c\ld nev] become elem5ts ( s5se b mu/ always rema91 z ( c\rse !y %\ld1 ideal & regulative objects1 & !re=e objects to :i* a practical & en]getic intellect w t5d to give ! "n ( realities4 ,matt] is a reality to ! practical intellect because x is a necess>y & ideal t]m 9 ! ma/]y ( exp]i5ce2 :ile negligible s5sations1 l dreams1 are call$ illusions by ! same au?ority because1 ?\gh actual en\gh :ile !y la/1 !y h no su/a9$ function & no "r to practical dom9ion4 ,let u imag9e ,b]keley address+ himself to t infant or animal consci\sness :i* fir/ us$ ! category ( sub/ance & pass$ f its p]ceptions to ! notion ( an indep5d5t ?+4 8,bew>e1 my *ild10 he w\ld h said1 8y are tak+ a dang]\s /ep1 "o :i* may h]eaft] produce a multitude ( ma!matical a!i/s1 n to speak ( cloi/]fuls ( s*ola/ic trifl]s4 ,y\r ideas c exi/ only 9 y\r m9d2 if y suff] y\rself to imag9e !m mat]ialis$ 9 mid-air & subsi/+ :5 y d n p]ceive !m1 y w commit a great impiety4 ,if y un?9k+ly believe t :5 y %ut y\r eyes ! _w cont9ues to exi/ until y op5 !m aga91 y w inevitably be hurri$ into an inf9ity ( metaphysical quibbles ab\t ! discrete & ! cont9u\s1 & y w be s bewild]$ & deaf5$ by p]petual controv]sies t ! cle> light ( ! gospel w be ext+ui%$ 9 y\r s\l40 8,b10 t t5d] ,p]ipatetic might answ]1 8,i _c =get ! ?+s ab\t me :5 ,i %ut my eyes3 ,i "k & almo/ feel _! p]si/5t pres5ce1 & ,i always f9d !m aga91 ^u trial1 j z !y 7 be=e1 or j 9 t condition to :i* ! op]ation ( natural causes w\ld h br\ght !m 9 my abs5ce4 ,if ,i believe !y rema9 & suff] /eady & imp]ceptible trans=mation1 ,i "k :at to expect1 & ! ev5t does n deceive me2 b if ,i _h to resolve ^u action be=e kn[+ :e!r ! conditions = action 7 to exi/ or no1 ,i %\ld nev] und]/& :at sort ( a _w ,i liv$ 940 8,ah1 my *ild10 ! good ,bi%op w\ld reply1 8y misund]/& me4 ,y may inde$1 nay1 y mu/1 live & ?9k z if ev]y?+ rema9$ indep5d5tly real4 ,t is "p ( y\r education = heav51 :i* ,god 9 8 goodness provides = y 9 ?is life4 ,he w s5d into y\r s\l at e mom5t ! impressions ne$$ to v]ify y\r necess>y hypo!ses & support y\r humble & prud5t expectations4 ,only y mu/ n attribute t con/ancy to ! ?+s !mselves :i* is due to /eadfa/ness 9 ! designs ( ,provid5ce4 ,?9k & act z if a mat]ial _w exi/$1 b d n = a mom5t believe x to exi/40 ,sid5ote3 ,va9 8realities0 & tru/wor?y 8fictions40 ,) ?is advice1 com+ reassur+ly f ! comb9$ =ces ( scepticism & religion1 we may leave ! embryonic m9d to its own devices1 satisfi$ t ev5 accord+ to ! mo/ malici\s psy*ologi/s its fir/ /ep t[>d ! compreh5sion ( exp]i5ce is "o x may congratulate itself on hav+ tak5 & :i*1 = ! pres5t at lea/1 x is n call$ ^u to retrace4 ,! ,life ( ,reason is n conc]n$ ) speculation ab\t un?9kable & gratuit\s 8realities02 x seeks m]ely to atta9 ^? conceptions :i* are necess>y & appropriate to man 9 8 act+ & ?9k+4 ,! fir/ among ^!1 und]ly+ all arts & philosophies alike1 is ! indisp5sable conception ( p]man5t ext]nal objects1 =m+ 9 _! cong]ies1 %ifts1 & secret animation ! sy/em & life ( nature4 ,,note--,!re is a l>g] "q rais$ by ,b]keley's argum5ts :i* ,i h n attempt$ to discuss "h1 namely1 :e!r k is possible at all1 & :e!r any m5tal repres5tation c be suppos$ to in=m u ab\t any?+4 ,b]keley ( c\rse assum$ ?is p[] 9 t he cont9u$ to believe 9 ,god1 9 o!r spirits1 9 ! cont9uity ( exp]i5ce1 & 9 its discov]able laws4 ,8 objection to mat]ial objects1 !re=e1 c\ld n consi/5tly be t !y are objects ( k r ?an absolute feel+s1 exhau/$ by _! mom5t>y possession 9 consci\sness4 ,x c\ld only be t !y are un?9kable & invalid objects1 9 :i* ! mat]ials ( s5se are giv5 a mode ( exi/5ce inconsi/5t ) _! nature4 ,b if ! only criticism to :i* mat]ial objects 7 obnoxi\s 7 a dialectical criticism1 su* z t conta9$ 9 ,kant's ant9omies1 ! royal road to idealism covet$ by ,b]keley w\ld be block$2 to be an idea 9 ! m9d w\ld n involve lack ( cognitive & repres5tative value 9 t idea4 ,! fact t mat]ial objects 7 repres5t$ or conceiv$ w\ld n ( itself prove t !y c\ld n h a real exi/5ce4 ,x w\ld be necess>y1 to prove _! unreality1 to /udy _! nature & function & to comp>e !m ) su* conceptions z ^? ( ,provid5ce & a _s-_w 9 ord] to det]m9e _! relative validity4 ,su* a critical comp>ison w\ld h augur$ ill = ,b]keley's prejudices2 :at its result might h be5 we c see 9 ,kant's ,critique ( ,pure ,reason4 ,9 ord] to escape su* evil om5s & prev5t ! collapse ( 8 my/ical p>adoxes1 ,b]keley keeps 9 res]ve a mu* m insidi\s weapon1 ! sceptical d\bt z to ! repres5tative "* ( any?+ m5tal1 ! possible illusiv5ess ( all k4 ,?is d\bt he invokes 9 all ^? turns ( ?\ght & phrase 9 :i* he sugge/s t if an idea is 9 ! m9d x _c h its c\nt]p>t else:]e1 & t a giv5 cognition exhau/s & conta9s its object4 ,!re are1 !n1 two sep>ate maxims 9 8 philosophy1 "o held consi/5tly1 viz41 t no?+ c be kn[n :i* is diff]5t 9 "* or nature f ! object pres5t to ! ?9k+ m9d2 ! o!r1 held incid5tally & inconsi/5tly1 s9ce x is de/ructive ( all pr$ication & k1 viz41 t no?+ c exi/ beyond ! m9d :i* is simil> 9 nature or "* to ! 8ideas0 )9 x2 or1 to put ! same ?+ 9 o!r words1 t no?+ c be reveal$ by an idea :i* is diff]5t f t idea 9 po9t ( exi/5ce4 ,! fir/ maxim does n contradict ! exi/5ce ( ext]nal objects 9 space2 ! second contradicts e conception t ! human m9d c ev] =m1 ! mo/ airy no less ?an ! grosse/4 ,no ideali/ c g s f> z to d5y t 8 memory repres5ts 8 pa/ exp]i5ce by inw>d simil>ity & consci\s int5tion1 or1 if he pref]s ?is language1 t ! mom5ts or aspects ( ! div9e m9d repres5t "o ano!r & _! g5]al sy/em4 ,else ! ideali/'s philosophy itself w\ld be an insignificant & mom5t>y illusion4 ,,*apt] ,v--,,nature ,,unifi$ ,,& ,,m9d ,,disc]n$ ,sid5ote3 ,man's feeble grasp ( nature4 ,:5 ! m9d has le>n$ to di/+ui% ext]nal objects & to attribute to !m a con/ant size1 %ape1 & pot5cy1 9 spite ( ! v>iety & int]mitt5ce rul+ 9 direct exp]i5ce1 !re yet rema9s a great "w to d be=e atta9+ a cle>1 ev5 if sup]ficial1 view ( ! _w4 ,an animal's cu/om>y habitat may h con/ant features & _! relations 9 space may be le>n$ by cont9u\s exploration2 b probably _m o!r l&scapes are also )9 ! range ( memory & fancy t /& 9 no visible relation to ! place 9 :i* we f9d ourselves at a giv5 mom5t4 ,x is true t1 at ?is day1 we take x = grant$ t all real places1 z we call !m1 lie 9 "o space1 9 :i* !y hold def9ite geometric relations to "o ano!r2 & if we h glimpses ( any region = :i* no room c be f\nd 9 ! s+le map ( ! univ]se :i* a/ronomy has drawn1 we unhesitat+ly relegate t region to ! l& ( dreams4 ,s9ce ! ,elysian ,fields & ! ,coa/ ( ,bohemia h no assignable latitude & longitude1 we call ^! places imag9>y1 ev5 if 9 "s dream we rememb] to h visit$ !m & dwelt !re ) no less s5se ( reality ?an 9 ?is s+le & geometrical _w ( comm]ce4 ,x belongs to sanity & common-s5se1 z m5 n[ possess !m1 to admit no c\ntries unkn[n to geography & fill+ no "p ( ! conv5tional space 9 ?ree dim5sions4 ,all our wak+ exp]i5ce is und]/ood to g on 9 "s "p ( ?is space1 & no c\rt ( law w\ld admit evid5ce relat+ to ev5ts 9 "s o!r sph]e4 ,?is pr9ciple1 axiomatic z x has become1 is 9 no way primitive1 s9ce primitive exp]i5ce is sporadic & introduces u to deta*$ sc5es sep>at$ by lapses 9 our s5ses & att5tion4 ,^! sc5es d n hang toge!r 9 any local contiguity4 ,to con/ruct a *>t ( ! _w is a difficult feat ( syn!tic imag9ation1 n to be p]=m$ )\t speculative boldness & a h]oic ins5sibility to ! claims ( fancy4 ,ev5 n[ mo/ p live )\t topographical ideas & h no cle> conception ( ! spatial relations t keep toge!r ! _w 9 :i* !y move4 ,!y feel _! daily way ab\t l animals1 foll[+ a habitual sc5t1 )\t dom9at+ ! range ( _! in/9ctive w&]+s4 ,reality is r a /ory to !m ?an a sy/em ( objects & =ces1 nor w\ld !y ?9k !mselves mad if at any "t _! exp]i5ce %\ld w&] into a f\r? dim5sion4 ,vague dramatic & moral laws1 :5 !y f9d any casual application1 seem to su* dream+ m9ds m notable tru?s1 deep] revelations ( efficaci\s reality1 ?an ! me*anical necessities ( ! case1 :i* !y sc>cely conceive (2 & 9 ?is primordial prejudice !y are confirm$ by sup]/iti\s aff9ities (t5 surviv+ 9 _! religion & philosophy4 ,9 ! mid/ ( cities & affairs !y are l l&sm5 at sea1 incapable ( an intellectual conception ( _! position3 nor h !y any complete confid5ce 9 _! pr9ciples ( navigation4 ,!y "k ! log>i?ms by rote m]ely1 & if !y reflect are r$uc$ to a /upid wond] & only half believe !y are 9 a kn[n univ]se or w ev] rea* an e>?ly port4 ,x w\ld n require sup]human eloqu5ce 9 "s prophetic pass5g] to p]suade !m to ?r[ compass & quadrant ov]bo>d & /e] en?usia/ically = ,el ,dorado4 ,! !ory ( navigation is ess5tially z speculative z t ( salvation1 only x has surviv$ m exp]i5ces ( ! judgm5t & repeat$ly br\ght ^? :o tru/ 9 x to _! promis$ l&4 ,sid5ote3 ,its unity ideal & discov]able only by /eady ?\ght4 ,! !ory t all real objects & places lie toge!r 9 "o ev5 & homog5e\s space1 conceiv$ z simil> 9 its con/itution to ! p>ts ( ext5sion ( :i* we h imm$iate intuition1 is a !ory ( ! greate/ practical importance & validity4 ,by its light we c>ry on all our affairs1 & ! success ( our action :ile we rely ^u x is ! be/ pro( ( its tru?4 ,! imag9ative p>simony & discipl9e :i* su* a !ory involves are balanc$ by ! imm5se ext5sion & c]titude x gives to k4 ,x is at once an act ( allegiance to nature & a ,magna ,*>ta :i* m9d imposes on ! tyrann\s _w1 :i* 9 turn pl$ges itself be=e ! assembl$ faculties ( man n to exce$ its con/itutional privilege & to h>b\r no magic mon/]s 9 unatta9able lairs f :i* !y might issue to di/urb human lab\rs4 ,yet t spontane\s intellig5ce :i* fir/ enabl$ m5 to make ?is g5ial discov]y & take s fundam5tal a /ep t[>d tam+ exp]i5ce %\ld n be laid by aft] ?is fir/ victory2 x is a weapon ne$$ 9 _m subsequ5t conflicts4 ,to conceive t all nature makes "o sy/em is only a beg9n+3 ! articulation ( natural life has /ill to be discov]$ 9 detail &1 :at is m1 a simil> articulation has to be giv5 to ! psy*ic _w :i* n[1 by ! v act t con/itutes ,nature & makes h] consi/5t1 appe>s at h] side or r 9 h] bosom4 ,t ! unification ( nature is ev5tual & !oretical is a po9t useful to rememb]3 else ! relation ( ! natural _w to poetry1 metaphysics1 & religion w nev] become intelligible4 ,lal&e1 or :oev] x 01 :o se>*$ ! heav5s ) 8 telescope & c\ld f9d no ,god1 w\ld n h f\nd ! human m9d if he _h se>*$ ! bra9 ) a microscope4 ,yet ,god exi/$ 9 man's appreh5sion long be=e ma!matics or ev51 p]haps1 be=e ! vault ( heav52 = ! objectification ( ! :ole m9d1 ) its passions & motives1 naturally prec$es t ab/raction by :i* ! idea ( a mat]ial _w is drawn f ! *aos ( exp]i5ce1 an ab/raction :i* culm9ates 9 su* atomic & a/ronomical !ories z sci5ce is n[ famili> )4 ,! s5se = life 9 ?+s1 be !y small or great1 is n d]iv$ f ! ab/ract idea ( _! bodies b is an anci5t concomitant to t idea1 insep>able f x until x became ab/ract4 ,tru? & mat]iality1 me*anism & ideal int]e/s1 are collat]al projections f "o roll+ exp]i5ce1 :i* %[s up "o aspect or ! o!r z x develops v>i\s functions & dom9ates itself to v>i\s ends4 ,:5 "o ore is ab/ract$ & purifi$1 ! residuum subsi/s 9 t primeval qu>ry 9 :i* x orig9ally lay4 ,! failure to f9d ,god among ! />s1 or ev5 ! attempt to f9d him !re1 does n indicate t human exp]i5ce af=ds no av5ue to ! idea ( ,god--= hi/ory proves ! contr>y--b indicates r ! atrophy 9 ?is p>ticul> man ( ! imag9ative faculty by :i* 8 race _h atta9$ to t idea4 ,su* an atrophy might inde$ become g5]al1 & ,god w\ld 9 t case disappe> f human exp]i5ce z music w\ld disappe> if univ]sal deafness attack$ ! race4 ,su* an ev5t is made conceivable by ! loss ( alli$ imag9ative habits1 :i* is obs]vable 9 hi/oric times4 ,yet possible v>iations 9 human faculty d n involve ! illegitimacy ( su* faculties z actually subsi/2 & ! ab/ract _w kn[n to sci5ce1 unless x dries up ! anci5t f\nta9s ( ideation by its habitual pres5ce 9 ?\ght1 does n remove ^? p>allel dramatisations or ab/ractions :i* exp]i5ce may h sugge/$ to m54 ,:at enables m5 to p]ceive ! unity ( nature is ! unification ( _! own wills4 ,a man half-asleep1 )\t fix$ purposes1 )\t intellectual ke5ness or joy 9 recognition1 might graze ab\t l an animal1 =gett+ ea* satisfaction 9 ! next & bani%+ f 8 frivol\s m9d ! memory ( e sorr[2 :at _h j fail$ to kill him w\ld leave him z ?\ghtless & unconc]n$ z if x _h nev] cross$ 8 pa?4 ,su* irrational ela/icity & innoc5t improvid5ce w\ld nev] put two & two toge!r4 ,e morn+ !re w\ld be a new _w ) ! same fool to live 9 x4 ,b let "s sob]+ passion1 "s s]i\s int]e/1 l5d p]spective to ! m9d1 & a po9t ( ref]5ce w imm$iately be giv5 = protract$ obs]vation2 !n ! laws ( nature w beg9 to dawn ^u ?\ght4 ,e exp]im5t w become a lesson1 e ev5t w be rememb]$ z fav\rable or unfav\rable to ! ma/]-passion4 ,at fir/1 inde$1 ?is ke5 obs]vation w probably be animi/ic & ! laws discov]$ w be *iefly habits1 human or div9e1 special fav\rs or envi\s puni%m5ts & w>n+s4 ,b ! same con/ancy ( aim :i* discov]s ! dramatic conflicts compos+ society1 & tries to read nature 9 t]ms ( passion1 w1 if x be long su/a9$1 discov] beh9d ?is glori\s *aos a deep] me*anical ord]4 ,m5's ?\ghts1 l ! wea!r1 are n s arbitr>y z !y seem & ! true ma/] 9 obs]vation1 ! man guid$ by a /eadfa/ & sup]ior purpose1 w see !m revolv+ ab\t _! c5tres 9 ob$i5ce to q calculable in/9cts1 & ! pr9ciple ( all _! flutt]+s w n be hidd5 f 8 eyes4 ,belief 9 indet]m9ism is a sign ( indet]m9ation4 ,no comm&+ or /eady intellect flirts ) s mis]able a possibility1 :i* 9 s f> z x actually prevail$ w\ld make virtue impot5t & exp]i5ce1 9 its pregnant s5se1 impossible4 ,sid5ote3 ,m9d ! erratic residue ( exi/5ce4 ,we h said t ^? objects :i* _c be incorporat$ into ! "o space :i* ! und]/&+ envisages are relegat$ to ano!r sph]e call$ imag9ation4 ,we rea* "h a mo/ important coroll>y4 ,z mat]ial objects1 mak+ a s+le sy/em :i* fills space & evolves 9 "t1 are conceiv$ by ab/raction f ! flux ( s5su\s exp]i5ce1 s1 p>i passu1 ! re/ ( exp]i5ce1 ) all its o!r outgr[?s & concretions1 falls out ) ! physical _w & =ms ! sph]e ( m9d1 ! sph]e ( memory1 fancy1 & ! passions4 ,we h 9 ?is discrim9ation ! g5esis ( m9d1 n ( c\rse 9 ! transc5d5tal s5se 9 :i* ! ^w m9d is ext5d$ to mean ! sum total & m]e fact ( exi/5ce--= m9d1 s tak51 c h no orig9 & inde$ no specific mean+--b ! g5esis ( m9d z a det]m9ate =m ( be+1 a di/+ui%able "p ( ! univ]se kn[n to exp]i5ce & disc\rse1 ! m9d t unravels itself 9 m$itation1 inhabits animal bodies1 & is /udi$ 9 psy*ology4 ,m9d1 9 ?is prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 is ! residue ( exi/5ce1 ! leav+s1 s to speak1 & p>+s ( exp]i5ce :5 ! mat]ial _w has be5 cut out ( ! :ole clo?4 ,reflection und]l9es 9 ! *aotic cont9uum ( s5se & long+ ^? aspects t h practical significance2 x selects ! efficaci\s +r$i5ts 9 ! _w4 ,! tru/wor?y object :i* is ?us reta9$ 9 ?\ght1 ! complex ( connect$ ev5ts1 is nature1 & ?\gh s intelligible an object is n soon nor vulg>ly recognis$1 because human reflection is p]turb$ & halt+1 yet e =w>d /ep 9 sci5tific & practical k is a /ep t[>d its cle>] def9ition4 ,at fir/ mu* p>asitic matt] cl+s to t dynamic skeleton4 ,nature is drawn l a sponge heavy & dripp+ f ! wat]s ( s5ti5ce4 ,x is soak$ ) inefficaci\s passions & ov]laid ) idle accretions4 ,nature1 9 a ^w1 is at fir/ conceiv$ my?ically1 dramatically1 & reta9s mu* ( ! un9telligible1 sporadic habit ( animal exp]i5ce itself4 ,b z att5tion awakes & discrim9ation1 practically inspir$1 gr[s firm & /able1 irrelevant qualities are /ripp$ (f1 & ! me*anical process1 ! efficaci\s infallible ord]1 is cle>ly disclos$ b5ea?4 ,meantime ! incid5tal effects1 ! 8second>y qualities10 are relegat$ to a p]sonal inconsequ5tial region2 !y con/itute ! realm ( appe>ance1 ! realm ( m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,gho/ly "* ( m9d4 ,m9d is !re=e sometimes id5tifi$ ) ! unreal4 ,we oppose1 9 an anti!sis natural to ?\ght & language1 ! imag9>y to ! true1 fancy to fact1 idea to ?+4 ,b ?is ?+1 fact1 or ext]nal reality is1 z we h se51 a completion & hypo/asis ( c]ta9 portions ( exp]i5ce1 pack$ into su* %apes z prove cog5t 9 ?\ght & practice4 ,! /uff ( ext]nal reality1 ! matt] out ( :i* its idea is made1 is !re=e cont9u\s ) ! /uff & matt] ( our own m9ds4 ,_! common sub/ance is ! imm$iate flux4 ,?is liv+ worm has propagat$ by fission1 & ! two halves into :i* x has divid$ its life are m9d & nature4 ,m9d has kept & cl>ifi$ ! crude appe>ance1 ! dream1 ! purpose t see!d 9 ! mass2 nature has appropriat$ ! ord]1 ! con/ant conditions1 ! causal sub/ructure1 disclos$ 9 reflection1 by :i* ! imm$iate flux is expla9$ & controll$4 ,! *emi/ry ( ?\ght has precipitat$ ^! contra/$ t]ms1 ea* ma9ta9+ a recognisable id5tity & hav+ ! function ( a po9t ( ref]5ce = memory & w4 ,"s ( ^! t]ms or objects ( ?\ght we call ?+s & m>%al 9 all _! ideal /ability--= !re is con/ancy 9 _! motions & trans=mations--to make ! intelligible ext]nal _w ( practice & sci5ce4 ,:atev] /uff has n be5 absorb$ 9 ?is con/ruction1 :atev] facts ( s5sation1 ideation1 or w1 d n coalesce ) ! newe/ conception ( reality1 we !n call ! m9d4 ,raw exp]i5ce1 !n1 lies at ! basis ( ! idea ( nature & approves its reality2 :ile an equal reality belongs to ! residue ( exp]i5ce1 n tak5 up1 z yet1 into t idea4 ,b ?is residual s5su\s reality (t5 seems comp>atively unreal because :at x pres5ts is entirely )\t practical =ce ap>t f its me*anical associates4 ,?is inconsequ5tial "* ( :at rema9s ov] foll[s ( itself f ! concretion ( :atev] is con/ant & efficaci\s into ! ext]nal _w4 ,if ?is fact is ev] call$ 9 "q1 x is only because ! ext]nal _w is vaguely conceiv$1 & loose wills & ideas are ?\ght to gov]n x by magic4 ,yet 9 _m ways fall+ %ort ( absolute precision p recognise t ?\ght is n dynamic or1 z !y call x1 n real4 ,! idea ( ! physical _w is ! fir/ fl[] or ?ick cream ( practical ?9k+4 ,be+ skimm$ (f fir/ & prov+ s nutriti\s1 x leaves ! liquid bel[ some:at ?9 & unsav\ry4 ,especially does ?is result appe> :5 sci5ce is /ill unprun$ & my?ical1 s t :at passes into ! idea ( mat]ial nature is mu* m ?an ! truly causal network ( =ces1 & includes _m spiritual & moral functions4 ,! mat]ial _w1 z conceiv$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 _h n t cle> ab/ractness1 nor ! spiritual _w t weal? & int]e/1 :i* !y h acquir$ = mod]n m9ds4 ,! complex reactions ( man's s\l _h be5 objectifi$ toge!r ) ^? visual & tactile s5sations :i*1 r$uc$ to a ma!matical baldness1 n[ furni% t]ms to natural sci5ce4 ,m9d !n dwelt 9 ! _w1 n only 9 ! w>m? & beauty ) :i* x lit]ally clo!d mat]ial objects1 z x /ill does 9 poetic p]ception1 b 9 a lit]al animi/ic way2 = human passion & reflection 7 attribut$ to e object & made a fairy-l& ( ! _w4 ,poetry & religion disc]n$ life 9 ^? v places 9 :i* s5se & und]/&+ p]ceiv$ body2 & :5 s mu* ( ! burd5 ( exp]i5ce took w+ into space1 & ! s\l h]self float$ almo/ visibly among ! =ms ( nature1 x is no m>vel t ! poor remnant1 a mass ( m]ely p]sonal tr\bles1 an un9t]e/+ di/ortion ( ?+s 9 individual m9ds1 %\ld h seem$ a sad & unsub/antial accid5t4 ,! inn] _w 0 all ! m gho/ly because ! out] _w 0 s mu* alive4 ,sid5ote3 ,hypo/asis & criticism bo? ne$ control4 ,?is movem5t ( ?\ght1 :i* clo!d ext]nal objects 9 all ! weal? ( undeciph]$ dreams1 has long lo/ its mom5tum & yield$ to a contr>y t5d5cy4 ,j z ! hypo/asis ( "s t]ms 9 exp]i5ce is sanction$ by reason1 :5 ! objects s fix$ & ext]nalis$ c s]ve z causes & explanations = ! ord] ( ev5ts1 s ! criticism :i* t5ds to retract t hypo/asis is sanction$ by reason :5 ! hypo/asis has exce$$ its function & ! ext]nal object conceiv$ is load$ ) useless ornam5t4 ,! transc5d5tal & functional secret ( su* hypo/ases1 h[ev]1 is seldom appreciat$ by ! headlong m9d2 s t ! ebb no less ?an ! fl[ ( objectification goes on bl9dly & impulsively1 & is c>ri$ to absurd extremes4 ,an age ( my?ology yields to an age ( subjectivity2 reason be+ equally neglect$ & exce$$ 9 bo?4 ,! reaction aga9/ imag9ation has left ! ext]nal _w1 z repres5t$ 9 _m m9ds1 />k & b>e4 ,all ! int]e/+ & vital qualities :i* matt] _h once be5 end[$ ) h be5 attribut$ in/ead to an irresponsible s5sibility 9 man4 ,& z habits ( ideation *ange sl[ly & yield only piecemeal to criticism or to fre% intuitions1 su* a revolution has n be5 c>ri$ out consi/5tly1 b in/ead ( a ?or\gh r5am+ ( ?+s & a new organisation ( ?\ght x has produc$ *iefly di/ress & confusion4 ,"s phases ( ?is confusion may p]haps repay a mom5t's att5tion2 !y may enable u1 :5 se5 9 _! logical sequ5ce1 to und]/& some:at bett] ! hypo/asis+ intellect t is try+ to ass]t itself & come to ! light ?r\gh all ^! grop+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,comp>ative con/ancy 9 objects & 9 ideas ,:at helps 9 ! fir/ place to disclose a p]man5t object is a p]man5t s5sation4 ,!re is a va/ & cle> diff]5ce betwe5 a float+ & a fix$ feel+2 ! latt]1 9 normal circum/ances1 is pres5t only :5 cont9u\s /imulation r5ews x at e mom5t4 ,att5tion may w&]1 b ! objects 9 ! environm5t d n cease to radiate _! influ5ces on ! body1 :i* is !reby n all[$ to lose ! modification :i* ^? influ5ces provoke4 ,! consequ5t p]ception is !re=e always at h& & 9 its repetitions sub/antially id5tical4 ,p]ceptions n r5ew$ 9 ?is way by cont9u\s /imulation come & g ) c]ebral curr5ts2 !y are r>e visitors1 in/ead ( be+1 l ext]nal objects1 memb]s ( ! h\sehold4 ,intellig5ce is mo/ at home 9 ! ultimate1 :i* is ! object ( int5t4 ,^? realities :i* x c tru/ & cont9ually recov] are its famili> & belov$ companions4 ,! mi/s t may orig9ally h divid$ x f !m1 & :i* psy*ologi/s call ! m9d1 are gladly =gott5 s soon z intellig5ce avails to pi]ce !m1 & z fri5dly communication c be e/abli%$ ) ! real _w4 ,moreov]1 p]ceptions n su/a9$ by a con/ant ext]nal /imulus are apt to be greatly *ang$ :5 !y reappe>1 & to be *ang$ unacc\ntably1 :]eas ext]nal ?+s %[ "s me?od & proportion 9 _! v>iations4 ,ev5 :5 n mu* *ang$ 9 !mselves1 m]e ideas fall into a new sett+1 :]eas ?+s1 unless some?+ else has int]v5$ to move !m1 reappe> 9 _! old places4 ,f9ally ?+s are act$ ^u by o!r m51 b ?\ghts are hidd5 f !m by div9e miracle4 ,exi/5ce reveals reality :5 ! flux discloses some?+ p]man5t t dom9ates x4 ,:at is ?us dom9at$1 ?\gh x is ! prim>y exi/5ce itself1 is !reby degrad$ to appe>ance4 ,p]ceptions caus$ by ext]nal objects are1 z we h j se51 long su/a9$ 9 comp>ison ) ?\ghts & fancies2 b ! objects are !mselves 9 flux & a man's relation to !m may be ev5 m v>iable2 s t v (t5 a memory or a s5tim5t w recur1 almo/ un*ang$ 9 "*1 long aft] ! p]ception t fir/ ar\s$ x has become impossible4 ,! bra91 ?\gh mobile1 is subject to habit2 its =mations1 :ile !y lapse in/antly1 return aga9 & aga94 ,^! ideal objects may accord+ly be 9 a way m real & endur+ ?an ?+s ext]nal4 ,h5ce no primitive m9d puts all reality1 or :at is mo/ real 9 reality1 9 an ab/ract mat]ial univ]se4 ,x f9ds1 r1 ideal po9ts ( ref]5ce by :i* mat]ial mutation itself seems to be controll$4 ,an ideal _w is recognis$ f ! beg9n+ & plac$1 n 9 ! imm$iate =egr\nd1 ne>] ?an mat]ial ?+s1 b mu* f>!r (f4 ,x has great] sub/antiality & indep5d5ce ?an mat]ial objects are cr$it$ )4 ,x is div9e4 ,:5 agriculture1 comm]ce1 or manual crafts h giv5 m5 "s k ( nature1 ! _w ?us recognis$ & dom9at$ is f> f seem+ ultimate4 ,x is ?\ght to lie betwe5 two o!rs1 bo? n[ (t5 call$ m5tal1 b 9 _! orig9al quality altoge!r disp>ate3 ! _w ( spiritual =ces & t ( s5su\s appe>ance4 ,! notions ( p]man5ce & indep5d5ce by :i* mat]ial objects are conceiv$ apply also1 ( c\rse1 to ev]y?+ spiritual2 & :ile ! dom9ion ex]cis$ by spirits may be some:at prec>i\s1 !y are z remote z possible f imm$iacy & s5sation4 ,!y come & g2 !y gov]n nature or1 if !y neglect to d s1 x is f av]sion or high indiff]5ce2 !y visit man ) obsessions & diseases2 !y ha/5 to extricate him f difficulties2 & !y dwell 9 him1 con/itut+ 8 p[]s ( consci5ce & inv5tion4 ,s5se1 on ! o!r h&1 is a m]e effect1 ei!r ( body or _s or ( bo? 9 conjunction4 ,x gives a vitiat$ p]sonal view ( ^! realities4 ,its pleasures are dang]\s & un9tellig5t1 & x p]i%es z x goes4 ,sid5ote3 ,_s & s5se def9$ by _! relation to nature4 ,su* are1 = primitive app]ception1 ! ?ree great realms ( be+3 nature1 s5se1 & _s4 ,_! fronti]s1 h[ev]1 always rema9 unc]ta94 ,s5se1 because x is insignificant :5 made an object1 is long neglect$ by reflection4 ,no attempt is made to describe its processes or ally !m sy/ematically to natural *anges4 ,its illusions1 :5 notic$1 are reg>d$ z sc&als calculat$ to fo/] scepticism4 ,! spiritual _w is1 on ! o!r h&1 a con/ant !me = poetry & speculation4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( ideal sci5ce1 x c be conceiv$ only 9 my?s1 :i* are naturally z %ift+ & self-contradictory z !y are p]si/5t4 ,!y acquire no fix$ "* until1 9 dogmatic religion1 !y are def9$ ) ref]5ce to natural ev5ts1 =etold or report$4 ,nature is :at fir/ acquires a =m & !n imp>ts =m to ! o!r sph]es4 ,s5se admits def9ition & di/ribution only z an effect ( nature & _s only z its pr9ciple4 ,sid5ote3 ,vague notions ( nature involve vague notions ( _s4 ,! =m nature acquires is1 h[ev]1 itself vague & unc]ta9 & c ill s]ve1 = long ages1 to def9e ! o!r realms :i* dep5d on x = def9ition4 ,h5ce x has be5 common1 = in/ance1 to treat ! spiritual z a remote or f9] =m ( ! natural4 ,beyond ! moon ev]y?+ seem$ p]man5t2 x 0 !re=e call$ div9e & decl>$ to preside ov] ! re/4 ,! brea? t escap$ f ! lips at dea?1 s9ce x took away ) x ! spiritual control & miracul\s life t _h quick5$ ! fle%1 0 itself ! _s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 natural processes h be5 p]si/5tly attribut$ to spiritual causes1 = x 0 n matt] t mov$ itself b int5t t mov$ x4 ,?us _s 0 b>b>\sly tak5 = a natural sub/ance & a natural =ce4 ,x 0 id5tifi$ ) ev]y?+ 9 :i* x 0 manife/$1 s long z no natural causes c\ld be assign$ = t op]ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5se & _s ! life ( nature1 :i* sci5ce r$i/ributes b does n d5y4 ,if ! unification ( nature 7 complete s5se w\ld evid5tly fall )9 x2 x is to subt5d & su/a9 ! s5sible flux t intellig5ce ackn[l$ges fir/ /ray mat]ial objects & !n _! g5]al sy/em4 ,! elem5ts ( exp]i5ce n tak5 up into ! con/itution ( objects rema9 atta*$ to !m z _! life4 ,9 ! end ! dynamic skeleton1 )\t los+ its articulation1 w\ld be clo!d aga9 ) its fle%4 ,suppose my notions ( a/ronomy all[$ me to believe t ! sun1 s9k+ into ! sea1 0 ext+ui%$ e ev5+1 & t :at appe>$ ! next morn+ 0 8 y\ng] bro!r1 hat*$ 9 a sun-produc+ ne/ to be f\nd 9 ! ,ea/]n regions4 ,my !ory w\ld h robb$ ye/]day's sun ( its life & brightness2 x w\ld h ass]t$ t dur+ ! night no sun exi/$ any:]e2 b x w\ld h add$ ! sun's qualities afre% to a matt] t did n previ\sly possess !m1 namely1 to ! imag9$ egg t w\ld produce a sun = to-morr[4 ,suppose we sub/itute = t a/ronomy ! "o t n[ prevails3 we h depriv$ ! s+le sun--:i* n[ exi/s & spreads its influ5ces )\t int]ruption--( its humanity & ev5 ( its metaphysical unity4 ,x has become a cong]ies ( *emical sub/ances4 ,! facts reveal$ to p]ception h p>tly *ang$ _! locus & be5 diff]5tly deploy$ ?r\gh\t nature4 ,"s h become atta*$ to op]ations 9 ! human bra94 ,nature has n !reby lo/ any quality %e _h ev] manife/$2 ^! h m]ely be5 r$i/ribut$ s z to secure a m sy/ematic connection betwe5 !m all4 ,!y are ! mat]ials ( ! sy/em1 :i* has be5 conceiv$ by mak+ exi/5ces cont9u\s1 :5ev] ?is ext5sion ( _! be+ 0 ne$ful to r5d] _! recurr5ces intelligible4 ,s5se1 :i* 0 =m]ly reg>d$ z a sad di/ortion ( its objects1 n[ becomes an orig9al & congru5t "p ( nature1 f :i*1 z f any o!r "p1 ! re/ ( nature might be sci5tifically inf]r$4 ,_s is n less closely atta*$ to nature1 al?\gh 9 a diff]5t mann]4 ,tak5 exi/5tially x is a "p ( s5se2 tak5 ideally x is ! =m or value :i* nature acquires :5 view$ f ! vantage-gr\nd ( any int]e/4 ,individual objects are recognisable = a "t n because ! flux is mat]ially arre/$ b because x some:]e circulates 9 a fa%ion :i* awak5s an int]e/ & br+s diff]5t p>ts ( ! surr\nd+ process into def9able & prolong$ relations ) t int]e/4 ,p>ticul> objects may p]i% yet o!rs may cont9ue1 l ! s]ies ( suns imag9$ by ,h]aclitus1 to p]=m ! same (fice4 ,! function w outla/ ! p>ticul> organ4 ,t int]e/ 9 ref]5ce to :i* ! function is def9$ w ess5tially det]m9e a p]fect _w ( responsive ext5sions & conditions4 ,^! ideals w be a spiritual reality2 & !y w be express$ 9 nature 9 s f> z nature supports t regulative int]e/4 ,_m a p]fect & et]nal realm1 m]ely pot5tial 9 exi/5ce b def9ite 9 con/itution1 w ?us subt5d nature & be :at a rational philosophy might call ! ideal4 ,:at is call$ _s w\ld be ! ideal 9 s f> z x obta9$ expression 9 nature2 & ! p[] attribut$ to _s w\ld be ! "p ( nature's f]tility by :i* su* expression 0 secur$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi--,,discov]y ,,( ,,fell[-,,m9ds ,sid5ote3 ,ano!r backgr\nd = curr5t exp]i5ce may be f\nd 9 ali5 m9ds4 ,:5 a gho/ly sph]e1 conta9+ memory & all ideas1 has be5 di/+ui%$ f ! mat]ial _w1 x t5ds to gr[ at ! exp5se ( ! latt]1 until nature is f9ally r$uc$ to a ma!matical skeleton4 ,?is skeleton itself1 b = ! ne$ ( a bridge to connect calculably episode ) episode 9 exp]i5ce1 might be transf]r$ to m9d & id5tifi$ ) ! sci5tific ?\ght 9 :i* x is repres5t$4 ,b a sci5tific !ory inhabit+ a few scatt]$ mom5ts ( life _c connect ^? episodes among :i* x is itself ! la/ & ! lea/ sub/antial2 nor w\ld su* a notion h occurr$ ev5 to ! mo/ reckless sceptic1 _h ! _w n possess$ ano!r sort ( reput$ reality--! m9ds ( o!rs--:i* c\ld s]ve1 ev5 aft] ! suppos$ ext9ction ( ! physical _w1 to con/itute an indep5d5t ord] & to absorb ! pot5tialities ( be+ :5 imm$iate consci\sness nodd$4 ,b o!r m5's m9ds1 be+ !mselves prec>i\s & ineffectual1 w\ld nev] h seem$ a possible sub/itute = nature1 to be 9 h] /ead ! backgr\nd & intelligible object ( exp]i5ce4 ,some?+ con/ant1 omnipres5t1 inf9itely f]tile is ne$$ to support & connect ! giv5 *aos4 ,j ^! prop]ties1 h[ev]1 are actually attribut$ to "o ( ! m9ds suppos$ to confront ! ?9k]1 namely1 ! m9d ( ,god4 ,! div9e m9d has !re=e always con/itut$ 9 philosophy ei!r ! alt]native to nature or h] o!r "n3 x is p> excell5ce ! seat ( all pot5tiality &1 z ,sp9oza said1 ! refuge ( all ignorance4 ,speculative problems w\ld be greatly cl>ifi$1 & :at is g5u9e 9 !m w\ld be m easily di/+ui%$ f :at is artificial1 if we c\ld ga!r toge!r aga9 ! orig9al s\rces = ! belief 9 sep>ate m9ds & comp>e ^! s\rces ) ^? we h already assign$ to ! conception ( nature4 ,b speculative problems are n alone conc]n$1 = 9 all social life we envisage fell[-creatures conceiv$ to %>e ! same ?\ghts & passions & to be simil>ly affect$ by ev5ts4 ,:at is ! basis ( ?is conviction8 ,:at are ! =ms x takes1 & 9 :at s5se is x a "p or an expression ( reason8 ,?is "q is difficult1 & 9 broa*+ x we _c expect mu* aid f :at philosoph]s h hi!rto said on ! subject4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 inde$1 !y h said no?+1 z by nature's k9dly disposition mo/ que/ions :i* x is beyond a man's p[] to answ] d n occur to him at all4 ,! sugge/ions :i* h actually be5 made 9 ! matt] may be r$uc$ to two3 fir/1 t we conceive o!r m5's m9ds by project+ into _! bodies ^? feel+s :i* we imm$iately p]ceive to accompany simil> op]ations 9 ourselves1 t is1 we inf] ali5 m9ds by analogy2 & second1 t we are imm$iately aw>e ( !m & feel !m to be fri5dly or ho/ile c\nt]p>ts ( our own ?9k+ & ef=t1 t is1 we evoke !m by dramatic imag9ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,two usual acc\nts ( ?is conception criticis$3 ,sid5ote3 analogy betwe5 bodies1 ,! fir/ sugge/ion has ! advantage t x escapes solipsism by a reasonable argum5t1 provid$ ! exi/5ce ( ! mat]ial _w has already be5 grant$4 ,b if ! mat]ial _w is call$ back into ! private m9d1 x is evid5t t e s\l suppos$ to inhabit x or to be express$ 9 x mu/ foll[ x ?i!r1 z inevitably z ! *>act]s & =ces 9 an imag9$ /ory mu/ rema9 ) x 9 ! inv5tor's imag9ation4 ,:51 on ! contr>y1 nature is left /&+1 x is reasonable to suppose t animals hav+ a simil> orig9 & simil> physical p[]s %\ld h simil> m9ds1 if any ( !m 0 to h a m9d at all4 ,! !ory1 h[ev]1 is n satisfactory on o!r gr\nds4 ,we d n 9 reality associate our own grimaces ) ! feel+s t accompany !m & subsequ5tly1 on recognis+ simil> grimaces 9 ano!r1 proce$ to attribute emotions to him l ^? we =m]ly exp]i5c$4 ,our own grimaces are n easily p]ceiv$1 & o!r m5's actions (t5 reveal passions :i* we h nev] _h1 at lea/ ) any?+ l _! sugge/$ col\r+ & int5sity4 ,?is fir/ view is /rangely artificial & mi/akes = ! natural orig9 ( ! belief 9 "q :at may be p]haps its ultimate te/4 ,sid5ote3 & dramatic dialogue 9 ! s\l4 ,! second sugge/ion1 on ! o!r 9 h&1 takes u into a my/ic region4 ,t we evoke ! felt s\ls ( our fell[s by dramatic imag9ation is d\btless true2 b ?is does n expla9 h[ we come to d s1 "u :at /imulus & 9 :at circum/ances4 ,nor does x avoid solipsism2 = ! felt c\nt]p>ts ( my own w are e*oes )9 me1 :ile if o!r m9ds actually exi/ !y _c h = _! ess5ce to play a game ) me 9 my own fancy4 ,su* society w\ld be my?ical1 & :ile ! s5se = society may well be my?ical 9 its orig91 x mu/ acquire "s o!r "* if x is to h practical & moral validity4 ,b practical & moral validity is above all :at society seems to h4 ,?is second !ory1 !re=e1 :ile its feel+ = psy*ological reality is ke5]1 does n make ! recognition ( o!r m9ds intelligible & leaves our fai? 9 !m )\t ju/ification4 ,sid5ote3 ,subject & object empirical1 n transc5d5tal1 t]ms4 ,9 approa*+ ! subject afre% we %\ld d well to rememb] t crude exp]i5ce kn[s no?+ ( ! di/9ction betwe5 subject & object4 ,?is di/9ction is a division 9 ?+s1 a contra/ e/abli%$ betwe5 masses ( images :i* %[ diff]5t *>act]i/ics 9 _! modes ( exi/5ce & relation4 ,if ?is tru? is ov]look$1 if subject & object are made conditions ( exp]i5ce in/ead ( be+1 l body & m9d1 its contra/$ p>ts1 ! rev5ge ( fate is quick & ironical2 ei!r subject or object mu/ imm$iately collapse & evaporate altoge!r4 ,all objects mu/ become modifications ( ! subject or all subjects aspects or fragm5ts ( ! object4 ,sid5ote3 ,objects orig9ally soak$ 9 second>y & t]ti>y qualities4 ,n[ ! fact t crude exp]i5ce is innoc5t ( mod]n philosophy has ?is important consequ5ce3 t = crude exp]i5ce all data :atev] lie orig9ally side by side 9 ! same field2 ext5sion is passionate1 desire moves bodies1 ?\ght broods 9 space & is con/itut$ by a visible metamorphosis ( its subject matt]4 ,animism or my?ology is !re=e no artifice4 ,passions naturally reside 9 ! object !y agitate--our own body1 if t be ! felt seat ( "s pang1 ! />s1 if ! pang c f9d no ne>] re/+-place4 ,only a long & /ill unf9i%$ education has taught m5 to sep>ate emotions f ?+s & ideas f _! objects4 ,?is education 0 ne$$ because crude exp]i5ce is a *aos1 & ! qualities x jumbles toge!r d n m>* toge!r 9 "t4 ,reflection mu/ accord+ly sep>ate !m1 if k 7t is1 ideas ) ev5tual application & practical transc5d5ce7 is to exi/ at all4 ,9 o!r words1 action mu/ be adju/$ to c]ta9 elem5ts ( exp]i5ce & n to o!rs1 & ^? *iefly reg>d$ mu/ h a c]ta9 int]pretation put ^u !m by tra9$ app]ception4 ,! re/ mu/ be treat$ z moon%9e & tak5 no acc\nt ( except p]haps 9 idle & poetic rev]y4 ,9 ?is way crude exp]i5ce gr[s reasonable & appe>ance becomes k ( reality4 ,! fundam5tal reason1 !n1 :y we attribute consci\sness to natural bodies is t ^? bodies1 be=e !y are conceiv$ to be m]ely mat]ial1 are conceiv$ to possess all ! qualities :i* our own consci\sness possesses :5 we behold !m4 ,su* a supposition is f> f be+ a p>adox1 s9ce only ?is pr9ciple ju/ifies u to ?is day 9 believ+ 9 :atev] we may decide to believe 94 ,! qualities attribut$ to reality mu/ be qualities f\nd 9 exp]i5ce1 & if we d5y _! pres5ce 9 ourselves 7e4g41 9 ! case ( omnisci5ce71 t is only because ! idea ( self1 l t ( matt]1 has already become special & ! region ( ideals 79 :i* omnisci5ce lies7 has be5 =m$ into a ?ird sph]e4 ,b be=e ! idea ( self is well con/itut$ & be=e ! category ( ideals has be5 conceiv$ at all1 e +r$i5t ultimately assign$ to ^? two regions is attract$ into ! p]ceptual vortex = :i* su* qualities z pressure & motion supply a nucleus4 ,! mov+ image is !re=e impregnat$ n only ) second>y qualities--col\r1 heat1 etc4--b ) qualities :i* we may call t]ti>y1 su* z pa91 fe>1 joy1 malice1 feebl5ess1 expectancy4 ,sometimes ^! t]ti>y qualities are attribut$ to ! object 9 _! fulness & j z !y are felt4 ,?us ! sun is n only bright & w>m 9 ! same way z he is r\nd1 b by ! same "r he is also happy1 arrogant1 ev]-"y1 & all-see+2 = a sugge/ion ( ^! t]ti>y qualities runs ?r\gh u :5 we look at him1 j z imm$iately z d 8 w>m? & light4 ,! fact t ^! imag9ative sugge/ions are n con/ant does n imp$e ! in/ant p]ception t !y are actual1 & = crude exp]i5ce :atev] a ?+ possesses 9 appe>ance x possesses inde$1 no matt] h[ soon t quality may be lo/ aga94 ,! mom5t :5 ?+s h mo/ num]\s & be/ def9$ t]ti>y qualities is accord+ly1 = crude exp]i5ce1 ! mom5t :5 !y are mo/ adequately manife/$ & :5 _! inn] ess5ce is be/ reveal$2 = x is !n t !y appe> 9 exp]i5ce mo/ spl5didly array$ & be/ equipp$ = _! ev5tual functions4 ,! sun is a bett] expression ( all 8 ult]ior effects :5 he is conceiv$ to be an arrogant & all-see+ _s ?an :5 he is /upidly felt to be m]ely hot2 s t ! att5tive & dev\t obs]v]1 to :om ^? t]ti>y qualities are reveal$1 /&s 9 ! same relation to an ord9>y s5suali/1 :o c feel only ! sun's mat]ial attributes1 z ! s5suali/ 9 turn /&s 9 to "o born bl9d1 :o _c add ! sun's brightness to its w>m? except by fai? 9 "s happi] man's report$ intuition4 ,! my?ologi/ or poet1 be=e sci5ce exi/s1 is accord+ly ! man ( true/ & mo/ adequate vision4 ,8 p]suasion t he kn[s ! he>t & s\l ( ?+s is no fancy rea*$ by artificial inf]5ce or analogy b is a direct report ( 8 own exp]i5ce & hone/ contemplation4 ,sid5ote3 ,t]ti>y qualities transpos$4 ,m (t51 h[ev]1 t]ti>y qualities are some:at transpos$ 9 projection1 z s\nd 9 be+ lodg$ 9 ! bell is soon translat$ into sonority1 made1 t is1 into its own pot5tiality4 ,9 ! same way pa9fulness is translat$ into malice or wick$ness1 t]ror into hate1 & e felt t]ti>y quality into :atev] t]ti>y quality is 9 exp]i5ce its m quiesc5t or pot5tial =m4 ,s religion1 :i* rema9s = ! mo/ "p on ! level ( crude exp]i5ce1 attributes to ! gods n only happ9ess--! object's direct t]ti>y quality--b goodness--its t]ti>y quality transpos$ & made pot5tial2 = goodness is t disposition :i* is fruitful 9 happ9ess ?r\gh\t imag9$ exp]i5ce4 ,! devil1 9 l mann]1 is cruel & wick$ z well z torm5t$4 ,uncritical sci5ce /ill attributes ^! transpos$ t]ti>y qualities to nature2 ! my?ical notion ( =ce1 = in/ance1 be+ a transpos$ s5sation ( ef=t4 ,9 ?is case we may di/+ui% two /ages or degrees 9 ! transposition3 fir/1 be=e we ?9k ( our own pull+1 we say ! object itself pulls2 9 ! fir/ transposition we say x pulls aga9/ u1 its pull is ! c\nt]p>t or rival ( ours b x is /ill conceiv$ 9 ! same direct t]ms ( ef=t2 & 9 ! second transposition ?is int]mitt5t ef=t is made pot5tial or slumb]+ 9 :at we call /r5g? or =ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,imput$ m9d consi/s ( ! t]ti>y qualities ( p]ceiv$ body4 ,x is obvi\s t ! feel+s attribut$ to o!r m5 are no?+ b ! t]ti>y qualities ( _! bodies4 ,9 be+s ( ! same species1 h[ev]1 ^! qualities are naturally exce$+ly num]\s1 v>iable1 & precise4 ,nature has made man man's con/ant /udy4 ,8 ?\ght1 f infancy to ! draw+ up ( 8 la/ w & te/am5t1 is busy ab\t 8 neighb\r4 ,a smile makes a *ild happy2 a c>ess1 a mom5t's sympa!tic att5tion1 w9s a he>t & gives ! fri5d's pres5ce a volum9\s & poignant value4 ,9 y\? all seems lo/ 9 los+ a fri5d4 ,= ! t]ti>y values1 ! emotions atta*$ to a giv5 image1 ! moral efflu5ce emanat+ f x1 p]vade ! :ole pres5t _w4 ,! s5se ( union1 ?\gh mom5t>y1 is ! same t lat] returns to ! lov] or ! my/ic1 :5 he feels he has pluck$ ! he>t ( life's my/]y & p5etrat$ to ! peaceful c5tre ( ?+s4 ,:at ! my/ic beholds 9 8 ec/asy & loses 9 8 mom5ts ( dryness1 :at ! lov] pursues & adores1 :at ! *ild cries = :5 left alone1 is mu* m a _s1 a p]son1 a haunt+ m9d1 ?an a set ( visual s5sations2 yet ! visual s5sations are connect$ inextricably ) t _s1 else ! _s w\ld n )draw :5 ! s5sations fail$4 ,we are n deal+ ) an articulate m9d ^: possessions are discrim9at$ & di/ribut$ into a ma/]$ _w :]e ev]y?+ has its dep>tm5t1 its special relations1 its limit$ importance2 we are deal+ ) a m9d all pulp1 all confusion1 ke5ly s5sitive to pass+ influ5ces & react+ on !m massively & )\t res]ve4 ,?is m9d is feeble1 passionate1 & ignorant4 ,its s5se = pres5t _s is no miracle ( intellig5ce or ( analogical reason+2 on ! contr>y1 x betrays a vagu5ess natural to rudim5t>y consci\sness4 ,^? visual s5sations sudd5ly cut (f _c !re be recognis$ = :at !y are4 ,! consequ5ces :i* _! pres5t disappe>ance may h = subsequ5t exp]i5ce are 9 no wise =ese5 or e/imat$1 mu* less are any inexp]i5c$ feel+s inv5t$ & atta*$ to t retreat+ figure1 o!rwise a m]e puppet4 ,:at happ5s is t by ! loss ( an absorb+ /imulus ! :ole *aotic m9d is ?r[n out ( ge>2 ! *ild cries1 ! lov] fa9ts1 ! my/ic feels hell op5+ be=e him4 ,all ?is is a pres5t s5su\s commotion1 a d]angem5t 9 an actual dream4 ,yet j at ?is l[e/ plunge ( exp]i5ce1 9 ?is drunk5ness ( ! s\l1 does ! ov]:elm+ reality & ext]nality ( ! o!r m9d dawn ^u u4 ,!n we feel t we are surr\nd$ n by a blue sky or an e>? kn[n to geograph]s b by unutt]able & mo/ p]sonal hatr$s & loves4 ,= !n we all[ ! half-deciph]$ images ( s5se to drag beh9d !m e emotion !y h awak5$4 ,we end[ ea* ov]ma/]+ /imulus ) all its diffuse effects2 & any dramatic pot5tiality t our dream acts out "u t high pressure--& crude exp]i5ce is ri* 9 dreams--becomes our notion ( ! life go+ on be=e u4 ,we _c reg>d x z our own life1 because x is n felt to be a passion 9 our own body1 b atta*es itself r to images we see mov+ ab\t 9 ! _w2 x is consequ5tly1 )\t hesitation1 call$ ! life ( ^? images1 or ^? creatures' s\ls4 ,sid5ote3 8,pa!tic fallacy0 normal yet ord9>ily fallaci\s4 ,! pa!tic fallacy is accord+ly :at orig9ally peoples ! imag9$ _w4 ,all ! feel+s ar\s$ by p]ceiv$ ?+s are m]g$ 9 ^? ?+s & made to figure z ! spiritual & invisible "p ( _! ess5ce1 a "p1 moreov]1 q z well kn[n & z directly p]ceiv$ z _! motions4 ,to ask :y su* feel+s are objectifi$ w\ld be to betray a :olly sophi/icat$ view ( exp]i5ce & its articulation4 ,!y d n ne$ to be objectifi$1 see+ !y 7 objective f ! beg9n+1 inasmu* z !y p]ta9 to objects & h nev]1 any m ?an ^? objects1 be5 8subjectifi$0 or localis$ 9 ! ?9k]'s body1 nor includ$ 9 t tra9 ( images :i* z a :ole is kn[n to h 9 t body its seat & !rmomet]4 ,! !rmomet] = ^! passions is1 on ! contr>y1 ! body ( ano!r2 & ! little dream 9 u1 ! quick dramatic sugge/ion :i* goes ) our p]ception ( 8 motions1 is our p]ception ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,a s5se = ali5 ?\ght is accord+ly at its inception a complete illusion4 ,! ?\ght is "o's own1 x is associat$ ) an image mov+ 9 space1 & is uncritically suppos$ to be a hidd5 "p ( t image1 a metaphysical signification atta*$ to its motion & actually exi/+ beh9d ! sc5es 9 ! =m ( an unhe>d soliloquy4 ,a complete illusion ?is s5se rema9s 9 my?ology1 9 animism1 9 ! poetic =ms ( love & religion4 ,a bett] ma/]y ( exp]i5ce w 9 su* cases dispel ^? ha/y conceits by %[+ ! fundam5tal div]g5ce :i* at once manife/s itself betwe5 ! c\rse ( ph5om5a & ! feel+s associat$ ) !m4 ,x w appe> beyond "q t ^? feel+s 7 private fancies m]g$ ) obs]vation 9 an undige/$ exp]i5ce4 ,!y indicat$ no?+ 9 ! object b its p[] ( ar\s+ emotional & playful rev]b]ations 9 ! m9d4 ,criticism w t5d to cle> ! _w ( su* poetic di/ortion2 & :at ve/iges ( x may l+] w be av[$ fables1 metaphors employ$ m]ely 9 conv5tional expression4 ,9 ! end ev5 poetic p[] w =sake a discr$it$ falsehood3 ! poet himself w soon pref] to describe nature 9 natural t]ms & to repres5t human emotions 9 _! pa!tic humility1 n ext5d$ beyond _! actual sph]e nor fanta/ically uproot$ f _! necess>y soil & occasions4 ,he w s+ ! p[] ( nature ov] ! s\l1 ! joys ( ! s\l 9 ! bosom ( nature1 ! beauty visible 9 ?+s1 & ! /eady m>* ( natural processes1 s ri* 9 mom5t\s incid5ts & collocations4 ,! precision ( su* a picture w acc5tuate its maje/y1 z precision does 9 ! poems ( ,lucretius & ,dante1 :ile its pa?os & dramatic int]e/ w be r$\bl$ by its tru?4 ,sid5ote3 ,case :]e x is n a fallacy4 ,a prim>y habit produc+ widespread illusions may 9 c]ta9 cases become ! s\rce ( rational k4 ,?is possibility w surprise no "o :o has /udi$ nature & life to any purpose4 ,nature & life are t5tative 9 all _! processes1 s t !re is no?+ exceptional 9 ! fact t1 s9ce 9 crude exp]i5ce image & emotion are inevitably reg>d$ z con/itut+ a s+le ev5t1 ?is habit %\ld usually lead to *ildi% absurdities1 b also1 "u special circum/ances1 to rational insight & morality4 ,!re is evid5tly "o case 9 :i* ! pa!tic fallacy is n fallaci\s1 ! case 9 :i* ! object obs]v$ happ5s to be an animal simil> to ! obs]v] & simil>ly affect$1 z = in/ance :5 a flock or h]d are sway$ by panic fe>4 ,! emotion :i* ea*1 z he runs1 attributes to ! o!rs is1 z usual1 ! emotion he feels himself2 b ?is emotion1 fe>1 is ! same :i* 9 fact ! o!rs are !n feel+4 ,_! aspect ?us becomes ! recognis$ expression = ! feel+ :i* really accompanies x4 ,s 9 h&-to-h& fight+3 ! int5tion & passion :i* ea* imputes to ! o!r is :at he himself feels2 b ! imputation is probably j1 s9ce pugnacity is a rem>kably contagi\s & monoton\s passion4 ,x is awak5$ by ! slighte/ ho/ile sugge/ion & is greatly int5sifi$ by example & emulation2 ^? we fight aga9/ & ^? we fight ) ar\se x concurr5tly & ! univ]sal battle-cry t fills ! air1 & t ea* man in/9ctively emits1 is an adequate & exact symbol = :at is pass+ 9 all _! s\ls4 ,:5ev]1 !n1 feel+ is attribut$ to an animal simil> to ! p]cipi5t & simil>ly employ$ ! attribution is mutual & correct4 ,contagion & imitation are great causes ( feel+1 b 9 s f> z !y are its causes & set ! pa!tic fallacy to "w !y =e/all & correct :at is fallaci\s 9 t fallacy & turn x into a vehicle ( true &1 z x 71 miracul\s insight4 ,sid5ote3 ,k succe$s only by accid5t4 ,let ! read] m$itate = a mom5t ^u ! foll[+ po9t3 to "k reality is1 9 a way1 an impossible pret5sion1 because k means significant repres5tation1 disc\rse ab\t an exi/5ce n conta9$ 9 ! kn[+ ?\ght1 & diff]5t 9 duration or locus f ! ideas :i* repres5t x4 ,b if k does n possess its object h[ c x int5d x8 ,& if k possesses its object1 h[ c x be k or h any practical1 prophetic1 or retrospective value8 ,consci\sness is n k unless x indicates or signifies :at actually x is n4 ,?is transc5d5ce is :at gives k its cognitive & useful ess5ce1 its transitive function & validity4 ,9 k1 !re=e1 !re mu/ be "s su* ?+ z a ju/ifi$ illusion1 an irrational pret5sion by *ance fulfill$1 a *ance %ot hitt+ ! m>k4 ,= dead logic w\ld /ick at solipsism2 yet irrational life1 z x /umbles along f mom5t to mom5t1 & multiplies itself 9 a ?\s& c5tres1 is someh[ am5able to logic & f9ds uses = ! reason x bre$s4 ,n[1 9 ! relation ( a natural be+ to simil> be+s 9 ! same habitat !re is j ! occasion we require = introduc+ a miracul\s transc5d5ce 9 k1 a leap out ( solipsism :i*1 ?\gh n prompt$ by reason1 w f9d 9 reason a cont9ual ju/ification4 ,= t]ti>y qualities are imput$ to objects by psy*ological or pa?ological necessity4 ,some?+ n visible 9 ! object1 some?+ n possibly reveal$ by any future exam9ation ( t object1 is ?us unit$ ) x1 felt to be its core1 its metaphysical tru?4 ,t]ti>y qualities are emotions or ?\ghts pres5t 9 ! obs]v] & 9 8 rudim5t>y consci\sness n yet connect$ ) _! prop] concomitants & antec$5ts1 n yet relegat$ to 8 private m9d1 nor expla9$ by 8 p]sonal end[m5t & situation4 ,to take ^! private feel+s = ! sub/ance ( o!r be+s is evid5tly a gross blund]2 yet ?is blund]1 )\t ceas+ to be "o 9 po9t ( me?od1 ceases to be "o 9 po9t ( fact :5 ! o!r be+ happ5s to be simil> 9 nature & situation to ! my?ologi/ himself & !re=e actually possesses ! v emotions & ?\ghts :i* lie 9 ! my?ologi/'s bosom & are attribut$ by him to 8 fell[4 ,?us an imag9>y self-transc5d5ce1 a ra% pret5sion to grasp an indep5d5t reality & to "k ! unkn[able1 may f9d itself accid5tally rew>d$4 ,imag9ation w h drawn a prize 9 its lott]y & ! pa?ological accid5ts ( ?\ght w h begott5 k & "r reason4 ,! inn] & unatta9able core ( o!r be+s w h be5 reveal$ to private intuition4 ,sid5ote3 ,limits ( insight ,?is miracle ( insight1 z x mu/ seem to ^? :o h n und]/ood its natural & accid5tal orig91 ext5ds only s f> z does ! analogy betwe5 ! object & ! in/rum5t ( p]ception4 ,! gift ( intuition fails 9 proportion z ! obs]v]'s bodily habit diff]s f ! habit & body obs]v$4 ,misund]/&+ beg9s ) con/itutional div]g5ce & det]iorates rapidly into false imputations & absurd my?s4 ,! limits ( mutual und]/&+ co9cide ) ! limits ( simil> /ructure & common occupation1 s t ! di/ortion ( insight beg9s v ne> home4 ,x is h>d to und]/& ! m9ds ( *ildr5 unless we reta9 unusual pla/icity & capacity to play2 m5 & wom5 d n really und]/& ea* o!r1 :at rules betwe5 !m be+ n s mu* sympa?y z habitual tru/1 idealisation1 or satire2 =eign]s' m9ds are pure enigmas1 & ^? attribut$ to animals are a grotesque comp\nd ( sop & physiology4 ,:5 we come to religion ! ineptitude ( all ! feel+s attribut$ to nature or ! gods is s egregi\s t a sob] critic c look to su* fables only = a pa!tic expression ( human s5tim5t & ne$2 :ile1 ev5 ap>t f ! gods1 ea* religion itself is q un9telligible to infidels :o h nev] foll[$ its wor%ip sympa!tically or le>n$ by contagion ! human mean+ ( its sanctions & =mulas4 ,h5ce ! /upidity & want ( insight commonly %[n 9 :at calls itself ! hi/ory ( religions4 ,we he>1 = in/ance1 t ,greek religion 0 frivol\s1 because its my/ic awe & mom5t\s practical & poetic tru?s escape ! ,*ri/ian hi/orian accu/om$ to a cate*ism & a religi\s morality2 & simil>ly ,ca?olic piety seems to ! ,prote/ant an /hetic indulg5ce1 a religion appeal+ to s5se1 because su* is ! only emotion its ext]nals c awak5 9 him1 unus$ z he is to a sup]natural economy rea*+ d[n into ! incid5ts & affections ( daily life4 ,language is an artificial means ( e/abli%+ unanimity & transf]r+ ?\ght f "o m9d to ano!r4 ,e symbol or phrase1 l e ge/ure1 ?r[s ! obs]v] into an attitude to :i* a c]ta9 idea correspond$ 9 ! speak]2 to fall exactly into ! speak]'s attitude is exactly to und]/&4 ,e imp$im5t to contagion & imitation 9 expression is an imp$im5t to compreh5sion4 ,= ?is reason language1 l all art1 becomes pale ) ye>s2 words & figures ( spee* lose _! contagi\s & sugge/ive p[]2 ! feel+ !y once express$ c no long] be re/or$ by _! repetition4 ,ev5 ! mo/ inspir$ v]se1 :i* boa/s n )\t a relative ju/ification to be immortal1 becomes 9 ! c\rse ( ages a sc>cely legible hi]oglyphic2 ! language x 0 writt5 9 dies1 a le>n$ education & an imag9ative ef=t are requisite to cat* ev5 a ve/ige ( its orig9al =ce4 ,no?+ is s irrevocable z m9d4 ,unsure ! ebb & flood ( ?\ght1 ,! moon comes back1 ! _s n4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]ception ( "* ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a :olly diff]5t & f> m positive me?od ( read+ ! m9d1 or :at 9 a metaphorical s5se is call$ by t "n4 ,?is me?od is to read "*4 ,any object ) :i* we are famili> tea*es u to div9e its habits2 slight indications1 :i* we %\ld be at a loss to enum]ate sep>ately1 betray :at *anges are go+ on & :at prompt+s are simm]+ 9 ! organism4 ,h5ce ! expression ( a face or figure2 h5ce ! traces ( habit & passion visible 9 a man & t indescribable some?+ ab\t him :i* inspires confid5ce or mi/ru/4 ,! gift ( read+ "* is p>tly in/9ctive1 p>tly a result ( exp]i5ce2 x may am\nt to =esight & is direct$ n ^u consci\sness b ^u pa/ or ev5tual action4 ,habits & passions1 h[ev]1 h metaphorical psy*ic names1 names indicat+ dispositions r ?an p>ticul> acts 7a disposition be+ my?ically repres5t$ z a sort ( wakeful & haunt+ g5ius wait+ to :isp] sugge/ions 9 a man's e>74 ,we may accord+ly delude ourselves into imag9+ t a pose or a mann] :i* really indicates habit indicates feel+ in/ead4 ,9 tru? ! feel+ involv$1 if conceiv$ at all1 is conceiv$ mo/ vaguely1 & is only a sort ( rev]b]ation or p5umbra surr\nd+ ! pictur$ activities4 ,sid5ote3 ,conduct div9$1 consci\sness ignor$4 ,x is a m>k ( ! connoisseur to be able to read "* & habit & to div9e at a glance all a creature's pot5tialities4 ,?is sort ( p5etration *>act]ises ! man ) an eye = horse-fle%1 ! dog-fanci]1 & m5 & wom5 ( ! _w4 ,x guides ! born lead] 9 ! judgm5ts he in/9ctively passes on 8 subord9ates & enemies2 x di/+ui%es e good judge ( human affairs or ( natural ph5om5a1 :o is quick to detect small b tell+ indications ( ev5ts pa/ or brew+4 ,z ! wea!r-prophet reads ! heav5s s ! man ( exp]i5ce reads o!r m54 ,no?+ conc]ns him less ?an _! consci\sness2 he c all[ t to run itself (f :5 he is sure ( _! temp] & habits4 ,a great ma/] ( affairs is usually unsympa!tic4 ,8 obs]vation is n 9 ! lea/ dramatic or dreamful1 he does n yield himself to animal contagion or re-enact o!r p's inw>d exp]i5ce4 ,he is too busy = t1 & too int5t on 8 own purposes4 ,8 obs]vation1 on ! contr>y1 is /raight calculation & inf]5ce1 & x sometimes rea*es tru?s ab\t p's "* & de/9y :i* !y !mselves are v f> f div9+4 ,su* appreh5sion is ma/]ful & odi\s to weakl+s1 :o ?9k !y "k !mselves because !y indulge 9 copi\s soliloquy 7:i* is ! disc\rse ( brutes & madm571 b :o really "k no?+ ( _! own capacity1 situation1 or fate4 ,if ,r\sseau1 = in/ance1 aft] writ+ ^? ,confessions 9 :i* c&\r & ignorance ( self are equally conspicu\s1 _h he>d "s intellig5t fri5d1 l ,hume1 draw up 9 a few words an acc\nt ( _! au?or's true & contemptible "*1 he w\ld h be5 l\d 9 prote/ations t no su* ignoble *>act]i/ics exi/$ 9 8 eloqu5t consci\sness2 & !y might n h exi/$ !re1 because 8 consci\sness 0 a hi/rionic ?+1 & z imp]fect an expression ( 8 own nature z ( man's4 ,:5 ! m9d is irrational no practical purpose is s]v$ by /opp+ to und]/& x1 because su* a m9d is irrelevant to practice1 & ! pr9ciples t guide ! man's practice c be z well und]/ood by elim9at+ 8 m9d altoge!r4 ,s a wise gov]nor ignores 8 subjects' religion or conc]ns himself only ) its economic & temp]am5tal aspects2 if ! real =ces t control life are und]/ood1 ! symbols t repres5t ^? =ces 9 ! m9d may be disreg>d$4 ,b su* a gov]nm5t1 l t ( ! ,briti% 9 ,india1 is m practical ?an sympa!tic4 ,:ile wise m5 may endure x = ! sake ( _! mat]ial int]e/s1 !y w nev] love x = itself4 ,!re is no?+ sweet] ?an to be sympa?is$ )1 :ile no?+ requires a r>] intellectual h]oism ?an will+ness to see "o's equation writt5 out4 ,sid5ote3 ,consci\sness untru/wor?y4 ,nev]!less ?is same algebraic s5se = "* plays a l>ge "p 9 human fri5d%ip4 ,a *ief elem5t 9 fri5d%ip is tru/1 & tru/ is n to be acquir$ by reproduc+ consci\sness b only by p5etrat+ to ! con/itutional in/9cts :i*1 9 det]m9+ action & habit1 det]m9e consci\sness z well4 ,fidelity is n a prop]ty ( ideas4 ,x is a virtue possess$ pre-em95tly by nature1 f ! animals to ! seasons & ! />s4 ,b fidelity gives fri5d%ip its deepe/ sanctity1 & ! respect we h = a man1 = 8 =ce1 ability1 con/ancy1 & dignity1 is no s5tim5t evok$ by 8 float+ ?\ghts b an assurance f\nd$ on our own obs]vation t 8 conduct & "* are to be c\nt$ ^u4 ,sm>tness & vivacity1 mu* emotion & _m conceits1 are ob/acles bo? to fidelity & to m]it4 ,!re is a high wor? 9 rightly con/itut$ natures indep5d5t ( incid5tal consci\sness4 ,x consi/s 9 t +ra9$ virtue :i* "u giv5 circum/ances w\ld insure ! noble/ action & ) t action1 ( c\rse1 ! noble/ s5tim5ts & ideas2 ideas :i* w\ld arise spontane\sly & w\ld make m acc\nt ( _! objects ?an ( !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,metaphorical m9d4 ,! expression ( habit 9 psy*ic metaphors is a proc$ure kn[n also to !ology4 ,:5ev] natural or moral law is decl>$ to reveal ! div9e m9d1 ?is m9d is a set ( =mal or e?ical pr9ciples r ?an an imag9$ consci\sness1 re-enact$ dramatically4 ,:at is conceiv$ is ! god's op]ation1 n 8 emotions4 ,9 ?is way ,god's goodness becomes a symbol = ! advantages ( life1 8 wra? a symbol = its dang]s1 8 comm&m5ts a symbol = its laws4 ,! deity spok5 ( by ! ,/oics _h exclusively ?is symbolic "*2 x c\ld be call$ a city--de> ,city ( ,zeus--z readily z an intellig5ce4 ,& t intellig5ce :i* anci5t & +5u\s philosoph]s said !y saw 9 ! _w 0 always intellig5ce 9 ?is algebraic s5se1 x 0 intelligible ord]4 ,nor did ! ,hebrew prophets1 9 _! emphatic political philosophy1 seem to mean mu* m by ,jehovah ?an a moral ord]1 a pr9ciple giv+ vice & virtue _! appropriate fruits4 ,sid5ote3 ,summ>y4 ,true society1 !n1 is limit$ to simil> be+s liv+ simil> lives & enabl$ by ! contagion ( _! common habits & arts to attribute to "o ano!r1 ea* out ( 8 own exp]i5ce1 :at ! o!r actually endures4 ,a fre% ?\ght may be communicat$ to "o :o has nev] _h x be=e1 b only :5 ! speak] s dom9ates ! auditor's m9d by ! in/rum5talities he br+s to be> ^u x t he compels t m9d to reproduce 8 exp]i5ce4 ,analogy betwe5 actions & bodies is accord+ly ! only te/ ( valid inf]5ce reg>d+ ! exi/5ce or "* ( conceiv$ m9ds2 b ?is ev5tual te/ is f> f be+ ! s\rce ( su* a conception4 ,its s\rce is n inf]5ce at all b direct emotion & ! pa!tic fallacy4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 z 9 ! end1 :at is attribut$ to o!rs is some?+ directly felt1 a dream dream$ ?r\gh & dramatically enact$1 b uncritically attribut$ to ! object by ^: motions x is sugge/$ & controll$4 ,9 a s+le case1 h[ev]1 t]ti>y qualities happ5 to correspond to an exp]i5ce actually animat+ ! object to :i* !y are assign$4 ,?is is ! case 9 :i* ! object is a body simil> 9 /ructure & action to ! p]cipi5t himself1 :o assigns to t body a passion he has caught by contagion f x & by imitation ( its actual attitude4 ,su* are ! conditions ( intelligible expression & true communion2 beyond ^! limits no?+ is possible save my? & metaphor1 or ! algebraic designation ( obs]v$ habits "u ! "n ( moral dispositions4 ,,*apt] ,,vii--,,concretions ,,9 ,,disc\rse ,,& ,,9 ,,exi/5ce ,sid5ote3 ,s-call$ ab/ract qualities prim>y4 ,ideas ( mat]ial objects ord9>ily absorb ! human m9d1 & _! preval5ce has l$ to ! ra% supposition t ideas ( all o!r k9ds are po/]ior to physical ideas & drawn f ! latt] by a process ( ab/raction4 ,! table1 p said1 0 a p>ticul> & s+le reality2 its col\r1 =m1 & mat]ial 7 p>ts ( its integral nature1 qualities :i* might be att5d$ to sep>ately1 p]haps1 b :i* actually exi/$ only 9 ! table itself4 ,col\r1 =m1 & mat]ial 7 !re=e ab/ract elem5ts4 ,!y might come be=e ! m9d sep>ately & be contra/$ objects ( att5tion1 b !y 7 incapable ( exi/+ 9 nature except toge!r1 9 ! concrete reality call$ a p>ticul> ?+4 ,moreov]1 z ! same col\r1 %ape1 or sub/ance might be f\nd 9 v>i\s tables1 ^! ab/ract qualities 7 ?\ght to be g5]al qualities z well2 !y 7 univ]sal t]ms :i* might be pr$icat$ ( _m individual ?+s4 ,a contra/ c\ld !n be drawn betwe5 ^! qualities or ideas1 :i* ! m9d may envisage1 & ! concrete reality exi/+ beyond4 ,?us philosophy c\ld rea* ! famili> maxim ( ,ari/otle t ! p>ticul> alone exi/s 9 nature & ! g5]al alone 9 ! m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5]al qualities prior to p>ticul> ?+s4 ,su* language expresses correctly en\gh a second>y conv5tional /age ( conception1 b x ignores ! prim>y fictions on :i* conv5tion itself mu/ re/4 ,individual physical objects mu/ be discov]$ be=e ab/ractions c be made f _! conceiv$ nature2 ! bird mu/ be caught be=e x is pluck$4 ,to discov] a physical object is to pack 9 ! same "p ( space1 & fuse 9 "o complex body1 prim>y data l col\r$ =m & tangible surface4 ,intellig5ce1 obs]v+ ^! s5sible qualities to evolve toge!r1 & to be controll$ at once by ext]nal =ces1 or by "o's own volunt>y motions1 id5tifies !m 9 _! op]ation al?\gh !y rema9 = ev] di/9ct 9 _! s5sible "*4 ,a physical object is accord+ly conceiv$ by fus+ or int]lac+ spatial qualities1 9 a mann] helpful to practical intellig5ce4 ,x is a f> high] & remot] ?+ ?an ! elem5ts x is compact$ ( & t sugge/ x2 :at habits ( appe>ance & disappe>ance ! latt] may h1 ! object r$uces to p]man5t & calculable pr9ciples4 ,x is altoge!r errone\s1 !re=e1 to view an object's s5sible qualities z ab/ractions f x1 see+ !y are its orig9al & compon5t elem5ts2 nor c ! s5sible qualities be view$ z g5]ic notions aris+ by comp>ison ( sev]al concrete objects1 see+ t ^! concretions w\ld nev] h be5 made or ?\ght to be p]man5t1 did !y n express obs]v$ v>iations & recurr5ces 9 ! s5sible qualities imm$iately p]ceiv$ & already recognis$ 9 _! recurr5ce4 ,^! are !mselves ! true p>ticul>s4 ,!y are ! fir/ objects discrim9at$ 9 att5tion & project$ aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( consci\sness4 ,! imm$iate cont9uum may be trav]s$ & mapp$ by two diff]5t me?ods4 ,! prior "o1 because x is s v primitive & rudim5t>y1 & s mu* a condition ( all m5tal disc\rse1 is usually ignor$ 9 psy*ology4 ,! second>y me?od1 by :i* ext]nal ?+s are discov]$1 has receiv$ m att5tion4 ,! latt] consi/s 9 ! fact t :5 sev]al disp>ate s5sations1 hav+ become recognisable 9 _! repetitions1 are obs]v$ to come & g toge!r1 or 9 fix$ relation to "s volunt>y op]ation on ! obs]v]'s "p1 !y may be associat$ by contiguity & m]g$ 9 "o portion ( p]ceiv$ space4 ,^? hav+1 l s5sations ( t\* & sight1 an ess5tially spatial "*1 may easily be sup]pos$2 ! surface ,i see & t ,i t\* may be id5tifi$ by be+ pres5t$ toge!r & be+ f\nd to und]go simultane\s v>iations & to ma9ta9 common relations to o!r p]ceptions4 ,?us ,i may come to attribute to a s+le object1 ! t]m ( an intellectual syn!sis & ideal int5tion1 my exp]i5ces ?r\gh all ! s5ses )9 a c]ta9 field ( association1 def9$ by its practical relations4 ,t ideal object is !reby end[$ ) z _m qualities & p[]s z ,i _h associable s5sations ( :i* to make x up4 ,?is object is a concretion ( my p]ceptions 9 space1 s t ! r$ness1 h>dness1 sweetness1 & r\ndness ( ! apple are all fus$ toge!r 9 my practical reg>d & giv5 "o local habitation & "o "n4 ,sid5ote3 ,univ]sals are concretions 9 disc\rse4 ,?is k9d ( syn!sis1 ?is sup]position & mixture ( images into notions ( physical objects1 is n1 h[ev]1 ! only k9d to :i* p]ceptions are subject4 ,!y fall toge!r by virtue ( _! qualitative id5tity ev5 be=e _! spatial sup]position2 = 9 ord] to be kn[n z repeat$ly simultane\s1 & associable by contiguity1 !y mu/ be associat$ by simil>ity & kn[n z individually repeat$4 ,! v>i\s recurr5ces ( a s5sation mu/ be recognis$ z recurr5ces1 & ?is implies ! collection ( s5sations into classes ( simil>s & ! app]ception ( a common nature 9 sev]al data4 ,n[ ! m frequ5t a p]ception is ! h>d] x w be to discrim9ate 9 memory its pa/ occurr5ces f "o ano!r1 & yet ! m readily w its pres5t recurr5ce be recognis$ z famili>4 ,! p]ception 9 s5se w consequ5tly be receiv$ z a repetition n ( any s+le e>li] s5sation b ( a famili> & g5]ic exp]i5ce4 ,?is exp]i5ce1 a spontane\s recon/ruction bas$ on all previ\s s5sations ( t k9d1 w be ! "o habitual idea ) :i* recurr+ s5sations w be h5ce=? id5tifi$4 ,su* a liv+ concretion ( simil>s succe$+ "o ano!r 9 "t1 is ! idea ( a nature or quality1 ! univ]sal falsely suppos$ to be an ab/raction f physical objects1 :i* 9 tru? are conceiv$ by putt+ toge!r ^! v ideas into a spatial & p]man5t sy/em4 ,"h we h1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 ! orig9 ( ! two t]ms mo/ prom95t 9 human k1 ideas & ?+s4 ,two me?ods ( conception divide our att5tion 9 common life2 sci5ce & philosophy develop bo?1 al?\gh (t5 ) an unju/ifiable bias 9 fav\r ( "o or ! o!r4 ,!y are no?+ b ! old pr9ciples ( ,ari/otelian psy*ology1 association by simil>ity & association by contiguity4 ,only n[1 aft] logicians h exhau/$ _! +5uity 9 criticis+ !m & psy*ologi/s 9 apply+ !m1 we may g back ( ! traditional position & apply ! anci5t pr9ciples at a deep] /age ( m5tal life4 ,sid5ote3 ,simil> reactions1 m]g$ 9 "o habit ( reproduction1 yield an idea4 ,association by simil>ity is a fusion ( impressions m]g+ :at is common 9 !m1 int]*ang+ :at is peculi>1 & cancell+ 9 ! end :at is incompatible2 s t any excitem5t rea*+ t c5tre revives "o g5]ic reaction :i* yields ! idea4 ,^! concrete g5]alities are actual feel+s1 ! fir/ t]ms 9 m5tal disc\rse1 ! fir/ di/+ui%able p>ticul>s 9 k1 & ! fir/ be>]s ( names4 ,intellectual dom9ion ( ! consci\s /ream beg9s ) ! act ( recognis+ ^! p]vasive entities1 :i* hav+ "* & ideal p]man5ce c furni% common po9ts ( ref]5ce = diff]5t mom5ts ( disc\rse4 ,save = ideas no p]ception c\ld h significance1 or acquire t indicative =ce :i* we call k4 ,= x w\ld ref] to no?+ to :i* ano!r p]ception might also h ref]r$2 & s long z p]ceptions h no common ref]5ce1 s long z successive mom5ts d n enri* by _! contributions ! same object ( ?\ght1 evid5tly exp]i5ce1 9 ! pregnant s5se ( ! ^w1 is impossible4 ,no fund ( valid ideas1 no wisdom1 c\ld 9 t case be acquir$ by liv+4 ,sid5ote3 ,ideas are ideal4 ,ideas1 al?\gh _! mat]ial is ( c\rse s5su\s1 are n s5sations nor p]ceptions nor objects ( any possible imm$iate exp]i5ce3 !y are creatures ( intellig5ce1 goals ( ?\ght1 ideal t]ms :i* cogitation & action circle ab\t4 ,z ! c5tre ( mass is a body1 :ile x may by *ance co9cide ) "o or ano!r ( its atoms1 is no atom itself & no mat]ial con/itu5t ( ! bulk t obeys its motion1 s an idea1 ! c5tre ( mass ( a c]ta9 m5tal sy/em1 is no mat]ial fragm5t ( t sy/em1 b an ideal t]m ( ref]5ce & signification by allegiance to :i* ! details ( consci\sness fir/ become p>ts ( a sy/em & ( a ?\ght4 ,an idea is an ideal4 ,x repres5ts a functional relation 9 ! diffuse exi/5ces to :i* x gives a "n & a rational value4 ,an idea is an expression ( life1 & %>es ) life t transitive & elusive nature :i* defies def9ition by m]e enum]ation ( its mat]ials4 ,! peculi>ity ( life is t x lives2 & ?\ght also1 :5 liv+1 passes out ( itself & directs itself on ! ideal1 on ! ev5tual4 ,x is an activity4 ,activity does n consi/ 9 velocity ( *ange b 9 con/ancy ( purpose2 9 ! conspiracy ( _m mom5ts & _m processes t[>d "o ideal h>mony & "o concomitant ideal result4 ,! mo/ rudim5t>y app]ception1 recognition1 or expectation1 is already a case ( repres5tative cognition1 ( transitive ?\ght re/+ 9 a p]man5t ess5ce4 ,memory is an obvi\s case ( ! same ?+2 = ! pa/1 9 its tru?1 is a sy/em ( exp]i5ces 9 relation1 a sy/em n[ non-exi/5t & nev]1 z a sy/em1 itself exp]i5c$1 yet confront$ 9 retrospect & made ! ideal object & /&>d = all hi/orical ?9k+4 ,sid5ote3 ,s-call$ ab/ractions complete facts4 ,^! arre/$ & recognisable ideas1 concretions ( simil>s succe$+ "o ano!r 9 "t1 are n ab/ractions2 b !y may come to be reg>d$ z su* aft] ! o!r k9d ( concretions 9 exp]i5ce1 concretions ( sup]pos$ p]ceptions 9 space1 h become ! lead+ objects ( att5tion4 ,! s5su\s mat]ial = bo? concretions is ! same2 ! p]ception :i*1 recurr+ 9 diff]5t objects o!rwise n reta9$ 9 memory gives ! idea ( r\ndness1 is ! same p]ception :i* helps to con/itute ! spatial concretion call$ ! sun4 ,r\ndness may !re=e be c>elessly call$ an ab/raction f ! real object 8sun02 :]eas ! peculi> optical & muscul> feel+s by :i* ! s5se ( r\ndness is con/itut$--probably feel+s ( gyration & p]petual unbrok5 movem5t--are mu* e>li] ?an any sol> obs]vations2 !y are a self-suffic+ elem5t 9 exp]i5ce :i*1 by repetition 9 v>i\s accid5tal conte/s1 has come to be recognis$ & nam$1 & to be a *>act]i/ic by virtue ( :i* m complex objects c be di/+ui%$ & def9$4 ,! idea ( ! sun is a mu* lat] product1 & ! real sun is s f> f be+ an orig9al datum f :i* r\ndness is ab/ract$1 t x is an ult]ior & q ideal con/ruction1 a spatial concretion into :i* ! logical concretion r\ndness ent]s z a prior & indep5d5t factor4 ,r\ndness may be felt 9 ! d>k1 by a m]e sugge/ion ( motion1 & is a complete exp]i5ce 9 itself4 ,:5 ?is recognisable exp]i5ce happ5s to be associat$ by contiguity ) o!r recognisable exp]i5ces ( heat1 light1 height1 & yell[ness1 & ^! v>i\s indep5d5t objects are project$ into ! same portion ( a real space2 !n a concretion occurs1 & ^! ideas be+ recognis$ 9 t region & f9d+ a mom5t>y embodim5t !re1 become ! qualities ( a ?+4 ,a conceiv$ ?+ is d\bly a product ( m9d1 m a product ( m9d1 if y w1 ?an an idea1 s9ce ideas arise1 s to speak1 by ! m9d's in]tia & conceptions ( ?+s by its activity4 ,sid5ote3 ,?+s concretions ( concretions4 ,ideas are m5tal s$im5t2 conceiv$ ?+s are m5tal gr[?s4 ,a concretion 9 disc\rse occurs by repetition & m]e emphasis on a datum1 b a concretion 9 exi/5ce requires a syn!sis ( disp>ate elem5ts & relations4 ,an idea is no?+ b a s5sation app]ceiv$ & r5d]$ cognitive1 s t x envisages its own recognis$ "* z its object & ideal3 yell[ness is only "s s5sation ( yell[ rais$ to ! cognitive p[] & employ$ z ! symbol = its own specific ess5ce4 ,x is consequ5tly capable ( ent]+ z a t]m into rational disc\rse & ( becom+ ! subject or pr$icate ( propositions et]nally valid4 ,a ?+1 on ! contr>y1 is discov]$ only :5 ! ord] & gr\p+ ( su* recurr+ ess5ces c be obs]v$1 & :5 v>i\s !mes & /ra9s ( exp]i5ce are wov5 toge!r into elaborate progressive h>monies4 ,:5 consci\sness fir/ becomes cognitive x frames ideas2 b :5 x becomes cognitive ( causes1 t is1 :5 x becomes practical1 x p]ceives ?+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,ideas prior 9 ! ord] ( k1 ?+s 9 ! ord] ( nature4 ,concretions ( qualities recurr5t 9 "t & concretions ( qualities associat$ 9 exi/5ce are alike involv$ 9 daily life & inextricably +r[n into ! /ructure ( reason4 ,9 consci\sness & = logic1 association by simil>ity1 ) its aggregations & id5tifications ( recurr5ces 9 "t1 is fundam5tal r ?an association by contiguity & its exi/5tial syn!ses2 = recognition id5tifies simil>s p]ceiv$ 9 succession1 & )\t recognition ( simil>s !re c\ld be no kn[n p]si/5ce ( ph5om5a4 ,b physiologically & = ! obs]v] association by contiguity comes fir/4 ,all in/9ct--)\t :i* !re w\ld be no fixity or recurr5ce 9 ideation--makes movem5t foll[ impression 9 an imm$iate way :i* = consci\sness becomes a m]e juxtaposition ( s5sations1 a juxtaposition :i* x c nei!r expla9 nor avoid4 ,yet ?is juxtaposition1 9 :i* pleasure1 pa91 & /riv+ are prom95t factors1 is ! *ief /imulus to att5tion & spreads be=e ! m9d t mov+ & v>iegat$ field 9 :i* x le>ns to make its fir/ obs]vations4 ,facts--! burd5s ( successive mom5ts--are all associat$ by contiguity1 f ! fir/ facts ( p]ception & passion to ! la/ facts ( fate & consci5ce4 ,we und]go ev5ts1 we gr[ into "*1 by ! subt]rane\s work+ ( irrational =ces t make _! incalculable irruptions into life none ! less wond]fully 9 ! revelations ( a man's he>t to himself ?an 9 ! cataclysms ( ! _w ar\nd him4 ,nature's placid proc$ure1 to :i* we yield s will+ly 9 times ( prosp]ity1 is a concat5ation ( /ates :i* c only be und]/ood :5 x is made its own /&>d & law4 ,a sort ( philosophy )\t wisdom may seek to subjugate ?is natural life1 ?is bl9d budd+ ( exi/5ce1 to "s logical or moral necessity2 b ?is v attempt rema9s1 p]haps1 ! mo/ /rik+ monum5t to t irrational fatality t rules affairs1 a monum5t :i* reason itself is compell$ to raise ) unsuspect$ irony4 ,sid5ote3 ,ari/otle's compromise4 ,reliance on ext]nal p]ception1 con/ant appeals to concrete fact & physical sanctions1 h always l$ ! mass ( reasonable m5 to magnify concretions 9 exi/5ce & belittle concretions 9 disc\rse4 ,!y are too clev]1 z !y feel1 to mi/ake words = ?+s4 ,! mo/ au?oritative ?9k] on ?is subject1 because ! mo/ mature1 ,ari/otle himself1 taught t ?+s _h reality1 individuality1 indep5d5ce1 & 7 ! out] cause ( p]ception1 :ile g5]al ideas1 products ( association by simil>ity1 exi/$ only 9 ! m9d4 ,! public1 pleas$ at its ability to und]/& ?is doctr9e & ov]look+ ! m incisive "p ( ! philosoph]'s tea*+1 c\ld g home com=t$ & believ+ t mat]ial ?+s 7 prim>y & p]fect entities1 :ile ideas 7 only ab/ractions1 effects ^? realities produc$ on our incapable m9ds4 ,ari/otle1 h[ev]1 _h a ju/] view ( g5]al concepts & made 9 ! end ! :ole mat]ial univ]se gravitate ar\nd !m & feel _! influ5ce1 ?\gh 9 a metaphysical & magic fa%ion to :i* a m advanc$ natural sci5ce ne$ no long] appeal4 ,:ile 9 ! %ock ( life man 0 always com+ ^u ! accid5tal1 9 ! quiet ( reflection he c\ld n b reca/ ev]y?+ 9 ideal m\lds & reta9 no?+ b et]nal natures & intelligible relations4 ,ari/otle conceiv$ t :ile ! orig9 ( k lay 9 ! impact ( matt] ^u s5se its goal 0 ! compreh5sion ( ess5ces1 & t :ile man 0 involv$ by 8 animal nature 9 ! accid5ts ( exp]i5ce he 0 also by virtue ( 8 rationality a p>ticipator 9 et]nal tru?4 ,a sub/antial ju/ice 0 ?us done bo? to ! conditions & to ! functions ( human life1 al?\gh1 = want ( a natural hi/ory inspir$ by me*anical ideas1 ?is dualism rema9$ some:at baffl+ & incompreh5sible 9 its basis4 ,ari/otle1 be+ a true philosoph] & pupil ( exp]i5ce1 pref]r$ incoh]5ce to p>tiality4 ,sid5ote3 ,empirical bias 9 fav\r ( contiguity4 ,active life & ! philosophy t borr[s its concepts f practice has ?us laid a great emphasis on association by contiguity4 ,hobbes & ,locke made k ( ?is k9d ! only k ( reality1 :ile recognis+ x to be q empirical1 t5tative1 & problematical4 ,x 0 a k9d ( acqua9tance ) fact t increas$ ) ye>s & br\ght ! m9d into h>mony ) some?+ initially ali5 to x4 ,besides ?is practical k or prud5ce !re 0 a sort ( v]bal & m]ely ideal k1 a k ( ! mean+ & relation ( ab/ract t]ms4 ,9 ma!matics & logic we might c>ry out long tra9s ( ab/ract$ ?\ght & analyse & develop our imag9ations ad inf9itum4 ,^! speculations1 h[ev]1 7 9 ! air or--:at = ^! philosoph]s is mu* ! same ?+--9 ! m9d2 _! applicability & _! relevance to practical life & to objects giv5 9 p]ception rema9$ q problematical4 ,a self-develop+ sci5ce1 a syn!tic sci5ce a priori1 _h a value entirely hypo!tical & provisional2 its practical tru? dep5d$ on ! v]ification ( its results 9 "s ev5tual s5sible exp]i5ce4 ,association 0 invok$ to expla9 ! adju/m5t ( ideation to ! ord] ( ext]nal p]ception4 ,association1 by :i* association by contiguity 0 g5]ally und]/ood1 ?us became ! battle-cry ( empiricism2 if association by simil>ity _h be5 equally 9 m9d1 ! philosophy ( pregnant reason c\ld also h adopt$ ! pr9ciple = its own4 ,b logicians & ma!maticians naturally neglect ! psy*ology ( _! own processes &1 accu/om$ z !y are to an irresponsible & con/ructive use ( ! intellect1 reg>d z a confus$ & un9spir$ intrud] ! critic :o1 by a retrospective & naturali/ic me?od1 tries to give !m a little k ( !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,artificial divorce ( logic f practice4 ,rational ideas mu/ arise someh[ 9 ! m9d1 & s9ce !y are n meant to be )\t application to ! _w ( exp]i5ce1 x is int]e/+ to discov] ! po9t ( contact betwe5 ! two & ! nature ( _! int]dep5d5ce4 ,?is w\ld h be5 f\nd 9 ! m9d's initial capacity to frame objects ( two sorts1 ^? compact$ ( s5sations t are p]si/5tly simil>1 & ^? compact$ ( s5sations t are mom5t>ily fus$4 ,9 empirical philosophy ! applicability ( logic & ma!matics rema9s a miracle or becomes a mis9t]pretation3 a miracle if ! process ( nature indep5d5tly foll[s ! inw>d elaboration ( human ideas2 a mis9t]pretation if ! bias ( intellig5ce imposes a priori ^u reality a "* & ord] n inh]5t 9 x4 ,! mi/ake ( empirici/s--among :i* ,kant is 9 ?is respect to be numb]$--:i* enabl$ !m to disreg>d ?is difficulty1 0 t !y admitt$1 beside rational ?9k+1 ano!r in/9ctive k9d ( wisdom by :i* m5 c\ld live1 a wisdom ! ,engli%m5 call$ exp]i5ce & ! ,g]mans practical reason1 _s1 or w4 ,! intellectual sci5ces c\ld be all[$ to sp9 !mselves out 9 ab/ract$ lib]ty :ile man practis$ 8 illogical & inspir$ art ( life4 ,"h we obs]ve a c]ta9 elem5t>y crudity or b>b>ism :i* ! human _s (t5 betrays :5 x is deeply /irr$4 ,n only are *ance & div9ation welcom$ into ! _w b !y are rev]5c$ all ! m1 l ! w9d & fire ( idolat]s1 precisely = n be+ am5able to ! petty rules ( human reason4 ,9 tru?1 h[ev]1 ! ,engli% duality betwe5 prud5ce & sci5ce is no m fundam5tal ?an ! ,g]man duality betwe5 reason & und]/&+4,a ,! true contra/ is betwe5 impulse & reflection1 in/9ct & intellig5ce4 ,:5 m5 feel ! primordial au?ority ( ! animal 9 !m & h little respect = a glimm]+ reason :i* !y suspect to be second>y b _c disc]n to be ultimate1 !y readily imag9e !y are appeal+ to some?+ high] ?an intellig5ce :5 9 reality !y are fall+ back on some?+ deep] & l[]4 ,! rudim5t>y seems to !m at su* mom5ts div9e2 & if !y conceive a ,life ( ,reason at all !y despise x z a mass ( artifices & conv5tions4 ,reason is inde$ n indisp5sable to life1 nor ne$ful if liv+ anyh[ be ! sole & indet]m9ate aim2 z ! exi/5ce ( animals & ( mo/ m5 suffici5tly proves4 ,9 s f> z man is n a rational be+ & does n live 9 & by ! m9d1 9 s f> z 8 *ance volitions & dreamful ideas roll by )\t mutual repres5tation or adju/m5t1 9 s f> z 8 body takes ! lead & ev5 8 galvanis$ action is a =m ( passivity1 we may truly say t 8 life is n intellectual & n dep5d5t on ! application ( g5]al concepts to exp]i5ce2 = he lives by in/9ct4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! mutual involution4 ,! ,life ( ,reason1 ! compreh5sion ( causes & pursuit ( aims1 beg9s precisely :]e in/9ctive op]ation ceases to be m]ely su* by becom+ consci\s ( its purposes & repres5tative ( its conditions4 ,logical =ms ( ?\ght impregnate & con/itute practical intellect4 ,! %ock ( exp]i5ce c inde$ correct1 disappo9t1 or inhibit rational expectation1 b x _c take its place4 ,! v fir/ lesson t exp]i5ce %\ld aga9 tea* u aft] our disappo9tm5t w\ld be a rebir? ( reason 9 ! s\l4 ,reason has ! indomitable p]si/5ce ( all natural t5d5cies2 x returns to ! attack z waves beat on ! %ore4 ,to obs]ve its defeat is already to give x a new embodim5t4 ,prud5ce itself is a vague sci5ce1 & sci5ce1 :5 x conta9s real k1 is b a cl>ifi$ prud5ce1 a description ( exp]i5ce & a guide to life4 ,speculative reason1 if x is n also practical1 is n reason at all4 ,propositions irrelevant to exp]i5ce may be correct 9 =m1 ! me?od !y are rea*$ by may p>ody sci5tific me?od1 b !y _c be true 9 sub/ance1 because !y ref] to no?+4 ,l music1 !y h no object4 ,!y m]ely fl[1 & please ^? ^: unatta*$ s5sibility !y someh[ flatt]4 ,hume1 9 ?is respect m radical & satisfactory ?an ,kant himself1 saw ) p]fect cle>ness t reason 0 an ideal expression ( in/9ct1 & t consequ5tly no rational sph]es c\ld exi/ o!r ?an ! ma!matical & ! empirical1 & t :at is n a datum mu/ c]ta9ly be a con/ruction4 ,9 e/abli%+ 8 8t5d5cies to feign0 at ! basis ( intellig5ce1 & 9 confess+ t he yield$ to !m himself no less 9 8 criticism ( human nature ?an 9 8 practical life1 he admitt$ ! involution ( reason--t un9telligible in/9ct--9 all ! obs]vations & maxims v\*saf$ to an empirici/ or to a man4 ,he veil$ 8 doctr9e1 h[ev]1 9 a some:at unfair & satirical nom5clature1 & he has paid ! price ( t indulg5ce 9 p]sonal hum\r by incurr+ ! immortal hatr$ ( s5tim5tali/s :o are too mu* sc&alis$ by 8 tone ev] to und]/& 8 pr9ciples4 ,sid5ote3 ,rationali/ic suicide4 ,if ! common mi/ake 9 empiricism is n to see ! omnipres5ce ( reason 9 ?\ght1 ! mi/ake ( rationalism is n to admit its v>iability & dep5d5ce1 n to und]/& its natural life4 ,p>m5ides 0 ! ,adam ( t race1 & fir/ ta/$ ! deceptive k9d ( k :i*1 promis+ to make man ,god1 bani%es him f ! p>adise ( exp]i5ce4 ,8 s9 has be5 transmitt$ to 8 desc5dants1 ?\gh h>dly 9 its magnific5t & simple enormity4 8,! :ole is "o10 ,x5ophanes _h cri$1 gaz+ into heav52 & t same s5se ( a p]meat+ id5tity1 translat$ into rigid & logical t]ms1 br\ght 8 sublime disciple to ! conviction t an indi/+ui%able immutable sub/ance 0 omnipres5t 9 ! _w4 ,p>m5ides c>ri$ association by simil>ity to su* l5g?s t he arriv$ at ! idea ( :at alone is simil> 9 ev]y?+1 viz41 ! fact t x is4 ,be+ exi/s1 & no?+ else does2 :]eby e relation & v>iation 9 exp]i5ce is r$uc$ to a negligible illusion1 & reason loses its function at ! mom5t ( ass]t+ its absolute au?ority4 ,notable lesson1 taught u l s _m o!rs by ! fir/ exp]im5ts ( ! ,greek m9d1 9 its fre$om & insight1 a m9d l$ quickly by noble self-confid5ce to ! ultimate goals ( ?\ght4 ,su* a pit* ( h]oism & ab/raction has n be5 rea*$ by any rationali/ s9ce4 ,no "o else has be5 will+ to ignore entirely all ! data & con/ructions ( exp]i5ce1 save ! highe/ concept rea*$ by assimilations 9 t exp]i5ce2 no "o else has be5 will+ to demoli% all ! scaffold+ & all ! /ones ( 8 edifice1 hop+ /ill to reta9 ! sublime symbol :i* he _h plant$ on ! summit4 ,yet all rationali/s h long$ to demoli% or to degrade "s "p ( ! sub/ructure1 l ^? ,go?ic ar*itects :o wi%$ to hang ! vaults ( _! *ur*es ^u ! sl5d]e/ possible supports1 aboli%+ & turn+ into pa9t$ cry/al all ! dead walls ( ! build+4 ,s exp]i5ce & its cr[n+ conceptions 7 to re/ :olly on a skeleton ( g5]al natures1 physical =ces be+ assimilat$ to logical t]ms1 & concepts ga9$ by id5tification ( simil>s tak+ ! place ( ^? ga9$ by gr\p+ disp>ate ?+s 9 _! hi/orical conjunctions4 ,^! contigu\s s5sations1 :i* occasionally exemplify ! logical contra/s 9 ideas & give !m incid5tal exi/5ce1 7 ei!r ignor$ altoge!r & dismiss$ z unmean+1 or admitt$ m]ely z illusions4 ,! eye 0 to be tra9$ to pass f t p>ti-col\r$ *aos to ! firm l9es & p]man5t divisions t 7 suppos$ to su/a9 x & frame x 94 ,rationalism is a k9d ( build]'s bias :i* ! imp>tial public _c %>e2 = ! dead walls & glass scre5s :i* may h no function 9 support+ ! ro( are yet z ne$ful z ! ro( itself to %elt] & beauty4 ,s ! incid5tal fill+ ( exp]i5ce :i* rema9s unclassifi$ "u logical categories reta9s all its prim>y reality & importance4 ,! outl9es ( x emphasis$ by logic1 ?\gh !y may be ! ess5tial vehicle ( our mo/ so>+ ?\ghts1 are only a me?od & a /yle ( ar*itecture4 ,!y nei!r absorb ! :ole mat]ial ( life nor monopolise its values4 ,& z ea* mat]ial imposes ^u ! build]'s +5uity a diff]5t type ( con/ruction1 & /one1 wood1 & iron mu/ be treat$ on diff]5t /ructural pr9ciples1 s logical me?ods ( compreh5sion1 spontane\s ?\gh !y be 9 _! m5tal orig91 mu/ prove !mselves fitt$ to ! natural ord] & aff9ity ( ! facts4,b ,nor is !re 9 ?is necessity any viol5ce to ! spontaneity ( reason3 = reason also has manifold =ms1 & ! accid5ts ( exp]i5ce are m ?an mat*$ 9 v>iety by ! multiplicity ( categories4 ,"h "o pr9ciple ( ord] & !re ano!r %oots into ! m9d1 :i* bre$s m g5]a & species ?an ! mo/ f]tile t]re/rial slime c bre$ individuals4 ,sid5ote3 ,complem5t>y "* ( ess5ce & exi/5ce4 ,language1 !n1 ) ! logic imb$d$ 9 x1 is a repository ( t]ms =m$ by id5tify+ successive p]ceptions1 z ! ext]nal _w is a repository ( objects conceiv$ by sup]pos+ p]ceptions t exi/ toge!r4 ,be+ =m$ on diff]5t pr9ciples ^! two ord]s ( conception--! logical & ! physical--d n co9cide1 & ! attempt to fuse !m into "o sy/em ( demon/rable reality or moral physics is doom$ to failure by ! v nature ( ! t]ms comp>$4 ,:5 ! ,eleatics prov$ ! impossibility--i4e41 ! inexpressibility--( motion1 or :5 ,kant & 8 foll[]s prov$ ! unreal "* ( all objects ( exp]i5ce & ( all natural k1 _! task 0 made easy by ! native div]sity betwe5 ! concretions 9 exi/5ce :i* 7 ! object ( _! ?\ght & ! concretions 9 disc\rse :i* 7 its measure4 ,! two d n fit2 & intr5*$ z ^! philosoph]s 7 9 ! =ms ( logic !y compell$ !mselves to reject z un?9kable ev]y?+ n fully expressible 9 ^? p>ticul> =ms4 ,?us !y took _! rev5ge ^u ! vulg> :o1 be+ busy *iefly ) mat]ial ?+s & dwell+ 9 an atmosph]e ( s5su\s images1 call unreal & ab/ract e product ( logical con/ruction or reflective analysis4 ,^! logical products1 h[ev]1 are n really ab/ract1 b1 z we h se51 concretions arriv$ at by a diff]5t me?od ?an t :i* results 9 mat]ial conceptions4 ,:]eas ! conception ( a ?+ is a local conglom]ate ( sev]al simultane\s s5sations1 logical entity is a homog5e\s revival 9 memory ( simil> s5sations temporally di/9ct4 ,?us ! _m arm$ ) prejudice & ! few arm$ ) logic fight an et]nal battle1 ! logician *>g+ ! physical _w ) un9telligibility & ! man ( common-s5se *>g+ ! logical _w ) ab/ractness & unreality4 ,! =m] view is ! m pr(\nd1 s9ce association by simil>ity is ! m elem5t>y & gives con/ancy to mean+s2 :ile ! latt] view is ! m practical1 s9ce association by contiguity alone in=ms ! m9d ab\t ! me*anical sequ5ce ( its own exp]i5ce4 ,nei!r pr9ciple c be disp5s$ )1 & ea* errs only 9 d5\nc+ ! o!r & wi%+ to be omnivor\s1 z if on ! "o h& logic c\ld make anybody und]/& ! hi/ory ( ev5ts & ! conjunction ( objects1 or on ! o!r h& z if cognitive & moral processes c\ld h any o!r t]ms ?an con/ant & ideal natures4 ,! namable ess5ce ( ?+s or ! /&>d ( values mu/ always be an ideal figm5t2 exi/5ce mu/ always be an empirical fact4 ,! =m] rema9s always remote f natural exi/5ce & ! latt] irr$ucible to a logical pr9ciple4,c ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,a3 ,?is di/9ction1 9 "o s5se1 is ,platonic3 b ,plato's ,reason 0 di/+ui%$ f und]/&+ 7:i* dealt ) ph5om5al exp]i5ce7 because x 0 a moral faculty def9+ ^? values & mean+s :i* 9 ,platonic nom5clature took ! title ( reality4 ,! ,g]man ,reason 0 only imag9ation1 sub/itut+ a dialectical or poetic hi/ory ( ! _w = its natural developm5t4 ,g]man idealism1 accord+ly1 0 n1 l ,plato's1 a moral philosophy hypo/asis$ b a false physics ador$4 ,footnote ,b3 ,?is natural ord] & aff9ity is some?+ imput$ to ! ultimate object ( ?\ght--! reality--by ! la/ act ( judgm5t assum+ its own tru?4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 n obs]vable by consci\sness be=e ! fir/ exp]im5t 9 compreh5sion has be5 made2 ! act ( compreh5sion :i* fir/ imposes on ! s5su\s mat]ial "s subjective category is ! fir/ to arrive at ! notion ( an objective ord]4 ,! hi/orian1 h[ev]1 has a well-tri$ & mature conception ( ! natural ord] arriv$ at aft] _m su* exp]im5ts 9 compreh5sion4 ,f ! vantage-gr\nd ( ?is late/ hypo!sis1 he surveys ! attempts o!rs h made to und]/& ev5ts & comp>es !m ) ! objective ord] :i* he believes himself to h discov]$4 ,?is obs]vation is made "h le/ ! read] %\ld confuse ! natural ord]1 imag9$ to exi/ be=e any application ( human categories1 ) ! la/ conception ( t ord] atta9$ by ! philosoph]4 ,! latt] is b fai?1 ! =m] is fai?'s ideal object4 ,footnote ,c3 ,= ! sake ( simplicity only su* ideas z prec$e conceptions ( ?+s h be5 m5tion$ "h4 ,aft] ?+s are discov]$1 h[ev]1 !y may be us$ z t]ms 9 a second ideal syn!sis & a concretion 9 disc\rse on a high] plane may be compos$ out ( su/a9$ concretions 9 exi/5ce4 ,prop] names are su* second>y concretions 9 disc\rse4 8,v5ice0 is a t]m cov]+ _m successive aspects & conditions1 n di/+ui%$ 9 fancy1 belong+ to an object exi/+ cont9u\sly 9 space & "t4 ,ea* ( ^! /ates ( ,v5ice con/itutes a natural object1 a concretion 9 exi/5ce1 & is aga9 analysable into a mass ( fus$ b recognisable qualities--light1 motion1 beauty--ea* ( :i* 0 an orig9al concretion 9 disc\rse1 a primordial t]m 9 exp]i5ce4 ,a quality is recognis$ by its own idea or p]man5t nature1 a ?+ by its con/itu5t qualities1 & an embodi$ _s by fusion into an ideal ess5ce ( ! con/ant *>act]s possess$ by a ?+4 ,to raise natural objects into hi/oric entities x is necess>y to repeat ^u a high] plane t concretion 9 disc\rse by :i* s5sations 7 rais$ to ideas4 ,:5 famili> objects atta9 ?is ideal "* !y h become poetical & a*iev$ a sort ( p]sonality4 ,!y !n possess a spiritual /atus4 ,?us s5su\s exp]i5ce is solidifi$ into logical t]ms1 ^! into ideas ( ?+s1 & ^!1 reca/ & smelt$ aga9 9 imag9ation1 into =ms ( _s4 ,,*apt] ,,viii--,,on ,,! ,,relative ,,value ,,( ,,?+s ,,& ,,ideas ,sid5ote3 ,moral tone ( op9ions d]iv$ f _! logical pr9ciple4 ,^? :o look back ^u ! hi/ory ( op9ion = _m c5turies commonly feel1 by a vague b pr(\nd in/9ct1 t c]ta9 consecrat$ doctr9es h an inh]5t dignity & spirituality1 :ile o!r speculative t5d5cies & o!r vocabul>ies seem w$d$ to all t is ignoble & %all[4 ,s fundam5tal is ?is moral tone 9 philosophy t p are usually m firmly conv9c$ t _! op9ions are preci\s ?an t !y are true4 ,!y may av[1 9 reflective mom5ts1 t !y may be 9 error1 see+ t ?9k]s ( no less repute h ma9ta9$ opposite op9ions1 b !y are commonly absolutely sure t if _! own views c\ld be g5]ally accept$1 x w\ld be a boon to mank9d1 t 9 fact ! moral int]e/s ( ! race are b\nd up1 n ) discov]+ :at may *ance to be true1 b ) discov]+ ! tru? to h a p>ticul> complexion4 ,?is pr$om9ant tru/ 9 moral judgm5ts is 9 "s cases consci\s & av[$1 s t philosoph]s invite ! _w to embrace t5ets = :i* no evid5ce is (f]$ b t !y *ime 9 ) curr5t aspirations or traditional bias4 ,?us ! sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ = becomes1 ev5 9 philosophy1 ! evid5ce ( ?+s n se54 ,su* fai? is inde$ pr(\ndly human & has accompani$ ! m9d 9 all its grop+s & discov]ies2 pref]5ce be+ ! prim>y pr9ciple ( discrim9ation & att5tion4 ,reason 9 h] e>lie/ manife/ations already discov]$ h] aff9ities & incapacities1 & load$ ! ideas %e fram$ ) fri5dl9ess or ho/ility4 ,x is n /range t h] late/ con/ructions %\ld inh]it ?is relation to ! w2 & we %all see t ! moral tone & aff9ity ( metaphysical sy/ems corresponds exactly ) ! prim>y function belong+ to t type ( idea on :i* !y are bas$4 ,ideali/ic sy/ems1 /ill cultivat+ concretions 9 disc\rse1 /udy ! fir/ conditions ( k & ! la/ int]e/s ( life2 mat]iali/ic sy/ems1 /ill emphasis+ concretions 9 exi/5ce1 describe causal relations1 & ! habits ( nature4 ,?us ! spiritual value ( v>i\s philosophies re/s 9 ! la/ in/ance on ! k9d ( good :i* orig9ally atta*$ ! m9d to t habit & plane ( ideation4 ,sid5ote3 ,concretions 9 disc\rse express in/9ctive reactions4 ,we h said t p]ceptions mu/ be recognis$ be=e !y c be associat$ by contiguity1 & t consequ5tly ! fusion ( temporally diffus$ exp]i5ces mu/ prec$e _! local fusion into mat]ial objects4 ,x might be urg$ 9 opposition to ?is /atem5t t concrete objects c be recognis$ 9 practice be=e _! g5]al qualities h be5 di/+ui%$ 9 disc\rse4 ,recognition may be in/9ctive1 t is1 bas$ on ! repetition ( a felt reaction or emotion1 r ?an on any memory ( a =m] occasion on :i* ! same p]ception occurr$4 ,su* an objection seems to be well gr\nd$1 = x is in/9ctive adju/m5ts & sugge/$ action t give cognitive value to s5sation & end[ x ) t transitive =ce :i* makes x consci\sly repres5tative ( :at is pa/1 future1 or abs5t4 ,if practical in/9ct did n /ret* :at is giv5 into :at is meant1 reason c\ld nev] recognise ! datum = a copy ( an ideal object4 ,sid5ote3 ,idealism rudim5t>y4 ,?is description ( ! case involves an application or ext5sion ( our !ory r ?an an argum5t aga9/ x4 ,= :]e recognition is in/9ctive & a famili> action is p]=m$ ) abs5t-m9d$ confid5ce & )\t att5d+ to ! indications t ju/ify t action1 !re is 9 an em95t degree a qualitative concretion 9 exp]i5ce4 ,pres5t impressions are m]g$ s completely 9 /ructural survivals ( ! pa/ t in/ead ( ar\s+ any ideas di/9ct en\gh to be objectifi$ !y m]ely /imulate ! inn] s5se1 rema9 imb$d$ 9 ! g5]al feel+ ( motion or life1 & con/itute 9 fact a height5$ s5tim5t ( pure vitality & fre$om4 ,= ! l[e/ & vague/ ( concretions 9 disc\rse are ! ideas ( self & ( an embosom+ ext]nal be+1 ) ! felt cont9uity ( bo?2 :at ,fi*te w\ld call ! ,ego1 ! ,non-,ego1 & ,life4 ,:]e no p>ticul> ev5ts are recognis$ !re is /ill a feel+ ( cont9u\s exi/5ce4 ,we trail aft] u f our :ole pa/ "s s5se ( ! cont9u\s en]gy & movem5t bo? ( our passionate fancies & ( ! phantasmagoria caprici\sly at "w beyond4 ,an ignorant m9d believes itself omnisci5t & omnipot5t2 ^? impulses 9 itself :i* really repres5t ! in]tia & unsp5t mom5tum ( its la/ dream x reg>ds z ! creative =ces ( nature4 ,! fir/ l9es ( cleavage & ! fir/ recognisable bulks at :i* att5tion is arre/$ are 9 tru? ^? %ad[y ,fi*tean divisions3 su* are ! rude beg9n+s ( logical ar*itecture4 ,9 its inability to descry any?+ def9ite & fix$1 = want ( an acquir$ empirical backgr\nd & a di/9ct memory1 ! m9d fl\nd]s =w>d 9 a dream full ( prophecies & wayw>d id5tifications4 ,! _w possesses z yet 9 its reg>d only ! sup]ficial =ms t appe> 9 rev]y1 x has no hidd5 ma*9]y1 no ?ird dim5sion 9 :i* unobs]v$ & p]petual op]ations are go+ on4 ,its only t]ms1 9 a ^w1 are concretions 9 disc\rse1 ideas comb9$ 9 _! /hetic & logical h>monies1 n 9 _! habitual & efficaci\s conjunctions4 ,! disord] ( su* exp]i5ce is /ill a spontane\s disord]2 x has n discov]$ h[ calculable are its unprem$itat$ %ocks4 ,! cataclysms t occur seem to h only ideal gr\nds & only dramatic mean+4 ,?\gh ! dream may h its t]rors & deg5]ate at mom5ts into a nightm>e1 x has /ill inf9ite pla/icity & buoyancy4 ,:at p]ceptions are reta9$ m]ge 9 ^? haunt+ & fri5dly pres5ces1 !y h an intelligible & cong5ial "* because !y appe> z p>ts & efflu5ces ( an inn] fiction1 evolv+ accord+ to ! b>b>ic prosody ( an almo/ infant m9d4 ,?is is ! fairy-l& ( idealism :]e only ! miracul\s seems a matt] ( c\rse & e h9t ( :at is purely natural is disreg>d$1 = ! truly natural /ill seems artificial1 dead1 & remote4 ,new & disconc]t+ facts1 :i* intrude !mselves inopportunely into ! /ory1 *ill ! curr5ts ( spontane\s imag9ation & are reject$ z long z possible = be+ ali5 & p]v]se4 ,p]ceptions1 on ! contr>y1 :i* c be atta*$ to ! old pres5ces z confirmations or coroll>ies1 become at once p>ts ( ! w>p & wo( ( :at we call ourselves4 ,!y seem ( ! v sub/ance ( _s1 obey+ a vital mom5tum & fl[+ f ! inmo/ pr9ciple ( be+2 & !y are s mu* ak9 to human presumptions t !y pass = manife/ations ( necess>y tru?4 ,?us ! demon/rations ( geometry be+ b ! int5t explication ( a long-consolidat$ ideal concretion :i* we call space1 are welcom$ by ! m9d z 9 a s5se famili> & z revelations ( a tru? implicit 9 ! s\l1 s t ,plato c\ld plausibly take !m = recollections ( pr5atal wisdom4 ,b a rocket t bur/s into sp>ks ( a doz5 col\rs1 ev5 if expect$1 is expect$ ) anxiety & obs]v$ ) surprise2 x assaults ! s5ses at an incalculable mom5t ) a s5sation individual & new4 ,! excit+ t5sion & lively /imulus may please 9 _! way1 yet ! badge ( ! accid5tal & unmean+ adh]es to ! ?+4 ,x is a trivial exp]i5ce & "o quickly =gott54 ,! %ock is sup]ficial & 7 x repeat$ w\ld soon fatigue4 ,we %\ld retire ) relief into d>kness & sil5ce1 to our p]man5t & rational ?\ghts4 ,sid5ote3 ,naturalism sad4 ,x is a rem>kable fact1 :i* may easily be mis9t]pret$1 t :ile all ! b5efits & pleasures ( life seem to be associat$ ) ext]nal ?+s1 & all c]ta9 k seems to describe mat]ial laws1 yet a deifi$ nature has g5]ally inspir$ a religion ( melan*oly4 ,:y %\ld ! only intelligible philosophy seem to defeat reason & ! *ief means ( b5efit+ mank9d seem to bla/ our be/ hopes8 ,:5ce ?is pr(\nd av]sion to s beautiful & fruitful a univ]se8 ,:5ce ?is p]si/5t se>* = invisible regions & p[]s & = metaphysical explanations t c expla9 no?+1 :ile nature's voice )\t & )9 man cries al\d to him to look1 act1 & enjoy8 ,& :5 someone1 9 prote/ aga9/ su* s5seless oracul> prejudices1 has actually embrac$ ! life & fai? ( nature & taught o!rs to look to ! natural _w = all motives & sanctions1 expect+ ?us to refre% & m>vell\sly to invigorate human life1 :y h ^? innoc5t hopes fail$ s mis]ably8 ,:y is t s5su\s optimism we may call ,greek1 or t indu/rial optimism we may call ,am]ican1 su* a ?9 disguise = despair8 ,:y does ea* melt away & become a mock]y at ! fir/ approa* ( reflection8 ,:y has man's consci5ce 9 ! end inv>iably rebell$ aga9/ naturalism & rev]t$ 9 "s =m or o!r to a cultus ( ! unse58 ,sid5ote3 ,! s\l ak9 to ! et]nal & ideal4 ,we may answ] 9 ! words ( ,sa9t ,paul3 because ?+s se5 are temporal & ?+s n se5 are et]nal4 ,& we may add1 rememb]+ our analysis ( ! objects inhabit+ ! m9d1 t ! et]nal is ! truly human1 t :i* is ak9 to ! fir/ indisp5sable products ( intellig5ce1 :i* arise by ! fusion ( successive images 9 disc\rse1 & transc5d ! p>ticul> 9 "t1 peopl+ ! m9d ) p]man5t & recognisable objects1 & /r5g!n+ x ) a syn!tic1 dramatic appreh5sion ( itself & its own exp]i5ce4 ,concretion 9 exi/5ce1 on ! contr>y1 yields ess5tially deta*$ & empirical unities1 =eign to m9d 9 spite ( _! ord]1 & un9telligible 9 spite ( _! cle>ness4 ,reason fails to assimilate 9 !m precisely t :i* makes !m real1 namely1 _! pres5ce "h & n[1 9 ?is ord] & numb]4 ,! =m & quality ( !m we c reta91 dome/icate1 & weave into ! texture ( reflection1 b _! exi/5ce & individuality rema9 a datum ( s5se ne$+ to be v]ifi$ anew at e mom5t & actually receiv+ cont9ual v]ification or dispro( :ile we live 9 ?is _w4 8,?is _w0 we call x1 n )\t ju/ifiable pa?os1 = _m o!r worlds are conceivable & if discov]$ might prove m rational & intelligible & m ak9 to ! s\l ?an ?is /range univ]se :i* man has hi!rto always look$ ^u ) increas+ a/oni%m5t4 ,! mat]ials ( exp]i5ce are no soon] 9 h& ?an !y are trans=m$ by intellig5ce1 r$uc$ to ^? p]man5t pres5ces1 ^? natures & relations1 :i* alone c live 9 disc\rse4 ,^? mat]ials1 re>rang$ into ! ab/ract summ>ies we call hi/ory or sci5ce1 or piec$ out into ! recon/ructions & ext5sions we call poetry or religion1 furni% u ) ideas ( z _m dream-worlds z we please1 all ne>] to reason's ideal ?an is ! actual *aos ( p]ceptual exp]i5ce1 & "s ne>] to ! he>t's desire4 ,:5 an empirical philosophy1 !re=e1 calls u back f ! irresponsible flights ( imag9ation to ! %ock ( s5se & tries to rem9d u t 9 ?is alone we t\* exi/5ce & come ^u fact1 we feel dispossess$ ( our nature & cramp$ 9 our life4 ,! actuality possess$ by ext]nal exp]i5ce _c make up = its in/ability1 nor ! applicability ( sci5tific pr9ciples = _! hypo!tical "*4 ,! dep5d5ce ^u s5se1 :i* we are r$uc$ to :5 we consid] ! _w ( exi/5ces1 becomes a too pla9 h9t ( our ess5tial impot5ce & mortality1 :ile ! play ( logical fancy1 ?\gh x rema9 inevitable1 is sadd5$ by a consci\sness ( its own insignificance4 ,sid5ote3 ,h] inexp]i5ce4 ,t dignity1 !n1 :i* inh]es 9 logical ideas & _! aff9ity to moral en?usiasm1 spr+s f _! congruity ) ! prim>y habits ( intellig5ce & idealisation4 ,! s\l or self or p]sonality1 :i* 9 sophi/icat$ social life is s mu* ! c5tre ( passion & conc]n1 is itself an idea1 a concretion 9 disc\rse2 & ! level on :i* x swims comes to be1 by association & aff9ity1 ! region ( all ! m vivid & massive human int]e/s4 ,! pleasures :i* lie b5ea? x are ignor$1 & ! ideals :i* lie above x are n p]ceiv$4 ,av]sion to an empirical or naturali/ic philosophy accord+ly expresses a sort ( logical patriotism & atta*m5t to homespun ideas4 ,! actual is too remote & unfri5dly to ! dream]2 to und]/& x he has to le>n a =eign tongue1 :i* 8 native prejudice imag9es to be unmean+ & unpoetical4 ,! tru? is1 h[ev]1 t nature's language is too ri* = man2 & ! discom=t he feels :5 he is compell$ to use x m]ely m>ks 8 lack ( education4 ,!re is no?+ *eap] ?an idealism4 ,x c be _h by m]ely n obs]v+ ! ineptitude ( our *ance prejudices1 & by decl>+ t ! fir/ rhymes t h /ruck our e> are ! et]nal & necess>y h>monies ( ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,platonism spontane\s4 ,! ?9k]'s bias is naturally fav\rable to logical ideas4 ,! man ( reflection w attribute1 z f> z possible1 validity & reality to ^! alone4 ,platonism rema9s ! classic in/ance ( ?is way ( ?9k+4 ,liv+ 9 an age ( rhetoric1 ) an education t dealt ) no?+ b ideal entities1 v]bal1 moral1 or ma!matical1 ,plato saw 9 concretions 9 disc\rse ! true elem5ts ( be+4 ,def9able mean+s1 be+ ! t]ms ( ?\ght1 mu/ also1 he fanci$1 be ! con/itu5ts ( reality4 ,& ) t directness & audacity :i* 0 possible to ! anci5ts1 & ( :i* ,py?agoreans & ,eleatics _h already giv5 brilliant examples1 he set up ^! t]ms ( disc\rse1 l ! ,py?agorean numb]s1 = absolute & et]nal entities1 exi/+ be=e all ?+s1 reveal$ 9 all ?+s1 giv+ ! cosmic artific] 8 models & ! creature 8 goal4 ,by "s inexplicable necessity ! creation _h tak5 place4 ,! ideas _h multipli$ !mselves 9 a flux ( innum]able images :i* c\ld be recognis$ by _! resemblance to _! orig9als1 b 7 at once cancell$ & expung$ by virtue ( _! ess5tial inadequacy4 ,:at s\nds are to words & words to ?\ghts1 t 0 a ?+ to its idea4 ,sid5ote3 ,its ess5tial fidelity to ! ideal4 ,plato1 h[ev]1 reta9$ ! moral & significant ess5ce ( 8 ideas1 & :ile he made !m ideal absolutes1 fix$ mean+s antec$5t to _! *ang+ expressions1 nev] dream$ t !y c\ld be natural exi/5ces1 or psy*ological be+s4 ,9 an orig9al ?9k]1 9 "o :o really ?9ks & does n m]ely argue1 to call a ?+ sup]natural1 or spiritual1 or intelligible is to decl>e t x is no ?+ at all1 no exi/5ce actual or possible1 b a value1 a t]m ( ?\ght1 a m]ely ideal pr9ciple2 & ! m its reality 9 su* a s5se is insi/$ on ! m its incomm5surability ) brute exi/5ce is ass]t$4 ,to express ?is ideal reality my? is ! natural vehicle2 a vehicle ,plato c\ld avail himself ( all ! m freely t he inh]it$ a religion /ill pla/ic & consci\s ( its poetic ess5ce1 & did n h to /ruggle1 l 8 mod]n disciples1 ) ! arre/$ *ildi%ness ( m9ds t = a hundr$ g5]ations h le>n$ _! metaphysics 9 ! cradle4 ,8 ideas1 al?\gh _! natural basis 0 ignor$1 7 accord+ly always ideal2 !y always repres5t$ mean+s & functions & 7 nev] degrad$ f ! moral to ! physical sph]e4 ,! c\nt]p>t ( ?is g5u9e ideality 0 t ! !ory reta9$ its moral =ce & did n deg5]ate into a bewild]$ & idolatr\s pan!ism4 ,plato conceiv$ ! s\l's de/9y to be h] emancipation f ^? mat]ial ?+s :i* 9 ?is illogical app>ition 7 s ali5 to h] ess5ce4 ,%e %\ld return1 aft] h] baffl+ & /upefy+ int]c\rse ) ! _w ( s5se & accid5t1 into ! native heav5 ( h] ideas4 ,= animal desires 7 no less illusory1 & yet no less significant1 ?an s5su\s p]ceptions4 ,!y engag$ man 9 ! pursuit ( ! good & taught him1 ?r\gh disappo9tm5t1 to look = x only 9 ^? satisfactions :i* c be p]man5t & p]fect4 ,love1 l intellig5ce1 mu/ rise f appe>ance to reality1 & re/ 9 t div9e _w :i* is ! fulfilm5t ( ! human4 ,sid5ote3 ,equal rights ( empiricism4 ,a geometrician does a good s]vice :5 he decl>es & explicates ! nature ( ! triangle1 an object sugge/$ by _m casual & recurr+ s5sations4 ,8 s]vice is n less real1 ev5 if less obvi\s1 :5 he arre/s "s fundam5tal concretion 9 disc\rse1 & =mulates ! fir/ pr9ciples ( logic4 ,ma/]+ su* def9itions1 s9k+ into ! dry life ( su* =ms1 he may sp9 out & develop indef9itely1 9 ! fre$om ( 8 irresponsible logic1 _! implications & congru\s ext5sions1 op5+ by 8 demon/ration a dep? ( k :i* we %\ld o!rwise nev] h discov]$ 9 ourselves4 ,b if ! geomet] _h a fanatical zeal & =bade u to consid] space & ! triangles x conta9s o!rwise ?an z 8 own ideal sci5ce consid]s !m3 =bade u1 = in/ance1 to inquire h[ we came to p]ceive ^? triangles or t space2 :at organs & s5ses conspir$ 9 furni%+ ! idea ( !m2 :at mat]ial objects %[ t "*1 & h[ !y came to (f] !mselves to our obs]vation--!n surely ! geomet] w\ld qualify 8 s]vice ) a di/9ct injury & :ile he op5$ our eyes to "o fasc9at+ vi/a w\ld t5d to bl9d !m to o!rs no less tempt+ & beautiful4 ,= ! naturali/ & psy*ologi/ h also _! rights & c tell u ?+s well wor? kn[+2 nor w any !ory !y may possibly propose conc]n+ ! orig9 ( spatial ideas & _! mat]ial embodim5ts ev] invalidate ! demon/rations ( geometry4 ,^!1 9 _! hypo!tical sph]e1 are p]fectly autonom\s & self-g5]at+1 & _! applicability to exp]i5ce w hold s long z ! initial images !y are appli$ to cont9ue to ab\nd 9 p]ception4 ,if we awoke to-morr[ 9 a _w conta9+ no?+ b music1 geometry w\ld inde$ lose its relevance to our future exp]i5ce2 b x w\ld keep its ideal cog5cy1 & become aga9 a liv+ language if any spatial objects %\ld ev] reappe> 9 s5se4 ,! hi/ory ( su* reappe>ances--natural hi/ory--is meantime a good subject = obs]vation & exp]im5t4 ,*ronicl] & critic c always approa* exp]i5ce ) a me?od complem5t>y to ! d$uctive me?ods pursu$ 9 ma!matics & logic3 in/ead ( develop+ ! import ( a def9ition1 he c inve/igate its orig9 & describe its relation to o!r disp>ate ph5om5a4 ,! ma!matician develops ! import ( giv5 ideas2 ! psy*ologi/ inve/igates _! orig9 & describes _! relation to ! re/ ( human exp]i5ce4 ,s ! prophet develops ! import ( 8 trance1 & ! !ologian ! import ( ! prophecy3 :i* prev5ts n ! hi/orian f com+ lat] & %[+ ! orig91 ! gr[?1 & ! possible function ( t maniacal sort ( wisdom4 ,true1 ! !ologian commonly dreads a critic m ?an does ! geomet]1 b ?is happ5s only because ! !ologian has probably n develop$ ! import ( 8 facts ) any au/]ity or cle>ness1 b has di/ort$ t ideal int]pretation ) all sorts ( concessions & side-glances at o!r t5ets to :i* he is already pl$g$1 s t he ju/ly fe>s1 :5 8 me?ods are expos$1 t ! religi\s he>t w be ali5at$ f him & 8 conclusions be left ) no foo?old 9 human nature4 ,if he _h n be5 guilty ( su* misrepres5tation1 no hi/ory or criticism t review$ 8 con/ruction w\ld d any?+ b recomm5d x to all ^? :o f\nd 9 !mselves ! prim>y religi\s facts & religi\s faculties :i* t con/ruction _h fai?fully int]pret$ 9 its ideal d$uctions & ext5sions4 ,all :o p]ceiv$ ! facts w\ld ?us le>n _! import2 & !ology w\ld reveal to ! s\l h] natural religion1 j z ,euclid reveals to ar*itects & navigators ! /ructure ( natural space1 s t !y value 8 demon/rations n only = _! hypo!tical cog5cy b = _! practical relevance & tru?4 ,sid5ote3 ,logic dep5d5t on fact = its importance1 ,n[1 l ! geomet] & +5u\s !ologian t he 01 ,plato develop$ ! import ( moral & logical exp]i5ce4 ,ev5 8 foll[]s1 ?\gh !y might give re9 to n>r[] & m fanta/ic en?usiasms1 (t5 unveil$ secrets1 hidd5 9 ! oracul> int5t ( ! he>t1 :i* might nev] h be5 disclos$ b = _! lessons4 ,b ) a zeal unbecom+ s well gr\nd$ a philosophy !y turn$ _! backs ^u ! re/ ( wisdom1 !y disp>ag$ ! evid5ce ( s5se1 !y grew hot aga9/ ! ultimate practical sanctions furni%$ by impulse & pleasure1 !y proscrib$ beauty 9 art 7:]e ,plato _h proscrib$ *iefly :at to a f9e s5sibility is m]etrici\s ugl9ess71 & 9 a ^w !y s\ght to aboli% all human activities o!r ?an ! "o pre-em95t 9 !mselves4 ,9 rev5ge = _! ho/ility ! great _w has nev] giv5 !m m ?an a di/ru/ful admiration &1 confront$ daily by ! evid5t tru?s !y d5i$1 has enc\rag$ itself to =get ! tru?s !y ass]t$4 ,= !y _h ! bias ( reflection & man is born to d m ?an reflect2 !y attribut$ reality & validity only to logical ideas1 & man f9ds o!r objects cont9ually ?ru/+ !mselves be=e 8 eyes1 claim+ 8 affection & controll+ 8 =tunes4 ,! mo/ legitimate con/ructions ( reason soon become m]ely speculative1 soon pass1 ,i mean1 beyond ! sph]e ( practical application2 & ! man ( affairs1 adju/+ himself at e turn to ! opaque brutality ( fact1 loses 8 respect = ! high] rea*es ( logic & =gets t 8 recognition ( facts !mselves is an application ( logical pr9ciples4 ,9 8 y\?1 p]haps1 he pursu$ metaphysics1 :i* are ! love-affairs ( ! und]/&+2 n[ he is w$d$ to conv5tion & seeks 9 ! passion he calls bus9ess or 9 ! habit he calls duty "s sub/itute = natural happ9ess4 ,he fe>s to "q ! value ( 8 life1 hav+ f\nd t su* que/ion+ adds no?+ to 8 p[]s2 & he ?9ks ! m>9] w\ld die ( old age 9 port :o %\ld wait = reason to ju/ify 8 voyage4 ,reason is inde$ l ! sad ,iphig5ia :om h] royal fa!r1 ! ,w1 mu/ sacrifice be=e any w9d c fill 8 sails4 ,! emanation ( all ?+s f ! ,"o involves n only ! inc>nation b ! crucifixion ( ! ,logos4 ,reason mu/ be eclips$ by its suppos$ expressions1 & c only %9e 9 a d>kness :i* does n compreh5d x4 ,= reason is ess5tially hypo!tical & subsidi>y1 & c nev] con/itute :at x expresses 9 man1 nor :at x recognises 9 nature4 ,sid5ote3 & = its subsi/5ce4 ,if logic %\ld refuse to make ?is initial self-sacrifice & to subord9ate itself to impulse & fact1 x w\ld imm$iately become irrational & =feit its own ju/ification4 ,= x exi/s by virtue ( a human impulse & 9 answ] to a human ne$4 ,to ask a man1 9 ! satisfaction ( a metaphysical passion1 to =ego e o!r good is to r5d] him fanatical & to %ut 8 eyes daily to ! sun 9 ord] t he may see bett] by ! />-light4 ,! radical fault ( rationalism is n any incid5tal error committ$ 9 its d$uctions1 al?\gh su* necess>ily ab\nd 9 e human sy/em4 ,its great orig9al s9 is its d5ial ( its own basis & its refusal to occupy its due place 9 ! _w1 an ignorant fe> ( be+ invalidat$ by its hi/ory & di%on\r$1 z x 71 if its ance/ry is h9t$ at4 ,only ba/>ds %\ld fe> t fate1 & criticism w\ld inde$ be fatal to a ba/>d philosophy1 to "o t does n spr+ f practical reason & has no roots 9 life4 ,b ^? products ( reason :i* arise by reflection on fact1 & ^? spontane\s & demon/rable sy/ems ( ideas :i* c be v]ifi$ 9 exp]i5ce1 & ?us s]ve to r5d] ! facts calculable & articulate1 w lose no?+ ( _! lu/re by discov]+ _! l9eage4 ,s ! idea ( nature rema9s true aft] psy*ology has analys$ its orig91 & n only true1 b beautiful & b5efic5t4 ,= unlike _m negligible products ( speculative fancy x is wov5 out ( recurr5t p]ceptions into a hypo!tical cause f :i* fur!r p]ceptions c be d$uc$ z !y are actually exp]i5c$4 ,su* a me*anism once discov]$ confirms itself at e brea? we draw1 & surr\nds e object 9 hi/ory & nature ) inf9ite & true sugge/ions1 mak+ x d\bly int]e/+1 fruitful1 & pot5t ov] ! m9d4 ,! naturali/ accord+ly welcomes criticism because 8 con/ructions1 ?\gh no less hypo!tical & speculative ?an ! ideali/'s dreams1 are su* legitimate & fruitful fictions t !y are obvi\s tru?s4 ,= tru?1 at ! intelligible level :]e x arises1 means n s5sible fact1 b valid ideation1 v]ifi$ hypo!sis1 & inevitable1 /able inf]5ce4 ,if ! ideali/ fe>s & deprecates any !ory ( 8 own orig9 & function1 he is only obey+ ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation2 = he kn[s v well t 8 pa/ w n be> exam9ation4 ,he is heir to e sup]/ition & by pr(ession an apologi/2 8 deepe/ vocation is to rescue1 by "s logical t\r de =ce1 :at spontane\sly he himself w\ld h tak5 = a consecrat$ error4 ,n[ hi/ory & criticism w\ld involve1 z he in/9ctively p]ceives1 ! r$uction ( 8 doctr9es to _! pragmatic value1 to _! ideal significance = real life4 ,b he dete/s any admission ( relativity 9 8 doctr9es1 all ! m because he _c av[ 8 reasons = dete/+ x2 & zeal1 "h z 9 s _m cases1 becomes ! cov] & evid5ce ( a bad consci5ce4 ,bigotry & craft1 ) a rhetorical vilification ( enemies1 !n come to re9=ce 9 ! prophet t natural limitation ( 8 int]e/s :i* turns 8 face away f hi/ory & criticism2 until 8 sy/em1 9 its mon/r\s unreality & dis+5u\sness1 becomes intol]able1 & provokes a g5]al revolt 9 :i* too (t5 ! tru? ( x is buri$ ) ! error 9 a common oblivion4 ,sid5ote3 ,reason & docility4 ,if idealism is intr5*$ 9 ! v /ructure ( human reason1 empiricism repres5ts all ^? en]gies ( ! ext]nal univ]se :i*1 z ,sp9oza says1 mu/ inf9itely exce$ ! en]gies ( man4 ,if m$itation bre$s sci5ce1 wisdom comes by disillusion1 ev5 on ! subject ( sci5ce itself4 ,docility to ! facts makes ! sanity ( sci5ce4 ,reason is only half gr[n & n really di/+ui%able f imag9ation s long z %e _c *eck & reca/ h] own processes :]ev] !y r5d] ! m\lds ( ?\ght unfit = _! subject-matt]4 ,docility is1 z we h se51 ! deepe/ condition ( reason's exi/5ce2 = if a =m ( m5tal syn!sis 7 by *ance develop$ :i* 0 incapable ( appropriat+ ! data ( s5se1 ^! data c\ld n be rememb]$ or introduc$ at all into a gr[+ & cumulative exp]i5ce4 ,s5sations w\ld leave no memorial2 :ile logical ?\ghts w\ld play idly1 l s _m p>asites 9 ! m9d1 & ultimately langui% & die ( inanition4 ,to be n\ri%$ & employ$1 intellig5ce mu/ h develop$ su* /ructure & habits z w enable x to assimilate :at food comes 9 its way2 s t ! p]si/5ce ( any intellectual habit is a pro( t x has "s applicability1 h[ev] p>tial1 to ! facts ( s5ti5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,applicable ?\ght & cl>ifi$ exp]i5ce4 ,?is applicability1 ! pr]equisite ( significant ?\ght1 is also its ev5tual te/2 & ! ga!r+ ( new exp]i5ces1 ! consci\sness ( m & m facts cr[d+ into ! memory & dem&+ co-ord9ation1 is at once ! pres5tation to reason ( h] legitimate problem & a pro( t %e is already at "w4 ,x is a pres5tation ( h] problem1 because reason is n a faculty ( dreams b a me?od 9 liv+2 & by fac+ ! flux ( s5sations & impulses t con/itute mortal life ) ! gift ( ideal con/ruction & ! aspiration t[>d et]nal goods1 %e is only do+ h] duty & manife/+ :at %e is4 ,to accumulate facts1 moreov]1 is 9 itself to prove t rational activity is already awak5$1 because a consci\sness ( multitud9\s accid5ts div]sify+ exp]i5ce involves a wide scope 9 memory1 good me?ods ( classification1 & ke5 s5ses1 s t all work+ toge!r !y may collect _m obs]vations4 ,memory & all its in/rum5ts are embodim5ts1 on a mode/ scale1 ( rational activities :i* 9 !ory & speculation reappe> ^u a high] level4 ,! expansion ( ! m9d 9 po9t ( ret5tiv5ess & weal? ( images is z mu* an advance 9 k z is its developm5t 9 po9t ( organisation4 ,! /ructure may be wid5$ at ! base z well z rais$ t[>d its ideal summit1 & :ile a mass ( in=mation imp]fectly dige/$ leaves some?+ /ill = intellig5ce to d1 x %[s at ! same "t h[ mu* intellig5ce has done already4 ,! function ( reason is to dom9ate exp]i5ce2 & obvi\sly op5ness to new impressions is no less necess>y to t end ?an is ! possession ( pr9ciples by :i* new impressions may be int]pret$4 ,,*apt] ,,ix--,,h[ ,,?\ght ,,is ,,practical ,sid5ote3 ,functional relations ( m9d & body4 ,no?+ is m natural or m congru\s ) all ! analogies ( exp]i5ce ?an t animals %\ld feel & ?9k4 ,! relation ( m9d to body1 ( reason to nature1 seems to be actually ?is3 :5 bodies h rea*$ a c]ta9 complexity & vital equilibrium1 a s5se beg9s to inhabit !m :i* is focuss$ ^u ! pres]vation ( t body & on its reproduction4 ,?is s5se1 z x becomes reflective & expressive ( physical welf>e1 po9ts m & m to its own p]si/5ce & h>mony1 & g5]ates ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,nature is reason's basis & !me2 reason is nature's consci\sness2 &1 f ! po9t ( view ( t consci\sness :5 x has aris51 reason is also nature's ju/ification & goal4 ,to sep>ate ?+s s closely b\nd toge!r z are m9d & body1 reason & nature1 is consequ5tly a viol5t & artificial divorce1 & a man ( judgm5t w in/9ctively discr$it any philosophy 9 :i* x is decre$4 ,b to avoid divorce x is well fir/ to avoid unnatural unions1 & n to attribute to our two elem5ts1 :i* mu/ be p>tn]s = life1 relations repugnant to _! respective natures & (fices4 ,n[ ! body is an in/rum5t1 ! m9d its function1 ! witness & rew>d ( its op]ation4 ,m9d is ! body's entele*y1 a value :i* accrues to ! body :5 x has rea*$ a c]ta9 p]fection1 ( :i* x w\ld be a pity1 s to speak1 t x %\ld rema9 unconsci\s2 s t :ile ! body fe$s ! m9d ! m9d p]fects ! body1 lift+ x & all its natural relations & impulses into ! moral _w1 into ! sph]e ( int]e/s & ideas4 ,no connection c\ld be clos] ?an ?is reciprocal involution1 z nature & life reveal x2 b ! connection is natural1 n dialectical4 ,! union w be d5aturalis$ &1 s f> z philosophy goes1 actually de/roy$1 if we seek to c>ry x on into logical equival5ce4 ,if we isolate ! t]ms m9d & body & /udy ! inw>d implications ( ea* ap>t1 we %all nev] discov] ! o!r4 ,t matt] _c1 by transposition ( its p>ticles1 become :at we call consci\sness1 is an admitt$ tru?2 t m9d _c become its own occasions or det]m9e its own m>*1 ?\gh x be a tru? n recognis$ by all philosoph]s1 is 9 itself no less obvi\s4 ,matt]1 dialectically /udi$1 makes consci\sness seem a sup]flu\s & unacc\ntable add5dum2 m9d1 /udi$ 9 ! same way1 makes nature an emb>rass+ idea1 a figm5t :i* ought to be subs]vi5t to consci\s aims & p]fectly transp>5t1 b :i* rema9s opaque & ov]:elm+4 ,9 ord] to escape ^! sophi/ications1 x suffices to rev]t to imm$iate obs]vation & /ate ! "q 9 its prop] t]ms3 nature lives1 & p]ception is a private e*o & response to ambi5t motions4 ,! s\l is ! voice ( ! body's int]e/s2 9 wat*+ !m a man def9es ! _w t su/a9s him & t conditions all 8 satisfactions4 ,9 disc]n+ 8 orig9 he *ri/5s ,nature by ! eloqu5t "n ( "m1 "u :i* title %e ent]s ! univ]se ( disc\rse4 ,simultane\sly he disc]ns 8 own exi/5ce & m>ks (f ! inn] region ( 8 dreams4 ,& x behooves him n to oblit]ate ^! discov]ies4 ,by try+ to give 8 m9d false po9ts ( atta*m5t 9 nature he w\ld disfigure n only nature b also t reason :i* is s mu* ! ess5ce ( 8 life4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y =m "o natural life4 ,consci\sness1 !n1 is ! expression ( bodily life & ! seat ( all its values4 ,its place 9 ! natural _w is l t ( its own ideal products1 art1 religion1 or sci5ce2 x translates natural relations into syn!tic & ideal symbols by :i* ?+s are int]pret$ ) ref]5ce to ! int]e/s ( consci\sness itself4 ,?is repres5tation is also an exi/5ce & has its place along ) all o!r exi/5ces 9 ! bosom ( nature4 ,9 ?is s5se its connection ) its organs1 & ) all t affects ! body or t ! body affects1 is a natural connection4 ,if ! ^w cause did n sugge/ dialectical bonds we might innoc5tly say t ?\ght 0 a l9k 9 ! *a9 ( natural causes4 ,x is at lea/ a l9k 9 ! *a9 ( natural ev5ts2 = x has det]m9ate antec$5ts 9 ! bra9 & s5ses & det]m9ate consequ5ts 9 actions & words4 ,b ?is dep5d5ce & ?is efficacy h no?+ logical ab\t !m2 !y are habitual collocations 9 ! _w1 l lightn+ & ?und]4 ,a m m9ute inspection ( psy*o-physical processes1 7 x practicable1 w\ld d\btless disclose undream$ ( complexities & h>monies 9 !m2 ! ma!matical & dynamic relations ( /imulus & s5sation might p]haps be =mulat$ ) precision4 ,b ! t]ms us$ 9 ! equation1 _! quality & inw>d habit1 w\ld always rema9 data :i* ! naturali/ w\ld h to assume aft] hav+ le>n$ !m by inspection4 ,movem5t c\ld nev] be d$uc$ dialectically or graphically f ?\ght nor ?\ght f movem5t4 ,inde$ no natural relation is 9 a diff]5t case4 ,nei!r gravity1 nor *emical reaction1 nor life & reproduction1 nor "t1 space1 & motion !mselves are logically d$ucible1 nor intelligible 9 t]ms ( _! limits4 ,! ph5om5a h to be accept$ at _! face value & all[$ to reta9 a c]ta9 empirical complexity2 o!rwise ! se$ ( all sci5ce is /]ilis$ & calculation _c proce$ = want ( disc]nible & pregnant elem5ts4 ,h[ f9e nature's habits may be1 :]e repetition beg9s1 & d[n to :at dep? a ma!matical treatm5t c p5etrate1 is a "q = ! natural sci5ces to solve4 ,:e!r consci\sness1 = in/ance1 accompanies vegetative life1 or ev5 all motion1 is a po9t to be decid$ solely by empirical analogy4 ,:5 ! exact physical conditions ( ?\ght are discov]$ 9 man1 we may inf] h[ f> ?\ght is diffus$ ?r\gh ! univ]se1 = x w be coext5sive ) ! conditions x w h be5 %[n to h4 ,n[1 9 a v r\gh way1 we "k already :at ^! conditions are4 ,!y are fir/ ! exi/5ce ( an organic body & !n its possession ( adaptable in/9cts1 ( in/9cts t c be modifi$ by exp]i5ce4 ,?is capacity is :at an obs]v] calls intellig5ce2 docility is ! obs]vable half ( reason4 ,:5 an animal w9ces at a bl[ & readju/s 8 pose1 we say he feels2 & we say he ?9ks :5 we see him brood+ ov] 8 impressions1 & f9d him laun*+ into a new c\rse ( action aft] a sil5t decoction ( 8 pot5tial impulses4 ,conv]sely1 :5 obs]vation cov]s bo? ! m5tal & ! physical process1 t is1 9 our own exp]i5ce1 we f9d t felt impulses1 ! conceiv$ objects = :i* !y make1 & ! values !y det]m9e are all correlat$ ) animal in/9cts & ext]nal impressions4 ,a desire is ! inw>d sign ( a physical proclivity to act1 an image 9 s5se is ! sign 9 mo/ cases ( "s mat]ial object 9 ! environm5t & always1 we may presume1 ( "s c]ebral *ange4 ,! bra9 seems to simm] l a caldron 9 :i* all sorts ( matt]s are p]petually trans=m+ !mselves into all sorts ( %apes4 ,:5 ?is c]ebral reorganisation is p]t95t to ! ext]nal situation & r5d]s ! man1 :5 he resumes action1 m a ma/] ( 8 _w1 ! accompany+ ?\ght is said to be practical2 = x br+s a consci\sness ( p[] & an e>ne/ ( success4 ,c]ebral processes are ( c\rse l>gely hypo!tical4 ,!ory sugge/s _! exi/5ce1 & exp]i5ce c v]ify t !ory only 9 an indirect & imp]fect mann]4 ,! addition ( a physical sub/ratum to all ?9k+ is only a sci5tific exp$i5t1 a hypo!sis express+ ! fai? t nature is me*anically intelligible ev5 beyond ! rea*es ( m9ute v]ification4 ,! accompany+ consci\sness1 on ! o!r h&1 is some?+ intimately felt by ea* man 9 8 own p]son2 x is a portion ( crude & imm$iate exp]i5ce4 ,t x accompanies *anges 9 8 body & 9 ! _w is n an inf]5ce = him b a datum4 ,b :5 crude exp]i5ce is some:at ref9$ & ! s\l1 at fir/ m+l$ ) e image1 f9ds t x inhabits only h] private body1 to ^: =tunes h]s are altoge!r w$d$1 we beg9 to imag9e t we "k ! cosmos at l>ge bett] ?an ! _s2 = beyond ! n>r[ limits ( our own p]son only ! mat]ial phase ( ?+s is op5 to our obs]vation4 ,to add a m5tal phase to e "p & motion ( ! cosmos is !n se5 to be an audaci\s fancy4 ,x violates all empirical analogy1 = ! ph5om5on :i* feel+ accompanies 9 crude exp]i5ce is n m]e mat]ial exi/5ce1 b reactive organisation & docility4 ,sid5ote3 ,artifices involv$ 9 sep>at+ !m4 ,! limits set to obs]vation1 h[ev]1 r5d] ! m5tal & mat]ial sph]es f> f co9cid5t1 & ev5 9 a r\gh way mutually supplem5t>y1 s t human reflection has fall5 into a habit ( int]l>d+ !m4 ,! _w1 in/ead ( be+ a liv+ body1 a natural sy/em ) moral functions1 has seem$ to be a bisectible hybrid1 half mat]ial & half m5tal1 ! clumsy conjunction ( an automaton ) a gho/4 ,^! phases1 tak5 9 _! ab/raction1 z !y fir/ =c$ !mselves on human att5tion1 h be5 tak5 = indep5d5t & sep>able facts4 ,exp]i5ce1 rema9+ 9 bo? prov9ces q s5su\s & sup]ficial1 has accord+ly be5 all[$ to l9k ?is purely m5tal ev5t ) t purely me*anical "o4 ,! l9kage is practically n deceptive1 because m5tal trans=mations are inde$ signs ( *anges 9 bodies2 & s long z a cause is def9$ m]ely z a sign1 m5tal & physical *anges may truly be said to cause "o ano!r4 ,b s soon z ?is =m ( augury tries to ov]come its crude empiricism & to e/abli% ph5om5al laws1 ! m5tal factor has to fall out ( ! effici5t process & be repres5t$ !re by :at1 ^u accurate exam9ation1 x is se5 to be really ! sign (--,i mean by "s physiological ev5t4 ,if philosoph]s ( ! ,c>tesian s*ool _h tak5 to he>t1 z ! ,g]man transc5d5tali/s did1 ! cogito ergo sum ( _! ma/]1 & _h consid]$ t a physical _w is1 = k1 no?+ b an in/rum5t to expla9 s5sations & _! ord]1 !y might h expect$ ?is collapse ( half _! metaphysics at ! approa* ( _! positive sci5ce3 = if m5tal exi/5ce 0 to be kept /&+ only by its suppos$ causal efficacy no?+ c\ld prev5t ! :ole _w f becom+ pres5tly a bte-ma*9e4 ,psy*ic ev5ts h no l9ks save ?r\gh _! organs & _! objects2 ! function ( ! mat]ial _w is1 inde$1 precisely to supply _! l9kage4 ,! int]nal relations ( ideas1 on ! o!r h&1 are dialectical2 _! realm is et]nal & absolutely irrelevant to ! m>* ( ev5ts4 ,if we mu/ speak1 !re=e1 ( causal relations betwe5 m9d & body1 we %\ld say t matt] is ! p]vasive cause ( m9d's di/ribution1 & m9d ! p]vasive cause ( matt]'s discov]y & value4 ,to ask = an effici5t cause1 to trace back a =ce or inve/igate orig9s1 is to h already turn$ "o's face 9 ! direction ( matt] & me*anical laws3 no success 9 t und]tak+ c fail to be a triumph = mat]ialism4 ,to ask = a ju/ification1 on ! o!r h&1 is to turn no less resolutely 9 ! direction ( ideal results & actualities f :i* in/rum5tality & fur!r use h be5 elim9at$4 ,_s is useless1 be+ ! end ( ?+s3 b x is n va91 s9ce x alone rescues all else f vanity4 ,x is call$ practical :5 x is prophetic ( its own bett] fulfilm5ts1 :i* is ! case :5ev] =ces are be+ turn$ to good uses1 :5ev] an organism is explor+ its relations & putt+ =? new t5tacles ) :i* to grasp ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,consci\sness expresses vital equilibrium & docility4 ,we saw 9 ! beg9n+ t ! exig5ces ( bodily life gave consci\sness its fir/ articulation4 ,a bodily feat1 l nutrition or reproduction1 is celebrat$ by a fe/ival 9 ! m9d1 & consci\sness is a sort ( ritual solemnis+ by pray]1 jubilation1 or m\rn+1 ! *ief episodes 9 ! body's =tunes4 ,! organs1 by _! /ructure1 select ! impressions possible to !m f ! div]s influ5ces abroad 9 ! _w1 all ( :i*1 if animal organisms _h le>n$ to fe$ ^u !m1 might plausibly h (f]$ a basis = s5sation4 ,e in/9ct or habitual impulse fur!r selects f ! pass+ bodily affections ^? t are p]t95t to its own op]ation & :i* consequ5tly adh]e to x & modify its reactive ma*9]y4 ,preval5t & notable s5sations are !re=e signs1 presumably m>k+ ! pres5ce ( objects important = ! body's welf>e or = ! execution ( its pr$e/9$ (fices4 ,s t n only are ! s\l's aims transcripts ( ! body's t5d5cies1 b all ideas are graft$ ^u ! int]play ( ^! t5d5cies ) environ+ =ces4 ,e>ly images hov] ab\t prim>y wants z highe/ conceptions d ab\t ultimate a*ievem5ts4 ,sid5ote3 ,its wor?lessness z a cause & value z an expression ,?\ght is ess5tially practical 9 ! s5se t b = ?\ght no motion w\ld be an action1 no *ange a progress2 b ?\ght is 9 no way in/rum5tal or s]vile2 x is an exp]i5ce realis$1 n a =ce to be us$4 ,t same spontaneity 9 nature :i* has sugge/$ a good mu/ be tru/$ to fulfil x4 ,if we look fairly at ! actual res\rces ( our m9ds we p]ceive t we are z little in=m$ conc]n+ ! means & processes ( action z conc]n+ ! reason :y our motives move u4 ,to execute ! simple/ int5tion we mu/ rely on fate3 our own acts are my/]ies to u4 ,d ,i "k h[ ,i op5 my eyes or h[ ,i walk d[n /airs8 ,is x ! sup]vis+ wisdom ( consci\sness t guides me 9 ^! acts8 ,is x ! m9d t controls ! bewild]$ body & po9ts out ! way to physical habits unc]ta9 ( _! aff9ities8 ,or is x n mu* r automatic inw>d ma*9]y t executes ! m>vell\s "w1 :ile ! m9d cat*es "h & !re "s glimpse ( ! op]ation1 n[ ) delight & adhesion1 n[ ) impot5t rebellion8 ,:5 impulses "w !mselves out unimp$$ we say we act2 :5 !y are ?w>t$ we say we are act$ ^u2 b 9 nei!r case d we 9 ! lea/ und]/& ! natural hi/ory ( :at is occurr+4 ,! m9d at be/ vaguely =eca/s ! result ( action3 a s*ematic v]bal s5se ( ! end to be accompli%$ possibly hov]s 9 consci\sness :ile ! act is be+ p]=m$2 b ?is premonition is itself ! s5se ( a process already pres5t & betrays ! t5d5cy at "w2 x c obvi\sly give no aid or direction to ! unkn[n me*anical process t produc$ x & t mu/ realise its own prophecy1 if t prophecy is to be realis$ at all4 ,t su* an unkn[n me*anism exi/s1 & is adequate to expla9 e s-call$ decision1 is inde$ a hypo!sis f> outrunn+ detail$ v]ification1 al?\gh conceiv$ by legitimate analogy ) :atev] is kn[n ab\t natural processes2 b t ! m9d is n ! s\rce ( itself or its own trans=mations is a matt] ( pres5t exp]i5ce2 = ! _w is an unacc\ntable datum1 9 its exi/5ce1 9 its laws1 & 9 its incid5ts4 ,! highe/ hopes ( sci5ce & morality look only to discov]+ ^? laws & br++ "o set ( incid5ts--facts ( p]ception--into h>mony ) ano!r set--facts ( pref]5ce4 ,?is hop$-= issue1 if x comes1 mu/ come ab\t 9 ! m9d2 b ! m9d _c be its cause s9ce1 by hypo!sis1 x does n possess ! ideas x seeks nor has p[] to realise ! h>monies x desid]ates4 ,^! h to be wait$ = & begg$ ( de/9y2 human w1 n controll+ its basis1 _c possibly control its effects4 ,its exi/5ce & its ef=ts h at be/ ! value ( a good om54 ,!y %[ 9 :at direction natural =ces are mov+ 9 s f> z !y are embodi$ 9 giv5 m54 ,sid5ote3 ,?\ght's m>* automatic & !reby implicat$ 9 ev5ts4 ,m51 l all ?+s else 9 ! _w1 are products & vehicles ( natural en]gy1 & _! op]ation c\nts4 ,b _! consci\s w1 9 its moral ass]tiv5ess1 is m]ely a sign ( t en]gy & ( t w's ev5tual =tunes4 ,dramatic t]ror & dramatic hum\r bo? dep5d on contra/+ ! natural pregnancy ( a passion ) its consci\s int5t4 ,ev]y?+ 9 human life is om9\s1 ev5 ! volunt>y acts4 ,we _c1 by tak+ ?\ght1 add a cubit to our /ature1 b we may build up a _w )\t mean+ x4 ,man is z full ( pot5tiality z he is ( impot5ce4 ,a w t repres5ts _m active =ces1 & is skilful 9 div9ation & augury1 may long boa/ to be almighty )\t be+ contradict$ by ! ev5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,contemplative ess5ce ( action4 ,t ?\ght is n self-directive appe>s be/ 9 ! mo/ immat]ial processes4 ,9 /rife aga9/ ext]nal =ces m51 be+ ignorant ( _! deep] selves1 attribute ! obvi\s effects ( _! action to _! *ance ideas2 b :5 ! process is :olly int]nal ! real factors are m ev5ly repres5t$ 9 consci\sness & ! magical1 involunt>y nature ( life is bett] p]ceiv$4 ,my h&1 guid$ by ,i "k n :at ma*9]y1 is at ?is mom5t add+ syllable to syllable ^u ?is pap]1 to ! g5]al fulfilm5t1 p]haps1 ( my felt int5t1 yet giv+ t int5t an articulation :olly un=ese51 & (t5 disappo9t+4 ,! ?\ghts to be express$ simm] half-consci\sly 9 my bra94 ,i feel _! burd5 & t5d5cy )\t see+ _! =m1 until ! me*anical tra9 ( impulsive association1 />t$ by ! p]usal ( :at prec$es or by ! accid5tal em]g5ce ( "s new idea1 lights ! fuse & precipitates ! phrases4 ,if ?is happ5s 9 ! mo/ reflective & delib]ate ( activities1 l ?is ( composition1 h[ mu* m does x happ5 9 positive action1 8,! die is ca/10 said ,caes>1 feel+ a decision 9 himself ( :i* he c\ld nei!r c\nt nor weigh ! multitud9\s causes2 & s says e /rong & cle> intellect1 e well-=m$ "*1 seiz+ at ! same mom5t ) compreh5sive in/9ct bo? its purposes & ! means by :i* !y %all be atta9$4 ,only ! fool1 ^: w signifies no?+1 boa/s to h creat$ x himself4 ,we mu/ n seek ! function ( ?\ght1 !n1 9 any suppos$ p[] to discov] ei!r ends n sugge/$ by natural impulse or means to ! accompli%m5t ( ^? irrational ends4 ,att5tion is utt]ly p[]less to *ange or create its objects 9 ei!r respect2 x r regi/]s )\t surprise--= x expects no?+ 9 p>ticul>--& wat*es eag]ly ! images bubbl+ up 9 ! liv+ m9d & ! processes evolv+ !re4 ,^! processes are !mselves full ( pot5cy & promise2 w & reflection are no m inconsequ5tial ?an any o!r processes b\nd by natural l9ks to ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,ev5 if an atomic me*anism suffices to m>k ! concat5ation ( ev]y?+ 9 nature1 includ+ ! m9d1 x _c rob :at x ab/racts f ( its natural weight & reality3 a ?read t may suffice to hold ! pe>ls toge!r is n ! :ole cause ( ! necklace4 ,b ?is pregnancy & implication ( ?\ght 9 relation to its natural environm5t is purely empirical4 ,s9ce natural connection is m]ely a pr9ciple ( arrangem5t by :i* ! contiguities ( ?+s may be describ$ & inf]r$1 !re is no difficulty 9 admitt+ consci\sness & all its works into ! web & wo( ( nature4 ,ea* psy*ic episode w\ld be h]ald$ by its mat]ial antec$5ts2 its trans=mations w\ld be subject to me*anical laws1 :i* w\ld also preside ov] ! fur!r transition f ?\ght into its mat]ial expression4 ,sid5ote3 ,me*anical efficacy ali5 to ?\ght's ess5ce4 ,?is inclusion ( m9d 9 nature1 h[ev]1 is z f> z possible f con/itut+ ! m9d's function & value1 or its efficacy 9 a moral & rational s5se4 ,to h prep>$ *anges 9 matt] w\ld give no rationality to m9d unless ^? *anges 9 turn pav$ ! way to "s bett] m5tal exi/5ce4 ,! wor? ( natural efficacy is !re=e always d]ivative2 ! utility ( m9d w\ld be no m preci\s ?an ! utility ( matt]2 bo? borr[ all _! wor? f ! "p !y may play empirically 9 introduc+ ^? moral values :i* are intr9sic & self-suffic+4 ,9 s f> z ?\ght is in/rum5tal x is n wor? hav+1 any m ?an matt]1 except = its promise2 x mu/ t]m9ate 9 some?+ truly pr(itable & ultimate :i*1 be+ good 9 itself1 may l5d value to all t l$ up to x4 ,b ?is ultimate good is itself consci\sness1 ?\ght1 rational activity2 s t :at in/rum5tal m5tality may h prec$$ might be aboli%$ )\t loss1 if matt] suffices to su/a9 reason 9 be+2 or if t in/rum5tal m5tality is wor? reta9+1 x is s only because x already conta9s "s premonition & image ( its own fulfilm5t4 ,9 a ^w1 ! value ( ?\ght is ideal4 ,! mat]ial efficacy :i* may be attribut$ to x is ! prop] efficacy ( matt]--an efficacy :i* matt] w\ld d\btless claim if we knew en\gh ( its secret me*anism4 ,& :5 t imput$ & incongru\s utility 0 subtract$ f ideas !y w\ld appe> 9 _! prop] =m ( expressions1 realisations1 ultimate fruits4 ,sid5ote3 ,consci\sness transc5d5tal4 ,! incongruity ( mak+ ?\ght1 9 its moral & logical ess5ce1 an in/rum5t 9 ! natural _w w appe> f a diff]5t po9t ( view if we %ift ! discussion = a mom5t to a transc5d5tal level4 ,s9ce ! mat]ial _w is an object = ?\ght1 & pot5tial 9 relation to imm$iate exp]i5ce1 x c h>dly lie 9 ! same plane ( reality ) ! ?\ght to :i* x appe>s4 ,! spectator on ?is side ( ! foot-lights1 :ile surely reg>d$ by ! play z a :ole1 _c expect to figure 9 its me*anism or to see himself /rutt+ among ! actors on ! bo>ds4 ,he li/5s & is s]v$1 be+ at once impot5t & supreme4 ,x has be5 well said t ,only ! free div9e ! laws1 ,! causeless only "k ! cause4 ,conv]sely1 :at 9 su* a transc5d5tal s5se is causeless & free w evid5tly n be causal or det]m9ant1 be+ some?+ altoge!r univ]sal & notional1 )\t inh]5t det]m9ations or specific aff9ities4 ,! objects figur+ 9 consci\sness w h implications & w require causes2 n s ! consci\sness itself4 ,! ,ego to :i* all ?+s appe> equally1 :atev] _! =m or hi/ory1 is ! gr\nd ( no?+ incid5tal3 no specific *>act]s or ord] f\nd 9 ! _w c be attribut$ to its efficacy4 ,! m>* ( exp]i5ce is n det]m9$ by ! m]e fact t exp]i5ce exi/s4 ,ano!r exp]i5ce1 diff]5tly logical1 might be equally real4 ,consci\sness is n itself dynamic1 = x has no body1 no idiosyncrasy or p>ticul> locus1 to be ! po9t ( orig9 = def9ite relation%ips4 ,x is m]ely an ab/ract "n = ! actuality ( its r&om objects4 ,all =ce1 implication1 or direction inh]e 9 ! con/itution ( specific objects & live 9 _! int]play4 ,logic is reveal$ to ?\ght no less ?an nature is1 & ev5 :at we call inv5tion or fancy is g5]at$ n by ?\ght itself b by ! *ance f]tility ( nebul\s objects1 float+ & bre$+ 9 ! primeval *aos4 ,:]e ! natural ord] lapses1 if x ev] does1 n m9d or w or reason c possibly int]v5e to fill ! *asm--= ^! are p>cels & expressions ( ! natural ord]--b only no?+ness & pure *ance4 ,sid5ote3 & transc5d5t4 ,?\ght is ?us an expression ( natural relations1 z w is ( natural aff9ities2 yet consci\sness ( an object's value1 :ile x decl>es ! bl9d disposition to pursue t object1 con/itutes its entire wor?4 ,ap>t f ! pa9s & satisfactions involv$1 an impulse & its execution w\ld be alike de/itute ( importance4 ,x w\ld matt] no?+ h[ *aotic or h[ ord]ly ! _w became1 or :at animal bodies arose or p]i%$ !re2 any t5d5cies afoot 9 nature1 :atev] !y might con/ruct or dissolve1 w\ld involve no progress or disa/]1 s9ce no pref]5ces w\ld exi/ to pron\nce "o ev5tual /ate ( ?+s bett] ?an ano!r4 ,^! pref]5ces are 9 !mselves1 if ! dynamic ord] alone be consid]$1 works ( sup]]ogation1 express+ =ce b n produc+ x1 l a /atue ( ,h]cules2 b ! pr9ciple ( su* pref]5ces1 ! =ce !y express & dep5d ^u1 is "s me*anical impulse itself involv$ 9 ! causal process4 ,expression gives value to p[]1 & ! /r5g? ( ,h]cules w\ld h no virtue 9 x _h x contribut$ no?+ to art & civilisation4 ,t conceiv$ basis ( all life :i* we call matt] w\ld be a m]e pot5tiality1 an inf]r$ in/rum5t depriv$ ( its function1 if x did n actually issue 9 life & consci\sness4 ,:at gives ! mat]ial _w a legitimate /atus & p]petual p]t95ce 9 human disc\rse is ! consci\s life x supports & c>ries 9 its own direction1 z a %ip c>ries its pass5g]s or r z a passion c>ries its hopes4 ,consci\s int]e/s fir/ ju/ify & moralise ! me*anisms !y express4 ,ev5tual satisfactions1 :ile _! =m & possibility mu/ be det]m9$ by animal t5d5cies1 alone r5d] ^! t5d5cies vehicles ( ! good4 ,! direction 9 :i* b5efit %all lie mu/ be det]m9$ by irrational impulse1 b ! atta9m5t ( b5efit consi/s 9 cr[n+ t impulse ) its ideal a*ievem5t4 ,nature dictates :at m5 %all seek & prompts !m to seek x2 a possibility ( happ9ess is ?us g5]at$ & only its fulfilm5t w\ld ju/ify nature & man 9 _! common v5ture4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is ! seat ( value4 ,satisfaction is ! t\*/one ( value2 )\t ref]5ce to x all talk ab\t good & evil1 progress or decay1 is m]ely confus$ v]biage1 pure sophi/ry 9 :i* ! juggl] adroitly )draws att5tion f :at works ! wond]--namely1 t human & moral col\r+ to :i* ! t]ms he plays ) owe :atev] efficacy !y h4 ,metaphysicians sometimes s def9e ! good z to make x a matt] ( no importance2 n seldom !y give t "n to ! sum ( all evils4 ,a good1 absolute 9 ! s5se ( be+ divorc$ f all natural dem& & all possible satisfaction1 w\ld be z remote z possible f goodness3 to call x good is m]e disloyalty to morals1 br\ght ab\t by "s fanta/ic or dialectical passion4 ,9 excell5ce !re is an ess5tial bias1 an opposition to ! possible opposite2 ?is bias expresses a me*anical impulse1 a situation t has /irr$ ! s5ses & ! w4 ,impulse makes value possible2 & ! value becomes actual :5 ! impulse issues 9 processes t give x satisfaction & h a consci\s wor?4 ,"* is ! basis ( happ9ess & happ9ess ! sanction ( "*4,d ,t ?\ght is nature's concomitant expression or entele*y1 nev] "o ( h] in/rum5ts1 is a tru? long ago div9$ by ! m judici\s ?9k]s1 l ,ari/otle & ,sp9oza2 b x has n met ) g5]al acceptance or ev5 consid]ation4 ,x is ob/ruct$ by sup]ficial empiricism1 :i* associates ! bett]-kn[n aspects ( ev5ts directly toge!r1 )\t consid]+ :at me*anical bonds may secretly unite !m2 x is ob/ruct$ also by ! traditional my?ical idealism1 int5t z ?is philosophy is on prov+ nature to be ! expression ( some?+ ult]ior & non-natural & on hugg+ ! fatal misconception t ideals & ev5tual goods are creative & miracul\s =ces1 )\t p]ceiv+ t x !reby r5d]s goods & ideals p]fectly s5seless2 = h[ c any?+ be a good at all to :i* "s exi/+ nature is n already direct$8 ,x may !re=e be wor? :ile1 be=e leav+ ?is phase ( ! subject1 to consid] "o or two prejudices :i* might make x s\nd p>adoxical to say1 z we propose1 t ideals are ideal & nature natural4 ,sid5ote3 ,app>5t utility ( pa9 ,sid5ote3 ,its real impot5ce4 ,( all =ms ( consci\sness ! "o app>5tly mo/ useful is pa91 :i* is also ! "o mo/ imm]s$ 9 matt] & mo/ opposite to ideality & excell5ce4 ,its utility lies 9 ! w>n+ x gives3 9 try+ to escape pa9 we escape de/ruction4 ,t we desire to escape pa9 is c]ta92 its v def9ition c h>dly g beyond ! /atem5t t pa9 is t elem5t ( feel+ :i* we seek to aboli% on acc\nt ( its intr9sic quality4 ,t ?is desire1 h[ev]1 %\ld "k h[ to initiate rem$ial action is a notion contr>y to exp]i5ce & 9 itself un?9kable4 ,if pa9 c\ld h cur$ u we %\ld long ago h be5 sav$4 ,! bitt]e/ qu9tess5ce ( pa9 is its helplessness1 & our incapacity to aboli% x4 ,! mo/ intol]able torm5ts are ^? we feel ga9+ ^u u1 int5sify+ & prolong+ !mselves indef9itely4 ,?is baffl+ quality1 s conspicu\s 9 extreme agony1 is pres5t 9 all pa9 & is p]haps its ess5ce4 ,if we s\ght to describe by a circumlocution :at is ( c\rse a prim>y s5sation1 we might sc>cely d bett] ?an to say t pa9 is consci\sness at once int5se & empty1 fix+ att5tion on :at conta9s no "*1 & arre/s all satisfactions )\t (f]+ any?+ 9 ex*ange4 ,! horror ( pa9 lies 9 its intol]able int5sity & its intol]able t$ium4 ,x c accord+ly be cur$ ei!r by sleep or by ent]ta9m5t4 ,9 itself x has no res\rce2 its viol5ce is q helpless & its vacancy (f]s no exp$i5ts by :i* x might be unknott$ & reliev$4 ,pa9 is n only impot5t 9 itself b is a sign ( impot5ce 9 ! suff]]4 ,its appe>ance1 f> f con/itut+ its own rem$y1 is l all o!r organic ph5om5a subject to ! law ( in]tia & t5ds only to its own cont9uance4 ,a man's hatr$ ( 8 own condition no m helps to improve x ?an hatr$ ( o!r p t5ds to improve !m4 ,if we all[$ ourselves to speak 9 su* a case ( efficacy at all1 we %\ld say t pa9 p]petuates & propagates itself 9 v>i\s ways1 n[ by weak5+ ! sy/em1 n[ by prompt+ convulsive ef=ts1 n[ by spread+ to o!r be+s ?r\gh ! contagion ( sympa?y or v5geance4 ,9 fact1 h[ev]1 x m]ely betrays a maladju/m5t :i* has m or less natural /ability4 ,x may be in/antane\s only2 by its lack ( equilibrium x may involve ! imm$iate de/ruction ( "o ( its factors4 ,9 t case we fabul\sly say t ! pa9 has in/9ctively remov$ its own cause4 ,pa9 is "h app>5tly useful because x expresses an incipi5t t5sion :i* ! self-pres]v+ =ces 9 ! organism are suffici5t to remove4 ,pa9's appe>ance is !n ! sign = its in/ant disappe>ance2 n inde$ by virtue ( its inn] nature or ( any art x c initiate1 b m]ely by virtue ( me*anical associations betwe5 its cause & its rem$y4 ,! burn$ *ild dreads ! fire &1 read+ only ! surface ( 8 life1 fancies t ! pa9 once felt & /ill rememb]$ is ! gr\nd ( 8 new prud5ce4 ,puni%m5ts1 h[ev]1 are n always efficaci\s1 z ev]yone kn[s :o has tri$ to gov]n *ildr5 or cities by ! rod2 suff]+ does n br+ wisdom nor ev5 memory1 unless intellig5ce & docility are already !re2 t is1 unless ! friction :i* ! pa9 betray$ suffic$ to oblit]ate p]man5tly "o ( ! impulses 9 conflict4 ,?is readju/m5t1 on :i* real improvem5t hangs & :i* alone makes 8exp]i5ce0 useful1 does n correspond to ! int5sity or repetition ( ! pa9s endur$2 x corresponds r to su* a pla/icity 9 ! organism t ! pa9ful conflict is no long] produc$4 ,sid5ote3 ,pre=mations involv$4 ,?reat5$ de/ruction w\ld n involve pa9 unless t ?reat5$ de/ruction 7 be+ resi/$2 s t ! reaction :i* pa9 is suppos$ to cause mu/ already be tak+ place be=e pa9 c be felt4 ,a w )\t direction _c be ?w>t$2 s t inhibition _c be ! prim>y s\rce ( any ef=t or ( any ideal4 ,det]m9ate impulses mu/ exi/ already = _! inhibition to h tak5 place or = ! pa9 to arise :i* is ! sign ( t inhibition4 ,! *ild's dread ( ! fire m>ks ! accel]ation ( t impulse :i*1 :5 he 0 burn$1 orig9ally enabl$ him to )draw 8 h&2 & if he did n n[ %r9k 9 anticipation he w\ld n rememb] ! pa9 nor "k to :at to atta* 8 t]ror4 ,sight n[ suffices to awak5 ! reaction :i* t\* at fir/ 0 ne$$ to produce2 ! w has ext5d$ its l9e ( battle & ?r[n out its sc\ts f>!r afield2 & pa9 has be5 driv5 back to ! fronti]s ( ! _s4 ,! conflict+ reactions are n[ p]iph]al & feeble2 ! pa9 involv$ 9 av]sion is no?+ to t once involv$ 9 ! burn4 ,_h ?is av]sion to fire be5 innate1 z _m av]sions are1 no pa9 w\ld h be5 caus$1 because no pr(\nd maladju/m5t w\ld h occurr$4 ,! surviv+ attraction1 *eck$ by fe>1 is a remnant ( ! old disorganisation 9 ! bra9 :i* 0 ! seat ( conflict+ reactions4 ,sid5ote3 ,its unt[>d significance4 ,to say t ?is conflict is ! guide to its own issue is to talk )\t ?9k+4 ,! conflict is ! sign ( inadequate organisation1 or ( non-adaptation 9 ! giv5 organism to ! v>i\s /imuli :i* irritate x4 ,! recon/ruction :i* foll[s ?is conflict1 :5 x inde$ foll[s1 is ( c\rse a new & bett] adaptation2 s t :at involves ! pa9 may (t5 be a process ( tra9+ :i* directs reaction into new & smoo!r *annels4 ,b ! pa9 is pres5t :e!r a p]man5t adaptation is be+ atta9$ or n4 ,x is pres5t 9 progressive dissolution & 9 hopeless & exhau/+ /ruggles f> m ?an 9 education or 9 pr(itable correction4 ,too?a*e & sea-sickness1 bir?-pangs & melan*olia are n useful ills4 ,! int5s] ! pa9 ! m probable its uselessness4 ,only 9 vani%+ is x a sign ( progress2 9 occurr+ x is an om5 ( defeat1 j z disease is an om5 ( dea?1 al?\gh1 = ^? diseas$ already1 m$ic9e & convalesc5ce may be approa*es to heal? aga94 ,:]e a man's nature is out ( ge> & 8 in/9cts are inord9ate1 suff]+ may be a sign t a dang]\s peace1 9 :i* impulse 0 c>ry+ him ignorantly into pa?s )\t issue1 is giv+ place to a peace ) security 9 :i* 8 recon/ruct$ "* may respond )\t friction to ! _w1 & enable him to ga!r a cle>] exp]i5ce & enjoy a pur] vitality4 ,! utility ( pa9 is ?us app>5t only1 & due to empirical ha/e 9 collat+ ev5ts t h no regul> nor inw>d relation2 & ev5 ?is imput$ utility pa9 has only 9 proportion to ! wor?lessness ( ^? :o ne$ x4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]fect function no unconsci\s4 ,a second curr5t prejudice :i* may des]ve notice sugge/s t an organ1 :5 its function is p]fect1 becomes unconsci\s1 s t if adaptation 7 complete life w\ld disappe>4 ,! well-le>n$ r\t9e ( any me*anical art passes into habit1 & habit into unconsci\s op]ation4 ,! virtuoso is n aw>e h[ he manipulates 8 in/rum5t2 :at 0 consci\s lab\r 9 ! beg9n+ has become in/9ct & miracle 9 ! end4 ,?us x might appe> t to elim9ate friction & difficulty w\ld be to elim9ate consci\sness1 & !re=e value1 f ! _w4 ,life w\ld ?us be involv$ 9 a contradiction & moral ef=t 9 an absurdity2 = :ile ! con/ant aim ( practice is p]fection & t ( lab\r ease1 & bo? are )\t mean+ or /&>d unless direct$ to ! atta9m5t ( ^! ends1 yet su* atta9m5t1 if x 7 actual1 w\ld be wor?less1 s t :at alone ju/ifies ef=t w\ld lack ju/ification & w\ld 9 fact be incapable ( exi/5ce4 ,! good musician mu/ /rive to play p]fectly1 b1 alas1 we are told1 if he succe$$ he w\ld h become an automaton4 ,! good man mu/ aspire to hol9ess1 b1 alas1 if he rea*$ hol9ess 8 moral life w\ld h evaporat$4 ,^! melodramatic prophecies1 h[ev]1 ne$ n al>m u4 ,!y are f\nd$ on no?+ b rhetoric & small allegiance to any g5u9e good4 ,:5 we atta9 p]fection ( function we lose consci\sness ( ! m$ium1 to become m cle>ly consci\s ( ! result4 ,! eye t does its duty gives no report ( itself & has no s5se ( muscul> t5sion or we>9ess2 b x gives all ! bright] & /eadi] image ( ! object se54 ,consci\sness is n lo/ :5 focuss$1 & ! lab\r ( vision is aboli%$ 9 its fruition4 ,s ! musician1 c\ld he play s div9ely z to be unconsci\s ( 8 body1 8 in/rum5t1 & ! v lapse ( "t1 w\ld be only ! m absorb$ 9 ! h>mony1 m completely ma/] ( its unities & beauty4 ,at su* mom5ts ! body's long lab\r at la/ br+s =? ! s\l4 ,life f its inception is simply "s p>tial natural h>mony rais+ its voice & be>+ witness to its own exi/5ce2 to p]fect t h>mony is to r\nd out & int5sify t life4 ,?is is ! v secret ( p[]1 ( joy1 ( intellig5ce4 ,n to h und]/ood x is to h pass$ ?r\gh life )\t und]/&+ any?+4 ,! analogy ext5ds to morals1 :]e also ! means may be advantage\sly =gott5 :5 ! end has be5 secur$4 ,t leisure to :i* "w is direct$ & t p]fection 9 :i* virtue w\ld be fulfill$ are s f> f be+ apa!tic t !y are /ates ( pure activity1 by conta9+ :i* o!r acts are rescu$ f utt] passivity & unconsci\sness4 ,impure feel+ ranges betwe5 two extremes3 absolute want & complete satisfaction4 ,! =m] limit is rea*$ 9 angui%1 madness1 or ! agony ( dea?1 :5 ! accid5tal flux ( ?+s 9 contradiction has rea*$ its maximum or vani%+ po9t1 s t ! contradiction & ! flux !mselves disappe> by diremption4 ,su* feel+ d5otes inw>d disorganisation & a hopeless conflict ( reflex actions t5d+ t[>d dissolution4 ,! second limit is rea*$ 9 contemplation1 :5 any?+ is lov$1 und]/ood1 or enjoy$4 ,syn!tic p[] is !n at its height2 ! m9d c survey its exp]i5ce & correlate all ! motions x sugge/s4 ,p[] 9 ! m9d is exactly proportionate to repres5tative scope1 & repres5tative scope to rational activity4 ,a /eady vision ( all ?+s 9 _! true ord] & wor? results f p]fection ( function & is its index2 x secures ! greate/ di/9ctness 9 ?\ght toge!r ) ! greate/ decision1 wisdom1 & ease 9 action1 z ! lightn+ is brilliant & quick4 ,x also secures1 s f> z human en]gies avail1 its own p]petuity1 s9ce :at is p]fectly adju/$ )9 & )\t la/s long & goes f>4 ,sid5ote3 ,in*oate e?ics4 ,to confuse means ) ends & mi/ake disord] = vitality is n unnatural to m9ds t he> ! hum ( mighty work+s b c imag9e nei!r ! cause nor ! fruits ( t port5t\s commotion4 ,all functions1 9 su* *aotic lives1 seem in/rum5tal functions4 ,x is !n suppos$ t :at s]ves no fur!r purpose c h no value1 & t he :o suff]s no (fuscation c h no feel+ & no life4 ,to atta9 an ideal seems to de/roy its wor?4 ,moral life1 at t l[ level1 is a fanta/ic game only1 n hav+ come 9 sight ( humane & lib]al int]e/s4 ,! b>b>ian's int5sity is )\t s]i\sness & 8 passion )\t joy4 ,8 philosophy1 :i* means to glorify all exp]i5ce & to dige/ all vice1 is 9 tru? an expression ( pa!tic innoc5ce4 ,x betrays a rudim5t>y impulse to foll[ e beckon+ h&1 to assume t no adv5ture & no bewit*m5t c be any?+ b glori\s4 ,su* an attitude is intelligible 9 "o :o has nev] se5 any?+ wor? see+ nor lov$ any?+ wor? lov+4 ,immaturity c\ld g no f>!r ?an to ackn[l$ge no limits def9+ w & happ9ess4 ,:5 su* limits1 h[ev]1 are gradually discov]$ & an au?oritative ideal is born ( ! m>riage ( human nature ) exp]i5ce1 happ9ess becomes at once def9ite & atta9able2 = adju/m5t is possible to a _w t has a fruitful & intelligible /ructure4 ,su* incoh]5ces1 :i* might well arise 9 ages )\t traditions1 may be pres]v$ & fo/]$ by sup]/ition4 ,p]petual s]vile employm5ts & subjection to an irrational society may r5d] p incapable ev5 ( conceiv+ a lib]al life4 ,!y may come to ?9k _! happ9ess no long] sep>able f _! mis]y & to fe> ! l>ge empt9ess1 z !y deem x1 ( a happy _w4 ,l ! prison] ( ,*illon1 aft] s long a captivity1 !y w\ld rega9 _! fre$om ) a sigh4 ,! :olesome influ5ces ( nature1 h[ev]1 w\ld soon revive _! wills1 contort$ by unnatural oppression1 & a vision ( p]fection w\ld arise )9 !m ^u brea?+ a pur] air4 ,fre$om & p]fection are synonym\s ) life4 ,! peace !y br+ is "o ^: names are also rapture1 p[]1 ,cle> sight1 & love2 = ^! are p>ts ( peace4 ,sid5ote3 ,?\ght ! entele*y ( be+4 ,?\ght belongs to ! sph]e ( ultimate results4 ,:at1 inde$1 c\ld be m fitt+ ?an t consci\sness1 :i* is self-reveal+ & transc5d5tally prim>y1 %\ld be its own excuse = be+ & %\ld conta9 its own total value1 toge!r ) ! total value ( ev]y?+ else8 ,:at c\ld be m prop] ?an t ! :ole wor? ( ideas %\ld be ideal8 ,to make an idea in/rum5tal w\ld be to pro/itute :at1 be+ self-exi/5t1 %\ld be self-ju/ify+4 ,t cont9ual absolut5ess :i* consci\sness possesses1 s9ce 9 x alone all heav5 & e>? are at any mom5t reveal$1 ought to conv9ce any radical & he>t-se>*+ philosoph] t all values %\ld be cont9ually integrat$ & realis$ !re1 :]e all en]gies are be+ mom5tly focuss$4 ,?\ght is a fulfilm5t2 its function is to l5d utility to its causes & to make actual ^? conceiv$ & subt]ranean processes :i* f9d 9 x _! ultimate expression4 ,?\ght is nature repres5t$2 x is pot5tial en]gy produc+ life & becom+ an actual appe>ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,its exub]ance4 ,! conditions ( consci\sness1 h[ev]1 are f> f be+ its only !me4 ,z consci\sness be>s a transc5d5t relation to ! dynamic _w 7= x is actual & spiritual1 :ile ! dynamic is pot5tial & mat]ial7 s x may be exub]ant & irresponsibly ri*4 ,al?\gh its elem5ts1 9 po9t ( di/ribution & d]ivation1 are gr\nd$ 9 matt]1 z music is 9 vibrations1 yet 9 po9t ( "* ! result may be inf9itely r$undant4 ,! complete musician w\ld devote b a small "p ( 8 att5tion to ! basis ( music1 its me*anism1 psy*ology1 or hi/ory4 ,long be=e he _h repres5t$ to 8 m9d ! causes ( 8 art1 he w\ld h proce$$ to practise & enjoy x4 ,s s5se & imag9ation1 passion & reason1 may enri* ! soil t bre$s !m & cov] x ) a maze ( fl[]s4 ,! !me ( consci\sness is accord+ly f> m ?an ! mat]ial _w :i* con/itutes its basis1 ?\gh ?is also is "o ( its !mes2 ?\ght is no less at home 9 v>i\s expressions & embroid]ies ) :i* ! mat]ial _w c be ov]laid 9 imag9ation4 ,! mat]ial _w is conceiv$ by digg+ b5ea? exp]i5ce to f9d its cause2 x is ! efficaci\s /ructure & skeleton ( ?+s4 ,?is is ! subject ( sci5tific retrospect & calculation4 ,! =ces disclos$ by physical /udies are ( c\rse n direct$ to produc+ a m9d t might m]ely describe !m4 ,a =ce is express$ 9 _m o!r ways ?an by be+ def9$2 x may be felt1 resi/$1 embodi$1 trans=m$1 or symbolis$4 ,=ces "w2 !y are n1 l ma!matical concepts1 exhau/$ 9 description4 ,f t matt] :i* might be describable 9 me*anical =mul !re issue not)/&+ all mann] ( =ms & h>monies1 visible1 audible1 imag9able1 & passionately priz$4 ,e phase ( ! ideal _w emanates f ! natural & l\dly proclaims its orig9 by ! int]e/ x takes 9 natural exi/5ces1 ( :i* x gives a rational int]pretation4 ,s5se1 art1 religion1 society1 express nature exub]antly & 9 symbols long be=e sci5ce is add$ to repres5t1 by a diff]5t ab/raction1 ! me*anism :i* nature conta9s4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,d3 ,ari/ippus ask$ ,socrates 8:e!r he knew any?+ good1 s t if he answ]$ by nam+ food or dr9k or money or heal? or /r5g? or val\r or any?+ ( t sort1 he might at once %[ t x 0 sometimes an evil4 ,socrates1 h[ev]1 knew v well t if any?+ tr\bles u :at we dem& is its cure1 & he repli$ 9 ! mo/ p]t95t fa%ion4 #8,are y ask+ me1' he said1 #8if ,i "k any?+ good = a fev]8' #8,oh1 no1' said ! o!r4 #8,or = sore eyes8' #8,n t1 ei!r4' #8,or = hung]8' #8,no1 n = hung]4' #8,well1 !n1' said he1 #8if y ask me :e!r ,i "k a good t is good = no?+1 ,i nei!r "k x nor want to "k x'0--,x5ophon1 ,memorabilia1 iii41 #h4 ,,*apt] ,x--,,! ,,measure ,,( ,,values ,,9 ,,reflection ,sid5ote3 ,hone/y 9 h$onism4 ,to put value 9 pleasure & pa91 reg>d+ a giv5 quantity ( pa9 z balanc+ a giv5 quantity ( pleasure1 is to br+ to practical e?ics a wor?y int5tion to be cle> &1 :at is m preci\s1 an und\bt$ hone/y n always f\nd 9 ^? morali/s :o ma9ta9 ! opposite op9ion & c>e m = edification ?an = tru?4 ,= 9 spite ( all logical & psy*ological scruples1 conduct t %\ld n ju/ify itself someh[ by ! satisfactions secur$ & ! pa9s avoid$ w\ld n ju/ify itself at all4 ,! mo/ in/9ctive & unavoidable desire is =?) *ill$ if y discov] t its ultimate end is to be a prepond]ance ( suff]+2 & :at arre/s ?is desire is n fe> or weakness b consci5ce 9 its mo/ categorical & sacr$ guise4 ,:o w\ld n be a%am$ to ackn[l$ge or to propose s inhuman an action8 ,by sad exp]i5ce root$ impulses may be trans=m$ or ev5 oblit]at$4 ,& q intelligibly3 = ! idea ( pa9 is already ! sign & ! beg9n+ ( a c]ta9 /oppage4 ,to imag9e failure is to int]pret ideally a felt inhibition4 ,to prophesy a *eck w\ld be impossible b = an incipi5t movem5t already meet+ an incipi5t arre/4 ,int5sifi$1 ?is prophecy becomes its own fulfilm5t & totally inhibits ! oppos$ t5d5cy4 ,!re=e a m9d t =esees pa9 to be ! ultimate result ( action _c cont9ue unres]v$ly to act1 see+ t its =esight is ! consci\s transcript ( a recoil already occurr+4 ,conv]sely1 ! m9d t surr5d]s itself :olly to any impulse mu/ ?9k t its execution w\ld be delightful4 ,a p]fectly wise & repres5tative w1 !re=e1 w\ld aim only at :at1 9 its atta9m5t1 c\ld cont9ue to be aim$ at & approv$2 & ?is is ano!r way ( say+ t its aim w\ld secure ! maximum ( satisfaction ev5tually possible4 ,sid5ote3 ,necess>y qualifications4 ,9 spite1 h[ev]1 ( ?is involution ( pa9 & pleasure 9 all delib]ate =eca/ & volition1 pa9 & pleasure are n ! ultimate s\rces ( value4 ,a correct psy*ology & logic _c all[ t an ev5tual &1 9 /rictness1 unpres5table feel+1 c det]m9e any act or volition1 b mu/ insi/ t1 on ! contr>y1 all beliefs ab\t future exp]i5ce1 ) all premonition ( its emotional quality1 is bas$ on actual impulse & feel+2 s t ! s\rce ( value is no?+ b ! inn] f\nta9 ( life & imag9ation1 & ! object ( pursuit no?+ b ! ideal object1 c\nt]p>t ( ! pres5t dem&4 ,ab/ract satisfaction is n pursu$1 b1 if ! w & ! environm5t are con/ant1 satisfaction w necess>ily be felt 9 a*iev+ ! object desir$4 ,a rejection ( h$oni/ic psy*ology1 !re=e1 by no means involves any opposition to eudmonism 9 e?ics4 ,eudmonism is ano!r "n = wisdom3 !re is no o!r moral morality4 ,any sy/em t1 = "s s9i/] reason1 %\ld absolve itself f good-w t[>d all creatures1 & make x someh[ a duty to secure _! mis]y1 w\ld be cle>ly disloyal to reason1 humanity1 & ju/ice4 ,nor w\ld x be h>d1 9 t case1 to po9t out :at sup]/ition1 :at fanta/ic obsession1 or :at private fury1 _h made ^? p]sons bl9d to prud5ce & k9dness 9 s pla9 a matt]4 ,happ9ess is ! only sanction ( life2 :]e happ9ess fails1 exi/5ce rema9s a mad & lam5table exp]im5t4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 :at happ9ess %all consi/ 91 its complexion if x %\ld once arise1 c only be det]m9$ by ref]5ce to natural dem&s & capacities2 s t :ile satisfaction by ! atta9m5t ( ends c alone ju/ify _! pursuit1 ?is pursuit itself mu/ exi/ fir/ & be spontane\s1 !reby fix+ ! goals ( endeav\r & di/+ui%+ ! /ates 9 :i* satisfaction might be f\nd4 ,natural disposition1 !re=e1 is ! pr9ciple ( pref]5ce & makes morality & happ9ess possible4 ,sid5ote3 ,! w mu/ judge4 ,! /&>d ( value1 l e /&>d1 mu/ be "o4 ,pleasures & pa9s are n only inf9itely div]se b1 ev5 if r$uc$ to _! total bulk & ab/ract opposition1 !y rema9 two4 ,_! values mu/ be comp>$1 & obvi\sly nei!r "o c be ! /&>d by :i* to judge ! o!r4 ,?is /&>d is an ideal involv$ 9 ! judgm5t pass$1 :atev] t judgm5t may be4 ,?us :5 ,petr>* says t a ?\s& pleasures are n wor? "o pa91 he e/abli%es an ideal ( value deep] ?an ei!r pleasure or pa91 an ideal :i* makes a life ( satisfaction m>r$ by a s+le pang an (f5ce & a horror to 8 s\l4 ,if our dem& = rationality is less acute & ! miscellane\s affirmations ( ! w c>ry u along ) a well-f$ indiff]5ce to "s s+le trag$y )9 u1 we may av] t a s+le pang is only ! ?\s&? "p ( a ?\s& pleasures & t a life s balanc$ is n9e hundr$ & n9ety-n9e times bett] ?an no?+4 ,?is judgm5t1 = all its air ( ma!matical calculation1 9 tru? expresses a *oice z irrational z ,petr>*'s4 ,x m]ely means t1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! mix$ prospect pres5t$ to u attracts our wills & attracts !m vehem5tly4 ,s t ! only possible crit]ion = ! relative values ( pa9s & pleasures is ! w t *ooses among !m or among comb9ations ( !m2 nor c ! int5sity ( pleasures & pa9s1 ap>t f ! physical viol5ce ( _! expression1 be judg$ by any o!r /&>d ?an by ! p[] !y h1 :5 repres5t$1 to control ! w's movem5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,inju/ice inh]5t 9 repres5tation ,"h we come ^u "o ( ^? initial irrationalities 9 ! _w !ories ( all sorts1 s9ce !y are attempts to f9d rationality 9 ?+s1 are 9 s]i\s dang] ( ov]look+4 ,9 e/imat+ ! value ( any exp]i5ce1 our endeav\r1 our pret5sion1 is to weigh ! value :i* t exp]i5ce possesses :5 x is actual4 ,b to weigh is to comp>e1 & to comp>e is to repres5t1 s9ce ! transc5d5tal isolation & self-suffici5cy ( actual exp]i5ce precludes its ly+ side by side ) ano!r datum1 l two objects giv5 9 a s+le consci\sness4 ,successive values1 to be comp>$1 mu/ be repres5t$2 b ! conditions ( repres5tation are su* t !y rob objects ( ! values !y _h at _! fir/ appe>ance to sub/itute ! values !y possess at _! recurr5ce4 ,= repres5tation mirrors consci\sness only by mirror+ its objects1 & ! emotional reaction ^u ^? objects _c be repres5t$ directly1 b is approa*$ by indirect me?ods1 ?r\gh an imitation or assimilation ( w to w & emotion to emotion4 ,only by ! in/rum5tality ( signs1 l ge/ure or language1 c we br+ ourselves to reproduce 9 "s measure an abs5t exp]i5ce & to feel "s premonition ( its absolute value4 ,ap>t f v elaborate & cumulative sugge/ions to ! contr>y1 we %\ld always attribute to an ev5t 9 e o!r exp]i5ce ! value :i* its image n[ _h 9 our own4 ,b 9 t case ! pa!tic fallacy w\ld be pres5t2 = a volitional reaction ^u an idea 9 "o vital context is no index to :at ! volitional reaction w\ld be 9 ano!r vital context ^u ! situation :i* t idea repres5ts4 ,sid5ote3 /hetic & speculative cruelty4 ,?is div]g5ce falsifies all repres5tation ( life & r5d]s x initially cruel1 s5tim5tal1 & my?ical4 ,we dislike to trample on a fl[]1 because its =m makes a k9d ( blossom+ 9 our own fancy :i* we call beauty2 b we laugh at pangs we endur$ 9 *ildhood & feel no tremor at ! incalculable suff]+s ( all mank9d beyond our horizon1 because no imitable image is involv$ to />t a contrite ?rill 9 our own bosom4 ,! same cruelty appe>s 9 /hetic pleasures1 9 lu/1 w>1 & ambition2 9 ! illusions ( desire & memory2 9 ! unsympa!tic quality ( !ory ev]y:]e1 :i* reg>ds ! uni=mities ( cause & effect & ! beauties ( law z a ju/ification = ! inh]5t evils 9 ! exp]i5ce describ$2 9 ! unju/ judgm5ts1 f9ally1 ( my/ical optimism1 t s9ks s completely into its subjective commotion z to mi/ake ! susp5sion ( all discrim9at+ & repres5tative faculties = a true union 9 ?+s1 & ! blur ( its own ec/asy = a univ]sal glory4 ,^! pleasures are all on ! s5su\s plane1 ! plane ( levity & un9t5tional wick$ness2 b 9 _! own sph]e !y h _! own value4 /hetic & speculative emotions make an important contribution to ! total wor? ( exi/5ce1 b !y d n aboli% ! evils ( t exp]i5ce on :i* !y reflect ) su* ru?less satisfaction4 ,! satisfaction is due to a private flood ( emotion subm]g+ ! images pres5t 9 fancy1 or to ! ex]cise ( a new intellectual function1 l t ( ab/raction1 syn!sis1 or comp>ison4 ,su* a faculty1 :5 fully develop$1 is capable ( yield+ pleasures z int5se & volum9\s z ^? prop] to rudim5t>y animal functions1 wrongly suppos$ to be m vital4 ,! acme ( vitality lies 9 tru? 9 ! mo/ compreh5sive & p5etrat+ ?\ght4 ,! rhy?ms1 ! sweep1 ! impetuosity ( impassion$ contemplation n only conta9 9 !mselves a great vitality & pot5cy1 b !y (t5 succe$ 9 engag+ ! l[] functions 9 a sympa!tic vibration1 & we see ! :ole body & s\l rapt1 z we say1 & borne along by ! h>monies ( imag9ation & ?\ght4 ,9 ^! fugitive mom5ts ( intoxication ! detail ( tru? is subm]g$ & =gott54 ,! emotions :i* w\ld be sugge/$ by ! p>ts are replac$ by ! rapid emotion ( transition betwe5 !m2 & ?is exhil>ation 9 survey1 ?is m\nta9-top exp]i5ce1 is suppos$ to be also ! true/ vision ( reality4 ,absorption 9 a sup]v5+ function is mi/ak5 = compreh5sion ( all fact1 & ?is inevitably1 s9ce all consci\sness ( p>ticul> facts & ( _! values is !n subm]g$ 9 ! torr5t ( c]ebral excitem5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,imput$ values3 _! incon/ancy4 ,t lum9\s bl9dness :i* 9 ^! cases takes an extreme =m is pres5t 9 pr9ciple ?r\gh\t all reflection4 ,we t5d to reg>d our own pa/ z good only :5 we /ill f9d "s value 9 ! memory ( x4 ,la/ ye>1 la/ week1 ev5 ! feel+s ( ! la/ five m9utes1 are n o!rwise priz$ ?an by ! pleasure we may /ill h 9 recall+ !m2 ! pulsations ( pleasure or pa9 :i* !y conta9$ we d n ev5 seek to rememb] or to discrim9ate4 ,! p]iod is call$ happy or unhappy m]ely z its ideal repres5tation ex]cises fasc9ation or repulsion ov] ! pres5t w4 ,h5ce ! revulsion aft] physical indulg5ce1 (t5 mo/ viol5t :5 ! pleasure--judg$ by its concomitant expression & by ! desire t h]ald$ x--0 mo/ int5se4 ,= ! /ronge/ passions are int]mitt5t1 s t ! unspeakable *>m :i* _! objects possess = a mom5t is lo/ imm$iately & becomes un9telligible to a *ill$ & *eat$ reflection4 ,! situation1 :5 yet unrealis$1 irresi/ibly solicit$ ! w & seem$ to promise incomp>able ec/asy2 & p]haps x yields an indescribable mom5t ( excitem5t & triumph--a mom5t only half-appropriat$ into wak+ exp]i5ce1 s fleet+ is x1 & s unfit ! m9d to possess or reta9 its t5s] attitudes4 ,! same situation1 if reviv$ 9 memory :5 ! sy/em is 9 an opposite & relax$ /ate1 =feits all p[] to attract & fills ! m9d r ) av]sion & disgu/4 ,= all viol5t pleasures1 z ,%akespe>e says1 are cruel & n to be tru/$4 ,a bliss 9 pro( &1 prov$1 a v woe3 ,be=e1 a joy propos$2 beh9d1 a dream 444 ,enjoy$ no soon] b despis$ /raight2 ,pa/ reason hunt$ &1 no soon] _h1 ,pa/ reason hat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,me?ods ( control4 ,pa/ reason1 inde$4 ,= al?\gh an impulsive inju/ice is inh]5t 9 ! v nature ( repres5tation & _c be ov]come altoge!r1 yet reason1 by att5d+ to all ! evid5ces t c be ga!r$ & by confront+ ! fir/ pron\ncem5t by o!rs fet*$ f e qu>t] ( exp]i5ce1 has p[] to m9imise ! error & rea* a practically j e/imate ( abs5t values4 ,?is a*iev$ rightness c be te/$ by comp>+ two exp]i5ces1 ea* :5 x is pres5t1 ) ! same conv5tional p]man5t object *os5 to be _! expression4 ,a love-song1 = in/ance1 c be pron\nc$ adequate or false by v>i\s lov]s2 & x c ?us rema9 a sort ( index to ! fleet+ s5tim5ts once confront$ ) x4 ,reason has1 to be sure1 no indep5d5t me?od ( discov]+ values4 ,!y mu/ be rat$ z ! s5sitive balance ( pres5t incl9ation1 :5 completely lad51 %[s !m to /&4 ,9 e/imat+ values reason is r$uc$ to data furni%$ by ! me*anical processes ( ideation & in/9ct1 z 9 fram+ all k2 an abs5t joy c only be repres5t$ by a t+e ( emotion dye+ an image t pictures ! situation 9 :i* ! joy 0 felt2 b ! sugge/$ value be+ once project$ into ! pot5tial _w1 t l& ( inf]r$ be+1 ?is projection may be controll$ & corroborat$ by o!r sugge/ions & associations relevant to x1 :i* x is ! function ( reason to collect & comp>e4 ,a "r e/imate ( abs5t values mu/ be conv5tional & m$iat$ by signs4 ,direct sympa?ies1 :i* suffice = in/9ctive pres5t co-op]ation1 fail to transmit ali5 or opposite pleasures4 ,!y ov]-emphasise mom5t>y relations1 :ile !y necess>ily ignore p]man5t bonds4 ,!re=e ! same intellect t puts a me*anical reality beh9d p]ception mu/ put a moral reality beh9d sympa?y4 ,sid5ote3 ,example ( fame4 ,fame1 = example1 is a good2 its value arises f a c]ta9 movem5t ( w & emotion :i* is elicit$ by ! ?\ght t "o's "n might be associat$ ) great de$s & ) ! memory ( !m4 ,! gl[ ( ?is ?\ght ba!s ! object x describes1 s t fame is felt to h a value q di/9ct f t :i* ! expectation ( fame may h 9 ! pres5t mom5t4 ,%\ld ?is expectation be fooli% & de/9$ to prove false1 x w\ld h no value1 & be inde$ ! m ludicr\s & repulsive ! m pleasure its dupe took 9 x1 & ! long] 8 illusion la/$4 ,! he>t is resolutely set on its object & despises its own ph5om5a1 n reflect+ t its emotions h fir/ reveal$ t object's wor? & alone c ma9ta9 x4 ,= if a man c>es no?+ = fame1 :at value has x8 ,?is projection ( int]e/ into excell5ce takes place me*anically & is 9 ! fir/ in/ance irrational4 ,did all gl[ die out f memory & expectation1 ! ev5ts repres5t$ rema9+ un*ang$1 we %\ld be incapable ( assign+ any value to ^? ev5ts1 j z1 if eyes 7 lack+1 we %\ld be incapable ( assign+ col\r to ! _w1 :i* w\ld1 not)/&+1 rema9 z x is at pres5t4 ,s fame c\ld nev] be reg>d$ z a good if ! idea ( fame gave no pleasure2 yet n[1 because ! idea pleases1 ! reality is reg>d$ z a good1 absolute & intr9sic4 ,?is moral hypo/asis involv$ 9 ! love ( fame c\ld nev] be rationalis$1 b w\ld subsi/ unmitigat$ or die out unobs]v$1 7 x n associat$ ) o!r conceptions & o!r habits ( e/imat+ values4 ,= ! passions are humanis$ only by be+ juxtapos$ & =c$ to live toge!r4 ,z fame is n man's only goal & ! realisation ( x comes into manifold relations ) o!r int]e/s no less vivid1 we are able to criticise ! impulse to pursue x4 ,fame may be ! consequ5ce ( b5efits conf]r$ ^u mank9d4 ,9 t case ! ab/ract desire = fame w\ld be re9=c$ &1 z x 71 ju/ifi$ by its congruity ) ! m volum9\s & /able desire to b5efit our fell[-m54 ,or1 aga91 ! a*ievem5ts :i* insure fame & ! g5ius t w9s x probably involve a high degree ( vitality & _m pr(\nd inw>d satisfactions to ! man ( g5ius himself2 s t aga9 ! ab/ract love ( fame w\ld be re9=c$ by ! indep5d5t & m rational desire = a noble & compreh5sive exp]i5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! m9ds ( po/]ity1 ^: homage is crav$ by ! ambiti\s man1 w probably h v false conceptions ( 8 ?\ghts & purposes4 ,:at !y w call by 8 "n w be1 9 a great measure1 a fiction ( _! own fancy & n 8 portrait at all4 ,w\ld ,caes> recognise himself 9 ! curr5t notions ( him1 drawn f "s s*ool-hi/ory1 or p]haps f ,%akespe>e's satirical portrait8 ,w\ld ,*ri/ recognise himself ^u our alt>s1 or 9 ! romances ab\t him con/ruct$ by imag9ative critics8 ,& n only is remote exp]i5ce ?us hopelessly lo/ & misrepres5t$1 b ev5 ?is nom9al memorial ultimately disappe>s4 ,! love ( fame1 if temp]$ by ^! & simil> consid]ations1 w\ld t5d to take a place 9 man's ideal su* z its roots 9 human nature & its functions 9 human progress might seem to ju/ify4 ,x w\ld be rationalis$ 9 ! only s5se 9 :i* any prim>y desire c be rationalis$1 namely1 by be+ comb9$ ) all o!rs 9 a consi/5t :ole4 ,h[ mu* ( x w\ld survive a ?or\gh sift+ & criticism1 may well rema9 9 d\bt4 ,! result w\ld naturally diff] = diff]5t temp]am5ts & 9 diff]5t /ates ( society4 ,! wise/ m51 p]haps1 :ile !y w\ld cont9ue to feel "s love ( hon\r & "s int]e/ 9 _! image 9 o!r m9ds1 w\ld yet wi% t po/]ity might praise !m z ,sallu/ praises ,cato by say+3 ,esse quam vid]i bonus maluit2 he pref]r$ wor? to reputation4 ,sid5ote3 ,disproportionate int]e/ 9 ! /hetic4 ,! fact t value is attribut$ to abs5t exp]i5ce accord+ to ! value exp]i5ce has 9 repres5tation appe>s aga9 9 "o ( ! mo/ curi\s anomalies 9 human life--! exorbitant int]e/ :i* ?\ght & reflection take 9 ! =m ( exp]i5ce & ! slight acc\nt !y make ( its int5sity or volume4 ,sea-sickness & *ild-bir? :5 !y are ov]1 ! pangs ( despis$ love :5 t love is f9ally =gott5 or requit$1 ! travail ( s9 :5 once salvation is assur$1 all melt away & dissolve l a morn+ mi/ leav+ a cle> sky )\t a ve/ige ( sorr[4 ,s also ) m]ely rememb]$ & n reproducible pleasures2 ! buoyancy ( y\?1 :5 absurdity is n yet t$i\s1 ! rapture ( sport or passion1 ! imm5se peace f\nd 9 a my/ical surr5d] to ! univ]sal1 all ^! g5]\s ard\rs c\nt = no?+ :5 !y are once gone4 ,! memory ( !m _c cure a fit ( ! blues nor raise an irritable mortal above "s petty act ( malice or v5geance1 or reconcile him to f\l wea!r4 ,an ode ( ,horace1 on ! o!r h&1 a sci5tific monograph1 or a well-writt5 page ( music is a bett] antidote to melan*oly ?an ?9k+ on all ! happ9ess :i* "o's own life or t ( ! univ]se may ev] h conta9$4 ,:y %\ld ov]:elm+ masses ( suff]+ & joy affect imag9ation s little :ile x responds sympa!tically to /hetic & intellectual irritants ( v slight int5sity1 objects t1 x mu/ be confess$1 are ( almo/ no importance to ! welf>e ( mank9d8 ,:y %\ld we be s easily aw$ by arti/ic g5ius & exalt m5 ^: works we "k only by "n1 p]haps1 & ^: influ5ce ^u society has be5 inf9itesimal1 l a ,p9d> or a ,leon>do1 :ile we reg>d great m]*ants & inv5tors z ignoble creatures 9 comp>ison8 ,:y %\ld we smile at ! inscription 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey :i* calls ! inv5tor ( ! sp9n+-j5ny "o ( ! true b5efactors ( mank9d8 ,is x n probable1 on ! :ole1 t he has _h a great] & less equivocal influ5ce on human happ9ess ?an ,%akespe>e ) all 8 plays & sonnets8 ,b ! *eapness ( cotton clo? produces no p>ticul>ly delightful image 9 ! fancy to be comp>$ ) ,hamlet or ,imog54 ,!re is a prodigi\s selfi%ness 9 dreams3 !y live p]fectly deaf & invuln]able amid ! cries ( ! real _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,irrational religi\s allegiance4 ,! same /hetic bias appe>s 9 ! moral sph]e4 ,utilit>ians h attempt$ to %[ t ! human consci5ce comm5ds precisely ^? actions :i* t5d to secure g5]al happ9ess & t ! notions ( ju/ice & virtue prevail+ 9 any age v>y ) its social economy & ! prizes x is able to atta94 ,&1 if due all[ance is made = ! complexity ( ! subject1 we may reasonably admit t ! precepts ( obligatory morality be> ?is relation to ! g5]al welf>e2 ?us virtue means c\rage 9 a soldi]1 probity 9 a m]*ant1 & *a/ity 9 a woman4 ,b if we turn f ! morality requir$ ( all to ! type reg>d$ z p]fect & ideal1 we f9d no su* correspond5ce to ! b5efits involv$4 ,! selfi% imag9ation int]v5es "h & attributes an absolute & irrational value to ^? figures t ent]ta9 x ) ! mo/ absorb+ & dreamful emotions4 ,! "* ( ,*ri/1 = in/ance1 :i* ev5 ! lea/ or?odox among u are 9 ! habit ( hold+ up z a p]fect model1 is n ! "* ( a b5efactor b ( a m>tyr1 a _s f a high] _w lac]at$ 9 its passage ?r\gh ?is uncompreh5d+ & p]v]se exi/5ce1 heal+ & =giv+ out ( %e] compassion1 su/a9$ by 8 inn] aff9ities to ! sup]natural1 & absolutely dis5*ant$ ) all e>?ly or political goods4 ,*ri/ did n suff]1 l ,prome!us1 = hav+ be/[$ or wi%$ to be/[ any e>?ly bless+3 ! only bless+ he bequea!d 0 ! image ( himself ^u ! cross1 :]eby m5 might be com=t$ 9 _! own sorr[s1 rebuk$ 9 _! worldl9ess1 driv5 to put _! tru/ 9 ! sup]natural1 & unit$1 by _! common indiff]5ce to ! _w1 9 "o my/ic bro!rhood4 ,z m5 le>n$ ^! lessons1 or 7 inw>dly ready to le>n !m1 !y recognis$ m & m cle>ly 9 ,jesus _! heav5-s5t r$eem]1 & 9 foll[+ _! own consci5ce & desp]ate idealism into ! des]t or ! cloi/]1 9 ignor+ all civic virtues & all[+ ! weal?1 art1 & k ( ! pagan _w to decay1 !y began :at !y felt to be an imitation ( ,*ri/4 ,all natural impulses1 all natural ideals1 subsi/$ ( c\rse b5ea? ?is !oretic asceticism1 wri!d "u its une>?ly control1 & broke out 9 frequ5t viol5t irruptions aga9/ x 9 ! life ( ea* man z well z 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory4 ,yet ! image ( ,*ri/ rema9$ 9 m5's he>ts & reta9$ its m>vell\s au?ority1 s t ev5 n[1 :5 s _m :o call !mselves ,*ri/ians1 be+ pure *ildr5 ( nature1 are )\t ! lea/ und]/&+ ( :at ,*ri/ianity came to d 9 ! _w1 !y /ill (f] 8 p]son & words a s9c]e if in>ticulate wor%ip1 try+ to trans=m t sacrificial & crucifi$ _s1 z mu* z _! bungl+ fancy c1 into a patron ( ,phili/ia ,felix4 ,:y ?is p]si/5t adoration ( a "* t is ! extreme negation ( all t ^! good s\ls inw>dly value & outw>dly pursue8 ,because ! image ( ,*ri/ & ! associations ( 8 religion1 ap>t f _! orig9al import1 rema9 root$ 9 ! m9d3 !y rema9 ! focus = su* wayw>d emotions & my/ic intuitions z _! magnetism c /ill attract1 & ! value :i* ?is hall[$ comp\nd possesses 9 repres5tation is transf]r$ to its nom9al object1 & ,*ri/ is ! conv5tional "n = all ! impulses ( religion1 no matt] h[ opposite to ! ,*ri/ian4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa!tic idealizations4 ,symbols1 :5 _! significance has be5 great1 outlive _! fir/ significance4 ,! image ( ,*ri/ 0 a la/ refuge to ! _w2 x 0 a consolation & a new gr\nd = hope1 f :i* no mis=tune c\ld drive ! wor%ipp]4 ,its value z an idea 0 !re=e imm5se1 z to ! lov] ! idea ( 8 unta/$ joys1 or to ! dy+ man ! idea ( heal? & invigorat+ sun%9e4 ,! vot>y c no m ask himself :e!r 8 deity1 9 its total op]ation1 has really bless$ him & des]v$ 8 praise ?an ! lov] c ask if 8 lady is wor? pursu+ or ! expir+ cripple :e!r x w\ld be1 9 v tru?1 a b5efit to be once m "y & :ole4 ,t life is wor? liv+ is ! mo/ necess>y ( assumptions &1 7 x n assum$1 ! mo/ impossible ( conclusions4 ,exp]i5ce1 by its passive weight ( joy & sorr[1 c nei!r inspire nor prev5t en?usiasm2 only a pres5t ideal w avail to move ! w &1 if realis$1 to ju/ify x4 ,a sa9t's halo is an optical illusion2 x glorifies 8 actions :atev] _! ev5tual influ5ce 9 ! _w1 because !y seem to h1 :5 rehe>s$ dramatically1 "s t5d]ness or rapture or miracle ab\t !m4 ,?us x appe>s t ! great figures ( art or religion1 toge!r ) all hi/oric & imag9ative ideals1 advance ins5sibly on ! values !y repres5t4 ,! image has m lu/re ?an ! orig9al1 & is (t5 ! m important & influ5tial fact4 ,?+s are e/eem$ z !y weigh 9 repres5tation4 ,a memorable ?+1 p say 9 _! eulogies1 little ?9k+ to t\* ! gr\nd ( _! praise4 ,= ?+s are call$ great because !y are memorable1 !y are n rememb]$ because !y 7 great4 ,! deepe/ pangs1 ! highe/ joys1 ! wide/ influ5ces are lo/ to app]ception 9 its ha/e1 & if 9 "s rational mom5t recon/ruct$ & ackn[l$g$1 are soon =gott5 aga9 & cut (f f liv+ consid]ation4 ,b ! emptie/ exp]i5ce1 ev5 ! mo/ p]nici\s t5d5cy1 if embodi$ 9 a picturesque image1 if rev]b]at+ 9 ! m9d ) a pleasant e*o1 is idolis$ & en%r9$4 ,=tunate inde$ 0 ,a*illes t ,hom] sang ( him1 & =tunate ! poets t make a public titillation out ( _! sorr[s & ignorance4 ,?is imput$ & po/hum\s =tune is ! only happ9ess !y h4 ,! fav\rs ( memory are ext5d$ to ^? feeble realities & d5i$ to ! massive sub/ance ( daily exp]i5ce4 ,:5 life dies1 :5 :at 0 pres5t becomes a memory1 its gho/ flits /ill among ! liv+1 fe>$ or wor%ipp$ n = ! exp]i5ce x once possess$ b = ! aspect x n[ we>s4 ,yet ?is inju/ice 9 repres5tation1 speculatively s (f5sive1 is practically excusable2 = x is 9 "o s5se "r & useful t all ?+s1 :atev] _! orig9al or inh]5t dignity1 %\ld be valu$ at ea* mom5t only by _! pres5t function & utility4 ,sid5ote3 ,inevitable impulsiv5ess 9 prophecy4 ,sid5ote3 ,! te/ a controll$ pres5t ideal4 ,! error involv$ 9 attribut+ value to ! pa/ is naturally aggravat$ :5 values are to be assign$ to ! future4 ,9 ! latt] case imag9ation _c be controll$ by circum/antial evid5ce1 & is consequ5tly ! only basis = judgm5t4 ,b z ! conception ( a ?+ naturally evokes an emotion diff]5t f t involv$ 9 its pres5ce1 ideals ( :at is desirable = ! future conta9 no w>rant t ! exp]i5ce desir$ w\ld1 :5 actual1 prove to be acceptable & good4 ,an ideal c>ries no extr9sic assurance t its realisation w\ld be a b5efit4 ,to conv9ce ourselves t an ideal has rational au?ority & repres5ts a bett] exp]i5ce ?an ! actual condition x is contra/$ )1 we mu/ control ! prophetic image by z _m circumlocutions z possible4 ,z 9 ! case ( fame1 we mu/ buttress or modify our spontane\s judgm5t ) all ! o!r judgm5ts t ! object envisag$ c prompt3 we mu/ make our ideal h>monise ) all exp]i5ce r ?an ) a "p only4 ,! possible error rema9s ev5 !n2 b a practical m9d w always accept ! risk ( error :5 x has made e possible correction4 ,a rational w is n a w t has reason = its basis or t possesses any o!r pro( t its realisation w\ld be possible or good ?an ! oracle :i* a liv+ w inspires & pron\nces4 ,! rationality possible to ! w lies n 9 its s\rce b 9 its me?od4 ,an ideal _c wait = its realisation to prove its validity4 ,to des]ve adhesion x ne$s only to be adequate z an ideal1 t is1 to express completely :at ! s\l at pres5t dem&s1 & to d ju/ice to all extant int]e/s4 ,,*apt] ,,xi--,,"s ,,ab/ract ,,conditions ,,( ,,! ,,ideal ,sid5ote3 ,! ultimate end a resultant4 ,reason's function is to embody ! good1 b ! te/ ( excell5ce is itself ideal2 !re=e be=e we c assure ourselves t reason has be5 manife/$ 9 any giv5 case we mu/ make out ! reasonabl5ess ( ! ideal t inspires u4 ,& 9 g5]al1 be=e we c conv9ce ourselves t a ,life ( ,reason1 or practice guid$ by sci5ce & direct$ t[>d spiritual goods1 is at all wor? hav+1 we mu/ make out ! possibility & "* ( its ultimate end4 ,yet ea* ideal is its own ju/ification2 s t ! only s5se 9 :i* an ultimate end c be e/abli%$ & become a te/ ( g5]al progress is ?is3 t a h>mony & co-op]ation ( impulses %\ld be conceiv$1 lead+ to ! maximum satisfaction possible 9 ! :ole community ( spirits affect$ by our action4 ,n[1 )\t consid]+ = ! pres5t any concrete ,utopia1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ,plato's ,republic or ! heav5ly beatitude describ$ by !ologians1 we may inquire :at =mal qualities are impos$ on ! ideal by its nature & function & by ! relation x be>s to exp]i5ce & to desire4 ,sid5ote3 ,dem&s ! sub/ance ( ideals4 ,! ideal has ! same relation to giv5 dem&s t ! reality has to giv5 p]ceptions4 ,9 ! face ( ! ideal1 p>ticul> dem&s =feit _! au?ority & ! goods to :i* a p>ticul> be+ may aspire cease to be absolute2 nay1 ! satisfaction ( desire comes to appe> an indiff]5t or unholy ?+ :5 comp>$ or oppos$ to ! ideal to be realis$4 ,s1 precisely1 9 p]ception1 fly+ impressions come to be reg>d$ z illusory :5 contra/$ ) a /able conception ( reality4 ,yet ( c\rse fly+ impressions are ! only mat]ial out ( :i* t conception c be =m$4 ,life itself is a fly+ impression1 & _h we no p]sonal & in/ant exp]i5ce1 importun+ u at ea* successive mom5t1 we %\ld h no occasion to ask = a reality at all1 & no mat]ials out ( :i* to con/ruct s gratuit\s an idea4 ,9 ! same way pres5t dem&s are ! only mat]ials & occasions = any ideal3 )\t dem&s ! ideal w\ld h no locus /&i or foo?old 9 ! _w1 no p[]1 no *>m1 & no pr]ogative4 ,if ! ideal c confront p>ticul> desires & put !m to %ame1 t happ5s only because ! ideal is ! object ( a m pr(\nd & volum9\s desire & embodies ! good :i* !y bl9dly & p]haps devi\sly pursue4 ,dem&s c\ld n be misdirect$1 goods s\ght c\ld n be false1 if ! /&>d by :i* !y are to be correct$ 7 n con/ruct$ out ( !m4 ,o!rwise ea* dem& w\ld r5d] its object a deta*$1 absolute1 & unimpea*able good4 ,b :5 ea* desire 9 turn has s+$ its w+s & retir$ be=e "s disillusion1 reflection may set 9 to sugge/ residual satisfactions t may /ill be possible1 or "s %ift+ ( ! gr\nd by :i* mu* ( :at 0 hop$ = may yet be atta9$4 ,sid5ote3 ,discipl9e ( ! w4 ,sid5ote3 ,dem&s made practical & consi/5t4 ,! =ce = ?is new trial is b ! old impulse r5ew$2 ?is new hope is a ju/ifi$ remnant ( ! old optimism4 ,ea* passion1 9 ?is second campaign1 takes ! field consci\s t x has indomitable enemies & ready to sign a reasonable peace1 & ev5 to capitulate be=e sup]ior =ces4 ,su* tam5ess may be at fir/ m]ely a consequ5ce ( exhau/ion & prud5ce2 b a mortal w1 ?\gh absolute 9 its deliv]ances1 is v f> f con/ant1 & its sacrifices soon con/itute a habit1 its exile a new home4 ,! old ambition1 n[ prov$ to be unrealisable1 beg9s to seem caprici\s & extravagant2 ! circle ( possible satisfactions becomes ! field ( conv5tional happ9ess4 ,exp]i5ce1 :i* br+s ab\t ?is humbl] & m prosaic /ate ( m9d1 has its own imag9ative fruits4 ,among ^? =ces :i* compell$ ea* p>ticul> impulse to abate its pret5sions1 ! mo/ conspicu\s 7 o!r impulses1 o!r int]e/s active 9 oneself & 9 "o's neighb\rs4 ,:5 ! p[] ( ^! ali5 dem&s is recognis$ !y beg91 9 a physical way1 to be respect$2 :5 an adju/m5t to !m is s\ght !y beg9 to be und]/ood1 = x is only by /udy+ _! expression & t5d5cy t ! degree ( _! ho/ility c be measur$4 ,b to und]/& is m ?an to =give1 x is to adopt2 & ! passion t ?\ght m]ely to )draw into a sull5 & maim$ self-indulg5ce c feel itself exp&$ by sympa?ies :i* 9 its primal vehem5ce x w\ld h exclud$ altoge!r4 ,exp]i5ce1 9 br++ humility1 br+s intellig5ce also4 ,p]sonal int]e/s beg9 to seem relative1 factors only 9 a g5]al volum9\s welf>e express$ 9 _m common in/itutions & arts1 m\lds = :atev] is communicable or rational 9 e passion4 ,ea* orig9al impulse1 :5 trimm$ d[n m or less accord+ to its degree ( savag5ess1 c !n inhabit ! /ate1 & e good1 :5 suffici5tly transfigur$1 c be f\nd aga9 9 ! g5]al ideal4 ,! factors may inde$ (t5 be unrecognisable 9 ! result1 s mu* does ! process ( dome/ication trans=m !m2 b ! int]e/s t animat$ !m survive ?is discipl9e & ! new purpose is really e/eem$2 else ! ideal w\ld h no moral =ce4 ,an ideal repres5t+ no liv+ int]e/ w\ld be irrelevant to practice1 j z a conception ( reality w\ld be irrelevant to p]ception :i* %\ld n be compos$ ( ! mat]ials t s5se supplies1 or %\ld n re-embody actual s5sations 9 an intelligible sy/em4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ideal natural4 ,"h we h1 !n1 "o condition :i* ! ideal mu/ fulfil3 x mu/ be a resultant or syn!sis ( impulses already afoot4 ,an ideal out ( relation to ! actual dem&s ( liv+ be+s is s f> f be+ an ideal t x is n ev5 a good4 ,! pursuit ( x w\ld be n ! acme b ! atrophy ( moral endeav\r4 ,my/icism & asceticism run into ?is dang]1 :5 ! int5t to be fai?ful to a supreme good too symbolically pres5t$ bre$s a sup]/iti\s repugnance t[>d ev]y?+ naturally priz$4 ,s also an artificial scepticism c reg>d all exp]i5ce z deceptive1 by contra/+ x ) ! *im]a ( an absolute reality4 ,z an absolute reality w\ld be indescribable & )\t a function 9 ! elucidation ( ph5om5a1 s a supreme good :i* 0 good = nobody w\ld be )\t conceivable value4 ,respect = su* an idol is a dialectical sup]/ition2 & if zeal = t %ibbole? %\ld actually beg9 to inhibit ! ex]cise ( intellig5t *oice or ! developm5t ( appreciation = natural pleasures1 x w\ld con/itute a rev]sal ( ! ,life ( ,reason :i*1 if p]si/5tly indulg$ 91 c\ld only issue 9 madness or rev]t to imbecility4 ,sid5ote3 ,ne$ ( unity & f9ality4 ,sid5ote3 ,ideals ( no?+4 ,no less important1 h[ev]1 ?an ?is basis :i* ! ideal mu/ h 9 extant dem&s1 is ! h>mony ) :i* reason mu/ end[ x4 ,if )\t ! "o ! ideal loses its value1 )\t ! o!r x loses its f9ality4 ,human nature is fluid & imp]fect2 its dem&s are express$ 9 incid5tal desires1 elicit$ by a v>iety ( objects :i* p]haps _c coexi/ 9 ! _w4 ,if we m]ely transcribe ^! miscellane\s dem&s or all[ ^! float+ desires to dictate to u ! elem5ts ( ! ideal1 we %all nev] come to a ,:ole or to an ,end4 ,"o new fancy aft] ano!r w seem an embodim5t ( p]fection1 & we %all contradict ea* expression ( our ideal by e o!r4 ,a c]ta9 s*ool ( philosophy--if we may give t "n to ! sy/ematic neglect ( reason--has s imm]s$ itself 9 ! contemplation ( ?is sort ( incon/ancy1 :i* is inde$ preval5t en\gh 9 ! _w1 t x has mi/ak5 x = a normal & necess>y process4 ,! greatness ( ! ideal has be5 put 9 its vagu5ess & 9 an ela/icity :i* makes x :olly indet]m9ate & inconsi/5t4 ,! goal ( progress1 beside be+ ?us made to lie at e po9t ( ! compass 9 succession1 is remov$ to an inf9ite di/ance1 :]eby ! possibility ( atta9+ x is d5i$ & progress itself is made illusory4 ,= a progress mu/ be direct$ to atta9+ "s def9ite type ( life1 ! c\nt]p>t ( a giv5 natural end[m5t1 & no?+ c be call$ an improvem5t :i* does n conta9 an appreciable b5efit4 ,a victory w\ld be a mock]y t left u1 = "s new reason1 z mu* imp$$ z be=e & z f> remov$ f peace4 ,! picture ( life z an et]nal w> = illusory ends 0 drawn at fir/ by satiri/s1 unhappily ) too mu* ju/ification 9 ! facts4 ,"s gross] m9ds1 too undiscipl9$ to h ev] pursu$ a good ei!r truly atta9able or truly satisfactory1 !n proce$$ to mi/ake t satire on human folly = a sob] acc\nt ( ! :ole univ]se2 & f9ally o!rs 7 n a%am$ to repres5t x z ! ideal itself--s soon is ! dy]'s h& subdu$ to :at x works 94 ,a b>b>\s m9d _c conceive life1 l heal?1 z a h>mony cont9ually pres]v$ or re/or$1 & conta9+ ^? natural & ideal activities :i* disease m]ely int]rupts4 ,su* a m9d1 nev] hav+ ta/$ ord]1 _c conceive x1 & id5tifies progress ) new conflicts & life ) cont9ual dea?4 ,its deification ( unreason1 in/ability1 & /rife comes p>tly f piety & p>tly f inexp]i5ce4 ,!re is piety 9 salut+ nature 9 h] p]petual flux & 9 ?9k+ t s9ce no equilibrium is ma9ta9$ = ev] none1 p]haps1 des]ves to be4 ,!re is inexp]i5ce 9 n consid]+ t :]ev] int]e/s & judgm5ts exi/1 ! natural flux has fall51 s to speak1 into a vortex1 & creat$ a natural good1 a cumulative life1 & an ideal purpose4 ,art1 sci5ce1 gov]nm5t1 human nature itself1 are self-def9+ & self-pres]v+3 by p>tly fix+ a /ructure !y fix an ideal4 ,b ! b>b>ian c h>dly reg>d su* ?+s1 = to h di/+ui%$ & fo/]$ !m w\ld be to h f\nd$ a civilisation4 ,sid5ote3 ,d>w9 on moral s5se4 ,reason's function 9 def9+ ! ideal is 9 pr9ciple extremely simple1 al?\gh all "t & all exi/5ce w\ld h to be ga!r$ 9 be=e ! applications ( t pr9ciple c\ld be exhau/$4 ,a bett] example ( its ess5tial work+ c\ld h>dly be f\nd ?an "o :i* ,d>w9 gives to illu/rate ! natural orig9 ( moral s5se4 ,a swall[1 impell$ by migratory in/9cts to leave a ne/ full ( unfl$g$ "y1 w\ld endure a moral conflict4 ,! m la/+ impulse1 memory be+ assum$1 w\ld prompt a moral judgm5t :5 x em]g$ aga9 aft] be+ mom5t>ily obscur$ by an int]mitt5t passion4 8,:ile ! "m bird is fe$+ or brood+ ov] h] ne/l+s1 ! mat]nal in/9ct is probably /rong] ?an ! migratory2 b ! in/9ct :i* is m p]si/5t ga9s ! victory1 & at la/1 at a mom5t :5 h] "y ones are n 9 sight1 %e takes flight & des]ts !m4 ,:5 arriv$ at ! end ( h] long j\rney1 & ! migratory in/9ct ceases to act1 :at an agony ( remorse ea* bird w\ld feel if1 f be+ end[$ ) great m5tal activity1 %e c\ld n prev5t ! image cont9ually pass+ be=e h] m9d ( h] "y ones p]i%+ 9 ! bleak nor? f cold & hung]40,e ,%e w\ld d\btless upbraid h]self1 l any s9n]1 = a s5seless p]fidy to h] own de>e/ good4 ,! p]fidy1 h[ev]1 0 n :olly s5seless1 because ! =gott5 in/9ct 0 n less natural & necess>y ?an ! rememb]$ "o1 & its satisfaction no less true4 ,temptation has ! same basis z duty4 ,! diff]5ce is "o ( volume & p]man5ce 9 ! rival satisfactions1 & ! attitude consci5ce w assume t[>d ^! dep5ds m on ! repres5tability ( ! dem&s comp>$ ?an on _! orig9al vehem5ce or ultimate results4 ,sid5ote3 ,consci5ce & reason comp>$4 ,a passionate consci5ce may ?us arise 9 ! play ( impulses diff]+ 9 p]man5ce1 )\t involv+ a judicial ex]cise ( reason4 ,nor does su* a consci5ce involve a syn!tic ideal1 b only ! ideal pres5ce ( p>ticul> dem&s4 ,conflicts 9 ! consci5ce are ?us q natural & w\ld cont9ually occur b = ! n>r[ness t commonly *>act]ises a m9d inspir$ by passion4 ,a life ( s9 & rep5tance is z remote z possible f a ,life ( ,reason4 ,yet ! same situation :i* produces consci5ce & ! s5se ( duty is an occasion = apply+ reason to action & = =m+ an ideal1 s soon z ! dem&s & satisfactions conc]n$ are syn!sis$ & balanc$ imag9atively4 ,! /ork might d m ?an feel ! conflict ( 8 two impulses1 he might d m ?an embody 9 alt]nation ! eloqu5ce ( two ho/ile ?\ghts4 ,he might pass judgm5t ^u !m imp>tially &1 9 ! felt pres5ce ( bo?1 conceive :at might be a union or compromise betwe5 !m4 ,?is resultant object ( pursuit1 conceiv$ 9 reflection & 9 itself ! initial goal ( nei!r impulse1 is ! ideal ( a m9d occupi$ by ! two3 x is ! aim prescrib$ by reason "u ! circum/ances4 ,x diff]s f ! prescription ( consci5ce1 9 t consci5ce is (t5 ! spokesman ( "o int]e/ or ( a gr\p ( int]e/s 9 opposition to o!r prim>y impulses :i* x w\ld annul altoge!r2 :ile reason & ! ideal are n active =ces nor embodim5ts ( passion at all1 b m]ely a me?od by :i* objects ( desire are comp>$ 9 reflection4 ,! goodness ( an end is felt inw>dly by consci5ce2 by reason x c be only tak5 ^u tru/ & regi/]$ z a fact4 ,= consci5ce ! object ( an oppos$ w is an evil1 = reason x is a good on ! same gr\nd z any o!r good1 because x is pursu$ by a natural impulse & c br+ a real satisfaction4 ,consci5ce1 9 f9e1 is a p>ty to moral /rife1 reason an obs]v] ( x :o1 h[ev]1 plays ! mo/ important & b5efic5t "p 9 ! outcome by sugge/+ ! t]ms ( peace4 ,?is sugge/$ peace1 inspir$ by sympa?y & by k ( ! _w1 is ! ideal1 :i* borr[s its value & practical =ce f ! irrational impulses :i* x embodies1 & borr[s its f9al au?ority f ! tru? ) :i* x recognises !m all & ! necessity by :i* x imposes on ea* su* sacrifices z are requisite to a g5]al h>mony4 ,sid5ote3 ,reason imposes no new sacrifice4 ,c\ld ea* impulse1 ap>t f reason1 ga9 p]fect satisfaction1 x w\ld d\btless laugh at ju/ice4 ,! div9e1 to ex]cise suasion1 mu/ use an argum5tum ad hom9em2 reason mu/ ju/ify itself to ! he>t4 ,b p]fect satisfaction is :at an irresponsible impulse c nev] hope =3 all o!r impulses1 ?\gh abs5t p]haps f ! m9d1 are none ! less pres5t 9 nature & h possession ( ! field ?r\gh _! physical basis4 ,!y (f] effectual resi/ance to a reckless intrud]4 ,to disreg>d !m is !re=e to ga9 no?+3 reason1 f> f creat+ ! p>tial r5unciation & proportionate sacrifices :i* x imposes1 really m9imises !m by mak+ !m volunt>y & fruitful4 ,! ideal1 :i* may seem to we> s sev]e a fr[n1 really fo/]s all possible pleasures2 :at x retr5*es is no?+ to :at bl9d =ces & natural cata/rophes w\ld o!rwise cut (f2 :ile x sweet5s :at x sanctions1 add+ to spontane\s enjoym5ts a s5se ( moral security & an intellectual light4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural goods atta9able & compatible 9 pr9ciple4 ,^? :o are guid$ only by an irrational consci5ce c h>dly und]/& :at a good life w\ld be4 ,_! ,utopias h to be sup]natural 9 ord] t ! irresponsible rules :i* !y call morality may lead by miracle to happy results4 ,b su* a magical & undes]v$ happ9ess1 if x 7 possible1 w\ld be unsav\ry3 only "o phase ( human nature w\ld be satisfi$ by x1 & s impov]i%$ an ideal _c really attract ! w4 ,= human nature has be5 m\ld$ by ! same natural =ces among :i* its ideal has to be fulfill$1 &1 ap>t f a c]ta9 m>g9 ( wild hopes & extravagances1 ! ?+s man's he>t desires are atta9able "u 8 natural conditions & w\ld n be atta9able else:]e4 ,! conflict ( desires & int]e/s 9 ! _w is n radical any m ?an man's dissatisfaction ) 8 own nature c be2 = e p>ticul> ideal1 be+ an expression ( human nature 9 op]ation1 mu/ 9 ! end involve ! prim>y human faculties & _c be ess5tially incompatible ) any o!r ideal :i* involves !m too4 ,to adju/ all dem&s to "o ideal & adju/ t ideal to its natural conditions--9 o!r words1 to live ! ,life ( ,reason--is some?+ p]fectly possible2 = ^? dem&s1 be+ ak9 to "o ano!r 9 spite ( !mselves1 c be bett] fur!r$ by co-op]ation ?an by bl9d conflict1 :ile ! ideal1 f> f dem&+ any pr(\nd revolution 9 nature1 m]ely expresses h] actual t5d5cy & =eca/s :at h] p]fect function+ w\ld be4 ,sid5ote3 ,h>mony ! =mal & intr9sic dem& ( reason4 ,reason z su* repres5ts or r con/itutes a s+le =mal int]e/1 ! int]e/ 9 h>mony4 ,:5 two int]e/s are simultane\s & fall )9 "o act ( appreh5sion ! desirability ( h>monis+ !m is involv$ 9 ! v ef=t to realise !m toge!r4 ,if att5tion & imag9ation are /eady en\gh to face ?is implication & n to all[ impulse to oscillate betwe5 irreconcilable t5d5cies1 reason comes into be+4 ,h5ce=? ?+s actual & ?+s desir$ are confront$ by an ideal :i* has bo? p]t95ce & au?ority4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,e3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 *apt] iii4 ,,*apt] ,,xii--,,flux ,,& ,,con/ancy ,,9 ,,human ,,nature ,sid5ote3 ,respectable tradition t human nature is fix$4 ,a conception ( some?+ call$ human nature arises n unnaturally on obs]v+ ! passions ( m51 passions :i* "u v>i\s disguises seem to reappe> 9 all ages & c\ntries4 ,! t5d5cy ( ,greek philosophy1 ) its insi/5ce on g5]al concepts1 0 to def9e ?is idea ( human nature /ill fur!r & to enc\rage ! belief t a s+le & id5tical ess5ce1 pres5t 9 all m51 det]m9$ _! p[]s & ideal de/9y4 ,*ri/ianity1 :ile x transpos$ ! human ideal & dwelt on ! sup]human aff9ities ( man1 did n ab&on ! notion ( a specific humanity4 ,on ! contr>y1 su* a notion 0 impli$ 9 ! ,fall & ,r$emption1 9 ! ,sacram5ts1 & 9 ! univ]sal validity ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e & precept4 ,= if human nature 7 n "o1 !re w\ld be no propriety 9 requir+ all m5 to pres]ve unanimity 9 fai? or con=mity 9 conduct4 ,human nature 0 likewise ! entity :i* ! ,engli% psy*ologi/s set !mselves to describe2 & ,kant 0 s entirely dom9at$ by ! notion ( a fix$ & univ]sal human nature t its con/ancy1 9 8 op9ion1 0 ! s\rce ( all natural z well z moral laws4 ,_h he d\bt$ = a mom5t ! /ability ( human nature1 ! f\ndations ( 8 sy/em w\ld h fall5 out2 ! =ms ( p]ception & ?\ght w\ld at once h lo/ _! boa/$ necessity1 s9ce to-morr[ might dawn ^u new categories & a modifi$ a priori intuition ( space or "t2 & ! av5ue w\ld also h be5 clos$ by :i* man 0 l$1 ?r\gh 8 unalt]able moral s5tim5ts1 to assumptions ab\t metaphysical tru?s4 ,sid5ote3 ,contr>y curr5ts ( op9ion4 ,sid5ote3 ,evolution ,! =ce ( ?is long tradition has be5 brok51 h[ev]1 by two influ5ces ( great weight 9 rec5t times1 ! !ory ( evolution & ! revival ( pan!ism4 ,! fir/ has re9troduc$ flux into ! conception ( exi/5ce & ! second into ! conception ( values4 ,if natural species are fluid & pass into "o ano!r1 human nature is m]ely a "n = a gr\p ( qualities f\nd by *ance 9 c]ta9 tribes ( animals1 a gr\p to :i* new qualities are con/antly t5d+ to atta* !mselves :ile o!r faculties become ext9ct1 n[ 9 :ole races1 n[ 9 sporadic individuals4 ,human nature is !re=e a v>iable1 & its ideal _c h a great] con/ancy ?an ! dem&s to :i* x gives expression4 ,nor c ! ideal ( "o man or "o age h any au?ority ov] ano!r1 s9ce ! h>mony exi/+ 9 _! nature & int]e/s is accid5tal & ea* is a transitional phase 9 an indef9ite evolution4 ,! cry/allisation ( moral =ces at any mom5t is consequ5tly to be expla9$ by univ]sal1 n by human1 laws2 ! philosoph]'s int]e/ _c be to trace ! implications ( pres5t & un/able desires1 b r to discov] ! me*anical law by :i* ^! desires h be5 g5]at$ & w be trans=m$1 s t !y w *ange irrevocably bo? _! basis & _! objects4 ,sid5ote3 ,pan!ism4 ,to ?is picture ( physical in/ability furni%$ by popul> sci5ce are to be add$ ! my/ical self-d5ials involv$ 9 pan!ism4 ,^! come to re9=ce ! doctr9e t human nature is a %ift+ ?+ ) ! s5tim5t t x is a f9ite & unwor?y "o3 = e det]m9ation ( be+1 x is said1 has its significance z well z its orig9 9 ! inf9ite cont9uum ( :i* x is a "p4 ,=ms are limitations1 & limitations1 accord+ to ?is philosophy1 w\ld be defects1 s t man's only goal w\ld be to escape humanity & lose himself 9 ! div9e nebula t has produc$ & mu/ invalidate ea* ( 8 ?\ghts & ideals4 ,z !re w\ld be b "o _s 9 ! _w1 & t inf9ite1 s !re w\ld be b "o ideal & t indiscrim9ate4 ,! despair :i* ! naturali/'s view ( human in/ability might t5d to produce is turn$ by ?is my/ical initiation into a sort ( ec/asy2 & ! deluge ( con=mity sudd5ly subm]ges t ,life ( ,reason :i* sci5ce seem$ to condemn to gradual ext9ction4 ,sid5ote3 ,in/ability 9 exi/5ces does n de?rone _! ideals4 ,reason is a human function4 ,?\gh ! "n ( reason has be5 appli$ to v>i\s alleg$ pr9ciples ( cosmic life1 vital or dialectical1 ^! pr9ciples all lack ! ess5ce ( rationality1 9 t !y are n consci\s movem5ts t[>d satisfaction1 n1 9 o!r words1 moral & b5efic5t pr9ciples at all4 ,be ! in/ability ( human nature :at x may1 !re=e1 ! in/ability ( reason is n less1 s9ce reason is b a function ( human nature4 ,h[ev] relative & subord9ate1 9 a physical s5se1 human ideals may be1 ^! ideals rema9 ! only possible moral /&>ds = man1 ! only te/s :i* he c apply = value or au?ority1 9 any o!r qu>t]4 ,& among un/able & relative ideals none is m relative & un/able ?an t :i* transports all value to a univ]sal law1 itself indiff]5t to good & evil1 & wor%ips x z a deity4 ,su* an idolatry w\ld inde$ be impossible if x 7 n p>tial & veil$1 arriv$ at 9 foll[+ out "s human int]e/ & clung to by =ce ( moral in]tia & ! ambiguity ( words4 ,9 tru? my/ics d n practise s entire a r5unciation ( reason z !y prea*3 et]nal validity & ! capacity to deal ) absolute reality are /ill assum$ by !m to belong to ?\ght or at lea/ to feel+4 ,only !y ov]look 9 _! description ( human nature j t faculty :i* !y ex]cise 9 _! speculation2 _! map leaves out ! gr\nd on :i* !y /&4 ,! re/1 :i* !y are n id5tifi$ ) = ! mom5t1 !y proce$ to reg>d de haut en bas & to discr$it z a mom5t>y manife/ation ( univ]sal laws1 physical or div9e4 ,!y =get t ?is fai? 9 law1 ?is absorption 9 ! blank reality1 ?is en?usiasm = ! ultimate ?\ght1 are m]e human passions l ! re/2 t !y endure !m z !y might a fev] & t ! animal in/9cts are pat5t on :i* ^? spiritual ye>n+s repose4 ,sid5ote3 ,absoluti/ philosophy human & halt+4 ,?is la/ fact w\ld be no?+ aga9/ ! feel+s 9 "q1 if !y 7 n made vehicles = absolute revelations4 ,on ! contr>y1 su* a relativity 9 in/9cts is ! s\rce ( _! importance4 ,9 virtue ( ?is relativity !y h "s basis & function 9 ! _w2 = did !y n repose on human nature !y c\ld nev] express or trans=m x4 ,religion & philosophy are n always b5efic5t or important1 b :5 !y are x is precisely because !y help to develop human faculty & to enri* human life4 ,to imag9e t by means ( !m we c escape f human nature & survey x f )\t is an o/ri*-l illusion obvi\s to all b to ! victim ( x4 ,su* a pret5sion may cause admiration 9 ! s*ools1 :]e self-hypnotisation is easy1 b 9 ! _w x makes its pr(essors ridicul\s4 ,= 9 _! eag]ness to empty _! m9d ( human prejudices !y r$uce its rational burd5 to a m9imum1 & if !y /ill cont9ue to dogmatise1 x is sport = ! satiri/ to obs]ve :at =gott5 accid5t ( language or tra9+ has surviv$ ! cra% ( ! univ]se & made ! "o demon/rable pa? to ,absolute ,tru?4 ,sid5ote3 ,all sci5ce a deliv]ance ( mom5t>y ?\ght4 ,nei!r ! pa? ( ab/raction foll[$ by ! my/ics1 nor t ( direct &1 z x av]s1 unbiass$ obs]vation foll[$ by ! naturali/s1 c lead beyond t region ( common exp]i5ce1 traditional feel+1 & conv5tional ?\ght :i* all m9ds ent] at bir? & c elude only at ! risk ( inw>d collapse & ext9ction4 ,! fact t obs]vation involves ! s5ses1 & ! s5ses _! organs1 is "o :i* a naturali/ c h>dly ov]look2 & :5 we add t logical habits1 sanction$ by utility1 are ne$$ to int]pret ! data ( s5se1 ! humanity ( sci5ce & all its con/ructions becomes cle>] ?an day4 ,sup]/ition itself c\ld n be m human4 ,! pa? ( unbiass$ obs]vation is n a pa? away f conv5tional life2 x is a progress 9 conv5tions4 ,x improves human belief by increas+ ! proportion ( two ( its +r$i5ts1 att5tive p]ception & practical calculus4 ,! :ole result+ vision1 z x is su/a9$ f mom5t to mom5t by pres5t exp]i5ce & in/9ct1 has no value ap>t f actual ideals4 ,& if x proves human nature to be un/able1 x c build t pro( on no?+ m /able ?an human faculty z at ! mom5t x happ5s to be4 ,sid5ote3 ,all criticism likewise4 ,nor is ab/raction a less human process1 z if by becom+ v ab/ruse inde$ we c\ld hope to become div9e4 ,is x n a commonplace ( ! s*ools t to =m ab/ract ideas is ! pr]ogative ( man's reason8 ,is n ab/raction a me?od by :i* mortal intellig5ce makes ha/e8 ,is x n ! make%ift ( a m9d ov]load$ ) its exp]i5ce1 ! trick ( an eye t _c ma/] a pr(use & ev]-*ang+ _w8 ,%all ^! diagrams drawn 9 fancy1 ?is sy/em ( signals 9 ?\ght1 be ! ,absolute ,tru? dwell+ )9 u8 ,d we atta9 reality by mak+ a silh\ette ( our dreams8 ,if ! sci5tific _w be a product ( human faculties1 ! metaphysical _w mu/ be d\bly s2 = ! mat]ial !re giv5 to human und]/&+ is "h work$ ov] aga9 by human art4 ,?is con/itutes ! dignity & value ( dialectic1 t 9 spite ( appe>ances x is s human2 x be>s to exp]i5ce a relation simil> to t :i* ! arts be> to ! same1 :]e s5sible images1 select$ by ! arti/'s g5ius & already col\r$ by 8 /hetic bias1 are r$y$ 9 ! process ( reproduction :5ev] he has a great /yle1 & saturat$ anew ) 8 m9d4 ,!re c be no "q1 !n1 ( elud+ human nature or ( conceiv+ x & its environm5t 9 su* a way z to /op its op]ation4 ,we may take up our position 9 "o region ( exp]i5ce or 9 ano!r1 we may1 9 unconsci\sness ( ! int]e/s & assumptions t support u1 criticise ! tru? or value ( results obta9$ else:]e4 ,our criticism w be solid 9 proportion to ! solidity ( ! unnam$ convictions t inspire x1 t is1 9 proportion to ! deep roots & fruitful ramifications :i* ^? convictions may h 9 human life4 ,ultimate tru? & ultimate value w be reasonably attribut$ to ^? ideas & possessions :i* c give human nature1 z x is1 ! highe/ satisfaction4 ,we may admit t human nature is v>iable2 b t admission1 if ju/ifi$1 w be ju/ifi$ by ! satisfaction :i* x gives human nature to make x4 ,we might ev5 admit t human ideals are va9 b only if !y 7 no?+ wor? = ! atta9m5t ( ! v]itable human ideal4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9s iness5tial4 ,! giv5 con/itution ( reason1 ) :atev] a dialectical philosophy might elicit f x1 obvi\sly det]m9es no?+ ab\t ! causes t may h br\ght reason to its pres5t pass or ! phases t may h prec$$ its appe>ance4 ,c]ta9 notions ab\t physics might no d\bt sugge/ !mselves to ! morali/1 :o nev] c be ! :ole man2 he might suspect1 = in/ance1 t ! transitive int5t ( intellect & w po9t$ to _! vital basis4 ,transc5d5ce 9 op]ation might seem appropriate only to a be+ ) a hi/ory & ) an organism subject to ext]nal influ5ces1 ^: m9d %\ld ?us come to repres5t n m]ely its mom5t>y /ate b also its con/itutive pa/ & its ev5tual =tunes4 ,su* sugge/ions1 h[ev]1 w\ld be extrane\s to dialectical self-k4 ,!y w\ld be t5tative only1 & human nature w\ld be freely admitt$ to be z v>iable1 z relative1 & z transitory z ! natural hi/ory ( ! univ]se might make x4 ,sid5ote3 ,ideals functional4 ,! error1 h[ev]1 w\ld be pr(\nd & ! contradiction hopeless if we %\ld d5y ! ideal au?ority ( human nature because we _h discov]$ its orig9 & conditions4 ,nature & evolution1 let u say1 h br\ght life to ! pres5t =m2 b ?is life lives1 ^! organs h det]m9ate functions1 & human nature1 "h & n[1 9 relation to ! ideal en]gies x unfolds1 is a fundam5tal ess5ce1 a collection ( activities ) det]m9ate limits1 relations1 & ideals4 ,! integration & det]m9at5ess ( ^! faculties is ! condition = any syn!tic op]ation ( reason4 ,z ! /ructure ( ! /eam-eng9e has v>i$ greatly s9ce its fir/ inv5tion1 & its attributions h increas$1 s ! /ructure ( human nature has und\bt$ly v>i$ s9ce man fir/ appe>$ ^u ! e>?2 b z 9 ea* /eam-eng9e at ea* mom5t !re mu/ be a limit ( mobility1 a unity ( function & a cle> det]m9ation ( p>ts & t5sions1 s 9 human nature1 z f\nd at any "t 9 any man1 !re is a def9ite scope by virtue ( :i* alone he c h a reliable memory1 a recognisable "*1 a faculty ( connect$ ?\ght & spee*1 a social utility1 & a moral ideal4 ,on man's giv5 /ructure1 on 8 activity hov]+ ab\t fix$ objects1 dep5ds ! possibility ( conceiv+ or te/+ any tru? or mak+ any progress 9 happ9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y are transf]able to simil> be+s4 ,?9k]s ( diff]5t exp]i5ce & organisation h pro tanto diff]5t logics & diff]5t moral laws4 ,!re are limits to communication ev5 among be+s ( ! same race1 & ! faculties & ideals ( "o intellig5ce are n transf]able )\t *ange to any o!r4 ,if ?is hi/oric div]sity 9 m9ds 7 complete1 s t ea* liv$ 9 its own moral _w1 a sci5ce ( ea* ( ^! moral worlds w\ld /ill be possible provid$ "s inn] fixity or con/ancy exi/$ 9 its mean+s4 ,9 e human ?\ght toge!r ) an immortal int5t !re is a mortal & irrecov]able p]ception3 some?+ 9 x p]i%es in/antly1 ! "p t c be mat]ially pres]v$ be+ proportionate to ! /ability or f]tility ( ! organ t produc$ x4 ,if ! function is imitable1 ! object x t]m9ates 9 w reappe>1 & two or m mom5ts1 hav+ ! same ideal1 w utt] comp>able messages & may p]haps be unanim\s4 ,unanimity 9 ?\ght involves id5tity ( functions & simil>ity 9 organs4 ,^! conditions m>k (f ! sph]e ( rational communication & society2 :]e !y fail altoge!r !re is no mutual intellig5ce1 no conv]sation1 no moral solid>ity4 ,sid5ote3 ,au?ority int]nal4 ,! inn] au?ority ( reason1 h[ev]1 is no m de/roy$ because x has limits 9 physical expression or because irrational ?+s exi/1 ?an ! gramm> ( a giv5 language is invalidat$ because o!r languages d n %>e x1 or because "s p break its rules & o!rs are dumb altoge!r4 ,innum]able madm5 make no diff]5ce to ! laws ( ?\ght1 :i* borr[ _! au?ority f ! inw>d int5t & cog5cy ( ea* rational m9d4 ,reason1 l beauty1 is its own excuse = be+4 ,x is useful1 inde$1 = liv+ well1 :5 to give reason satisfaction is made ! measure ( good4 ,! true philosoph]1 :o is n "o *iefly by pr(ession1 mu/ be prep>$ to tread ! w9epress alone4 ,he may inde$ fl\ri% l ! bay-tree 9 a grateful environm5t1 b m (t5 he w r resemble a re$ %ak5 by ! w9d4 ,:e!r />v$ or f$ by ! accid5ts ( =tune he mu/ f9d 8 ess5tial life 9 8 own ideal4 ,9 spiritual life1 het]onomy is suicide4 ,t univ]sal s\l sometimes spok5 (1 :i* is to h>monise & correct individual dem&s1 if x 7 a w & an intellig5ce 9 act1 w\ld itself be an individual l ! o!rs2 :ile if x possess$ no w & no intellig5ce1 su* z individuals may h1 x w\ld be a physical =ce or law1 a dynamic sy/em )\t moral au?ority & ) a m]ely pot5tial or repres5t$ exi/5ce4 ,= to be actual & self-exi/5t is to be individual4 ,! liv+ m9d _c surr5d] its rights to any physical p[] or subord9ate itself to any figm5t ( its own art )\t fall+ into manife/ idolatry4 ,sid5ote3 ,reason autonom\s4 ,human nature1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* x is ! transc5d5tal f\ndation ( all sci5ce & morals1 is a functional unity 9 ea* man2 x is no g5]al or ab/ract ess5ce1 ! av]age ( all m5's *>act]s1 nor ev5 ! complex ( ! qualities common to all m54 ,x is ! entele*y ( ! liv+ individual1 be he typical or s+ul>4 ,t 8 type %\ld be odd or common is m]ely a physical accid5t4 ,if he c "k himself by express+ ! entele*y ( 8 own nature 9 ! =m ( a consi/5t ideal1 he is a rational creature aft] 8 own k9d1 ev5 if1 l ! angels ( ,sa9t ,?omas1 he be ! only individual ( 8 species4 ,:at ! majority ( human animals may t5d to1 or :at ! pa/ or future v>iations ( a race may be1 has no?+ to d ) det]m9+ ! ideal ( human nature 9 a liv+ man1 or 9 an ideal society ( m5 b\nd toge!r by spiritual k9%ip4 ,o!rwise ,plato c\ld n h reason$ well ab\t ! republic )\t adju/+ himself to ! politics ( ,buddha or ,r\sseau1 & we %\ld n be able to det]m9e our own morality )\t mak+ concessions to ! cannibals or giv+ a vote to ! ants4 ,)9 ! field ( an an?ropology t te/s humanity by ! skull's %ape1 !re might be room = any numb] ( indep5d5t moralities1 & al?\gh1 z we %all see1 !re is actually a simil> f\ndation 9 all human & ev5 9 all animal natures1 :i* supports a rudim5t>y morality common to all1 yet a p]fect morality is n really common to any two m5 nor to any two phases ( ! same man's life4 ,sid5ote3 ,its di/ribution4 ,! di/ribution ( reason1 ?\gh a subject irrelevant to pure logic or morals1 is "o naturally int]e/+ to a rational man1 = he is conc]n$ to "k h[ f> be+s exi/ ) a cong5ial /ructure & an ideal ak9 to 8 own4 ,t circum/ance w l>gely influ5ce 8 happ9ess if1 be+ a man1 he is a greg>i\s & sympa!tic animal4 ,8 moral idealism itself w crave support f o!rs1 if n to give x direction1 at lea/ to give x w>m? & c\rage4 ,! be/ "p ( weal? is to h wor?y heirs1 & m9d c be transmitt$ only to a k9dr$ m9d4 ,ho/ile natures _c be br\ght toge!r by mutual invective nor h>monis$ by ! brute de/ruction & disappe>ance ( ei!r p>ty4 ,b :5 "o or bo? p>ties h actually disappe>$1 & ! combat has ceas$ = lack ( combatants1 natures n ho/ile to "o ano!r c fill ! vacant place4 ,9 proportion to _! inbr$ unanimity ^! w cultivate a simil> ideal & rejoice toge!r 9 its embodim5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural selection ( m9ds4 ,?is has happ5$ to "s ext5t 9 ! :ole _w1 on acc\nt ( natural conditions :i* limit ! =ms ( life possible 9 "o region2 = nature is intol]ant 9 h] laxity & puni%es too great orig9ality & h]esy ) dea?4 ,su* moral integration has occurr$ v m>k$ly 9 e good race & society ^: memb]s1 by adapt+ !mselves to ! same ext]nal =ces1 h creat$ & discov]$ _! common s\l4 ,spiritual unity is a natural product4 ,!re are ^? :o see a great my/]y 9 ! pres5ce ( et]nal values & imp]sonal ideals 9 a mov+ & animal _w1 & ?9k to solve t dualism1 z !y call x1 by d5y+ t nature c h spiritual functions or _s a natural cause2 b no?+ c be simpl] if we make1 z we %\ld1 exi/5ce ! te/ ( possibility4 ,ab esse ad posse valet illatio4 ,nature is a p]fect g>d5 ( ideals1 & passion is ! p]petual & f]tile soil = poetry1 my?1 & speculation4 ,nor is ?is orig9 m]ely imput$ to ideals by a late & cynical obs]v]3 x is manife/ 9 ! ideals !mselves1 by _! subject matt] & int5t4 ,= :at are ideals ab\t1 :at d !y idealise1 except natural exi/5ce & natural passions8 ,t w\ld be a mis]able & sup]flu\s ideal inde$ t 0 nobody's ideal ( no?+4 ,! p]t95ce ( ideals b9ds !m to nature1 & x is only ! wor/ & flimsie/ ideals1 ! ideals ( a sick s\l1 t elude nature's limits & belie h] pot5tialities4 ,ideals are =]unn]s or h]alds ( nature's successes1 n always foll[$1 inde$1 by _! fulfilm5t1 = nature is b nature & has to feel h] way2 b !y are an e>ne/1 at lea/1 ( an a*iev$ organisation1 an incipi5t accompli%m5t1 t t5ds to ma9ta9 & root itself 9 ! _w4 ,to speak ( nature's successes is1 ( c\rse1 to impute success retroactively2 b ! expression may be all[$ :5 we consid] t ! same functional equilibrium :i* is look$ back ^u z a good by ! s\l x s]ves1 fir/ creates individual be+ & ) x creates ! possibility ( pref]5ce & ! :ole moral _w2 & x is m ?an a metaphor to call t a*ievem5t a success :i* has made a s5se ( success possible & actual4 ,t nature _c int5d or previ\sly e/eem ^? =mations :i* are ! condition ( value or int5tion exi/+ at all1 is a tru? too obvi\s to dem& repetition2 b :5 ^? =mations arise !y det]m9e e/imation1 & fix ! direction ( pref]5ce1 s t ! evolution :i* produc$ !m1 :5 look$ back ^u f ! vantage-gr\nd ?us ga9$1 _c help seem+ to h be5 direct$ t[>d ! good n[ di/+ui%$ & p>tly atta9$4 ,= ?is reason creation is reg>d$ z a "w ( love1 & ! p[] t br\ght ord] out ( *aos is call$ intellig5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,liv+ /ability4 ,^! natural =mations1 t5d+ to g5]ate & realise ea* its ideal1 are1 z x 71 eddies 9 ! univ]sal flux1 produc$ no less me*anically1 d\btless1 ?an ! onw>d curr5t1 yet seem+ to arre/ or to rev]se x4 ,inh]itance arre/s ! flux by repeat+ a s]ies ( phases ) a recognisable rhy?m2 memory rev]ses x by modify+ ?is rhy?m itself by ! integration ( e>li] phases into ^? t sup]v5e4 ,inh]itance & memory make human /ability4 ,?is /ability is relative1 be+ /ill a mode ( flux1 & consi/s fundam5tally 9 repetition4 ,repetition m>ks "s progress on m]e cont9uity1 s9ce x pres]ves =m & disreg>ds "t & matt]4 ,inh]itance is repetition on a l>g] scale1 n exclud+ spontane\s v>iations2 :ile habit & memory are a sort ( h]$ity )9 ! individual1 s9ce "h an old p]ception reappe>s1 by way ( atavism1 9 ! mid/ ( a =w>d m>*4 ,life is ?us enri*$ & reaction adapt$ to a wid] field2 mu* z a note is enri*$ by its ov]tones1 & by ! t5sions1 inh]it$ f ! prec$+ notes1 :i* give x a new sett+4 ,sid5ote3 ,cont9uity necess>y to progress4 ,progress1 f> f consi/+ 9 *ange1 dep5ds on ret5tiv5ess4 ,:5 *ange is absolute !re rema9s no be+ to improve & no direction is set = possible improvem5t3 & :5 exp]i5ce is n reta9$1 z among savages1 infancy is p]petual4 ,^? :o _c rememb] ! pa/ are condemn$ to repeat x4 ,9 ! fir/ /age ( life ! m9d is frivol\s & easily di/ract$2 x misses progress by fail+ 9 consecutiv5ess & p]si/5ce4 ,?is is ! condition ( *ildr5 & b>b>ians1 9 :om in/9ct has le>n$ no?+ f exp]i5ce4 ,9 a second /age m5 are docile to ev5ts1 pla/ic to new habits & sugge/ions1 yet able to graft !m on orig9al in/9cts1 :i* !y ?us br+ to full] satisfaction4 ,?is is ! plane ( manhood & true progress4 ,la/ comes a /age :5 ret5tiv5ess is exhau/$ & all t happ5s is at once =gott52 a va91 because unpractical1 repetition ( ! pa/ takes ! place ( pla/icity & f]tile readaptation4 ,9 a mov+ _w readaptation is ! price ( longevity4 ,! h>d %ell1 f> f protect+ ! vital pr9ciple1 condemns x to die d[n sl[ly & be gradually *ill$2 immortality 9 su* a case mu/ h be5 secur$ e>li]1 by giv+ bir? to a g5]ation pla/ic to ! contempor>y _w & able to reta9 its lessons4 ,?us old age is z =getful z y\?1 & m incorrigible2 x displays ! same inatt5tiv5ess to conditions2 its memory becomes self-repeat+ & deg5]ates into an in/9ctive reaction1 l a bird's *irp4 ,sid5ote3 ,limits ( v>iation4 ,_s a h]itage4 ,n all readaptation1 h[ev]1 is progress1 = ideal id5tity mu/ n be lo/4 ,! ,lat9 language did n progress :5 x pass$ into ,italian4 ,x di$4 ,its amiable heirs may console u = its dep>ture1 b d n remove ! fact t _! p>5t is ext9ct4 ,s e individual1 nation1 & religion has its limit ( adaptation2 s long z ! increm5t x receives is dige/ible1 s long z ! organisation already atta9$ is ext5d$ & elaborat$ )\t be+ surr5d]$1 gr[? goes on2 b :5 ! f\ndation itself %ifts1 :5 :at is ga9$ at ! p]iph]y is lo/ at ! c5tre1 ! flux appe>s aga9 & progress is n real4 ,?us a succession ( g5]ations or languages or religions con/itutes no progress unless "s ideal pres5t at ! beg9n+ is transmitt$ to ! end & rea*es a bett] expression !re2 )\t ?is /ability at ! core no common /&>d exi/s & all comp>ison ( value ) value mu/ be ext]nal & arbitr>y4 ,ret5tiv5ess1 we mu/ repeat1 is ! condition ( progress4 ,! v>iation human nature is op5 to is n1 !n1 v>iation 9 any direction4 ,!re are trans=mations t w\ld de/roy x4 ,s long z x endures x mu/ reta9 all t con/itutes x n[1 all t x has s f> ga!r$ & work$ into its sub/ance4 ,! g5ealogy ( progress is l t ( man1 :o c nev] repudiate a s+le ance/or4 ,x />ts1 s to speak1 f a s+le po9t1 free z yet to take any direction4 ,:5 once1 h[ev]1 evolution has tak5 a s+le /ep1 say 9 ! direction ( v]tebrates1 t /ep _c be retrac$ )\t ext9ction ( ! species4 ,su* ext9ction may take place :ile progress 9 o!r l9es is cont9u$4 ,all t prec$$ ! =k+ ( ! dead & ! liv+ bran* w be z well repres5t$ & z legitimately cont9u$ by ! surviv+ radiates z x c\ld h be5 by ! v]tebrates t are no m2 b ! v]tebrate ideal is lo/ = ev]1 & no m progress is possible along t l9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]fectibility4 ,! future ( moral evolution is accord+ly inf9ite1 b its "* is m & m det]m9ate at e /ep4 ,mank9d c nev]1 )\t p]i%+1 surr5d] its animal nature1 its ne$ to eat & dr9k1 its sexual me?od ( reproduction1 its vision ( nature1 its faculty ( spee*1 its arts ( music1 poetry1 & build+4 ,p>ticul> races _c subsi/ if !y r5\nce _! savage in/9cts1 b die1 l wild animals1 9 captivity2 & p>ticul> individuals die :5 n suff]$ any long] to reta9 _! memories1 _! bodies1 or ev5 _! ma/] passions4 ,?us human nature survives amid a cont9ual fluctuation ( its embodim5ts4 ,at e /ep twigs & leaves are ?r[n out t la/ b "o season2 b ! und]ly+ /em may h meantime gr[n /rong] & m luxuriant4 ,:ole bran*es sometimes )]1 b o!rs may cont9ue to bloom4 ,spiritual unity runs1 l sap1 f ! common root to e utt]mo/ fl[]2 b at ea* =k+ 9 ! gr[? ! bran*es "p company1 & :at happ5s 9 "o is no direct conc]n ( ! o!rs4 ,! products ( "o age & nation may well be un9telligible to ano!r2 ! elem5ts ( humanity common to bo? may lie l[] d[n4 ,s t ! highe/ ?+s are communicable to ! fewe/ p]sons1 & yet1 among ^! few1 are ! mo/ p]fectly communicable4 ,! m elaborate & det]m9ate a man's h]itage & g5ius are1 ! m he has 9 common ) 8 next ( k91 & ! m he c transmit & implant 9 8 po/]ity = ev]4 ,civilisation is cumulative4 ,! f>!r x goes ! int5s] x is1 sub/itut+ articulate int]e/s = animal fumes & = enigmatic passions4 ,su* articulate int]e/s c be %>$2 & ! inf9ite vi/as !y op5 up c be pursu$ = ev] ) ! k t a "w long ago begun is be+ p]fect$ & t an ideal is be+ embodi$ :i* ne$ nev] be outworn4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature & human nature4 ,s long z ext]nal conditions rema9 con/ant x is obvi\s t ! great] organisation a be+ possesses ! great] /r5g? he w h4 ,if inde$ prim>y conditions v>i$1 ! f9] creatures w\ld die fir/2 = _! adaptation is m exquisite & ! irrev]sible core ( _! be+ mu* l>g] relatively2 b 9 a con/ant environm5t _! equipm5t makes !m irresi/ible & secures _! p]man5ce & multiplication4 ,n[ man is a "p ( nature & h] organisation may be reg>d$ z ! f\ndation ( 8 own3 ! ^w nature is !re=e less equivocal ?an x seems1 = e nature is ,nature h]self 9 "o ( h] m specific & bett] articulat$ =ms4 ,man !re=e repres5ts ! univ]se t su/a9s him2 8 exi/5ce is a pro( t ! cosmic equilibrium t fo/]$ 8 life is a natural equilibrium1 capable ( be+ long ma9ta9$4 ,"s ( ! anci5ts ?\ght x et]nal2 physics n[ sugge/s a diff]5t op9ion4 ,b ev5 if ?is equilibrium1 by :i* ! />s are kept 9 _! c\rses & human progress is all[$ to proce$1 is fundam5tally un/able1 x %[s :at relative /ability nature may atta94 ,c\ld ?is balance be pres]v$ indef9itely1 no "o kn[s :at wond]ful adaptations might occur )9 x1 & to :at excell5ce human nature 9 p>ticul> might arrive4 ,nor is x unlikely t be=e ! cataclysm comes "t w be af=d$ = m improvem5t ?an moral philosophy has ev] dream$ (4 ,= x is rem>kable h[ inane & unimag9ative ,utopias h g5]ally be54 ,?is possibility is n un9spir+ & may help to console ^? :o ?9k ! natural conditions ( life are n conditions t a good life c be liv$ 94 ,! possibility ( ess5tial progress is b\nd up ) ! tragic possibility t progress & human life %\ld "s day end toge!r4 ,if ! pres5t equilibrium ( =ces 7 et]nal all adaptations to x w\ld h already tak5 place &1 :ile no ess5tial cata/rophe w\ld ne$ to be dread$1 no ess5tial improvem5t c\ld be hop$ = 9 all et]nity4 ,i am n sure t a humanity su* z we "k1 7 x de/9$ to exi/ = ev]1 w\ld (f] a m exhil>at+ prospect ?an a humanity hav+ indef9ite ela/icity toge!r ) a prec>i\s t5ure ( life4 ,mortality has its comp5sations3 "o is t all evils are transitory1 ano!r t bett] times may come4 ,sid5ote3 ,human nature =mulat$4 ,human nature1 !n1 has = its core ! sub/ance ( nature at l>ge1 & is "o ( its m complex =mations4 ,its det]m9ation is progressive4 ,x v>ies indef9itely 9 its hi/oric manife/ations & fades into :at1 z a matt] ( natural hi/ory1 might no long] be t]m$ human4 ,at ea* mom5t x has its fix$ & det]m9ate entele*y1 ! ideal ( t be+'s life1 bas$ on 8 in/9cts1 summ$ up 9 8 "*1 br\ght to a focus 9 8 reflection1 & %>$ by all :o h atta9$ or may inh]it 8 organisation4 ,8 p]ceptive & reason+ faculties are p>ts ( human nature1 z embodi$ 9 him2 all objects ( belief or desire1 ) all /&>ds ( ju/ice & duty :i* he c possibly ackn[l$ge1 are transcripts ( x1 condition$ by x1 & ju/ifiable only z expressions ( its inh]5t t5d5cies4 ,sid5ote3 ,its concrete description res]v$ = ! sequel4 ,?is def9ition ( human nature1 cle> z x may be 9 itself & true to ! facts1 w p]haps h>dly make suffici5tly pla9 h[ ! ,life ( ,reason1 hav+ a natural basis1 has 9 ! ideal _w a creative & absolute au?ority4 ,a m concrete description ( human nature may accord+ly n come amiss1 especially z ! important practical "q t\*+ ! ext5sion ( a giv5 moral au?ority ov] times & places dep5ds on ! degree ( k9%ip f\nd among ! creatures inhabit+ ^? regions4 ,to give a g5]al picture ( human nature & its rational functions w be ! task ( ! foll[+ books4 ,! tru? ( a description :i* mu/ be l>gely hi/orical may n be indiff]5t to ! read]1 & ,i %all /udy to avoid bias 9 ! pres5tation1 9 s f> z is compatible ) frankness & brevity2 yet ev5 if "s bias %\ld manife/ itself & if ! picture 7 hi/orically false1 ! rational pr9ciples we %all be try+ to illu/rate w n !reby be invalidat$4 ,illu/rations might h be5 s\ght 9 "s fictiti\s _w1 if imag9ation _h n seem$ s mu* less int]e/+ ?an reality1 :i* besides en=ces ) unapproa*able eloqu5ce ! ma9 pr9ciple 9 view1 namely1 t nature c>ries its ideal ) x & t ! progressive organisation ( irrational impulses makes a rational life4 999999 ,end ( ,volume ,i 999999 ,,reason ,,9 ,,society ,volume ,two ( 8,! ,life ( ,reason0 ,,george ,,santayana h g> noy enh]geia zh ,,cont5ts ,,book ,,ii4--,,reason ,,9 ,,society ,,*apt] ,i ,,love ,fluid exi/5ces h none b ideal goals4--,nutrition & reproduction4--,priority ( ! latt]4--,love celebrates ! initial triumph ( =m & is deeply ideal4--,difficulty 9 describ+ love4--,"o-sid$ or inv]t$ !ories ab\t x4--,sexual functions its basis4--,/ructure ! gr\nd ( faculty & faculty ( duty4--,glory ( animal love4--,its degradation :5 in/9cts become num]\s & competitive4--,moral c5sure provok$4--,! he>t ali5at$ f ! _w4--,*ildi% ideals4--,_! light all focuss$ on ! object ( love4--,?ree environm5ts = love4--,subjectivity ( ! passion4--,ma*9]y regulat+ *oice4--,! *oice un/able4--,in/9ctive ess5ce ( love4--,its ideality4--,its univ]sal scope4--,its eu?anasia4 ,pages #c-cd ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,family ,! family arises spontane\sly4--,x h>monises natural int]e/s4--,capacity to be educat$ goes ) immaturity at bir?4--,! naturally dull a*ieve intellig5ce4--,x is m bless$ to save ?an to create4--,p>5tal in/9ct reg>ds *ildhood only4--,h&+ on ! tor* ( life4--,adv5titi\s functions assum$ by ! family4--,in]tia 9 human nature4--,family tyrannies4--,difficulty 9 ab/ract+ f ! family4--,possibility ( sub/itutes4--,plato's h]oic communism4--,opposite mod]n t5d5cies4--,individualism 9 a s5se rational4--,! family tam$4--,possible readju/m5ts & rev]sions4--,! ideal includes g5]ation4--,inn] values already lodg$ 9 ?is function4--,outw>d b5efic5ce might be secur$ by exp]im5t4 ,pages #ce-ei ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,indu/ry1 ,,gov]nm5t1 ,,& ,,w> ,patri>*al economy4--,orig9 ( ! /ate4--,?ree uses ( civilisation4--,its rationality cont+5t4--,s\rces ( weal?4--,excess ( x possible4--,irrational indu/ry4--,its jovial & +5i\s side4--,its tyranny4--,an impossible rem$y4--,basis ( gov]nm5t4--,h[ rationality accrues4--,f]oci\s b useful despotisms4--,occasional advantage ( be+ conqu]$4--,orig9 ( free gov]nm5ts4--,_! democratic t5d5cies4--,imp]ial peace4--,nom9al & real /atus ( armies4--,_! action irresponsible4--,pugnacity human4--,b>rack-room philosophy4--,milit>y virtues4--,!y are spl5did vices4--,absolute value 9 /rife4--,sport a civilis$ way ( pres]v+ x4--,:o %all f\nd ! univ]sal commonweal?8 ,pages #fj-hg ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,ari/ocratic ,,ideal ,em95ce1 once exi/+1 gr[s by its own op]ation4--,its causes natural & its privileges j4--,advantage ( inequality4--,fable ( ! belly & ! memb]s4--,fallacy 9 x4--,!ism expresses bett] ! ari/ocratic ideal4--,a heav5 ) _m mansions4--,if ,god is def9$ z ! human ideal1 apo!osis ! only p>adise4--,:5 natures diff] p]fections diff] too4--,!ory t /ations actually correspond to faculty4--,its falsity4--,feeble individuality ! rule4--,sophi/ical envy4--,inequality is n a grievance2 suff]+ is4--,mutilation by cr[d+4--,a h9t to optimi/s4--,h[ ari/ocracies might d good4--,man adds wrong to nature's injury4--,conditions ( a j inequality4 ,pages #hh-aac ,,*apt] ,v ,,democracy ,democracy z an end & z a means4--,natural democracy leads to mon>*y4--,artificial democracy is an ext5sion ( privilege4--,ideals & exp$i5ts4--,well-f\nd$ di/ru/ ( rul]s4 ,yet exp]ts1 if rational1 w\ld s]ve common int]e/s4--,p jeal\s ( em95ce4--,x is repres5tative1 b subject to decay4--,anci5t citiz5%ip a privilege4--,mod]n democracy indu/rial4--,dang]s to curr5t civilisation4--,is curr5t civilisation a good8--,horrors ( mat]iali/ic democracy4--,timocracy or sociali/ic ari/ocracy4--,! difficulty ! same z 9 all ,socialism4--,! masses w\ld h to be plebeian 9 position & patrician 9 feel+4--,organisation = ideal ends bre$s fanaticism4--,public _s ! life ( democracy4 ,pages #aad-acf ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,free ,,society ,primacy ( nature ov] _s4--,all exp]i5ce at bottom lib]al4--,social exp]i5ce has its ideality too4--,! self an ideal4--,romantic egotism4--,vanity4--,ambiguities ( fame4--,its possible ideality4--,comrade%ip4--,ext]nal conditions ( fri5d%ip4--,id5tity 9 sex requir$1 & 9 age4--,con/itu5ts ( fri5d%ip4--,p]sonal lik+4--,! refract+ human m$ium = ideas4--,affection bas$ on ! refraction4--,! m$ium mu/ also be transp>5t4--,common int]e/s indisp5sable4--,fri5d%ip betwe5 man & wife4--,betwe5 ma/] & disciple4--,conflict betwe5 ideal & natural allegiance4--,automatic idealisation ( h]oes4 ,pages #acg-aei ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,patriotism ,! creative social environm5t1 s9ce x eludes s5se1 mu/ be repres5t$ symbolically4--,ambigu\s limits ( a native c\ntry1 geographical & moral4--,s5tim5tal & political patriotism4--,! e>? & ! race ! fir/ objects ( rational loyalty4--,race1 :5 di/9ct1 ! greate/ ( di/9ctions4--8,pure0 races may be morally /]ile4--,true nationality direction on a def9ite ideal4--,c\ntry well repres5t$ by dome/ic & civic religion4--,mislead+ id5tification ( c\ntry ) gov]nm5t4--,sport+ or bellig]5t patriotism4--,exclusive patriotism rational only :5 ! gov]nm5t support$ is univ]sally b5efic5t4--,accid5ts ( bir? & tra9+ affect ! ideal4--,!y are conditions & may contribute some?+4--,!y are n ends4--,! symbol = c\ntry may be a man & may become an idol4--,feudal repres5tation s5sitive b p>tial4--,mon>*ical repres5tation compreh5sive b trea*]\s4--,imp]sonal symbols no advantage4--,patriotism n self-int]e/1 save to ! social man ^: aims are ideal4 ,pages #afj-ahc ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,ideal ,,society ,! greg>i\s in/9ct all social in/9cts 9 susp5se4--,x gives rise to consci5ce or sympa?y ) ! public voice4--,guises ( public op9ion4--,oracles & revelations4--,! ideal a measure = all exi/5ces & no exi/5ce itself4--,contra/ betwe5 natural & intellectual bonds4--,appeal f man to ,god1 f real to ideal society4--,significant symbols rev]t to ! concrete4--,nature a symbol = de/9y4--,repres5tative notions h also inh]5t values4--,religion & sci5ce indirectly cognitive & directly ideal4--,_! opposite outlook4--,9 translat+ exi/5ce into human t]ms !y give human nature its highe/ ex]cise4--,sci5ce %\ld be ma!matical & religion an?ropomorphic4--,summ>y ( ?is book4 ,pages #ahd-bje ,,reason ,,9 ,,society ,,*apt] ,i ,,love ,sid5ote3 ,fluid exi/5ces h none b ideal goals4 ,if man 7 a /atic or intelligible be+1 su* z angels are ?\ght to be1 8 life w\ld h a s+le guid+ int]e/1 "u :i* all o!r int]e/s w\ld be subsum$4 ,8 acts w\ld expla9 !mselves )\t look+ beyond 8 giv5 ess5ce1 & 8 s\l w\ld be l a musical composition1 :i* once writt5 out _c gr[ diff]5t & once r5d]$ c ask = no?+ b1 at mo/1 to be r5d]$ ov] aga94 ,9 tru?1 h[ev]1 man is an animal1 a portion ( ! natural flux2 & ! consequ5ce is t 8 nature has a mov+ c5tre1 8 functions an ext]nal ref]5ce1 & 8 ideal a true ideality4 ,:at he /rives to pres]ve1 9 pres]v+ himself1 is some?+ :i* he nev] has be5 at any p>ticul> mom5t4 ,he ma9ta9s 8 equilibrium by motion4 ,8 goal is 9 a s5se beyond him1 s9ce x is n 8 exp]i5ce1 b a =m :i* all exp]i5ce ought to receive4 ,! inmo/ texture ( 8 be+ is propulsive1 & !re is no?+ m intimately b\nd up ) 8 success ?an mobility & devotion to transc5d5t aims4 ,if !re is a transitive function 9 k & an unselfi% purpose 9 love1 t is only because1 at bottom1 !re is a self-reproductive1 fly+ ess5ce 9 all exi/5ce4 ,if ! equilibrium ( man's be+ 7 /able he w\ld ne$ nei!r nutrition1 reproduction1 nor s5se4 ,z x is1 s5se mu/ r5ew 8 ideas & guide 8 in/9cts o!rwise ?an z _! inn] evolution w\ld dem&2 & reg5]ative processes mu/ /rive to repair b5ea? ! con/ant irrep>able lapse ( 8 sub/ance4 ,8 bus9ess is to create & remodel ^? organisms 9 :i* ideals are br$4 ,9 ord] to h a s\l to save he mu/ p]petually =m x anew2 he mu/1 s to speak1 e>n 8 own liv+4 ,9 ?is vital lab\r1 we may ask1 is nutrition or reproduction ! deep] function8 ,or1 to put ! correspond+ moral "q1 is ! body or ! /ate ! prim>y good8 ,sid5ote3 ,nutrition & reproduction ,if we view ! situation f ! individual's side1 z self-consci\sness might view x1 we may reply t nutrition is fundam5tal1 = if ! body 7 n n\ri%$ e faculty w\ld decay4 ,c\ld nutrition only succe$ & keep ! body "y1 reproduction w\ld be unnecess>y1 ) its poor pret5ce at ma9ta9+ ! mobile human =m 9 a s]ies ( examples4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we view ! matt] f above1 z sci5ce & philosophy %\ld1 we may say t nutrition is b g]m9ation ( a p]vasive sort1 t ! body is a tab]nacle 9 :i* ! transmissible human _s is c>ri$ = a :ile1 a %ell = ! immortal se$ t dwells 9 x & has creat$ x4 ,?is se$1 h[ev]1 = rational e/imation1 is m]ely a means to ! exi/5ce & happ9ess ( individuals4 ,transp]sonal & cont9u\s 9 its own fluid be+1 ! pot5tial gr[s p]sonal 9 its ideal fulfilm5ts4 ,9 o!r words1 ?is pot5tiality is mat]ial 7?\gh call$ sometimes an idea7 & has its only value 9 ! p>ticul> creatures x may produce4 ,sid5ote3 ,priority ( ! latt] ,reproduction is accord+ly prim>y & m completely in/rum5tal ?an nutrition is1 s9ce x s]ves a s\l z yet non-exi/5t1 :ile nutrition is useful to a s\l t already has "s actuality4 ,reproduction initiates life & rema9s at life's core1 a function )\t :i* no o!r1 9 ! end1 w\ld be possible4 ,x is m c5tral1 crucial1 & repres5tative ?an nutrition1 :i* is 9 a way p]iph]al only2 x is a m typical & rudim5t>y act1 m>k+ ! ideal's fir/ victory ov] ! univ]sal flux1 be=e any high] function ?an reproduction itself has accru$ to ! animal4 ,to n\ri% an exi/+ be+ is to presuppose a pause 9 g5]ation2 ! nucleus1 be=e x dissolves into o!r individuals1 ga!rs ab\t itself1 = its own glory1 c]ta9 temporal & p]sonal faculties4 ,x lives = itself2 :ile 9 procreation x signs its own dea?-w>rant1 makes its w1 & in/itutes its heir4 ,sid5ote3 ,love celebrates ! initial triumph ( =m & is deeply ideal4 ,?is situation has its c\nt]p>t 9 feel+4 ,repl5i%m5t is a sort ( delay$ brea?+1 z if ! animal _h to hunt = air3 x necessitates m activity ?an x conta9s2 x engages ext]nal s5ses 9 its s]vice & promotes intellig5ce4 ,aft] secur+ a dumb satisfaction1 or ev5 9 prep>+ x1 x leaves ! habits x employ$ free = obs]vation & ideal ex]cise4 ,reproduction1 on ! contr>y1 depletes2 x is an exp5se ( _s1 a drag on physical & m5tal life2 x entangles r ?an lib]ates2 x fuses ! s\l aga9 into ! imp]sonal1 bl9d flux4 ,yet1 s9ce x con/itutes ! prim>y & c5tral triumph ( life1 x is 9 itself m ideal & g5]\s ?an nutrition2 x fasc9ates ! w 9 an absolute fa%ion1 & ! pleasures x br+s are l>gely spiritual4 ,= ?\gh ! in/rum5talities ( reproduction may seem gross & trivial f a conv5tional po9t ( view1 its ess5ce is really ideal1 ! p]fect type1 inde$1 ( ideality1 s9ce =m & an id5tical life are !re9 su/a9$ successfully by a m rhy?mical flux ( matt]4 ,x may seem fanciful1 ev5 if n unmean+1 to say t a man's s\l m truly survives 9 8 son's y\? ?an 9 8 own decrepitude2 b ?is pr9ciple gr[s m obvi\s z we desc5d to simpl] be+s1 9 :i* individual life is less elaborat$ & has n intr5*$ itself 9 s _m adv5titi\s & some:at p]man5t organs4 ,9 vegetables s\l & se$ g =? toge!r & leave no?+ b a husk beh9d4 ,9 ! human individual love may seem a m]e incid5t ( y\? & a s5tim5tal madness2 b t episode1 if we consid] ! race1 is indisp5sable to ! :ole drama2 & if we look to ! ord] 9 :i* ideal int]e/s h gr[n up & to _! sup]position 9 moral exp]i5ce1 love w seem ! truly primitive & initiatory passion4 ,consci\sness1 amus$ ord9>ily by ! mo/ sup]ficial processes1 itself be>s witness to ! und]ly+ claims ( reproduction & is drawn by x = a mom5t into life's c5tral vortex2 & love1 :ile x betrays its deep roots by ! imp]ative =ce x ex]ts & ! sil5ce x imposes on all curr5t passions1 betrays also its ideal mission by ca/+ an altoge!r novel & poetic spell ov] ! m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,difficulty 9 describ+ love4 ,! consci\s quality ( ?is passion diff]s s mu* 9 v>i\s races & individuals1 & at v>i\s po9ts 9 ! same life1 t no acc\nt ( x w ev] satisfy ev]ybody4,a ,poets & noveli/s nev] tire ( depict+ x anew2 b al?\gh ! exp]i5ce !y tell ( is fre% & unp>allel$ 9 e individual1 _! r5d]+ suff]s1 on ! :ole1 f a great monotony4 ,love's ge/ure & symptoms are not$ & unv>y+2 its vocabul>y is poor & worn4 ,ev5 a poet1 !re=e1 c give ( love b a meagre expression1 :ile ! philosoph]1 :o r5\nces dramatic repres5tation1 is condemn$ to be av[$ly inadequate4 ,love1 to ! lov]1 is a noble & imm5se inspiration2 to ! naturali/ x is a ?9 veil & prelude to ! self-ass]tion ( lu/4 ,?is opposition has prev5t$ philosoph]s f do+ ju/ice to ! subject4 ,two ?+s ne$ to be admitt$ by anyone :o w\ld n g :olly a/ray 9 su* speculation3 "o1 t love has an animal basis2 ! o!r1 t x has an ideal object4 ,s9ce ^! two propositions h usually be5 ?\ght contradictory1 no writ] has v5tur$ to pres5t m ?an half ! tru?1 & t half out ( its true relations4 ,sid5ote3 ,"o-sid$ or inv]t$ !ories ab\t x4 ,plato1 :o gave eloqu5t expression to ! ideal burd5 ( ! passion1 & div9$ its political & cosmic message1 pass$ ov] its natural hi/ory ) a few my?ical fancies2 & ,s*op5hau]1 into ^: sy/em a naturali/ic treatm5t w\ld h fitt$ s easily1 all[$ 8 metaphysics to c>ry him at ?is po9t into v]bal inanities2 :ile1 ( c\rse1 l all pr(ane writ]s on ! subject1 he fail$ to appreciate ! oracles :i* ,plato _h deliv]$4 ,9 popul> feel+1 :]e s5tim5t & obs]vation mu/ bo? make !mselves felt someh[ or o!r1 ! t5d5cy is to imag9e t love is an absolute1 non-natural en]gy :i*1 = "s unkn[n reason1 or = none at all1 lights ^u p>ticul> p]sons1 & re/s !re et]nally1 z on its ultimate goal4 ,9 o!r words1 x makes ! orig9 ( love div9e & its object natural3 :i* is ! exact opposite ( ! tru?4 ,if x 7 once se51 h[ev]1 t e ideal expresses "s natural function1 & t no natural function is incapable1 9 its free ex]cise1 ( evolv+ "s ideal & f9d+ ju/ification1 n 9 "s collat]al animal1 b 9 an inh]5t op]ation l life or ?\ght1 :i* be+ transmissible 9 its =m is also et]nal1 !n ! philosophy ( love %\ld n prove p]man5tly b>r54 ,= love is a brilliant illu/ration ( a pr9ciple ev]y:]e discov]able3 namely1 t human reason lives by turn+ ! friction ( mat]ial =ces into ! light ( ideal goods4 ,!re c be no philosophic int]e/ 9 disguis+ ! animal basis ( love1 or 9 d5y+ its spiritual sublimations1 s9ce all life is animal 9 its orig9 & all spiritual 9 its possible fruits4 ,sid5ote3 ,sexual functions its basis4 ,pla/ic matt]1 9 transmitt+ its organisation1 takes v>i\s c\rses :i* x is ! "p ( natural hi/ory to describe4 ,ev5 aft] reproduction has become sexual1 x w (f] no basis = love if x does n require a union ( ! two p>5t bodies4 ,did g]m9al sub/ances1 unconsci\sly diffus$1 meet by *ance 9 ! ext]nal m$ium & unite !re1 x is obvi\s t :atev] obsessions or pleasures maturity might br+ !y w\ld n h ! quality :i* m5 call love4 ,b :5 an individual ( ! opposite sex mu/ be met )1 recognis$1 & pursu$1 & mu/ prove responsive1 !n ea* is haunt$ by ! possible o!r4 ,ea* feels 9 a g5]ic way ! pres5ce & attraction ( 8 fell[s2 he vibrates to _! t\*1 he dreams ( _! image1 he is re/less & wi/ful if alone4 ,:5 ! vague ne$ t solicits him is met by ! pres5ce ( a possible mate x is extraord9>ily k9dl$4 ,!n1 if x rea*es fruition1 x subsides imm$iately1 & aft] an int]val1 p]haps1 ( /upor & vital recup]ation1 ! animal rega9s 8 indep5d5ce1 8 peace1 & 8 imp>tial curiosity4 ,y might ?9k him on ! way to becom+ intellig5t2 b ! r5ew$ nutrition & crav+s ( ! sexual ma*9]y soon engross 8 att5tion aga92 all 8 sprightly indiff]5ce vani%es be=e nature's categorical imp]ative4 ,t fi]ce & turbid pleasure1 by :i* 8 ob$i5ce is rew>d$1 ha/5s 8 dissolution2 e day ! ensu+ lassitude & empt9ess give him a cle>] premonition ( dea?4 ,x is n figuratively only t 8 s\l has pass$ into 8 (fspr+4 ,! vocation to produce !m 0 a *ief "p ( 8 be+1 & :5 t function is suffici5tly fulfill$ he is sup]flu\s 9 ! _w & becomes p>tly sup]flu\s ev5 to himself4 ,! conf9es ( 8 dream are n>r[$4 ,he moves apa!tically & dies =lorn4 ,"s e*o ( ! vital rhy?m :i* p]vades n m]ely ! g5]ations ( animals1 b ! seasons & ! />s1 em]ges sometimes 9 consci\sness2 on rea*+ ! tropics 9 ! mortal ecliptic1 :i* ! human individual may t\* _m times )\t mu* *ange 9 8 out] =tunes1 ! s\l may occasionally div9e t x is pass+ ?r\gh a supreme crisis4 ,passion1 :5 vehem5t1 may br+ atavi/ic s5tim5ts4 ,:5 love is absolute x feels a pr(\nd impulse to welcome dea?1 & ev51 by a transc5d5tal confusion1 to invoke ! end ( ! univ]se4,b ,! human s\l rev]ts at su* a mom5t to :at an ephem]al insect might feel1 buzz+ till x f9ds its mate 9 ! noon4 ,its :ole de/9y 0 woo+1 &1 t mission accompli%$1 x s+s its ,nunc dimittis1 r5\nc+ he>tily all irrelevant ?+s1 n[ t ! "o fat$ & all-satisfy+ good has be5 a*iev$4 ,:]e p>5tal in/9cts exi/ also1 nature soon %ifts h] loom3 a mild] impulse succe$s1 & a satisfaction ( a g5tl] sort foll[s 9 ! bir? ( *ildr54 ,! transc5d5tal illusion is "h correct$1 & x is se5 t ! ext9ction ! lov]s _h accept$ ne$$ n to be complete4 ,! dea? !y welcom$ 0 n )\t its little resurrection4 ,! feeble worm !y _h g5]at$ bore _! immortality )9 x4 ,! v>ieties ( sexual economy are _m & to ea* may correspond1 = all we "k1 a special s5tim5t4 ,sometimes ! union e/abli%$ is int]mitt5t2 sometimes x cr[ns ! end ( life & dissolves x altoge!r2 sometimes x rema9s1 :ile x la/s1 monogam\s2 sometimes ! sexual & social al]tness is con/ant 9 ! male1 only p]iodic 9 ! female4 ,sometimes ! gr\p e/abli%$ = procreation endures ?r\gh\t ! seasons1 & f ye> to ye>2 sometimes ! males h]d toge!r1 z if normally !y pref]r$ _! own society1 until ! "t ( rut comes1 :5 w> arises betwe5 !m = ! possession ( :at !y h j discov]$ to be ! fair4 ,sid5ote3 ,/ructure ! gr\nd ( faculty & faculty ( duty4 ,a naturali/ n a%am$ to indulge 8 poetic imag9ation might easily pa9t = u ! drama ( ^! div]se loves4 ,x suffices = our purpose to obs]ve t ! v>y+ passions & duties :i* life c conta9 dep5d ^u ! organic functions ( ! animal4 ,a fi% incapable ( coition1 absolv$ f all c>e = its "y1 :i* x nev] sees or nev] di/+ui%es f ! casual swimm]s d>t+ across its pa?1 su* a fi%1 be+ )\t social faculties or calls to co-op]ation1 _c h ! in/9cts1 p]ceptions1 or emotions :i* belong to social be+s4 ,a male ( "s high] species t feels only once a ye> ! sudd5 solicitations ( love _c be s5tim5tal 9 all ! f\r seasons3 8 head-long passion1 exhau/$ ^u its pres5t object & dismiss$ at once )\t rema9d]1 leaves 8 s5ses p]fectly free & col\rless to scrut9ise 8 residual _w4 ,:atev] fur!r fe>s or desires may haunt him w h no?+ my/ical or s5tim5tal ab\t !m4 ,he w be a man ( bus9ess all ! ye> r\nd1 & a lov] only on ,may-day4 ,a female t does n suffice = ! re>+ ( h] "y w expect & normally receive h] mate's aid long aft] ! pleasures ( love are =gott5 by him4 ,dis9t]e/$ fidelity on 8 "p w !n be h] "r & 8 duty4 ,b a female t1 once pregnant1 ne$s1 l ! h51 no fur!r co-op]ation on ! male's "p w turn f him at once ) absolute indiff]5ce to brood p]petually on h] eggs1 undi/urb$ by ! lea/ s5se ( solitude or jeal\sy4 ,& ! *icks t at fir/ foll[ h] & f9d %elt] "u h] w+s w soon be =gott5 also & relegat$ to ! me*anical l&scape4 ,!re is no pa9 9 ! timely snapp+ ( ! de>e/ bonds :]e society has n become a p]man5t organism1 & p]petual fri5d%ip is n "o ( its possible modes4 ,transc5d5t & ideal passions may well judge !mselves to h an incomp>able dignity4 ,yet t dignity is h>dly m ?an :at e passion1 7 x articulate1 w\ld assign to itself & to its objects4 ,! dumbness ( a passion may accord+ly1 f "o po9t ( view1 be call$ ! index ( its bas5ess2 = if x _c ally itself ) ideas its aff9ities c h>dly lie 9 ! rational m9d nor its advocates be among ! poets4 ,b if we li/5 to ! ma/]-passion itself r ?an to ! loquaci\s arts x may h enli/$ 9 its s]vice1 we %all und]/& t x is n self-condemn$ because x is sil5t1 nor an anomaly 9 nature because inh>moni\s ) human life4 ,! fi%'s he>tlessness is 8 virtue2 ! male bee's lascivi\sness is 8 vocation2 & if ^! functions 7 retr5*$ or encumb]$ 9 ord] to assimilate !m to human excell5ce !y w\ld be m]ely dislocat$4 ,we %\ld n produce virtue :]e !re 0 vice1 b defeat a possible arrangem5t :i* w\ld h _h its own vitality & ord]4 ,sid5ote3 ,glory ( animal love4 ,animal love is a m>vell\s =ce2 & :ile x issues 9 acts t may be foll[$ by a revulsion ( feel+1 x yet des]ves a m sympa!tic treatm5t ?an art & morals h kn[n h[ to accord x4 ,erotic poets1 to hide _! want ( ability to make ! dumb passion speak1 h play$ feebly ) veil$ ins9uations & comic effects2 :ile m s]i\s sonnete]s h h>p$ exclusively on second>y & some:at lit]>y emotions1 ab/ractly conjugat+ ! v]b to love4 ,lucretius1 9 spite ( 8 didactic turns1 has be5 on ?is subject1 too1 ! mo/ +5u\s & magnific5t ( poets1 al?\gh he *ose to conf9e 8 description to ! ext]nal hi/ory ( sexual desire4 ,x is a pity t he did n turn1 ) 8 sublime s9c]ity1 to ! inn] side ( x also1 & write ! drama ( ! awak5$ s5ses1 ! poignant suasion ( beauty1 :5 x cl\ds ! bra91 & makes ! conv5tional e>?1 se5 ?r\gh t bright haze1 seem a sorry fable4 ,we/]n poets %\ld n h despis$ :at ! ,ori5tals1 9 _! fugitive /anzas1 seem (t5 to h sung mo/ exquisitely3 ! joy ( gaz+ on ! belov$1 ( foll[+ or be+ foll[$1 ( tacit und]/&+s & av[als1 ( flight toge!r into "s solitude to p x ) ^? ineffable confid5ces :i* s naturally foll[ ! outw>d pro(s ( love4 ,all ?is makes ! brighte/ page ( _m a life1 ! only bright page 9 ! ?9 biography ( _m a human animal2 :ile if ! bea/s c\ld speak !y w\ld give u1 no d\bt1 endless v]sions ( ! only joy 9 :i*1 z we may fancy1 ! blood ( ! univ]se fl[s consci\sly ?r\gh _! he>ts4 ,! d>kness :i* conv5tionally cov]s ?is passion is "o ( ! sadde/ consequ5ces ( ,adam's fall4 ,x 0 a t]rible mis=tune 9 man's developm5t t he %\ld n h be5 able to acquire ! high] functions )\t d]ang+ ! l[]4 ,:y %\ld ! dep?s ( 8 be+ be ?us pollut$ & ! mo/ delightful ( nature's my/]ies be an occasion n = communion ) h]1 z x %\ld h rema9$1 b = depravity & sorr[8 ,sid5ote3 ,its degradation :5 in/9cts become num]\s & competitive4 ,?is "q1 ask$ 9 moral p]plexity1 admits ( a sci5tific answ]4 ,man1 9 becom+ m complex1 becomes less /ably organis$4 ,8 sexual in/9ct1 in/ead ( be+ int]mitt5t1 b viol5t & boldly decl>$1 becomes practically con/ant1 b is entangl$ 9 _m cross-curr5ts ( desire1 9 _m o!r equally imp]fect adaptations ( /ructure to v>i\s ends4 ,indulg5ce 9 any impulse c !n easily become excessive & ?w>t ! re/2 = x may be ar\s$ artificially & ma9ta9$ f )\t1 s t 9 turn x di/urbs its neighb\rs4 ,sometimes ! sexual in/9ct may be /imulat$ out ( season by example1 by a too wakeful fancy1 by language1 by pride--= all ^! =ces are n[ work+ 9 ! same field & int]m+l+ _! sugge/ions4 ,at ! same "t ! same in/9ct may d]ange o!rs1 & make !m fail at _! prop] & press+ occasions4 ,sid5ote3 ,moral c5sure provok$4 ,9 consequ5ce ( su* d]angem5ts1 reflection & public op9ion w come to condemn :at 9 itself 0 p]fectly innoc5t4 ,! corruption ( a giv5 in/9ct by o!rs & ( o!rs by x1 becomes ! gr\nd = long attempts to suppress or enslave x4 ,) ! ha/e & =malism natural to language & to law1 ext]nal & arbitr>y limits are set to its op]ation4 ,z no inw>d adju/m5t c possibly correspond to ^! conv5tional b>ri]s & comp>tm5ts ( life1 a w> betwe5 nature & morality breaks out bo? 9 society & 9 ea* p>ticul> bosom--a w> 9 :i* e victory is a sorr[ & e defeat a di%on\r4 ,z "o in/9ct aft] ano!r becomes furi\s or disorganis$1 c[>dly or crim9al1 "u ^! artificial re/rictions1 ! public & private consci5ce turns aga9/ x all its =ces1 necess>ily )\t mu* nice discrim9ation2 ! frank passions ( y\? are met ) a grimace ( horror on all sides1 ) rumores s5um sev]iorum1 ) an insi/5ce on retic5ce & hypocrisy4 ,su* suppression is fav\rable to corruption3 ! fancy ) a sort ( idiotic +5uity comes to supply ! place ( exp]i5ce2 & nature is r5d]$ vici\s & ov]laid ) pruri5cy1 artifice1 & ! love ( novelty4 ,h]eupon ! au?orities t rule 9 su* matt]s naturally r$\ble _! vigilance & exagg]ate _! reasonable c5sure3 *a/ity beg9s to seem ess5tially holy & p]petual virg9ity ends by becom+ an absolute ideal4 ,?us ! disord] 9 man's life & disposition1 :5 gr[n intol]able1 leads him to condemn ! v elem5ts out ( :i* ord] might h be5 con/itut$1 & to mi/ake 8 total confusion = 8 total depravity4 ,sid5ote3 ,! he>t ali5at$ f ! _w4 ,bani%$ f ! op5 day1 cov]$ ) mock]y1 & publicly ignor$1 ?is necess>y pleasure fl\ri%es none ! less 9 d>k places & 9 ! secret s\l4 ,its famili> pres5ce !re1 its intimate habitation 9 :at is mo/ oneself1 helps to cut ! _w 9 two & to sep>ate ! inn] f ! out] life4 ,9 t my/icism :i* _c disguise its erotic aff9ities ?is disruption rea*es an absolute & !oretic =m2 b 9 _m a y\? little suspect$ ( my/icism x produces e/rangem5t f ! conv5tional moralis+ _w1 :i* he in/9ctively reg>ds z artificial & ali54 ,x prep>es him = excursions into a private fairy-l& 9 :i* un?\ght-( joys w blossom amid fri5dli] magic =ces4 ,! truly good !n seems to be ! fanta/ic1 ! s5su\s1 ! prodigally unreal4 ,he gladly =gets ! dre>y _w he lives 9 to li/5 = a ?\s& & "o nights to 8 dreams4 ,sid5ote3 ,*ildi% ideals4 ,?is is ! region :]e ^? :o h no conception ( ! ,life ( ,reason place ! ideal2 & an ideal is inde$ !re b ! ideal ( a s+le & inord9ate impulse4 ,a rational m9d1 on ! contr>y1 moves by pref]5ce 9 ! real _w1 cultivat+ all human int]e/s 9 due proportion4 ,! love-sick & luxuri\s dream-l& de> to irrational poets is a di/ort$ image ( ! ideal _w2 b ?is di/ortion has /ill an ideal motive1 s9ce x is made to satisfy ! crav+s ( a =gott5 "p ( ! s\l & to make a home = ^? elem5ts 9 human nature :i* h be5 d5i$ ov]t exi/5ce4 ,if ! ideal is meantime s sadly c>icatur$1 ! fault lies ) ! circum/ances ( life t h n all[$ ! sane w adequate ex]cise4 ,lack ( /r5g? & ( opportunity makes x impossible = man to pres]ve all 8 int]e/s 9 a j h>mony2 & 8 consci\s ideal1 spr++ up z x too (t5 does 9 prote/ aga9/ suff]+ & tyranny1 has n scope & range en\gh to include ! actual opportunities = action4 ,nature h]self1 by mak+ a slave ( ! body1 has ?us made a tyrant ( ! s\l4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! light all focuss$ on ! object ( love4 ,fairy-l& & a my/ical heav5 conta9 _m o!r factors besides t furni%$ by unsatisfi$ & objectless love4 ,all s5su\s & v]bal images may bre$ aft] _! own k9d 9 an empty bra92 b ^! fantasies are (t5 support$ & direct$ by sexual long+s & vaguely luxuri\s ?\ghts4 ,an ,ori5tal ,p>adise1 ) its delicate b m9dless /heticism1 is above ev]y?+ a g>d5 = love4 ,to brood on su* an ,elysium is a likely prelude & f]tile prep>ation = romantic passion4 ,:5 ! passion takes =m x calls fancy back f its loose rev]ies & fixes x ^u a s+le object4 ,!n ! ideal seems at la/ to h be5 br\ght d[n to e>?4 ,its embodim5t has be5 discov]$ among/ ! *ildr5 ( m54 ,imag9ation n>r[s h] range4 ,in/ead ( all sorts ( flatt]ies to s5se & improbable delici\s adv5tures1 ! lov] imag9es b a s+le joy3 to be ma/] ( 8 love 9 body & s\l4 ,jeal\sy pursues him4 ,ev5 if he dreads no physical betrayal1 he suff]s f t]ror & morbid s5sitiv5ess at e h9t ( m5tal e/rangem5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,?ree environm5ts = love4 ,?is atta*m5t is (t5 ! m absorb+ ! m unacc\ntable x seems2 & z 9 hypnotism ! subject is dead to all influ5ces b t ( ! op]ator1 s 9 love ! he>t surr5d]s itself entirely to ! "o be+ t has kn[n h[ to t\* x4 ,t be+ is n select$2 x is recognis$ & obey$4 ,pre-arrang$ reactions 9 ! sy/em respond to :atev] /imulus1 at a propiti\s mom5t1 happ5s to break ?r\gh & ar\se !m p]vasively4 ,nature has op5$ v>i\s av5ues to t passion 9 ^: successful op]ation %e has s mu* at /ake4 ,sometimes ! magic influ5ce ass]ts itself sudd5ly1 sometimes g5tly & unaw>es4 ,"o approa*1 :i* 9 poetry has usurp$ m ?an its %>e ( att5tion1 is ?r\gh beauty2 ano!r1 less glori\s1 b (t5 m efficaci\s1 ?r\gh surpris$ s5se & premonitions ( pleasure2 a ?ird ?r\gh social sympa?y & moral aff9ities4 ,contemplation1 s5se1 & association are none ( !m ! ess5ce nor ev5 ! se$ ( love2 b any ( !m may be its soil & supply x ) a propiti\s backgr\nd4 ,x w\ld be m]e sophi/ry to pret5d1 = in/ance1 t love is or %\ld be no?+ b a moral bond1 ! sympa?y ( two k9dr$ spirits or ! union ( two lives4 ,= su* an effect no passion w\ld be ne$$1 z none is ne$$ to p]ceive beauty or to feel pleasure4 ,:at ,ari/otle calls fri5d%ips ( utility1 pleasure1 or virtue1 all re/+ on common int]e/s ( "s imp]sonal sort1 are f> f possess+ ! quality ( love1 its ?rill1 flutt]1 & absolute sway ov] happ9ess & mis]y4 ,b x may well fall to su* influ5ces to awak5 or fe$ ! passion :]e x actually arises4 ,:atev] circum/ances pave ! way1 love does n itself appe> until a sexual aff9ity is decl>$4 ,:5 a woman1 = in/ance1 contemplat+ m>riage1 asks h]self :e!r %e really loves h] suitor or m]ely accepts him1 ! te/ is ! possibility ( awak5+ a sexual aff9ity4 ,= ?is reason wom5 ( ! _w (t5 love _! husb&s m truly ?an !y did _! lov]s1 because m>riage has evok$ an elem5t>y feel+ :i* be=e lay smo!r$ "u a heap ( coquetries1 vanities1 & conv5tions4 ,sid5ote3 ,subjectivity ( ! passion4 ,man1 on ! contr>y1 is polygam\s by in/9ct1 al?\gh (t5 kept fai?ful by habit no less ?an by duty4 ,if 8 fancy is left free1 x is apt to w&]4 ,we obs]ve ?is 9 romantic passion no less ?an 9 a life ( m]e gallantry & pleasure4 ,s5tim5tal illusions may become a habit1 & ! %ort] ! dream is ! m (t5 x is repeat$1 s t any susceptible poet may f9d t he1 l ,alfr$ de ,musset1 8mu/ love incessantly1 :o once has lov$40 ,love is inde$ mu* less exact+ ?an x ?9ks itself4 ,n9e-t5?s ( its cause are 9 ! lov]1 = "o-t5? t may be 9 ! object4 ,7 ! latt] n accid5tally at h&1 an almo/ id5tical passion w\ld probably h be5 felt = someone else2 = al?\gh ) acqua9tance ! quality ( an atta*m5t naturally adapts itself to ! p]son lov$1 & makes t p]son its /&>d & ideal1 ! fir/ assault & my/]i\s gl[ ( ! passion is mu* ! same = e object4 ,:at really affects ! "* ( love is ! lov]'s temp]am5t1 age1 & exp]i5ce4 ,! objects t appeal to ea* man reveal 8 nature2 b ^? unp>allel$ virtues & t unique div9ity :i* ! lov] discov]s !re are reflections ( 8 own adoration1 ?+s t ec/asy is v cunn+ 94 ,he loves :at he imag9es & wor%ips :at he creates4 ,sid5ote3 ,ma*9]y regulat+ *oice4 ,^? :o d n consid] ^! matt]s s curi\sly may feel t to ref] love 9 ?is way *iefly to inn] processes is at once ignom9i\s & fanta/ic4 ,b no?+ c\ld be m natural2 ! s\l accurately r5d]s1 9 ?is exp]i5ce1 :at is go+ on 9 ! body & 9 ! race4 ,nature _h a problem to solve 9 sexual reproduction :i* w\ld h daunt$ a less ru?less exp]im5t]4 ,%e _h to br+ toge!r automatically1 & at ! dictation1 z !y felt1 ( _! irresponsible wills1 j ! creatures t by unit+ might reproduce ! species4 ,! complete sexual reaction _h to be wov5 toge!r out ( _m incomplete reactions to v>i\s /imuli1 reactions n specifically sexual4 ,! out] s5ses _h to be engag$1 & _m second>y *>act]s f\nd 9 bodies _h to be us$ to attract att5tion1 until ! deep] in/9ctive response %\ld h "t to ga!r itself toge!r & ass]t itself op5ly4 ,_m me*anical pre=mations & reflexes mu/ conspire to con/itute a det]m9ate in/9ct4 ,we "n ?is in/9ct aft] its ultimate function1 look+ =w>d to ! uses we obs]ve x to h2 & x seems to u 9 consequ5ce an inexplicable anomaly t _m a "t ! in/9ct is set 9 motion :5 its alleg$ purpose _c be fulfill$2 z :5 love appe>s prematurely or too late1 or fixes ^u a creature ( ! wrong age or sex4 ,^! anomalies %[ u h[ nature is built up &1 f> f be+ inexplicable1 are h9ts t t5d to make ev]y?+ cle>1 :5 once a v]bal & my?ical philosophy has be5 ab&on$4 ,responses :i* we may call sexual 9 view ( results to :i* !y may ultimately lead are ?us (t5 q indep5d5t1 & exi/ be=e !y are drawn into ! vortex ( a complete & actually g5]ative act4 ,ext]nal /imulus & pres5t idea w consequ5tly be altoge!r inadequate to expla9 ! pr(\nd upheaval :i* may ensue1 if1 z we say1 we actually fall 9 love4 ,t ! s5ses %\ld be play$ ^u is no?+1 if no deep] reaction is ar\s$4 ,all dep5ds on ! juncture at :i*1 s to speak1 ! sexual circuit is complet$ & ! emotional curr5ts beg9 to circulate4 ,:atev] object1 at su* a critical mom5t1 fills ! field ( consci\sness becomes a signal & associate = ! :ole sexual mood4 ,x is brea?lessly dev\r$ 9 t pause & conc5tration ( att5tion1 t re>rangem5t ( ! s\l1 :i* love is conceiv$ 92 & ! :ole new life :i* t image is engulf$ 9 is fooli%ly suppos$ to be its effect4 ,= ! image is 9 consci\sness1 b n ! pr(\nd pr$ispositions :i* gave x place & p[]4 ,sid5ote3 ,! *oice un/able4 ,?is association betwe5 passion & its signals may be m]ely mom5t>y1 or x may be p]petual3 a ,don ,juan & a ,dante are bo? g5u9e lov]s4 ,9 a gay society ! gallant addresses e woman z if %e *>m$ him1 & p]haps actually f9ds any k9d ( beauty1 or m]e fem99ity any:]e1 a suffici5t spur to 8 desire4 ,^! mom5t>y fasc9ations are n necess>ily false3 !y may = an in/ant be q absorb+ & irresi/ible2 !y may g5u9ely suffuse ! :ole m9d4 ,su* m]curial fire w inde$ require a c]ta9 imag9ative temp]am5t2 & !re are _m p]sons :o1 %ort ( a life-long dome/ic atta*m5t1 c conceive ( no?+ b sordid vice4 ,b ev5 an incon/ant flame may burn brightly1 if ! s\l is naturally combu/ible4 ,inde$ ^! sp>ks & gl9ts ( passion1 j because !y come & v>y s quickly1 (f] admirable illu/rations ( x1 9 :i* x may be view$1 s to speak1 "u ! microscope & 9 its =mative /age4 ,?us ,plato did n hesitate to make ! love ( all w9es1 "u :atev] guise1 excuse1 or occasion1 ! te/ ( a true ta/e = w9e & an unfeign$ adoration ( ,bac*us2 &1 l ,lucretius aft] him1 he wittily compil$ a li/ ( names1 by :i* ! lov] w flatt] ! mo/ opposite qualities1 if !y only succe$ 9 ar\s+ 8 incl9ation4 ,to be omnivor\s is "o pole ( true love3 to be exclusive is ! o!r4 ,a man ^: he>t1 if ,i may say s1 lies deep]1 hidd5 "u a ?ick] coat ( mail1 w h less play ( fancy1 & w be f> f f9d+ e *>m *>m+1 or e sort ( beauty a /imulus to love4 ,yet he may n be less prone to ! t5d] passion1 & :5 once smitt5 may be s p5etrat$ by an unimag9$ t5d]ness & joy1 t he w decl>e himself incapable ( ev] lov+ aga91 & may actually be s4 ,hav+ no rivals & a deep] soil1 love c rip5 bett] 9 su* a con/ant _s2 x w n wa/e itself 9 a cont9ual patt] ( little pleasures & illusions4 ,b unless ! passion ( x is to die d[n1 x mu/ someh[ ass]t its univ]sality3 :at x loses 9 div]sity x mu/ ga9 9 applicability4 ,x mu/ become a pr9ciple ( action & an influ5ce col\r+ ev]y?+ t is dreamt (2 o!rwise x w\ld h lo/ its dignity & sunk into a dead memory or a dome/ic bond4 ,sid5ote3 ,in/9ctive ess5ce ( love4 ,true love1 x us$ to be said1 is love at fir/ sight4 ,mann]s h mu* to d ) su* incid5ts1 & ! race :i* happ5s to set1 at a giv5 "t1 ! fa%ion 9 lit]ature makes its temp]am5t public & ex]cises a sort ( contagion ov] all m5's fancies4 ,if wom5 are r>ely se5 & ord9>ily n to be spok5 to2 if all imag9ation has to build ^u is a furtive glance or casual motion1 p fall 9 love at fir/ sight4 ,= !y mu/ fall 9 love someh[1 & any /imulus is en\gh if none m p[]ful is =?com+4 ,:5 society1 on ! contr>y1 all[s con/ant & easy int]c\rse betwe5 ! sexes1 a fir/ impression1 if n re9=c$1 w soon be hidd5 & oblit]at$ by o!rs4 ,acqua9tance becomes necess>y = love :5 x is necess>y = memory4 ,b :at makes true love is n ! in=mation convey$ by acqua9tance1 n any circum/antial *>ms t may be !re9 discov]$2 x is /ill a deep & dumb in/9ctive aff9ity1 an inexplicable emotion seiz+ ! he>t1 an influ5ce organis+ ! _w1 l a lum9\s cry/al1 ab\t "o magic po9t4 ,s t al?\gh love seldom spr+s up sudd5ly 9 ^! days into any?+ l a full-bl[n passion1 x is sight1 x is pres5ce1 t makes 9 "t a conque/ ov] ! he>t2 = all virtues1 sympa?ies1 confid5ces w fail to move a man to t5d]ness & to wor%ip1 unless a poignant efflu5ce f ! object envelop him1 s t he beg9s to walk1 z x 71 9 a dream4 ,n to believe 9 love is a great sign ( dulness4 ,!re are "s p s indirect & lumb]+ t !y ?9k all real affection mu/ re/ on circum/antial evid5ce4 ,b a f9ely con/itut$ be+ is s5sitive to its deepe/ aff9ities4 ,?is is precisely :at ref9em5t consi/s 91 t we may feel 9 ?+s imm$iate & inf9itesimal a sure premonition ( ?+s ultimate & important4 ,f9e s5ses vibrate at once to h>monies :i* x may take long to v]ify2 s sight is f9] ?an t\*1 & ?\ght ?an s5sation4 ,well-br$ in/9ct meets reason half-way1 & is prep>$ = ! consonances t may foll[4 ,beautiful ?+s1 :5 ta/e is =m$1 are obvi\sly & unacc\ntably beautiful4 ,! gr\nds we may br+ ourselves to assign = our pref]5ces are discov]$ by analys+ ^? pref]5ces1 & articulate judgm5ts foll[ ^u emotions :i* !y ought to express1 b :i* !y sometimes sophi/icate4 ,s1 too1 ! reasons we give = love ei!r express :at x feels or else are ins9c]e1 attempt+ to ju/ify at ! b> ( reason & conv5tion some?+ :i* is f> m primitive ?an !y & und]lies !m bo?4 ,true in/9ct c disp5se ) su* excuses4 ,x appeals to ! ev5t & is ju/ifi$ by ! response :i* nature makes to x4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 f> f infallible2 x _c dom9ate circum/ances1 & has no discursive k2 b x is presumably true1 & :at x =ekn[s is always ess5tially possible4 ,unrealisable x may inde$ be 9 ! jumbl$ context ( ?is _w1 :]e ! ,fates1 l an abs5t-m9d$ pr9t]1 seldom all[ a s+le l9e to /& p]fect & unm>r$4 ,! pr(\nde/ aff9ities are ^? mo/ readily felt1 & ?\gh a ?\s& lat] consid]ations may ov]lay & ov]ride !m1 !y rema9 a backgr\nd & /&>d = all happ9ess4 ,if we trace !m out we succe$4 ,if we put !m by1 al?\gh 9 o!r respects we may call ourselves happy1 we inw>dly "k t we h dismiss$ ! ideal1 & all t 0 ess5tially possible has n be5 realis$4 ,love 9 t case /ill owns a hidd5 & pot5tial object1 & we sanctify1 p]haps1 :atev] k9dnesses or p>tialities we indulge 9 by a secret loyalty to some?+ imp]sonal & unse54 ,su* res]ve1 su* religion1 w\ld n h be5 necess>y _h ?+s respond$ to our fir/ expectations4 ,we might !n h id5tifi$ ! ideal ) ! object t happ5$ to call x =?4 ,! ,life ( ,reason might h be5 l$ in/9ctively1 & we might h be5 guid$ by nature h]self into ! ways ( peace4 ,sid5ote3 ,its ideality4 ,z x is1 circum/ances1 false /eps1 or ! m]e lapse ( "t1 =ce u to %uffle our affections & take !m z !y come1 or z we are suff]$ to indulge !m4 ,a "m is foll[$ by a boyi% fri5d1 a fri5d by a girl1 a girl by a wife1 a wife by a *ild1 a *ild by an idea4 ,a div9ity passes ?r\gh ^! v>i\s temples2 !y may all rema9 /&+1 & we may cont9ue our cult 9 !m )\t outw>d *ange1 long aft] ! god has fl$ f ! la/ into 8 native heav54 ,we may try to conv9ce ourselves t we h lo/ no?+ :5 we h lo/ all4 ,we may take com=t 9 prais+ ! mix$ & p]functory atta*m5ts :i* cl+ to u by =ce ( habit & duty1 repeat+ ! empty names ( creatures t h long ceas$ to be :at we once c\ld love1 & assur+ ourselves t we h rema9$ con/ant1 )\t admitt+ t ! _w1 :i* is 9 irrep>able flux1 has f ! fir/ be5 betray+ u4 ,a%am$ ( be+ s deeply deceiv$1 we may try to smile cynically at ! glory t once %one ^u u1 & call x a dream4 ,b cynicism is wa/$ on ! ideal4 ,!re is inde$ no idol ev] id5tifi$ ) ! ideal :i* hone/ exp]i5ce1 ev5 )\t cynicism1 w n "s day unmask & discr$it4 ,e real object mu/ cease to be :at x seem$1 & none c\ld ev] be :at ! :ole s\l desir$4 ,yet :at ! s\l desires is no?+ arbitr>y4 ,life is no objectless dream1 b cont9ually embodies1 ) v>y+ success1 ! pot5tialities x conta9s & t prompt desire4 ,ev]y?+ t satisfies at all1 ev5 if p>tially & = an in/ant1 ju/ifies aspiration & rew>ds x4 ,exi/5ce1 h[ev]1 _c be arre/$2 & only ! transmissible =ms ( ?+s c endure1 to mat* ! transmissible faculties :i* liv+ be+s h& d[n to "o ano!r4 ,! ideal is accord+ly significant1 p]petual1 & z con/ant z ! nature x expresses2 b x c nev] itself exi/1 nor c its p>ticul> embodim5ts endure4 ,sid5ote3 ,its univ]sal scope4 ,love is accord+ly only half an illusion2 ! lov]1 b n 8 love1 is deceiv$4 ,8 madness1 z ,plato taught1 is div9e2 = ?\gh x be folly to id5tify ! idol ) ! god1 fai? 9 ! god is inw>dly ju/ifi$4 ,t egregi\s idolatry may !re=e be int]pret$ ideally & giv5 a symbolic scope wor?y ( its natural causes & ( ! my/]y x comes to celebrate4 ,! lov] kn[s mu* m ab\t absolute good & univ]sal beauty ?an any logician or !ologian1 unless ! latt]1 too1 be lov]s 9 disguise4 ,logical univ]sals are t]ms 9 disc\rse1 )\t vital ideality1 :ile traditional gods are at be/ natural exi/5ces1 m or less indiff]5t facts4 ,:at ! lov] comes ^u1 on ! contr>y1 is truly p]suasive1 & witnesses to itself1 s t he wor%ips f ! he>t & beholds :at he wor%ips4 ,t ! true object is no natural be+1 b an ideal =m ess5tially et]nal & capable ( endless embodim5ts1 is f> f aboli%+ its wor?2 on ! contr>y1 ?is fact makes love ideally relevant to g5]ation1 by :i* ! human s\l & body may be = ev] r5ew$1 & at ! same "t makes x a ?+ = l>ge ?\ghts to be focuss$ ^u1 a ?+ repres5t+ all rational aims4 ,:5ev] ?is ideality is abs5t & a lov] sees no?+ 9 8 mi/ress b :at ev]yone else may f9d 9 h]1 lov+ h] hone/ly 9 h] unv>ni%$ & accid5tal p]son1 !re is a fri5dly & humor\s affection1 admirable 9 itself1 b no passion or bewit*m5t ( love2 %e is a memb] ( 8 gr\p1 n a _s 9 8 pan!on4 ,su* an affection may be altoge!r :at x %\ld be2 x may br+ a happ9ess all ! m /able because ! he>t is q :ole1 & no div9e %aft has pi]c$ x4 ,x is h>d to /an* w\nds inflict$ by a god4 ,! glance ( an ideal love is t]rible & glori\s1 =ebod+ dea? & immortality toge!r4 ,love c\ld n be call$ div9e )\t platitude if x reg>d$ no?+ b its nom9al object2 to be div9e x mu/ n envisage an accid5tal good b ! pr9ciple ( goodness1 t :i* gives o!r goods _! ultimate mean+1 & makes all functions useful4 ,love is a true natural religion2 x has a visible cult1 x is k9dl$ by natural beauties & b[s to ! be/ symbol x may f9d = its hope2 x sanctifies a natural my/]y2 &1 f9ally1 :5 und]/ood1 x recognises t :at x wor%ipp$ "u a figure 0 truly ! pr9ciple ( all good4 ,! l(tie/ edifices ne$ ! deepe/ f\ndations4 ,love w\ld nev] take s high a flight unless x sprung f some?+ pr(\nd & elem5t>y4 ,x is accord+ly mo/ truly love :5 x is irresi/ible & fatal4 ,! sub/ance ( all passion1 if we c\ld ga!r x toge!r1 w\ld be ! basis ( all ideals1 to :i* all goods w\ld h to ref]4 ,love actually accompli%es some?+ ( ! sort2 be+ primordial x und]lies o!r dem&s1 & c be :olly satisfi$ only by a happ9ess :i* is ultimate & compreh5sive4 ,lov]s are vividly aw>e ( ?is fact3 _! ideal1 app>5tly s in>ticulate1 seems to !m to include ev]y?+4 ,x %>es ! my/ical quality ( all primitive life4 ,sophi/icat$ p c h>dly und]/& h[ vague exp]i5ce is at bottom1 & h[ truly t vagu5ess supports :atev] cle>ness is aft]w>d atta9$4 ,!y cl+ to ! notion t no?+ c h a spiritual scope t does n spr+ f reflection4 ,b 9 t case life itself1 :i* br+s reflection ab\t1 w\ld nev] support spiritual int]e/s1 & all t is moral w\ld be unnatural & consequ5tly self-de/ructive4 ,9 tru?1 all spiritual int]e/s are support$ by animal life2 9 ?is ! g5]ative function is fundam5tal2 & x is !re=e no p>adox1 b some?+ altoge!r fitt+1 t if t function realis$ all x comprises1 no?+ human w\ld rema9 outside4 ,su* an ultimate fulfilm5t w\ld diff]1 ( c\rse1 f a fir/ satisfaction1 j z all t reproduction reproduces diff]s f ! reproductive function itself1 & va/ly exce$s x4 ,all organs & activities :i* are inh]it$1 9 a s5se1 gr[ out ( ! reproductive process & s]ve to clo! x2 s t :5 ! g5]ative en]gy is awak5$ all t c ev] be is virtually call$ up &1 s to speak1 made consci\sly pot5tial2 & love ye>ns = ! univ]se ( values4 ,sid5ote3 ,its eu?anasia4 ,?is secret is gradually reveal$ to ^? :o are inw>dly att5tive & all[ love to tea* !m some?+4 ,a man :o has truly lov$1 ?\gh he may come to recognise ! ?\s& incid5tal illusions into :i* love may h l$ him1 w n recant its ess5tial fai?4 ,he w keep 8 s5se = ! ideal & 8 p[] to wor%ip4 ,! fur!r objects by :i* ^! gifts w be ent]ta9$ w v>y ) ! situation4 ,a philosoph]1 a soldi]1 & a c\rtesan w express ! same religion 9 diff]5t ways4 ,9 =tunate cases love may glide imp]ceptibly into settl$ dome/ic affections1 giv+ !m h5ce=? a t\* ( ideality2 = :5 love dies 9 ! od\r ( sanctity p v5]ate 8 relics4 ,9 o!r cases allegiance to ! ideal may appe> m sull5ly1 break+ out 9 :ims1 or 9 little s5tim5tal practices :i* might seem half-conv5tional4 ,aga9 x may inspire a religi\s conv]sion1 *>itable works1 or ev5 arti/ic lab\rs4 ,9 all ^! ways p attempt m or less s]i\sly to lead ! ,life ( ,reason1 express+ outw>dly allegiance to :atev] 9 _! m9ds has come to /& = ! ideal4 ,if to create 0 love's impulse orig9ally1 to create is its ef=t /ill1 aft] x has be5 *a/5$ & has receiv$ "s rational ext5sion4 ,! ma*9]y :i* s]ves reproduction ?us f9ds k9dr$ b high] uses1 z e organ does 9 a lib]al life2 & :at ,plato call$ a desire = bir? 9 beauty may be sublimat$ ev5 m1 until x ye>ns = an ideal immortality 9 a transfigur$ _w1 a _w made wor?y ( t love :i* its *ildr5 h s (t5 lavi%$ on x 9 _! dreams4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,a3 ,! wide uses ( ! ,engli% ^w love add to ! difficulty4 ,i %all take ! lib]ty ( limit+ ! t]m "h to imag9ative passion1 to be+ 9 love1 exclud+ all o!r ways ( lov+4 ,x foll[s t love--l its %ad[1 jeal\sy--w (t5 be m]ely an +r$i5t 9 an actual /ate ( feel+2 fri5d%ip & confid5ce1 ) satisfaction at be+ lik$ 9 return1 w (t5 be m+l$ ) x4 ,we %all h to sep>ate physiologically ?+s :i* 9 consci\sness exi/ undivid$1 s9ce a philosophic description is b\nd to be analytic & _c r5d] ev]y?+ at once4 ,:]e a poet might conceive a new composite1 mak+ x live1 a morali/ mu/ dissect ! exp]i5ce & re/ 9 its et]nal elem5ts4 ,footnote ,b3 ,"o example1 among a ?\s&1 is ! cry ( ,siegfri$ & ,brnhilde 9 ,wagn]3 ,la*5d lass' uns v]d]b5 ,la*5d zu ,grunde geh'n4 ,fahr h91 ,walhall's ,leu*t5de ,welt6444 ,leb' wohl1 prag5de ,gtt] ,pra*t6 ,ende 9 ,wonne1 ,du ewig ,ges*le*t6 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,family ,sid5ote3 ,! family arises spontane\sly4 ,love is b a prelude to life1 an ov]ture 9 :i* ! !me ( ! imp5d+ "w is exquisitely h9t$ at1 b :i* rema9s nev]!less only a symbol & a promise4 ,:at is to foll[1 if all goes well1 beg9s pres5tly to appe>4 ,passion settles d[n into possession1 c\rt%ip into p>tn]%ip1 pleasure into habit4 ,a *ild1 half my/]y & half play?+1 comes to %[ u :at we h done & to make its consequ5ces p]petual4 ,we see t by indulg+ our incl9ations we h wov5 ab\t u a net f :i* we _c escape3 our *oices1 be>+ fruit1 beg9 to manife/ our de/9y4 ,t life :i* once seem$ to spread out inf9itely be=e u is n>r[$ to "o mortal c>e]4 ,we le>n t 9 morals ! inf9ite is a *im]a1 & t 9 accompli%+ any?+ def9ite a man r5\nces ev]y?+ else4 ,he sails h5ce=? = "o po9t ( ! compass4 ,sid5ote3 ,x h>monises natural int]e/s4 ,! family is "o ( nature's ma/]pieces4 ,x w\ld be h>d to conceive a sy/em ( in/9cts m nicely adju/$1 :]e ! con/itu5ts %\ld repres5t or support "o ano!r bett]4 ,! husb& has an int]e/ 9 protect+ ! wife1 %e 9 s]v+ ! husb&4 ,! weak] ga9s 9 au?ority & safety1 ! wild] & m unconc]n$ f9ds a help-mate at home to take ?\ght = 8 daily necessities4 ,p>5ts l5d *ildr5 _! exp]i5ce & a vic>i\s memory2 *ildr5 end[ _! p>5ts ) a vic>i\s immortality4 ,sid5ote3 ,capacity to be educat$ goes ) immaturity at bir?4 ,! long *ildhood 9 ! human race has made x possible & ne$ful to transmit acquir$ exp]i5ce3 possible1 because ! *ild's bra91 be+ immature1 all[s in/9cts & habits to be =m$ aft] bir?1 "u ! influ5ce ( t v environm5t 9 :i* !y are to op]ate2 & also ne$ful1 s9ce *ildr5 are long incapable ( provid+ = !mselves & compel _! p>5ts1 if ! race is n to die out1 to cont9ue _! c>e1 & to div]sify x4 ,to be born half-made is an imm5se advantage4 ,/ructure p]=m$ is =m$ bl9dly2 ! a priori is z dang]\s 9 life z 9 philosophy4 ,only ! cruel work+s ( compulsion & ext]m9ation keep :at is spontane\s 9 any creature h>moni\s ) ! _w x is call$ ^u to live 94 ,no?+ b casual v>iations c\ld p]man5tly improve su* a creature2 & casual v>iations w seldom improve x4 ,b if exp]i5ce c co-op]ate 9 =m+ in/9cts1 & if human nature c be p>tly a "w ( art1 ma/]y c be c>ri$ quickly to mu* great] l5g?s4 ,?is is ! secret ( man's pre-em95ce4 ,8 liquid bra9 is unfit = ye>s to control action advantage\sly4 ,he has an age ( play :i* is 8 appr5tice%ip2 & he is =m$ unaw>es by a s]ies ( selective exp]im5ts1 ( curi\s grop+s1 :ile he is /ill "u tutelage & suff]s little by 8 mi/akes4 ,sid5ote3 ,! naturally dull a*ieve intellig5ce4 ,_h all intellig5ce be5 develop$ 9 ! womb1 z x might h be51 no?+ ess5tial c\ld h be5 le>n$ aft]w>d4 ,mank9d w\ld h conta9$ no?+ b doctr9aires1 & ! arts w\ld h /ood /ill = ev]4 ,capacity to le>n comes ) dep5d5ce on education2 & z t animal :i* at bir? is mo/ incapable & immature is ! mo/ tea*able1 s too ^? human races :i* are mo/ precoci\s are mo/ incorrigible1 & :ile !y seem ! clev]e/ at fir/ prove ultimately ! lea/ intellig5t4 ,!y dep5d less on circum/ances1 b d n respond to !m s well4 ,9 "s nations ev]ybody is by nature s a/ute1 v]satile1 & sympa!tic t education h>dly makes any diff]5ce 9 mann]s or m9d2 & x is !re precisely t g5]ation1 foll[s g5]ation )\t ess5tial progress1 & no "o ev] remakes himself on a bett] plan4 ,x is p]haps ! dull] races1 ) a long *ildhood & a brood+ m9d1 t be> ! hopes ( ! _w )9 !m1 if only nature avails to execute :at %e has plann$ on s great a scale4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is m bless$ to save ?an to create4 ,g5]ation answ]s no actual dem& except t exi/+ 9 ! p>5ts1 & x e/abli%es a new dem& )\t gu>antee+ its satisfaction4 ,bir? is a b5efit only problematically & by anticipation1 on ! presumption t ! faculties newly embodi$ are to be ex]cis$ successfully4 ,! second function ( ! family1 to re>1 is !re=e high] ?an ! fir/4 ,to fo/] & p]fect a life aft] x has be5 awak5$1 to co-op]ate ) a w already laun*$ into ! _w1 is a positive good "w4 ,x has a moral quality & is n m]e vegetation2 = 9 express+ ! ag5t & giv+ him ideal employm5t1 x helps ! creature affect$ to employ itself bett]1 too1 & to f9d expression4 ,9 propagat+ & s[+ broadca/ prec>i\s be+s !re is f]tility only1 su* z plants & animals may h2 b !re is *>ity 9 fur!r+ :at is already root$ 9 exi/5ce & is /riv+ to live4 ,?is pr9ciple is /rik+ly illu/rat$ 9 religion4 ,:5 ! ,jews _h become spiritual !y gave ! "n ( ,fa!r to ,jehovah1 :o _h be=e be5 only ! ,"l ( ,armies or ! ar*itect ( ! cosmos4 ,a m]e s\rce ( be+ w\ld n des]ve to be call$ fa!r1 unless x %>$ its creatures' nature & !re=e _! int]e/s4 ,a deity n s mu* responsible = m5's exi/5ce or situation z solicit\s = _! welf>e1 :o piti$ a weakness he c\ld n h int5d$ & 0 pleas$ by a love he c\ld n comm&1 might appropriately be call$ a fa!r4 ,x !n becomes possible to conceive moral int]c\rse & mutual loyalty betwe5 ,god & man1 su* z ,hebrew religion s e>ne/ly insi/$ on2 = bo? !n h ! same int]e/s 9 ! _w & look t[>d ! same consummations4 ,s ! natural relations subsi/+ betwe5 p>5ts & *ildr5 become moral :5 x is n m]ely d]ivation t unites !m1 b community ( purpose4 ,! fa!r !n repres5ts 8 *ildr5 :ile !y are "u 8 tutelage1 & aft]w>d !y repres5t him1 c>ry+ on 8 arts & inh]it+ 8 m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>5tal in/9ct reg>ds *ildhood only4 ,^! arts 9 "s cases are little m ?an ret>d$ in/9cts1 faculties t rip5 late & t manife/ !mselves )\t special in/ruction :5 ! sy/em is mature4 ,s a bird fe$s h] "y until !y are fl$g$ & c provide = !mselves4 ,p>5tal functions 9 su* cases are limit$ to nurs+ ! extremely "y4 ,?is phase ( ! in/9ct1 be+ ! mo/ primitive & fundam5tal1 is mo/ to be reli$ ^u ev5 9 man4 ,especially 9 ! "m1 c>e = ! *ildr5's physical well-be+ is unfail+ to ! end4 ,%e und]/&s ! vegetative s\l1 & ! fir/ lisp+s ( s5se & s5tim5t 9 ! *ild h an absorb+ int]e/ = h]4 ,9 t region h] skill & delights are miracles ( nature2 b h] insight & ke5ness gradually fade z ! *ildr5 gr[ old]4 ,seldom is ! private & ideal life ( a "y son or daught] a matt] 9 :i* ! "m %[s p>ticul> tact or = :i* %e has in/9ctive respect4 ,ev5 r>] is any g5u9e community 9 life & feel+ betwe5 p>5ts & _! adult *ildr54 ,(t5 ! p>5t's influ5ce comes to be felt z a dead con/ra9t1 ! m cruel t x _c be ?r[n (f )\t unk9dness2 & :at makes ! p>5ts' claim at once unju/ & pa!tic is t x is f\nd$ on passionate love = a rememb]$ be+1 ! *ild once :olly !irs1 t no long] exi/s 9 ! man4 ,to tra9 "* & m9d w\ld seem to be a fa!r's natural (fice1 b z a matt] ( fact he commonly delegates t task to society4 ,! fl$gl+ v5tur+ = ! fir/ "t into ! air may le>n ( 8 fa!r & imitate 8 /yle ( flight2 b once laun*$ into ! op5 x w f9d ! :ole sky full ( possible ma/]s4 ,! "o ultimately *os5 w n necess>ily be ! ne>e/2 9 reason x %\ld be ! mo/ cong5ial1 f :om mo/ c be le>n$4 ,to *oose an imitable h]o is ! boy's fir/ act ( fre$om2 8 he>t gr[s by f9d+ its elective aff9ities1 & x gr[s mo/ away f home4 ,x w gr[ also by return+ !re1 :5 home has become a "p ( ! _w or a refuge f x2 b ev5 !n ! pr(\nde/ messages w come f religion & f solit>y dreams4 ,a consequ5ce is t p>5tal influ5ce1 to be p]man5t1 requires t ! family %\ld be h$g$ ab\t ) high b>ri]s & t ! fa!r he end[$ ) political & religi\s au?ority4 ,he c !n ex]cise ! imm5se influ5ce due to all tradition1 :i* he repres5ts1 & all law1 :i* he adm9i/]s2 b x is n 8 b>e in/9cts z a fa!r t give him ?is asc5d5cy4 ,x is a social sy/em t has delegat$ to him mo/ ( its functions1 s t all au?ority fl[s ?r\gh him1 & he retails ju/ice & k1 besides hold+ all weal? 9 8 h&4 ,:5 ! fa!r1 ap>t f ^! (ficial pr]ogatives1 is eag] & able to m\ld 8 *ildr5's m9ds1 a new relation half natural & half ideal1 :i* is fri5d%ip1 spr+s up betwe5 fa!r & son4 ,9 ?is ties ( blood m]ely furni% ! opportunity1 & :at *iefly c\nts is a moral impulse1 on ! "o side1 to beget *ildr5 9 ! _s1 & on ! o!r a y\?ful hung] = exp]i5ce & ideas4 ,sid5ote3 ,h&+ on ! tor* ( life4 ,if ,nunc dimittis is a psalm = love to s+1 x is ev5 m appropriate = p>5tal piety4 ,on see+ heirs & repres5tatives ( ours already 9 ! _w1 we are incl9$ to give !m place & tru/ !m to realise our foil$ ambitions4 ,!y1 we fancy1 w be m =tunate ?an we2 we %all h scre5$ !m f :atev] has mo/ maim$ our own lives4 ,_! pur] s\ls1 z we imag9e1 w rea* bett] ?+s ?an are n[ possible to ours1 di/ract$ & abus$ s long4 ,we commit ! blott$ manuscript ( our lives m will+ly to ! flames1 :5 we f9d ! immortal text already half engross$ 9 a fair] copy4 ,9 all ?is !re is und\bt$ly a measure ( illusion1 s9ce little cle> improvem5t is ord9>ily possible 9 ! _w1 & :ile our *ildr5 may improve ^u u 9 "s respects1 ! devil w cat* !m unprep>$ 9 ano!r qu>t]4 ,yet ! hope 9 "q is a transcript ( prim>y imp]sonal functions to :i* nature1 at c]ta9 levels1 limits ! animal w4 ,to keep life go+ 01 9 ! beg9n+1 ! sole triumph ( life4 ,ev5 :5 no?+ b reproduction 0 aim$ at or atta9$1 exi/5ce 0 made possible & ideally /able by secur+ s mu*2 & :5 ! ideal 0 enl>g$ s z to include tra9+ & re>+ ! new g5]ation1 life 0 ev5 bett] intr5*$ & protect$4 ,?\gh fur!r mat]ial progress may n be made easi] by ?is developm5t1 s9ce m dang]s become fatal z be+s gr[ complex & mutually dep5d5t1 a great /ep 9 moral progress has at any rate be5 tak54 ,9 itself1 a desire to see a *ild gr[ & prosp] is j z irrational z any o!r absolute desire2 b s9ce ! *ild also desires 8 own happ9ess1 ! *ild's w sanctions & supports ! fa!r's4 ,?us two irrationalities1 :5 !y conspire1 make "o rational life4 ,! fa!r's in/9ct & s5se ( duty are n[ v9dicat$ exp]im5tally 9 ! *ild's progress1 :ile ! son1 besides ! joy ( liv+1 has ! pi\s function ( satisfy+ 8 p>5t's hopes4 ,ev5 if life c\ld a*ieve no?+ m ?an ?is1 x w\ld h rea*$ some?+ pr(\ndly natural & p]fectly ideal4 ,9 patri>*al ages m5 feel x is en\gh to h inh]it$ _! human patrimony1 to h enjoy$ x1 & to h& x d[n unimpair$4 ,he :o is n *ildless goes d[n to 8 grave 9 peace4 ,reason may aft]w>d come to l>g] vi/as & m spiritual aims1 b ! pr9ciple ( love & responsibility w n be alt]$4 ,x w dem& t wills be made h>moni\s & satisfactions compatible4 ,sid5ote3 ,adv5titi\s functions assum$ by ! family4 ,life is exp]im5tal1 & :atev] p]=ms "s necess>y function1 & _c be disc>d$1 is a safe nucleus = _m a p>asite1 a />t+-po9t = _m new exp]im5ts4 ,s ! family1 9 s]v+ to keep ! race alive1 becomes a po9t ( dep>ture = _m in/itutions4 ,x assumes (fices :i* might h be5 allott$ to "s o!r ag5cy1 _h n ! family pre-empt$ !m1 pr(it+ by its e/abli%$ au?ority & annex+ !m to its doma94 ,9 no civilis$ community1 = in/ance1 has ! union ( man & wife be5 limit$ to its b>ely necess>y p]iod4 ,x has cont9u$ aft] ! family 0 re>$ & has rema9$ life-long2 x has commonly involv$ a common dwell+ & religion & (t5 common fri5ds & prop]ty4 ,aga91 ! *ildr5's emancipation has be5 put (f indef9itely4 ,! ,roman fa!r _h a p]petual jurisdiction & su* absolute au?ority t1 9 ! palmy days ( ! ,roman family1 no o!r subsi/$ ov] x4 ,he alone 0 a citiz5 & responsible to ! /ate1 :ile 8 h\sehold 7 subject to him 9 law1 z well z 9 prop]ty & religion4 ,9 simple rural communities ! family has (t5 be5 also ! *ief indu/rial unit1 almo/ all necess>ies be+ produc$ "u dome/ic economy4 ,sid5ote3 ,in]tia 9 human nature4 ,n[ ! in/9cts & delights :i* nature associates ) reproduction _c /ret* s f>4 ,_! magic fails1 & ! political & indu/rial family1 :i* /ill ?9ks itself natural1 is 9 tru? casual & conv5tional4 ,!re is no real in/9ct to protect ^? :o c already protect !mselves2 nor h !y any pr(it 9 obey+ nor1 9 ! end1 any duty to d s4 ,a patria pote/as mu* prolong$ or ext5d$ is !re=e an abuse & prolific 9 abuses4 ,! *iefta9's m9d1 n be+ rul$ by pat]nal in/9cts1 w pursue arbitr>y p]sonal ends1 & x is h>dly to be expect$ t 8 own weal? or p[] or ideal int]e/s w correspond ) ^? ( 8 subjects4 ,! gov]nm5t & sup]vision requir$ by adults is :at we call political2 x %\ld /ret* ov] all families alike4 ,to annex ?is political control to fa!rhood is to confess t social in/9ct is s+ul>ly b>r51 & t ! common m9d is n pla/ic en\gh to devise new organs appropriate to ! functions :i* a l>ge society involves4 ,aft] all1 ! family is an e>ly exp$i5t & 9 _m ways irrational4 ,if ! race _h develop$ a special sexless class to be nurses1 p$agogues1 & slaves1 l ! work]s among ants & bees1 & if lov]s _h nev] be5 ti$ toge!r by a bond less e!real ?an ideal passion1 !n ! family w\ld h be5 unnecess>y4 ,su* a division ( lab\r w\ld d\btless h involv$ evils ( its own1 b x w\ld h obviat$ "s drags & vexations prop] to ! family4 ,= we pay a high price = our conque/s 9 ?is qu>t]1 & ! sweets ( home are balanc$ n only by its t5d]] sorr[s1 b by a ?\s& artificial prejudices1 enmities1 & re/rictions4 ,x takes pati5ce to appreciate dome/ic bliss2 volatile spirits pref] unhapp9ess4 ,"y m5 escape z soon z !y c1 at lea/ 9 fancy1 into ! wide _w2 all prophets are homeless & all inspir$ arti/s2 philosoph]s ?9k out "s communism or o!r1 & monks put x 9 practice4 ,!re is inde$ no m irrational gr\nd = liv+ toge!r ?an t we h sprung f ! same lo9s4 ,!y say blood is ?ick] ?an wat]2 yet simil> =ces easily compete :ile dissimil> =ces may p]haps co-op]ate4 ,x is ! end t is sacr$1 n ! beg9n+4 ,a common orig9 unites reasonable creatures only if x involves common ?\ghts & purposes2 & ^! may b9d toge!r individuals ( ! mo/ remote races & ages1 :5 once !y h discov]$ "o ano!r4 ,x is difficulties ( access1 ignorance1 & mat]ial conf9em5t t %ut 9 ! he>t to its n>r[ loyalties2 & p]haps great] mobility1 sci5ce1 & ! m+l+ ( nations w "o day reorganise ! moral _w4 ,x 0 a pure spokesman ( ! _s :o said t :osoev] %\ld d ! w ( 8 ,fa!r :o 0 9 heav51 ! same 0 8 bro!r & si/] & "m4 ,sid5ote3 ,family tyrannies4 ,! family also p]petuates accid5tal social diff]5ces1 exagg]at+ & mak+ !m h]$it>y2 x ?us defeats t j moiety ( ! democratic ideal :i* dem&s t all m5 %\ld h equal opportunities4 ,9 human society *ance only decides :at education a man %all receive1 :at weal? & influ5ce he %all enjoy1 ev5 :at religion & pr(ession he %all adopt4 ,p %udd] at ! sy/em ( ca/es :i* prevails 9 ,india2 b is n e family a little ca/e8 ,0 a man assign$ to 8 family because he belong$ to x 9 _s1 or c he *oose ano!r8 ,half ! pot5tialities 9 ! human race are ?us /ifl$1 half its incapacities fo/]$ & made invet]ate4 ,! family1 too1 is l>gely responsible = ! fi]ce prejudices t prevail ab\t wom51 ab\t religion1 ab\t seemly occupations1 ab\t w>1 dea?1 & hon\r4 ,9 all ^! matt]s m5 judge 9 a bl9d way1 inspir$ by a fem99e passion t has no m]cy = any?+ t eludes ! traditional h\sehold1 n ev5 = its memb]s' s\ls4 ,sid5ote3 ,difficulty 9 ab/ract+ f ! family4 ,at ! same "t !re are insup]able difficulties 9 propos+ any sub/itute = ! family4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 all society at pres5t re/s on ?is in/itution1 s t we _c easily disc]n :i* ( our habits & s5tim5ts are p>cels ( x1 & :i* are atta*$ to x adv5titi\sly & h an indep5d5t basis4 ,a re=m] hew+ s ne> to ! tree's root nev] kn[s h[ mu* he may be fell+4 ,possibly 8 own ideal w\ld lose its secret support if :at x condemns _h :olly disappe>$4 ,= in/ance1 x is conceivable t a communi/1 aboli%+ ! family 9 ord] to make opportunities equal & remove ! m cruel inju/ices ( =tune1 might be dry+ up t milk ( human k9dness :i* _h f$ 8 own en?usiasm2 = ! f\ndl+s :i* he decre$ 7 to p ! e>? might at once dis[n all socialism & prove a brood ( inhuman egoi/s4 ,or1 z n :olly contemptible !ories h ma9ta9$1 x might happ5 t if fa!rs 7 reliev$ ( c>e = _! *ildr5 & *ildr5 ( all pat]nal suasion1 human virtue w\ld lose its two *ief /ays4 ,sid5ote3 ,possibility ( sub/itutes4 ,on ! o!r h&1 an opposite dang] is pres5t 9 ?is sort ( speculation4 ,?+s n[ associat$ ) ! family may n dep5d ^u x1 b might fl\ri% equally well 9 a diff]5t soil4 ,! family be+ ! e>lie/ & close/ society into :i* m5 ent]1 x assumes ! prim>y functions :i* all society c ex]cise4 ,possibly if any o!r in/itution _h be5 fir/ 9 ! field x might h _h a comp>able moral influ5ce4 ,"o ( ! great lessons1 = example1 :i* society has to tea* its memb]s is t society exi/s4 ,! *ild1 l ! animal1 is a colossal egoi/1 n f a want ( s5sibility1 b ?r\gh 8 deep transc5d5tal isolation4 ,! m9d is naturally its own _w & its solipsism ne$s to be brok5 d[n by social influ5ce4 ,! *ild mu/ le>n to sympa?ise intellig5tly1 to be consid]ate1 r ?an in/9ctively to love & hate3 8 imag9ation mu/ become cognitive & dramatically j1 in/ead ( rema9+1 z x naturally is1 s5sitively1 selfi%ly fanciful4 ,to break d[n transc5d5tal conceit is a function usually confid$ to ! family1 & yet ! family is n well fitt$ to p]=m x4 ,to mo!rs & nurses _! d>l+s are always exceptional2 ev5 fa!rs & bro!rs tea* a *ild t he is v diff]5t f o!r creatures & ( inf9itely great] consequ5ce1 s9ce he lies clos] to _! he>ts & may expect f !m all sorts ( fav\r+ s]vices4 ,! :ole h\sehold1 9 proportion z x spreads ab\t ! *ild a brood+ & indulg5t atmosph]e1 nurses wilfulness & illusion4 ,= ?is reason ! noble/ & happie/ *ildr5 are ^? br\ght up1 z 9 ,greece or ,engl&1 "u simple g5]al conv5tions by p]sons tra9$ & hir$ = ! purpose4 ,! be/ tra9+ 9 "* is f\nd 9 v l>ge families or 9 s*ools1 :]e boys educate "o ano!r4 ,priceless 9 ?is reg>d is a?letic ex]cise2 = "h ! te/ ( ability is visible1 ! comp>ison n odi\s1 ! ne$ ( co-op]ation cle>1 & ! consci\sness ( p[] g5u9e & !re=e ennobl+4 ,socratic dialectic is n a bett] means ( le>n+ to "k oneself4 ,su* self-k is objective & free f self-consci\sness2 x sees ! self 9 a g5]al m$ium & measures x by a g5]al law4 ,ev5 ! t5d]] associations ( home might1 "u o!r circum/ances1 atta* to o!r objects4 ,cons5sus ( op9ion has a di/ort+ effect1 sometimes1 on ideal values4 ,a ?+ :i* almo/ ev]yone agrees 9 priz+1 because x has play$ "s "p 9 e life1 t5ds to be valu$ above m important elem5ts 9 p]sonal happ9ess t may n h be5 %>$4 ,s weal?1 religion1 milit>y victory h m rhetorical ?an efficaci\s wor?4 ,! family might well be1 to "s ext5t1 a simil> idol ( ! tribe4 ,ev]yone has _h a fa!r & a "m2 b h[ _m h _h a fri5d8 ,ev]yone likes to rememb] _m a joy & ev5 sorr[ ( 8 y\? :i* 0 l9k$ ) family occasions2 b to "n a man's m private memories1 atta*$ to special surr\nd+s1 w\ld awak5 no response 9 o!r m9ds4 ,yet ^! o!r surr\nd+s may h be5 no less /imulat+ to emotion1 & if famili> to all might be spok5 ( ) z mu* conv5tional effect4 ,?is appe>s s soon z any exp]i5ce is diffus$ en\gh to enable a tradition to arise1 s t ! s5tim5t involv$ c f9d a social e*o4 ,?us !re is a loyalty1 v p[]ful 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s1 t[>d s*ool1 college1 club1 regim5t1 *ur*1 & c\ntry4 ,:o %all say t su* associations1 _h !y sprung up e>li] & be5 m zeal\sly cultivat$1 or 7 !y n[ re9=c$ by m g5]al sympa?y1 w\ld n bre$ all ! t5d]ness & infuse all ! moral =ce :i* mo/ m5 n[ d]ive f ! family8 ,sid5ote3 ,plato's h]oic communism4 ,nev]!less1 no sugge/$ sub/itute = ! family is 9 ! lea/ satisfactory4 ,plato's is ! be/ gr\nd$ 9 reason2 b to succe$ x w\ld h to c\nt on a degree ( virtue absolutely unprec$5t$ 9 man4 ,to be sure1 ! ,platonic regim51 if x dem&s h]oism = its inception1 provides 9 its sci5tific bre$+ & education a means ( mak+ h]oism p]petual4 ,b to submit to su* re=m+ regulations m5 w\ld fir/ h to be re=m$2 x w\ld n suffice1 z ,plato sugge/$1 m]ely to enslave !m & to introduce sci5tific in/itutions by despotic decrees4 ,= 9 su* a case !re w\ld be all mann] ( evasions1 rebellions1 & corruptions4 ,if m>riage f\nd$ on incl9ation & mutual cons5t is s (t5 brok5 surreptiti\sly or by op5 divorce1 :at %\ld we expect among/ p]sons unit$ & sep>at$ by gov]nm5tal policy8 ,! love ( home is a human in/9ct4 ,pr9ces :o m>ry = political reasons (t5 f9d a second h\sehold necess>y to _! happ9ess1 al?\gh e motive ( hon\r1 policy1 religion1 & patriotism makes ) ov]:elm+ =ce aga9/ su* irregul>ities2 & ! celibate prie/hood1 presumably tak+ its v[s freely & "u ! influ5ce ( religi\s zeal1 (t5 rev]t 9 practice to a sort ( natural m>riage4 ,x is true t ,plato's citiz5s 7 n to be celibates1 & ! s5ses w\ld h _h no j cause = rebellion2 b w\ld ! he>t h be5 satisfi$8 ,c\ld passion or habit submit to su* regulation8 ,ev5 :5 e concession is made to ! god-l simplicity & ard\r :i* t ,platonic race 0 to %[1 a great] difficulty appe>s4 ,app>5tly ! gu>dians & auxili>ies1 a small m9ority 9 ! /ate1 7 alone to submit to ?is regim53 ! re/ ( ! p1 slaves1 tradesm51 & =eign]s1 7 to live aft] _! own devices & 71 we may suppose1 to reta9 ! family4 ,s t1 aft] all1 ,plato 9 ?is matt] proposes little m ?an :at milit>y & mona/ic ord]s h actually done among ,*ri/ians3 to in/itute a privileg$ unm>ri$ class 9 ! mid/ ( an ord9>y community4 ,su* a proposal1 !re=e1 does n aboli% ! family4 ,sid5ote3 ,opposite mod]n t5d5cies4 ,^? =ms ( free love or facile divorce to :i* radical op9ion & practice incl9e 9 ^! days t5d to trans=m ! family )\t aboli%+ x4 ,_m unions might cont9ue to be la/+1 & ! *ildr5 9 any case w\ld rema9 ) "o or ! o!r p>5t4 ,! family has already suff]$ great] trans=mations ?an t sugge/$ by ?is sect4 ,polygamy p]si/s1 involv+ its own type ( morals & s5tim5t1 & savage tribes %[ ev5 m />tl+ conv5tions4 ,nor is x reasonable to dismiss all ideals b ! ,*ri/ian & !n invoke ,*ri/ian pati5ce to help u endure ! consequ5t evils1 :i* are ?us decl>$ to be normal4 ,no evil is normal4 ,( c\rse virtue is ! cure = e abuse2 b ! "q is ! true complexion ( virtue & ! regim5 ne$ful to produce x4 ,*ri/ianity1 ) its non-political & rem$ial prescriptions1 9 ! =m ( pray]1 p5ance1 & pati5ce1 has left ! causes ( e evil unt\*$4 ,x has s truly come to call ! s9n] to rep5tance t its occupation w\ld be gone if once ! s9 c\ld be aboli%$4 ,sid5ote3 ,individualism 9 a s5se rational4 ,:ile a desirable =m ( society entirely )\t ! family is h>d to conceive1 yet ! g5]al t5d5cy 9 hi/oric times1 & ! m>k$ t5d5cy 9 p]iods ( ripe developm5t1 has be5 t[>d individualism4 ,individualism is 9 "o s5se ! only possible ideal2 = :atev] social ord] may be mo/ valuable c be valuable only = its effect on consci\s individuals4 ,man is ( c\rse a social animal & ne$s society fir/ t he may come safely into be+1 & !n t he may h some?+ int]e/+ to d4 ,b society itself is no animal & has nei!r in/9cts1 int]e/s1 nor ideals4 ,to talk ( su* ?+s is ei!r to speak metaphorically or to ?9k my?ically2 & my?s1 ! m curr5cy !y acquire1 pass ! m easily into sup]/itions4 ,x w\ld be a gross & p$antic sup]/ition to v5]ate any =m ( society 9 itself1 ap>t f ! safety1 bread?1 or sweetness :i* x l5t to individual happ9ess4 ,if ! individual may be ju/ly subord9at$ to ! /ate1 n m]ely = ! sake ( a future fre] g5]ation1 b p]man5tly & 9 ! ideal society1 ! reason is simply t su* subord9ation is a "p ( man's natural devotion to ?+s rational & imp]sonal1 9 ! pres5ce ( :i* alone he c be p]sonally happy4 ,society1 9 its future & its pa/1 is a natural object ( int]e/ l art or sci5ce2 x exi/s1 l !m1 because only :5 lo/ 9 su* rational objects c a free s\l be active & immortal4 ,b all ^! ideals are t]ms 9 "s actual life1 n ali5 ends1 important to nobody1 to :i*1 not)/&+1 ev]ybody is to be sacrific$4 ,individualism is !re=e ! only ideal possible4 ,! excell5ce ( societies is measur$ by :at !y provide = _! memb]s4 ,a cumbr\s & sanctifi$ social ord] manife/s dulness1 & _c subsi/ )\t x4 ,x imm]ses man 9 in/rum5talities1 weighs him d[n ) atrophi$ organs1 & by subject+ him et]nally to fruitless sacrifices r5d]s him /upid & sup]/iti\s & ready to be himself tyrannical :5 ! opportunity occurs4 ,a sure sign ( hav+ escap$ b>b>ism is !re=e to feel ke5ly ! pragmatic values belong+ to all in/itutions1 to look deep into ! human sanctions ( ?+s4 ,greece 0 on ?is gr\nd m civilis$ ?an ,rome1 & ,a!ns m ?an ,sp>ta4 ,ill-gov]n$ communities may be m intellig5t ?an well-gov]n$ ones1 :5 p feel ! motive & p>tial advantage und]ly+ ! abuses !y tol]ate 7z happ5s :]e slav]y or nepotism is preval5t71 b :5 on ! o!r h& no reason is p]ceiv$ = ! good laws :i* are e/abli%$ 7z :5 law is bas$ on revelation74 ,! ef=t to adju/ old in/itutions sudd5ly to felt ne$s may n always be prud5t1 because ! ne$s mo/ felt may n be ! deepe/1 yet s f> z x goes ! ef=t is intellig5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,! family tam$4 ,! family 9 a b>b>\s age rema9s sacrosanct & traditional2 no?+ 9 its law1 mann]s1 or ritual is op5 to am5dm5t4 ,! unhapp9ess :i* may consequ5tly ov]take individuals is hu%$ up or positively blam$1 ) no ?\ght ( t9k]+ ) ! holy in/itutions :i* are its cause4 ,civilis$ m5 ?9k m & _c endure objectless tyrannies4 ,x is inevitable1 !re=e1 t z b>b>ism rec$es ! family %\ld become m s5sitive to its memb]s' p]sonal int]e/s4 ,husb& & wife1 :5 !y are happily mat*$1 are 9 lib]al communities m truly unit$ ?an be=e1 because su* clos] fri5d%ip expresses _! p]sonal incl9ation4 ,*ildr5 are /ill c>$ =1 because love ( !m is natural1 b !y are rul$ less & soon] suff]$ to *oose _! own associations4 ,!y are m l>gely giv5 9 *>ge to p]sons n belong+ to ! family1 especially fitt$ to supply _! education4 ,! :ole1 9 a ^w1 exi/s m & m = ! sake ( ! p>ts1 & ! clos5ess1 duration1 & scope ( family ties comes to v>y greatly 9 diff]5t h\seholds4 ,b>b>ic cu/om1 impos$ 9 all cases alike )\t respect ( p]sons1 yields to a regim5 t d>es to be ela/ic & w take pa9s to be j4 ,sid5ote3 ,possible readju/m5ts & rev]sions4 ,h[ f> ^! lib]ties %\ld ext5d & :]e !y w\ld pass into lic5se & und]m9e rational life1 is ano!r "q4 ,! pressure ( circum/ances is :at ord9>ily =ces gov]nm5ts to be absolute4 ,political lib]ty is a sign ( moral & economic indep5d5ce4 ,! family may safely weak5 its legal & cu/om>y au?ority s long z ! individual c support & satisfy himself4 ,*ildr5 evid5tly nev] c2 consequ5tly !y mu/ rema9 9 a family or 9 "s artificial sub/itute = x :i* w\ld be no less co]cive4 ,b to :at ext5t m5 & wom51 9 a future age1 may ne$ to rely on ties ( consangu9ity or m>riage 9 ord] n to gr[ solit>y1 purposeless1 & deprav$1 is = prophets only to pr$ict4 ,if *anges cont9ue 9 ! pres5t direction mu* t is n[ 9 bad od\r may come to be accept$ z normal4 ,x might happ51 = in/ance1 z a consequ5ce ( woman's indep5d5ce1 t mo!rs alone %\ld be _! *ildr5's gu>dians & sole mi/resses 9 _! h\ses2 ! husb&1 if he 7 ackn[l$g$ at all1 hav+ at mo/ a pecuni>y responsibility = 8 (fspr+4 ,su* an arrangem5t w\ld make a /able home = ! *ildr51 :ile leav+ m>riage dissoluble at ! w ( ei!r p>ty4 ,x may well be d\bt$1 h[ev]1 :e!r wom51 if giv5 e enc\ragem5t to e/abli% & protect !mselves1 w\ld n 9 ! end fly aga9 into man's arms & pref] to be drudges & mi/resses at home to liv+ discipl9$ & subm]g$ 9 "s l>g] community4 ,inde$1 ! effect ( wom5's emancipation might well prove to be ! opposite ( :at 0 int5d$4 ,really free & equal competition betwe5 m5 & wom5 might r$uce ! weak] sex to su* graceless inf]iority t1 depriv$ ( ! def]5ce & fav\r !y n[ enjoy1 !y %\ld f9d !mselves entirely )\t influ5ce4 ,9 t case !y w\ld h to beg9 aga9 at ! bottom & appeal to arts ( s$uction & to m5's fondness 9 ord] to rega9 _! lo/ social position4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ideal includes g5]ation4 ,!re is a c]ta9 ord] 9 progress :i* x is impossible to retract4 ,an advance mu/ n subv]t its own basis nor revoke ! int]e/ :i* x fur!rs4 ,:ile hung] subsi/s ! art ( pl\gh+ is rational2 _h agriculture aboli%$ appetite x w\ld h de/roy$ its own rationality4 ,simil>ly no /ate ( society is to be reg>d$ z ideal 9 :i* ^? bodily functions are suppos$ to be susp5d$ :i* creat$ ! ideal by sugge/+ _! own p]fect ex]cise4 ,if old age & dea? 7 aboli%$1 reproduction1 inde$1 w\ld become unnecess>y3 its pleasures w\ld cease to *>m ! m9d1 & its results--pregnancy1 *ild-bir?1 infancy--w\ld seem positively horrible4 ,b s long z reproduction is necess>y ! ideal ( life mu/ include x4 ,o!rwise we %\ld be con/ruct+ n an ideal ( life b "s dream ( non-human happ9ess1 a dream ^: only remnant ( ideality w\ld be borr[$ f su* actual human functions z x /ill express$ indirectly4 ,! true ideal mu/ speak = all necess>y & compatible functions4 ,man be+ an inevitably reproductive animal 8 reproductive function mu/ be includ$ 9 8 p]fect life4 ,sid5ote3 ,inn] values already lodg$ 9 ?is function4 ,n[1 any function to rea* p]fection x mu/ fulfil two conditions3 x mu/ be delightful 9 itself1 end[+ its occasions & results ) ideal int]e/1 & x mu/ also co-op]ate h>moni\sly ) all o!r functions s t life may be pr(itable & happy4 ,9 ! matt] ( reproduction nature has already fulfill$ ! fir/ ( ^! conditions 9 its ess5tials4 ,x has inde$ sup]-abundantly fulfill$ !m1 & n only has love appe>$ 9 man's s\l1 ! type & symbol ( all vital p]fection1 b a t5d]ness & *>m1 a pa?os pass+ into ! franke/ joy1 has be5 spread ov] pregnancy1 bir?1 & *ildhood4 ,if _m pangs & te>s /ill prove h[ t5tative & viol5t1 ev5 "h1 are nature's mo/ brilliant feats1 sci5ce & k9dness may /rive n unsuccessfully to dim9i% or aboli% ^? pr(\nd traces ( evil4 ,b reproduction w n be p]fectly organis$ until ! second condition is fulfill$ z well1 & "h nature has z yet be5 m remiss4 ,family life1 z ,we/]n nations possess x1 is /ill regulat$ 9 a v bungl+1 pa9ful1 & un/able mann]4 ,h5ce1 9 ! fir/ rank ( evils1 pro/itution1 adult]y1 divorce1 improvid5t & unhappy m>riages2 & 9 ! second rank1 a morality compact$ ( ?ree inh>moni\s p>ts1 ) incompatible ideals1 ea* 9 its way legitimate3 ,i mean ! ideals ( passion1 ( conv5tion1 & ( reason2 add1 besides1 g5ius & religion ?w>t$ by family ties1 s+le lives empty1 w$d$ lives con/ra9$1 a %all[ gallantry1 & a dull virtue4 ,sid5ote3 ,outw>d b5efic5ce might be secur$ by exp]im5t4 ,h[ to surr\nd ! natural sanctities ( w$lock ) wise cu/om & law1 h[ to comb9e ! maximum ( spiritual fre$om ) ! maximum ( moral cohesion1 is a problem = exp]im5t to solve4 ,x _c be solv$1 ev5 ideally1 9 a ,utopia4 ,= ea* int]e/ 9 play has its rights & ! prophet nei!r kn[s :at int]e/s may at a giv5 future "t subsi/ 9 ! _w1 nor :at relative =ce !y may h1 nor :at me*anical conditions may control _! expression4 ,! /atesman 9 8 sph]e & ! individual 9 8 mu/ f9d1 z !y g1 ! be/ practical solutions4 ,all t c be indicat$ be=eh& is ! pr9ciple :i* improvem5ts 9 ?is in/itution w\ld comply ) if !y 7 really improvem5ts4 ,!y w\ld re=m & p]fect ! function ( reproduction )\t disc>d+ x2 !y w\ld ma9ta9 ! family unless !y c\ld devise "s in/itution t comb9$ intr9sic & repres5tative values bett] ?an does t natural artifice1 & !y w\ld reca/ ei!r ! in/9cts or ! laws conc]n$1 or bo? simultane\sly1 until ! family ceas$ to cla% s]i\sly ) any ( ^! ?ree ?+s3 natural affection1 rational nurture1 & moral fre$om4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,indu/ry1 ,,gov]nm5t1 ,,& ,,w> ,sid5ote3 ,patri>*al economy4 ,we h se5 t ! family1 an association useful 9 re>+ ! "y1 may become a means ( fur!r ma9t5ance & def5ce4 ,x is ! fir/ economic & ! fir/ milit>y gr\p4 ,*ildr5 become s]vants1 & s]vants1 be+ adopt$ & br\ght up 9 ! family1 become l o!r *ildr5 & supply ! family's gr[+ wants4 ,x 0 no small "p ( ! extraord9>y long+ = prog5y %[n by patri>*al man t *ildr5 7 weal?1 & t by cont9u+ 9 life-long subjection to _! fa!r !y l5t pre/ige & p[] to 8 old age4 ,! daught]s drew wat]1 ! wives & concub9es spun1 wove1 & prep>$ food4 ,a great family 0 a great e/ate4 ,x 0 augm5t$ fur!r by %eep1 goats1 asses1 & cattle4 ,?is num]\s h\sehold1 b\nd toge!r by p]sonal au?ority & by common =tunes1 0 suffici5t to c>ry on _m rude indu/ries4 ,x w&]$ f pa/ure to pa/ure1 practis$ hospitality1 wat*$ ! />s1 & seems 7at lea/ 9 poetic retrospect7 to h be5 n unhappy4 ,a ,roman adage has decl>$ t to "k ! _w "o h\sehold suffices2 & "o patri>*al family1 9 its simplicity & gr&eur1 seems to h giv5 scope en\gh = almo/ all human virtues4 ,& ^? e>ly m51 z ,vico says1 7 sublime poets4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( ! /ate4 ,nev]!less1 su* a condition c only subsi/ 9 des]ts :]e ^? :o try to till ! soil _c gr[ /rong en\gh to ma9ta9 !mselves aga9/ m>aud+ h]dsm54 ,:5ev] agriculture yields bett] returns & makes ! husb&man ri* en\gh to support a protector1 patri>*al life disappe>s4 ,! fix$ occupation ( l& turns a tribe into a /ate4 ,plato has giv5 ! classic acc\nt ( su* a passage f idyllic to political conditions4 ,gr[? 9 population & 9 requirem5ts =ces an ,arcadian community to encroa* ^u its neighb\rs2 ?is encroa*m5t means w>2 & w>1 :5 !re are fields & gran>ies to protect1 & slaves & artisans to keep at _! dome/ic lab\rs1 means =tifications1 an army1 & a g5]al4 ,& to mat* ! army 9 ! field ano!r mu/ be ma9ta9$ at home1 compos$ ( judges1 prie/s1 build]s1 cooks1 b>b]s1 & doctors4 ,su* is ! inception ( :at1 9 ! lit]al s5se ( ! ^w1 may be call$ civilisation4 ,sid5ote3 ,?ree uses ( civilisation4 ,civilisation secures ?ree *ief advantages3 great] weal?1 great] safety1 & great] v>iety ( exp]i5ce4 ,:e!r1 9 spite ( ?is1 !re is a real--t is1 a moral--advance is a "q impossible to answ] (f-h&1 because weal?1 safety1 & v>iety are n absolute goods1 & _! value is great or small accord+ to ! fur!r values !y may help to secure4 ,?is is obvi\s 9 ! case ( ri*es4 ,b safety also is only good :5 !re is some?+ to pres]ve bett] ?an c\rage1 & :5 ! prolongation ( life c s]ve to int5sify its excell5ce4 ,an animal's exi/5ce is n improv$ :5 made safe by imprisonm5t & dome/ication2 x is only degrad$ & r5d]$ passive & melan*oly4 ,! human savage likewise craves a fre$om & _m a dang] inconsi/5t ) civilisation1 because indep5d5t ( reason4 ,he does n yet id5tify 8 int]e/s ) any p]si/5t & ideal h>monies creat$ by reflection4 ,& :5 reflection is abs5t1 l5g? ( life is no b5efit3 a quick succession ( g5]ations1 ) a small *ance ( rea*+ old age1 is a beautiful ?+ 9 purely animal economy1 :]e vig\r is ! greate/ joy1 propagation ! highe/ function1 & decrepitude ! sorrie/ woe4 ,! value ( safety1 accord+ly1 hangs on ! "q :e!r life has become reflective & rational4 ,b ! fact t a /ate arises does n 9 itself imply rationality4 ,x makes rationality possible1 b leaves x pot5tial4 ,sid5ote3 ,its rationality cont+5t4 ,simil> consid]ations apply to v>iety4 ,to increase ! numb] ( in/9cts & functions is probably to produce confusion & to augm5t t second>y & rev]b]at+ k9d ( evil :i* consi/s 9 expect+ pa9 & regrett+ mis=tune4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a p]fect life c\ld nev] be accus$ ( monotony4 ,all desirable v>iety lies )9 ! circle ( p]fection4 ,?us we d n tire ( possess+ two legs nor wi%1 = ! sake ( v>iety1 to be occasionally lunatics4 ,accord+ly1 an increase 9 v>iety ( function is a good only if a unity c /ill be secur$ embrac+ t v>iety2 o!rwise x w\ld h be5 bett] t ! irrelevant function %\ld h be5 develop$ by indep5d5t individuals or %\ld n h aris5 at all4 ,! function ( see+ d\ble adds m to ! v>iety ?an to ! spice ( life4 ,:e!r civilisation is a bless+ dep5ds1 !n1 on its ult]ior uses4 ,judg$ by ^? int]e/s :i* already exi/ :5 x arises1 x is v likely a burd5 & oppression4 ,! birds' in/9ctive economy w\ld n be b5efit$ by a tax-ga!r]1 a recruit+-s]geant1 a sect or two ( !ologians1 & ! o!r usual organs ( human polity4 ,= ! ,life ( ,reason1 h[ev]1 civilisation is a necess>y condition4 ,al?\gh animal life1 )9 man & beyond him1 has its wild beauty & my/ic ju/ifications1 yet t specific =m ( life :i* we call rational1 & :i* is no less natural ?an ! re/1 w\ld nev] h aris5 )\t an expansion ( human faculty1 an increase 9 m5tal scope1 = :i* civilisation is necess>y4 ,weal?1 safety1 v>iety ( pursuits1 are all requisite if memory & purpose are to be tra9$ increas+ly1 & if a /eadfa/ art ( liv+ is to sup]v5e ^u in/9ct & dream4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\rces ( weal?4 ,weal? is itself expressive ( reason = x arises :5ev] m51 in/ead ( do+ no?+ or beat+ ab\t casually 9 ! _w1 take to ga!r+ fruits ( nature :i* !y may h uses = 9 future1 or fo/]+ _! gr[?1 or actually contriv+ _! appe>ance4 ,su* is man's fir/ indu/rial habit1 se5 9 graz+1 agriculture1 & m9+4 ,among nature's products are also ^? ( man's own purposeless & imitative activity1 results ( 8 idle +5uity & re/lessness4 ,"s ( ^!1 l nature's o!r r&om creations1 may *ance to h "s utility4 ,!y may !n become conspicu\s to reflection1 be /r5g!n$ by ! relations :i* !y e/abli% 9 life1 & be h5ce=? call$ works ( human art4 ,!y !n con/itute a second indu/rial habit & t o!r sort ( ri*es :i* is suppli$ by manufacture4 ,sid5ote3 ,excess ( x possible4 ,! am\nt ( weal? man c produce is app>5tly limit$ only by "t1 inv5tion1 & ! mat]ial at h&4 ,x c v easily exce$ 8 capacity = enjoym5t4 ,z ! habits :i* produce weal? 7 orig9ally spontane\s & only cry/allis$ into reasonable processes by mutual *ecks & ! gradual settl+ d[n ( ! organism into h>moni\s action1 s also ! same habits may outrun _! uses4 ,! ma*9]y to produce weal?1 ( :i* man's own en]gies h become a "p1 may well "w on irrespective ( happ9ess4 ,inde$1 ! indu/rial ideal w\ld be an int]national community ) univ]sal free trade1 extreme division ( lab\r1 & no unproductive consumption4 ,su* an arrangem5t w\ld und\bt$ly produce a maximum ( ri*es1 & any objections made to x1 if intellig5t1 mu/ be made on o!r ?an univ]sal economic gr\nds4 ,free trade may be oppos$1 = in/ance 7:ile patriotism takes ! invidi\s =m ( jeal\sy & :ile peace is n secure71 on ! gr\nd t x int]f]es ) ve/$ int]e/s & settl$ populations or ) national complet5ess & self-suffici5cy1 or t absorption 9 a s+le indu/ry is unfav\rable to intellectual life4 ,! latt] is also an obvi\s objection to any great division ( lab\r1 ev5 9 lib]al fields2 :ile any man ) a t5d] he>t & traditional prejudices might hesitate to condemn ! irresponsible ri* to ext9ction1 toge!r ) all paup]s1 my/ics1 & old maids liv+ on annuities4 ,su* attacks on indu/rialism1 h[ev]1 are m]e skirmi%es & express prejudices ( "o sort or ano!r4 ,! =midable judgm5t indu/rialism has to face is t ( reason1 :i* dem&s t ! increase & specification ( lab\r be ju/ifi$ by b5efits some:]e actually realis$ & integrat$ 9 individuals4 ,weal? mu/ ju/ify itself 9 happ9ess4 ,someone mu/ live bett] = hav+ produc$ or enjoy$ ^! possessions4 ,& he w\ld n live bett]1 ev5 grant+ t ! possessions 7 9 !mselves advantages1 if ^! advantages 7 b\ght at too high a price & remov$ o!r great] opportunities or b5efits4 ,! belle mu/ n sit s long pr9k+ be=e ! glass z to miss ! p>ty1 & man mu/ n "w s h>d & burd5 himself ) s _m c>es z to h no brea? or int]e/ left = ?+s free & intellectual4 ,"w & life too (t5 are contra/$ & complem5t>y ?+s2 b !y w\ld n be contra/$ nor ev5 sep>able if "w 7 n s]vile1 = ( c\rse man c h no life save 9 occupation1 & 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 faculties2 contemplation itself c deal only ) :at practice conta9s or discloses4 ,b ! pursuit ( weal? is a pursuit ( in/rum5ts4 ,! division ( lab\r :5 extreme does viol5ce to natural g5ius & oblit]ates natural di/9ctions 9 capacity4 ,:at is prop]ly call$ indu/ry is n art or self-ju/ify+ activity1 b on ! contr>y a di/9ctly compulsory & m]ely in/rum5tal lab\r1 :i* if ju/ifi$ at all mu/ be ju/ifi$ by "s ult]ior advantage :i* x secures4 ,9 reg>d to su* in/rum5tal activities ! "q is always p]t95t :e!r !y d n produce m ?an is useful1 or prev5t ! exi/5ce ( some?+ t is intr9sically good4 ,sid5ote3 ,irrational indu/ry4 ,occid5tal society has evid5tly run 9 ?is direction into great abuses1 complicat+ life prodigi\sly )\t ennobl+ ! m9d4 ,x has put into ri* m5's h&s facilities & luxuries :i* !y trifle ) )\t a*iev+ any dignity or true magnific5ce 9 liv+1 :ile ! poor1 if physically m com=table ?an =m]ly1 are n meantime notably wis] or m]ri]4 ,ideal di/9ction has be5 sacrific$ 9 ! be/ m51 to add mat]ial com=ts to ! wor/4 ,?+s1 z ,em]son said1 are 9 ! saddle & ride mank9d4 ,! means cr[d out ! ends & civilisation rev]ts1 :5 x lea/ ?9ks x1 to b>b>ism4 ,sid5ote3 ,its jovial & +5i\s side4 ,! acceptable side ( indu/rialism1 :i* is suppos$ to be inspir$ exclusively by utility1 is n utility at all b pure a*ievem5t4 ,if we wi% to d su* an age ju/ice we mu/ judge x z we %\ld a *ild & praise its feats )\t inquir+ aft] its purposes4 ,t is its own _s3 a _s dom9ant at ! pres5t "t1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,am]ica1 :]e indu/rialism appe>s mo/ free f alloy4 ,!re is a curi\s delight 9 turn+ ?+s ov]1 *ang+ _! %ape1 discov]+ _! possibilities1 mak+ ( !m "s new contrivance4 ,use1 9 ^! exp]im5tal m9ds1 z 9 nature1 is only incid5tal4 ,!re is an irrational creative impulse1 a ze/ 9 novelty1 9 progression1 9 beat+ ! o!r man1 or1 z !y say1 9 break+ ! record4 ,!re is also a fasc9ation 9 see+ ! _w unbosom itself ( anci5t secrets1 obey man's coax+1 & take on unhe>d-( %apes4 ,! highe/ build+1 ! l>ge/ /eam]1 ! fa/e/ tra91 ! book rea*+ ! wide/ circulation h1 9 ,am]ica1 a cle> title to respect4 ,:5 ! j functions ( ?+s are z yet n discrim9at$1 ! sup]lative 9 any direction seems naturally admirable4 ,aga91 _m possessions1 if !y d n make a man bett]1 are at lea/ expect$ to make 8 *ildr5 happi]2 & ?is pa!tic hope is beh9d _m ex]tions4 ,an exp]im5tal mat]ialism1 spontane\s & divorc$ f reason & f ev]y?+ useful1 is also confus$ 9 "s m9ds ) traditional duties2 & a s*ool ( popul> hi]ophants is n lack+ t turns x into a sort ( religion & p]haps calls x idealism4 ,impulse is m visible 9 all ?is ?an purpose1 imag9ation m ?an judgm5t2 b x is pleasant = ! mom5t to ab\nd 9 inv5tion & ef=t & to let ! future ca% ! acc\nt4 ,sid5ote3 ,its tyranny4 ,weal? is excessive :5 x r$uces a man to a middleman & a jobb]1 :5 x prev5ts him1 9 8 preoccupation ) mat]ial ?+s1 f mak+ 8 _s ! measure ( !m4 ,!re are ,nibelung5 :o toil und]gr\nd ov] a gold !y w nev] use1 & 9 _! obsession ) production begrudge !mselves all holidays1 all concessions to incl9ation1 to m]rim5t1 to fancy2 nay1 !y w\ld ev5 curtail z mu* z possible ! free ye>s ( _! y\?1 :5 !y might see ! blue1 be=e r5d]+ up _! s\ls to ! ,levia?an4 ,visible signs ( su* unreason soon appe> 9 ! rel5tless & hide\s aspect :i* life puts on2 = ^? in/rum5ts :i* someh[ emancipate !mselves f _! uses soon become hateful4 ,9 nature irresponsible wildness c be turn$ to beauty1 because e product c be recompos$ into "s ab/ract manife/ation ( =ce or =m2 b ! mon/r\s 9 man himself & 9 8 works imm$iately (f5ds1 = "h ev]y?+ is expect$ to symbolise its moral relations4 ,! irrational 9 ! human has some?+ ab\t x altoge!r repulsive & t]rible1 z we see 9 ! maniac1 ! mis]1 ! drunk>d1 or ! ape4 ,a b>b>ic civilisation1 built on bl9d impulse & ambition1 %\ld fe> to awak5 a deep] dete/ation ?an c\ld ev] be ar\s$ by ^? m beautiful tyrannies1 *ivalr\s or religi\s1 aga9/ :i* pa/ revolutions h be5 direct$4 ,sid5ote3 ,an impossible rem$y4 ,bo? ! sordidness & ! luxury :i* indu/rialism may involve1 c\ld be rem$i$1 h[ev]1 by a bett] di/ribution ( ! product4 ,! ri*es n[ creat$ by lab\r w\ld probably n s]i\sly debau* mank9d if ea* man _h only 8 %>e2 & su* a proportionate return w\ld enable him to p]ceive directly h[ f> 8 int]e/s requir$ him to employ himself 9 mat]ial production & h[ f> he c\ld all[ himself leisure = spontane\s ?+s--religion1 play1 art1 /udy1 conv]sation4 ,9 a _w compos$ entirely ( philosoph]s an h\r or two a day ( manual lab\r--a v welcome quantity--w\ld provide = mat]ial wants2 ! re/ c\ld !n be all ! m compet5tly d$icat$ to a lib]al life2 = a heal?y s\l ne$s matt] q z mu* = an object ( int]e/ z = a means ( su/5ance4 ,b philosoph]s d n yet p nor ev5 gov]n ! _w1 & s simple a ,utopia :i* reason1 if x _h direct efficacy1 w\ld long ago h r$uc$ to act1 is made impossible by ! cross-curr5ts ( in/9ct1 tradition1 & fancy :i* v>i\sly deflect affairs4 ,sid5ote3 ,basis ( gov]nm5t4 ,:at are call$ ! laws ( nature are s _m obs]vations made by man on a way ?+s h ( repeat+ !mselves by reply+ always to _! old causes & nev]1 z reason's prejudice w\ld expect1 to _! new opportunities4 ,?is in]tia1 :i* physics regi/]s 9 ! fir/ law ( motion1 natural hi/ory & psy*ology call habit4 ,habit is a physical law4 ,x is ! basis & =ce ( all morality1 b is n morality itself4 ,9 society x takes ! =m ( cu/om :i*1 :5 codifi$1 is call$ law & :5 en=c$ is call$ gov]nm5t4 ,gov]nm5t is ! political repres5tative ( a natural equilibrium1 ( cu/om1 ( in]tia2 x is by no means a repres5tative ( reason4 ,b1 l any me*anical complication1 x may become rational1 & _m ( its =ms & op]ations may be def5d$ on rational gr\nds4 ,all natural organisms1 f protoplasm to poetry1 c ex]cise c]ta9 ideal functions & symbolise 9 _! /ructure c]ta9 ideal relations4 ,protoplasm t5ds to propagate itself1 & 9 s do+ may turn into a consci\s ideal ! end x already t5ds to realise2 b !re c\ld be no desire = self-pres]vation 7 !re n already a self pres]v$4 ,s gov]nm5t c by its exi/5ce def9e ! commonweal? x t5ds to pres]ve1 & its acts may be approv$ f ! po9t ( view ( ^? ev5tual int]e/s :i* !y satisfy4 ,b gov]nm5t nei!r subsi/s nor arises because x is good or useful1 b solely because x is inevitable4 ,x becomes good 9 s f> z ! inevitable adju/m5t ( political =ces :i* x embodies is also a j provision = all ! human int]e/s :i* x creates or affects4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ rationality accrues4 ,suppose a cold & hungry savage1 fail+ to f9d b]ries & game en\gh 9 ! woods1 %\ld desc5d into "s mead[ :]e a flock ( %eep 7 graz+ & p\nce ^u a lame lamb :i* c\ld n run away ) ! o!rs1 te> its fle%1 suck up its blood1 & dress himself 9 its sk94 ,all ?is c\ld n be call$ an affair und]tak5 9 ! %eep's int]e/4 ,& yet x might well conduce to _! int]e/ 9 ! end4 ,= ! savage1 f9d+ himself soon hungry aga91 & insuffici5tly w>m 9 t scanty g>m5t1 might attack ! flock a second "t1 & !reby beg9 to accu/om himself1 & also 8 delight$ family1 to a new & m sub/antial sort ( raim5t & diet4 ,suppose1 n[1 a pack ( wolves1 or a second savage1 or a disease %\ld attack ^? unhappy %eep4 ,w\ld n _! primeval enemy def5d !m8 ,w\ld he n h id5tifi$ himself ) _! int]e/s to ?is ext5t1 t _! total ext9ction or discomfiture w\ld al>m him also8 ,& 9 s f> z he provid$ = _! well-be+1 w\ld he n h become a good %eph]d8 ,if1 n[1 "s philosophic we!r1 a lov] ( 8 k9d1 reason$ ) 8 fell[s ^u ! *ange 9 _! condition1 he might %udd] inde$ at ^? e>ly episodes & at ! contribution ( lambs & fleeces :i* w\ld n cease to be levi$ by ! new gov]nm5t2 b he might also consid] t su* a contribution 0 no?+ 9 comp>ison ) :at 0 =m]ly exact$ by wolves1 diseases1 fro/s1 & casual robb]s1 :5 ! flock 0 mu* small] ?an x _h n[ gr[n to be1 & mu* less able to )/& decimation4 ,& he might ev5 h conceiv$ an admiration = ! rem>kable wisdom & beauty ( t great %eph]d1 dress$ 9 su* a weal? ( wool2 & he might rememb] pleasantly "s occasional c>ess receiv$ f him & ! daily tr\gh fill$ ) wat] by 8 provid5tial h&4 ,& he might n be f> f ma9ta9+ n only ! rational orig91 b ! div9e "r ( %eph]ds4 ,su* a savage enemy1 incid5tally turn$ into a useful ma/]1 is call$ a conqu]or or k+4 ,only 9 human exp]i5ce ! case is n s simple & h>mony is seldom e/abli%$ s quickly4 ,! hi/ory ( ,asia is replete ) examples ( conque/ & extortion 9 :i* a rural population liv+ 9 comp>ative pl5ty is attack$ by "s m f]oci\s neighb\r :o1 aft] a r\nd ( pillage1 e/abli%es a q unnecess>y gov]nm5t1 rais+ taxes & soldi]s = purposes absolutely remote f ! conqu]$ p's int]e/s4 ,su* a gov]nm5t is no?+ b a *ronic raid1 mitigat$ by ! desire to leave ! inhabitants prosp]\s en\gh to be cont9ually despoil$ afre%4 ,ev5 ?is modicum ( protection1 h[ev]1 c e/abli% a c]ta9 moral bond betwe5 rul] & subject2 an intellig5t gov]nm5t & an intellig5t fealty become conceivable4 ,sid5ote3 ,f]oci\s b useful despotisms4 ,n only may ! e/abli%$ rgime be sup]ior to any o!r t c\ld be sub/itut$ = x at ! "t1 b "s security aga9/ total de/ruction1 & a c]ta9 opportunity = ! arts & = p]sonal advancem5t may foll[ subjugation4 ,a mod]ate decrease 9 p]sonal indep5d5ce may be comp5sat$ by a novel public gr&eur2 palace & temple may make am5ds = hovels some:at m squalid ?an be=e4 ,h5ce1 ^? :o _c conceive a rational polity1 or a co-op]ative greatness 9 ! /ate1 especially if !y h a luxuri\s fancy1 c take pleasure 9 despotism2 = x does n1 aft] all1 make s mu* diff]5ce to an ord9>y fool :e!r :at he suff]s f is ano!r's oppression or 8 own lazy improvid5ce2 & he c console himself by say+ ) ,goldsmi?3 ,h[ small1 ( all t human he>ts endure1 ,! "p :i* laws or k+s c cause or cure4 ,at ! same "t a c\rt & a hi]>*y1 ) _! int]e/+ pomp & hi/oric cont9uity1 ) _! comb9$ appeal to gre$ & imag9ation1 r$eem human exi/5ce f p]vasive vulg>ity & all[ somebody at lea/ to /rut pr\dly ov] ! e>?4 ,s]fs are n 9 a worse mat]ial condition ?an savages1 & _! spiritual opportunities are inf9itely great]2 = _! eye & fancy are f$ ) visions ( human greatness1 & ev5 if !y _c improve _! outw>d e/ate !y c possess a poetry & a religion4 ,x suffices to wat* an ,ori5tal rabble at pray]1 or li/5+ 9 pr(\nd immobility to "s w&]+ /ory-tell] or musician1 to feel h[ mu* su* a p may h to rum9ate ^u1 & h[ truly ,arabian days & ,arabian ,nights g toge!r4 ,! ideas evolv$ may be wild & futile & ! emotions savagely s5su\s1 yet !y con/itute a fund ( inn] exp]i5ce1 a ri* soil = bett] imag9ative gr[?s4 ,to su* ,ori5tal cogitations1 = in/ance1 c>ri$ on "u ! %ad[ ( uncontrollable despotisms1 mank9d owes all its great] religions4 ,a gov]nm5t's orig9 has no?+ to d ) its legitimacy2 t is1 ) its repres5tative op]ation4 ,an absolutism bas$ on conque/ or on religi\s fraud may :olly lose its ho/ile function4 ,x may become ! nucleus ( a national organisation express+ ju/ly en\gh ! p's requirem5ts4 ,su* a repres5tative "* is h>d] to atta9 :5 ! gov]nm5t is =eign1 = div]sity 9 race language & local ties makes ! rul] less apt involunt>ily to repres5t 8 subjects2 8 measures mu/ subs]ve _! int]e/s int5tionally1 out ( sympa?y1 policy1 & a s5se ( duty1 virtues :i* are seldom efficaci\s = any cont9u\s p]iod4 ,a native gov]nm5t1 ev5 if bas$ on initial outrage1 c m easily drift into excell5ce2 = :5 a great man m\nts ! ?rone he has only to read 8 own s\l & foll[ 8 in/9ctive ambitions 9 ord] to make himself ! lead] & spokesman ( 8 nation4 ,an ,alex&]1 an ,alfr$1 a ,pet] ! ,great1 are examples ( p]sons :o ) v>y+ degrees ( virtue 7 repres5tative rul]s3 _! policy1 h[ev] irrationally inspir$1 happ5$ to s]ve _! subjects & ! _w4 ,besides1 a native gov]nm5t is less easily absolute4 ,_m influ5ces control ! rul] 9 8 aims & habits1 su* z religion1 cu/om1 & ! v language he speaks1 by :i* praise & blame are assign$ automatically to ! objects lov$ or hat$ by ! p4 ,he _c1 unless he be an int5tional mon/]1 oppose himself :olly to ! common s\l4 ,sid5ote3 ,occasional advantage ( be+ conqu]$4 ,= ?is v reason1 h[ev]1 native gov]nm5ts are little fitt$ to r$eem or trans=m a p1 & all great upheavals & reg5]ations h be5 br\ght ab\t by conque/1 by ! sub/itution ( "o race & _s = ano!r 9 ! c\nsels ( ! _w4 ,:at ! ,ori5t owes to ,greece1 ! ,occid5t to ,rome1 ,india to ,engl&1 native ,am]ica to ,spa91 is a civilisation incomp>ably bett] ?an t :i* ! conqu]$ p c\ld ev] h provid$ = !mselves4 ,conque/ is a good means ( reca/+ ^? ideals1 p]haps impracticable & ignorant1 :i* a native gov]nm5t at its be/ w\ld try to pres]ve4 ,su* inapt ideals1 x is true1 w\ld d\btless remodel !mselves if !y c\ld be p>tly realis$4 ,progress f )9 is possible1 o!rwise no progress w\ld be possible = humanity at l>ge4 ,b conque/ gives at once a fre] field to ^? types ( polity :i*1 s9ce !y g ) /r5g?1 presumably repres5t ! bett] adju/m5t to natural conditions1 & !re=e ! bett] ideal4 ,?\gh ! sub/ance ( ideals is ! w1 _! m\ld mu/ be exp]i5ce & a true disc]nm5t ( opportunity2 s t :ile all ideals1 reg>d$ 9 vacuo1 are equal 9 ideality1 !y are1 "u giv5 circum/ances1 v div]se 9 wor?4 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( free gov]nm5ts4 ,:5 n f\nd$ on conque/1 :i* is ! usual s\rce ( despotism1 gov]nm5t is ord9>ily bas$ on traditional au?ority ve/$ 9 eld]s or patri>*al k+s4 ,?is is ! orig9 ( ! classic /ate1 & ( all ari/ocracy & fre$om4 ,! economic & political unit is a great h\sehold ) its "l1 8 wife & *ildr51 cli5ts & slaves4 ,9 ! int]/ices ( ^! h\seholds !re may be a c]ta9 float+ residuum--fre$m51 artisans1 m]*ants1 /rang]s4 ,^! p1 :ile free1 are )\t su* rights z ev5 slaves possess2 !y h no %>e 9 ! religion1 education1 & res\rces ( any e/abli%$ family4 ,= purposes ( def5ce & religion ! heads ( h\ses ga!r toge!r 9 assemblies1 elect or recognise "s *ief1 & agree ^u laws1 usually little m ?an extant cu/oms regulat$ & =mally sanction$4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! democratic t5d5cies4 ,su* a /ate t5ds to exp& 9 two directions4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x becomes m democratic2 t is1 x t5ds to recognise o!r influ5ces ?an t :i* heads ( families--patres conscripti--possess4 ,! p )\t su* fa!rs1 ^? :o are n patricians1 also h *ildr5 & come to imitate on a small] scale ! patri>*al economy4 ,^! plebeians are admitt$ to citiz5%ip4 ,b !y h no su* religi\s dignity & p[] 9 _! little families z ! patricians h 9 !irs2 !y are sc>cely bett] ?an loose individuals1 repres5t+ no?+ b _! own sweet wills4 ,?is individualism & levity is n1 h[ev]1 conf9$ to ! plebeians2 x ext5ds to ! patrician h\ses4 ,individualism is ! second direction 9 :i* a patri>*al society yields to innovation4 ,z ! /ate gr[s ! family weak5s2 & :ile 9 e>ly ,rome1 = in/ance1 only ! pat] familias 0 responsible to ! city1 & 8 *ildr5 & slaves only to him1 9 ,greece we f9d f e>ly times individuals call$ to acc\nt be=e public judges4 ,a f$]ation ( h\seholds ?us became a republic4 ,! k+1 t *ief :o enjoy$ a c]ta9 h]$it>y prec$5ce 9 sacrifices or 9 w>1 yields to elect$ g5]als & magi/rates ^: p[]1 :ile x la/s1 is mu* great]2 = no o!r comp>able p[] n[ subsi/s 9 ! levell$ /ate4 ,mod]n ,europe has se5 an almo/ p>allel developm5t ( democracy & individualism1 toge!r ) ! e/abli%m5t ( great artificial gov]nm5ts4 ,?\gh ! feudal hi]>*y 0 orig9ally bas$ on conque/ or dome/ic subjection1 x came to h a fanciful or *ivalr\s or political =ce4 ,b gradually ! plebeian classes--! burgh]s--grew 9 importance1 & milit>y allegiance 0 weak5$ by be+ divid$ betwe5 a numb] ( sup]pos$ lords1 up to ! k+1 emp]or1 or pope4 ,! /rong] rul]s grew into absolute mon>*s1 repres5tatives ( great /ates1 & ! p became1 9 a political s5se1 a comp>atively level multitude4 ,:]e p>liam5t>y gov]nm5t 0 e/abli%$ x became possible to subord9ate or exclude ! mon>* & 8 c\rt2 b ! gov]nm5t rema9s an involunt>y in/itution1 & ! individual mu/ adapt himself to its exig5cies4 ,! *ur* :i* once ov]%ad[$ ! /ate has n[ lo/ its co]cive au?ority & ! s+le man /&s alone be=e an imp]sonal writt5 law1 a con/itutional gov]nm5t1 & a widely diffus$ & contagi\s public op9ion1 *>act]is$ by enorm\s in]tia1 incoh]5ce1 & bl9dness4 ,contempor>y national units are /rongly m>k$ & /imulate on occasion a p]f]vid artificial patriotism2 b !y are /rangely unrepres5tative ( ei!r p]sonal or univ]sal int]e/s & may yield 9 turn to new comb9ations1 if ! indu/rial & intellectual solid>ity ( mank9d1 e day m obvi\s1 ev] f9ds a fit organ to express & to def5d x4 ,sid5ote3 ,imp]ial peace4 ,a despotic milit>y gov]nm5t f\nd$ on ali5 =ce & aim+ at its own magnific5ce is (t5 m effici5t 9 def5d+ its subjects ?an is a gov]nm5t express+ only ! p's en]gies1 z ! pr$atory %eph]d & 8 dog prove bett] gu>dians = a flock ?an its own we!rs4 ,! robb]s t at _! fir/ incursion br\ght t]ror to m]*ant & peasant may become almo/ imm$iately repres5tative organs ( society--an army & a judici>y4 ,disputes betwe5 subjects are naturally submitt$ to ! invad]1 "u ^: laws & good-w alone a practical settlem5t c n[ be effect$2 & ?is ali5 tribunal1 be+ exempt f local prejudices & int]e/$ 9 peace t taxes may be undim9i%$1 may adm9i/] a comp>atively imp>tial ju/ice1 until corrupt$ by bribes4 ,! con/ant comp5sation tyranny br+s1 :i* keeps x f at once exhau/+ its victims1 is ! sil5ce x imposes on _! private squabbles4 ,"o di/ant univ]sal enemy is less oppressive ?an a ?\s& un*eck$ pilf]]s & plott]s at home4 ,= ?is reason ! read] ( anci5t hi/ory s (t5 has occasion to rem>k :at imm5se prosp]ity ,asiatic prov9ces enjoy$ betwe5 ! p]iods :5 _! successive conqu]ors deva/at$ !m4 ,!y fl\ri%$ exce$+ly ! mom5t peace & a c]ta9 ord] 7 e/abli%$ 9 !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,nom9al & real /atus ( armies4 ,tyranny n only protects ! subject aga9/ 8 k9sm51 ?us tak+ on ! functions ( law & police1 b x also protects him aga9/ milit>y invasion1 & ?us takes on ! function ( an army4 ,an army1 consid]$ ideally1 is an organ = ! /ate's protection2 b x is f> f be+ su* 9 its orig91 s9ce at fir/ an army is no?+ b a rav5\s & lu/y horde qu>t]$ 9 a conqu]$ c\ntry2 yet ! co/ ( su* an incubus may come to be reg>d$ z an insurance aga9/ fur!r attack1 & s :at is 9 its real basis an inevitable burd5 result+ f a *ance balance ( =ces may be ju/ifi$ 9 aft]-?\ght z a rational device = def5sive purposes4 ,su* an ult]ior ju/ification has no?+ to d1 h[ev]1 ) ! causes t ma9ta9 armies or milit>y policies3 & accord+ly ^? virg9al m9ds t ?9k ?+s orig9at$ 9 ! uses !y may h acquir$1 h frequ5t cause to be pa9$ & p]plex$ at ! abuses & ov]-developm5t ( milit>ism4 ,an insurance capitalis$ may exce$ ! value ( ! prop]ty insur$1 & ! dra9 caus$ by armies & navies may be mu* great] ?an ! havoc !y prev5t4 ,! evils aga9/ :i* !y are suppos$ to be direct$ are (t5 evils only 9 a cant & conv5tional s5se1 s9ce ! ev5ts deprecat$ 7l absorption by a neighb\r+ /ate7 might be 9 !mselves no mis=tune to ! p1 b p]haps a s+ul> bless+4 ,& ^? dread$ possibilities1 ev5 if really evil1 may well be less s ?an is ! hateful actuality ( milit>y taxes1 milit>y s]vice1 & milit>y arrogance4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! action irresponsible4 ,nor is ?is all3 ! milit>y classes1 s9ce !y inh]it ! blood & habits ( conqu]ors1 naturally love w> & _! irrational combativ5ess is re9=c$ by int]e/2 = 9 w> (fic]s c %9e & rise1 :ile ! dang] ( dea?1 to a brave man1 is r a spur & a pleas+ excitem5t ?an a t]ror4 ,a milit>y class is !re=e always recall+1 =etell+1 & m$itat+ w>2 x fo/]s artificial & s5seless jeal\sies t[>d o!r gov]nm5ts t possess armies2 & f9ally1 z (t5 z n1 x precipitates disa/] by br++ ab\t ! objectless /ruggle on :i* x has set its he>t4 ,sid5ote3 ,pugnacity human4 ,^! natural ph5om5a1 un9tellig5tly reg>d$ z anomalies & abuses1 are ! appanage ( w> 9 its pri/9e & prop] =m4 ,to fight is a radical in/9ct2 if m5 h no?+ else to fight ov] !y w fight ov] words1 fancies1 or wom51 or !y w fight because !y dislike ea* o!r's looks1 or because !y h met walk+ 9 opposite directions4 ,to knock a ?+ d[n1 especially if x is cock$ at an arrogant angle1 is a deep delight to ! blood4 ,to fight = a reason & 9 a calculat+ _s is some?+ y\r true w>rior despises2 ev5 a c[>d might screw 8 c\rage up to su* a reasonable conflict4 ,! joy & glory ( fight+ lie 9 its pure spontaneity & consequ5t g5]osity2 y are n fight+ = ga91 b = sport & = victory4 ,victory1 no d\bt1 has its fruits = ! victor4 ,if fight+ 7 n a possible means ( livelihood ! bellicose in/9ct c\ld nev] h e/abli%$ itself 9 any long-liv$ race4 ,a few m5 c live on plund]1 j z !re is room 9 ! _w = "s bea/s ( prey2 o!r m5 are r$uc$ to liv+ on indu/ry1 j z !re are dilig5t bees1 ants1 & h]bivor\s k9e4 ,b victory ne$ h no good fruits = ! p ^: army is victori\s4 ,t x sometimes does s is an ult]ior & bless$ circum/ance h>dly to be reckon$ ^u4 ,sid5ote3 ,b>rack-room philosophy4 ,s9ce b>b>ism has its pleasures x naturally has its apologi/s4 ,!re are panegyri/s ( w> :o say t )\t a p]iodical ble$+ a race decays & loses its manhood4 ,exp]i5ce is directly oppos$ to ?is %ameless ass]tion4 ,x is w> t wa/es a nation's weal?1 *okes its indu/ries1 kills its fl[]1 n>r[s its sympa?ies1 condemns x to be gov]n$ by adv5tur]s1 & leaves ! puny1 de=m$1 & unmanly to bre$ ! next g5]ation4 ,int]nec9e w>1 =eign & civil1 br\ght ab\t ! greate/ set-back :i* ! ,life ( ,reason has ev] suff]$2 x ext]m9at$ ! ,greek & ,italian ari/ocracies4 ,in/ead ( be+ desc5d$ f h]oes1 mod]n nations are desc5d$ f slaves2 & x is n _! bodies only t %[ x4 ,aft] a long peace1 if ! conditions ( life are propiti\s1 we obs]ve a p's en]gies bur/+ _! b>ri]s2 !y become aggressive on ! /r5g? !y h /or$ up 9 _! remote & un*eck$ developm5t4 ,x is ! unmutilat$ race1 fre% f ! /ruggle ) nature 79 :i* ! be/ survive1 :ile 9 w> x is (t5 ! be/ t p]i%7 t desc5ds victori\sly into ! ar5a ( nations & conqu]s discipl9$ armies at ! fir/ bl[1 becomes ! milit>y ari/ocracy ( ! next epo* & is itself ultimately sapp$ & decimat$ by luxury & battle1 & m]g$ at la/ into ! ignoble conglom]ate b5ea?4 ,!n1 p]haps1 9 "s o!r virg9 c\ntry a g5u9e humanity is aga9 f\nd1 capable ( victory because unbl$ by w>4 ,to call w> ! soil ( c\rage & virtue is l call+ debau*]y ! soil ( love4 ,sid5ote3 ,milit>y virtues4 ,milit>y in/itutions1 adv5titi\s & ill-adapt$ excresc5ces z !y usually are1 c acquire rational values 9 v>i\s ways4 ,besides occasional def5ce1 !y furni% a pr(ession cong5ial to _m1 & a spectacle & emotion int]e/+ to all4 ,bl9d c\rage is an animal virtue indisp5sable 9 a _w full ( dang]s & evils :]e a c]ta9 ins5sibility & da% are requisite to skirt ! precipice )\t v]tigo4 ,su* animal c\rage seems !re=e beautiful r ?an desp]ate or cruel1 & be+ ! l[e/ & mo/ in/9ctive ( virtues x is ! "o mo/ widely & s9c]ely admir$4 ,9 ! =m ( /ead9ess "u risks rationally tak51 & p]sev]ance s long z !re is a *ance ( success1 c\rage is a true virtue2 b x ceases to be "o :5 ! love ( dang]1 a useful passion :5 dang] is unavoidable1 beg9s to lead m5 into evils :i* x 0 unnecess>y to face4 ,bravado1 provocativ5ess1 & a gambl]'s in/9ct1 ) a love ( hitt+ h>d = ! sake ( ex]cise1 is a temp] :i* ought already to be c\nt$ among ! vices r ?an ! virtues ( man4 ,to delight 9 w> is a m]it 9 ! soldi]1 a dang]\s quality 9 ! capta91 & a positive crime 9 ! /atesman4 ,discipl9e1 or ! habit ( ob$i5ce1 is a bett] sort ( c\rage :i* milit>y life also requires4 ,discipl9e is ! acquir$ faculty ( surr5d]+ an imm$iate p]sonal good = ! sake ( a remote & imp]sonal "o ( great] value4 ,?is difficult wisdom is made easi] by tra9+ 9 an army1 because ! great =ces ( habit1 example & social suasion1 are !re enli/$ 9 its s]vice4 ,b ^! natural aids make x lose its consci\s rationality1 s t x ceases to be a virtue except pot5tially2 = to resi/ an impulse by =ce ( habit or ext]nal comm& may or may n be to foll[ ! bett] c\rse4 ,besides fo/]+ ^! rudim5t>y virtues ! army gives ! nation's s\l its mo/ fe/ive & flaunt+ embodim5t4 ,popul> h]oes1 /irr+ episodes1 obvi\s turn+-po9ts 9 hi/ory1 commonly belong to milit>y life4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y are spl5did vices4 ,nev]!less ! panegyri/ ( w> places himself on ! l[e/ level on :i* a morali/ or patriot c /& & %[s z great a want ( ref9$ feel+ z ( "r reason4 ,= ! glories ( w> are all blood-/a9$1 deliri\s1 & infect$ ) crime2 ! combative in/9ct is a savage prompt+ by :i* "o man's good is f\nd 9 ano!r's evil4 ,! exi/5ce ( su* a contradiction 9 ! moral _w is ! orig9al s9 ( nature1 :5ce fl[s e o!r wrong4 ,he is a will+ accomplice ( t p]v]sity 9 ?+s :o delights 9 ano!r's discomfiture or 9 8 own1 & craves ! bl9d t5sion ( plung+ into dang] )\t reason1 or ! idiot's pleasure 9 fac+ a pure *ance4 ,to f9d joy 9 ano!r's tr\ble is1 z man is con/itut$1 n unnatural1 ?\gh x is wick$2 & to f9d joy 9 "o's own tr\ble1 ?\gh x be madness1 is n yet impossible = man4 ,^! are ! *aotic dep?s ( t dream+ nature out ( :i* humanity has to gr[4 ,sid5ote3 ,absolute value 9 /rife4 ,if w> c\ld be aboli%$ & ! def5ce ( all int]e/s intru/$ to c\rts ( law1 !re w\ld rema9 unsatisfi$ a prim>y & !re=e in]adicable in/9ct--a love ( conflict1 ( rivalry1 & ( victory4 ,if we desire to aboli% w> because x tries to d good by do+ h>m1 we mu/ n ourselves d an injury to human nature :ile try+ to smoo? x out4 ,n[ ! te/ & limit ( all necess>y re=m is vital h>mony4 ,no impulse c be condemn$ arbitr>ily or because "s o!r impulse or gr\p ( int]e/s is1 9 a ,platonic way1 out ( sympa?y ) x4 ,an in/9ct c be condemn$ only if x prev5ts ! realisation ( o!r in/9cts1 & only 9 s f> z x does s4 ,w>1 :i* has in/9ctive w>rant1 mu/ !re=e be trans=m$ only 9 s f> z x does h>m to o!r int]e/s4 ,! evils ( w> are obvi\s en\gh2 c\ld n ! virtues ( w>1 animal c\rage1 discipl9e1 & self-k1 toge!r ) gaiety & en?usiasm1 f9d "s h>mless occasion = _! developm5t8 ,sid5ote3 ,sport a civilis$ way ( pres]v+ x4 ,su* a h>mless simulacrum ( w> is se5 9 sport4 ,! ardu\s & competitive elem5t 9 sport is n h>mful1 if ! discipl9e involv$ br+s no loss ( faculty or ( "r s5sitiv5ess1 & ! rivalry no ranc\r4 ,9 w> /ates wi% to be effici5t 9 ord] to conqu]1 b 9 sport m5 wi% to prove _! excell5ce because !y wi% to h x4 ,if ?is excell5ce does n exi/1 ! aim is miss$1 & to discov] t failure is no new mis=tune4 ,to h fail$ unwitt+ly w\ld h be5 worse2 & to recognise sup]iority 9 ano!r is consi/5t ) a relatively good & hon\rable p]=mance1 s t ev5 nom9al failure may be a sub/antial success4 ,& m]it 9 a rival %\ld br+ a fri5dly delight ev5 to ! vanqui%$ if !y are true lov]s ( sport & ( excell5ce4 ,sport is a lib]al =m ( w> /ripp$ ( its compulsions & malignity2 a rational art & ! expression ( a civilis$ in/9ct4 ,sid5ote3 ,:o %all f\nd ! univ]sal commonweal?8 ,! abolition ( w>1 l its inception1 c only be br\ght ab\t by a new collocation ( mat]ial =ces4 ,z ! suppression ( "s ne/ ( piratical tribes by a great emp]or sub/itutes judicial = milit>y sanctions among !m1 s ! conque/ ( all w>r+ nations by "s imp]ial p c\ld alone e/abli% g5]al peace4 ,! ,romans approa*$ ?is ideal because _! va/ milit>y p[] /ood beh9d _! gov]nors & prtors4 ,sci5ce & comm]ce might conceivably resume t lo/ imp]ial function4 ,if at ! pres5t day two or ?ree p[]ful gov]nm5ts c\ld s f> =get _! irrational orig9 z to r5\nce ! "r to occasional piracy & c\ld unite 9 en=c+ ! decisions ( "s int]national tribunal1 !y w\ld !reby con/itute t tribunal ! organ ( a univ]sal gov]nm5t & r5d] w> impossible betwe5 responsible /ates4 ,b on acc\nt ( _! irrational basis all gov]nm5ts l>gely misrepres5t ! true int]e/s ( ^? :o live "u !m4 ,!y pursue conv5tional & capti\s ends to :i* alone public en]gies c z yet be effici5tly direct$4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,ari/ocratic ,,ideal ,sid5ote3 ,em95ce1 once exi/+1 gr[s by its own4 8,to him t ha? %all be giv510 says ! ,gospel1 repres5t+ z a pr9ciple ( div9e ju/ice "o t und\bt$ly holds 9 e>?ly economy4 ,a n dissimil> obs]vation is made 9 ! prov]b3 8,possession is n9e-t5?s ( ! law40 ,inde$1 "s trifl+ acquisition (t5 gives an animal an initial advantage :i* may easily roll up & increase prodigi\sly1 becom+ ! basis ( prolong$ good =tune4 ,sometimes ?is initial advantage is a matt] ( natural /ructure1 l tal5t1 /r5g?1 or goodness2 sometimes an accid5tal accretion1 l bre$+1 in/ruction1 or weal?4 ,su* advantages gr[ by ! opportunities !y make2 & x is possible = a man laun*$ into ! _w at ! "r mom5t ) ! "r equipm5t to m\nt easily f em95ce to em95ce & accompli% v great ?+s )\t do+ m ?an g5ially foll[ 8 in/9cts & respond ) ard\r1 l an ,alex&] or a ,%akespe>e1 to 8 opportunities4 ,a great end[m5t1 d\bl$ by great good =tune1 raises m5 l ^! into supreme repres5tatives ( mank9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,its causes natural & its privileges j4 ,x is no loss ( lib]ty to subord9ate ourselves to a natural lead]4 ,on ! contr>y1 we !reby seize an opportunity to ex]cise our fre$om1 avail+ ourselves ( ! be/ in/rum5t obta9able to accompli% our ends4 ,a man may be a natural ei!r by 8 "* or by 8 position4 ,! advantages a man draws f t peculi> /ructure ( 8 bra9 :i* r5d]s him1 = in/ance1 a ready speak] or an +5i\s ma!matician1 are by common cons5t reg>d$ z legitimate advantages4 ,! public w use & rew>d su* ability )\t jeal\sy & ) positive delight4 ,9 an unsophi/icat$ age ! same feel+ prevails 9 reg>d to ^? advantages :i* a man may draw f m ext]nal circum/ances4 ,if a travell]1 hav+ be5 %ipwreck$ 9 "s exp$ition1 %\ld le>n ! secrets ( an unkn[n l&1 its arts & res\rces1 8 fell[-citiz5s1 on 8 return1 w\ld n hesitate to foll[ 8 direction 9 respect to ^? novel matt]s4 ,x w\ld be s5seless folly on _! "p to begrudge him 8 adv5titi\s em95ce & refuse to e/eem him ( m consequ5ce ?an _! un9itiat$ selves4 ,yet :5 p1 ignor+ ! natural causes ( all t is call$ artificial1 ?9k t b = an unlucky *ance !y1 too1 might h enjoy$ ! advantages :i* raise o!r m5 above !m1 !y sometimes affect n to recognise actual di/9ctions & abilities1 or /udy envi\sly ! means ( annull+ !m4 ,s long1 h[ev]1 z by ! op]ation ( any causes :atev] "s real compet5ce accrues to anyone1 x is = ! g5]al int]e/ t ?is compet5ce %\ld be> its natural fruits1 div]sify+ ! face ( society & giv+ its possessor a correspond+ di/9ction4 ,sid5ote3 ,advantage ( inequality4 ,v>iety 9 ! _w is an unmix$ bless+ s long z ea* di/9ct function c be ex]cis$ )\t h9drance to any o!r4 ,!re is no great] /upidity or meanness ?an to take uni=mity = an ideal1 z if x 7 n a b5efit & a joy to a man1 be+ :at he is1 to "k t _m are1 h be51 & w be bett] ?an he4 ,grant t no "o is positively degrad$ by ! great man's greatness & x foll[s t ev]yone is exalt$ by x4 ,beauty1 g5ius1 hol9ess1 ev5 p[] & extraord9>y weal?1 radiate _! virtue & make ! _w 9 :i* !y exi/ a bett] & a m joyful place to live 94 ,h5ce ! insatiable vulg> curiosity ab\t great p1 & ! /range way 9 :i* ! desire = fame 7by :i* ! di/+ui%$ man s9ks to ! common level7 is met & satisfi$ by ! univ]sal int]e/ 9 :atev] is extraord9>y4 ,?is avidity n to miss k ( ?+s notable1 & to enact vic>i\sly all s+ul> rles1 %[s ! ne$ m5 h ( di/9ction & ! advantage !y f9d ev5 9 conceiv+ x4 ,= x is ! pres5ce ( v>iety & a ne>] approa* some:]e to j & ideal a*ievem5t t gives m5 p]spective 9 _! judgm5ts & op5s vi/as f ! dull =egr\nd ( _! lives to sea1 m\nta91 & />s4 ,no m]ely idle curiosity %[s itself 9 ?is in/9ct2 r a m>k ( human pot5tiality t recognises 9 :at is yet atta9$ a sad c>icature ( :at is ess5tially atta9able4 ,= man's _s is intellectual & naturally dem&s dom9ion & sci5ce2 x craves 9 all ?+s fri5dl9ess & beauty4 ,! lea/ h9t ( atta9m5t 9 ^! directions fills x ) satisfaction & ! s5se ( realis$ expectation4 ,s mu* s t :5 no inkl+ ( a supreme fulfilm5t is f\nd 9 ! _w or 9 ! he>t1 m5 /ill cl+ to ! notion ( x 9 ,god or ! hope ( x 9 heav51 & religion1 :5 x ent]ta9s !m ) t ideal1 seems to h rea*$ its highe/ height4 ,love ( uni=mity w\ld qu5* ! ?ir/ = new outlets1 = p]fect1 ev5 if ali51 a*ievem5ts1 & ?is1 s long z p]fection _h n be5 actually atta9$1 w\ld indicate a m9d dead to ! ideal4 ,sid5ote3 ,fable ( ! belly & ! memb]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,fallacy 9 x4 ,m55ius ,agrippa express$ v well ! ari/ocratic !ory ( society :5 he comp>$ ! /ate to a human body 9 :i* ! common p 7 ! h&s & feet1 & ! nobles ! belly4 ,! p1 :5 !y =got ! conditions ( _! own well-be+1 might accuse !mselves ( folly & ! nobles ( insol5t idl5ess1 = ! poor sp5t _! lives 9 hopeless lab\r t o!rs :o did no?+ might enjoy all4 ,b !re 0 a secret circulation ( sub/ance 9 ! body politic1 & ! focuss+ ( all b5efits 9 ! few 0 ! cause ( nutrition & prosp]ity to ! _m4 ,p]haps ! tru? might be ev5 bett] express$ 9 a physiological figure some:at m mod]n1 by say+ t ! bra91 :i* consumes mu* blood1 well repays its obligations to ! /oma* & memb]s1 = x co-ord9ates _! motions & prep>es _! satisfactions4 ,yet !re is ?is important diff]5ce betwe5 ! human body & ! /ate1 a diff]5ce :i* r5d]s ,agrippa's fable :olly mislead+3 ! h&s & feet h no sep>ate consci\sness1 & if !y are ill us$ x is ! common self t feels ! we>9ess & ! bruises4 ,b 9 ! /ate ! v>i\s memb]s h a sep>ate s5sibility1 &1 al?\gh _! ultimate int]e/s lie1 no d\bt1 9 co-op]ation & ju/ice1 _! imm$iate in/9ct & passion may lead !m to oppress "o ano!r p]petually4 ,at "o "t ! bra91 =gett+ ! memb]s1 may fea/ on opiates & unceas+ music2 & aga91 ! memb]s1 ?9k+ !y c\ld m economically %ift = !mselves1 may />ve ! bra9 & r$uce ! body politic to a colony ( vegetat+ microbes4 ,9 a ^w1 ! consci\sness inhabit+ ! bra9 embodies ! functions ( all ! body's organs1 & responds 9 a g5]al way to all _! *anges ( =tune1 b 9 ! /ate e cell has a sep>ate bra91 & ! greate/ citiz51 by 8 exi/5ce1 realises only 8 own happ9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,!ism expresses bett] ! ari/ocratic ideal4 ,= an ideal ari/ocracy we %\ld n look to ,plato's ,republic1 = t ,utopia is av[$ly ! ideal only = fall5 & corrupt /ates1 s9ce luxury & inju/ice1 we are told1 fir/ necessitat$ w>1 & ! guid+ idea ( all ! ,platonic regim5 is milit>y effici5cy4 ,ari/ocracy f9ds a m ideal expression 9 !ism2 = !ism imag9es ! values ( exi/5ce to be divid$ into two unequal p>ts3 on ! "o h& ! inf9ite value ( ,god's life1 on ! o!r ! f9ite values ( all ! creat$ hi]>*y4 ,accord+ to !i/ic cosmology1 !re 0 a metaphysical necessity1 if creatures 7 to exi/ at all1 t !y %\ld be 9 "s measure inf]ior to godhead2 o!rwise !y w\ld h be5 indi/+ui%able f ! godhead itself accord+ to ! pr9ciple call$ ! id5tity ( indisc]nibles1 :i* decl>es t two be+s exactly alike _c exi/ )\t collaps+ into an undivid$ unit4 ,! propagation ( life involv$1 !n1 decl5sion f pure vitality1 & to diffuse be+ meant to dilute x ) no?+ness4 ,?is decl5sion might take place 9 inf9ite degrees1 ea* reta9+ "s ve/ige ( p]fection mix$1 z x 71 ) a great] & great] proportion ( impot5ce & non5tity4 ,bel[ ,god /ood ! angels1 bel[ !m man1 & bel[ man ! brute & inanimate creation4 ,ea* sph]e1 z x rec$$1 conta9$ a pal] adumbration ( ! c5tral p]fection2 yet ev5 at ! la/ conf9es ( exi/5ce "s feeble e*o ( div9ity w\ld /ill res\nd4 ,?is inequality 9 dignity w\ld be n only a beauty 9 ! :ole1 to ^: exi/5ce & ord] su* inequalities w\ld be ess5tial1 b also no evil to ! creature & no inju/ice2 = a modicum ( good is n made evil simply because a great] good is else:]e possible4 ,on ! contr>y1 by accept+ t appo9t$ place & t specific happ9ess1 ea* s]vant ( ! univ]sal h>mony c\ld feel its inf9ite value & c\ld ?rill ! m pr(\ndly to a music :i* he help$ to intone4 ,sid5ote3 ,a heav5 ) _m mansions4 ,dante has express$ ?is ?\ght ) great simplicity & beauty4 ,he asks a fri5d's _s1 :i* he f9ds lodg$ 9 ! l[e/ circle ( p>adise1 if a desire to m\nt high] does n sometimes visit him2 & ! _s replies3 8,bro!r1 ! =ce ( *>ity quiets our w1 mak+ u wi% only = :at we h & ?ir/ = no?+ m4 ,if we desir$ to be 9 a sublim] sph]e1 our desires w\ld be discordant ) ! w ( him :o "h allots u our div]s /ations--some?+ :i* y w see !re is no room = 9 ^! circles1 if to dwell 9 *>ity be ne$ful "h1 & if y consid] duly ! nature ( *>ity4 ,= x belongs to ! ess5ce ( t bless$ /ate to keep )9 ! div9e purposes1 t our own purposes may become "o also4 ,?us1 ! mann] 9 :i* we are rang$ f /ep to /ep 9 ?is k+dom pleases ! :ole k+dom1 z x does ! k+ :o gives u w to w ) him4 ,& 8 w is our peace2 x is t sea t[>d :i* all ?+s move t 8 w creates & t nature fa%ions40,c ,sid5ote3 ,if ,god is def9$ z ! human ideal1 apo!osis ! only p>adise4 ,su* pi\s resignation has 9 x some?+ pa!tic & con/ra9$1 :i* ,dante c\ld n or w\ld n disguise4 ,= a !ism :i*1 l ,ari/otle's & ,dante's1 has a ,platonic ess5ce1 ,god is really no?+ b ! goal ( human aspiration embodi$ imag9atively4 ,?is fact makes ^! philosoph]s feel t :atev] falls %ort ( div9ity has some?+ imp]fect ab\t x4 ,god is :at man ought to be2 & man1 :ile he is /ill himself1 mu/ ye>n = ev]1 l ,ari/otle's cosmos1 mak+ 9 8 p]petual r\nd a va9 imitation ( deity1 & an et]nal pray]4 ,h5ce1 a lat5t m9or /ra9 9 ,ari/otle's philosophy1 ! hopeless note ( paganism1 & 9 ,dante an und]tone ( sorr[ & sacrifice1 insep>able f ,*ri/ian feel+4 ,9 bo?1 virtue implies a c]ta9 s5se ( defeat1 a fatal unnatural limitation1 z if a pri/9e ideal _h be5 surr5d]$ & :at rema9$ 7 at be/ a compromise4 ,accord+ly we ne$ n be surpris$ if aspiration1 9 all ^! m51 f9ally takes a my/ical turn2 & ,dante's gho/ly fri5ds1 aft] prop\nd+ _! ari/ocratic philosophy1 to ju/ify ,god 9 o!r m5's eyes1 are !mselves on ! po9t ( quitt+ ! l[] sph]e to :i* ,god _h assign$ !m & plung+ into ! 8sea0 ( 8 absolute ec/asy4 ,=1 if ! ^w ,god /&s = man's spiritual ideal1 heav5 c consi/ only 9 apo!osis4 ,?is ! ,greeks knew v well4 ,!y in/9ctively ignor$ or fe>$ any immortality :i* fell %ort ( deification2 & ! ,*ri/ian my/ics rea*$ ! same goal by less ov]t c\rses4 ,!y m]g$ ! popul> idea ( a p]sonal ,god 9 _! =eta/e ( peace & p]fection2 & _! :ole religion 0 an ef=t to escape humanity4 ,sid5ote3 ,:5 natures diff] p]fections diff] too4 ,x is true t ! !i/ic cosmology might he> a diff]5t int]pretation4 ,if by deity we mean n man's ideal--intellectual or s5su\s--b ! total cosmic ord]1 !n ! univ]sal hi]>*y may be und]/ood naturali/ically s t ea* sph]e gives scope = "o sort ( good4 ,god1 or ! highe/ be+1 w\ld !n be simply ! life ( nature z a :ole1 if nature has a consci\s life1 or t ( its noble/ portion4 ,! suppos$ 8metaphysical evil0 involv$ 9 f9itude w\ld !n be no evil at all1 b ! condition ( e good4 ,9 realis+ 8 own w 9 8 own way1 ea* creature w\ld be p]fectly happy1 )\t ye>n+ or pa!tic regrets = o!r =ms ( be+4 ,su* =ms ( be+ w\ld all be unpalatable to him1 ev5 if conv5tionally call$ high]1 because _! body 0 l>g]1 & _! s\l m complex4 ,nor w\ld div9e p]fection itself be 9 any s5se p]fection unless x gave expression to "s def9ite nature1 ! entele*y ei!r ( ! cele/ial sph]es1 or ( sci5tific ?\ght1 or ( "s o!r actual exi/5ce4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 inhabitants ev5 ( ! l[e/ heav5 w\ld be unres]v$ly happy1 z happy 9 _! way z ^? ( ! sev5? heav5 c\ld be 9 !irs4 ,no pa!tic note w\ld any long] disquiet _! f9itude4 ,!y w\ld n h to r5\nce1 9 sad con=mity to an ali5 w1 :at ev5 = !m w\ld h be5 a deep] joy4 ,!y w\ld be ask$ to r5\nce no?+ b :at1 = !m1 w\ld be an evil4 ,! ov]rul+ provid5ce w\ld !n 9 tru? be fa!rly1 by provid+ = ea* be+ t :i* x inw>dly crav$4 ,p]sons ( "o rank w\ld n be improv$ by pass+ into ! s-call$ high] sph]e1 any m ?an ! ox w\ld be improv$ by be+ trans=m$ into a l>k1 or a k+ into a poet4 ,man 9 su* a sy/em c\ld no m p9e to be ,god ?an he c\ld p9e to be ! law ( gravity1 or ,sp9oza's sub/ance1 or ,hegel's dialectical idea4 ,su* naturali/ic ab/ractions1 :ile !y p]haps express "s elem5t ( reality or its total =m1 are n objects correspond+ to man's purposes & are morally inf]ior to 8 humanity4 ,e man's ideal lies )9 ! pot5tialities ( 8 nature1 = only by express+ 8 nature c ideals possess au?ority or attraction ov] him4 ,heav5 accord+ly has really _m mansions1 ea* truly heav5ly to him :o w\ld inhabit x1 & !re is really no room = discord 9 ^? r\nds4 ,"o ideal c no m conflict ) ano!r ?an tru? c jo/le tru?2 b m51 or ! disorganis$ functions )9 a giv5 individual1 may be 9 physical conflict1 z op9ion may wre/le ) op9ion 9 ! _w's ar5a or 9 an ignorant bra94 ,among ideals !mselves inf9ite v>iety is consi/5t ) p]fect h>mony1 b matt] t has n yet develop$ or discov]$ its organic aff9ities may well %[ grop+ & contradictory t5d5cies4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ^! embryonic disord]s are once right$1 ea* possible life kn[s its natural p>adise1 & :at "s un9tellig5t outsid] might say 9 dispraise ( t ideal w nev] w\nd or ruffle ! self-ju/ifi$ creature ^: ideal x is1 any m ?an a cat's av]sion to wat] w di/urb a fi%'s plan ( life4 ,sid5ote3 ,!ory t /ations actually correspond to faculty4 ,an ari/ocratic society might accord+ly be a p]fect heav5 if ! v>iety & sup]position ( functions 9 x express$ a correspond+ div]sity 9 its memb]s' faculties & ideals4 ,&1 inde$1 :at ari/ocratic philosoph]s h always ma9ta9$ is t m5 really diff] s mu* 9 capacity t "o is happi] = be+ a slave1 ano!r = be+ a %opkeep]1 & a ?ird = be+ a k+4 ,all pr(essions1 !y say1 ev5 ! l[e/1 are or may be vocations4 ,"s m51 ,ari/otle tells u1 are slaves by nature2 only physical functions are spontane\s 9 !m4 ,s long z !y are humanely treat$1 x is1 we may inf]1 a b5efit = !m to be comm&$2 & ! contribution _! lab\r makes t[>d rational life 9 _! bett]s is ! highe/ dignity !y c atta91 & %\ld be priz$ by !m z a suffici5t privilege4 ,su* ass]tions1 com+ f lordly lips1 h a suspici\s optimism ab\t !m2 yet ! fai?ful slave1 su* z ! nurse we f9d 9 ! trag$ies1 may sometimes h correspond$ to t description4 ,9 o!r regions x is surely true t to advance 9 conv5tional /ation w\ld (t5 entail a loss 9 true dignity & happ9ess4 ,x w\ld seldom b5efit a musician to be appo9t$ admiral or a h\semaid to become a prima donna4 ,sci5tific bre$+ might conceivably develop mu* m %>ply ! v>i\s temp]am5ts & faculties ne$$ 9 ! /ate2 & !n ea* ca/e or ord] ( citiz5s w\ld n be m commonly dissatisfi$ ) its lot ?an m5 or wom5 n[ are ) _! sex4 ,"o tribe w\ld run err&s z p]si/5tly z ! ants2 ano!r w\ld s+ l ! l>k2 a ?ird w\ld %[ a devil's innate fondness = /ok+ a fi]y furnace4 ,sid5ote3 ,its falsity4 ,ari/ocracy logically involves ca/es4 ,b su* ca/es z exi/ 9 ,india1 & ! social classes we f9d 9 ! we/]n _w1 are n n[ bas$ on any pr(\nd diff]5ce 9 race1 capacity1 or incl9ation4 ,!y are bas$ probably on ! *ances ( "s e>ly w>1 re9=c$ by cu/om & p]petuat$ by inh]itance4 ,a c]ta9 circulation1 correspond+ 9 "p to prov$ ability or disability1 takes place 9 ! body politic1 &1 s9ce ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 has tak5 place increas+ly4 ,"s1 by en]gy & p]sev]ance1 rise f ! bottom2 "s1 by ill =tune or vice1 fall f ! top4 ,b ^! readju/m5ts are insignificant 9 comp>ison ) ! social in]tia t p]petuates all ! classes1 & ev5 su* %ifts z occur at once re-e/abli% artificial conditions = ! next g5]ation4 ,z a rule1 m5's /ation det]m9es _! occupation )\t _! gifts det]m9+ _! /ation4 ,?us /ifl$ ability 9 ! l[] ord]s1 & apa?y or pamp]$ incapacity 9 ! high]1 unite to deprive society ( its natural lead]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,feeble individuality ! rule4 ,x w\ld be easy1 h[ev]1 to exagg]ate ! havoc wr\ght by su* artificial conditions4 ,! monotony we obs]ve 9 mank9d mu/ n be *>g$ to ! oppressive influ5ce ( circum/ances cru%+ ! individual s\l4 ,x is n society's fault t mo/ m5 seem to miss _! vocation4 ,mo/ m5 h no vocation2 & society1 9 impos+ on !m "s *ance language1 "s *ance religion1 & "s *ance c>e]1 fir/ plants an ideal 9 _! bosoms & ins9uates into !m a sort ( racial or pr(essional s\l4 ,_! only "* is compos$ ( ! habits !y h be5 l$ to acquire4 ,"s little prop5sities betray$ 9 *ildhood may v probably survive2 "o man may prove by 8 dy+ words t he 0 cong5itally witty1 ano!r t5d]1 ano!r brave4 ,b ^! native qualities w simply h add$ an ineffectual t9t to "s typical exi/5ce or o!r2 & ! va/ majority w rema91 z ,s*op5hau] said1 ,fabrikwa>5 d] ,natur4 ,v>iety 9 human dreams1 l p]sonality among savages1 may inde$ be inw>dly v great1 b x is n efficaci\s4 ,to be socially important & expressible 9 "s common m$ium1 initial diff]5ces 9 temp] mu/ be organis$ into cu/om & become cumulative by be+ imitat$ & en=c$4 ,! only arti/s :o c %[ great orig9ality are ^? tra9$ 9 di/9ct & e/abli%$ s*ools2 = orig9ality & g5ius mu/ be l>gely f$ & rais$ on ! %\ld]s ( "s old tradition4 ,a ri* organisation & h]itage1 :ile !y pr$et]m9e ! core ( all possible v>iations1 increase _! numb]1 s9ce e advance op5s up new vi/as2 & gr[?1 9 ext5d+ ! p]iph]y ( ! sub/ance organis$1 multiplies ! numb] ( po9ts at :i* new gr[?s may beg94 ,?us x is only 9 rec5t times t discov]ies 9 sci5ce h be5 frequ5t1 because natural sci5ce until lately possess$ no settl$ me?od & no consid]able fund ( acquir$ tru?s4 ,s1 too1 9 political society1 /atesman%ip is made possible by traditional policies1 g5]al%ip by milit>y in/itutions1 great f9anci]s by e/abli%$ comm]ce4 ,if we v5tur$ to g5]alise ^! obs]vations we might say t su* an unequal di/ribution ( capacity z might ju/ify ari/ocracy %\ld be look$ = only 9 civilis$ /ates4 ,savages are born free & equal1 b :]ev] a complex & highly specialis$ environm5t limits ! loose fre$om ( ^? born into x1 x also /imulates _! capacity4 ,"u =c$ culture rem>kable gr[?s w appe>1 br++ to light possibilities 9 m5 :i* might1 p]haps1 n ev5 h be5 possibilities _h !y be5 left to !mselves2 = mulb]ry leaves d n ( !mselves develop into brocade4 ,a c]ta9 p]sonal idiosyncrasy mu/ be assum$ at bottom1 else cotton damask w\ld be z good z silk & all m5 hav+ l opportunities w\ld be equally great4 ,?is idiosyncrasy is br\ght out by social pressure1 :ile 9 a /ate ( nature x might h betray$ itself only 9 trivial & futile ways1 z x does among b>b>ians4 ,sid5ote3 ,sophi/ical envy4 ,di/9ction is ?us 9 "o s5se artificial1 s9ce x _c become important or practical unless a c]ta9 environm5t gives play to individual tal5t & pres]ves its orig9ality2 b di/9ction nev]!less is p]fectly real1 & n m]ely imput$4 ,9 va9 does ! man 9 ! /reet decl>e t he1 too1 c\ld h be5 a k+ if he _h be5 born 9 ! purple2 = t pot5tiality does n belong to him z he is1 b only z he might h be51 if p] impossibile he _h n be5 himself4 ,!re is a /range metaphysical illusion 9 imag9+ t a man might *ange 8 p>5ts1 8 body1 8 e>ly environm5t1 & yet reta9 8 p]sonality4 ,9 its high] faculties 8 p]sonality is produc$ by 8 special relations4 ,if ,%akespe>e _h be5 born 9 ,italy he might1 if y w1 h be5 a great poet1 b ,%akespe>e he c\ld nev] h be54 ,nor c x be call$ an inju/ice to all ( u :o are n ,engli%m5 ( ,que5 ,elizabe?'s "t t ,%akespe>e _h t advantage & 0 !reby enabl$ to exi/4 ,! s5se ( inju/ice at unequal opportunities arises only :5 ! two environm5ts comp>$ are really some:at analog\s1 s t ! illusion ( a *ange ( rles )\t a *ange ( *>act]s may reta9 "s col\r4 ,x 0 a j insight1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,*ri/ian fable to make ! fir/ rebel aga9/ ,god ! *ief among ! angels1 ! _s occupy+ ! position ne>e/ to t :i* he tri$ to usurp4 ,lucif]'s fallacy consi/$ 9 ?9k+ natural inequality artificial4 ,8 p]v]sity lay 9 rebell+ aga9/ himself & reject+ ! happ9ess prop] to 8 nature4 ,?is 0 ! madde/ possible way ( rebell+ aga9/ 8 true creator2 = x is our p>ticul> f9itude t creates u & makes u be4 ,no "o1 except 9 wilful fancy1 w\ld envy ! peculi> advantages ( a :ale or an ant1 ( an ,inca or a ,gr& ,lama4 ,an ex*ange ( places ) su* remote be+s w\ld too evid5tly leave ea* creature ! v same t x 0 be=e2 = aft] a nom9al ex*ange ( places ea* (fice w\ld rema9 fill$ & no trace ( a *ange w\ld be p]ceptible4 ,b ! p5ny t "o man f9ds & ano!r misses w\ld n1 _h =tune be5 rev]s$1 h transmut$ ea* man into ! o!r4 ,s adv5titi\s a circum/ance seems easily transf]able )\t und]m9+ t p]sonal di/9ction :i* x _h come to embitt]4 ,yet ! incipi5t fallacy lurk+ ev5 9 su* suppositions becomes obvi\s :5 we inquire :e!r s bl9d an accid5t1 = in/ance1 z sex is also adv5titi\s & ideally transf]able & :e!r ,jack & ,jill1 rema9+ !mselves1 c\ld h ex*ang$ g5d]s4 ,:at ext5ds ^! invidi\s comp>isons beyond all tol]able b\nds is ! g5]ic & vague nature prop] to language & its t]ms4 ,! fir/ p]sonal pron\n 8,i0 is a concept s ?or\ghly univ]sal t x c accompany any exp]i5ce :atev]1 yet x is us$ to designate an individual :o is really def9able n by ! =mal selfhood :i* he %>es ) e o!r ?9k]1 b by ! special ev5ts t make up 8 life4 ,ea* man's memory embraces a c]ta9 field1 & if ! l&scape op5 to 8 vision is sad & hateful he naturally wi%es x to %ift & become l t p>adise 9 :i*1 z he fancies1 o!r m5 dwell4 ,a legitimate rebellion aga9/ evil 9 8 own exp]i5ce becomes an un?9kable supposition ab\t :at 8 exp]i5ce might h be5 _h he enjoy$ ^? o!r m5's opportunities or ev5 7s f> c unreason w&]7 _h he possess$ _! "*4 ,! :olly diff]5t creature1 a replica ( t envi$ ideal1 :i* w\ld h exi/$ 9 t case w\ld /ill h call$ itself 8,i02 & s1 ! dream] imag9es1 t creature w\ld h be5 himself 9 a diff]5t situation4 ,if a new bir? c\ld /ill be call$ by a man's own "n1 ! reason w\ld be t ! concrete faculties n[ pres5t 9 him are ! basis = ! ideal he ?r[s out1 & if ^! p>ticul> faculties came to fruition 9 a new be+1 he w\ld call t be+ himself1 inasmu* z x realis$ 8 ideal4 ,! poor] ! reality1 !re=e1 ! mean] & vagu] ! ideal x is able to project4 ,man is s ti$ to 8 p]sonal end[m5t 7ess5tial to him ?\gh an accid5t 9 ! _w7 t ev5 8 utt]mo/ ideal1 into :i* he w\ld fly out ( himself & 8 f9itude1 c be no?+ b ! fulfilm5t ( 8 own initial idiosyncrasies4 ,:atev] o!r wills & o!r glories may exi/ 9 heav5 lie n )9 8 univ]se ( aspiration4 ,ev5 8 mo/ p]v]sely metaphysical envy c begrudge to o!rs only :at he in/9ctively craves = himself4 ,sid5ote3 ,inequality is n a grievance2 suff]+ is4 ,x is n m]e inequality1 !re=e1 t c be a reproa* to ! ari/ocratic or !i/ic ideal4 ,c\ld ea* p]son fulfil 8 own nature ! mo/ /rik+ diff]5ces 9 end[m5t & =tune w\ld tr\ble nobody's dreams4 ,! true reproa* to :i* ari/ocracy & !ism are op5 is ! ?w>t+ ( ^? unequal natures & ! consequ5t suff]+ impos$ on !m all4 ,inju/ice 9 ?is _w is n some?+ comp>ative2 ! wrong is deep1 cle>1 & absolute 9 ea* private fate4 ,a bruis$ *ild wail+ 9 ! /reet1 8 small _w = ! mom5t utt]ly black & cruel be=e him1 does n fet* 8 unhapp9ess f sophi/icat$ comp>isons or irrational envy2 nor c any comp5sations & cele/ial h>monies sup]v5+ lat] ev] expunge or ju/ify t mom5t's bitt]ness4 ,! pa9 may be :i/l$ away & =gott52 ! m9d may be r5d]$ by x only a little h>d]1 a little co>s]1 a little m secretive & sull5 & famili> ) unrightable wrong4 ,b ignor+ t pa9 w n prev5t its hav+ exi/$2 x mu/ rema9 = ev] to tr\ble ,god's omnisci5ce & be a "p ( t hell :i* ! creation too truly involves4 ,sid5ote3 ,mutilation by cr[d+4 ,! same curse ( suff]+ vitiates ,agrippa's +5i\s p>able & ! joyful humility ( ,dante's cele/ial fri5ds1 & r5d]s bo? equally irrelevant to human conditions4 ,nature may arrange h] hi]>*ies z %e *ooses & make h] creatures in/rum5tal to "o ano!r's life4 ,t int]relation is no injury to any "p & an add$ beauty 9 ! :ole4 ,x w\ld h be5 a truly admirable arrangem5t to h enabl$ e liv+ be+1 9 atta9+ its own end1 to make ! atta9m5ts ( ! o!rs' ends possible to !m also4 ,an approa* to su* an equilibrium has actually be5 rea*$ 9 "s respects by ! r\gh sift+ ( miscellane\s organisms until ^? t 7 compatible alone rema9$4 ,b nature1 9 h] ha/e to be f]tile1 wants to produce ev]y?+ at once1 & h] di/ract$ indu/ry has br\ght ab\t t]rible confusion & wa/e & t]rible inju/ice4 ,%e has be5 l$ to puni% h] m9i/]s = ! s]vices !y r5d] & h] fav\rites = ! hon\rs !y receive4 ,%e has impos$ suff]+ on h] creatures toge!r ) life2 %e has defeat$ h] own objects & vitiat$ h] b\nty by lett+ e good d h>m & br+ evil 9 its tra9 to "s unsuspect+ creature4 ,?is oppression is ! moral /a9 t atta*es to ari/ocracy & makes x truly unju/4 ,e privilege t imposes suff]+ involves a wrong4 ,n only does ari/ocracy lay on ! _w a tax 9 lab\r & privation t its own spl5d\rs1 intellectual & worldly1 may arise1 b by s do+ x infects intellig5ce & gr&eur ) inhumanity & r5d]s corrupt & odi\s t pre-em95ce :i* %\ld h be5 div9e4 ,! l[] classes1 9 submitt+ to ! h>d%ip & meanness ( _! lives--:i*1 to be sure1 might h be5 h>d] & mean] _h no ari/ocracy exi/$--mu/ upbraid _! fell[-m5 = pr(it+ by _! ill =tune & !re=e hav+ an int]e/ 9 p]petuat+ x4 ,in/ead ( ! brutal b innoc5t inju/ice ( nature1 :at !y suff] f is ! sly inju/ice ( m52 & ?\gh ! suff]+ be less--= ! wor/ ( m5 is human--! injury is m s5sible4 ,! inclem5cies & dang]s m5 mu/ endure 9 a savage /ate1 9 sc\rg+ !m1 w\ld n h pr(it$ by t cruelty4 ,b suff]+ has an add$ /+ :5 x enables o!rs to be exempt f c>e & to live l ! gods 9 irresponsible ease2 ! inequality :i* w\ld h be5 innoc5t & ev5 beautiful 9 a happy _w becomes1 9 a pa9ful _w1 a bitt] wrong1 or at be/ a crim9al beauty4 ,sid5ote3 ,a h9t to optimi/s4 ,x w\ld be a happy relief to ! ari/ocrat's consci5ce1 :5 he possesses "o1 c\ld he le>n f "s yet bold] ,desc>tes t common p 7 no?+ b btes-ma*9es1 & t only a gr\ndless prejudice _h hi!rto l$ u to suppose t life c\ld exi/ :]e evid5tly no?+ good c\ld be atta9$ by liv+4 ,if all un=tunate p c\ld be prov$ to be unconsci\s automata1 :at a brilliant ju/ification t w\ld be = ! ways ( bo? ,god & man6 ,philosophy w\ld n lack argum5ts to support su* an agreeable conclusion4 ,beg9n+ ) ! axiom t :atev] is is "r1 a metaphysician might adduce ! tru? t consci\sness is some?+ self-exi/5t & indubitably real2 !re=e1 he w\ld cont5d1 x mu/ be self-ju/ify+ & indubitably good4 ,& he might cont9ue by say+ t a slave's life 0 n its own excuse = be+1 nor 7 ! lab\rs ( a million drudges o!rwise ju/ifi$ ?an by ! conv5i5ces :i* !y suppli$ _! ma/]s )4 ,ergo1 ^? s]vile op]ations c\ld come to consci\sness only :]e !y atta9$ _! end1 & ! _w c\ld conta9 no?+ b p]fect & univ]sal happ9ess4 ,a div9e omnisci5ce & joy1 %>$ by f9ite m9ds 9 s f> z !y might atta9 p]fection1 w\ld be ! only life 9 exi/5ce1 & ! notion t su* a ?+ z pa91 sorr[1 or hatr$ c\ld exi/ at all w\ld =?) vani% l ! hide\s & ridicul\s illusion t x 04 ,?is argum5t may be recomm5d$ to apologetic writ]s z no weak] ?an ^? !y commonly rely on1 & inf9itely m consol+4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ ari/ocracies might d good4 ,b s long z p rema9 on :at su* an invaluable optimi/ might call ! l[ level ( s5su\s ?\ght1 & s long z we imag9e t we exi/ & suff]1 an ari/ocratic regim5 c only be ju/ifi$ by radiat+ b5efit & by prov+ t 7 less giv5 to ^? above less w\ld be atta9$ by ^? b5ea? !m4 ,su* rev]sion ( b5efit might take a mat]ial =m1 z :51 by comm]cial guidance & milit>y protection1 a great] net product is secur$ to lab\r1 ev5 aft] all ne$ful taxes h be5 levi$ ^u x to support greatness4 ,an indu/rial & political olig>*y might def5d itself on t gr\nd4 ,or ! return might take ! less positive =m ( opportunity1 z x does :5 an ari/ocratic society has a democratic gov]nm5t4 ,"h ! p nei!r accept guidance nor require protection2 b ! exi/5ce ( a ri* & irresponsible class (f]s !m an ideal1 su* z x is1 9 _! ambiti\s /ruggles4 ,= !y too may gr[ ri*1 ex]cise f9ancial asc5dancy1 educate _! sons l g5tlem51 & laun* _! daught]s into fa%ionable society4 ,f9ally1 if ! only ari/ocracy recognis$ 7 an ari/ocracy ( a*ievem5t1 & if public rew>ds foll[$ p]sonal m]it1 ! rev]sion to ! p might take ! =m ( p>ticipation by !m 9 ! ideal int]e/s ( em95t m54 ,hol9ess1 g5ius1 & k c rev]b]ate ?r\gh all society4 ,! fruits ( art & sci5ce are 9 !mselves *eap & n to be monopolis$ or consum$ 9 enjoym5t4 ,on ! contr>y1 _! wid] diffusion /imulates _! gr[? & makes _! cultivation m int5se & successful4 ,:5 an ideal int]e/ is g5]al ! %>e :i* falls to ! private p]son is ! m apt to be efficaci\s4 ,! sa9ts h usually _h companions1 & arti/s & philosoph]s h fl\ri%$ 9 s*ools4 ,at ! same "t ideal goods _c be assimilat$ )\t "s tra9+ & leisure4 ,l education & religion !y are degrad$ by popul>ity1 & r$uc$ f :at ! ma/] int5d$ to :at ! p are able & will+ to receive4 ,s pleas+ an idea1 !n1 z ?is ( diffus$ ideal possessions has little application 9 a society ari/ocratically fram$2 = ! great] em95ce ! few atta9 ! less able are ! _m to foll[ !m4 ,great ?\ghts require a great m9d & pure beauties a pr(\nd s5sibility4 ,to attempt to give su* ?+s a wide curr5cy is to be will+ to d5aturalise !m 9 ord] to boa/ t !y h be5 propagat$4 ,culture is on ! horns ( ?is dilemma3 if pr(\nd & noble x mu/ rema9 r>e1 if common x mu/ become mean4 ,^! alt]natives c nev] be elud$ until "s purifi$ & high-br$ race succe$s ! promiscu\s bip$s t n[ black5 ! planet4 ,sid5ote3 ,man adds wrong to nature's injury4 ,ari/ocracy1 l ev]y?+ else1 has no practical =ce save t :i* me*anical causes end[ x )4 ,its privileges are fruits ( inevitable advantages4 ,its oppressions are simply new =ms & vehicles = nature's primeval cruelty1 :ile ! b5efits x may also conf] are only fur!r examples ( h] nice equilibrium & necess>y h>mony4 ,= x lies 9 ! ess5ce ( a me*anical _w1 :]e ! int]e/s ( its products are conc]n$1 to be fundam5tally k9d1 s9ce x has =m$ & on ! :ole ma9ta9s ^? products1 & yet cont9ually cruel1 s9ce x =ms & ma9ta9s !m bl9dly1 )\t consid]+ difficulties or probable failures4 ,n[ ! mo/ tyrannical gov]nm5t1 l ! be/1 is a natural product ma9ta9$ by an equilibrium ( natural =ces4 ,x is simply a new mode ( me*anical en]gy to :i* ! philosoph] liv+ "u x mu/ adju/ himself z he w\ld to ! wea!r4 ,b :5 ! vehicle ( nature's inclem5cy is a he>tless man1 ev5 if ! h>m done be less1 x puts on a new & a moral aspect4 ,! s\rce ( injury is !n n only natural b crim9al z well1 & ! result is a s5se ( wrong add$ to mis=tune4 ,x mu/ ne$s be t (f5ce come1 b woe to him by :om ! (f5ce come?4 ,he ju/ly ar\ses indignation & endures remorse4 ,sid5ote3 ,conditions ( a j inequality4 ,n[ civilisation _c af=d to entangle its ideals ) ! causes ( remorse & ( j indignation4 ,9 ! fir/ place nature 9 h] sl[ & pond]\s way levels h] processes & rubs (f h] %>p edges by p]petual friction4 ,:]e !re is maladju/m5t !re is no p]man5t physical /ability4 ,!re=e ! ideal ( society c nev] involve ! infliction ( injury on anybody = any purpose4 ,su* an ideal w\ld propose = a goal some?+ out ( equilibrium1 a society :i* ev5 if e/abli%$ c\ld n ma9ta9 itself2 b an ideal life mu/ n t5d to de/roy its ideal by aboli%+ its own exi/5ce4 ,9 ! second place1 x is impossible on moral gr\nds t inju/ice %\ld subsi/ 9 ! ideal4 ,! ideal means ! p]fect1 & a suppos$ ideal 9 :i* wrong /ill subsi/$ w\ld be ! d5ial ( p]fection4 ,! ideal /ate & ! ideal univ]se %\ld be a family :]e all are n equal1 b :]e all are happy4 ,s t an ari/ocratic or !i/ic sy/em 9 ord] to des]ve respect mu/ disc>d its s9i/] apologies = evil & cle>ly propose su* an ord] ( exi/5ces1 "o sup]pos$ ^u ! o!r1 z %\ld involve no suff]+ on any ( its levels4 ,! s]vices requir$ ( ea* mu/ involve no injury to any2 to p]=m !m %\ld be made ! s]vant's spontane\s & specific ideal4 ,! privileges ! sy/em be/[s on "s mu/ involve no outrage on ! re/1 & mu/ n be paid = by mutilat+ o!r lives or ?w>t+ _! natural pot5tialities4 ,= ! humble to give _! lab\r w\ld !n be bless$ 9 reality1 & n m]ely by imputation1 :ile = ! great to receive ^? b5efits w\ld be bless$ also1 n 9 fact only b 9 ju/ice4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,c3 ,p>adiso4 ,canto ,,iii41 #gj-hg4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,democracy ,sid5ote3 ,democracy z an end & z a means4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural democracy leads to mon>*y4 ,! ^w democracy may /& = a natural social equality 9 ! body politic or = a con/itutional =m ( gov]nm5t 9 :i* p[] lies m or less directly 9 ! p's h&s4 ,! =m] may be call$ social democracy & ! latt] democratic gov]nm5t4 ,! two diff] widely1 bo? 9 orig9 & 9 moral pr9ciple4 ,g5etically consid]$1 social democracy is some?+ primitive1 un9t5d$1 prop] to communities :]e !re is g5]al compet5ce & no m>k$ p]sonal em95ce4 ,x is ! democracy ( ,arcadia1 ,switz]l&1 & ! ,am]ican pione]s4 ,su* a community might be said to h also a democratic gov]nm5t1 = ev]y?+ 9 x is naturally democratic4 ,!re w be no ari/ocracy1 no pre/ige2 b in/ead an intellig5t read9ess to l5d a h& & to d 9 unison :atev] is done1 n s mu* "u lead]s z by a k9d ( conspir+ in/9ct & contagi\s sympa?y4 ,9 o!r words1 !re w be t mo/ democratic ( gov]nm5ts--no gov]nm5t at all4 ,b :5 pressure ( circum/ances1 dang]1 or inw>d /rife makes recognis$ & prolong$ guidance necess>y to a social democracy1 ! =m its gov]nm5t takes is t ( a rudim5t>y mon>*y1 e/abli%$ by election or g5]al cons5t4 ,a natural lead] pres5ts himself & he is in/9ctively obey$4 ,he may inde$ be freely criticis$ & w n be scre5$ by any pomp or traditional my/]y2 he w be easy to replace & e citiz5 w feel himself radically 8 equal4 ,yet su* a /ate is at ! beg9n+s ( mon>*y & ari/ocracy1 close to ! /age depict$ 9 ,hom]1 :]e pre-em95ces are /ill obvi\sly natural1 al?\gh already ov]-emphasis$ by ! =ce ( cu/om & weal?1 & by ! fission ( society into div]g5t classes4 ,sid5ote3 ,artificial democracy is an ext5sion ( privilege4 ,political democracy1 on ! o!r h&1 is a late & artificial product4 ,x arises by a gradual ext5sion ( ari/ocratic privileges1 ?r\gh rebellion aga9/ abuses1 & 9 answ] to re/lessness on ! p's "p4 ,its pr9ciple is n ! abs5ce ( em95ce1 b ! discov]y t exi/+ em95ce is no long] g5u9e & repres5tative4 ,x is compatible ) a v complex gov]nm5t1 great empire1 & an ari/ocratic society2 x may reta91 z notably 9 ,engl& & 9 all anci5t republics1 _m ve/iges ( old] & less democratic in/itutions4 ,= "u democratic gov]nm5ts ! p h n creat$ ! /ate2 !y m]ely control x4 ,_! suspicions & jeal\sies are quiet$ by assign+ to !m a voice1 p]haps only a veto1 9 ! adm9i/ration2 b ! /ate adm9i/]$ is a prodigi\s self-creat$ hi/orical eng9e4 ,popul> votes nev] e/abli%$ ! family1 private prop]ty1 religi\s practices1 or int]national fronti]s4 ,in/itutions1 ideals1 & adm9i/rators may all be su* z ! popul> classes c\ld nev] h produc$2 b ^! products ( natural ari/ocracy are suff]$ to subsi/ s long z no v urg5t prote/ is rais$ aga9/ !m4 ,! p's lib]ty consi/s n 9 _! orig9al responsibility = :at exi/s--= !y are guiltless ( x--b m]ely 9 ! faculty !y h acquir$ ( aboli%+ any detail t may di/ress or w\nd !m1 & ( impos+ any new measure1 :i*1 se5 aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( exi/+ laws1 may comm5d itself f "t to "t to _! in/9ct & m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,ideals & exp$i5ts4 ,if we turn f orig9s to ideals1 ! contra/ betwe5 social & political democracy is no less m>k$4 ,social democracy is a g5]al e?ical ideal1 look+ to human equality & bro!rhood1 & inconsi/5t1 9 its radical =m1 ) su* in/itutions z ! family & h]$it>y prop]ty4 ,democratic gov]nm5t1 on ! contr>y1 is m]ely a means to an end1 an exp$i5t = ! bett] & smoo!r gov]nm5t ( c]ta9 /ates at c]ta9 junctures4 ,x involves no special ideals ( life2 x is a "q ( policy1 namely1 :e!r ! g5]al int]e/ w be bett] s]v$ by grant+ all m5 7& p]haps all wom57 an equal voice 9 elections4 ,= political democracy1 aris+ 9 great & complex /ates1 mu/ necess>ily be a gov]nm5t by deputy1 & ! que/ions actually submitt$ to ! p c be only v l>ge r\gh matt]s ( g5]al policy or ( confid5ce 9 p>ty lead]s4 ,we may n[ add a few reflections ab\t ea* k9d ( democracy1 reg>d+ democratic gov]nm5t *iefly 9 its orig9 & phases 7= its function is t ( all gov]nm5t7 & social democracy *iefly z an ideal1 s9ce its orig9 is simply t ( society itself4 ,sid5ote3 ,well-f\nd$ di/ru/ ( rul]s4 ,yet exp]ts1 if rational1 w\ld s]ve common int]e/s4 ,! possibility ( intellig5t selfi%ness & ! preval5ce ( a selfi%ness f> f intellig5t unite to make m5 w>y 9 intru/+ _! int]e/s to "o ano!r's keep+4 ,if passion nev] ov]came prud5ce1 & if private prud5ce always c\nsell$ :at 0 pr(itable also to o!rs1 no objection c\ld arise to an ari/ocratic policy4 ,= if we assume a c]ta9 v>iety 9 end[m5ts & functions among m51 x w\ld evid5tly conduce to ! g5]al conv5i5ce t ea* man %\ld ex]cise 8 p[]s uncontroll$ by ! public voice4 ,! gov]nm5t1 hav+ facilities = in=mation & ready res\rces1 might be left to det]m9e all matt]s ( policy2 = its memb]s' private int]e/s w\ld co9cide ) ^? ( ! public1 & ev5 if prejudices & irrational habits prev5t$ !m f pursu+ _! own advantage1 !y w\ld surely n err m frequ5tly or m egregi\sly 9 t respect ?an w\ld ! private individual1 to ^: ignorant fancy e decision w\ld o!rwise h to be ref]r$4 ,?us 9 mon>*y e exp$i5t is seiz$ ^u to r5d] ! k+'s & ! c\ntry's int]e/s co9cid5t2 public prosp]ity fills 8 treasury1 ! arts adorn 8 c\rt1 ju/ice r5d]$ confirms 8 au?ority4 ,if reason 7 efficaci\s k+s might well be left to gov]n alone4 ,!ologians1 "u ! same hypo!sis1 might be tru/$ to draw up cre$s & codes ( morals2 &1 9 fact1 ev]yone ) a gift = managem5t or creation might be au?oris$ to execute 8 plans4 ,x is 9 ?is way1 p]haps1 t "s social animals manage _! affairs1 = !y seem to co-op]ate )\t ext]nal control4 ,t _! in/9ctive sy/em is f> f p]fect we may safely take = grant$2 b gov]nm5t1 too1 is n always adequate or wise4 ,:at spoils su* a spontane\s h>mony is t p nei!r und]/& _! own int]e/s nor h ! con/ancy to pursue !m sy/ematically2 & fur!r1 t _! p]sonal or animal int]e/s may actually cla%1 9 s f> z !y h n be5 h>monis$ by reason4 ,to rationalise an int]e/ is simply to correlate x ) e o!r int]e/ :i* x at all affects4 ,9 proportion z rational int]e/s pr$om9ate 9 a man & he e/eems rational satisfactions above all o!rs1 x becomes impossible t he %\ld injure ano!r by 8 action1 & unnecess>y t he %\ld sacrifice himself4 ,b ! worse & m brutal 8 nature is1 & ! less satisfaction he f9ds 9 ju/ice1 ! m ne$ he has to d viol5ce to himself1 le/ he %\ld be do+ x to o!rs4 ,?is is ! reason :y prea*+1 consci\s ef=t1 & ev5 education are su* feeble ag5cies = moral re=m3 only selection & "r bre$+ c\ld produce t g5u9e virtue :i* w\ld n ne$ to f9d goodness unpalatable nor to say1 9 express+ its own p]v]sities1 t a di/a/e = excell5ce is a condition ( be+ good4 ,b :5 a man is ill-begott5 & fooli%1 & hates ! means to 8 own happ9ess1 he naturally is n well fitt$ to secure t ( o!r p4 ,^? :o suff] by 8 folly are apt to ?9k him malici\s1 :]eas he is ! fir/ to suff] himself & kn[s t x 0 ! =ce ( circum/ances & a c]ta9 pa!tic helplessness 9 8 own s\l t l$ him into 8 errors4 ,sid5ote3 ,p jeal\s ( em95ce4 ,^! errors1 :5 !y are committ$ by a weak & passionate rul]1 are n easily =giv54 ,8 subjects attribute to him an intellig5ce he probably lacks2 !y call him trea*]\s or cruel :5 he is v likely yield+ to lazy habits & to insidi\s traditions4 ,!y see 9 e calamity t befalls !m a pro( t 8 int]e/s are radically ho/ile to !irs1 :]eas x is only 8 conduct t is s4 ,accord+ly1 9 proportion to _! al]tness & self-suffici5cy1 !y clam\r = ! "r to gov]n !mselves1 & usually secure x4 ,democratic gov]nm5t is f\nd$ on ! decay ( repres5tative em95ce4 ,x indicates t natural lead]s are no long] tru/$ m]ely because !y are ri*1 ent]pris+1 le>n$1 or old4 ,_! spontane\s action w\ld g awry4 ,!y mu/ n be all[$ to act )\t control4 ,m5 ( tal5t may be ne$$ & us$ 9 a democratic /ate2 !y may be occasionally hir$2 b !y w be closely wat*$ & direct$ by ! p1 :o fe> o!rwise to suff] ! p5alty ( fooli%ly intru/+ _! affairs to o!r m5's h&s4 ,a fool1 says a ,spani% prov]b1 kn[s m at home ?an a wise man at 8 neighb\r's4 ,s democratic in/9ct assumes t1 unless all ^? conc]n$ keep a vigilant eye on ! c\rse ( public bus9ess & frequ5tly pron\nce on its conduct1 !y w be=e long awake to ! fact t !y h be5 ignor$ & enslav$4 ,! implication is t ea* man is ! be/ judge ( 8 own int]e/s & ( ! means to advance !m2 or at lea/ t by mak+ himself 8 own guide he c 9 ! end ga9 ! requisite insight & ?us n only atta9 8 practical aims1 b also "s political & intellectual dignity4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is repres5tative4 ,all j gov]nm5t pursues ! g5]al good2 ! *oice betwe5 ari/ocratic & democratic =ms t\*es only ! means to t end4 ,"o arrangem5t may well be bett] fitt$ to "o place & "t1 & ano!r to ano!r4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! exi/5ce or non-exi/5ce ( available practical em95ce4 ,! democratic !ory is cle>ly wrong if x imag9es t em95ce is n naturally repres5tative4 ,em95ce is syn!tic & repres5ts :at x syn!sises4 ,an em95ce n repres5tative w\ld n con/itute excell5ce1 b m]ely extravagance or notoriety4 ,excell5ce 9 any?+1 :e!r ?\ght1 action1 or feel+1 consi/s 9 no?+ b repres5tation1 9 /&+ = _m diffuse con/itu5ts r$uc$ to h>mony1 s t ! wise mom5t is fill$ ) an activity 9 :i* ! up%ot ( ! exp]i5ce conc]n$ is mirror$ & reg>d$1 an activity j to all extant int]e/s & speak+ 9 _! total behalf4 ,b any?+ approa*+ su* true excell5ce is z r>e z x is great1 & a democratic society1 naturally jeal\s ( greatness1 may be excus$ = n expect+ true greatness & = n ev5 und]/&+ :at x is4 ,a gov]nm5t is n made repres5tative or j by ! me*anical exp$i5t ( elect+ its memb]s by univ]sal suffrage4 ,x becomes repres5tative only by embody+ 9 its policy1 :e!r by in/9ct or high intellig5ce1 ! p's consci\s & unconsci\s int]e/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,b subject to decay4 ,democratic !ory seems to be "r1 h[ev]1 ab\t ! actual failure ( !ocracies1 mon>*ies1 & olig>*ies to rema9 repres5tative & to secure ! g5]al good4 ,! true em95ce :i* natural lead]s may h possess$ 9 ! beg9n+ usually decl9es into a conv5tional & baseless au?ority4 ,! guid+ p[]s :i* came to save & express humanity fatt5 9 (fice & end by rev]s+ _! function4 ,! gov]nm5t rev]ts to ! primeval robb]2 ! *ur* /&s 9 ! way ( all wisdom4 ,"u su* circum/ances x is a happy ?+ if ! p possess en\gh initiative to ass]t !mselves &1 aft] cle>+ ! gr\nd 9 a m or less summ>y fa%ion1 all[ "s new organisation1 m repres5tative ( actual int]e/s1 to replace ! old encumbrances & tyrannies4 ,sid5ote3 ,anci5t citiz5%ip a privilege4 ,9 ! h]oic ages ( ,greece & ,rome patriotism 0 /imulat$ 9 manifold ways4 ,! city 0 a fa!rl&1 a *ur*1 an army1 & almo/ a family4 ,x _h its own s*ool ( art1 its own dialect1 its own fea/s1 its own fables4 ,e possible social int]e/ 0 ei!r embodi$ 9 ! love ( c\ntry or1 l fri5d%ip & fame1 closely associat$ ) x4 ,patriotism c\ld !n be expect$ to sway e m9d at all capable ( moral en?usiasm4 ,fur!rmore1 only ! fl[] ( ! population 7 citiz5s4 ,9 rural di/ricts ! f>m] might be a freeman2 b he probably _h slaves ^: "w he m]ely sup]9t5d$4 ,! mean] & m debas+ (fices1 m9+1 sea-f>+1 dome/ic s]vice1 & ! m labori\s "p ( all indu/ries1 7 relegat$ to slaves4 ,! citiz5s 7 a privileg$ class4 ,milit>y discipl9e & ! /reet life natural 9 ,m$it]ranean c\ntries1 kept public ev5ts & public m5 always "u ev]ybody's eyes3 ! /ate 0 a bodily pres5ce4 ,democracy1 :5 x arose 9 su* communities1 0 /ill ari/ocratic2 x impos$ few new duties ^u ! common citiz5s1 :ile x diffus$ _m privileges & exemptions among !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,mod]n democracy indu/rial4 ,! social democracy :i* is ! ideal ( _m 9 mod]n times1 on ! o!r h&1 excludes slav]y1 unites :ole nations & ev5 all mank9d into a society ( equals1 & admits no local or racial privileges by :i* ! s5se ( fell[%ip may be /imulat$4 ,public _s c\ld n be su/a9$ 9 su* a community by exemptions1 rivalries1 or ambitions4 ,no "o1 inde$1 w\ld be a slave1 ev]yone w\ld h an elem5t>y education & a *ance to demon/rate 8 capacity2 b he w\ld be probably condemn$ to ^? occupations :i* 9 anci5t republics 7 assign$ to slaves4 ,at lea/ at ! op5+ ( 8 c>e] he w\ld f9d himself on ! l[e/ subsi/+ plane ( humanity1 & he w\ld probably rema9 on x ?r\gh\t 8 life4 ,9 o!r words1 ! citiz5s ( a social democracy w\ld be all lab\r]s2 = ev5 ^? :o rose to be lead]s w\ld1 9 a g5u9e democracy1 rise f ! ranks & belong 9 education & habits to ! same class z all ! o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,dang]s to curr5t civilisation4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! fir/ virtue :i* a democratic society w\ld h to possess w\ld be en?usia/ic dilig5ce4 ,! motives = "w :i* h hi!rto prevail$ 9 ! _w h be5 want1 ambition1 & love ( occupation3 9 a social democracy1 aft] ! fir/ 0 elim9at$1 ! la/ alone w\ld rema9 efficaci\s4 ,love ( occupation1 al?\gh x occasionally accompanies & *e]s e sort ( lab\r1 c\ld nev] induce m5 orig9ally to und]take ardu\s & un9t]e/+ tasks1 nor to p]sev]e 9 !m if by *ance or wayw>dness su* tasks _h be5 once und]tak54 ,incl9ation c nev] be ! g5]al motive = ! "w n[ impos$ on ! masses4 ,be=e lab\r c be its own rew>d x mu/ become less cont9u\s1 m v>i$1 m responsive to individual temp]am5t & capacity4 ,o!rwise x w\ld n cease to repress & w>p human faculties4 ,a /ate compos$ exclusively ( su* workm5 & peasants z make up ! bulk ( mod]n nations w\ld be an utt]ly b>b>\s /ate4 ,e lib]al tradition w\ld p]i% 9 x2 & ! rational & hi/oric ess5ce ( patriotism itself w\ld be lo/4 ,! emotion ( x1 no d\bt1 w\ld endure1 = x is n g5]osity t ! p lack4 ,!y possess e impulse2 x is exp]i5ce t !y _c ga!r1 = 9 ga!r+ x !y w\ld be con/itut+ ^? high] organs t make up an ari/ocratic society4 ,civilisation has hi!rto consi/$ 9 diffusion & dilution ( habits aris+ 9 privileg$ c5tres4 ,x has n sprung f ! p2 x has aris5 9 _! mid/ by a v>iation f !m1 & x has aft]w>d impos$ itself on !m f above4 ,all its f\nd]s 9 antiquity pass$ = demi-gods or 7 at lea/ inspir$ by an oracle or a nymph4 ,! vital g5ius ?us bur/+ =? & speak+ ) au?ority ga9$ a c]ta9 asc5d5cy 9 ! _w2 x mitigat$ b>b>ism )\t remov+ x4 ,?is is "o fault1 among o!rs1 :i* curr5t civilisation has2 x is artificial4 ,if social democracy c\ld bre$ a new civilisation out ( ! p1 ?is new civilisation w\ld be pr(\nd] ?an ours & m p]vasive4 ,b x d\btless _c4 ,:at we h re/s on conque/ & conv]sion1 on lead]%ip & imitation1 on ma/]%ip & s]vice4 ,to aboli% ari/ocracy1 9 ! s5se ( social privilege & sanctifi$ au?ority w\ld be to cut (f ! s\rce f :i* all culture has hi!rto fl[$4 ,sid5ote3 ,is curr5t civilisation a good8 ,civilisation1 h[ev]1 al?\gh we are wont to speak ! ^w ) a c]ta9 unction1 is a ?+ ^: value may be que/ion$4 ,"o way ( def5d+ ! democratic ideal is to d5y t civilisation is a good4 ,9 "o s5se1 inde$1 social democracy is ess5tially a rev]sion to a m simple life1 m ,arcadian & idyllic ?an t :i* ari/ocracy has fo/]$4 ,equality is m easily atta9$ 9 a patri>*al age ?an 9 an age ( conc5trat$ & int5se activities4 ,possessions1 ideal & mat]ial1 may be few] 9 a simple community1 b !y are m easily %>$ & b9d m5 toge!r 9 moral & imag9ative bonds in/ead ( divid+ !m1 z d all highly elaborate ways ( liv+ or ?9k+4 ,! necess>ies ( life c be enjoy$ by a rural p1 liv+ 9 a sp>sely settl$ c\ntry1 & among ^! necess>ies might be c\nt$ n only bread & rags1 :i* ev]yone comes by 9 "s fa%ion ev5 9 our society1 b t communal religion1 poetry1 & fell[%ip :i* ! civilis$ poor are s (t5 )\t4 ,if social democracy %\ld triumph & take ?is direction x w\ld beg9 by greatly dim9i%+ ! am\nt ( lab\r p]=m$ 9 ! _w4 ,all in/rum5ts ( luxury1 _m in/rum5ts ( va9 k & art1 w\ld no long] be produc$4 ,we might see ! means ( communication1 lately s m>vell\sly develop$1 aga9 disus$2 ! hulks ( great /eam]s ru/+ 9 h>b\rs1 ! railway bridges collaps+ & ! tunnels *ok$2 :ile a rural population1 ) a few necess>y & p]fect$ manufactures1 w\ld spread ov] ! l& & ab&on ! great cities to ru91 call+ !m seats ( ,babylonian s]vitude & folly4 ,su* anticipations may seem fanta/ic1 & ( c\rse !re is no probability t a reaction aga9/ mat]ial progress %\ld set 9 9 ! ne> future1 s9ce z yet ! tide ( comm]cialism & population cont9ues ev]y:]e to rise2 b does any ?\ghtful man suppose t ^! t5d5cies w be et]nal & t ! pres5t exp]im5t 9 civilisation is ! la/ ! _w w see8 ,sid5ote3 ,horrors ( mat]iali/ic democracy4 ,if social democracy1 h[ev]1 refus$ to dim9i% lab\r & weal? & propos$ r to accel]ate mat]ial progress & keep e furnace at full bla/1 x w\ld come face to face ) a s]i\s problem4 ,by :om w\ld ! product be enjoy$8 ,by ^? :o creat$ x8 ,:at sort ( pleasures1 arts1 & sci5ces w\ld ^? grimy workm5 h "t & en]gy = aft] a day ( hot & unremitt+ ex]tion8 ,:at sort ( religion w\ld fill _! ,sabba?s & _! dreams8 ,we see h[ !y sp5d _! leisure to-day1 :5 a /rong ari/ocratic tradition & ! pres5ce ( a ri* class /ill pr(\ndly influ5ce popul> ideals4 ,imag9e ^? ari/ocratic influ5ces remov$1 & w\ld any head be lift$ above a dead level ( inf9ite dulness & vulg>ity8 ,w\ld mank9d be any?+ b a trivial1 s5su\s1 sup]/iti\s1 cu/om-ridd5 h]d8 ,!re is no tyranny s hateful z a vulg> & anonym\s tyranny4 ,x is all-p]meat+1 all-?w>t+2 x bla/s e budd+ novelty & sprig ( g5ius ) its omnipres5t & fi]ce /upidity4 ,su* a headless p has ! m9d ( a worm & ! claws ( a dragon4 ,anyone w\ld be a h]o :o %\ld quell ! mon/]4 ,a =eign invad] or dome/ic despot w\ld at lea/ h /eps to 8 ?rone1 possible /&+-places = art & intellig5ce2 8 sup]cili\s indiff]5ce w\ld disc\nt5ance ! popul> gods1 & all[ "s c\rage\s h& at la/ to %att] !m4 ,social democracy at high pressure w\ld leave no room = lib]ty4 ,! only freeman 9 x w\ld be "o ^: :ole ideal 0 to be an av]age man4 ,sid5ote3 ,timocracy or sociali/ic democracy4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 social democracy might take a m lib]al =m4 ,x might all[ ! b5efits ( civilisation to be integrat$ 9 em95t m51 ^: influ5ce 9 turn %\ld direct & temp] ! g5]al life4 ,?is w\ld be timocracy--a gov]nm5t by m5 ( m]it4 ,! same abilities :i* rais$ ^! m5 to em95ce w\ld enable !m to appreh5d ideal ?+s & to employ mat]ial res\rces = ! common advantage4 ,!y w\ld =mulate religion1 cultivate ! arts & sci5ces1 provide = gov]nm5t & all public conv5i5ces1 & inspire patriotism by _! disc\rse & example4 ,at ! same "t a new motive w\ld be add$ to common lab\r1 ,i mean ambition4 ,= !re w\ld be n only a possibility ( great] rew>d b a possibility ( great] s]vice4 ,! competitive motive :i* socialism is suppos$ to de/roy w\ld be re/or$ 9 timocracy1 & an inc5tive (f]$ to excell5ce & indu/ry4 ,! c\ntry's res\rces w\ld increase = ! v reason t somebody might conceivably pr(it by !m2 & ev]yone w\ld h at lea/ an ideal int]e/ 9 m9i/]+ to t complete life :i* he or 8 *ildr51 or :oev] 0 mo/ capable ( appreciation1 0 actually to enjoy4 ,su* a timocracy 7( :i* ! ,roman ,*ur* is a good example7 w\ld diff] f ! social ari/ocracy t n[ exi/s only by ! removal ( h]$it>y advantages4 ,p w\ld be born equal1 b !y w\ld gr[ unequal1 & ! only equality subsi/+ w\ld be equality ( opportunity4 ,if p[] rema9$ 9 ! p's h&s1 ! gov]nm5t w\ld be democratic2 b a full developm5t ( timocracy w\ld all[ ! prov$ lead] to ga9 great asc5dancy4 ,! bett] security ! law (f]$ t ! m5 at ! top %\ld be excell5t1 ! less re/ra9t w\ld x ne$ to put ^u !m :5 once 9 _! places4 ,_! em95ce w\ld inde$ h be5 factiti\s & _! /ation undes]v$ if !y 7 n able to see & d :at 0 requisite bett] ?an ! community at l>ge4 ,an assembly has only ! lights common to ! majority ( its memb]s1 f> less1 !re=e1 ?an its memb]s h :5 add$ toge!r & less ev5 ?an ! wis] "p ( !m4 ,a timocracy w\ld !re=e seem to unite ! advantages ( all =ms ( gov]nm5t & to avoid _! respective abuses4 ,x w\ld promote fre$om sci5tifically4 ,x might be a mon>*y1 if m5 exi/$ fit to be k+s2 b !y w\ld h to give signs ( _! fitness & _! hon\rs w\ld probably n be h]$it>y4 ,l ari/ocracy1 x w\ld display a great div]sity ( in/itutions & sup]pos$ classes1 a /imulat+ v>iety 9 ways ( liv+2 x w\ld be fav\rable to art & sci5ce & to noble idiosyncrasies4 ,among its activities ! culm9at+ & mo/ conspicu\s ones w\ld be lib]al4 ,yet !re w\ld be no isolation ( ! ari/ocratic body2 its blood w\ld be drawn f ! p1 & only its traditions f itself4 ,l social democracy1 f9ally1 x w\ld be j & op5 to e man1 b x w\ld n depress humanity nor wi% to ca/ ev]ybody 9 a common m\ld4 ,sid5ote3 ,! difficulty ! same z 9 all ,socialism4 ,!re are imm5se difficulties1 h[ev]1 9 ! way ( su* a ,utopia1 "s physical & o!rs moral4 ,timocracy w\ld h to beg9 by uproot+ ! individual f 8 pres5t natural soil & transplant+ him to t 9 :i* 8 _s might fl\ri% be/4 ,?is propos$ transf] is :at makes ! sy/em ideally excell5t1 s9ce nature is a means only2 b x makes x also almo/ impossible to e/abli%1 s9ce nature is ! only efficaci\s p[]4 ,timocracy c arise only 9 ! few =tunate cases :]e mat]ial & social =ces h driv5 m5 to t situation 9 :i* _! s\ls c pr(it mo/1 & :]e !y f9d no influ5ces m p]suasive ?an ^? :i* are mo/ lib]at+4 ,x is cle>1 = in/ance1 t timocracy w\ld exclude ! family or greatly weak5 x4 ,s\l & body w\ld be :olly transf]r$ to t m$ium :]e lay ! creature's spiritual aff9ities2 8 orig9s w\ld be disreg>d$ on pr9ciple1 except :]e !y might help to =eca/ 8 disposition4 ,life w\ld become he>tily civic1 corporate1 conv5tual2 o!rwise opportunities w\ld n be equal 9 ! beg9n+1 nor culture & happ9ess p]fect 9 ! end1 & id5tical4 ,we h se51 h[ev]1 :at difficulties & dang]s surr\nd any revolution 9 t ideal direction4 ,ev5 less p]fect polities1 t leave m to *ance1 w\ld require a moral trans=mation 9 mank9d if !y 7 to be truly successful4 ,a motive :i* n[ g5]ates political democracy1 impati5ce ( sacrifice1 mu/1 9 a good social democracy1 be turn$ into its opposite4 ,m5 mu/ be glad to lab\r unselfi%ly 9 ! _s ( art or ( religi\s s]vice3 = if !y lab\r selfi%ly1 ! high] organs ( ! /ate w\ld p]i%1 s9ce only a few c pr(it by !m mat]ially2 :ile if !y neglect _! "w1 civilisation loses t int5sive developm5t :i* x 0 propos$ to ma9ta94 ,ea* man w\ld ne$ to =get himself & n to *afe "u 8 natural limitations4 ,he mu/ f9d 8 happ9ess 9 see+ 8 daily task gr[ "u 8 h&s2 & :51 9 speculative mom5ts1 he lifts 8 eyes f 8 lab\r1 he mu/ f9d an ideal satisfaction 9 patriotism1 9 love = t complex society to :i* he is contribut+ an inf9itesimal s]vice4 ,he mu/ le>n to be happy )\t weal?1 fame1 or p[]1 & ) no rew>d save 8 mode/ livelihood & an ideal p>ticipation 9 8 c\ntry's greatness4 ,x is a _s h>dly to be ma9ta9$ )\t a close organisation & mu* tra9+2 & z milit>y & religi\s timocracies h dep5d$ on discipl9e & a m9ute rule ( life1 s an indu/rial timocracy w\ld h to dep5d on guilds & unions1 :i* w\ld make l>ge inroads ^u p]sonal fre$om4 ,sid5ote3 ,! masses w\ld h to be plebeian 9 position & patrician 9 feel+4 ,! "q "h sugge/s itself :e!r su* a citiz51 once hav+ accept$ 8 humble lot1 w\ld be 9 a diff]5t position f ! plebeians 9 an ari/ocracy4 ,! same subord9ation w\ld be impos$ ^u him1 only ! gr\nd assign$ = 8 submission w\ld be no long] self-int]e/ & necessity1 b patriotic duty4 ,?is patriotism w\ld h to be ( an exalt$ type4 ,its end w\ld n be1 z 9 indu/rial society1 to secure ! private int]e/s ( ea* citiz52 its end w\ld be ! glory & p]fection ( ! /ate z imag9ation or philosophy might conceive !m4 ,?is glory & p]fection w\ld n be a b5efit to anyone :o 0 n 9 "s degree a philosoph] & a poet4 ,!y w\ld seem1 !n1 to be ! special int]e/s ( an ari/ocracy1 n inde$ an ari/ocracy ( weal? or p[]1 b an ari/ocracy ( noble m9ds4 ,^? ^: he>ts c\ld prize ! /ate's ideal p]fection w\ld be ^? 9 :om its b5efits w\ld be integrat$4 ,& ! common citiz5 w\ld f9d 9 _! exi/5ce1 & 9 8 own p>ticipation 9 _! virtue1 ! sole ju/ification = 8 loyalty4 ,ideal patriotism is n secur$ :5 ea* man1 al?\gh )\t natural em95ce1 pursues 8 private int]e/s4 ,:at r5d]s man an imag9ative & moral be+ is t 9 society he gives new aims to 8 life :i* c\ld n h exi/$ 9 solitude3 ! aims ( fri5d%ip1 religion1 sci5ce1 & art4 ,all ^! aims1 9 a well-knit /ate1 are cov]$ by ! s+le passion ( patriotism2 & !n a conception ( "o's c\ntry1 its hi/ory & mission becomes ! t\*/one ( e ideal impulse4 ,timocracy requires ?is k9d ( patriotism 9 ev]ybody2 s t if public duty is n to become a sacrifice impos$ on ! _m = ! sake ( ! few1 z 9 ari/ocracy1 ! reason c only be t ! _m covet1 appreciate1 & appropriate _! c\ntry's ideal glories1 q z mu* z ! fav\r$ class ev] c\ld 9 any ari/ocracy4 ,sid5ote3 ,organisation = ideal ends bre$s fanaticism4 ,is ?is possible8 ,:at might happ5 if ! human race 7 imm5sely improv$ & exalt$ !re is z yet no say+2 b exp]i5ce has giv5 no example ( efficaci\s devotion to communal ideals except 9 small cities1 held toge!r by close milit>y & religi\s bonds & hav+ no important relations to any?+ ext]nal4 ,ev5 ?is antique virtue 0 %ort-liv$ & sadly ?w>t$ by private & p>ty passion4 ,:]e public _s has held be/1 z at ,sp>ta or 7to take a v diff]5t type ( communal passion7 among ! ,jesuits1 x has be5 paid = by a notable lack ( spontaneity & wisdom2 su* inhuman devotion to an arbitr>y end has made ^! societies odi\s4 ,we may say1 !re=e1 t a zeal suffici5t to de/roy selfi%ness is1 z m5 are n[ con/itut$1 worse ?an selfi%ness itself4 ,9 pursu+ prizes = !mselves p b5efit _! fell[s m ?an 9 pursu+ su* n>r[ & irrational ideals z alone seem to be p[]ful 9 ! _w4 ,to ambition1 to ! love ( weal? & hon\r1 to love ( a lib]ty :i* meant opportunity = exp]im5t & adv5ture1 we owe :atev] b5efits we h d]iv$ f ,greece & ,rome1 f ,italy & ,engl&4 ,x is d\btful :e!r a society :i* (f]$ no p]sonal prizes w\ld inspire ef=t2 & x is /ill m d\btful :e!r t ef=t1 if actually /imulat$ by education1 w\ld be b5efic5t4 ,= an indoctr9at$ & collective virtue turns easily to fanaticism2 x imposes irrational sacrifices prompt$ by "s ab/ract pr9ciple or habit once1 p]haps1 useful2 b t conv5tion soon becomes sup]/iti\s & ceases to repres5t g5]al human excell5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,public _s ! life ( democracy4 ,n[ x is 9 ! _s ( social democracy to (f] no prizes4 ,(fice 9 x1 be+ ! rew>d ( no great di/9ction1 br+s no great hon\r1 & be+ meanly paid x br+s no great pr(it1 at lea/ :ile hone/ly adm9i/]$4 ,all weal? 9 a true democracy w\ld be ! fruit ( p]sonal ex]tion & w\ld come too late to be nobly enjoy$ or to tea* ! art ( lib]al liv+4 ,x w\ld be ei!r accumulat$ irrationally or giv5 away outright4 ,& if =tunes c\ld n be transmitt$ or us$ to f\nd a great family !y w\ld lose _! *ief imag9ative *>m4 ,! pleasures a democratic society af=ds are vulg> & n ev5 by an amiable illusion c !y become an aim 9 life4 ,a life ( pleasure requires an ari/ocratic sett+ to make x int]e/+ or really conceivable4 ,intellectual & arti/ic greatness does n ne$ prizes1 b x sorely ne$s sympa?y & a propiti\s environm5t4 ,g5ius1 l goodness 7:i* c /& alone71 w\ld arise 9 a democratic society z frequ5tly z else:]e2 b x might n be s well f$ or s well assimilat$4 ,!re w\ld at lea/ be no artificial & simulat$ m]it2 ev]ybody w\ld take 8 ease 9 8 inn & sprawl unbutton$ )\t respect = any f9] judgm5t or p]=mance ?an t :i* he himself 0 incl9$ to4 ,! only excell5ce subsi/+ w\ld be spontane\s excell5ce1 inw>dly prompt$1 sure ( itself1 & inw>dly rew>d$4 ,= su* excell5ce to gr[ g5]al mank9d mu/ be notably trans=m$4 ,if a noble & civilis$ democracy is to subsi/1 ! common citiz5 mu/ be some?+ ( a sa9t & some?+ ( a h]o4 ,we see !re=e h[ ju/ly flatt]+ & pr(\nd1 & at ! same "t h[ om9\s1 0 ,montesquieu's say+ t ! pr9ciple ( democracy is virtue4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,free ,,society ,sid5ote3 ,primacy ( nature ov] _s4 ,natural society unites be+s 9 "t & space2 x fixes affection on ^? creatures on :i* we dep5d & to :i* our action mu/ be adapt$4 ,natural society beg9s at home & radiates ov] ! _w1 z m & m ?+s become tribut>y to our p]sonal be+4 ,9 m>riage & ! family1 9 indu/ry1 gov]nm5t1 & w>1 att5tion is rivet$ on temporal exi/5ces1 on ! =tunes ( p>ticul> bodies1 natural or corporate4 ,!re is !n a primacy ( nature ov] _s 9 social life2 & ?is primacy1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 endures to ! end1 s9ce all _s mu/ be ! _s ( some?+1 & reason c\ld n exi/ or be conceiv$ at all unless a mat]ial organism1 p]sonal or social1 lay b5ea? to give ?\ght an occasion & a po9t ( view1 & to give pref]5ce a direction4 ,?+s c\ld n be ne> or f>1 worse or bett]1 unless a def9ite life 7 tak5 z a /&>d1 a life lodg$ some:]e 9 space & "t4 ,reason is a pr9ciple ( ord] appe>+ 9 a subject-matt] :i* 9 its subsi/5ce & quantity mu/ be an irrational datum4 ,reason expresses purpose1 purpose expresses impulse1 & impulse expresses a natural body ) self-equilibrat+ p[]s4 ,at ! same "t1 natural gr[?s may be call$ a*ievem5ts only because1 :5 =m$1 !y support a joyful & lib]al exp]i5ce4 ,nature's works fir/ acquire a mean+ 9 ! comm5t>ies !y provoke2 me*anical processes h int]e/+ climaxes only f ! po9t ( view ( ! life t expresses !m1 9 :i* _! ebb & fl[ gr[s impassion$ & vehem5t4 ,nature's values are imput$ to h] retroactively by _s1 :i* 9 its mat]ial dep5d5ce has a logical & moral primacy ( its own4 ,9 !mselves ev5ts are p]fectly me*anical1 /eady1 & fluid1 n /opp+ :]e we see a goal nor avoid+ :at we call failures4 ,& s !y w\ld always h rema9$ 9 crude exp]i5ce1 if no cumulative reflection1 no art1 & no sci5ce _h come to dom9ate & =e%ort5 t equable fl[ ( sub/ance1 arre/+ x ideally 9 behalf ( "s rational int]e/4 ,?us x comes to pass t rational int]e/s h a c]ta9 asc5dancy 9 ! _w1 z well z an absolute au?ority ov] x2 = !y arise :]e an organic equilibrium has naturally e/abli%$ itself4 ,su* an equilibrium ma9ta9s itself by virtue ( ! same necessity t produc$ x2 )\t arre/+ ! flux or introduc+ any miracle1 x su/a9s 9 be+ an ideal =m4 ,?is =m is :at consci\sness corresponds to & raises to actual exi/5ce2 s t significant ?\ghts are some?+ :i* nature necess>ily l+]s ^u & seems to s]ve4 ,! be+ to :om !y come is ! mo/ widely bas$ & syn!tic ( h] creatures4 ,! m9d spreads & so>s 9 proportion z ! body fe$s on ! surr\nd+ _w4 ,noble ideas1 al?\gh r>e & difficult to atta91 are n naturally fugitive4 ,sid5ote3 ,all exp]i5ce at bottom lib]al4 ,consci\sness is n ideal m]ely 9 its highe/ phases2 x is ideal ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,on "o level z mu* z on ano!r1 x celebrates an atta9$ balance 9 nature1 or grieves at its collapse2 x prophesies & rememb]s1 x loves & dreams4 ,x sees ev5 nature f ! po9t ( view ( ideal int]e/s1 & measures ! flux ( ?+s by ideal /&>ds4 ,x regi/]s its own movem5t1 l t ( its objects1 entirely 9 ideal t]ms1 look+ to fix$ goals ( its own imag9+1 & us+ no?+ 9 ! op]ation b concretions 9 disc\rse4 ,prim>y ma!matical notions1 = in/ance1 are evid5ces ( a successful reactive me?od atta9$ 9 ! organism & translat$ 9 consci\sness into a /able gramm> :i* has wide applicability & great p]si/5ce1 s t x has come to be elaborat$ ideally into prodigi\s ab/ract sy/ems ( ?\ght4 ,e exp]i5ce ( victory1 eloqu5ce1 or beauty is a mom5t>y success ( ! same k9d1 & if repeat$ & su/a9$ becomes a spiritual possession4 ,sid5ote3 ,social exp]i5ce has its ideality too4 ,society also bre$s its ideal h>monies4 ,at fir/ x e/abli%es affections betwe5 be+s naturally conjo9$ 9 ! _w2 lat] x gr[s s5sitive to free & spiritual aff9ities1 to on5ess ( m9d & sympa!tic purposes4 ,^! ideal aff9ities1 al?\gh gr\nd$ l ! o!rs on mat]ial relations 7= sympa?y presupposes communication71 d n h ^? relations = _! !me b re/ on !m m]ely z on a p$e/al f :i* !y look away to _! own realm1 z music1 :ile su/a9$ by vibrat+ in/rum5ts1 looks away f !m to its own univ]se ( s\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,! self an ideal4 ,ideal society is a drama enact$ exclusively 9 ! imag9ation4 ,its p]sonages are all my?ical1 beg9n+ ) t brave protagoni/ :o calls himself ,i & speaks all ! soliloquies4 ,:5 mo/ ne>ly mat]ial ^! p]sonages are human s\ls--! ideal life ( p>ticul> bodies--or float+ mortal reputations--e*oes ( ^? ideal lives 9 "o ano!r4 ,f ?is relative sub/antiality !y fade into notions ( c\ntry1 po/]ity1 humanity1 & ! gods4 ,^! figures all repres5t "s circle ( ev5ts or =ces 9 ! real _w2 b su* repres5tation1 besides be+ my?ical1 is usually mo/ inadequate4 ,! b\nd>ies ( t prov9ce :i* ea* _s presides ov] are vaguely drawn1 ! _s itself be+ correspond+ly indef9ite4 ,?is ambiguity is mo/ conspicu\s1 p]haps1 9 ! mo/ absorb+ ( ! p]sonages :i* a man con/ructs 9 ?is imag9ative fa%ion--8 idea ( himself4 8,!re is society :]e none intrudes20 & = mo/ m5 sympa?y ) _! imag9>y selves is a p[]ful & dom9ant emotion4 ,true memory (f]s b a meagre & int]rupt$ vi/a ( pa/ exp]i5ce1 yet ev5 t picture is f> too ri* a t]m = m5tal disc\rse to b&y ab\t2 a "n ) a few physical & social connotations is :at mu/ repres5t ! man to 8 own ?9k+s4 ,or r x is no memory1 h[ev] evisc]at$1 t fulfils t (fice4 ,a man's notion ( himself is a concretion 9 disc\rse = :i* 8 m con/ant somatic feel+s1 8 rul+ int]e/s1 & 8 social relations furni% mo/ ( ! sub/ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,romantic egotism4 ,! m reflective & self-consci\s a man is ! m completely w 8 exp]i5ce be subsum$ & absorb$ 9 8 p]5nial 8,i40 ,if philosophy has come to re9=ce ?is reflective egotism1 he may ev5 reg>d all nature z no?+ b 8 half-volunt>y dream & enc\rage himself !reby to give ev5 to ! physical _w a dramatic & s5tim5tal col\r4 ,b ! m successful he is 9 /uff+ ev]y?+ into 8 self-consci\sness1 ! m desolate w ! void become :i* surr\nds him4 ,= self is1 aft] all1 b "o t]m 9 a primitive di*otomy & w\ld lose its specific & intimate "* 7 x no long] contra/$ ) any?+ else4 ,! egoti/ mu/ !re=e p ! des]t he has spread ab\t him1 & he naturally peoples x ) my?ical c\nt]p>ts ( himself4 ,sometimes1 if 8 imag9ation is s5su\s1 8 alt]-egos are inc>nate 9 ! l&scape1 & he creates a poetic my?ology2 sometimes1 :5 ! inn] life pr$om9ates1 !y are project$ into 8 own =gott5 pa/ or inf9ite future4 ,he w !n say t all exp]i5ce is really 8 own & t "s inexplicable illusion has mom5t>ily rais$ opaque p>titions 9 8 omnisci5t m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,vanity4 ,philosoph]s less pret5ti\s & m worldly ?an ^! h sometimes felt1 9 _! way1 ! absorb+ =ce ( self-consci\sness4 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld c\ld describe am\r propre z ! spr+ ( all human s5tim5ts4 ,am\r propre involves preoccupation n m]ely ) ! idea ( self1 b ) t idea reproduc$ 9 o!r m5's m9ds2 ! soliloquy has become a dialogue1 or r a solo ) an e*o+ *orus4 ,int]e/ 9 "o's own social figure is to "s ext5t a mat]ial int]e/1 = o!r m5's love or av]sion is a pr9ciple read into _! acts2 & a social animal l man is dep5d5t on o!r m5's acts = 8 happ9ess4 ,an individual's conc]n = ! attitude society takes t[>d him is !re=e 9 ! fir/ in/ance conc]n = 8 own practical welf>e4 ,b imag9ation "h ref9es ^u worldly int]e/4 ,:at o!rs ?9k ( u w\ld be ( little mom5t did x n1 :5 kn[n1 s deeply t+e :at we ?9k ( ourselves4 ,no?+ c\ld bett] prove ! my?ical "* ( self-consci\sness ?an ?is extreme s5sitiv5ess to ali5 op9ions2 = if a man really knew himself he w\ld utt]ly despise ! ignorant notions o!rs might =m on a subject 9 :i* he _h su* mat*less opportunities = obs]vation4 ,inde$1 ^? op9ions w\ld h>dly seem to him direct$ ^u ! reality at all1 & he w\ld laugh at !m z he might at ! /ock =tune-tell+ ( "s it9]ant gypsy4 ,z x is1 h[ev]1 ! lea/ brea? ( irresponsible & anonym\s c5sure la%es our self-e/eem & sometimes q trans=ms our plans & affections4 ,! passions graft$ on w\nd$ pride are ! mo/ invet]ate2 !y are gre5 & vigor\s 9 old age4 ,we crave support 9 vanity1 z we d 9 religion1 & nev] =give contradictions 9 t sph]e2 = h[ev] p]si/5t & passionate su* prejudices may be1 we "k too well t !y are wov5 ( ?9 air4 ,a ho/ile ^w1 by />t+ a contr>y imag9ative curr5t1 buffets !m rudely & ?reat5s to dissolve _! be+4 ,sid5ote3 ,ambiguities ( fame4 ,! highe/ =m ( vanity is love ( fame4 ,x is a passion easy to d]ide b h>d to und]/&1 & 9 m5 :o live at all by imag9ation almo/ impossible to eradicate4 ,! good op9ion ( po/]ity c h no possible effect on our =tunes1 & ! practical value :i* reputation may tempor>ily h is q abs5t 9 po/hum\s fame4 ,! direct object ( ?is passion--t a "n %\ld survive 9 m5's m\?s to :i* no adequate idea ( its orig9al c be atta*$--seems a ?9 & fanta/ic satisfaction1 especially :5 we consid] h[ little we %\ld probably sympa?ise ) ! creatures t are to rememb] u4 ,:at com=t w\ld x be to ,virgil t boys /ill read him at s*ool1 or to ,p9d> t he is sometimes m5tion$ 9 a _w f :i* ev]y?+ he lov$ has dep>t$8 ,yet1 b5ea? ?is desire = nom9al longevity1 app>5tly s inane1 !re may lurk an ideal ambition ( :i* ! anci5ts _c h be5 unconsci\s :5 !y set s high a value on fame4 ,!y (t5 id5tifi$ fame ) immortality1 a subject on :i* !y _h f> m rational s5tim5ts ?an h s9ce prevail$4 ,sid5ote3 ,its possible ideality4 ,fame1 z a noble m9d conceives & desires x1 is n embodi$ 9 a monum5t1 a biography1 or ! repetition ( a /range "n by /rang]s2 x consi/s 9 ! immortality ( a man's "w1 8 _s1 8 efficacy1 9 ! p]petual rejuv5ation ( 8 s\l 9 ! _w4 ,:5 ,horace--no model ( magnanimity--wrote 8 exegi monum5tum1 he 0 n ?9k+ t ! pleasure he w\ld cont9ue to give w\ld rem9d p ( 8 trivial p]sonality1 :i* inde$ he nev] p>ticul>ly celebrat$ & :i* _h mu* bett] lie buri$ ) 8 bones4 ,he 0 ?9k+1 ( c\rse1 ( t pleasure itself2 ?9k+ t ! delight1 half lyric1 half s>ca/ic1 :i* ^? delicate cameos _h giv5 him to c>ve w\ld be p]5nially r5ew$ 9 all :o retrac$ !m4 ,nay1 p]haps we may n g too f> 9 say+ t ev5 t imp]sonal satisfaction 0 n ! deepe/ he felt2 ! deepe/1 v likely1 fl[$ f ! immortality1 n ( 8 monum5t1 b ( ! subject & passion x commemorat$2 t t5d]ness1 ,i mean1 & t disillusion ) mortal life :i* r5d]$ 8 v]se immortal4 ,he _h express$1 & 9 express+ appropriat$1 "s recurr+ human moods1 "s mock+ r5unciations2 & he knew t 8 _s 0 immortal1 be+ l9k$ & id5tifi$ ) t portion ( ! tru?4 ,he _h become a little spokesman ( humanity1 utt]+ :at all exp]i5ce repeats m or less articulately2 & ev5 if he %\ld cease to be hon\r$ 9 m5's memories1 he w\ld cont9ue to be unwitt+ly hon\r$ & ju/ifi$ 9 _! lives4 ,:at we may conceive to h come 9 ?is way ev5 )9 a ,horace's appreh5sion is und\bt$ly :at has atta*$ _m nobl] s\ls to fame4 ,) an inv]sion ( moral d]ivations :i* all my?ical expression involves we speak ( fame z ! rew>d ( g5ius1 :]eas 9 tru? g5ius1 ! imag9ative dom9ion ( exp]i5ce1 is its own rew>d & fame is b a fooli% image by :i* its wor? is symbolis$4 ,:5 ! ,virg9 9 ! ,magnificat says1 8,behold1 f h5ce=? all g5]ations %all call me bless$10 ! psalmi/ surely means to express a spiritual exaltation exempt f vanity2 he m]ely translates into a rhetorical figure ! fact t :at _h be5 fir/ reveal$ to ,m>y w\ld also bless all g5]ations4 ,t ! ,*ur* %\ld 9 consequ5ce deem & pron\nce h] bless$ is an incid5t describ+1 b n creat+1 ! unanimity 9 _! religi\s joys4 ,fame is ?us ! outw>d sign or recognition ( an inw>d repres5tative au?ority resid+ 9 g5ius or good =tune1 an au?ority 9 :i* lies ! :ole wor? ( fame4 ,^? w sub/antially rememb] & hon\r u :o keep our ideals1 & we %all live on 9 ^? ages ^: exp]i5ce we h anticipat$4 ,free society diff]s f t :i* is natural & legal precisely 9 ?is1 t x does n cultivate relations :i* 9 ! la/ analysis are exp]i5c$ & mat]ial1 b turns exclusively to unanimities 9 mean+s1 to collaborations 9 an ideal _w4 ,! basis ( free society is ( c\rse natural1 z we said1 b free society has ideal goals4 ,spirits _c t\* save by becom+ unanim\s4 ,at ! same "t public op9ion1 reputation1 & imp]sonal sympa?y re9=ce only v g5]al feel+s1 & re9=ce !m vaguely2 & z ! inn] play ( s5tim5t becomes precise1 x craves m specific po9ts ( support or comp>ison4 ,x is 9 creatures ( our own species t we *iefly sc5t ! aroma ( inw>d sympa?y1 because x is !y t are visibly mov$ on ! same occasions z ourselves2 & x is to ^? among our fell[-m5 :o %>e our special haunts & habits t we feel m precise aff9ities4 ,?\gh ! gr\nd = su* feel+ is animal contact & contagion1 its deliv]ance does n rev]t to ^? natural accid5ts1 b conc]ns a repres5t$ sympa?y 9 repres5t$ s\ls4 ,fri5d%ip1 spr++ f accid5tal association1 t]m9ates 9 a consci\sness ( ideal & ess5tial agreem5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,comrade%ip4 ,comrade%ip is a =m ( fri5d%ip /ill ak9 to g5]al sociability & greg>i\sness4 ,:5 m5 are 89 ! same boat toge!r10 :5 a common anxiety1 occupation1 or sport unites !m1 !y feel _! human k9%ip 9 an int5sifi$ =m )\t any great] p]sonal aff9ity subsi/+ betwe5 !m4 ,! same effect is produc$ by a common e/rangem5t f ! re/ ( society4 ,= ?is reason comrade%ip la/s no long] ?an ! circum/ances t br+ x ab\t4 ,its con/ancy is proportionate to ! monotony ( p's lives & m9ds4 ,!re is a la/+ bond among s*oolfell[s because no "o c become a boy aga9 & h a new set ( playmates4 ,!re is a p]si/5t comrade%ip ) "o's c\ntrym51 especially abroad1 because seldom is a man pliable & polyglot en\gh to be at home among =eign]s1 or really to und]/& !m4 ,!re is an inevitable comrade%ip ) m5 ( ! same bre$+ or pr(ession1 h[ev] bad ^! may be1 because habits soon monopolise ! man4 ,nev]!less a great] buoyancy1 a long] y\?1 a ri*] exp]i5ce1 w\ld break d[n all ^! limits ( fell[%ip4 ,su* cl++s to ! famili> are ?ree p>ts dread ( ! unfamili> & want ( res\rce 9 its pres5ce1 = "o "p 9 !m ( g5u9e loyalty4 ,pla/icity loves new m\lds because x c fill !m1 b = a man ( sluggi% m9d & bad mann]s !re is decid$ly no place l home4 ,sid5ote3 ,ext]nal conditions ( fri5d%ip4 ,?\gh comrade%ip is an accid5tal bond1 x is ! condition ( ideal fri5d%ip1 = ! ideal1 9 all sph]es1 is no?+ b ! accid5tal confirm+ itself & g5]at+ its own /&>d4 ,m5 mu/ meet to love1 & _m o!r accid5ts besides conjunction mu/ conspire to make a true fri5d%ip possible4 ,9 ord] t fri5d%ip may fulfil ! conditions ev5 ( comrade%ip1 x is requisite t ! fri5ds h ! same social /atus1 s t !y may live at ease toge!r & h cong5ial ta/es4 ,!y mu/ fur!r h en\gh community ( occupation & gifts to give ea* an appreciation ( ! o!r's faculty2 = qualities are n complem5t>y unless !y are qualities ( ! same sub/ance4 ,no?+ mu/ be actual 9 ei!r fri5d t is n pot5tial 9 ! o!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,id5tity 9 sex requir$4 ,= ?is reason1 among o!rs1 fri5ds are g5]ally ( ! same sex1 = :5 m5 & wom5 agree1 x is only 9 _! conclusions2 _! reasons are always diff]5t4 ,s t :ile intellectual h>mony betwe5 m5 & wom5 is easily possible1 its delightful & magic quality lies precisely 9 ! fact t x does n arise f mutual und]/&+1 b is a conspiracy ( ali5 ess5ces & a kiss+1 z x 71 9 ! d>k4 ,z man's body diff]s f woman's 9 sex & /r5g?1 s 8 m9d diff]s f h]s 9 quality & function3 !y c co-op]ate b c nev] fuse4 ,! human race1 9 its intellectual life1 is organis$ l ! bees3 ! mascul9e s\l is a work]1 sexually atrophi$1 & ess5tially d$icat$ to imp]sonal & univ]sal arts2 ! fem99e is a que51 inf9itely f]tile1 omnipres5t 9 its brood+ indu/ry1 b passive & ab\nd+ 9 intuitions )\t me?od & passions )\t ju/ice4 ,fri5d%ip ) a woman is !re=e apt to be m or less ?an fri5d%ip3 less1 because !re is no intellectual p>ity2 m1 because 7ev5 :5 ! relation rema9s :olly dispassionate1 z 9 respect to old ladies7 !re is some?+ my/]i\s & oracul> ab\t a woman's m9d :i* inspires a c]ta9 in/9ctive def]5ce & puts x out ( ! "q to judge :at %e says by mascul9e /&>ds4 ,%e has a k9d ( sibyll9e intuition & ! "r to be irrationally propos4 ,!re is a gallantry ( ! m9d :i* p]vades all conv]sation ) a lady1 z !re is a natural c\rtesy t[>d *ildr5 & my/ics2 b su* a habit ( respectful concession1 m>k+ z x does an intellectual ali5ation z pr(\nd z t :i* sep>ates u f ! dumb animals1 is radically incompatible ) fri5d%ip4 ,sid5ote3 & 9 age4 ,fri5ds1 moreov]1 %\ld h be5 "y toge!r4 ,mu* diff]5ce 9 age defeats equality & =bids frankness on _m a fundam5tal subject2 x confronts two m9ds ( unlike focus3 "o ne>-sight$ & )\t p]spective1 ! o!r see+ only ! backgr\nd ( pres5t ?+s4 ,:ile comp>isons 9 ^! respects may be int]e/+ & borr[+s sometimes possible1 l5d+ ! old] m9d life & ! y\ng] m9d wisdom1 su* int]c\rse has h>dly ! value ( spontane\s sympa?y1 9 :i* ! sp>k ( mutual intellig5ce flies1 z x %\ld1 almo/ )\t words4 ,contagion is ! only s\rce ( valid m9d-read+3 y mu/ imitate to und]/&1 & :]e ! pla/icity ( two m9ds is n simil> _! mutual int]pretations are necess>ily false4 ,!y idealise 9 _! fri5ds :atev] !y d n inv5t or ignore1 & ! fri5d%ip :i* %\ld h liv$ on en]gies conspir+ spontane\sly toge!r dies into consci\s appreciation4 ,sid5ote3 ,con/itu5ts ( fri5d%ip4 ,all ^! are m]ely p]missive conditions = fri5d%ip2 its positive ess5ce is yet to f9d4 ,h[1 we may ask1 does ! vision ( ! g5]al socius1 humanity1 become specific 9 ! vision ( a p>ticul> fri5d )\t los+ its ideality or rev]t+ to practical values8 ,( c\rse1 individuals might be s+l$ out = ! special b5efits !y may h conf]r$2 b a fri5d's only gift is himself1 & fri5d%ip is n fri5d%ip1 x is n a =m ( free or lib]al society1 if x does n t]m9ate 9 an ideal possession1 9 an object lov$ = its own sake4 ,su* objects c be ideas only1 n =ces1 = =ces are subt]ranean & in/rum5tal ?+s1 hav+ only su* value z !y borr[ f _! ult]ior effects & manife/ations4 ,to praise ! utility ( fri5d%ip1 z ! anci5ts s (t5 did1 & to reg>d x z a political in/itution ju/ifi$1 l victory or gov]nm5t1 by its mat]ial results1 is to lose "o's moral be>+s4 ,! value ( victory or good gov]nm5t is r to be f\nd 9 ! fact t1 among o!r ?+s1 x might r5d] fri5d%ip possible4 ,we are n to look n[ = :at makes fri5d%ip useful1 b = :atev] may be f\nd 9 fri5d%ip t may l5d utility to life4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]sonal lik+4 ,! fir/ note t gives sociability a p]sonal quality & raises ! comrade into an incipi5t fri5d is d\btless s5su\s aff9ity4 ,:atev] reaction we may ev5tually make on an impression1 aft] x has _h "t to soak 9 & to m]ge 9 "s practical or intellectual habit1 its fir/ assault is always on ! s5ses1 & no s5se is an indiff]5t organ4 ,ea* has1 s to speak1 its cong5ial rate ( vibration & gives its /imuli a v>y+ welcome4 ,little z we may att5d to ^! in/9ctive hospitalities ( s5se1 !y betray !mselves 9 unju/ifi$ likes & dislikes felt = casual p]sons & ?+s1 9 ! je ne sais quoi t makes in/9ctive sympa?y4 ,voice1 mann]1 aspect1 h9ts ( cong5ial ta/es & judgm5ts1 a je/ 9 ! "r key1 a ge/ure m>k+ ! "r av]sions1 all ^! trifles leave beh9d a p]vasive impression4 ,we reject a vision we f9d indige/ible & )\t congruity to our inn] dream2 we accept & incorporate ano!r into our private pan!on1 :]e x becomes a legitimate figure1 h[ev] dumb & subsidi>y x may rema94 ,9 a ref9$ nature ^! s5su\s premonitions ( sympa?y are seldom mislead+4 ,lik+ _c1 ( c\rse1 gr[ into fri5d%ip ov] night z x might into love2 ! pleas+ impression1 ev5 if reta9$1 w lie p]fectly passive & h>mless 9 ! m9d1 until new & diff]5t impressions foll[ to deep5 ! int]e/ at fir/ evok$ & to remove its c5tre ( gravity altoge!r f ! s5ses4 ,9 love1 if ! field is cle>1 a s+le glimpse may1 l ,tri/an's potion1 produce a viol5t & irresi/ible passion2 b 9 fri5d%ip ! result rema9s m proportionate to ! incid5tal causes1 discrim9ation is pres]v$1 jeal\sy & exclusiv5ess are avoid$4 ,t vigilant1 besett+1 insatiable affection1 s full ( d\bts & torm5ts1 ) :i* ! lov] foll[s 8 object1 is out ( place "h2 = ! fri5d has no prop]ty 9 8 fri5d's body or leisure or residual ties2 he accepts :at is (f]$ & :at is acceptable1 & ! re/ he leaves 9 peace4 ,he is di/9ctly n 8 bro!r's keep]1 = ! society ( fri5ds is free4 ,sid5ote3 ,! refract+ human m$ium = ideas4 ,fri5d%ip may inde$ come to exi/ )\t s5su\s lik+ or comrade%ip to pave ! way2 b unless intellectual sympa?y & moral appreciation are p[]ful en\gh to react on natural in/9ct & to produce 9 ! end ! p]sonal affection :i* at fir/ 0 want+1 fri5d%ip does n arise4 ,recognition giv5 to a man's tal5t or virtue is n prop]ly fri5d%ip4 ,fri5ds mu/ desire to live z mu* z possible toge!r & to %>e _! "w1 ?\ghts1 & pleasures4 ,good-fell[%ip & s5su\s aff9ity are indisp5sable to give spiritual communion a p]sonal acc5t2 o!rwise m5 w\ld be indiff]5t vehicles = su* ?\ghts & p[]s z emanat$ f !m1 & att5tion w\ld n be 9 any way arre/$ or refract$ by ! human m$ium ?r\gh :i* x beheld ! good4 ,sid5ote3 ,affection bas$ on ! refraction4 ,no natural vehicle1 h[ev]1 is indiff]5t2 no natural organ is or %\ld be transp>5t4 ,transp>5cy is a virtue only 9 artificial in/rum5ts1 organs 9 :i* no blood fl[s & ^: intr9sic op]ation is n itself a portion ( human life4 ,9 look+ ?r\gh a field-glass ,i d n wi% to p]ceive ! l5ses nor to see ra9b[s ab\t _! rim2 yet ,i %\ld n wi% ! eye itself to lose its pigm5ts & add no dyes to ! bulks x disc]ns4 ,! s5se = col\r is a vital end[m5t & an +r$i5t 9 human happ9ess2 b no vitality is add$ by ! int]v5tion ( fur!r m$ia :i* are n !mselves liv+ organs4 ,a man is sometimes a col\r$ & sometimes a cle> m$ium = ! en]gies he ex]ts4 ,:5 a ?\ght convey$ or a "w done ent]s alone into ! obs]v]'s exp]i5ce1 no fri5d%ip is possible4 ,?is is always ! case :5 ! ma/] is dead2 = if 8 recon/ruct$ p]sonality reta9s any *>m1 x is only z an explanation or conceiv$ nexus = ! "w he p]=m$4 ,9 a philosoph] or arti/1 too1 p]sonality is m]ely in/rum5tal1 =1 al?\gh 9 a s5se p]vasive1 a creative p]sonality evaporates into its expression1 & :atev] "p ( x may n h be5 translat$ into ideas is completely negligible f ! public po9t ( view4 ,t portion ( a man's s\l :i* he has n ali5at$ & objectifi$ is op5 only to ^? :o "k him o!rwise ?an by 8 works & d n e/imate him by 8 public attributions4 ,su* p]sons are 8 fri5ds4 ,into _! lives he has ent]$ n m]ely ?r\gh an idea ) :i* 8 "n may be associat$1 nor ?r\gh ! fame ( "s feat he may h p]=m$1 b by awak5+ an inexpressible animal sympa?y1 by ! contagion ( emotions felt be=e ! same objects4 ,e/imation has be5 p>tly arre/$ at its m$ium & p]sonal relations h add$ _! homely acc5t to univ]sal disc\rse4 ,fri5d%ip might ?us be call$ ideal sympa?y refract$ by a human m$ium1 or comrade%ip & s5su\s aff9ity col\r+ a spiritual light4 ,sid5ote3 ,! m$ium mu/ also be transp>5t4 ,if we approa* fri5d%ip f above & comp>e x ) m ideal loyalties1 its *>act]i/ic is its animal w>m? & its basis 9 *ance conjunctions2 if we approa* x f bel[ & contra/ x ) m]e comrade%ip or lik+1 its ess5ce seems to be ! pres5ce ( common ideal int]e/s4 ,t is a silly & effem9ate fri5d%ip 9 :i* ! p>ties are always ?9k+ ( ! fri5d%ip itself & ( h[ ea* /&s 9 ! o!r's eyes2 a s5tim5tal fancy ( t sort1 9 :i* no?+ tangible or ult]ior br+s p toge!r1 is r a feeble =m ( love ?an prop]ly a fri5d%ip4 ,9 extreme y\? su* a weakness may p]haps indicate capacity = fri5d%ip ( a nobl] type1 because :5 ta/e & k h n yet tak5 %ape1 ! only way1 (t51 9 :i* ideal int]e/s c h]ald !mselves is 9 ! guise ( "s imag9$ union f :i* x is vaguely felt !y might be develop$1 j z 9 love sexual & social in/9cts mask !mselves 9 an unreason+ obsession1 or z = my/ic devotion e ideal masks itself 9 ,god4 ,all ^! s5tim5tal feel+s are at any rate m]e preludes1 b preludes 9 =tunate cases to m discrim9at+ & solid int]e/s1 :i* su* a tremul\s ov]ture may possibly pit* on a high] key4 ,sid5ote3 ,common int]e/s indisp5sable4 ,! necessity ( back+ p]sonal atta*m5t ) ideal int]e/s is :at makes true fri5d%ip s r>e4 ,x is f\nd *iefly 9 y\?1 = y\? be/ unites ! two requisite conditions--affectionate comrade%ip & ard\r 9 pursu+ su* lib]al aims z may be pursu$ 9 common4 ,life 9 camp or college is fav\rable to fri5d%ip1 = !re g5]\s activities are c>ri$ on 9 unison & yet leave leisure = playful expansion & opportunity = a *oice 9 fri5ds4 ,! anci5ts1 s long z !y 7 free1 sp5t _! :ole life 9 =um & pal/ra1 camp1 !atre1 & temple1 & 9 consequ5ce c\ld live by fri5d%ip ev5 9 _! matur] ye>s2 b mod]n life is unfav\rable to its cont9uance4 ,:at ) bus9ess c>es1 ) political bonds remote & invisible1 ) ! prior claims ( family1 & ) individualities bo? ( m9d & habit gr[+ daily m erratic1 e>ly fri5ds f9d !mselves v soon p>t$ by unbridgeable *asms4 ,= fri5d%ip to fl\ri% p]sonal life w\ld h to become m public & social life m simple & humane4 ,sid5ote3 ,fri5d%ip betwe5 man & wife4 ,! tie t 9 contempor>y society mo/ ne>ly resembles ! anci5t ideal ( fri5d%ip is a well-assort$ m>riage4 ,9 spite ( intellectual disp>ity & ( div]g5ce 9 occupation1 man & wife are b\nd toge!r by a common dwell+1 common fri5ds1 common affection = *ildr51 &1 :at is ( great importance1 common f9ancial int]e/s4 ,^! bonds (t5 suffice = sub/antial & la/+ unanimity1 ev5 :5 no ideal passion prec$$2 s t :at is call$ a m>riage ( reason1 if x is truly reasonable1 may give a fair promise ( happ9ess1 s9ce a normal m>ri$ life c produce ! sympa?ies x requires4 ,sid5ote3 ,betwe5 ma/] & disciple4 ,:5 ! common ideal int]e/s ne$$ to give fri5d%ip a noble /ra9 become altoge!r pr$om9ant1 s t comrade%ip & p]sonal lik+ may be disp5s$ )1 fri5d%ip passes into m & m political fell[%ips4 ,disciple%ip is a union ( ?is k9d4 ,)\t claim+ any %>e 9 ! ma/]'s private life1 p]haps )\t hav+ ev] se5 him1 we may enjoy communion ) 8 m9d & feel 8 support & guidance 9 foll[+ ! ideal :i* l9ks u toge!r4 ,h]o-wor%ip is an imag9ative passion 9 :i* lat5t ideals assume picturesque %apes & take actual p]sons = _! symbols4 ,su* companion%ip1 p]haps :olly imag9>y1 is a v cle> & simple example ( ideal society4 ,! unconsci\s h]o1 to be sure1 happ5s to exi/1 b 8 exi/5ce is irrelevant to 8 function1 provid$ only he be pres5t to ! idealis+ m9d4 ,!re is or ne$ be no comrade%ip1 no actual =ce or influ5ce transmitt$ f him4 ,c]ta9 capacities & t5d5cies 9 ! wor%ipp] are br\ght to a focus by ! h]o's image1 :o is !reby fir/ discov]$ & deput$ to be a h]o4 ,he is an unmov$ mov]1 l ,ari/otle's ,god & l e ideal to :i* ?\ght or action is direct$4 ,! symbol1 h[ev]1 is ambigu\s 9 h]o-wor%ip1 be+ 9 "o s5se ideal1 ! repres5tation ( an inn] dem&1 & 9 ano!r s5se a s5sible exp]i5ce1 ! repres5tative ( an ext]nal reality4 ,accord+ly ! symbol1 :5 highly priz$ & long contemplat$1 may easily become an idol2 t 9 x :i* is n ideal nor repres5tative ( ! wor%ipp]'s dem& may be import$ confus$ly into ! total ador$1 & may ?us receive a s5seless wor%ip4 ,! devotion :i* 01 9 its orig91 an ideal t5d5cy gr[n consci\s & express$ 9 fancy may ?us become a me*anical =ce vitiat+ t ideal4 ,= ?is reason x is v important t ! fir/ objects to fix ! s\l's admiration %\ld be really admirable1 = o!rwise _! accid5tal blemi%es w corrupt ! m9d to :i* !y appe> sub specie boni4 ,sid5ote3 ,conflict betwe5 ideal & natural allegiance4 ,disciple%ip & h]o-wor%ip are n /able relations4 ,s9ce ! mean+ !y embody is ideal & radiates f )9 outw>d1 & s9ce ! image to :i* t mean+ is attribut$ is controll$ by a real ext]nal object1 mean+ & image1 z "t goes on1 w necess>ily fall ap>t4 ,! idol w be discr$it$4 ,an ideal1 ideally conceiv$ & kn[n to be an ideal1 a _s wor%ipp$ 9 _s & 9 tru?1 w take ! place ( ! pleas+ ph5om5on2 & 9 reg>d to e actual be+1 h[ev] noble1 disciple%ip w yield to emulation1 & wor%ip to an admiration m or less selective & critical4 ,sid5ote3 ,automatic idealisation ( h]oes4 ,a disembodi$ ideal1 h[ev]1 is unmanageable & vague2 x _c ex]cise ! natural & mat]ial suasion prop] to a model we are expect$ to imitate4 ,! m fruitful proc$ure is accord+ly to idealise "s hi/orical figure or natural =ce1 to ignore or m9imise 9 x :at does n seem acceptable1 & to reta9 at ! same "t all ! unobjectionable p]sonal col\r & all ! graphic traits t c help to give t model a p]suasive vitality4 ,?is poetic process is all ! m successful = be+ automatic4 ,x is 9 ?is way t h]oes & gods h be5 creat$4 ,a leg5d or fable ly+ 9 ! m9d & cont9ually repeat$ ga9$ ins5sibly at ea* recurr5ce "s new eloqu5ce1 "s fre% congruity ) ! emotion x _h already awak5$1 & 0 de/9$ to awake aga94 ,to measure ! importance ( ?is tru? ! read] ne$ only conceive ! di/ance trav]s$ f ! ,a*illes t may h exi/$ to ! h]o 9 ,hom]1 or f ,jesus z he might h be5 9 real life1 or ev5 z he is 9 ! gospels1 to ,*ri/ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,patriotism ,sid5ote3 ,! creative social environm5t1 s9ce x eludes s5se1 mu/ be repres5t$ symbolically4 ,! my?ical social idea mo/ pot5t ov] practical m9ds is p]haps ! idea ( c\ntry4 ,:5 a tribe1 enl>g$ & domicil$1 has become a /ate1 mu* social feel+ t 0 be=e evok$ by ?+s visible loses its s5su\s object4 ,yet ea* man rema9s no less dep5d5t ?an =m]ly on 8 nation1 al?\gh less sway$ by its visible pres5ce & example2 he is no less conc]n$1 mat]ially & ideally1 9 ! =tunes ( ! community4 ,if a s5se = social relations is to endure1 "s symbol mu/ take ! place ( ! mov+ cr[d1 ! visible /ronghold1 & ! outspread fields & or*>ds t once made up 8 c\ntry2 "s intellectual figm5t mu/ arise to focus political int]e/s1 no long] conf9$ to ! crops & ! prie/'s m$ic9al auguries4 ,x is altoge!r impossible t ! individual %\ld h a discursive & adequate k ( /atecraft & economy4 ,:atev] idea1 !n1 he frames to repres5t 8 undi/+ui%$ political relations becomes ! c5tre ( 8 patriotism4 ,:5 intellig5ce is n ke5 ?is idea may rema9 s5su\s4 ,! visible in/rum5ts ( social life--*iefta9s1 armies1 monum5ts1 ! dialect & dress ( ! di/rict1 ) all cu/oms & pleasures traditional !re--^! are :at a s5su\s man may und]/& by 8 c\ntry4 ,b]eft ( ^! s5sations he w\ld feel lo/ & incapable2 ! habits =m$ 9 t environm5t w\ld be gall$ by any o!r4 ,?is fondness = home1 ?is dread ( *ange & exile1 is all ! love ( c\ntry he kn[s4 ,if by *ance1 )\t too mu* add$ ?\ght1 he c\ld rise to a c]ta9 poetic s5tim5t1 he might feel atta*m5t also to ! l&scape1 to ! memorable spots & aspects ( 8 native l&4 ,^! objects1 :i* rhetoric calls sacr$1 might really h a c]ta9 sanctity = him2 a wave ( pi\s emotion might run ov] him at ! sight ( !m1 a pang :5 9 abs5ce !y 7 recall$4 ,^! v ?+s1 h[ev]1 l ! man :o prizes !m1 are dep5d5t on a mu* l>g] sy/em2 & if patriotism is to embrace ideally :at really produces human well-be+ x %\ld ext5d ov] a wid] field & to less picturable objects4 ,sid5ote3 ,ambigu\s limits ( a native c\ntry1 geographical & moral4 ,to def9e "o's c\ntry is n s simple a matt] z x may seem4 ,! habitat ( a man's y\?1 to :i* actual associations may b9d him1 is h>dly 8 c\ntry until he has conceiv$ ! political & hi/orical =ces t include t habitat 9 _! sph]e ( influ5ce & h det]m9$ its famili> in/itutions4 ,su* =ces are num]\s & _! sph]es include "o ano!r l conc5tric r+s4 ,france1 = in/ance1 is an uncommonly di/9ct & self-consci\s nation1 ) a long hi/oric id5tity & a compact t]ritory4 ,yet :at is ! ,france a ,fr5*man is to ?9k ( & love8 ,p>is itself has v>i\s qu>t]s & moral climates1 "o ( :i* may well be lov$ :ile ano!r is dete/$4 ,! prov9ces h cu/oms1 temp]am5ts1 political ideals1 & ev5 languages ( _! own4 ,is ,alsace-,lorra9e beyond ! pale ( ,fr5* patriotism8 ,& if n1 :y utt]ly exclude ,fr5*-speak+ ,switz]l&1 ! ,*annel ,isl&s1 ,belgium1 or ,quebec8 ,or is a ,fr5*man r to love ! colonies by way ( comp5sation8 ,is an ,alg]ian ,moor or a native ( ,tonqu9 8 true fell[-citiz58 ,is ,tahiti a "p ( 8 8c\ntry08 ,! tru? is1 if we look at ! he>t ( ! matt]1 a ,prote/ant born 9 ,p>is is less a ,fr5*man ?an is a ,ca?olic born 9 ,g5eva4 ,if we pass f geography to in/itutions ! same vagu5ess exi/s4 ,france to "o man repres5ts ! ,revolution1 to ano!r ! ,empire1 to a ?ird ! ,*ur*1 & ! ve/iges ( ! anci5 rgime4 ,fur!rmore1 h[ f> into ! pa/ is patriotism to look8 ,is ,*>lemagne "o ( ! glories ( ,fr5* hi/ory8 ,is x ,julius ,cs> or ,vic+etorix t is to w>m ! patriotic he>t8 ,want ( reflection & a bl9d subs]vi5ce to ! col\rs ( ! map has l$ "s hi/orians to call ,roman victories defeats suff]$ by _! c\ntry1 ev5 :5 t c\ntry is ess5tially s ,roman1 = in/ance1 z ,spa94 ,) z good reason might a ,sicilian or a ,flor5t9e *afe "u ! ,lat9 conque/1 or an ,am]ican blu% at ! invasion ( 8 c\ntry by ! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs4 ,inde$1 ev5 geographically1 ! limits & ! v he>t ( a man's c\ntry are (t5 ambigu\s4 ,0 ,alex&]'s c\ntry ,mac$on or ,greece8 ,0 ,g5]al ,lee's ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ,virg9ia8 ,! anci5ts def9$ _! c\ntry f )9 outw>d2 its he>t 0 ! city & its limits ^? ( t city's dom9ion or aff9ities4 ,mod]ns g5]ally def9e _! c\ntry r /upidly by its adm9i/rative fronti]s2 & yet an ,au/rian w\ld h "s difficulty 9 apply+ ev5 ?is conv5tional crit]ion4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5tim5tal & political patriotism4 ,! object ( patriotism is 9 tru? some?+ ideal1 a moral entity def9able only by ! ties :i* a man's imag9ation & reason c at any mom5t recognise4 ,if he has insight & dep? ( feel+ he w p]ceive t :at des]ves 8 loyalty is ! entire civilisation to :i* he owes 8 spiritual life & into :i* t life w pres5tly fl[ back1 ) :atev] new elem5ts he may h add$4 ,patriotism accord+ly has two aspects3 x is p>tly s5tim5t by :i* x looks back ^u ! s\rces ( culture1 & p>tly policy1 or allegiance to ^? ideals :i*1 be+ sugge/$ by :at has already be5 atta9$1 animate ! bett] organs ( society & dem& fur!r embodim5t4 ,to love "o's c\ntry1 unless t love is q bl9d & lazy1 mu/ involve a di/9ction betwe5 ! c\ntry's actual condition & its inh]5t ideal2 & ?is di/9ction 9 turn involves a dem& = *anges & = ef=t4 ,p>ty allegiance is a true =m ( patriotism4 ,= a p>ty1 at lea/ 9 its int5t1 is an association ( p]sons advocat+ ! same policy4 ,e ?\ghtful man mu/ advocate "s policy1 & unless he has ! mis=tune to /& q alone 9 8 conception ( public welf>e he w seek to c>ry out t policy by ! aid ( su* o!r p]sons z advocate x also4 ,sid5ote3 ,! e>? & ! race ! fir/ objects ( rational loyalty4 ,! spr+s ( culture1 :i* retrospective patriotism reg>ds1 g back 9 ! la/ in/ance to cosmic =ces4 ,! necessity t m>%als ! />s makes possible ! _w m5 live 91 & is ! fir/ g5]al & law-giv] to e nation4 ,! e>?'s geography1 its inexorable climates ) _! flora & fauna1 make a play-gr\nd = ! human w :i* %\ld be well survey$ by any /atesman :o wi%es to judge & act1 n fanta/ically1 b ) ref]5ce to ! real situation4 ,geography is a mo/ enlight5+ sci5ce4 ,9 describ+ ! habitat ( man x l>gely expla9s 8 hi/ory4 ,animal battles give ! "r & only key to human conflicts1 = ! sup]add$ rational elem5t 9 man is n p>tisan1 b on ! contr>y ins9uates into 8 economy ! novel pr9ciple ( ju/ice & peace4 ,z ?is leav51 h[ev]1 c m+le only ) elem5ts pr$ispos$ to receive x1 ! basis ( reason itself1 9 s f> z x atta9s expression1 mu/ be s\ght 9 ! natural _w4 ,! =tunes ( ! human family among ! animals ?us come to conc]n reason & to be ! backgr\nd ( progress4 ,)9 humanity ! next sph]e ( int]e/ = a patriot is ! race f :i* he is desc5d$1 ) its traditional languages & religions4 ,blood is ! gr\nd ( "* & intellig5ce4 ,! fruits ( civilisation may1 inde$1 be transmitt$ f "o race to ano!r & consequ5tly a c]ta9 artificial homog5eity may be secur$ among/ diff]5t nations2 yet unless cont9ual int]m>riage takes place ea* race w soon reca/ & vitiate ! common inh]itance4 ,! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire (f]$ su* a spectacle1 :5 v>i\s types ( b>b>ism1 ) a m or less classic v5e]1 re-e/abli%$ !mselves ev]y:]e4 ,p]haps mod]n cosmopolitanism1 if n ma9ta9$ by comm]ce or by p]man5t conque/1 may break ap>t 9 ! same way & yield to local civilisations no less div]se ?an ,*ri/5dom & ,islam4 ,sid5ote3 ,race1 :5 di/9ct1 ! greate/ ( di/9ctions4 ,community ( race is a f> deep] bond ?an community ( language1 education1 or gov]nm5t4 ,:]e "o political sy/em dom9ates v>i\s races x =ces _! common culture to be ext]nal m]ely4 ,?is is p]haps ! secret ( t /range recrudesc5ce ( national feel+1 ap>t (t5 f political divisions1 :i* has closely foll[$ ! ,fr5* ,revolution & ! indu/rial era4 ,! m two diff]5t peoples gr[ alike 9 ext]nals ! m consci\s & jeal\s !y become ( div]sity 9 _! s\ls2 & :]e individuals are too insignificant to pres]ve any p]sonality or di/9ction ( _! own1 !y flock toge!r into little int5tional societies & facti\s gr\ps1 9 ! hope ( giv+ _! imag9ation1 9 its extremity1 "s little food & com=t4 ,private nationalities & private religions are luxuries at su* a "t 9 consid]able dem&4 ,! future may possibly see 9 ! ,occid5t t divorce betwe5 adm9i/rative & ideal gr\ps :i* is famili> 9 ! ,ori5t2 s t "u no matt] :at gov]nm5t & ) utt] cosmopolitanism 9 indu/ry & sci5ce1 ea* race may gu>d its own poetry1 religion1 & mann]s4 ,su* traditions1 h[ev]1 w\ld always be survivals or revivals r ?an g5u9e expressions ( life1 because m9d mu/ ei!r repres5t nature & ! conditions ( action or else be cont5t to p]si/ prec>i\sly & )\t a function1 l a sort ( gho/4 ,sid5ote3 8,pure0 races may be morally /]ile4 ,"s races are obvi\sly sup]ior to o!rs4 ,a m ?or\gh adju/m5t to ! conditions ( exi/5ce has giv5 _! _s victory1 scope1 & a relative /ability4 ,x is !re=e ( ! greate/ importance n to obscure ?is sup]iority by int]m>riage ) inf]ior /ock1 & ?us nullify ! progress made by a pa9ful evolution & a prolong$ sift+ ( s\ls4 ,reason prote/s z mu* z in/9ct aga9/ any fusion1 = in/ance1 ( :ite & black peoples4 ,mixture is 9 itself no evil if ! two nations1 be+ approximately equal1 b hav+ complem5t>y gifts1 c modify !m )\t ultimate loss1 & possibly to advantage4 ,inde$ ! s-call$ pure races1 s9ce _! purity has gone ) isolation & inexp]i5ce1 h borne comp>atively little spiritual fruit4 ,l>ge contact & conc5trat$ liv+ br+ out native g5ius1 b mixture ) an inf]ior /ock c only t5d to oblit]ate x4 ,! ,jews1 ! ,greeks1 ! ,romans1 ! ,engli% 7 nev] s great z :5 !y confront$ o!r nations1 react+ aga9/ !m & at ! same "t1 p]haps1 adopt+ _! culture2 b ?is greatness fails inw>dly :5ev] contact leads to amalgamation4 ,!re is some?+ unmi/akably illib]al1 almo/ sup]/iti\s1 9 /&+ on race = its own sake1 z if orig9s & n results 7 ( moral value4 ,x matt]s no?+ :at blood a man has1 if he has ! "r _s2 & if !re is "s gr\nd = id5tify+ ! two 7s9ce monkeys1 h[ev] educat$1 are monkeys /ill7 x is only :5 blood means "* & capacity1 & is te/$ by !m1 t x becomes important4 ,nor is x unju/ to level ! individual1 9 8 political & moral /atus1 ) ! race to :i* he belongs1 if ?is race holds an approv$ position4 ,individual gifts & good int5tions h little efficacy 9 ! body politic if !y nei!r express a great tradition nor c avail to f\nd "o2 & ?is tradition1 z religion %[s1 w falsify individual insights s soon z !y are laun*$ into ! public m$ium4 ,! common s\l w de/roy a noble g5ius 9 absorb+ x1 & !re=e1 to ma9ta9 progress1 a g5]al g5ius has to be invok$2 & a g5]al g5ius means an exceptional & di/9ct race4 ,sid5ote3 ,true nationality direction on a def9ite ideal4 ,environm5t1 education1 fa%ion1 may be all p[]ful :ile !y la/ & may make x seem a prejudice to insi/ on race1 turn+ its assum$ efficacy into a %e] dogma1 ) fanatical impulses beh9d x2 yet 9 practice ! "q w soon recur3 ,:at %all su/a9 t omnipot5t fa%ion1 education1 or environm5t8 ,no?+ is m trea*]\s ?an tradition1 :5 insight & =ce are lack+ to keep x w>m4 ,"u ,roman dom9ion1 ! inhabitants ( ,sp>ta /ill submitt$ to ! laws ( ,lycurgus & _! life cont9u$ to be a sort ( rituali/ic %ad[ ( ! pa/4 ,^? enfran*is$ helots ?\ght !y 7 ma9ta9+ a h]oic /ate :51 9 fact1 !y 7 only turn+ its =ms into a retrospective religion4 ,! old race 0 practically ext9ct2 ephors1 gymnasia1 & common meals c\ld d no?+ to revive x4 ,! ways ( ! ,roman _w--a k9dr$ promiscu\s population--prevail$ ov] t local ritual & r5d]$ x p]functory1 because !re 7 no long] any liv+ s\ls to und]/& t a man might place 8 happ9ess 9 8 c\ntry's life & c>e no?+ = ,ori5tal luxury or ,ori5tal sup]/ition1 ?+s com+ to flatt] 8 p]sonal lu/s & make him useless & unhappy4 ,in/itutions )\t m5 are z futile z m5 )\t in/itutions4 ,be=e race c be a rational object = patriotism !re mu/ exi/ a traditional g5ius1 h&$ d[n by inh]itance or else by adoption1 :5 ! p]sons adopt$ c really appreciate ! my/]ies !y are initiat$ into4 ,blood c\ld be disreg>d$1 if only ! political ideal rema9$ con/ant & progress 0 su/a9$1 ! laws be+ modifi$ only to pres]ve _! _s4 ,a /ate lives 9 any case by ex*ang+ p]sons1 & all spiritual life is ma9ta9$ by ex*ang+ expressions4 ,life is a circulation2 x c dige/ :atev] mat]ials w assume a =m already det]m9$ ideally & enable t =m to come =? m cle>ly & be det]m9$ 9 m p>ticul>s4 ,/agnant matt] necess>ily decays & 9 effect is false to ! _s no less ?an a _s t *anges is false to itself4 ,sid5ote3 ,c\ntry well repres5t$ by dome/ic & civic religion4 ,! _s ( a race is a my?ical entity express+ ! individual s\l 9 its mo/ con/ant & pr(\nd in/9cts & exp&+ x 9 ! direction 9 :i* correct repres5tation is mo/ easily possible1 9 ! direction ( ance/ors1 k9sm51 & desc5dants4 ,9 anci5t cities1 :]e patriotism 0 int5se1 x 0 express$ 9 a tribal & civic religion4 ,! l>es1 ! local gods1 ! deifi$ h]oes associat$ ) !m1 7 ei!r ance/ors idealis$ or ideals ( manhood tak+ ! =m ( patrons & sup]natural protectors4 ,jupit] ,capitol9us & ! ,_s ( ,rome 7 a s+le object4 ,to wor%ip ,jupit] 9 t ,capitol 0 to d$icate oneself to ! s]vice ( ,rome4 ,a =eign] c\ld no m %>e t devotion ?an a neighb\r c\ld %>e ! religion ( ! he>? )\t %>+ by adoption ! life ( ! family4 ,paganism 0 ! lea/ artificial ( religions & ! mo/ poetical2 its my?s 7 comp>atively transp>5t & :at !y express$ 0 comp>atively real4 ,9 t religion patriotism & family duties c\ld take imag9able =ms1 & ^? =ms1 ap>t f ! inevitable t+e ( sup]/ition :i* surr\nd$ !m1 did n mat]ially vitiate ! allegiance due to ! actual =ces on :i* human happ9ess dep5ds4 ,sid5ote3 ,mislead+ id5tification ( c\ntry ) gov]nm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,sport+ or bellig]5t patriotism4 ,:at has driv5 patriotism1 z commonly felt & conceiv$1 s f> f rational c\rses & has atta*$ x to vapid objects has be5 ! initial illegitimacy ( all gov]nm5ts4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 patriotism is m]ely a passion = asc5d5cy4 ,prop]ly x animates ! army1 ! gov]nm5t1 ! ari/ocracy2 f ^? circles x c p]colate1 n p]haps )\t ! help ( "s sophi/ry & intimidation1 into ! mass ( ! p1 :o are told t _! gov]nm5t's =tunes are _! own4 ,n[ ! rabble has a great prop5sity to take sides1 promptly & passionately1 9 any spectacul> conte/2 ! lea/ feel+ ( aff9ity1 ! slighte/ emotional consonance1 w turn ! balance & div]t 9 "o direction sympa!tic =ces :i*1 = e practical purpose1 might j z well h ru%$ ! o!r way4 ,mo/ gov]nm5ts are 9 tru? private societies pitt$ aga9/ "o ano!r 9 ! int]national ar5a & giv+ meantime at home exhibitions ( eloqu5ce & m r>ely ( ent]prise2 b ! p's passions are easily enli/$ 9 su* a game1 ( c\rse on ! side ( _! own gov]nm5t1 j z ea* college or region backs its own a?letes1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( pay+ _! bills4 ,nations give ! same k9d ( support to _! fight+ gov]nm5ts1 & ! sport+ passions & illusions conc]n$ are :at1 9 ! national game1 is call$ patriotism4 ,:]e p>ties & gov]nm5ts are bad1 z !y are 9 mo/ ages & c\ntries1 x makes practically no diff]5ce to a community1 ap>t f local ravages1 :e!r its own army or ! enemy's is victori\s 9 w>1 nor does x really affect any man's welf>e :e!r ! p>ty he happ5s to belong to is 9 (fice or n4 ,^! issues conc]n1 9 su* cases1 only ! army itself1 ^: lives & =tunes are at /ake1 or ! (ficial classes1 :o lose _! places :5 _! lead]s fall f p[]4 ,! private citiz5 9 any ev5t cont9ues 9 su* c\ntries to pay a maximum ( taxes & to suff]1 9 all 8 private int]e/s1 a maximum ( vexation & neglect4 ,nev]!less1 because he has "s son at ! front1 "s c\s9 9 ! gov]nm5t1 or "s hi/orical s5tim5t = ! flag & ! nom9al ess5ce ( 8 c\ntry1 ! oppress$ subject w gl[ l ! re/ ) patriotic ard\r1 & w decry z dead to duty & hon\r anyone :o po9ts out h[ p]v]se is ?is helpless allegiance to a gov]nm5t repres5t+ no public int]e/4 ,sid5ote3 ,exclusive patriotism rational only :5 ! gov]nm5t support$ is univ]sally b5efic5t4 ,9 proportion z gov]nm5ts become good & beg9 to op]ate = ! g5]al welf>e1 patriotism itself becomes repres5tative & an expression ( reason2 b j 9 ! same measure does ho/ility to t gov]nm5t on ! "p ( =eign]s become gr\ndless & p]v]se4 ,a competitive patriotism involves ill-w t[>d all o!r /ates & a secret & con/ant desire to see !m ?ra%$ & subord9at$4 ,x foll[s t a good gov]nm5t1 :ile x ju/ifies ?is gov]nm5tal patriotism 9 its subjects1 disall[s x 9 all o!r m54 ,= a good gov]nm5t is an int]national b5efit1 & ! prosp]ity & true greatness ( any c\ntry is a boon soon] or lat] to ! :ole _w2 x may eclipse ali5 gov]nm5ts & draw away local populations or indu/ries1 b x necess>ily b5efits ali5 individuals 9 s f> z x is all[$ to affect !m at all4 ,animosity aga9/ a well-gov]n$ c\ntry is !re=e madness4 ,a rational patriotism w\ld r take ! =m ( imitat+ & support+ t s-call$ =eign c\ntry1 & ev51 if practicable1 ( fus+ ) x4 ,! invidi\s & aggressive =m ( patriotism1 ?\gh inspir$ g5]ally only by local conceit1 w\ld nev]!less be really ju/ifi$ if su* conceit happ5$ to be well gr\nd$4 ,a dream ( univ]sal pr$om9ance visit+ a truly virtu\s & intellig5t p w\ld be an aspiration t[>d univ]sal b5efic5ce4 ,= e man :o is gov]n$ at all mu/ be gov]n$ by o!rs2 ! po9t is1 t ! o!rs1 9 rul+ him1 %all help him to be himself & give scope to 8 cong5ial activities4 ,:5 co]c$ 9 t direction he obeys a =ce :i*1 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w1 repres5ts him1 & consequ5tly he is truly free2 nor c\ld he be rul$ by a m native & rightful au?ority ?an by "o t div9es & satisfies 8 true necessities4 ,sid5ote3 ,accid5ts ( bir? & tra9+ affect ! ideal4 ,a man's nature is n1 h[ev]1 a quantity or quality fix$ unalt]ably & a priori4 ,z bre$+ & selection improve a race1 s e exp]i5ce modifies ! individual & (f]s a *ang$ basis = future exp]i5ce4 ,! language1 religion1 education1 & prejudices acquir$ 9 y\? bias "* & pr$et]m9e ! directions 9 :i* developm5t may g on4 ,a *ild might possibly *ange 8 c\ntry2 a man c only wi% t he might *ange x4 ,!re=e1 among ! true int]e/s :i* a gov]nm5t %\ld repres5t1 nationality itself mu/ be includ$4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y are conditions & may contribute some?+4 ,me*anical =ces1 we mu/ n we>y ( repeat+1 d n come m]ely to vitiate ! ideal2 !y come to create x4 ,! hi/orical backgr\nd ( life is a "p ( its sub/ance & ! ideal c nev] gr[ indep5d5tly ( its spread+ roots4 ,a sanctity hangs ab\t ! s\rces ( our be+1 :e!r physical1 social1 or imag9ative4 ,! anci5ts :o kiss$ ! e>? on return+ to _! native c\ntry express$ nobly & passionately :at e man feels = ^? regions & ^? traditions :5ce ! sap ( 8 own life has be5 suck$ 94 ,!re is a pr(\nd fri5dl9ess 9 :atev] revives primordial habits1 h[ev] !y may h be5 ov]laid ) lat] sophi/ications4 ,= ?is reason ! homeli] words ( a "m tongue1 ! m famili> assurances ( an ance/ral religion1 & ! v sav\r ( *ildhood's di%es1 rema9 always a pot5t means to awak5 emotion4 ,su* +ra9$ influ5ces1 9 _! vague totality1 make a man's true nationality4 ,a gov]nm5t1 9 ord] to repres5t ! g5]al int]e/s ( its subjects1 mu/ move 9 sympa?y ) _! habits & memories2 x mu/ respect _! idiosyncrasy = ! same reason t x protects _! lives4 ,if p>t+ f a s+le object ( love be1 z x is1 true dy+1 h[ mu* m w\ld a %ift+ ( all ! affections be dea? to ! s\l4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y are n ends4 ,t5d]ness to su* creative influ5ces is a m>k ( pr(undity2 x has ! same relation to political life t transc5d5talism has to sci5ce & morals2 x %r9ks back into radical facts1 into c5tres ( vital radiation1 & quick5s ! s5se = inn] orig9s4 ,nationality is a natural =ce & a con/itu5t 9 "* :i* %\ld be reckon$ ) & by no means be all[$ to miss ^? fruits :i* x alone might be>2 b1 l ! ?+s x v5]ates1 x is only a />t+-po9t = lib]al life4 ,j z to be always talk+ ab\t transc5d5tal po9ts ( ref]5ce1 primordial reality1 & ! self to :i* ev]y?+ appe>s1 ?\gh at fir/ x might pass = spiritual insight1 is 9 ! end no?+ b p$antry & impot5ce1 s to be always h>p+ on nationality is to conv]t :at %\ld be a recognition ( natural conditions into a ridicul\s pride 9 "o's own oddities4 ,nature has hidd5 ! roots ( ?+s1 & ?\gh botany mu/ n[ & !n dig !m up = ! sake ( compreh5sion1 _! place is /ill "u gr\nd1 if fl[]s & fruits are to be expect$4 ,! private loyalties :i* a man mu/ h t[>d 8 own p1 gr\nd+ z !y alone c 8 morality & g5ius1 ne$ nev]!less to be seldom p>ad$4 ,att5tion1 :5 well direct$1 turns r to mak+ imman5t racial =ces blossom out 9 ! common m$ium & express !mselves 9 ways consonant ) practical reason & univ]sal progress4 ,a man's feet mu/ be plant$ 9 8 c\ntry1 b 8 eyes %\ld survey ! _w4 ,:at a /atesman might well aim at w\ld be to give ! special s5tim5ts & gifts ( 8 c\ntrym5 su* a turn t1 :ile cont9u+ all vital traditions1 !y might f9d less & less ( :at is human ali5 to _! g5ius4 ,diff]5ces 9 nationality1 f\nd$ on race & habitat1 mu/ always subsi/2 b :at has be5 sup]add$ artificially by ignorance & bigotry may be gradually aboli%$ 9 view ( univ]sal relations bett] und]/ood4 ,!re is a c]ta9 plane on :i* all races1 if !y rea* x at all1 mu/ live 9 common1 ! plane ( morals & sci5ce2 :i* is n to say t ev5 9 ^? activities ! m9d betrays no racial acc5t4 ,:at is exclud$ f sci5ce & morals is n v>iety1 b contradiction4 ,any community :i* _h begun to cultivate ! ,life ( ,reason 9 ^? highe/ fields w\ld t5d to live rationally on all subord9ate levels also2 = ) sci5ce & morality rationally appli$ ! be/ possible use w\ld be made ( e local & hi/orical accid5t4 ,:]e traditions _h "s virtue or necessity ab\t !m !y w\ld be pres]v$2 :]e !y 7 rem$iable prejudices !y w\ld be sup]s$$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! symbol = c\ntry may be a man & may become an idol4 ,at ! bir? ( society in/9cts exi/$1 ne$ful to ! animal & hav+ a c]ta9 glori\s impetuosity ab\t !m1 :i* prompt$ common action & spee*1 & a public morality1 & m5 7 l$ to con/ruct my?s t might seem to ju/ify ?is co-op]ation4 ,pat]nal au?ority c\ld easily sugge/ "o symbol = social loyalty3 ! *ief1 probably a v5]able & imp]i\s p]sonage1 c\ld be call$ a fa!r & obey$ z a natural ma/]4 ,8 comm& might by conv5tion be reg>d$ z an expression ( ! common voice1 j z ! fa!r's w is by nature ! repres5tative ( 8 *ildr5's int]e/s4 ,aga91 ! memb]s ( ea* community 7 di/+ui%$ f _! enemies by _m a sign & cu/om2 ^! signs & cu/oms might also become a graphic symbol = ! common life4 ,bo? ^! cases sugge/ h[ easily a symbol takes ! place ( its object & becomes an idol4 ,if ! symbol happ5s to be a man !re are natural human s5tim5ts awak5$ by him2 & :atev] respect 8 "* or gifts may inspire1 :atev] *>m !re may be 9 8 p]son1 :atev] graci\sness he may add to 8 (ficial fav\rs or comm&s1 increase imm5sely 8 p]sonal asc5d5cy4 ,a k+ has a great opportunity to make himself lov$4 ,?is scope giv5 to private incl9ation is :at1 to ord9>y fancy1 makes royalty enviable2 few envy its imp]sonal p[] & hi/oric weight4 ,yet if a k+ 7 no?+ b a man surr\nd$ by flatt]]s1 :o 0 *e]$ :5 he drove abroad1 !re w\ld be little /ability 9 mon>*y4 ,a k+ is really ! /ate's h+e & c5tre ( gravity1 ! po9t :]e all private & p>ty ambitions meet &1 9 a s5se1 are neutralis$4 ,x is n easy = factions to ov]turn him1 = e o!r =ce 9 ! /ate w in/9ctively support him aga9/ faction4 ,8 elevation above ev]yone1 ! id5tity ( 8 sob] int]e/s ) ^? ( ! /ate at l>ge1 is calculat$ to make him ! p's natural repres5tative2 8 ^w has !re=e a g5u9e au?ority1 & 8 asc5d5cy1 n be+ invidi\s1 is able to secure int]nal peace1 ev5 :5 n enlight5$ en\gh to insure prosp]ity or to avoid =eign w>s4 ,accord+ly1 :5ev] a mon>*y is at all repres5tative "t has an irresi/ible t5d5cy to increase its pre/ige2 ! k+ is felt to be ! gu>dian z well z ! symbol ( all public greatness4 ,meantime a d\ble dislocation is possible "h3 patriotism may be :olly id5tifi$ ) p]sonal loyalty to ! sov]eign1 :ile ! sov]eign himself1 in/ead ( mak+ public int]e/s 8 own1 may direct 8 policy s z to satisfy 8 private passions4 ,! fir/ confusion leads to a conflict betwe5 tradition & reason2 ! second to ! ru9 ( ei!r ! /ate or ! mon>*y4 ,9 a ^w1 a symbol ne$s to rema9 transp>5t & to become adequate2 fail+ 9 ei!r respect1 x misses its function4 ,sid5ote3 ,feudal repres5tation s5sitive b p>tial4 ,! feudal sy/em (f]s p]haps ! be/ illu/ration ( a patriotism :olly subm]g$ 9 loyalty4 ,! s5se ( mutual obligation & s]vice 0 v cle> 9 ?is case2 ! vassal 9 swe>+ fealty knew p]fectly well :at sort ( a b>ga9 he 0 /rik+4 ,a feudal gov]nm5t1 :ile x la/$1 0 accord+ly highly responsive & responsible4 ,if false to its call+1 x c\ld be readily dis[n$1 = x is easy to break an oa? & to make new milit>y associations1 especially :]e t]ritorial units are small & _! l9ks accid5tal4 ,b ?is p]sonal1 consci\s1 & jeal\s subord9ation ( man to man con/itut$ a gov]nm5t ( insignificant scope4 ,milit>y functions 7 alone consid]$ & ! re/ 0 all[$ to %ift = itself4 ,feudalism c\ld h be5 possible only 9 a b>b>\s age :5 ! arts exi/$ on suff]ance & liv$ on by little t5tative resurrections4 ,! feudal "l 0 a g5u9e repres5tative ( a v small "p ( 8 vassal's int]e/s4 ,?is slight bond suffic$1 h[ev]1 to give him a great pre/ige & to /imulate 9 him all ! habits & virtues ( a responsible ma/]2 s t 9 ,engl&1 :]e ve/iges ( feudalism ab\nd to ?is day1 !re is an ari/ocracy n m]ely titul>4 ,sid5ote3 ,mon>*ical repres5tation compreh5sive b trea*]\s4 ,a highly conc5trat$ mon>*y pres5ts ! exactly opposite ph5om5on4 ,"h subord9ation is involunt>y & mutual responsibility l>gely unconsci\s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! scope ( repres5tation is v wide & ! mon>* may well embody ! :ole life ( ! nation4 ,a great c\rt1 ) (fic]s ( /ate & a /&+ army1 is s5sitive to no?+ s mu* z to g5]al appe>ances & g5]al results4 ,! invisible =ces ( indu/ry1 morality1 & p]sonal ambition t really su/a9 ! /ate are n /udi$ or fom5t$ by su* a gov]nm5t2 s t :5 ^! res\rces beg9 to fail1 ! ensu+ cata/rophes are a my/]y to ev]ybody4 ,! k+ & 8 m9i/]s nev] cease wond]+ h[ !y c be s con/antly un=tunate4 ,s long1 h[ev]1 z ! nation's vital =ce is unsp5t & taxes & soldi]s are available 9 pl5ty1 a great mon>*y t5ds to turn ^? res\rces to notable results4 ,! arts & sci5ces are enc\rag$ by ! patronage ( m5 ( bre$+ & affairs2 !y are discipl9$ into a c]ta9 firmness & amplitude :i* arti/s & s*ol>s1 if left to !mselves1 are commonly incapable (4 ,life is ref9$2 religion itself1 unless fanaticism be too hopelessly 9 ! asc5dant1 is co-ord9at$ ) o!r public int]e/s & compell$ to s]ve mank9d2 a lib]al life is made possible2 ! imag9ation is /imulat$ & set free by t same brilliant conc5tration ( all human en]gies :i* defeats practical lib]ty4 ,at ! same "t luxury & all mann] ( conceits are "p & p>cel ( su* a c\rtly civilisation1 & its be/ products are ! fir/ to be lo/2 s t v likely ! dumb =ces ( society--hung]1 consci5ce1 & malice--w n d any great h>m :5 !y de/roy ^? trea*]\s in/itutions :i*1 aft] giv+ ! _s a mom5t>y expression1 _h become an (f5ce to bo? _s & fle%4 ,obs]v]s at ! "t may lam5t ! collapse ( s mu* elegance & greatness2 b nature has no memory & bru%es away )\t a qualm h] c>d-ca/le ( ye/]day1 if a new con/ructive impulse possesses h] to-day4 ,sid5ote3 ,imp]sonal symbols no advantage4 ,:]e no suitable p]sons are f\nd to embody ! /ate's unity1 o!r symbols h to be *os54 ,besides ! gods & _! temples1 !re are ! laws :i* may1 z among ! ,jews & ,mohamm$ans1 become z mu* a feti* z any mon>*1 & "o m long-liv$2 or else "s traditional policy ( rev5ge or conque/1 or ev5 ! c\ntry's "n or flag1 may s]ve ?is symbolic purpose4 ,a trivial emblem1 :i* no ?9k+ man c sub/itute = ! ?+ signifi$1 is n s great an advantage z at fir/ sight x might seem2 = 9 ! fir/ place m5 are (t5 ?\ghtless & adore words & symbols ) a t]rible e>ne/ness2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 an ab/ract tok51 because ( its natural insipidity1 c be made to /& = any?+2 s t patriotism1 :5 x uses pomp\s words alone = its /imulus1 is v apt to be a cloak = private int]e/s1 :i* ! speak] may s9c]ely conceive to be ! only int]e/s 9 "q4 ,sid5ote3 ,patriotism n self-int]e/1 save to ! social man ^: aims are ideal4 ,! ess5ce ( patriotism is ?us annull$1 = patriotism does n consi/ 9 consid]+ ! private & sordid int]e/s ( o!rs z well z "o's own1 by a k9d ( sympa?y :i* is m]ely vic>i\s or epidemic selfi%ness2 patriotism consi/s r 9 be+ s5sitive to a set ( int]e/s :i* no "o c\ld h _h if he _h liv$ 9 isolation1 b :i* accrue to m5 consci\s ( liv+ 9 society1 & 9 a society hav+ ! scope & hi/ory ( a nation4 ,x 0 ! vice ( lib]alism to believe t common int]e/s cov]$ no?+ b ! sum ( ^? objects :i* ea* individual might pursue alone2 :]eby sci5ce1 religion1 art1 language1 & nationality itself w\ld cease to be matt]s ( public conc]n & w\ld appeal to ! individual m]ely z in/rum5ts4 ,! welf>e ( a flock ( %eep is secur$ if ea* is well f$ & wat]$1 b ! welf>e ( a human society involves ! p>tial )drawal ( e memb] f su* pursuits to att5d in/ead to memory & to ideal possessions2 ^! involve a c]ta9 consci\s cont9uity & organisation 9 ! /ate n necess>y = animal exi/5ce4 ,x is n = man's int]e/ to live unless he c live 9 ! _s1 because 8 spiritual capacity1 :5 unus$1 w lac]ate & d]ange ev5 8 physical life4 ,! brutal individuali/ falls into ! same error into :i* despots fall :5 !y decl>e w> out ( p]sonal pique or tax ! p to build !mselves a pyramid1 n disc]n+ _! c\ntry's int]e/s1 :i* !y might h appropriat$1 f int]e/s ( _! own :i* no "o else c %>e4 ,democracies1 too1 are full ( patriots ( ?is lordly /ripe1 m5 ^: patriotism consi/s 9 joy at _! p]sonal possessions & 9 desire to increase !m4 ,! resultant ( g5]al selfi%ness might conceivably be a g5]al ord]2 b ?\gh intellig5t selfi%ness1 if univ]sal1 might suffice = good gov]nm5t1 x c\ld n suffice = nationality4 ,patriotism is an imag9ative passion1 & imag9ation is +5u\s4 ,! value ( patriotism is n utilit>ian1 b ideal4 ,x belongs to ! free =ms ( society & ennobles a man n s mu* because x n]ves him to "w or to die1 :i* ! base/ passions may also d1 b because x associates him1 9 work+ or dy+1 ) an immortal & fri5dly companion1 ! _s ( 8 race4 ,?is he receiv$ f 8 ance/ors temp]$ by _! a*ievem5ts1 & may transmit to po/]ity qualifi$ by 8 own4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,ideal ,,society ,sid5ote3 ,! greg>i\s in/9ct all social in/9cts 9 susp5se4 ,to _m be+s--to almo/ all t p ! e>? & sky--ea* s\l is n atta*$ by any practical int]e/4 ,"s are too di/ant to be p]ceiv$2 ! proximity ( o!rs passes unnotic$4 ,x is f> f requisite1 9 pursu+ safety1 t e /range animal be reg>d$ z ei!r a fri5d or an enemy4 ,wanton ho/ilities w\ld wa/e ammunition & idle atta*m5ts w\ld wa/e "t4 ,yet x (t5 happ5s t "s ( ^! be+s1 hav+ some?+ 9 common ) creatures we are wont to notice1 s9ce we /& to !m 9 sexual1 p>5tal1 or ho/ile relations1 _c well g unobs]v$4 ,_! pres5ce fills u ) a vague g5]al emotion1 ! arre/$ possibility at once ( sexual1 ( p>5tal1 & ( ho/ile actions4 ,?is emotion is greg>i\s or imp]sonally social4 ,! flock x commonly reg>ds may be describ$ z an aggregate 9 :i* p>5ts & *ildr5 h be5 subm]g$1 9 :i* mates are n yet select$1 & enemies n yet descri$4 ,greg>i\s s5tim5t is passive1 wat*ful1 expectant1 at once p[]ful & indi/9ct1 tr\bl$ & fasc9at$ by ?+s m]ely possible4 ,x r5d]s solitude t]rible )\t mak+ society p>ticul>ly delightful4 ,a dull feel+ ( famili>ity & com=t is all we c reasonably attribute to un9t]rupt$ troop+ toge!r4 ,yet bani%m5t f an accu/om$ society is (t5 unbe>able4 ,a creature sep>at$ f 8 gr\p f9ds all 8 social in/9cts b]eft ( objects & ( possible ex]cise2 ! sexual1 if by *ance ! sexual be at ! "t active2 ! p>5tal1 ) all its ext5sions2 & ! combative1 ) all its supports4 ,he is helpless & idle1 depriv$ ( all res\rce & employm5t4 ,yet :5 re/or$ to 8 tribe1 he m]ely resumes a normal exi/5ce4 ,all p>ticul> feats & opportunities are /ill to seek4 ,company is n occupation4 ,society is l ! air1 necess>y to brea! b insuffici5t to live on4 ,simil> be+s h]d+ toge!r 9 ! same places are naturally subject to simultane\s reactions1 & ! s5se ( ?is common reaction makes possible ! conception ( _m m9ds hav+ a common exp]i5ce4 ,! elem5ts ( ?is exp]i5ce !y express to "o ano!r by signs4 ,= :5 spontane\s reactions occur toge!r 9 _m animals1 ea*1 kn[+ well 8 own emotion1 w inevitably take ! p]ceiv$ attitude & ge/ure ( 8 fell[s = its expression--= 8 own attitude & ge/ure he kn[s no?+ (2 & he w ?us possess1 )\t fur!r in/ruction1 ! outw>d sign = 8 inn] exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,x gives rise to consci5ce or sympa?y ) ! public voice4 ,x is see h[ a moral _w c gr[ out ( ^! prim>y intuitions4 ,kn[+1 = in/ance1 ! expression ( ang]1 a man may come to f9d ang] direct$ aga9/ himself2 toge!r ) physical fe> 9 ! pres5ce ( attack1 he w feel ! contagion ( 8 enemy's passion1 especially if 8 enemy be ! :ole gr\p ^: reactions he is wont to %>e1 & some?+ 9 him w /rive to be angry toge!r ) ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,he w p]fectly und]/& t indignation aga9/ himself :i* 9 fact he in/9ctively %>es4 ,?is self-condemn+ emotion w be 8 s5se ( %ame & 8 consci5ce4 ,words soon come to give def9ition to su* a feel+1 :i* )\t expression 9 language w\ld h b little /ability4 ,= :5 a man is attract$ to an act1 ev5 if x be condemn$ by o!rs1 he views x z delightful & eligible 9 itself2 b :5 he is =c$1 by ! conv5tional use ( words1 to atta* to t act an opprobri\s epi!t1 an epi!t :i* he himself has always appli$ ) scorn1 he f9ds himself unable to suppress ! emotion connot$ by ! ^w2 he _c def5d 8 rebelli\s intuition aga9/ ! tyranny ( language2 he is inw>dly confus$ & divid$ aga9/ himself1 & out ( 8 own m\? convict$ ( wick$ness4 ,a pro( ( ! notable influ5ce t language has on ^! emotions may be f\nd 9 _! trans=mations4 ,! connivance ( a v few p]sons is suffici5t to e/abli% among !m a new application ( eulogi/ic t]ms2 x w suffice to suppress all qualms 9 ! pursuance ( _! common impulse & to consecrate a new ideal ( "*4 ,x is accord+ly no p>adox t !re %\ld be hon\r among ?ieves1 k9dness among h>lots1 & probity among fanatics4 ,!y h n lo/ _! consci5ce2 !y h m]ely introduc$ a flatt]+ h]esy into ! conv5tional code1 to make room = ! p>ticul> passion indulg$ 9 _! little _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,guises ( public op9ion4 ,sympa?y ) ! g5]al m9d may also take o!r =ms4 ,public op9ion1 9 a vivaci\s & cle>-head$ community1 may be felt to be ! casual & irresponsible ?+ :i* 9 tru? x is4 ,hom]1 = in/ance1 has no m solemn vehicle = x ?an ! indef9ite & unacc\ntable ,greek3 tis4 8,s10 he tells u1 8somebody or anybody said40 ,9 ! ,greek trag$ians ?is unau?oritative entity 0 replac$ by ! *orus1 an assemblage ( conv5tional p]sons1 incapable ( any orig9al p]ception1 b possess+ a fund ( traditional lore1 a j if some:at encumb]$ consci5ce1 & ! gift ( song4 ,?is *orus 0 !re=e mu* l ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* & l t cele/ial *oir ( :i* ! *ur* wi%es to be ! e>?ly e*o4 ,l ! *ur*1 ! tragic *orus _h au?ority1 because x repres5t$ a wide1 if ill-dige/$1 exp]i5ce2 & x _h solemnity1 because x spoke 9 ar*aic tropes1 emotional & obscure symbols ( prehi/oric conflicts4 ,^! sacram5tal =ms reta9$ _! p[] to move 9 spite ( _! little p]t95ce to liv+ issues1 p>tly on acc\nt ( ! my/]y :i* en%r\d$ _! =gott5 passion & p>tly on acc\nt ( ! fanta/ic int]pretations :i* t pregnant obscurity all[$4 ,sid5ote3 ,oracles & revelations4 ,f> m p[]ful1 h[ev]1 are ^? embodim5ts ( ! g5]al consci5ce :i* religion furni%es 9 its fir/ & spontane\s phase1 z :5 ! ,hebrew prophets d>$ to cry1 8,s sai? ! ,"l40 ,su* fai? 9 "o's own inspiration is a m pliable oracle ?an tradition or a tragic *orus1 & m responsive to ! ne$s & *anges ( ! h\r4 ,occid5tal philosoph]s1 9 _! less simple & less eloqu5t mann]1 h (t5 repeat$ t arrogant ,hebraic cry3 !y h told u 9 _! sy/ems :at ,god ?9ks ab\t ! _w4 ,su* pret5sions w\ld be surpris+ did we n rem9d ourselves ( ! obvi\s tru? t :at m5 attribute to ,god is no?+ b ! ideal !y value & grope = 9 !mselves1 & t ! comm&m5ts1 my?ically said to come f ! ,mo/ ,high1 fl[ 9 fact f common reason & local exp]i5ce4 ,if hi/ory did n enable u to trace ?is d]ivation1 ! ev]-pres5t practical /&>d = fai? w\ld suffici5tly indicate x2 = no "o w\ld accept z div9e a revelation :i* he felt to be immoral or f\nd to be p]nici\s4 ,& yet su* a deviation into ! malefic5t is always possible :5 a code is uproot$ f its rational soil & transplant$ into a realm ( imag9ation1 :]e x is subject to all sorts ( arbitr>y di/ortions4 ,if ! sexual in/9ct %\ld atta* u 7z 9 its ext5sions & dislocations x sometimes does7 to be+s incapable ( satisfy+ x or ( unit+ ) u 9 propagat+ ! race1 we %\ld1 ( c\rse1 /udy to correct t ab]ration s t our joys & desires might m>* 9 /ep ) ! possible progress ( ! _w4 ,9 ! same way1 if ! greg>i\s in/9ct %\ld br+ u into ! imag9$ pres5ce ( companions t really did n exi/1 or on ^: attitude & co-op]ation our successes 9 no way dep5d$1 we %\ld try to lead back our s5se ( fell[%ip to its natural f\ndations & possible sanctions4 ,society exi/s s f> z does analog\s exi/5ce & community ( ends4 ,we may1 9 ref9+ ! social in/9ct1 f9d "s fell[%ip 9 ! cl\ds & 9 ! />s1 = ^!1 ?\gh remote1 are companions ( our c>e]4 ,by poetic analogy we may include 9 ! social _w :atev] helps or ?w>ts our developm5t1 & is auxili>y to ! en]gies ( ! s\l1 ev5 if t object be inanimate4 ,:atev] _s 9 ! pa/ or future1 or 9 ! remote/ regions ( ! sky1 %>es our love & pursuit1 say ( ma!matics or ( music1 or ( any ideal object1 becomes1 if we c someh[ div9e 8 exi/5ce1 a p>tn] 9 our joys & sorr[s1 & a welcome fri5d4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ideal a measure = all exi/5ces & no exi/5ce itself4 ,^? ideal objects1 h[ev]1 = ^: sake all revolutions 9 space & "t may be foll[$ ) int]e/1 are n !mselves memb]s ( our society4 ,! ideal to :i* all =ces %\ld m9i/] is itself no =ce or factor 9 its own realisation4 ,su* a possible disposition ( ?+s is a m]e idea1 et]nal & in]t1 a =m life might possibly take on & ! "o our endeav\rs1 if !y 7 consi/5t1 w\ld wi% to impose on x4 ,?is ideal itself1 h[ev]1 has (t5 be5 express$ 9 "s my?ical figure or ,utopia4 ,s to express x is simply to indulge an innoc5t in/9ct = prophecy & metaphor2 b un=tunately ! v innoc5ce ( fancy may engage x all ! m hopelessly 9 a tangle ( bad dreams4 ,if we once id5tify our ,utopia or o!r ideal ) ! real =ces t surr\nd u1 or ) any "o ( !m1 we h fall5 into an illusion f :i* we %all em]ge only aft] bitt] disappo9tm5ts2 & ev5 :5 we h come out aga9 into ! op51 we %all long c>ry ) u ! desolat+ s5se ( wa/$ opportunities & vitiat$ *>act]s4 ,= to h tak5 our purposes = our help]s is to h defeat$ ! fir/ & ignor$ ! second2 x is to h neglect$ rational lab\r & at ! same "t debau*$ social s5se4 ,! religi\s ext5sions ( society %\ld !re=e be c>efully wat*$2 = :ile sometimes1 z ) ! ,hebrew prophets1 religion gives dramatic expression to actual social =ces & helps to int5sify moral feel+1 x (t51 z 9 my/ics ( all cre$s & ages1 dead5s ! consci\sness ( real ties by feign+ ties :i* are purely imag9>y4 ,?is self-deception is ! m frequ5t because !re float be=e m5 :o live 9 ! _s ideals :i* !y look to ) ! respect naturally r5d]$ to :atev] is true1 beautiful1 or good2 & ! symbolic r5d]+ ( ^! ideals1 :i* is ! rational function ( religion1 may be confus$ ) its sup]/iti\s or utilit>ian "p--) exploit+ occult =ces to aid u 9 ! "w ( life4 ,occult =ces may inde$ exi/1 & !y may ev5 be s dispos$ t ! ideal is s]v$ by _! ag5cy2 b ! mo/ notable embodim5t ( a pr9ciple is n itself a pr9ciple1 be+ only an in/ance1 & ! mo/ exact fulfilm5t ( a law is n a law1 be+ simply an ev5t4 ,to discov] a law may meantime be ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ev5ts1 & ! image or =mula t expresses a pr9ciple may be ! mo/ welcome ( intellectual pres5ces4 ,^! symbols1 weight$ ) _! wide significance1 may hold ! m9d & attract its en]gies into _! vortex2 & human g5ius is c]ta9ly n at its wor/ :5 employ$ 9 fram+ a good my? or a good argum5t4 ,! lov] ( repres5tation1 be he ?9k] or dramati/1 moves by pref]5ce 9 an ideal society4 ,8 communion ) ! _w is half a soliloquy1 = ! p]sonages 9 8 dialogue are private symbols1 & be+ symbols !y /& = :at is n !mselves2 ! language he imputes to !m is 8 own1 ?\gh x is _! ways t prompt him to impute t language to !m4 ,pla/ic images ( 8 own mak+ & %ift+ are 8 sole means ( envisag+ et]nal pr9ciples & ultimate sub/ances1 ?+s ideal & pot5tial1 :i* c nev] become ph5om5al 9 _! own p]sons4 ,sid5ote3 ,contra/ betwe5 natural & intellectual bonds4 ,x is an inspir+ ?\ght1 & a true "o1 t 9 proportion z a man's int]e/s become humane & 8 ef=ts rational1 he appropriates & exp&s a common life1 :i* reappe>s 9 all individuals :o rea* ! same imp]sonal level ( ideas--a level :i* 8 own influ5ce may help !m to ma9ta94 ,patriotism envisages ?is ideal life 9 s f> z x is locally col\r$ & gr\nd$ 9 c]ta9 racial aptitudes & traditions2 b ! community recognis$ 9 patriotism is imb$d$ 9 a l>g] "o embrac+ all liv+ creatures4 ,:ile 9 "s respects we f9d sympa?y m complete ! ne>] home we rema91 9 ano!r s5se !re is no true companion%ip except ) ! univ]se4 ,in/9ctive society1 ) its compulsory affections1 is ( c\rse deep] & m elem5t>y ?an any free or intellectual union4 ,love is at once m animal ?an fri5d%ip & m div9e2 & ! same ?+ may be said ( family affection :5 comp>$ ) patriotism4 ,:at lies ne>] ! roots ( our be+ mu/ ne$s enjoy a wid] preval5ce & engage ! s\l m completely1 be+ able to t\* its dep?s & hu% its primordial murmurs4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! free _s1 ! political & speculative g5ius 9 man1 *afes "u ^? bl9d involutions & mat]ial bonds4 ,natural1 b5efic5t1 sacr$1 z 9 a s5se !y may be1 !y someh[ oppress ! intellect &1 l a brood+ "m1 half /ifle :at !y fe$4 ,some?+ drives ! y\? afield1 into solitude1 into ali5 fri5d%ips2 only 9 ! face ( nature & an indiff]5t _w c he become himself4 ,su* a flight f home & all its pieties gr[s m urg5t :5 !re is "s real conflict ( temp] or consci5ce betwe5 ! "y man & :at is e/abli%$ 9 8 family2 & ?is happ5s (t5 because1 aft] all1 ! mo/ b5efic5t conv5tions are b me*anisms :i* mu/ ignore ! nic] s5sibilities & div]g5ces ( liv+ s\ls4 ,sid5ote3 ,appeal f man to ,god1 f real to ideal society4 ,common m5 accept ^! spiritual tyrannies1 weak m5 rep9e at !m1 & great m5 break !m d[n4 ,b to defy ! _w is a s]i\s bus9ess1 & requires ! greate/ c\rage1 ev5 if ! defiance t\* 9 ! fir/ place only ! _w's ideals4 ,mo/ m5's consci5ce1 habits1 & op9ions are borr[$ f conv5tion & ga!r cont9ual com=t+ assurances f ! same social cons5sus t orig9ally sugge/$ !m4 ,to rev]se ?is process1 to consult "o's own exp]i5ce & elicit "o's own judgm5t1 *all5g+ ^? 9 vogue1 seems too (t5 audaci\s & futile2 b !re are impetu\s m9ds born to disreg>d ! *ances aga9/ !m1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( d5y+ t !y are tak+ *ances at all4 ,= 9 ! fir/ in/ance x nev] occurs to ! inv5tor t he is ! s\rce ( 8 new insight2 he ?9ks he has m]ely op5$ 8 eyes & se5 :at1 by an inconceivable folly1 ! :ole _w _h gr[n bl9d to4 ,wise m5 9 antiquity1 he imag9es1 saw ! facts z he sees !m1 z ! gods see !m n[1 & z all sane m5 %all see !m h5ce=w>d4 ,?us1 if ! innovator be a religi\s s\l1 gr[n consci\s ( "s new spiritual pr9ciple1 he w try to f9d support = 8 inspiration 9 "s lo/ book ( ! law or 9 "s e>ly div9e revelation corrupt$1 z he w ass]t1 by wick$ m51 or ev5 9 "s direct voice f heav52 no delusion w be too obvi\s1 no re-int]pretation too =c$1 if x c help him to f9d ext]nal support some:]e = 8 spontane\s conviction4 ,to d5\nce "o au?ority he ne$s to invoke ano!r1 & if no o!r be f\nd1 he w inv5t or1 z !y say1 he w po/ulate "o4 ,8 c\rage 9 fac+ ! actual _w is ?us support$ by 8 ability to exp& ! _w 9 imag9ation4 ,9 sep>at+ himself f 8 fell[-m5 he has made a new companion out ( 8 ideal4 ,an impetu\s _s :5 betray$ by ! _w w cry1 8,i "k t my r$eem] live?02 & ! antiphonal response w come m wi/fully aft] reflection3 8,x =tifies my s\l to "k ,t ?\gh ,i w&]1 ,tru? is s40 ,sid5ote3 ,significant symbols rev]t to ! concrete4 ,! deceptions :i* nature practises on m5 are n always cruel4 ,^! are also k9dly deceptions :i* prompt him to pursue or expect 8 own good :51 ?\gh n de/9$ to come 9 ! =m he looks =1 ?is good is really de/9$ to come 9 "s %ape or o!r4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 are ! illusions ( romantic love1 :i* may really t]m9ate 9 a family life practically bett] ?an ! absolute & *im]ical unions :i* t love _h dream$ (4 ,su*1 aga91 are ^? illusions ( consci5ce :i* atta* unspeakable vague p5alties & repugnances to acts :i* commonly h bad results1 ?\gh ^! are impossible to =eca/ ) precision4 ,:5 disillusion comes1 :ile x may br+ a mom5t>y %ock1 x ends by produc+ a settl$ satisfaction unkn[n be=e1 a satisfaction :i* ! covet$ prize1 c\ld x h be5 atta9$1 w\ld h>dly h secur$4 ,:5 on ! day ( judgm5t1 or e>li]1 a man p]ceives t :at he ?\ght he 0 do+ = ! ,"l's sake he 0 really do+ = ! b5efit ( ! lea/1 p]haps1 ( ! ,"l's creatures1 8 satisfaction1 aft] a mom5t's surprise1 w c]ta9ly be v g5u9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature a symbol = de/9y4 ,su* k9dly illusions are involv$ 9 ! symbolic me?od by :i* g5]al relations & ! inconceivably diffuse reality ( ?+s h to be appreh5d$4 ,! />s are 9 human ?\ght a symbol = ! sil5t =ces ( de/9y1 really embodi$ 9 =ms beyond our appreh5sion2 = :o %all say :at actual be+ may or may n correspond to t pot5tiality ( life or s5sation :i* is all t ! ext]nal _w c be to our sci5ce8 ,:5 a/rology inv5t$ ! horoscope x made an absurdly premature translation ( cele/ial hi]oglyphics into t language ( univ]sal de/9y :i* 9 ! end !y may be made to speak4 ,! p]fect a/ronom]1 :5 he und]/ood at la/ exactly :at pragmatic value ! univ]se has1 & :at =tunes ! />s actually =ebode1 w\ld be pleasantly surpris$ to discov] t he 0 no?+ b an a/rolog] gr[n compet5t & hone/4 ,sid5ote3 ,repres5tative notions h also inh]5t values4 ,ideal society belongs entirely to ?is realm ( k9dly illusion1 = x is ! society ( symbols4 ,:5ev] religion1 art1 or sci5ce pres5ts u ) an image or a =mula1 involv+ no matt] h[ mom5t\s a tru?1 !re is some?+ delusive 9 ! repres5tation4 ,x ne$s translation into ! detail$ exp]i5ce :i* x sums up 9 our own pa/ or prophecies else:]e4 ,?is ev5tual *ange 9 =m1 f> f nullify+ our k1 c alone legitimise x4 ,a conception n r$ucible to ! small *ange ( daily exp]i5ce is l a curr5cy n ex*angeable = articles ( consumption2 x is n a symbol1 b a fraud4 ,& yet !re is ano!r aspect to ! matt]4 ,symbols are pres5ces1 & !y are ^? p>ticul>ly cong5ial pres5ces :i* we h inw>dly evok$ & ca/ 9 a =m intelligible & famili> to human ?9k+4 ,_! function is to give flat exp]i5ce a rational p]spective1 translat+ ! g5]al flux into /able objects & mak+ x repres5table 9 human disc\rse4 ,!y are !re=e preci\s1 n only = _! repres5tative or practical value1 imply+ useful adju/m5ts to ! environ+ _w1 b ev5 m1 sometimes1 = _! imm$iate or /hetic p[]1 = _! k9%ip to ! _s !y enlight5 & ex]cise4 ,?is is prevail+ly true 9 ! f9e arts :i* seem to express man ev5 m ?an !y express nature2 al?\gh 9 art also ! symbol w\ld lose all its significance & mu* ( its inw>d articulation if natural objects & ev5tual exp]i5ce c\ld be disreg>d$ 9 con/ruct+ x4 ,9 music1 inde$1 ?is ult]ior significance is r$uc$ to a m9imum2 yet x p]si/s1 s9ce music br+s an ideal object be=e ! m9d :i* ne$s1 to "s ext5t1 translation into t]ms no long] musical--t]ms1 = in/ance1 ( skill1 dramatic passion1 or moral s5tim5t4 ,b 9 music pre-em95tly1 & v l>gely 9 all ! arts1 ext]nal propriety is adv5titi\s2 s mu* c ! m]e pres5ce & weight ( a symbol fill ! m9d & con/itute an absolute possession4 ,sid5ote3 ,religion & sci5ce indirectly cognitive & directly ideal4 ,9 religion & sci5ce ! ov]t purpose ( symbols is to repres5t ext]nal tru?s4 ,! inv5tors ( ^! symbols ?9k !y are m]ely uncov]+ a self-exi/5t reality1 hav+ 9 itself ! v =m se5 9 _! idea4 ,!y d n p]ceive t ! society ( ,god or ,nature is an ideal society1 nor t ^! phantoms1 loom+ 9 _! imag9ation1 are b significant figm5ts ^: exi/5t basis is a m9ute & indef9ite s]ies ( ord9>y p]ceptions4 ,!y consequ5tly attribute :atev] value _! g5ial syn!ses may h to ! object z !y picture x4 ,! gods h1 !y fancy1 ! aspect & passions1 ! hi/ory & influ5ce :i* _! my? unfolds2 nature 9 its turn conta9s hypo/atically j ^? laws & =ces :i* are describ$ by !ory4 ,consequ5tly ! pres5ce ( ,god or ,nature seems to ! my?ologi/ n an ideal1 b a real & mutual society1 z if collat]al be+s1 end[$ ) ! conceiv$ *>act]s1 actually exi/$ z m5 exi/4 ,b ?is op9ion is unt5able4 ,z ,hobbes said1 9 a phrase :i* ought to be inscrib$ 9 gold5 lett]s ov] ! head ( e talk+ philosoph]3 ,no disc\rse :atsoev] c end 9 absolute k ( fact4 ,absolute k ( fact is imm$iate1 x is exp]i5tial4 ,we %\ld h to become ,god or ,nature 9 ord] to "k = a fact t !y exi/$4 ,intellectual k1 on ! o!r h&1 :]e x relates to exi/5ce1 is fai? only1 a fai? :i* 9 ^! matt]s means tru/4 ,= ! =ces ( ,nature or ! gods1 if !y _h crude exi/5ce1 s t we might conceivably become :at !y are1 w\ld lose t causal & t religi\s function :i* are _! ess5ce respectively4 ,!y w\ld be m]ely collat]al exi/5ces1 load$ ) all sorts ( irrelevant prop]ties1 p>ts ( ! univ]sal flux1 memb]s ( a natural society2 & :ile z su* !y w\ld h _! relative importance1 !y w\ld be embrac$ 9 turn )9 an intelligible sy/em ( relations1 :ile _! rights & dignities w\ld ne$ to be det]m9$ by "s sup]v5+ ideal4 ,a nature exi/+ 9 act w\ld require metaphysics--! acc\nt ( a deep] nature--to express its relation to ! m9d t knew & judg$ x4 ,any actual god w\ld ne$ to possess a religion ( 8 own1 9 ord] to fix 8 ideal ( conduct & 8 rights 9 respect to 8 creatures or r1 z we %\ld !n be1 to 8 neighb\rs4 ,?is situation may h no t]rors = ! ?\ghtless2 b x evid5tly introduces some?+ deep] ?an ,nature & some?+ high] ?an ,god1 depriv+ ^! words ( ! be/ s5se 9 :i* a philosoph] might c>e to use !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! opposite outlook4 ,! div9e & ! mat]ial are contra/$ po9ts ( ref]5ce requir$ by ! actual4 ,reason1 work+ on ! imm$iate flux ( appe>ances1 rea*es ^! ideal realms &1 re/+ 9 !m1 p]=ce calls !m realities4 ,"o--! realm ( causes--supplies appe>ances ) a basis & calculable ord]2 ! o!r--! realm ( tru? & felicity--supplies !m ) a /&>d & ju/ification4 ,natural society may accord+ly be contra/$ ) ideal society1 n because ,nature is n1 logically speak+1 ideal too1 b because 9 natural society we ally ourselves consci\sly ) our orig9s & surr\nd+s1 9 ideal society ) our purposes4 ,!re is an imm5se diff]5ce 9 spirituality1 9 ideality ( ! moral sort1 betwe5 ga!r+ or conciliat+ =ces = action & fix+ ! ends :i* action %\ld pursue4 ,bo? fields are ideal 9 ! s5se t intellig5ce alone c\ld discov] or exploit !m2 yet to call nature ideal is und\bt$ly equivocal1 s9ce its ideal function is precisely to be ! sub/ance & cause ( ! giv5 flux1 a gr\nd-"w = exp]i5ce :i*1 :ile m]ely inf]r$ & pot5tial1 is none ! less me*anical & mat]ial4 ,! ideality ( nature is inde$ ( su* a sort z to be =feit$ if ! tru/y in/rum5t & true antec$5t ( human life 7 n f\nd !re4 ,we %\ld be frivol\s & incon/ant1 tak+ our philosophy = a game & n = me?od 9 liv+1 if hav+ set out to look = ! causes & practical ord] ( ?+s1 & hav+ f\nd !m1 we %\ld decl>e t !y 7 n really casual or effici5t1 on ! /range gr\nd t our discov]y ( !m _h be5 a feat ( intellig5ce & _h prov$ a priceless boon4 ,! absurdity c\ld n be great] if 9 moral sci5ce1 aft] ! goal ( all ef=t _h be5 det]m9$ & happ9ess def9$1 we decl>$ t ?is 0 n really ! good4 ,^? :o are %ock$ at ! ass]tion t ,god & ,nature are ideal1 & t _! contra/$ pr]ogatives dep5d on t fact1 may1 ( c\rse1 use ! same words 9 a diff]5t way1 mak+ !m synonym\s1 & may readily 8prove0 t ,god or ,nature exi/s mat]ially & has absolute be+4 ,we ne$ b agree to designate by ^? t]ms ! sum ( exi/5ces1 :atev] !y 7or x7 may be to _! own feel+4 ,!n ! ontological pro( ass]ts its rights unmi/akably4 ,sci5ce & religion1 h[ev]1 are sup]flu\s if :at we wi% to le>n is t !re is ,some?+1 & t ,all-!re-is mu/ assur$ly be ,all-!re-is4 ,ec/asies may d\btless ensue ^u consid]+ t ,be+ is & ,non-,be+ is n1 z !y are said to ensue ^u long en\gh consid]+ "o's navel2 b ! ,life ( ,reason is made ( m v>iegat$ /uff4 ,sci5ce1 :5 x is n dialectical1 describes an ideal ord] ( exi/5ces 9 space & "t1 su* t all incid5tal facts1 z !y come1 may fill x 9 & l5d x body4 ,religion1 :5 pure1 contemplates "s p]t95t ideal ( intellig5ce & goodness4 ,bo? religion & sci5ce live 9 imag9ative disc\rse1 "o be+ an aspiration & ! o!r a hypo!sis4 ,bo? introduce into ! m9d an ideal society4 ,! ,life ( ,reason is no fair reproduction ( ! univ]se1 b ! expression ( man alone4 ,a !ory ( nature is no?+ b a mass ( obs]vations1 made ) a hunt]'s & an arti/'s eye4 ,a mortal has no "t = sympa?y ) 8 victim or 8 model2 &1 beyond a c]ta9 range1 he has no capacity = su* sympa?y4 ,z 9 ord] to live he mu/ dev\r "o-half ! _w & disreg>d ! o!r1 s 9 ord] to ?9k & practically to "k he mu/ deal summ>ily & selfi%ly ) 8 mat]ials2 o!rwise 8 intellect w\ld melt aga9 into endless & irrevocable dreams4 ,! law ( gravity1 because x s notably unifies ! motions ( matt]1 is some?+ :i* ^! motions !mselves "k no?+ (2 x is a description ( !m 9 t]ms ( human disc\rse4 ,su* disc\rse c nev] assure u absolutely t ! motions x =eca/s w occur2 ! s5sible pro( mu/ ensue spontane\sly 9 its own good "t4 ,9 ! int]val our !ory rema9s pure presumption & hypo!sis4 ,reliable z x may be 9 t capacity1 x is no replica ( any?+ on its own level exi/+ beyond4 ,x creates1 l all intellig5ce1 a second>y & m]ely symbolic _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 translat+ exi/5ce into human t]ms !y give human nature its highe/ ex]cise4 ,:5 ?is div]sity betwe5 ! true/ !ory & ! simple/ fact1 betwe5 pot5tial g5]alities & actual p>ticul>s1 has be5 ?or\ghly appreciat$1 x becomes cle> t mu* ( :at is valu$ 9 sci5ce & religion is n lodg$ 9 ! miscellany und]ly+ ^! creations ( reason1 b is lodg$ r 9 ! rational activity itself1 & 9 ! intr9sic beauty ( all symbols br$ 9 a g5ial m9d4 ,( c\rse1 if ^! symbols _h no real po9ts ( ref]5ce1 if !y 7 symbols ( no?+1 !y c\ld h no great claim to consid]ation & no rational "*2 at mo/ !y w\ld be agreeable s5sations4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 at _! be/ good symbols = a diffus$ exp]i5ce hav+ a c]ta9 ord] & t5d5cy2 !y r5d] t reality ) a diff]5ce1 r$uc+ x to a =mula or a my?1 9 :i* its tortu\s l5g? & trivial detail c be survey$ to advantage )\t undue wa/e or fatigue4 ,symbols may ?us become eloqu5t1 vivid1 important1 be+ end[$ ) bo? poetic gr&eur & practical tru?4 ,! facts f :i* ?is tru? is borr[$1 if !y 7 rehe>s$ unimag9atively1 9 _! own flat inf9ity1 w\ld be f> f ar\s+ ! same emotions4 ,! human eye sees 9 p]spective2 its glory w\ld vani% 7 x r$uc$ to a crawl+1 explor+ ant5na4 ,n t x loves to falsify any?+4 ,t to ! worm ! l&scape might possess no light & %ade1 t ! m\nta9's atomic /ructure %\ld be unpicturable1 _c di/ress ! l&scape g>d5] nor ! poet2 :at conc]ns !m is ! effect su* ?+s may produce 9 ! human fancy1 s t ! s\l may live 9 a cong5ial _w4 ,naturali/ & prophet are l&scape pa9t]s on canvases ( _! own2 ea* is int]e/$ 9 8 own p]ception & p]spective1 :i*1 if he takes ! tr\ble to reflect1 ne$ n deceive him ab\t :at ! _w w\ld be if n =e%ort5$ 9 t p>ticul> mann]4 ,?is special int]pretation is nev]!less preci\s & %[s up ! _w 9 t light 9 :i* x int]e/s naturali/s or prophets to see x4 ,_! figm5ts make _! *os5 _w1 z ! pa9t]'s app]ceptions are ! brea? ( 8 no/rils4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce %\ld be ma!matical & religion an?ropomorphic4 ,:ile ! symbol's applicability is ess5tial to its wor?--s9ce o!rwise sci5ce w\ld be useless & religion demoralis+--its p[] & fasc9ation lie 9 its acquir+ a m & m pr(\nd aff9ity to ! human m9d1 s long z x c d s )\t surr5d]+ its relevance to practice4 ,?us natural sci5ce is at its be/ :5 x is mo/ ?or\ghly ma!matical1 s9ce :at c be express$ ma!matically c speak a human language4 ,9 su* sci5ce only ! ultimate mat]ial elem5ts rema9 surds2 all _! fur!r movem5t & complication c be repres5t$ 9 t k9d ( ?\ght :i* is mo/ intimately satisfactory & p]spicu\s4 ,& 9 l mann]1 religion is at its be/ :5 x is mo/ an?ropomorphic2 inde$1 ! two mo/ spiritual religions1 ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity1 h actually rais$ a man1 ov]fl[+ ) utt]ly human t5d]ness & pa?os1 to ! place usually occupi$ only by cosmic & ?und]+ deities4 ,! human he>t is lift$ above mis=tune & enc\rag$ to pursue unsw]v+ly its inmo/ ideal :5 no compromise is any long] attempt$ ) :at is n moral or human1 & ,prome!us is hone/ly proclaim$ to be holi] ?an ,zeus4 ,at t mom5t religion ceases to be sup]/iti\s & becomes a rational discipl9e1 an ef=t to p]fect ! _s r ?an to intimidate x4 ,sid5ote3 ,summ>y ( ?is book4 ,we h se5 t society has ?ree /ages--! natural1 ! free1 & ! ideal4 ,9 ! natural /age its function is to produce ! individual & equip him ) ! pr]equisites ( moral fre$om4 ,:5 ?is end is atta9$ society c rise to fri5d%ip1 to unanimity & dis9t]e/$ sympa?y1 :]e ! gr\nd ( association is "s ideal int]e/1 :ile ?is association con/itutes at ! same "t a p]sonal & emotional bond4 ,ideal society1 on ! contr>y1 transc5ds accid5tal conjunctions altoge!r4 ,"h ! ideal int]e/s !mselves take possession ( ! m9d2 its companions are ! symbols x bre$s & possesses = excell5ce1 beauty1 & tru?4 ,religion1 art1 & sci5ce are ! *ief sph]es 9 :i* ideal companion%ip is f\nd4 ,x rema9s = u to trav]se ^! prov9ces 9 turn & see to :at ext5t ! ,life ( ,reason may fl\ri% !re4 999999 ,end ( ,volume ,two 999999 ,,reason ,,9 ,,religion ,volume ,?ree ( 8,! ,life ( ,reason0 ,,george ,,santayana h g> noy enh]geia zh ,,cont5ts ,,reason ,,9 ,,religion ,,*apt] ,i ,,h[ ,,religion ,,may ,,be ,,an ,,embodim5t ,,( ,,reason ,religion is c]ta9ly significant1 b n lit]ally true4--,all religion is positive & p>ticul>4--,x aims at ! ,life ( ,reason1 b l>gely fails to atta9 x4--,its approa* imag9ative4--,:5 its poetic me?od is d5i$ its value is jeop>dis$4--,x prec$es sci5ce r ?an h9d]s x4--,x is m]ely symbolic & ?or\ghly human4 ,pages #c-ad ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,rational ,,elem5ts ,,9 ,,sup]/ition ,felt causes n necess>y causes4--,me*anism & dialectic ult]ior pr9ciples4--,e>ly selection ( categories4--,t5tative rational worlds4--,sup]/ition a rudim5t>y philosophy4--,a miracle1 ?\gh unexpect$1 m intelligible ?an a regul> process4--,sup]/itions come ( ha/e to und]/&4--,inatt5tion suff]s !m to spread4--,g5ius may use !m to convey an in>ticulate wisdom4 ,pages #ae-bg ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,magic1 ,,sacrifice1 ,,& ,,pray] ,fe> creat$ ! gods4--,ne$ also contribut$4--,! real evid5ces ( ,god's exi/5ce4--,practice prec$es !ory 9 religion4--,pa!tic1 t5tative nature ( religi\s practices4--,meanness & envy 9 ! gods1 sugge/+ sacrifice4--,rituali/ic arts4--,?ank-(f]+s4--,! sacrifice ( a contrite he>t4--,pray] is n utilit>ian 9 ess5ce4--,its suppos$ efficacy magical4--,!ological puzzles4--,a real efficacy w\ld be me*anical4--,true uses ( pray]4--,x cl>ifies ! ideal4--,x reconciles to ! inevitable4--,x fo/]s spiritual life by conceiv+ x 9 its p]fection4--,discipl9e & contemplation are _! own rew>d4 ,pages #bh-dh ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,my?ology ,/atus ( fable 9 ! m9d4--,x requires g5ius4--,x only half deceives4--,its int]pretative ess5ce4--,contra/ ) sci5ce4--,importance ( ! moral factor4--,its subm]g5ce4--,my? ju/ifies magic4--,my?s might be metaphysical4--,!y appe> ready made1 l p>ts ( ! social fabric4--,!y p]plex ! consci5ce4--,incipi5t my? 9 ! ,v$as4--,natural sugge/ions soon exhau/$4--,!y w be c>ri$ out 9 ab/ract fancy4--,!y may become moral ideals4--,! ,sun-god moralis$4--,! leav5 ( religion is moral idealism4 ,pages #di-fh ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,hebraic ,,tradition ,phases ( ,hebraism4--,israel's tribal mono!ism4--,problems involv$4--,! prophets put new w9e 9 old bottles4--,inspiration & au?ority4--,beg9n+s ( ! ,*ur*4--,bigotry turn$ into a pr9ciple4--,p5ance accept$4--,*ri/ianity comb9es optimism & asceticism4--,reason smo!r$ betwe5 ! two4--,religion made an in/itution4 ,pages #fi-hb ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,epic ,! ess5ce ( ! good n adv5titi\s b expressive4--,a univ]sal religion mu/ int]pret ! :ole _w4--,d\ble appeal ( ,*ri/ianity4--,hebrew metaphors become ,greek my?s4--,hebrew philosophy ( hi/ory id5tifi$ ) ,platonic cosmology4--,! result+ or?odox sy/em4--,! brief drama ( ?+s4--,my?ology is a language & mu/ be und]/ood to convey some?+ by symbols4 ,pages #hc-ih ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,pagan ,,cu/om ,,& ,,b>b>ian ,,g5ius ,,infus$ ,,into ,,*ri/ianity ,ne$ ( paganis+ ,*ri/ianity4--,ca?olic piety m human ?an ! liturgy4--,natural pieties4--,refuge tak5 9 ! sup]natural4--,! episodes ( life consecrat$ my/ically4--,paganism *a/5$1 ,hebraism lib]alis$4--,! sy/em po/-rational & f\nd$ on despair4--,ext]nal conv]sion ( ! b>b>ians4--,expression ( ! nor!rn g5ius )9 ,ca?olicism1--,int]nal discrepancies betwe5 ! two4--,tradition & in/9ct at odds 9 ,prote/antism4--,! ,prote/ant _s remote f t ( ! gospel4--,ob/acles to humanism4--,! ,re=mation & c\nt]-re=mation4--,prote/antism an expression ( "*4--,x has ! _s ( life & ( c\rage1 b ! voice ( inexp]i5ce4--,its emancipation f ,*ri/ianity4 ,pages #ii-abf ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,conflict ,,( ,,my?ology ,,) ,,moral ,,tru? ,my? %\ld dissolve ) ! advance ( sci5ce4--,b my? is confus$ ) ! moral values x expresses4--,neo-,platonic revision4--,x made my?ical entities ( ab/ractions4--,hypo/asis ru9s ideals4--,! ,/oic revision4--,! ideal surr5d]$ be=e ! physical4--,p>allel movem5ts 9 ,*ri/ianity4--,hebraism1 if philosophical1 mu/ be pan!i/ic4--,pan!ism1 ev5 :5 psy*ic1 ignores ideals4--,truly div9e action limit$ to :at makes = ! good4--,ne$ ( an oppos+ pr9ciple4--,! /&>d ( value is human4--,hope = happ9ess makes belief 9 ,god4 ,pages #abg-adg ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,compromise ,susp5se betwe5 hope & disillusion4--,sup]ficial solution4--,b f :at %all we be r$eem$8--,typical attitude ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4--,he a*ieves ,platonism4--,he id5tifies x ) ,*ri/ianity4--,god ! good4--,prim>y & second>y religion4--,ambigu\s efficacy ( ! good 9 ,plato4--,ambigu\s goodness ( ! creator 9 ,job4--,! ,mani*eans4--,all ?+s good by nature4--,! doctr9e ( creation dem&s t ( ! fall4--,orig9al s94--,=c$ ab&onm5t ( ! ideal4--,! problem among ! ,prote/ants4--,pan!ism accept$4--,pla9] scorn = ! ideal4--,! price ( my?ology is sup]/ition4 ,pages #adh-agg ,,*apt] ,x ,,piety ,! core ( religion n !oretical4--,loyalty to ! s\rces ( our be+4--,! pi\s neas4--,an ideal backgr\nd requir$4--,piety accepts natural conditions & pres5t tasks4--,! lead]%ip ( in/9ct is normal4--,embodim5t ess5tial to _s4--,piety to ! gods takes =m f curr5t ideals4--,! religion ( humanity4--,cosmic piety4 ,pages #agh-aib ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,spirituality ,,& ,,its ,,corruptions ,to be spiritual is to live 9 view ( ! ideal4--,spirituality natural4--,primitive consci\sness may be spiritual4--,_s cross$ by in/rum5talities4--,"o foe ( ! _s is worldl9ess4--,! case = & aga9/ pleasure4--,up%ot ( worldly wisdom4--,two suppos$ escapes f vanity3 fanaticism & my/icism4--,bo? are irrational4--,is !re a ?ird c\rse8--,yes1 = exp]i5ce has intr9sic1 inali5able values4--,= ^! ! religi\s imag9ation mu/ supply an ideal /&>d4 ,pages #aic-bac ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,*>ity ,possible tyranny ( reason4--,ev]y?+ has its rights4--,prim>y & second>y morality4--,un*>itable pagan ju/ice is n j4--,! doom ( anci5t republics4--,rational *>ity4--,its limits4--,its my?ical supports4--,!re is intellig5ce 9 *>ity4--,buddhi/ & ,*ri/ian =ms ( x4--,app>5t division ( ! spiritual & ! natural4 ,pages #bad-bbh ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,a ,,future ,,life ,! l5g? ( life a subject = natural sci5ce4--8,psy*ical0 ph5om5a4--,hyp]trophies ( s5se4--,^! possibilities affect physical exi/5ce only4--,moral gr\nds = ! doctr9e4--,! necess>y assumption ( a future4--,an assumption no evid5ce4--,a solipsi/ic argum5t4--,absolut5ess & immortality transf]r$ to ! gods4--,or to a div9e pr9ciple 9 all be+s4--,9 nei!r case is ! individual immortal4--,possible =ms ( survival4--,argum5ts f retribution & ne$ ( opportunity4--,ignoble temp] ( bo?4--,false optimi/ic po/ulate involv$4--,transition to ideality4 ,pages #bbi-bej ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,ideal ,,immortality ,olympian immortality ! fir/ ideal4--,its indirect atta9m5t by reproduction4--,moral acceptance ( ?is compromise4--,ev5 vic>i\s immortality intr9sically impossible4--,intellectual victory ov] *ange4--,! glory ( x4--,reason makes man's div9ity & 8 immortality4--,x is ! locus ( all tru?s4--,epicurean immortality1 ?r\gh ! tru? ( exi/5ce4--,logical immortality1 ?r\gh objects ( ?\ght4--,e?ical immortality1 ?r\gh types ( excell5ce4 ,pages #bea-bgc ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,conclusion ,! failure ( magic & ( my?ology4--,_! imag9ative value4--,piety & spirituality ju/ifi$4--,my/icism a primordial /ate ( feel+4--,x may recur at any /age ( culture4--,=m gives sub/ance its life & value4 ,pages #bgd-bgi ,,reason ,,9 ,,religion ,,*apt] ,i ,,h[ ,,religion ,,may ,,be ,,an ,,embodim5t ,,( ,,reason ,sid5ote3 ,religion c]ta9ly significant4 ,exp]i5ce has repeat$ly confirm$ t well-kn[n maxim ( ,bacon's1 t 8a little philosophy incl9e? man's m9d to a!ism1 b dep? 9 philosophy br+e? m5's m9ds ab\t to religion40 ,9 e age ! mo/ compreh5sive ?9k]s h f\nd 9 ! religion ( _! "t & c\ntry some?+ !y c\ld accept1 int]pret+ & illu/rat+ t religion s z to give x dep? & univ]sal application4 ,ev5 ! h]etics & a!i/s1 if !y h _h pr(undity1 turn out aft] a :ile to be =]unn]s ( "s new or?odoxy4 ,:at !y rebel aga9/ is a religion ali5 to _! nature2 !y are a!i/s only by accid5t1 & relatively to a conv5tion :i* inw>dly (f5ds !m1 b !y ye>n mightily 9 _! own s\ls aft] ! religi\s acceptance ( a _w int]pret$ 9 _! own fa%ion4 ,s x appe>s 9 ! end t _! a!ism & l\d prote/ation 7 9 fact ! ha/i] "p ( _! ?\ght1 s9ce :at embold5$ !m to d5y ! poor _w's fai? 0 t !y 7 too impati5t to und]/& x4 ,inde$1 ! enlight5m5t common to "y wits & worm-eat5 old satiri/s1 :o plume !mselves on detect+ ! sci5tific ineptitude ( religion--some?+ :i* ! bl9de/ half see--is n ne>ly enlight5$ en\gh3 x po9ts to notori\s facts incompatible ) religi\s t5ets lit]ally tak51 b x leaves unexplor$ ! habits ( ?\ght f :i* ^? t5ets sprang1 _! orig9al mean+1 & _! true function4 ,su* /udies w\ld br+ ! sceptic face to face ) ! my/]y & pa?os ( mortal exi/5ce4 ,!y w\ld make him und]/& :y religion is s pr(\ndly mov+ & 9 a s5se s pr(\ndly j4 ,!re mu/ ne$s be some?+ humane & necess>y 9 an influ5ce t has become ! mo/ g5]al sanction ( virtue1 ! *ief occasion =2 art & philosophy1 & ! s\rce1 p]haps1 ( ! be/ human happ9ess4 ,if no?+1 z ,hook] said1 is 8s malap]t z a spl5etic religion10 a s\r irreligion is almo/ z p]v]se4 ,sid5ote3 ,b n lit]ally true4 ,at ! same "t1 :5 ,bacon p5n$ ! sage epigram we h quot$ he =got to add t ! ,god to :om dep? 9 philosophy br+s back m5's m9ds is f> f be+ ! same f :om a little philosophy e/ranges !m4 ,x w\ld be pitiful inde$ if mature reflection br$ no bett] conceptions ?an ^? :i* h drift$ d[n ! muddy /ream ( "t1 :]e tradition & passion h jumbl$ ev]y?+ toge!r4 ,traditional conceptions1 :5 !y are felicit\s1 may be adopt$ by ! poet1 b !y mu/ be purifi$ by ! morali/ & dis9tegrat$ by ! philosoph]4 ,ea* religion1 s de> to ^? ^: life x sanctifies1 & fulfill+ s necess>y a function 9 ! society t has adopt$ x1 necess>ily contradicts e o!r religion1 & probably contradicts itself4 ,:at religion a man %all h is a hi/orical accid5t1 q z mu* z :at language he %all speak4 ,9 ! r>e circum/ances :]e a *oice is possible1 he may1 ) "s difficulty1 make an ex*ange2 b ev5 !n he is only adopt+ a new conv5tion :i* may be m agreeable to 8 p]sonal temp] b :i* is ess5tially z arbitr>y z ! old4 ,sid5ote3 ,all religion is positive & p>ticul>4 ,! attempt to speak )\t speak+ any p>ticul> language is n m hopeless ?an ! attempt to h a religion t %all be no religion 9 p>ticul>4 ,a c\ri]'s or a dragoman's spee* may inde$ be (t5 unusual & drawn f disp>ate s\rces1 n )\t "s mixture ( p]sonal orig9ality2 b t private j>gon w h a mean+ only because ( its analogy to "o or m conv5tional languages & its obvi\s d]ivation f !m4 ,s travell]s f "o religion to ano!r1 p :o h lo/ _! spiritual nationality1 may (t5 reta9 a neutral & confus$ residuum ( belief1 :i* !y may egregi\sly reg>d z ! ess5ce ( all religion1 s little may !y rememb] ! graci\sness & naturalness ( t ance/ral acc5t :i* a p]fect religion %\ld h4 ,yet a mom5t's prob+ ( ! conceptions surviv+ 9 su* m9ds w %[ !m to be no?+ b ve/iges ( old beliefs1 creases :i* ?\ght1 ev5 if empti$ ( all dogmatic t5ets1 has n be5 able to smoo? away at its fir/ unfold+4 ,lat] g5]ations1 if !y h any religion at all1 w be f\nd ei!r to rev]t to anci5t au?ority1 or to atta* !mselves spontane\sly to some?+ :olly novel & imm5sely positive1 to "s fai? promulgat$ by a fre% g5ius & passionately embrac$ by a conv]t$ p4 ,?us e liv+ & heal?y religion has a m>k$ idiosyncrasy4 ,its p[] consi/s 9 its special & surpris+ message & 9 ! bias :i* t revelation gives to life4 ,! vi/as x op5s & ! my/]ies prop\nds are ano!r _w to live 92 & ano!r _w to live 9--:e!r we expect ev] to pass :olly into x or no--is :at we mean by hav+ a religion4 ,sid5ote3 ,x aims at ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,:at relation1 !n1 does ?is great bus9ess ( ! s\l1 :i* we call religion1 be> to ! ,life ( ,reason8 ,t ! relation betwe5 ! two is close seems cle> f sev]al circum/ances4 ,! ,life ( ,reason is ! seat ( all ultimate values4 ,n[ ! hi/ory ( mank9d w %[ u t :5ev] spirits at once l(ty & int5se h seem$ to atta9 ! highe/ joys1 !y h envisag$ & atta9$ !m 9 religion4 ,religion w\ld !re=e seem to be a vehicle or a factor 9 rational life1 s9ce ! ends ( rational life are atta9$ by x4 ,moreov]1 ! ,life ( ,reason is an ideal to :i* ev]y?+ 9 ! _w %\ld be subord9at$2 x e/abli%es l9es ( moral cleavage ev]y:]e & makes "r et]nally diff]5t f wrong4 ,religion does ! same ?+4 ,x makes absolute moral decisions4 ,x sanctions1 unifies1 & trans=ms e?ics4 ,religion ?us ex]cises a function ( ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,& a fur!r function :i* is common to bo? is t ( emancipat+ man f 8 p]sonal limitations4 ,9 diff]5t ways religions promise to transf] ! s\l to bett] conditions4 ,a sup]naturally fav\r$ k+dom is to be e/abli%$ = po/]ity ^u e>?1 or = all ! fai?ful 9 heav51 or ! s\l is to be fre$ by repeat$ purgations f all ta9t & sorr[1 or x is to be lo/ 9 ! absolute1 or x is to become an influ5ce & an object ( adoration 9 ! places x once haunt$ or :]ev] ! activities x once lov$ may be c>ri$ on by future g5]ations ( its k9dr$4 ,n[ reason 9 its way lays be=e u all ^! possibilities3 x po9ts to common objects1 political & intellectual1 9 :i* an individual may lose :at is mortal & accid5tal 9 himself & immortalise :at is rational & human2 x tea*es u h[ sweet & =tunate dea? may be to ^? ^: _s c /ill live 9 _! c\ntry & 9 _! ideas2 x reveals ! radiat+ effects ( action & ! et]nal objects ( ?\ght4 ,yet ! diff]5ce 9 tone & language mu/ /rike u1 s soon z x is philosophy t speaks4 ,t *ange %\ld rem9d u t ev5 if ! function ( religion & t ( reason co9cide1 ?is function is p]=m$ 9 ! two cases by v diff]5t organs4 ,religions are _m1 reason "o4 ,religion consi/s ( consci\s ideas1 hopes1 en?usiasms1 & objects ( wor%ip2 x op]ates by grace & fl\ri%$ by pray]4 ,reason1 on ! o!r h&1 is a m]e pr9ciple or pot5tial ord]1 on :i*1 inde$1 we may come to reflect1 b :i* exi/s 9 u ideally only1 )\t v>iation or /ress ( any k9d4 ,we con=m or d n con=m to x2 x does n urge or *ide u1 nor call = any emotions on our "p o!r ?an ^? naturally ar\s$ by ! v>i\s objects :i* x unfolds 9 _! true nature & proportion4 ,religion br+s "s ord] into life by weight+ x ) new mat]ials4 ,reason adds to ! natural mat]ials only ! p]fect ord] :i* x introduces into !m4 ,rationality is no?+ b a =m1 an ideal con/itution :i* exp]i5ce may m or less embody4 ,religion is a "p ( exp]i5ce itself1 a mass ( s5tim5ts & ideas4 ,! "o is an inviolate pr9ciple1 ! o!r a *ang+ & /ruggl+ =ce4 ,& yet ?is /ruggl+ & *ang+ =ce ( religion1 seems to direct man t[>d some?+ et]nal4 ,x seems to make = an ultimate h>mony )9 ! s\l & = an ultimate h>mony betwe5 ! s\l & all ! s\l dep5ds ^u4 ,s t religion1 9 its int5t1 is a m consci\s & direct pursuit ( ! ,life ( ,reason ?an is society1 sci5ce1 or art4 ,= ^! approa* & fill out ! ideal life t5tatively & piecemeal1 h>dly reg>d+ ! goal or c>+ = ! ultimate ju/ification ( _! in/9ctive aims4 ,religion also has an in/9ctive & bl9d side1 & bubbles up 9 all mann] ( *ance practices & intuitions2 soon1 h[ev]1 x feels its way t[>d ! he>t ( ?+s1 &1 f :atev] qu>t] x may come1 ve]s 9 ! direction ( ! ultimate4 ,sid5ote3 ,b l>gely fails to atta9 x4 ,nev]!less1 we mu/ confess t ?is religi\s pursuit ( ! ,life ( ,reason has be5 s+ul>ly abortive4 ,^? )9 ! pale ( ea* religion may prevail ^u !mselves to express satisfaction ) its results1 ?anks to a fond p>tiality 9 read+ ! pa/ & g5]\s draughts ( hope = ! future2 b any "o reg>d+ ! v>i\s religions at once & comp>+ _! a*ievem5ts ) :at reason requires1 mu/ feel h[ t]rible is ! disappo9tm5t :i* !y h "o & all prep>$ = mank9d4 ,_! *ief anxiety has be5 to (f] imag9>y rem$ies = mortal ills1 "s ( :i* are incurable ess5tially1 :ile o!rs might h be5 really cur$ by well-direct$ ef=t4 ,! ,greek oracles1 = in/ance1 pret5d$ to heal our natural ignorance1 :i* has its appropriate ?\gh difficult cure1 :ile ! ,*ri/ian vision ( heav5 pret5d$ to be an antidote to our natural dea?1 ! inevitable correlate ( bir? & ( a *ang+ & condition$ exi/5ce4 ,by me?ods ( ?is sort little c be done = ! real bett]m5t ( life4 ,to confuse intellig5ce & dislocate s5tim5t by gratuit\s fictions is a %ort-sight$ way ( pursu+ happ9ess4 ,nature is soon av5g$4 ,an unheal?y exaltation & a "o-sid$ morality h to be foll[$ by regrettable reactions4 ,:5 ^! come1 ! real rew>ds ( life may seem va9 to a relax$ vitality1 & ! v "n ( virtue may irritate "y spirits untra9$ 9 any natural excell5ce4 ,?us religion too (t5 debau*es ! morality x comes to sanction1 & imp$es ! sci5ce x ought to fulfil4 ,sid5ote3 ,its approa* imag9ative4 ,:at is ! secret ( ?is ineptitude8 ,:y does religion1 s ne> to rationality 9 its purpose1 fall s f> %ort ( x 9 its texture & 9 its results8 ,! answ] is easy3 ,religion pursues1 rationality ?r\gh ! imag9ation4 ,:5 x expla9s ev5ts or assigns causes1 x gives imag9ative sub/itute = sci5ce4 ,:5 x gives2 precepts1 ins9uates ideals1 or rem\lds aspiration1 x is an imag9ative sub/itute = wisdom--,i mean = ! delib]ate & imp>tial pursuit ( all good4 ,! conditions & ! aims ( life are bo? repres5t$ 9 religion poetically1 b ?is poetry t5ds to arrogate to itself lit]al tru? & moral au?ority1 nei!r ( :i* x possesses4 ,h5ce ! dep? & importance ( religion become intelligible no less ?an its contradictions & practical disa/]s4 ,its object is ! same z t ( reason1 b its me?od is to proce$ by intuition & by un*eck$ poetical conceits4 ,^! are repeat$ & vulg>is$ 9 proportion to _! orig9al f95ess & significance1 till !y pass = reports ( objective tru? & come to con/itute a _w ( fai?1 sup]pos$ ^u ! _w ( exp]i5ce & reg>d$ z mat]ially envelop+ x1 if n 9 space at lea/ 9 "t & 9 exi/5ce4 ,! only tru? ( religion comes f its int]pretation ( life1 f its symbolic r5d]+ ( t moral1 exp]i5ce :i* x spr+s out ( & :i* x seeks to elucidate4 ,its falsehood comes f ! insidi\s misund]/&+ :i* cl+s to x1 to ! effect t ^! poetic conceptions are n m]ely repres5tations ( exp]i5ce z x is or %\ld be1 b are r in=mation ab\t exp]i5ce or reality else:]e--an exp]i5ce & reality :i*1 /rangely en\gh1 supply j ! defects betray$ by reality & exp]i5ce "h4 ,sid5ote3 ,:5 its poetic me?od is d5i$ its value is jeop>dis$4 ,?us religion has ! same orig9al relation to life t poetry has2 only poetry1 :i* nev] pret5ds to lit]al validity1 adds a pure value to exi/5ce1 ! value ( a lib]al imag9ative ex]cise4 ,! poetic value ( religion w\ld initially be great] ?an t ( poetry itself1 because religion deals ) high] & m practical !mes1 ) sides ( life :i* are 9 great] ne$ ( "s imag9ative t\* & ideal int]pretation ?an are ^? pleasant or pomp\s ?+s :i* ord9>y poetry dwells ^u4 ,b ?is initial advantage is neutralis$ 9 "p by ! abuse to :i* religion is subject1 :5ev] its symbolic rightness is tak5 = sci5tific tru?4 ,l poetry1 x improves ! _w only by imag9+ x improv$1 b n cont5t ) mak+ ?is addition to ! m9d's furniture--an addition :i* might be useful & ennobl+--x ?9ks to conf] a m radical b5efit by p]suad+ mank9d t1 9 spite ( appe>ances1 ! _w is really su* z t r arbitr>y idealisation has pa9t$ x4 ,?is spuri\s satisfaction is naturally ! prelude to _m a disappo9tm5t1 & ! s\l has inf9ite tr\ble to em]ge aga9 f ! artificial problems & s5tim5ts into :i* x is ?us plung$4 ,! value ( religion becomes equivocal4 ,religion rema9s an imag9ative a*ievem5t1 a symbolic repres5tation ( moral reality :i* may h a mo/ important function 9 vitalis+ ! m9d & 9 transmitt+1 by way ( p>ables1 ! lessons ( exp]i5ce4 ,b x becomes at ! same "t a cont9u\s incid5tal deception2 & ?is deception1 9 proportion z x is /r5u\sly d5i$ to be su*1 c "w indef9ite h>m 9 ! _w & 9 ! consci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,x prec$es sci5ce r ?an h9d]s x4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 religion %\ld n be conceiv$ z hav+ tak5 ! place ( any?+ bett]1 b r z hav+ come to relieve situations :i*1 b = its pres5ce1 w\ld h be5 inf9itely worse4 ,9 ! ?ick ( active life1 or 9 ! monotony ( practical slav]y1 !re is m ne$ to /imulate fancy ?an to control x4 ,natural in/9ct is n mu* di/urb$ 9 ! human bra9 by :at may happ5 9 t ?9 sup]/ratum ( ideas :i* commonly ov]lays x4 ,we mu/ n blame religion = prev5t+ ! developm5t ( a moral & natural sci5ce :i* at any rate w\ld seldom h appe>$2 we mu/ r ?ank x = ! s5sibility1 ! rev]5ce1 ! speculative insight :i* x has introduc$ into ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is m]ely symbolic & ?or\ghly human4 ,we may !re=e proce$ to analyse ! significance & ! function :i* religion has _h at its diff]5t /ages1 &1 )\t disguis+ or 9 ! lea/ condon+ its confusion ) lit]al tru?1 we may all[ ourselves to ent] z sympa!tically z possible into its v>i\s conceptions & emotions4 ,!y h made up ! inn] life ( _m sages1 & ( all ^? :o )\t great g5ius or le>n+ h liv$ /eadfa/ly 9 ! _s4 ,! feel+ ( rev]5ce %\ld itself be treat$ ) rev]5ce1 al?\gh n at a sacrifice ( tru?1 ) :i* alone1 9 ! end1 rev]5ce is compatible4 ,nor h we any reason to be intol]ant ( ! p>tialities & contradictions :i* religions display4 ,7 we deal+ ) a sci5ce1 su* contradictions w\ld h to be in/antly solv$ & remov$2 b :5 we are conc]n$ ) ! poetic int]pretation ( exp]i5ce1 contradiction means only v>iety1 & v>iety means spontaneity1 weal? ( res\rce1 & a ne>] approa* to total adequacy4 ,if we hope to ga9 any und]/&+ ( ^! matt]s we mu/ beg9 by tak+ !m out ( t heat$ & fanatical atmosph]e 9 :i* ! ,hebrew tradition has envelop$ !m4 ,! ,jews _h no philosophy1 & :5 _! national traditions came to be !oretically explicat$ & ju/ifi$1 !y 7 made to issue 9 a pu]ile s*ola/icism & a rabid intol]ance4 ,! "q ( mono!ism1 = in/ance1 0 a t]rible "q to ! ,jews4 ,idolatry did n consi/ 9 wor%ipp+ a god :o1 n be+ ideal1 might be unwor?y ( wor%ip1 b r 9 recognis+ o!r gods ?an ! "o wor%ipp$ 9 ,j]usalem4 ,to ! ,greeks1 on ! contr>y1 ^: philosophy 0 enlight5$ & +5u\s1 mono!ism & poly!ism seem$ p]fectly innoc5t & compatible4 ,to say ,god or ! gods 0 only to use diff]5t expressions = ! same influ5ce1 n[ view$ 9 its ab/ract unity & correlation ) all exi/5ce1 n[ view$ 9 its v>i\s manife/ations 9 moral life1 9 nature1 or 9 hi/ory4 ,s t :at 9 ,plato1 ,ari/otle1 & ! ,/oics meets u at e /ep--! comb9ation ( mono!ism ) poly!ism--is no contradiction1 b m]ely an intellig5t v>iation ( phrase to indicate v>i\s aspects or functions 9 physical & moral ?+s4 ,:5 religion appe>s to u 9 ?is light its contradictions & controv]sies lose all _! bitt]ness4 ,ea* doctr9e w simply repres5t ! moral plane on :i* !y live :o h devis$ or adopt$ x4 ,religions w ?us be bett] or worse1 nev] true or false4 ,we %all be able to l5d ourselves to ea* 9 turn1 & seek to draw f x ! secret ( its inspiration4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,rational ,,elem5ts ,,9 ,,sup]/ition ,we ne$ n impose ^u ourselves ! endless & repulsive task ( describ+ all ! sup]/itions t h exi/$ 9 ! _w4 ,9 8 impot5ce & laz9ess ! natural man unites any notion ) any o!r 9 a loose causal relation4 ,a s+le in/ance ( juxtaposition1 nay1 ! m]e notion & dream ( su* a comb9ation1 w suffice to ar\se fe> or to prompt exp]im5tal action4 ,sid5ote3 ,felt causes n necess>y causes4 ,:5 philosoph]s h object$ to ,hume's acc\nt ( causation t he gave no suffici5t basis = ! necess>y influ5ce ( cause on effect1 !y h indulg$ 9 a highly artificial supposition4 ,!y h assum$ t p actually reg>d causes z necess>y4 ,!y suppose t be=e we c feel ! int]dep5d5ce ( two ?+s 9 exp]i5ce we mu/ h an un%akable conviction t _! connection is necess>y & univ]sal4 ,b causation 9 su* an absolute s5se is no category ( practical ?9k+4 ,x appe>s1 if at all1 only 9 dialectic1 9 ideal applications ( giv5 laws to cases artificially simplifi$1 :]e ! t]ms are s def9$ t _! op]ation ^u "o ano!r is involv$ 9 ! notion ( !m4 ,s if we say t an unsupport$ weight mu/ fall to ! gr\nd1 we h includ$ 9 ! ^w 8weight0 ! notion ( a d[nw>d /ra94 ,! proposition is really trifl+ & id5tical4 ,x m]ely ann\nces t ?+s :i* t5d to fall to ! gr\nd t5d to fall to ! gr\nd1 & t heavy ?+s are heavy4 ,s1 :5 we h call$ a ?+ a cause1 we h def9$ x z t :i* involves an effect1 & if ! effect did n foll[1 ! title ( cause w\ld no long] belong to ! antec$5t4 ,b ! necessity ( ?is sequ5ce is m]ely v]bal4 ,we h nev]1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! antec$5t1 ! assurance t ! title ( cause w accrue to x4 ,our expectation is empirical1 & we feel & ass]t no?+ 9 respect to ! necessity ( ! expect$ sequ5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,me*anism & dialectic ult]ior pr9ciples4 ,a cause1 9 real life1 means a ju/ify+ circum/ance4 ,we are absolutely )\t insight into ! ma*9]y ( causation1 notably 9 ! commone/ cases1 l t ( g5]ation1 nutrition1 or ! op]ation ( m9d on matt]4 ,b we are famili> ) ! m notable sup]ficial conditions 9 ea* case1 & ! appe>ance 9 "p ( any usual ph5om5on makes u look = ! re/ ( x4 ,we d n ord9>ily expect virg9s to be> *ildr5 nor prophets to be f$ by rav5s nor pray]s to remove m\nta9s2 b we may believe any ( ^! ?+s at ! m]e/ sugge/ion ( fancy or report1 )\t any w>rant f exp]i5ce1 s loose is ! bond & s ext]nal ! relation betwe5 ! t]ms mo/ con/antly associat$4 ,a q unprec$5t$ occurr5ce w seem natural & intelligible en\gh if x falls 9 happily ) ! curr5t ( our ?\ghts4 ,int]e/+ & significant ev5ts1 h[ev]1 are s r>e & s dep5d5t on me*anical conditions irrelevant to _! value1 t we come at la/ to wond] at _! self-ju/ifi$ appe>ance ap>t f t cumbr\s natural ma*9]y1 & to call !m m>vels1 miracles1 & ?+s to gape at4 ,we come to adopt sci5tific hypo!ses1 at lea/ 9 c]ta9 prov9ces ( our ?\ght1 & we lose our primitive op5ness & simplicity ( m9d4 ,!n1 ) an unju/ifi$ ha/e1 we ass]t t miracles are impossible1 i4e41 t no?+ int]e/+ & fundam5tally natural c happ5 unless all ! usual1 ?\gh adv5titi\s1 mise-en-scne has be5 prep>$ beh9d ! curta94 ,! philosoph] may ev5tually discov] t su* ma*9]y is really ne$$ & t ev5 ! actors !mselves h a me*anism )9 !m1 s t n only _! smiles & magnific5t ge/ures1 b _! heat$ fancy itself & _! conception ( _! rles are b out] effects & dramatic illusions produc$ by ! natural /age-c>p5try 9 _! bra9s4 ,yet su* ev5tual sci5tific conclusions h no?+ to d ) ! t5tative fir/ notions ( m5 :5 !y beg9 to exp]im5t 9 ! art ( liv+4 ,z ! se$s ( l[] animals h to be innum]able1 s t 9 a *ance environm5t a few may gr[ to maturity1 s ! se$s ( rational ?9k+1 ! fir/ categories ( reflection1 h to be multitud9\s1 9 ord] t "s lucky pr9ciple ( syn!sis may some:]e come to light & f9d successful application4 ,sci5ce1 :i* ?9ks to make belief 9 miracles impossible1 is itself belief 9 miracles--9 ! miracles be/ au!nticat$ by hi/ory & by daily life4 ,sid5ote3 ,e>ly selection ( categories4 ,:5 m5 beg9 to und]/& ?+s1 :5 !y beg9 to reflect & to plan1 !y divide ! _w into ! hateful & ! delightful1 ! avoidable & ! atta9able4 ,& 9 feel+ _! way t[>d :at attracts !m1 or 9 escap+ :at !y fe>1 !y at fir/ foll[ passively ! lead ( in/9ct3 !y wat* !mselves live1 or r s9k )\t res]ve into _! liv+2 _! reactions are z little =ese5 & z naturally accept$ z _! surr\nd+s4 ,_! ideas are incid5ts 9 _! p]petual oscillation betwe5 apa?y & passion4 ,! /ream ( animal life leaves beh9d a little s$im5t ( k1 ! s& ( t aurif]\s riv]2 a few gra9s ( exp]i5ce rema9 to m>k ! pa? trav]s$ by ! flood4 ,^! residual ideas & premonitions1 ^! fir/ categories ( ?\ght1 are ( any & e sort4 ,all ! cont5ts ( ! m9d & all ! ?reads ( relation t weave its elem5ts toge!r are alike fitt$1 = all we c !n see1 to give ! clue to ! labyr9? 9 :i* we f9d ourselves w&]+4 ,!re is prima facie no gr\nd = n try+ to apply to exp]i5ce su* categories1 = in/ance1 z t ( p]sonal omnipot5ce1 z if ev]y?+ 7 necess>ily arrang$ z we may comm& or require4 ,on ?is pr9ciple *ildr5 (t5 seem to conceive a _w 9 :i* !y are a/oni%$ n to f9d !mselves liv+4 ,or we may try ae/hetic categories & all[ our reproductive imag9ation--by :i* memory is f$--to br+ "u ! unity ( app]ception only :at c fall )9 x h>moni\sly1 completely1 & delightfully4 ,su* an und]/&+1 imp]vi\s to any?+ b ! beautiful1 might be a f9e ?+ 9 itself1 b w\ld n *ronicle ! =tunes ( t organism to :i* x 0 atta*$4 ,x w\ld yield an exp]i5ce--d\btless a highly int]e/+ & elaborate exp]i5ce--b "o :i* c\ld nev] s]ve z an index to successful action4 ,x w\ld totally fail to repres5t its conditions1 & consequ5tly w\ld imply no?+ ab\t its cont9u$ exi/5ce4 ,x w\ld be an exp]i5ce irrelevant to conduct1 no "p1 !re=e1 ( a ,life ( ,reason1 b a k9d ( lovely vapid music or p>asitic dream4 ,n[ su* dreams are 9 fact among ! fir/ & mo/ absorb+ =mations 9 ! human m9d4 ,if we c\ld p5etrate into animal consci\sness we %\ld n improbably f9d t :at !re accompanies in/9ctive motions is a :olly irrelevant fancy1 ^: fl>+ up & subsid5ce no d\bt co9cide ) ! pres5ce ( objects int]e/+ to ! organism & caus+ m>k$ reactions )9 x2 yet ?is fancy may 9 no way repres5t ! nature ( surr\nd+ objects nor ! ev5tual results1 = ! animal's consci\sness1 ( its own pres5t exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,t5tative rational worlds4 ,! unlimit$ numb] ( possible categories1 _! arbitr>9ess & spontaneity1 may1 h[ev]1 h ?is inconv5i5ce1 t ! categories may be irrelevant to "o ano!r no less ?an to ! natural life !y ought to express4 ,! exp]i5ce !y respectively syn!sise may !re=e be no s+le exp]i5ce4 ,"o pictur$ _w may succe$ ano!r 9 ! sph]e ( s5sibility1 :ile ! body ^: s5sibility !y compose moves 9 a s+le & con/ant physical cosmos4 ,ea* little m5tal univ]se may be int]mitt5t1 or1 if any "p ( x endures :ile a new gr\p ( ideas comes ^u ! /age1 !re may arise contradictions1 discords1 & a s5se ( lurk+ absurdity :i* w t5d to disrupt ?\ght logically at ! same "t t ! processes ( nutrition & ! oncom+ ( new dreams t5d to supplant x me*anically4 ,su* drift+ categories h no mutual au?ority4 ,!y replace b d n dom9ate "o ano!r1 & ! g5]al conditions ( life--by conceiv+ :i* life itself might be survey$--rema9 entirely unrepres5t$4 ,:at we mean1 inde$1 by ! natural _w 9 :i* ! conditions ( consci\sness are f\nd & 9 ref]5ce to :i* m9d & its purposes c atta9 practical efficacy1 is simply ! _w con/ruct$ by categories f\nd to yield a con/ant1 suffici5t1 & consi/5t object4 ,hav+ atta9$ ?is conception1 we ju/ly call x ! tru? & measure ! intellectual value ( all o!r con/ructions by _! aff9ity to t rational vision4 ,su* a rational vision has n yet be5 atta9$ by mank9d1 b x w\ld be absurd to say t because we h n fully nor ev5 proximately atta9$ x1 we h n ga9$ any conception :atev] ( a reliable & intelligible _w4 ,! modicum ( rationality a*iev$ 9 ! sci5ces gives u a h9t ( a p]fect rationality :i*1 if unatta9able 9 practice1 is n inconceivable 9 idea4 ,s1 9 /ill m in*oate mom5ts ( reflection1 our ance/ors nurs$ ev5 m isolat$1 less compatible1 less adequate conceptions ?an ^? :i* leave our philosoph]s /ill unsatisfi$4 ,! categories !y employ$ dom9at$ small] regions ( exp]i5ce ?an d ! categories ( hi/ory & natural sci5ce2 !y _h f> less applicability to ! conduct ( affairs & to ! happy direction ( life z a :ole4 ,yet !y did yield vision & fla%es ( insight4 ,!y light$ m5 a /ep ahead 9 ! d>k places ( _! c>e]s1 & gave !m at c]ta9 junctures a s5se ( creative p[] & moral fre$om4 ,s t ! necessity ( ab&on+ "o category 9 ord] to use a bett] ne$ n induce u to d5y t ! worse category c\ld draw ! outl9es ( a sort ( _w & furni% m5 ) an approa* to wisdom4 ,if our ance/ors1 by su* means1 c\ld n dom9ate life z a :ole1 nei!r c we1 9 spite ( all progress4 ,if lit]al tru? or f9al applicability _c be claim$ = _! ?\ght1 :o kn[s h[ _m & h[ pr(\nd ! revolutions might be :i* our own ?\ght w\ld h to suff] if new fields ( p]ception or new p[]s ( syn!sis 7 add$ to our end[m5t8 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/ition a rudim5t>y philosophy4 ,sid5ote3 ,a miracle1 ?\gh unexpect$1 m intelligible ?an a regul> process4 ,we sometimes speak z if sup]/ition or belief 9 ! miracul\s 0 disbelief 9 law & 0 inspir$ by a desire to disorganise exp]i5ce & defeat intellig5ce4 ,no supposition c\ld be m errone\s4 ,e sup]/ition is a little sci5ce1 inspir$ by ! desire to und]/&1 to =esee1 or to control ! real _w4 ,no d\bt its hypo!sis is *im]ical1 arbitr>y1 & f\nd$ on a confusion ( effici5t causes ) ideal results4 ,b ! same is true ( _m a r5[n$ philosophy4 ,to appeal to :at we call ! sup]natural is really to re/ 9 ! imag9atively obvi\s1 9 :at we ought to call ! natural1 if natural meant easy to conceive & orig9ally plausible4 ,moral & individual =ces are m easily intelligible ?an me*anical univ]sal laws4 ,! =m] dome/icate ev5ts 9 ! m9d m readily & m completely ?an ! latt]4 ,a miracle is s f> f be+ a contradiction to ! causal pr9ciple :i* ! m9d actually applies 9 its spontane\s obs]vations t x is prim>ily a bett] illu/ration ( t pr9ciple ?an an ev5t happ5+ 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature4 ,= ! gr\nd ( ! miracle is imm$iately intelligible2 we see ! m]cy or ! desire to v9dicate au?ority1 or ! int5tion ( "s o!r sort t inspir$ x4 ,a me*anical law1 on ! contr>y1 is only a record ( ! cu/om>y b reasonless ord] ( ?+s4 ,a m]ely inexplicable ev5t1 manife/+ no significant purpose1 w\ld be no miracle4 ,:at surprises u 9 ! miracle is t1 contr>y to :at is usually ! case1 we c see a real & j gr\nd = x4 ,?us1 if ! wat] ( ,l\rdes1 bottl$ & sold by *emi/s1 cur$ all diseases1 !re w\ld be no miracle1 b only a new sci5tific discov]y4 ,9 su* a case1 we %\ld no m "k :y we 7 cur$ ?an we n[ "k :y we 7 creat$4 ,b if ea* believ] 9 tak+ ! wat] ?9ks ! effect morally condition$1 if he int]prets ! result1 %\ld x be fav\rable1 z an answ] to 8 fai? & pray]s1 !n ! cure becomes miracul\s because x becomes intelligible & manife/s ! ob$i5ce ( nature to ! exig5cies ( _s4 ,7 !re no kn[n gr\nd = su* a sci5tific anomaly1 7 x a mean+less irregul>ity 9 ev5ts1 we %\ld n call x a miracle1 b an accid5t1 & x w\ld h no relation to religion4 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]/itions come ( ha/e to und]/&4 ,:at e/abli%es sup]/itions is ha/e to und]/&1 ra% confid5ce 9 ! moral intelligibility ( ?+s4 ,x turns out 9 ! end1 z we h labori\sly discov]$1 t und]/&+ has to be circuit\s & _c fulfil its function until x applies me*anical categories to exi/5ce4 ,a ?or\gh philosophy w become aw>e t moral intelligibility c only be an incid5tal ornam5t & p>tial h>mony 9 ! _w4 ,= moral significance is relative to p>ticul> int]e/s & to natures hav+ a con/itutional & def9ite bias1 & hav+ consequ5tly special pref]5ces :i* x is *im]ical to expect ! re/ ( ! _w to be det]m9$ by4 ,! attempt to subsume ! natural ord] "u ! moral is l attempts to e/abli% a gov]nm5t ( ! p>5t by ! *ild--some?+ *ildr5 are n av]se to4 ,b su* follies are ! follies ( an intellig5t & eag] creature1 re/less 9 a _w x _c at once ma/] & compreh5d4 ,!y are ! errors ( reason1 w&]+s 9 ! by-pa?s ( philosophy1 n due to lack ( intellig5ce or ( fai? 9 law1 b r to a premature vivacity 9 cat*+ at laws1 a vivacity misl$ by inadequate in=mation4 ,! hung] = facile wisdom is ! root ( all false philosophy4 ,! m9d's reactions anticipate 9 su* cases its suffici5t n\ri%m5t2 x has n yet matur$ "u ! rays ( exp]i5ce1 s t bo? mat]ials & guidance are lack+ = its precoci\s organis+ =ce4 ,sup]/iti\s m9ds are p5etrat+ & n>r[1 deep & ignorant4 ,!y apply ! high] categories be=e ! l[]--an inv]sion :i* 9 all sph]es produces ! wor/ & mo/ pa!tic disorganisation1 because ! l[] functions are !n d]ang$ & ! high] contam9at$4 ,poetry anticipates sci5ce1 on :i* x ought to foll[1 & imag9ation ru%es 9 to int]cept memory1 on :i* x ought to fe$4 ,h5ce sup]/ition & ! magical function ( religion2 h5ce ! deceptions m5 fall into by cogitat+ on ?+s !y are ignorant ( & arrogat+ to !mselves p[]s :i* !y h nev] le>n$ to ex]cise4 ,sid5ote3 ,inatt5tion suff]s !m to spread4 ,x is n[ g5]ally ackn[l$g$ t work]s ( miracles1 prophets1 soo?say]s1 & inspir$ or div9ely appo9t$ m5 may1 l metaphysicians1 be q s9c]e & fully believe !y possess ! p[]s :i* !y pret5d to display4 ,9 ! case ( ! m intellig5t1 h[ev]1 ?is s9c]ity 0 seldom complete1 b mix$ ) a c]ta9 pity+ or scornful accommodation to ! vulg> m9d4 ,some?+ unusual might actually h happ5$1 9 :i* case ! ref]5ce ( x to ! w t welcom$ x 7)\t1 ( c\rse1 be+ able to comm& x unconditionally7 might well seem reasonable4 ,or some?+ normal might h be5 int]pret$ fancifully1 b to ! great] glory ( ,god & edification ( ! fai?ful2 9 :i* case ! incid5tal error might be all[$ to pass un*all5g$ out ( respect = ! ess5tial tru?s ?us =tifi$ 9 pi\s m9ds4 ,! p[] ( habit & conv5tion1 by :i* ! mo/ cry+ inconsi/5cies & hypocrisies are soon put to sleep1 w\ld facilitate ^! accommodations & r5d] !m soon in/9ctive2 :ile ! _w at l>ge1 entirely hypnotis$ by ! c]emoni\s ev5t & its imag9ative e*oes1 c\ld nev] come to close qu>t]s ) ! facts at all1 b c\ld view !m only ?r\gh accept$ preconceptions4 ,?us elaborate ma*9]y c arise & long endure = ! magical s]vice ( man's int]e/s4 ,h[ deeply root$ su* conv5tions are1 h[ natural x is t !y %\ld h dom9at$ ev5 civilis$ society1 may be/ be und]/ood if we consid] ! remnants ( su* habits 9 our mid/--n among gypsies or pr(essional wond]-work]s b among reflect+ m54 ,sid5ote3 ,g5ius may use !m to convey an in>ticulate wisdom4 ,"s m5 ( action1 l ,cs> & ,napoleon1 are said to h be5 sup]/iti\s ab\t _! own de/9y4 ,! ph5om5on1 if true1 w\ld be intelligible4 ,!y 7 ma/]ful m51 m5 :o 9 a rem>kable degree possess$ 9 _! consci\sness ! sign & sanction ( :at 0 happ5+ 9 ! _w4 ,?is end[m5t1 :i* made !m dom9ate _! contempor>ies1 c\ld also reveal ! s\rces & conditions ( _! own w4 ,!y might easily come to feel t x 0 de/9y--! total movem5t ( ?+s--t inspir$1 cr[n$1 & ru9$ !m4 ,b z !y c\ld feel ?is only in/9ctively1 n by a sy/ematic view ( all ! =ces 9 play1 !y w\ld atta* _! volum9\s s5se ( fatality to "s *ance ext]nal indication or to "s ephem]al impulse )9 !mselves2 s t :at 0 ess5tially a pr(\nd b in>ticulate sci5ce might express itself 9 ! guise ( a sup]/ition4 ,9 l mann] ,socrates' ,demon 7if n actually a playful fable by :i* ! sage express$ ! negative /ress ( consci5ce1 ! 8?\ %alt n0 ( all awe-inspir+ precepts7 might be a symbol = lat5t wisdom4 ,socrates turn$ a trick1 play$ ^u him by 8 s5ses1 into a message f heav54 ,he taught a feeble voice--s5seless l all gho/ly voices--to sanction precepts dictat$ by ! truly div9e elem5t )9 himself4 ,x 0 *>act]i/ic ( 8 mode/ piety to look = "s ext]nal sign to support reason2 8 philosophy 0 s human1 & man is obvi\sly s small a "p ( ! _w1 t he c\ld reasonably subord9ate reason at c]ta9 junctures4 ,its abdication1 h[ev]1 0 half playful1 = he c\ld always f9d excell5t gr\nds = :at ! demon comm&$4 ,9 mu* ! same mann] ! prie/s at ,delphi1 :5 !y 7 prud5t1 made ( ! ,py?ia's rav+s oracles n )\t elevation ( tone & ) an obvi\s political t5d5cy4 ,occasions = sup]/ition :i* bas] m9ds w\ld h turn$ to %e] lunacy or silly fe>s or necromantic clap-trap 7 seiz$ by ^! nobl] natures = a good purpose4 ,a b5evol5t man1 n incl9$ to scepticism1 c always argue t ! gods mu/ h comm&$ :at he himself kn[s to be "r2 & he ?9ks x religion on 8 "p to int]pret ! oracle accord+ly1 or ev5 to prompt x4 ,9 su* ways ! mo/ arbitr>y sup]/itions take a moral col\r 9 a moral m9d2 some?+ :i* c come ab\t all ! m easily s9ce ! roots ( reason & sup]/ition are int]tw9$ 9 ! m9d1 & society has always express$ & cultivat$ !m toge!r4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,magic1 ,,sacrifice1 ,,& ,,pray] ,sid5ote3 ,fe> creat$ ! gods4 ,t fe> fir/ creat$ ! gods is p]haps z true z any?+ s brief c\ld be on s great a subject4 ,to recognise an ext]nal p[] x is requisite t we %\ld f9d ! inn] /ream & t5d5cy ( life someh[ *eck$ or di/urb$2 if all w5t well & acceptably1 we %\ld attribute div9ity only to ourselves4 ,! ext]nal is !re=e evil r ?an good to e>ly appreh5sion--a s5tim5t :i* /ill survives 9 respect to matt]2 = x takes reflection to conceive t ext]nal =ces =m a necess>y environm5t1 creat+ z well z limit+ u1 & (f]+ u z _m opportunities z rebuffs4 ,! fir/ ?+s :i* a man le>ns to di/+ui% & respect are ?+s ) a w ( _! own1 ?+s :i* resi/ 8 casual dem&s2 & s ! fir/ s5tim5t ) :i* he confronts reality is a c]ta9 animosity1 :i* becomes cruelty t[>d ! weak & fe> & fawn+ be=e ! p[]ful4 ,t[>d m5 & animals & ! docile p>ts ( nature ^! s5tim5ts soon become def9$ accurately1 repres5t+ ! exact degree ( fri5dl9ess or use :i* we discov] 9 ^! be+s2 & x is 9 practical t]ms1 express+ ?is relation to our int]e/s1 t we def9e _! *>act]s4 ,mu* rema9s ov]1 h[ev]1 :i* we _c easily def9e1 indomitable1 ambigu\s regions ( nature & consci\sness :i* we "k n h[ to face2 yet we _c ignore !m1 s9ce x is !nce t comes :at is mo/ mom5t\s 9 our =tunes--luck1 disease1 tempe/1 dea?1 victory4 ,!nce come also c]ta9 my/]i\s visitations to ! inn] m9d--dreams1 app>itions1 w>n+s4 ,to p]ceive ^! ?+s is n always easy1 nor is x easy to int]pret !m1 :ile ! great *anges 9 nature :i*1 p]haps1 !y =ebode may inde$ be wat*$ b _c be met intellig5tly1 mu* less prev5t$4 ,! feel+ ) :i* primitive man walks ! e>? mu/ accord+ly be1 = ! mo/ "p1 appreh5sion2 & :at he meets1 beyond ! well-conn$ ways ( 8 tribe & habitat1 c be no?+ b =midable spirits4 ,sid5ote3 ,ne$ also contribut$4 ,impot5ce1 h[ev]1 has a m positive side4 ,if ! lightn+ & ?und]1 />tl+ u 9 our peace1 sudd5ly reveal unwelcome p[]s be=e :i* we mu/ tremble1 hung]1 on ! contr>y1 w torm5t u ) float+ ideas1 int]mitt5t impulses to act1 sugge/+ ?+s :i* w\ld be :olly delightful if only we c\ld f9d !m1 b :i* x becomes intol]able to rema9 )\t4 ,9 ?is case our fe>1 if we /ill *oose to call x s1 w\ld be le/ our crav+s %\ld rema9 unsatisfi$1 or r fe> has giv5 place to ne$2 we recognise our dep5d5ce on ext]nal p[]s n because !y ?reat5 b because !y =sake u4 ,sid5ote3 ,! real evid5ces ( ,god's exi/5ce4 ,obvi\s consid]ations l ^! furni% ! pro( ( ,god's exi/5ce1 n z philosoph]s h tri$ to express x aft] ! fact & 9 relation to my?ical conceptions ( ,god already curr5t1 b z mank9d orig9ally p]ceiv$ x1 & 7:]e religion is spontane\s7 p]ceives x /ill4 ,!re is su* an ord] 9 exp]i5ce t we f9d our desires d\bly dep5d5t on some?+ :i*1 because x disreg>ds our w1 we call an ext]nal p[]4 ,sometimes x ov]:elms u ) sc\rges & wond]s1 s t we mu/ m>vel at x & fe>2 sometimes x removes1 or aft] remov+ re/ores1 a support necess>y to our exi/5ce & happ9ess1 s t we mu/ cl+ to x1 hope = x1 & love x4 ,:atev] is s]i\s 9 religion1 :atev] is b\nd up ) morality & fate1 is conta9$ 9 ^? pla9 exp]i5ces ( dep5d5ce & ( aff9ity to t on :i* we dep5d4 ,! re/ is poetry1 or my?ical philosophy1 9 :i* def9itions n w>rant$ 9 ! end by exp]i5ce are giv5 to t p[] :i* exp]i5ce reveals4 ,to reject su* arbitr>y def9itions is call$ a!ism by ^? :o frame !m2 b a man :o /udies = himself ! om9\s & ! fri5dly aspects ( reality & gives !m ! true/ & mo/ adequate expression he c is repeat+ :at ! f\nd]s ( religion did 9 ! beg9n+4 ,he is _! companion & foll[] m truly ?an are ! apologi/s = second-h& conceptions :i* ^! apologi/s !mselves h nev] comp>$ ) ! facts1 & :i* !y prize *iefly = misrepres5t+ actual exp]i5ce & giv+ x imag9>y ext5sions4 ,religion is n ess5tially an impo/ure1 ?\gh x might seem s if we consid] x z its def5d]s pres5t x to u r ?an z its discov]]s & orig9al spokesm5 utt]$ x 9 ! pres5ce ( nature & face to face ) unsophi/icat$ m54 ,religion is an int]pretation ( exp]i5ce1 hone/ly made1 & made 9 view ( man's happ9ess & its empirical conditions4 ,t ?is int]pretation is poetical goes )\t say+1 s9ce natural & moral sci5ce1 ev5 to-day1 are inadequate = ! task4 ,b ! my?ical =m into :i* m5 ca/ _! wisdom 0 n *os5 by !m because !y pref]r$ to be imag9ative2 x 0 n embrac$1 z its survivals are n[ def5d$1 out ( s5tim5tal atta*m5t to gr&iloqu5t b inaccurate ?\ghts4 ,my?ical =ms 7 adopt$ because none o!r 7 available1 nor c\ld ! primitive m9d discrim9ate at all betwe5 ! my?ical & ! sci5tific4 ,:e!r x is ! my? or ! wisdom x expresses t we call religion is a matt] ( words4 ,c]ta9 x is t ! wisdom is alone :at gives ! my? its dignity1 & :at orig9ally sugge/$ x4 ,god's maje/y lies 9 8 op]ation1 n 9 8 def9ition or 8 image4 ,sid5ote3 ,practice prec$es !ory 9 religion4 ,fe> & ne$1 !n1 br+ u into ! pres5ce ( ext]nal p[]s1 conceiv$ my?ically1 ^: ess5tial "* is to be n[ t]rible1 n[ auspici\s4 ,! influ5ce is real & directly felt2 ! gods' function is unmi/akable & mom5t\s1 :ile _! "n & =m1 ! fabul\s be+s to :i* t felt influ5ce is imput$1 v>y ) ! res\rces ( ! wor%ipp]'s m9d & 8 poetic habits4 ,! "w ( expression1 ! creation ( a fabul\s environm5t to d]ive exp]i5ce f1 is n1 h[ev]1 ! fir/ or mo/ press+ op]ation employ+ ! religi\s m9d4 ,its fir/ bus9ess is r ! "w ( propitiation2 be=e we /op to contemplate ! deity we ha/5 to appease x1 to welcome x1 or to get out ( its way4 ,cult prec$es fable & helps to frame x1 because ! feel+ ( ne$ or fe> is a practical feel+1 & ! ideas x may awak5 are only incid5tal to ! reactions x prompts4 ,wor%ip is !re=e e>li] & ne>] to ! roots ( religion ?an dogma is4 ,sid5ote3 ,pa!tic1 t5tative nature ( religi\s practices4 ,at ! same "t1 s9ce ^? reactions :i* are directly efficaci\s g to =m arts & indu/rial habits1 & ev5tually put be=e u ! _w ( sci5ce & common-s5se1 religi\s practice & ?\ght are conf9$ to ! sph]e 9 :i* direct manipulation ( ?+s is impossible4 ,cultus is always di/+ui%able f indu/ry1 ev5 :5 ! wor%ipp]'s motives are mo/ sordid & 8 notions mo/ mat]ial2 = 9 religi\s op]ations ! *anges work$ or expect$ c nev] be trac$ consecutively4 ,!re is a break1 (t5 a complete div]sity & disproportion1 betwe5 ef=t & result4 ,religion is a =m ( rational liv+ m empirical1 loos]1 m primitive ?an art4 ,man's consci\sness 9 x is m imm]s$ 9 nature1 ne>] to a vegetative union ) ! g5]al life2 x bemoans division & celebrates h>mony ) a m passive & lyrical wond]4 ,! elem5t ( action prop] to religion is extremely arbitr>y1 & we are (t5 at a loss to see 9 :at way ! acts recomm5d$ conduce at all to ! result =etold4 ,z !oretical sup]/ition /ops at any cause1 s practical sup]/ition seizes on any means4 ,religion arises "u high pressure3 9 ! la/ extremity1 e "o appeals to ,god4 ,b 9 ! la/ extremity all kn[n me?ods ( action h prov$ futile2 :5 res\rces are exhau/$ & ideas fail1 if !re is /ill vitality 9 ! w x s5ds a supreme appeal to ! sup]natural4 ,?is appeal is necess>ily made 9 ! d>k3 x is ! appeal ( a consci\s impot5ce1 ( an av[$ p]plexity4 ,:at a man 9 su* a case may come to d to propitiate ! deity1 or to produce by magic a result he _c produce by art1 w obvi\sly be "s r&om action4 ,he w be driv5 back to ! place :]e in/9ct & reason beg94 ,8 movem5t w be absolutely exp]im5tal1 altoge!r spontane\s4 ,he w h no reason = :at he does1 save t he mu/ d some?+4 ,sid5ote3 ,meanness & envy 9 ! gods1 sugge/+ sacrifice4 ,:at he w d1 h[ev]1 w n be v orig9al2 a die mu/ fall on "s "o ( its six faces1 %ake x z mu* z y please4 ,:5 ,don ,quixote1 seek+ to d good absolutely at a v5ture1 let ! re9s drop on ,roc9ante's neck1 ! poor bea/ v naturally foll[$ ! highway2 & a man wond]+ :at w please heav5 c ultimately light on no?+ b :at might please himself4 ,x is pa!tic to obs]ve h[ l[ly ! motives are t religion1 ev5 ! highe/1 attributes to ! deity1 & f :at a h>d-press$ & bitt] exi/5ce !y h be5 drawn4 ,to be giv5 ! be/ morsel1 to be rememb]$1 to be prais$1 to be obey$ bl9dly & punctili\sly--^! h be5 ?\ght po9ts ( hon\r ) ! gods1 = :i* !y w\ld disp5se fav\rs & puni%m5ts on ! mo/ exorbitant scale4 ,inde$1 ! widespread practice ( sacrifice1 l all mutilations & p5ances1 sugge/s an ev5 mean] jeal\sy & malice 9 ! gods2 = ! discipl9>y functions :i* ^! ?+s may h 7 n aim$ at 9 ! beg9n+1 & w\ld n h associat$ !m p>ticul>ly ) religion4 ,9 sett+ aside ! fat = ! gods' pleasure1 9 sacrific+ ! fir/-born1 9 a ?\s& o!r cruel c]emonies1 ! idea app>5tly 0 t an envi\s onlook]1 lurk+ unse51 might poison ! :ole1 or rev5ge himself = n hav+ enjoy$ x1 unless a "p--possibly suffici5t = 8 hung]--7 surr5d]$ to him volunt>ily4 ,?is onlook] 0 a v]itable demon1 treat$ z a man treats a robb] to :om he yields 8 purse t 8 life may be sp>$4 ,to call ! gods envi\s has a c]ta9 symbolic tru?1 9 t e>?ly =tunes are actually prec>i\s2 & su* an obs]vation might inspire deta*m5t f mat]ial ?+s & a k9d ( philosophy4 ,b :at at fir/ inspires sacrifice is a lit]al envy imput$ to ! gods1 a _s ( v5geance & petty ill-w2 s t !y grudge a man ev5 ! good ?+s :i* !y _c enjoy !mselves4 ,if ! god is a tyrant1 ! vot>y w be a tax-pay] surr5d]+ 8 ti!s to secure immunity f fur!r levies or f attack by o!r pot5tates4 ,god & man w be natural enemies1 liv+ 9 a sort ( politic peace4 ,sid5ote3 ,rituali/ic arts4 ,sacrifices are f> f hav+ m]ely ?is s9i/] mean+4 ,once inaugurat$ !y sugge/ fur!r ideas1 & f ! beg9n+ !y _h happi] associations4 ,! sacrifice 0 incid5tal to a fea/1 & ! pl5ty x 0 to r5d] safe exi/$ already4 ,:at 0 a bribe1 (f]$ 9 ! _s ( b>t]1 to see if ! envi\s p[] c\ld n be mollifi$ by some?+ less ?an ! total ru9 ( 8 victims1 c\ld easily become a g5ial di/ribution ( :at cu/om assign$ to ea*3 s mu* to ! *ief1 s mu* to ! god1 s mu* to ! husb&man4 ,!re is a c]ta9 op5ness1 & z x 7 ! =m ( ju/ice1 9 giv+ ea* :at is conv5tionally 8 due1 h[ev] little he may really des]ve x4 ,9 religi\s obs]vances ?is s5tim5t plays an important "p1 & m5 f9d satisfaction 9 fulfill+ 9 a seemly mann] :at is prescrib$2 & s9ce !y "k little ab\t ! gr\nd or mean+ ( :at !y d1 !y feel cont5t & safe if at lea/ !y h done x prop]ly4 ,sacrifices are (t5 p]=m$ 9 ?is _s2 & :5 a beautiful ord] & religi\s calm h come to dignify ! p]=mance1 ! m9d1 hav+ meantime v little to occupy x1 may embroid] on ! giv5 !me4 ,x is !n t fable1 & new religi\s s5tim5ts sugge/$ by fable1 appe> prom95tly on ! sc5e4 ,sid5ote3 ,?ank-(f]+s4 ,9 agricultural rites1 = in/ance1 sacrifice w naturally be (f]$ to ! deity presid+ ov] g]m9ation2 t is ! deity t might1 p]haps1 )draw 8 fav\r ) disa/r\s results4 ,he commonly proves1 h[ev]1 a k9dly & responsive be+1 & 9 (f]+ to him a few %eaves ( corn1 "s b>ley-cakes1 or a libation f ! v9tage1 ! public is grateful r ?an calculat+2 ! sacrifice has become an act ( ?anksgiv+4 ,s 9 ,*ri/ian devotion 7:i* (t5 foll[s primitive impulses & repeats ! dialectic ( paganism 9 a m speculative region7 ! r$emption did n rema9 m]ely expiatory4 ,x 0 n m]ely a debt to be paid (f & a c]ta9 quantum ( suff]+ to be endur$ :i* _h induc$ ! ,son ( ,god to become man & to take up 8 cross4 ,x 01 s ! subtl] !ologians decl>$1 an act ( affection z mu* z ( pity2 & ! spell ( ! doctr9e ov] ! human he>t lay 9 feel+ t ,god wi%$ to assimilate himself to man1 r ?an simply f above to decl>e him =giv52 s t ! inc>nation 0 9 effect a rehabilitation ( man1 a r$emption 9 itself1 & a =giv5ess4 ,m5 l to ?9k t ,god has sat at _! table & walk$ among !m 9 disguise4 ,! idea is flatt]+2 x sugge/s t ! c\rtesy may "s day be return$1 & = ^? :o c look s deep x expresses po9t$ly ! philosophic tru? ( ! matt]4 ,= are n ! gods1 too1 9 et]nal travail aft] _! ideal1 & is n man a "p ( ! _w1 & 8 art a portion ( ! div9e wisdom8 ,if ! inc>nation 0 a virtual r$emption1 ! true/ inc>nation 0 ! labori\s creation itself4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sacrifice ( a contrite he>t4 ,if sacrifice1 9 its m amiable aspect1 c become ?anksgiv+ & an expression ( pr(itable dep5d5ce1 x c suff] an ev5 nobl] trans=mation :ile reta9+ all its au/]ity4 ,r5unciation is ! corn]-/one ( wisdom1 ! condition ( all g5u9e a*ievem5t4 ,! gods1 9 ask+ = a sacrifice1 may invite u to give up n a "p ( our food or ( our lib]ty b ! fooli% & inord9ate "p ( our wills4 ,! sacrifice may be dictat$ to u n by a jeal\s enemy ne$+ to be pacifi$ b by a f>-see+ fri5d1 wi%+ we may n be deceiv$4 ,if :at we are comm&$ to surr5d] is only :at is do+ u h>m1 ! god dem&+ ! sacrifice is our own ideal4 ,he has no int]e/s 9 ! case o!r ?an our own2 he is no "p ( ! environm5t2 he is ! goal t det]m9es = u h[ we %\ld proce$ 9 ord] to realise z f> z possible our inmo/ aspirations4 ,:5 religion rea*es ?is phase x has become ?or\ghly moral4 ,x has ceas$ to repres5t or misrepres5t mat]ial conditions1 & has le>n$ to embody spiritual goods4 ,sacrifice is a rite1 & rites c seldom be made to embody ideas exclusively moral4 ,some?+ dramatic or my/ical w cl+ to ! p]=mance1 &1 ev5 :5 ! effect ( x is to purify1 x w br+ ab\t an emotional ca?>sis r ?an a moral improvem5t4 ,! mass is a ritual sacrifice1 & ! communion is a "p ( x1 hav+ ! close/ resemblance to :at sacrifices h always be54 ,among ! dev\t ^! c]emonies1 & ! lyric emotions !y awak51 h a q visible influ5ce2 b ! spell is my/ic1 ! god soon rec$es1 & x w\ld be purely fanciful to ma9ta9 t any p]man5t moral effect comes f su* an ex]cise4 ,! ,*ur* has felt z mu* & introduc$ ! confession1 :]e a man may really be ask$ to consid] :at sacrifices he %\ld make = 8 "p1 & 9 :at practical direction he %\ld imag9e himself to be drawn by ! vague ,dionysiac influ5ces to :i* ! ritual subjects him4 ,sid5ote3 ,pray] is n utilit>ian 9 ess5ce4 ,z sacrifice expresses fe>1 pray] expresses ne$4 ,common-s5se ?9ks ( language z some?+ meant to be und]/ood by ano!r & to produce *anges 9 8 disposition & behavi\r1 b language has pre-rational uses1 ( :i* poetry & pray] are p]haps ! *ief4 ,a man ov]come by passion assumes dramatic attitudes surely n int5d$ to be wat*$ & int]pret$2 l te>s1 ge/ures may t\* an obs]v]'s he>t1 b !y d n come = t purpose4 ,s ! fund ( words & phrases lat5t 9 ! m9d fl[ out "u /ress ( emotion2 !y fl[ because !y belong to ! situation1 because !y fill out & complete a p]ception absorb+ ! m9d2 !y d n fl[ prim>ily to be li/5$ to4 ,! in/9ct to pray is "o ( ! *ief av5ues to ! deity1 & ! =m pray] takes helps imm5sely to def9e ! p[] x is address$ to2 inde$1 x is 9 ! act ( pray+ t m5 =mulate to !mselves :at ,god mu/ be1 & tell him at great l5g? :at !y believe & :at !y expect ( him4 ,! initial =ms ( pray] are n s absurd z ! some:at rationalis$ =ms ( x4 ,unlike sacrifice1 pray] seems to be ju/ifi$ by its ess5ce & to be degrad$ by ! trans=mations x suff]s 9 reflection1 :5 m5 try to f9d a place = x 9 _! cosmic economy2 = its ess5ce is poetical1 expressive1 contemplative1 & x gr[s m & m nons5sical ! m p insi/ on mak+ x a prosaic1 comm]cial ex*ange ( views betwe5 two int]locutors4 ,pray] is a soliloquy2 b be+ a soliloquy express+ ne$1 & be+ fur!rmore1 l sacrifice1 a desp]ate exp$i5t :i* m5 fly to 9 _! impot5ce1 x looks = an effect3 to cry al\d1 to make v[s1 to contra/ eloqu5tly ! giv5 ) ! ideal situation1 is c]ta9ly z likely a way ( br++ ab\t a *ange = ! bett] z x w\ld be to *a/ise "o's self sev]ely1 or to de/roy :at "o loves be/1 or to p]=m acts altoge!r trivial & arbitr>y4 ,pray] also is magic1 & z su* x is expect$ to d "w4 ,! answ] look$ =1 or "o :i* may be accept$ in/ead1 v (t5 ensues2 & x is !n t my?ology beg9s to ent] 9 & seeks to expla9 by :at ma*9]y ( div9e passions & purposes t answ]+ effect 0 produc$4 ,sid5ote3 ,its suppos$ efficacy magical4 ,magic is 9 a c]ta9 s5se ! "m ( art1 art be+ ! magic t succe$s & c e/abli% itself4 ,= ?is v reason m]e magic is nev] appeal$ to :5 art has be5 f\nd1 & no unsophi/icat$ man prays to h t done = him :i* he kn[s h[ to d = himself4 ,:5 8 art fails1 if 8 necessity /ill presses1 he appeals to magic1 & he prays :5 he no long] c control ! ev5t1 provid$ ?is ev5t is mom5t\s to him4 ,pray] is n a sub/itute = "w2 x is a desp]ate ef=t to "w fur!r & to be effici5t beyond ! range ( "o's p[]s4 ,x is n ! lazy :o are mo/ incl9$ to pray]2 ^? pray mo/ :o c>e mo/1 & :o1 hav+ work$ h>d1 f9d x intol]able to be defeat$4 ,sid5ote3 ,!ological puzzles4 ,no *apt] 9 !ology is m unhappy ?an t 9 :i* a mat]ial efficacy is assign$ to pray]4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! facts contradict ! notion t curses c br+ evil or bless+s c cure2 & x is n obs]v$ t ! mo/ or?odox & h>d-pray+ army w9s ! mo/ battles4 ,! facts1 h[ev]1 are (t5 aga9/ !ology1 :i* has to rely on dialectical ref9em5ts to expla9 !m away2 b un=tunately 9 ?is in/ance dialectic is no less ho/ile ?an exp]i5ce4 ,god mu/ "k our necessities be=e we ask &1 if he is good1 mu/ already h decid$ :at he w\ld d = u4 ,pray]1 l e o!r act1 becomes 9 a provid5tial _w altoge!r p]functory & hi/rionic2 we are compell$ to g ?r\gh x1 x is set d[n = u 9 ! play1 b x lacks altoge!r t moral value :i* we assign to x4 ,:5 our pray]s fail1 x mu/ be bett] ?an if !y _h succe$$1 s t pray]1 ) all free pref]5ce :atsoev]1 becomes an absurdity4 ,! tr\ble is mu* deep] ?an t :i* s _m p f9d 9 det]m9ism4 ,a physical pr$et]m9ation1 9 mak+ all ?+s necess>y1 leaves all values entire1 & my pref]5ces1 ?\gh !y _c be efficaci\s unless !y express pre=m$ natural =ces1 are n invalidat$ ideally4 ,x is /ill true t ! _w w\ld h be5 bett] to all et]nity if my w also c\ld h be5 fulfill$4 ,a provid5tial optimism1 on ! contr>y1 n m]ely pr$et]m9es ev5ts b disc\nts values2 & x r$uces e mortal aspiration1 e pang ( consci5ce2 e wi% t ?+s %\ld be bett] ?an !y are1 to a bl9d imp]t95ce1 nay1 to a sacrilege4 ,?us1 y may n pray t ,god's k+dom may come1 b only--:at is n a pray] b a dogma--t x has come already4 ,! my?ology t pret5ds to ju/ify pray] by giv+ x a mat]ial efficacy misund]/&s pray] completely & makes x ridicul\s1 = x turns away f ! he>t1 :i* pray] expresses pa!tically1 to a fabul\s cosmos :]e aspirations h be5 turn$ into ?+s & h !reby /ifl$ _! own voices4 ,sid5ote3 ,a real efficacy w\ld be me*anical4 ,! situation w\ld n be improv$ if we surr5d]$ t my/ical optimism1 & ma9ta9$ t pray] might really attract sup]-human =ces to our aid by giv+ !m a signal )\t :i* !y w\ld n h be5 able to rea* u4 ,if exp]i5ce l5t itself to su* a !ory !re w\ld be no?+ 9 x m impossible ?an 9 ord9>y telepa?y2 pray] w\ld !n be an art l conv]sation1 & ! exact p]sonages & int]e/s w\ld be discov]able to :i* we might appeal4 ,a cele/ial diplomacy might !n be e/abli%$ n v unlike primitive religions4 ,religion w\ld h rev]t$ to indu/ry & sci5ce1 to :i* ! gross] spirits t take refuge "u x h always wi%$ to assimilate x4 ,b is x really ! (fice ( religion to "w ^u ext]nal p[]s & extract f !m c]ta9 calculable effects8 ,is x an art1 l empiric m$ic9e1 & m]ely a dubi\s & my/ic indu/ry8 ,if s1 x exi/s only by imp]fection2 7 x bett] develop$ x w\ld co9cide ) ^? mat]ial & social arts ) :i* x is id5tical 9 ess5ce4 ,successful religion1 l successful magic1 w\ld h pass$ into ! art ( exploit+ ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,true uses ( pray]4 ,:at successful religion really %\ld pass into is contemplation1 ideality1 poetry1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* poetry includes all imag9ative moral life4 ,t ?is is :at religion looks to is v cle> 9 pray] & 9 ! efficacy :i* pray] consi/5tly c h4 ,9 rational pray] ! s\l may be said to accompli% ?ree ?+s important to its welf>e3 x )draws )9 itself & def9es its good1 x accommodates itself to de/9y1 & x gr[s l ! ideal :i* x conceives4 ,sid5ote3 ,x cl>ifies ! ideal4 ,if pray] spr+s f ne$ x w naturally dwell on :at w\ld satisfy t necessity2 sometimes1 inde$1 x does no?+ else b articulate & eulogise :at is mo/ want$ & priz$4 ,?is object w (t5 be p>ticul>1 & s x %\ld be1 s9ce ,socrates' pray] 8= ! be/0 w\ld be p]functory & vapid inde$ 9 a man ^: life _h n be5 sp5t1 l ,socrates'1 9 def9+ :at ! be/ 04 ,yet any p>ticul> good lies 9 a field ( relations2 x has associates & implications1 s t ! m9d dwell+ on x & invok+ its pres5ce w naturally be entic$ also into its backgr\nd1 & w w&] !re1 p]haps to come ^u great] goods1 or ^u evils :i* ! covet$ good w\ld make inevitable4 ,an e>ne/ consid]ation1 !re=e1 ( any?+ desir$ is apt to enl>ge & g5]alise aspiration till x embraces an ideal life2 = f almo/ any />t+-po9t ! limits & cont\rs ( mortal happ9ess are soon descri$4 ,pray]1 inspir$ by a press+ ne$1 already relieves its importunity by m]g+ x 9 ! g5]al ne$ ( ! _s & ( mank9d4 ,x !re=e calms ! passions 9 express+ !m1 l all idealisation1 & t5ds to make ! w con=mable ) reason & ju/ice4 ,sid5ote3 ,x reconciles to ! inevitable4 ,a compreh5sive ideal1 h[ev]1 is h>d] to realise ?an a p>ticul> "o3 ! ra9 wi%$ = may fall1 ! dea? fe>$ may be av]t$1 b ! k+dom ( heav5 does n come4 ,x is 9 ! v ess5ce ( pray] to reg>d a d5ial z possible4 ,!re w\ld be no s5se 9 def9+ & begg+ = ! bett] ?+ if t bett] ?+ _h at any rate to be4 ,! possibility ( defeat is "o ( ! circum/ances ) :i* m$itation mu/ squ>e ! ideal2 see+ t my pray] may n be grant$1 :at 9 t case %\ld ,i pray = next8 ,n[ ! ord] ( nature is 9 _m respects well kn[n1 & x is cle> t all realisable ideals mu/ n transgress c]ta9 b\nds4 ,! practical ideal1 t :i* "u ! circum/ances x is be/ to aim at & pray =1 w n rebel aga9/ de/9y4 ,con=mity is an elem5t 9 all religion & submission 9 all pray]2 n because :at mu/ be is be/1 b because ! be/ t may be pursu$ rationally lies )9 ! possible1 & c be hat*$ only 9 ! g5]al womb ( be+4 ,! pray]1 8,?y w be done10 if x is to rema9 a pray]1 mu/ n be degrad$ f its orig9al mean+1 :i* 0 t an unfulfill$ ideal %\ld be fulfill$2 x express$ aspiration aft] ! be/1 n will+ness to be satisfi$ )1 any?+4 ,yet ! inevitable mu/ be accept$1 & x is easi] to *ange ! human w ?an ! laws ( nature4 ,to wean ! m9d f extravagant desires & tea* x to f9d excell5ce 9 :at life af=ds1 :5 life is made z wor?y z possible1 is a "p ( wisdom & religion4 ,pray]1 by confront+ ! ideal ) exp]i5ce & fate1 t5ds to r5d] t ideal humble1 practical1 & efficaci\s4 ,sid5ote3 ,x fo/]s spiritual life by conceiv+ x 9 its p]fection4 ,a s5se = human limitations1 h[ev]1 has its foil 9 ! ideal ( deity1 :i* is no?+ b ! ideal ( man fre$ f ^? limitations :i* a humble & wise man accepts = himself1 b :i* a spiritual man nev] ceases to feel z limitations4 ,man1 = in/ance1 is mortal1 & 8 :ole animal & social economy is built on t fact1 s t 8 practical ideal mu/ />t on t basis1 & make ! be/ ( x2 b immortality is ess5tially bett]1 & ! et]nal is 9 _m ways con/antly pres5t to a noble m9d2 ! gods !re=e are immortal1 & to speak _! language 9 pray] is to le>n to see all ?+s z !y d & z reason mu/1 "u ! =m ( et]nity4 ,! gods are fur!rmore no respect]s ( p]sons2 !y are j1 = x is man's ideal to be s4 ,pray]1 s9ce x addresses deity1 w 9 ! end blu% to be selfi% & p>tial2 ! maje/y ( ! div9e m9d envisag$ & consult$ w t5d to pass into ! human m9d4 ,?is use ( pray] has n be5 conspicu\s 9 ,*ri/ian times1 because1 in/ead ( assimilat+ ! temporal to ! et]nal1 m5 h assimilat$ ! et]nal to ! temporal1 be+ p]turb$ fanatics 9 religion r ?an poets & ideali/s4 ,pagan devotion1 on ! o!r h&1 0 full ( ?is calm] _s4 ,! gods1 be+ frankly natural1 c\ld be truly ideal4 ,!y embodi$ :at 0 faire/ 9 life & lov$ m5 :o resembl$ !m1 s t x 0 delightful & ennobl+ to see _! images ev]y:]e1 & to keep _! names & /ory p]petually 9 m9d4 ,!y did n by _! influ5ce ali5ate man f 8 appropriate happ9ess1 b !y p]fect$ x by _! pres5ce4 ,peopl+ all places1 *ang+ _! =ms z all liv+ ?+s mu/ accord+ to place & circum/ance1 !y %[$ h[ all k9ds ( be+1 if p]fect 9 _! k9d1 might be p]fectly good4 ,!y ask$ = a rev]5ce consi/5t ) reason1 & ex]cis$ pr]ogatives t let man free4 ,_! wor%ip 0 a p]petual lesson 9 humanity1 mod]ation1 & beauty4 ,some?+ pre-rational & mon/r\s (t5 peep$ out beh9d _! s]5ity1 z x does b5ea? ! human s\l1 & !re 0 c]ta9ly no lack ( wildness & my/ic horror 9 _! app>itions4 ,! ideal mu/ ne$s betray ^? elem5tal =ces on :i*1 aft] all1 x re/s2 b reason exi/s to exorcise _! madness & w9 !m ov] to a /eady expression ( !mselves & ( ! good4 ,sid5ote3 ,discipl9e & contemplation are _! own rew>d4 ,pray]1 9 f9e1 ?\gh x accompli%es no?+ mat]ial1 con/itutes some?+ spiritual4 ,x w n br+ ra91 b until ra9 comes x may cultivate hope & resignation & may prep>e ! he>t = any issue1 op5+ up a vi/a 9 :i* human prosp]ity w appe> 9 its condition$ exi/5ce & conditional value4 ,a c&le wa/+ itself be=e an image w prev5t no mis=tune1 b x may be> witness to "s sil5t hope or relieve "s sorr[ by express+ x2 x may s(t5 a little ! bitt] s5se ( impot5ce :i* w\ld consume a m9d aw>e ( physical dep5d5ce b n ( spiritual dom9ion4 ,wor%ip1 supplication1 reliance on ! gods1 express bo? ^! ?+s 9 an appropriate p>able4 ,physical impot5ce is express$ by man's appeal = help2 moral dom9ion by belief 9 ,god's omnipot5ce4 ,?is belief may aft]w>ds seem to be contradict$ by ev5ts4 ,x w\ld be s 9 tru? if ,god's omnipot5ce /ood = a mat]ial magical control ( ev5ts by ! values !y 7 to g5]ate4 ,b ! believ] kn[s 9 8 he>t1 9 spite ( ! confus$ explanations he may give ( 8 feel+s1 t a mat]ial efficacy is n ! te/ ( 8 fai?4 ,8 fai? w survive any outw>d disappo9tm5t4 ,9 fact1 x w gr[ by t discipl9e & n become truly religi\s until x ceases to be a fooli% expectation ( improbable ?+s & rises on /epp+-/ones ( its mat]ial disappo9tm5ts into a spiritual peace4 ,:at w\ld sacrifice be b a risky inve/m5t if x did n r$eem u f ! love ( ^? ?+s :i* x asks u to surr5d]8 ,:at w\ld be ! mis]able fruit ( an appeal to ,god :i*1 aft] br++ u face to face ) him1 left u /ill imm]s$ 9 :at we c\ld h enjoy$ )\t him8 ,! real use & excuse = magic is ?is1 t by entic+ u1 9 ! s]vice ( natural lu/s1 into a region above natural in/rum5talities1 x accu/oms u to t r>] atmosph]e1 s t we may le>n to brea! x = its own sake4 ,by ! "t we discov] ! me*anical futility ( religion we may h begun to blu% at ! ?\ght ( us+ religion me*anically2 = :at %\ld be ! end ( life if fri5d%ip ) ! gods is a means only8 ,:5 ?aumaturgy is discr$it$1 ! *ildi% desire to "w miracles may itself h pass$ away4 ,be=e we we>y ( ! attempt to hide & piece out our mortality1 our concomitant immortality may h dawn$ ^u u4 ,:ile we are wait+ = ! comm& to take up our b$ & walk we may he> a voice say+3 ,?y s9s are =giv5 !e4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,my?ology ,sid5ote3 ,/atus ( fable 9 ! m9d4 ,primitive ?\ght has ! =m ( poetry & ! function ( prose4 ,be+ ?\ght1 x di/+ui%es objects f ! exp]i5ce t reveals !m & x aspires to "k ?+s z !y are2 b be+ poetical1 x attributes to ^? objects all ! qualities :i* ! exp]i5ce ( !m conta9s1 & builds !m out imag9atively 9 all directions1 )\t di/+ui%+ :at is con/ant & efficaci\s 9 !m4 ,?is primitive habit ( ?\ght survives 9 my?ology1 :i* is an obs]vation ( ?+s encumb]$ ) all !y c sugge/ to a dramatic fancy4 ,x is nei!r consci\s poetry nor valid sci5ce1 b ! common root & raw mat]ial ( bo?4 ,free poetry is a ?+ :i* e>ly man is too poor to indulge 92 8 wide-op5 eyes are too int5tly wat*+ ?is om9\s & trea*]\s _w4 ,= pure sci5ce he has n en\gh exp]i5ce1 no adequate p[] to analyse1 rememb]1 & ab/ract2 8 s\l is too hurri$ & confus$1 too ?ick ) phantoms1 to foll[ ab/emi\sly ! practical ?reads ?r\gh ! labyr9?4 ,8 view ( ?+s is imm5sely ov]load$2 :at he gives out = description is m ?an half soliloquy2 b 8 expression ( exp]i5ce is = t v reason adequate & q s9c]e4 ,belief1 :i* we h come to associate ) religion1 belongs really to sci5ce2 my?s are n believ$ 91 !y are conceiv$ & und]/ood4 ,to dem& belief = an idea is already to contra/ int]pretation ) k2 x is to ass]t t t idea has sci5tific tru?4 ,my?ology _c fl\ri% 9 t dialectical air2 x belongs to a deep] & m +5u\s level ( ?\ght1 :5 m5 por$ on ! _w ) int5se indiscrim9ate int]e/1 accept+ & record+ ! m9d's vegetation no less ?an t obs]vable 9 ?+s1 & mix+ ! two developm5ts toge!r 9 "o wayw>d drama4 ,sid5ote3 ,x requires g5ius4 ,a good my?ology _c be produc$ )\t mu* culture & intellig5ce4 ,/upidity is n poetical4 ,nor is my?ology ess5tially a half-way h\se betwe5 animal vagu5ess 9 ! s\l & sci5tific k4 ,x is conceivable t "s race1 n s dreamful z ours1 %\ld nev] h be5 tempt$ to use psy*ic & passionate categories 9 read+ nature1 b f ! fir/ %\ld h kept its obs]vations s5su\s & pure1 elaborat+ !m only on _! own plane1 ma!matically & dialectically4 ,su* a race1 h[ev]1 c\ld h>dly h _h lyric or dramatic g5ius1 & ev5 9 natural sci5ce1 :i* requires imag9ation1 !y might nev] h accompli%$ any?+4 ,! ,hebrews1 d5y+ !mselves a ri* my?ology1 rema9$ )\t sci5ce & pla/ic art2 ! ,*9ese1 :o seem to h atta9$ legality & dome/ic arts & a tutor$ s5tim5t )\t pass+ ?r\gh su* imag9ative tempe/s z h h>ass$ u1 rema9 at ! same "t )\t a s]i\s sci5ce or philosophy4 ,! ,greeks1 on ! contr>y1 precisely ! p ) ! ri*e/ & mo/ irresponsible my?s1 fir/ conceiv$ ! cosmos sci5tifically1 & fir/ wrote rational hi/ory & philosophy4 ,s true x is t vitality 9 any m5tal function is fav\rable to vitality 9 ! :ole m9d4 ,illusions incid5t to my?ology are n dang]\s 9 ! end1 because illusion f9ds 9 exp]i5ce a natural ?\gh pa9ful cure4 ,extravagant error is un/able1 unless x be h>mless & conf9$ to a limbo remote f all applications2 if x t\*es exp]i5ce x is /imulat+ & brief1 :ile ! equipoise ( dulness may easily r5d] dulness et]nal4 ,a develop$ my?ology %[s t man has tak5 a deep & active int]e/ bo? 9 ! _w & 9 himself1 & has tri$ to l9k ! two1 & int]pret ! "o by ! o!r4 ,my? is !re=e a natural prologue to philosophy1 s9ce ! love ( ideas is ! root ( bo?4 ,bo? are made up ( ?+s admirable to consid]4 ,sid5ote3 ,x only half deceives4 ,nor is ! illusion involv$ 9 fabul\s ?9k+ always s complete & opaque z conv5tion w\ld repres5t x4 ,9 tak+ fable = fact1 good s5se & practice seldom keep pace ) dogma4 ,!re is always a race ( p$ants ^: function x is to mat]ialise ev]y?+ ideal1 b ! great _w1 half %rewdly1 half dogg$ly1 manages to escape _! contagion4 ,language may be entirely p]meat$ ) my?1 s9ce ! aff9ities ( language h mu* to d ) m5 glid+ into su* ?\ghts2 yet ! diff]5ce betwe5 language itself & :at x expresses is n s easily oblit]at$4 ,9 spite ( v]bal traditions1 p seldom take a my? 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* !y w\ld take an empirical tru?4 ,all ! doctr9es t h fl\ri%$ 9 ! _w ab\t immortality h h>dly affect$ m5's natural s5tim5t 9 ! face ( dea?1 a s5tim5t :i* ^? doctr9es1 if tak5 s]i\sly1 ought :olly to rev]se4 ,m5 almo/ univ]sally h ackn[l$g$ a ,provid5ce1 b t fact has _h no =ce to de/roy natural av]sions & fe>s 9 ! pres5ce ( ev5ts2 & yet1 if ,provid5ce _h ev] be5 really tru/$1 ^? pref]5ces w\ld all h laps$1 be+ se5 to be bl9d1 rebelli\s1 & blasphem\s4 ,pray]1 among sane p1 has nev] sup]s$$ practical ef=ts to secure ! desir$ end2 a pro( t ! sph]e ( expression 0 nev] really confus$ ) t ( reality4 ,inde$1 su* a confusion1 if x _h pass$ f !ory to practice1 w\ld h *ang$ my?ology into madness4 ,) r>e exceptions ?is decl5sion has n occurr$ & my?s h be5 tak5 ) a gra9 ( salt :i* n only made !m dige/ible1 b height5$ _! sav\r4 ,x is always by its applicability to ?+s kn[n1 n by its revelation ( ?+s unkn[n & irrelevant1 t a my? at its bir? appeals to mank9d4 ,:5 x has lo/ its symbolic value & sunk to ! level ( m]ely false in=mation1 only an in]t & /upid tradition c keep x above wat]4 ,p>ables ju/ify !mselves b dogmas call = an apologi/4 ,! g5ial (fspr+ ( prophets & poets !n has to be kept alive artificially by pr(essional doctors4 ,a ?+ born ( fancy1 m\ld$ to express univ]sal exp]i5ce & its v]itable issues1 has to be h$g$ ab\t by misrepres5tation1 sophi/ry1 & p>ty _s4 ,! v apologies & un9tellig5t pro(s (f]$ 9 its def5ce 9 a way confess its unreality1 s9ce !y all /ra9 to pa9t 9 m plausible col\rs :at is felt to be 9 itself extravagant & incr$ible4 ,sid5ote3 ,its int]pretative ess5ce4 ,yet if ! my? 0 orig9ally accept$ x c\ld n be = ?is falsity pla9ly writt5 on its face2 x 0 accept$ because x 0 und]/ood1 because x 0 se5 to express reality 9 an eloqu5t metaphor4 ,its function 0 to %[ up "s phase ( exp]i5ce 9 its totality & moral issue1 z 9 a map we r$uce ev]y?+ geographically 9 ord] to ov]look x bett] 9 its true relations4 ,_h ^? symbols = a mom5t desc5d$ to ! plane ( reality !y w\ld h lo/ _! mean+ & dignity2 !y w\ld tell u m]ely t !y !mselves exi/$ bodily1 :i* w\ld be false1 :ile ab\t ! real configuration ( life !y w\ld no long] tell u any?+4 ,su* an error1 if c>ri$ ?r\gh to ! end1 w\ld nullify all exp]i5ce & arre/ all life4 ,m5 w\ld be react+ on expressions & meet+ ) no?+ to express4 ,!y w\ld all be l ^w-eat+ philosoph]s or *ildr5 le>n+ ! cate*ism4 ,! true function ( my?ical ideas is to pres5t & int]pret ev5ts 9 t]ms relative to _s4 ,?+s h uses 9 respect to ! w :i* are direct & obvi\s1 :ile ! inn] ma*9]y ( ^! same ?+s is intricate & obscure4 ,we !re=e conceive ?+s r\ghly & sup]ficially by _! ev5tual practical functions & assign to !m1 9 our game1 "s c\nt]p>t ( ! int]e/ !y affect 9 u4 ,?is c\nt]p>t1 to our ?9k+1 con/itutes _! inw>d "* & s\l4 ,s conceiv$1 s\l & "* are purely my?ical1 be+ arriv$ at by dramatis+ ev5ts accord+ to our own fancy & int]e/4 ,su* ideas may be adequate 9 _! way if !y cov] all ! uses we may ev5tually f9d 9 ! objects !y transcribe = u dramatically4 ,b ! mo/ adequate my?ology is my?ology /ill2 x does n1 l sci5ce1 set ?+s be=e u 9 ! v t]ms !y w we> :5 !y are gradually reveal$ to exp]i5ce4 ,my? is expression1 x is n prophecy4 ,= ?is reason my? is some?+ on :i* ! m9d re/s2 x is an ideal int]pretation 9 :i* ! ph5om5a are dige/$ & transmut$ into human en]gy1 into imag9ative tissue4 ,sid5ote3 ,contra/ ) sci5ce4 ,sci5tific =mulas1 on ! contr>y1 cry al\d = retranslation into p]ceptual t]ms2 !y are l tight-ropes1 on :i* a man may walk b on :i* he _c /& /ill4 ,^! un/able symbols lead1 h[ev]1 to real facts & def9e _! exp]im5tal relations2 :ile ! m9d repos+ cont5t$ly 9 a my? ne$s to h all obs]vation & exp]i5ce beh9d x1 = x w n be driv5 to ga!r m4 ,! p]fect & /able my? w\ld re/ on a complete survey & /eady focuss+ ( all int]e/s really affect+ ! "o f ^: po9t ( view ! my? 0 fram$4 ,!n ea* physical or political unit w\ld be end[$ ) a "* really correspond+ to all its influ5ce on ! ?9k]4 ,?is symbol w\ld r5d] ! diffuse natural exi/5ces :i* x repres5t$ 9 an eloqu5t figure2 & s9ce ?is figure w\ld n mislead practically x might be call$ true4 ,b tru?1 9 a my?1 means a /]l+ quality & /&>d excell5ce1 n a lit]al or logical tru?4 ,x w n1 save by a s+ul> accid5t1 repres5t _! prop] int]nal be+1 z a =?right unselfi% intellect w\ld wi% to "k x4 ,x w translate into ! language ( a private passion ! smiles & fr[ns :i* t passion meets ) 9 ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,importance ( ! moral factor4 ,!re are accord+ly two factors 9 my?ology1 a moral consci\sness & a correspond+ poetic conception ( ?+s4 ,bo? factors are v>iable1 & v>iations 9 ! fir/1 if m hidd51 are no less important ?an v>iations 9 ! second4 ,_h fable />t$ ) a cle> p]ception ( human values1 x w\ld h ga9$ imm5sely 9 significance1 because its pictures1 h[ev] wrong ! ext]nal notions !y built ^u1 w\ld h %[n :at1 9 ! _w s conceiv$1 w\ld h be5 ! ideals & prizes ( life4 ,?us ,dante's bad cosmography & worse hi/ory d n detract f ! spiritual p5etration ( 8 ?\ght1 ?\gh !y detract f its direct applicability4 ,_h nature & de/9y be5 :at ,dante imag9$1 8 conception ( ! values involv$ w\ld h be5 p]fect1 = ! moral philosophy he br\ght into play 0 ,ari/otelian & rational4 ,s 8 poem conta9s a false in/ance or imag9>y rehe>sal ( true wisdom4 ,x describes ! ,life ( ,reason 9 a fanta/ic _w4 ,we ne$ only *ange man's situation to t 9 :i* he actually f9ds himself1 & let ! s\l1 fa?om$ & *a/5$ z ,dante left x1 ask que/ions & draw answ]s f ?is /eadi] dream4 ,sid5ote3 ,its subm]g5ce4 ,my? travels among ! p1 & 9 _! h&s its poetic factor t5ds to pr$om9ate4 ,x is easi] to c>ry on ! dialectic or drama prop] to a fable ?an to confront x aga9 ) ! facts & give !m a fre% & m g5ial int]pretation4 ,! poet makes ! fable2 ! sophi/ c>ries x on4 ,!re=e hi/orians & !ologians discuss *iefly ! v>i\s =ms :i* my?ical be+s h receiv$1 & ! int]nal logical or moral implications ( ^? hypo/ases4 ,!y w\ld d bett] to att5d in/ead to ! moral factor4 ,h[ev] int]e/+ a fable may be 9 itself1 its religi\s value lies :olly 9 its reveal+ "s function :i* nature has 9 human life4 ,n ! beauty ( ! god makes him adorable1 b 8 disp5s+ b5efits & graces4 ,side by side ) ,apollo 7a god hav+ moral functions & consequ5tly inspir+ a f]v5t cult & t5d+ himself to assume a moral "*7 !re may be a ,helios or a ,pha?on1 poetic figures express+ j z well ! sun's physical op]ation1 & no less capable1 if ! !ologian took hold ( !m1 ( sugge/+ psy*ological problems4 ,! moral factor1 h[ev]1 0 n f\nd 9 ^! m9or deities4 ,only a v]bal & s5su\s poetry _h be5 employ$ 9 def9+ !m2 ! ne$s & hopes ( mank9d _h be5 ignor$4 ,apollo1 on ! contr>y1 9 p]sonify+ ! sun1 _h embodi$ also ! sun's relations to human welf>e4 ,! vitality1 ! heal+1 ! enlight5m5t1 ! lyric joy fl[+ into man's he>t f t highe/ s\rce ( 8 physical be+ are all beautifully repres5t$ 9 ! god's figure & fable4 ,! religion ( ,apollo is !re=e a true religion1 z religions may be true3 ! my?ology :i* creat$ ! god re/$ on a deep1 obs]vant s5se = moral values1 & drew a vivid1 if p>tial1 picture ( ! ideal1 atta*+ x significantly to its natural gr\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,my? ju/ifies magic4 ,! fir/ function ( my?ology is to ju/ify magic4 ,! weak hope on :i* sup]/ition hangs1 ! gambl]'s in/9ct :i* div9es 9 ph5om5a a magic solicitude = human =tunes1 c sc>cely be articulat$ )\t seek+ to cov] & ju/ify itself by "s fable4 ,a magic function is mo/ readily conceiv$ & def9$ by attribut+ to ! object int5tions ho/ile or fav\rable to m51 toge!r ) human habits ( passion & disc\rse4 ,= lack ( res\rces & obs]vations1 reason is seldom able to discr$it magic altoge!r4 ,reasonable m5 are =c$1 !re=e1 9 ord] to f9d "s satisfaction1 to make magic z intelligible z possible by assimilat+ x to su* laws ( human action z may be already ma/]$ & famili>4 ,magic is ?us r$uc$ to a sort ( sy/em1 regulat$ by pr9ciples ( its own & naturalis$1 z x 71 9 ! commonweal? ( sci5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,my?s might be metaphysical4 ,su* an av[$ & def5d$ magic usually takes "o ( two =ms4 ,:5 ! miracle is int]pret$ dramatically1 by analogy to human life1 we h my?ology2 :5 x is int]pret$ rationali/ically1 by analogy to curr5t logic or natural sci5ce1 we h metaphysics or !osophy4 ,! metaphysical sort ( sup]/ition has nev] tak5 deep root 9 ! we/]n _w4 ,py?agorean my/]ies & hypnotisations1 al?\gh p]iodically fa%ionable1 h soon %rivell$ 9 our too salubri\s & bit+ air4 ,ev5 su* *>m+ exotics z ,plato's my?s h n be5 able to fl\ri% )\t *ang+ _! nature & pass+ into ord9>y dramatic my?ology--into a magic sy/em 9 :i* all ! =ces1 once t]ms 9 moral exp]i5ce1 became p]sonal angels & demons4 ,simil>ly ) ! ,*ri/ian sacram5ts3 ^! magic rites1 _h !y be5 e/abli%$ 9 ,india among a p !osophically m9d$1 might h furni%$ cues to high transc5d5tal my/]ies4 ,baptism might h be5 int]pret$ z a symbol = ! purg$ & aboli%$ w1 & ,communion z a symbol = ! escape f p]sonality4 ,b ,european races1 ?\gh cr$ul\s en\gh1 are naturally positivi/ic1 s t1 :5 !y 7 call$ ^u to elucidate _! c]emonial my/]ies1 :at !y lit ^u 0 no metaphysical symbolism b a mat]ial & hi/orical drama4 ,communion became a s5tim5tal int]view betwe5 ! dev\t s\l & ! p]son ( ,*ri/2 baptism became ! legal execution ( a my?ical contract once ent]$ into betwe5 ! fir/ & second p]sons ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,?us1 in/ead ( a metaphysical int]pretation1 ! extant magic receiv$ its ne$ful ju/ification ?r\gh my?s4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y appe> ready made1 l p>ts ( ! social fabric4 ,:5 my?ology fir/ appe>s 9 we/]n lit]ature x already possesses a highly articulate =m4 ,! gods are di/9ct p]sonalities1 ) attributes & hi/ories :i* x is h>d to div9e ! s\rce ( & :i* sugge/ no obvi\s rational int]pretation4 ,! hi/orian is !re=e 9 ! same position z a *ild :o inh]its a great religion4 ,! gods & _! do+s are prima facie facts 9 8 _w l any o!r facts1 objective be+s t conv5tion puts him 9 ! pres5ce ( & ) :i* he beg9s by hav+ social relations4 ,he envisages !m ) respect & ob$i5ce1 or ) c>eless defiance1 long be=e he ?9ks ( que/ion+ or prov+ _! exi/5ce4 ,! attitude he assumes t[>ds !m makes !m 9 ! fir/ in/ance factors 9 8 moral _w4 ,mu* subsequ5t scepticism & rationalis+ philosophy w n avail to efface ! ve/iges ( t e>ly communion ) famili> gods4 ,x is h>d to r$uce to objects ( sci5ce :at are ess5tially factors 9 moral int]c\rse4 ,all ?\ghts on religion rema9 accord+ly col\r$ ) passion1 & are felt to be1 above all1 a te/ ( loyalty & an index to virtue4 ,! m d]ivative1 unfa?omable1 & opaque is ! preval5t idea ( ! gods1 ! h>d] x is = a rational feel+ to e/abli% itself 9 _! reg>d4 ,sometimes ! mo/ complete hi/orical enlight5m5t w n suffice to dispel ! %ad[ :i* _! moral ext]nality ca/s ov] ! m9d4 ,9 va9 d we disc>d _! fable & ! ?9 pro(s ( _! exi/5ce :51 9 spite ( ourselves1 we /ill live 9 _! pres5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y p]plex ! consci5ce4 ,?is pa!tic ph5om5on is *>act]i/ic ( religi\s m9ds t h outgr[n _! traditional fai? )\t be+ able to re/ate ! natural gr\nds & moral values ( t someh[ preci\s sy/em 9 :i* !y no long] believe4 ,! dead gods1 9 su* cases1 leave gho/s beh9d !m1 because ! moral =ces :i* ! gods once express$1 & :i*1 ( c\rse1 rema91 rema9 in>ticulate2 & !re=e1 9 _! dumbness1 ^! moral =ces p]si/5tly sugge/ _! only kn[n b n[ discr$it$ symbols4 ,to rega9 moral fre$om--)\t :i* k _c be put to its rational use 9 ! gov]nm5t ( life--we mu/ r$iscov] ! orig9 ( ! gods1 r$uce !m analytically to _! natural & moral con/itu5ts1 & !n proce$ to re>range ^? mat]ials1 )\t any quantitative loss1 9 =ms appropriate to a matur] reflection4 ,( ! innum]able & r monoton\s my?ologies t h fl\ri%$ 9 ! _w1 only ! ,grco-,roman & ! ,*ri/ian ne$ conc]n u "h1 s9ce !y are by f> ! be/ kn[n to u & ! be/ def9$ 9 !mselves1 z well z ! only two likely to h any cont9u$ influ5ce on ! we/]n m9d4 ,bo? ^! sy/ems pre-suppose a long prior developm5t4 ,! gods ( ,greece & ( ,israel h a full-bl[n "* :5 we fir/ meet !m 9 lit]ature4 ,9 bo? cases1 h[ev]1 we are =tunate 9 be+ able to trace some:at fur!r back ! hi/ory ( my?ology1 & d n dep5d m]ely on philosophic analysis to rea* ! elem5ts :i* we seek4 ,sid5ote3 ,incipi5t my? 9 ! ,v$as4 ,9 ! ,v$ic hymns !re survives ! record ( a religion rem>kably l ! ,greek 9 _s1 b less dramatic & articulate 9 =m4 ,! gods ( ! ,v$as are unmi/akably natural elem5ts4 ,vulcan is !re no?+ b fire1 ,jupit] no?+ b ! sky4 ,?is patri>*al p1 fre% f ! highl&s1 _h n yet be5 infect$ ) ! manias & diseases ( ! jungle4 ,x liv$ simply1 rationally1 pi\sly1 lov+ all natural joys & delight$ ) all ! in/rum5ts ( a rude b pure civilisation4 ,x salut$ )\t s]vility ! =ces ( nature :i* m9i/]$ to its ne$s4 ,x bur/ into song 9 ! pres5ce ( ! magnific5t panorama spread out be=e x--day-sky & night-sky1 dawn & gloam+1 cl\ds1 ?und] & ra91 riv]s1 cattle & horses1 gra91 fruit1 fire1 & w9e4 ,nor 7 ! social sanctities neglect$4 ,commemoration 0 made ( ! /ages ( mortal life1 ( ! bonds ( love & k9%ip1 ( peace1 ( battle1 & ( m\rn+ = ! dead4 ,by a v intelligible figure & analogy ! w9ds became %eph]ds1 ! cl\ds flocks1 ! day a conqu]or1 ! dawn a maid1 ! night a wise sibyl & my/]i\s consort ( heav54 ,^! p]sonifications 7 t5tative & vague1 & ! consequ5t my?ology 0 a sy/em ( rhetoric r ?an ( !ology4 ,! v>i\s gods _h int]*angeable attributes1 &1 by a volunt>y confusion1 q 9 ! mann] ( lat] ,h9du poetry1 ea* became on occasion any or all ( ! o!rs4 ,"h ! ,indian pan!i/ic v]tigo beg9s to appe>4 ,_m d>k sup]/itions1 no d\bt1 bubbl$ up 9 ! torr5t ( t pla/ic rev]ie2 = ?is p1 clean & natural z on ! :ole x appe>s1 _c h be5 )\t a long & ignoble ance/ry4 ,! ,greeks !mselves1 heirs to k9dr$ g5]al traditions1 reta9$ "s *ildi% & obsc5e practices 9 _! wor%ip4 ,b su* hobgobl9s naturally vani% "u a cle> & b5efic5t sun & are scatt]$ by heal?y m\nta9 breezes4 ,a *e]ful p kn[s h[ to take !m lightly1 play ) !m1 laugh at !m1 & turn !m aga9 into figures ( spee*4 ,among ! e>ly speak]s ( ,sanskrit1 ev5 m ?an among ! ,greeks1 ! national religion seems to h be5 no?+ b a poetic naturalism4 ,su* a my?ology1 h[ev]1 is exce$+ly pla/ic & un/able4 ,if ! poet is obs]vant & r5ews 8 impressions1 8 my?s w become m & m accurate descriptions ( ! facts1 & 8 hypo!ses ab\t ph5om5a w t5d to be express$ m & m 9 t]ms ( ! ph5om5a !mselves2 t is1 w t5d to become sci5tific4 ,if1 on ! contr>y & z usually happ5s1 ! inn] sugge/ions & f]tility ( 8 fables absorb 8 int]e/1 & he neglects to consult 8 ext]nal p]ceptions any fur!r1 or ev5 =gets t any su* p]ceptions orig9ally inspir$ ! my?1 he w t5d to become a dramatic poet1 guid$ h5ce=? 9 8 fictions only by 8 k & love ( human life4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural sugge/ions soon exhau/$4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y w be c>ri$ out 9 ab/ract fancy4 ,:5 we transport ourselves 9 fancy to patri>*al epo*s & ,arcadian sc5es1 we c well feel ! inevitable t5d5cy ( ! m9d to my?ologise & give its my?s a m & m dramatic "*4 ,! ph5om5a ( nature1 un9telligible rationally b imm5sely impressive1 mu/ someh[ be describ$ & dige/$4 ,b :ile !y compel att5tion !y d n1 aft] a :ile1 enl>ge exp]i5ce4 ,husb&m5's lore is pr(\nd1 practical1 poetic1 sup]/iti\s1 b x is s+ul>ly /agnant4 ,! cycle ( natural *anges goes its p]petual r\nd & ! pl\ghman's m9d1 caught 9 t n>r[ vortex1 plods & plods aft] ! seasons4 ,ap>t f an occasional flood1 dr\ght1 or pe/il5ce1 no?+ breaks 8 labori\s torpor4 ,! mo/ cursory inspection ( field & sky yields him in=mation en\gh = 8 ne$s4 ,practical k ) him is all in/9ct & tradition4 ,8 my?ology c = t v reason ride on nature ) a loos] re94 ,if at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 8 circum/ances are auspici\s & he feels practically secure1 he w h mu* leisure to rip5 inw>dly & to ?9k4 ,he ha/5 to unfold 9 m$itation ! ab/ract pot5tialities ( 8 m9d4 ,8 social & ideal passions1 8 aptitude = art & fancy1 w ar\se )9 him a f> ke5] & m v>i$ exp]i5ce ?an 8 out] life c supply4 ,yet all 8 =tunes cont9ue to be det]m9$ by ext]nal circum/ances & to h = _! !atre ?is giv5 & uncontrollable _w4 ,"s conception ( nature & ! gods--t is1 9 8 case1 "s my?ology--mu/ !re=e rema9 be=e him always & /& 9 8 m9d = ! real =ces controll+ exp]i5ce4 ,8 moral p[]s & int]e/s h meantime notably develop$4 ,8 s5se = social relations has gr[n cle> & full 9 proportion z 8 obs]vation ( nature has sunk into dull r\t9e4 ,consequ5tly1 ! my?s by :i* reality is repres5t$ lose1 s to speak1 _! bir?right & fir/ nationality4 ,!y pass "u ! empire ( ab/ract cogitation & spontane\s fancy4 ,!y become naturalis$ 9 ! m9d4 ,! poet cuts loose f nature & works out in/ead :atev] h9ts ( human "* or romantic /ory ! my? already supplies4 ,analogies drawn f moral & passionate exp]i5ce replace ! fur!r portraiture ( out] facts4 ,human ta/es1 habits1 & dreams ent] ! fable1 exp&+ x into "s little drama1 or "s my/ic anagram ( mortal life4 ,:ile 9 ! beg9n+ ! sacr$ poet _h transcrib$ no?+ b joy\s p]ceptions & famili> indu/rial or m>tial actions1 he n[ introduces intrigue1 +5i\s adv5tures1 & h]oic passions4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y may become moral ideals4 ,:5 we turn f ! !ology ( ! ,v$as to t ( ,hom] we see ?is revolution already accompli%$4 ,! new significance ( my?ology has obscur$ ! old1 & 0 a symbol = mat]ial facts has become a drama1 an apologue1 & an ideal4 ,?us "o function ( my?ology has be5 no?+ less ?an to c>ry religion ov] f sup]/ition into wisdom1 f an excuse & apology = magic into an ideal repres5tation ( moral goods4 ,9 8 impot5ce & sore ne$ a man appeals to magic2 ?is appeal he ju/ifies by imag9+ a purpose & a god beh9d ! natural ag5cy4 ,b aft] 8 acc\nts ) ! ph5om5a are settl$ by 8 own lab\r & pati5ce1 he cont9ues to be fasc9at$ by ! invisible _s he has evok$4 ,he *]i%es ?is image2 x becomes 8 companion1 8 pla/ic & unacc\ntable witness & refuge 9 all ! exig5cies ( life4 ,dwell+ 9 ! m9d cont9ually1 ! deity becomes acclimat$ !re2 ! wor%ip x receives end[s x ) :atev] p[]s & ideal faculties are mo/ fe>$ or hon\r$ by its vot>y4 ,n[ ! ?und] & ! pe/il5ce :i* 7 once its ess5ce come to be reg>d$ z its disguises & its foils4 ,fai? comes to consi/ 9 disreg>d+ :at x 0 once religion to reg>d1 namely1 ! ways ( =tune & ! conditions ( e>?ly happ9ess4 ,?us ! imag9ation sets up its ideals ov] aga9/ ! _w t occasion$ !m1 & my?ology1 in/ead ( *eat+ m5 ) false & magic aids to action1 moralises !m by pres5t+ an ideal /&>d = action & a p]fect object = contemplation4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sun-god moralis$4 ,if we consid] aga91 = in/ance1 ,apollo's v>i\s attributes & ! endless my?s connect$ ) 8 "n1 we %all f9d him *ang+ 8 ess5ce & =gett+ to be ! mat]ial sun 9 ord] to become ! light ( a cultivat$ _s4 ,at fir/ he is ! sky's *ild1 & has ! moon = tw9 si/]4 ,8 "m is an imp]sonation ( d>kness & my/]y4 ,he travels ye>ly f ! hyp]borean regions t[>d ! s\?1 & daily he trav]ses ! firmam5t 9 a *>iot4 ,he sleeps 9 a sea-nymph's bosom or rises f ! dawn's c\*4 ,9 all ?is we see cle>ly a sc>cely figurative description ( ! mat]ial sun & its motions4 ,a quasi-sci5tific fancy sp9s ^! fables almo/ inevitably to fill ! vacuum n yet occupi$ by a/ronomy4 ,su* my?s are inde$ compact$ out ( wond]s1 n inde$ to add wond] to !m 7= ! orig9al & greate/ m>vel p]si/s always 9 ! sky71 b to ent]ta9 u ) pleasant consid]ation ( !m & ) _! assimilation to our own f9e feats4 ,?is assimilation is unavoidable 9 a poet ignorant ( physics1 :om human life mu/ supply ) all 8 vocabul>y & similes4 ,=tunately 9 ?is ne$ ( introduc+ romance into ph5om5a lies ! leav5 t is to leav5 ! lump1 ! subtle influ5ce t is to moralise religion4 ,= pres5tly ,apollo becomes a slay] ( mon/]s 7a function no god c p]=m until he has ceas$ to be a mon/] himself71 he becomes ! lovely & valor\s *ampion ( humanity1 ! giv] ( prophecy1 ( music1 ( lyric song1 ev5 ! patron ( m$ic9e & gymna/ics4 ,sid5ote3 ,! leav5 ( religion is moral idealism4 ,:at a humane & rational trans=mation6 ,! _s ( ,socrates 0 old] ?an ! man & _h long be5 at "w 9 ! ,greeks4 ,int]e/ _h be5 transf]r$ f nature to art1 f ! s\rces to ! fruits ( life4 ,we 9 ^! days are accu/om$ z a matt] ( c\rse to associate religion ) ideal int]e/s4 ,our piety1 unlike our b>b>\s pan!i/ic !ology1 has long lo/ sight ( its rudim5t>y mat]ial object1 & habituat$ u to ! wor%ip ( human sanctity & human love4 ,we h ne$ all ! m to rememb] h[ sl[ly & reluctantly religion has suff]$ spiritualisation1 h[ imp]fectly z yet its sup]/iti\s orig9 has be5 outgr[n4 ,we h ne$ to retrace ) ! greate/ att5tion ! /eps by :i* a moral value has be5 ins9uat$ into :at w\ld o!rwise be no?+ b a m$ley ( magic rites & poetic physics4 ,x is ?is subm]g$ idealism :i* alone1 9 an age t %\ld h f9ally le>n$ h[ to op]ate 9 nature & h[ to conceive h] processes1 c\ld /ill w9 = religion a philosoph]'s att5tion or a legislator's m]cy4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,hebraic ,,tradition ,sid5ote3 ,phases ( ,hebraism4 ,z ! ,v$as (f] a glimpse into ! antec$5ts ( ,greek my?ology1 s ,hebrew /udies op5 up vi/as into ! antec$5ts ( ,*ri/ian dogma4 ,*ri/ianity 9 its ,patri/ic =m 0 an adaptation ( ,hebrew religion to ! ,grco-,roman _w1 & lat]1 9 ! ,prote/ant movem5t1 a readaptation ( ! same to :at we may call ! ,teutonic _s4 ,9 ! fir/ adaptation1 ,hebrew positivism 0 wond]fully ref9$1 trans=m$ into a religion ( r$emption1 & end[$ ) a semi-pagan my?ology1 a pseudo-,platonic metaphysics1 & a quasi-,roman organisation4 ,9 ! second adaptation1 ,*ri/ianity receiv$ a new basis & /&>d 9 ! spontane\s fai? ( ! individual2 &1 z ! traditions ?us und]m9$ 9 pr9ciple gradually dropp$ away1 x 0 r$uc$ by ! ,g]man !ologians to a romantic & my/ical pan!ism4 ,?r\gh\t its trans=mations1 h[ev]1 ,*ri/ianity rema9s indebt$ to ! ,jews n only = its f\nd]1 b = ! nucleus ( its dogma1 cult1 & e?ical doctr9e4 ,if ! religion ( ! ,jews1 !re=e1 %\ld disclose its orig91 ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity w\ld also be manife/4 ,n[ ! ,bible1 :5 critically /udi$1 cle>ly reveals ! s\rce1 if n ( ! e>lie/ religion ( ,israel1 at lea/ ( ^? elem5ts 9 lat] ,jewi% fai? :i* h desc5d$ to u & =m$ ! k]nel ( ,*ri/ian revelation4 ,! e>li] ,hebrews1 z _! own records depict !m1 _h a my?ology & cultus extremely l t ( o!r ,semitic peoples4 ,x 0 natural religion--,i mean t religion :i* naturally expresses ! imag9ative life ( a nation accord+ to ! conceptions !re curr5t ab\t ! natural _w & to ! int]e/ !n upp]mo/ 9 m5's he>ts4 ,x 0 a religion )\t a cre$ or scripture or f\nd] or cl]gy4 ,x consi/$ 9 local rites1 9 lun> fea/s1 9 soo?say+s & oracles1 9 leg5ds ab\t div9e app>itions commemorat$ 9 ! spots !y _h made holy4 ,^! spots1 z 9 all ! re/ ( ! _w1 7 tombs1 wells1 great trees1 &1 above all1 ! tops ( m\nta9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,israel's tribal mono!ism4 ,a w&]+ tribe1 at once oppress$ & aggressive1 z ,israel evid5tly 0 f ! beg9n+ is consci\s ( no?+ s mu* z ( its tribal unity4 ,to protect ! tribe is accord+ly ! *ief function ( its god4 ,:atev] "* ,jehovah may orig9ally h _h1 :e!r a /orm-god ( ,s9ai or ( ,ar>at1 or a sacr$ bull1 or ea* ( ^! by aff9ity & confusion ) ! o!r1 :5 ! ,israelites _h once adopt$ him z _! god !y c\ld see no?+ ess5tial 9 him b 8 p[] to protect !m 9 ! l&s !y _h conqu]$4 ,to ?is exclusive devotion ( ,jehovah to ,israel1 ,israel respond$ by a devotion to ,jehovah no less exclusive4 ,!y neglect$1 :5 at home1 ! wor%ip ( e o!r div9ity1 & lat] ev5 :ile travell+ abroad2 & !y t5d$ to d5y altoge!r1 fir/ ! comp>able p[] & f9ally ev5 ! exi/5ce ( o!r gods4 ,sid5ote3 ,problems involv$4 ,israel 0 a small p ov]%ad[$ by great empires1 & its political situation 0 always highly prec>i\s4 ,aft] a brief p]iod ( comp>ative vig\r "u ,david & ,solomon 7a p]iod aft]w>d idealis$ ) t ori5tal imag9ation :i*1 creat+ s few glories1 dreams ( s _m7 !y decl9$ visibly t[>d an inevitable absorption by _! neighb\rs4 ,b1 accord+ to ! significance :i* religion !n _h 9 ,israel1 ! ru9 ( ! /ate w\ld h put ,jehovah's hon\r & p[] 9 jeop>dy4 ,! nation & its god 7 l body & s\l2 x occurr$ to no "o z yet to imag9e t ! "o c\ld survive ! o!r4 ,a few sceptical & unpatriotic m9ds1 despair+ ( ! republic1 might turn to ! wor%ip ( ,baal or ( ! />s invok$ by ! ,assyrians1 hop+ ?us to save !mselves & _! private =tunes by a timely *ange ( allegiance4 ,b ! true ,jew _h a vehem5t & un%akable _s4 ,he c\ld n all[ ! wayw>dness ( ev5ts to upset 8 convictions or ! *]i%$ habits ( 8 s\l4 ,accord+ly he be?\ght himself ( a new way ( expla9+ & meet+ ! imm95t cata/rophe4 ,! prophets1 = to !m ! revolution 9 "q 0 due1 conceiv$ t ! cause ( ,israel's mis=tunes might be n ,jehovah's weakness b 8 wra?--a wra? k9dl$ aga9/ ! immorality1 lukew>mness1 & infidelity ( ! p4 ,rep5tance & a *ange ( life1 toge!r ) a purification ( ! cultus1 w\ld br+ back prosp]ity4 ,x 0 too late1 p]haps1 to rescue ! :ole /ate4 ,b a remnant might be sav$ l a br& f ! burn+1 to be ! nucleus ( a great re/oration1 ! se$ ( a mighty p t %\ld live = ev] 9 godl9ess & pl5ty4 ,jehovah's p[] w\ld ?us be v9dicat$1 ev5 if ,israel 7 ru9$2 nay1 8 p[] w\ld be magnifi$ beyond any?+ =m]ly conceiv$1 s9ce n[ ! great p[]s ( ,asia w\ld be repres5t$ z 8 in/rum5ts 9 ! *a/isem5t ( 8 p4 ,sid5ote3 ,! prophets put new w9e 9 old bottles4 ,^! views1 if we reg>d$ !m f ! /&po9t common 9 !ology z attempts to re-express ! primitive fai?1 w\ld h to be condemn$ z absolutely h]etical & spuri\s4 ,b ! prophets 7 n int]pret+ docum5ts or traditions2 !y 7 publi%+ _! own political exp]i5ce4 ,!y 7 !mselves inspir$4 ,!y saw ! id5tity ( virtue & happ9ess1 ! dep5d5ce ( success ^u conduct4 ,?is new tru? !y ann\nc$ 9 traditional language by say+ t ,jehovah's fav\r 0 to be won only by righte\sness & t vice & folly ali5at$ 8 goodwill4 ,_! moral insight 0 g5u9e2 yet by virtue ( ! my?ical expression !y c\ld n well avoid & 9 respect to ! old or?odoxy1 _! doctr9e 0 a subt]fuge1 ! fir/ ( ^? aft]-?\ghts & +5i\s re9t]pretations by :i* fai? is cont9ually =c$ to cov] up its initial blund]s4 ,= ! ,jews _h believ$ t ) su* a ,god !y 7 safe 9 any case2 b n[ !y 7 told t1 to reta9 8 protection1 !y mu/ practice j ^? virtues by :i* ! hea!n also might h be5 made prosp]\s & great4 ,x 0 a true doctr9e1 & highly salut>y1 b we ne$ n wond] t be=e be+ v5]at$ ! prophets 7 /on$4 ,! ideal ( ?is new prophetic religion 0 /ill :olly mat]ial & political4 ,! virtues1 emphasis$ & made ! *ief m>k ( a religi\s life1 7 recomm5d$ m]ely z magic means to propitiate ! deity1 & consequ5tly to insure public prosp]ity4 ,! ?\ght t virtue is a natural excell5ce1 ! ideal expression ( human life1 c\ld n be expect$ to impress ^? vehem5t b>b>ians any m ?an x has impress$ _! myriad desc5dants & disciples1 ,jewi%1 ,*ri/ian1 or ,moslem4 ,yet sup]/iti\s z ! new fai? /ill rema9$1 & magical z 0 ! efficacy x attribut$ to virtue1 ! fact t virtue r ?an burnt (f]+s 0 n[ end[$ ) miracul\s influ5ce & decl>$ to w9 ! fav\r ( heav51 prov$ two ?+s mo/ cr$itable to ! prophets3 9 ! fir/ place1 !y !mselves lov$ virtue1 else !y w\ld h>dly h imag9$ t ,jehovah lov$ x1 or h believ$ x to be ! only pa? to happ9ess2 & 9 ! second place1 !y saw t public ev5ts dep5d on m5's "* & conduct1 n on om5s1 sacrifices1 or int]cessions4 ,!re 0 accord+ly a s5se = bo? moral & political philosophy 9 ^! inspir$ orators4 ,by assign+ a magic value to morality !y gave a moral value to religion4 ,! imm$iate aim ( ?is morality--to propitiate ,jehovah--0 inde$ imag9>y1 & its ultimate aim--to re/ore ! k+dom ( ,israel--0 worldly2 yet t imag9>y aim cov]$1 9 ! =m ( a my?1 a s9c]e consecration to ! ideal1 :ile ! worldly purpose l$ to an almo/ sci5tific conception ( ! pr9ciples & movem5t ( e>?ly ?+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,inspiration & au?ority4 ,to ?is trans=mation 9 ! _s ( ! law1 ano!r almo/ z important correspond$ 9 ! lett]4 ,scripture 0 codifi$1 proclaim$1 & giv5 out =mally to be inspir$ by ,jehovah & writt5 by ,moses4 ,t all traditions1 leg5ds1 & rites 7 inspir$ & sacr$ 0 a matt] ( c\rse 9 antiquity4 ,nature 0 full ( gods1 & ! m9d1 ) its unacc\ntable dreams & p[]s1 c\ld n be )\t !m4 ,its inv5tions c\ld n be less oracul> ?an ! ?und] or ! flight ( birds4 ,israel1 l e o!r nation1 ?\ght its traditions div9e4 ,^! traditions1 h[ev]1 _h always be5 liv+ & ela/ic2 ! prophets !mselves gave pro( t inspiration 0 /ill a vital & human ?+4 ,x is all ! m rem>kable1 !re=e1 t :ile ! prophets 7 prep>+ _! campaign1 "u pressure ( ! same ?reat5$ annihilation1 ! same puritanical p>ty %\ld h edit$ a new code ( laws & attribut$ x retroactively to ,moses4 ,:ile ! prophet's lips 7 be+ t\*$ by ! coal ( fire1 ! prie/s & k+ 9 _! conclave 7 e/abli%+ ! ,bible & ! ,*ur*4 ,x is easy to suspect1 f ! acc\nts we h1 t a pi\s fraud 0 p]petrat$ on ?is occasion2 b p]haps ! f9d+ ( a =gott5 book ( ! ,law & its proclamation by ,josiah1 aft] consult+ a c]ta9 prophetess1 7 n s remote 9 ess5ce f prophetic s9c]ity4 ,9 an age :5 e prophet1 see+ :at 0 ne$ful politically1 c\ld cry1 8,s sai? ! ,"l10 x c\ld h>dly be illegitimate = ! prie/s1 see+ :at 0 exp$i5t legally1 to decl>e1 8,s said ,moses40 ,consci5ce1 9 a primitive & impetu\s p1 may express itself 9 an apocryphal mann] :i* 9 a critical age consci5ce w\ld altoge!r exclude4 ,x w\ld h be5 h>dly conceivable t :at 0 obvi\sly "r & necess>y %\ld n be ! w ( ,jehovah1 manife/$ ( old to ! fa!rs 9 ! des]t & n[ aga9 :isp]$ 9 _! *ildr5's he>ts4 ,to contrive a /rict] obs]vance 0 an act at once ( exp]im5tal prud5ce--a means ( mak+ de/9y1 p]haps1 less unfav\rable--& an act ( m f]v5t wor%ip--a r5ewal ( fai? 9 ,jehovah1 to ^: h&s ! nation 0 intru/$ m solemnly & irrevocably ?an ev]4 ,sid5ote3 ,beg9n+s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is pi\s exp]im5t fail$ mo/ signally4 ,j]usalem 0 tak51 ! ,temple de/roy$1 & ! fl[] ( ! p c>ri$ into exile4 ,! effect ( failure1 h[ev]1 0 n to discr$it ! ,law & ! ,cov5ant1 n[ once = all adopt$ by ! un%akable ,jews4 ,on ! contr>y1 :5 !y return$ f exile !y re-e/abli%$ ! !ocracy ) great] rig\r ?an ev]1 add+ all ! m9ute obs]vances1 rituali/ic & social1 en%r9$ 9 ,leviticus4 ,israel became an ecclesia/ical community4 ,! ,temple1 half =tress1 half sanctu>y1 res\nd$ ) p]petual psalms4 ,piety 0 f$ on a s5se at once ( consecration & ( guidance4 ,all 0 prescrib$1 & to fulfil ! ,law1 precisely because x involv$ s complete &1 z ! _w might say1 s arbitr>y a regim51 became a preci\s sacrifice1 a cont9ual act ( religion4 ,sid5ote3 ,bigotry turn$ into a pr9ciple4 ,dogmas are at _! be/ :5 nobody d5ies !m1 = !n _! falsehood sleeps1 l t ( an unconsci\s metaphor1 & _! moral function is dis*>g$ in/9ctively4 ,!y c\nt & are n def9$1 & ! side ( !m t is n deceptive is ! "o t comes =w>d4 ,:at 0 condemnable 9 ! ,jews 0 n t !y ass]t$ ! div9ity ( _! law1 = t !y did ) sub/antial s9c]ity & tru?4 ,_! crime is to h d5i$ ! equal pr]ogative ( o!r nations' laws & deities1 = ?is !y did1 n f critical insight or intellectual scruples1 b out ( pure bigotry1 conceit1 & /upidity4 ,!y did n want o!r nations also to h a god4 ,! moral gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 :i* ! ,jews are prais$ = hav+ fir/ ass]t$1 did n mean = !m t nature %[s a g5]ic b5evol5ce t[>d life & reason :]ev] ^! arise4 ,su* a moral gov]nm5t might h be5 conceiv$ by a pagan philosoph] & 0 n taught 9 ,israel until1 selfi%ness hav+ be5 outgr[n1 ! birds & ! hea!n 7 also plac$ "u div9e protection4 ,:at ! moral gov]nm5t ( ?+s meant :5 x 0 fir/ ass]t$ 0 t ,jehovah expressly direct$ ! de/9ies ( hea!n nations & ! c\rse ( nature itself = ! f9al glorification ( ! ,jews4 ,no civilis$ p _h ev] _h su* pret5sions be=e4 ,!y all recognis$ "o ano!r's religions1 if n z lit]ally true 7= "s famili>ity is ne$$ to fo/] t illusion71 c]ta9ly z m or less sacr$ & significant4 ,_h ! ,jews n r5d]$ !mselves odi\s to mank9d by ?is arrogance1 & taught ,*ri/ians & ,moslems ! same fanaticism1 ! nature ( religion w\ld n h be5 falsifi$ among u & we %\ld n n[ h s mu* to apologise = & to retract4 ,sid5ote3 ,p5ance accept$4 ,israel's calamities1 ( :i* ! prophets saw only ! beg9n+1 work$ a notable spiritualisation 9 its religion4 ,! happy ?\ght ( attribut+ mis=tune to wick$ness rema9$ a p]man5t elem5t 9 ! cre$2 b z no scrupul\s adm9i/ration ( rites1 no puritanism1 no good consci5ce1 c\ld avail to improve ! political situation1 x became ne$ful = ! fai?ful to reconsid] _! idea ( happ9ess4 ,s9ce hol9ess mu/ w9 div9e fav\r1 & ,israel 0 und\bt$ly holy1 ! m>ks ( div9e fav\r mu/ be look$ = 9 ,israel's hi/ory4 ,to h be5 br\ght 9 leg5d>y antiquity out ( ,egypt 0 some?+2 to h be5 deliv]$ f captivity 9 ,babylon 0 m2 yet ^! signs ( fav\r c\ld n suffice unless !y 7 at ! same "t emblems ( hope4 ,b ,jewi% life _h meantime pass$ into a new phase3 x _h become pieti/ic1 prie/ly1 almo/ ascetic4 ,su* is ! might ( suff]+1 t a race ^: nature & traditions 7 alike positivi/ic c\ld = ! "t be+ f9d x sweet to wa% its h&s among ! innoc5t1 to love ! beauty ( ! ,"l's h\se1 & to praise him = ev] & ev]4 ,x 0 agre$ & settl$ beyond cavil t ,god lov$ 8 p & cont9ually bless$ !m1 & yet 9 ! _w ( m5 tribulation aft] tribulation did n cease to fall ^u !m4 ,!re 0 no issue b to ass]t 7:at s *a/5$ a _s c\ld n[ und]/&7 t tribulation endur$ = ! ,"l 0 itself bless$ness1 & ! sign ( "s my/ical election4 ,:om ! ,"l love? he *a/5e?2 s ! *os5 *ildr5 ( ,god 71 )\t p>adox1 to be look$ = among ! mo/ un=tunate ( e>?'s *ildr54 ,sid5ote3 ,*ri/ianity comb9es optimism & asceticism4 ,! prophets & psalmi/s _h already %[n "s beg9n+s ( ?is asceticism or inv]t$ worldl9ess4 ,! ,ess5es & ! e>ly ,*ri/ians made an explicit rev]sal ( anci5t ,jewi% conceptions on ?is po9t ! corn]-/one ( _! morality4 ,true1 ! old positivism rema9$ 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,tribulation 0 to be %ort-liv$4 ,v soon ! k+dom ( ,god w\ld be e/abli%$ & a dramatic ex*ange ( places w\ld ensue betwe5 ! pr\d & ! humble4 ,! mighty w\ld be hurl$ f _! seat1 ! l[ly fill$ ) good ?+s4 ,yet ins5sibly ! conception ( a k+dom ( ,god1 ( a !ocracy1 rec$$ or became spiritualis$4 ,! joys ( x 7 f9ally conceiv$ z immat]ial altoge!r1 contemplative1 & res]v$ = a life aft] dea?4 ,al?\gh ! (ficial & lit]al cre$ /ill spoke ( a day ( judgm5t1 a resurrection ( ! body1 & a ,new ,j]usalem1 ^! ?+s 7 in/9ctively tak5 by ,*ri/ian piety 9 a m or less symbolic s5se4 ,a long+ = gross spectacul> greatness1 prolong$ life1 & _m *ildr51 aft] ! good old ,hebraic fa%ion1 _h really no?+ to d ) ! ,*ri/ian notion ( salvation4 ,salvation consi/$ r 9 hav+ surr5d]$ all desire = su* ?+s1 & all expectation ( happ9ess to be d]iv$ f !m4 ,?us ! prophet's doctr9e t n prosp]ity absolutely & unconditionally1 b prosp]ity m]it$ by virtue1 0 ! portion ( ,god's p *ang$ by ins5sible gradations to an ascetic belief t prosp]ity 0 altoge!r ali5 to virtue & t a believ]'s true happ9ess w\ld be su* z ,sa9t ,francis pa9ts x3 ^u "s blu/]+ w9t]'s night1 aft] a long j\rney1 to h ! conv5t door %ut 9 "o's face ) _m mutt]$ ?reats & curses4 ,sid5ote3 ,reason smo!r$ betwe5 ! two4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian e?ics ! p5dulum has swung betwe5 irrational extremes1 )\t ev] /opp+ at t po9t ( equilibrium at :i* alone re/ is possible4 ,yet ?is po9t 0 sometimes trav]s$ & includ$ 9 ! gyrations ( our torm5t$ ance/ral consci5ce4 ,x 0 pass$1 = example1 at ! mom5t :5 ! prophets saw t x 0 human int]e/ t gov]n$ "r & wrong & conduct t creat$ de/9y4 ,b ! my?ical =m 9 :i* ?is novel pr9ciple naturally pres5t$ itself to ! prophets' m9ds1 & ! mixture ( sup]/ition & national bigotry :i* rema9$ 9 _! philosophy1 contam9at$ its tru? & 7 m prolific & contagi\s ?an its rational elem5ts4 ,h5ce ! incapacity ( s mu* subsequ5t ?9k+ to rea* cle> ideas1 & ! failure ( ,*ri/ianity1 ) its prolong$ discipl9e & opportunities1 to e/abli% a s]i\s moral education4 ,! p]petual pa9ful readju/m5ts ( ! la/ tw5ty c5turies h be5 adju/m5ts to false facts & imag9>y laws2 s t nei!r c\ld a wor?y conception ( prosp]ity & ( ! good be sub/itut$ = hea!n & ,hebrew crudities on t subject1 nor c\ld ! natural goals ( human endeav\r come to be recognis$ & =mulat$1 b all 0 left to bl9d impulse or *ance tradition4 ,sid5ote3 ,religion made an in/itution4 ,^! defeats ( reason are n to be wond]$ at1 if we may inde$ speak ( ! defeat ( :at nev] has l$ an army4 ,! primitive naturalism ( ! ,hebrews 0 n yet sup]s$$ by prophetic doctr9es :5 a new =m ( mat]ialism arose to /ifle & d5aturalise :at 0 rational 9 ^? doctr9es4 ,ev5 be=e hope ( e>?ly empire to be secur$ by ,jehovah's fav\r _h q vani%$1 claims _h aris5 to sup]natural k f\nd$ on revelation4 ,my?ology took a :olly new %ape & alliance ) ,god acquir$ a new mean+ & implication4 ,= my?ology grew1 s to speak1 d\ble2 moral or naturali/ic my?s 7 n[ re9=c$ by o!rs ( a hi/orical "*1 to ! effect t ! =m] my?s _h be5 reveal$ sup]naturally4 ,at ! same "t ! sign ( div9e protection & fav\r ceas$ to be prim>ily political4 ,religion n[ *iefly boa/$ to possess ! ,tru?1 & ) ! ,tru? to possess ! secret ( a p]fectly metaphysical & po/hum\s happ9ess4 ,revelation1 enigmatically conta9$ 9 ,scripture1 f\nd its necess>y explication 9 !ology1 :ile ! prie/s1 n[ gu>dians ( ! keys ( heav51 naturally enl>g$ _! au?ority ov] ! e>?4 ,9 f9e1 ! poetic leg5ds & patri>*al wor%ip t _h =m]ly made up ! religion ( ,israel 7 trans=m$ into two concrete & =midable eng9es--! ,bible & ! ,*ur*4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,epic ,sid5ote3 ,! ess5ce ( ! good n adv5titi\s b expressive4 ,revolutions are ambigu\s ?+s4 ,_! success is g5]ally proportionate to _! p[] ( adaptation & to ! reabsorption )9 !m ( :at !y rebell$ aga9/4 ,a ?\s& re=ms h left ! _w z corrupt z ev]1 = ea* successful re=m has f\nd$ a new in/itution1 & ?is in/itution has br$ its new & cong5ial abuses4 ,:at is capable ( truly purify+ ! _w is n ! m]e agitation ( its elem5ts1 b _! organisation into a natural body t %all exude :at r$\nds & absorb or g5]ate :at is lack+ to ! p]fect expression ( its s\l4 ,:5ce fet* ?is sem9al =ce & creative ideal8 ,x mu/ evid5tly lie already 9 ! matt] x is to organise2 o!rwise x w\ld h no aff9ity to t matt]1 no p[] ov] x1 & no ideality or value 9 respect to ! exi/5ces ^: /&>d & goal x 0 to be4 ,!re c be no goods antec$5t to ! natures !y b5efit1 no ideals prior to ! wills !y def9e4 ,a revolution mu/ f9d its /r5g? & legitimacy n 9 ! re=m]'s consci5ce & dream b 9 ! temp] ( t society :i* he w\ld trans=m2 = no trans=mation is ei!r p]man5t or desirable :i* does n =w>d ! spontane\s life ( ! _w1 advanc+ ^? issues t[>d :i* x is already inw>dly direct$4 ,h[ %\ld a gospel br+ glad tid+s1 save by ann\nc+ :at 0 f ! beg9n+ native to ! he>t8 ,sid5ote3 ,a univ]sal religion mu/ int]pret ! :ole _w4 ,no judgm5t c\ld well be %all[]1 !re=e1 ?an t :i* condemns a great religion = n be+ fai?ful to t local & p>tial impulse :i* may fir/ h laun*$ x into ! _w4 ,a great religion has some?+ bett] to consid]3 ! consci5ce & imag9ation ( ^? x m9i/]s to4 ,! prophet :o ann\nc$ x fir/ 0 a prophet only because he _h a ke5] s5se & cle>] premonition ?an o!r m5 ( _! common necessities2 & he loses 8 function & is a prophet no long] :5 ! public ne$ beg9s to outrun 8 intuitions4 ,c\ld ,hebraism spread ov] ! ,roman ,empire & take ! "n ( ,*ri/ianity )\t add+ any?+ to its native inspiration8 ,is x to be lam5t$ t we are n all ,jews8 ,yet :at makes ! diff]5ce is n ! tea*+ ( ,jesus--:i* is pure ,hebraism r$uc$ to its spiritual ess5ce--b ! wor%ip ( ,*ri/--some?+ p]fectly ,greek4 ,*ri/ianity w\ld h rema9$ a ,jewi% sect _h x n be5 made at once speculative1 univ]sal1 & ideal by ! infusion ( ,greek ?\ght1 & at ! same "t pla/ic & devotional by ! adoption ( pagan habits4 ,! inc>nation ( ,god 9 man1 & ! div9isation ( man 9 ,god are pagan conceptions1 expressions ( pagan religi\s s5tim5t & philosophy4 ,yet :at w\ld ,*ri/ianity be )\t !m8 ,x w\ld h lo/ n only its !ology1 :i* might be sp>$1 b its spiritual aspiration1 its arti/ic aff9ities1 & ! secret ( its metaphysical *>ity & joy4 ,x w\ld h rema9$ unconsci\s1 z ! ,gospel is1 t ! h& or ! m9d ( man c ev] con/ruct any?+4 ,among ! ,jews !re 7 no lib]al int]e/s = ! ideal to express4 ,!y _h only elem5t>y human exp]i5ce--! p]petual ,ori5tal r\nd ( piety & s]vitude 9 ! bosom ( a scor*$1 exhau/$ c\ntry4 ,a disillusion$ eye1 survey+ su* a _w1 c\ld f9d no?+ !re to deta9 x2 religion1 :5 :olly spiritual1 c\ld d no?+ b succ\r ! afflict$1 und]/& & =give ! s9ful1 & pass ?r\gh ! sad pageant ( life unspott$ & resign$4 ,its pity = human ills w\ld g h& 9 h& ) a my/ic plebeian ins5sibility to natural excell5ce4 ,x w\ld brea! :at ,tacitus1 ?9k+ ( ! lib]al life1 c\ld call odium g5]is humani2 x w\ld be inimical to human g5ius4 ,sid5ote3 ,d\ble appeal ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re 71 we may say1 two ?+s 9 ,apo/olic tea*+ :i* r5d]$ x capable ( conv]t+ ! _w4 ,"o 0 ! lat] ,jewi% morality & my/icism1 beautifully express$ 9 ,*ri/'s p>ables & maxims1 & illu/rat$ by 8 miracles1 ^? cures & absolutions :i* he 0 ready to disp5se1 :atev] _! s9s1 to su* z call$ ^u 8 "n4 ,?is democratic & untrammell$ *>ity c\ld p[]fully appeal to an age dis5*ant$ ) ! _w1 & especially to ^? l[] classes :i* pagan polity _h cov]$ ) scorn & condemn$ to hopeless mis]y4 ,! o!r po9t ( contact :i* e>ly ,*ri/ianity _h ) ! public ne$ 0 ! !me x (f]$ to contemplation1 ! philosophy ( hi/ory :i* x introduc$ into ! we/]n _w1 & ! delici\s unfa?omable my/]ies into :i* x laun*$ ! fancy4 ,"h1 too1 ! figure ( ,*ri/ 0 ! c5tre = all eyes4 ,its l[l9ess1 its simplicity1 its humanity 7 inde$1 = a :ile1 ob/acles to its acceptance2 !y did n really l5d !mselves to ! metaphysical int]pretation :i* 0 requir$4 ,yet ev5 ,greek fable 0 n )\t its ,apollo t5d+ flocks & its ,demet] m\rn+ = h] lo/ *ild & s]v+ 9 meek disguise ! *ild ( ano!r4 ,feel+ 0 ripe = a my?ology load$ ) pa?os4 ,! humble life1 ! homilies1 ! suff]+s ( ,jesus c\ld be felt 9 all _! incomp>able beauty all ! m :5 ! t5d]ness & trag$y ( !m1 o!rwise too poignant1 7 reliev$ by ! /ory ( 8 miracul\s bir?1 8 glori\s resurrection1 & 8 re/or$ div9ity4 ,sid5ote3 ,hebrew metaphors become ,greek my?s4 ,! gospel1 ?us gr[n acceptable to ! pagan m9d1 01 h[ev]1 b a gra9 ( mu/>d-se$ de/9$ to bran* & fl[] 9 its new soil 9 a miracul\s mann]4 ,n only 0 ! ,greek & ,roman to refre% himself "u its %ade1 b birds ( o!r climates 7 to build _! ne/s1 at lea/ = a season1 9 its bran*es4 ,hebraism1 :5 ?us exp&$ & paganis$1 %[$ _m new *>act]i/ics native to ! m9ds :i* _h n[ adopt$ & trans=m$ x4 ,! ,jews1 = in/ance1 l o!r ,ori5tals1 _h a figurative way ( speak+ & ?9k+2 _! poetry & religion 7 full ( ! mo/ viol5t metaphors4 ,n[ to ! classic m9d viol5t & improp] metaphors 7 abhorr5t4 ,unit+1 z x did1 cle> reason ) lively fancy1 x c\ld n conceive "o ?+ to be ano!r1 nor reli% ! figure ( spee* t s describ$ x1 hop+ by t un?9kable phrase to sugge/ its aff9ities4 ,b ! classic m9d c\ld well conceive trans=mation1 ( :i* inde$ nature is full2 & 9 ,greek fables any?+ might *ange its =m1 become some?+ else1 & display its pla/icity1 n by imp]fectly be+ _m ?+s at once1 b by be+ ! p]fection ( _m ?+s 9 succession4 ,:ile metaphor 0 ?us un9telligible & confus+ to ! ,greek1 metamorphosis 0 p]fectly famili> to him4 ,:]ev] ,hebrew tradition1 accord+ly1 us$ viol5t metaphors1 puzzl+ to ! ,greek ,*ri/ian1 he rationalis$ !m by imag9+ a metamorphosis in/ead2 ?us1 = in/ance1 ! metaphors ( ! ,la/ ,supp]1 s h>mless & vaguely satisfy+ to an ,ori5tal audi5ce1 became ! doctr9e ( transub/antiation--a doctr9e :]e images are inde$ lack+ to illu/rate ! concepts1 b :]e ! concepts !mselves are n confus$4 ,= t bread %\ld become fle% & w9e blood is n impossible1 see+ t ! *ange occurs daily 9 dige/ion2 :at ! ass]tion 9 ?is case contradicts is m]ely ! evid5ce ( s5se4 ,?us at _m a turn 9 ,*ri/ian tradition a metaphysical my/]y takes ! place ( a poetic figure2 ! =m] n[ express+ by a little miracul\s drama ! emotion :i* ! latt] express$ by a t5tative phrase4 ,& ! emotion is !reby imm5sely cl>ifi$ & /r5g!n$2 x is1 9 fact1 = ! fir/ "t really express$4 ,= ! idea t ,*ri/ /&s ^u ! alt> & m+les /ill ) our human fle% is an explicit ass]tion t 8 influ5ce & love are p]petual2 :]eas ! orig9al p>able reveal$ at mo/ ! wi% & aspiration1 contr>y to fact1 t !y might h be5 s4 ,by sub/itut+ embodim5t = allegory1 ! ,greek m9d ?us a*iev$ some?+ v cong5ial to its habits3 x imag9$ ! full & adequate expression1 n 9 words b 9 exi/5ces1 ( ! emotion to be convey$4 ,! ,eu*>i/ is to ! ,la/ ,supp] :at a c5taur is to a horseman or a trag$y to a song4 ,simil>ly a ,dantesque conception ( hell & p>adise embodies 9 liv+ detail ! innoc5t apologue 9 ! gospel ab\t a sep>ation ( ! %eep f ! goats4 ,! result is a *im]ical metaphysics1 conta9+ mu* :i*1 9 ref]5ce to exi/+ facts1 is absurd2 b t metaphysics1 :5 tak5 = :at x truly is1 a new my?ology1 utt]s ! subtl] secrets ( ! new religion n less +5i\sly & poetically ?an pagan my?ology reflect$ ! daily %ifts 9 nature & 9 human life4 ,sid5ote3 ,hebrew philosophy ( hi/ory id5tifi$ ) ,platonic cosmology4 ,metaphysics became n only a sub/itute = allegory b at ! same "t a backgr\nd = hi/ory4 ,neo-,platonism _h enl>g$1 9 a way suit$ to ! speculative dem&s ( ! "t1 ! cosmos conceiv$ by ,greek sci5ce4 ,9 an intelligible region1 unkn[n to cosmography & peopl$ at fir/ by ! ,platonic ideas & aft]w>d by ,ari/otle's solit>y ,god1 !re 0 n[ ! ,absolute ,"o1 too exalt$ = any pr$icates1 b manife/+ its ess5ce 9 ! fir/ place 9 a supreme ,intellig5ce1 ! second hypo/asis ( a ,tr9ity2 & 9 ! second place 9 ! ,s\l ( ! ,_w1 ! ?ird hypo/asis1 already relative to natural exi/5ce4 ,n[ ! ,platoni/s conceiv$ ^! entities to be p]man5t & immutable2 ! physical _w itself _h a mean+ & an expressive value1 l a /atue1 b no significant hi/ory4 ,:5 ! ,jewi% notion ( creation & div9e gov]nm5t ( ! _w pres5t$ itself to ! ,greeks1 !y ha/5$ to assimilate x to _! famili> notions ( imitation1 expression1 f9ality1 & significance4 ,& :5 ! ,*ri/ians spoke ( ,*ri/ z ! ,son ( ,god1 :o n[ sat at 8 "r h& 9 ! heav5s1 _! ,platonic disciples imm$iately ?\ght ( ! ,n\s or ,logos1 ! div9e ,intellig5ce1 inc>nate z !y _h always believ$ 9 ! :ole _w1 & yet truly ! sub/ance & ess5ce ( div9ity4 ,to say t ?is inc>nation _h tak5 place pre-em95tly1 or ev5 exclusively1 9 ,*ri/ 0 n an impossible concession to make to pi\s en?usiasm1 at lea/ if ! philosophy involv$ 9 ! old conception c\ld be reta9$ & embodi$ 9 ! new or?odoxy4 ,sacr$ hi/ory c\ld ?us be int]pret$ z a temporal execution ( et]nal decrees1 & ! plan ( salvation z an ideal necessity4 ,cosmic scope & metaphysical mean+ 7 giv5 to ,hebrew t5ets1 s unspeculative 9 _! orig9al int5tion1 & x became possible ev5 = a ,platonic philosoph] to decl>e himself a ,*ri/ian4 ,sid5ote3 ,! result+ or?odox sy/em4 ,! eclectic ,*ri/ian philosophy ?us eng5d]$ con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ complete1 elaborate1 & impressive products ( ! human m9d4 ,! ru9s ( m ?an "o civilisation & ( m ?an "o philosophy 7 ransack$ to furni% mat]ials = ?is heav5ly ,byzantium4 ,x 0 a my? circum/antial & sob] en\gh 9 tone to pass = an acc\nt ( facts1 & yet load$ ) en\gh miracle1 poetry1 & subm]g$ wisdom to take ! place ( a moral philosophy & pres5t :at seem$ at ! "t an adequate ideal to ! he>t4 ,_m a mortal1 9 all subsequ5t ages1 p]plex$ & ab&on$ 9 ?is ungov]nable _w1 has set sail resolutely = t en*ant$ isl& & f\nd !re a semblance ( happ9ess1 its n>r[ limits give s mu* room = ! s\l & its p5it5tial soil bre$s s _m consolations4 ,true1 ! brief "t & n>r[ argum5t into :i* ,*ri/ian imag9ation squeezes ! _w mu/ seem to a speculative pan!i/ *ildi% & poor1 involv+1 z x does1 a fatu\s p]v]sion ( nature & hi/ory & a ridicul\s emphasis laid on local ev5ts & p>tial int]e/s4 ,yet j ?is viol5t r$uction ( ?+s to a human /ature1 ?is half-innoc5t1 half-arrogant assumption t :at is important = a man mu/ control ! :ole univ]se1 is :at made ,*ri/ian philosophy orig9ally appeal+ & :at /ill ar\ses1 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s1 en?usia/ic belief 9 its b5efic5ce & f9ality4 ,nor %\ld we wond] at ?is endur+ illusion4 ,man is /ill 9 8 *ildhood2 = he _c respect an ideal :i* is n impos$ on him aga9/ 8 w1 nor c he f9d satisfaction 9 a good creat$ by 8 own action4 ,he is afraid ( a univ]se t leaves him alone4 ,fre$om appals him2 he c appreh5d 9 x no?+ b t$ium & desolation1 s immature is he & s b>r5 does he ?9k himself to be4 ,he has to imag9e :at ! angels w\ld say1 s t 8 own good impulses 7:i* create ^? angels7 may ga9 9 au?ority1 & none ( ! dang]s t surr\nd 8 poor life make ! lea/ impression ^u him until he he>s t !re are hobgobl9s hid+ 9 ! wood4 ,8 moral life1 to take %ape at all1 mu/ appe> to him 9 fanta/ic symbols4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! symbols is !re=e ! hi/ory ( 8 s\l4 ,sid5ote3 ,! brief drama ( ?+s4 ,!re 0 9 ! beg9n+1 s runs ! ,*ri/ian /ory1 a great cele/ial ,k+1 wise & good1 surr\nd$ by a c\rt ( w+$ musicians & mess5g]s4 ,he _h exi/$ f all et]nity1 b _h always int5d$1 :5 ! "r mom5t %\ld come1 to create temporal be+s1 imp]fect copies ( himself 9 v>i\s degrees4 ,^!1 ( :i* man 0 ! *ief1 began _! c>e] 9 ! ye> #djjd ,b4,c41 & !y w\ld live on an indef9ite "t1 possibly1 t *ronological symmetry might n be violat$1 until ,a4,d4 #djjd4 ,! op5+ & close ( ?is drama 7 m>k$ by two magnific5t tableaux4 ,9 ! fir/1 9 ob$i5ce to ! ^w ( ,god1 sun1 moon1 & />s1 & e>? ) all h] plants & animals1 assum$ _! appropriate places1 & nature sprang into be+ ) all h] laws4 ,! fir/ man 0 made out ( clay1 by a special act ( ,god1 & ! fir/ woman 0 fa%ion$ f "o ( 8 ribs1 extract$ :ile he lay 9 a deep sleep4 ,!y 7 plac$ 9 an or*>d :]e !y (t5 c\ld see ,god1 its own]1 walk+ 9 ! cool ( ! ev5+4 ,he suff]$ !m to range at w & eat ( all ! fruits he _h plant$ save t ( "o tree only4 ,b !y1 incit$ by a devil1 transgress$ ?is s+le prohibition1 & 7 bani%$ f t p>adise ) a curse ^u _! head1 ! man to live by ! sweat ( 8 br[ & ! woman to be> *ildr5 9 lab\r4 ,^! *ildr5 possess$ f ! mom5t ( conception ! inord9ate natures :i* _! p>5ts _h acquir$4 ,!y 7 born to s9 & to f9d disord] & dea? ev]y:]e )9 & )\t !m4 ,at ! same "t ,god1 le/ ! "w ( 8 h&s %\ld :olly p]i%1 promis$ to r$eem 9 8 good season "s ( ,adam's *ildr5 & re/ore !m to a natural life4 ,?is r$emption 0 to come ultimately ?r\gh a desc5dant ( ,eve1 ^: foot %\ld bruise ! head ( ! s]p5t4 ,b x 0 to be prefigur$ by _m p>tial & special r$emptions4 ,?us1 ,noah 0 to be sav$ f ! deluge1 ,lot f ,sodom1 ,isaac f ! sacrifice1 ,moses f ,egypt1 ! captive ,jews f ,babylon1 & all fai?ful s\ls f hea!n =getfulness & idolatry4 ,= a c]ta9 tribe _h be5 set ap>t f ! beg9n+ to keep alive ! memory ( ,god's judgm5ts & promises1 :ile ! re/ ( mank9d1 ab&on$ to its natural depravity1 sank deep] & deep] into crimes & vanities4 ,! deluge t came to puni% ^! evils did n avail to cure !m4 8,! _w 0 r5ew$,a & ! e>? rose aga9 above ! bosom ( ! wat]s1 b 9 ?is r5ovation !re rema9$ et]nally "s trace ( div9e v5geance4 ,until ! deluge all nature _h be5 exce$+ly h>dy & vigor\s1 b by t va/ flood ( wat] :i* ,god _h spread out ov] ! e>?1 & by its long abid+ !re1 all saps 7 dilut$2 ! air1 *>g$ ) too d5se & heavy a moi/ure1 br$ rank] pr9ciples ( corruption4 ,! e>ly con/itution ( ! univ]se 0 weak5$1 & human life1 f /ret*+ z x _h =m]ly done to ne> a ?\s& ye>s1 grew gradually brief]4 ,h]bs & roots lo/ _! primitive pot5cy & /rong] food _h to be furni%$ to man by ! fle% ( o!r animals4444 ,dea? ga9$ ^u life & m5 felt !mselves ov]tak5 by a spe$i] *a/isem5t4 ,z day by day !y sank deep] 9 _! wick$ness1 x 0 b "r !y %\ld daily1 z x 71 /ick fa/] 9 _! woe4 ,! v *ange 9 n\ri%m5t made manife/ _! decl9e & degradation1 s9ce z !y became feebl] !y became also m voraci\s & blood-?ir/y40 ,h5ce=? !re 7 two spirits1 two p>ties1 or1 z ,sa9t ,augu/9e call$ !m1 two cities 9 ! _w4 ,! ,city ( ,satan1 :atev] its artifices 9 art1 w>1 or philosophy1 0 ess5tially corrupt & impi\s4 ,its joy 0 b a comic mask & its beauty ! :it5+ ( a sepul*re4 ,x /ood condemn$ be=e ,god & be=e man's bett] consci5ce by its vanity1 cruelty1 & secret mis]y1 by its ignorance ( all t x truly behov$ a man to "k :o 0 de/9$ to immortality4 ,lo/1 z x seem$1 )9 ?is ,babylon1 or visible only 9 its obscure & =gott5 purlieus1 liv$ on at ! same "t ! ,city ( ,god1 ! society ( all ! s\ls ,god pr$e/9$ to salvation2 a city :i*1 h[ev] humble & inconspicu\s x might seem on e>?1 c\nt$ its myriad transfigur$ citiz5s 9 heav51 & _h its de/9ies1 l its f\ndations1 9 et]nity4 ,to ?is ,city ( ,god belong$1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! patri>*s & ! prophets :o1 ?r\gh\t _! pla9tive & ard5t lives1 7 fai?ful to :at e*oes /ill rema9$ ( a primeval revelation1 & wait$ pati5tly = ! great] revelation to come4 ,to ! same city belong$ ! magi :o foll[$ a /> till x halt$ ov] ! /able 9 ,be?lehem2 ,simeon1 :o div9$ ! pres5t salvation ( ,israel2 ,john ! ,bapti/1 :o bore witness to ! same & made /raight its pa?2 & ,pet]1 to :om n fle% & blood1 b ! _s ( ! ,fa!r 9 heav51 reveal$ ! ,"l's div9ity4 ,= salvation _h inde$ come ) ! fulness ( "t1 n1 z ! c>nal ,jews _h imag9$ x1 9 ! =m ( an e>?ly re/oration1 b ?r\gh ! inc>nation ( ! ,son ( ,god 9 ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 8 dea? ^u a cross1 8 desc5t into hell1 & 8 resurrection at ! ?ird day accord+ to ! ,scriptures4 ,to ! same city belong$ f9ally all ^? :o1 believ+ 9 ! reality & efficacy ( ,*ri/'s mission1 reli$ on 8 m]its & foll[$ 8 comm&m5t ( une>?ly love4 ,all hi/ory 0 h5ce=? ess5tially no?+ b ! conflict betwe5 ^! two cities2 two moralities1 "o natural1 ! o!r sup]natural2 two philosophies1 "o rational1 ! o!r reveal$2 two beauties1 "o corporeal1 ! o!r spiritual2 two glories1 "o temporal1 ! o!r et]nal2 two in/itutions1 "o ! _w1 ! o!r ! ,*ur*4 ,^!1 :atev] _! mom5t>y alliances or compromises1 7 radically oppos$ & fundam5tally ali5 to "o ano!r4 ,_! conflict 0 to fill ! ages until1 :5 :eat & t>es _h long fl\ri%$ toge!r & exhau/$ betwe5 !m ! e>? = ^: sub/ance !y /ruggl$1 ! h>ve/ %\ld come2 ! t]rible day ( reckon+ :5 ^? :o _h believ$ ! ?+s ( religion to be imag9>y w\ld behold ) dismay ! ,"l visibly com+ d[n ?r\gh ! cl\ds ( heav51 ! angels bl[+ _! al>m+ trumpets1 all g5]ations ( ! dead ris+ f _! graves1 & judgm5t )\t appeal pass$ on e man1 to ! edification ( ! univ]sal company & 8 own unspeakable joy or confusion4 ,:]eupon ! bless$ w\ld ent] et]nal bliss ) ,god _! ma/] & ! wick$ ev]la/+ torm5ts ) ! devil :om !y s]v$4 ,! drama ( hi/ory 0 ?us to close ^u a second tableau3 long-rob$ & beatifi$ cohorts pass+ above1 amid v>i\s psalmodies1 into an inf9ite lum9\s space1 :ile bel[ ! damn$1 h[l+1 wri?+1 & half trans=m$ into loa?some bea/s1 %\ld be engulf$ 9 a fi]y furnace4 ,! two cities1 always opposite 9 ess5ce1 %\ld ?us be f9ally divid$ 9 exi/5ce1 ea* be>+ its natural fruits & manife/+ its true nature4 ,let ! read] fill out ?is outl9e = himself ) its ?\s& details2 let him rememb] ! endless my/]ies1 argum5ts1 m>tyrdoms1 consecrations t c>ri$ out ! s5se & made vital ! beauty ( ! :ole4 ,let him pause be=e ! ph5om5on2 he c ill af=d1 if he wi%es to und]/& hi/ory or ! human m9d1 to let ! app>ition float by un*all5g$ )\t deliv]+ up its secret4 ,:at %all we say ( ?is ,*ri/ian dream8 ,sid5ote3 ,my?ology is a language & mu/ be und]/ood to convey some?+ by symbols4 ,^? :o are /ill tr\bl$ by ! fact t ?is dream is by _m tak5 = a reality1 & :o are consequ5tly oblig$ to def5d !mselves aga9/ x1 z aga9/ "s dang]\s error 9 sci5ce or 9 philosophy1 may be all[$ to m>%al argum5ts 9 its dispro(4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 is n my int5tion4 ,d we m>%al argum5ts aga9/ ! miracul\s bir? ( ,buddha1 or ! /ory ( ,cronos dev\r+ 8 *ildr58 ,we seek r to hon\r ! piety & to und]/& ! poetry embodi$ 9 ^? fables4 ,if x be said t ^? fables are believ$ by no "o1 ,i reply t ^? fables are or h be5 believ$ j z unhesitat+ly z ! ,*ri/ian !ology1 & by m5 no less reasonable or le>n$ ?an ! unhappy apologi/s ( our own ance/ral cre$s4 ,matt]s ( religion %\ld nev] be matt]s ( controv]sy4 ,we nei!r argue ) a lov] ab\t 8 ta/e1 nor condemn him1 if we are j1 = kn[+ s human a passion4 ,t he h>b\rs x is no indication ( a want ( sanity on 8 "p 9 o!r matt]s4 ,b :ile we acquiesce 9 8 exp]i5ce1 & are glad he has x1 we ne$ no argum5ts to dissuade u f %>+ x4 ,ea* man may h 8 own loves1 b ! object 9 ea* case is diff]5t4 ,& s x is1 or %\ld be1 9 religion4 ,be=e ! rise ( ^? /range & fraudul5t ,hebraic pret5sions !re 0 no "q among m5 ab\t ! national1 p]sonal1 & poetic "* ( religi\s allegiance4 ,x c\ld nev] h be5 a duty to adopt a religion n "o's own any m ?an a language1 a co9age1 or a co/ume n curr5t 9 "o's own c\ntry4 ,! idea t religion conta9s a lit]al1 n a symbolic1 repres5tation ( tru? & life is simply an impossible idea4 ,:oev] ent]ta9s x has n come )9 ! region ( pr(itable philosophis+ on t subject4 ,8 sci5ce is n wide en\gh to cov] all exi/5ce4 ,he has n discov]$ t !re c be no moral allegiance except to ! ideal4 ,8 c]titude & 8 argum5ts are no m p]t95t to ! religi\s "q ?an w\ld be ! insults1 bl[s1 & murd]s to :i*1 if he c\ld1 he w\ld appeal 9 ! next in/ance4 ,philosophy may describe unreason1 z x may describe =ce2 x _c hope to refute !m4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,a3 ,bossuet3 ,disc\rs sur l'hi/oire univ]selle1 ,"p ,,ii1 ,*ap4 ,i4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,pagan ,,cu/om ,,& ,,b>b>ian ,,g5ius ,,infus$ ,,into ,,*ri/ianity ,sid5ote3 ,ne$ ( paganis+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,! we/]n intellect1 9 ord] to accept ! gospel1 _h to sublimate x into a neo-,platonic sy/em ( metaphysics4 ,9 l mann] ! we/]n he>t _h to r5d] ,*ri/ianity cong5ial & adequate by a ri* infusion ( pagan cu/om & s5tim5t4 ,?is adaptation 0 m g5tle & facile ?an might be suppos$4 ,we are too mu* incl9$ to impute an ab/ract & ideal ,*ri/ianity to ! polyglot s\ls ( e>ly ,*ri/ians1 & to ignore t my/]i\s & miracul\s side ( lat] paganism f :i* ,*ri/ian cultus & ritual are *iefly d]iv$4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury ,*ri/ianity & dev\t paganism 71 9 a religi\s s5se1 closely ak92 ea* diff]$ mu* less f ! o!r ?an f t religion :i* at o!r epo*s _h borne or %\ld be> its own "n4 ,_h ,julian ! ,apo/ate succe$$ 9 8 ent]prise he w\ld n h rescu$ any?+ :i* ! admir]s ( classic paganism c\ld at all rejoice 92 a disciple ( ,iambli*us c\ld n b plunge headlong into ! same sea ( sup]/ition & dialectic :i* _h subm]g$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 bo? p>ties e?ics 7 irrational & morals corrupt4 ,! political & humane religion ( antiquity _h disappe>$1 & ! "q betwe5 ,*ri/ians & pagans am\nt$ simply to a *oice ( fanaticisms4 ,reason _h suff]$ a g5]al eclipse1 b civilisation1 al?\gh decay$1 /ill subsi/$1 & a c]ta9 s*ola/ic discipl9e1 a c]ta9 speculative habit1 & _m an anci5t religi\s usage rema9$ 9 ! _w4 ,! p c\ld *ange _! gods1 b n ! _s 9 :i* !y wor%ipp$ !m4 ,*ri/ianity _h ins9uat$ itself almo/ unobs]v$ into a society full ( root$ traditions4 ,! fir/ disciples _h be5 dis9h]it$ ,jews1 ) religi\s habits :i* m5 ( o!r races & int]e/s c\ld nev] h adopt$ intellig5tly2 ! ,*ur* 0 accord+ly wise en\gh to p]petuate 9 its practice at lea/ an indisp5sable m9imum ( popul> paganism4 ,h[ consid]able ?is m9imum 0 a glance at ,ca?olic piety w suffice to conv9ce u4 ,sid5ote3 ,ca?olic piety m human ?an ! liturgy4 ,! ,grco-,jewi% sy/em ( !ology con/ruct$ by ! ,fa!rs _h its liturgical c\nt]p>t 9 ! sacram5ts & 9 a dev\t eloqu5ce :i* may be repres5t$ to u fairly en\gh by ! ,roman missal & brevi>y4 ,?is liturgy1 transfus$ z x is ) pagan philosophy & remov$ !reby f ! ,ori5tal directness & =mlessness ( ! ,bible1 keeps = ! mo/ "p its !ological & patri/ic tone4 ,psalms ab\nd1 ,virg91 & sa9ts are b>ely m5tion$1 a c]ta9 univ]salism & conc5tration ( ?\ght ^u ! ,r$emption & its speculative mean+ p]vades ! ,lat9 ritual sung beh9d ! alt>-rails4 ,b any "o :o ent]s a ,ca?olic *ur* ) an intellig5t int]pret] w at once p]ceive ! imm5se di/ance :i* sep>ates t (ficial & imp]sonal ritual f ! daily pray]s & practices ( ,ca?olic p4 ,! latt] ref] to ! real exig5ces ( daily life & s]ve to express or reorganise p]sonal passions4 ,:ile mass is be+ celebrat$ ! old woman w tell h] beads1 lo/ 9 a vague rum9ation ov] h] own tr\bles2 :ile ! prie/s *ant some?+ un9telligible ab\t ,abraham or ,nebu*adnezz>1 ! h\sewife w light h] wax-c&les1 duly bless$ = ! occasion1 be=e ,sa9t ,b>b>a1 to be protect$ !reby f ! lightn+2 & :ile ! prea*] is repeat+1 by rote1 dialectical subtleties ab\t ! union ( ! two natures 9 ,*ri/'s p]son1 a li/5]'s fancy may float sadly ov] ! my/]y ( love & ( life1 & 7be+ himself )\t res\rces 9 ! premises7 he may ord] a mass to be said = ! repose ( "s dep>t$ s\l4 ,9 a ,ca?olic c\ntry1 e spot & e man has a p>ticul> patron4 ,^! patrons are sometimes local wor?ies1 canonis$ by tradition or by ! ,roman see1 b no less (t5 !y are simply local appellations ( ,*ri/ or ! ,virg91 appellations :i* are kn[n !oretically to ref] all to ! same num51 b :i* practically possess div]se religi\s values2 = ! miracles & int]cessions attribut$ to ! ,virg9 "u "o title are f> f be+ miracles & int]cessions attributable to h] "u ano!r4 ,he :o has be5 all 8 life dev\t to ,loreto w n place any special reliance on ! ,pill> at ,s>agossa4 ,a b]eav$ "m w n fly to ! ,immaculate ,conception = com=t1 b ( c\rse to ,our ,lady ( ! ,sev5 ,sorr[s4 ,ea* religi\s ord] & all ! laity m or less affiliat$ to x w cultivate special sa9ts & special my/]ies4 ,!re are also p>ticul> places & days on :i* graces are grant$1 z n on o!rs1 & ! quantity ( su* graces is measurable by canonic /&>ds4 ,s _m days ( remitt$ p5ance correspond to a "w ( a c]ta9 m]it1 = !re is a cele/ial curr5cy 9 :i* mulcts & remissions may be accurately summ$ & subtract$ by angelic record]s4 ,"o man's spiritual e>n+s may by gift be attribut$ & imput$ to ano!r1 a belief :i* may seem arbitr>y & sup]/iti\s b :i* is really a natural coroll>y to fundam5tal doctr9es l ! atonem5t1 ! communion ( sa9ts1 & int]cession = ! dead & liv+4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural pieties4 ,ano!r phase ( ! same natural religion is se5 9 frequ5t fe/ivals1 9 ! consecration ( build+s1 %ips1 fields1 lab\rs1 & seasons2 9 int]cessions by ! great] dead = ! liv+ & by ! liv+ = ! less] dead--a p]fect survival ( h]oes & p5ates on ! "o h& & ( pagan fun]al rites & commemorations on ! o!r4 ,add ,l5t ) its c>nival1 emb]-days1 all sa9ts' & all s\ls'1 ,*ri/mas ) its magi or its ,sa9t ,ni*olas1 ,sa9t ,agnes's & ,sa9t ,val5t9e's days ) _! pr(ane associations1 a sa9t = f9d+ lo/ objects & ano!r = prosp]+ am\rettes1 s9ce all great & tragic loves h _! inevitable patrons 9 ,*ri/ & ! ,virg91 9 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & 9 ! my/ics innum]able4 ,?is1 ) :at m c\ld easily be rehe>s$1 makes a complete paganism )9 ,*ri/ian tradition1 a paganism = :i* little basis c be f\nd 9 ! gospel1 ! mass1 ! brevi>y1 or ! !ologians4 ,yet ^! accretions 7 z well au!nticat$ z ! sub/ructure1 = !y re/$ on human nature4 ,to feel1 = in/ance1 ! special efficacy ( y\r village ,virg9 or ( ! miracul\s ,*ri/ ^: h]mitage is p]*$ on ! ov]hang+ hill1 is a g5u9e exp]i5ce4 ,! pr9ciple ( x is cle> & simple4 ,^? %r9es1 ^? images1 ! fe/ivals associat$ ) !m1 h ent]$ y\r m9d toge!r ) y\r e>lie/ feel+s4 ,y\r fir/ glimpses ( mortal vicissitudes h co9cid$ ) ! awe & glitt] ( sacram5tal mom5ts 9 :i* ^? num9a 7 invok$2 & on t deep] level ( exp]i5ce1 9 ^? l[] rea*es ( irrationalism 9 :i* su* impressions lie1 !y con/itute a my/ic res\rce subsi/+ b5ea? all conv5tions & ov]t k4 ,:5 ! doctors blund]--z !y commonly d--! sa9ts may f9d a cure2 aft] all1 ! sa9ts' success 9 m$ic9e seems to a crude empiricism almo/ z probable z ! physicians'4 ,special & local patrons are ! orig9al gods1 & :atev] religi\s value speculative & cosmic deities reta9 !y reta9 surreptiti\sly1 by virtue ( ^? v bonds ) human int]e/s & passionate desires :i* ance/ral demons once borr[$ f ! he>? !y gu>d$1 ! m\nta9 !y haunt$1 or ! sacrifice !y inhal$ ) pleasure1 until _! he>ts s(t5$ t[>d _! wor%ipp]s4 ,9 itself1 & z a m9imis$ & retreat+ !ology repres5ts x1 a univ]sal p[] has no specific en]gy1 no det]m9ate int]e/ at he>t2 !re is no?+ fri5dly ab\t x nor alli$ to y\r private necessities2 no l9ks ( place & "t =tify & def9e its influ5ce4 ,nor is x rational to appeal = a mitigation ( evils or = assi/ance aga9/ !m to ! v be+ t has decre$ & is inflict+ !m = "s fix$ purpose ( its own4 ,sid5ote3 ,refuge tak5 9 ! sup]natural4 ,paganism or natural religion 0 at fir/1 l s _m crude religi\s notions1 optimi/ic & mat]ial2 ! wor%ipp] expect$ 8 piety to make 8 pot boil1 to cure 8 disease1 to prosp] 8 battles1 & to r5d] h>mless 8 ignorance ( ! _w 9 :i* he liv$4 ,b su* fai? ran up imm$iately aga9/ ! facts2 x 0 disc\nt5anc$ at e turn by exp]i5ce & reflection4 ,! :ole ( nature & life1 :5 !y are und]/ood at all1 h to be und]/ood on an opposite pr9ciple1 on ! pr9ciple t fate1 hav+ naturally furni%$ u ) a det]m9ate w & a det]m9ate end[m5t1 gives u a free field & no fav\r 9 a natural _w4 ,h5ce ! retreat ( religion to ! sup]natural1 a region to :i* 9 its crud] =ms x 0 f> f belong+4 ,n[ ?is retreat1 9 ! case ( classic paganism1 took place ) ! decay ( milit>y & political life & w\ld h produc$ an ascetic popul> sy/em1 "s comp\nd ( ,ori5tal & ,greek traditions1 ev5 if ,*ri/ianity _h n int]v5$ at t juncture & opportunely pre-empt$ ! gr\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,! episodes ( life consecrat$ my/ically4 ,*ri/ianity1 z we h se51 _h elem5ts 9 x :i* gave x a decisive advantage2 its outlook 0 hi/orical1 n cosmic1 & consequ5tly admitt$ a non-natural future = ! individual & = ! ,*ur*2 x 0 anti-political & look$ = progress only 9 t region 9 :i* progress 0 at t "t possible1 9 ! private s\l2 x 0 democratic1 fem99e1 & unworldly2 its ,ori5tal deity & prophets _h a primitive simplicity & pa?os n f\nd 9 pagan h]oes or polite metaphysical entities2 its obscure ,hebrew poetry op5$1 l music1 an inf9ite field = brood+ fancy & presumption4 ,! consequ5ce 0 a d\bl+ ( ! _w1 s t e ,*ri/ian l$ a dual exi/5ce1 "o full ( tr\ble & vanity on e>?1 :i* x 0 piety 9 him to despise & neglect1 ano!r full ( hope & consolation 9 a region p>allel to e>? & directly above x1 e "p ( :i* correspond$ to some?+ 9 e>?ly life & c\ld be rea*$1 s to speak1 by a ,jacob's ladd] ^u :i* aspiration & grace asc5d$ & desc5d$ cont9ually4 ,bir? _h its sacram5tal consecration to ! sup]natural 9 baptism1 gr[? 9 confirmation1 self-consci\sness 9 confession1 pub]ty 9 communion1 ef=t 9 pray]1 defeat 9 sacrifice1 s9 9 p5ance1 speculation 9 reveal$ wisdom1 art 9 wor%ip1 natural k9dness 9 *>ity1 pov]ty 9 humility1 dea? 9 self-surr5d] & resurrection4 ,:5 ! m9d grew tir$ ( contemplation ! lips c\ld /ill e*o "s pi\s petition1 keep+ ! body's attitude & habit expressive ( humility & propiti\s to receiv+ grace2 & :5 ! knees & lips 7 !mselves we>y1 a c&le might be left burn+ be=e ! alt>1 to witness t ! desire mom5t>ily =gott5 0 n ext+ui%$ 9 ! he>t4 ,?r\gh pray] & religi\s works ! abs5t c\ld be rea*$ & ! dead help$ on _! j\rney1 & amid e>?ly e/rangem5ts & inju/ices !re always rema9$ ! *ur* op5 to all & ! society ( heav54 ,sid5ote3 ,paganism *a/5$1 ,hebraism lib]alis$4 ,no?+ is accord+ly m pat5t ?an t ,*ri/ianity 0 paganis$ by ! e>ly ,*ur*2 inde$1 ! creation ( ! ,*ur* 0 itself :at to a ,hebrais+ m9d mu/ seem a corruption1 namely1 a mix+ ( pagan philosophy & ritual ) ! ,gospel4 ,b ?is sort ( con/itutive corruption w\ld m prop]ly be call$ an adaptation1 an absorption1 or ev5 a civilisation ( ,hebraism2 = by ?is m>riage ) paganism ,*ri/ianity fitt$ itself to live & "w 9 ! civilis$ _w4 ,by ?is corruption x 0 complet$ & imm5sely improv$1 l ,anglo-,saxon by its corruption ?r\gh ,fr5* & ,lat92 = x is always an improvem5t 9 religion1 ^: bus9ess is to express & inspire spiritual s5tim5t1 t x %\ld le>n to express & inspire t s5tim5t m g5]\sly4 ,paganism 0 ne>] ?an ,hebraism to ! ,life ( ,reason because its my?s 7 m transp>5t & its temp] less fanatical2 & s a paganis$ ,*ri/ianity approa*$ m closely t ideality :i* con/itutes religi\s tru? ?an a b>e & int5se ,hebraism1 9 its ho/ility to human g5ius1 c\ld ev] h done if isolat$ & unqualifi$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sy/em po/-rational & f\nd$ on despair4 ,! ,*ri/ianity :i* ! pagans adopt$1 9 becom+ itself pagan1 rema9$ a religion natural to _! c\ntry & _! he>t4 ,x con/itut$ a paganism expressive ( _! lat] & calamit\s exp]i5ce1 a paganism acqua9t$ ) sorr[1 a religion t _h pass$ ?r\gh bo? civilisation & despair1 & _h be5 r$uc$ to translat+ ! eclips$ values ( life into sup]natural symbols4 ,x became a po/-rational religion4 ,( c\rse1 to und]/& su* a sy/em x is necess>y to possess ! faculties x ex]cises & ! exp]i5ce x repres5ts4 ,:]e life has n rea*$ ! level ( reflection1 religion & philosophy mu/ bo? be pre-rational2 !y mu/ rema9 crudely exp]im5tal1 unconsci\s ( ! limits ( excell5ce & life4 ,"u su* circum/ances x is obvi\sly impossible t religion %\ld be recon/itut$ on a sup]natural plane1 or %\ld le>n to express exp]i5ce r ?an impulse4 ,n[ ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! gospels 0 itself po/-rational2 x _h turn$ its back on ! _w4 ,9 ?is respect ! mixture ) paganism alt]$ no?+2 x m]ely re9=c$ ! spiritualis$ & lyric despair ( ! ,hebrews ) ! p]sonal & metaphysical despair ( ! ,romans & ,greeks4 ,= all ! lat] classic philosophy--,/oic1 ,sceptic1 or ,epicurean--0 f\nd$ on despair & 0 po/-rational4 ,pagan ,*ri/ianity1 or ,ca?olicism1 may accord+ly be said to consi/ ( two elem5ts3 fir/1 ! g5ius ( paganism1 ! faculty ( express+ spiritual exp]i5ce 9 my? & ext]nal symbol1 &1 second1 ! exp]i5ce ( disillusion1 =c+ t pagan imag9ation to take w+ f e>? & to decorate no long] ! political & mat]ial circum/ances ( life1 b r to remove beyond ! cl\ds & con/itute its realm ( _s beyond ! veil ( "t & nature1 9 a po/hum\s & metaphysical sph]e4 ,a my?ical economy ab\nd+ 9 po9ts ( atta*m5t to human exp]i5ce & 9 g5ial int]pretations ( life1 yet lift$ beyond visible nature & fill+ a report$ _w1 a _w believ$ 9 on he>say or1 z x is call$1 on fai?--t is ,ca?olicism4 ,:5 ?is religion 0 e/abli%$ 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 t empire 0 itself ?reat5$ by ! b>b>ians :o soon p]meat$ & occupi$ x & made a new & unhappy beg9n+ to ,european hi/ory4 ,!y adopt$ ,*ri/ianity1 n because x repres5t$ _! religi\s ne$s or inspiration1 b because x =m$ "p ( a culture & a social organisation ! influ5ce ( :i* !y _h n1 9 _! simplicity1 ! means to )/&4 ,dur+ sev]al ages !y c\ld only modify by _! misund]/&+s & in]tia arts :olly new to _! lives4 ,sid5ote3 ,ext]nal conv]sion ( ! b>b>ians4 ,:at sort ( religion ^! b>b>ians may previ\sly h _h is beyond our accurate k4 ,!y h&$ d[n a my?ology n radically diff]5t f ! ,grco-,roman1 ?\gh m vaguely & grotesquely conceiv$2 & !y recognis$ tribal duties & glories f :i* religi\s sanctions c\ld h>dly h be5 abs5t4 ,b a b>b>ian m9d1 l a *ild's1 is easy to conv]t & to p ) :at /ories y w4 ,! ,nor?m5 drank 9 ) pleas$ a/oni%m5t :at ! monks told !m ab\t hell & heav51 ,god ! ,fa!r & ,god ! ,son1 ! ,virg9 & ! beautiful angels2 !y accept$ ! sacram5ts ) vague docility2 !y %[$ a qualifi$ respect1 (t5 brok5 ^u1 x is true1 by in/9ctive rebellions1 = a cl]gy :i* aft] all repres5t$ :atev] ve/iges ( le>n+1 b5evol5ce1 or art /ill l+]$ 9 ! _w4 ,b ?is easy & boa/$ conv]sion 0 fanciful only & sk9-deep4 ,a non-,*ri/ian e?ics ( val\r & hon\r1 a non-,*ri/ian fund ( sup]/ition1 leg5d1 & s5tim5t1 subsi/$ always among m$ival peoples4 ,_! s\l1 s l>gely in>ticulate1 might be ov]laid ) *ur*ly habits & imprison$ = ! mom5t 9 ! panoply ( patri/ic dogma2 b pagan ,*ri/ianity always rema9$ a religion =eign to !m1 accept$ only :ile _! m9ds cont9u$ 9 a /ate ( helpless tutelage4 ,su* a =eign religion c\ld nev] be und]/ood by !m 9 its g5u9e motives & _s4 ,!y 7 )\t ! exp]i5ce & ! pla/ic imag9ation :i* _h giv5 x bir?4 ,x might cat* !m unaw>es & prevail ov] !m = a "t1 b ev5 dur+ t p]iod x c\ld n root out f b>b>ian s\ls any?+ oppos$ to x :i* subsi/$ !re4 ,x 0 ?us t ! ,roman ,*ur* hat*$ ! duck's egg ( ,prote/antism4 ,sid5ote3 ,expression ( ! nor!rn g5ius )9 ,ca?olicism4 ,9 its native seats ! ,ca?olic sy/em prompts among ^? :o inw>dly reject x satire & indiff]5ce r ?an h]esy1 because on ! :ole x expresses well en\gh ! religi\s in/9cts ( ! p4 ,only ^? /r5u\sly oppose x :o hate religion itself4 ,b among conv]t$ b>b>ians ! case 0 naturally diff]5t1 & opposition to ! ,*ur* came mo/ vehem5tly f c]ta9 religi\s natures ^: in/9cts x outrag$ or left unsatisfi$4 ,ev5 be=e h]esy bur/ =? ?is religi\s re/lessness f\nd v5t 9 _m directions4 ,x end[$ ,*ri/ianity ) sev]al beautiful b insidi\s gifts1 sev]al incongru\s ?\gh well-meant =ms ( expression4 ,among ^! we may c\nt ,go?ic art1 *ivalr\s s5tim5t1 & ev5 s*ola/ic philosophy4 ,^! ?+s came1 z we "k1 o/5sibly to s]ve ,*ri/ianity1 :i* has le>n$ to reg>d !m z its own emanations4 ,b 9 tru? !y b>b>is$ ,*ri/ianity j z ,greek philosophy & wor%ip & ,roman habits ( adm9i/ration _h paganis$ x 9 ! beg9n+4 ,& b>b>is$ ,*ri/ianity1 ev5 be=e x became h]etical1 0 some?+ new1 some?+ v diff]5t 9 temp] & beauty f ! pagan ,*ri/ianity ( ! ,s\? & ,ea/4 ,9 ! ,ca?olicism ( ! ,middle ,ages1 z x fl\ri%$ 9 ! ,nor?1 ! b>b>ian s\l1 appr5tic$ to monki% ma/]s1 appe>$ 9 all its *ildlike tru/1 orig9ality1 & hum\r4 ,!re 0 some?+ t\*+ & grotesque ab\t x4 ,we seem to see a *ild play+ ) ! toys ( age1 8 gre5 hopes & fancies weav+ !mselves ab\t an antique metaphysical monum5t1 ! sanctu>y ( a decrepit _w4 ,! /ructure ( t monum5t 0 at fir/ n affect$1 & ev5 :5 x _h be5 und]m9$ & p>tially ru9$1 its /yle c\ld n be trans=m$1 b1 clad 9 its nor!rn ivy1 x wore at once a new aspect4 ,to races )\t exp]i5ce--t is1 )\t cumulative traditions or a visible pa/--,*ri/ianity c\ld be no?+ b a fairy /ory & a gratuit\s hope1 z if !y _h be5 told ab\t ! ,sultan ( ,timbuctoo & promis$ t !y %\ld "s day ride on 8 w+$ ,arabian horses4 ,! tragic mean+ ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 its imm5se r5unciation ( all ?+s e>?ly & ! m]ely metaphysical glory ( its transfigur$ life1 commonly escap$ _! appreh5sion1 z x /ill cont9ues to d4 ,!y li/5$ op5-m\!d to ! mission>y & accept$ 8 assev]ations ) unsuspect+ emotion1 l ! ,anglo-,saxon k+ :o lik5$ ! s\l to a bird fly+ 9 & out ( a t5t at night1 ab\t ^: fur!r =tunes any acc\nt w\ld be int]e/+ to he>4 ,a se$ plant$ 9 su* a virg9 & uncultivat$ soil mu/ ne$s br+ =? fruit ( a new sav\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]nal discrepancies betwe5 ! two4 ,9 nor!rn ,*ri/ianity a fre% quality ( brood+ t5d]ness prevail$ ov] ! tragic passion else:]e *>act]i/ic ( ,ca?olic devotion4 ,intricacy 0 sub/itut$ = dignity & poetry = rhetoric2 ! basilica became an abbey & ! h]mitage a s*ool4 ,! feudal ages 7 a wond]ful se$-"t 9 a _w all gaunt ) ru9s4 ,horrors 7 !re m+l$ ) delicacies & confusion ) idyllic peace4 ,x 0 "h a poet's *ildhood pass$ amid ! cra% ( w>1 !re an al*emi/'s old age flick]+ away amid cobwebs & gibb]i%4 ,some?+ jocund & mis*iev\s peep$ out ev5 9 ! cloi/]2 g>goyles le]$ f ! belfry1 :ile ivy & holly grew ab\t ! cross4 ,! ,middle ,ages 7 ! true r5aissance4 ,_! ,*ri/ianity 0 ! !me1 ! occasion1 ! excuse = _! art & jollity1 _! curiosity & t5d]ness2 x 0 f> f be+ ! s\rce ( ^? delightful inv5tions4 ,! ,crusades 7 n inspir$ by ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace1 to ^: hon\r !y 7 fancifully & passionately d$icat$2 s *ivalry1 ,go?ic ar*itecture1 & s*ola/ic philosophy 7 pr(ane expressions ( a self-discov]+ g5ius 9 a p incid5tally ,*ri/ian4 ,! b>b>ians _h inde$ be5 indoctr9at$1 !y _h be5 introduc$ into an ali5 spiritual & hi/oric m$ium1 b !y _h n be5 made ov] or inw>dly tam$4 ,x _h p]haps be5 r5d]$ easi] = !m1 by contact ) an exi/+ or rememb]$ civilisation1 to mature _! own g5ius1 ev5 9 ! act ( confus+ its expression ?r\gh =eign accretions4 ,!y _h be5 !reby /imulat$ to civilise !mselves & enc\rag$ also to believe !mselves civilis$ some:at prematurely1 :5 !y _h become heirs m]ely to ! titles & trapp+s ( civilisation4 ,! process ( f9d+ _! own art & polity1 begun "u =eign guidance1 0 b\nd on ! :ole to div]ge m & m f its ,lat9 model4 ,x consi/$ n[ ( imitation1 n[ ( revulsion & fanciful orig9ality2 nev] 0 a race s mu* "u ! sway ( fa%ions4 ,fa%ion is some?+ b>b>\s1 = x produces innovation )\t reason & imitation )\t b5efit4 ,x m>ks v cle>ly t m>g9 ( irresponsible v>iation 9 mann]s & ?\ghts :i* among a p artificially civilis$ may s easily be l>g] ?an ! solid core4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( occid5tal society 9 m$ival & mod]n times1 because ?is society is l$ by p :o1 be+ educat$ 9 a =eign culture1 rema9 b>b>ians at he>t4 ,to ?is day we h n a*iev$ a really native civilisation4 ,our art1 morals1 & religion1 ?\gh deeply dy$ 9 native feel+1 are /ill only def9able &1 inde$1 conceivable by ref]5ce to classic & ali5 /&>ds4 ,among ! nor!rn races culture is ev5 m artificial & sup]9duc$ ?an among ! s\!rn2 :5ce ! /range ph5om5on ( snobb]y 9 society1 affectation 9 art1 & a viol5t contra/ betwe5 ! educat$ & ! un$ucat$1 ! ri* & ! poor1 classes t live on diff]5t intellectual planes & (t5 h diff]5t religions4 ,"s educat$ p]sons1 accord+ly1 are m]ely /ud5ts & imbib]s2 !y sit at ! feet ( a pa/ :i*1 n be+ really !irs1 c produce no fruit 9 !m b s5tim5tality4 ,o!rs are m]ely prote/ants2 !y are active 9 ! moral sph]e only by virtue ( an inw>d rebellion aga9/ some?+ great] & ov]%ad[+1 yet repulsive & ali54 ,!y are consci\s truants f a =eign s*ool ( life4 ,sid5ote3 ,tradition & in/9ct at odds 9 ,prote/antism4 ,9 ! ,prote/ant religion x is necess>y to di/+ui% inn] inspiration f hi/orical entanglem5ts4 ,un=tunately1 z ! :ole doctr9al =m ( ?is religion is irrelevant to its _s & impos$ f )\t1 be+ due to ! /ep-mo!rly nurture x receiv$ f ! ,*ur*1 we c rea* a conception ( its inn] _s only by /udy+ its t5d5cy & laws ( *ange or its incid5tal expression 9 lit]ature & cu/om4 ,yet ^! indirect symptoms are s /rik+ t ev5 an outsid]1 if at all obs]vant1 ne$ n fe> to mis9t]pret !m4 ,tak5 ext]nally1 ,prote/antism is1 ( c\rse1 a =m ( ,*ri/ianity2 x reta9s ! ,bible & a m or less copi\s selection ( patri/ic doctr9es4 ,b 9 its _s & inw>d inspiration x is some?+ q z indep5d5t ( ,judea z ( ,rome4 ,x is simply ! natural religion ( ! ,teutons rais+ its head above ! flood ( ,roman & ,judean influ5ces4 ,its "* may be indicat$ by say+ t x is a religion ( pure spontaneity1 ( emotional fre$om1 deeply respect+ itself b sc>cely deciph]+ its purposes4 ,x is ! self-consci\sness ( a _s 9 process ( incubation1 jeal\s ( its pot5tialities1 av]se to def9itions & f9alities ( any k9d because x c itself disc]n no?+ fix$ or f9al4 ,x is adv5tur\s & puzzl$ by ! _w1 full ( rudim5t>y virtues & cle> fire1 en]getic1 fai?ful1 rebelli\s to exp]i5ce1 inexp]t 9 all matt]s ( art & m9d4 ,x boa/s1 n )\t cause1 ( its dep? & purity2 b ?is dep? & purity are ^? ( any =mless & primordial sub/ance4 ,x keeps unsulli$ t antec$5t integrity :i* is at ! bottom ( e liv+ ?+ & at its core2 x is n acqua9t$ ) t ult]ior integrity1 t sanctity1 :i* might be atta9$ at ! summit ( exp]i5ce ?r\gh reason & speculative dom9ion4 ,x accord+ly mi/akes vitality1 bo? 9 itself & 9 ! univ]se1 = spiritual life4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,prote/ant _s remote f t ( ! gospel4 ,?is und]ly+ ,teutonic religion1 :i* we mu/ call ,prote/antism = lack ( a bett] "n1 is ant]ior to ,*ri/ianity & c survive x4 ,to id5tify x ) ! ,gospel may h seem$ possible s long z1 9 opposition to pagan ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,teutonic _s c\ld appeal to ! ,gospel = support4 ,! ,gospel has inde$ no?+ pagan ab\t x1 b x has also no?+ ,teutonic2 & ! mom5t>y alliance ( two su* disp>ate =ces mu/ naturally cease ) ! removal ( ! common enemy :i* alone unit$ !m4 ,! ,gospel is unworldly1 dis5*ant$1 ascetic2 x treats ecclesia/ical e/abli%m5ts ) tol]ant contempt1 con=m+ to !m ) indiff]5ce2 x reg>ds prosp]ity z a dang]1 e>?ly ties z a burd51 ,sabba?s z a sup]/ition2 x revels 9 miracles2 x is democratic & ant9omian2 x loves contemplation1 pov]ty1 & solitude2 x meets s9n]s ) sympa?y & he>tfelt =giv5ess1 b ,ph>isees & ,puritans ) bit+ scorn4 ,9 a ^w1 x is a product ( ! ,ori5t1 :]e all ?+s are old & equal & a pr(\nd indiff]5ce to ! bus9ess ( e>? bre$s a sil5t dignity & high sadness 9 ! _s4 ,prote/antism is ! exact opposite ( all ?is4 ,x is conv9c$ ( ! importance ( success & prosp]ity2 x abom9ates :at is disreputable2 contemplation seems to x idl5ess1 solitude selfi%ness1 & pov]ty a sort ( di%on\rable puni%m5t4 ,x is con/ra9$ & punctili\s 9 righte\sness2 x reg>ds a m>ri$ & indu/ri\s life z typically godly1 & !re is a sacr$ness to x1 z ( a vacant ,sabba?1 9 ! unoccupi$ high] spaces :i* su* an exi/5ce leaves = ! s\l4 ,x is s5tim5tal1 its ritual is meagre & unctu\s1 x expects no miracles1 x ?9ks optimism ak9 to piety1 & reg>ds pr(itable ent]prise & practical ambition z a sort ( moral vocation4 ,its ,evangelicalism lacks ! notes1 s prom95t 9 ! gospel1 ( disillusion1 humility1 & speculative deta*m5t4 ,its b5evol5ce is optimi/ic & aims at rais+ m5 to a conv5tional well-be+2 x ?us misses ! inn] appeal ( ,*ri/ian *>ity :i*1 be+ m]ely rem$ial 9 physical matt]s1 beg9s by r5unciation & looks to spiritual fre$om & peace4 ,prote/antism 0 !re=e atta*$ f ! fir/ to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 :i* ,hebrew f]v\r appe>s 9 its worldly & pre-rational =m4 ,x is n democratic 9 ! same s5se z po/-rational religions1 :i* see 9 ! s\l an exile f "s o!r sph]e we>+ = ! mom5t1 p]haps1 a begg>'s disguise3 x is democratic only 9 ! s5se ( hav+ a popul> orig9 & b5d+ easily to popul> =ces4 ,sway$ z x is by public op9ion1 x is necess>ily conv5tional 9 its conception ( duty & e>ne/ly mat]iali/ic2 = ! mean+ ( ! ^w vanity nev] crosses ! vulg> he>t4 ,9 f9e1 x is ! religion ( a race "y1 wi/ful1 & adv5tur\s1 feel+ its lat5t pot5tialities1 vaguely assur$ ( an e>?ly vocation1 & possess+1 l ! b>b>ian & ! heal?y *ild1 pure b un*a/5$ en]gies4 ,?us 9 ! ,prote/ant religion ! fai? natural to b>b>ism appe>s clo!d1 by =ce ( hi/orical accid5t1 9 ! language ( an adapt$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,sid5ote3 ,ob/acles to humanism4 ,z ! ,middle ,ages advanc$ ! new-born human g5ius :i* con/itut$ _! culture grew daily m playful1 curi\s1 & ornate4 ,x 0 naturally 9 ! c\ntries =m]ly pagan t ?is new paganism pr9cipally fl\ri%$4 ,religion began 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s to be tak5 philosophically2 its relation to life began to be und]/ood1 t x 0 a poetic expression ( ne$1 hope1 & ignorance4 ,"h prodigi\s ve/$ int]e/s & ve/$ illusions ( e sort made dang]\s ! pa? ( s9c]ity4 ,g5u9e moral & religi\s impulses c\ld n be easily dissociat$ f a sy/em ( ?\ght & discipl9e ) :i* = a ?\s& ye>s !y _h be5 intimately int]wov54 ,scepticism1 in/ead ( seem+1 :at x naturally is1 a moral =ce1 a t5d5cy to s9c]ity1 economy1 & f9e adju/m5t ( life & m9d to exp]i5ce--scepticism seem$ a temptation & a dang]4 ,?is situation1 :i* /ill prevails 9 a c]ta9 measure1 /rik+ly %[s into h[ artificial a po/ure ,*ri/ianity has ?r[n ! m9d4 ,if scepticism1 "u su* circum/ances1 by *ance p5etrat$ among ! cl]gy1 x 0 n fav\rable to consi/5cy ( life1 & x 0 ! m c]ta9 to p5etrate among !m 9 t _! ranks1 9 a fat & unscrupul\s age1 w\ld naturally be l>gely recruit$ by m5 )\t consci5ce or ideal ambitions4 ,x became accord+ly necess>y to re=m some?+2 ei!r ! gay _w to suit ! ,*ur*'s primitive au/]ity & asceticism1 or ! ,*ur* to suit ! _w's pr(ane & g5]al int]e/s4 ,! latt] task 0 m or less consci\sly und]tak5 by ! humani/s :o w\ld h abat$ ! cl]gy's weal? & irrational au?ority1 advanc$ polite le>n+1 &1 :ile ( c\rse reta9+ ,*ri/ianity--= :y %\ld an ance/ral religion be *ang$8--w\ld h reta9$ x z a =m ( paganism1 z an ornam5t & poetic expression ( human life4 ,?is movem5t1 _h x n be5 ov]:elm$ by ! fanatical ,re=mation & ! fanatical reaction aga9/ x1 w\ld d\btless h met ) _m a *eck f ! ,*ur*'s s9c]e zealots2 b x c\ld h ov]come !m &1 _h x be5 all[$ to fight reason's battle ) reason's weapons1 w\ld ultimately h l$ to g5]al enlight5m5t )\t divid+ ,*ri/5dom1 k9dl+ v5om\s religi\s & national passions1 or vitiat+ philosophy4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,re=mation & c\nt]-re=mation4 ,x 0 n humanism1 h[ev]1 t 0 de/9$ to re/ra9 & s(t5 ! ,*ur*1 complet+ by critical reflection t paganisation ( ,*ri/ianity :i* _h tak5 place at ! beg9n+ in/9ctively & ( necessity4 ,!re 0 n[ ano!r =ce 9 ! field1 ! virg9 consci5ce & wilfulness ( ! ,teutonic races1 s9c]ely atta*$ to :at !y _h assimilat$ 9 ,*ri/ianity & n[ awak5+ to ! fact t !y inw>dly abhorr$ & reject$ ! re/4 ,?is situation1 9 s uncritical an age1 c\ld be int]pret$ z a return to primitive ,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh ?is _h be5 9 tru?1 z we may n[ p]ceive1 utt]ly oppos$ to ! ,teutonic _s4 ,accord+ly1 ! humani/ic movem5t 0 cross$ & obscur$ by ano!r1 specifically religi\s & o/5sibly m ,*ri/ian ?an ! ,*ur*4 ,controv]sies foll[$1 z pu]ile z !y 7 bloody2 = x 0 n to be expect$ t ! peoples once =m+ ! ,roman ,empire 7 go+ to surr5d] _! ance/ral religion )\t a /ruggle & )\t resi/+ ?is new b>b>ian invasion into _! imag9ations & _! s\ls4 ,!y might h suff]$ _! ,*ri/ianis$ paganism to fade ) "t2 worldly prosp]ity & arts might h wean$ !m gradually f _! sup]naturalism1 & sci5ce f _! my?s2 b h[ 7 !y to ab&on at once all _! traditions1 :5 *all5g$ to d s by a =eign sup]naturalism s mu* poor] & crud] ?an _! own8 ,:at happ5$ 0 t !y intr5*$ !mselves 9 _! sy/em1 cut !mselves (f f ! g5ial influ5ces t might h r5d]$ x innocu\s1 & became sect>ies1 l _! oppon5ts4 ,enlight5m5t 0 only to come aft] a recrudesc5ce ( madness & by ! mutual slaught] ( a fre% crop ( illusions1 usurpations1 & tyrannies4 ,sid5ote3 ,prote/antism an expression ( "*4 ,x w\ld be easy to write1 9 a satirical ve91 ! hi/ory ( ,prote/ant dogma4 ,its hi/ory 0 =ese5 f ! beg9n+ by intellig5t obs]v]s4 ,x consi/$ 9 a gradual & inevitable desc5t into a pi\s scepticism4 ,! attempt to cl+ to v>i\s int]m$iate positions on ! incl9$ plane t slopes d[n f anci5t revelation to private exp]i5ce c succe$ only = a "t & :]e local influ5ces limit speculative fre$om4 ,y mu/ slide smil+ly d[n to ! bottom or1 9 horror at t ev5tuality1 creep up aga9 & rea* out pa!tically = a re/+-place at ! top4 ,to insi/ on ?is r obvi\s situation1 z exhibit$ = in/ance 9 ! ,anglican ,*ur*1 w\ld be to ?re% /raw & to /udy 9 ,prote/antism only its feeble & accid5tal side4 ,its true ess5ce is n con/itut$ by ! ,*ri/ian dogmas t at a giv5 mom5t x *ances to reta91 b by ! _s 9 :i* x con/antly *all5ges ! o!rs1 by ! expression x gives to p]sonal integrity1 to fai? 9 consci5ce1 to human in/9ct c\rage\sly meet+ ! _w4 ,x rebels1 = in/ance1 aga9/ ! ,ca?olic sy/em ( measurable s9s & m]its1 ) rew>ds & puni%m5ts legally adju/$ & controll$ by prie/ly z well z by div9e pr]ogative4 ,su* a sup]natural me*anism seems to an indep5d5t & unc[$ nature a pr(anation & an impo/ure4 ,away1 x says1 ) all int]m$i>ies betwe5 ! s\l & ,god1 ) all m$dlesome prie/craft & all me*anical salvation4 ,salvation %all be by fai? alone1 t is1 by an attitude & s5tim5t private to ! _s1 by an inn] co-op]ation ( man ) ! _w4 ,! ,*ur* %all be invisible1 con/itut$ by all ^? :o possess ?is necess>y fai? & by no o!rs4 ,x really foll[s f ?is1 al?\gh ! conclusion may n be imm$iately drawn1 t religion is n an adju/m5t to o!r facts or p[]s1 or to o!r possibilities1 ?an ^? met ) 9 daily life & 9 surr\nd+ nature1 b is r a spiritual adju/m5t to natural life1 an insight into its pr9ciples1 by :i* a man le>ns to id5tify himself ) ! cosmic p[] & to %>e its multif>i\s bus9ess no less ?an its ult]ior security & calm4 ,sid5ote3 ,x has ! _s ( life4 ,prote/antism1 9 ?is p]fectly in/9ctive tru/fulness & self-ass]tion1 is n only prior to ,*ri/ianity b m primitive ?an reason & ev5 ?an man4 ,! plants & animals1 if !y c\ld speak1 w\ld express _! attitude to _! de/9y 9 ! ,prote/ant fa%ion4 8,he t =m$ u10 !y w\ld say1 8lives & en]gises )9 u4 ,he has seal$ a cov5ant ) u1 to /& by u if we are fai?ful & /r5u\s 9 foll[+ ! sugge/ions he :isp]s 9 our he>ts4 ,) fidelity to ourselves &1 :at is ! same ?+1 to him1 we are b\nd to prosp] & to h life m & m abundantly = ev]40 ,?is attitude1 :]e x conc]ns religion1 involves two coroll>ies3 fir/1 :at 9 accordance ) ,hebrew prec$5t may be call$ symbolically fai? 9 ,god1 t is1 confid5ce 9 "o's own impulse & de/9y1 a confid5ce :i* ! _w 9 ! end is sure to rew>d2 & second1 abom9ation ( all contr>y religi\s t5ets & practices--( asceticism1 = in/ance1 because x d5ies ! w2 ( idolatry & my?1 because !y r5d] div9ity concrete r ?an relative to inn] crav+s & ess5tially responsive2 f9ally ( tradition & in/itutional au?ority1 because ^! likewise jeop>dise ! s\l's exp]im5tal developm5t z1 9 pr(\nd isolation1 %e wre/les ) reality & ) h] own inspiration4 ,sid5ote3 & ( c\rage4 ,9 ?us meet+ ! _w ! s\l )\t exp]i5ce %[s a f9e c\rage proportionate to its own vig\r4 ,we may well imag9e t lions & porpoises h a m mascul9e assurance t ,god is on _! side ?an ev] visits ! brea/ ( antelope or jelly-fi%4 ,?is assurance1 :5 put to ! te/ 9 adv5tur\s liv+1 becomes 9 a /rong & high-br$ creature a refusal to be defeat$1 a gallant det]m9ation to hold ! la/ dit* & hope = ! be/ 9 spite ( appe>ances4 ,x is a "p ( ,prote/antism to be au/]e1 en]getic1 unwe>i$ 9 "s labori\s task4 ,! end & pr(it are n s mu* reg>d$ z ! m]e habit ( self-control & practical devotion & /ead9ess4 ,! po9t is to accompli% some?+1 no matt] p>ticul>ly :at2 s t ,prote/ants %[ on ?is gr\nd "s respect ev5 = an arti/ :5 he has once a*iev$ success4 ,a c]ta9 exp]i5ce ( ill =tune is only a /imulus to ?is fidelity4 ,s great is ! antec$5t tru/ 9 ! _w t ! _w1 z x appe>s at fir/ blu%1 may be confid5tly defi$4 ,sid5ote3 b ! voice ( inexp]i5ce4 ,h5ce1 9 spite ( a !oretic optimism1 disapproval & proscription play a l>ge "p 9 ,prote/ant s5tim5t4 ,! zeal = righte\sness1 ! practical expectation t all %all be well1 _c tol]ate recognis$ evils4 ,evils mu/ be aboli%$ or at lea/ hidd52 !y mu/ n (f5d ! face ( day & give ! lie to univ]sal sanctimony4 ,?is au/]ity & repression1 ?\gh !y involve occasional hypocrisy1 lead also to sub/antial moral recon/ruction4 ,prote/antism1 spr++ f a pure he>t1 purifies conv5tion & is a tonic to any society 9 :i* x prom95tly exi/s4 ,x has ! secret ( t hone/ simplicity :i* belongs to unspoil$ y\?1 t ke5 integrity native to ! ungall$ _s z yet unconsci\s ( any duplicity 9 itself or ( any inw>d reason :y x %\ld fail4 ,! only evils x recognises seem s _m *all5ges to action1 s _m conditions = "s glori\s un?\ght-( victory4 ,su* a religion is inde$ pr(\ndly ignorant1 x is ! religion ( inexp]i5ce1 yet x has1 at its core1 ! v _s ( life4 ,its error is only to consid] ! w omnipot5t & sacr$ & n to di/+ui% ! field ( inevitable failure f t ( possible success4 ,success1 h[ev]1 w\ld nev] be possible )\t t fund ( en]gy & t lat5t resolve & det]m9ation :i* br+ also fai? 9 success4 ,animal optimism is a great r5ovator & dis9fectant 9 ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,its emancipation f ,*ri/ianity4 ,x 0 ?is y\?ful religion--pr(\nd1 b>b>ic1 poetical--t ! ,teutonic races ins9uat$ into ,*ri/ianity & sub/itut$ = t la/ sigh ( two expir+ worlds4 ,9 ! end1 ) ! complete crumbl+ away ( ,*ri/ian dogma & tradition1 ,absolute ,egotism appe>$ op5ly on ! surface 9 ! %ape ( ,g]man speculative philosophy4 ,?is =m1 :i* ,prote/antism assum$ at a mom5t ( high t5sion & reckless self-suffici5cy1 x w d\btless %$ 9 turn & take on new expressions2 b t decl>ation ( indep5d5ce on ! "p ( ! ,teutonic _s m>ks emphatically its exit f ,*ri/ianity & ! end ( t s]ies ( trans=mations 9 :i* x took ! ,bible & patri/ic dogma = its mat]ials4 ,x n[ bids fair to apply itself in/ead to social life & natural sci5ce & to attempt to fe$ its ,protean hung] directly f ^! m homely s\rces4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,conflict ,,( ,,my?ology ,,) ,,moral ,,tru? ,sid5ote3 ,my? %\ld dissolve ) ! advance ( sci5ce4 ,t magic & my?ology h no exp]im5tal sanction is cle> s soon z exp]i5ce beg9s to be ga!r$ toge!r ) any c>e4 ,z magic attempts to d "w by incantations1 s my? tries to atta9 k by play+ ) lies4 ,! attempt is 9 ! fir/ in/ance inevitable & ev5 innoc5t1 = x takes "t to discrim9ate valid f valueless fancies 9 a m9d 9 :i* !y spr+ up toge!r1 ) no intr9sic m>k to di/+ui% !m4 ,! idle notion attracts att5tion no less ?an ! "o de/9$ to prove significant2 (t5 x pleases m4 ,only wat*ful eyes & t r>e ?+1 consci5ce appli$ to memory1 c pluck work+ notions f ! gay & lascivi\s vegetation ( ! m9d1 or le>n to pref] ,c9d]ella to h] impud5t si/]s4 ,if a my? has "s modicum ( applicability or significance x takes root all ! m firmly side by side ) k4 ,!re are _m subjects ( :i* man is naturally s ignorant t only my?ical notions c seem to d !m ju/ice2 su*1 = in/ance1 are ! m9ds ( o!r m54 ,my? rema9s = ?is reason a con/itu5t "p ev5 ( ! mo/ rational consci\sness1 & :at c at pres5t be pr(itably attempt$ is n s mu* to aboli% my? z to become aw>e ( its my?ical "*4 ,! m>k ( a my? is t x does n int]pret a ph5om5on 9 t]ms capable ( be+ subsum$ "u ! same category ) t ph5om5on itself1 b fills x out in/ead ) images t c\ld nev] appe> side by side ) x or complete x on its own plane ( exi/5ce4 ,?us if m$itat+ on ! moon ,i conceive h] o!r side or ! aspect %e w\ld we> if ,i 7 travell+ on h] surface1 or ! position %e w\ld assume 9 relation to ! e>? if view$ f "s o!r planet1 or ! /ructure %e w\ld disclose c\ld %e be cut 9 halves1 my ?9k+1 h[ev] fanciful1 w\ld be on ! sci5tific plane & n my?ical1 = x w\ld =eca/ possible p]ceptions1 complem5t>y to ^? ,i am try+ to enl>ge4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i say ! moon is ! sun's si/]1 t %e c>ries a silv] b[1 t %e is a virg9 & once look$ lov+ly on ! sleep+ ,endymion1 only ! fool nev] knew x--my lucubration is my?ical2 = ,i d n pret5d t ?is embroid]y on ! aspects :i* ! moon actually we>s 9 my feel+ & 9 ! int]/ices ( my ?\ghts c\ld ev] be translat$ into p]ceptions mak+ "o sy/em ) ! pres5t image4 ,by go+ clos] to t disc ,i %\ld n see ! silv] b[1 nor by retreat+ 9 "t %\ld ,i come to ! mom5t :5 ! sun & moon 7 actually born ( ,latona4 ,! elem5ts are incongru\s & d n =m "o exi/5ce b two1 ! fir/ s5sible1 ! o!r only to be enact$ dramatically1 & hav+ at be/ to ! fir/ ! relation ( an exp]i5ce to its symbol4 ,^! fancies are n =e-ta/es ( possible p]ceptions1 b are free int]pretations or translations ( ! p]ceptions ,i h actually _h4 ,my?ical ?9k+ has its roots 9 reality1 b1 l a plant1 t\*es ! gr\nd only at "o end4 ,x /&s unmov$ & fl[]s wantonly into ! air1 transmut+ into unexpect$ & ri*] =ms ! sub/ances x sucks f ! soil4 ,x is !re=e a fruit ( exp]i5ce1 an ornam5t1 a pro( ( animal vitality2 b x is no vehicle = exp]i5ce2 x _c s]ve ! purposes ( transitive ?\ght or action4 ,sci5ce1 on ! o!r h&1 is con/itut$ by ^? fancies :i*1 aris+ l my?s out ( p]ception1 reta9 a s5su\s language & po9t to fur!r p]ceptions ( ! same k9d2 s t ! sugge/ions drawn f "o object p]ceiv$ are only ideas ( o!r objects simil>ly p]ceptible4 ,a sci5tific hypo!sis is "o :i* repres5ts some?+ cont9u\s ) ! obs]v$ facts & conceivably exi/5t 9 ! same m$ium4 ,sci5ce is a bridge t\*+ exp]i5ce at bo? ends1 ov] :i* practical ?\ght may travel f act to act1 f p]ception to p]ception4 ,sid5ote3 ,b my? is confus$ ) ! moral values x expresses4 ,to sep>ate fable f k no?+ is !re=e requisite except close scrut9y & ! pr9ciple ( p>simony4 ,7 my?ology m]ely a poetic sub/itute = natural sci5ce ! advance ( sci5ce w\ld suffici5tly dispose ( x4 ,:at rema9$ ov] w\ld1 l ! my?s 9 ,plato1 be at lea/ bett] ?an total sil5ce on a subject t int]e/s u & makes u ?9k1 al?\gh we h no means ( te/+ our ?\ghts 9 its reg>d4 ,b ! *ief s\rce ( p]plexity & confusion 9 my?ology is its confusion ) moral tru?4 ,! my? :i* orig9ally 0 b a symbol sub/itut$ = empirical descriptions becomes 9 ! sequel an idol sub/itut$ = ideal values4 ,?is complication1 f :i* half ! tr\bles ( philosophy arise1 des]ves our c>eful att5tion4 ,european hi/ory has n[ come twice ^u ! dissolution ( my?ologies1 fir/ among ! ,/oics & !n among ! ,prote/ants4 ,! circum/ances 9 ! two cases 7 v unlike2 s 7 ! my?ical sy/ems t 7 disc>d$2 & yet ! issue 0 9 bo? in/ances simil>4 ,greek & ,*ri/ian my?ology h alike end$ 9 pan!ism4 ,s soon z ! con/ructions ( ! poets & ! ,fa!rs 7 se5 to be +5i\s fictions1 criticism 0 confront$ ) an obvi\s duty3 to break up ! my?ical comp\nd furni%$ by tradition into its elem5ts1 putt+ on "o side :at natural obs]vation or actual hi/ory _h suppli$1 & on ! o!r :at dramatic imag9ation _h add$4 ,= a cool & dis9t]e/$ obs]v] ! task1 :]e evid5ce & records 7 n want+1 w\ld be simple en\gh4 ,b ! critic 9 ?is case w\ld n usually be cool or dis9t]e/$4 ,8 religion 0 conc]n$2 he _h no o!r object to hang 8 fai? & happ9ess ^u ?an j ?is traditional hybrid :i* 8 own enlight5m5t 0 n[ dissolv+4 ,to :i* "p %\ld he turn = support8 ,9 :i* qu>t] %\ld he cont9ue to place ! object ( 8 wor%ip8 ,sid5ote3 ,neo-,platonic revision4 ,f ! age ( ! ,sophi/s to ! f9al disappe>ance ( paganism ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s elaps$4 ,a ?\s& ye>s f ! infliction ( a mortal w\nd to ! mom5t ( ext9ction is a long agony4 ,religions d n disappe> :5 !y are discr$it$2 x is requisite t !y %\ld be replac$4 ,= a ?\s& ye>s ! augurs may h laugh$1 !y 7 b\nd nev]!less to /& at _! po/s until ! monks came to relieve !m4 ,dur+ ?is prolong$ decrepitude paganism liv$ on in]tia1 by accretions f ! ,ori5t1 & by philosophic re9t]pretations4 ,( ^! re9t]pretations ! fir/ 0 t attempt$ by ,plato1 & aft]w>d c>ri$ out by ! neo-,platoni/s & ,*ri/ians into ! notion ( a sup]natural spiritual hi]>*y2 above1 a dialectical deity1 ! hypo/asis ( intellect & its ontological phases2 bel[1 a ho/ ( angels & demons1 hypo/ases ( faculties1 moral influ5ces1 & evil prompt+s4 ,9 o!r words1 9 ! diremption ( my?s :i* yield$ "h a natural ph5om5on to be expla9$ & !re a moral value to be embodi$1 ,platonism atta*$ div9ity exclusively to ! moral elem5t4 ,! ideas1 :i* 7 ess5tially moral functions1 7 _m & et]nal2 _! physical embodim5ts 7 adv5titi\s to !m & con/itut$ a lapse1 a mis=tune to be wip$ out by an ev5tual reunion ( ! ali5at$ nature ) its own ideal4 ,religion 9 su* a sy/em necess>ily meant r$emption4 ,9 ?is movem5t paganism turn$ t[>d ! future1 t[>d sup]natural & reveal$ religion1 & away f its own naturali/ic pr9ciple4 ,revelation1 z ,plato himself _h said1 0 ne$$ to guide a m9d :i* di/ru/$ ph5om5a & recoil$ f e>?ly pursuits4 ,sid5ote3 ,x made my?ical entities ( ab/ractions4 ,?is religion _h ! /r5g? ( despair1 b all else 9 x 0 weakness4 ,ap>t f a revelation :i*1 until ,*ri/ianity appe>$1 rema9$ nebul\s & arbitr>y1 !re c\ld be no means ( ma9ta9+ ! exi/5ce ( ^? hypo/asis$ moral entities4 ,! ef=t to sep>ate !m f ! natural functions :i* !y evid5tly express$ c\ld n succe$ :ile any critical acum5 or indep5d5ce subsi/$ 9 ! believ]4 ,platonism1 to become a religion1 _h to appeal to sup]/ition4 ,unity1 = in/ance 7:i*1 accord+ to ,plato himself1 is a category applicable to ev]y?+ concomitantly ) ! complem5t>y category ( multiplicity1 = ev]y?+1 he says1 is evid5tly bo? "o & _m7--unity c\ld n become ! ,"o1 an indep5d5t & supreme deity1 unless ! mean+ & function ( unity 7 altoge!r =gott5 & a fooli% idolatry1 agape at words1 7 sub/itut$ = und]/&+4 ,"s "o _h to come ) an air ( au?ority & report 8 visions ( ! ,"o be=e su* an entity c\ld be add$ to ! catalogue ( actual exi/5ces4 ,! reality ( all neo-,platonic hypo/asis 0 ?us dep5d5t on revelation & on =gett+ ! mean+ once convey$ by ! t]ms s my/]i\sly transfigur$ into metaphysical be+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,hypo/asis ru9s ideals4 ,?is divorce ( neo-,platonic ideas f ! functions !y orig9ally repres5t$ 9 human life & disc\rse 0 f\nd 9 ! end to defeat ! v int]e/ t _h prompt$ x--en?usiasm = ! ideal4 ,en?usiasm = ! ideal _h l$ ,plato to treat all beauties z /epp+-/ones t[>d a p]fect beauty 9 :i* all _! *>ms might be pres5t toge!r1 et]nally & )\t alloy4 ,en?usiasm = ! ideal _h p]suad$ him t mortal life 0 only an imp$$ ef=t to fall back into et]nity4 ,^! inspir$ b /rictly un?9kable sugge/ions fell f 8 lips 9 8 zeal to express h[ mu* ! burd5 & import ( exp]i5ce exce$$ its s5su\s vehicle 9 p]man5ce & value4 ,a ?\s& triangles reveal$ "o pregnant proportion ( l9es & areas2 a ?\s& b$s & bridles s]v$ "o p]petual purpose 9 human life1 & f\nd 9 fulfill+ x _! ess5ce & /&>d ( excell5ce2 a ?\s& fasc9ations taught ! same lesson & coalesc$ into "o rev]5t devotion to beauty & nobility :]ev] !y might bloom4 ,x 0 accord+ly a poignant s5se = ! excell5ce ( real ?+s t made ,plato wi% to transc5d !m2 8 metaphysics 0 no?+ b a vision>y intuition ( values1 an idealism 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w4 ,b :5 ! mom5tum ( su* en?usiasm rema9$ )\t its motive p[]1 & its transc5d5ce )\t its inspiration 9 real exp]i5ce1 idealism ceas$ to be an idealisation1 an int]pretation ( reality rea*+ prophetically to its goals4 ,x became a sup]-num]>y second physics1 a _w to :i* an exi/5ce 0 attribut$ :i* c\ld be h>dly conceiv$ & 0 c]ta9ly support$ by no evid5ce1 :ile t significance :i* x really possess$ 9 ref]5ce to natural processes 0 ignor$1 or ev5 d5i$4 ,an idealism :i* _h consi/$ 9 und]/&+ & discrim9at+ values n[ became a sup]/ition incapable ( disc]n+ exi/5ces4 ,x add$ a prodigi\s fictiti\s sett+ to ! cosmos 9 :i* man _h to op]ate2 x obscur$ 8 real int]e/s & possible happ9ess by seek+ to transport him into t unreal environm5t1 ) its fanta/ic & disproportionate economy2 &1 wor/ ( all1 x robb$ ! ideal ( its ideality by te>+ x up f its roots 9 natural w & 9 exp]i5c$ e>?ly b5efits4 ,= an ideal is n ideal if x is ! ideal ( no?+4 ,9 t case x is only a gho/ly exi/5ce1 ) no m moral significance or au?ority 9 relation to ! obs]v] ?an has any happy creature :i* may happ5 to exi/ some:]e 9 ! unkn[n rea*es ( ! univ]se4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,/oic revision4 ,meantime1 a second re9t]pretation ( my?ology 0 attempt$ by ! ,/oics4 ,in/ead ( mov+ =w>d1 l ,plato1 t[>d ! sup]naturalism t 0 = s _m ages to dom9ate ! _w1 ! ,/oics1 ) great] loyalty to pagan pr9ciples1 rev]t$ to ! natural =ces t _h be5 ! *ief basis = ! traditional deities4 ,! progress ( philosophy _h giv5 ! ,/oics a notion ( ! cosmos su* z ! e>ly ,aryan c\ld n h possess$ :5 he record$ & took to he>t 8 scatt]$ obs]vations 9 ! =m ( div9e influ5ces1 z _m & v>i\s z ! obs]vations !mselves4 ,to ! ,/oics ! _w 0 evid5tly "o dynamic sy/em4 ,! p[] t animat$ x 0 !re=e "o ,god4 ,accord+ly1 aft] expla9+ away ! popul> my?s by turn+ !m some:at ru?lessly into moral apologues1 !y proce$$ to id5tify ,zeus ) ! ord] ( nature4 ,?is id5tification 0 support$ by _m traditional t5d5cies & philosophic h9ts4 ,! result+ concept1 ?\gh /ill my?ical1 0 p]haps z rationali/ic z ! /ate ( sci5ce at ! "t c\ld all[4 ,zeus _h be5 f ! beg9n+ a natural =ce1 at once s]5e & =midable1 ! ?und]] no less ?an ! _s ( ! blue4 ,he 0 ! rul] ( gods & m52 he 01 "u limitations1 a sort ( g5]al provid5ce4 ,anaxagoras1 too1 9 proclaim+ ! cosmic function ( reason1 _h prep>$ ! way = ! ,/oics 9 ano!r direction4 ,?is 8reason10 :i* 9 ,socrates & ,plato 0 already a deity1 meant an ord]1 an ord] mak+ = ! good4 ,x 0 ! "n = a pr9ciple mu* l t :i* ,ari/otle call$ ,nature1 an indwell+ prophetic in/9ct by :i* ?+s /rive aft] _! p]fection & happ9ess4 ,n[ ,ari/otle obs]v$ ?is in/9ct1 z behov$ a disciple ( ,socrates1 9 its specific cases1 9 :i* ! good secur$ c\ld be discrim9at$ & visibly atta9$4 ,!re 7 _m s\ls1 ea* ) its provid5t function & immutable guid+ ideal1 "o = ea* man & animal1 "o = ea* heav5ly sph]e1 & "o1 ! prime mov]1 = ! highe/ sph]e ( all4 ,b ! ,/oics1 n tra9$ 9 ! same humane & critical s*ool1 _h felt ! unity1 ( ?+s m dramatically & vaguely 9 ! realm ( physics4 ,l ,x5ophanes ( old1 !y gaz$ at ! broad sky & exclaim$1 8,! ,all is ,"o40 ,unit+ ^! v>i\s influ5ces1 !y f\nd x easy to frame a conception ( ,zeus1 or ! _w1 or ! univ]sal ju/ice & law1 s z to comb9e 9 x a dynamic unity ) a provid5t reason4 ,a _w conceiv$ to be mat]ial & fatally det]m9$ 0 end[$ ) =esight ( its own *anges1 p]fect int]nal h>mony1 & absolute moral dignity4 ,?us my?ology1 ) ! ,/oics1 end$ 9 pan!ism4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ideal surr5d]$ be=e ! physical4 ,by r$uc+ _! gods to a s+le div9e influ5ce1 & id5tify+ ?is 9 turn ) natural =ces1 ! ,/oics _h1 9 "o s5se1 sav$ my?ology4 ,= no "o w\ld be incl9$ to d5y exi/5ce or p[] to ! cosmos1 to ! body ! s\l ( :i* 0 ,zeus4 ,pan!ism1 tak5 !oretically1 is only naturalism poetically express$4 ,x !re=e 0 a mo/ legitimate & cong5ial int]pretation ( paganism = a rationali/ic age4 ,on ! o!r h&1 my?ology _h n be5 a m]e poetic physics2 x _h =mulat$ ! object ( religion2 x _h embodi$ = mank9d its highe/ ideals 9 wor%ipful =ms4 ,x 0 :5 ?is religi\s function 0 transf]r$ to ! god ( pan!ism t ! p>adox & impossibility ( ! re=m became evid5t4 ,nature nei!r is nor c be man's ideal4 ,! sub/itution ( nature = ! traditional & ideal object ( religion involves giv+ nature moral au?ority ov] man2 x involves t elem5t ( ,/oicism :i* is ! synonym ( inhumanity4 ,life & dea?1 good & ill =tune1 happ9ess & mis]y1 s9ce !y fl[ equally f ! univ]sal ord]1 %all be decl>$1 9 spite ( reason1 to be equally good4 ,true virtue %all be r$uc$ to con=mity4 ,he :o has no ideal b t nature %\ld possess h] actual con/itution w be wise & sup]ior to all flatt]y & calamity2 he w be equal 9 dignity to ,zeus4 ,he :o has any less con=mable & m det]m9ate int]e/s w be a fool & a worm4 ,! wise man w1 meantime1 p]=m all ! (fices ( nature2 he w l5d 8 body & 8 m9d to h] pr$e/9$ lab\rs4 ,= pan!i/ic morals1 ?\gh po/-rational1 are n ascetic4 ,9 dislodg+ ! natural ideal f ! m9d1 !y put 9 its place n its sup]natural exagg]ation b a curtailm5t ( x inspir$ by despair4 ,! passions are n r5\nc$ on ! gr\nd t !y imp$e salvation or "s vision>y ec/asy2 !y are m]ely *ill$ by ! s5se t _! defeat1 :5 actual1 is also desirable4 ,z all ! gods h be5 r$uc$ to "o sub/ance or law1 s all human treasures are r$uc$ to "o privilege--t ( =titude4 ,y c always cons5t1 & by a =c$ & p]petual con=mity to nature lift y\rself above all vicissitudes4 ,^? t5d] & t5tative ideals :i* nature really bre$s1 & :i* fill h] ) imp]fect b g5u9e excell5ces1 y w be too /olid to p]ceive or too pr\d to %>e4 ,?us ! h]$it>y ta9t ( my?ology1 ! poison ( lies1 surviv$ 9 ! two =ms ( philosophic paganism :i* x conc]ns u to /udy4 ,9 ,plato's s*ool1 my? help$ to hypo/asise ! ideas &1 by divorc+ !m f _! natural basis1 to deprive !m ( _! significance & moral function1 & r5d] ! wor%ip ( !m sup]/iti\s4 ,9 ! ,/oa ! surviv+ my?ological elem5t turn$ nature1 :5 h] unity & ord] _h be5 p]ceiv$1 into an idol2 s t ! wor%ip ( h] bla/$ all humane & pla/ic ideals & set m5 ^u a va9 & fanatical self-d5ial4 ,bo? philosophies 7 po/-rational1 z befitt$ a decad5t age & z _! rival & heir1 ,*ri/ianity1 0 also4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>allel movem5ts 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,*ri/ianity _h already )9 itself a simil> duality2 be+ a doctr9e ( r$emption1 l neo-,platonism1 x t5d$ to d5y ! natural values ( ?is life2 b1 be+ a doctr9e ( creation & provid5tial gov]nm5t1 comp>able 9 a way to ! ,/oic1 x _h an in]adicable inw>d t5d5cy t[>d pan!ism1 & t[>d a consequ5t acceptance ( bo? ! goods & evils ( ?is _w z sanction$ & requir$ by provid5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,hebraism1 if philosophical1 mu/ be pan!i/ic4 ,! horror :i* pan!ism has always inspir$ 9 ! ,*ur* is l t :i* mat]ialism inspires 9 s5tim5tal ideali/s2 !y attack x cont9ually1 n s mu* because anybody else def5ds x z because !y feel x to be impli$ unmi/akably 9 half _! own t5ets4 ,! non-,platonic half ( ,*ri/ian !ology1 ! ,mosaic half1 is b\nd to become pan!ism 9 ! h&s ( a philosoph]4 ,! ,jews 7 n pan!i/s !mselves1 because !y nev] speculat$ on ! relation :i* omnipot5ce /ood 9 to natural =ces & human acts4 ,!y conceiv$ ,jehovah's omnipot5ce dramatically1 z !y conceiv$ ev]y?+4 ,he might p\nce ^u any?+ & anybody2 he might subv]t or play ) ! laws ( nature2 he might laugh at m5's devices1 & turn !m to 8 own ends2 8 craft & en]gy c\ld n b succe$ 9 e in/ance2 b t 0 n to say t m5 & nature _h no w ( _! own1 & did n proce$ naturally on _! respective ways :5 ,jehovah happ5$ to be busy else:]e4 ,s soon1 h[ev]1 z ?is dramatic sort ( omnipot5ce 0 made sy/ematic by dialectic1 s soon z ! doctr9es ( creation1 omnisci5ce1 & provid5tial gov]nm5t 7 tak5 absolutely1 pan!ism 0 cle>ly involv$4 ,! consequ5ces to moral philosophy 7 truly appall+1 = !n ! s9s ,god puni%$ s signally 7 due to 8 own contrivance4 ,! f]v\rs ( 8 sa9ts1 ! fate ( 8 *os5 p & holy temples1 became no?+ b a puppet-%[ 9 8 ironical self-consci\sness4 ,sid5ote3 ,pan!ism1 ev5 :5 psy*ic1 ignores ideals4 ,! /range/ "p ( ?is sy/em1 or :at w\ld seem s if its antec$5ts 7 n kn[n1 is t x is only half-consci\s ( its physical temp]1 & 9 call+ itself an idealism 7because x makes p]ception & w ! sub/ance ( _! objects71 ?9ks itself an expression ( human aspirations4 ,?is illusion has deep hi/orical roots4 ,x is ! la/ /age ( a my?ical philosophy :i* has be5 e>ne/ly criticis+ its metaphors1 on ! assumption t !y 7 n metaphorical2 :]eby x has /ripp$ !m ( all significance & r$uc$ !m at la/ to ! b>e pr9ciple ( inv]sion4 ,no?+ is any long] idealis$1 yet all is /ill call$ an idealism4 ,a my? is an inv]t$ image ( ?+s1 :]e9 _! moral effects are turn$ into _! dramatic antec$5ts--z :5 ! w9d's rud5ess is turn$ into 8 ang]4 ,:5 ! natural basis ( moral life is n und]/ood1 my? is ! only way ( express+ x !oretically1 z eyes too weak to see ! sun face to face may1 z ,plato says1 = a "t /udy its image mirror$ 9 pools1 &1 z we may add1 inv]t$ !re4 ,s ! good1 :i* 9 itself is spiritual only1 is transpos$ into a natural p[]4 ,at fir/ ?is am\nts to an amiable misrepres5tation ( natural ?+s2 ! gods inhabit ,m\nt ,olympus & ! ,elysian ,fields are n f> we/ ( ,cadiz4 ,) ! advance ( geography ! my?ical facts rec$e1 & 9 a cosmography l ,hegel's1 = in/ance1 !y h disappe>$ altoge!r2 b !re rema9 ! my?ical values once ascrib$ to ^? ideal objects b n[ transf]r$ & fett]$ to ! sad realities t h appe>$ 9 _! place4 ,! titles ( hon\r once be/[$ on a fabl$ _w are ?us appli$ to ! real _w by "r ( inh]itance4 ,sid5ote3 ,truly div9e action limit$ to :at makes = ! good4 ,no?+ c\ld be cle>] ?an ! gr\nds on :i* pi\s m5 9 ! beg9n+ recognise div9e ag5cies4 ,we see1 !y say1 ! h& ( ,god 9 our lives4 ,he has sav$ u f dang]s1 he has com=t$ u 9 sorr[4 ,he has bless$ u ) ! treasures ( life1 ( intellig5ce1 ( affection4 ,he has set ar\nd u a beautiful _w1 & "o /ill m beautiful )9 u4 ,pond]+ all ^! bless+s1 we are conv9c$ t he is mighty 9 ! _w & w "k h[ to make all ?+s good to ^? :o tru/ 9 him4 ,9 o!r words1 pi\s m5 disc]n ,god 9 ! excell5ce ( ?+s4 ,if all 7 well1 z !y hope x may "s day be1 ,god w\ld h5ce=? be pres5t 9 ev]y?+4 ,:ile good is mix$ ) evil1 he is active 9 ! good alone4 ,! pleasantness ( life1 ! preci\sness ( human possessions1 ! beauty & promise ( ! _w1 are pro( ( ,god's p[]2 s is ! /ill+ ( tempe/s & ! =giv5ess ( s9s4 ,b ! s9 itself & ! tempe/1 :i* optimi/ic !ology has to attribute j z mu* to ,god's purposes1 are n attribut$ to him at all by pi\s feel+1 b r to 8 enemies4 ,9 spite ( c5turies wa/$ 9 prea*+ ,god's omnipot5ce1 8 omnipot5ce is contradict$ by e ,*ri/ian judgm5t & e ,*ri/ian pray]4 ,if ! mo/ pi\s ( nations is engag$ 9 w>1 & suff]s a great accid5tal disa/]1 su* z x might expect to be safe f1 ,te deums are sung = ^? t 7 sav$ & ,requiems = ^? t p]i%$4 ,god's (fice1 9 bo? cases1 is to save only4 ,no "o s]i\sly imag9es t ,provid5ce does m ?an gov]n--t is1 wat* ov] & incid5tally modify ! natural c\rse ( affairs--n ev5 9 ! o!r _w1 if =tunes are /ill *angeable !re4 ,sid5ote3 ,ne$ ( an oppos+ pr9ciple4 ,! crit]ion ( div9e activity c\ld n be plac$ m squ>ely & unequivocally 9 ! good4 ,plato & ,ari/otle are n 9 ?is respect bett] morali/s ?an is an unsophi/icat$ piety4 ,god is ! ideal1 & :at manife/s ! ideal manife/s ,god4 ,are y confid5t ( ! p]man5ce & triumph ( ! ?+s y prize8 ,!n y tru/ 9 ,god1 y live 9 ! consci\sness ( 8 pres5ce4 ,! pro( & measure ( rationality 9 ! _w1 & ( ,god's p[] ov] x1 is ! ext5t ( human satisfactions4 ,9 hell1 good p w\ld disbelieve 9 ,god1 & x is impi\s ( ! trembl+ devils to believe 9 him !re4 ,! exi/5ce ( any evil--& if evil is felt x exi/s1 = exp]i5ce is its locus--is a pro( t "s accid5t has intrud$ into ,god's works4 ,if t loyalty to ! good1 :i* is ! pr]equisite ( rationality1 is to rema9 /&+1 we mu/ admit into ! _w1 :ile x conta9s any?+ practically evil1 a pr9ciple1 h[ev] m9imis$1 :i* is n rational4 ,?is irrational pr9ciple may be in]tia 9 matt]1 accid5tal p]v]sity 9 ! w1 or ultimate conflict ( int]e/s4 ,someh[ an elem5t ( resi/ance to ! rational ord] mu/ be introduc$ some:]e4 ,& imm$iately1 9 ord] to di/+ui% ! "p furni%$ by reason f its irrational alloy1 we mu/ f9d "s practical te/2 = if we are to %[ t !re is a great & triumphant rationality 9 ! _w1 9 spite ( irrational accid5ts & brute opposition1 we mu/ frame an idea ( rationality diff]5t f t ( be+4 ,x w no long] d to say1 ) ! optimi/s1 ! rational is ! real1 ! real is ! rational4 ,= we wi% to make a di/9ction1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 our loyalty to ! good1 & n to evisc]ate ! idea ( reason by empty+ x ( its ess5tial mean+1 :i* is action address$ to ! good & ?\ght envisag+ ! ideal4 ,to pi\s feel+1 ! free-w ( creatures1 _! p[]1 active or passive1 ( indep5d5t orig9ation1 is ! explanation ( all defects2 & ev]y?+ :i* is n helpful to m5's purposes mu/ be assign$ to _! own irrationality z its cause4 ,h]e9 lies ! explanation ( t p>adox 9 religi\s feel+ :i* attributes s9 to ! free w1 b rep5tance & e good "w to div9e grace4 ,physically consid]$--z !ology mu/ consid] ! matt]--bo? acts & bo? volitions are equally necess>y & involv$ 9 ! univ]sal ord]2 b practical religion calls div9e only :at makes = ! good4 ,:5ce x foll[s at once t1 bo? )9 & )\t u1 :at is done well is ,god's do+1 & :at is done ill is n4 ,sid5ote3 ,! /&>d ( value is human4 ,?us :at we may call ! practical or ,hebrew !ory ( cosmic rationality betrays 9 pla9e/ possible mann] t reason is prim>ily a function ( human nature4 ,reason dwells 9 ! _w 9 s f> z ! _w is good1 & ! _w is good 9 s f> z x supports ! wills x g5]ates--! excell5ce ( ea* creature1 ! value ( its life1 & ! satisfaction ( its ultimate desires4 ,?us ,hebrew optimism c\ld be moral because1 al?\gh x ass]t$ 9 a s5se ! morality ( ! univ]se1 x ass]t$ ?is only by virtue ( a belief t ! univ]se support$ human ideals4 ,und\bt$ly mu* insi/5ce on ! greatness ( t p[] :i* made = righte\sness 0 9 dang] ( pass+ ov] into idolatry ( greatness & p[]1 = :atev] !y may make4 ,yet ^! relapses into ,nature-wor%ip are ! m r>e 9 t ! ,jews 7 n a speculative p1 & _h 9 ! end to end[ ev5 ,job ) 8 worldly goods 9 ord] to rationalise 8 con/ancy4 ,x 0 only by a sc&al\s h]esy t ,sp9oza c\ld s *ange ! idea ( ,god z to make him indiff]5t to 8 creatures2 & ?is trans=mation1 9 spite ( ! my/ic & /oical piety ( its au?or1 pass$ v ju/ly = a!ism2 = t div9e gov]nm5t & policy _h be5 d5i$ by :i* alone ,god 0 made manife/ to ! ,hebrews4 ,if ,job's rew>d seems to u unwor?y1 we mu/ rememb] t we h s9ce pass$ ?r\gh ! discipl9e ( an extreme moral idealism1 ?r\gh a religion ( sacrifice & sorr[4 ,we %\ld n confuse ! pr9ciple t virtue mu/ someh[ secure ! highe/ good 7= :at %\ld n secure x w\ld n be virtue7 ) ! gross symbols by :i* ! highe/ good might be express$ at ,j]usalem4 ,t ,job %\ld recov] a ?\s& %e-asses may seem to u a poor sop = 8 long angui% ( m9d & body1 & we may h>dly agree ) him 9 f9d+ 8 new set ( *ildr5 j z good z ! old4 ,yet if fidelity _h l$ to no good end1 if x _h n someh[ br\ght happ9ess to somebody1 t fidelity w\ld h be5 folly4 ,!re is a noble folly :i* consi/s 9 pu%+ a pr9ciple usually b5efic5t to su* l5g?s z to r5d] x p]nici\s2 & ! p]t9acity ( ,job w\ld h be5 a case ( su* noble folly if we 7 n someh[ assur$ ( its ultimate fruits4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity we h ! same pr9ciple1 save t ! fruits ( virtue are m spiritually conceiv$2 !y are inw>d peace1 ! sil5ce ( ! passions1 ! possession ( tru?1 & ! love ( ,god & ( our fell[s4 ,?is is a diff]5t conception ( happ9ess1 incomplete1 p]haps1 9 a diff]5t direction4 ,b 7 ev5 ?is att5uat$ happ9ess impossible to realise1 all rationality w\ld vani% n m]ely f ,*ri/ian *>ity & discipl9e1 b f ! :ole ,*ri/ian !ory ( creation1 r$emption1 & judgm5t4 ,)\t "s w9d[ op5 to heav51 religion w\ld be m fanta/ic ?an worldl9ess )\t be+ less irrational & va94 ,sid5ote3 ,hope = happ9ess makes belief 9 ,god4 ,revelation has int]v5$ to br+ ab\t a conception ( ! highe/ good :i* nev] c\ld h be5 d]iv$ f an imp>tial syn!sis ( human int]e/s4 ,! influ5ce ( great p]sonalities & ! fanaticism ( peculi> times & races h jo9$ 9 impos+ su* v>iations f ! natural ideal4 ,! rationality ( ! _w1 z ,*ri/ianity conceiv$ x1 is due to ! plan ( salvation2 & ! satisfaction ( human nature1 h[ev] purifi$ & develop$1 is :at salvation means4 ,if an ascetic ideal c\ld = a mom5t seem acceptable1 x 0 because ! decad5ce & sophi/ication ( ! _w _h produc$ a great despair 9 all noble m9ds2 & !y ?\ght x bett] t an eye or a h& :i* _h (f5d$ %\ld p]i%1 & t !y %\ld ent] bl9d & maim$ into ! k+dom ( heav51 ?an t1 :ole & see+1 !y %\ld rema9 = ev] 9 hell-fire4 ,sup]natural1 !n1 z ! ideal might seem1 & impos$ on human nature f above1 x 0 yet accept$ only because no?+ else1 9 t /ate ( consci5ce & imag9ation1 c\ld revive hope2 no?+ else seem$ to (f] an escape f ! he>t's corruption & we>9ess into a new exi/5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,compromise ,! human _s has n pass$ 9 hi/orical times ?r\gh a m critical situation or a great] revulsion ?an t involv$ 9 accept+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,0 ?is ev5t fav\rable to ! life ( ,reason8 ,0 x a progress 9 compet5ce1 und]/&+1 & happ9ess8 ,any absolute answ] w\ld be mislead+4 ,*ri/ianity did n come to de/roy2 ! anci5t spr+s 7 dry already1 & = two or ?ree c5turies unmi/akable signs ( decad5ce _h appe>$ 9 e sph]e1 n lea/ 9 t ( religion & philosophy4 ,*ri/ianity 0 a recon/ruction out ( ru9s4 ,9 ! new _w compet5ce c\ld only be indirect1 und]/&+ my?ical1 happ9ess surreptiti\s2 b all ?ree subsi/$1 & x 0 ,*ri/ianity t gave !m _! necess>y disguises4 ,sid5ote3 ,susp5se betwe5 hope & disillusion4 ,! "y ,we/ _h fail$ 9 its fir/ great exp]im5t1 =1 ?\gh classic virtue & beauty & a great classic /ate subsi/$1 ! =ce t _h creat$ !m 0 sp5t4 ,0 x possible to try aga98 ,0 x necess>y to sit d[n1 l ! ,ori5t1 9 p]petual flux & et]nal apa?y8 ,?is "q 0 answ]$ by ,*ri/ianity 9 a way1 "u ! circum/ances1 extremely happy4 ,! ,gospel1 on :i* ,*ri/ianity 0 f\nd$1 _h drawn a v %>p contra/ betwe5 ?is _w & ! k+dom ( heav5--a phrase admitt+ _m int]pretations4 ,f ! ,jewi% mill5nium or a cele/ial p>adise x c\ld %ift its s5se to mean ! invisible ,*ur*1 or ev5 ! inn] life ( ea* my/ical _s4 ,platonic philosophy1 to :i* patri/ic !ology 0 alli$1 _h made a contra/ n less extreme betwe5 s5se & _s1 betwe5 life 9 "t & absorption 9 et]nity4 ,arm$ ) ?is d\ble dualism1 ,*ri/ianity c\ld prea* bo? r5unciation & hope1 bo? asceticism & action1 bo? ! mis]y ( life & ! bless+ ( creation4 ,x ev5 en%r9$ ! two attitudes 9 its dogma1 unit+ ! ,jewi% doctr9e ( a div9e ,creator & ,gov]nor ( ?is _w ) t ( a div9e ,r$eem] to lead u into ano!r4 ,p]sons 7 n lack+ to p]ceive ! contradiction inh]5t 9 su* an eclecticism2 & x 0 ! ,gno/ic or neo-,platonic p>ty1 :i* d5i$ creation & taught a pure asceticism1 t _h ! be/ ( ! argum5t4 ,! ,we/1 h[ev]1 w\ld n yield to _! logic4 ,x might1 9 an h\r ( tr\ble & weakness1 make concessions to quietism & accept ! cross1 b x w\ld n suff] ! naturali/ic note to die out altoge!r4 ,x pref]r$ an inconsi/5cy1 :i* x h>dly p]ceiv$1 to a complete surr5d] ( its in/9cts4 ,x settl$ d[n to ! conviction t ,god creat$ ! _w & r$eem$ x2 t ! s\l is naturally good & ne$s salvation4 ,sid5ote3 ,sup]ficial solution4 ,?is contradiction c be expla9$ exot]ically by say+ t "t & *ang$ circum/ances sep>ate ! two situations3 hav+ made ! _w p]fect1 ,god r$eems x aft] x has become corrupt2 & :]eas all ?+s are naturally good1 !y may by accid5t lose _! excell5ce1 & ne$ to h x re/or$4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 an esot]ic side to ! matt]4 ,a s\l t may be r$eem$1 a w t may look =w>d to a situation 9 :i* its action w n be va9 or s9ful1 is "o t 9 tru? has nev] s9n$2 x has m]ely be5 ?w>t$4 ,its ambition is rational1 & :at its he>t desires is ess5tially good & ideal4 ,s t ! :ole classic attitude1 ! fai? 9 action1 art1 & intellect1 is pres]v$ "u ?is protect+ cuticle ( dogma2 no?+ 0 ne$$ b a little c\rage1 & circum/ances some:at m fav\rable1 = ! natural man to ass]t himself aga94 ,a p believ+ 9 ! resurrection ( ! fle% 9 heav5 w n be av]se to a reawak5+ ( ! m9d on e>?4 ,sid5ote3 ,b f :at %all we be r$eem$8 ,ano!r pitfall1 h[ev]1 op5s "h4 ,^! contra/$ doctr9es may *ange rles4 ,s long z by r$emption we und]/&1 9 ! my/ic way1 exaltation above f9itude & exi/5ce1 because all p>ticul>ity is s91 to be r$eem$ is to ab&on ! ,life ( ,reason2 b r$emption might mean extrication f unt[>d accid5ts1 s t a rational life might be l$ "u "r conditions4 ,in/ead ( be+ l ,buddha1 ! r$eem] might be l ,prome!us4 ,9 t case1 h[ev]1 ! creator w\ld become l ,zeus--a tyrant w responsible = our conditions r ?an expressive ( our ideal4 ,! doctr9e ( creation w\ld become pan!ism & t ( r$emption1 =m]ly ascetic1 w\ld repres5t /ruggl+ humanity4 ,sid5ote3 ,typical attitude ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,! see?+ ( ^! pot5t & ambigu\s elem5ts c be /udi$ n[h]e bett] ?an 9 ,sa9t ,augu/9e4 ,he is a m g5ial & complete repres5tative ( ,*ri/ianity ?an any ( ! ,greek ,fa!rs1 9 :om ! ,hebraic & ,roman vitality 0 comp>atively abs5t4 ,philosophy 0 only "o phase ( ,augu/9e's g5ius2 ) him x 0 an in/rum5t ( zeal & a /epp+-/one to salvation4 ,sc>cely _h x be5 born out ( rhetoric :5 x 0 smo!r$ 9 au?ority4 ,yet ev5 9 t prec>i\s & episodic =m x acquir$ a wond]ful sweep1 dep?1 & te*nical elaboration4 ,he /&s at ! wat]%$ ( hi/ory1 look+ ov] ei!r l&2 8 invectives tea* u almo/ z mu* ( paganism & h]esy z 8 exhortations d ( ,ca?olicism4 ,to ,greek subtlety he jo9s ,hebrew f]v\r & monki% intol]ance2 he has a ,lat9 amplitude & 7x mu/ be confess$7 co>s5ess ( feel+2 b above all he is ! illum9$1 enraptur$1 =giv5 sa9t4 ,9 him !ology1 h[ev] speculative1 rema9s a vehicle = liv+ piety2 & :ile he has1 p]haps1 done m ?an any o!r man to mat]ialise ,*ri/ianity1 no "o 0 ev] m truly fill$ ) its _s4 ,sid5ote3 ,he a*ieves ,platonism4 ,sa9t ,augu/9e 0 a ?or\gh ,platoni/1 b to rea* t position he _h to pass 9 8 y\? ?r\gh sev]e m5tal /ruggles4 ,! difficult triumph ov] ! s5su\s imag9ation by :i* he atta9$ ! conception ( intelligible objects 0 won only aft] long discipl9e & mu* read+ ( ,platonis+ philosoph]s4 ,e reality seem$ to him at fir/ an object ( s5se3 ,god1 if he exi/$1 mu/ be p]ceptible1 = to ,sa9t ,augu/9e's m9d also1 at ?is e>ly & s5su\s /age ( its developm5t1 esse 0 p]cipi4 ,he might nev] h work$ himself loose f ^! limitations1 ) :i* 8 vivid fancy & n too delicate eloqu5ce might easily h be5 satisfi$1 _h x n be5 = 8 preoccupation ) !ology4 ,god mu/ someh[ be conceiv$2 = no "o 9 t age ( religi\s ne$ & ( !ological passion felt bo? m int5sely ?an ,sa9t ,augu/9e4 ,if s5sible objects alone 7 real1 ,god mu/ be some:]e discov]able 9 space2 he mu/ ei!r h a body l ! human1 or be ! body ( ! univ]se1 or "s subtl] body p]meat+ & mov+ all ! re/4 ,^! conceptions all (f]$ s]i\s dialectical difficulties1 &1 :at 0 m to ! po9t1 !y did n satisfy ! religi\s & ideali/ic in/9ct :i* ! :ole movem5t ( ,sa9t ,augu/9e's m9d obey$4 ,s he press$ 8 inquiries f>!r4 ,at l5g? m$itation1 & m1 p]haps1 t exp]i5ce ( ! flux & vanity ( natural ?+s on :i* ,plato himself _h built 8 heav5 ( ideas1 p]suad$ him t reality & sub/antiality1 9 any eulogi/ic s5se1 mu/ belong r to ! imp]ceptible & et]nal4 ,only t :i* is nev] an object ( s5se or exp]i5ce c be ! root & pr9ciple ( exp]i5ce & s5se4 ,only ! invisible & *angeless c be ! sub/ance ( a mov+ %[4 ,god c\ld n[ be appreh5d$ & believ$ 9 precisely because he 0 ess5tially invisible3 _h he any:]e appe>$ he c\ld n be ! pr9ciple ( all appe>ance2 _h he _h a body & a locus 9 ! univ]se1 he c\ld n h be5 its spiritual creator4 ,! ultimate objects ( human k 7 accord+ly ideas1 n ?+s2 pr9ciples rea*$ by ! intellect1 n objects by any possibility (f]$ to s5se4 ,! me?odological concepts ( sci5ce1 by :i* we pass f fact to fact & f pa/ p]ception to future1 did n attract ,augu/9e's att5tion4 ,he admitt$1 x is true1 t !re 0 a subord9ate1 & to him app>5tly un9t]e/+1 region gov]n$ by 8c]tissima ratione vel exp]i5tia10 & he ev5 wi%$ sci5ce to be all[$ a free h& )9 t empirical & logical sph]e4 ,a my/ic & allegorical int]pretation ( ,scripture 0 to be invok$ to avoid ! pu]ilities into :i* any lit]al int]pretation--( ! creation 9 six days1 = in/ance--w\ld be sure to run4 ,unbeliev]s w\ld ?us n be sc&alis$ by my?ical dogmas 8conc]n+ ?+s :i* !y might h actually exp]i5c$1 or discov]$ by sure calculation40 ,sci5ce 0 to h its way 9 ! field ( calculable exp]i5ce2 t region c\ld be ! m readily surr5d]$ by ,augu/9e because 8 att5tion 0 h5ce=? held by ^? ideal objects :i* he _h s labori\sly come to conceive4 ,^! 7 concepts ( ! contemplative reason or imag9ation1 :i* envisages natures & et]nal ess5ces beh9d ! v>iations ( exp]i5ce1 ess5ces :i* at fir/ receive names1 becom+ ?us ! c5tres ( rational disc\rse1 !n acquire values1 becom+ guides to action & measures ( a*ievem5t1 & f9ally attract unconditional wor%ip1 be+ reg>d$ z ! fir/ causes & ultimate goals ( all exi/5ce & aspiration4 ,sid5ote3 ,he id5tifies x ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is purely ,platonic philosophy1 h[ev]1 0 n to /& alone4 ,l e phase ( ,sa9t ,augu/9e's speculation1 x came1 z we h said1 to buttress or express "s religi\s belief4 ,b x is a pro( ( 8 dep? & purity ( s\l t 8 se>*+ philosophic intuition did m to spiritualise ! dogmas he accept$ f o!rs ?an ^! dogmas c\ld d to d5aturalise 8 spontane\s philosophy4 ,platonic ideas _h by t "t long lo/ _! moral & repres5tative value1 _! ,socratic significance4 ,!y _h become ontological entities1 :]eas orig9ally !y _h repres5t$ ! rational functions ( life4 ,?is hypo/asis ( ! rational1 by :i* ! rational abdicates its mean+ 9 ! ef=t to acquire a metaphysical exi/5ce1 _h already be5 c>ri$ to its extreme by ! ,neo-,platoni/s4 ,b ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 :ile helpless z a philosoph] to resi/ t speculative realism1 0 able z a ,*ri/ian to infuse into ^? dead concepts "s ( ! human blood :i* _h orig9ally quick5$ !m4 ,metaphysics _h turn$ all human int]e/s into my?ical be+s1 & n[ religion1 )\t at all condemn+ or und]/&+ t trans=mation1 0 go+ to adopt ^? my?ical be+s & turn !m aga9 into moral influ5ces4 ,9 ,sa9t ,augu/9e's m9d1 f$ z x 0 by ! ,psalmi/1 ! ,platonic figm5ts became ! ,*ri/ian ,god1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & ! ,*ri/ian s\l1 & ?us acquir$ an ev5 subtl] moral fragrance ?an t :i* !y _h lo/ :5 !y 7 uproot$ by a vision>y philosophy f ! soil ( ,greek culture4 ,sid5ote3 ,god ! good4 ,sa9t ,augu/9e's way ( conceiv+ ,god is an excell5t illu/ration ( ! p[]1 inh]5t 9 8 religi\s g5ius & s9c]ity1 ( giv+ life & validity to ideas :i* he 0 oblig$ to borr[ 9 "p f a fabul\s tradition & 9 "p f a petrifi$ metaphysics4 ,god1 to him1 0 simply ! ideal et]nal object ( human ?\ght & love4 ,all ideation on an intellectual plane 0 a vague p]ception ( ! div9e ess5ce4 8,! rational s\l und]/&s ,god1 = x und]/&s :at exi/s always un*ang$40 444 8,god is happ9ess2 & 9 him & f him & ?r\gh him all ?+s are happy :i* are happy at all4 ,god is ! good & ! beautiful40 ,he 0 nev] tir$ ( tell+ u t ,god is n true b ! tru? 7i4e41 ! ideal object ( ?\ght 9 any sph]e71 n good b ! good 7i4e41 ! ideal object ( w 9 all its rational manife/ations74 ,9 o!r words1 :5ev] a man1 reflect+ on 8 exp]i5ce1 conceiv$ ! bett] or ! be/1 ! p]fect & ! et]nal1 he conceiv$ ,god1 inadequately1 ( c\rse1 yet ess5tially1 because ,god signifi$ ! compreh5sive ideal ( all ! p]fections :i* ! human _s c\ld behold 9 itself or 9 its objects4 ,( ?is div9e ess5ce1 accord+ly1 e int]e/+ ?+ 0 a manife/ation2 all virtue & beauty 7 p>cels ( x1 tok5s ( its sup]abundant grace4 ,h5ce ! inexhau/ible passion ( ,sa9t ,augu/9e t[>d 8 ,god2 h5ce ! sweetness ( t endless colloquy 9 pray] into :i* he 0 cont9ually relaps+1 a passion & a sweetness :i* no "o w und]/& to :om ,god is prim>ily a natural p[] & only accid5tally a moral ideal4 ,sid5ote3 ,prim>y & second>y religion4 ,h]e9 lies ! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 ^? 9 :om religion is spontane\s & prim>y--a v few--^? 9 :om x is imitative & second>y4 ,to ! =m]1 div9e ?+s are inw>d values1 project$ by *ance into images furni%$ by poetic tradition or by ext]nal nature1 :ile to ! latt]1 div9e ?+s are 9 ! fir/ in/ance objective factors ( nature or ( social tradition1 al?\gh !y h come1 p]haps1 to possess "s po9t ( contact ) ! int]e/s ( ! inn] life on acc\nt ( ! suppos$ physical influ5ce :i* ^? sup]-human entities h ov] human =tunes4 ,9 a ^w1 !ology1 = ^? ^: religion is second>y1 is simply a false physics1 a doctr9e ab\t ev5tual exp]i5ce n f\nd$ on ! exp]i5ce ( ! pa/4 ,su* a false physics1 h[ev]1 is soon discr$it$ by ev5ts2 x does n require mu* exp]i5ce or mu* %rewdness to discov] t sup]natural be+s & laws are )\t ! empirical efficacy :i* 0 attribut$ to !m4 ,true physics & true hi/ory mu/ always t5d1 9 enlight5$ m9ds1 to supplant ^? mis9t]pret$ religi\s traditions4 ,!re=e1 ^? ^: reflection or s5tim5t does n furni% !m ) a key to ! moral symbolism & poetic validity und]ly+ !ological ideas1 if !y apply _! intellig5ce to ! subject at all1 & c>e to be s9c]e1 w v soon come to reg>d religion z a delusion4 ,:]e religion is prim>y1 h[ev]1 all t worldly dread ( fraud & illusion becomes irrelevant1 z x is irrelevant to an arti/'s pleasure to be w>n$ t ! beauty he expresses has no objective exi/5ce1 or z x w\ld be irrelevant to a ma!matician's reason+ to suspect t ,py?agoras 0 a my? & 8 suppos$ philosophy an abracadabra4 ,to ! religi\s man religion is inw>dly ju/ifi$4 ,god has no ne$ ( natural or logical witnesses1 b speaks himself )9 ! he>t1 be+ inde$ t ineffable attraction :i* dwells 9 :atev] is good & beautiful1 & t p]suasive visitation ( ! s\l by ! et]nal & incorruptible by :i* %e feels h]self purifi$1 rescu$ f mortality1 & giv5 an inh]itance 9 ! tru?4 ,?is is precisely :at ,sa9t ,augu/9e knew & felt ) rem>kable cle>ness & p]si/5ce1 & :at he express$ unmi/akably by say+ t e intellectual p]ception is k ( ,god or has ,god's nature = its object4 ,pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god are !re=e n ne$$1 s9ce 8 exi/5ce is 9 "o s5se obvi\s & 9 ano!r ( no religi\s int]e/4 ,x is obvi\s 9 ! s5se t ! ideal is a t]m ( moral exp]i5ce1 & t tru?1 goodness1 & beauty are inevitably envisag$ by any "o ^: life has 9 "s measure a rational quality4 ,x is ( no religi\s int]e/ 9 ! s5se t p]haps "s physical or dynamic absolute might be sci5tifically discov]able 9 ! d>k entrails ( nature or ( m9d4 ,! great diff]5ce betwe5 religion & metaphysics is t religion looks = ,god at ! top ( life & metaphysics at ! bottom2 a fact :i* expla9s :y metaphysics has su* difficulty 9 f9d+ ,god1 :ile religion has nev] lo/ him4 ,?is br+s u to ! gr& *>act]i/ic & contradiction ( ,sa9t ,augu/9e's philosophy1 a *>act]i/ic :i* c be be/ /udi$1 p]haps1 9 him1 al?\gh x has be5 inh]it$ by all ,*ri/ian !ology & 0 already pres5t 9 ,/oic & ,platonic speculation1 :5 ! latt] _h lo/ its e?ical moor+s4 ,?is is ! idea t ! same ,god :o is ! ideal ( human aspiration is also ! creator ( ! univ]se & its only prim>y sub/ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,ambigu\s efficacy ( ! good 9 ,plato4 ,if ,plato1 :5 he wrote t f9e & pr(\nd passage 9 ! six? book ( ! ,republic1 :]e he says t ! good is ! cause ( all intellig5ce 9 ! m9d & ( all intelligibility 9 ! object1 & inde$ ! pr9ciple ( all ess5ce & exi/5ce--if ,plato c\ld h =ese5 :at 8 oracul> hyp]bole 0 to bre$ 9 ! _w1 we may well believe t he w\ld h expung$ x f 8 pages ) ! same sev]ity ) :i* he bani%$ ! poets f 8 ,/ate4 ,9 ! lips ( ,socrates1 & at t juncture 9 ! argum5t ( ! ,republic1 ^? s5t5ces h a legitimate mean+4 ,! good is ! pr9ciple ( b5efit1 & ! philosoph]s :o are to rule ! /ate w n be ali5at$ by _! contemplations f practical wisdom1 see+ t ! idea ( ! good--i4e41 ( ! advantage\s1 pr(itable1 & b5eficial--is ! highe/ concept ( ! :ole dialectic1 t 9 ref]5ce to :i* all o!r ideas h place & significance4 ,if we v5tur$ to ext5d ! int]pretation ( ! passage1 reta9+ its _s1 into fields :]e we h m k ?an ,plato c\ld h1 we might say t ! pr9ciple ( ! good g5]ates ess5ce & exi/5ce1 9 ! s5se t all natural organs h functions & utilities by :i* !y e/abli% !mselves 9 ! _w1 & t ! sy/em ( ^! useful functions is ! true ess5ce or idea ( any liv+ ?+4 ,b ! ,socratic orig9 & s5se ( su* a passage z ?is1 & ( o!rs 79 ! ,timu1 = in/ance7 alli$ to x1 0 soon lo/ 9 ! headlong idolatry :i* took possession ( ! neo-,platonic s*ool2 & x 0 ?r\gh ?is m$ium t ,sa9t ,augu/9e receiv$ 8 ,platonic inspiration4 ,! good no long] meant1 z x did to ,plato1 ! pr9ciple ( b5efit ev]y:]e1 b x meant ! good ,be+2 & ?is1 = a ,*ri/ian1 c\ld naturally be none o!r ?an ,god2 s t ! idea t ! good 0 ! creator ( all ess5ce & exi/5ce n[ assum$ a m>vell\sly ,mosaic significance4 ,"h 0 "o ( ^? bits ( primeval revelation :i*1 x 0 expla9$1 _h surviv$ 9 ! hea!n _w4 ,! hypo/asis ( moral conceptions1 !n1 & ( ! idea ( ! good 9 p>ticul>1 l$ up f ! ,platonic side to ! doctr9e ( creation4 ,sid5ote3 ,ambigu\s goodness ( ! creator 9 ,job4 ,! hi/ory ( ! conception among ! ,jews 0 entirely diff]5t1 ! elem5t ( goodness 9 ! creator be+ !re adv5titi\s & ! elem5t ( p[] orig9al4 ,jehovah = ,job 0 a univ]sal =ce1 ju/ifi$ prim>ily by 8 omnipot5ce2 b ?is physical au?ority w\ld 9 ! end1 he hop$1 be p>tly rationalis$ & made to cla% less sc&al\sly ) ! au?ority ( ju/ice4 ,among ! ,greeks1 z 0 to be expect$1 ! idea ( ju/ice 0 m indep5d5t & entire2 b once nam$ & en%r9$1 t div9ity1 too1 t5d$ to absolut5ess1 & c\ld be confus$ ) ! physical basis ( exi/5ce4 ,9 ! ,/oic philosophy ! latt] actually ga9$ ! upp] h&1 & ! problem ( ,job reappe>$ on ! horizon4 ,x did n rise into pa9ful prom95ce1 h[ev]1 until ,*ri/ian times1 :5 absolute moral p]fection & absolute physical efficacy 7 pr$icat$ ( ,god ) equal emphasis1 if n among ! p :o nev] h conceiv$ ,god z ei!r p]fectly good or entirely omnipot5t1 at lea/ among ! !ologians4 ,if n all felt ! contradiction ) equal acut5ess1 ! reason d\btless 0 t a l>ge "p ( _! ?\ght 0 p]functory & m]ely apologetic3 !y did n q mean :at !y said :5 !y spoke ( p]fect goodness2 & we %all see h[ ,sa9t ,augu/9e himself1 :5 r$uc$ to extremities1 surr5d]$ 8 loyalty to ! moral ideal r ?an reconsid] 8 traditional premisses4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,mani*eans4 ,h[ t5aci\sly1 h[ev]1 he clung to ! moral 9 ! religi\s1 we c see by ! difficulty he _h 9 sep>at+ himself f ! ,mani*eans4 ,! ,mani*eans admitt$ two absolutes1 ! ess5ce ( ! "o be+ goodness & ( ! o!r badness4 ,?is sy/em 0 logically weak1 because ^! absolutes 7 9 ! fir/ place two1 :i* is "o contradiction1 & 9 ! second place relative1 :i* is ano!r4 ,b 9 spite ( ! pitfalls into :i* ! ,mani*eans 7 betray$ by _! pursuit ( metaphysical absolutes1 !y 7 support$ by a moral intuition ( great tru? & importance4 ,!y saw t an ess5tially good pr9ciple c\ld n h ess5tial evil = its effect4 ,^! moral t]ms are1 we may ourselves feel sure1 relative to exi/5ce & to actual impulse1 & x may accord+ly be always mislead+ to make !m ! ess5ce ( metaphysical realities3 good & bad may be n exi/5ces b qualities :i* exi/5ces h only 9 relation to dem&s 9 !mselves or 9 "o ano!r4 ,yet if we once laun*1 z _m metaphysicians w\ld h u d1 into ! hypo/asis ( qualities & relations1 x is c]ta9ly bett] & m hone/ to make contradictory qualities into oppos$ entities1 & n to r5d] our metaphysical _w unmean+ z well z fictiti\s by peopl+ x ) concepts 9 :i* ! mo/ important categories ( life are subm]g$ & invalidat$4 ,evil may be no m a metaphysical exi/5ce ?an good is2 bo? are und\bt$ly m]e t]ms = vital utilities & imp$im5ts2 b if we are to indulge 9 my?ology at all1 x is bett] t our my?ology %\ld d symbolic ju/ice to exp]i5ce & %\ld repres5t by contra/$ figures ! in]adicable practical diff]5ce betwe5 ! bett] & ! worse1 ! beautiful & ! ugly1 ! tru/wor?y & ! fallaci\s4 ,to discrim9ate betwe5 ^! ?+s 9 practice is wisdom1 & x %\ld be ! "p ( wisdom to discrim9ate betwe5 !m 9 !ory4 ,! ,mani*eans accord+ly attribut$ :at is good 9 ! _w to "o p[] & :at is bad to ano!r4 ,! fable is transp>5t en\gh1 & we1 :o h only j le>n$ to smile at a p]sonal devil1 may affect to wond] t any "o %\ld ev] h tak5 x lit]ally4 ,b 9 an age :5 ! ass]tive imag9ation 0 un*eck$ by any critical s5se1 su* a device at lea/ avoid$ ! sc&al ( attribut+ all ! evils & s9s ( ?is _w to a pr9ciple ess5tially inviolate & pure4 ,by avoid+ :at mu/ h seem$ a blasphemy to ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 z to e "o ^: speculation 0 /ill relevant to 8 consci5ce & to 8 practical idealism1 ! ,mani*eans ?us prevail$ on _m to ov]look ! contradictions :i* _! sy/em develop$ s soon z its figm5ts 7 project$ into ! sph]e ( absolute exi/5ces4 ,sid5ote3 ,all ?+s good by nature4 ,! horror ) :i* an ideali/ic y\? at fir/ views ! trucul5ce ( nature & ! turpitude ( worldly life is capable ( be+ s(t5$ by exp]i5ce4 ,"t subdues our initial pref]5ces by %[+ u ! complexity ( moral relations 9 ?is _w1 & by ext5d+ our imag9ative sympa?y to =ms ( exi/5ce & passion at fir/ repulsive1 :i* f new & ultra-p]sonal po9ts ( view may h _! natural sweetness & value4 ,9 ?is way1 ,sa9t ,augu/9e 0 ultimately br\ght to appreciate ! ca?olicity & scope ( ^? ,greek sages :o _h taught t all be+ 0 to itself good1 t evil 0 b ! imp$im5t ( natural function1 & t !re=e ! conception ( any?+ totally or ess5tially evil 0 only a petulance or exagg]ation 9 moral judgm5t t took1 z x 71 ! bit 9 its tee?1 & turn$ an incid5tal conflict ( int]e/s into a metaphysical opposition ( natures4 ,all def9ite be+ is 9 itself congru\s ) ! true & ! good1 s9ce its con/itution is intelligible & its op]ation is creative ( values4 ,7 x n = ! limitations ( matt] & ! accid5tal cr[d+ & conflict ( life1 all exi/+ natures might subsi/ & prosp] 9 peace & concord1 j z _! v>i\s ideas live )\t contradiction 9 ! realm ( conceptual tru?4 ,we may say ( all ?+s1 9 ! words ( ! ,gospel1 t _! angels see ! face ( ,god4 ,_! ideals are no less cases ( ! good1 no less in/ances ( p]fection1 ?an is ! ideal lock$ 9 our private bosom4 ,x is ! "p ( ju/ice & *>ity to recognise ?is situation1 9 view ( :i* we may ju/ly say t evil is always relative & subord9ate to "s con/itut$ nature 9 itself a /&>d ( wor?1 a po9t ( dep>ture = ! moral valuation ( ev5tual *anges & ( surr\nd+ ?+s4 ,evil is accord+ly accid5tal & unnatural2 x foll[s ^u ! maladaptation ( actions to natures & ( natures to "o ano!r4 ,x c be no j gr\nd = ! condemnation ( any ( ^? natural ess5ces :i* only give rise to x by _! imp]fect realisation4 ,! ,semitic idea ( creation c\ld n[ receive t philosophical int]pretation :i* x s sadly ne$$4 ,primordially1 & 9 respect to :at 0 positive 9 !m1 all ?+s might he expressions ( ! good2 9 _! ess5ce & ideal /ate !y might be said to be creat$ by ,god4 ,= ,god 0 ! supreme ideal1 to :i* all o!r goods 7 subord9ate & in/rum5tal2 & if we agree to make a cosmogony out ( morals & to hypo/asise ! s]ies ( rational ideals1 tak5 9 ! inv]se ord]1 into a s]ies ( effici5t causes1 x is cle> t ! highe/ good1 :i* is at ! end ( ! moral scale1 w n[ figure z a fir/ cause at ! beg9n+ ( ! physical sequ5ce4 ,?is op]ation is :at is record$ & dem&$ 9 ! doctr9e ( creation3 a doctr9e :i* w\ld lose its dogmatic =ce if we all[$ ei!r ! moral ideality or ! physical efficacy ( ! creator to drop out ( sight4 ,if ! moral ideality is sacrific$1 we pass to an ord9>y pan!ism1 :ile if ! physical efficacy is surr5d]$1 we take refuge 9 a naturali/ic idealism ( ! ,ari/otelian type1 :]e ! good is a function ( ?+s & nei!r _! sub/ance nor _! cause4 ,sid5ote3 ,! doctr9e ( creation dem&s t ( ! fall4 ,to accept ! doctr9e ( creation1 aft] x _h become famili>1 0 n v h>d1 because ! contradiction x conta9s c\ld !n be set d[n to our imp]fect appreh5sion4 ,! un9telligibility ( matt]s ( fact does n lead u to d5y !m1 b m]ely to /udy !m2 & :5 ! creation 0 accept$ z a fact1 its un9telligibility became m]ely a !ological problem & a religi\s my/]y1 su* z no mortal philosophy c be )\t4 ,b = ,sa9t ,augu/9e ! situation 0 :olly diff]5t4 ,a doctr9e ( ! creation _h to be con/ruct$3 ! disp>ate ideas _h to be syn!sis$ :i* po/]ity 0 aft]w>d to reg>d z ! obvi\s1 if n :olly reconcilable1 attributes ( ! deity4 ,! my/]y c\ld n !n be recognis$2 x _h to be made4 ,& ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 ) 8 vital religion1 ) 8 spontane\s adoration ( ,god ! ideal1 c\ld n attribute to t ideal unimp$$ efficacy 9 ! _w4 ,to admit t all natures 7 ess5tially good might dispel ! ,mani*ean fancy ab\t an ,evil ,absolute engag$ 9 s+le combat ) an ,absolute ,good2 b insight into ! mean+ & ! natural conditions ( evil c\ld only make its pres5ce m obvi\s & its orig9 m intimately b\nd up ) ! g5]al con/itution ( ! _w4 ,evil is only imp]fection2 b ev]y?+ is imp]fect4 ,conflict is only maladaptation1 b !re is maladaptation ev]y:]e4 ,if we assume1 !n1 :at ! doctr9e ( creation requires1 t all ?+s at fir/ proce$$ out ( ! pot5cy ( ! good--_! matt] & =m1 _! di/ribution & _! en]gies1 be+ :olly attributable to ! attraction ( ! ultimately be/--x is cle> t "s calamity mu/ h imm$iately sup]v5$ by :i* ! f\nta9s ( life 7 defil$1 ! /r5g? ( ! ideal pr9ciple 9 liv+ ?+s weak5$1 & ! mortal conflict in/itut$ :i* n only condemns all exi/5t ?+s ultimately to p]i%1 b h>dly all[s !m1 ev5 :ile !y pa9fully endure1 to be truly & adequately !mselves4 ,orig9al s91 ) ! fall ( ! angels & ( man = its my?ical gr\nd1 ?us ent]s into ! inmo/ web ( ,augu/9ian philosophy4 ,?is fact _c be too mu* insi/$ ^u1 = only by ! imm$iate introduction ( orig9al s9 into ! hi/ory ( ! _w c\ld a man to :om ,god 0 /ill a moral t]m believe at all 9 ! natural & fundam5tal efficacy ( ,god 9 ! cosmos4 ,! doctr9e ( ! fall made x possible = ,sa9t ,augu/9e to accept ! doctr9e ( ! creation4 ,bo? belong$ to ! same my?ical region 9 :i* ! moral values ( life 7 made to figure z metaphysical ag5ts2 b :5 once ! metaphysical ag5cy ( ! highe/ good 0 admitt$ into a poetic cosmogony1 x became imp]ative to admit also ! metaphysical ag5cy ( s9 into x2 = o!rwise ! highe/ good w\ld be depriv$ ( its ideal & moral "*1 w\ld cease to be ! entele*y ( rational life1 & be degrad$ into a flat pr9ciple ( description or syn!sis = exp]i5ce & nature z !y actually are4 ,god w\ld ?us become a natural ag5t1 l ! fire ( ,h]aclitus1 9 :i* human piety c\ld take an int]e/ only by =ce ( traditional in]tia & un9tellig5ce1 :ile ! cont9u$ mutt]+ ( ! ritual prev5t$ m5 f awak+ to ! disappe>ance ( ! god4 ,! ess5ce ( deity1 z ,augu/9e 0 inw>dly conv9c$1 0 correspond5ce to human aspiration1 moral p]fection1 & ideality4 ,god1 !re=e1 z ! ,mani*eans1 ) ,plato & ,ari/otle be=e !m1 _h taught1 c\ld be ! au?or ( good only2 or1 to express ! same ?+ 9 less figurative & mislead+ language1 x 0 only ! good 9 ?+s t c\ld contribute to our idea ( div9ity4 ,:at 0 evil mu/1 !re=e1 be c>ri$ up into ano!r concept1 mu/ be ref]r$1 if y w1 to ano!r my?ical ag5t2 & ?is my?ical ag5t 9 ,sa9t ,augu/9e's !ology 0 nam$ s94 ,sid5ote3 ,orig9al s94 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! _w :i* obscur$ ! image ( ! creator or rebell$ aga9/ 8 comm&m5ts 7ev]y?+1 t is1 :i* prev5t$ 9 ?+s ! expression ( _! natural ideals7 0 due to s94 ,s9 0 responsible = disease ( m9d & body1 = all suff]+1 = dea?1 = ignorance1 p]v]sity1 & dulness4 ,s9 0 responsible--s truly orig9al 0 x--= :at 0 pa9ful & wrong ev5 9 ! animal k+dom1 & s9--su* 0 ! p>adoxical apex ( ?is inv]t$ s]ies ( causes--s9 0 responsible = s9 itself4 ,! insoluble problems ( ! orig9 ( evil & ( fre$om1 9 a _w produc$ 9 its e fibre by omnipot5t goodness1 c nev] be und]/ood until we rememb] _! orig94 ,!y are artificial problems1 unkn[n to philosophy be=e x betook itself to ! lit]al ju/ification ( fables 9 :i* ! objects ( rational endeav\r 7 repres5t$ z causes ( natural exi/5ce4 ,! =m] are int]nal products ( life1 ! latt] its ext]nal conditions4 ,:5 ! two are confus$ we rea* ! contradiction confront+ ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 & all :o to ?is day h foll[$ 9 8 /eps4 ,! cause ( ev]y?+ mu/ h be5 ! cause ( s91 yet ! pr9ciple ( good c\ld n be ! pr9ciple ( evil4 ,bo? propositions 7 obvi\sly true1 & !y 7 contradictory only aft] ! my?ical id5tification ( ! ,god :i* meant ! ideal ( life ) ! ,god :i* meant ! =ces ( nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,=c$ ab&onm5t ( ! ideal4 ,x w\ld help u little1 9 try+ to und]/& ^! doctr9es1 to "w ov] ! dialectic ( !m1 & to express ! contradiction 9 some:at veil$ t]ms or accord+ to new pictorial analogies4 ,good & evil1 9 ! context ( life1 und\bt$ly h common causes2 b t sy/em :i* involves bo? is = t v reason n an ideal sy/em1 & to repres5t x z su* is simply to ignore ! consci5ce & ! upw>d ef=t ( life4 ,! contradiction c be avoid$ only by r5\nc+ ! mean+ ( "o ( ! t]ms2 ei!r1 t is1 by no long] reg>d+ ! good z an absolute creator1 b m]ely z a p>tial result or t5d5cy 9 a liv+ _w ^: life naturally involves values1 or else by no long] conceiv+ ,god z ! ideal t]m 9 man's own exi/5ce4 ,! latt] is ! solution adopt$ by metaphysicians g5]ally1 & by ,sa9t ,augu/9e himself :5 h>d press$ by ! exig5cies ( 8 d\ble allegiance4 ,god1 he tells u1 is j1 al?\gh n j z man is1 nor z man %\ld be4 ,9 o!r words1 ,god is to be call$ j ev5 :5 he is unju/ 9 ! only s5se 9 :i* ! ^w ju/ice has a mean+ among m54 ,we are =c$1 9 fact1 to obscure our moral concepts & make !m equivocal 9 ord] to be able to apply !m to ! effici5t =ces & actual habits ( ?is _w4 ,! ess5ce ( div9ity is no long] moral excell5ce1 b ontological & dynamic relations to ! natural _w1 s t ! love ( ,god w\ld h to become1 n an ex]cise ( reason & consci5ce1 z x naturally 0 ) ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 b a my/ical intoxication1 z x 0 ) ,sp9oza4 ,! sad effects ( ?is degradation ( ,god into a physical p[] are n h>d to trace 9 ,augu/9e's own doctr9e & feel+4 ,he became a *ampion ( arbitr>y grace & arbitr>y pr$e/9ation to p]dition4 ,! et]nal damnation ( innoc5ts gave him no qualms2 & 9 ?is we mu/ admire ! /r5g? ( 8 logic1 s9ce if x is "r t !re %\ld be wrong at all1 !re is no p>ticul> reason = /ickl+ at ! quantity or ! enormity ( x4 ,& yet !re are s5t5ces :i* = _! brutality & sycophancy _c be read )\t pa9--s5t5ces inspir$ by ?is misguid$ desire to apologise = ! crimes ( ! univ]se4 8,:y %\ld ,god n create be+s t he =eknew 7 to s91 :5 inde$ 9 _! p]sons & by _! fates he c\ld manife/ bo? :at puni%m5t _! guilt des]v$ & :at free gifts he might be/[ on !m by 8 fav\r80 8,?9k+ x m lordly & bett] to d well ev5 9 ! pres5ce ( evil ?an n to all[ evil to exi/ at all40 ,"h ! pitiful maxim ( do+ evil t good may come is robb$ ( ! excuse x f9ds 9 human limitations & is made ! fir/ pr9ciple ( div9e morality4 ,repell5t & contort$ z ^! ultimate metaphysical !ories may seem1 we mu/ n suppose t !y de/roy$ 9 ,sa9t ,augu/9e t practical & devotional idealism :i* !y contradict$3 ! region ( ,*ri/ian *>ity is =tunately f> wid] & f> ne>] home ?an t ( ,*ri/ian apologetics4 ,! "w ( practical r$emption w5t on1 :ile ! dialectics ab\t ! p]fection ( ! univ]se 7 =gott52 & ,sa9t ,augu/9e nev] ceas$1 by a happy inconsi/5cy1 to bewail ! s9s & to combat ! h]esies :i* 8 ,god 0 /eal?ily nurs+1 s t 9 _! melodramatic puni%m5t 8 glory might be m beautifully manife/$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! problem among ! prote/ants4 ,x 0 ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 z we "k1 :o1 9 spite ( 8 f]vid ,ca?olicism1 0 ! fav\rite ma/] ( bo? ,lu!r & ,calv94 ,!y emphasis$1 h[ev]1 8 m fanatical side1 & ?is v pr$e/9>ian & absoluti/ doctr9e :i* he _h prevail$ on himself to accept4 ,"h 0 ! pan!i/ic leav5 do+ its "w2 & conc5tration ( att5tion on ! ,old ,te/am5t1 giv5 ! re=m]s' controv]sial & metaphysical habit ( ?\ght1 c\ld only precipitate ! inevitable4 ,:ile popul> piety bubbl$ up into all sorts ( emotional & capti\s sects1 ea* ) its pa!tic insi/5ce on "s text or on "s :imsey1 b all inw>dly inspir$ by an e>ne/ religi\s hung]1 academic & cultivat$ ,prote/antism became e day m pale & rationali/ic4 ,m$iocre natures cont9u$ to rehe>se ! old platitudes & tread ! slipp]y middle c\rses ( "o or?odoxy or ano!r2 b di/+ui%$ m9ds c\ld no long] treat su* survivals z m ?an allegories1 hi/oric or my?ical illu/rations ( g5]al spiritual tru?s4 ,s ,less+1 ,goe!1 & ! ideali/s 9 ,g]many1 & aft] !m su* lay prophets z ,c>lyle & ,em]son1 _h = ,*ri/ianity only an iness5tial respect4 ,!y drank _! g5u9e inspiration directly f nature1 f hi/ory1 f ! total p]sonal appreh5sion !y might h ( life4 ,9 !m speculative !ology r$iscov]$ its aff9ity to neo-,platonism2 9 o!r words1 ,*ri/ian philosophy 0 wa%$ clean ( its leg5d>y alloy to become a pure cosmic speculation4 ,x 0 ,gno/icism come aga9 9 a v diff]5t age to m5 9 an opposite phase ( culture1 b ) its logic un*ang$4 ,! creation 0 ! self-diremption ( ! inf9ite into f9ite expression1 ! fall 0 ! self-discov]y ( ?is f9itude1 ! inc>nation 0 ! awak5+ ( ! f9ite to its ess5tial inf9ity2 & "h1 a suffici5t numb] ( pages hav+ be5 engross$1 ! matt] g5]ally ha/5$ to a conclusion2 = ! r$emption ) its means ( application1 once ! c5tral po9t 9 ,*ri/ianity1 0 less pliable to ! new pan!i/ic int]pretation4 ,neo-,platonism _h inde$ cultivat$ asceticism1 ec/asies1 & a hope ( reabsorption into ! ,"o2 b ^! ?+s a mod]n1 & especially a ,teutonic1 temp]am5t c\ld h>dly reli%2 & ?\gh absolutism 9 a s5se mu/ disc\nt5ance all f9ite int]e/s & dissolve all exp]i5ce1 9 !ory1 into a neutral :ole1 yet ?is inevitable my/icism rema9$1 z ) ! ,/oics1 /]nly optimi/ic1 9 ord] to respond to ! vital social =ces :i* ,prote/antism embodi$4 ,! e?ical "p ( neo-,platonism & ! correspond+ ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( salvation _h accord+ly to be disc>d$2 = my/ical z ! nor!rn s\l may gladly be 9 speculation1 to satisfy its s5tim5tality1 x h>dly c be my/ical 9 action1 s9ce x has to satisfy also its int]e/ 9 success & its fidelity to in/9ct4 ,sid5ote3 ,pan!ism accept$4 ,an absolutism :i* ?us enc\rages & sanctions ! natural w is ,/oical & pan!i/ic2 x does n1 l ,indian & ,platonic absolutism1 seek to susp5d ! w 9 view ( "s sup]natural de/9y4 ,pan!ism subord9ates morally :at x f9ds to be dep5d5t 9 exi/5ce2 its religion bids human reason & int]e/ abdicate be=e cosmic =ces1 in/ead ( /&+ out1 l ,buddhism & ,*ri/ianity1 = salvation1 = spiritual extrication1 f a _w :i* !y reg>d z delusive & fall54 ,! _w ( ,g]man absolutism1 l ! ,/oic _w1 0 n fall54 ,on ! contr>y1 x 0 div9ely inspir$ & altoge!r au?oritative2 he alone :o did n f9d 8 place & function 9 x 0 unholy & p]v]se4 ,?is _w-wor%ip1 despis+ he>tily e f9ite & rational ideal1 gives to impulse & fact1 :atev] !y may be1 lib]ty to fl\ri% "u a div9e w>rant4 ,7 ! p accept+ su* a sy/em corrupt1 x w\ld sanction _! corruption1 & !reby1 mo/ probably1 lead to its own ab&onm5t1 = x w\ld br+ on an ascetic & sup]naturali/ic reaction by :i* its conv5i5t sycophancy w\ld be repudiat$4 ,b reflection & piety1 ev5 if _! object be mat]ial & _! wor%ip idolatr\s1 exalt ! m9d & raise x above vulg> impulse4 ,if y fet* f contemplation a !oretic lic5se to be base1 y\r contemplative habit itself w h purifi$ y m ?an y\r doctr9e w h p[] to degrade y afre%1 = tra9+ affects in/9ct mu* m ?an op9ion c4 ,ant9omian !ory c fl\ri% blamelessly 9 a puritan soil1 = !re x in/9ctively rema9s !oretical4 ,& ! ,teutonic pan!i/s are = ! mo/ "p uncontam9at$ s\ls1 puritan by tra9+1 & only int]e/$ 9 fur!r+ ! political & intellectual effici5cy ( ! society 9 :i* !y live4 ,_! pan!ism "u ^! circum/ances makes !m ! m en]getic & turns !m into practical positivi/s1 docile to _! social m$ium & apologi/s = all its conv5tions4 ,s t1 :ile !y write books to disprove naturalism 9 natural philosophy :]e x belongs1 9 morals :]e naturalism is treason !y are !mselves naturali/s ( ! mo/ uncritical description1 =gett+ t only ! int]e/s ( ! f9ite s\l introduce su* a ?+ z good & evil into ! _w1 & t nature & society are s f> f be+ au?oritative & div9e t !y h no value :atev] save by ! s]vices !y may r5d] to ea* _s 9 its specific & g5u9e ambitions4 ,sid5ote3 ,pla9] scorn = ! ideal4 ,inde$1 ?is pan!i/ic subord9ation ( consci5ce to :at happ5s to exi/1 ?is optimism annull+ e human ideal1 betrays its immoral t5d5cy v cle>ly s soon z x desc5ds f !ological sem9>ies into ! lay _w4 ,poets at fir/ beg9 to ju/ify1 on its au?ority1 _! fav\rite passions & to s+ ! picturesqu5ess ( a blood-/a9$ _w4 8,practical0 m5 foll[1 deprecat+ any reflection :i* may ca/ a d\bt on ! provid5tial ju/ification ( _! *os5 activities1 & on ! invisible value ( ! same1 h[ev] sordid1 brutal1 or inane !y may visibly be4 ,f9ally1 politicians le>n to invoke de/9y & ! movem5t ( ! age to save !mselves ! tr\ble ( disc]n+ rational ends & to col\r _! secret indiff]5ce to ! _w's happ9ess4 ,! follies ?us sanction$ !oretically1 because !y are involv$ 9 a p]fect _w1 w\ld d\btless be p]petrat$ none ! less by ! same p]sons _h !y absorb$ 9 y\? a diff]5t religion2 = conduct is root$ 9 deep in/9cts :i* affect op9ion m ?an op9ion c avail to affect !m 9 turn4 ,yet !re is an add$ indignity 9 n pres]v+ a cle> & hone/ m9d1 & 9 quitt+ ! _w )\t hav+ 9 "s measure und]/ood & appreciat$ x4 ,sid5ote3 ,! price ( my?ology is sup]/ition4 ,pan!ism is my?ical & has1 z we h j se51 all ! subv]sive p[]s ( ord9>y sup]/ition4 ,x turns ! natural _w1 man's /amp+-gr\nd & sy/em ( opportunities1 into a self-ju/ify+ & sacr$ life2 x end[s ! blameless giant ) an inhuman s\l & !n wor%ips ! mon/r\s div9ity x has fabricat$4 ,x !reby enc\nt]s ! same dilemma t defeats all my?ology :5 x =gets its m]ely poetic (fice & trespasses ^u moral gr\nd4 ,x mu/ ei!r int]pret ! natural _w fai?fully1 attribut+ to ! my?ical deity ! sort ( life t dramatically suits its visible behavi\r1 or if x idealises & moralises ! spectacle x mu/ r5\nce ! mat]ial reality & efficacy ( its gods4 ,ei!r ! cosmic p[] mu/ cov] ! actual goodness & badness 9 nature imp>tially1 :5 to wor%ip x w\ld be idolatr\s1 or x mu/ cov] only ! bett] side ( nature1 ^? aspects ( x :i* support & resemble human virtue4 ,9 ! latt] case x is human virtue t my?ology is =mulat+ 9 a dramatic fiction1 a human ideal t is be+ illu/rat$ by a poet1 :o selects = ! purpose c]ta9 phases ( nature & exp]i5ce4 ,by ?is idealisation ! aff9ity :i* ?+s (t5 h to man's int]e/s may be br\ght out 9 a /rik+ mann]2 b _! total & real me*anism is no bett] repres5t$ ?an t ( animals 9 sop's fables4 ,to detect ! div]g5ce x suffices to op5 ! eyes2 & :ile nature may be rationally admir$ & *]i%$ = s support+ ! s\l1 x is h] ev5tual m9i/ry to man t makes h] admirable1 n h] indep5d5t magnitude or antiquity4 ,to wor%ip nature z %e really is1 ) all h] innoc5t crimes made int5tional by our my?ology & h] unfa?omable con/itution turn$ into a c>icature ( b>b>ian passions1 is to subv]t ! ord] ( values & to falsify natural philosophy4 ,yet ?is dislocation ( reason1 bo? 9 its conceptions & 9 its allegiance1 is ! natural outcome ( ?9k+ on my?ical l9es4 ,a my?1 by turn+ ph5om5a into expressions ( ?\ght & passion1 tea*es man to look = models & goals ( action 9 t ext]nal _w :]e reason c f9d no?+ b in/rum5ts & mat]ials4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,piety ,sid5ote3 ,! core ( religion n !oretical4 ,hebraism is a /rik+ example ( a religion t5d+ to disc>d my?ology & magic4 ,x 0 a ,hebrais+ apo/le :o said t true religion & undefil$ 0 to visit ! fa!rless & ! wid[1 & d o!r works ( m]cy4 ,al?\gh a complete religion c h>dly rema9 )\t !oretic & ritual expression1 we mu/ rememb] t aft] all religion has o!r aspects less conspicu\s1 p]haps1 ?an its my?ology1 b (t5 m wor?y ( respect4 ,if religion be1 z we h assum$1 an imag9ative symbol = ! ,life ( ,reason1 x %\ld conta9 n only symbolic ideas & rites1 b also symbolic s5tim5ts & duties4 ,& s x ev]y:]e does 9 a notable fa%ion4 ,piety & spirituality are phases ( religion no less important ?an my?ology1 or ?an ^? metaphysical spectres ) :i* my?ology t]m9ates4 ,x is !re=e "t we %\ld q explicitly turn f religi\s ideas to religi\s emotions1 f imag9ative hi/ory & sci5ce to imag9ative morals4 ,piety1 9 its nobl] & ,roman s5se1 may be said to mean man's rev]5t atta*m5t to ! s\rces ( 8 be+ & ! /eady+ ( 8 life by t atta*m5t4 ,a s\l is b ! la/ bubble ( a long f]m5tation 9 ! _w4 ,if we wi% to live associat$ ) p]man5t racial int]e/s we mu/ plant ourselves on a broad hi/oric & human f\ndation1 we mu/ absorb & int]pret ! pa/ :i* has made u1 s t we may h& d[n its h]itage re9=c$1 if possible1 & 9 no way und]m9$ or d5aturalis$4 ,?is consci\sness t ! human _s is d]iv$ & responsible1 t all its functions are h]itages & tru/s1 involves a s5tim5t ( gratitude & duty :i* we may call piety4 ,sid5ote3 ,loyalty to ! s\rces ( our be+4 ,! true objects ( piety are1 ( c\rse1 ^? on :i* life & its int]e/s really dep5d3 p>5ts fir/1 !n family1 ance/ors1 & c\ntry2 f9ally1 humanity at l>ge & ! :ole natural cosmos4 ,b _h a lay s5tim5t t[>d ^! =ces be5 fo/]$ by cle> k ( _! nature & relation to ourselves1 ! dutifulness or cosmic emotion !reby ar\s$ w\ld h rema9$ purely moral & hi/orical4 ,z sci5ce w\ld n 9 ! end admit any my? :i* 0 n av[$ poetry1 s x w\ld n admit any piety :i* 0 n pla9 reason & duty4 ,b man1 9 8 p]plexities & press+ ne$s1 has plung$1 once = all1 into imag9ative c\rses ?r\gh :i* x is our bus9ess to foll[ him1 to see if he may n ev5tually rea* 8 goal ev5 by ^? by-pa?s & d>k circumlocutions4 ,sid5ote3 ,! pi\s neas4 ,:at makes piety an integral "p ( traditional religions is ! fact t moral realities are repres5t$ 9 ! popul> m9d by poetic symbols4 ,! awe inspir$ by pr9ciples s ab/ract & consequ5ces s remote & g5]al is arre/$ at _! conv5tional "n4 ,we h all read 9 boyhood1 p]haps ) d]ision1 ab\t ! pi\s neas4 ,8 piety may h seem$ to u no?+ b a fem99e s5sibility1 a faculty ( %$d+ te>s on slight provocation4 ,b 9 tru? neas's piety1 z ,virgil or any ,roman w\ld h conceiv$ x1 lay less 9 8 feel+s ?an 9 8 function & vocation4 ,he 0 be>+ ! ,palladium ( 8 c\ntry to a new l&1 to f\nd ano!r ,troy1 s t ! blood & traditions ( 8 ance/ors might n p]i%4 ,8 emotions 7 only ! appropriate expression ( 8 prie/ly (fice4 ,! h]o might h be5 /]n & /olid en\gh on 8 own m>tial gr\nd1 b s9ce he bore ! old ,an*ises f ! ru9s ( ,ilium he _h assum$ a sacr$ mission4 ,h5ce=? a sac]dotal unction & lyric pa?os belong$ rightfully to 8 p]son4 ,if ^? emb]s1 s religi\sly gu>d$1 %\ld by *ance h be5 ext+ui%$1 !re c\ld nev] h be5 a ,ve/al fire nor any ,rome4 ,s t all t ,virgil & 8 read]s1 if !y _h any piety1 rev]$ 9 ! _w _h be5 haz>d$ 9 ^? leg5d>y adv5tures4 ,x 0 n neas's own life or private ambition t 0 at /ake to ju/ify 8 emotion4 ,8 t5d]ness1 l ,virgil's own1 0 ennobl$ & made h]oic by its magnific5t & imp]sonal object4 ,x 0 truly an epic de/9y t inspir$ bo? poet & h]o4 ,sid5ote3 ,an ideal backgr\nd requir$4 ,if we look clos]1 h[ev]1 we %all see t my?ical & magic elem5ts 7 requisite to l5d ?is l(t9ess to ! argum5t4 ,_h neas n be5 ,v5us's son1 _h no prophetic in/9ct animat$ him1 _h no ,juno be5 plann+ ! rise ( ,c>?age1 h[ c\ld ! future de/9ies ( ?is exp$ition h be5 import$ into x1 to lift x above "s piratical or desp]ate v5ture8 ,coloni/s pass+ 9 our day to ,am]ica or ,au/ralia might conceivably c>ry ) !m ! se$s ( empires z consid]able z ,rome's4 ,b !y w\ld g out ?9k+ ( _! private livelihood & conv5i5ce1 break+ or loos5+ :atev] pi\s bonds might unite !m to ! pa/1 & q irresponsibly lay+ ! f\ndations = an unkn[n future4 ,a poet1 to raise !m to ! height ( _! unwitt+ function1 w\ld h to end[ !m ) second sight & a correspond+ bread? ( s\l & purpose4 ,he w\ld ne$1 9 a ^w1 h]oic figures & sup]natural ma*9]y4 ,n[1 :at sup]natural ma*9]y & h]oic figures d = an epic poet piety does = a race4 ,x end[s x1 ?r\gh my?ical & magic symbols1 ) some?+ l a vision or repres5tation ( its pa/ & future4 ,religion is normally ! mo/ traditional & national ( ?+s4 ,x embodies & localises ! racial h]itage4 ,comm&m5ts ( ! law1 fea/s & fa/s1 temples & ! tombs associat$ ) !m1 are s _m foci ( communal life1 s _m po9ts = ! dissem9ation ( cu/om4 ,! ,sabba?1 :i* a critical age might ju/ify on hygi5ic gr\nds1 is inconceivable )\t a religi\s sanction4 ,! crav+ = re/ & emotion express$ itself spontane\sly 9 a practice :i*1 z x e/abli%$ itself1 _h to be sanction$ by fables till ! recurr5t holiday1 ) all its humane & *a/5+ influ5ces1 came to be e/abli%$ on sup]natural au?ority4 ,x 0 n[ piety to obs]ve x & to commemorate 9 x ! sacr$ duties & traditions ( ! race4 ,9 ?is function1 ( c\rse1 lay its true ju/ification1 b ! my?ical "o _h to be assign$1 s9ce ! diffus$ prosaic advantages ( su* a practice w\ld nev] avail to impose x on irrational wills4 ,inde$1 to rev]t to our illu/ration1 _h neas =ese5 9 detail ! :ole hi/ory ( ,rome1 w\ld n 8 fai? 9 8 div9e mission h be5 consid]ably da%$8 ,! reality1 preci\s & ine/imable z on ! :ole x 0 to humanity1 might well h %ock$ him by its cruelties1 %ames1 & disa/]s4 ,he w\ld h wi%$ to f\nd only a p]fect nation & a city et]nal inde$4 ,a want ( rationality & measure 9 ! human w1 t has n le>n$ to prize small bett]m5ts & f9ite b real goods1 compels x to deceive itself ab\t ! rew>ds ( life 9 ord] to secure !m4 ,t cele/ial mission1 ^? heav5ly app>itions1 ^? incalculable treasures c>ri$ ?r\gh _m a /orm1 abus$ ,eneas's m9d 9 ord] to n]ve him to 8 real duty4 ,yet 8 illusion 0 m]ely intellectual4 ,! mission und]tak5 0 truly wor? c>ry+ out4 ,piety ?us came to be> ! fruits ( philan?ropy 9 an age :5 ! love ( man 0 inconceivable4 ,a dull & vision>y intellect c\ld hit on no o!r way ( ju/ify+ a good in/9ct4 ,sid5ote3 ,piety accepts natural conditions & pres5t tasks4 ,sid5ote3 ,! lead]%ip ( in/9ct is normal4 ,philosoph]s :o h>b\r illusions ab\t ! /atus ( intellect 9 nature may feel t ?is lead]%ip ( in/9ct 9 moral life is a sort ( indignity1 & t to dwell on x s insi/5tly is to prolong satire )\t wit4 ,b ! lead]%ip ( in/9ct1 ! consci\s expression ( me*anism1 is n m]ely a necessity 9 ! ,life ( ,reason1 x is a safegu>d4 ,piety1 9 spite ( its allegories1 conta9s a mu* great] wisdom ?an a half-enlight5$ & p]t intellect c atta94 ,natural be+s h natural obligations1 & ! value ( ?+s = !m is qualifi$ by di/ance & by accid5tal mat]ial connections4 ,intellect w\ld t5d to gauge ?+s imp]sonally by _! intr9sic values1 s9ce intellect is itself a sort ( disembodi$ & univ]sal function2 x w\ld t5d to disreg>d mat]ial conditions & t irrational sub/ratum ( reason )\t :i* reason w\ld h no organs & no po9ts ( application4 ,piety1 on ! contr>y1 e/eems ?+s ap>t f _! intr9sic wor?1 on acc\nt ( _! relation to ! ag5t's p]son & =tune4 ,yet su* e/eem is p]fectly rational1 p>tiality 9 man's affections & allegiance be+ ju/ifi$ by ! p>tial nature & local /atus ( 8 life4 ,piety is ! _s's ackn[l$gm5t ( its inc>nation4 ,s1 9 filial & p>5tal affection1 :i* is piety 9 an elem5t>y =m1 !re is a m\ld+ ( w & emotion1 a *eck to irresponsible initiative1 9 ob$i5ce to ! facts ( animal reproduction4 ,e liv+ creature has an intr9sic & ideal wor?2 he is ! c5tre ( actual & yet m ( pot5tial int]e/s4 ,b ?is moral value1 :i* ev5 ! remote/ obs]v] mu/ recognise 9 bo? p>5t & *ild1 is n ! gr\nd ( _! specific affection = ea* o!r1 :i* no o!r mortal is call$ to feel _! reg>d4 ,?is affection is bas$ on ! incid5tal & irrational fact t ! "o has ?is p>ticul> man = a fa!r1 & ! o!r t p>ticul> man = a son4 ,yet1 consid]+ ! animal basis ( human life1 an atta*m5t re/+ on t circum/ance is a necess>y & rational atta*m5t4 ,?is physical bond %\ld n1 inde$1 di/urb ! intellect 9 its prop] function or w>p its judgm5ts2 y %\ld n1 "u guise ( t5d]ness1 become fooli% & attribute to y\r fa!r or *ild great] /ature or clev]ness or goodness ?an he actually possesses4 ,to d s is a natural foible b no "p ( piety or true loyalty4 ,x is "o ?+ to lack a he>t & ano!r to possess eyes & a j imag9ation4 ,inde$1 piety is nev] s beautiful & t\*+1 nev] s ?or\ghly humane & inv9cible1 z :5 x is jo9$ to an imp>tial intellect1 consci\s ( ! relativity involv$ 9 exi/5ce & able to elude1 ?r\gh imag9ative sympa?y1 ! limits set to p]sonal life by circum/ance & private duty4 ,z a man dies nobly :51 await+ 8 own ext9ction1 he is int]e/$ to ! la/ 9 :at w cont9ue to be ! int]e/s & joys ( o!rs1 s he is mo/ pr(\ndly pi\s :o loves unres]v$ly a c\ntry1 fri5ds1 & associations :i* he kn[s v well to be n ! mo/ beautiful on e>?1 & :o1 be+ :olly cont5t 9 8 p]sonal capacity ) 8 natural conditions1 does n ne$ to begrudge o!r ?+s :atev] speculative admiration !y may truly des]ve4 ,! ideal 9 ?is polyglot _w1 :]e reason c receive only local & temporal expression1 is to und]/& all languages & to speak b "o1 s z to unite1 9 a manly fa%ion1 compreh5sion ) propriety4 ,piety is 9 a s5se pa!tic because x involves subord9ation to physical accid5t & acceptance ( f9itude4 ,b x is also noble & em95tly fruitful because1 9 subsum+ a life "u ! g5]al laws ( relativity1 x meets fate ) simple s9c]ity & lab\rs 9 accordance ) ! conditions impos$4 ,s9ce man1 ?\gh capable ( ab/raction & imp>tiality1 is root$ l a vegetable to "o po9t 9 space & "t1 & exi/s by limitation1 piety belongs to ! equilibrium ( 8 be+4 ,x resides1 s to speak1 at 8 c5tre ( gravity1 at ! he>t & magnetic focus ( 8 complex end[m5t4 ,x ex]cises !re ! em95tly sane function ( call+ ?\ght home4 ,x saves speculative & emotional life f hurtful extravagance by keep+ x traditional & social4 ,conv5tional absurdities h at lea/ ?is advantage1 t !y may be tak5 conv5tionally & may come to be1 9 practice1 m]e symbols = _! uses4 ,piety is m closely l9k$ ) cu/om ?an ) ?\ght4 ,x ex]cises an irrational suasion1 moralises by contagion1 & br+s an emotional peace4 ,sid5ote3 ,embodim5t ess5tial to _s4 ,patriotism is ano!r =m ( piety 9 :i* its natural basis & rational function may be cle>ly se54 ,x is "r to pref] our own ess5tial to c\ntry to all o!rs1 because we are *ildr5 & citiz5s be=e we c be travell]s or philosoph]s4 ,specific "* is a necess>y po9t ( orig9 = univ]sal relations3 a pure no?+ c h no radiation or scope4 ,x is no accid5t = ! s\l to be embodi$2 h] v ess5ce is to express & br+ to fruition ! body's functions & res\rces4 ,its in/9cts make h] ideals & its relations h] _w4 ,a native c\ntry is a sort ( second body1 ano!r envelop+ organism to give ! w def9ition4 ,a specific inh]itance /r5g!ns ! s\l4 ,cosmopolitanism has d\btless its place1 because a man may well cultivate 9 himself1 & repres5t 9 8 nation1 aff9ities to o!r peoples1 & su* assimilation to !m z is compatible ) p]sonal integrity & cle>ness ( purpose4 ,pla/icity to ?+s =eign ne$ n be inconsi/5t ) happ9ess & utility at home4 ,b happ9ess & utility are possible n[h]e to a man :o repres5ts no?+ & :o looks out on ! _w )\t a plot ( 8 own to /& on1 ei!r on e>? or 9 heav54 ,he w&]s f place to place1 a volunt>y exile1 always qu]ul\s1 always uneasy1 always alone4 ,8 v criticisms express no ideal4 ,8 exp]i5ce is )\t sweetness1 )\t cumulative fruits1 & 8 *ildr51 if he has !m1 are )\t morality4 ,= reason & happ9ess are l o!r fl[]s--!y )] :5 pluck$4 ,sid5ote3 ,piety to ! gods takes =m f curr5t ideals4 ,! object mo/ commonly associat$ ) piety is ! gods4 ,popul> philosophy1 inv]t+ ! natural ord] ( ideas1 ?9ks piety to ! gods ! s\rce ( morality4 ,b piety1 :5 g5u9e1 is r an incid5tal expression ( morality4 ,its s\rces are p]fectly natural4 ,a volitional life t rea*es ! level ( reflection is necess>ily moral 9 proportion to ! concret5ess & h>mony ( its in/9cts4 ,! fruits :i* su* h>moni\s in/9cts1 express$ 9 consci\sness1 may ev5tually be>1 fruits :i* w\ld be ! aim ( virtue1 are n readily imag9able1 & ! description ( !m has long ago be5 intru/$ to poets & my?ologi/s4 ,?us ! love ( ,god1 = example1 is said to be ! root ( ,*ri/ian *>ity1 b is 9 reality only its symbol4 ,= no man n hav+ a sup]abundant ne$ & faculty ( lov+ real ?+s c\ld h giv5 a mean+ to ! phrase1 8love ( ,god10 or be5 mov$ by x to any action4 ,hi/ory %[s 9 unequivocal fa%ion t ! ,god lov$ %ifts 8 "* ) ! %ift 9 8 wor%ipp]s' real affections4 ,:at ! psalmi/ loves is ! beauty ( ,god's h\se & ! place :]e 8 glory dwelle?4 ,a prie/ly quietude & pride1 a grateful1 m$itative leisure aft] ! /orms ( s$ition & w>1 "s retir$ unity ( m9d aft] ! contradictions ( ! _w--?is is :at ! love ( ,god might signify = ! levites4 ,sa9t ,john tells u t he :o says he loves ,god & loves n 8 neighb\r is a li>4 ,"h ! love ( ,god is an anti-worldly e/imation ( ?+s & p]sons1 a he>t set on t k+dom ( heav5 9 :i* ! humble & ! meek %\ld be exalt$4 ,aga91 = mod]n ,ca?olicism ! phrase has *ang$ its mean+ rem>kably & signifies 9 effect love = ,*ri/'s p]son1 because piety has tak5 a s5tim5tal turn & c5tr$ on ma9ta9+ imag9>y p]sonal relations ) ! ,savi\r4 ,h[ %\ld we conceive t a s+le sup]natural influ5ce 0 actually responsible = moral effects !mselves s v>i\s1 & produc+1 9 spite ( a consecutive tradition1 su* v>i\s notions conc]n+ _! object & suppos$ s\rce8 ,sid5ote3 ,! religion ( humanity4 ,mank9d at l>ge is also1 to "s m9ds1 an object ( piety4 ,b ?is religion ( humanity is r a desid]atum ?an a fact3 humanity does n actually appe> to anybody 9 a religi\s light4 ,! nihil hom9e hom9i utittus rema9s a signal tru?1 b ! collective influ5ce ( m5 & _! av]age nature are f> too mix$ & ambigu\s to fill ! s\l ) v5]ation4 ,piety to mank9d mu/ be ?ree-f\r?s pity4 ,!re are inde$ specific human virtues1 b !y are ^? necess>y to exi/5ce1 l pati5ce & c\rage4 ,support$ on ^! indisp5sable habits1 mank9d always c>ries an indef9ite load ( mis]y & vice4 ,life spreads rankly 9 e wrong & impracticable direction z well z 9 pr(itable pa?s1 & ! sl[ & grop+ /ruggle ) its own ignorance1 in]tia1 & folly1 leaves x cov]$ 9 e age ( hi/ory ) fil? & blood4 ,x w\ld h>dly be possible to exagg]ate man's wret*$ness if x 7 n s easy to ov]e/imate 8 s5sibility4 ,!re is a fond ( unhapp9ess 9 e bosom1 b ! dep?s are seldom prob$2 & !re is no d\bt t sometimes frivolity & sometimes /urdy habit helps to keep att5tion on ! surface & to cov] up ! inn] void4 ,c]ta9 morali/s1 )\t mean+ to be satirical1 (t5 say t ! sov]eign cure = unhapp9ess is "w4 ,unhappily1 ! "w !y recomm5d is bett] fitt$ to dull pa9 ?an to remove its cause4 ,x occupies ! faculties )\t rationalis+ ! life4 ,be=e mank9d c\ld inspire ev5 mod]ate satisfaction1 n to speak ( wor%ip1 its :ole economy w\ld h to be re=m$1 its reproduction regulat$1 its ?\ghts cle>$ up1 its affections equalis$ & ref9$4 ,to wor%ip mank9d z x is w\ld be to deprive x ( :at alone makes x ak9 to ! div9e--its aspiration4 ,= ?is human du/ lives2 ?is mis]y & crime are d>k 9 contra/ to an imag9$ excell5ce2 !y are light$ up by a prospect ( good4 ,man is n adorable1 b he adores1 & ! object ( 8 adoration may be discov]$ )9 him & elicit$ f 8 own s\l4 ,9 ?is s5se ! religion ( humanity is ! only religion1 all o!rs be+ sp>ks & ab/racts ( ! same4 ,! indwell+ ideal l5ds all ! gods _! div9ity4 ,no p[]1 ei!r physical or psy*ical1 has ! lea/ moral pr]ogative nor any j place 9 religion at all unless x supports & advances ! ideal native to ! wor%ipp]'s s\l4 ,)\t moral society betwe5 ! vot>y & 8 god religion is pure idolatry2 & ev5 idolatry w\ld be impossible b = ! suspicion t someh[ ! brute =ce exorcis$ 9 pray] might help or m> "s human und]tak+4 ,sid5ote3 ,cosmic piety4 ,!re is1 f9ally1 a philosophic piety :i* has ! univ]se = its object4 ,?is feel+1 common to anci5t & mod]n ,/oics1 has an obvi\s ju/ification 9 man's dep5d5ce ^u ! natural _w & 9 its s]vice to _m sides ( ! m9d4 ,su* ju/ification ( cosmic piety is r obscur$ ?an support$ by ! euphemisms & ambiguities 9 :i* ^! philosoph]s usually indulge 9 _! attempt to pres]ve ! cu/om>y religi\s unction4 ,= ! m !y p]sonify ! univ]se & give x ! "n ( ,god ! m !y turn x into a devil4 ,! univ]se1 s f> z we c obs]ve x1 is a wond]ful & imm5se eng9e2 its ext5t1 its ord]1 its beauty1 its cruelty1 makes x alike impressive4 ,if we dramatise its life & conceive its _s1 we are fill$ ) wond]1 t]ror1 & amusem5t1 s magnific5t is t _s1 s prolific1 inexorable1 grammatical1 & dull4 ,l all animals & plants1 ! cosmos has its own way ( do+ ?+s1 n :olly rational nor ideally be/1 b pati5t1 fatal1 & fruitful4 ,great is ?is organism ( mud & fire1 t]rible ?is va/1 pa9ful1 glori\s exp]im5t4 ,:y %\ld we n look on ! univ]se ) piety8 ,is x n our sub/ance8 ,are we made ( o!r clay8 ,all our possibilities lie f et]nity hidd5 9 its bosom4 ,x is ! disp5s] ( all our joys4 ,we may address x )\t sup]/iti\s t]rors2 x is n wick$4 ,x foll[s its own habits ab/ract$ly2 x c be tru/$ to be true to its ^w4 ,society is n impossible betwe5 x & u1 & s9ce x is ! s\rce ( all our en]gies1 ! home ( all our happ9ess1 %all we n cl+ to x & praise x1 see+ t x vegetates s gr&ly & s sadly1 & t x is n = u to blame x = :at1 d\btless1 x nev] knew t x did8 ,:]e !re is su* inf9ite & labori\s pot5cy !re is room = e hope4 ,if we %\ld ab/a9 f judg+ a fa!r's errors or a "m's foibles1 :y %\ld we pron\nce s5t5ce on ! ignorant crimes ( ! univ]se1 :i* h pass$ into our own blood8 ,! univ]se is ! true ,adam1 ! creation ! true fall2 & z we h nev] blam$ our my?ical fir/ p>5t v mu*1 9 spite ( ! disproportionate consequ5ces ( 8 s91 because we felt t he 0 b human & t we1 9 8 place1 might h s9n$ too1 s we may easily =give our real ance/or1 ^: connatural s9 we are f mom5t to mom5t committ+1 s9ce x is only ! necess>y ra%ness ( v5tur+ to be )\t =e-kn[+ ! price or ! fruits ( exi/5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,spirituality ,,& ,,its ,,corruptions ,sid5ote3 ,to be spiritual is to live 9 view ( ! ideal4 ,9 hon\r+ ! s\rces ( life1 piety is retrospective4 ,x collects1 z x 71 food = morality1 & =tifies x ) natural & hi/oric nutrim5t4 ,b a dige/ive & =mative pr9ciple mu/ exi/ to assimilate ?is nutrim5t2 a direction & an ideal h to be impos$ on ^! ga!r$ =ces4 ,s t religion has a second & a high] side1 :i* looks to ! end t[>d :i* we move z piety looks to ! conditions ( progress & to ! s\rces f :i* we draw our en]gies4 ,?is aspir+ side ( religion may be call$ ,spirituality4 ,spirituality is nobl] ?an piety1 because :at w\ld fulfil our be+ & make x wor? hav+ is :at alone l5ds value to t be+'s s\rce4 ,no?+ c be l[] or m :olly in/rum5tal ?an ! sub/ance & cause ( all ?+s4 ,! gift ( exi/5ce w\ld be wor?less unless exi/5ce 0 good & support$ at lea/ a possible happ9ess4 ,a man is spiritual :5 he lives 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ideal1 & :e!r he eat or dr9k does s = ! sake ( a true & ultimate good4 ,he is spiritual :5 he envisages 8 goal s frankly t 8 :ole mat]ial life becomes a transp>5t & transitive vehicle1 an in/rum5t :i* sc>cely arre/s att5tion b all[s ! _s to use x economically & ) p]fect deta*m5t & fre$om4 ,!re is no ne$ t ?is ideal %\ld be pomp\sly or my/ically describ$4 ,a simple life is its own rew>d1 & cont9ually realises its function4 ,?\gh a spiritual man may p]fectly well g ?r\gh intricate processes ( ?\ght & att5d to v complex affairs1 8 s+le eye1 fix$ on a rational purpose1 w simplify morally ! natural *aos x looks ^u & w rema9 free4 ,?is spiritual ma/]y is1 ( c\rse1 no sla%+ & =c$ syn!sis ( ?+s into a sy/em ( philosophy :i*1 ev5 if x 7 ?9kable1 w\ld leave ! conceiv$ logical ma*9e )\t ideality & )\t responsiv5ess to actual int]e/s2 x is r an inw>d aim & fixity 9 affection t kn[s :at to take & :at to leave 9 a _w ov] :i* x diffuses some?+ ( its own peace4 ,x ?reads its way ?r\gh ! l&scape ) s little temptation to di/raction t x c salute e irrelevant ?+1 z ,sa9t ,francis did ! sun & moon1 ) c\rtesy & a c]ta9 affectionate deta*m5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,spirituality natural4 ,spirituality likes to say1 ,behold ! lilies ( ! field6 ,= its secret has ! same simplicity z _! vegetative art2 only spirituality has succe$$ 9 add+ consci\sness )\t confus+ in/9ct4 ,?is success1 un=tunately s r>e 9 man's life z to seem p>adoxical1 is its :ole a*ievem5t4 ,spirituality ought to h be5 a matt] ( c\rse1 s9ce consci\s exi/5ce has inh]5t value & !re is no intr9sic gr\nd :y x %\ld smo!r t value 9 ali5 ambitions & s]vitudes4 ,b spirituality1 ?\gh s natural & obvi\s a ?+1 is subject1 l ! lilies' beauty1 to corruption4 ,i "k n :at army ( microbes evid5tly invad$ f ! beg9n+ ! s\l's physical basis & dev\r$ its tissues1 s t sophi/ication & bad dreams entirely obscur$ h] limpidity4 ,none ! less1 spirituality1 or life 9 ! ideal1 mu/ be reg>d$ z ! fundam5tal & native type ( all life2 :at deviates f x is disease & incipi5t dissolution1 & is itself :at might plausibly dem& explanation & evoke surprise4 ,! spiritual man %\ld be q at home 9 a _w made to be us$2 ! firmam5t is spread ov] him l a t5t = habitation1 & sublun>y furniture is ev5 m obvi\sly to be tak5 z a conv5i5ce4 ,he _c1 inde$1 remove m\nta9s1 b nei!r does he wi% to d s4 ,he comes to end[ ! m\nta9s ) a function1 & takes !m at t1 z a pa9t] might take 8 bru%es & canvas4 ,_! beauty1 _! metals1 _! pa/urage1 _! def5ce--?is is :at he obs]ves 9 !m & celebrates 9 8 addresses to !m4 ,! spiritual man1 ?\gh n a%am$ to be a begg>1 is cognisant ( :at weal? c d & ( :at x _c4 ,8 unworldl9ess is true k ( ! _w1 n s mu* a gap+ & busy acqua9tance z a quiet compreh5sion & e/imation :i*1 :ile x _c come )\t int]c\rse1 c v well lay int]c\rse aside4 ,sid5ote3 ,primitive consci\sness may be spiritual4 ,if ! ess5ce ( life be spiritual1 e>ly examples ( life w\ld seem to be r ! opposite4 ,b man's view ( primitive consci\sness is humanly biass$ & relies too mu* on p>tial analogies4 ,we conceive an animal's physical life 9 ! gross1 & mu/ !n reg>d ! mom5t>y feel+s t accompany x z v poor expressions ei!r ( its ext5t or conditions4 ,^! feel+s are1 inde$1 s _m ephem]al lives1 conta9+ no compreh5sive view ( ! animal's =tunes4 ,!y accord+ly fail to realise our notion ( a spiritual human life :i* w\ld h to be rational & to =m "s repres5tation ( man's total environm5t & int]e/s4 ,b x h>dly foll[s t animal feel+s are n spiritual 9 _! nature &1 on _! n>r[ basis1 p]fectly ideal4 ,! mo/ ideal human passion is love1 :i* is also ! mo/ absolute & animal & "o ( ! mo/ ephem]al4 ,v likely1 if we c\ld rev]t to an innoc5t & absorb$ view ( our e>ly s5sations1 we %\ld f9d t ea* 0 a little spiritual univ]se l ,dante's1 ) its int]nal hell1 purgatory1 & heav54 ,cut (f1 z ^? exp]i5ces 71 f all vi/as & f sympa?y ) ?+s remote1 !y w\ld conta9 a clos$ circle ( int]e/s1 a fly+ glimpse ( et]nity4 ,s an infant liv+ 9 8 my/ical limbo1 )\t trail+ 9 a lit]al s5se any cl\ds ( glory f else:]e1 might well repeat on a dim9utive scale ! beatific vision1 insomu* z ! only function ( :i* he 0 consci\s at all might be p]fectly fulfill$ by him & felt 9 its ideal import4 ,suck+ & bl9k+ are ridicul\s processes1 p]haps1 b !y may br+ a ?rill & satisfaction no less ideal ?an d ! l>k's inexhau/ible palpitations4 ,n>r[ scope & l[ repres5tative value are n defects 9 a consci\sness hav+ a n>r[ physical basis & comp>atively simple conditions4 ,sid5ote3 ,_s cross$ by in/rum5talities4 ,! _s's foe 9 man has n be5 simplicity1 b sophi/ication4 ,8 in/9cts1 9 becom+ _m1 became confus$1 & 9 gr[+ p]man5t1 grew feeble & subject to arre/ & deviation4 ,nature1 we may say1 ?rew ! brute =m back into h] cauldron1 to smelt its sub/ance aga9 be=e p\r+ x into a rational m\ld4 ,! docility :i* in/9ct1 9 its feebl5ess1 acquir$ 9 ! new creature 0 to be reason's opportunity1 b be=e ! l>g] h>mony c\ld be e/abli%$ a sorry *aos 0 b\nd to reign 9 ! m9d4 ,e peep+ impulse w\ld drop its d>k h9t & hide its head 9 confusion1 :ile "s p$antic & unju/ law w\ld be pass$ 9 its abs5ce & )\t its vote4 ,second>y activities1 :i* %\ld always be repres5tative1 w\ld e/abli% !mselves )\t be+ really su*4 ,means w\ld be pursu$ z if !y 7 ends1 & ends1 "u ! illusion t !y 7 =ces1 w\ld be expect$ to fur!r "s activity1 itself )\t ju/ification4 ,s p$antry might be sub/itut$ = wisdom1 tyranny = gov]nm5t1 sup]/ition = morals1 rhetoric = art4 ,?is sophi/ication is :at r5d]s ! pursuit ( reason s p]plex+ & prolong$ a problem4 ,half-=m$ adju/m5ts 9 ! bra9 & 9 ! body politic are repres5t$ 9 consci\sness by :at are call$ passions1 prejudices1 motives1 animosities4 ,none ( ^! felt ebullitions 9 ! lea/ und]/&s its own causes1 effects1 or relations1 b is hat*$1 s to speak1 on ! w+ & flutt]s along 9 ! direction ( its mom5t>y pref]5ce until x lapses1 x kn[s n :y1 or is cross$ & ov]:elm$ by "s contr>y p[]4 ,?us ! vital elem5ts1 :i* 9 _! comp>ative isolation 9 ! l[] animals might h yield$ simple little dramas1 ea* ) its obvi\s ideal1 its a*ievem5t1 & its quietus1 :5 mix$ 9 ! b>b>\s human w make a boi/]\s m$ley4 ,= !y are l9k$ en\gh toge!r to feel a /ra91 b n knit en\gh to =m a h>mony4 ,9 ?is way ! unity ( app]ception seems to light up at fir/ no?+ b disunion4 ,! fir/ dawn ( t rational pr9ciple :i* involves immortality breaks ^u a discov]y ( dea?4 ,! consequ5ce is t ideality seems to man some?+ sup]natural & almo/ impossible4 ,he f9ds himself at 8 awak5+ s confus$ t he puts *aos at ! orig9 ( ! _w4 ,b only ord] c beget a _w or evoke a s5sation4 ,*aos is some?+ second>y1 compos$ ( conflict+ organisations int]f]+ ) "o ano!r4 ,x is comp\nd$ l a common noise out ( jumbl$ vibrations1 ea* ( :i* has its p]iod & w\ld 9 itself be musical4 ,! problem is to arrange ^! s\nds1 naturally s tuneful1 into conc]t$ music4 ,s long z total discord endures human life rema9s spasmodic & irresolute2 x c f9d no ideal & admit no total repres5tation ( nature4 ,only :5 ! disord]$ impulses & p]ceptions settle d[n into a tra9$ in/9ct1 a /eady1 vital response & adequate prep>ation = ! _w1 d cle> ideas & successful purposes arise 9 ! m9d4 ,! ,life ( ,reason1 ) all ! arts1 !n beg9s its c>e]4 ,! =ces at play 9 ?is drama are1 fir/1 ! prim>y impulses & functions repres5t$ by elem5t>y values2 second1 ! ?9 network ( signals & responses by :i* ^? functions are wov5 into a total organ1 repres5t$ by discursive ?\ght & all second>y m5tal figm5ts1 &1 ?ird1 ! equilibrium & total p[] ( t new organism 9 action repres5t$ by ! ideal4 ,spirituality1 :i* might h resid$ 9 ! elem5t>y values1 s5su\s or passionate1 be=e ! relational process sup]v5$1 c n[ exi/ only 9 ! ultimate activity to :i* ^! processes are in/rum5tal4 ,ob/acles to spirituality 9 human life may accord+ly take ! =m ( an arre/ ei!r at ! elem5t>y values--an entanglem5t 9 s5se & passion--or at ! in/rum5tal processes--an entanglem5t 9 :at 9 religi\s p>lance is call$ 8! _w40 ,sid5ote3 ,"o foe ( ! _s is worldl9ess4 ,worldly m9ds bri/le ) conv5tional morality 7?\gh 9 private !y may nurse a vice or two to appease wayw>d nature71 & !y are rational 9 ev]y?+ except fir/ pr9ciples4 ,!y consid] ! voluptu>y a weak fool1 disgrac$ & disreputable2 & if !y notice ! spiritual man at all--= he is easily ignor$--!y reg>d him z a useless & vision>y fell[4 ,civilisation has to "w algebraically ) symbols = kn[n & unkn[n quantities :i* only 9 ! end resume _! concrete values1 s t ! j\rneym5 & vulg> middlem5 ( ! _w "k only conv5tional goods4 ,!y are lo/ 9 in/rum5talities & are !mselves only in/rum5ts 9 ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,weal?1 /ation1 fame1 success ( "s notori\s & outw>d sort1 make _! /&>d ( happ9ess4 ,_! *os5 virtues are indu/ry1 good s5se1 probity1 conv5tional piety1 & :atev] else has ackn[l$g$ utility & seeml9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,! case = & aga9/ pleasure4 ,9 its /rictures on pleasure & rev]ie ?is ,phili/ia is p]fectly "r4 ,s5su\s liv+ 7& ,i d n mean debau*]y alone1 b ! palpitations ( any poet )\t art or any my/ic )\t discipl9e7 is n only inconsequ5tial & %all[1 b dang]\s to hon\r & to s9c]e happ9ess4 ,:5 life rema9s lo/ 9 s5se or rev]ts to x entirely1 humanity itself is atrophi$4 ,& humanity is torm5t$ & spoilt :51 z m (t5 happ5s1 a man disbeliev+ 9 reason & out ( hum\r ) 8 _w1 ab&ons 8 s\l to loose :imseys & passions t play a qu>relsome game !re1 l s _m ill-br$ *ildr54 ,nev]!less1 comp>$ ) ! worldl+'s m5tal me*anism & rhetoric1 ! s5suali/'s s\l is a well ( wisdom4 ,he lives naturally on an animal level & atta9s a k9d ( good4 ,he has free & concrete pursuits1 ?\gh !y be mom5t>y1 & he has s9c]e satisfactions4 ,he is less (t5 corrupt ?an primitive1 & ev5 :5 corrupt he f9ds "s ju/ification = 8 capti\s exi/5ce4 ,he h>ve/s pleasures z he goes :i* intr9sically1 z we h se51 may h ! dep? & ideality :i* nature brea!s 9 all h] oracles4 ,8 exp]i5ce1 = t reason1 ?\gh disa/r\s is int]e/+ & has "s human pa?os2 x is easi] to make a sa9t out ( a lib]t9e ?an out ( a prig4 ,true1 ! lib]t9e is pursu$1 l ! animals1 by un=ese5 tortures1 decay1 & ab&onm5t1 & he is v[$ to a total dea?2 b 9 ^! respects ! worldly man has h>dly an advantage4 ,! ,babels he piles up may inde$ survive 8 p]son1 b !y are !mselves va9 & )\t issue1 :ile 8 brief life has be5 meantime sp5t 9 slav]y & 8 m9d cramp$ ) cant & fooli% ambitions4 ,! voluptu>y is l "s rov+ creature1 br[s+ on nettles & liv+ by *ance2 ! worldl+ is l a bea/ ( burd51 n[ ill-us$ & ov]-work$1 n[ fatt$1 /all$1 & ri*ly cap>ison$4 sop might well h describ$ _! relative happ9ess 9 a fable ab\t ! wild ass & ! mule4 ,sid5ote3 ,up%ot ( worldly wisdom4 ,?us1 ev5 if ! voluptu>y is sometimes a poet & ! worldl+ (t5 an hone/ man1 !y bo? lack reason s entirely t reflection revolts equally aga9/ ! life ( bo?4 ,vanity1 vanity1 is _! common epitaph4 ,n[1 at ! s\l's *ri/5+ & initiation into ! ,life ( ,reason1 ! fir/ v[ mu/ always be to 8r5\nce ! pomps & vanities ( ?is wick$ _w40 ,a p]son to :om ?is means no?+ is "o to :om1 9 ! end1 no?+ has mean+4 ,he has n conceiv$ a highe/ good1 no ultimate goal is )9 8 horizon1 & x has nev] occurr$ to him to ask :at he is liv+ =4 ,) all 8 pomp\s sob]ness1 ! worldly man is fundam5tally frivol\s2 ) all 8 maxims & cant e/imations he is radically inane4 ,he con=ms to religion )\t suspect+ :at religion means1 n be+ 9 ! lea/ op5 to su* an inquiry4 ,he judges art l a p>rot1 )\t hav+ ev] /opp$ to evoke an image4 ,he prea*es ab\t s]vice & duty )\t any recognition ( natural dem&s or any /&>d ( bett]m5t4 ,8 moral life is "o va/ anacolu?on 9 :i* ! f9al t]m is left out t might h giv5 s5se to ! :ole1 "o va/ ellipsis 9 :i* cu/om seems to bridge ! *asm left betwe5 ideas4 ,he d5ies ! values ( s5se because !y tempt to truancies f me*anical activity2 ! values ( reason he necess>ily ignores because !y lie beyond 8 scope4 ,he adh]es to conv5tional maxims & mat]ial quantitative /&>ds2 8 production is !re=e1 z f> z he himself is conc]n$1 an ess5tial wa/e & 8 activity an ess5tial t$ium4 ,if at lea/1 l ! s5suali/1 he enjoy$ ! process & express$ 8 fancy 9 8 life1 !re w\ld be some?+ ga9$2 & ?is sort ( ga91 ?\gh ov]-look$ 9 ! worldl+'s maxims1 all ( :i* h a categorical tone1 is really :at (t5 l5ds 8 life "s propriety & _s4 ,bus9ess & w> & any cu/om>y task may come to =m1 s to speak1 an organ ^: natural function w be j t op]ation1 & ! mo/ ab/ract & second>y activity1 l t ( add+ figures or read+ adv]tisem5ts1 may 9 ?is way become ! "o function prop] to "s s\l4 ,!re are ,nibelung5 dwell+ by *oice und]gr\nd & happy p$ants 9 ! upp] air4 ,facts are n want+ = ^! pill>s ( society to take solace 91 if !y wi% to def5d _! philosophy4 ,! "t w come1 a/ronom]s say1 :5 life w be ext9ct ^u ?is we>y planet4 ,all ! delights ( s5se & imag9ation w be ov]4 ,x is ^! t w h turn$ out to be va94 ,b ! masses ( matt] :i* ! worldl+s h trans=m$ ) _! ma*9]y1 & c>ri$ f "o place to ano!r1 w rema9 to be> witness ( !m4 ,! collocation ( atoms w nev] be :at x w\ld h be5 if _! feet _h less cont9ually beat5 ! e>?4 ,!y may h ! pr\d happ9ess ( kn[+ t1 :5 no?+ t ! _s values endures1 ! e>? may /ill sometimes1 because ( !m1 ca/ a slightly diff]5t %ad[ across ! moon's crat]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,two suppos$ escapes f vanity3 ,!re is no m critical mom5t 9 ! life ( a man & a nation ?an t 9 :i* !y are fir/ consci5ce-/rick5 & convict$ ( vanity4 ,failure1 exhau/ion1 confusion ( aims1 or :atev] else x be t causes a revulsion1 br+s !m be=e a s]i\s dilemma4 ,has ! vanity ( life hi!rto be5 ess5tial or incid5tal8 ,are we to look = a new ambition1 free f all ! illusions ( natural impulse1 or are we r to r5\nce all w indiscrim9ately & fall back ^u con=mity & consummate indiff]5ce8 ,z ?is "q is answ]$ 9 "o way or ! o!r1 two diff]5t types ( unworldly religion arise4 ,sid5ote3 fanaticism4 ,! fir/1 :i* h]alds a new & unimpea*able special hope1 a highe/ duty f9ally recognis$ & driv+ out all less] motives & satisfactions f ! s\l1 ref]s vanity to p]v]sity1 to error1 to a sort ( orig9al misund]/&+ ( our own nature :i* has l$ u1 9 pursu+ our worldly int]e/s1 to pursue 9 tru? our own de/ruction4 ,! vanity ( life1 accord+ to ?is belief1 has be5 accid5tal4 ,! ta9t ( exi/5ce is n innate vanity b casual s92 :at has misl$ u is n ! w 9 g5]al b only ! false & ignorant direction ( a w n recognis+ its only possible satisfaction4 ,:at religion 9 ?is case opposes to ! _w is a special law1 a special hope1 a life int5se1 ambiti\s1 & aggressive1 b exclud+ mu* :i* to an +5u\s w might seem excell5t & tempt+4 ,worldl9ess1 9 a ^w1 is "h met by fanaticism4 ,sid5ote3 & my/icism4 ,! second type ( unworldly religion does n propose to ov]:elm ! old ,adam by s+lem9d$ devotion to "o select$ int]e/1 nor does x ref] vanity to an accid5tal error4 ,on ! contr>y1 x conceives t any special int]e/1 any claim made by a f9ite & mortal creature ^u an inf9ite _w1 is b\nd to be defeat$4 ,x is n special acts1 x conceives1 :i* are s9ful1 b action & w !mselves t are intr9sically fooli%4 ,! cure lies 9 resc9d+ ! passionate int]e/s t torm5t u1 n 9 sub/itut+ = !m ano!r artificial passion m imp]i\s & m]ciless ?an ! natural passions x comes to dev\r4 ,?is =m ( religion accord+ly meets worldl9ess ) my/icism4 ,hol9ess is n plac$ 9 con=mity to a prescriptive law1 9 pursuit ( a slightly reg5]at$ bliss1 nor 9 advanc+ a special in/itution & doctr9e4 ,hol9ess = ! my/ic consi/s r 9 univ]sal mildness & insight2 9 fre$om f all passion1 bias1 & illusion2 9 a disembodi$ wisdom :i* accepts ! _w1 dom9ates its labyr9?s1 & is able to guide o!rs ?r\gh x1 )\t pursu+1 = its own "p1 any hope or desire4 ,sid5ote3 ,bo? are irrational4 ,if ^! two exp$i5ts ( ! consci5ce convict$ ( vanity 7 to be subject$ to a critical judgm5t1 !y w\ld bo? be convict$ ( vanity !mselves4 ,! case ( fanaticism is n d\btful1 = ! *oice x makes ( a special law or in/itution or po/hum\s hope is purely arbitr>y1 & only to be ju/ifi$ by ! satisfaction x af=ds to ^? v desires :i* x boa/s to supplant4 ,an oracul> morality or reveal$ religion c hope to support its s+ul> claims only by %[+ its g5]al con=mity to natural reason & its p]fect b5efic5ce 9 ! _w4 ,:]e su* ju/ification is want+ ! sy/em fanatically embrac$ is simply an epidemic mania1 a social disease = ! philosoph] to /udy &1 if possible1 to cure4 ,e /rong passion t5ds to dislodge ! o!rs1 s t fanaticism may (t5 involve a c]ta9 au/]ity1 impetuosity1 & int5sity ( life4 ,?is vig\r1 h[ev]1 is seldom la/+2 fanaticism dries its own roots & becomes1 :5 traditionally e/abli%$1 a conv5tion z arbitr>y z any fa%ion & ! ne/ = a new brood ( mean & s9i/] habits4 ,! ,ph>isee is a new worldl+1 only 8 little _w is n>r[$ to a temple1 a tribe1 & a cl]ical tradition4 ,my/icism1 z its m$itative nature comports1 is nev] s p]nici\s1 nor c x be br\ght s easily r\nd to worldl9ess aga94 ,t its b5efic5t elem5t is purely natural & inconsi/5t ) a d5ial ( w1 we %all h occasion else:]e to obs]ve4 ,suffice x "h to po9t out1 t ev5 if a moral nihilism c\ld be c>ri$ ?r\gh & all def9ite int]e/s ab&on$1 ! vanity ( life w\ld n be !reby correct$1 b m]ely expos$4 ,:5 our /eps _h be5 retrac$ to ! v ?re%old ( be+1 no?+ bett] wor? do+ w\ld h be5 discov]$ on ! way4 ,t to suff] illusion is a bad ?+ might ord9>ily be tak5 = an axiom1 because ord9>ily we assume t true k & rational volition are possible2 b if ?is assumption is d5i$1 ! value ( retract+ illusions is itself impea*$4 ,:5 vanity is repres5t$ z univ]sal & salvation z purely negative1 e "o is left free to decl>e t x is va9 to r5\nce vanity & s9ful to seek salvation4 ,?is result1 fanta/ic ?\gh x may at fir/ sight appe>1 is "o :i* my/icism actually comes to "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,absolute pessimism & absolute optimism are opposite s5tim5ts atta*$ to a doctr9e id5tically ! same4 ,9 ei!r case no improvem5t is possible1 & ! au?ority ( human ideals is d5i$4 ,to escape1 to /an* natural w\nds1 to r$eem society & ! private s\l1 are !n mi/ak5 & pitiable ambitions1 add+ to _! vanity a c]ta9 t\* ( impiety4 ,"o :o really believes t ! _w's "w is all provid5tially direct$ & t :atev] happ5s1 no matt] h[ calamit\s or %ock+1 happ5s by div9e "r1 has a quieti/ic excuse = lic5se2 to *eck en]gy by reason1 & seek to limit & *oose its pa?1 seems to him a puny rebellion aga9/ omnipot5ce1 :i* works ?r\gh madness & crime 9 man no less ?an ?r\gh cataclysms 9 out] nature4 ,e p>ticul> desire is va9 & b\nd1 p]haps1 to be defeat$2 b ! my/ic1 :5 caught 9 ! expansive mood1 accepts ?is defeat itself z ne$ful4 ,?us a refusal to discrim9ate rationally or to accept human int]e/s z ! /&>d ( "r may culm9ate 9 a convulsive surr5d] to passion1 j z1 :5 caught 9 ! contractile phase1 ! same my/icism may lead to univ]sal ab/5tion4 ,sid5ote3 ,is !re a ?ird c\rse8 ,mu/ unworldl9ess be ei!r fanatical or my/ical8 ,t is a "q ( supreme importance to ! moral philosoph]4 ,on ! answ] to x hangs ! rationality ( a spiritual life2 nay1 ! exi/5ce ( spirituality itself among ! types ( human activity4 ,= ! fanatic & my/ic are only spiritual 9 appe>ance because !y sep>ate !mselves f ! preval5t int]e/s ( ! _w1 ! "o by a special p]si/5t aggression1 ! o!r by a g5]al passivity & une>?ly calm4 ,! fanatic is1 not)/&+1 no?+ b a worldl+ too n>r[ & viol5t to und]/& ! _w1 :ile ! my/ic is a s5suali/ too rapt & voluptu\s to rationalise 8 s5sations4 ,bo? repres5t arre/$ =ms ( common-s5se1 p>tial developm5ts ( a p]fectly usual s5sibility4 ,!re is no div9e inspiration 9 hav+ only "o passion left1 nor 9 dreamfully accept+ or r5\nc+ all ! passions toge!r4 ,spirituality1 if id5tifi$ ) su* types1 might ju/ly be call$ *ildi%4 ,!re is an innoc5t & incr$ul\s *ildi%ness1 ) its useless eyes wide op51 j z !re is a malevol5t & peevi% *ildi%ness1 eat5 up ) "s mis*iev\s :im4 ,! man ( exp]i5ce & affairs c v quickly =m an op9ion on su* ph5om5a4 ,he has no reason to expect sup]ior wisdom 9 ^? qu>t]s4 ,on ! contr>y1 8 own cu/om>y political & humane /&po9t gives him ! only au?oritative measure ( _! m]its & possible uses4 8,^! sect>ies & dream]s10 he w say to himself1 8_c und]/& "o ano!r nor ! role !y !mselves play 9 society4 ,x is = u to make ! be/ ( !m we c1 tak+ su* prud5t measures z are possible to enli/ ! =ces !y repres5t 9 works ( common utility40 ,sid5ote3 ,yes2 = exp]i5ce has intr9sic inali5able values4 ,! philosoph]'s task1 9 ^! premisses1 is to discov] an escape f worldl9ess :i* %all (f] a rational advance ov] x1 su* z fanaticism & my/icism _c af=d4 ,does ! ,life ( ,reason diff] f t ( conv5tion8 ,is !re a spirituality really wis] ?an common-s5se8 ,t !re is appe>s 9 _m directions4 ,worldl9ess is arre/ & absorption 9 ! in/rum5talities ( life2 b in/rum5talities _c exi/ )\t ultimate purposes1 & x suffices to lift ! eyes to ^? purposes & to "q ! w s9c]ely ab\t its ess5tial pref]5ces1 to in/itute a catalogue ( rational goods1 by pursu+ any ( :i* we escape worldl9ess4 ,s5se itself is "o ( ^! goods4 ,! s5suali/ at lea/ is n worldly1 & ?\gh 8 nature be atrophi$ 9 all its high] "p1 !re is n lack+1 z we h se51 a c]ta9 int]nal & ab/ract spirituality 9 8 exp]i5ce4 ,he is a sort ( sprightly & incid5tal my/ic1 treat+ 8 v>i$ succession ( little worlds z ! my/ic does 8 monoton\s univ]se4 ,s5se1 moreov]1 is capable ( _m ref9em5ts1 by :i* physical exi/5ce becomes its own rew>d4 ,9 ! discipl9$ play ( fancy :i* ! f9e arts af=d1 ! m9d's free action ju/ifies itself & becomes intr9sically delightful4 ,sci5ce n only ex]cises 9 itself ! intellectual p[]s1 b assimilates nature to ! m9d1 s t all ?+s may n\ri% x4 ,9 love & fri5d%ip ! lib]al life ext5ds also to ! he>t4 ,all ^! int]e/s1 :i* ju/ify !mselves by _! intr9sic fruits1 make s _m rational episodes & pat*es 9 conv5tional life2 b x mu/ be confess$ 9 all c&\r t ^! are b oases 9 ! des]t1 & t z ! spr+s ( life are irrational1 s its mo/ vehem5t & preval5t int]e/s rema9 irrational to ! end4 ,:5 ! pleasures ( s5se & art1 ( k & sympa?y1 are /ret*$ to ! utmo/1 :at "p w !y cov] & ju/ify ( our passions1 our indu/ry1 our gov]nm5ts1 our religion8 ,x 0 a signal error 9 ^? rationali/s :o attribut$ _! ideal retrospectively to nature t !y grotesquely imag9$ t p 7 hungry s t !y might enjoy eat+1 or curi\s 9 ord] to delight 9 discov]+ ! tru?1 or 9 love ! bett] to live 9 consci\s h>mony4 ,su* a view =gets t all ! =ces ( life "w orig9ally & fundam5tally a t]go1 t exp]i5ce & reason are n ! gr\nd ( pref]5ce b its result4 ,9 ord] to live m5 w "w disproportionately & eat all mann] ( fil? )\t pleasure2 curiosity z (t5 z n leads to illusion1 & argum5t s]ves to fo/] hatr$ ( ! tru?2 f9ally1 love is notori\sly a great f\nta9 ( bitt]ness & frequ5tly a prelude to crime & dea?4 ,:5 we h skimm$ f life its incid5tal successes1 :5 we h h>ve/$ ! mom5ts 9 :i* exi/5ce ju/ifies itself1 its pr(\nd dep?s rema9 bel[ 9 _! obscure commotion1 dep?s t bre$ inde$ a rational effloresc5ce1 b :i* are f> f exhau/$ 9 produc+ x1 & cont9ually ?reat51 on ! contr>y1 to engulf x4 ,sid5ote3 ,= ^! ! religi\s imag9ation mu/ supply an ideal /&>d4 ,! spiritual man ne$s1 !re=e1 some?+ m ?an a cultivat$ sympa?y ) ! bright] sc9tillation ( ?+s4 ,he ne$s to ref] t sc9tillation to "s ess5tial light1 s t 9 review+ ! motley aspects ( exp]i5ce he may n be r$uc$ to cull+ sup]cili\sly ! fl[]s t please him1 b may view 9 !m all only images & v>i$ symbols ( "s et]nal good4 ,spirituality has nev] fl\ri%$ ap>t f religion1 except mom5t>ily1 p]haps1 9 "s ma/]-m9d1 ^: orig9al intuitions at once became a religion to 8 foll[]s4 ,= x is religion t kn[s h[ to int]pret ! casual rationalities 9 ! _w & isolate _! pr9ciple1 sett+ ?is pr9ciple up 9 ! face ( nature z nature's /&>d & model4 ,?is ideal syn!sis ( all t is good1 ?is consci\sness t ov] e>? floats its cong5ial heav51 ?is vision ( p]fection :i* gilds beauty & sanctifies grief1 has tak5 =m1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 su* grossly mat]ial images1 9 a my?ology s opaque & pseudo-physical1 t its ideal & moral ess5ce has be5 sadly obscur$2 nev]!less1 e religion wor?y ( ! "n has put into its gods "s elem5t ( real goodness1 some?+ by :i* !y become repres5tative ( ^? scatt]$ excell5ces & self-ju/ify+ bits ( exp]i5ce 9 :i* ! ,life ( ,reason consi/s4 ,t happy con/itution :i* human life has at its be/ mom5ts--t1 says ,ari/otle1 ! div9e life has cont9ually4 ,! philosoph] ?us express$ ) absolute cle>ness ! pr9ciple :i* ! poets _h be5 clumsily try+ to embody f ! beg9n+4 ,burd5$ z traditional fai?s might be ) cosmological & fanciful matt]1 !y /ill pres5t$ 9 a conspicu\s & p]man5t image t :i* made all good ?+s good1 ! ideal & /&>d ( all excell5ce4 ,by ! help ( su* symbols ! spiritual man c\ld /e] & /eady 8 judgm5t2 he c\ld say1 accord+ to ! =m religion _h tak5 9 8 c\ntry1 t ! truly good 0 :at ,god comm&$1 or :at made man ak9 to ! div9e1 or :at l$ ! s\l to heav54 ,su* expressions1 ?\gh tak5 m or less lit]ally by a metaphysical intellect1 did n :olly =feit _! practical & moral mean+4 ,god1 = a long "t1 0 und]/ood to comm& :at 9 fact 0 truly important1 ! div9e 0 long ! truly noble & beautiful1 heav5 h>dly ev] ceas$ to respond to imp]sonal & ideal aspirations4 ,"u ^? figures1 !re=e1 ! ideals ( life c\ld confront life ) cle>ness & au?ority4 ,! spiritual man1 fix+ 8 eyes on !m1 c\ld live 9 ! pres5ce ( ultimate purposes & ideal issues4 ,be=e ea* imm$iate task1 ea* incid5tal pleasure1 ea* casual success1 he c\ld reta9 8 sweetness & con/ancy1 accept+ :at good ^! mom5ts br\ght & lay+ x on ! alt> ( :at !y ought to br+4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,*>ity ,sid5ote3 ,possible tyranny ( reason4 ,^? :om a g5u9e spirituality has fre$ f ! fooli% en*antm5t ( words & conv5tions & br\ght back to a natural ideal1 h /ill ano!r illusion to vanqui%1 "o into :i* ! v conc5tration & deep5+ ( _! life might lead !m4 ,?is illusion is t !y & _! *os5 int]e/s alone are important or h a legitimate place 9 ! moral _w4 ,hav+ discov]$ :at is really good = !mselves1 !y assume t ! l is good = ev]ybody4 ,hav+ made a tol]able syn!sis & purification ( _! own natures1 !y require e o!r nature to be compos$ ( ! same elem5ts simil>ly comb9$4 ,:at !y h vanqui%$ 9 !mselves !y disreg>d 9 o!rs2 & ! consequ5ce sometimes is t an impossibly simplifi$ & inconsid]ate regim5 is propos$ to mank9d1 altoge!r unrepres5tative ( _! total int]e/s4 ,spiritual m51 9 a ^w1 may fall into ! ari/ocrat's fallacy2 !y may =get ! inf9ite animal & vulg> life :i* rema9s q disjo9t$1 impulsive1 & %ort-w9d$1 b :i* nev]!less palpitates ) joys & sorr[s1 & makes aft] all ! bulk ( moral values 9 ?is democratic _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,ev]y?+ has its rights4 ,aft] adopt+ an ideal x is necess>y1 !re=e1 )\t ab&on+ x1 to recognise its relativity4 ,! "r pa? is 9 su* a matt] r difficult to keep to4 ,on ! "o h& lies fanatical insi/5ce on an ideal once arriv$ at1 no matt] h[ _m in/9cts & int]e/s 7! basis ( all ideals7 are !reby outrag$ 9 o!rs & ultimately also 9 "o's self4 ,on ! o!r h& lies my/ical dis9tegration1 :i* leads m5 to feel s ke5ly ! rights ( ev]y?+ 9 p>ticul> & ( ! ,all 9 g5]al1 t !y reta9 no he>ty allegiance to any human int]e/4 ,betwe5 ^! two abysses w9ds ! n>r[ pa? ( *>ity & val\r4 ,! ultimate ideal is absolutely au?oritative1 because if any gr\nd 7 f\nd to relax allegiance to x 9 any degree or = any consid]ation1 t gr\nd w\ld itself be ! ideal1 f\nd to be m ne>ly absolute & ultimate ?an ! "o1 ha/ily s call$1 :i* x correct$4 ,! ultimate ideal1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 its f9ality & preclude ! possibility ( an appeal :i* %\ld dislodge x f its place ( au?ority1 mu/ h tak5 all int]e/s into consid]ation2 x mu/ be univ]sally repres5tative4 ,n[1 to take an int]e/ into consid]ation & repres5t x means to int5d1 z f> z possible1 to secure ! p>ticul> good :i* t p>ticul> int]e/ looks to1 & nev]1 :atev] measures may be adopt$1 to cease to look back on ! elem5t>y impulse z ^u some?+ :i* ought1 if possible1 to h be5 satisfi$1 & :i* we %\ld /ill g back & satisfy n[1 if circum/ances & ! claims ( rival int]e/s p]mitt$4 ,ju/ice & *>ity are id5tical4 ,to d5y ! initial "r ( any impulse is n morality b fanaticism4 ,h[ev] det]m9$ may be ! prohibition :i* reason opposes to "s wild in/9ct1 t prohibition is nev] reckless2 x is nev] inconsid]ate ( ! v impulse :i* x suppresses4 ,x suppresses t impulse unwill+ly1 pitifully1 "u /ress ( compulsion & =ce majeure2 = reason1 9 repres5t+ ?is impulse 9 ! context ( life & 9 relation to e o!r impulse :i*1 9 its op]ation1 x w\ld affect me*anically1 rejects & condemns x2 b x condemns x n by antec$5t hate b by sup]v5+ wisdom4 ,! texture ( ! natural _w1 ! conflict ( int]e/s 9 ! s\l & 9 society1 all ( :i* _c be satisfi$ toge!r1 is accord+ly ! gr\nd = moral re/rictions & compromises4 ,:atev] ! up-%ot ( ! /ruggle may be1 :atev] ! v]dict pron\nc$ by reason1 ! p>ties to ! suit mu/ 9 ju/ice all be he>d1 & he>d sympa!tically4 ,sid5ote3 ,prim>y & second>y morality4 ,h]e9 lies ! great diff]5ce betwe5 fir/-h& & second-h& morality4 ,! retail]s ( moral tru?1 ! t[n-cri]s t g %\t+ 9 ! /reets "s s5t5ce pass$ long ago 9 reason's c\rt aga9/ "s inadmissible desire1 "k no?+ ( ju/ice or m]cy or reason--?ree pr9ciples ess5tially id5tical4 ,!y ?und] conclusions )\t rememb]+ ! premisses1 & expose _! precepts1 daily1 ( c\rse1 gr[n m ?9 & unrepres5tative1 to ! av]sion & neglect ( all :o g5u9ely love :at is good4 ,! ma/]s ( life1 on ! contr>y1 ! fir/ fram]s & discov]]s ( moral ideals1 are p]sons :o disreg>d ^? worn conv5tions & _! pr(essional int]pret]s3 !y are p]sons :o h a fre% s5se = ! univ]sal ne$ & cry ( human s\ls1 & recon/ruct ! _w ( duty to make x fit bett] ) ! _w ( desire & ( possible happ9ess4 ,prim>y morality1 inspir$ by love ( some?+ naturally good1 is accord+ly *>itable & ready to =give2 :ile second>y morality1 f\nd$ on prejudice1 is fanatical & ru?less4 ,sid5ote3 ,un*>itable pagan ju/ice is n j4 ,z virtue c>ries ) x a pleasure :i* p]fects x & )\t :i* virtue w\ld evid5tly be spuri\s & m]ely compulsory1 s ju/ice c>ries ) x a *>ity :i* is its highe/ expression1 )\t :i* ju/ice rema9s only an organis$ wrong4 ,( ju/ice )\t *>ity we h a classic illu/ration 9 ,plato's ,republic & 9 g5]al 9 ! pagan _w4 ,an end is assum$1 9 ?is case an end :i* involves radical inju/ice t[>d e int]e/ n includ$ 9 x2 & !n an organism is develop$ or conceiv$ t %all subs]ve t end1 & political ju/ice is def9$ z ! h>moni\s adju/m5t ( p[]s & functions )9 t organism4 ,reason & art suffice to discov] ! "r me?ods = rea*+ ! *os5 end1 & ! polity ?us e/abli%$1 ) all its sev]ities & sacrifices ( p]sonal w1 is rationally gr\nd$4 ,! *os5 end1 h[ev]1 is arbitr>y1 &1 9 fact1 p]v]se2 = to ma9ta9 a conv5tional city ) /able in/itutions & p]petual milit>y effici5cy w\ld n secure human happ9ess2 nor 7to pass to ! individual virtue symbolis$ by su* a /ate7 w\ld ! correspond+ discipl9e ( p]sonal habits1 9 ! s]vice ( ve/$ int]e/s & bodily life1 truly unfold ! pot5tialities ( ! human _s4 ,plato himself1 9 pass+1 ackn[l$ges t 8 political ideal is second>y & n ideal at all1 s9ce only luxury1 corruption1 & physical accid5ts make a milit>y /ate necess>y2 b 8 absorption 9 curr5t ,greek que/ions made him neglect ! initial "q ( all1 namely1 h[ a non-milit>y & non-competitive /ate might be e/abli%$1 or r h[ ! rem$ial functions ( ! /ate might be =e/all$ by natural ju/ice & r5d]$ unnecess>y4 ,! viol5ce :i* su* a fall5 ideal1 ) its iniquit\s virtues1 does to humanity appe>$ only too cle>ly 9 ! sequel1 :5 ,platonism took refuge 9 ! sup]natural4 ,! :ole pagan _w 0 convict$ ( inju/ice & ! cities = ^: glory ! greate/ h]oes _h liv$ & di$ 7 ab&on$ ) horror4 ,only 9 a catacomb or a h]mitage did !re seem to be any room = ! s\l4 ,?is revulsion1 p]v]se 9 its own way1 express$ rightly en\gh ! p]v]sity ( t unju/ ju/ice1 ^? worldly & arbitr>y virtues1 & t sad happ9ess :i* _h enslav$ ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,! doom ( anci5t republics4 ,plato c\ld nev] h answ]$ ! "q :e!r 8 ,republic _h a "r to exi/ & to bru% aside all o!r commonweal?s2 he c\ld nev] h ju/ifi$ ! ways ( man to ! re/ ( creation nor 7:at is m p]t95t7 to man's m pla/ic & t5d]] imag9ation4 ,! initial impulses on :i* 8 ,republic is f\nd$1 :i* make w>1 def5sive & aggressive1 ! fir/ bus9ess ( ! /ate1 are n irresi/ible impulses1 !y d n correspond to ultimate ends4 ,physical life _c ju/ify itself2 x _c be made ! purpose ( ^? rational faculties :i* x g5]ates2 ^!1 on ! contr>y1 are its own end4 ,! purpose ( w> mu/ be peace2 ! purpose ( competition a m g5]al prosp]ity2 ! purpose ( p]sonal life ideal a*ievem5ts4 ,a polity :i* %\ld n t5d to aboli% private lu/s1 competition1 & w> w\ld be an irrational polity4 ,! organisation :i* ! anci5ts insi/$ on )9 ea* /ate1 ! sacrifices !y impos$ on ea* class 9 ! community = ! g5]al welf>e1 h to be repeat$ 9 t great] commonweal? ( :i* cities & nations are citiz5s2 = _! own exi/5ce & prosp]ity dep5ds on conciliat+ inw>dly all t may affect !m & turn+ =eign =ces1 :5 contact ) !m is inevitable1 into fri5ds4 ,duty & co-op]ation mu/ ext5d z f> z d physical bonds1 ! function ( reason be+ to br+ life into h>mony ) its conditions1 s z to r5d] x self-p]petuat+ & free4 ,?is end c nev] be atta9$ :ile ! scope ( moral fell[%ip is n>r[] ?an t ( physical int]play4 ,anci5t civilisation1 brilliant 9 proportion to its inn] integration1 0 brief 9 proportion to its out] inju/ice4 ,by defy+ ! ext]nal =ces on :i* also a commonweal? dep5ds1 ^? commonweal?s came to premature ext9ction4 ,sid5ote3 ,rational *>ity4 ,!re is accord+ly a ju/ice deep] & mild] ?an t ( pagan /ates1 a univ]sal ju/ice call$ *>ity1 a k9d ( all-p5etrat+ c\rtesy1 by :i* ! limits ( p]sonal or corporate int]e/s are transgress$ 9 imag9ation4 ,value is attribut$ to rival =ms ( life2 some?+ ( ! int5sity & n>r[ness inh]5t 9 ! private w is surr5d]$ to admiration & solicitude = :at is mo/ ali5 & ho/ile to "o's self4 ,:5 ?is imag9ative expansion ends 9 neutralis+ ! w altoge!r1 we h my/icism2 b :5 x s]ves m]ely to co-ord9ate felt int]e/s ) o!r actual int]e/s conceiv$ sympa!tically1 & to make !m conv]ge1 we h ju/ice & *>ity4 ,*>ity is no?+ b a radical & imag9ative ju/ice4 ,s ! ,buddhi/ /ret*es 8 sympa?y to all real be+s & to _m imag9>y mon/]s2 s ! ,*ri/ian *ooses = 8 love ! diseas$1 ! s9ful1 ! unlovely4 ,8 own salvation does n seem to ei!r complete unless e o!r creature also is r$eem$ & =giv54 ,sid5ote3 ,its limits4 ,su* univ]sal solicitude is rational1 h[ev]1 only :5 ! be+s to :i* x ext5ds are 9 practical effici5t relations ) ! life t w\ld co-op]ate ) !irs4 ,9 o!r words1 *>ity ext5ds only to physical & discov]able creatures1 ^: de/9y is int]wov5 dynamically ) our own4 ,absolute & irresponsible fancy c be ! basis ( no duty4 ,if n to take o!r real =ces & int]e/s into acc\nt made classic /ates un/able & unju/1 to take into consid]ation purely imag9>y =ces yields a polity f\nd$ on sup]/ition1 "o unju/ to ^? :o live "u x4 ,a compromise made ) non-exi/5t or irrelevant int]e/s is a wrong to ! real int]e/s on :i* t sacrifice is impos$ gratuit\sly4 ,all sacrifices exact$ by m]e religion h accord+ly be5 inhuman2 at be/ !y h un9t5tionally made "s am5ds by af=d+ ab/ract discipl9e or arti/ic =ms ( expression4 ,! sacrifice mu/ be fruitful 9 ! end & br+ happ9ess to somebody3 o!rwise x _c long rema9 t5d] or beautiful4 ,sid5ote3 ,its my?ical supports4 ,*>ity is seldom f\nd uncol\r$ by fables :i* illu/rate x & l5d x a motive by :i* x c ju/ify itself v]bally4 ,metempsy*osis1 heav5 & hell1 ,*ri/'s suff]+ = e s9n]1 are notions by :i* *>ity has (t5 be5 guid$ & w>m$4 ,l my? ev]y:]e1 ^! notions express judgm5ts :i* !y d n orig9ate1 al?\gh !y may /r5g!n or di/ort !m 9 giv+ !m expression4 ,! same my?s1 9 cruel h&s1 become goads to fanaticism4 ,t natural s5sitiv5ess 9 :i* *>ity consi/s has _m degrees & _m inequalities2 ! _s bl[e? :]e x li/e?4 ,incid5tal circum/ances det]m9e its phases & atta*m5ts 9 life4 ,*ri/ian *>ity1 = in/ance1 has two *ief p>ts3 fir/1 x ha/5s to relieve ! body2 !n1 =gett+ physical economy altoge!r1 x proce$s to r$eem ! s\l4 ,! bodily works ( m]cy :i* ,*ri/ians p]=m ) s mu* tact & devotion are n su* z philan?ropy alone w\ld inspire2 !y are m & less ?an t4 ,!y are m1 because !y are done ) a c]ta9 disproportionate & absolute solicitude1 q ap>t f ultimate b5efit or a ?\ght ( ! be/ di/ribution ( en]gies2 !y are also less1 because !y /op at heal+1 & _c pass beyond ! rem$ial & incid5tal phase )\t ceas+ to be ,*ri/ian4 ,! poor1 says ,*ri/ian *>ity1 we h always ) u2 e man mu/ be a s9n]--else :at obligation %\ld he h to rep5t8--&1 9 f9e1 ?is _w is ess5tially ! k+dom ( ,satan4 ,*>ity comes only to relieve ! mo/ urg5t bodily ne$s1 & !n to wean ! he>t altoge!r f mortal int]e/s4 ,?us ,*ri/ianity cov]s ! _w ) hospitals & orphanages2 b its only positive lab\rs g on 9 *ur*es & conv5ts1 nor w x f\nd s*ools1 if left to itself1 to tea* any?+ except religion4 ,^! (fices may be p]=m$ ) m or less success1 ) m or less appeal to ! miracul\s2 b1 ) :atev] mixture ( magic & policy1 ,*ri/ian *>ity has nev] aim$ at any?+ b heal+ ! body & sav+ ! s\l4 ,sid5ote3 ,!re is intellig5ce 9 *>ity4 ,*ri/ himself1 we may well feel1 did n affect publicans & s9n]s1 ignorant p & *ildr51 9 ord] to save !m 9 ! regim5tal & prescriptive fa%ion adopt$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,he comm&$ ^? he =gave to s9 no m & ^? he heal$ to g1 z cu/om w\ld h x1 to ! prie/4 ,he und]/ood ! bright good t ea* s9n] 0 foll[+ :5 he /umbl$ into ! pit4 ,= ?is insight he 0 lov$4 ,to be rebuk$ 9 t sympa!tic _s 0 to be com=t$2 to be puni%$ by su* a h& 0 to be made :ole4 ,! ,magdal5e 0 =giv5 because %e _h lov$ mu*2 an absolution :i* rehabilitates ! prim>y long+ t _h driv5 h] on1 a long+ n insult$ b compreh5d$ 9 su* an absolution1 & purifi$ by t compreh5sion4 ,x is a *>itable salvation :i* enables ! newly reveal$ deity to be absolutely lov$4 ,*>ity has ?is art ( mak+ m5 ab&on _! errors )\t ask+ !m to =get _! ideals4 ,sid5ote3 ,buddhi/ & ,*ri/ian =ms ( x4 ,9 ,buddhism ! same *>ity we>s a m speculative =m4 ,all be+s are to be r$eem$ f ! illusion :i* is ! f\nta9 ( _! tr\bles4 ,none is to be compell$ to assume irrationally an ali5 set ( duties or o!r functions ?an 8 own4 ,_s is n to be inc>c]at$ p]petually 9 grotesque & accid5tal mon/]s1 b to be fre$ f all fatality & compulsion4 ,! goal is n "s m flatt]+ inc>nation1 b escape f inc>nation altoge!r4 ,ignorance is to be enlight5$1 passion calm$1 mi/ak5 de/9y revok$2 only :at ! inmo/ be+ desid]ates1 only :at c really quiet ! long+s embodi$ 9 any p>ticul> w1 is to occupy ! r$eem$ m9d4 ,"h1 ?\gh creative reason is :olly want+1 *>ity is truly und]/ood2 = x avails little to make ( k9dness a vic>i\s selfi%ness & to use neighb\rly (fices to plunge our neighb\r deep] into 8 fav\rite follies4 ,su* s]vile sympa?y w\ld make m5 "o ano!r's accomplices r ?an fri5ds4 ,x w\ld treat !m ) a weak promiscu\s fav\r1 n ) true m]cy & ju/ice4 ,9 *>ity !re c be no?+ to rep5t (1 z !re s (t5 is 9 natural love & 9 p>tisan propag&a4 ,*ri/ians h sometimes int]pret$ *>ity z zeal to br+ m5 into _! p>ticul> fold2 or1 at o!r times1 :5 en?usiasm = doctr9e & in/itutes has cool$1 !y h int]pret$ *>ity to be m]e bl9d co-op]ation1 no matt] 9 :at4 ,! ,buddhi/s seem to h %[n a f9] s5se 9 _! m9i/ry1 kn[+ h[ to comb9e univ]sal sympa?y ) p]fect spirituality4 ,!re 0 no br[-beat+ 9 _! call to conv]sion1 no new tyranny impos$ ( sanction$ by _! promis$ deliv]ance4 ,if !y c\ld n rise to a positive conception ( natural life1 ?is inability b m>ks ! well-kn[n limitations ( ,ori5tal fancy1 :i* has nev] be5 able to di/+ui% /eadily t imag9ation :i* re/s on & expresses mat]ial life f t :i*1 9 its import1 breaks loose f ! giv5 conditions ( life altoge!r1 & is !re=e mon/r\s & dreamful4 ,b at lea/ ,buddhism knew h[ to s\nd ! he>t & pi]ce to ! g5u9e pr9ciples ( happ9ess & mis]y4 ,if x did n v5ture to int]pret reason positively1 x at lea/ =bore to usurp its inw>d & autonom\s au?ority1 & did n set up1 9 ! "n ( salvation1 "s new p>tiality1 "s new pr9ciple ( di/ress & illusion4 ,9 de/roy+ worldl9ess ?is religion avoid$ impo/ure4 ,! cle>+ x made 9 ! s\l 0 soon ov]gr[n aga9 by ! inexorable ,indian jungle2 b _h a virile intellect be5 at h&1 x w\ld h be5 free to raise some?+ solid & rational 9 ! space s happily swept clean ( all accumulat$ rubbi%4 ,sid5ote3 ,app>5t division ( ! spiritual & ! natural4 ,aga9/ av>ice1 lu/1 & ranc\r1 aga9/ cruel & va9 national ambitions1 t5d]] & m recollect$ m9ds h always s\ght "s asylum3 b !y h ! seldom possess$ en\gh k ( nature & ( human life to di/+ui% cle>ly ! g5u9e & innoc5t goods :i* !y long$ =1 & _! prote/ aga9/ 8! _w0 has too (t5 tak5 on a my/ical & irrational acc5t4 ,*>ity1 = in/ance1 9 its pr(\nd] deliv]ances1 has become a prote/ aga9/ ! illusion ( p]sonality2 :]eby exi/5ce & action seem to be :olly condemn$ aft] _! pr9ciple has be5 id5tifi$ ) selfi%ness4 ,an artificial puzzle is ?us creat$1 ! same concept1 selfi%ness or an irrational p>tiality & inju/ice 9 ! w1 be+ appli$ to two pr9ciples ( action1 ! "o wrong & ! o!r necess>y4 ,e man is necess>ily ! seat ( 8 own desires1 :i*1 if truly fulfill$1 w\ld br+ him satisfaction2 b ! objects 9 :i* t satisfaction may be f\nd1 & ! =ces t mu/ co-op]ate to secure x1 lie f> afield1 & 8 life w rema9 cramp$ & self-de/ructive s long z he does n envisage its :ole basis & co-op]ate ) all 8 pot5tial allies4 ,! rationality :i* w\ld !n be atta9$ is s imm5sely exalt$ above ! microscopic vision & puncti=m s5sibility ( ^? :o ?9k !mselves practical1 t speculative natures seem to be proclaim+ ano!r set ( int]e/s1 ano!r & q miracul\s life1 :5 !y attempt to ?aw out & vivify ! vulg> me*anism2 & ! s5se ( e/rangem5t & contradiction (t5 comes ov] ! spiritually m9d$ !mselves1 mak+ !m confess sadly t ! k+dom ( heav5 is n ( ?is _w4 ,z common morality itself falls easily into my?ical expressions & speaks ( a fight betwe5 consci5ce & nature1 reason & ! passions1 z if ^! 7 indep5d5t 9 _! orig9 or c\ld be divid$ 9 _! op]ation1 s spiritual life ev5 m readily opposes ! ideal to ! real1 ! reveal$ & heav5ly tru? to ! extant reality1 z if ! "o c\ld be any?+ b an expression & fulfilm5t ( ! o!r4 ,be+ equal conv9c$ t spiritual life is au?oritative & possible1 & t x is oppos$ to all t e>?ly exp]i5ce has z yet suppli$1 ! prophet almo/ inevitably speaks ( ano!r _w above ! cl\ds & ano!r exi/5ce beyond ! grave2 he ?us seeks to clo! 9 concrete & imag9able =m ! ideal to :i* natural exi/5ce seems to him :olly rebelli\s4 ,spiritual life comes to mean life ab/ract$ f politics1 f art1 f s5se1 ev5 9 ! end f morality4 ,natural motives & natural virtues are contra/$ ) ^? :i* are h5ce=? call$ sup]natural1 & all ! gr\nds & sanctions ( "r liv+ are transf]r$ to ano!r life4 ,a doctr9e ( immortality ?us becomes ! fav\rite expression ( religion4 ,by its v>iations & great] or less transp>5cy & ideality we c measure ! degree ( spiritual insight :i* has be5 rea*$ at any mom5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,belief ,,9 ,a ,,future ,,life ,sid5ote3 ,! l5g? ( life a subject = natural sci5ce4 ,at no po9t are ! two +r$i5ts ( religion1 sup]/ition & moral tru?1 m (t5 confus$ ?an 9 ! doctr9e ( immortality1 yet 9 none are !y m cle>ly di/+ui%able4 ,ideal immortality is a pr9ciple reveal$ to insight2 x is se5 by obs]v+ ! et]nal quality ( ideas & validities1 & ! aff9ity to !m native to reason or ! cognitive en]gy ( m9d4 ,a future life1 on ! contr>y1 is a matt] = fai? or presumption2 x is a prophetic hypo!sis reg>d+ occult exi/5ces4 ,?is latt] "q is sci5tific & empirical1 & %\ld be treat$ z su*4 ,a man is1 =5sically speak+1 ! same man aft] ! nightly break 9 8 consci\sness4 ,aft] _m *anges 9 8 body & aft] long oblivion1 p>cels ( 8 y\? may be reviv$ & may come to figure aga9 among ! factors 9 8 action4 ,simil>ly1 if evid5ce to t effect 7 available1 we might e/abli% ! resurrection ( a giv5 s\l 9 new bodies or its activity 9 remote places & times4 ,evid5ce ( ?is sort has 9 fact always be5 (f]$ copi\sly by rum\r & sup]/ition4 ,! op]ation ( dep>t$ spirits1 l t ( ! gods1 has be5 recognis$ 9 _m a dream1 or message1 or opportune succ\r4 ,! ,dioscuri & ,sa9t ,james ! ,apo/le h appe>$--pref]ably on :ite horses--9 sundry battles4 ,spirits duly invok$ h repeat$ =gott5 gossip & reveal$ ! places :]e crimes _h be5 committ$ or treasure buri$4 ,m (t51 p]haps1 gho/s h walk$ ! night )\t any o/5sible or useful purpose1 app>5tly 9 ob$i5ce to "s gha/ly compulsion t crept ov] !m 9 dea?1 z if a hesitat+ sickle _h left !m /ill hang+ to life by "o att5uat$ fibre4 ,sid5ote3 8,psy*ical0 ph5om5a4 ,! mass ( ?is evid5ce1 anci5t & mod]n1 traditional & /ati/ical1 is b5ea? consid]ation2 ! palpitat+ mood 9 :i* x is ga!r$ & receiv$1 ev5 :5 o/5sibly sci5tific1 is su* t gullibility & fiction play a v l>ge "p 9 ! report2 = x is n to be assum$ t a man1 because he speaks 9 ! fir/ p]son & addresses a le>n$ society1 has lo/ ! primordial faculty ( ly+4 ,:5 due all[ance has be5 made1 h[ev]1 = leg5d & fraud1 !re rema9s a c]ta9 residuum ( clairvoyance & telepa?y1 & an occasional abnormal ob$i5ce ( matt] to m9d :i* might pass = magic4 ,!re are unmi/akable indications t 9 ^! regions we t\* l[] & m rudim5t>y faculties4 ,!re seems to be1 z is q natural1 a sub-human s5sibility 9 man1 :]e9 ideas are connect$ toge!r by bonds s irrational & t5aci\s t !y seem miracul\s to a m9d already tra9$ 9 practical & relevant ?9k+4 ,?is sub-human s5se1 f> f repres5t+ important tru?s m cle>ly ?an ord9>y appreh5sion c1 r$uces consci\sness aga9 to a tangle ( trivial impressions1 %ots ( unc]ta9 range1 z if a sk9 _h n yet =m$ ov] ! body4 ,x em]ges 9 t5se & disorganis$ mom5ts4 ,its reports are ! m trifl+ ! m />t+ly lit]al _! v]acity4 ,x seems to repres5t a /ratum ( life b5ea? moral or intellectual functions1 & b5ea? all p]sonality4 ,:5 pro( has be5 f\nd t a gho/ has actually be5 se51 pro( is requir$ t ! phantom has be5 rightly recognis$ & nam$2 & ?is imput$ id5tity is nev] demon/rable & 9 mo/ cases impossible4 ,s 9 ! magic cures :i* f "t immemorial h be5 record$ at %r9es ( all religions1 & :i* h be5 attribut$ to wond]-work]s ( e sect3 ! "o ?+ c]ta9 ab\t !m is t !y prove nei!r ! tru? ( :atev] my? is caprici\sly associat$ ) !m1 nor ! goodness or volunt>y p[] ( ! miracle-work] himself4 ,heal] & m$ium are alike vehicles = "s elem5tal en]gy !y _c control1 & :i* z (t5 z n misses fire2 at be/ !y feel a p[] go+ out ( !m :i* !y !mselves und]go1 & :i* radiates f !m l electricity1 to "w1 z *ance w h x1 good or evil 9 ! _w4 ,! :ole op]ation lies1 9 s f> z x really takes place at all1 on ! l[e/ levels ( un9tellig5ce1 9 a region closely alli$ to madness 9 consci\sness & to sporadic organic impulses 9 ! physical sph]e4 ,sid5ote3 ,hyp]trophies ( s5se4 ,among ! bl9d1 ! ret9a hav+ lo/ its function1 ! re/ ( ! sk9 is said to recov] its primordial s5sitiv5ess to di/ance & light1 s t ! sightless h a cle>] premonition ( objects ab\t !m ?an see+ p c\ld h 9 ! d>k4 ,s :5 reason & ! ord9>y processes ( s5se are 9 abeyance a c]ta9 univ]sal s5sibility seems to return to ! s\l2 influ5ces at o!r times n appreciable make !n a s5sible impression1 & automatic reactions may be run ?r\gh 9 response to a /imulus normally q insuffici5t4 ,n[ ! complexity ( nature is prodigi\s2 ev]y?+ t happ5s leaves1 l buri$ cities1 almo/ indelible traces :i* an eye1 by *ance att5tive & duly prep>$1 c manage to read1 recov]+ = a mom5t ! image ( an ext9ct life4 ,symbols1 illegible to reason1 c ?us sometimes read !mselves out 9 trance & madness4 ,fa9t ve/iges may be f\nd 9 matt] ( =ms :i* x once wore1 or :i*1 l a p]fume1 impregnat$ & got lodgm5t )9 x4 ,slight e*oes may sudd5ly recon/itute !mselves 9 ! m9d's sil5ce2 & a half-/unn$ consci\sness may cat* brief glimpses ( long-lo/ & irrelevant ?+s4 ,real gho/s are su* rev]b]ations ( ! pa/1 exce$+ ord9>y imag9ation & disc]nm5t bo? 9 vividness & 9 fidelity2 !y may n be explicable )\t appeal+ to mat]ial influ5ces subtl] ?an ^? ord9>ily recognis$1 z !y are obvi\sly n discov]able )\t "s d]angem5t & hyp]trophy ( ! s5ses4 ,sid5ote3 ,^! possibilities affect physical exi/5ce only4 ,t su* subtl] influ5ces %\ld exi/ is entirely consonant ) reason & exp]i5ce2 b only a hank]+ t5d]ness = sup]/ition1 a failure to appreciate ! function bo? ( religion & ( sci5ce1 c lead to rev]5ce = su* oracul> gibb]i% z ^! influ5ces provoke4 ,! _w is we>y ( exp]im5t+ ) magic4 ,9 utt] s]i\sness & ) imm5se solemnity :ole races h giv5 !mselves up to exploit+ ^! %abby my/]ies2 & :ile a new survey ( ! facts1 9 ! light ( natural sci5ce & psy*ology1 is c]ta9ly n sup]flu\s1 x c be expect$ to lead to no?+ b a m detail$ & consci5ti\s description ( natural processes4 ,! ?\ght ( employ+ su* inve/igations to save at ! la/ mom5t religi\s doctr9es f\nd$ on moral ideas is a pa!tic blund]2 ! obsc5e sup]natural has no?+ to d ) rational religion4 ,if x 7 discov]$ t wret*$ e*oes ( a pa/ life c\ld be actually he>d by putt+ "o's e> long en\gh to a tomb1 & if 7p] impossibile7 ^? e*oes c\ld be legitimately attribut$ to ano!r m9d1 & to ! v m9d1 inde$1 ^: =m] body 0 int]r$ !re1 a melan*oly *apt] w\ld inde$ be add$ to man's e>?ly =tunes1 s9ce x w\ld appe> t ev5 aft] dea? he reta9$1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 a fatal atta*m5t to 8 dead body & to ! o!r mat]ial in/rum5ts ( 8 e>?ly life4 ,obvi\sly su* a discov]y w\ld tea* u m ab\t dy+ ?an ab\t immortality2 ! tru?s disclos$1 s9ce !y w\ld be disclos$ by exp]im5t & obs]vation1 w\ld be psy*o-physical tru?s1 imply+ no?+ ab\t :at a truly disembodi$ life might be1 if "o 7 atta9able2 = a disembodi$ life c\ld by no possibility betray itself 9 spectres1 rumbl+s1 & spasms4 ,actual ?und]s f ,s9ai & an actual discov]y ( two /one tables w\ld h be5 utt]ly irrelevant to ! moral au?ority ( ! t5 comm&m5ts or to ! exi/5ce ( a truly supreme be+4 ,no less irrelevant to a supramundane immortality is ! l5g? ( "t dur+ :i* human spirits may be condemn$ to op]ate on e>? aft] _! bodies are quiet4 ,9 o!r words1 spectral survivals w\ld at mo/ enl>ge our conception ( ! s\l's physical basis1 spread+ out ! area ( its manife/ations2 !y c\ld n possibly1 see+ ! survivals are physical1 reveal ! disembodi$ exi/5ce ( ! s\l4 ,sid5ote3 ,moral gr\nds = ! doctr9e4 ,! necess>y assumption ( a future4 ,su* a disembodi$ exi/5ce1 remov$ by its nature f ! sph]e ( empirical evid5ce1 might nev]!less be actual1 & gr\nds ( a moral or metaphysical type might be s\ght = po/ulat+ its reality4 ,life & ! w to live are at bottom id5tical4 ,exp]i5ce itself is transitive & c h>dly arise ap>t f a =w>d ef=t & prophetic appreh5sion by :i* adju/m5ts are made to a future unmi/akably =ese54 ,?is premonition1 by :i* action seeks to ju/ify & expla9 itself to reflection1 may be analys$ into a gr\p ( memories & s5sations ( movem5t1 g5]at+ ideal expectations :i* might easily be disappo9t$2 b scepticism ab\t ! future c h>dly be ma9ta9$ 9 ! heat ( action4 ,a po/ulate act$ on is an act ( g5u9e & dogmatic fai?4 ,i n only po/ulate a morr[ :5 ,i prep>e = x1 b +5u\sly & he>tily believe t ! morr[ w come4 ,?is fai? does n am\nt to c]titude2 ,i may confess1 if *all5g$1 t be=e to-morr[ ,i & ! _w & "t itself might conceivably come to an end toge!r2 b t idle possibility1 s long z x does n slack5 action1 w n di/urb belief4 ,e mom5t ( life accord+ly tru/s t life w cont9ue2 & ?is prophetic int]pretation ( action1 s long z action la/s1 am\nts to cont9ual fai? 9 futurity4 ,sid5ote3 ,an assumption no evid5ce4 ,a sophi/ might easily trans=m ?is psy*ological necessity into a dazzl+ pro( ( immortality4 ,to believe any?+1 he might say1 is to be active2 b action involves fai? 9 a future & 9 ! fruits ( action2 & z no liv+ mom5t c be )\t ?is confid5ce1 belief 9 ext9ction w\ld be self-contradictory & at no mom5t a possible belief4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 is n :e!r e giv5 mom5t has or has n a speci\s future be=e x to :i* x looks =w>d1 b :e!r ! realisation ( su* =esight1 a realisation :i* dur+ wak+ life is r\ghly usual1 is incapable ( fail+4 ,n[ expectation1 nev] )\t its requisite antec$5ts & natural necessity1 (t5 lacks fulfilm5t1 & nev] f9ds its fulfilm5t entire2 s t ! necessity ( a po/ulate gives no w>rant = its v]ification4 ,expectation & action are con/antly susp5d$ toge!r2 & :at happ5s :5ev] ?\ght loses itself or /umbles1 :at happ5s :5ev] 9 its %ifts x =gets its =m] objects1 might well happ5 at crucial times to t tra9 ( int5tions :i* we call a p>ticul> life or ! life ( humanity4 ,! prophecy involv$ 9 action is n insignificant1 b x is notori\sly fallible & dep5ds = its fulfilm5t on ext]nal conditions4 ,! "q accord+ly really is :e!r a man expect+ to live = ev] or "o expect+ to die 9 8 "t has ! m repres5tative & tru/wor?y notion ( ! future4 ,! "q1 s /at$1 _c be solv$ by an appeal to evid5ce1 :i* is necess>ily all on "o side1 b only by criticis+ ! value ( evid5ce z aga9/ in/9ct & hope1 & by asc]ta9+ ! relative /atus :i* assumption & obs]vation h 9 exp]i5ce4 ,! transc5d5tal compulsion "u :i* action lab\rs ( envisag+ a future1 & ! animal in/9ct t cl+s to life & flees f dea? z ! mo/ dreadful ( evils are ! real gr\nds :y immortality seems initially natural & good4 ,confid5ce 9 liv+ = ev] is ant]ior to ! discov]y t all m5 are mortal & to ! discov]y t ! ?9k] is himself a man4 ,^! discov]ies flatly contradict t confid5ce1 9 ! =m 9 :i* x orig9ally pres5ts itself1 & all doctr9es ( immortality :i* adult philosophy c ent]ta9 are m or less subt]fuges & aft]-?\ghts by :i* ! obs]v$ fact ( mortality & ! native inconceivability ( dea? are m or less clumsily reconcil$4 ,sid5ote3 ,a solipsi/ic argum5t4 ,! mo/ lordly & g5u9e fa%ion ( ass]t+ immortality w\ld be to proclaim "o's self an exception to ! animal race & to po9t out t ! analogy betwe5 "o's s+ul> self & o!rs is altoge!r lame & purely conv5tional4 ,any pr\d b>b>ian1 ) a t9cture ( transc5d5tal philosophy1 might adopt ?is tone4 8,creatures t p]i%10 he might say1 8are & c be no?+ b puppets & pa9t$ %ad[s 9 my m9d4 ,my consci\s w =bids its own ext9ction2 x scorns to level itself ) its own objects & in/rum5ts4 ,! _w1 :i* ,i h nev] kn[n to exi/ )\t me1 exi/s by my co-op]ation & cons5t2 x c nev] ext+ui% :at l5ds x be+4 ,! dea? prophetically accept$ by weakl+s1 ) su* small insight & c\rage1 ,i mock & altoge!r defy3 x c nev] t\* me40 ,su* solipsi/ic boa/s may n h be5 he>d 9 hi/oric times f ! lips ( m5 speak+ 9 _! own p]sons4 ,language has an irresi/ible t5d5cy to make ?\ght communi/ic & ideally transf]able to o!rs4 ,x =bids a man to say ( himself :at x w\ld be ridicul\s to he> f ano!r4 ,n[ solipsism 9 ano!r man is a comic ?+3 & a m9d1 prompt$ p]haps by hell & heav5 to speak solipsi/ically1 is /opp$ by ! laughable e*o ( its own words1 :5 x rememb]s its bold say+s4 ,language1 be+ social1 resi/s a virg9 egotism & =bids x to express itself publicly1 no matt] h[ well gr\nd$ x may be 9 transc5d5tal logic & 9 animal in/9ct4 ,social conv5tion is necess>ily mat]iali/ic1 s9ce ! beg9n+ ( all moral reasonabl5ess consi/s 9 tam+ ! transc5d5tal conceit native to a liv+ m9d1 9 atta*+ x to its body1 & br++ ! w t ?\ght itself absolute d[n to ! rank ( animals & m54 ,o!rwise no man w\ld ackn[l$ge ano!r's rights or ev5 conceive 8 exi/5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,absolut5ess & immortality transf]r$ to ! gods4 ,primeval solipsism--! philosophy ( untam$ animal w--has accord+ly tak5 to ! usual by-pa?s & express$ itself op5ly only 9 my? or by a speculative ab/raction 9 :i* ! transc5d5tal _s1 = :i* all ! solipsi/ic privileges 7 /ill claim$1 0 di/+ui%$ f ! human individual4 ,! gods1 x 0 said1 7 immortal2 & al?\gh on e>? _s mu/ submit to ! yoke & s]vice ( matt]1 on ^: occasions x mu/ wait1 yet !re exi/$ 9 ! e!r o!r creatures m normally & glori\sly comp\nd$1 s9ce _! =ms s]v$ & express$ _! m9ds1 :i* rul$ also ov] ! elem5ts & fe>$ no assault f "t4 ,) ! adv5t ( ?is my?ology exp]i5ce & presumption divid$ _! realms2 exp]i5ce 0 all[$ to %ape m5's notions ( vulg> reality1 b presumption1 :i* c\ld n be sil5c$1 0 all[$ to sugge/ a second sph]e1 ?9ly & mom5t>ily veil$ to mortal s5se1 9 :i* ! premonitions ( w 7 abundantly realis$4 ,?is exp$i5t _h ! advantage ( end[+ ! _w ) creatures t really satisfi$ human aspirations1 su* z at any mom5t !y might be4 ,! gods possess$ longevity1 beauty1 magic cel]ity ( movem5t1 leisure1 spl5d\r ( life1 indef9ite /r5g?1 & practical omnisci5ce4 ,:5 ! gods 7 also expressions = natural =ces1 ?is function some:at prejudic$ _! ideality1 & !y fail$ to correspond p]fectly to :at _! wor%ipp]s w\ld h mo/ e/eem$2 b religi\s re=m]s t5d$ to expunge naturalism f !ology & to repres5t ! gods z entirely admirable4 ,! ,greek gods1 to be sure1 always cont9u$ to h g5ealogies1 & ! fact ( hav+ be5 born is a bad augury = immortality2 b o!r religions1 & f9ally ! ,greek philosoph]s !mselves1 conceiv$ unbegott5 gods1 9 :om ! human rebellion aga9/ mutability 0 express$ absolutely4 ,?us a place 0 f\nd 9 nature = ! con/ant & p]petual elem5t :i* crude exp]i5ce seems to conta9 or at lea/ to sugge/4 ,un=tunately ! immortal & ! human 7 9 ?is my?ology :olly divorc$1 s t :ile immortality 0 v9dicat$ = some?+ 9 ! univ]se x 0 emphatically d5i$ to man & to 8 works4 ,contemplation1 to be satisfi$ ) ?is situation1 _h to be h]oically unselfi% & resign$2 ! gods' greatness & glory _h to furni% suffici5t solace = all mortal defeats4 ,at ! same "t all criticism _h to be deprecat$1 = reflection w\ld at once h po9t$ out t ! div9e life 9 "q 0 ei!r a p]sonification ( natural processes & ?us really 9 flux & full ( oblivion & imp]fection1 or else a hypo/asis ( c]ta9 m5tal functions & ideals1 :i* c\ld n really be conceiv$ ap>t f ! natural human life :i* !y in=m$ & f :i* !y _h be5 viol5tly ab/ract$4 ,sid5ote3 ,or to a div9e pr9ciple 9 all be+s4 ,ano!r exp$i5t 0 accord+ly f\nd1 especially by my/ics & critical philosoph]s1 = unit+ ! mortal & immortal 9 exi/5ce :ile /ill di/+ui%+ !m 9 ess5ce4 ,cur ,deus ,homo might be said to be ! !me ( all su* speculations4 ,plato _h already f\nd ! et]nal 9 ! =m :i* ! temporal puts on1 or1 if ! phrase be pref]r$1 _h se5 9 ! temporal & exi/5tial no?+ b an individuat$ case ( ! ideal4 ,! s\l 0 immortal1 unbegott51 impassible2 ! bodies x successively inhabit$ & ! exp]i5ce x ga!r$ s]v$ m]ely to br+ out its nature ) great] or less complet5ess4 ,to some:at ! same effect ! ,g]man transc5d5tali/s id5tifi$ & di/+ui%$ ! private & ! univ]sal _s4 ,:at liv$ 9 ea* man & 9 ea* mom5t 0 ! ,absolute--= no?+ else c\ld really exi/--& ! expression :i* ! ,absolute !re took on 0 b a transitional phase ( its total self-expression1 :i*1 c\ld x be grasp$ 9 its totality1 w\ld no long] seem subject to contradiction & flux4 ,an immortal ag5t !re=e w5t ?r\gh an inf9ite s]ies ( acts1 ea* transitory & relative to ! o!rs1 b all possess$ ( inali5able reality & et]nal significance4 ,9 su* =mulations ! divorce 0 avoid$ betwe5 ! intellectual & ! s5su\s factor 9 exp]i5ce--a divorce :i* ! my? ab\t immortal gods & mortal m5 _h introduc$4 ,on ! o!r h& exi/5tial immortality 0 ab&on$2 only an ideal p]man5ce1 only significance1 0 all[$ to any f9ite be+1 & ! bett] or future _w ( :i* anci5t poets _h dreamt1 ,olympus1 & e o!r heav51 0 altoge!r aboli%$4 ,!re 0 an et]nal univ]se :]e ev]y?+ 0 transitory & a s+le immortal _s at no two mom5ts ! same4 ,! _w ( idealism realis$ no p>ticul> ideal1 & lea/ ( all ! ideal ( a natural & p]sonal immunity f dea?4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 nei!r case is ! individual immortal4 ,fir/1 !n1 a man may refuse to admit t he mu/ die at all2 !n1 aba%$ at ! arrogance ( t ass]tion1 he may consid] ! immortal life ( o!r creatures1 l ! e>? & />s1 :i* seem subject to no ext9ction1 & he may ascribe to ^! a p]petual consci\sness & p]sonality4 ,f9ally1 confess+ ! fabul\s "* ( ^? deities1 he may di/+ui% an immortal ag5t or pr9ciple )9 himself1 id5tify x ) ! inn] pr9ciple ( all o!r be+s1 & contra/ x ) its v>y+ & condition$ expressions4 ,b sc>cely is ?is ab/raction atta9$ :5 he mu/ p]ceive its wor?lessness1 s9ce ! natural life1 ! concrete aims1 & ! p]sonal c>e] :i* immortality 0 int5d$ to save f dissolution are :olly ali5 to a nom9al entity :i* endures ?r\gh all *ange1 h[ev] fundam5tal1 & cohabits ) e nature1 h[ev] ho/ile & odi\s to humanity4 ,if immortality is to be g5u9e1 :at is immortal mu/ be some?+ def9ite1 & if ?is immortality is to conc]n life & n m]e significance or ideal def9ition1 t :i* endures mu/ be an individual creature ) a fix$ nucleus ( habits & dem&s1 s t its p]si/5ce may conta9 progress & a*ievem5t4 ,h]e) we may dismiss ! m direct attempts to conceive & ass]t a future life4 ,_! failure drives u to a consid]ation ( indirect attempts to e/abli% an unobs]vable b real immortality ?r\gh revelation & dogma4 ,su* an immortality w\ld foll[ on transmigration or resurrection1 & w\ld be assign$ to a sup]natural sph]e1 a second empirical _w pres5t to ! s\l aft] dea?1 :]e h] =tunes w\ld n be really conceivable )\t a recon/itut$ body & a new mat]ial environm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,possible =ms ( survival4 ,_m a man dies too soon & "s are born 9 ! wrong age or /ation4 ,c\ld ^! p]sons dr9k at ! f\nta9 ( y\? at lea/ once m !y might d !mselves full] ju/ice & cut a bett] figure at la/ 9 ! univ]se4 ,mo/ p ?9k !y h /uff 9 !m = great] ?+s ?an "t suff]s !m to p]=m4 ,to imag9e a second c>e] is a pleas+ antidote = ill-=tune2 ! poor s\l wants ano!r *ance4 ,b h[ %\ld a future life be con/itut$ if x is to satisfy ?is dem&1 & h[ long ne$ x la/8 ,x w\ld evid5tly h to g on 9 an environm5t closely analog\s to e>?2 ,i c\ld n1 = in/ance1 write 9 ano!r _w ! epics :i* ! necessity ( e>n+ my liv+ may h /ifl$ "h1 did t o!r _w conta9 no "t1 no h]oic /ruggles1 or no metrical language4 ,nor is x cle> t my epics1 to be p]fect1 w\ld ne$ to be q endless4 ,if :at is foil$ 9 me is really poetic g5ius & n simply a t5d5cy t[>d p]petual motion1 x w\ld n help me if 9 heav51 9 lieu ( my dreamt-( epics1 ,i 7 all[$ to beget sev]al robu/ *ildr54 ,9 a ^w1 if h]eaft] ,i am to be ! same man improv$ ,i mu/ f9d myself 9 ! same _w correct$4 ,7 ,i trans=m$ into a *]ub or transport$ into a timeless ec/asy1 x is h>d to see 9 :at s5se ,i %\ld cont9ue to exi/4 ,^? results might be int]e/+ 9 !mselves & might enri* ! univ]se2 !y w\ld n prolong my life nor retrieve my disa/]s4 ,= ?is reason a future life is aft] all be/ repres5t$ by ^? frankly mat]ial ideals :i* mo/ ,*ri/ians--be+ ,platoni/s--are wont to despise4 ,x w\ld be g5u9e happ9ess = a ,jew to rise aga9 9 ! fle% & live = ev] 9 ,ezekiel's ,new ,j]usalem1 ) its c]emonial glories & civic ord]4 ,x w\ld be truly agreeable = any man to sit 9 well-wat]$ g>d5s ) ,mohamm$1 clad 9 gre5 silks1 dr9k+ delici\s %]bets1 & transfix$ by ! gazelle-l glance ( "s "y girl1 all innoc5ce & fire4 ,amid su* sc5es a man might rema9 himself & might fulfil hopes t he _h actually *]i%$ on e>?4 ,he might also f9d 8 fri5ds aga91 :i* 9 some:at g5]\s m9ds is p]haps ! ?\ght t *iefly su/a9s int]e/ 9 a po/hum\s exi/5ce4 ,b to recognise 8 fri5ds a man mu/ f9d !m 9 _! bodies1 ) _! famili> habits1 voices1 & int]e/s2 = x is surely an insult to affection to say t he c\ld f9d !m 9 an et]nal =mula express+ _! idiosyncrasy4 ,:51 h[ev]1 x is cle>ly se5 t ano!r life1 to supplem5t ?is "o1 mu/ closely resemble x1 does n ! magic ( immortality altoge!r vani%8 ,is su* a r$uplication ( e>?ly society at all cr$ible8 ,& ! prospect ( awak5+ aga9 among h\ses & trees1 among *ildr5 & dot>ds1 among w>s & rum\rs ( w>s1 /ill fett]$ to "o p]sonality & "o accid5tal pa/1 /ill unc]ta9 ( ! future1 is n ?is prospect we>isome & deeply repulsive8 ,hav+ pass$ ?r\gh ^! ?+s once & bequea!d !m to po/]ity1 is x n "t = ea* s\l to re/8 ,! univ]se d\btless conta9s all sorts ( exp]i5ces1 bett] & worse ?an ! human2 b x is idle to attribute to a p>ticul> man a life divorc$ f 8 circum/ances & f 8 body4 ,sid5ote3 ,argum5ts f retribution & ne$ ( opportunity4 ,dogmas ab\t su* a po/hum\s exp]i5ce f9d "s %ad[y support 9 v>i\s illusions & sup]/itions t surr\nd dea?1 b !y are develop$ into articulate prophecies *iefly by c]ta9 moral dem&s4 ,"o ( ^! requires rew>ds & puni%m5ts m emphatic & sure ?an ^? :i* conduct meets ) 9 ?is _w4 ,ano!r requires m]ely a m fav\rable & complete opportunity = ! s\l's developm5t4 ,consid]ations l ^! are p]t95t to moral philosophy4 ,x t\*es ! notion ( duty :e!r an exact h$oni/ic retribution is to be dem&$ = :at is t]m$ m]it & guilt3 s t )\t su* sup]natural remun]ation virtue1 p]haps1 w\ld be discr$it$ & depriv$ ( a motive4 ,x likewise t\*es ! ideality & nobl5ess ( life :e!r human aims c be realis$ satisfactorily only 9 ! ag5t's s+ul> p]son1 s t ! fruits ( ef=t w\ld be =?-) miss$ if ! lab\r] himself %\ld disappe>4 ,sid5ote3 ,ignoble temp] ( bo?4 ,to e/abli% ju/ice 9 ! _w & furni% an adequate inc5tive to virtue 0 once ?\ght ! *ief bus9ess ( a future life4 ,! ,hebraic religions some:at ov]rea*$ !mselves on ^! po9ts3 = ! grotesque alt]native betwe5 hell & heav5 9 ! end only aggravat$ ! inju/ice x 0 meant to rem$y4 ,life is unju/ 9 t x subord9ates individuals to a g5]al me*anical law1 & ! deep] & long] hold fate has on ! s\l1 ! great] t inju/ice4 ,a p]petual life w\ld be a p]petual subjection to arbitr>y p[]1 :ile a la/ judgm5t w\ld be b a la/ fatality4 ,t hell may h fright5$ a few villa9s into omitt+ a crime is p]haps cr$ible2 b ! emb>rass$ sil5ce :i* ! *ur*es1 9 a m s5sitive age1 pref] to ma9ta9 on t :olesome doctr9e--once1 z !y taught1 ! only rational basis = virtue--%[s h[ _! tea*+ has to foll[ ! indep5d5t progress ( morals4 ,nev]!less1 p]sons are n want+1 app>5tly free f ecclesia/ical con/ra9t1 :o /ill ma9ta9 t ! value ( life dep5ds on its indef9ite prolongation4 ,by an artifice ( reflection !y sub/itute vanity = reason1 & selfi% = +5u\s in/9cts 9 man4 ,be+ app>5tly int]e/$ 9 no?+ b _! own c>e]s1 !y =get t a man may rememb] h[ little he c\nts 9 ! _w & suff] t rational k to inspire 8 purposes4 ,int5se morality has always envisag$ e>?ly goods & evils1 & ev5 :5 a future life has be5 accept$ vaguely1 x has nev] giv5 direction to human w or aims1 :i* at be/ x c\ld only proclaim m emphatically4 ,x may inde$ be said t no man ( any dep? ( s\l has made 8 prolong$ exi/5ce ! t\*/one ( 8 en?usiasms4 ,su* an in/9ct is c>nal1 & if immortality is to add a high] inspiration to life x mu/ n be an immortality ( selfi%ness4 ,:at a despicable creature mu/ a man be1 & h[ sunk bel[ ! level ( ! mo/ b>b>ic virtue1 if he _c be> to live = 8 *ildr51 = 8 art1 or = c\ntry6 ,sid5ote3 ,false optimi/ic po/ulate involv$4 ,to turn ^! moral que/ions1 h[ev]1 into argum5ts = a physical speculation1 l t ab\t human longevity1 resurrection1 or metempsy*osis1 a hybrid pr9ciple is requir$3 ?us1 ev5 if we h answ]$ ^? moral que/ions 9 ! conv5tional way & satisfi$ ourselves t p]sonal immortality is a po/ulate ( e?ics1 we _c inf] t immortality !re=e exi/s unless we import into ! argum5t a trem5d\s optimi/ic po/ulate1 to ! effect t :at is requisite = moral rationality mu/ 9 e in/ance be realis$ 9 exp]i5ce4 ,su* an optimi/ic po/ulate1 h[ev]1 z ! read] mu/ h repeat$ly obs]v$1 is made n only despite all exp]i5ce b 9 ignorance ( ! conditions "u :i* alone ideals are fram$ & reta9 _! significance4 ,e ideal expresses individual & specific t5d5cies1 prop] at "s mom5t to "s natural creature2 e ideal !re=e has = its basis a "p only ( ! dynamic _w1 s t its fulfilm5t is problematical & altoge!r adv5titi\s to its exi/5ce & au?ority4 ,to decide :e!r an ideal c be or w be fulfill$ we mu/ exam9e ! physical relation betwe5 su* organic =ces z t ideal expresses & ! environm5t 9 :i* ^? =ces op]ate2 we may !n p]ceive h[ f> a realisation ( ! giv5 aims is possible1 h[ f> x mu/ fail1 & h[ f> ! aims 9 "q1 by a %ift 9 _! natural basis1 w lapse & yield to o!rs1 possibly m capable ( execution & m /able 9 ! _w4 ,! "q ( success is a "q ( physics4 ,to say t an ideal w be inevitably fulfill$ simply because x is an ideal is to say some?+ gratuit\s & fooli%4 ,pret5ce _c 9 ! end avail aga9/ exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,transition to ideality4 ,nev]!less1 x is important to def9e ideals ev5 be=e _! realisation is kn[n to be possible1 because !y con/itute "o ( ! two factors ^: int]action & adju/m5t is moral life1 factors :i* are complem5t>y & div]se 9 function & may be indep5d5tly asc]ta9$4 ,! value ( exi/5ces is :olly borr[$ f _! ideality1 )\t direct consid]ation ( _! fate1 :ile ! exi/5ce ( ideals is :olly det]m9$ by natural =ces1 )\t direct relation to _! fulfilm5t4 ,exi/5ce & ideal value c !re=e be initially felt & obs]v$ ap>t1 al?\gh ( c\rse a complete description w\ld lay b>e physical necessity 9 ! ideals ent]ta9$ & inevitable ideal h>monies among ! facts discov]$4 ,human life1 ly+ z x does 9 ! mid/ ( a l>g] process1 w surely n be )\t "s congruity ) ! univ]se4 ,e creature l5ds pot5tial values to a _w 9 :i* x c satisfy "s at lea/ ( its dem&s & le>n1 p]haps1 to modify ! o!rs4 ,happ9ess is always a natural & an ess5tially possible ?+1 & a total despair1 s9ce x ignores ^? goods :i* are atta9able1 c express only a p>tial exp]i5ce4 ,b be=e consid]+ 9 :at ways a discipl9$ s\l might make its peace ) reality1 we may consid] :at an undiscipl9$ s\l 9 ! fir/ in/ance desires2 & f ?is />t+-po9t we may trace h] *a/5+ & education1 obs]v+ ! ideal comp5sations :i* may console h] = lo/ illusions4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,ideal ,,immortality ,sid5ote3 ,olympian immortality ! fir/ ideal4 ,9 ord] to give ! w to live frank & direct satisfaction1 x w\ld h be5 necess>y to solve ! problem ( p]petual motion 9 ! animal body1 z nature has approximately solv$ x 9 ! sol> sy/em4 ,nutrition %\ld h cont9ually repair$ all wa/e1 s t ! cycle ( y\? & age might h repeat$ itself ye>ly 9 e individual1 l summ] & w9t] on ! e>?4 ,nor are "s h9ts ( su* an equilibrium altoge!r want+4 ,convalesc5ce1 sudd5 good =tune1 a belat$ love1 & ev5 ! ,april sun%9e or morn+ air1 br+ ab\t a c]ta9 rejuv5esc5ce 9 man prophetic ( :at is n ideally impossible--p]petuity & con/ant re9=cem5t 9 8 vital p[]s4 ,_h nature furni%$ ! elixir ( life1 or c\ld art h discov]$ x1 ! :ole face ( human society w\ld h be5 *ang$4 ,! e>? once full1 no m *ildr5 w\ld h be5 begott5 & p>5tal in/9cts w\ld h be5 atrophi$ = want ( function4 ,all m5 w\ld h be5 contempor>ies &1 hav+ all "t be=e !m = travel & exp]im5t1 w\ld h alli$ !mselves ev5tually ) :at 0 mo/ cong5ial to !m & w\ld h come to be b\nd only by free & fri5dly ties4 ,!y w\ld all h be5 well kn[n & w\ld h act$ p]petually 9 _! ultimate & true "*1 l ! immortal gods4 ,"o might h lov$ fixity1 l ,he/ia1 & ano!r motion1 l ,h]mes2 a ?ird might h be5 untir+ 9 ! pla/ic arts1 l ,heph/us1 or1 l ,apollo1 9 music2 :ile ! inf9ite realms ( ma!matics & philosophy w\ld h la9 op5 to spirits ( a quality n repres5t$ 9 ,hom]'s pan!on4 ,t man's prim>y & mo/ satisfy+ ideal is some?+ ( ?is sort is cle> 9 itself1 & atte/$ by my?ology2 = ! great use ( ! gods is t !y int]pret ! human he>t to u1 & help u1 :ile we conceive !m1 to discov] our inmo/ ambition &1 :ile we emulate !m1 to pursue x4 ,*ri/ian fancy1 because ( its ascetic meagr5ess & fe> ( life1 has n kn[n h[ to fill out ! picture ( heav5 & has left x my/ical & vague2 b :atev] p>adise x has v5tur$ to imag9e has be5 modell$ on ! same prim>y ideal4 ,x has repres5t$ a society ( et]nal be+s among :i* !re 0 no m>riage nor giv+ 9 m>riage & :]e ea* f\nd 8 cong5ial mansion & t p]fect$ activity :i* br+s inw>d peace4 ,aft] ?is easy fa%ion 7 dea? & bir? conqu]$ 9 ! my?s1 :i* truly int]pret$ ! w to live accord+ to its prim>y int5tion1 b 9 reality su* direct satisfaction 0 impossible4 ,a total defeat1 on ! o!r h&1 w\ld h ext+ui%$ ! w itself & oblit]at$ e human impulse seek+ expression4 ,man's exi/5ce is pro( en\gh t nature 0 n altoge!r unpropiti\s1 b (f]$1 9 an unlook$-= direction1 "s ?or\ghf>e to ! s\l4 ,r\ndab\t imp]fect me?ods 7 discov]$ by :i* some?+ at lea/ ( :at 0 crav$ might be secur$4 ,! individual p]i%$1 yet n )\t hav+ segregat$ & deta*$ a c]ta9 portion ( himself capable ( develop+ a second body & m9d4 ,! pot5tialities ( ?is sem9al portion1 hav+ be5 lib]at$ long aft] ! p>5t body _h begun to feel ! %ock ( ! _w1 c\ld rea* full expression aft] ! p>5t body _h begun to decay2 & ! (fspr+ ne$$ n itself to succumb be=e x _h laun*$ a ?ird g5]ation4 ,a cyclical life or arre/$ dea?1 a cont9ual motion by little successive explosions1 c\ld ?us e/abli% itself & c\ld repeat f g5]ation to g5]ation a process n unlike nutrition2 only t1 :ile 9 nutrition ! individual =m rema9s & ! inn] sub/ance is r5ew$ ins5sibly1 9 reproduction ! =m is r5ew$ op5ly & ! inn] sub/ance is ins5sibly cont9u\s4 ,sid5ote3 ,its indirect atta9m5t by reproduction4 ,reproduction seems1 f ! w's po9t ( view1 a m>vell\s exp$i5t involv+ a curi\s mixture ( failure & success4 ,! individual1 :o alone is ! seat & pr9ciple ( w1 is !reby sacrific$1 s t reproduction is no response to 8 orig9al hopes & aspirations2 yet 9 a d\ble way he is entic$ & p]suad$ to be almo/ satisfi$3 fir/1 9 t s l a c\nt]feit ( himself actually survives1 a creature to :i* all 8 ideal int]e/s may be transmitt$2 & secondly1 because a new & z x 7 a rival aim is n[ ins9uat$ into 8 _s4 ,= ! impulse t[>d reproduction has n[ become no less p[]ful1 ev5 if less con/ant1 ?an ! impulse t[>d nutrition2 9 o!r words1 ! w to live f9ds itself 9 ! uncong5ial yet inevitable company ( ! w to h an heir4 ,reproduction ?us p>tly ent]ta9s ! desire to be immortal by giv+ x a vic>i\s fulfilm5t1 & p>tly cancels x by add+ an impulse & joy :i*1 :5 y ?9k ( x1 accepts mortality4 ,= love1 :e!r sexual1 p>5tal1 or frat]nal1 is ess5tially sacrificial1 & prompts a man to give 8 life = 8 fri5ds4 ,9 ?us los+ 8 life gladly he 9 a s5se f9ds x anew1 s9ce x has n[ become a "p ( 8 function & ideal to yield 8 place to o!rs & to live aft]w>ds only 9 !m4 ,:ile ! primitive & animal side ( him may cont9ue to cl+ to exi/5ce at all haz>ds & to f9d ! ?\ght ( ext9ction intol]able1 8 reason & f9] imag9ation w build a new ideal on reality bett] und]/ood1 & be cont5t t ! future he looks to %\ld be enjoy$ by o!rs4 ,:5 we consid] su* a natural trans=mation & discipl9e ( ! w1 :5 we cat* ev5 a slight glimpse ( nature's res\rces & my/]ies1 h[ ?9 & v]bal ^? belat$ hopes mu/ seem :i* w\ld elude dea? & aboli% sacrifice6 ,su* pu]ile dreams n only miss ! :ole pa?os ( human life1 b ignore ^? specifically mortal virtues :i* might console u = n be+ s radiantly div9e z we may at fir/ h ?\ght ourselves4 ,nature1 9 d5y+ u p]5nial y\?1 has at lea/ invit$ u to become unselfi% & noble4 ,a fir/ %ift 9 aspiration1 a capacity = radical altruism1 ?us sup]v5es ^u ! lu/ to live & accompanies p>5tal & social int]e/s4 ,! new ideal1 h[ev]1 c nev] entirely oblit]ate ! old & prim>y "o1 because ! initial functions :i* ! old ,adam exclusively repres5t$ rema9 imb$d$ 9 ! new life1 & are its physical basis4 ,if ! nutritive s\l ceas$ to op]ate1 ! reproductive s\l c\ld nev] arise2 to be altrui/ic we mu/ fir/ be1 & spiritual int]e/s c nev] aboli% or cancel ! mat]ial exi/5ce on :i* !y are graft$4 ,! consequ5ce is t dea?1 ev5 :5 circumv5t$ by reproduction & reliev$ by surviv+ imp]sonal int]e/s1 rema9s an ess5tial evil4 ,x may be accept$ z inevitable1 & ! goods its intrusion leaves /&+ may be he>tily appreciat$ & pursu$2 b some?+ pa!tic & incomplete w always atta* to a life t looks to its own t]m9ation4 ,! ef=t ( physical exi/5ce is n to accompli% any?+ def9ite b m]ely to p]si/ = ev]4 ,! w has its fir/ law ( motion1 correspond+ to t ( matt]2 its initial t5d5cy is to cont9ue to op]ate 9 ! giv5 direction & 9 ! giv5 mann]4 ,in]tia is1 9 ?is s5se1 ! ess5ce ( vitality4 ,to be driv5 f t p]petual c\rse is someh[ to be *eck$1 & an ext]nal & ho/ile =ce is requir$ to *ange a habit or an in/9ct z mu* z to deflect a />4 ,inde$1 nutrition itself1 hunt+1 fe$+1 & dige/ion1 are =c$ activities1 & ! basis ( passions n altoge!r cong5ial nor ideal4 ,hung] is an incipi5t fa9tness & agony1 & an animal t ne$s to hunt1 gnaw1 & dige/ is no immortal1 free1 or ess5tially victori\s creature4 ,8 w is already driv5 into by-pa?s & exp$i5ts2 8 primitive beatific vision has to be int]rupt$ by rem$ial action to re/ore x = a :ile1 s9ce o!rwise x w\ld obvi\sly deg5]ate rapidly ?r\gh all /ages ( di/ress until its total ext9ction4 ,sid5ote3 ,moral acceptance ( ?is compromise4 ,! tasks ?us impos$ ^u ! protoplasmic w raise x1 we may say1 to a high] level2 to hunt is bett] sport1 & m enlight5+1 ?an to lie imbib+ sun%9e & air2 & to eat is1 we may well ?9k1 a m positive & specific pleasure ?an m]ely to be4 ,su* judgm5ts1 h[ev]1 %[ a human bias4 ,!y arise f incapacity to ?r[ (f acquir$ organs4 ,^? necessities :i* h l$ to ! =ms ( life :i* we happ5 to exemplify1 & 9 t]ms ( :i* our virtues are necess>ily express$1 seem to u1 9 retrospect1 happy necessities1 s9ce )\t !m our conv5tional goods w\ld n h come to appeal to u4 ,^! conv5tional goods1 h[ev]1 are only compromises ) evil1 & ! w w\ld nev] h tak5 to pursu+ !m if x _h n be5 dislodg$ & beat5 back f its prim>y aims4 ,ev5 food is1 = ?is reason1 no absolute bless+2 x is only ! fir/ & mo/ necess>y ( com=ts1 ( re/orations1 ( truces & reprieves 9 t battle ) dea? 9 :i* an ultimate defeat is too pla9ly inevitable2 = ! pit*] t goes (t5 to ! well is at la/ brok51 & a creature t is =c$ to resi/ 8 inw>d collapse by adv5titi\s aids w "s day f9d t ^! aids h fail$ him1 & t inw>d dissolution has become1 = "s me*anical reason1 q irresi/ible4 ,x is !re=e n only ! lazy or my/ical w t *afes at ! ne$ ( mat]ial supports & deprecates anxieties ab\t ! morr[2 ! mo/ conv5tional & passionate m9d1 :5 x atta9s any ref9em5t1 confesses ! ess5tial s]vitude involv$ 9 su* preoccupations by conceal+ or ignor+ !m z mu* z may be4 ,we /udy to eat z if we 7 n rav5\s1 to w9 z if we 7 will+ to lose1 & to treat p]sonal wants 9 g5]al z m]ely compulsory & un9t]e/+ matt]s4 ,:y dwell1 we say to ourselves1 on our /amm]+s & failures8 ,! int5t is all1 & ! bungl+ circumlocutions we may be driv5 to %\ld be c\rte\sly ignor$1 l a /amm]]'s tr\bles1 :5 once our mean+ has be5 convey$4 ,ev5 animal passions are1 9 ?is way1 aft]-?\ghts & exp$i5ts1 & al?\gh 9 a brutal age !y seem to make up ! :ole ( life1 lat] x appe>s t !y w\ld be gladly en\gh outgr[n1 did ! mat]ial situation p]mit x4 ,intellectual life returns1 9 its fre$om1 to ! attitude prop] to primitive w1 except t ?r\gh ! new ma*9]y und]ly+ reason a m /able equilibrium has be5 e/abli%$ ) ext]nal =ces1 & ! fre$om orig9ally absolute has become relative to c]ta9 und]ly+ adju/m5ts1 adju/m5ts :i* may be ignor$ b _c be ab&on$ ) impunity4 ,orig9al action1 z se5 9 ! vegetable1 is purely spontane\s4 ,on ! animal level in/rum5tal action is add$ & *iefly att5d$ to1 s t ! creature1 )\t kn[+ :at x lives =1 f9ds attractive tasks & a sort ( glory 9 ! *ase1 9 love1 & 9 lab\r4 ,9 ! ,life ( ,reason ?is in/rum5tal activity is reta9$1 = x is a necess>y basis = human prosp]ity & p[]1 b ! value ( life is aga9 s\ght 9 ! sup]v5+ free activity :i* t adju/m5t to physical =ces1 or dom9ion ov] !m1 has made possible on a l>g] scale4 ,e free activity w\ld gladly p]si/ = ev]2 & if any be f\nd t involves & aims at its own arre/ or trans=mation1 t activity is !reby prov$ to be in/rum5tal & s]vile1 impos$ f )\t & n ideal4 ,sid5ote3 ,ev5 vic>i\s immortality intr9sically impossible4 ,n only is man's orig9al ef=t aim$ at liv+ = ev] 9 8 own p]son1 b1 ev5 if he c\ld r5\nce t desire1 ! dream ( be+ repres5t$ p]petually by po/]ity is no less doom$4 ,reproduction1 l nutrition1 is a device n ultimately successful4 ,if ext9ction does n defeat x1 evolution w4 ,d\btless ! f]tility ( :atev] sub/ance may h produc$ u w n be exhau/$ 9 ?is s+le ef=t2 a pot5tiality t has once prov$ efficaci\s & be5 actualis$ 9 life1 ?\gh x %\ld sleep1 w 9 "t revive aga94 ,9 "s =m & aft] no matt] :at int]vals1 nature may be expect$ always to possess consci\sness4 ,b beyond ?is planet & ap>t f ! human race1 exp]i5ce is too little imag9able to be int]e/+4 ,no def9ite plan or ideal ( ours c f9d its realisation except 9 ourselves4 ,accord+ly1 a vic>i\s physical immortality always rema9s an unsatisfactory issue2 :at is ?us to be pres]v$ is b a c\nt]feit ( our be+1 & ev5 t c\nt]feit is confront$ by om5s ( a total ext9ction m or less remote4 ,a note ( failure & melan*oly mu/ always dom9ate 9 ! /ruggle aga9/ natural dea?4 ,sid5ote3 ,intellectual victory ov] *ange4 ,?is defeat is n really problematical1 or to be elud$ by reviv+ ill-dige/$ hopes re/+ entirely on ignorance1 an ignorance :i* ^! hopes w wi% to make et]nal4 ,we ne$ n wait = our total dea? to exp]i5ce dy+2 we ne$ n borr[ f obs]vation ( o!rs' demise a prophecy ( our own ext9ction4 ,e mom5t celebrates obsequies ov] ! virtues ( its pr$ecessor2 & ! possession ( memory1 by :i* we someh[ survive 9 repres5tation1 is ! mo/ unmi/akable pro( t we are p]i%+ 9 reality4 ,9 end[+ u ) memory1 nature has reveal$ to u a tru? utt]ly unimag9able to ! unflective creation1 ! tru? ( mortality4 ,ev]y?+ moves 9 ! mid/ ( dea?1 because x inde$ moves2 b x falls into ! pit unaw>es & by its own action unmakes & dise/abli%es itself1 until a wond]ful vision>y faculty is add$1 s t a gho/ rema9s ( :at has p]i%$ to reveal t lapse & at ! same "t 9 a c]ta9 s5se to neutralise x4 ,! m we reflect1 ! m we live 9 memory & idea1 ! m conv9c$ & p5etrat$ we %all be by ! exp]i5ce ( dea?2 yet1 )\t our kn[+ x1 p]haps1 ?is v conviction & exp]i5ce w h rais$ u1 9 a way1 above mortality4 ,t 0 a h]oic & div9e oracle :i*1 9 in=m+ u ( our decay1 made u p>tn]s ( ! gods' et]nity1 & by giv+ u k p\r$ into u1 to t ext5t1 ! s]5ity & balm ( tru?4 ,z x is memory t enables u to feel t we are dy+ & to "k t ev]y?+ actual is 9 flux1 s x is memory t op5s to u an ideal immortality1 unacceptable & mean+less to ! old ,adam1 b g5u9e 9 its own way & und5iably true4 ,x is an immortality 9 repres5tation--a repres5tation :i* envisages ?+s 9 _! tru? z !y h 9 _! own day possess$ !mselves 9 reality4 ,x is no subt]fuge or sup]/iti\s effront]y1 call$ to disguise or ?r[ (f ! lessons ( exp]i5ce2 on ! contr>y1 x is exp]i5ce itself1 reflection itself1 & k ( mortality4 ,memory does n reprieve or po/pone ! *anges :i* x regi/]s1 nor does x itself possess a p]man5t duration2 x is1 if possible1 less /able & m mobile ?an prim>y s5sation4 ,x is1 9 po9t ( exi/5ce1 only an int]nal & complex k9d ( s5sibility4 ,b 9 int5t & by its significance x plunges to ! dep?s ( "t2 x looks /ill on ! dep>t$ & be>s witness to ! tru? t1 ?\gh abs5t f ?is "p ( exp]i5ce1 & incapable ( return+ to life1 !y nev]!less exi/$ once 9 _! own "r1 7 z liv+ & actual z exp]i5ce is to-day1 & /ill help to make up1 9 company ) all pa/1 pres5t1 & future mortals1 ! fill+ & value ( ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,! glory ( x4 ,z ! pa?os & h]oism ( life consi/s 9 accept+ z an opportunity ! fate t makes our own dea?1 p>tial or total1 s]viceable to o!rs1 s ! glory ( life consi/s 9 accept+ ! k ( natural dea? z an opportunity to live 9 ! _s4 ,! sacrifice1 ! self-surr5d]1 rema9s real2 =1 ?\gh ! comp5sation is real1 too1 & at mom5ts1 p]haps1 app>5tly ov]:elm+1 x is always incomplete & leaves b5ea? an incurable sorr[4 ,yet life c nev] contradict its basis or rea* satisfactions ess5tially exclud$ by its own conditions4 ,progress lies 9 mov+ =w>d f ! giv5 situation1 & satisfy+ z well z may be ! int]e/s t exi/4 ,& if "s initial dem& has prov$ hopeless1 !re is ! great] reason = cultivat+ o!r s\rces ( satisfaction1 possibly m abundant & la/+4 ,n[1 reflection is a vital function2 memory & imag9ation h to ! full ! rhy?m & =ce ( life4 ,b ^! faculties1 9 envisag+ ! pa/ or ! ideal1 envisage ! et]nal1 & ! man 9 ^: m9d !y pr$om9ate is to t ext5t deta*$ 9 8 affections f ! _w ( flux1 f himself1 & f 8 p]sonal de/9y4 ,?is deta*m5t w n make him inf9itely long-liv$1 nor absolutely happy1 b x may r5d] him intellig5t & j1 & may op5 to him all intellectual pleasures & all human sympa?ies4 ,!re is accord+ly an escape f dea? op5 to man2 "o n f\nd by circumv5t+ nature1 b by mak+ use ( h] own exp$i5ts 9 circumv5t+ h] imp]fections4 ,memory1 nay1 p]ception itself1 is a fir/ /age 9 ?is escape1 :i* co9cides ) ! acquisition & possession ( reason4 ,:5 ! mean+ ( successive p]ceptions is recov]$ ) ! la/ ( !m1 :5 a survey is made ( objects ^: con/itutive s5sations fir/ arose indep5d5tly1 ?is syn!tic mom5t conta9s an object rais$ above "t on a p$e/al ( reflection1 a ?\ght indefeasibly true 9 its ideal deliv]ance1 ?\gh ( c\rse fleet+ 9 its psy*ic exi/5ce4 ,exi/5ce is ess5tially temporal & life =$oom$ to be mortal1 s9ce its basis is a process & an opposition2 x floats 9 ! /ream ( "t1 nev] to return1 nev] to be recov]$ or repossess$4 ,b ev] s9ce sub/ance became at "s s5sitive po9t intellig5t & reflective1 ev] s9ce "t made room & pause = memory1 = hi/ory1 = ! consci\sness ( "t1 a god1 z x 71 became inc>nate 9 mortality & "s vision ( tru?1 "s self-=getful satisfaction1 became a h]itage t mom5t c\ld transmit to mom5t & man to man4 ,?is h]itage is humanity itself1 ! pres5ce ( immortal reason 9 creatures t p]i%4 ,appreh5sion1 :i* makes man s l a god1 makes him 9 "o respect immortal2 x quick5s 8 numb]$ mom5ts ) a vision ( :at nev] dies1 ! tru? ( ^? mom5ts & _! inali5able values4 ,sid5ote3 ,reason makes man's div9ity4 ,to p>ticipate 9 ?is vision is to p>ticipate at once 9 humanity & 9 div9ity1 s9ce all o!r makes bonds are mat]ial & p]i%able1 b ! bond betwe5 two ?\ghts t h grasp$ ! same tru?1 ( two in/ants t h caught ! same beauty1 is a spiritual & imp]i%able bond4 ,x is imp]i%able simply because x is ideal & resid5t m]ely 9 import & int5t4 ,! two ?\ghts1 ! two in/ants1 rema9 exi/5tially diff]5t2 7 !y n two !y c\ld n come f diff]5t qu>t]s to unite 9 "o mean+ & to behold "o object 9 di/9ct & conspir+ acts ( appreh5sion4 ,be+ indep5d5t 9 exi/5ce1 !y c be unit$ by ! id5tity ( _! burd51 by ! common wor%ip1 s to speak1 ( ! same god4 ,7 ?is ideal goal itself an exi/5ce1 x w\ld be incapable ( unit+ any?+2 = ! same gulf :i* sep>at$ ! two orig9al m9ds w\ld op5 betwe5 !m & _! common object4 ,b be+1 z x is1 purely ideal1 x c become ! meet+-gr\nd ( intellig5ces & r5d] _! union ideally et]nal4 ,among ! physical in/rum5ts ( ?\ght !re may be rivalry & impact--! two ?9k]s may compete & cla%--b ?is is because ea* seeks 8 own physical survival & does n love ! tru? /ripp$ ( its accid5tal associations & prov9cial acc5t4 ,doctors disagree 9 s f> z !y are n truly doctors1 b1 z ,plato w\ld say1 seek1 l sophi/s & wage-e>n]s1 to circumv5t & defeat "o ano!r4 ,! conflict is physical & c ext5d to ! subject-matt] only 9 s f> z ?is is ta9t$ by individual prejudice & n :olly lift$ f ! s5su\s to ! intellectual plane4 ,9 ! e!r !re are no w9ds ( doctr9e4 ,! intellect1 be+ ! organ & s\rce ( ! div9e1 is div9e & s+le2 if !re 7 _m sorts ( intellect1 _m pr9ciples ( p]spective1 !y w\ld fix & create incomp>able & irrelevant worlds4 ,reason is "o 9 t x gravitates t[>d an object1 call$ tru?1 :i* c\ld n h ! function x has1 ( be+ a focus = m5tal activities1 if x 7 n "o 9 ref]5ce to ! op]ations :i* conv]ge ^u x4 ,?is unity 9 tru?1 z 9 reason1 is ( c\rse functional only1 n physical or exi/5tial4 ,! heats ( ?\ght & ! ?9k]s are innum]able2 indef9ite1 too1 ! v>iations to :i* _! end[m5t & habits may be subject$4 ,b ! condition ( spiritual communion or ideal relevance 9 ^! intellig5ces is _! possession ( a me?od & gramm> ess5tially id5tical4 ,language1 = example1 is significant 9 proportion to ! con/ancy 9 mean+ :i* words & locutions pres]ve 9 a speak]'s m9d at v>i\s times1 or 9 ! m9ds ( v>i\s p]sons4 ,?is con/ancy is nev] absolute4 ,!re=e language is nev] :olly significant1 nev] exhau/ively intelligible4 ,!re is always mud 9 ! well1 if we h drawn up en\gh wat]4 ,yet 9 peaceful riv]s1 ?\gh !y fl[1 !re is an appreciable degree ( transluc5cy4 ,s1 f mom5t to mom5t1 & f man to man1 !re is an appreciable elem5t ( unanimity1 ( con/ancy & congruity ( int5t4 ,on ?is ab/ract & p]fectly id5tical function sci5ce re/s toge!r ) e rational =mation4 ,sid5ote3 & 8 immortality4 ,! same function is ! seat ( human immortality4 ,reason lifts a l>g] or small] elem5t 9 ea* man to ! plane ( ideality accord+ z reason m or less ?or\ghly leav5s & p]meates ! lump4 ,no man is :olly immortal1 z no philosophy is :olly true & no language :olly intelligible2 b only 9 s f> z intelligible is a language a language r ?an a noise1 only 9 s f> z true is a philosophy m ?an a v5t = c]ebral hum\rs1 & only 9 s f> z a man is rational & immortal is he a man & n a s5sorium4 ,x is h>d to conv9ce p t !y h su* a gift z intellig5ce4 ,if !y p]ceive its animal basis !y _c conceive its ideal aff9ities or und]/& :at is meant by call+ x div9e2 if !y p]ceive its ideality & see ! immortal ess5ces t swim into its k51 !y hotly d5y t x is an animal faculty1 & inv5t ultramundane places & bodiless p]sons 9 :i* x is to reside2 z if ^? cele/ial sub/ances c\ld be1 9 respect to ?\ght1 any less mat]ial ?an matt] or1 9 respect to vision & life1 any less in/rum5tal ?an bodily organs4 ,x nev] occurs to !m t if nature has add$ intellig5ce to animal life x is because !y belong toge!r4 ,intellig5ce is a natural emanation ( vitality4 ,if et]nity c\ld exi/ o!rwise ?an z a vision 9 "t1 et]nity w\ld h no mean+ = m5 9 ! _w1 :ile ! _w1 m51 & "t w\ld h no vocation or /atus 9 et]nity4 ,! travail ( exi/5ce w\ld be )\t excuse1 )\t issue or consummation1 :ile ! conceptions ( tru? & ( p]fection w\ld be )\t application to exp]i5ce1 pure dreams ab\t ?+s pret]natural & unreal1 vacantly conceiv$1 & illogically suppos$ to h some?+ to d ) liv+ issues4 ,b tru? & p]fection1 = ! v reason t !y are n problematic exi/5ces b inh]5t ideals1 _c be bani%$ f disc\rse4 ,exp]i5ce may lose any ( its data2 x _c lose1 :ile x endures1 ! t]ms ) :i* x op]ates 9 becom+ exp]i5ce4 ,n[1 tru? is relevant to e op9ion :i* looks to tru? = its /&>d1 & p]fection is envisag$ 9 e cry = relief1 9 e ef=t at bett]m5t4 ,op9ions1 volitions1 & passionate refusals fill human life4 ,s t :5 ! exi/5ce ( tru? is d5i$1 tru? is giv5 ! only /atus :i* x ev] requir$--x is conceiv$4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is ! locus ( all tru?s4 ,nor c any bett] def5se be f\nd = ! d5ial t nature & h] life h a /atus 9 et]nity4 ,?is /atem5t may n be und]/ood1 b if grasp$ at all x w n be que/ion$4 ,by hav+ a /atus 9 et]nity is n meant be+ p>ts ( an et]nal exi/5ce1 petrifi$ or congeal$ into some?+ real b motionless4 ,:at is meant is only t :atev] exi/s 9 "t1 :5 ba!d 9 ! light ( reflection1 acquires an indelible "* & discloses irrev]sible relations2 e fact1 9 be+ recognis$1 takes its place 9 ! univ]se ( disc\rse1 9 t ideal sph]e ( tru? :i* is ! common & un*ang+ /&>d = all ass]tions4 ,language1 sci5ce1 art1 religion1 & all ambiti\s dreams are compact$ ( ideas4 ,life is z mu* a mosaic ( notions z ! firmam5t is ( />s2 & ^! ideal & transp]sonal objects1 bridg+ "t1 fix+ /&>ds1 e/abli%+ values1 con/itut+ ! natural rew>ds ( all liv+1 are ! v furniture ( et]nity1 ! goals & play?+s ( t reason :i* is an in/9ct 9 ! he>t z vital & spontane\s z any o!r4 ,or r1 p]haps1 reason is a sup]v5+ in/9ct by :i* all o!r in/9cts are int]pret$1 j z ! s5sus communis or transc5d5tal unity ( psy*ology is a faculty by :i* all p]ceptions are br\ght face to face & comp>$4 ,s t immortality is n a privilege res]v$ = a "p only ( exp]i5ce1 b r a relation p]vad+ e "p 9 v>y+ measure4 ,we may1 9 leav+ ! subject1 m>k ! degrees & phases ( ?is idealisation4 ,sid5ote3 ,epicurean immortality1 ?r\gh ! tru? ( exi/5ce4 ,animal s5sation is relat$ to et]nity only by ! tru? t x has tak5 place4 ,! fact1 fleet+ z x is1 is regi/]$ 9 ideal hi/ory & no inv5tory ( ! _w's ri*es1 no true confession ( its crimes1 w\ld ev] be complete t ignor$ t incid5t4 ,?is indefeasible "* 9 exp]i5ce makes a fir/ sort ( ideal immortality1 "o on :i* ^? rational philosoph]s l to dwell :o h n speculation en\gh to feel q c]ta9 ( any o!r4 ,x 0 a consolation to ! ,epicurean to rememb] t1 h[ev] brief & unc]ta9 might be 8 t5ure ( delight1 ! pa/ 0 safe & ! pres5t sure4 8,he lives happy10 says ,horace1 8& ma/] ov] himself1 :o c say daily1 ,i h liv$4 ,to-morr[ let ,jove cov] ! sky ) black cl\ds or flood x ) sun%9e2 he %all n !reby r5d] va9 :at lies beh9d1 he %all n delete & make nev] to h exi/$ :at once ! h\r has br\ght 9 its flight40 ,su* self-conc5tration & hugg+ ( ! facts has no p[] to improve !m2 x gives to pleasure & pa9 an imp>tial et]nity1 & r t5ds to intr5* 9 s5su\s & selfi% satisfactions a m9d t has lo/ fai? 9 reason & t delib]ately ignores ! diff]5ce 9 scope & dignity :i* exi/s among v>i\s pursuits4 ,yet ! reflection is /aun* & 9 its way h]oic2 x meets a vague & feeble aspiration1 t looks to ! inf9ite1 ) a j rebuke2 x po9ts to real satisfactions1 exp]i5c$ successes1 & asks u to be cont5t ) ! fulfilm5t ( our own wills4 ,if y h se5 ! _w1 if y h play$ y\r game & won x1 :at m w\ld y ask =8 ,if y h ta/$ ! sweets ( exi/5ce1 y %\ld be satisfi$2 if ! exp]i5ce has be5 bitt]1 y %\ld be glad t x comes to an end4 ,( c\rse1 z we h se51 !re is a prim>y dem& 9 man :i* dea? & mutation contradict flatly1 s t no summons to cease c ev] be obey$ ) complete will+ness4 ,ev5 ! suicide trembles & ! ascetic feels ! /+s ( ! fle%4 ,x is ! "p ( philosophy1 h[ev]1 to pass ov] ^? natural repugnances & ov]lay !m ) z mu* c\nt]vail+ rationality z c f9d lodgm5t 9 a p>ticul> m9d4 ,! ,epicurean1 hav+ ab&on$ politics & religion & be+ afraid ( any f>-rea*+ ambition1 appli$ philosophy hone/ly en\gh to :at rema9$4 ,simple & heal?y pleasures are ! rew>d ( simple & heal?y pursuits2 to *afe aga9/ !m because !y are limit$ is to import a =eign & disruptive elem5t into ! case2 a heal?y hung] has its limit1 & its satisfaction rea*es a natural t]m4 ,philosophy1 f> f ali5at+ u f ^? values1 %\ld tea* u to see _! p]fection & to ma9ta9 !m 9 our ideal4 ,9 o!r words1 ! happy fill+ ( a s+le h\r is s mu* ga9$ = ! univ]se at l>ge1 & to f9d joy & suffici5cy 9 ! fly+ mom5t is p]haps ! only means op5 to u = increas+ ! glory ( et]nity4 ,sid5ote3 ,logical immortality1 ?r\gh objects ( ?\ght4 ,mov+ ev5ts1 :ile rema9+ en%r9$ 9 ?is fa%ion 9 _! p]man5t sett+1 may conta9 o!r & less ext]nal relations to ! immutable4 ,!y may repres5t x4 ,if ! pleasures ( s5se are n cancell$ :5 !y cease1 b cont9ue to satisfy reason 9 t !y once satisfi$ natural desires1 mu* m w ! pleasures ( reflection reta9 _! wor?1 :5 we consid] t :at !y aspir$ to & rea*$ 0 no mom5t>y physical equilibrium b a p]man5t tru?4 ,z ,ar*im$es1 measur+ ! hypo!nuse1 0 lo/ to ev5ts1 be+ engag$ 9 an ev5t ( mu* great] transc5d5ce1 s art & sci5ce int]rupt ! s5se = *ange by engross+ att5tion 9 its issues & its laws4 ,old age (t5 turns pi\s to look away f ru9s to "s _w :]e y\? endures & :]e :at ought to h be5 is n ov]tak5 by decay be=e x has q come to maturity4 ,lo/ 9 su* ab/ract contemplations1 ! m9d is wean$ f mortal conc]ns4 ,x =gets = a few mom5ts a _w 9 :i* x has s little m to d & s mu*1 p]haps1 /ill to suff]4 ,z a s5sation ( pure light w\ld n be di/+ui%able f light itself1 s a contemplation ( ?+s n implicat+ "t 9 _! /ructure becomes1 s f> z its own deliv]ance goes1 a timeless exi/5ce4 ,unconsci\sness ( temporal conditions & ( ! v flight ( "t makes ! ?9k] s9k = a mom5t into id5tity ) timeless objects4 ,& s immortality1 9 a second ideal s5se1 t\*es ! m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,e?ical immortality1 ?r\gh types ( excell5ce4 ,! transitive phases ( consci\sness1 h[ev]1 h !mselves a ref]5ce to et]nal ?+s4 ,!y yield a g5]\s en?usiasm & love ( good :i* is ri*] 9 consolation ?an ei!r ,epicurean self-conc5tration or ma!matical ec/asy4 ,ev5ts are m int]e/+ ?an ! t]ms we ab/ract f !m1 & ! =w>d movem5t ( ! w is some?+ m intimately real ?an is ! catalogue ( our pa/ exp]i5ces4 ,n[ ! =w>d movem5t ( ! w is an av5ue to ! et]nal4 ,:at w\ld y h8 ,:at is ! goal ( y\r endeav\r8 ,x mu/ be "s success1 ! e/abli%m5t ( "s ord]1 ! expression ( "s exp]i5ce4 ,^! po9ts once rea*$1 we are n left m]ely ) ! satisfaction ( ab/ract success or ! consci\sness ( ideal immortality4 ,be+ natural goals1 ^! ideals are relat$ to natural functions4 ,_! atta9m5t does n exhau/ b m]ely lib]ates1 9 ?is in/ance1 ! function conc]n$1 & s m>ks ! p]petual po9t ( ref]5ce common to t function 9 all its fluctuations4 ,e atta9m5t ( p]fection 9 an art--z = in/ance 9 gov]nm5t--makes a return to p]fection easi] = po/]ity1 s9ce !re rema9s an enlight5+ example1 toge!r ) faculties pr$ispos$ by discipl9e to recov] _! anci5t virtue4 ,! bett] a man evokes & realises ! ideal ! m he leads ! life t all o!rs1 9 proportion to _! wor?1 w seek to live aft] him1 & ! m he helps !m to live 9 t nobl] fa%ion4 ,8 pres5ce 9 ! society ( immortals ?us becomes1 s to speak1 m p]vasive4 ,he n only vanqui%es "t1 by 8 own rationality1 liv+ n[ 9 ! et]nal1 b he cont9ually lives aga9 9 all rational be+s4 ,s9ce ! ideal has ?is p]petual p]t95ce to mortal /ruggles1 he :o lives 9 ! ideal & leaves x express$ 9 society or 9 art enjoys a d\ble immortality4 ,! et]nal has absorb$ him :ile he liv$1 & :5 he is dead 8 influ5ce br+s o!rs to ! same absorption1 mak+ !m1 ?r\gh t ideal id5tity ) ! be/ 9 him1 re9c>nations & p]5nial seats ( all 9 him :i* he c\ld rationally hope to rescue f de/ruction4 ,he c say1 )\t any subt]fuge or desire to delude himself1 t he %all n :olly die2 = he w h a bett] notion ?an ! vulg> ( :at con/itutes 8 be+4 ,by becom+ ! spectator & confessor ( 8 own dea? & ( univ]sal mutation1 he w h id5tifi$ himself ) :at is spiritual 9 all spirits & ma/]ful 9 all appreh5sion2 & s conceiv+ himself1 he may truly feel & "k t he is et]nal4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,conclusion ,sid5ote3 ,! failure ( magic4 ,! prec$+ analysis ( religion1 al?\gh x is illu/rat$ ma9ly by ,*ri/ianity1 may enable u 9 a g5]al way to di/+ui% ! rational goal ( all religi\s life4 ,9 no sph]e is ! contra/ cle>] betwe5 wisdom & folly2 9 none1 p]haps1 has !re be5 s mu* ( bo?4 ,x 0 a prodigi\s delusion to imag9e t "w c\ld be done by magic2 & ! desp]ate appeal :i* human weakness has made to pray]1 to ca/igations1 to miscellane\s fanta/ic acts1 9 ! hope ( !reby b5d+ nature to great] sympa?y ) human necessities1 is a pa!tic spectacle2 all ! m pa!tic 9 t "h ! v importunity ( evil1 :i* di/ract$ ! m9d & all[$ x no *oice or delib]ation1 prev5t$ v (t5 ^? practical measures :i*1 if light$ ^u1 w\ld h in/antly reliev$ ! situation4 ,religion :5 x has tri$ to d man's "w = him has n only *eat$ hope1 b consum$ en]gy & drawn away att5tion f ! true means ( success4 ,sid5ote3 & ( my?ology4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! imag9ative value4 ,no less useless & ret>d+ has be5 ! ef=t to give religion ! function ( sci5ce4 ,my?ology1 9 excogitat+ hidd5 dramatic causes = natural ph5om5a1 or 9 attribut+ ev5ts to ! human values :i* !y might prev5t or secure1 has pr(\ndly p]v]t$ & confus$ ! intellect2 x has delay$ & emb>rass$ ! discov]y ( natural =ces1 at ! same "t fo/]+ presumptions :i*1 on be+ explod$1 t5d$ to plunge m51 by revulsion1 into an artificial despair4 ,at ! same "t ?is exp]im5t 9 my?ology involv$ wond]ful creations :i* h a poetic value ( _! own1 to (fset _! uselessness 9 "s measure & ! ob/ruction !y h occasion$4 ,9 imag9+ human ag5ts beh9d e appe>ance fancy has giv5 appe>ances "s k9%ip to human life2 x has made nature a mass ( hi]oglyphics & enl>g$ to t ext5t ! means ( human expression4 ,:ile objects & ev5ts 7 caprici\sly moralis$1 ! m9d's own pla/icity has be5 develop$ by its great ex]cise 9 self-projection4 ,to imag9e himself a ?und]-cl\d or a riv]1 ! disp5s] ( sil5t b5efits & ! contriv] ( deep-seat$ univ]sal h>monies1 has actually /imulat$ man's moral nature3 he has gr[n l>g] by ?9k+ himself s l>ge4 ,?r\gh ! d5se cl\d ( false ?\ght & bad habit 9 :i* religion ?us wrapp$ ! _w1 "s rays broke ?r\gh f ! beg9n+2 = my?ology & magic express$ life & s\ght to express its conditions4 ,human ne$s & human ideals w5t =? 9 ^! =ms to solicit & to conqu] ! _w2 & s9ce ^! imag9ative me?ods1 = _! v ineptitude1 rode some:at lightly ov] p>ticul> issues & envisag$ r di/ant goods1 x 0 possible ?r\gh !m to give aspiration & reflection great] scope ?an ! mean] exig5cies ( life w\ld h p]mitt$4 ,:]e cu/om rul$ morals & a n>r[ empiricism b\nd$ ! field ( k1 x 0 p>tly a bless+ t imag9ation %\ld be giv5 an illegitimate sway4 ,)\t misund]/&+1 !re might h be5 no und]/&+ at all2 )\t confid5ce 9 sup]natural support1 ! he>t might nev] h utt]$ its own oracles4 ,s t 9 close association ) sup]/ition & fable we f9d piety & spirituality ent]+ ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,piety & spirituality ju/ifi$4 ,rational religion has ^! two phases3 piety1 or loyalty to necess>y conditions1 & spirituality1 or devotion to ideal ends4 ,^! simple sanctities make ! core ( all ! o!rs4 ,piety dr9ks at ! deep1 elem5tal s\rces ( p[] & ord]3 x /udies nature1 hon\rs ! pa/1 appropriates & cont9ues its mission4 ,spirituality uses ! /r5g? ?us acquir$1 remodell+ all x receives1 & look+ to ! future & ! ideal4 ,true religion is entirely human & political1 z 0 t ( ! anci5t ,hebrews1 ,romans1 & ,greeks4 ,sup]natural ma*9]y is ei!r symbolic ( natural conditions & moral aims or else is wor?less4 ,sid5ote3 ,my/icism a primordial /ate ( feel+4 ,!re is "o o!r phase or possible ov]tone ( religion ab\t :i* a ^w might be add$ 9 conclusion4 ,:at is call$ my/icism is a c]ta9 g5ial loos5+ ( conv5tion1 :e!r rational or my?ical2 ! my/ic smiles at sci5ce & plays ) !ology1 und]m9+ bo? by =ce ( 8 insight & inw>d assurance4 ,he is all fai?1 all love1 all vision1 b he is ea* ( ^! ?+s 9 vacuo1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( any object4 ,my/icism c exi/1 9 v>i$ degrees1 at any /age ( rational developm5t4 ,its pres5ce is !re=e no indication ( ! wor? or wor?lessness ( its possessor4 ,?is circum/ance t5ds to obscure its nature1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be obvi\s en\gh4 ,see+ ! greate/ sa9ts & philosoph]s gr[ my/ical 9 _! highe/ flights1 an innoc5t obs]v] might imag9e t my/icism 0 an ultimate attitude1 :i* only 8 own incapacity kept him f und]/&+4 ,b exactly ! opposite is ! case4 ,my/icism is ! mo/ primitive ( feel+s & only visits =m$ m9ds 9 mom5ts ( intellectual arre/ & dissolution4 ,x c exi/ 9 a *ild1 v likely 9 an animal2 inde$1 to p>ody a phrase ( ,hegel's1 ! only pure my/ics are ! brutes4 ,:5 articulation fails 9 ! face ( exp]i5ce2 :5 in/9ct guides )\t k9dl+ any prophetic idea to :i* action may be inw>dly ref]r$2 :5 life & hope & joy fl[ ?r\gh ! s\l f an unkn[n region to an unkn[n end1 !n consci\sness is my/ical4 ,su* an exp]i5ce may suffuse ! be/ equipp$ m9d1 if its primordial en]gies1 its w & emotions1 mu* outrun its intellig5ce4 ,j z at ! beg9n+ pure inexp]i5ce may fl\nd] intellectually & yet may h a s5se ( n go+ a/ray1 a s5se ( be+ c>ri$ by e>? & sky1 by contagion & pleasure1 into its animal p>adise2 s at ! end1 if ! vegetative =ces /ill pr$om9ate1 all articulate exp]i5ce may be lift$ up & c>ri$ d[n-/ream bodily by ! elem5t>y flood ris+ f b5ea?4 ,sid5ote3 ,x may recur at any /age ( culture4 ,e religion1 all sci5ce1 all art1 is accord+ly subject to incid5tal my/icism2 b 9 no case c my/icism /& alone & be ! body or basis ( any?+4 ,9 ! ,life ( ,reason x is1 if ,i may say s1 a normal disease1 a recurr5t manife/ation ( lo/ equilibrium & int]rupt$ gr[?2 b 9 ^! pauses1 :5 ! dep?s rise to ! surface & oblit]ate :at scrat*es culture may h made !re1 ! rhy?m ( life may be m p[]fully felt1 & ! v disappe>ance ( intellect may be tak5 = a revelation4 ,bo? 9 a social & a psy*ological s5se revelations come f b5ea?1 l e>?quakes & volcanic eruptions2 & :ile !y fill ! _s ) contempt = ^? fragile /ructures :i* !y s easily ov]:elm1 !y are utt]ly incapable ( rais+ any?+ on ! ru9s4 ,if !y leave some?+ /&+ x is only by involunt>y accid5t1 & if !y prep>e ! soil = any?+1 x is commonly only = wild-fl[]s & we$s4 ,revelations are seldom b5efic5t1 !re=e1 unless !re is m evil 9 ! _w to de/roy ?an good to pres]ve2 & my/icism1 "u ! same circum/ances1 may also lib]ate & relieve ! _s4 ,sid5ote3 ,=m gives sub/ance its life & value4 ,! feel+s :i* 9 my/icism rise to ! surface & speak 9 _! own "n are simply ! anci5t1 ov]gr[n feel+s ( vitality1 dep5d5ce1 inclusion2 !y are ! backgr\nd ( consci\sness com+ =w>d & blott+ out ! sc5e4 ,:at my/icism de/roys is1 9 a s5se1 its only legitimate expression4 ,! ,life ( ,reason1 9 s f> z x is life1 conta9s ! my/ic's primordial assurances1 & 8 rudim5t>y joys2 b 9 s f> z x is rational x has discov]$ :at ^? assurances re/ on1 9 :at direction !y may be tru/$ to support action & ?\ght2 & x has giv5 ^? joys di/9ction & connexion1 turn+ a dumb mom5t>y ec/asy into a _m-col\r$ & natural happ9ess4 999999 ,end ( ,volume ,?ree 999999 ,,reason ,,9 ,,art ,volume ,f\r ( 8,! ,life ( ,reason0 ,,george ,,santayana h g> noy enh]geia zh ,,cont5ts ,,reason ,,9 ,,art ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,art ,,9 ,,in/9ct ,,& ,,exp]i5ce ,man affects 8 environm5t1 sometimes to good purpose4--,art is pla/ic in/9ct consci\s ( its aims4--,x is automatic4--,s are ! ideas x expresses4--,we are said to control :atev] obeys u4--,utility is a result4--,! useful naturally /able4--,intellig5ce is docility4--,art is reason propagat+ itself4--,beauty an incid5t 9 rational art1 insep>able f ! o!rs4 ,pages #c-ag ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,rationality ,,( ,,indu/rial ,,art ,utility is ultimately ideal4--,"w wa/$ & *ances miss$4--,ideals mu/ be int]pret$1 n prescrib$4--,! aim ( indu/ry is to live well4--,"s arts1 b no m51 are slaves by nature4--,s]vile arts may gr[ spontane\s or _! products may be r5\nc$4--,art />ts f two pot5tialities3 its mat]ial & its problem4--,ea* mu/ be def9ite & congru\s ) ! o!r4--,a sophism expos$4--,indu/ry prep>es matt] = ! lib]al arts4--,ea* p>takes ( ! o!r4 ,pages #ah-cc ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,em]g5ce ,,( ,,f9e ,,art ,art is spontane\s action made /able by success4--,x comb9es utility & automatism4--,automatism fundam5tal & irresponsible4--,x is tam$ by contact ) ! _w4--,! dance4--,functions ( ge/ure4--,automatic music4 ,pages #cd-dc ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,music ,music is a _w ap>t4--,x ju/ifies itself4--,x is vital & transi5t4--,its physical aff9ities4--,physiology ( music4--,limits ( musical s5sibility4--,! value ( music is relative to !m4--,wond]s ( musical /ructure4--,its inh]5t emotions4--,9 gr[+ specific !y rema9 une>?ly4--,!y m]ge ) common emotions1 & express su* z f9d no object 9 nature4--,music l5ds elem5t>y feel+s an intellectual communicable =m4--,all ess5ces are 9 !mselves good1 ev5 ! passions4--,ea* impulse calls = a possible cong5ial _w4--,lit]ature incapable ( express+ pure feel+s4--,music may d s4--,in/ability ! s\l ( matt]4--,peace ! triumph ( _s4--,ref9em5t is true /r5g?4 ,pages #dd-fg ,,*apt] ,v ,,spee* ,,& ,,signification ,s\nds well fitt$ to be symbols4--,language has a /ructure indep5d5t ( ?+s4--,words1 rema9+ id5tical1 s]ve to id5tify ?+s t *ange4--,language ! dialectical g>m5t ( facts4--,words are wise m5's c\nt]s4--,nom9alism "r 9 psy*ology & realism 9 logic4--,lit]ature moves betwe5 ! extremes ( music & d5otation4--,s\nd & object1 9 _! s5su\s pres5ce1 may h aff9ity4--,syntax positively repres5tative4--,yet x vitiates :at x repres5ts4--,difficulty 9 subdu+ a liv+ m$ium4--,language =e%ort5s exp]i5ce4--,x is a p]petual my?ology4--,x may be apt or inapt1 ) equal ri*ness4--,absolute language a possible b fooli% art ,pages #fh-hf ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,poetry ,,& ,,prose ,=ce ( prim>y expressions4--,its exclusiv5ess & n>r[ness4--,rudim5t>y poetry an incantation or *>m4--,inspiration irresponsible4--,plato's discrim9at+ view4--,explosive & pregnant expression4--,natural hi/ory ( inspiration4--,expressions to be und]/ood mu/ be recreat$1 & s *ang$4--,expressions may be reca/ p]v]sely1 hum\r\sly1 or sublimely4--,! nature ( prose4--,x is m advanc$ & responsible ?an poetry4--,maturity br+s love ( practical tru?4--,pure prose w\ld t5d to efface itself4--,=m alone1 or sub/ance alone1 may be poetical4--,poetry has its place 9 ! m$ium4--,x is ! be/ m$ium possible4--,might x n convey :at x is be/ to "k8--,a rational poetry w\ld exclude mu* n[ ?\ght poetical4--,all app]ception modifies its object4--,reason has its own bias & me?od4--,rational poetry w\ld envelop exact k 9 ultimate emotions4--,an illu/ration4--,volume c be f\nd 9 scope bett] ?an 9 sugge/ion ,pages #hg-aae ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,pla/ic ,,con/ruction ,automatic expression (t5 leaves traces 9 ! out] _w4--,su* effects fruitful4--,magic au?ority ( man's fir/ creations4--,art br+s relief f idolatry4--,in]tia 9 te*nique4--,in]tia 9 appreciation4--,adv5titi\s effects appreciat$ fir/4--,approa* to beauty ?r\gh useful /ructure4--,failure ( adapt$ /yles4--,n all /ructure beautiful1 nor all beauty /ructural4--,/ructures design$ = display4--,appeal made by decoration4--,its natural rights4--,its alliance ) /ructure 9 ,greek ar*itecture4--,relations ( ! two 9 ,go?ic art4--,! result "h romantic4--,! m$ival arti/4--,repres5tation introduc$4--,transition to illu/ration4 ,pages #aaf-adc ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,pla/ic ,,repres5tation ,psy*ology ( imitation4--,su/a9$ s5sation involves reproduction4--,imitative art repeats ) int5t to repeat1 & 9 a new mat]ial4--,imitation leads to adaptation & to k4--,h[ ! arti/ is inspir$ & irresponsible4--,ne$ ( kn[+ & lov+ ! subject r5d]$4--,public int]e/s det]m9e ! subject ( art1 & ! subject ! m$ium4--,reproduction by act+ ephem]al4--dem&s ( sculpture4--,x is ess5tially obsolete4--,:5 m5 see gr\ps & backgr\nds !y are natural pa9t]s4--,evolution ( pa9t+4--,s5su\s & dramatic adequacy approa*$4--,ess5ce ( l&scape-pa9t+4--,its ?reat5$ dissolution4--,rev]sion to pure decorative design4--,s5su\s values are primordial & s indisp5sable ,pages #add-afe ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,ju/ification ,,( ,,art ,art is subject to moral c5sor%ip4--,its initial or specific excell5ce is n en\gh4--,all satisfactions1 h[ev] hurtful1 h an initial wor?4--,b1 on ! :ole1 arti/ic activity is innoc5t4--,x is lib]al1 & typical ( p]fect activity4--,! ideal1 :5 inc>nate1 becomes subject to civil society4--,plato's /rictures3 he exagg]ates ! effect ( my?s4--,8 deep] moral objections4--,_! lightness4--,importance ( /hetic alt]natives4--,! importance ( /hetic goods v>ies ) temp]am5ts4--,! /hetic temp]am5t requires tutelage4--,ae/hetic values ev]y:]e int]fus$4--,!y are primordial4--,to sup]pose !m adv5titi\sly is to de/roy !m4--,!y fl[ naturally f p]fect function4--,ev5 inhibit$ functions1 :5 !y fall into a new rhy?m1 yield new beauties4--,he :o loves beauty mu/ *a/5 x ,pages #aff-aij ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,crit]ion ,,( ,,ta/e ,dogmatism is inevitable b may be enlight5$4--,ta/e ga9s 9 au?ority z x is m & m widely bas$4--,diff]5t /hetic end[m5ts may be comp>$ 9 quantity or =ce4--,au?ority ( vital ov] v]bal judgm5ts4--,ta/es diff] also 9 purity or consi/5cy4--,!y diff]1 f9ally1 9 p]t95ce1 & 9 wid? ( appeal4--,art may gr[ classic by idealis+ ! famili>1 or by report+ ! ultimate4--,good ta/e dem&s t art %\ld be rational1 i4e41 h>moni\s ) all o!r int]e/s4--,a m]e 8"w ( art0 a baseless artifice4--,human uses give to works ( art _! highe/ expression & *>m4--,! sad values ( appe>ance4--,!y ne$ to be made prophetic ( practical goods1 :i* 9 turn w\ld be suffus$ ) beauty ,pages #aia-bae ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,art ,,& ,,happ9ess ,ae/hetic h>monies are p>odies ( real ones1 :i* 9 turn w\ld be suffus$ ) beauty1 yet prototypes ( true p]fections4--,pros & cons ( deta*$ indulg5ces4--,! happy imag9ation is "o initially 9 l9e ) ?+s1 & br\ght always clos] to !m by exp]i5ce4--,reason is ! pr9ciple ( bo? art & happ9ess4--,only a rational society c h sure & p]fect arts4--,:y art is n[ empty & un/able4--,anomal\s "* ( ! irrational arti/4--,true art measures & completes happ9ess4 ,pages #baf-bcj ,,reason ,,9 ,,art ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,art ,,9 ,,in/9ct ,,& ,,exp]i5ce ,sid5ote3 ,man affects 8 environm5t1 sometimes to good purpose4 ,man exi/s amid a univ]sal f]m5t ( be+1 & n only ne$s pla/icity 9 8 habits & pursuits b f9ds pla/icity also 9 ! surr\nd+ _w4 ,life is an equilibrium :i* is ma9ta9$ n[ by accept+ modification & n[ by impos+ x4 ,s9ce ! organ = all activity is a body 9 me*anical relation to o!r mat]ial objects1 objects :i* ! creature's in/9cts (t5 compel him to appropriate or trans=m1 *anges 9 8 habits & pursuits leave _! m>k on :atev] he t\*es4 ,8 habitat mu/ ne$s be> _m a trace ( 8 pres5ce1 f :i* intellig5t obs]v]s might inf] some?+ ab\t 8 life & action4 ,^! ve/iges ( action are = ! mo/ "p impr9t$ unconsci\sly & aimlessly on ! _w4 ,!y are 9 !mselves g5]ally useless1 l footpr9ts2 & yet almo/ any sign ( man's passage might1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 int]e/ a man4 ,a footpr9t c\ld fill ,rob9son ,crusoe ) emotion1 ! deva/ation wr\ght by an army's m>* might prove _m ?+s to a hi/orian1 & ev5 ! disord] 9 :i* a room is casually left may express v vividly ! own]'s ways & "*4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 man's traces are traces ( useful action :i* has s *ang$ natural objects z to make !m cong5ial to 8 m9d4 ,in/ead ( a footpr9t we might f9d an arr[2 in/ead ( a disord]$ room1 a well-plant$ or*>d--?+s :i* w\ld n only h betray$ ! ag5t's habits1 b w\ld h s]v$ & express$ 8 int5t4 ,su* propiti\s =ms giv5 by man to matt] are no less in/rum5tal 9 ! ,life ( ,reason ?an are propiti\s =ms assum$ by man's own habit or fancy4 ,any op]ation :i* ?us humanises & rationalises objects is call$ art4 ,sid5ote3 ,art is pla/ic in/9ct consci\s ( its aim4 ,all art has an in/9ctive s\rce & a mat]ial embodim5t4 ,if ! birds 9 build+ ne/s felt ! utility ( :at !y d1 !y w\ld be practis+ an art2 & = ! in/9ct to be call$ rational x w\ld ev5 suffice t _! traditional purpose & me?od %\ld become consci\s occasionally4 ,?us weav+ is an art1 al?\gh ! weav] may n be at e mom5t consci\s ( its purpose1 b may be c>ri$ along1 l any o!r workman1 by ! r\t9e ( 8 art2 & language is a rational product1 n because x always has a use or mean+1 b because x is sometimes felt to h "o4 ,arts are no less automatic ?an in/9cts1 & usually1 z ,ari/otle obs]v$1 less ?or\ghly purposive2 = in/9cts1 be+ transmitt$ by inh]itance & imb$d$ 9 cong5ital /ructure1 h to be economically & deeply organis$4 ,if !y g f> wrong !y con/itute a burd5 impossible to ?r[ (f & impossible to be>4 ,! man h>ass$ by inord9ate in/9cts p]i%es ?r\gh want1 vice1 disease1 or madness4 ,arts1 on ! contr>y1 be+ transmitt$ only by imitation & tea*+1 hov] m lightly ov] life4 ,if ill-adju/$ !y make less havoc & cause less dra94 ,! m sup]ficial !y are & ! m deta*$ f practical habits1 ! m extravagant & mean+less !y c d>e to become2 s t ! high] products ( life are ! mo/ (t5 gratuit\s4 ,no in/9ct or in/itution 0 ev] s absurd z is a l>ge "p ( human poetry & philosophy1 :ile ! m>g9 ( ineptitude is mu* broad] 9 religi\s my? ?an 9 religi\s e?ics4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is automatic4 ,arts are in/9cts br$ & re>$ 9 ! op51 creative habits acquir$ 9 ! light ( reason4 ,consci\sness accompanies _! =mation2 a c]ta9 uneas9ess or desire & a m or less def9ite conception ( :at is want$ (t5 prec$es _! full organisation4 ,t ! ne$ %\ld be felt be=e ! means = satisfy+ x h be5 f\nd has l$ ! unreflect+ to imag9e t 9 art ! ne$ produces ! discov]y & ! idea ! "w4 ,causes at be/ are lightly assign$ by mortals1 & ?is p>ticul> sup]/ition is no worse ?an any o!r4 ,! data--! plan & its execution--z conjo9$ empirically 9 ! few int]e/+ cases :i* %[ successful a*ievem5t1 are made into a law1 9 oblivion ( ! fact t 9 m num]\s cases su* conjunction fails :olly or 9 "p1 & t ev5 9 ! successful cases o!r natural conditions are pres5t1 & mu/ be pres5t1 to secure ! result4 ,9 a matt] :]e cu/om is s +ra9$ & support$ by a con/ant app]ceptive illusion1 !re is little hope ( mak+ ?\ght sudd5ly exact1 or exact language n p>adoxical4 ,we mu/ obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t only by virtue ( a false p]spective d ideas seems to gov]n action1 or is a felt necessity ! "m ( inv5tion4 ,9 tru? inv5tion is ! *ild ( abundance1 & ! g5ius or vital premonition & grop+ :i* a*ieve art1 simultane\sly a*ieve ! ideas :i* t art embodies2 or1 r1 ideas are !mselves products ( an inn] movem5t :i* has an automatic ext5sion outw>ds2 & ?is ext5sion manife/s ! ideas4 ,m]e crav+ has no lights ( its own to prophesy by1 no presci5ce ( :at ! _w may conta9 t w\ld satisfy1 no p[] ( imag9+ :at w\ld allay its unre/4 ,images & satisfactions h to come ( !mselves2 !n ! bl9d crav+1 z x turns into an incipi5t pleasure1 fir/ recognises its object4 ,! pure w's impot5ce is absolute1 & x w\ld wri! = ev] & consume itself 9 d>kness if p]ception gave x no light & exp]i5ce no premonition4 ,sid5ote3 ,s are ! ideas x expresses4 ,n[1 a man _c draw bodily f ext]nal p]ception ! ideas he is suppos$ to create or inv5t2 & z 8 w or uneas9ess1 be=e he creates ! satisfy+ ideas1 is by hypo!sis )\t !m1 x foll[s t creation or inv5tion is automatic4 ,! ideas come ( !mselves1 be+ new & un?\ght-( figm5ts1 simil>1 no d\bt1 to old p]ceptions & compact$ ( famili> mat]ials1 b reproduc$ 9 a novel fa%ion & dropp+ 9 _! sudd5 =m f ! blue4 ,h[ev] in/antly !y may be welcom$1 !y 7 n already kn[n & nev] c\ld h be5 summon$4 ,9 ! /ock example1 = in/ance1 ( grop+ = a =gott5 "n1 we "k ! context 9 :i* t "n %\ld lie2 we feel ! environm5t ( our local void2 b :at f9ally pops into t place1 re9/at$ !re by ! surr\nd+ t5sions1 is itself un=ese51 = x 0 j ?is t 0 =gott54 ,c\ld we h invok$ ! "n we %\ld n h ne$$ to d s1 hav+ x already at our disposal4 ,x is 9 fact a palpable impossibility t any idea %\ld call itself into be+1 or t any act or any pref]5ce %\ld be its own gr\nd4 ,! responsibility assum$ = ^! ?+s is n a det]m9ation to conceive !m be=e !y are conceiv$ 7:i* is a contradiction 9 t]ms7 b an embrace & appropriation ( !m once !y h appe>$4 ,x is ?us t ebullitions 9 p>ts ( our nature become t\*/ones = ! :ole2 & ! incid5ts )9 u seem h>dly our own "w till !y are accept$ & incorporat$ into ! ma9 curr5t ( our be+4 ,all inv5tion is t5tative1 all art exp]im5tal1 & to be s\ght1 l salvation1 ) fe> & trembl+4 ,!re is a pa9ful pregnancy 9 g5ius1 a long incubation & wait+ = ! _s1 a ?\s& rejections & futile bir?-pangs1 be=e ! wond]ful *ild appe>s1 a gift ( ! gods1 utt]ly undes]v$ & inexplicably p]fect4 ,ev5 ?is unacc\ntable success comes only 9 r>e & =tunate in/ances4 ,:at is ord9>ily produc$ is s base a hybrid1 s lame & ridicul\s a *angel+1 t we reconcile ourselves ) difficulty to our (fspr+ & blu% to be repres5t$ by our fat$ works4 ,sid5ote3 ,we are said to control :atev] obeys u4 ,! prop5sity to attribute happy ev5ts to our own ag5cy1 little z we und]/& :at we mean by x1 & to attribute only unt[>d results to ext]nal =ces1 has its gr\nd 9 ! primitive nexus ( exp]i5ce4 ,:at we call ourselves is a c]ta9 cycle ( vegetative processes1 br++ a r\nd ( famili> impulses & ideas2 ?is /ream has a g5]al direction1 a consci\s vital in]tia1 9 h>mony ) :i* x moves4 ,_m ( ! developm5ts )9 x are dialectical2 t is1 !y g =w>d by inn] necessity1 l an egg hat*+ )9 its %ell1 w>m$ b undi/urb$ by an environm5t ( :i* !y are :olly oblivi\s2 & ?is sort ( gr[?1 :5 !re is adequate consci\sness ( x1 is felt to be bo? absolutely obvi\s & absolutely free4 ,! emotion t accompanies x is pleasurable1 b is too active & pr\d to call itself a pleasure2 x has r ! quality ( assurance & "r4 ,?is "p ( life1 h[ev]1 is only its c\rage\s core2 ab\t x play all sorts ( incid5tal processes1 ally+ !mselves to x 9 m or less congru\s movem5t4 ,:atev] p]iph]al ev5ts fall 9 ) ! c5tral impulse are accord+ly lo/ 9 its en]gy & felt to be n s mu* p]iph]al & accid5tal z inw>dly gr\nd$1 be+1 l ! /ages ( a prosp]\s dialectic1 spontane\sly dem&$ & in/antly ju/ifi$ :5 !y come4 ,! sph]e ( ! self's p[] is accord+ly1 = primitive consci\sness1 simply ! sph]e ( :at happ5s well2 x is ! entire un(f5d+ & ob$i5t "p ( ! _w4 ,a man :o has good luck at dice prides himself ^u x1 & believes t to h x is 8 de/9y & des]t4 ,if 8 luck 7 absolutely con/ant1 he w\ld say he _h ! p[] to ?r[ high2 & z ! ev5t w\ld1 by hypo!sis1 su/a9 8 boa/1 !re w\ld be no practical error 9 t assumption4 ,a w t nev] f\nd any?+ to ?w>t x w\ld ?9k itself omnipot5t2 & z ! psy*ological ess5ce ( omnisci5ce is n to suspect !re is any?+ :i* y d n "k1 s ! psy*ological ess5ce ( omnipot5ce is n to suspect t any?+ c happ5 :i* y d n desire4 ,su* claims w\ld und\bt$ly be made if exp]i5ce l5t !m ! lea/ col\r2 b w\ld ev5 ! mo/ com=table & innoc5t assurances ( ?is sort cease to be prec>i\s8 ,might n any mom5t ( et]nity br+ ! unimag9$ contradiction1 & %ake ! dream+ god8 ,sid5ote3 ,utility is a result4 ,utility1 l significance1 is an ev5tual h>mony 9 ! arts & by no means _! gr\nd4 ,all useful ?+s h be5 discov]$ z ! ,lilliputians discov]$ roa/ pig2 & ! casual feat has fur!rmore to be support$ by a situation fav\rable to ma9ta9+ ! art4 ,! mo/ useful act w nev] be repeat$ unless its secret rema9s embodi$ 9 /ructure4 ,practice & endeav\r w n help an arti/ to rema9 long at 8 be/2 & _m a p]=mance is applaud$ :i* _c be imitat$4 ,to create ! requisite /ructure two pre=m$ /ructures are ne$$3 "o 9 ! ag5t1 to give him skill & p]sev]ance1 & ano!r 9 ! mat]ial1 to give x ! "r pla/icity4 ,human progress w\ld long ago h rea*$ its goal if e man :o recognis$ a good c\ld at once appropriate x1 & possess wisdom = ev] by virtue ( "o mom5t's insight4 ,insight1 un=tunately1 is 9 itself p]fectly useless & inconsequ5tial2 x c nei!r h produc$ its own occasion nor n[ insure its own recurr5ce4 ,nev]!less1 be+ pro( positive t :atev] basis x ne$s is actual1 insight is also an indication t ! extant /ructure1 if circum/ances ma9ta9 x1 may cont9ue to op]ate ) ! same moral results1 ma9ta9+ ! vision :i* x has once support$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! useful naturally /able4 ,:5 m5 f9d t by *ance !y h />t$ a useful *ange 9 ! _w1 !y congratulate !mselves ^u x & call _! p]si/5ce 9 t practice a free activity4 ,& ! activity is inde$ rational1 s9ce x subs]ves an end4 ,! happy organisation :i* enables u to cont9ue 9 t rational c\rse is ! v organisation :i* enabl$ u to initiate x4 ,if ?is new process 0 =m$ "u ext]nal influ5ces1 ! same influ5ces1 :5 !y op]ate aga91 w recon/itute ! process ea* "t m easily2 :ile if x 0 =m$ q spontane\sly1 its own in]tia w ma9ta9 x quietly 9 ! bra9 & br+ x to ! surface :5ev] circum/ances p]mit4 ,?is is :at is call$ le>n+ by exp]i5ce4 ,su* lessons are f> f indelible & are n always at comm&4 ,yet :at has once be5 done may be repeat$2 repetition re9=ces itself & becomes habit2 & a cle> memory ( ! b5efit once atta9$ by =tunate action1 repres5t+ z x does ! trace left by t action 9 ! sy/em1 & its h>mony ) ! man's usual impulses 7= ! action is felt to be b5eficial71 con/itutes a /rong presumption t ! act w be repeat$ automatically on occasion2 i4e41 t x has really be5 le>n$4 ,consci\sness1 :i* will+ly att5ds to results only1 w judge ei!r ! memory or ! b5efit1 or bo? confus$ly1 to be ! gr\nd ( ?is read9ess to act2 & only if "s hit* occurs 9 ! ma*9]y1 s t rational behavi\r fails to takes place1 w a surpris$ appeal be made to mat]ial accid5ts1 or to a guilty =getfulness or indocility 9 ! s\l4 ,sid5ote3 ,intellig5ce is docility4 ,! idiot _c le>n f exp]i5ce at all1 because a new process1 9 8 liquid bra91 does n modify /ructure2 :ile ! fool uses :at he has le>n$ only inaptly & 9 frivol\s fragm5ts1 because 8 /ret*es ( l9k$ exp]i5ce are %ort & _! connections insecure4 ,b :5 ! c]ebral plasm is fre% & well dispos$ & :5 ! pa?s are cle>1 att5tion is consecutive & le>n+ easy2 a multitude ( details c be ga!r$ into a s+le cycle ( memory or ( pot5tial reg>d4 ,"u su* circum/ances action is ! unimp$$ expression ( heal?y in/9ct 9 an environm5t squ>ely fac$4 ,conduct f ! fir/ !n issues 9 progress1 &1 by re9=c+ its own organisation at ea* rehe>sal1 makes progress cont9ual4 ,= !re w subsi/ n only a read9ess to act & a great precision 9 action1 b if any significant circum/ance has v>i$ 9 ! conditions or 9 ! int]e/s at /ake1 ?is *ange w make itself felt2 x w *eck ! process & prev5t precipitate action4 ,delib]ation or well-f\nd$ scruple has ! same s\rce z facility--a pla/ic & quick organisation4 ,to be s5sitive to difficulties & dang]s goes ) be+ s5sitive to opportunities4 ,sid5ote3 ,art is reason propagat+ itself4 ,( all reason's embodim5ts art is !re=e ! mo/ spl5did & complete4 ,m]ely to atta9 categories by :i* inn] exp]i5ce may be articulat$1 or to feign analogies by :i* a univ]se may be conceiv$1 w\ld be b a vision>y triumph if x rema9$ ineffectual & w5t ) no actual remodell+ ( ! out] _w1 to r5d] man's dwell+ m appropriate & 8 m9d bett] f$ & m l>gely transmissible4 ,m9d gr[s self-p]petuat+ only by its expression 9 matt]4 ,:at makes progress possible is t rational action may leave traces 9 nature1 su* t nature 9 consequ5ce furni%es a bett] basis = ! ,life ( ,reason2 9 o!r words progress is art bett]+ ! conditions ( exi/5ce4 ,until art arises1 all a*ievem5t is int]nal to ! bra91 dies ) ! individual1 & ev5 9 him sp5ds itself )\t recov]y1 l music he>d 9 a dream4 ,art1 9 e/abli%+ in/rum5ts = human life beyond ! human body1 & m\ld+ out] ?+s into sympa?y ) inn] values1 e/abli%es a gr\nd :5ce values may cont9ually spr+ up2 ! ?at* t protects f to-day's ra9 w la/ & keep out to-morr['s ra9 also2 ! sign t once expresses an idea w s]ve to recall x 9 future4 ,n only does ! "w ( art ?us p]petuate its own function & produce a bett] exp]i5ce1 b ! process ( art also p]petuates itself1 because x is tea*able4 ,e animal le>ns some?+ by liv+2 b if 8 (fspr+ inh]it only :at he possess$ at bir?1 !y h to le>n life's lessons ov] aga9 f ! beg9n+1 ) at be/ "s vague help giv5 by _! p>5ts' example4 ,b :5 ! fruits ( exp]i5ce exi/ 9 ! common environm5t1 :5 new in/rum5ts1 unkn[n to nature1 are (f]$ to ea* individual = 8 bett] equipm5t1 al?\gh he mu/ /ill le>n = himself h[ to live1 he may le>n 9 a human] s*ool1 :]e artificial occasions are con/antly op5 to him = exp&+ 8 p[]s4 ,x is no long] m]ely hidd5 inn] processes t he mu/ reproduce to atta9 8 pr$ecessors' wisdom2 he may acquire mu* ( x m exp$iti\sly by imitat+ _! outw>d habit--an imitation :i*1 fur!rmore1 !y h "s means ( exact+ f him4 ,:]ev] !re is art !re is a possibility ( tra9+4 ,a fa!r :o calls 8 idle sons f ! jungle to help him hold ! pl\gh1 n only inures !m to lab\r b compels !m to obs]ve ! e>? upturn$ & refre%$1 & to wat* ! g]m9ation !re2 _! w&]+ ?\ght1 _! incipi5t rebellions1 w be met by ! hope ( h>ve/2 & x w n be impossible = !m1 :5 _! fa!r is dead1 to foll[ ! pl\gh ( _! own initiative & = _! own *ildr5's sake4 ,s great is ! su/a9$ advance 9 rationality made possible by art :i*1 be+ embodi$ 9 matt]1 is tea*able & transmissible by tra9+2 = 9 art ! values secur$ are recognis$ ! m easily = hav+ be5 fir/ enjoy$ :5 o!r p furni%$ ! means to !m2 :ile ! ma9t5ance ( ^! values is facilitat$ by an ext]nal tradition impos+ itself contagi\sly or by =ce on ea* new g5]ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,beauty an incid5t 9 rational art4 ,art is action :i* transc5d+ ! body makes ! _w a m cong5ial /imulus to ! s\l4 ,all art is !re=e useful & practical1 & ! notable /hetic value :i* "s works ( art possess1 = reasons fl[+ = ! mo/ "p out ( _! moral significance1 is itself "o ( ! satisfactions :i* art (f]s to human nature z a :ole4 ,betwe5 s5sation & ab/ract disc\rse lies a region ( deploy$ s5sibility or syn!tic repres5tation1 a region :]e m is se5 at arm's l5g? ?an 9 any "o mom5t c\ld be felt at close qu>t]s1 & yet :]e ! remote p>ts ( exp]i5ce1 :i* disc\rse rea*es only ?r\gh symbols1 are recov]$ & recompos$ 9 some?+ l _! native col\rs & exp]i5c$ relations4 ,?is region1 call$ imag9ation1 has pleasures m airy & lum9\s ?an ^? ( s5se1 m massive & raptur\s ?an ^? ( intellig5ce4 ,! values inh]5t 9 imag9ation1 9 in/ant intuition1 9 s5se end[$ ) =m1 are call$ /hetic values2 !y are f\nd ma9ly 9 nature & liv+ be+s1 b (t5 also 9 man's artificial works1 9 images evok$ by language1 & 9 ! realm ( s\nd4 ,sid5ote3 ,insep>able f ! o!rs4 ,productions 9 :i* an /hetic value is or is suppos$ to be prom95t take ! "n ( f9e art2 b ! "w ( f9e art s def9$ is almo/ always an ab/raction f ! actual object1 :i* has _m non-/hetic functions & values4 ,to sep>ate ! /hetic elem5t1 ab/ract & dep5d5t z x (t5 is1 is an artifice :i* is m mislead+ ?an helpful2 = nei!r 9 ! hi/ory ( art nor 9 a rational e/imate ( its value c ! /hetic function ( ?+s be divorc$ f ! practical & moral4 ,:at _h to be done 01 by imag9ative races1 done imag9atively2 :at _h to be spok5 or made1 0 spok5 or made fitly1 lov+ly1 beautifully4 ,or1 to take ! matt] up on its psy*ological side1 ! ceaseless exp]im5tation & f]m5t ( ideas1 9 bre$+ :at x _h a prop5sity to bre$1 came sometimes on figm5ts t gave x delightful pause2 ^! beauties 7 ! fir/ kn[l$ges & ^! arre/s ! fir/ h9ts ( real & useful ?+s4 ,! rose's grace c\ld m easily be pluck$ f its petals ?an ! beauty ( art f its subject1 occasion1 & use4 ,an /hetic fragrance1 inde$1 all ?+s may h1 if 9 solicit+ man's s5ses or reason !y c awak5 8 imag9ation z well2 b ?is middle zone is s mix$ & nebul\s1 & its limits are s vague1 t x _c well be treat$ 9 !ory o!rwise ?an z x exi/s 9 fact--z a phase ( man's sympa?y ) ! _w he moves 94 ,if art is t elem5t 9 ! ,life ( ,reason :i* consi/s 9 modify+ its environm5t ! bett] to atta9 its end1 art may be expect$ to subs]ve all p>ts ( ! human ideal1 to increase man's com=t1 k1 & delight4 ,& z nature1 9 h] measure1 is wont to satisfy ^! int]e/s toge!r1 s art1 9 seek+ to increase t satisfaction1 w "w simultane\sly 9 e ideal direction4 ,nor w any ( ^! directions be on ! :ole good1 or tempt a well-tra9$ w1 if x leads to e/rangem5t f all o!r int]e/s4 ,! /hetic good w be accord+ly hat*$ 9 ! same ne/ ) ! o!rs1 & incapable ( fly+ f> 9 a diff]5t air4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,rationality ,,( ,,indu/rial ,,art ,sid5ote3 ,utility is ultimately ideal4 ,if !re 7 any?+ :olly in/rum5tal or m]ely useful its rationality1 su* z x 01 w\ld be p]fectly obvi\s4 ,su* a ?+ w\ld be exhau/ively def9$ by its result & condition$ exclusively by its exp$i5cy4 ,yet ! value ( mo/ human arts1 me*anical z !y may appe>1 has a some:at d\btful & mix$ "*4 ,naval ar*itecture1 = in/ance1 s]ves a cle> imm$iate purpose4 ,yet to cross ! sea is n an ultimate good1 & ! ambition or curiosity t fir/ l$ man1 be+ a l&-animal1 to t n[ vulg> adv5ture1 has sometimes f\nd morali/s to condemn x4 ,a vessel's true excell5ce is m deeply condition$ ?an ! %ip-wright may imag9e :5 he prides himself on hav+ made some?+ t w float & g4 ,! be/ battle-%ip1 or rac+ ya*t1 or freight /eam]1 might turn out to be a worse ?+ = its specific excell5ce1 if ! action x facilitat$ prov$ on ! :ole malefic5t1 & if w> or rac+ or trade c\ld be rightly condemn$ by a philosoph]4 ,! rationality ( %ip-build+ has sev]al sets ( conditions3 ! patron's dem&s mu/ be fir/ fulfill$2 !n ! patron's specifications h to be judg$ by ! purpose he 9 turn has 9 m9d2 ?is purpose itself has to be ju/ifi$ by 8 ideal 9 life1 & f9ally 8 ideal by its adequacy to 8 total or ultimate nature4 ,error on any ( ^! planes makes ! ultimate product irrational2 & if a f9] in/9ct1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( absorb+ subsidi>y action1 w>ns a man t he is work+ aga9/ 8 highe/ good1 8 art w lose its sav\r & its mo/ skilful products w gr[ hateful1 ev5 to 8 imm$iate appreh5sion1 infect$ z !y w be by ! cank] ( folly4 ,sid5ote3 ,"w wa/$ & *ances miss$4 ,art ?us has its casui/ry no less ?an morals1 & philosoph]s 9 ! future1 if man %\ld at la/ h ceas$ to battle ) gho/s1 might be call$ ^u to review mat]ial civilisation f its beg9n+s1 te/+ ea* complication by its kn[n ultimate fruits & rea*+ 9 ?is way a purifi$ & organic ideal ( human indu/ry1 an ideal :i* education & political action might help to embody4 ,if nak$ness or a s+le g>m5t 7 %[n to be :olesom] & m agreeable ?an complicat$ clo!s1 weav]s & tailors might be notably dim9i%$ 9 numb]4 ,if1 9 ano!r qu>t]1 popul> fancy %\ld sick5 at la/ ( its traditional r\nd ( games & fictions1 x might discov] inf9ite ent]ta9m5t 9 ! play ( reality & tru?1 & inf9ite novelties to be creat$ by fruitful lab\r2 s t _m a pleasure might be f\nd :i* is n[ clogg$ by m]e apa?y & un9tellig5ce4 ,human g5ius1 l a fooli% ,endymion1 lies fa/ asleep amid its opportunities1 wa/+ itself 9 dreams & dis9h]it+ itself by neglig5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,ideals mu/ be int]pret$1 n prescrib$4 ,descriptive economy1 h[ev]1 w h to make great progress be=e ! concrete e?ics ( art c be prop]ly compos$4 ,hi/ory1 conceiv$ hi!rto z a b>b>\s romance1 does n furni% suffici5t data by :i* ! happ9ess ( life "u v>i\s conditions may be sob]ly e/imat$4 ,politics has rec$$ into ! region ( bl9d impulse & factional int]e/s1 & w\ld ne$ to be recon/itut$ be=e x c\ld approa* aga9 t sci5tific problem :i* ,socrates & 8 great disciples w\ld h wi%$ x to solve4 ,meantime x may n be premature to say some?+ ab\t ano!r factor 9 practical philosophy1 namely1 ! ultimate int]e/s by :i* indu/rial arts & _! products h to be e/imat$4 ,ev5 be=e we "k ! exact effects ( an in/itution we c fix to "s ext5t ! purposes :i*1 9 ord] to be b5efic5t1 x w h to subs]ve1 al?\gh 9 tru? su* antec$5t fix+ ( aims _c g f>1 see+ t e op]ation reacts on ! organ t executes x1 !reby modify+ ! ideal involv$4 ,d\btless ! mo/ indu/rial p w\ld /ill wi% to be happy & might accord+ly lay d[n c]ta9 pr9ciples :i* its indu/ry %\ld nev] transgress1 z = in/ance t production %\ld at any price leave room = lib]ty1 leisure1 beauty1 & a _s ( g5]al co-op]ation & goodwill4 ,b a p once hav+ become indu/rial w h>dly be happy if s5t back to ,arcadia2 x w h =m$ busy habits :i* x _c relax )\t t$ium2 x w h develop$ a re/lessness & avidity :i* w crave matt]1 l any o!r k9d ( hung]4 ,e exp]im5t 9 liv+ qualifies ! initial possibilities ( life1 & ! morali/ w\ld reckon )\t 8 ho/ if he did n all[ = ! *ange :i* =c$ ex]cise makes 9 in/9ct1 adju/+ x m or less to extant conditions orig9ally1 p]haps1 unwelcome4 ,x is too late = ! highe/ good to prescribe fly+ = quadrup$s or peace = ! sea waves4 ,:at antec$5t int]e/ does me*anical art subs]ve8 ,:at is ! initial & comm&+ ideal ( life by :i* all indu/rial developm5ts are to be prov$ rational or condemn$ z va98 ,if we look to ! mo/ sordid & in/rum5tal ( indu/ries we see t _! purpose is to produce a =eorda9$ result ) ! m9imum ( ef=t4 ,!y s]ve1 9 a ^w1 to *eap5 commodities4 ,b ! value ( su* an a*ievem5t is cle>ly n f9al2 x hangs on two und]ly+ ideals1 "o dem&+ abundance 9 ! ?+s produc$ & ! o!r dim9ution 9 ! toil requir$ to produce !m4 ,at lea/ ! latt] int]e/ may 9 turn be analys$ fur!r1 = to dim9i% toil is itself no absolute good2 x is a good only :5 su* dim9ution 9 "o sph]e lib]ates en]gies :i* may be employ$ 9 o!r fields1 s t ! total human accompli%m5t may be great]4 ,d\btless useful lab\r has its natural limits1 = if ov]done any activity may impair ! p[] ( enjoy+ bo? its fruits & its op]ation4 ,yet 9 s f> z lab\r c become spontane\s & 9 itself delightful x is a positive b5efit2 & to its intr9sic value mu/ be add$ all ^? possessions or useful dispositions :i* x may secure4 ,?us "o ideal--to dim9i% lab\r--falls back into ! o!r--to diffuse occasions = enjoym5t4 ,! aim is n to curtail occupation b r to r5d] occupation lib]al by supply+ x ) m appropriate objects4 ,sid5ote3 ,! aim ( indu/ry is to live well4 ,x is !n lib]al life1 fo/]$ by indu/ry & comm]ce or involv$ 9 !m1 t alone c ju/ify ^! in/rum5tal pursuits4 ,^? philosoph]s ^: e?ics is no?+ b s5tim5tal physics l to po9t out t happ9ess arises out ( "w & t compulsory activities1 dutifully p]=m$1 und]lie fre$om4 ,( c\rse matt] or =ce und]lies ev]y?+2 b rationality does n accrue to _s because me*anism supports x2 x accrues to me*anism 9 s f> z _s is !reby call$ into exi/5ce2 s t :ile values d]ive exi/5ce only f _! causes1 causes d]ive value only f _! results4 ,functions _c be ex]cis$ until _! organs exi/ & are 9 op]ation1 s t :at is prim>y 9 ! ord] ( g5esis is always la/ & mo/ dep5d5t 9 ! ord] ( wor?4 ,! prim>y sub/ance ( ?+s is _! m]e mat]ial2 _! fir/ cause is _! l[e/ in/rum5t4 ,matt] has only ! values ( ! =ms :i* x assumes1 & :ile ea* /ratification may create "s intr9sic ideal & a*ieve "s good1 ^! goods are dull & fleet+ 9 proportion to _! rudim5t>y "* & _! ne>ness to protoplasmic ?rills4 ,:]e reason exi/s life _c1 inde$1 be altoge!r slavi%2 = any op]ation1 h[ev] m5ial & fragm5t>y1 :5 x is accompani$ by ideal repres5tation ( ! ends pursu$ & by felt success 9 atta9+ !m1 becomes a sample & anagram ( all fre$om4 ,nev]!less to arre/ att5tion on a means is really illib]al1 ?\gh n s mu* by :at su* an int]e/ conta9s z by :at x ignores4 ,happ9ess 9 a treadmill is f> f inconceivable2 b = t happ9ess to be rational ! :eel %\ld be no?+ less ?an ! :ole sky f :i* influ5ces c desc5d ^u u4 ,!re w\ld be meanness ( s\l 9 be+ cont5t ) a small] sph]e1 s t n ev]y?+ t 0 relevant to our welf>e %\ld be envisag$ 9 our ?\ghts & purposes4 ,to be absorb$ by ! incid5tal is ! animal's portion2 to be conf9$ to ! in/rum5tal is ! slave's4 ,= ?\gh )9 su* activity !re may be a rational movem5t1 ! activity ends 9 a fog & 9 m]e physical drift+4 ,happ9ess has to be begg$ ( =tune or f\nd 9 my/ical indiff]5ce3 x is n yet subt5d$ by rational art4 ,sid5ote3 ,"s arts1 b no m51 are slaves by nature4 ,! ,ari/otelian !ory ( slav]y1 9 mak+ s]vile action :olly subs]vi5t1 s9s inde$ aga9/ p]sons1 b n aga9/ arts4 ,x s9s aga9/ p]sons because !re is inconsid]ate ha/e 9 ass]t+ t :ole classes ( m5 are capable ( no activities1 except ! physical1 :i* ju/ify !mselves inh]5tly4 ,! l[] animals also h physical int]e/s & natural emotions4 ,a man1 if he des]ves ! "n1 mu/ be cr$it$ ) "s rational capacity3 prospect & retrospect1 hope & ! ideal portraiture ( ?+s1 mu/ to "s ext5t employ him4 ,fre$om to cultivate ^! int]e/s is !n 8 inh]5t "r4 ,z ! lion v9dicates 8 pr]ogative to f]ocity & dignity1 s e rational creature v9dicates 8 pr]ogative to spiritual fre$om4 ,b a too summ>y classification ( individuals cov]s1 9 ,ari/otle1 a j discrim9ation among ! arts4 ,9 s f> z a man's occupation is m]ely in/rum5tal & ju/ifi$ only ext]nally1 he is obvi\sly a slave & 8 art at be/ an evil necessity4 ,= ! op]ation is by hypo!sis n its own end2 & if ! product1 ne$ful = "s ult]ior purpose1 _h be5 f\nd ready made 9 nature1 ! o!r & self-ju/ify+ activities c\ld h gone on unimp$$1 )\t ! arre/ or dislocation :i* is involv$ 9 fir/ e/abli%+ ! ne$ful conditions = "r action4 ,if air _h to be manufactur$1 z dwell+s mu/ be1 or brea?+ to be le>n$ l spee*1 mank9d w\ld />t ) an ev5 great] h&icap & w\ld nev] h come )9 sight ( su* goals z x c n[ pursue4 ,?us all in/rum5tal & rem$ial arts1 h[ev] indisp5sable1 are pure burd5s2 & progress consi/s 9 abridg+ !m z mu* z is possible )\t contract+ ! basis = moral life4 ,sid5ote3 ,s]vile arts may gr[ spontane\s or _! products may be r5\nc$4 ,?is ne$ful abridgm5t c take place 9 two directions4 ,! art may become in/9ctive1 unconsci\s ( ! utility t backs x & consci\s only ( ! solicitation t leads x on4 ,9 t measure human nature is adapt$ to its conditions2 lessons long dictat$ by exp]i5ce are actually le>n$ & become h]$it>y habits4 ,s incl9ation to hunt & fondness = nurs+ *ildr5 h pass$ into in/9cts 9 ! human race2 & :at if x 7 a =c$ art w\ld be s]vile1 by becom+ spontane\s has ris5 to be an +r$i5t 9 ideal life2 = sport & mat]nity are human ideals4 ,9 an opposite direction s]vile arts may be abridg$ by a lapse ( ! dem& :i* requir$ !m4 ,! s]vile art ( v9e-dress]s1 = in/ance1 w\ld meet su* a fate if ! c\rse ( hi/ory1 in/ead ( t5d+ to make ! v9tage an ideal episode & to create wor%ipp]s ( ,bac*us & ,priapus1 t5d$ r to br+ ab\t a di/a/e = w9e & made ! :ole indu/ry sup]flu\s4 ,?is solution is c]ta9ly less happy ?an ! o!r1 insomu* z x suppresses a function in/ead ( tak+ x up into organic life2 yet life to be organic has to be exclusive & f9ite2 x has to "w out specific t5d5cies 9 a specific environm5t2 & !re=e to surr5d] a p>ticul> imp$$ impulse may involve a cle> ga91 if only a comp5sat+ unimp$$ good !reby comes to light else:]e4 ,if w9e disappe>$1 ) all its humane & symbolic consecrations1 t loss might br+ an ultimate ga91 c\ld "s less trea*]\s fri5d ( frankness & m]rim5t be !reby br\ght into ! _w4 ,9 practice s]vile art is usually mitigat$ by comb9+ ^! two me?ods2 ! dem& subs]v$1 be+ b ill support$1 le>ns to re/ra9 itself & be less importunate2 :ile at ! same "t habit r5d]s ! lab\r :i* 0 once unwill+ l>gely automatic1 & ev5 ov]lays x ) ideal associations4 ,human nature is happily ela/ic2 !re is h>dly a ne$ t may n be muffl$ or susp5d$1 & h>dly an employm5t t may n be reliev$ by ! automatic int]e/ ) :i* x comes to be pursu$4 ,to ?is automatic int]e/ o!r palliatives are (t5 add$1 sometimes religion1 sometimes m]e dulness & resignation2 b 9 ^! cases ! evil impos$ is m]ely c\nt]balanc$ or =gott51 x is n rem$i$4 ,reflective & spiritual races m9imise lab\r by r5unciation1 = !y f9d x easi] to give up its fruits ?an to ju/ify its exactions4 ,among en]getic & self-will$ m51 on ! contr>y1 ! dem& = mat]ial progress rema9s pr$om9ant1 & philosophy dwells by pref]5ce on ! possibility t a viol5t & cont9ual subjection 9 ! pres5t might issue 9 a glori\s future dom9ion4 ,?is possible result 0 h>dly realis$ by ! ,jews1 nor long ma9ta9$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans1 & x rema9s to be se5 :e!r mod]n indu/rialism c a*ieve x4 ,9 fact1 we may suspect t success only comes :5 a nation's ext]nal task happ5s to co9cide ) its natural g5ius1 s t a m9imum ( its lab\r is s]vile & a maximum ( its play is b5eficial4 ,x is 9 su* cases t we f9d colossal a*ievem5ts & app>5tly inexhau/ible en]gies4 ,prosp]ity is inde$ ! basis ( e ideal atta9m5t1 s t prematurely to recoil f h>d%ip1 or to be habitually consci\s ( h>d%ip at all1 am\nts to r5\nc+ be=eh& all e>?ly goods & all *ance ( spiritual greatness4 ,yet a *ance is no c]ta9ty4 ,:5 glory requires ,titanic lab\rs x (t5 f9ds itself 9 ! end buri$ "u a pyramid r ?an rais$ ^u a p$e/al4 ,en]gies :i* are n f ! beg9n+ self-ju/ify+ & flood$ ) light seldom lead to ideal greatness4 ,sid5ote3 ,art />ts f two pot5tialities3 its mat]ial & its problem4 ,! action to :i* indu/ry %\ld m9i/] is accord+ly lib]al or spontane\s action2 & ?is "o condition ( rationality 9 f two ! arts4 ,b a second condition is implicit 9 ! fir/3 fre$om means fre$om 9 "s op]ation1 ideality means ! ideality ( some?+ embodi$ & mat]ial4 ,activity1 a*ievem5t1 a passage f prospect to realisation1 is evid5tly ess5tial to life4 ,if all ends 7 already rea*$1 & no art 7 requisite1 life c\ld n exi/ at all1 mu* less a ,life ( ,reason4 ,no politics1 no morals1 no ?\ght w\ld be possible1 = all ^! move t[>ds "s ideal & envisage a goal to :i* !y pres5tly pass4 ,! transition is ! activity1 )\t :i* a*ievem5t w\ld lose its ze/ & inde$ its mean+2 = a situation c\ld nev] be a*iev$ :i* _h be5 giv5 f all et]nity4 ,! ideal is a concomitant emanation f ! natural & has no o!r possible /atus4 ,^? human possessions :i* are p]5nial & ( inali5able value are 9 a mann] pot5tial possessions only4 ,k1 art1 love are always l>gely 9 abeyance1 :ile p[] is absolutely synonym\s ) pot5tiality4 ,fruition requires a cont9ual recov]y1 a repeat$ re-e/abli%m5t ( ! /ate we enjoy4 ,s brea? & nutrition1 feel+ & ?\ght1 come 9 pulsations2 !y h only a p]iodic & rhy?mic sort ( actuality4 ,! op]ation may be su/a9$ indef9itely1 b only if x admits a c]ta9 int]nal oscillation4 ,a creature l man1 ^: mode ( be+ is a life or exp]i5ce & n a congeal$ ideality1 su* z et]nal tru? might %[1 mu/ accord+ly f9d some?+ to d2 he mu/ op]ate 9 an environm5t 9 :i* ev]y?+ is n already :at he is pres5tly to make x4 ,9 ! actual _w ?is fir/ condition ( life is only too amply fulfill$2 ! real difficulty 9 man's e/ate1 ! true dang] to 8 vitality1 lies n 9 want ( "w b 9 s colossal a disproportion betwe5 dem& & opportunity t ! ideal is /unn$ out ( exi/5ce & p]i%es = want ( hope4 ,! ,life ( ,reason is cont9ually beat5 back ^u its animal s\rces1 & nations are subm]g$ 9 deluge aft] deluge ( b>b>ism4 ,impress$ z we may well be by ?is anci5t exp]i5ce1 we %\ld n ov]look ! complem5t>y tru? :i* "u m fav\rable circum/ances w\ld be z pla9 z ! o!r3 namely1 t our deepe/ int]e/ is aft] all to live1 & we c\ld n live if all acquisition1 assimilation1 gov]nm5t1 & creation _h be5 made impossible = u by _! =egone realisation1 s t e op]ation 0 =e/all$ by ! giv5 fact4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! ideal & ! real is "o :i* ! human ideal itself insi/s %\ld be pres]v$4 ,x is an ess5tial expression ( life1 & its disappe>ance w\ld be tantam\nt to dea?1 mak+ an end to volunt>y transition & ideal repres5tation4 ,all objects envisag$ ei!r 9 vulg> action or 9 ! airie/ cognition mu/ be at fir/ ideal & di/9ct f ! giv5 facts1 o!rwise action w\ld h lo/ its function at ! same mom5t t ?\ght lo/ its significance4 ,all life w\ld h collaps$ into a purposeless datum4 ,! ideal requires1 !n1 t opportunities %\ld be (f]$ = realis+ x ?r\gh action1 & t transition %\ld be possible to x f a giv5 /ate ( ?+s4 ,"o =m ( su* transition is art1 :]e ! ideal is a possible & m excell5t =m to be giv5 to "s ext]nal sub/ance or m$ium4 ,art ne$s to f9d a mat]ial relatively =mless :i* its bus9ess is to %ape2 & ?is initial =mlessness 9 matt] is ess5tial to art's exi/5ce4 ,7 !re no /one n yet sculptur$ & built into walls1 no s5tim5t n yet p]fectly utt]$ 9 poetry1 no di/ance or oblivion yet to be aboli%$ by motion or inf]5tial ?\ght1 activity ( all sorts w\ld h lo/ its occasion4 ,matt]1 or actuality 9 :at is only pot5tially ideal1 is !re=e a necess>y condition = realis+ an ideal at all4 ,sid5ote3 ,ea* mu/ be def9ite & congru\s ) ! o!r4 ,?is pot5tiality1 h[ev]1 9 s f> z ! ideal requires x1 is a q def9ite disposition4 ,absolute *aos w\ld defeat life z surely z w\ld absolute ideality4 ,activity1 9 presuppos+ mat]ial conditions1 presupposes !m to be fav\rable1 s t a movem5t t[>ds ! ideal may actually take place4 ,matt]1 :i* f ! po9t ( view ( a giv5 ideal is m]ely its pot5tiality1 is 9 itself ! pot5tiality ( e o!r ideal z well2 x is accord+ly responsible to no ideal 9 p>ticul> & proves 9 "s measure refractory to all4 ,x makes itself felt1 ei!r z an opportune mat]ial or z an accid5tal h9drance1 only :5 x already possesses def9ite =m & aff9ities2 giv5 9 a c]ta9 quantity1 quality1 & ord]1 matt] fe$s ! specific life :i*1 if giv5 o!rwise1 x w\ld imp$e or smo!r altoge!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,a sophism expos$ ,art1 9 call+ = mat]ials1 calls = mat]ials pla/ic to its influ5ce & def9itely pr$ispos$ to its ends4 ,unsuitabl5ess 9 ! data f> f gr\nd+ action r5d]s x abortive1 & no exp$i5t c\ld be m sophi/ical ?an t into :i* !odicy1 9 its desp]ate /raits1 has sometimes be5 driv51 ( try+ to ju/ify z conditions = ideal a*ievem5t ! v conditions :i* make ideal a*ievem5t impossible4 ,! giv5 /ate f :i* transition is to take place to ! ideal mu/ support t transition2 s t ! desirable want ( ideality :i* pla/ic matt] %\ld possess is m]ely relative & /rictly det]m9$4 ,art & reason f9d 9 nature ! backgr\nd !y require2 b nature1 to be :olly ju/ifi$ by its ideal functions1 w\ld h to subs]ve !m p]fectly4 ,x w\ld h to (f] to reason & art a suffici5t & fav\rable basis2 x w\ld h to fe$ s5se ) ! "r /imuli at ! "r int]vals1 s t art & reason might cont9ually fl\ri% & be always mov+ to "s new success4 ,a poet ne$s emotions & p]ceptions to translate into language1 s9ce ^! are 8 subject-matt] & 8 inspiration2 b />vation1 physical or moral1 w n help him to s+4 ,"o ?+ is to meet ) ! conditions inh]5tly necess>y = a giv5 action2 ano!r ?+ is to meet ) ob/acles fatal to ! same4 ,a propiti\s =mlessness 9 matt] is no sort ( evil2 & evil is s f> f be+ a propiti\s =mlessness 9 matt] t x is r an imp$+ =m :i* matt] has already assum$4 ,sid5ote3 ,indu/ry prep>es matt] = ! lib]al arts4 ,out ( ?is appe>s1 ) suffici5t cle>ness1 ! rational function :i* ! arts possess4 ,!y give1 z nature does1 a =m to matt]1 b !y give x a m propiti\s =m4 ,su* success 9 art is possible only :5 ! mat]ials & organs at h& are 9 a l>ge measure already well dispos$2 = x c z little exi/ ) a dull organ z ) no organ at all1 :ile !re are w9ds 9 :i* e sail mu/ be furl$4 ,art dep5ds ^u pr(it+ by a bonanza & le>n+ to sail 9 a good breeze1 /rong en\gh = spe$ & consci\s p[] b placable en\gh = dom9ion & lib]ty ( s\l4 ,!n p]fection 9 action c be atta9$ & a self-ju/ify+ en]gy c em]ge out ( apa?y on ! "o h& & out ( s]vile & wa/eful "w on ! o!r4 ,art has accord+ly two /ages3 "o me*anical or indu/rial1 9 :i* unt[>d matt] is bett] prep>$1 or imp$+ m$ia are ov]come2 ! o!r lib]al1 9 :i* p]fectly fit matt] is appropriat$ to ideal uses & end[$ ) a direct spiritual function4 ,a premonition or rehe>sal ( ^! two /ages may be se5 9 nature1 :]e nutrition & reproduction fit ! body = its ideal functions1 :]eupon s5sation & c]ebration make x a direct organ ( m9d4 ,indu/ry m]ely gives nature t =m :i*1 if m ?or\ghly humane1 %e might h orig9ally possess$ = our b5efit2 lib]al arts br+ to spiritual fruition ! matt] :i* ei!r nature or indu/ry has prep>$ & r5d]$ propiti\s4 ,?is spiritual fruition consi/s 9 ! activity ( turn+ an apt mat]ial into an expressive & delightful =m1 ?us fill+ ! _w ) objects :i* by symbolis+ ideal en]gies t5d to revive !m "u a fav\r+ influ5ce & !re=e to /r5g!n & ref9e !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,ea* p>takes ( ! o!r ,x rema9s m]ely to note t all indu/ry conta9s an elem5t ( f9e art & all f9e art an elem5t ( indu/ry2 s9ce e proximate end1 9 be+ atta9$1 satisfies ! m9d & manife/s ! int5t t pursu$ x2 :ile e op]ation ^u a mat]ial1 ev5 "o s volatile z s\nd1 f9ds t mat]ial some:at refractory4 ,be=e ! product c atta9 its ideal function _m ob/acles to its transp>5cy & fitness h to be remov$4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( te*nical & in/rum5tal lab\r is ?us involv$ 9 e "w ( g5ius1 & a c]ta9 g5ius 9 e te*nical success4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,em]g5ce ,,( ,,f9e ,,art ,sid5ote3 ,art is spontane\s action made /able by success4 ,action :i* is purely spontane\s is m]ely t5tative4 ,any exp]i5ce ( success or utility :i* might h prec$$1 if x avail$ to make action sure1 w\ld avail to make x also int5tional & consci\s ( its ult]ior results4 ,n[ ! actual issue :i* an action is de/9$ to h1 s9ce x is some?+ future & problematical1 c ex]t no influ5ce on its own antec$5ts2 b if any picture ( :at ! issue is likely to be accompanies ! heat & mom5tum ( action1 t picture be+1 ( all antec$5ts 9 ! op]ation1 ! "o mo/ easily rememb]$ & describ$1 may be pick$ out z ess5tial1 & dignifi$ ) ! "n ( motive or cause4 ,?is w n happ5 to e prophetic idea2 we may live 9 fe> & trembl+ z easily z ) an arrogant consci\sness ( p[]4 ,! diff]5ce fl[s f ! great] or less] aff9ity t happ5s to exi/ betwe5 expectation & in/9ct4 ,action rema9s always1 9 its initial phase1 spontane\s & automatic2 x reta9s an inw>dly gr\nd$ & p]fectly bl9d t5d5cy ( its own2 b ?is t5d5cy may agree or cla% ) ! motor impulses subt5d+ :atev] ideas may at ! same "t p ! fancy4 ,if ! bl9d & ! ideal impulses agree1 spontane\s action is volunt>y & its result int5tional2 if !y cla%1 ! ideas rema9 speculative & idle1 r&om1 ineffectual wi%es2 :ile ! result1 n be+ ref]able to any idea1 is put d[n to fate4 ,! s5se ( p[]1 accord+ly1 %[s ei!r t ev5ts h l>gely satisfi$ desire1 s t natural t5d5cy goes h& 9 h& ) ! sugge/ions ( exp]i5ce1 or else t exp]i5ce has n be5 all[$ to c\nt at all & t ! future is be+ pa9t$ a priori4 ,9 ! latt] case ! s5se ( p[] is illusory4 ,action w !n nev] really issue 9 ! way int5d$1 & ev5 ?\ght w only seem to make progress by con/antly =gett+ its orig9al direction4 ,?\gh life1 h[ev]1 is initially exp]im5tal & always rema9s exp]im5tal at bottom1 yet exp]im5t =tifies c]ta9 t5d5cies & cancels o!rs1 s t a gradual s$im5t ( habit & wisdom is =m$ 9 ! /ream ( "t4 ,action !n ceases to be m]ely t5tative & spontane\s1 & becomes art4 ,=esight beg9s to accompany practice &1 z we say1 to guide x4 ,purpose ?us sup]v5es on useful impulse1 & consci\s expression on self-su/a9+ automatism4 ,art lies betwe5 two extremes4 ,on ! "o side is purely spontane\s fancy1 :i* w\ld nev] =esee its own works & sc>cely recognise or value !m aft] !y _h be5 creat$1 s9ce at ! next mom5t ! imag9ative curr5t w\ld z likely z n h fac$ ab\t & might be mak+ 9 ! opposite direction2 & on ! o!r side is pure utility1 :i* w\ld deprive ! "w ( all inh]5t ideality1 & r5d] x inexpressive ( any?+ 9 man save 8 necessities4 ,w>1 = in/ance1 is an art :51 hav+ set itself an ideal end1 x devises means ( atta9+ x2 b ?is ideal end has = its *ief basis "s failure 9 politics & morals4 ,w> m>ks a weakness & disease 9 human society1 & its be/ triumphs are glori\s evils--cruel & trea*]\s rem$ies1 big ) new g]ms ( disease4 ,w> is accord+ly a s]vile art & n ess5tially lib]al2 :atev] inh]5t values its ex]cise may h w\ld bett] be realis$ 9 ano!r m$ium4 ,yet out ( ! pomp & circum/ance ( w> f9e arts may arise--music1 arm\ry1 h]aldry1 & eloqu5ce4 ,s utility leads to art :5 its vehicle acquires intr9sic value & becomes expressive4 ,on ! o!r h&1 spontane\s action leads to art :5 x acquires a rational function4 ,?us utt]ance1 :i* is prim>ily automatic1 becomes ! art ( spee* :5 x s]ves to m>k crises 9 exp]i5ce1 mak+ !m m memorable & influ5tial ?r\gh _! artificial expression2 b expression is nev] art :ile x rema9s expressive to no purpose4 ,sid5ote3 ,x comb9es utility & automatism4 ,a good way ( und]/&+ ! f9e arts w\ld be to /udy h[ !y gr[1 n[ out ( utility1 n[ out ( automatism4 ,we %\ld ?us see m cle>ly h[ !y approa* _! goal1 :i* c be no?+ b ! complete sup]position ( ^! two *>act]s4 ,if all practice 7 art & all art p]fect1 no action w\ld rema9 compulsory & n ju/ifi$ inh]5tly1 :ile no creative impulse w\ld any long] be wa/eful or1 l ! impulse to ?rum1 symptomatic m]ely & irrelevant to progress4 ,x is by contribut+ to ! ,life ( ,reason & m]g+ into its sub/ance t art1 l religion or sci5ce1 fir/ becomes wor?y ( praise4 ,ea* elem5t comes f a diff]5t qu>t]1 br++ its specific excell5ce & ne$+ its peculi> purification & enlight5m5t1 by co-ord9ation ) all ! o!rs2 & ?is process ( enlight5m5t & purification is :at we call developm5t 9 ea* dep>tm5t4 ,! meane/ arts are ^? :i* lie ne> ! limit ei!r ( utility or ( automatic self-expression4 ,!y become nobl] & m rational z _! utility is r5d]$ spontane\s or _! spontaneity b5efic5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,automatism fundam5tal & irresponsible4 ,! spontane\s arts are old] ?an ! useful1 s9ce man mu/ live & act be=e he c devise in/rum5ts = liv+ & act+ bett]4 ,bo? ! p[] to con/ruct ma*9es & ! end :i*1 to be useful1 !y w\ld h to s]ve1 ne$ to be giv5 9 initial impulse4 ,!re is accord+ly a va/ am\nt ( irresponsible play & loose exp]im5t 9 art1 z 9 consci\sness1 be=e ^! grop+s acquire a settl$ habit & function1 & rationality beg9s4 ,! f>!r back we g into b>b>ism ! m we f9d life & m9d busi$ ) luxuries2 & ?\gh ^! indulg5ces may repel a cultivat$ ta/e & seem 9 ! end cruel & monoton\s1 _! /atus is really ne>] to t ( religion & spontane\s art ?an to t ( useful art or ( sci5ce4 ,c]emony1 = in/ance1 is compulsory 9 society & sometimes truly oppressive1 yet its root lies 9 self-expression & 9 a c]ta9 asc5d5cy ( play :i* drags all life along into conv5tional *annels orig9ally dug out 9 irresponsible bur/s ( action4 ,?is occurs inevitably & accord+ to physical analogies4 ,bodily organs gr[ automatically & become necess>y m\lds ( life4 ,we mu/ ei!r f9d a use = !m or be> z be/ we may ! idle burd5 !y impose4 ,( su* burd5s ! b>b>ian c>ries ! greate/ possible sum2 & :ile he pa9ts ! heav5s ) 8 grotesque my?ologies1 he encumb]s e>? ) inv5tions & prescriptions almo/ z gratuit\s4 ,! fi5di% dances & %\ts1 ! cruel initiations1 mutilations1 & sacrifices 9 :i* savages indulge1 are n plann$ by !m delib]ately nor ju/ifi$ 9 reflection4 ,m5 f9d !mselves fall+ into ^! practices1 driv5 by a tradition h>dly di/+ui%able f in/9ct4 ,9 its p]iodic fury ! _s hurries !m into w>s & orgies1 q z x k9dles sudd5 flam+ visions 9 _! bra9s1 habitually s torpid4 ,! spontane\s is ! wor/ ( tyrants1 = x ex]cises a ne$less & fruitless tyranny 9 ! guise ( duty & inspiration4 ,)\t mitigat+ 9 ! lea/ ! subjection to ext]nal =ces "u :i* man necess>ily lab\rs1 x adds a new artificial subjection to 8 own false /eps & *ildi% errors4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is tam$ by contact ) ! _w4 ,?is m5tal vegetation1 ?is fitful n]v\s grop+1 is nev]!less a sign ( life1 out ( :i* art em]ges by discipl9e & by a gradual application to real issues4 ,an arti/ is a dream] cons5t+ to dream ( ! actual _w2 he is a highly sugge/ible m9d hypnotis$ by reality4 ,ev5 b>b>ic g5ius may f9d po9ts ( application 9 ! _w4 ,^! po9ts w be m num]\s ! m op5 ! eyes h be51 ! m docile & intellig5t ! m9d is t ga!rs & r5d]s back its impressions 9 a syn!tic & ideal =m4 ,intuition w !n repres5t1 at lea/ symbolically1 an actual situation4 ,grimace & ge/ure & c]emony w be modifi$ by a s5se ( _! effect2 !y w become artful & w trans=m _! automatic expressiv5ess into ideal expression4 ,!y w become significant ( :at x is int5d$ to communicate & important to "k2 !y w h ceas$ to be irresponsible ex]cises & v5ts = pass+ feel+1 by :i* feel+ is dissipat$1 z 9 te>s1 )\t be+ embodi$ & intellectualis$1 z 9 a "w ( art4 ,sid5ote3 ,! dance4 ,sid5ote3 ,functions ( ge/ure4 ,! dance is an e>ly practice t passes aft] ?is fa%ion into an art4 ,a pranc+ /allion may transfigure 8 movem5ts m beautifully ?an man is capable ( do+2 = ! spr+s & limits ( effect are ?r\gh\t me*anical1 & man1 9 m ?an "o respect1 w\ld h to become a c5taur be=e he c\ld rival ! horse's pr[ess4 ,human in/9ct is v imp]fect 9 ?is direction1 & gr[s less happy ! m artificial society becomes2 mo/ dances1 ev5 ! savage ones1 are some:at ridicul\s4 ,a rudim5t>y in/9ct none ! less rema9s1 :i* n only involves a faculty ( height5$ & rhy?mic motion1 b also assures a direct appreciation ( su* motion :5 se5 9 o!rs4 ,! consci\s agility1 f\gue1 & precision :i* fill ! p]=m] become contagi\s & delight ! spectator z well4 ,!re are inde$ dances s ugly t1 l ^? ( contempor>y society1 !y _c be enjoy$ unless !y are %>$2 !y yield pleasures ( ex]cise only1 or at be/ ( movem5t 9 unison4 ,b :5 man 0 ne>] to ! animal & 8 body & s\l 7 9 happi] conjunction1 :5 society1 too1 0 m compulsive ov] ! individual1 he c\ld l5d himself m will+ly & gracefully to be+ a figure 9 ! g5]al pageant ( ! _w4 ,! dance c\ld !n deta* itself f its e>ly association ) w> & c\rt%ip & ally itself r to religion & art4 ,f be+ a spontane\s v5t = excitem5t1 or a bl9d means ( produc+ x1 ! dance became a =m ( discipl9e & consci\s social control--a ca?>tic = ! s\l2 & ?is by a q intelligible transition4 ,ge/ure1 ( :i* ! dance is m]ely a p]vasive use1 is an incipi5t action4 ,x is conduct 9 ! grop+ /age1 be=e x has lit on its purpose1 z c be se5 unmi/akably 9 all ! ge/iculation ( love & defiance4 ,9 ?is way ! dance is atta*$ to life initially by its physiological orig94 ,be+ an incipi5t act1 x naturally leads to its own completion & may ar\se 9 o!rs ! beg9n+s ( an appropriate response4 ,ge/ure is only less cat*+ & less eloqu5t ?an action itself4 ,b ge/ure1 :ile x has ?is p[] ( sugge/+ action & /imulat+ ! response :i* w\ld be appropriate if ! action took place1 may be arre/$ 9 ! process ( execution1 s9ce x is incipi5t only2 x w !n h reveal$ an int5tion & betray$ a /ate ( m9d4 ,?us x w h f\nd a function :i* action itself c seldom fulfil4 ,:5 an act is done1 indications ( :at x 0 to be are sup]flu\s2 b indications ( possible acts are 9 ! highe/ degree useful & int]e/+4 ,9 ?is way ge/ure assumes ! rle ( language & becomes a means ( rational expression4 ,x rema9s sugge/ive & imitable en\gh to convey an idea1 b n en\gh to precipitate a full reaction2 x fe$s t sph]e ( m]ely pot5tial action :i* we call ?\ght2 x becomes a vehicle = intuition4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 to tread ! measures ( a sacr$ dance1 to m>* ) an army1 to be> "o's %>e 9 any univ]sal act1 fills ! he>t ) a volum9\s sil5t emotion4 ,! massive sugge/ion1 ! pressure ( ! ambi5t w1 is out ( all proportion to ! pres5t call = action4 ,inf9ite res\rces & def9ite premonitions are ?us /or$ up 9 ! s\l2 & m]ely to h mov$ solemnly toge!r is ! be/ possible prep>ation = liv+ aft]w>ds1 ev5 if ap>t1 9 ! consci\sness ( a g5]al monition & au?ority4 ,sid5ote3 ,automatic music4 ,p>allel to ?is is ! g5esis & de/9y ( music1 an art orig9ally closely int]tw9$ ) ! dance4 ,! same explosive =ces t agitate ! limbs loos5 ! voice2 h&1 foot1 & ?roat m>k _! wild rhy?m toge!r4 ,birds probably enjoy ! pulsation ( _! s++ r ?an its s\nd4 ,ev5 human music is p]=m$ long be=e x is li/5$ to1 & is at fir/ no m an art ?an sigh+4 ,! orig9al emotions connect$ ) x are felt by p>ticipation 9 ! p]=mance--a p>ticipation :i* c become ideal only because1 at bottom1 x is always actual4 ,! ne$ ( ex]cise & self-expression1 ! =ce ( contagion & unison1 be>s ! s\l along be=e an arti/ic appreciation ( music arises2 & we may /ill obs]ve among civilis$ races h[ music ass]ts itself )\t any /hetic int5t1 z :5 ! pi\s s+ hymns 9 common1 or ! s5tim5tal1 at sea1 _c refra9 f :9+ _! :ole homely rep]tory 9 ! moonlight4 ,"h z else:]e1 in/9ct & habit are phases ( ! same inn] disposition4 ,:at has once occurr$ automatically on a giv5 occasion w be repeat$ 9 mu* ! same =m :5 a simil> occasion recurs4 ,?us impulse1 re9=c$ by its own rememb]$ expression1 passes into conv5tion4 ,savages h a music s+ul>ly monoton\s1 automatic1 & imp]sonal2 !y _c resi/ ! indulg5ce1 ?\gh !y probably h little pleasure 9 x4 ,! same ?+ happ5s ) cu/om>y s\nds z ) o!r prescrib$ c]emonies2 to omit !m w\ld be %ock+ & well-nigh impossible1 yet to repeat !m s]ves no end fur!r ?an to avoid a s5se ( /rang5ess or inhibition4 ,^! automatisms1 h[ev]1 9 work+ !mselves out1 are n )\t c]ta9 retroactive effects3 !y leave ! sy/em exhau/$ or reliev$1 & !y h meantime play$ m or less agreeably on ! s5ses4 ,! music we make automatically we _c help he>+ incid5tally2 ! s5sation may ev5 modify ! expression1 s9ce s5sation too has its physical side4 ,! expression is re9$ 9 & kept f becom+ vagrant1 9 proportion z its =m & occasion are rememb]$4 ,! automatic p]=m]1 be+ h5ce=? controll$ m or less by reflection & criticism1 becomes some?+ ( an arti/3 he tra9s himself to be consecutive1 impressive1 agreeable2 he beg9s to comp>e 8 improvisation ) its subject & function1 & ?us he develops :at is call$ /yle & ta/e4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,music ,sid5ote3 ,music is a _w ap>t4 ,s\nd readily acquires ideal values4 ,x has p[] 9 itself to engross att5tion & at ! same "t may be easily div]sifi$1 s z to become a symbol = o!r ?+s4 ,its direct empire is to be comp>$ ) t ( /imulants & opiates1 yet x pres5ts to ! m9d1 z ^! d n1 a p]ception t corresponds1 "p by "p1 ) ! ext]nal /imulus4 ,to he> is almo/ to und]/&4 ,! process we und]go 9 ma!matical or dialectical ?9k+ is call$ und]/&+1 because a natural sequ5ce is !re adequately translat$ into ideal t]ms4 ,logical connections seem to be int]nally ju/ifi$1 :ile only ! fact t we p]ceive !m "h & n[1 ) m or less facility1 is attribut$ to brute causes4 ,s\nd approa*es ?is sort ( ideality2 x pres5ts to s5se some?+ l ! efficaci\s /ructure ( ! object4 ,x is almo/ ma!matical2 b l ma!matics x is adequate only by be+ ab/ract2 & :ile x discloses po9t by po9t "o /ra9 9 exi/5ce1 x leaves _m o!r /ra9s1 :i* 9 fact are int]wov5 ) x1 :olly out ( acc\nt4 ,music is accord+ly1 l ma!matics1 v ne>ly a _w by itself2 x conta9s a :ole gamut ( exp]i5ce1 f s5su\s elem5ts to ultimate intellectual h>monies4 ,yet ?is second exi/5ce1 ?is life 9 music1 is no m]e gho/ ( ! o!r2 x has its own excitem5ts1 its quiv]+ alt]natives1 its surpris+ turns2 ! ab/ract en]gy ( x takes on s mu* body1 t 9 progression or decl5sion x seems q z impassion$ z any animal triumph or any moral drama4 ,sid5ote3 ,x ju/ifies itself4 ,t a patt]+ ( s\nds on ! e> %\ld h su* mom5t is a fact calculat$ to give pause to ^? philosoph]s :o attempt to expla9 consci\sness by its utility1 or :o wi% to make physical & moral processes m>* side by side f all et]nity4 ,music is ess5tially useless1 z life is3 b bo? h an ideal ext5sion :i* l5ds utility to its conditions4 ,t ! way 9 :i* idle s\nds run toge!r %\ld matt] s mu* is a my/]y ( ! same ord] z ! _s's conc]n to keep a p>ticul> body alive1 or to propagate its life4 ,su* an int]e/ is1 f an absolute po9t ( view1 :olly gratuit\s2 & s long z ! natural basis & expressive function ( _s are n p]ceiv$1 ?is my/]y is baffl+4 ,9 tru? ! ord] ( values inv]ts t ( causes2 & exp]i5ce1 9 :i* all values lie1 is an ideal resultant1 itself ineffectual1 ( ! pot5cies x c conceive4 ,delight 9 music is lib]al2 x makes useful ! organs & processes t subs]ve x4 ,^! ag5cies1 :5 !y support a consci\s int]e/ 9 _! op]ation1 give t op]ation its fir/ glimm]+ ju/ification1 & admit x to ! rational sph]e4 ,j s :5 organic bodies g5]ate a w b5t on _! pres]vation1 !y add a value & a moral function to _! equilibrium4 ,9 va9 %\ld we ask = :at purpose exi/5ces arise1 or become important2 t purpose1 to be su*1 mu/ already h be5 important to "s exi/5ce2 & ! only "q t c be ask$ or answ]$ is :at recognis$ importance1 :at ideal values1 actual exi/5ces involve4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is vital & transi5t4 ,we happ5 to brea!1 & on t acc\nt are int]e/$ 9 brea?+2 & x is no great] m>vel t1 happ5+ to be subject to intricate musical s5sations1 we %\ld be 9 e>ne/ ab\t ^! too4 ,! human e> discrim9ates s\nds ) ease2 :at x he>s is s div]sifi$ t its elem5ts c be mass$ )\t be+ confus$1 or c =m a sequ5ce hav+ a "* ( its own1 to be appreciat$ & rememb]$4 ,! eye too has a field 9 :i* cle> di/9ctions & relations appe>1 & = t reason is an organ fav\rable to intellig5ce2 b :at gives music its sup]ior emotional p[] is its rhy?mic advance4 ,"t is a m$ium :i* appeals m ?an space to emotion4 ,s9ce life is itself a flux1 & ?\ght an op]ation1 !re is naturally some?+ imm$iate & brea?less ab\t :atev] fl[s & exp&s4 ,! visible _w (f]s itself to our reg>d ) a c]ta9 lazy indiff]5ce4 8,p]use me10 x seems to say1 8if y w4 ,i am "h2 & ev5 if y pass me by n[ & lat] f9d x to y\r advantage to resurvey me1 ,i may /ill be "h40 ,! _w ( s\nd speaks a m urg5t language4 ,x ins9uates itself into our v sub/ance1 & x is n s mu* ! music t moves u z we t move ) x4 ,its rhy?ms seize ^u our bodily life1 to accel]ate or to deep5 x2 & we mu/ ei!r become inatt5tive altoge!r or rema9 enslav$4 ,sid5ote3 ,its physical aff9ities4 ,?is imp]i\s function 9 music has l5t x functions :i* are f> f /hetic4 ,song c be us$ to keep 9 unison _m m5's ef=ts1 z :5 sailors s+ z !y heave2 x c make p]suasive & obvi\s s5tim5ts :i*1 if n set to music1 might seem absurd1 z (t5 9 love songs & 9 psalmody4 ,x may inde$ s]ve to prep>e ! m9d = any impression :atev]1 & r5d] ! same m int5se :5 x comes4 ,music 0 long us$ be=e x 0 lov$ or p took pa9s to ref9e x4 ,x w\ld h seem$ z /range 9 primitive times to turn utt]ance into a f9e art z n[ to make /hetic paces out ( m\rn+ or *ild-bir?4 ,primitive music is inde$ a wail & a p>turition2 magical & sugge/ive z x may be1 = long ages x nev] be?9ks itself to be beautiful4 ,x is cont5t to furni% a contagi\s melan*oly employm5t to s\ls )\t a language & ) little int]e/ 9 ! real _w4 ,b>b>ic musicians1 s++ & play+ toge!r m or less at r&om1 are too mu* c>ri$ away by _! p]=mance to conceive its effect2 !y cry f> too l\d & too unceas+ly to li/54 ,a contagi\s tradition c>ries !m along & controls !m1 9 a way1 z !y improvise2 ! assembly is h>dly an audi5ce2 all are p]=m]s1 & ! cr[d is only a /imulus t keeps e "o danc+ & h[l+ 9 emulation4 ,?is unconsid]$ fl[ ( e>ly art rema9s pres5t1 m or less1 to ! end4 ,in/ead ( vague cu/om we h s*ools1 & in/ead ( sway+ multitudes academic example2 b _m a discord & mann]ism survive simply because ! musician is s sugge/ible1 or s lo/ 9 ! tumult ( production1 z nev] to reconsid] :at he does1 or to p]ceive its wa/efulness4 ,nev]!less an inh]5t value exi/s 9 all emitt$ s\nds1 al?\gh b>b>ic practice & !ory are sl[ to recognise x4 ,ea* tone has its quality1 l jewels ( diff]5t wat]2 e cad5ce has its vital expression1 no less inh]5t 9 x ?an t :i* comes 9 a po/ure or 9 a ?\ght4 ,ev]y?+ audible ?rills m]ely by s\nd+1 & ?\gh ?is p]ceptual ?rill be at fir/ ov]p[]$ by ! ef=t & excitem5t ( action1 yet x ev5tually fights its way to ! top4 ,p>ticipation 9 music may become p]functory or dull = ! great majority1 z :5 hymns are sung 9 *ur*2 a m]e sugge/ion ( action w d\btless cont9ue to col\r ! impression receiv$1 = a t5d5cy to act is involv$ 9 p]ception2 b ?is sugge/ion w be only an ov]-tone or e*o beh9d an auditory feel+4 ,"s p]=m]s w be s+l$ out f ! cr[d2 ^? :om ! public likes to he> w be ask$ to cont9ue alone2 & soon a c]ta9 suasion w be ex]t$ ov] !m by ! approval or c5sure ( o!rs1 s t consci\sly or unconsci\sly !y w tra9 !mselves to please4 ,sid5ote3 ,physiology ( music4 ,! musical quality ( s\nds has a simple physical measure = its basis2 & ! rate ( vibration is complicat$ by its sweep or l\dness1 & by concomitant s\nds4 ,:at a ri* note is to a pure & ?9 "o1 t a *ord is to a note2 nor is melody :olly diff]5t 9 pr9ciple1 = x is a *ord r5d]$ piece-meal4 ,"t int]v5es1 & ! h>mony is deploy$2 s t 9 melody rhy?m is add$1 ) its imm5se appeal1 to ! cumulative effect already secur$ by r5d]+ _m notes toge!r4 ,! height5$ effect :i* a note gets by figur+ 9 a phrase1 or a phrase 9 a long] passage1 comes ( c\rse f ! t5sions e/abli%$ & surviv+ 9 ! s5sorium--a case1 diff]5tly %ad$1 ( *ords & ov]tones4 ,! diff]5ce is only t ! m emphatic p>ts ( ! melody survive cle>ly to ! end1 :ile ! detail1 :i* if p]ceiv$ might n[ cla%1 is l>gely lo/1 & out ( ! prec$+ p>ts p]haps no?+ b a c]ta9 sw+ & pot5cy is pres5t at ! close4 ,! m9d has be5 rak$ & set vibrat+ 9 an unusual fa%ion1 s t ! f9ale comes l a fulfilm5t aft] mu* premonition & desire1 :]eas ! same ev5t1 unprep>$ =1 might h>dly h be5 obs]v$4 ,! :ole te*nique ( music is b an imm5se elaboration ( ?is pr9ciple4 ,x deploys a s5su\s h>mony by a sort ( dialectic1 susp5d+ & resolv+ x1 s t ! p>ts become di/9ct & _! relation vital4 ,sid5ote3 ,limits ( musical s5sibility4 ,su* elaboration (t5 exce$s ! syn!tic p[] ( all b ! be/ tra9$ m9ds4 ,bo? 9 scope & 9 articulation musical faculty v>ies prodigi\sly4 ,!re is no fix$ limit to ! p[] ( su/a9+ a giv5 consci\s process :ile new features appe> 9 ! same field2 nor is !re any fix$ limit to ! p[] ( recov]+1 "u *ang$ circum/ances1 a process t 0 =m]ly susp5d$4 ,a :ole symphony might be felt at once1 if ! musician's p[] ( su/a9$ or cumulative he>+ c\ld /ret* s f>4 ,z we all survey two notes & _! int]val 9 "o s5sation 7actual exp]i5ce be+ always transitive & pregnant1 & its t]ms ideal71 s a tra9$ m9d might survey a :ole composition4 ,?is is n to say t "t w\ld be transc5d$ 9 su* an exp]i5ce2 ! app]ception w\ld /ill h duration & ! object w\ld /ill h successive features1 = evid5tly music n arrang$ 9 "t w\ld n be music1 :ile all s5sations ) a recognisable "* occupy m ?an an in/ant 9 pass+4 ,b ! pass+ s5sation1 ?r\gh\t its lapse1 pres5ts "s exp]i5ce2 & ?is exp]i5ce1 tak5 at any po9t1 may pres5t a temporal sequ5ce ) any numb] ( memb]s1 accord+ to ! syn!tic & analytic p[] ex]t$ by ! giv5 m9d4 ,:at is t$i\s & =mless to ! inatt5tive may seem a p]fect :ole to "o :o1 z !y say1 takes x all 92 & simil>ly :at is a frightful deaf5+ discord to a s5se incapable ( discrim9ation1 = "o :o c he> ! p>ts may break into a cele/ial *orus4 ,a musical education is necess>y = musical judgm5t4 ,:at mo/ p reli% is h>dly music2 x is r a dr[sy rev]y reliev$ by n]v\s ?rills4 ,sid5ote3 ,! value ( music is relative to !m4 ,! degree to :i* music %\ld be elaborat$ dep5ds on ! capacity possess$ by ^? x addresses4 ,!re are limits to e man's syn!tic p[]s1 & to /ret* ^? p[]s to _! limit is exhau/+4 ,excitem5t !n becomes a debau*2 x leaves ! s\l less capable ( habitual h>mony4 ,especially is su* extreme t5sion disa/r\s :51 z 9 music1 no?+ rema9s to be ! fruit ( t mighty victory2 ! mo/ pregnant revelation s9ks to an illusion & is discr$it$ :5 x _c ma9ta9 its inspiration 9 ! _w's pres5ce4 ,ev]y?+ has its own value & sets up its price2 b o!rs mu/ judge if t price is fair1 & sociability is ! condition ( all rational excell5ce4 ,!re is !re=e a limit to "r complexity 9 music1 a limit set n by ! nature ( music itself1 b by its place 9 human economy4 ,?is limit1 ?\gh cle> 9 pr9ciple1 is altoge!r v>iable 9 practice2 duly cultivat$ p w naturally place x high] ?an ! unmusical w\ld4 ,9 o!r words1 popul> music ne$s to be simple1 al?\gh elaborate music may be beautiful to ! few4 ,:5 elaborate music is ! fa%ion among p to :om all music is a voluptu\s my/]y1 we may be sure t :at !y love is voluptu\sness or fa%ion1 & n music itself4 ,sid5ote3 ,wond]s ( musical /ructure4 ,b5ea? its hypnotic p[] music1 = ! musician1 has an intellectual ess5ce4 ,out ( simple *ords & melodies1 :i* at fir/ cat* only ! e>1 he weaves elaborate compositions t by _! =m appeal also to ! m9d4 ,?is side ( music resembles a ri*] v]sification2 x may be comp>$ also to ma!matics or to arabesques4 ,a mov+ arabesque t has a vital dim5sion1 an audible ma!matics1 add+ s5se to =m1 & a v]sification t1 s9ce x has no subject-matt]1 _c d viol5ce to x by its complex artifices--^! are types ( pure liv+1 altoge!r joyful & delightful ?+s4 ,!y comb9e life ) ord]1 precision ) spontaneity2 ! flux 9 !m has become rhy?mical & its fre$om has pass$ into a rational *oice1 s9ce x has come 9 sight ( ! et]nal =m x w\ld embody4 ,! musician1 l an ar*itect or goldsmi? work+ 9 s\nd1 b fre] ?an !y f mat]ial trammels1 c exp& = ev] 8 yield+ labyr9?2 e /ep op5s up new vi/as1 e decision--h[ unlike ^? made 9 real life6--multiplies opportunities1 & wid5s ! horizon be=e him1 )\t prev5t+ him f go+ back at w to beg9 afre% at any po9t1 to trace ! o!r possible pa?s lead+ !nce ?r\gh v>i\s magic l&scapes4 ,pure music is pure art4 ,its extreme ab/raction is balanc$ by its entire spontaneity1 &1 :ile x has no ext]nal significance1 x be>s no int]nal curse4 ,x is some?+ to :i* a few spirits may well surr5d] !mselves1 sure t 9 a lib]al commonweal? !y w be ?ank$ = _! ideal lab\r1 ! fruits ( :i* _m may enjoy4 ,su* excursions into ultra-mundane regions1 :]e ord] is free1 ref9e ! m9d & make x famili> ) p]fection4 ,by analogy an ideal =m comes to be conceiv$ & desid]at$ 9 o!r regions1 :]e x is n produc$ s readily1 & ! music he>d1 z ! ,py?agoreans hop$1 makes ! s\l also musical4 ,sid5ote3 ,its inh]5t emotions4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 h[ev]1 t a _w ( s\nds & rhy?ms1 all ab\t no?+1 is a by-_w & a m]e di/raction = a political animal4 ,its sub/ance is air1 ?\gh ! spell ( x may h moral aff9ities4 ,nev]!less ?is e!real art may be entic$ to e>? & m>ri$ ) :at is mortal4 ,music int]e/s humanity mo/ :5 x is w$d$ to human ev5ts4 ,! alliance comes ab\t ?r\gh ! emotions :i* music & life ar\se 9 common4 ,= s\nd1 9 sweep+ ?r\gh ! body & mak+ felt !re its k9etic & pot5tial /ress1 provokes no less int]e/ ?an does any o!r physical ev5t or premonition4 ,music c produce emotion z directly z c fight+ or love4 ,if 9 ! latt] in/ances ! body's :ole life may be 9 jeop>dy1 ?is fact is no explanation ( our conc]n2 = _m a dang] is n felt & !re is no magic 9 ! body's future condition1 t x %\ld n[ affect ! s\l4 ,:at t\*es ! s\l is ! body's condition at ! mom5t2 & ?is is alt]$ no less truly by a musical impression ?an by "s protective or reproductive act4 ,if emotions accompany ! latt]1 !y might z well accompany ! =m]2 & 9 fact !y d4 ,nor is music ! only idle c]ebral commotion t enli/s att5tion & pres5ts issues no less mom5t\s = be+ q imag9>y2 dreams d ! same1 & seldom c ! real crises ( life s absorb ! s\l1 or prompt x to su* extreme ef=ts1 z c delirium 9 sickness1 or delusion 9 :at passes = heal?4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 gr[+ specific !y rema9 une>?ly4 ,!re is p]haps no emotion incid5t to human life t music _c r5d] 9 its ab/ract m$ium by sugge/+ ! pang ( x2 ?\gh ( c\rse music _c describe ! complex situation :i* l5ds e>?ly passions _! specific col\r4 ,x is by fusion ) _m sugge/$ emotions t s5tim5t gr[s def9ite2 ?is fusion c h>dly come ab\t )\t ideas int]v5+1 & c]ta9ly x c\ld nev] be su/a9$ or express$ )\t !m4 ,occasions def9e feel+s2 we c convey a delicate emotion only by delicately describ+ ! situation :i* br+s x on4 ,music1 ) its irrelevant m$ium1 c nev] d ?is = common life1 & ! passions1 z music r5d]s !m1 are always g5]al4 ,b music has its own sub/itute = conceptual di/9ctness4 ,x makes feel+ specific1 nay1 m delicate & precise ?an association ) ?+s c\ld make x1 by unit+ x ) musical =m4 ,we may say t besides sugge/+ ab/ractly all ord9>y passions1 music creates a new realm ( =m f> m subtly impassion$ ?an is vulg> exp]i5ce4 ,human life is conf9$ to a dramatic rep]tory :i* has already become some:at classical & worn1 b music has no end ( new situations1 %ad$ 9 inf9ite ways2 x moves 9 all sorts ( bodies to all sorts ( adv5tures4 ,9 life ! ord9>y r\t9e ( de/9y beats s emphatic a measure t x does n all[ free play to feel+2 we _c l+] on any?+ long en\gh to exhau/ its mean+1 nor c we w&] f> f ! beat5 pa? to cat* new impressions4 ,b 9 music !re are no mortal obligations1 no imp]i\s ne$s call+ u back to reality4 ,"h no?+ beautiful is extravagant1 no?+ delightful unwor?y4 ,musical ref9em5t f9ds no limit b its own in/9ct1 s t a ?\s& %ades ( :at1 9 our blund]+ words1 we mu/ call sadness or mir?1 f9d 9 music _! di/9ct expression4 ,ea* phrase1 ea* composition1 articulates p]fectly :at no human situation c\ld embody4 ,^! f9e emotions are really new2 !y are altoge!r musical & unexampl$ 9 practical life2 !y are native to ! pass+ cad5ce1 absolute po/ures into :i* x ?r[s ! s\l4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y m]ge ) common emotions1 & express su* z f9d no object 9 nature4 ,!re is en\gh lik5ess1 h[ev]1 betwe5 musical & mundane feel+ = ! fir/ to be us$ 9 ent]ta9+ ! second4 ,h5ce ! s+ul> privilege ( ?is art3 to give =m to :at is naturally in>ticulate & express ^? dep?s ( human nature :i* c speak no language curr5t 9 ! _w4 ,emotion is prim>ily ab\t no?+1 & mu* ( x rema9s ab\t no?+ to ! end4 ,:at rescues a "p ( our passions f ?is pa?ological plight1 & gives !m "s o!r function ?an m]ely to be1 is ! ideal relevance1 ! practical & mutually repres5tative "*1 :i* !y sometimes acquire4 ,all exp]i5ce is pa?ological if we consid] its gr\nd2 b a "p ( x is also rational if we consid] its import4 ,! words ,i am n[ writ+ h a mean+ n because at ?is mom5t !y are fus$ toge!r 9 my animal s\l z a dream might fuse !m1 h[ev] incongru\s ! situation !y depict might be 9 wak+ life2 !y are significant only if ?is mom5t's product c meet & conspire ) "s o!r ?\ght speak+ ( :at else:]e exi/s1 & utt]+ an intuition t f "t to "t may be actually recov]$4 ,! art ( di/ribut+ int]e/ among ! occasions & vi/as ( life s z to l5d !m a con/ant wor?1 & at ! same "t to give feel+ an ideal object1 is at bottom ! sole bus9ess ( education2 b ! und]tak+ is long1 & mu* feel+ rema9s unemploy$ & unacc\nt$ =4 ,?is objectless emotion *okes ! he>t ) its dull importunity2 n[ x imp$es "r action1 n[ x fe$s & fatt5s illusion4 ,mu* ( x radiates f prim>y functions :i*1 ?\gh _! op]ation is half kn[n1 h only base or pitiful associations 9 human life2 s t !y tr\ble u ) deep & subtle crav+s1 ! unclaim$ ,h9t]l& ( life4 ,:5 music1 ei!r by v]bal indications or by s5su\s aff9ities1 or by bo? at once1 succe$s 9 tapp+ ?is fund ( suppress$ feel+1 x accord+ly supplies a great ne$4 ,x makes ! dumb speak1 & plucks f ! animal he>t pot5tialities ( expression :i* might r5d] x1 p]haps1 ev5 m ?an human4 ,sid5ote3 ,music l5ds elem5t>y feel+s an intellectual communicable =m4 ,by its emotional range music is appropriate to all int5se occasions3 we dance1 pray1 & m\rn to music1 & ! m inadequate words or ext]nal acts are to ! situation1 ! m grateful music is4 ,z ! only bond betwe5 music & life is emotion1 music is out ( place only :]e emotion itself is abs5t4 ,if x breaks 9 ^u u 9 ! mid/ ( /udy or bus9ess x becomes an int]ruption or alt]native to our activity1 r ?an an expression ( x2 we mu/ ei!r rema9 inatt5tive or pass altoge!r into ! realm ( s\nd 7:i* may be unemotional en\gh7 & become musicians = ! nonce4 ,music br+s its sympa!tic m9i/ry only to emotional mom5ts2 !re x m]ges ) common exi/5ce1 & is a welcome sub/itute = descriptive ideas1 s9ce x co-op]ates ) u & helps to deliv] u f dumb subjection to influ5ces :i* we %\ld n "k h[ to meet o!rwise4 ,!re is (t5 9 :at moves u a c]ta9 ru?less p]si/5ce1 toge!r ) a c]ta9 pov]ty ( =m2 ! p[] felt is out ( proportion to ! int]e/ awak5$1 & att5tion is kept1 z 9 pa91 at once /ra9$ & idle4 ,at su* a mom5t music is a bless$ res\rce4 ,)\t attempt+ to remove a mood t is p]haps inevitable1 x gives x a congru\s fill+4 ,?us ! mood is ju/ifi$ by an illu/ration or expression :i* seems to (f] "s objective & ideal gr\nd = its exi/5ce2 & ! mood is at ! same "t reliev$ by absorption 9 t imp]sonal object4 ,s ent]ta9$1 ! feel+ settles4 ,! passion to :i* at fir/ we succumb$ is n[ tam$ & appropriat$4 ,we h dige/$ ! =eign sub/ance 9 giv+ x a rational =m3 its en]gies are m]g$ 9 t /r5g? by :i* we freely op]ate4 ,9 ?is way ! mo/ ab/ract ( arts s]ves ! dumbe/ emotions4 ,matt] :i* _c ent] ! m\lds ( ord9>y p]ception1 capacities :i* a rul+ in/9ct usually keeps "u1 fl[ sudd5ly into ?is new *annel4 ,music is l ^? bran*es :i* "s trees put =? close to ! gr\nd1 f> bel[ ! po9t :]e ! o!r b\ghs sep>ate2 almo/ a tree by itself1 x has no?+ b ! root 9 common ) its p>5t4 ,some:at 9 ?is fa%ion music div]ts into an ab/ract sph]e a "p ( ^? =ces :i* ab\nd b5ea? ! po9t at :i* human und]/&+ gr[s articulate4 ,x n\ri%es on saps :i* o!r bran*es ( ideation are too n>r[ or rigid to take up4 ,^? elem5t>y sub/ances ! musician c spiritualise by 8 special me?ods1 tak+ away _! reproa* & r$eem+ !m f bl9d int5sity4 ,sid5ote3 ,all ess5ces are 9 !mselves good1 ev5 ! passions4 ,!re is consequ5tly 9 music a sort ( ,*ri/ian piety1 9 t x comes n to call ! j b s9n]s to rep5tance1 & und]/&s ! spiritual possibilities 9 outca/s f ! respectable _w4 ,if we look at ?+s absolutely en\gh1 & f _! own po9t ( view1 !re c be no d\bt t ea* has its own ideal & does n "q its own ju/ification4 ,lu/ & fr5zy1 rev]y or despair1 fatal z !y may be to a creature t has g5]al ult]ior int]e/s1 are n p]v]se 9 !mselves3 ea* se>*es = its own aff9ities1 & has a k9d ( in]tia :i* t5ds to ma9ta9 x 9 be+1 & to atta* or draw 9 :atev] is propiti\s to x4 ,feel+s are z blameless z s _m =ms ( vegetation2 !y c be poison\s only to a diff]5t life4 ,!y are all primordial motions1 eddies :i* ! univ]sal flux makes = no reason1 s9ce its habit ( fall+ into su* attitudes is ! gr\nd-"w & exempl> = nature & logic alike4 ,t su* /ra9s %\ld exi/ is an ultimate datum2 ju/ification _c be requir$ ( !m1 b mu/ be (f]$ to ea* ( !m 9 turn by all t ent]s its p>ticul> orbit4 ,!re is no w b might f9d a _w to disport itself 9 & to call good1 & !reupon boa/ to h creat$ t 9 :i* x f\nd itself express$4 ,b su* satisfaction has be5 d5i$ to ! majority2 ! equilibrium ( ?+s has at lea/ po/pon$ _! day4 ,yet !y are n altoge!r ext+ui%$1 s9ce ! equilibrium ( ?+s is me*anical & results f no preconc]t$ h>mony su* z w\ld h aboli%$ ev]y?+ contr>y to its own p]fection4 ,_m ill-suppress$ possibilities endure 9 matt]1 & peep into be+ ?r\gh ! crevices1 z x 71 ( ! dom9ant _w4 ,we$s !y are call$ by ! tyrant1 b 9 !mselves !y are aw>e ( be+ pot5tial gods4 ,:y %\ld n e impulse exp& 9 a cong5ial p>adise8 ,:y %\ld ea*1 made evil n[ only by an adv5titi\s appellation or a contr>y fate1 n v9dicate its own ideal8 ,if !re is a piety t[>ds ?+s de=m$1 because x is n !y t are p]v]se1 b ! _w t by its laws & arbitr>y /&>ds decides to treat !m z if !y 71 h[ mu* m %\ld !re be a piety t[>ds ?+s altoge!r lovely1 :5 x is only space & matt] t are want+ = _! p]fect realisation8 ,sid5ote3 ,ea* impulse calls = a possible cong5ial _w4 ,philosoph]s talk ( self-contradiction1 b !re is evid5tly no su* ?+1 if we take = ! self :at is really vital1 ea* propulsive1 def9ite /ra9 ( be+1 ea* nucleus = e/imation & = pleasure & pa94 ,ba* impulse may be contradict$1 b n by itself2 x may f9d itself oppos$1 9 a !atre :i* x has ent]$ x kn[s n h[1 by viol5t p]sonages t x has nev] wi%$ to enc\nt]4 ,! environm5t x calls = is cong5ial ) x3 & by t environm5t x c\ld nev] be ?w>t$ or condemn$4 ,! lumb]+ c\rse ( ev5ts may inde$ involve x 9 rum1 & a m9d ) p]man5t int]e/s to def5d may at once rule out ev]y?+ inconsi/5t ) possible h>monies2 b su* rational judgm5ts come f outside & repres5t a compromise /ruck ) mat]ial =ces4 ,moral judgm5ts & conflicts are possible only 9 ! m9d t repres5ts _m int]e/s syn!tically3 9 nature1 :]e prim>y impulses collide1 all conflict is physical & all w innoc5t4 ,imag9e "s +r$i5t ( humanity loos$ f its oppressive environm5t 9 human economy3 x w\ld at once vegetate & fl[] into "s ideal =m1 su* z we see exub]antly display$ 9 nature4 ,if we c only susp5d = a mom5t ! conge/$ traffic 9 ! bra91 ^! initial movem5ts w beg9 to trav]se x playfully & %[ _! paces1 & we %all live 9 "o ( ^? plausible worlds :i* ! actual _w has made impossible4 ,sid5ote3 ,lit]ature incapable ( express+ pure feel+s4 ,man possesses1 = example1 a native capacity = joy4 ,!re are mom5ts1 9 fri5d%ip or 9 solitude1 :5 joy is realis$2 b ! occasions are (t5 trivial & c\ld nev] ju/ify 9 reflection ! feel+s t !n happ5 to bubble up4 ,nor c pure joy be long su/a9$3 cross-curr5ts ( lassitude or anxiety1 di/ract+ incid5ts1 irrelevant associations1 tr\ble its c\rse & make x langui%1 turn+ x be=e long into dulness or melan*oly4 ,language _c express a joy t %all be full & pure2 = to keep ! purity no?+ w\ld h to be nam$ :i* c>ri$ ! lea/ sugge/ion ( sadness ) x1 &1 9 ! _w t human language ref]s to1 su* a condition w\ld exclude e situation possible4 8,o joy1 ,o joy10 w\ld be ! :ole ditty3 h5ce "s dialecticians1 ^: exp]i5ce is l>gely v]bal1 ?9k :atev] is pure necess>ily ?94 ,sid5ote3 ,music may d s4 ,t feel+ %\ld be s quickly pollut$ is1 h[ev]1 a sup]ficial & e>?ly accid5t4 ,_s is clogg$ by :at x fl[s ?r\gh1 b at its spr+s x is bo? limpid & abundant4 ,!re is matt] en\gh 9 joy = _m a univ]se1 ?\gh ! actual _w has n a s+le =m q fit to embody x1 & its too rapid syllables are exclud$ f ! curr5t hexamet]4 ,music1 on ! contr>y1 has a m flexible measure2 its prosody admits e ^w4 ,its rhy?ms c explicate e emotion1 ?r\gh all degrees ( complexity & volume1 )\t once disav[+ x4 ,?us unus$ matt]1 :i* is n less f]tile ?an t :i* nature has absorb$1 comes to fill out an inf9ity ( ideal =ms4 ,! joy condemn$ by practical exig5cies to sc9tillate = a mom5t uncommunicat$1 & !n1 z x 71 to be buri$ alive1 may n[ f9d an ab/ract art to embody x & br+ x be=e ! public1 =m$ into a ri* & con/ant object call$ a musical composition4 ,s art succe$s 9 v9dicat+ ! =gott5 regions ( _s3 a new spontane\s creation %[s h[ little au?ority or f9ality ! giv5 creation has4 ,sid5ote3 ,in/ability ! s\l ( matt]4 ,:at is true ( joy is no less true ( sorr[1 :i*1 ?\gh x arises f failure 9 "s natural ideal1 c>ries ) x a s5tim5tal ideal ( its own4 ,ev5 confusion c f9d 9 music an expression & a ca?>sis4 ,t dea? or *ange %\ld grieve does n foll[ f ! mat]ial nature ( ^! ph5om5a4 ,to *ange or to disappe> might be z normal a t5d5cy z to move2 & x actually happ5s1 :5 no?+ ideal has be5 atta9$1 t n to be ?us is ! :ole law ( be+4 ,!re is !n a nameless satisfaction 9 pass+ on2 :i* is ! virtual ideal ( pa9 & m]e will+4 ,dea? & *ange acquire a tragic "* :5 !y invade a m9d :i* is n ready = !m 9 all its p>ts1 s t ^? elem5ts 9 x :i* are /ill vigor\s1 & w\ld ma9ta9 some:at long] _! ideal id5tity1 suff] viol5ce at ! h&s ( ! o!rs1 already ma/]$ by decay & will+ to be self-de/ructive4 ,?us a man ^: physiological complexion involves m poignant emotion ?an 8 ideas c absorb--"o :o is s5tim5tal--w ye>n = new objects t may expla91 embody1 & focus 8 dumb feel+s2 & ^! objects1 if art c produce !m1 w relieve & glorify ^? feel+s 9 ! act ( express+ !m4 ,ca?>sis is no?+ m4 ,sid5ote3 ,peace ! triumph ( _s4 ,!re w\ld be no pleasure 9 express+ pa91 if pa9 7 n dom9at$ ?r\gh its expression4 ,to "k h[ j a cause we h = griev+ is already a consolation1 = x is already a %ift f feel+ to und]/&+4 ,by su* consid]ation ( a passion1 ! intellectual p[]s turn x into subject-matt] to op]ate ^u4 ,all utt]ance is a feat1 all appreh5sion a discov]y2 & ?is intellectual victory1 s\nd+ 9 ! mid/ ( emotional /ruggles1 hu%es "s "p ( _! brute importunity4 ,x is at once sublime & b5efic5t1 l a god /ill+ a tempe/4 ,melan*oly c 9 ?is way be ! food ( art2 & x is no p>adox t su* a mat]ial may be beautiful :5 a fit =m is impos$ ^u x1 s9ce a fit =m turns any?+ into an agreeable object2 its beauty runs z deep z its fitness1 & /ops :]e its adaptation to human nature beg9s to fail4 ,:atev] c int]e/ may prompt to expression1 z x may h satisfi$ curiosity2 & ! m9d celebrates a little triumph :5ev] x c =mulate a tru?1 h[ev] unwelcome to ! fle%1 or discov] an actual =ce1 h[ev] unfav\rable to giv5 int]e/s4 ,z m$itation on dea? & on life make equally = wisdom1 s ! expression ( sorr[ & joy make equally = beauty4 ,m$itation & expression are !mselves cong5ial activities ) an intr9sic value :i* is n less5$ if :at !y deal ) c\ld h be5 aboli%$ to advantage4 ,if once x exi/s1 we may und]/& & int]pret x2 & ?is reaction w s]ve a d\ble purpose4 ,at fir/1 9 its v act1 x w suffuse & mollify ! unwelcome exp]i5ce by ano!r1 dige/+ x1 :i* is welcome2 & lat]1 by ! broad] adju/m5t :i* x w br+ into ! m9d1 x w help u to elude or confront ! evils ?us laid cle>ly be=e u4 ,ca?>sis has no su* effect z a sophi/ical optimism wi%es to attribute to x2 x does n %[ u t evil is good1 or t calamity & crime are ?+s to be grateful =3 s =c$ an apology = evil has no?+ to d ) trag$y or wisdom2 x belongs to apologetics & an artificial !odicy4 ,ca?>sis is r ! consci\sness ( h[ evil evils are1 & h[ besett+2 & h[ possible goods lie betwe5 & involve s]i\s r5unciations4 ,to und]/&1 to accept1 & to use ! situation 9 :i* a mortal may f9d himself is ! function ( art & reason4 ,su* ma/]y is desirable 9 itself & = its fruits2 x does n make itself responsible = ! *aos ( goods & evils t x sup]v5es ^u4 ,:atev] wri!s 9 matt]1 art /rives to give =m to2 & h[ev] unfav\rable ! field may be = its activity1 x does :at x c !re1 s9ce no o!r field exi/s 9 :i* x may lab\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,ref9em5t is true /r5g?4 ,sad music pleases ! melan*oly because x is sad & o!r m5 because x is music4 ,:5 a compos] attempts to reproduce complex conflicts 9 8 score he w please complex or disord]$ spirits = express+ _! tr\bles1 b o!r m5 only = ! ord] & h>mony he may h br\ght out ( t *aos4 ,! *aos 9 itself w (f5d1 & x is no "p ( rational art to produce x4 ,z well might a physician poison 9 ord] to give an antidote1 or maim 9 ord] to amputate4 ,! subject matt] ( art is life1 life z x actually is2 b ! function ( art is to make life bett]4 ,! dep? to :i* an arti/ may f9d curr5t exp]i5ce to be sunk 9 discord & confusion is n 8 special conc]n2 8 conc]n is1 9 "s measure1 to lift exp]i5ce out4 ,! m b>b>\s 8 age1 ! m dra/ic & viol5t mu/ be 8 op]ation4 ,he w h to %\t 9 a /orm4 ,8 /r5g? mu/ ne$s1 9 su* a case1 be v l>gely physical & 8 me?ods s5sational4 ,9 a g5tl] age he may gr[ nobl]1 & blood & ?und] w no long] seem impressive4 ,only ! weak are oblig$ to be viol5t2 ! /rong1 hav+ all means at comm&1 ne$ n resort to ! wor/4 ,ref9$ art is n want+ 9 p[] if ! public is ref9$ also4 ,& z ref9em5t comes only by exp]i5ce1 by comp>ison1 by subord9at+ means to ends & reject+ :at h9d]s1 x foll[s t a ref9$ m9d w really possess ! great] volume1 z well z ! subtl] discrim9ation4 ,its ec/asy )\t grimace1 & its submission )\t te>s1 w hold heav5 & e>? bett] toge!r--& hold !m bett] ap>t--?an c\ld a mad imag9ation4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,spee* ,,& ,,signification ,sid5ote3 ,s\nds well fitt$ to be symbols4 ,music rationalises s\nd1 b a m mom5t\s rationalis+ ( s\nd is se5 9 language4 ,language is "o ( ! mo/ useful ( ?+s1 yet ! great] "p ( x /ill rema9s 7:at x mu/ all h be5 9 ! beg9n+7 useless & )\t ult]ior significance4 ,! musical side ( language is its prim>y & elem5t>y side4 ,man is end[$ ) vocal organs s pla/ic z to emit a great v>iety ( delicately v>i$ s\nds2 & by good =tune 8 e> has a p>allel s5sibility1 s t mu* vocal expression c be regi/]$ & confront$ by auditory feel+4 ,x has be5 said t man's pre-em95ce 9 nature is due to 8 possess+ h&s2 8 mode/ p>ticipation 9 ! ideal _w may simil>ly be due to 8 possess+ tongue & e>4 ,= :5 he f9ds %\t+ & vague moan+ aft] a :ile fatigu+1 he c draw a new pleasure f utt]+ all sorts ( labial1 d5tal1 & gutt]al s\nds4 ,_! rhy?ms & oppositions c ent]ta9 him1 & he c beg9 to use 8 l+ual gamut to designate ! :ole range ( 8 p]ceptions & passions4 ,"h we t\* ^u "o ( ! great crises 9 creation4 ,z nutrition at fir/ e/abli%$ itself 9 ! face ( wa/e1 & reproduction 9 ! face ( dea?1 s repres5tation 0 able1 by help ( vocal symbols1 to confront t disp]sion inh]5t 9 exp]i5ce1 :i* is some?+ 9 itself ephem]al4 ,m]ely to associate "o ?+ ) ano!r br+s little ga92 & m]ely to h add$ a vocal designation to fleet+ ?+s--a designation :i* ( c\rse w\ld h be5 tak5 = a "p ( _! ess5ce--w\ld 9 itself h encumb]$ ph5om5a )\t r5d]+ !m 9 any way m docile to ! w4 ,b ! encumbrance 9 ?is in/ance prov$ to be a wond]ful pres]vative & means ( comp>ison4 ,x actually gave ea* mov+ ?+ its ni*e & c5otaph 9 ! et]nal4 ,= ! univ]se ( vocal s\nds 0 a field1 l t ( col\r or numb]1 9 :i* ! elem5ts %[$ relations & transitions easy to dom9ate4 ,x 0 a key-bo>d ov] :i* att5tion c\ld run back & =?1 elicit+ _m implicit h>monies4 ,h5ce=? :5 v>i\s s\nds _h be5 idly associat$ ) v>i\s ?+s1 & id5tifi$ ) !m1 ! ?+s c\ld1 by virtue ( _! names1 be c>ri$ ov] m5tally into ! l+ui/ic sy/em2 !y c\ld be manipulat$ !re ideally1 & vic>i\sly pres]v$ 9 repres5tation4 ,ne$less to say t ! ?+s !mselves rema9$ un*ang$ all ! :ile 9 _! efficacy & me*anical succession1 j z !y rema9 un*ang$ 9 ^? respects :5 !y pass = ! ma!matical obs]v] into _! measure or symbol2 b z ?is r$uction to ma!matical =m makes !m calculable1 s _! e>li] r$uction to words r5d]$ !m comp>able & memorable1 fir/ enabl+ !m to figure 9 disc\rse at all4 ,sid5ote3 ,language has a /ructure indep5d5t ( ?+s4 ,language _h orig9ally no obligation to subs]ve an end :i* we may sometimes measure x by n[1 & depute to be its prop] function1 namely1 to /& = ?+s & adapt itself p]fectly to _! /ructure4 ,9 language z 9 e o!r exi/5ce idealism prec$es realism1 s9ce x mu/ be a "p ( nature liv+ its own life be=e x c become a symbol = ! re/ & b5d to ext]nal control4 ,! vocal & musical m$ium is1 & mu/ always rema91 ali51 to ! spatial4 ,:at makes t]ms correspond & ref] to "o ano!r is a relation et]nally disp>ate f ! relation ( prop9quity or d]ivation betwe5 exi/5ces4 ,yet :5 s\nds 7 atta*$ to an ev5t or emotion1 ! s\nds became symbols = t disp>ate fact4 ,! net ( vocal relations caught t natural object z a cobweb might cat* a fly1 )\t de/roy+ or *ang+ x4 ,! object's quality pass$ to ! ^w at ! same "t t ! ^w's relations envelop$ ! object2 & ?us a new weight & significance 0 add$ to s\nd1 previ\sly no?+ b a dull music4 ,a conflict at once e/abli%$ itself betwe5 ! drift prop] to ! v]bal m$ium & t prop] to ! designat$ ?+s2 a conflict :i* ! :ole hi/ory ( language & ?\ght has embodi$ & :i* cont9ues to ?is day4 ,sid5ote3 ,words rema9+ id5tical1 s]ve to id5tify ?+s t *ange4 ,suppose an animal go+ d[n to a froz5 riv] :i* he _h previ\sly visit$ 9 summ]4 ,m>ks ( all sorts w\ld awak5 9 him an old tra9 ( reactions2 he w\ld d\btless feel premonitions ( satisfi$ ?ir/ & ! spla% ( wat]4 ,on f9d+1 h[ev]1 in/ead ( ! fanci$ liquid1 a mass ( some?+ l cold /one1 he w\ld be disconc]t$4 ,8 active attitude w\ld be pull$ up %ort & contradict$4 ,9 8 fairyl& ( fai? & magic ! old riv] w\ld h be5 simply annihilat$1 ! dreamt-( wat] w\ld h become a vani%$ gho/1 & ?is ice = ! mom5t ! h>d reality4 ,he w\ld turn away & live = a :ile on o!r illusions4 ,:5 ?is %ock 0 ov]gr[n by "t & x 0 summ] aga91 ! orig9al habit might1 h[ev]1 reass]t itself once m4 ,if he revisit$ ! /ream1 "s god w\ld seem to br+ back some?+ f an old famili> _w2 & ! *ill ( t tempor>y e/rangem5t1 ! cl\d t = a :ile _h made ! good invisible1 w\ld soon be gone & =gott54 ,if we imag9e1 on ! contr>y1 t ?is animal c\ld speak & _h f ! fir/ call$ 8 haunt ! riv]1 he w\ld h repeat$ its "n on see+ x ev5 :5 x 0 froz51 = he _h n fail$ to recognise x 9 t guise4 ,! v>iation aft]w>ds notic$1 ^u f9d+ x h>d1 w\ld seem no total sub/itution1 b a *ange2 = x w\ld be ! same riv]1 once fl[+1 t 0 n[ congeal$4 ,an id5tical ^w1 cov]+ all ! id5tical qualities 9 ! ph5om5a & s]v+ to ab/ract !m1 w\ld =ce ! inconsi/5t qualities 9 ^? ph5om5a to pass = accid5ts2 & ! useful proposition c\ld at once be fram$ t ! same riv] may be sometimes free & sometimes froz54 ,sid5ote3 ,language ! dialectical g>m5t ( facts4 ,?is proposition is true1 yet x conta9s mu* t is calculat$ to (f5d a scrupul\s dialectician4 ,its language & categories are n purely logical1 b l>gely physical & repres5tative4 ,! notion t :at *anges nev]!less endures is a rem>kable hybrid4 ,x arises :5 rigid ideal t]ms are impos$ on evanesc5t exi/5ce4 ,feel+s1 tak5 alone1 w\ld %[ no id5tities2 !y w\ld be lo/ 9 *ang+1 or be wov5 into ! inf9ite feel+ ( *ange4 ,notions1 tak5 alone1 w\ld all[ no lapse1 b w\ld m]ely lead att5tion ab\t f po9t to po9t ov] an et]nal sy/em ( relations4 ,p[] to und]/& ! _w1 logical or sci5tific ma/]y ( exi/5ce1 arises only by ! =c$ & conv5tional m>riage ( ^! two ess5ces1 :5 ! actual flux is ideally susp5d$ & an ideal h>ness is loosely flung ^u ?+s4 ,= ?is purpose words are an admirable in/rum5t4 ,!y h dialectical relations bas$ on an ideal import1 or t5d5cy to def9ition1 :i* makes _! ess5ce _! signification2 yet !y c be freely b&i$ ab\t & appli$ = a mom5t to ! ambigu\s ?+s t pass ?r\gh exi/5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,words are wise m5's c\nt]s4 ,_h m5 be5 dumb1 an ex*ange & circulation ( images ne$ n h be5 want+1 & associations might h aris5 betwe5 ideals 9 ! m9d & correspond+ reactive habits 9 ! body4 ,:at words add is n p[] ( disc]nm5t or action1 b a m$ium ( intellectual ex*ange4 ,language is l money1 )\t :i* specific relative values may well exi/ & be felt1 b _c be r$uc$ to a common d5om9ator4 ,& z money mu/ h a c]ta9 intr9sic value ( its own 9 ord] t its relation to o!r values may be /able1 s a ^w1 by :i* a ?+ is repres5t$ 9 disc\rse1 mu/ be a "p ( t ?+'s context1 an +r$i5t 9 ! total app>ition x is de/9$ to recall4 ,words1 9 _! exi/5ce1 are no m univ]sal ?an gold by nature is a wor?less /&>d ( value 9 o!r ?+s4 ,words are a mat]ial accompanim5t ( ph5om5a1 at fir/ an idle accompanim5t1 b "o :i* happ5s to subs]ve easily a univ]sal function4 ,"s o!r elem5t 9 objects might conceivably h s]v$ = a common d5om9ator betwe5 !m2 b words1 j by virtue ( _! adv5titi\s1 deta*able /atus1 & because !y are s easily comp>$ & manipulat$ 9 ! _w ( s\nd1 7 s+ul>ly well fitt$ = ?is (fice4 ,!y are n vague1 z any common quality ab/ract$ f ?+s w\ld necess>ily become2 & ?\gh vagu5ess is a quality only too compatible ) p]ception1 s t vague ideas c exi/ )\t end1 ?is vagu5ess is n :at makes !m univ]sal 9 _! functions4 ,x is "o ?+ to p]ceive an ill-det]m9$ =m & q ano!r to attribute to x a precise g5]al pr$icate4 ,words1 di/9ct 9 _! own category & p]fectly recognisable1 c accord+ly p]=m v well ! function ( embody+ a univ]sal2 = !y c be id5tifi$ 9 turn ) _m p>ticul>s & yet rema9 ?r\gh\t p>ticul> !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,nom9alism "r 9 psy*ology & realism 9 logic ,! psy*ology ( nom9alism is und\bt$ly "r :]e x insi/s t e image is p>ticul> & e t]m1 9 its exi/5tial aspect1 a flatum vocis2 b nom9ali/s %\ld h recognis$ t images may h any degree ( vagu5ess & g5]ality :5 measur$ by a conceptual /&>d4 ,a figure hav+ obvi\sly ?ree sides & ?ree corn]s may v well be pres5t to ! m9d :5 x is impossible to say :e!r x is an equilat]al or a rectangul> triangle4 ,functional or logical univ]sality lies 9 ano!r sph]e altoge!r1 be+ a matt] ( int5t & n ( exi/5ce4 ,:5 we say t 8univ]sals alone exi/ 9 ! m9d0 we mean by 8m9d0 some?+ unkn[n to ,b]keley2 n a bundle ( psy*oses nor an angelic sub/ance1 b quick intellig5ce1 ! faculty ( disc\rse4 ,pr$ication is an act1 und]/&+ a spiritual & transitive op]ation3 its exi/5tial basis may well be c\nt$ 9 psy*ologically & r$uc$ to a /ream ( imm$iate pres5ces2 b its mean+ c be caught only by ano!r mean+1 z life only c exemplify life4 ,vague or g5]al images are z little univ]sal z s\nds are2 b a s\nd bett] ?an a flick]+ ab/raction c s]ve ! intellect 9 its op]ation ( comp>ison & syn!sis4 ,words are !re=e ! body ( disc\rse1 ( :i* ! s\l is und]/&+4 ,sid5ote3 ,lit]ature moves betwe5 ! extremes ( music & d5otation4 ,! categories ( disc\rse are 9 "p m]ely repres5tative1 9 "p m]ely grammatical1 & 9 "p attributable to bo? sph]es4 ,euphony & phonetic laws are pr9ciples gov]n+ language )\t any ref]5ce to its mean+2 "h spee* is /ill a sort ( music4 ,at ! o!r extreme lies t ultimate =m ( prose :i* we see 9 ma!matical reason+ or 9 a telegraphic /yle1 :]e absolutely no?+ is rhetorical & spee* is d5ud$ ( e feature n indisp5sable to its symbolic rle4 ,betwe5 ^! two extremes lies ! broad field ( poetry1 or r ( imag9ative or playful expression1 :]e ! v]bal m$ium is a m$ium inde$1 hav+ a c]ta9 transp>5cy1 a c]ta9 ref]5ce to indep5d5t facts1 b at ! same "t elaborates ! fact 9 express+ x1 & end[s x ) aff9ities ali5 to its prop] nature4 ,a pun is a grotesque example ( su* diremption1 :]e ambiguities belong+ only to spee* are us$ to sugge/ impossible sub/itutions 9 ideas4 ,less frankly1 language habitually wre/s its subject-matt] 9 "s measure f its real context & transf]s x to a repres5t$ & second>y _w1 ! _w ( logic & reflection4 ,concretions 9 exi/5ce are subsum$1 :5 nam$1 "u concretions 9 disc\rse4 ,gramm> lays viol5t h&s ^u exp]i5ce1 & ev]y?+ becomes a prey to wit & fancy1 a mat]ial = fiction & eloqu5ce4 ,man's intellectual progress has a poetic phase1 9 :i* he imag9es ! _w2 & !n a sci5tific phase1 9 :i* he sifts & te/s :at he has imag9$4 ,sid5ote3 ,s\nd & object1 9 _! s5su\s pres5ce1 may h aff9ity4 ,9 :at measure d inflection & syntax repres5t any?+ 9 ! subject-matt] ( disc\rse8 ,9 :at measure are !y an indep5d5t play ( expression1 a quasi-musical1 quasi-ma!matical veil int]pos$ betwe5 reflection & exi/5ce8 ,"o :o kn[s only languages ( a s+le family c give b a biass$ answ] to ?is "q4 ,!re are d\btless _m approa*es to correct symbolism 9 language1 :i* gramm> may h foll[$ up at diff]5t times 9 /rangely diff]5t ways4 ,t ! m$ium 9 e art has a "* ( its own1 a "* limit+ its repres5tative value1 may p]haps be safely ass]t$1 & ?is intr9sic "* 9 ! m$ium ant$ates & p]meates all repres5tation4 ,phonetic possibilities & phonetic habits belong1 9 language1 to ?is indisp5sable vehicle2 :at ! ?roat & lips c emit easily & di/+ui%ably1 & :at sequ5ces c appeal to ! e> & be reta9$1 dep5d alike on physiological conditions2 & no matt] h[ conv5i5t or inconv5i5t ^! conditions may be = signification1 !y w always make !mselves felt & may sometimes rema9 pr$om9ant4 ,9 poetry !y are /ill conspicu\s4 ,euphony1 metre1 & rhyme col\r ! images !y transmit & add a *>m :olly extr9sic & imput$4 ,9 ?is imm]sion ( ! message 9 ! m$ium & 9 its intr9sic movem5t ! magic ( poetry lies2 & ! miracle gr[s z !re is m or less native analogy betwe5 ! m$ium's movem5t & t ( ! subject-matt]4 ,bo? language & ideas involve processes 9 ! bra94 ,! two processes may be :olly disp>ate if we reg>d _! objects only & =get _! seat1 z ,a!na is 9 no way l9k$ to an elephant's tusk2 yet 9 p]ception all processes are contigu\s & ex]cise a s+le organism1 9 :i* !y may f9d !mselves 9 sympa!tic or antipa!tic vibration4 ,on ?is circum/ance hangs t subtle congruity betwe5 subject & vehicle :i* is o!rwise su* a my/]y 9 expression4 ,if to ?9k ( ,a!na & to look on ivory are congru\s physiological processes1 if !y su/a9 or height5 ea* o!r1 !n to repres5t ,a!na 9 ivory w be a happy exp$i5t1 9 :i* ! v nature ( ! m$ium w already be help+ u =w>d4 ,sc5t & =m g bett] toge!r1 = in/ance1 9 ! violet or ! rose ?an 9 ! hyac9? or ! poppy3 & be+ bett] compact$ = human p]ception !y seem m expressive & c be l9k$ m unequivocally ) o!r s\rces ( feel+4 ,s a giv5 vocal s\nd may h m or less analogy to ! ?+ x is us$ to signify2 ?is analogy may be obvi\s1 z 9 onomatopoeia1 or subtle1 z :5 %ort1 %>p s\nds g ) decision1 or involv$ rhy?ms & vague rev]b]ations ) a float+ dream4 ,:at seems exquisite to "o poet may accord+ly seem vapid to ano!r1 :5 ! texture ( exp]i5ce 9 ! two m9ds diff]s1 s t a giv5 composition ru/les ?r\gh "o man's fancy z a w9d might ?r\gh a wood1 b f9ds no sympa!tic response 9 ! o!r organism1 n]v$ z x may be1 p]haps1 to precision 9 ?\ght & action4 ,sid5ote3 ,syntax positively repres5tative4 ,! /ructure ( language1 :5 x passes beyond ! phonetic level1 beg9s at once to lean ^u exi/5ces & to imitate ! /ructure ( ?+s4 ,we di/+ui% ! p>ts ( spee*1 = in/ance1 9 subs]vi5ce to di/9ctions :i* we make 9 ideas4 ,! feel+ or quality repres5t$ by an adjective1 ! relation indicat$ by a v]b1 ! sub/ance or concretion ( qualities designat$ by a n\n1 are div]sities gr[+ up 9 exp]i5ce1 by no means attributable to ! m]e play ( s\nd4 ,! p>ts ( spee* are !re=e repres5tative4 ,_! inflection is repres5tative too1 s9ce t5ses m>k important practical diff]5ces 9 ! di/ribution ( ! ev5ts describ$1 & cases express ! respective rles play$ by objects 9 ! op]ation4 8,i /ruck him & he w /rike me10 r5d]s 9 l+ui/ic symbols a m>k$ *ange 9 ! situation2 ! v>iation 9 phrase is n rhetorical4 ,language "h1 ?\gh borr[$ no d\bt f ance/ral poetry1 has left all rev]y f> beh9d1 & has be5 subm]g$ 9 ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,yet x vitiates :at x repres5ts4 ,! m$ium1 h[ev]1 con/antly reass]ts itself4 ,an example may be f\nd 9 g5d]1 :i*1 cle>ly repres5tative 9 a measure1 cuts loose 9 language f all g5u9e repres5tation & becomes a feature 9 ab/ract l+ui/ic design1 a =mal *>act]i/ic 9 expression4 ,contra/$ s5tim5ts p]meate an animal's deal+s ) 8 own sex & ) ! o!r2 n\ns & adjectives repres5t ?is contra/ by tak+ on mascul9e & fem99e =ms4 ,! di/9ction is inde$ s important t :olly diff]5t words--man & woman1 bull & c[--/& = ! be/-kn[n animals ( diff]5t sex2 :ile adjectives1 :]e decl5sion is ext9ct1 z 9 ,engli%1 (t5 take on a connotation ( g5d] & are appli$ to "o sex only--z we say a beautiful woman1 b h>dly a beautiful man4 ,b g5d] 9 language ext5ds mu* f>!r ?an sex1 & ev5 if by "s subtle analogy all ! mascul9e & fem99e n\ns 9 a language c\ld be atta*$ to some?+ sugge/+ sex 9 ! objects !y designate1 yet x c h>dly be ma9ta9$ t ! elaborate concordance incid5t ^u t di/9ction is repres5tative ( any felt quality 9 ! ?+s4 ,s remote an analogy to sex c\ld n ass]t itself p]vasively4 ,?us ,horace says3 ,quis multa gracilis te pu] 9 rosa p]fusis liquidis urget odoribus grato1 ,pyrrha1 sub antro8 ,"h we may p]ceive :y ! rose 0 in/9ctively made fem99e1 & we may grant t ! b[]1 ?\gh ! reason escape u1 0 someh[ prop]ly mascul9e2 b no "o w\ld urge t a pr(usion ( roses 0 also intr9sically fem99e1 or t ! pleasantness ( a b[] 0 ev] specifically mascul9e to s5se4 ,! epi!ts multa & grato take _! g5d] f ! n\ns1 ev5 ?\gh ! quality !y designate fails to d s4 ,_! g5d] is !re=e non-repres5tative & purely =mal2 x m>ks an intra-l+ui/ic accommodation4 ,! m$ium has develop$ a syntactical /ructure ap>t f any intr9sic significance !reby accru+ to its elem5ts4 ,artificial concordance 9 g5d] does n express g5d]3 x m]ely emphasises ! grammatical l9ks 9 ! phrases & makes great] v>iety possible 9 ! arrangem5t ( words4 ,sid5ote3 ,difficulty 9 subdu+ a liv+ m$ium4 ,?is example may prep>e u to und]/& a g5]al pr9ciple3 t language1 :ile ess5tially significant view$ 9 its function1 is indef9itely wa/eful1 be+ me*anical & t5tative 9 its orig94 ,x ov]loads itself1 & be+ prim>ily music1 & a labyr9? ( s\nds1 x develops an articulation & me?od ( its own1 :i* only 9 ! end1 & ) mu* inexactness1 rev]ts to its function ( expression4 ,h[ great ! possibilities ( effect are 9 develop+ a pure m$ium we c be/ appreciate 9 music2 b 9 language a simil> developm5t goes on :ile x is be+ appli$ to repres5t+ ?+s4 ,! organ is spontane\s1 ! function adv5titi\s & sup]impos$4 ,rhetoric & utility keep language go+1 z c5trifugal & c5tripetal =ces keep a planet 9 its c\rse4 ,euphony1 v]bal analogy1 grammatical fancy1 poetic confusion1 cont9ually drive language afield1 9 its own tang5tial direction2 :ile ! bus9ess ( life1 9 :i* language is employ$1 & ! natural lapse ( rhetorical fa%ions1 z cont9ually draw x back t[>ds conv5i5ce & exactitude4 ,sid5ote3 ,language =e%ort5s exp]i5ce4 ,betwe5 music & b>e symbolism language has its florid expansion4 ,until music is subord9at$1 spee* has little s5se2 x c h>dly tell a /ory or indicate an object unequivocally4 ,yet if music 7 left beh9d altoge!r1 language w\ld pass into a sort ( algebra or vocal %or?&1 )\t lit]>y quality2 x w\ld become :olly indicative & record facts )\t col\r+ !m ideally4 ,?is m$ium & its intr9sic developm5t1 ?\gh !y make ! bane ( reproduction1 make ! ess5ce ( art2 !y give repres5tation a new & specific value su* z ! object1 be=e repres5tation1 c\ld n h possess$4 ,consci\sness itself is su* a m$ium 9 respect to diffuse exi/5ce1 :i* x =e%ort5s & elevates into syn!tic ideas4 ,reason1 too1 by br++ ! movem5t ( ev5ts & incl9ations to a head 9 s+le acts ( reflection1 ?us atta9+ to laws & purposes1 introduces into life ! influ5ce ( a repres5tative m$ium1 )\t :i* life c\ld nev] pass f a process into an art4 ,language acquires scope 9 ! same way1 by its k9dly infidelities2 its metaphors & syntax l5d exp]i5ce p]spective4 ,language vitiates ! exp]i5ce x expresses1 b !reby makes ! burd5 ( "o mom5t relevant to t ( ano!r4 ,! two exp]i5ces1 id5tifi$ r\ghly ) ! same concretion 9 disc\rse1 are pron\nc$ simil> or comp>able 9 "*4 ,?us a prov]b1 by its v]bal pung5cy & rhy?m1 becomes m memorable ?an ! ev5t x fir/ describ$ w\ld ev] h be5 if n translat$ into an epigram & r5d]$1 s to speak1 applicable to new cases2 = by t translation ! ev5t has become an idea4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is a p]petual my?ology4 ,to turn ev5ts into ideas is ! function ( lit]ature4 ,music1 :i* 9 a c]ta9 s5se is a mass ( pure =ms1 mu/ leave its 8ideas0 imb$d$ 9 _! own m$ium--!y are musical ideas--& _c impose !m on any =eign mat]ial1 su* z human affairs4 ,sci5ce1 on ! contr>y1 seeks to disclose ! bleak anatomy ( exi/5ce1 /ripp+ (f z mu* z possible ! veil ( prejudice & words4 ,lit]ature takes a middle c\rse & tries to subdue music1 :i* = its purposes w\ld be futile & too ab/ract1 into con=mity ) g5]al exp]i5ce1 mak+ music !reby significant4 ,lit]>y art 9 ! end rejects all unmean+ n\ri%es1 all complications t h no c\nt]p>t 9 ?+s or no use 9 express+ _! relations2 at ! same "t x aspires to dige/ t reality to :i* x conf9es itself1 mak+ x ov] into ideal sub/ance & mat]ial = ! m9d4 ,x looks at ?+s ) an incorrigibly dramatic eye1 turn+ !m into p]man5t unities 7:i* !y nev] are7 & almo/ into p]sons1 gr\p+ !m by _! imag9ative or moral aff9ities & reta9+ 9 !m *iefly :at is incid5tal to _! be+1 namely1 ! "p !y may *ance to play 9 man's adv5tures4 ,su* lit]>y art dem&s a subject-matt] o!r ?an ! lit]>y impulse itself4 ,! lit]>y man is an int]pret] & h>dly succe$s1 z ! musician may1 )\t exp]i5ce & ma/]y ( human affairs4 ,8 art is half g5ius & half fidelity4 ,he ne$s inspiration2 he mu/ wait = automatic musical t5d5cies to f]m5t 9 8 m9d1 prov+ x to be f]tile 9 devices1 comp>isons1 & bold assimilations4 ,yet inspiration alone w lead him a/ray1 = 8 art is relative to some?+ o!r ?an its own =mal impulse2 x comes to cl>ify ! real _w1 n to encumb] x2 & x ne$s to r5d] its native agility practical & to atta* its volume ( feel+ to :at is mom5t\s 9 human life4 ,lit]ature has its piety1 its consci5ce2 x _c long =get1 )\t =feit+ all dignity1 t x s]ves a burd5$ & p]plex$ creature1 a human animal /ruggl+ to p]suade ! univ]sal ,sph9x to propose a m intelligible riddle4 ,irresponsible & trivial 9 its ab/ract impulse1 man's simian *att] becomes noble z x becomes symbolic2 its repres5tative function l5ds x a s]i\s beauty1 its utility end[s x ) moral wor?4 ,sid5ote3 ,x may be apt or inapt1 ) equal ri*ness4 ,sid5ote3 ,absolute language a possible b fooli% art4 ,^! relations1 9 det]m9+ ! function ( language1 det]m9e ! ideal :i* its /ructure %\ld approa*4 ,any sort ( gramm> & rhetoric1 ! mo/ absurd & inapplicable z well z ! mo/ descriptive1 c be spontane\s2 fit organisms are n less natural ?an ^? t are unfit4 ,felicit\s g5ius is s call$ because x meets exp]i5ce half-way4 ,a g5ius :i* flies 9 ! opposite direction1 ?\gh n less f]tile int]nally1 is ext]nally inept & is call$ madness4 ,ineptitude is some?+ :i* language ne$s to %ake (f4 ,bett] surr5d] altoge!r "s v]bal categories & />t aga91 9 t respect1 ) a clean slate1 ?an p]si/ 9 any l9e ( developm5t t ali5ates ?\ght f reality4 ,! language ( birds is excell5t 9 its way1 & ^? anci5t sages :o are report$ to h und]/ood x v likely _h m]ely p]ceiv$ t x 0 n meant to be intelligible2 = x is n to und]/& nature to r$uce h] *ildi%ly to a human scale4 ,man1 :o is m]g$ 9 univ]sal nature at ! roots ( 8 be+1 is n )\t pr(\nd irrational intuitions by :i* he c half div9e h] secret processes2 & 8 he>t1 9 its own s++ & flutt]+1 might n :olly mis9t]pret ! birds4 ,b human disc\rse is n wor? hav+ if x is m]e pip+1 & helps n at all 9 ma/]+ ?+s2 = man is intellig5t1 :i* is ano!r way ( say+ t he aspires to envisage 9 ?\ght :at he is deal+ ) 9 action4 ,disc\rse t absolv$ itself f t obs]vant duty w\ld n be cognitive2 & 9 fail+ to be cognitive x w\ld fail to r$eem ! practical =ces x ignor$ f _! brute ext]nality1 & to make !m tribut>y to ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,?us its own dignity & cont9u$ exi/5ce dep5d on its le>n+ to express mom5t\s facts1 facts important = action & happ9ess2 & !re is no?+ :i* s quickly discr$its itself z empty rhetoric & dialectic1 or poetry t w&]s 9 dim & private worlds4 ,if pure music1 ev5 ) its imm5se s5su\s appeal1 is s easily t$i\s1 :at a univ]sal yawn mu/ meet ! v]biage :i* develops no?+ b its own iridesc5ce4 ,absolute v]sification & absolute dialectic may h _! place 9 society2 !y give play to an organ t has its rights l any o!r1 & t1 aft] s]v+ = a :ile 9 ! economy ( life1 may well claim a holiday 9 :i* to disport itself irresponsibly among ! f[ls ( ! air & ! lilies ( ! field4 ,b ! ex]cise is trivial2 & if its high prie/s g ?r\gh _! mumm]ies ) a c]ta9 unction1 & pret5d to be waft$ by !m into a high] _w1 ! ph5om5on is nei!r new nor rem>kable4 ,language is a wond]ful & pliant m$ium1 & :y %\ld x n l5d itself to impo/ure8 ,a sy/ematic abuse ( words1 z ( o!r ?+s1 is nev] )\t "s inn] h>mony or propriety t makes x prosp]2 only ! man :o looks beyond & sees ! practical results awakes to ! villa9y ( x4 ,9 ! end1 h[ev]1 ^? :o play ) words lose _! lab\r1 & pregnant z !y feel !mselves to be ) new & wond]ful univ]ses1 !y _c humanise ! "o 9 :i* !y live & r bani% !mselves f x by _! p]si/5t egotism & irrelevance4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,poetry ,,& ,,prose ,sid5ote3 ,=ce ( prim>y expressions4 ,!re is bo? tru? & illusion 9 ! say+ t primitive poets are sublime4 ,g5esis & ! ,iliad 7works d\btless back$ by a long tradition7 are inde$ sublime4 ,primitive m51 hav+ p]haps develop$ language be=e ! o!r arts1 us$ x ) s+ul> directness to describe ! *ief episodes ( life1 :i* 0 all t life z yet conta9$4 ,!y _h frank passions & saw ?+s f s+le po9ts ( view4 ,a brea? f t e>ly _w seems to enl>ge our natures1 & to re/ore to language1 :i* we h sophi/icat$1 all its magnific5ce & tru?4 ,b !re is m1 = 7z we h se57 language is spontane\s2 x con/itutes an act be=e x regi/]s an obs]vation4 ,x gives v5t to emotion be=e x is adju/$ to ?+s ext]nal & r$uc$1 z x 71 to its own e*o reb\nd+ f a refractory _w4 ,! lion's ro>1 ! bell[+ ( bulls1 ev5 ! sea's cad5ce has a great sublimity4 ,?\gh h>dly 9 itself poetry1 an animal cry1 :5 /ill audible 9 human language1 r5d]s x also ! unansw]able1 ! ultimate voice ( nature4 ,no?+ c s pi]ce ! s\l z ! utt]mo/ sigh ( ! body4 ,!re is no utt]ance s ?rill+ z t ( absolute impulse1 if absolute impulse has le>n$ to speak at all4 ,an int5se1 inhospitable m9d1 fill$ ) a s+le idea1 9 :i* all animal1 social1 & moral int]e/s are fus$ toge!r1 speaks a language ( incomp>able =ce4 ,?us ! ,hebrew prophets1 9 _! savage conc5tration1 p\r$ into "o torr5t all t _! s\ls possess$ or c\ld dream (4 ,:at o!r m5 are wont to pursue 9 politics1 bus9ess1 religion1 or art1 !y look$ = f "o wave ( national rep5tance & consecration4 ,_! age1 swept by ?is ideal passion1 possess$ at ! same "t a fre% & homely vocabul>y2 & ! result 0 an eloqu5ce s elem5tal & combative1 s imag9ative & s bitt]ly practical1 t ! _w has nev] he>d its l4 ,su* s+le-m9d$ness1 ) su* h]oic simplicity 9 words & images1 is h>dly possible 9 a late civilisation4 ,cultivat$ poets are n unconsci\sly sublime4 ,sid5ote3 ,its exclusiv5ess & n>r[ness4 ,! sublimity ( e>ly utt]ances %\ld n be hail$1 h[ev]1 ) unmix$ admiration4 ,x is a sublimity born ( defect or at lea/ ( disproportion4 ,! w ass]ts itself magnific5tly2 images1 l ?und]-cl\ds1 seem to cov] half ! firmam5t at once4 ,b su* a w is sadly inexp]i5c$2 x has h>dly ta/$ or ev5 conceiv$ any possible or high satisfactions4 ,its lurid firmam5t is poor 9 />s4 ,to ?r[ ! :ole m9d ^u some?+ is n s great a feat :5 ! m9d has no?+ else to ?r[ itself ^u4 ,e animal :5 goad$ becomes int5se2 & x is p]haps m]ely ! apa?y 9 :i* mortals are wont to live t keeps !m f be+ habitually sublime 9 _! s5tim5ts4 ,! sympa?y t makes a %eep ha/5 aft] its fell[s1 9 vague al>m or 9 vague affection2 ! fi]ce premonitions t drive a bull to ! heif]2 ! pati5ce ) :i* a h5 sits on h] eggs2 ! loyalty :i* a dog %[s to 8 ma/]--:at ?\ghts may n all ^! in/9cts involve1 :i* x ne$s only a m$ium ( communication to translate into poetry8 ,man1 ?\gh ) less :ol5ess ( s\l1 enacts ! same dramas4 ,he he>s voices on all occasions2 he incorporates :at little he obs]ves ( nature into 8 v]bal dreams2 & z ea* new impulse bubbles to ! surface he feels himself on ! v]ge ( "s inexpressible heav5 or hell4 ,he ne$s b to ab&on himself to t see?+ *aos :i* p]petually und]lies conv5tional sanity--a *aos 9 :i* memory & prophecy1 vision & imp]sonation1 s\nd & s5se1 are inextricably jumbl$ toge!r--to f9d himself at once 9 a magic _w1 irrecov]able1 l>gely unmean+1 t]ribly intricate1 b1 z he w conceive1 deep1 inw>d1 & absolutely real4 ,he w h rev]t$1 9 o!r words1 to crude exp]i5ce1 to primordial illusion4 ,! movem5t ( 8 animal or vegetative m9d w be f> f delightful2 x w be un9tellig5t & un9telligible2 no?+ 9 p>ticul> w be repres5t$ !re92 b x w be a movem5t 9 ! s\l & = ! s\l1 z excit+ & compulsive z ! s\l's volume c make x4 ,9 ?is muddy torr5t words also may be c>ri$ d[n2 & if ^! words are by *ance /rung toge!r into a cad5ce1 & are aft]w>ds writt5 d[n1 !y may rema9 = a mem5to ( t turbid mom5t4 ,su* words we may at fir/ hesitate to call poetry1 s9ce v likely !y are nons5se2 b ?is nons5se w h "s quality--"s rhyme or rhy?m--t makes x memorable 7else x w\ld n h surviv$72 & moreov] ! words w probably %[1 9 _! connotation & ord]1 "s sympa?y ) ! dream t ca/ !m up4 ,= ! man himself1 9 :om su* a dream may be p>tly recurr5t1 !y may consequ5tly h a consid]able p[] ( sugge/ion1 & !y may ev5 h x = o!rs1 :5ev] ! rhy?m & incantation avail to plunge !m also into a simil> trance4 ,sid5ote3 ,rudim5t>y poetry an incantation or *>m4 ,memorable nons5se1 or s\nd ) a c]ta9 hypnotic p[]1 is ! really primitive & radical =m ( poetry4 ,nor is su* poetry yet ext9ct3 *ildr5 /ill love & compose x & e g5u9e poet1 on "o side ( 8 g5ius1 rev]ts to x f explicit spee*4 ,z all language has acquir$ its mean+1 & did n h x 9 ! beg9n+1 s ! man :o laun*es a new locution1 ! poet :o creates a symbol1 mu/ d s )\t kn[+ :at significance x may ev5tually acquire1 & consci\s at be/ only ( ! emotional backgr\nd f :i* x em]g$4 ,pure poetry is pure exp]im5t2 & x is n /range t n9e-t5?s ( x %\ld be pure failure4 ,= x matt]s little :at unutt]able ?+s may h orig9ally gone toge!r ) a phrase 9 ! dream]'s m9d2 if !y 7 n utt]$ & ! phrase _c call !m back1 ?is v]bal relic is none ! ri*] = ! high company x may once h kept4 ,expressiv5ess is a mo/ accid5tal matt]4 ,:at a l9e sugge/s at "o read+1 x may nev] sugge/ aga9 ev5 to ! same p]son4 ,= ?is reason1 among o!rs1 poets are p>tial to _! own compositions2 !y truly discov] !re dep?s ( mean+ :i* exi/ = nobody else4 ,^? read]s :o appropriate a poet & make him _! own fall into a simil> illusion2 !y attribute to him :at !y !mselves supply1 & :atev] he reels out1 lo/ 9 8 own p]sonal rev]y1 seems to !m1 l sortes biblicoe1 writt5 to fit _! own case4 ,sid5ote3 ,inspiration irresponsible4 ,ju/ice has nev] be5 done to ,plato's rem>kable consi/5cy & boldness 9 decl>+ t poets are inspir$ by a div9e madness & yet1 :5 !y transgress rational b\nds1 are to be bani%$ f an ideal republic1 ?\gh n )\t "s m>ks ( ,platonic reg>d4 ,in/ead ( fillets1 a mod]n age might assign !m a cot]ie ( flatt]+ dames1 & in/ead ( bani%m5t1 />vation2 b ! result w\ld be ! same 9 ! end4 ,a poet is inspir$ because :at occurs 9 8 bra9 is a true exp]im5t 9 creation4 ,8 appreh5sion plays ) words & _! mean+s z nature1 9 any spontane\s v>iation1 plays ) h] own /ructure4 ,a me*anical =ce %ifts ! kaleidoscope2 a new direction is giv5 to gr[? or a new gi/ to signification4 ,?is inspiration1 moreov]1 is mad1 be+ :olly ignorant ( its own issue2 & ?\gh x has a confus$ fund ( exp]i5ce & v]bal habit on :i* to draw1 x draws on ?is fund bl9dly & q at r&om1 consci\sly possess$ by no?+ b a c]ta9 /ress & pregnancy & ! pa9s1 z x 71 ( p>turition4 ,f9ally ! new bir? has to be inspect$ critically by ! public c5sor be=e x is all[$ to live2 mo/ probably x is too feeble & defective to prosp] 9 ! common air1 or is a mon/] t violates "s prim>y rule ( civic exi/5ce1 torm5t+ itself to di/urb o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,plato's discrim9at+ view4 ,plato seems to h exagg]at$ ! havoc :i* ^! poetic dragons c "w 9 ! _w4 ,!y are 9 fact m (t5 absurd ?an v5om\s1 & no special legislation is ne$$ to aboli% !m4 ,!y soon die quietly ( univ]sal neglect4 ,! poetry t ord9>ily circulates among a p is poetry ( a second>y & conv5tional sort t propagates e/abli%$ ideas 9 trite metaphors4 ,popul> poets are ! p>i% prie/s ( ! ,muse1 retail+ h] anci5t div9ations to a long s9ce conv]t$ public4 ,plato's qu>rel 0 n s mu* ) poetic art z ) anci5t my? & emotional laxity3 he 0 prea*+ a crusade aga9/ ! e/abli%$ *ur*4 ,= naturali/ic deities he wi%$ to sub/itute moral symbols2 = ! joys ( s5se1 au/]ity & ab/raction4 ,to proscribe ,hom] 0 a m>k$ way ( prote/+ aga9/ ! frivol\s reign+ ideals4 ,! case is mu* z if we %\ld n[ proscribe ! book ( ,g5esis1 on acc\nt ( its my?ical cosmogony1 or 9 ord] to proclaim ! philosophic tru? t ! good1 be+ an adequate expression to be atta9$ by creation1 c\ld n possibly h prec$$ x or be5 its s\rce4 ,we might admit at ! same "t t ,g5esis conta9s excell5t images & t its poetic =ce is rem>kable2 s t if s]i\s misund]/&+ c\ld be avoid$ ! c5sor might be glad to leave x 9 ev]ybody's h&s4 ,plato 9 "s su* way recognis$ t ,hom] 0 poetical & ref]r$ 8 works1 mis*iev\s z !y might prove incid5tally1 to div9e inspiration4 ,poetic madness1 l madness 9 prophecy or love1 bur/s ! body ( ?+s to escape f x into "s ideal2 & ev5 ! ,hom]ic _w1 ?\gh no model = a rational /ate1 0 a *e]ful h]oic vision1 cong5ial to _m e>ly impulses & dreams ( ! m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,explosive & pregnant expression4 ,hom]1 inde$1 0 no primitive poet2 he 0 a consummate ma/]1 ! heir to g5]ations ( discipl9e 9 bo? life & art4 ,?is appe>s 9 8 p]fect prosody1 9 8 limpid /yle1 9 8 s5se = proportion1 8 ab/5tions1 & ! frank pa?os ( 8 portraits & pr9ciples1 9 :i* !re is no?+ gross1 subjective1 or arbitr>y4 ,! inspirations t came to him nev] c>ri$ him into crud5ess or absurdity4 ,e mod]n poet1 ?\gh ! _w he describes may be m ref9$ 9 spots & m elaborate1 is less advanc$ 9 8 art2 = art is made rudim5t>y n by its date b by its irrationality4 ,yet ev5 if ,hom] _h be5 primitive he might well h be5 inspir$1 9 ! same way z a ,bac*ic fr5zy or a my/ic trance2 ! mo/ blund]+ explosions may be ju/ifi$ antec$5tly by ! pla/ic =ce t is v5t$ 9 !m4 ,!y may be expressive1 9 ! physical s5se ( ?is ambigu\s ^w2 =1 f> z !y may be f convey+ an idea1 !y may betray a t5d5cy & prove t some?+ is /irr+ 9 ! s\l4 ,expressiv5ess is (t5 /]ile2 b x is sometimes f]tile & capable ( reproduc+ 9 repres5tation ! exp]i5ce f :i* x sprang4 ,z a tree 9 ! autumn %$s leaves & se$s toge!r1 s a rip5+ exp]i5ce comes indiff]5tly to v>i\s manife/ations1 "s b>r5 & )\t fur!r function1 o!rs fit to c>ry ! p>5t exp]i5ce ov] into ano!r m9d1 & give x a new embodim5t !re4 ,expressiv5ess 9 ! =m] case is dead1 l t ( a fossil2 9 ! latt] x is liv+ & efficaci\s1 recreat+ its orig9al4 ,! fir/ is idle self-manife/ation1 ! second rational art4 ,sid5ote3 ,natural hi/ory ( inspiration4 ,self-manife/ation1 s soon z x is not$ & accept$ z su*1 seems to pres5t ! same m>vel z any ideal success4 ,su* self-manife/ation is incessant1 _m-sid$1 unavoidable2 yet x seems a miracle :5 its conditions are look$ back ^u f ! vantage gr\nd ( _! result4 ,by read+ _s out ( a "w we turn x into a feat ( inspiration4 ,?us ev5 ! crude/ & lea/ coh]5t utt]ances1 :5 we suspect "s s\l to be grop+ 9 !m1 & /riv+ to address u1 become oracul>2 a div9e afflatus brea!s beh9d _! gibb]i% & !y seem to manife/ "s deep int5t4 ,! miracle ( creation or inspiration consi/s 9 no?+ b ?is1 t an ext]nal effect %\ld embody an inn] int5tion4 ,! miracle1 ( c\rse1 is app>5t only1 & due to an inv]t$ & capti\s po9t ( view4 ,9 tru? ! t5d5cy t execut$ ! "w 0 :at fir/ made its conception possible2 b ?is conception1 f9d+ ! "w responsive 9 "s measure to its inn] dem&1 attributes t response to its own magic pr]ogative4 ,h5ce ! lea/ /ir & rumble ( =mative processes1 :5 x g5]ates a s\l1 makes itself someh[ t s\l's int]pret]2 & dim z ! _s & its expression may bo? rema91 !y are none ! less 9 pr(\nd concord1 a concord :i* we>s a miracul\s provid5tial "* :5 x is appreciat$ )\t be+ und]/ood4 ,sid5ote3 ,expressions to be und]/ood mu/ be recreat$1 & s *ang$4 ,primitive poetry is ! basis ( all disc\rse4 ,if we op5 any anci5t book we come at once ^u an elaborate language1 & on div]s conv5tional concepts1 ( ^: orig9 & hi/ory we he> no?+4 ,we mu/ read on1 until by d9t ( guess+ & by confront+ in/ances we gr[ to und]/& ^? symbols4 ,! writ] 0 himself heir to a l+ui/ic tradition :i* he made 8 own by ! same process ( adoption & t5tative use by :i* we1 9 turn1 int]pret 8 phrases3 he und]/ood :at he he>d 9 t]ms ( 8 own exp]i5ce1 & attribut$ to 8 pr$ecessors 7no matt] :at _! incommunicable feel+s may h be57 su* ideas z _! words g5]at$ 9 8 own ?9k+4 ,9 ?is way expressions cont9ually *ange _! s5se2 !y c communicate a ?\ght only by diffus+ a /imulus1 & 9 pass+ f m\? to m\? !y w :olly rev]se _! connotation1 unless "s ext]nal object or "s recurr+ human situation gives !m a con/ant /&>d1 by :i* private ab]rations may be *eck$4 ,?us 9 ! fir/ phrase ( ,g5esis1 8,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>?10 ! words h a /able mean+ only 9 s f> z !y are indicative & br+ u back to a /able object4 ,:at 8heav5s0 & 8e>?0 /& = c be convey$ by ge/ures1 by m]ely po9t+ up & d[n2 b beyond t s5su\s connotation _! mean+ has entirely *ang$ s9ce !y 7 "h writt52 & no two m9ds1 ev5 to-day1 w respond to ^! famili> words ) exactly ! same images4 8,beg9n+0 & 8creat$0 h a sup]ficial cle>ness1 ?\gh _! implications _c be def9$ )\t precipitat+ ! mo/ intricate metaphysics1 :i* w\ld end 9 no?+ b a pro( t bo? t]ms 7 ambigu\s & un?9kable4 ,z to ! ^w 8,god10 all mutual und]/&+ is impossible4 ,x is a float+ lit]>y symbol1 ) a value :i*1 if we def9e x sci5tifically1 becomes q algebraic4 ,z no exp]i5c$ object corresponds to x1 x is )\t fix$ indicative =ce1 & admits any s5se :i* its context 9 any m9d may happ5 to give x4 ,9 ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ,g5esis its mean+1 we may safely say1 is 8a mascul9e be+ by :om heav5 & e>? 7 creat$40 ,to fill out ?is implication o!r in/ances ( ! ^w w\ld h to be ga!r$1 9 ea* ( :i*1 ( c\rse1 ! ^w w\ld appe> ) a new & p]haps incompatible mean+4 ,sid5ote3 ,expressions may be reca/ p]v]sely1 humor\sly1 or sublimely4 ,:5ev] a ^w appe>s 9 a radically new context x has a radically new s5se3 ! expression 9 :i* x s figures is a poetic figm5t1 a fre% lit]>y creation4 ,su* inv5tion is sometimes p]v]se1 sometimes humor\s1 sometimes sublime2 t is1 x may ei!r buffet old associations )\t enl>g+ !m1 or give !m a plausible b impossible twi/1 or enl>ge !m to cov]1 ) unexpect$ propriety1 a mu* wid] or m mom5t\s exp]i5ce4 ,! =ce ( exp]i5ce 9 any mom5t--if we ab/ract f repres5t$ values--is emotional2 s t = sublime poetry :at is requir$ is to tap "s res]voir ( feel+4 ,if a phrase op5s ! flood-gates ( emotion1 x has made itself mo/ deeply significant4 ,its discursive range & cle>ness may n be rem>kable2 its emotional p[] w q suffice4 ,= ?is reason aga9 primitive poetry may be sublime3 9 its in*oate phrases !re is aff9ity to raw passion & _! v bl9dness may s]ve to br+ t passion back4 ,poetry has body2 x repres5ts ! volume ( exp]i5ce z well z its =m1 & to express volume a primitive poet w rely r on rhy?m1 s\nd1 & cond5s$ sugge/ion ?an on discursive fulness or scope4 ,sid5ote3 ,! nature ( prose4 ,! desc5t f poetry to prose is 9 "o s5se a progress4 ,:5 use has worn d[n a poetic phrase to its ext]nal import1 & r5d]$ x an indiff]5t symbol = a p>ticul> ?+1 t phrase has become prosaic2 x has also become1 by ! same process1 transp>5t & purely in/rum5tal4 ,9 poetry feel+ is transf]r$ by contagion2 9 prose x is communicat$ by b5d+ ! att5tion ^u det]m9ate objects2 ! "o /imulates & ! o!r in=ms4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( poetry v>i\s m9ds radiate f a some:at simil> core ( s5sation1 f ! same vital mood1 into ! mo/ div]se & incommunicable images4 ,int]locutors speak+ prose1 on ! contr>y1 pelt & besiege "o ano!r ) a p]iph]al attack2 !y come into contact at sundry sup]ficial po9ts & !nce pu% _! agreem5t inw>ds1 until p]haps a practical co9cid5ce is arriv$ at 9 _! ?\ght4 ,agreem5t is produc$ by controll+ ea* m9d ext]nally1 ?r\gh a s]ies ( *ecks & little appeals to possible s5sation2 :]eas 9 poetry ! agreem5t1 :]e x exi/s1 is vague & massive2 !re is an initial fusion ( m9ds "u hypnotic musical influ5ces1 f :i* ea* li/5]1 z he awakes1 passes into 8 own ?\ghts & int]pretations4 ,9 prose ! vehicle = communication is a conv5tional sign1 /&+ 9 ! la/ analysis = "s demon/rable object or controllable feel+4 ,by m>%all+ specific details a c]ta9 indirect suasion is ex]cis$ on ! m9d1 z nature h]self1 by cont9ual *ecks & d5ials1 gradually tames ! human w4 ,! elem5ts ( prose are always practical1 if we run back & recon/ruct _! primitive ess5ce1 = at bottom e exp]i5ce is an orig9al & n a copy1 a nucleus = ideation r ?an an object to :i* ideas may ref]4 ,x is :5 ^! /imulations are %ak5 toge!r & become a sy/em ( mutual *ecks t !y beg9 to take on ideally a rhy?m borr[$ f ! ord] 9 :i* !y actually recurr$4 ,!n a prophetic or repres5tative movem5t arises 9 ?\ght4 ,be=e ?is comes ab\t1 exp]i5ce rema9s a con/antly r5ovat$ dream1 z poetry to ! end conspires to keep x4 ,= poetry1 :ile truly poetical1 nev] loses sight ( initial feel+s & und]ly+ appeals2 x is incorrigibly transc5d5tal1 & takes e pres5t passion & e private dream 9 turn = ! core ( ! univ]se4 ,by creat+ new signs1 or by reca/+ & cross+ ^? :i* h become conv5tional1 x keeps communication massive & in/9ctive1 imm]s$ 9 music1 & inexhau/ible by cle> ?\ght4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is m advanc$ & responsible ?an poetry4 ,ly+ is a privilege ( poets because !y h n yet rea*$ ! level on :i* tru? & error are disc]nible4 ,v]acity & significance are n ideals = a primitive m9d2 we le>n to value !m z we le>n to live1 :5 we discov] t ! _s _c be :olly free & solipsi/ic4 ,to h to di/+ui% fact f fancy is s great a viol5ce to ! inn] man t n only poets1 b !ologians & philosoph]s1 /ill prote/ aga9/ su* a di/9ction4 ,!y urge 7:at is p]fectly true = a rudim5t>y creature7 t facts are m]e conceptions & conceptions full-fl$g$ facts2 b ?is int]e/+ embryonic lore !y apply1 9 _! intellectual weakness1 to retract+ or und]m9+ ^? human categories :i*1 ?\gh alone fruitful or applicable 9 life1 are n cong5ial to _! half-=m$ imag9ation4 ,retreat+ deep] into ! inn] *aos1 !y br+ to be> ! :ole mom5tum ( an irresponsible dialectic to fru/rate ! gr[? ( repres5tative ideas3 ,9 ?is !y are g5u9e1 if some:at belat$1 poets1 exp]im5t+ anew ) solv$ problems1 & fancy+ h[ creation might h mov$ ^u o!r l9es4 ,! great m]it t prose %>es ) sci5ce is t x is responsible4 ,its consci5ce is a new & wis] imag9ation1 by :i* creative ?\ght is r5d]$ cumulative & progressive2 = a man does n build less boldly or solidly if he takes ! precaution ( build+ 9 bak$ brick4 ,prose is 9 itself meagre & bodiless1 m]ely indicat+ ! ri*es ( ! _w4 ,its transp>5cy helps u to look ?r\gh x to ! issue1 & ! signals x gives fill ! m9d ) an hone/ assurance & a prophetic art f> nobl] ?an any ec/asy4 ,sid5ote3 ,maturity br+s love ( practical tru?4 ,z m5 ( action h a bett] intellig5ce ?an poets1 if only _! action is on a broad en\gh /age1 s ! prosaic r5d]+ ( exp]i5ce has ! great] value1 if only ! exp]i5ce r5d]$ cov]s en\gh human int]e/s4 ,y\? & aspiration indulge 9 poetry2 a mature & ma/]ful m9d w (t5 despise x1 & pref] to express itself laconically 9 prose4 ,x is cle>ly prop] t prosaic habits %\ld sup]v5e 9 ?is way on ! poetical2 = y\?1 be+ z yet little f$ by exp]i5ce1 c f9d volume & dep? only 9 ! s\l2 ! half-se51 ! supra-mundane1 ! inexpressible1 seem to x alone beautiful & wor?y ( homage4 ,"t modifies ?is s5tim5t 9 two directions4 ,x bre$s lassitude & indiff]5ce t[>ds impracticable ideals1 orig9ally no less wor?y ?an ! practicable4 ,ideals :i* _c be realis$1 & are n f$ at lea/ by p>tial realisations1 soon gr[ dormant4 ,life-blood passes to o!r ve9s2 ! urg5t & palpitat+ int]e/s ( life appe> 9 o!r qu>t]s4 ,:ile ?+s impossible ?us lose _! s]i\s *>m1 ?+s actual reveal _! natural ord] & v>iety2 ^! n only c ent]ta9 ! m9d ab/ractly1 b !y c (f] a ?\s& mat]ial rew>ds 9 obs]vation & action4 ,9 _! pres5ce1 a private dream beg9s to look r *eap & hy/]ical4 ,n t exi/5ce has any dignity or pr]ogative 9 ! pres5ce ( w1 b t w itself1 be+ ela/ic1 gr[s def9ite & firm :5 x is f$ by success2 & its =m$ & expressible ideals !n put to %ame ! o!rs1 :i* h rema9$ vague = want ( practical expression4 ,mature int]e/s c5tre on soluble problems & tasks capable ( execution2 x is at su* po9ts t ! ideal c be really s]v$4 ,! individual's dream /raight5s & reassures itself by m]g+ ) ! dream ( humanity4 ,to dwell1 z irrational poets d1 on "s private exp]i5ce1 on "s emotion )\t repres5tative or ult]ior value1 !n seems a wa/e ( "t4 ,fiction becomes less int]e/+ ?an affairs1 & poetry turns into a sort ( incompet5t :imp]1 a *ildi% =e-%ort5+ ( ! outspread _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,pure prose w\ld t5d to efface itself4 ,on ! o!r h&1 prose has a great defect1 :i* is ab/ractness4 ,x drops ! volume ( exp]i5ce 9 f9d+ bodiless algebraic symbols by :i* to express x4 ,! v]bal =m1 in/ead ( transmitt+ an image1 seems to con/itute x1 9 s f> z !re is an image sugge/$ at all2 & ! ult]ior situation is describ$ only 9 ! s5se t a *ange is induc$ 9 ! he>] :i* prep>es him to meet t situation4 ,prose seems to be a use ( language 9 ! s]vice ( mat]ial life4 ,x w\ld t5d1 9 t case1 to und]m9e its own basis2 = 9 proportion z signals = action are quick & efficaci\s !y dim9i% _! s5su\s /imulus & fade f consci\sness4 ,7 language su* a set ( signals x w\ld be some?+ m]ely in/rum5tal1 :i* if made p]fect ought to be automatic & unconsci\s4 ,x w\ld be a buzz+ 9 ! e>s1 n a music native to ! m9d4 ,su* a !ory ( language w\ld treat x z a necess>y evil & w\ld look =w>d hopefully to ! ext9ction ( lit]ature1 9 :i* x w\ld recognise no?+ ideal4 ,!re is ( c\rse no reason to deprecate ! use ( vocables1 or ( any o!r mat]ial ag5cy1 to exp$ite affairs2 b an art ( spee*1 if x is to add any ultimate *>m to life1 has to sup]v5e ^u a m]e code ( signals4 ,prose1 c\ld x be purely repres5tative1 w\ld be ideally sup]flu\s4 ,a lit]>y prose accord+ly owns a d\ble allegiance1 & its life is amphibi\s4 ,x mu/ convey intellig5ce1 b intellig5ce clo!d 9 a language t l5ds ! message an intr9sic value1 & makes x delightful to appreh5d ap>t f its importance 9 ultimate !ory or practice4 ,prose is 9 t measure a f9e art4 ,x might be call$ poetry t _h become p]vasively repres5tative1 & 0 altoge!r fai?ful to its rational function4 ,sid5ote3 ,=m alone1 or sub/ance alone1 may be poetical4 ,we may !re=e ) good reason di/+ui% prosaic =m f prosaic sub/ance4 ,a novel1 a satire1 a book ( speculative philosophy1 may h a mo/ prosaic ext]ior2 e phrase may convey its idea economically2 b ! sub/ance may nev]!less be poetical1 s9ce ^! ideas may be irrelevant to all ult]ior ev5ts1 & may express no?+ b ! imag9ative en]gy t call$ !m =?4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a poetic vehicle 9 :i* !re is mu* ornam5tal play ( language & rhy?m may clo! a dry ideal skeleton4 ,s ^? trem5d\s positivi/s1 ! ,hebrew prophets1 _h ! mo/ prosaic notions ab\t ! goods & evils ( life4 ,s ,lucretius prais$1 ,i w n say ! atoms m]ely1 b ev5 fecundity & wisdom4 ,! motives1 to take ano!r example1 :i* ,rac9e attribut$ to 8 p]sonages1 7 prosaically conceiv$2 a physiologi/ c\ld n be m exact 9 8 calculations1 = ev5 love may be made ! ma9spr+ 9 a clock-"w ( emotions4 ,yet t ,rac9e 0 a born poet appe>s 9 ! music1 nobility1 & t5d]ness ( 8 m$ium2 he clo!d 8 intelligible *>act]s 9 magical & tragic robes2 ! aroma ( s5tim5t rises l a sort ( pung5t inc5se betwe5 !m & u1 & no dramati/ has ev] _h s sure a ma/]y ov] transports & te>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,poetry has its place 9 ! m$ium4 ,9 ! m$ium a poet is at home2 9 ! _w he tries to r5d]1 he is a *ild & a /rang]4 ,poetic notions are false notions2 9 s f> z _! function is repres5tative !y are vitiat$ by conta9+ elem5ts n pres5t 9 ?+s4 ,tru? is a jewel :i* %\ld n be pa9t$ ov]2 b x may be set to advantage & %[n 9 a good light4 ,! poetic way ( idealis+ reality is dull1 bungl+1 & impure2 a bett] acqua9tance ) ?+s r5d]s su* flatt]ies ridicul\s4 ,t v ef=t ( ?\ght by :i* opaque masses ( exp]i5ce 7 fir/ deta*$ f ! flux & giv5 a c]ta9 individuality1 seeks to cont9ue to cl>ify !m until !y become z transp>5t z possible4 ,to resi/ ?is cl>ification1 to love ! *ance incru/ations t encumb] human ideas1 is a piece ( timid folly1 & poetry 9 ?is respect is no?+ b *ildi% confusion4 ,poetic appreh5sion is a make%ift1 9 s f> z its cognitive wor? is conc]n$2 x is exactly1 9 ?is respect1 :at my? is to sci5ce4 ,approa*+ its subject-matt] f a di/ance1 ) incongru\s categories1 x translates x into "s vague & mislead+ symbol ri* 9 emotions :i* ! object z x is c\ld nev] ar\se & is sure pres5tly to contradict4 ,:at l5ds ^! hybrid ideas _! tempor>y eloqu5ce & *>m is _! congruity ) ! m9d t bre$s !m & ) its e>ly habits4 ,falsification1 or r cl\d$ vision1 gives to poetry a m human acc5t & a readi] welcome ?an to tru?4 ,9 o!r words1 x is ! m$ium t ass]ts itself2 ! app]ceptive p[]s indulge _! private hum\rs1 & neglect ! (fice to :i* !y 7 assign$ once = all by _! cognitive ess5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is ! be/ m$ium possible4 ,t ! m$ium %\ld s ass]t itself1 h[ev]1 is no anomaly1 ! cognitive function be+ an ult]ior "o to :i* ideas are by no means oblig$ to con=m4 ,app]ception is itself an activity or art1 & l all o!rs t]m9ates 9 a product :i* is a good 9 itself1 ap>t f its utilities4 ,if we ab/ract1 !n1 f ! repres5tative function :i* may p]haps accrue to spee*1 & reg>d x m]ely z an op]ation absorb+ en]gy & occasion+ delight1 we see t poetic language is language at its be/4 ,its ess5tial success consi/s 9 fus+ ideas 9 *>m+ s\nds or 9 metaphors t %9e by _! own brilliance4 ,poetry is an eloqu5ce ju/ifi$ by its spontaneity1 z eloqu5ce is a poetry ju/ifi$ by its application4 ,! fir/ draws ! :ole s\l into ! situation1 & ! second puts ! :ole situation be=e ! s\l4 ,sid5ote3 ,might x n convey :at x is be/ to "k8 ,is !re n1 we may ask1 "s ideal =m ( disc\rse 9 :i* app]ceptive life c\ld be engag$ ) all its volume & transmut+ p[]1 & 9 :i* at ! same "t no misrepres5tation %\ld be involv$8 ,transmutation is n errone\s :5 x is int5tional2 misrepres5tation does n please = be+ false1 b only because tru? w\ld be m cong5ial if x resembl$ su* a fiction4 ,:y %\ld n disc\rse1 !n1 h no?+ b tru? 9 its import & no?+ b beauty 9 its =m8 ,) reg>d to euphony & grammatical /ructure !re is evid5tly no?+ impossible 9 su* an ideal2 = ^! radical beauties ( language are indep5d5t ( ! subject-matt]4 ,!y =m ! body ( poetry2 b ! ideal & emotional atmosph]e :i* is its s\l dep5ds on ?+s ext]nal to language1 :i* no p]fection 9 ! m$ium c\ld modify4 ,x might seem z if ! brilliant sub/itutions1 ! magic sugge/ions ess5tial to poetry1 w\ld necess>ily vani% 9 ! full light ( day4 ,! light ( day is itself beautiful2 b w\ld n ! loss be t]rible if no o!r light 7 ev] suff]$ to %9e8 ,sid5ote3 ,a rational poetry w\ld exclude mu* n[ ?\ght poetical4 ,! ,life ( ,reason involves sacrifice4 ,:at =ces ye>n = ! ideal1 be+ _m & incompatible1 h to yield & p>tly d5y !mselves 9 ord] to atta9 any ideal at all4 ,!re is some?+ sad 9 all possible atta9m5t s long z ! rational virtue 7:i* wills su* atta9m5t7 is n p]vasive2 & ev5 !n !re is limitation to put up )1 & ! memory ( _m a defeat4 ,rational poetry is possible & w\ld be inf9itely m beautiful ?an ! o!r2 b ! *>m ( unreason1 if unreason seem *>m+1 x c]ta9ly c\ld n pres]ve4 ,9 :at human fancy dem&s1 z at pres5t con/itut$1 !re are irrational elem5ts4 ,! giv5 _w seems insuffici5t2 impossible ?+s h to be imag9$1 bo? to ext5d its limits & to fill 9 & vivify its texture4 ,hom] has a my?ology )\t :i* exp]i5ce w\ld h seem$ to him undeciph]able2 ,dante has 8 allegories & 8 mock sci5ce2 ,%akespe>e has 8 romanticism2 ,goe! 8 symbolic *>act]s & artificial ma*9]y4 ,all ?is lumb] seems to h be5 someh[ necess>y to _! g5ius2 !y c\ld n rea* expression 9 m hone/ t]ms4 ,if su* indirect expression c\ld be disc>d$1 x w\ld n be miss$2 b :ile ! m9d1 = want ( a bett] vocabul>y1 is r$uc$ to us+ ^! symbols1 x p\rs into !m a "p ( its own life & makes !m beautiful4 ,_! loss is a real bl[1 :ile ! incapacity t call$ = !m endures2 & ! s\l seems to be crippl$ by los+ its crut*es4 ,sid5ote3 ,all app]ception modifies its object4 ,!re are c]ta9 adaptations & abbreviations ( reality :i* ?\ght c nev] outgr[4 ,?\ght is repres5tative2 x enri*es ea* s\l & ea* mom5t ) premonitions ( surr\nd+ exi/5ces4 ,if disc\rse is to be significant x mu/ transf] to its t]ritory & r$uce to its scale :atev] objects x deals )3 9 o!r words1 ?\ght has a po9t ( view & _c see ! _w except 9 p]spective4 ,?is po9t ( view is n1 = reason1 locally or naturally det]m9$2 s5se alone is limit$ 9 t mat]ial fa%ion1 be+ seat$ 9 ! body & look+ !nce c5trifugally ^u ?+s 9 s f> z !y come into dynamic relations ) t body4 ,intellig5ce1 on ! contr>y1 sallies f t physical /ronghold & consi/s precisely 9 %ift+ & univ]salis+ ! po9t ( view1 neutralis+ all local1 temporal1 or p]sonal conditions4 ,yet intellig5ce1 not)/&+1 has its own c5tre & po9t ( orig91 n explicitly 9 space or 9 a natural body1 b 9 "s specific int]e/ or moral aim4 ,x translates animal life into moral endeav\r1 & :at figur$ 9 ! fir/ z a local exi/5ce figures 9 ! second z a specific good4 ,reason accord+ly has its ess5tial bias1 & looks at ?+s z !y affect ! p>ticul> =m ( life :i* reason expresses2 & ?\gh all reality %\ld be ultimately swept by ! eye ( reason1 ! :ole w\ld /ill be survey$ by a p>ticul> me?od1 f a p>ticul> />t+-po9t1 = a p>ticul> end2 nor w\ld x take mu* %rewdness to p]ceive t ?is nucleus = disc\rse & e/imation1 ?is ideal life1 corresponds 9 ! moral _w to t animal body :i* gave s5su\s exp]i5ce its seat & c5tre2 s t rationality is no?+ b ! ideal function or aspect ( natural life4 ,reason is univ]sal 9 its outlook & 9 its sympa?ies3 x is ! faculty ( *ang+ places ideally & repres5t+ ali5 po9ts ( view2 b ?is v self-transc5d5ce manife/s a c]ta9 special me?od 9 life1 an equilibrium :i* a f>-sight$ be+ is able to e/abli% betwe5 itself & its compreh5d$ conditions4 ,reason rema9s to ! end ess5tially human &1 9 its mom5t>y actuality1 necess>ily p]sonal4 ,sid5ote3 ,reason has its own bias & me?od4 ,we h "h an ess5tial condition ( disc\rse :i* r5d]s x at bottom poetical4 ,selection & applicability gov]n all ?9k+1 & gov]n x 9 ! int]e/s ( ! s\l4 ,reason is itself a specific m$ium2 s t prose c nev] atta9 t p]fect transp>5cy & m]e utility :i* we 7 attribut+ to x4 ,we %\ld n wi% to "k 8?+s 9 !mselves10 ev5 if we 7 able4 ,:at x conc]ns u to "k ab\t !m is m]ely ! s]vice or injury !y are able to d u1 & 9 :at fa%ion !y c affect our lives4 ,to "k ?is w\ld be1 9 s f>1 truly to "k !m2 b x w\ld be to "k !m ?r\gh our own faculties & ?r\gh _! suppos$ effects2 x w\ld be to "k !m by _! appe>ance4 ,a s+ul> pro( ( ! frivol\s way 9 :i* philosoph]s (t5 proce$1 :5 !y ?9k !y are p>ticul>ly pr(\nd1 is se5 9 ?is puzzle1 on :i* !y solemnly ask u to fix our ?\ghts3 ,h[ is x possible to "k reality1 if all we c atta9 9 exp]i5ce is b appe>ance8 ,! mean+ ( k1 :i* is an intellectual & liv+ ?+1 is "h =gott51 & ! notion ( s5sation1 or bodily possession1 is sub/itut$ = x2 s :at we are really ask$ to consid] is h[1 _h we no und]/&+1 we %\ld be able to und]/& :at we endure4 ,x is by conceiv+ :at we endure to be ! appe>ance ( some?+ beyond u1 t we rea* k t some?+ exi/s beyond u1 & t x plays 9 respect to u a det]m9ate rle4 ,!re c\ld be no k ( reality if :at convey$ t k 7 n felt to be appe>ance2 nor c a m$ium ( k bett] ?an appe>ance be by any possibility conceiv$4 ,to h su* appe>ances is :at makes realities kn[able4 ,k transc5ds s5sation by relat+ x to o!r s5sation1 & !reby ris+ to a sup]s5su\s plane1 ! plane ( pr9ciples & causes by :i* s5sibles are id5tifi$ 9 "* & di/ribut$ 9 exi/5ce4 ,^! pr9ciples & causes are :at we call ! intelligible or ! real _w2 & ! s5sations1 :5 !y h be5 s int]pret$ & und]p9n$1 are :at we call exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,rational poetry w\ld envelop exact k 9 ultimate emotions4 ,if a poet c\ld cl>ify ! my?s he beg9s )1 s z to rea* ultimate sci5tific notions ( nature & life1 he w\ld /ill be deal+ ) vivid feel+ & ) its imag9ative expression4 ,! prosaic l&scape be=e him w\ld /ill be a "w ( art1 pa9t$ on ! human bra9 by human reason4 ,if he f\nd t l&scape un9t]e/+1 x w\ld be because he 0 n really int]e/$ 9 life2 if he f\nd x dull & unpoetical1 he w\ld be manife/+ 8 small capacity & *ildi% :ims4 ,tragic1 fatal1 intractable1 he might well feel t ! tru? 02 b ^! qualities h nev] be5 abs5t f t half-my?ical _w ?r\gh :i* poets1 = want ( a rational education1 h hi!rto w&]$4 ,a rational poet's vision w\ld h ! same moral functions :i* my? 0 ask$ to fulfil1 & fulfill$ s trea*]\sly2 x w\ld employ ! same ideal faculties :i* my? express$ 9 a confus$ & ha/y fa%ion4 ,m detail w\ld h be5 add$1 & m v>iety 9 int]pretation4 ,to deal ) s great an object1 & reta9 8 ma/]y ov] x1 a poet w\ld d\btless ne$ a robu/ g5ius4 ,if he possess$ x1 & 9 transmut+ all exi/5ce falsifi$ no?+1 giv+ t picture ( ev]y?+ :i* human exp]i5ce 9 ! end w\ld h drawn1 he w\ld a*ieve an ideal result4 ,9 prompt+ mank9d to imag9e1 he w\ld be help+ !m to live4 ,8 poetry1 )\t ceas+ to be a fiction 9 its me?od & ideality1 w\ld be an ultimate tru? 9 its practical scope4 ,x w\ld pres5t 9 graphic images ! total efficacy ( real ?+s4 ,su* a poetry w\ld be m deeply root$ 9 human exp]i5ce ?an is any casual fancy1 & !re=e m appeal+ to ! he>t4 ,su* a poetry w\ld repres5t m ?or\ghly ?an any =mula ! concrete burd5 ( exp]i5ce2 x w\ld become ! mo/ tru/wor?y ( companions4 ,! images x _h work$ out w\ld confront human passion m intelligibly ?an does ! _w z at pres5t conceiv$1 ) its me*anism half ignor$ & its ideality half inv5t$2 !y w\ld repres5t vividly ! uses ( nature1 & !reby make all natural situations seem s _m inc5tives to art4 ,sid5ote3 ,an illu/ration4 ,rational poetry is n :olly unkn[n4 ,:5 ,hom] m5tions an object1 h[ does he r5d] x poetical8 ,fir/1 d\btless1 by ! euphony ( its "n or ! s5su\s gl[ ( "s epi!t c\pl$ ) x4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ev5 ?is ornam5tal epi!t is n m]ely s5su\s2 x is v likely a patronymic1 ! "n ( "s region or "s my?ical ance/or4 ,9 o!r words1 x is a signal = wid5+ our view & = conceiv+ ! object1 n only vividly & ) pause1 b 9 an adequate hi/oric sett+4 ,macbe? tells u t 8 dagg] 0 8unmann]ly bree*$ 9 gore40 ,a*illes w\ld n h amus$ himself ) su* a metaphor1 ev5 if bree*es _h exi/$ 9 8 day1 b w\ld r h told u ^: blood1 on o!r occasions1 _h /a9$ ! same blade1 & p]haps :at fa!r or "m _h griev$ = ! slaught]$ h]o1 or :at brave *ildr5 rema9$ to cont9ue 8 race4 ,%akespe>e's phrase is +5i\s & fanciful2 x dazzles = a mom5t1 b 9 ! end x seems viol5t & crude4 ,:at ,hom] w\ld h said1 on ! contr>y1 be+ simple & true1 might h gr[n1 z we dwelt ^u x1 always m noble1 pa!tic1 & poetical4 ,%akespe>e1 too1 b5ea? 8 occasional absurdities ( plot & diction1 ennobles 8 /age ) actual hi/ory1 ) life pa9t$ to ! quick1 ) g5u9e human *>act]s1 politics1 & wisdom2 & surely ^! are n ! elem5ts t d lea/ cr$it to 8 g5ius4 ,9 e poet1 inde$1 !re is "s fidelity to nature1 mix$ ) t irrelevant false fancy ) :i* poetry is sometimes id5tifi$2 & ! degree 9 :i* a poet's imag9ation dom9ates reality is1 9 ! end1 ! exact measure ( 8 importance & dignity4 ,sid5ote3 ,volume c be f\nd 9 scope bett] ?an 9 sugge/ion4 ,be=e prosaic objects are descri$1 ! volume & ri*ness ne$ful = poetry lie 9 a blurr$ & undige/$ *aos2 b aft] ! common _w has em]g$ & has call$ on prose to describe x1 ! same volume & ri*ness may be recov]$2 & a new & cl>ifi$ poetry may arise ?r\gh syn!sis4 ,scope is a bett] ?+ ?an sugge/ion1 & m truly poetical4 ,x has express$ :at sugge/ion po9t$ to & felt 9 ! bulk3 x possesses :at 0 ye>n$ =4 ,a real ?+1 :5 all its p]t95t natural associates are disc]n$1 t\*es wond]1 pa?os1 & beauty on e side2 ! rational poet is "o :o1 )\t feign+ any?+ unreal1 p]ceives ^! mom5t\s ties1 & pres5ts 8 subject load$ ) its :ole fate1 miss+ no s\rce ( wor? :i* is 9 x1 no ideal influ5ce :i* x may h4 ,hom] rema9s1 p]haps1 ! greate/ ma/] 9 ?is art4 ,! _w he glorifi$ by %[+ 9 h[ _m ways x c\ld s]ve reason & beauty 0 b a simple _w1 & an equal g5ius 9 ^! days might be di/ract$ by ! ,babel ab\t him1 & be driv51 z poets n[ are1 into incid5tal dreams4 ,yet ! ideal ( ma/]y & idealisation rema9s ! same1 if any "o c\ld only atta9 x3 ma/]y1 to see ?+s z !y are & d>e to describe !m +5u\sly2 idealisation1 to select f ?is reality :at is p]t95t to ultimate int]e/s & c speak eloqu5tly to ! s\l4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,pla/ic ,,con/ruction ,sid5ote3 ,automatic expression (t5 leaves traces 9 ! out] _w4 ,we h se5 h[ arts f\nd$ on ex]cise & automatic self-expression develop into music1 poetry1 & prose4 ,by an indirect approa* !y come to repres5t out] conditions1 till !y are int]wov5 9 a life :i* has 9 "s measure gone out to meet its opportunities & le>n$ to turn !m to an ideal use4 ,we h n[ to see h[ man's reactive habits pass simultane\sly into art 9 a :olly diff]5t region4 ,spontane\s expression1 su* z song1 comes :5 int]nal gr[? 9 an animal sy/em v5ts itself1 z x 71 by ! way4 ,at ! same "t animal economy has playful manife/ations conc]n$ ) out] ?+s1 su* z burr[+ or collect+ objects4 ,^! practices are n less spontane\s ?an ! o!rs1 & no less expressive2 b !y seem m ext]nal because ! traces !y leave on ! environm5t are m cle>ly m>k$4 ,to *ange an object is ! sure/ & mo/ glori\s way ( *ang+ a p]ception4 ,a %ift 9 po/ure may relieve ! body1 & 9 t way satisfy1 b ! new attitude is itself un/able4 ,its pleasantness1 l its exi/5ce1 is transi5t1 & sc>cely is a movem5t execut$ :5 bo? its occasion & its *>m are =gott54 ,self-expression by ex]cise1 9 spite ( its pron\nc$ automatism1 is !re=e some?+ comp>atively passive & +lori\s4 ,a man has h>dly done any?+ :5 he has laugh$ or yawn$4 ,ev5 ! inspir$ poet reta9s some?+ ( ?is passivity3 8 "w is n 81 b t ( a re/less1 irresponsible _s pass+ ?r\gh him1 & hypnotis+ him = its own ends4 ,( ! result he has no pr(it1 no glory1 & little und]/&+4 ,s ! my/ic also positively gloats on 8 own no?+ness1 & puts 8 :ole g5u9e be+ 9 a fanci$ in/rum5tality & subord9ation to some?+ else4 ,f> m virile & noble is ! s5se ( hav+ actually done some?+1 & left at lea/ ! tempor>y /amp ( "o's special w on ! _w4 ,to *op a /ick1 to cat* a fly1 to pile a heap ( s&1 is a satisfy+ action2 = ! s& /ays = a :ile 9 its novel arrangem5t1 proclaim+ to ! surr\nd+ level t we h made x our in/rum5t1 :ile ! fly w nev] /ir nor ! /ick gr[ toge!r aga9 9 all et]nity4 ,if ! impulse t has ?us left its indelible m>k on ?+s is con/ant 9 our own bosom1 ! _w w h be5 p]man5tly improv$ & humanis$ by our action4 ,nature _c b be m fav\rable to ^? ideas :i* h once f\nd an efficaci\s *ampion4 ,sid5ote3 ,su* effects fruitful4 ,pla/ic impulses f9d 9 ?is way an imm$iate sanction 9 ! s5se ( victory & dom9ion :i* !y c>ry ) !m2 x is s evid5t a pro( ( p[] 9 ourselves to see ?+s & animals b5t out ( _! habitual =m & ob$i5t in/ead to our idea4 ,b a f> weighti] sanction imm$iately foll[s4 ,man dep5ds on ?+s = 8 exp]i5ce1 yet by automatic action he *anges ^! v ?+s s t x becomes possible t by 8 action he %\ld promote 8 welf>e4 ,he may1 ( c\rse1 no less readily precipitate 8 ru94 ,! animal is m subject to vicissitudes ?an ! plant1 :i* makes no ef=t to escape !m or to give *ase to :at x fe$s ^u4 ,! great] p]ils ( action1 h[ev]1 are 9 animals cov]$ p>tly by f]tility1 p>tly by adaptability1 p>tly by success4 ,! m]e possibility ( success1 9 a _w gov]n$ by natural selection1 is an e>ne/ ( progress4 ,sometimes1 9 impress+ ! environm5t1 a man w improve x3 :i* is m]ely to say t a *ange may sometimes =tify ! impulse :i* br\ght x ab\t4 ,z soon z ?is retroaction is p]ceiv$ & ! act is done ) k ( its ensu+ b5efits1 pla/ic impulse becomes art1 & ! _w beg9s actually to *ange 9 ob$i5ce to reason4 ,"o respect1 = in/ance1 9 :i* man dep5ds on ?+s is = ! /hetic quality ( 8 p]ceptions4 ,if he happ5s1 by a twi/ ( ! h&1 to turn a fl[]+ bran* into a wrea?1 !reby mak+ x m int]e/+1 he w h discov]$ a decorative art & initiat$ himself auspici\sly into ! practice ( x4 ,exp]im5tation may foll[1 & :5ev] ! new =m giv5 to ! object improves x--i4e41 increases its int]e/ = ! eye--! exp]im5t] w triumph & w congratulate himself on 8 g5ius4 ,! g>l& s arrang$ w be said to express ! ta/e x satisfies2 insight & reason w be my?ically ?\ght to h guid$ ! "w by :i* !y are su/a9$ 9 be+4 ,x is no small h>mony1 h[ev]1 t !y %\ld be su/a9$ by x4 ,! consonances man introduces into nature w foll[ him :]ev] he goes4 ,x w no long] be necess>y t nature %\ld supply !m spontane\sly1 by a r>e adv5titi\s h>mony ) 8 dem&s4 ,8 new habit w habitually re>-range h] *ance arrangem5ts1 & 8 pa? w be m>k$ by ! beauties he has /rewn x )4 ,s long z ! same pla/ic impulse cont9ues op]ative x w be accompani$ by k & criticism ( its happy results4 ,self-criticism1 be+ a second incipi5t arti/ic impulse1 contra/+ itself ) ! "o :i* a "w embodies1 may to "s ext5t modify ! next p]=mance4 ,if life is drawn l>gely into ?is deep5+ *annel1 physical pr(ici5cy & its ideal sanctions w develop m or less h>moni\sly into :at is call$ a s*ool ( art4 ,sid5ote3 ,magic au?ority ( man's fir/ creations4 ,! fir/ felt utilities by :i* pla/ic in/9ct is sanction$ are ( c\rse n di/9ctly /hetic1 mu* less di/9ctly practical2 !y are magical4 ,a /one cut into "s human or animal semblance fasc9ates ! savage eye mu* m ?an w\ld a useful tool or a beautiful idol4 ,! man wond]s at 8 own "w1 & petrifies ! miracle ( 8 art into miracul\s prop]ties 9 its product4 ,primitive art is incr$ibly cons]vative2 its fir/ creations1 hav+ once attract$ att5tion1 monopolise x h5ce=? & no?+ else w be tru/$ to "w ! miracle4 ,x is a sign ( /upidity 9 g5]al to /ick to physical objects & giv5 =ms ap>t f _! ideal functions1 z :5 a *ild cries = a brok5 doll1 ev5 if a new & bett] "o is at h& to replace x4 ,in]t associations e/abli% !mselves1 9 su* a case1 ) t "p ( a ?+ :i* is irrelevant to its value--its mat]ial sub/ance or p]haps its "n4 ,art c make no progress 9 su* a situation4 ,a man rema9s incorrigibly unhappy & p]plex$1 c[$1 & helpless1 because n intellig5t en\gh to readju/ 8 actions2 8 idol mu/ be ! self-same h]$it>y /ock1 or at lea/ x mu/ h ! old sanctifi$ rigidity & />e4 ,pla/ic impulse1 z yet sporadic1 is ov]:elm$ by a brute idolatr\s awe at m]e exi/5ce & actuality4 ,:at is1 :at has always be51 :at *ance has associat$ ) "o p]son1 alone seems acceptable or conceivable4 ,sid5ote3 ,art br+s relief f idolatry4 ,idolatry is by no means incid5t to art2 art1 on ! contr>y1 is a release f idolatry4 ,a cl\d1 an animal1 a spr+1 a /one1 or ! :ole heav51 w s]ve ! pure idolat]'s purpose to p]fection2 ^! ?+s h exi/5ce & a c]ta9 hypnotic p[]1 s t he may make !m a focus = 8 daz$ contemplation4 ,:5 ! m9d takes to g5]alities x f9ds ! same fasc9ation 9 ,be+ or 9 ! ,absolute1 some?+ x ne$s no art to discov]4 ,! m indet]m9ate1 imm$iate1 & unutt]able ! idol is1 ! bett] x induces panic self-contraction & a r$uction ( all disc\rse to ! inf9ite int5sity ( z]o4 ,:5 idolat]s pass f try+ to evoke ! ,absolutely ,exi/5t to apo/rophis+ ! sun or an i?yphallic bull !y h made an imm5se progress 9 art & religion1 = n[ _! idols repres5t "s specific & b5efic5t function 9 nature1 some?+ propiti\s to ideal life & to its det]m9ate expression4 ,isaiah is v scornful ( idols made ) h&s1 because !y h no physical en]gy4 ,he =gets t p]haps !y repres5t some?+1 & s h a spiritual dignity :i* ?+s liv+ & p[]ful nev] h unless !y too become repres5tative & express "s ideal4 ,isaiah's conception ( ,jehovah1 = in/ance1 is itself a poetic image1 ! "w ( man's bra92 & ! innoc5t wor%ip ( x w\ld n be idolatry1 if t conception repres5t$ some?+ fri5dly to human happ9ess & to human art4 ,! "q m]ely is :e!r ! sculptor's image or ! prophet's /&s = ! great] int]e/ & is a m adequate symbol = ! good4 ,! noble/ art w be ! "o1 :e!r pla/ic or lit]>y or dialectical1 :i* creates figm5ts mo/ truly repres5tative ( :at is mom5t\s 9 human life4 ,simil>ly ! lea/ idolatr\s religion w\ld be ! "o :i* us$ ! mo/ p]fect art1 & mo/ successfully ab/ract$ ! good f ! real4 ,sid5ote3 ,in]tia 9 te*nique4 ,cons]vatism rules also 9 ^? manufactures :i* are tribut>y to ar*itecture & ! small] pla/ic arts4 ,utility makes small headway aga9/ cu/om1 n only :5 cu/om has become religion1 b ev5 :5 x rema9s in]t & )\t my?ical sanction4 ,to admit or tru/ any?+ new is to ov]come t in]tia :i* is a g5]al law 9 ! bra9 no less ?an else:]e1 & :i* may be di/+ui%$ 9 reflection into a te*nical & a social cons]vatism4 ,te*nical cons]vatism appe>s1 = in/ance1 9 a man's h&writ+1 :i* is s seldom improv$1 ev5 :5 admitt$1 p]haps1 to be execrable4 ,e arti/ has 8 tricks ( execution1 e s*ool its h]$it>y1 irrational processes4 ,^! refractory habits are to blame = ! r>e & inimitable quality ( g5ius2 !y impose excell5ce on "o man & refuse x to a million4 ,a happy physiological /ructure1 by creat+ a mann]ism "u ! special circum/ances fav\rable to expression1 may lift a man1 p]haps inf]ior 9 intellig5ce1 to heights :i* no insight c atta9 ) inf]ior organs4 ,z a voice is necess>y = s++1 s a c]ta9 quickness ( eye & h& is ne$$ = good execution 9 ! pla/ic arts4 ,! same pr9ciple goes deep]4 ,conception & imag9ation are !mselves automatic & run 9 grooves1 s t only c]ta9 =ms 9 c]ta9 comb9ations w ev] sugge/ !mselves to a giv5 design]4 ,e writ]'s /yle1 too1 h[ev] v>i$ )9 limits1 is s+le & monoton\s comp>$ ) ! ideal possibilities ( expression4 ,g5ius at e mom5t is conf9$ to ! idiom x is creat+4 ,sid5ote3 ,in]tia 9 appreciation4 ,social in]tia is due to ! same causes work+ 9 ! community at l>ge4 ,! fancy1 = in/ance1 ( build+ *ur*es 9 ! %ape ( a cross has l>gely det]m9$ ,*ri/ian ar*itecture4 ,build]s 7 prev5t$ by a =egone sugge/ion 9 !mselves & by _! patrons' dem&s f conceiv+ any alt]native to t conv5tion4 ,e>ly pott]y1 !y say1 imitates wick]-"w1 & pa9t$ l&scape 0 = ages n all[$ to exi/ )\t figures1 al?\gh ev5 ! old ma/]s %[ pla9ly en\gh 9 _! backgr\nds t !y c\ld love l&scape = its own sake4 ,:5 "o l9k ) humanity has be5 r5d]$ explicit & famili>1 p assume t by no o!r means c humanity be t\*$ at all2 ev5 if at ! same "t _! own he>t is exp&+ to ! highe/ raptures 9 a q diff]5t region4 ,! sev]] ,greeks reprobat$ music )\t words2 ,sa9t ,augu/9e compla9$ ( *ants t r5d]$ ! sacr$ text un9telligible2 ! ,puritans reg>d$ elaborate music z diabolical1 little kn[+ h[ soon "s ( _! desc5dants w\ld f9d religion 9 no?+ else4 ,a /upid conv5tion /ill looks on mat]ial & ma!matical processes z someh[ di/ress+ & ugly1 & sy/ems ( philosophy1 artificially me*anical1 are inv5t$ to try to expla9 natural me*anism away2 :]eas 9 no region c ! _s feel s mu* at home z among natural causes1 or realise s well its univ]sal aff9ities1 or s safely enl>ge its happ9ess4 ,me*anism is ! s\rce ( beauty4 ,x is n necess>y to look s high z ! />s to p]ceive ?is tru?3 ! action ( an animal's limbs or ! movem5t ( a wat]fall w prove x to any "o :o has eyes & c %ake himself loose f v]bal prejudices1 ^? debris ( old p]ceptions :i* *oke all fre% p]ception 9 ! s\l4 ,irrational hopes1 irrational %ames1 irrational dec5cies1 make man's *ief desolation4 ,a slight knock+ ( fools' heads toge!r might be en\gh to break up ! ossifications !re & />t ! blood c\rs+ aga9 ?r\gh possible *annels4 ,art has an inf9ite range2 no?+ %ifts s easily z ta/e & yet no?+ s p]si/5tly avoids ! directions 9 :i* x might f9d mo/ satisfaction4 ,sid5ote3 ,adv5titi\s effects appreciat$ fir/4 ,s9ce con/ruction gr[s rational sl[ly & by indirect pressure1 we may expect t its mo/ sup]ficial m]its w be ! fir/ appreciat$4 ,ultimate beauty 9 a build+ w\ld consi/1 ( c\rse1 9 respond+ simultane\sly to all ! human faculties affect$3 to ! eye1 by ! build+'s size1 =m1 & col\r2 to ! imag9ation1 by its fitness & ideal expression4 ,( all gr\nds = admiration ^? mo/ readily seiz$ are size1 elaboration1 spl5d\r ( mat]ials1 & difficulties or co/ involv$4 ,hav+ built or dug 9 ! conv5tional way a man may hang be=e 8 door "s trophy ( battle or ! *ase1 be>+ witness to 8 pr[ess2 j z p n[1 n ?9k+ ( mak+ _! rooms beautiful1 fill !m ) photographs ( fri5ds or places !y h kn[n1 to sugge/ & reburni% 9 _! m9ds _! int]e/+ p]sonal hi/ory1 :i* ev5 !y1 un/imulat$1 might t5d to =get4 ,t dwell+ w seem be/ adorn$ :i* conta9s mo/ adv5titi\s objects2 b>e & ugly w be :atev] is n conceal$ by some?+ else4 ,aga91 a b>b>\s ar*itect1 )\t *ang+ 8 model1 may build 9 a m preci\s mat]ial2 & 8 "w w be admir$ = ! evid5ce x furni%es ( weal? & wilfulness4 ,z a community gr[s luxuri\s & becomes accu/om$ to su* display1 x may come to seem /range & hide\s to see a wood5 plate or a pewt] spoon4 ,a beautiful h\se w ne$ to be 9 m>ble & ! sight ( plebeian brick w bani% all satisfaction4 ,less irrational1 & !re=e less vulg>1 is ! wond] ar\s$ by great bulk or difficulty 9 ! "w4 ,ex]tions1 to produce a great result1 ev5 if x be mat]ial1 mu/ be alli$ to p]sev]ance & intellig5t direction4 ,roman bridges & aqu$ucts1 = in/ance1 ga9 a pr(\nd emotional p[] :5 we see 9 _! monoton\s ar*es a symbol ( ! mightie/ ent]prise 9 hi/ory1 & 9 _! decay an evid5ce ( its failure4 ,curiosity is satisfi$1 hi/oric imag9ation is /imulat$1 tragic reflection is call$ =?4 ,we _c refuse admiration to a "w s full ( m9d1 ev5 if no great pla/ic beauty happ5s to di/+ui% x4 ,x is at any rate beautiful en\gh1 l ! sea or ! skeleton ( a m\nta94 ,we may rely on ! life x has made possible to add m positive *>ms & clo! x ) imag9ative functions4 ,mod]n eng9e]+ works (t5 h a simil> value2 ! =ce & intellig5ce !y express m]ge 9 an /hetic ess5ce1 & ! place !y hold 9 a port5t\s civilisation l5ds !m an almo/ epic dignity4 ,new ,york1 s9ce x took to do+ bus9ess 9 t[]s1 has become int]e/+ to look at f ! sea2 nor is x possible to walk ?r\gh ! ov]%ad[$ /reets )\t feel+ a pleas+ wond]4 ,a city1 :5 en\gh p sw>m 9 x1 is z fasc9at+ z an ant-hill1 & its build+s1 :atev] o!r *>ms !y may h1 are at lea/ z curi\s & delightful z sea-%ells or birds' ne/s4 ,! purpose ( improvem5ts 9 mod]n /ructures may be economic1 j z ! purpose ( ca/les 0 milit>y2 b bo? may incid5tally please ! contemplative m9d by _! huge =ms & human associations4 ,sid5ote3 ,approa* to beauty ?r\gh useful /ructure4 ,( ! two approa*es :i* b>b>ic ar*itecture makes to beauty--"o ?r\gh ornam5tation & ! o!r ?r\gh mass--! latt] is 9 g5]al ! m successful4 ,an eng9e] fights ) nature h& to h&3 he is less easily extravagant ?an a decorator2 he c h>dly ev] af=d to be absurd4 ,he becomes accord+ly m rapidly civilis$ & 8 "w acquires1 9 spite ( itself1 m rationality & a m p]man5t *>m4 ,a self-su/a9+ /ructure1 9 art z 9 life1 is ! only possible basis = a vital ideal4 ,:5 ! framework is det]m9$1 :5 x is te/$ by trial & f\nd to /& & s]ve1 x w gradually +ratiate itself ) ! obs]v]2 aff9ities x may h 9 8 memory or app]ceptive habits w come to light2 !y w help him to assimilate ! new vision & w def9e its /hetic "*4 ,:atev] beauty its l9es may h w become a p]man5t possession & :atev] beauties !y exclude w be reject$ by a fai?ful arti/1 no matt] h[ sorely at fir/ !y may tempt him4 ,n t ^! exclud$ beauties w\ld n be really beautiful2 l fa%ions1 !y w\ld truly please 9 _! day & v likely w\ld conta9 c]ta9 absolute excell5ces ( =m or feel+ :i* an att5tive eye c\ld enjoy at any "t4 ,yet if app5d$ to a /ructure !y h no function 91 ^! excell5ces w h>dly impose !mselves on ! next build]4 ,be+ adv5titi\s !y w rema9 optional1 & s9ce fancy is quick1 & exotic beauties are _m1 !re w be no end to ! v>iations1 9 endless directions1 :i* art w und]go4 ,caprice w foll[ caprice & no /yle w be develop$4 ,sid5ote3 ,failure ( adapt$ /yles4 ,a settl$ /yle is p]haps 9 itself no desid]atum4 ,a city t %\ld be a baza> ( all possible ar*itectures1 add+ a multitude ( new inv5tions to samples ( e hi/orical /yle1 might h a c]ta9 int]e/2 yet c>nival c h>dly be enjoy$ all ! ye> r\nd & !re is a c]ta9 lat5t hide\sness 9 masqu]ades 9 spite ( _! glitt]4 ,n only are ! effects juxtapos$ incongru\s1 b ea* ap>t is usually %all[ & absurd4 ,a p]ruque _c br+ back c\rtly mann]s1 & a /yle ( ar*itecture1 :5 reviv$1 is nev] q g5u9e2 adaptations h to be introduc$ & e adaptation1 ! bold] x is1 runs ! great] risk ( be+ extravagant4 ,no?+ is m pitiable ?an ! attempts p make1 :o ?9k !y h an exquisite s5sibility1 to live 9 a h\se all ( "o p]iod4 ,! connoisseur1 l an uncritical philosoph]1 boa/s to h pat*$ 8 dwell+ p]fectly toge!r1 b he has =gott5 himself1 its egregi\s inhabitant4 ,nor is he m]ely a blot 9 8 own composition2 8 pres5ce secretly infects & d5aturalises ev]y?+ 9 x4 ,ridicul\s himself 9 su* a sett+1 he makes x ridicul\s too by 8 /hetic pose & appreciations2 = ! objects he has collect$ or reproduc$ 7 once us$ & priz$ 9 all hone/y1 :5 life & inevitable tradition _h br\ght !m =?1 :ile n[ !y are /udi$ & exhibit$1 relics ( a dead pa/ & evid5ces ( a dead pres5t4 ,hi/oric rema9s & re/orations might well be us$ z "o uses hi/oric k1 to s]ve "s liv+ int]e/ & equip ! m9d = ! und]tak+s ( ! h\r4 ,an arti/ may visit a museum b only a p$ant c live !re4 ,ideas t h long be5 us$ may be us$ /ill1 if !y rema9 ideas & h n be5 congeal$ into memories4 ,incorporat$ into a design t calls = !m1 traditional =ms cease to be incongru\s1 z words t /ill h a felt mean+ may be old )\t be+ obsolete4 ,all dep5ds on m5 subs]v+ an actual ideal & hav+ s firm & g5u9e an appreciation ( ! pa/ z to di/+ui% at once :at is /ill s]viceable 9 x f :at is already gho/ly & dead4 ,sid5ote3 ,n all /ructure beautiful1 nor all beauty /ructural4 ,an arti/ may be kept true to 8 /yle ei!r by ignorance ( all o!rs or by love ( 8 own4 ,?is fidelity is a condition ( progress4 ,:5 he has le>n$ to appreciate :atev] is /hetically appreciable 9 8 problem1 he c g on to ref9e 8 con/ruction1 to ennoble1 & f9ally to decorate x4 ,z fi%1 fle%1 & f[l h specific =ms1 ea* m or less beautiful & adorn$1 s e necess>y /ructure has its specific "* & its ess5tial associations4 ,tak+ 8 cue f ^!1 an arti/ may exp]im5t freely2 he may emphasise ! /ructure 9 ! classic mann] & turn its l9es into ornam5t1 add+ only :at may help to complete & unite its sugge/ions4 ,?is puritanism 9 design is rightly comm5d$1 b its opposite may be admirable too4 ,we may admit t nudity is ! "r g>m5t = ! gods1 b x w\ld h>dly s]ve ! int]e/s ( beauty to legislate t all mortals %\ld always g nak$4 ,! veil t conceals natural imp]fections may h a p]fection ( its own4 ,maxims 9 art are p]nici\s2 beauty is "h ! only comm&m5t4 ,& beauty is a free natural gift4 ,:5 x has appe>$1 we may p]ceive t its influ5ce is rational1 s9ce x bo? expresses & fo/]s a h>mony ( impressions & impulses 9 ! s\l2 b to take any me*anism :atev]1 & m]ely because x is actual or necess>y to insi/ t x is wor? exhibit+1 & t by div9e decree x %all be pron\nc$ beautiful1 is to be q at sea 9 moral philosophy4 ,beauty is adv5titi\s1 occasional1 incid5tal1 9 human products no less ?an 9 nature4 ,works ( art are automatic figm5ts :i* nature fa%ions ?r\gh man4 ,x is impossible !y %\ld be :olly beautiful1 z x is impossible t !y %\ld (f] no foo?old or se$-plot = beauty at all4 ,beauty is ev]y:]e pot5tial & 9 a way p]vasive because exi/5ce itself presupposes a modicum ( h>mony1 fir/ )9 ! ?+ & !n betwe5 ! ?+ & its environm5t4 ,( ?is environm5t ! obs]v]'s s5ses are 9 ?is case an important "p4 ,man c ) difficulty ma9ta9 s5ses q out ( key ) ! /imuli furni%$ by ! out] _w4 ,!y w\ld !n be useless burd5s to 8 organism4 ,on ! o!r side1 ev5 artificial /ructures mu/ be someh[ geometrical or proportional1 because only su* /ructures hold physically toge!r4 ,objects t are to be e/eem$ by man mu/ fur!r possess or acquire "s function 9 8 economy2 o!rwise !y w\ld n be notic$ nor be s def9$ z to be recognisable4 ,out ( ^! physical necessities beauty may gr[2 b an adju/m5t mu/ fir/ take place betwe5 ! mat]ial /imulus & ! s5se x affects4 ,beauty is some?+ spiritual &1 be+ su*1 x re/s n on ! mat]ial con/itution ( ea* exi/5ce tak5 ap>t1 b on _! conspir+ ideally toge!r1 s t ea* fur!rs ! o!r's endeav\r4 ,/ructure by itself is no m beautiful ?an exi/5ce by itself is good4 ,!y are only pot5tialities or conditions ( excell5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,/ructures design$ = display4 ,an ar*itect1 :5 8 ma9 /ructure is un9t]e/+1 may h rec\rse to a subsidi>y con/ruction4 ,! faade1 or a "p ( x1 or ! int]ior may /ill h a natural =m t l5ds itself to elaboration4 ,?is beautiful feature may be develop$ s z to ignore or ev5 conceal ! re/2 !n ! visible portion may be entirely beautiful1 l ! ideal human figure1 ?\gh no pl$ges be giv5 conc]n+ ! anatomy )94 ,_m an ,italian palace has a false front 9 itself magnific5t4 ,we may *ance to obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t x ov]tops its back+1 p]haps an amorph\s rambl+ pile 9 q ano!r mat]ial4 ,:at we admire is n s mu* a faade z a triumphal gateway1 set up 9 front ( ! h\se to be its ambassador to ! _w1 we>+ decid$ly ri*] app>el ?an its ma/] c af=d at home4 ,?is 0 n vanity 9 ! ,italians s mu* z civility to ! public1 to ^: ta/e ?is flatt]+ embassy 0 address$4 ,h[ev] our moral s5se may judge ! matt]1 x is cle> t two sep>ate monum5ts occupi$ ! ar*itect 9 su* cases1 if inde$ inside & outside 7 actually design$ by ! same h&4 ,/ructure may appe> 9 ea* indep5d5tly & may be frankly en\gh express$4 ,! mo/ beautiful faades1 ev5 if indep5d5t ( _! build+1 are build+s !mselves1 & s9ce _! con/ruction is decorative !re is ! great] likelihood t _! decoration %\ld be /ructural4 ,9 relation to ! h\se1 h[ev]1 ! faade 9 su* an extreme case w\ld be an ab/ract ornam5t2 & s1 ?\gh ! ornam5t be /ructural )9 its own l9es1 we h rev]t$ to ! /yle ( build+ :]e con/ruction is "o ?+ & decoration ano!r4 ,appli$ ornam5t has an indef9ite range & !re w\ld be little pr(it 9 reason+ ab\t x4 ,philosophy c d little m at ?is po9t ?an expose ! fallacies into :i* dogmatic criticism is apt to fall4 ,ev]y?+ is true decoration :i* truly adorns1 & ev]y?+ adorns :i* enri*es ! impression & pleasantly ent]ta9s ! eye4 ,!re is a decorative impulse z well z a s5se = decoration4 ,z ,i sit idle my /ick makes mean+less m>ks ^u ! s&2 or 7:at is ne>] to ! usual orig9 ( ornam5t7 ,i make a design out ( somebody's initials1 or symbolise fanta/ically some?+ ly+ 9 my ?\ghts4 ,we place also "o ?+ ^u ano!r1 ! bett] to see & to ?9k ( two ?+s at once4 ,sid5ote3 ,appeal made by decoration4 ,to love decoration is to enjoy syn!sis3 9 o!r words1 x is to h hungry s5ses & unus$ p[]s ( att5tion4 ,?is hung]1 :5 x _c well be f$ by recollect+ ?+s pa/1 reli%es a pr(usion ( ?+s simultane\s4 ,no?+ is s mu* respect$ by un9tellig5t p z elaboration & complexity4 ,!y are simply daz$ & ov]aw$ at see+ at once s mu* m ?an !y c ma/]4 ,to ov]:elm ! s5ses is1 = !m1 ! only way ( fill+ ! m9d4 ,x takes cultivation to appreciate 9 art1 z 9 philosophy1 ! consummate value ( :at is simple & f9ite1 because x has f\nd its pure function & ultimate import 9 ! _w4 ,:at is j1 :at is delicately & sil5tly adju/$ to its special (fice1 & !reby 9 tru? to all ultimate issues1 seems to ! vulg> some?+ obvi\s & poor4 ,:at a/oni%es !m is ! crude & p>adoxical jumble ( a ?\s& sugge/ions 9 a s+le view4 ,z ! my/ic ye>ns = an inf9itely glutt$ consci\sness t feels ev]y?+ at once & is n put to ! inconv5i5ce ( any long] ?9k+ or imag9+1 s ! b>b>ian craves ! assault ( a myriad s5sations toge!r1 & feels replete & com=table :5 a sort ( inf9ite is p\r$ into him )\t ideal m$iation4 ,z ideal m$iation is ano!r "n = intellig5ce1 s x is ! condition ( elegance4 ,intellig5ce & elegance naturally exi/ toge!r1 s9ce !y bo? spr+ f a subtle s5se = abs5t & ev5tual processes4 ,!y are su/a9$ by exp]i5ce1 by nicety 9 =eta/e & selection4 ,be=e ideality1 h[ev]1 is develop$1 volume & v>iety mu/ be giv5 bodily or !y _c be giv5 at all4 ,at t e>li] /age a furi\s ornam5tation is ! *ief vehicle = beauty4 ,sid5ote3 ,its natural rights4 ,t ! ornate may be v beautiful1 t 9 fact :at is to be completely beautiful ne$s to be someh[ ri*1 is a fact ( exp]i5ce :i* fur!r ju/ifies ! above analysis4 ,= s5sation is ! matt] ( ideas2 all repres5tation is su* only 9 its function2 9 its exi/5ce x rema9s m]e feel+4 ,decoration1 by /imulat+ ! s5ses1 n only br+s a prim>y satisfaction ) x1 indep5d5t ( any t may sup]v5e1 b x furni%es an elem5t ( effect :i* no high] beauty c ev] r5d] unwelcome or inappropriate1 s9ce any high] beauty1 9 mov+ ! m9d1 mu/ give x a c]ta9 s5su\s & emotional col\r+4 ,decoration is accord+ly an indep5d5t art1 to be practis$ = its own sake1 9 ob$i5ce to elem5t>y pla/ic in/9cts4 ,x is fundam5tal 9 design1 = ev]y?+ /ructural or significant produces 9 ! fir/ in/ance "s s5su\s impression & figures z a spot or patt]n 9 ! field ( vision4 ,! =tunate ar*itect is he :o has1 = /ructural skeleton 9 8 "w1 a =m 9 itself decorative & beautiful1 :o c c>ry x out 9 a beautiful mat]ial1 & :o f9ally is suff]$ to add s mu* decoration z ! eye may take 9 ) pleasure1 )\t los+ ! expression & lucidity ( ! :ole4 ,x is impossible1 h[ev]1 to imag9e be=eh& :at ^! elem5ts %\ld be or h[ to comb9e !m4 ,! problem mu/ exi/ be=e its solution c be f\nd4 ,! =ms ( good ta/e & beauty :i* a man c ?9k ( or e/eem are limit$ by ! scope ( 8 previ\s exp]i5ce4 ,x w\ld be impossible to =esee or desire a beauty :i* _h n someh[ gr[n up ( itself & be5 recognis$ receptively4 ,a satisfaction _c be conceiv$ ideally :5 nei!r its organ nor its occasion has z yet aris54 ,t ideal conception1 to exi/1 w\ld h to br+ bo? into play4 ,! f9e arts are butt] to man's daily bread2 !re is no conceiv+ or creat+ !m except z !y spr+ out ( social exig5cies4 ,_! types are impos$ by utility3 _! ornam5tation betrays ! tradition t happ5s to envelop & div]sify !m2 _! expression & dignity are borr[$ f ! company !y keep 9 ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,its alliance ) /ructure 9 ,greek ar*itecture4 ,! ,greek temple1 = in/ance1 if we imag9e x 9 its glory1 ) all its col\r & furniture1 0 a type ( human art at its be/1 :]e decoration1 )\t 9 ! lea/ re/rict+ itself1 took naturally an exquisitely subord9ate & p]vasive =m3 ea* detail _h its own spl5d\r & ref9em5t1 yet kept its place 9 ! :ole4 ,/ructure & decoration 7 alike traditional & impos$ by ult]ior practical or religi\s purposes2 yet1 by good =tune & by grace ( t rationality :i* unifi$ ,greek life1 !y fell toge!r easily into a h>mony su* z imag9ation c\ld nev] h devis$ _h x be5 invit$ to decree pleasure-domes = non-exi/5t be+s4 ,_h ! ,greek gods be5 hide\s1 _! images & fable c\ld n s readily h beautifi$ ! place :]e !y 7 hon\r$2 & _h ! /ructural !me & uses ( ! temple be5 m complicat$1 !y w\ld n h l5t !mselves s well to decoration )\t be+ subm]g$ b5ea? x4 ,sid5ote3 ,relations ( ! two 9 ,go?ic art4 ,9 "s ways ! ideal ,go?ic *ur* atta9$ a simil> p]fection1 because !re too ! /ructure rema9$ lucid & pr$om9ant1 :ile x 0 enri*$ by _m necess>y appo9tm5ts--alt>s1 /alls1 scre5s1 *antries--:i*1 :ile really ! raison d'tre ( ! :ole edifice1 /hetically reg>d$1 s]v$ = its ornam5ts4 ,x may be d\bt$1 h[ev]1 :e!r ,go?ic con/ruction 0 well gr\nd$ en\gh 9 utility to be a s\nd & p]man5t basis = beauty2 & ! extreme in/ability ( ,go?ic /yle1 ! fev]i%1 incon/ancy ( ar*itects /ra9+ aft] effects nev]1 app>5tly1 satisfactory :5 a*iev$1 %[s t some?+ 0 wrong & artificial 9 ! situation4 ,! /ructure1 9 becom+ an ornam5t1 ceas$ to be any?+ else & c\ld be disc>d$ by any "o ^: fancy pref]r$ a diff]5t image4 ,= ?is reason a build+ l ! ca!dral ( ,ami5s1 :]e a /ructural sy/em is put ?r\gh consi/5tly1 is f> f repres5t+ m$ival art 9 its full & ideal ess5ce2 x is r an incid5tal a*ievem5t1 a sport 9 :i* an adv5titi\s int]e/ is1 = a mom5t1 emphasis$ ov]:elm+ly4 ,intellig5ce "h comes to ! =e1 & a sort ( ma!matical virtuosity3 b x 0 n ma!matical virtuosity nor ev5 intellig5ce to :i*1 9 ,*ri/ian art1 ! lead+ rle prop]ly belong$4 ,:at /ructural elucidation did = *ur* ar*itecture 0 mu* l :at s*ola/ic elucidation did = *ur* dogma3 x ins9uat$ a logic into ! traditional edifice :i* 0 f> f repres5t+ its s\l or its g5u9e value4 ,! dialectic introduc$ might be admirable 9 itself1 9 its lay & ab/ruse rationality2 b x c\ld n be appli$ to ! poetic mat]ial 9 h& )\t r5d]+ x absurd & /]ile4 ,! giv5 problem 0 sci5tifically c>ri$ out1 b ! giv5 problem 0 itself fanta/ic4 ,to vault at su* heights & to prop t vault ) ext]nal buttresses 0 a gratuit\s und]tak+4 ,! result 0 inde$ int]e/+1 ! +5uity & me?od exhibit$ 7 ma/]ly 9 _! way2 yet ! result 0 n proportionate 9 beauty to ! ef=t requir$2 x 0 aft] all a te*nical & a va9 triumph4 ,sid5ote3 ,! result "h romantic4 ,! true magic ( t v ar*itecture lay n 9 its intelligible /ructure b 9 ! bewild]+ incid5tal effects :i* t /ructure p]mitt$4 ,! "p 9 su* *ur*es is bett] ?an ! symmetrical :ole2 (t5 incomplet5ess & accretions alone give grace or expression1 to ! monum5t4 ,a cross vi/a :]e all is wond]1 a side *apel :]e all is peace1 /rike ! key-note "h2 n t punctili\s & wood5 repetition ( props & ar*es1 z a build]'s model might boa/ to exhibit !m4 ,p]haps ! mo/ beautiful ,go?ic int]iors are ^? )\t aisles1 if :at we are consid]+ is _! proportion & maje/y2 else:]e ! /ructure1 if p]ceiv$ at all1 is too artificial & /range to be p]ceiv$ intuitively & to h ! gl[ ( a g5u9e beauty4 ,!re is an ov]-+5i\s me*anism1 r$eem$ by its col\r & ! ?\s& int]v5+ objects1 :5 ^! h n be5 swept away4 ,glaz$ & pa9t$ z ,go?ic *ur*es 7 meant to be1 !y 7 no d\bt exce$+ly gorge\s4 ,:5 we admire _! /ructural s*eme we are p]haps nurs+ an illusion l t :i* s5tim5tal classici/s once *]i%$ :5 !y talk$ ab\t ! purity ( :ite m>ble /atues & ! ideality ( _! blank & sightless eyes4 ,:at we treat z a supreme quality may h be5 a m]e means to m$ival build]s1 & a me*anical exp$i5t3 _! simple he>ts 7 set on mak+ _! *ur*es1 = ,god's glory & _! own1 z l>ge1 z high1 & z ri* z possible4 ,aft] all1 an un9t]rupt$ tradition atta*$ !m to ,byzantium2 & x 0 ! sudd5 passion = /a9$ glass & ! goldsmi?'s love ( intricate f95ess--:i* ! ,s>ac5s also _h %[n--t c>ri$ !m 9 a c5tury f ,romanesque to flamboyant4 ,! /ructure 0 b ! inevitable und]p9n+ = ! desir$ display4 ,if ^! sanctu>ies1 9 _! spoliation & ru91 n[ %[ u _! admirable bones1 we %\ld ?ank nature = t rational skeleton1 impos$ by mat]ial conditions on an art :i* 9 its life-"t 0 goad$ on only by a pi\s & local emulation1 & wi%$ at all co/s to be sumptu\s & a/oni%+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! m$ival arti/4 ,x 0 r 9 ano!r direction t grop+ m$ival art rea*$ its mo/ cong5ial triumphs4 ,t 0 an age1 s to speak1 ( epidemic privacy2 social contagion 0 irresi/ible1 yet x s]v$ only to make ea* man's life no less h>d1 n>r[1 & vision>y ?an t ( e "o else4 ,l bees 9 a hive1 ea* s\l work$ 9 its sep>ate cell by ! same impulse z e o!r4 ,ea* 0 absorb$ 9 sav+ itself only1 b accord+ to a univ]sal prescription4 ,?is isolation 9 unanimity appe>s 9 ^? pati5t & *ildlike arti/s :o copi$ ea* 8 leaf or fl[]1 or imag9$ ea* 8 curi\s angels & devils1 tak+ :at 0 told ( !m s mu* to he>t t 8 r5d]+ became deeply individual4 ,! lamp ( sacrifice--or p]haps r ( ignorance--burn$ 9 e work%op2 mu* lab\r 0 wa/$ 9 =getfulness ( ! function :i* ! "w 0 to p]=m1 yet a c]ta9 pa?os & expression 0 infus$ into ! detail1 on :i* all inv5tion & pride _h to be lavi%$4 ,c>v+s & /atues at impossible elevations1 m9ute symbols hidd5 9 corn]s1 ! *oice = ar*itectural ornam5t ( animal & vegetable =ms1 copi$ z att5tively & qua9tly z possible--all ?is %[s h[ ab/ract$ly ! arti/ surr5d]$ himself to ! giv5 task4 ,he d$icat$ 8 g5ius l ! wid['s mite1 & left ! univ]sal composition to ,provid5ce4 ,nor 0 ?is humility1 on ano!r side1 :olly pi\s & sacrificial4 ,! ,middle ,ages 71 9 _! way1 m]ry1 /urdy1 & mis*iev\s4 ,a fre% brea?1 z ( convalesc5ce1 brea!d ?r\gh _! mis]y4 ,nev] 0 spr+ s gre5 & lovely z :5 m5 greet$ x 9 a cloi/]$ g>d51 ) he>ts q empty & clean1 only half-awak5$ f a long trance ( despair4 ,x matt]$ little at su* a mom5t :]e a "w 0 to figure or :e!r any "o %\ld ev] enjoy x4 ,! pleasure & ! function lay "h1 9 ?is private revelation1 9 ?is playful dialogue betwe5 a bit ( nature & a pass+ mood4 ,:5 a ,greek workman cut a volute or a m\ld+1 he 0 n ask$ to be a poet2 he 0 m]ely a scribe1 writ+ out :at "s ma/] _h compos$ be=e him4 ,! _s ( 8 art1 if t 0 call$ =? consci\sly at all1 c\ld be no?+ %ort ( intellig5ce4 ,^? l9es & none o!r1 he w\ld say to himself1 are requisite & suffici5t3 to d less w\ld be unskilful1 to d m w\ld be p]v]se4 ,b ! m$ival craftsman 0 irresponsible 9 8 e>ne/ness4 ,! :ole did n conc]n him1 = ! :ole 0 provid5tial & !re=e1 to ! arti/1 irrelevant4 ,he 0 only responsible inw>dly1 to 8 casual inspiration1 to 8 individual model1 & 8 allott$ block ( /one4 ,) ^! he c>ri$ on1 z x 71 an +5u\s dialectic1 ask+ !m que/ions by a bl[ ( ! hamm]1 & ga!r+ _! oracul> answ]s exp]im5tally f ! result4 ,art1 l salvation1 proce$$ by a s]ies ( little miracles2 x 0 a bl9d "w1 half /ubborn pati5ce1 half unm]it$ grace4 ,if ! product 0 de/9$ to fill a ni*e 9 ! cele/ial edifice1 t 0 ,god's bus9ess & might be left to him3 :at conc]n$ ! sculptor 0 to-day's lab\r & joy1 ) ! %rewd wisdom !y might br+ aft] !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,repres5tation introduc$4 ,go?ic ornam5t 0 accord+ly m ?an ornam5t2 x 0 sculpture4 ,to ! ar*itect sculpture & pa9t+ are only means ( v>iegat+ a surface2 light & %ade1 dep? & elaboration1 are !reby secur$ & aid him 9 di/ribut+ 8 masses4 ,= ?is reason geometrical or highly conv5tionalis$ ornam5t is all ! ar*itect requires4 ,if 8 decorators furni% m1 if !y insi/ on copy+ natural =ms or illu/rat+ hi/ory1 t is _! own affair4 ,_! humanity w d\btless give !m1 z repres5tative arti/s1 a new claim on human reg>d1 & ! build+ !y enri* 9 _! pictorial fa%ion w ga9 a new *>m1 j z x w\ld ga9 by hi/oric associations or by ! smell ( inc5se cl++ to its walls4 ,:5 ! arts sup]pose _! effects ! total impression belongs to none ( !m 9 p>ticul>2 x is imag9ative m]ely or 9 ! broade/ s5se poetical4 ,s ! monum5tal function ( ,greek sculpture1 & ! int]pretations x gave to national my?s1 made e temple a /oreh\se ( poetic memories4 ,9 ! same way e great ca!dral became a pi\s /ory-book4 ,con/ruction1 by admitt+ appli$ decoration1 (f]s a spl5did basis & backgr\nd = repres5tative art4 ,x is 9 _! decorative function t con/ruction & repres5tation meet2 !y are able to conspire 9 "o ideal effect by virtue ( ! common appeal :i* !y unwitt+ly make to ! s5ses4 ,if con/ruction 7 n decorative x c\ld nev] ally itself imag9atively to decoration2 & decoration 9 turn w\ld nev] be will+ly repres5tative if ! =ms :i* illu/ration requires 7 n decorative 9 !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,transition to illu/ration4 ,illu/ration has nev]!less an intellectual function by :i* x div]ges altoge!r f decoration & ev51 9 ! n>r[e/ s5se ( ! ^w1 f art3 = ! ess5ce ( illu/ration lies nei!r 9 use nor 9 beauty4 ,! illu/rator's impulse is to reproduce & describe giv5 objects4 ,he wi%es 9 ! fir/ place to =ce obs]v]s--ov]look+ all logical scruples--to call 8 "w by ! "n ( its subject matt]2 & !n he wi%es to in=m !m fur!r1 ?r\gh 8 repres5tation1 & to tea* !m to appreh5d ! real object z1 9 its natural exi/5ce1 x might nev] h be5 appreh5d$4 ,8 fir/ task is to translate ! object fai?fully into 8 special m$ium2 8 second task1 some:at m ambiti\s1 is s to p5etrate into ! object dur+ t process ( translation t ?is translation may become at ! same "t analytic & imag9ative1 9 t x signalises ! object's /ructure & emphasises its ideal sugge/ions4 ,9 su* reproduction bo? h& & m9d are call$ ^u to con/ruct & build up a new app>ition2 b "h con/ruction has ceas$ to be *iefly decorative or absolute 9 ord] to become repres5tative4 ,! /hetic elem5t 9 art has begun to rec$e be=e ! intellectual2 & s5su\s effects1 :ile ( c\rse reta9$ & /ill /udi$1 seem to be impress$ into ! s]vice ( ideas4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,pla/ic ,,repres5tation ,sid5ote3 ,psy*ology ( imitation4 ,imitation is a f]tile pr9ciple 9 ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,we h se5 t x furni%es ! only rational sanction = belief 9 any fell[ m9d2 n[ we %all see h[ x creates ! mo/ glori\s & int]e/+ ( pla/ic arts4 ,! ma*9]y ( imitation is obscure b its preval5ce is obvi\s1 & ev5 9 ! pres5t rudim5t>y /ate ( human biology we may p]haps div9e "s ( its g5]al features4 ,9 a motor image ! m9d repres5ts prophetically :at ! body is ab\t to execute3 b all images are m or less motor1 s t no idea1 app>5tly1 c occupy ! m9d unless ! body has receiv$ "s impulse to enact ! same4 ,! pla/ic in/9ct to reproduce :at is se5 is !re=e simply an un9t]rupt$ & adequate see+2 ^! two ph5om5a1 sep>able logically & divid$ 9 ,c>tesian psy*ology by an artificial *asm1 are insep>able 9 exi/5ce & are1 = natural hi/ory1 two p>ts ( ! same ev5t4 ,t an image %\ld exi/ = consci\sness is1 ab/ractly reg>d$1 a fact :i* nei!r involves motion nor con/itutes k2 b t natural relation to ult]ior ev5ts :i* end[s t image ) a cognitive function id5tifies x at ! same "t ) ! motor impulse :i* accompanies ! idea4 ,if ! image involv$ no bodily attitude & prophesi$ no action x w\ld ref] to no ev5tual exi/5ce & w\ld h no practical mean+4 ,ev5 if x meant to ref] to some?+ ult]ior x w\ld1 "u ^? circum/ances1 miss its aim1 see+ t no natural relation connect$ x ) any object :i* c\ld support or v]ify its assev]ations4 ,x might feel significant1 l a dream1 b its significance w\ld be va9 & n really self-transc5d5t2 = x is 9 ! _w ( ev5ts t logic mu/ f9d application1 if x c>es = applicability at all4 ,?is ne$ful bond betwe5 ideas & ! fur!r exi/5ces !y =ebode is n m]ely a logical po/ulate1 tak5 on tru/ because ! ideas 9 !mselves ass]t x2 x is a previ\s & g5etic bond1 prop] to ! soil 9 :i* ! idea fl\ri%es & a condition ( its exi/5ce4 ,= ! idea expresses unaw>es a pres5t c]ebral ev5t ( :i* ! ult]ior ev5t consci\sly look$ to is a desc5dant or an ance/or2 s t ! rip5+ ( t idea1 or its prior hi/ory1 leads mat]ially to ! fact :i* ! idea seeks to repres5t ideally4 ,sid5ote3 ,su/a9$ s5sation involves reproduction4 ,9 "s su* fa%ion we may come to conceive h[ imitative art is simply ! p]fection & fulfilm5t ( s5sation4 ,! act ( app]ception 9 :i* a s5sation is reflect$ ^u & und]/ood is already an int]nal reproduction4 ,! object is retrac$ & gone ov] 9 ! m9d1 n )\t q p]ceptible movem5ts 9 ! limbs1 :i* sway1 z x 71 9 sympa?y ) ! object's habit4 ,presumably ?is incipi5t imitation ( ! object is ! physical basis = app]ception itself2 ! /imulus1 :atev] devi\s c\rses x may pursue1 recon/itutes itself into an impulse to r5d] ! object aga91 z we acquire ! acc5t :i* we (t5 he>4 ,?is imitation sometimes has ! happie/ results1 9 t ! animal fights ) "o t fights1 & runs aft] "o t runs away f him4 ,all ?is happ5s initially1 z we may /ill obs]ve 9 ourselves1 q )\t ?\ght ( ev5tual pr(it2 al?\gh if *ase leads to contact1 & contact /imulates hung] or lu/1 movem5ts important = pres]vation w quickly foll[4 ,su* ev5tual utilities1 h[ev]1 l all utilities1 are support$ by a prodigi\s gratuit\s vitality1 & long be=e a practical or sci5tific use ( s5sation is atta9$ its arti/ic =ce is 9 full op]ation4 ,if art be play1 x is only because all life is play 9 ! beg9n+4 ,rational adju/m5ts to tru? & to b5efit sup]v5e only occasionally & at a high] level4 ,sid5ote3 ,imitative art repeats ) int5t to repeat1 & 9 a new mat]ial4 ,imitation _c1 ( c\rse1 result 9 a lit]al repetition ( ! object t sugge/s x4 ,! copy is second>y2 x does n it]ate ! model by creat+ a second object on ! same plane ( reality1 b reproduces ! =m 9 a new m$ium & gives x a diff]5t function4 ,9 ^! latt] circum/ances lies ! imitative ess5ce ( ! second image3 = "o leaf does n imitate ano!r nor is ea* tw9 ! o!r's copy4 ,l s5sibility1 imitation remodels a giv5 be+ s t x becomes1 9 c]ta9 =mal respects1 l ano!r be+ 9 its environm5t4 ,x is a response & an index1 by :i* note is tak5 ( a situation or ( its possible developm5ts4 ,:5 a man involunt>ily imitates o!r m51 he does n become ^? o!r p]sons2 he is simply modifi$ by _! pres5ce 9 a mann] t all[s him to conceive _! w & _! indep5d5t exi/5ce1 n )\t gr[+ simil> to !m 9 "s measure & fram+ a g5u9e repres5tation ( !m 9 8 s\l4 ,he enacts :at he und]/&s1 & 8 und]/&+ consi/s precisely 9 kn[+ t he is re-enact+ some?+ :i* has its collat]al exi/5ce else:]e 9 nature4 ,an elem5t 9 ! p]cipi5t repeats ! total movem5t & t5d5cy ( ! p]son p]ceiv$4 ,! imitation1 ?\gh ak9 to :at x imitates1 & reproduc+ x1 lies 9 a diff]5t m$ium1 & accord+ly has a specific individuality & specific effects4 ,imitation is f> m ?an simil>ity1 nor does its ideal function lie 9 br++ a flat & unmean+ simil>ity ab\t4 ,x has a repres5tative & intellectual value because 9 reproduc+ ! =ms ( ?+s x reproduces !m 9 a fre% sub/ance to a new purpose4 ,if ,i imitate mank9d by foll[+ _! fa%ions1 ,i add "o to ! million & improve no?+3 b if ,i imitate !m "u prop] inhibitions & 9 ! s]vice ( my own ends1 ,i really und]/& !m1 &1 by repres5t+ :at ,i d n bodily become1 ,i pres]ve & enl>ge my own be+ & make x relevant ideally to :at x physically dep5ds ^u4 ,assimilation is a way ( drift+ ?r\gh ! flux or ( lett+ x drift ?r\gh oneself2 repres5tation1 on ! contr>y1 is a pr9ciple ( progress4 ,to gr[ by accumulat+ passions & fancies is at be/ to gr[ 9 bulk3 x is to become :at a colony or a hydra might be4 ,b to make ! accretions :i* "t br+s to y\r be+ repres5tative ( :at y are n1 & d n wi% to be1 is to gr[ 9 dignity4 ,x is to be wise & prep>$4 ,x is to survey a univ]se )\t ceas+ to be a m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,imitation leads to adaptation & to k4 ,a product ( imitative s5sibility is accord+ly on a high] plane ?an ! orig9al exi/5ces x introduces to "o ano!r--! ignorant individual & ! unkn[n _w4 ,imitation 9 s(t5+ ! body into physical adju/m5t /imulates ! m9d to ideal repres5tation4 ,?is is ! case ev5 :5 ! /imulus is a contagi\s influ5ce or habit1 ?\gh ! response may !n be slavi% & ! repres5tation vague4 ,%eep jump+ a wall aft] _! lead] d\btless feel t !y are n alone2 & ?\gh _! action may h no purpose x probably has a felt sanction & rew>d4 ,m5 also ?9k !y invoke an au?ority :5 !y appeal to ! quod semp] et ubique et ab omnibus1 & a consci\s unanimity is a human if n a rational joy4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! /imulus to imitation is n s p]vasive & t\*es *iefly a s+le s5se1 :5 :at x ar\ses is a movem5t ( ! h& or eye retrac+ ! object1 !n ! response becomes v def9itely cognitive4 ,x con/itutes an obs]vation ( fact1 an acqua9tance ) a ?+'s /ructure am\nt+ to te*nical k2 = su* a survey leaves beh9d x a p[] to recon/itute ! process x involv$4 ,x leaves an efficaci\s idea4 ,9 an idle mom5t1 :5 ! in=mation ?us acquir$ ne$ n be put to in/ant use1 ! new-born faculty may "w itself out spontane\sly4 ,! s\nd he>d is repeat$1 ! ?+ obs]v$ is sket*$1 ! ev5t conceiv$ is act$ out 9 pantomime4 ,!n imitation r\nds itself out2 an un9hibit$ s5sation has become an in/9ct to keep t s5sation alive1 & pla/ic repres5tation has begun4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ ! arti/ is inspir$ & irresponsible4 ,! secret ( repres5tative g5ius is simple en\gh4 ,all hangs on int5se1 exhau/ive1 rehe>s$ s5sation4 ,to pa9t is a way ( lett+ vision "w2 nor %\ld ! amateur imag9e t :ile he lacks te*nical k he c h 9 8 possession all ! ideal burd5 ( an art4 ,8 reaction w be p]sonal & adv5titi\s1 & he w miss ! arti/'s real inspiration & ignore 8 g5u9e successes4 ,y may in/ruct a poet ab\t lit]ature1 b 8 allegiance is to emotion4 ,y may (f] ! sculptor y\r comp>ative obs]vations on /yle & ta/e2 he may or may n c>e to li/51 b :at he kn[s & loves is ! human body4 ,critics are 9 ?is way always "o /age beh9d or beyond ! arti/2 _! op]ation is reflective & 8 is direct4 ,9 transf]r+ to 8 special m$ium :at he has be=e him 8 :ole m9d is lo/ 9 ! object2 z ! m>ksman1 to %oot /raight1 looks at ! m>k4 ,h[ successful ! result is1 or h[ appeal+ to human nature1 he judges aft]w>ds1 z an outsid] might1 & usually judges ill2 s9ce !re is no life less apt to yield a broad und]/&+ = human affairs or ev5 = ! residue ( art itself1 ?an ! life ( a man inspir$1 a man absorb$1 z ! g5u9e arti/ is1 9 8 own travail4 ,b into ?is travail1 into ?is dige/ion & reproduction ( ! ?+ se51 a critic c h>dly ent]4 ,hav+ himself ! ult]ior (fice ( judge1 he mu/ n hope to rival nature's *ildr5 9 _! sportiv5ess & intuition4 ,9 an age ( moral confusion1 ^! circum/ances may lead to a /range %ift+ ( rles4 ,! critic1 feel+ t some?+ 9 ! arti/ has escap$ him1 may lab\r to put himself 9 ! arti/'s place4 ,if he succe$$1 ! result w\ld only be to make him a biograph]2 he w\ld be describ+ 9 words ! v intuitions :i* ! arti/ _h r5d]$ 9 "s o!r m$ium4 ,to und]/& h[ ! arti/ felt1 h[ev]1 is n criticism2 criticism is an inve/igation ( :at ! "w is good =4 ,its function may be *iefly to awak5 c]ta9 emotions 9 ! behold]1 to deep5 9 him c]ta9 habits ( app]ception2 b ev5 ?is mo/ /hetic elem5t 9 a "w's op]ation does n borr[ its value f ! possible fact t ! arti/ also %>$ ^? habits & emotions4 ,if he did1 & if !y are desirable1 s mu* ! bett] = him2 b 8 "w's value w\ld /ill consi/ entirely 9 its p[] to propagate su* good effects1 :e!r !y 7 already pres5t 9 him or n4 ,all criticism is !re=e moral1 s9ce x deals ) b5efits & _! relative weight4 ,psy*ological p5etration & recon/ruct$ biography may be excell5t sport2 if !y d n rea* hi/oric tru? !y may at lea/ ex]cise dramatic tal5t4 ,criticism1 on ! o!r h&1 is a s]i\s & public function2 x %[s ! race assimilat+ ! individual1 divid+ ! immortal f ! mortal "p ( a s\l4 ,sid5ote3 ,ne$ ( kn[+ & lov+ ! subject r5d]$4 ,repres5tation naturally repeats ^? objects :i* are mo/ int]e/+ 9 !mselves4 ,ev5 ! m$ium1 :5 a *oice is possible1 is usually det]m9$ by ! sort ( objects to be reproduc$4 ,in/rum5ts lose _! virtue ) _! use & a m$ium ( repres5tation1 toge!r ) its manipulation1 is no?+ b a vehicle4 ,x is fit if x makes possible a good r5dition4 ,all accord+ly hangs on :at life has made int]e/+ to ! s5ses1 on :at pres5ts itself p]suasively to ! arti/ = imitation2 & liv+ arts exi/ only :ile well-kn[n1 mu*-lov$ ?+s imp]atively dem& to be copi$1 s t _! reproduction has "s hone/ non-/hetic int]e/ = mank9d4 ,al?\gh subject matt] is (t5 said to be indiff]5t to art1 & an arti/1 :5 8 art is second>y1 may ?9k ( 8 te*nique only1 no?+ is really s poor & melan*oly z art t is int]e/$ 9 itself & n 9 its subject4 ,if any remnant ( inspiration or value cl+s to su* a p]=mance1 x comes f a surviv+ ta/e = some?+ 9 ! real _w4 ,?us ! lit]ature t calls itself purely /hetic is 9 tru? pruri5t2 )\t ?is half-av[$ weakness to play ^u1 ! col\r$ images evok$ w\ld h _h no?+ to m>%all or to su/a9 !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,public int]e/s det]m9e ! subject ( art1 & ! subject ! m$ium4 ,a good way to und]/& s*ools & /yles & to appreciate _! respective functions & successes is to consid] fir/ :at region ( nature preoccupi$ ! age 9 :i* !y arose4 ,p]ception c cut ! _w up into _m patt]ns1 :i* x isolates & dignifies ) ! "n ( ?+s4 ,x mu/ di/+ui% be=e x c reproduce & ! objects :i* att5tion di/+ui%es are ( _m /range sorts4 ,?us ! s+le man1 ! h]o1 9 8 acts ( pr[ess or 9 8 read9ess1 may be ! unit & /&>d 9 disc\rse4 ,x w !n be 8 image t w preoccupy ! arts4 ,= su* a task ! mo/ adequate art is evid5tly sculpture1 = sculpture is ! mo/ complete ( imitations4 ,9 no o!r art c appreh5sion r5d] itself s exhau/ively & ) su* recup]ative =ce4 ,sculpture reta9s =m & col\r1 ) all t bo? c sugge/1 & x reta9s !m 9 _! integrity1 leav+ ! obs]v] free to resurvey !m f any po9t ( view & dr9k 9 _! quality exhau/ively4 ,sid5ote3 ,reproduction by act+ ephem]a4 ,! movem5t & spee* :i* are want+1 ! /age may be call$ ^u to supply2 b x _c supply !m )\t a t]rible sacrifice1 = x _c give p]man5ce to x expression4 ,act+ is = ?is reason an inf]ior art1 n p]haps 9 difficulty & c]ta9ly n 9 effect1 b inf]ior 9 dignity1 s9ce ! ef=t ( art is to keep :at is int]e/+ 9 exi/5ce1 to recreate x 9 ! et]nal1 & ?is ideal is half fru/rat$ if ! repres5tation is itself fleet+ & ! r5d]+ has no firm] subsi/5ce ?an ! inspiration t gave x bir?4 ,by mak+ himself1 almo/ 9 8 entirety1 ! m$ium ( 8 art1 ! actor is morally dim9i%$1 & z little ( him rema9s 9 8 "w1 :5 ?is is good1 z ( 8 "w 9 hi/ory4 ,he l5ds himself )\t int]e/1 & aft] be+ ,brutus at "o mom5t & ,fal/aff at ano!r1 he is n m truly himself4 ,he is aboli%$ by 8 creations1 :i* nev]!less _c survive him4 ,sid5ote3 ,high dem&s ( sculpture4 ,be+ s adequate a r5d]+ ( its object1 sculpture dem&s a p]fect ma/]y ov] x & is correspond+ly difficult4 ,x requires ta/e & tra9+ above e o!r art2 = n only mu/ ! mat]ial =m be reproduc$1 b its motor sugge/ions & moral expression mu/ be r5d]$2 ?+s :i* 9 ! model itself are at be/ transitory1 & :i* may nev] be f\nd !re if a h]oic or ideal !me is propos$4 ,! sculptor is oblig$ to h caught on ! w+ attitudes mom5t>ily a*iev$ or vaguely imag9$2 yet ^! mu/ gr[ firm & h>moni\s "u 8 h&4 ,nor is ?is en\gh2 = sculpture is m dep5d5t ?an o!r arts on its model4 ,if ! /atue is to be ideal1 i4e41 if x is to express ! possible motions & vital "* ( its subject1 ! model mu/ itself be ref9$4 ,tra9+ mu/ h cut 9 ! fle% ^? l9es :i* are to make ! language & eloqu5ce ( ! m>ble4 ,trivial & vulg> =ms1 su* z mod]n sculpture ab\nds 91 reflect an undiscipl9$ race ( m51 "o 9 :i* nei!r s\l nor body has done any?+ well1 because ! two h done no?+ toge!r4 ,! frame has rema9$ gross or awkw>d1 :ile ! face has tak5 on a t5se expression1 betray+ loose & undignifi$ habits ( m9d4 ,to c>ve su* a creature is to p]petuate a c>icature4 ,! mod]n sculptor is /opp$ %ort at ! fir/ conception ( a figure2 if he gives x its co/ume1 x is grotesque2 if he /rips x1 x is unmean+ & pitiful4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is ess5tially obsolete4 ,greece 0 9 all ^! respects a soil s+ul>ly fav\rable to sculpture4 ,! success !re a*iev$ 0 s conspicu\s t two ?\s& ye>s ( ess5tial sup]fluity h n avail$ to extirpate ! art4 ,pla/ic impulse is inde$ immortal1 & _m a h&1 ev5 )\t classic example1 w\ld h fall5 to modell+4 ,9 ! middle ages1 :ile monum5tal sculpture 0 /ill rudely rem9isc5t1 ornam5tal c>v+ arose spontane\sly4 ,yet at e /ep ! exp]im5tal sculptor w\ld run up aga9/ disa/]4 ,:at c\ld be se5 9 ! /reets1 :ile x (f]$ pl5ty ( subjects1 (f]$ none t c\ld /imulate 8 tal5t4 ,8 patrons ask$ only = illu/ration & appli$ ornam5t2 8 models (f]$ only ! smirk & sad hum\r ( a /unt$ life4 ,"h & !re 8 /atues might atta9 a c]ta9 sweetness & grace1 su* z pa9t+ might p]fectly well h r5d]$2 b on ! :ole sculpture rema9$ decorative & infantile4 ,! ,r5aissance br\ght back te*nical fre$om & a c]ta9 inspiration1 unhappily a retrospective & exotic "o4 ,! art cut praisewor?y cap]s 9 ! face ( ! public1 b nobody c\ld tea* ! public itself to dance4 ,if sev]al great temp]am5ts1 "u ! auspices ( fa%ion1 c\ld !n call up a magic _w 9 :i* bodies /ill spoke a h]oic language1 t 0 a pass+ dream4 ,society c\ld n fe$ su* an artificial passion1 nor ! s*ools transmit an arbitr>y p]sonal /yle t respond$ to no?+ p]man5t 9 social conditions4 ,academies cont9u$ to (f] prizes = sculpture1 ! nude cont9u$ to be se5 9 /udios1 & eque/rian or o!r rhetorical /atues cont9u$ occasionally to be erect$ 9 public squ>es4 ,h]oic sculpture1 h[ev]1 9 mod]n society1 is really an anomaly & confesses z mu* by be+ a failure4 ,no p]sonal tal5t avails to rescue an art f lab\r$ insignificance :5 x has no /eady+ function 9 ! moral _w1 & mu/ wav] betwe5 caprice & conv5tion4 ,:]e some?+ mode/ & g5u9e peep$ out 0 9 portraiture1 & also at times 9 t devotional sculpture 9 wood :i* /ill respond$ to a native int]e/ & consequ5tly kept its s9c]ity & col\r4 ,pi\s images may be feeble 9 ! extreme1 b !y h n ! weakness ( be+ m]ely /hetic4 ,! purveyor ( *ur* w>es has a /at$ !me2 he is employ$ = a purpose2 & if he has en\gh te*nical res\rce 8 "w may become truly beautiful3 :i* is n to say t he w succe$ if 8 conceptions are )\t dignity or 8 /yle )\t discretion4 ,!re are good ,mat] dolorosas2 !re is no good ,sacr$ ,he>t4 ,sid5ote3 ,:5 m5 see gr\ps & backgr\nds !y are natural pa9t]s4 ,x may happ51 h[ev]1 t p are n int]e/$ 9 subjects t dem& or all[ reproduction 9 bulk4 ,! isolat$ figure or simple gr\p may seem cold ap>t f its natural sett+4 ,9 r5d]+ an action y may ne$ to r5d] its sc5e1 if x is ! circum/ance t gives x value r ?an ! h]o4 ,y may also wi% to trace out ! action ?r\gh a s]ies ( episodes ) _m figures4 ,9 ! latt] case y might h rec\rse to a bas-relief1 :i*1 al?\gh durable1 is usually a ?ankless "w2 !re is little 9 x t might n be convey$ 9 a draw+ ) di/9ctness4 ,z "s arti/s1 l ,mi*ael ,angelo1 h c>ri$ ! sculptor's _s into pa9t+1 _m m1 :5 pa9t+ is ! preval5t & natural art1 h produc$ c>v$ pictures4 ,x may be said t any "w is ess5tially a picture :i* is conceiv$ f a s+le qu>t] & meant to be look$ at only 9 "o light4 ,objects 9 su* a case ne$ n be s truly app]ceiv$ & appropriat$ z !y w\ld h to be 9 true sculpture4 ,"o aspect suffices3 ! subject pres5t$ is n s mu* con/ruct$ z dreamt4 ,sid5ote3 ,evolution ( pa9t+4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( pa9t+ may be /rung on ?is s+le ?read--! ef=t to recon/itute impressions1 fir/ ! dramatic impression & !n ! s5su\s4 ,a summ>y & symbolic repres5tation ( ?+s is all t at fir/ is dem&$2 ! po9t is to describe some?+ pictorially & recall p's names & actions4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ar*aic pa9t+ to be q discursive & symbolic2 ea* figure is treat$ sep>ately & /uck side by side ) ! o!rs ^u a gold5 gr\nd4 ,! pa9t] is "h smo!r$ 9 ! record]1 9 ! annali/2 only ^? p]ceptions are all[$ to /& :i* h individual names or *ronicle facts m5tion$ 9 ! /ory4 ,b vision is really m s5su\s & ri* ?an report1 if art is only able to hold vision 9 susp5se & make x explicit4 ,:5 pa9t+ is /ill at ?is /age1 & is employ$ on hi]oglyphics1 x may rea* ! maximum ( decorative spl5d\r4 ,:atev] s5su\s gl[ f9] repres5tations may lat] acquire w be n s5su\s m]ely1 b poetical2 ,titians1 ,murillos1 or ,turn]s are col\ri/s 9 repres5tation1 & _! canvases w\ld n be p>ticul>ly w>m or lum9\s if !y repres5t$ no?+ human or my/ical or atmosph]ic4 ,a /a9$-glass w9d[ or a wall ( tiles c outdo !m = pure col\r & decorative magic4 ,leav+ decoration1 accord+ly1 to take c>e ( itself & be appli$ z s5se may f "t to "t require1 pa9t+ goes on to elaborate ! symbols ) :i* x beg9s1 to make !m symbolise m & m ( :at _! object conta9s4 ,a catalogue ( p]sons w fall into a gr\p1 a gr\p w be fus$ into a dramatic action4 ,conv5tional z ! sep>ate figures may /ill be1 _! attitudes & relations w recon/itute ! dramatic impression4 ,! ev5t w be r5d]$ 9 its own language2 x w n1 to be recognis$1 h to appeal to words4 ,?us a symbolic crucifixion is a crucifixion only because we "k by report t x is2 a pla/ic crucifixion w\ld fir/ tea* u1 on ! contr>y1 :at a real crucifixion might be4 ,x only rema9s to supply ! a]ial m$ium & make dramatic tru? s5su\s tru? also4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5su\s & dramatic adequacy approa*$4 ,to "w up a s5sation intellectually & reawak5 all its passionate associations is to rea* a new & m excit+ s5sation :i* we call emotion or ?\ght4 ,z 9 poetry !re are two /ages1 "o pregnant & prior to prose & ano!r po/]ior & syn!tic1 s 9 pa9t+ we h n only a rev]sion to s5se b an ult]ior syn!sis ( ! s5su\s1 its int]pretation 9 a dramatic or poetic vision4 ,ar*aic pa9t+1 ) its ab/ract r5d]+ ( sep>ate ?+s1 is ! prose ( design4 ,x w\ld n be beautiful at all b = its col\r & te*nical feel+--t expression ( c&\r & satisfaction :i* may p]vade x1 z x might a ,lat9 rhyme4 ,to correct ?is ?9ness & dislocation1 to re/ore life )\t los+ significance1 pa9t+ mu/ proce$ to accumulate symbol ^u symbol1 till ! orig9al impression is almo/ re/or$1 b s re/or$ t x conta9s all ! articulation :i* a ?or\gh analysis _h giv5 x4 ,su* pa9t+ z ,t9toretto's or ,paolo ,v]onese's records impressions z a cultivat$ s5se might receive !m4 ,x gl[s ) visible light & /udies ! s5su\s appe>ance1 b x conta9s at ! same "t an intellig5t expression ( all ^? me*anisms1 ^? situations & passions1 ) :i* ! liv+ _w is div]sifi$4 ,x is n a design 9 spots1 meant m]ely to outdo a sunset2 x is a ri*] dream ( exp]i5ce1 meant to out%9e ! reality4 ,9 ord] to recon/itute ! image we may take an ab/ract repres5tation or hi]oglyphic & gradually increase its dep? & its scope4 ,z ! pa9t] becomes aw>e ( :at at fir/ he _h ignor$1 he adds col\r to outl9e1 modell+ to col\r1 & f9ally an obs]vant r5d]+ ( t9ts & values4 ,?is process gives back to objects _! texture & atmosph]e1 & ! space 9 :i* !y lie4 ,f a repres5tation :i* is /atuesque 9 feel+ & :i* r5d]s figures by furni%+ a visible inv5tory ( _! p>ts & attributes1 ! arti/ passes to consid]+ 8 figures m & m z p>ts ( a :ole & z mov+ 9 an ambi5t e!r4 ,!y t5d accord+ly to lose _! sep>ate emphasis1 9 ord] to be l fl[]s 9 a field or trees 9 a =e/4 ,!y become elem5ts1 int]e/+ *iefly by _! int]play1 & %9+ by a light :i* is mutually reflect$4 ,sid5ote3 ,ess5ce ( l&scape-pa9t+4 ,:5 ?is trans=mation is complete ! pa9t+ is ess5tially a l&scape4 ,x may n repres5t precisely ! op5 c\ntry2 x may ev5 depict an int]ior1 l ,velasquez's ,m59as4 ,b ! obs]v]1 ev5 9 ! pres5ce ( m5 & artificial objects1 has be5 ov]come by ! m$ium 9 :i* !y swim4 ,he is see+ ! air & :at x happ5s to hold4 ,he is imp>tially recreat+ f )9 all t nature puts be=e him1 q z if 8 imag9ation _h become _! diffus$ mat]ial sub/ance4 ,:atev] individuality & moral value ^! bits ( sub/ance may h !y acquire = him1 z = nature1 incid5tally & by virtue ( ult]ior relations consequ5t on _! physical be+4 ,if ?is physical be+ is :olly express$1 ! humanity & morality involv$ w be express$ likewise1 ev5 if express$ unaw>es4 ,?us a pr(\nd & omnivor\s rev]ie ov]fl[s ! m9d2 x dev\rs its objects or is absorb$ into !m1 & ! mood :i* ?is active self-ali5ation br+s ) x is call$ ! _s ( ! sc5e1 ! s5tim5t ( ! l&scape4 ,p]ception & art1 9 ?is phase1 easily gr[ my/ical2 !y are readily lo/ 9 primordial physical sympa?ies4 ,al?\gh at fir/ a c]ta9 articulation & discursiv5ess may be reta9$ 9 ! picture1 s t ! ?+s se5 9 _! atmosph]e & relations may /ill be di/+ui%$ cle>ly1 ! f>!r ! imp>tial absorption 9 !m goes1 ! m :at is int]-individual rises & floods ! individual ov]4 ,all becomes light & dep? & air1 & ^? p>ticul> objects ?reat5 to vani% :i* we _h hop$ to make lum9\s1 brea?+1 & pr(\nd4 ,! initiat$ eye sees s _m nameless t9ts & surfaces1 t x c no long] select any creative limits = ?+s4 ,!re cease to be fix$ outl9es1 cont9u\s col\rs1 or discrete exi/5ces 9 nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,its ?reat5$ dissolution4 ,an arti/1 h[ev]1 _c af=d to =get t ev5 9 su* a case units & divisions w\ld h to be introduc$ by him into 8 "w4 ,a man1 9 fall+ back on imm$iate reality1 or imm$iate appe>ance1 may well feel 8 m9d's articulate gramm> los+ its au?ority1 b t gramm> mu/ evid5tly be reass]t$ if f ! imm$iate he ev] wi%es to rise aga9 to articulate m9d2 & art1 aft] all1 exi/s = ! m9d & mu/ speak humanly4 ,if we crave some?+ else1 we h n s f> to g3 !re is always ! inf9ite ab\t u & ! animal )9 u to absolve u f human di/9ctions4 ,moreov]1 x is n q true t ! imm$iate has no real div]sity4 ,x evid5tly sugge/s ! ideal t]ms into :i* we divide x1 & x su/a9s our appreh5sion itself1 ) all ! div]sities ?is may create4 ,to :at ,i call "r & left1 light & d>kness1 a real opposition mu/ correspond 9 any reality :i* is at all relevant to my exp]i5ce2 s t ,i %\ld fail to integrate my impression1 & to absorb ! only reality t conc]ns me1 if ,i oblit]at$ ^? po9ts ( ref]5ce :i* orig9ally made ! _w figur$ & visible4 ,space rema9s absolutely d>k1 = all ! inf9ite light :i* we may decl>e to be radiat+ ?r\gh x1 until ?is light is conc5trat$ 9 "o body or reflect$ f ano!r2 & a l&scape _c be s mu* z vapor\s unless mi/s are di/+ui%able 9 x1 & ?r\gh !m "s kn[n object :i* !y obscure4 ,9 a ^w1 l&scape is always1 9 spite ( itself1 a collection ( p>ticul> repres5tations4 ,x is a mass ( hi]oglyphics1 ea* ! graphic symbol = "s def9ite human s5sation or reaction2 only ^! symbols h be5 extraord9>ily enri*$ & are fus$ 9 repres5tation1 s t1 l in/rum5ts 9 an or*e/ra1 !y are m]g$ 9 ! volum9\s s5sation !y con/itute toge!r1 a s5sation 9 :i*1 = att5tive p]ception1 !y nev] cease to exi/4 ,sid5ote3 ,rev]sion to pure decorative design4 ,impati5ce ( su* control z reality mu/ always ex]cise ov] repres5tation may drive pa9t+ back to a simpl] function4 ,:5 a design]1 foll[+ 8 own automatic impulse1 conv5tionalises a =m1 he makes a legitimate ex*ange1 sub/itut+ fidelity to 8 app]ceptive in/9cts = fidelity to 8 ext]nal impressions4 ,:5 a l&scape-pa9t]1 revolt+ aga9/ a t$i\s discursive /yle1 /udies only masses ( col\r & ab/ract sy/ems ( l9es1 he reta9s some?+ 9 itself beautiful1 al?\gh no long] repres5tative1 p]haps1 ( any?+ 9 nature4 ,a pure impression _c be illegitimate2 x _c be false until x pret5ds to repres5t some?+1 & !n x w h ceas$ to be a simple feel+1 s9ce some?+ 9 x w ref] to an ult]ior exi/5ce1 to :i* x ought to con=m4 ,?is ult]ior exi/5ce 7s9ce intellig5ce is life und]/&+ its own conditions7 c be no?+ 9 ! end b :at produc$ t impression4 ,s5su\s life1 h[ev]1 has its value )9 itself2 its pleasures are n significant4 ,repres5tative art is accord+ly 9 a s5se second>y2 beauty & expression beg9 f>!r back4 ,!y are pres5t :5ev] ! out] /imulus agreeably /rikes an organ & !reby ar\ses a su/a9$ image1 9 :i* ! consci\sness ( bo? /imulation & reaction is embodi$4 ,an ab/ract design 9 outl9e & col\r w amply fulfil ^! conditions1 if s5su\s & motor h>monies are pres]v$ 9 x1 & if a suffici5t sweep & dep? ( reaction is secur$4 ,/a9$-glass1 tape/ry1 panell+1 & 9 a measure all objects1 by _! m]e pres5ce & di/ribution1 h a decorative function4 ,:5 sculpture & pa9t+ cease to be repres5tative !y pass into ! same category4 ,decoration 9 turn m]ges 9 con/ruction2 & s all art1 l ! :ole ,life ( ,reason1 is jo9$ toge!r at its roots1 & bran*es out f ! vital processes ( s5sation & reaction4 ,div]sity arises c5trifugally1 accord+ to ! prov9ces explor$ & ! degree ( mutual *eck+ & control to :i* ! v>i\s ext5sions are subject$4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5su\s values are primordial & s indisp5sable4 ,organisation1 bo? int]nal & adaptive1 m>ks ! dignity & au?ority :i* ea* art may h atta9$2 b ?is advantage1 important z is mu/ seem to a philosoph] or a legislator1 is n :at ! arti/ *iefly consid]s4 ,8 privilege is to rema9 caprici\s 9 8 response to ! full-bl[n univ]se ( sci5ce & passion1 & to be /ill s5su\s 9 8 highe/ imag9+s4 ,he c>es = /ructure only :5 x is naturally decorative4 ,he ?9ks gates 7 inv5t$ = ! sake ( triumphal ar*es1 & =e/s = ! sake ( poets & de]4 ,repres5tation1 ) all x may repres5t1 means to him simply :at x says to 8 emotions4 ,9 all ?is ! arti/1 ?\gh 9 "o s5se fooli%1 9 ano!r way is s+ul>ly sane2 =1 aft] all1 ev]y?+ mu/ pass ?r\gh ! s5ses1 & life1 :atev] its complexity1 rema9s always prim>ily a feel+4 ,to r5d] ?is feel+ delightful1 to tra9 ! s5ses to _! highe/ pot5cy & h>mony 9 op]ation1 is to beg9 life well4 ,7 ! f\ndations defective & subject to int]nal /ra9 !re c\ld be little s\ndness 9 ! sup]/ructure4 /hetic activity is f> f be+ a late or adv5titi\s ornam5t 9 human economy2 x is an elem5t>y factor1 ! p]fection ( an indisp5sable vehicle4 ,:5ev] sci5ce or morals h done viol5ce to s5se !y h decre$ _! own dissolution4 ,to s5se a rebelli\s appeal w pres5tly be address$1 & ! appeal w g aga9/ ra% & empty dogmas4 ,a ke5 /hetic s5sibility & a fl\ri%+ art m>k ! pub]ty ( reason4 ,f]tility comes lat]1 aft] a m>riage ) ! practical _w4 ,b a s5su\s rip5+ is ne$$ fir/1 su* z my? & ornam5t betray 9 _! exub]ance4 ,a man :o has no feel+ = feel+ & no felicity 9 expression w h>dly "k :at he is ab\t 9 8 fur!r und]tak+s4 ,he w h miss$ 8 fir/ lesson 9 liv+ spontane\sly & well4 ,n kn[+ himself1 he w be all he>say & p$antry4 ,he may fall into ! sup]/ition ( suppos+ t :at gives life value c be some?+ ext]nal to life4 ,sci5ce & morals are !mselves arts t express natural impulses & f9d exp]im5tal rew>ds4 ,?is fact1 9 betray+ _! analogy to /hetic activity1 enables !m also to v9dicate _! excell5ce4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,ju/ification ,,( ,,art ,sid5ote3 ,art is subject to moral c5sor%ip4 ,x is no long] ! fa%ion among philosoph]s to decry art4 ,ei!r its influ5ce seems to !m too slight to excite al>m1 or _! sy/ems are too lax to subject any?+ to c5sure :i* has ! lea/ glam\r or ideality ab\t x4 ,tir$1 p]haps1 ( daily resolv+ ! conflict betwe5 sci5ce & religion1 !y pref] to assume sil5tly a h>mony betwe5 morals & art4 ,moral h>monies1 h[ev]1 are n giv52 !y h to be made4 ,! curse ( sup]/ition is t x ju/ifies & protracts _! abs5ce by proclaim+ _! invisible pres5ce4 ,( c\rse a rational religion c\ld n conflict ) a rational sci5ce2 & simil>ly an art t 0 :olly admirable w\ld necess>ily play into ! h&s ( progress4 ,b z ! real difficulty 9 ! =m] case lies 9 say+ :at religion & :at sci5ce w\ld be truly rational1 s "h ! problem is h[ f> extant art is a b5efit to mank9d1 & h[ f>1 p]haps1 a vice or a burd54 ,sid5ote3 ,its initial or specific excell5ce is n en\gh4 ,t art is prima facie & 9 itself a good _c be d\bt$4 ,x is a spontane\s activity1 & t settles ! "q4 ,yet ! function ( e?ics is precisely to revise prima facie judgm5ts ( ?is k9d & to fix ! ultimate resultant ( all giv5 int]e/s1 9 s f> z !y c be comb9$4 ,9 ! actual dis>ray ( human life & desire1 wisdom consi/s 9 kn[+ :at goods to sacrifice & :at simples to p\r into ! supreme mixture4 ,! ext5t to :i* /hetic values are all[$ to col\r ! resultant or highe/ good is a po9t ( great !oretic importance1 n only = art b = g5]al philosophy4 ,if art is exclud$ altoge!r or giv5 only a trivial rle1 p]haps z a necess>y relaxation1 we feel at once t a philosophy s judg+ human arts is ascetic or po/-rational4 ,x pret5ds to guide life f above & f )\t2 x has discr$it$ human nature & mortal int]e/s1 & has !reby und]m9$ itself1 s9ce x is at be/ b a p>tial expression ( t humanity :i* x /rives to transc5d4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 art is priz$ z some?+ supreme & irresponsible1 if ! poetic & my/ic gl[ :i* x may br+ seems its own complete ju/ification1 !n philosophy is evid5tly /ill pr]ational or1 r1 non-exi/5t2 = ! bea/s t li/5$ to ,orpheus belong to ?is s*ool4 ,to be bewit*$ is n to be sav$1 ?\gh all ! magicians & /hetes 9 ! _w %\ld pron\nce x to be s4 ,intoxication is a sad bus9ess1 at lea/ = a philosoph]2 = y mu/ ei!r dr[n y\rself altoge!r1 or else :5 sob] aga9 y w feel some:at fool$ by ye/]day's joys & some:at lo/ 9 to-day's vacancy4 ,! man :o w\ld emancipate art f discipl9e & reason is try+ to elude rationality1 n m]ely 9 art1 b 9 all exi/5ce4 ,he is vex$ at conditions ( excell5ce t make him consci\s ( 8 own incompet5ce & failure4 ,r ?an consid] 8 function1 he proclaims 8 self-suffici5cy4 ,a way fooli%ness has ( rev5g+ itself is to excommunicate ! _w4 ,x is 9 ! _w1 h[ev]1 t art mu/ f9d its level4 ,x mu/ v9dicate its function 9 ! human commonweal?4 ,:at direct acceptable contribution does x make to ! highe/ good8 ,:at sacrifices1 if any1 does x impose8 ,:at indirect influ5ce does x ex]t on o!r activities8 ,our answ] to ^! que/ions w be our apology = art1 our pro( t art belongs to ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,all satisfactions1 h[ev] hurtful1 h an initial wor?4 ,:5 morali/s deprecate passion & contra/ x ) reason1 !y d s1 if !y are !mselves rational1 only because passion is s (t5 8guilty10 because x works havoc s (t5 9 ! surr\nd+ _w & leaves1 among o!r ru9s1 8a he>t high-sorr[ful & cloy$40 ,7 !re no dang] ( su* aft]-effects )9 & )\t ! suff]]1 no passion w\ld be repreh5sible4 ,nature is innoc5t1 & s are all h] impulses & moods :5 tak5 9 isolation2 x is only on meet+ t !y blu%4 ,if x be true t matt] is s9ful1 ! logic ( ?is tru? is f> f be+ :at ! fanatics imag9e :o commonly prop\nd x4 ,matt] is s9ful only because x is insuffici5t1 or is wa/efully di/ribut$4 ,!re is n en\gh ( x to g r\nd among ! legion ( hungry ideas4 ,to embody or enact an idea is ! only way ( mak+ x actual2 b its embodim5t may mutilate x1 if ! mat]ial or ! situation is n propiti\s4 ,s an infant may be maim$ at bir?1 :5 :at injures him is n be+ br\ght =?1 b be+ br\ght =? 9 ! wrong mann]4 ,matt] has a d\ble function 9 respect to exi/5ce2 ess5tially x enables ! _s to be1 yet *okes x incid5tally4 ,m5 sadly misbegott51 or ^? :o are ?w>t$ at e /ep by ! times' p5ury1 may fall to ?9k+ ( matt] only by its defect1 ignor+ ! mat]ial gr\nd ( _! own aspirations4 ,all fle% w seem to !m weak1 except t =gott5 piece ( x :i* makes _! own spiritual /r5g?4 ,e impulse1 h[ev]1 _h initially ! same au?ority z ?is c5sori\s "o1 by :i* ! o!rs are n[ judg$ & condemn$4 ,sid5ote3 ,b1 on ! :ole1 arti/ic activity is innoc5t4 ,if a practice c po9t to its innoc5ce1 if x c absolve itself f conc]n = a _w ) :i* x does n int]f]e1 x has ju/ifi$ itself to ^? :o love x1 ?\gh x may n yet h recomm5d$ itself to ^? :o d n4 ,n[ art1 m ?an any o!r consid]able pursuit1 m ev5 ?an speculation1 is ab/ract & inconsequ5tial4 ,born ( susp5d$ att5tion1 x ends 9 itself4 ,x enc\rages s5su\s ab/raction1 & no?+ conc]ns x less ?an to influ5ce ! _w4 ,nor does x really d s 9 a notable degree4 ,social *anges d n rea* arti/ic expression until aft] _! mom5tum is acquir$ & _! o!r collat]al effects are fully pr$et]m9$4 ,sc>cely is a s*ool ( art e/abli%$1 giv+ expression to prevail+ s5tim5t1 :5 ?is s5tim5t *anges & makes t /yle seem empty & ridicul\s4 ,! expression has little or no p[] to ma9ta9 ! movem5t x regi/]s1 z a wat]fall has little or no p[] to br+ m wat] d[n4 ,curr5ts may inde$ cut deep *annels1 b !y _c fe$ _! own spr+s--at lea/ n until ! :ole revolution ( nature is tak5 into acc\nt4 ,9 ! individual1 also1 art regi/]s passions )\t /imulat+ !m2 on ! contr>y1 9 /opp+ to depict !m x /eals away _! life2 & :atev] int]e/ & delight x transf]s to _! expression x subtracts f _! vital en]gy4 ,?is appe>s unmi/akably 9 erotic & 9 religi\s art4 ,?\gh ! arti/'s av[$ purpose "h be to ar\se a practical impulse1 he fails 9 s f> z he is an arti/ 9 tru?2 = he !n w seek to move ! giv5 passions only ?r\gh beauty1 b beauty is a rival object ( passion 9 itself4 ,lascivi\s & pi\s works1 :5 beauty has t\*$ !m1 cease to give out :at is wilful & disquiet+ 9 _! subject & become altoge!r intellectual & sublime4 ,!re is a high brea?lessness ab\t beauty t cancels lu/ & sup]/ition4 ,! arti/1 9 tak+ ! latt] = 8 !me1 r5d]s !m innoc5t & int]e/+1 because he looks at !m f above1 composes _! attitudes & surr\nd+s h>moni\sly1 & makes !m food = ! m9d4 ,accord+ly x is only 9 a ref9$ & second>y /age t active passions l to amuse !mselves ) _! /hetic expression4 ,unmitigat$ lu/9ess & raw fanaticism w sn>l at pictures4 ,repres5tations beg9 to int]e/ :5 crude passions rec$e1 & feel ! ne$ ( conciliat+ lib]al int]e/s & add+ "s intellectual *>m to _! dumb attractions4 ,?us art1 :ile by its subject x may betray ! preoccupations among :i* x spr+s up1 embodies a new & q innoc5t int]e/4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is lib]al4 ,?is int]e/ is m ?an innoc5t1 x is lib]al4 ,n be+ conc]n$ ) mat]ial reality s mu* z ) ! ideal1 x kn[s nei!r ult]ior motives nor quantitative limits2 ! m beauty !re is ! m !re c be1 & ! high] "o arti/'s imag9ation so>s ! bett] ! :ole flock flies4 ,9 /hetic activity we h accord+ly "o side ( rational life2 s5su\s exp]i5ce is dom9at$ !re z me*anical or social realities ought to be dom9at$ 9 sci5ce & politics4 ,su* dom9ion comes ( hav+ faculties suit$ to _! conditions & consequ5tly f9d+ an inh]5t satisfaction 9 _! op]ation4 ,! ju/ification ( life mu/ be ultimately intr9sic2 & :]ev] su* self-ju/ify+ exp]i5ce is atta9$1 ! ideal has be5 9 s f> embodi$4 ,to h realis$ x 9 a measure helps u to realise x fur!r2 = !re is a cumulative fecundity 9 ^? goods :i* come n by increase ( =ce or matt]1 b by a bett] organisation & =m4 ,sid5ote3 & typical ( p]fect activity4 ,art has met1 on ! :ole1 ) m success ?an sci5ce or morals4 ,beauty gives m5 ! be/ h9t ( ultimate good :i* _! exp]i5ce z yet c (f]2 & ! mo/ laud$ g5iuses h be5 poets1 z if p felt t ^? se]s1 r ?an m5 ( action or ?\ght1 _h liv$ ideally & kn[n :at 0 wor? kn[+4 ,t su* %\ld be ! case1 if ! fact be admitt$1 w\ld inde$ prove ! rudim5t>y /ate ( human civilisation4 ,! truly compreh5sive life %\ld be ! /atesman's1 = :om p]ception & !ory might be express$ & rew>d$ 9 action4 ,! ideal dignity ( art is !re=e m]ely symbolic & vic>i\s4 ,z "s p /udy "* 9 novels1 & travel by read+ tales ( adv5ture1 because real life is n yet s int]e/+ to !m z fiction1 or because !y f9d x *eap] to make _! exp]im5ts 9 _! dreams1 s art 9 g5]al is a rehe>sal ( rational liv+1 & reca/s 9 idea a _w :i* we h no pres5t means ( reca/+ 9 reality4 ,yet ?is rehe>sal reveals ! glories ( a possible p]=mance bett] ?an d ! mis]able exp]im5ts until n[ execut$ on ! reality4 ,:5 we consid] ! pres5t di/ract$ /ate ( gov]nm5t & religion1 !re is mu* relief 9 turn+ f !m to almo/ any art1 :]e :at is good is altoge!r & f9ally good1 & :at is bad is at lea/ n trea*]\s4 ,:5 we consid] fur!r ! s5seless rivalries1 ! vanities1 ! ignom9y t reign 9 ! 8practical0 _w1 h[ d\bly bless$ x becomes to f9d a sph]e :]e limitation is an excell5ce1 :]e div]sity is a beauty1 & :]e e man's ambition is consi/5t ) e o!r man's & ev5 fav\rable to x6 ,x is inde$ s 9 art2 = we mu/ n import into its blameless lab\rs ! bick]+s & jeal\sies ( criticism4 ,critics qu>rel ) o!r critics1 & t is a "p ( philosophy4 ,) an arti/ no sane man qu>rels1 any m ?an ) ! col\r ( a *ild's eyes4 ,z nature1 be+ full ( se$s1 rises into all sorts ( cry/allisations1 ea* hav+ its own ideal & pot5tial life1 ea* a nucleus ( ord] & a habitation = ! absolute self1 s art1 ?\gh 9 a m$ium poor] ?an pregnant matt]1 & incapable ( intr9sic life1 g5]ates a semblance ( all conceivable be+s4 ,:at nature does ) exi/5ce1 art does ) appe>ance2 & :ile ! a*ievem5t leaves u1 unhappily1 mu* :]e we 7 be=e 9 all our efficaci\s relations1 x entirely r5ews our vision & bre$s a fre% _w 9 fancy1 :]e all =m has ! same inn] ju/ification t all life has 9 ! real _w4 ,z no insect is )\t its rights & e cripple has 8 dream ( happ9ess1 s no arti/ic fact1 no *ild ( imag9ation1 is )\t its small bir?right ( beauty4 ,9 ?is fre] elem5t1 competition does n exi/ & ev]y?+ is ,olympian4 ,hungry g5]ations d n tread d[n ! ideal b only its spokesm5 or embodim5ts1 t h ca/ 9 _! lot ) o!r mat]ial ?+s4 ,art supplies con/antly to contemplation :at nature seldom af=ds 9 concrete exp]i5ce--! union ( life & peace4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ideal1 :5 inc>nate1 becomes subject to civil society4 ,sid5ote3 ,plato's /rictures3 he exagg]ates ! effect ( my?s4 ,! ideal1 h[ev]1 w\ld n come d[n f ! empyrean & be conceiv$ unless somebody's ?\ght 7 absorb$ 9 ! conception4 ,art actually segregates classes ( m5 & masses ( matt] to s]ve its special int]e/s4 ,?is involves exp5se2 x imp$es "s possible activities & imposes o!rs4 ,on ?is gr\nd1 f ! e>lie/ times until our own1 art has be5 occasionally attack$ by morali/s1 :o h felt t x fo/]$ idolatry or luxury or irresponsible dreams4 ,( ^! attacks ! mo/ int]e/+ is ,plato's1 because he 0 an arti/ by temp]am5t1 br$ 9 ! v focus ( arti/ic life & discussion1 & at ! same "t a consummate moral philosoph]4 ,8 !tic s5sibility 0 inde$ s great t x l$ him1 p]haps1 into a relative error1 9 t he ov]e/imat$ ! influ5ce :i* art c h on "* & affairs4 ,hom]'s /ories ab\t ! gods c h>dly h demoralis$ ! y\?s :o recit$ !m4 ,no religion has ev] giv5 a picture ( deity :i* m5 c\ld h imitat$ )\t ! grosse/ immorality4 ,yet ^! %ock+ repres5tations h n _h a bad effect on believ]s4 ,! deity 0 oppos$ to _! own vices2 ^? x might itself be cr$it$ ) (f]$ no contagi\s example4 ,9 spite ( ! !ologians1 we "k by in/9ct t 9 speak+ ( ! gods we are deal+ 9 my?s & symbols4 ,"s aspect ( nature or "s law ( life1 express$ 9 an attribute ( deity1 is :at we really reg>d1 & to reg>d su* ?+s1 h[ev] s9i/] !y may be1 _c b *a/5 & moralise u4 ,! p]sonal "* t su* a function w\ld involve1 if x 7 ex]cis$ will+ly by a responsible be+1 is some?+ t nev] ent]s our ?\ghts4 ,no su* pa9ful image comes to p]plex ! pla9 s5se ( in/9ctive1 poetic religion4 ,to give moral importance to my?s1 z ,plato t5d$ to d1 is to take !m f> too s]i\sly & to belittle :at !y /& =4 ,left to !mselves !y float 9 an ineffectual /ratum ( ! bra94 ,!y are und]/ood & gr[ curr5t precisely by n be+ press$1 l an idiom or a metaphor4 ,! same /hetic /]ility appe>s at ! o!r end ( ! scale1 :]e fancy is any?+ b sacr$4 ,a ,fr5*man once saw 9 8,pun* & ,judy0 a %ock+ pro( ( ,briti% brutality1 de/9$ fur!r to demoralise ! nation2 & yet ! sc&al may pass4 ,t black trag$y reflects n v pretty mann]s1 b puppets ex]cise no suasion ov] m54 ,sid5ote3 ,8 deep] moral objections4 ,to 8 sup]s5sitive c5sure ( my?s ,plato add$ /rictures ^u music & ! drama3 to excite passions idly 0 to en]vate ! s\l4 ,only m>tial or religi\s /ra9s %\ld be he>d 9 ! ideal republic4 ,fur!rmore1 art put be=e u a m]e phantom ( ! good4 ,true excell5ce 0 ! function ?+s _h 9 use2 ! horseman knew ! bridle's value & ess5ce bett] ?an ! artisan did :o put x toge!r2 b a pa9t$ bridle w\ld lack ev5 ?is relation to utility4 ,x w\ld re9 9 no horse1 & 0 an imp]t95t s5su\s r$uplication ( :at1 ev5 :5 x _h mat]ial be+1 0 only an in/rum5t & a means4 ,?is reason+ has be5 little und]/ood1 because ,platoni/s s soon lo/ sight ( _! ma/]'s ,socratic habit & moral int5t4 ,!y turn$ ! good into an exi/5ce1 mak+ x !reby unmean+4 ,plato's dialectic1 if we d n ?us aboli% ! =ce ( its t]ms1 is p]fectly cog5t3 repres5tative art has inde$ no utility1 &1 if ! good has be5 id5tifi$ ) effici5cy 9 a milit>y /ate1 x c h no ju/ification4 ,plato's ,republic 0 av[$ly a fall5 /ate1 a *ur* militant1 com+ sadly %ort ( p]fection2 & ! joy :i* ,plato z mu* z any "o c\ld feel 9 s5su\s art he po/pon$1 z a man 9 m\rn+ might1 until life %\ld be r$eem$ f bas5ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! rightness4 ,nev] h art & beauty receiv$ a m gl[+ eulogy ?an is impli$ 9 ,plato's c5sure4 ,to him no?+ 0 beautiful t 0 n beautiful to ! core1 & he w\ld h ?\ght to insult art--! remodell+ ( nature by reason--if he _h giv5 x a n>r[] field ?an all practice4 ,z an ar*itect :o _h fondly design$ some?+ impossible1 or :i* might n please 9 execution1 w\ld at once erase x f ! plan & ab&on x = ! love ( p]fect beauty & p]fect art1 s ,plato wi%$ to erase f pleas+ appe>ance all t1 :5 its op]ation 0 complet$1 w\ld br+ discord into ! _w4 ,?is 0 done 9 ! ultimate int]e/ ( art & beauty1 :i* 9 a cultivat$ m9d are insep>able f ! vitally good4 ,x is m]e b>b>ism to feel t a ?+ is /hetically good b morally evil1 or morally good b hateful to p]ception4 ,?+s p>tially evil or p>tially ugly may h to be *os5 "u /ress ( unfav\rable circum/ances1 le/ "s worse ?+ come2 b if a ?+ 7 ugly x w\ld !reby n be :olly good1 & if x 7 altoge!r good x w\ld p]=ce be beautiful4 ,to criticise art on moral gr\nds is to pay x a high complim5t by assum+ t x aims to be adequate1 & is address$ to a compreh5sive m9d4 ,! only way 9 :i* art c\ld disall[ su* criticism w\ld be to prote/ its irresponsible infancy1 & admit t x 0 a m or less amiable blatancy 9 individuals1 & n art at all4 ,"y animals (t5 gambol 9 a delightful fa%ion1 & m5 also may1 ?\gh h>dly :5 !y int5d to d s4 ,sportive self-expression c be priz$ because human nature conta9s a c]ta9 ela/icity & m>g9 = exp]im5t1 9 :i* wa/e activity is inevitable & may be preci\s3 = ?is lic5se may lead1 amid a ?\s& failures1 to "s real discov]y & advance4 ,art1 l life1 %\ld be free1 s9ce bo? are exp]im5tal4 ,b x is "o ?+ to make room = g5ius & to respect ! sudd5 madness ( poets ?r\gh :i*1 possibly1 "s god may speak1 & x is q ano!r n to judge ! result by rational /&>ds4 ,! e>?'s b[els are full ( all sorts ( rumbl+s2 :i* ( ! oracles drawn !nce is true c be judg$ only by ! light ( day4 ,if an arti/'s inspiration has be5 happy1 x has be5 s because 8 "w c sweet5 or ennoble ! m9d & because its total effect w be b5efic5t4 ,art be+ a "p ( life1 ! criticism ( art is a "p ( morals4 ,sid5ote3 ,importance ( /hetic alt]natives4 ,maladju/m5ts 9 human society are /ill s sc&al\s1 !y t\* matt]s s mu* m press+ ?an f9e art1 t maladju/m5ts 9 ! latt] are pass$ ov] ) a smile1 z if art 7 at any rate an irresponsible miracul\s p>asite t ! legislator _h bett] n m$dle )4 ,! day may come1 h[ev]1 if ! /ate is ev] r$uc$ to a tol]able ord]1 :5 que/ions ( art w be ! mo/ urg5t que/ions ( morals1 :5 g5ius at la/ w feel responsible1 & ! twi/ giv5 to imag9ation w seem ! mo/ crucial ?+ 9 life4 ,"u a ?9 disguise1 ! mom5t\s "* ( imag9ative *oices has already be5 fully recognis$ by mank9d4 ,m5 h passionately lov$ _! special religions1 languages1 & mann]s1 & pref]r$ dea? to a life fl[]+ 9 any o!r fa%ion4 ,9 ju/ify+ ?is atta*m5t =5sically1 ) argum5ts on ! l[ level ( m5's nam$ & consecrat$ int]e/s1 p h inde$ said1 & p]haps come to believe1 t _! imag9ative int]e/s 7 mat]ial int]e/s at bottom1 ?9k+ ?us to give !m m weight & legitimacy2 :]eas 9 tru? mat]ial life itself w\ld be no?+ wor?1 7 x n1 9 its ess5ce & its issue1 ideal4 ,x 0 /upidly ass]t$1 h[ev]1 t if a man omitt$ ! prescrib$ c]emonies or _h unau?oris$ dreams ab\t ! gods1 he w\ld lose 8 battles 9 ?is _w & g to hell 9 ! o!r4 ,he :o runs c see t ^! expectations are n f\nd$ on any evid5ce1 on any obs]vation ( :at actually occurs2 !y are obvi\sly a mirage aris+ f a direct ideal passion1 t tries to ju/ify itself by indirection & by falsehoods1 z x has no ne$ to d4 ,we all read facts 9 ! way mo/ congru\s ) our intellectual habit1 & :5 ?is habit drives u to effulg5t creations1 absorb+ & express+ ! :ole curr5t ( our be+1 x n m]ely biasses our read+ ( ?is _w b c>ries u into ano!r _w altoge!r1 :i* we posit in/ead ( ! real "o1 or beside x4 ,grotesque z ! blund] may seem by :i* we ?us introduce our poetic tropes into ! sequ5ce ( ext]nal ev5ts or exi/5ces1 ! blund] is intellectual only2 morally1 zeal = our special rhetoric may n be irrational4 ,! lovely ,phoebus is no fact = a/ronomy1 nor does he /& beh9d ! mat]ial sun1 9 "s high] heav51 physically sup]9t5d+ its movem5ts2 b ,phoebus is a fact 9 8 own region1 a tok5 ( man's joyful piety 9 ! pres5ce ( ! =ces t really condition 8 welf>e4 ,9 ! region ( symbols1 9 ! _w ( poetry1 ,phoebus has 8 inali5able rights4 ,=ms ( poetry are =ms ( human life4 ,languages express national "* & en%r9e p>ticul> ways ( see+ & valu+ ev5ts4 ,to make sub/itutions & ext5sions 9 expression is to give ! s\l1 9 h] inmo/ sub/ance1 a some:at new con/itution4 ,a me?od ( app]ception is a spontane\s v>iation 9 m9d1 p]haps ! orig9 ( a new moral species4 ,! value app]ceptive me?ods h is ( c\rse l>gely repres5tative1 9 t !y s]ve m or less aptly to dom9ate ! ord] ( ev5ts & to guide action2 b q ap>t f ?is practical value1 expressions possess a "* ( _! own1 a sort ( vegetative life1 z languages possess euphony4 ,two reports ( ! same fact may be equally tru/wor?y1 equally useful z in=mation1 yet !y may embody two types ( m5tal rhetoric1 & ?is div]sity 9 g5ius may be ( m intr9sic importance ?an ! raw fact x works ^u4 ,! non-repres5tative side ( human p]ception may ?us be ! mo/ mom5t\s side ( x1 because x repres5ts1 or ev5 con/itutes1 ! man4 ,aft] all1 ! *ief int]e/ we h 9 ?+s lies 9 :at we c make ( !m or :at !y c make ( u4 ,!re is consequ5tly no?+ fitt$ to col\r human happ9ess m p]vasively ?an art does1 nor to express m deeply ! m9d's int]nal habit4 ,9 educat+ ! imag9ation art cr[ns all moral endeav\r1 :i* f ! beg9n+ is a species ( art1 & :i* becomes a f9e art m completely z x works 9 a fre] m$ium4 ,sid5ote3 ,! importance ( /hetic goods v>ies ) temp]am5ts4 ,h[ great a portion ( human en]gies %\ld be sp5t on art & its appreciation is a "q to be answ]$ v>i\sly by v>i\s p]sons & nations4 ,!re is no ideal priori2 an ideal c b express1 if x is g5u9e1 ! balance ( impulses & pot5tialities 9 a giv5 s\l4 ,a m9d at once s5su\s & mobile w f9d its appropriate p]fection 9 /udy+ & recon/ruct+ objects ( s5se4 ,its rationality w appe> *iefly on ! plane ( p]ception1 to r5d] ! circle ( visions :i* makes up its life z delightful z possible4 ,= su* a man art w be ! mo/ satisfy+1 ! mo/ significant activity1 & to load him ) mat]ial ri*es or speculative tru?s or pr(\nd social loyalties w be to imp$e & depress him4 ,! irrational is :at does n ju/ify itself 9 ! end2 & ! born arti/1 repell$ by ! sob]] & bitt]] passions ( ! _w1 may ju/ly call !m irrational4 ,!y w\ld n ju/ify !mselves 9 8 exp]i5ce2 !y make griev\s dem&s & yield no?+ 9 ! end :i* is intelligible to him4 ,8 picture ( !m1 if he be a dramati/1 w h>dly fail to be satirical2 fate1 frailty1 illusion w be 8 con/ant !mes4 ,if 8 temp]am5t c\ld f9d political expression1 he w\ld m9imise ! ma*9]y ( life & deprecate any calculat$ prud5ce4 ,he w\ld tru/ ! he>t1 enjoy nature1 & n fr[n too angrily on incl9ation4 ,su* a ,bohemia he w\ld reg>d z an ideal _w 9 :i* humanity might fl\ri% cong5ially4 ,sid5ote3 ,! /hetic temp]am5t requires tutelage4 ,a puritan morali/1 be=e condemn+ su* an infantile p>adise1 %\ld rememb] t a commonweal? ( butt]flies actually exi/s4 ,x is n any inh]5t wrongness 9 su* an ideal t makes x unacceptable1 b only ! fact t human butt]flies are n :olly m]curial & t ev5 imp]fect g5iuses are b an extreme type 9 a society ^: guid+ ideal is bas$ ^u a broad] humanity ?an ! arti/ repres5ts4 ,m5 ( sci5ce or bus9ess w accuse ! poet ( folly1 on ! v gr\nds on :i* he accuses !m ( ! same4 ,ea* w seem to ! o!r to be obey+ a b>r5 obsession4 ,! /atesman or philosoph] :o %\ld aspire to adju/ _! qu>rel c\ld d s only by =ce ( intellig5t sympa?y ) bo? sides1 & 9 view ( ! common conditions 9 :i* !y f9d !mselves4 ,:at ought to be done is t :i*1 :5 done1 w mo/ ne>ly ju/ify itself to all conc]n$4 ,practical problems ( morals are judicial & political problems4 ,ju/ice c nev] be pron\nc$ )\t he>+ ! p>ties & weigh+ ! int]e/s at /ake4 ,sid5ote3 /hetic values ev]y:]e int]fus$4 ,a circum/ance t complicates su* a calculation is ?is3 e/hetic & o!r int]e/s are n sep>able units1 to be comp>$ ext]nally2 !y are r /r&s int]wov5 9 ! texture ( ev]y?+4 /hetic s5sibility col\rs e ?\ght1 qualifies e allegiance1 & modifies e product ( human lab\r4 ,consequ5tly ! love ( beauty has to ju/ify itself n m]ely intr9sically1 or z a con/itu5t "p ( life m or less to be insi/$ ^u2 x has to ju/ify itself also z an influ5ce4 ,a ho/ile influ5ce is ! mo/ odi\s ( ?+s4 ,! enemy himself1 ! ali5 creature1 lies 9 8 own camp1 & 9 a speculative mom5t we may put ourselves 9 8 place & le>n to ?9k ( him *>itably2 b 8 _s 9 our own s\ls is l a private tempt]1 a treasonable voice weak5+ our allegiance to our own duty4 ,a zealot might all[ 8 neighb\rs to be damn$ 9 peace1 did n a c]ta9 h]etical od\r emitt$ by !m infect ! sanctu>y & di/urb 8 own dogmatic calm4 ,9 ! same way practical p might leave ! arti/ alone 9 8 oasis1 & ev5 grant him a pittance on :i* to live1 z !y fe$ ! animals 9 a zoological g>d51 did he n intrude into _! inmo/ conclave & vitiate ! ab/ract cog5cy ( _! designs4 ,x is n s mu* art 9 its own field t m5 ( sci5ce look askance ^u1 z ! love ( glitt] & rhetoric & false f9ality trespass+ ^u sci5tific gr\nd2 :ile m5 ( affairs may well deprecate a root$ habit ( s5su\s absorption & ( sudd5 transit to imag9>y worlds1 a habit :i* mu/ "w havoc 9 _! own sph]e4 ,9 o!r words1 !re is an elem5t ( poetry inh]5t 9 ?\ght1 9 conduct1 9 affection2 & we mu/ ask ourselves h[ f> ?is +r$i5t is an ob/acle to _! prop] developm5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y are primordial4 ,! fabl$ dove :o compla9$1 9 fly+1 ( ! resi/ance ( ! air1 0 z wise z ! philosoph] :o %\ld lam5t ! pres5ce & influ5ce ( s5se4 ,s5se is ! native elem5t & sub/ance ( exp]i5ce2 all its ref9em5ts are /ill p>ts ( x exi/5tially2 & :atev] excell5ce belongs specifically to s5se is a prelim9>y excell5ce1 a value antec$5t to any :i* ?\ght or action c a*ieve4 ,sci5ce & morals h b repres5tative au?ority2 !y are pr9ciples ( ideal syn!sis & safe transition2 !y are bridges f mom5t to mom5t ( s5ti5ce4 ,_! function is inde$ univ]sal & _! value ov]:elm+1 yet _! (fice rema9s d]ivative or second>y1 & :at !y s]ve to put 9 ord] has previ\sly its intr9sic wor?4 ,an /hetic bias is native to s5se1 be+ inde$ no?+ b its =m & pot5cy2 & ! influ5ce :i* /hetic habits ex]cise on ?\ght & action %\ld n be reg>d$ z an intrusion to be res5t$1 b r z an orig9al int]e/ to be built ^u & develop$4 ,s5sibility conta9s ! di/9ctions :i* reason aft]w>d c>ries out & applies2 x is s5sibility t involves & supports primitive div]sities1 su* z ^? betwe5 good & bad1 "h & !re1 fa/ & sl[1 light & d>kness4 ,!re are complications & h>monies inh]5t 9 ^! oppositions1 h>monies :i* /hetic faculty proce$s to note2 & f ^! we may !n con/ruct o!rs1 n imm$iately pres5table1 :i* we di/+ui% by attribut+ !m to reason4 ,reason may well outflank & trans=m /hetic judgm5ts1 b c nev] und]m9e !m4 ,its own mat]ials are ! p]ceptions :i* if full & p]fect are call$ beauties4 ,its function is to end[ ! p>ts ( s5ti5ce ) a consci\sness ( ! sy/em 9 :i* !y lie1 s t !y may atta9 a mutual relevance & ideally support "o ano!r4 ,b :at c\ld relevance or support be wor? if ! ?+s to be buttress$ 7 !mselves wor?less8 ,x is n to organise pa91 ugl9ess1 & bor$om t reason c be call$ into ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,to sup]pose !m adv5titi\sly is to de/roy !m4 ,:5 a practical or sci5tific man boa/s t he has laid aside /hetic prejudices & is foll[+ tru? & utility ) a s+le eye1 he c mean1 if he is judici\s1 only t he has n yield$ to /hetic pref]5ce aft] 8 problem 0 fix$1 nor 9 an arbitr>y & vexati\s fa%ion4 ,he has n consult$ ta/e :5 x w\ld h be5 9 bad ta/e to d s4 ,if he meant t he _h r5d]$ himself altoge!r ins5sible to /hetic values1 & t he _h proce$$ to organise conduct or ?\ght 9 complete indiff]5ce to ! beautiful1 he w\ld be simply proclaim+ 8 inhumanity & incompet5ce4 ,a "r obs]vance ( /hetic dem&s does n ob/ruct utility nor logic2 = utility & logic are !mselves beautiful1 :ile a s5su\s beauty t ran c\nt] to reason c\ld nev] be1 9 ! end1 pleas+ to an exquisite s5se4 /hetic vice is n fav\rable to /hetic faculty3 x is an imp$im5t to ! greate/ /hetic satisfactions4 ,& s :5 by yield+ to a bl9d passion = beauty we d]ange !ory & practice1 we cut ourselves (f f ^? beauties :i* alone c\ld h satisfi$ our passion4 ,:at we drag 9 s ob/9ately w br+ b a *eap & un/able pleasure1 :ile a d\ble beauty w !reby be lo/ or obscur$--fir/1 ! unlook$-= beauty :i* a g5u9e & /able sy/em ( ?+s c\ld n b betray1 & secondly ! covet$ beauty itself1 :i*1 be+ import$ "h into ! wrong context1 w be r5d]$ m]etrici\s & (f5sive to good ta/e4 ,if a jewel worn on ! wrong f+] s5ds a %iv] ?r\gh ! fle%1 h[ disgu/+ mu/ n rhetoric be 9 diplomacy or unction 9 metaphysics6 ,sid5ote3 ,!y fl[ naturally f p]fect function4 ,! poetic elem5t inh]5t 9 ?\ght1 affection1 & conduct is prior to _! prosaic developm5t & altoge!r legitimate4 ,cle>1 well-dige/$ p]ception & rational *oices foll[ ^u ^? prim>y creative impulses1 & c>ry out _! purpose sy/ematically4 ,at e /age 9 ?is developm5t new & appropriate mat]ials are (f]$ = /hetic contemplation4 ,/raightness1 = in/ance1 symmetry1 & rhy?m are at fir/ s5su\sly def9$2 !y are *>act]s arre/$ by /hetic in/9ct2 b !y are ! mat]ials ( ma!matics4 ,& long aft] ^! initial =ms h dis[n$ _! s5su\s values1 & suff]$ a :olly dialectical expansion or analysis1 ma!matical objects aga9 fall "u ! /hetic eye1 & surprise ! s5ses by _! emotional p[]4 ,a me*anical sy/em1 su* z a/ronomy 9 "o region has already unveil$1 is an inexhau/ible field = /hetic wond]4 ,simil>ly1 9 ano!r sph]e1 s5su\s aff9ity leads to fri5d%ip & love1 & makes u huddle up to our fell[s & feel _! he>t-beats2 b :5 human society has !reupon e/abli%$ a legal & moral edifice1 ?is new spectacle yields new imag9ative transports1 tragic1 lyric1 & religi\s4 /hetic values ev]y:]e prec$e & accompany rational activity1 & life is1 9 "o aspect1 always a f9e art2 n by introduc+ inaptly /hetic vetoes or /hetic fl\ri%es1 b by giv+ to ev]y?+ a =m :i*1 imply+ a /ructure1 implies also an ideal & a possible p]fection4 ,?is p]fection1 be+ felt1 is also a beauty1 s9ce any process1 ?\gh x may h become intellectual or practical1 rema9s = all t a vital & s5ti5t op]ation1 ) its inh]5t s5su\s values4 ,:atev] is to be repres5tative 9 import mu/ fir/ be imm$iate 9 exi/5ce2 :atev] is transitive 9 op]ation mu/ be at ! same "t actual 9 be+4 ,s t an /hetic sanction sweet5s all successful liv+2 animal effici5cy _c be )\t grace1 nor moral a*ievem5t )\t a s5sible glory4 ,sid5ote3 ,ev5 inhibit$ functions1 :5 !y fall into a new rhy?m1 yield new beauties4 ,^! vital h>monies are natural2 !y are nei!r p]fect nor preorda9$4 ,we (t5 come ^u beauties t ne$ to be sacrific$1 z we come ^u ev5ts & practical necessities )\t numb] t are truly regrettable4 ,!re are a myriad conflicts 9 practice & 9 ?\ght1 conflicts betwe5 rival possibilities1 knock+ inopportunely & 9 va9 at ! door ( exi/5ce4 ,ow+ to ! initial disorganisation ( ?+s1 "s dem&s cont9ually prove to be incompatible ) o!rs aris+ no less naturally4 ,reason 9 su* cases imposes real & irrep>able sacrifices1 b x br+s a /able consolation if its discipl9e is accept$4 ,decay1 = in/ance1 is a moral & /hetic evil2 b be+ a natural necessity x c become ! basis = pa!tic & magnific5t h>monies1 :5 once imag9ation is adju/$ to x4 ,! hatr$ ( *ange & dea? is in]adicable :ile life la/s1 s9ce x expresses t self-su/a9+ organisation 9 a creature :i* we call its s\l2 yet ?is hatr$ ( *ange & dea? is n s deeply seat$ 9 ! nature ( ?+s z are dea? & *ange !mselves1 = ! flux is deep] ?an ! ideal4 ,discipl9e may attune our high] & m adaptable "p to ! h>% conditions ( be+1 & ! result+ s5tim5t1 be+ ! only "o :i* c be ma9ta9$ successfully1 w express ! greate/ satisfactions :i* c be rea*$1 ?\gh n ! greate/ t might be conceiv$ or desir$4 ,to be int]e/$ 9 ! *ang+ seasons is1 9 ?is middl+ zone1 a happi] /ate ( m9d ?an to be hopelessly 9 love ) spr+4 ,wisdom discov]s ^! possible accommodations1 z circum/ances impose !m2 & education ought to prep>e m5 to accept !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,he :o loves beauty mu/ *a/5 x4 ,x is = want ( education & discipl9e t a man s (t5 insi/s petulantly on 8 r&om ta/es1 in/ead ( cultivat+ ^? :i* might f9d "s satisfaction 9 ! _w & might produce 9 him "s p]t95t culture4 ,untutor$ self-ass]tion may ev5 lead him to d5y "s fact t %\ld h be5 pat5t1 & plunge him into ne$less calamity4 ,8 ,utopias *eat him 9 ! end1 if inde$ ! b>b>\s ta/e he has indulg$ 9 cl++ to !m does n itself lapse be=e ! dream is half =m$4 ,s m5 h fev]i%ly conceiv$ a heav5 only to f9d x insipid1 & a hell to f9d x ridicul\s4 ,!odicies t 7 to demon/rate an absolute cosmic h>mony h turn$ ! univ]se into a tyrann\s nightm>e1 f :i* we are glad to awake aga9 9 ?is un9t5tional & some:at tractable _w4 ,?us ! fancies ( effem9ate poets 9 violat+ sci5ce are false to ! highe/ art1 & ! products ( %e] confusion1 in/igat$ by ! love ( beauty1 turn out to be hide\s4 ,a rational sev]ity 9 respect to art simply we$s ! g>d52 x expresses a mature /hetic *oice & op5s ! way to supreme arti/ic a*ievem5ts4 ,to keep beauty 9 its place is to make all ?+s beautiful4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,crit]ion ,,( ,,ta/e ,sid5ote3 ,dogmatism is inevitable b may be enlight5$4 ,dogmatism 9 matt]s ( ta/e has ! same /atus z dogmatism 9 o!r sph]es4 ,x is initially ju/ifi$ by s9c]ity1 be+ a sy/ematic expression ( a man's pref]5ces2 b x becomes absurd :5 its basis 9 a p>ticul> disposition is ignor$ & x pret5ds to h an absolute or metaphysical scope4 ,reason1 ) ! ord] :i* 9 e region x imposes on life1 is gr\nd$ on an animal nature & has no o!r function ?an to s]ve ! same2 & x fails to ex]cise its (fice q z mu* :5 x ov]/eps its b\nds & =gets :om x is s]v+ z :5 x neglects "s "p ( its legitimate prov9ce & s]ves its ma/] imp]fectly1 )\t consid]+ all 8 int]e/s4 ,dialectic1 logic1 & morals lose _! au?ority & become inept if !y trespass ^u ! realm ( physics & try to disclose exi/5ces2 :ile physics is a m]e idea 9 ! realm ( poetic m$itation4 ,s ! notori\s div]sities :i* human ta/e exhibits d n become conflicts1 & raise no moral problem1 until _! basis or _! function has be5 =gott51 & ea* has claim$ a "r to ass]t itself exclusively4 ,?is claim is altoge!r absurd1 & we might fail to und]/& h[ s prepo/]\s an attitude c\ld be assum$ by anybody did we n rememb] t e "y animal ?9ks himself absolute1 & t dogmatism 9 ! ?9k] is only ! speculative side ( gre$ & c\rage 9 ! brute4 ,! brute _c surr5d] 8 appetites nor abdicate 8 prim>y "r to dom9ate 8 environm5t4 ,:at exp]i5ce & reason may tea* him is m]ely h[ to make 8 self-ass]tion well balanc$ & successful4 ,9 ! same way ta/e is b\nd to ma9ta9 its pref]5ces b free to rationalise !m4 ,aft] a man has comp>$ 8 feel+s ) ! no less legitimate feel+s ( o!r creatures1 he c reass]t 8 own ) m complete au?ority1 s9ce n[ he is aw>e ( _! necess>y gr\nd 9 8 nature1 & ( _! aff9ities ) :atev] o!r int]e/s 8 nature enables him to recognise 9 o!rs & to co-ord9ate ) 8 own4 ,sid5ote3 ,ta/e ga9s 9 au?ority z x is m & m widely bas$4 ,a crit]ion ( ta/e is1 !re=e1 no?+ b ta/e itself 9 its m delib]ate & circumspect =m4 ,reflection ref9es p>ticul> s5tim5ts by br++ !m into sympa?y ) all rational life4 ,!re is consequ5tly ! greate/ possible diff]5ce 9 au?ority betwe5 ta/e & ta/e1 & :ile delight 9 drums & eagle's fea!rs is p]fectly g5u9e & has no cause to blu% = itself1 x _c be comp>$ 9 scope or repres5tative value ) delight 9 a symphony or an epic4 ,! v in/9ct t is satisfi$ by beauty pref]s "o beauty to ano!r2 & we h only to "q & purge our /hetic feel+s 9 ord] to obta9 our crit]ion ( ta/e4 ,?is crit]ion w be natural1 p]sonal1 autonom\s2 a circum/ance t w give x au?ority ov] our own judgm5t--:i* is all moral sci5ce is conc]n$ ab\t--& w ext5d its au?ority ov] o!r m9ds also1 9 s f> z _! con/itution is simil> to ours4 ,9 t measure :at is a g5u9e in/ance ( reason 9 u1 o!rs w recognise = a g5u9e expression ( reason 9 !mselves also4 ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5t /hetic end[m5ts may be comp>$ 9 quantity or =ce4 /hetic feel+1 9 diff]5t p1 may make up a diff]5t fraction ( life & v>y greatly 9 volume4 ,! m ne>ly ins5sible a man is ! m incompet5t he becomes to proclaim ! values :i* s5sibility might h4 ,to beauty m5 are habitually ins5sible1 ev5 :ile !y are awake & rationally active4 ,tomes ( /hetic criticism hang on a few mom5ts ( real delight & intuition4 ,x is 9 r>e & scatt]$ in/ants t beauty smiles ev5 on h] ador]s1 :o are r$uc$ = habitual com=t to rememb]+ h] pa/ fav\rs4 ,an /hetic gl[ may p]vade exp]i5ce1 b t circum/ance is seldom rem>k$2 x figures only z an influ5ce work+ subt]rane\sly on ?\ghts & judgm5ts :i* 9 !mselves take a cognitive or practical direction4 ,only :5 ! /hetic +r$i5t becomes pr$om9ant d we exclaim1 ,h[ beautiful6 ,ord9>ily ! pleasures :i* =mal p]ception gives rema9 an undi/+ui%$ "p ( our com=t or curiosity4 ,sid5ote3 ,au?ority ( vital ov] v]bal judgm5ts ,ta/e is =m$ 9 ^? mom5ts :5 /hetic emotion is massive & di/9ct2 pref]5ces !n gr[n consci\s1 judgm5ts !n put into words1 w rev]b]ate ?r\gh calm] h\rs2 !y w con/itute prejudices1 habits ( app]ception1 secret /&>ds = all o!r beauties4 ,a p]iod ( life 9 :i* su* intuitions h be5 frequ5t may amass ta/es & ideals suffici5t = ! re/ ( our days4 ,y\? 9 ^! matt]s gov]ns maturity1 & :ile m5 may develop _! e>ly impressions m sy/ematically & f9d confirmations ( !m 9 v>i\s qu>t]s1 !y w seldom look at ! _w afre% or use new categories 9 deciph]+ x4 ,half our /&>ds come f our fir/ ma/]s1 & ! o!r half f our fir/ loves4 ,nev] be+ s deeply /irr$ aga91 we rema9 p]suad$ t no objects save ^? we !n discov]$ c h a true sublimity4 ,^! high-wat] m>ks ( /hetic life may easily be rea*$ "u tutelage4 ,x may be "s eloqu5t appreciations read 9 a book1 or "s pref]5ce express$ by a gift$ fri5d1 t may h reveal$ unsuspect$ beauties 9 art or nature2 & !n1 s9ce our own p]ception 0 vic>i\s & obvi\sly inf]ior 9 volume to t :i* our m5tor possess$1 we %all take 8 judgm5ts = our crit]ion1 s9ce !y 7 ! s\rce & exempl> ( all our own4 ,?us ! volume & int5sity ( "s appreciations1 especially :5 no?+ ( ! k9d has prec$$1 makes !m au?oritative ov] our subsequ5t judgm5ts4 ,on ^? w>m mom5ts hang all our cold sy/ematic op9ions2 & :ile ! latt] fill our days & %ape our c>e]s x is only ! =m] t are crucial & alive4 ,a race :i* loves beauty holds ! same place 9 hi/ory t a season ( love or en?usiasm holds 9 an individual life4 ,su* a race has a pre-em95t "r to pron\nce ^u beauty & to bequea? its judgm5ts to dull] peoples4 ,we may accord+ly li/5 ) rev]5ce to a ,greek judgm5t on t subject1 expect+ t :at might seem to u wrong ab\t x is ! expression ( k & passion beyond our range2 x w suffice t we le>n to live 9 ! _w ( beauty1 in/ead ( m]ely /udy+ its relics1 = u to und]/&1 = in/ance1 t imitation is a fundam5tal pr9ciple 9 art1 & t any rational judgm5t on ! beautiful mu/ be a moral & political judgm5t1 envelop+ *ance /hetic feel+s & det]m9+ _! value4 ,:at mo/ ,g]man philosoph]s1 on ! contr>y1 h writt5 ab\t art & beauty has a m9imal importance3 x treats artificial problems 9 a grammatical _s1 seldom giv+ any pro( ( exp]i5ce or imag9ation4 ,:at pa9t]s say ab\t pa9t+ & poets ab\t poetry is bett] ?an lay op9ion2 x may reveal1 ( c\rse1 "s petty jeal\sy or "s p>tial incapacity1 because a special gift (t5 c>ries ) x complem5t>y defects 9 appreh5sion2 yet :at is positive 9 su* judgm5ts is f\nd$ on k & avoids ! romanc+ into :i* litt]ateurs & s5tim5tali/s w gladly w&]4 ,! specific values ( art are te*nical values1 m p]man5t & def9ite ?an ! adv5titi\s analogies on :i* a /ray obs]v] usually bases 8 views4 ,only a te*nical education c raise judgm5ts on musical compositions above imp]t95t auto-biography4 ,! ,japanese "k ! beauty ( fl[]s1 & tailors & dressmak]s h ! be/ s5se = ! fa%ions4 ,we ask !m = sugge/ions1 & if we d n always take _! advice1 x is n because ! f9e effects !y love are n g5u9e1 b because !y may n be effects :i* we c>e to produce4 ,sid5ote3 ,ta/es diff] also 9 purity or consi/5cy4 ,?is t\*es a second consid]ation1 besides ! volume & vivacity ( feel+1 :i* ent]s into good ta/e4 ,:at is volum9\s may be inw>dly confus$ or outw>dly confus+4 ,excitem5t1 ?\gh on ! :ole & = ! mom5t agreeable1 may v]ge on pa9 & may be1 :5 x subsides a little1 a cause ( bitt]ness4 ,a ?+'s attractions may be p>tly at w> ) its ideal function4 ,9 su* a case :at1 9 our ha/e1 we call a beauty becomes hateful on a second view1 & accord+ to ! key ( our dissatisfaction we pron\nce t effect m]etrici\s1 h>%1 or affect$4 ,^! discords appe> :5 elaborate ?+s are attempt$ )\t en\gh art & ref9em5t2 !y are ess5tially 9 bad ta/e4 ,rudim5t>y effects1 on ! contr>y1 are pure1 & ?\gh we may ?9k !m trivial :5 we are expect+ some?+ ri*]1 _! defect is nev] intr9sic2 !y d n plunge u1 z impure excitem5ts d1 into a corrupt artificial conflict4 ,s wild-fl[]s1 pla9 *ant1 or a sc>let uni=m are beautiful en\gh2 _! simplicity is a positive m]it1 :ile _! crudity is only relative4 ,!re is a t\* ( sophi/ication & disease 9 n be+ able to fall back on su* ?+s & enjoy !m ?or\ghly1 z if a man c\ld no long] reli% a glass ( wat]4 ,y\r true epicure w /udy n to lose s g5u9e a pleasure4 ,bett] =ego "s artificial /imulus1 ?\gh t1 too1 has its *>m1 ?an become ins5sible to natural joys4 ,inde$1 ability to rev]t to elem5t>y beauties is a te/ t judgm5t rema9s s\nd4 ,vulg>ity is q ano!r matt]4 ,an old woman 9 a blonde wig1 a dirty h& cov]$ ) jewels1 o/5tation )\t dignity1 rhetoric )\t cog5cy1 all (f5d by an inn] contradiction4 ,to l su* ?+s we %\ld h to surr5d] our bett] intuitions & suff] a k9d ( di%on\r4 ,yet ! elem5ts (f5sively comb9$ may be excell5t 9 isolation1 s t an untra9$ or torpid m9d w be at a loss to und]/& ! critic's displeasure4 ,(t5times b>b>ic art almo/ succe$s1 by d9t ( spl5d\r1 9 bani%+ ! s5se ( confusion & absurdity2 = ev]y?+1 ev5 reason1 mu/ b[ to =ce4 ,yet ! impression rema9s *aotic1 & we mu/ be ei!r p>tly inatt5tive or p>tly di/ress$4 ,no?+ c\ld %[ bett] ?an ?is alt]native h[ me*anical b>b>ic art is4 ,driv5 by bl9d impulse or tradition1 ! arti/ has work$ 9 ! d>k4 ,he has dismiss$ 8 "w )\t hav+ q und]/ood x or really ju/ifi$ x to 8 own m9d4 ,x is r 8 excretion ?an 8 product4 ,a/oni%$1 v likely1 at 8 own f]tility1 he has ?\ght himself div9ely inspir$1 little kn[+ t cle> reason is ! highe/ & true/ ( inspirations4 ,o!r m51 obs]v+ 8 obscure "w1 h !n hon\r$ him = pr(undity2 & s m]e bulk or /ress or complexity h produc$ a my/ical wond] by :i* g5]ation aft] g5]ation may be en?rall$4 ,b>b>ic art is half necromantic2 its asc5dancy re/s 9 a c]ta9 measure on bewild]m5t & fraud4 ,to purge away ^! impurities no?+ is ne$$ b quick5$ intellig5ce1 a ke5] spiritual flame4 ,:]e p]ception is adequate1 expression is s too1 & if a man w only gr[ s5sitive to ! v>i\s solicitations :i* any?+ mon/r\s comb9es1 he w !reby p]ceive its mon/rosity4 ,let him b enact 8 s5sations1 let him pause to make explicit ! confus$ h9ts t ?reat5 to /upefy him2 he w f9d t he c foll[ out ea* ( !m only by reject+ & =gett+ ! o!rs4 ,to free 8 imag9ation 9 any direction he mu/ dis5gage x f ! contr>y int5t1 & s he mu/ ei!r purify 8 object or leave x a mass ( confus$ prompt+s4 ,prompt+s ess5tially dem& to be c>ri$ out1 & :5 once an idea has become articulate x is n enri*$ b de/roy$ if x is /ill id5tifi$ ) its contr>y4 ,any complete expression ( a b>b>\s !me w1 !re=e1 dis5gage its incompatible elem5ts & turn x into a numb] ( rational beauties4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y diff]1 f9ally1 9 p]t95ce1 & 9 wid? ( appeal4 ,:5 good ta/e has 9 ?is way purifi$ & dige/$ "s turgid m$ley1 x /ill has a progress to make4 ,ideas1 l m51 live 9 society4 ,n only has ea* a w ( its own & an inh]5t ideal1 b ea* f9ds itself condition$ = its expression by a ho/ ( o!r be+s1 on ^: co-op]ation x dep5ds4 ,good ta/e1 besides be+ inw>dly cle>1 has to be outw>dly fit4 ,a mon/r\s ideal dev\rs & dissolves itself1 b ev5 a rational "o does n f9d an immortal embodim5t simply = be+ inw>dly possible & free f contradiction4 ,x ne$s a mat]ial basis1 a soil & situation propiti\s to its gr[?4 ,?is basis1 z x v>ies1 makes ! ideal v>y :i* is simply its expression2 & !re=e no ideal c be ultimately fix$ 9 ignorance ( ! conditions t may modify x4 ,x subsi/s1 to be sure1 z an et]nal possibility1 indep5d5tly ( all fur!r e>?ly revolutions4 ,once express$1 x has reveal$ ! inali5able values t atta* to a c]ta9 =m ( be+1 :5ev] t =m is actualis$4 ,b its expression may h be5 only mom5t>y1 & t et]nal ideal may h no fur!r relevance to ! liv+ _w4 ,a crit]ion ( ta/e1 h[ev]1 looks to a social c>e]2 x hopes to educate & to judge4 ,9 ord] to be an applicable & a j law1 x mu/ repres5t ! int]e/s ov] :i* x w\ld preside4 ,!re are _m undiscov]$ ideals4 ,!re are _m beauties :i* no?+ 9 ?is _w c embody or sugge/4 ,!re are also _m once sugge/$ or ev5 embodi$1 :i* f9d lat] _! basis gone & evaporate into _! native heav54 ,! sadde/ trag$y 9 ! _w is ! de/ruction ( :at has )9 x no inw>d gr\nd ( dissolution1 dea? 9 y\?1 & ! cru%+ out ( p]fection4 ,imag9ation has its b]eavem5ts ( ?is k9d4 ,a complete ma/]y ( exi/5ce a*iev$ at "o mom5t gives no w>rant t x w be su/a9$ or a*iev$ aga9 at ! next4 ,! a*ievem5t may h be5 p]fect2 nature w n on t acc\nt /op to admire x4 ,%e w move on1 & ! mean+ :i* 0 read s triumphantly 9 h] mom5t>y attitude w n fit h] new po/ure4 ,l ,polonius's cl\d1 %e w always sugge/ "s new ideal1 because %e has none ( h] own4 ,9 lieu ( an ideal1 h[ev]1 nature has a con/itution1 & ?is1 :i* is a necess>y gr\nd = ideals1 is :at x conc]ns ! ideal to reckon )4 ,a poet1 spokesman ( 8 full s\l at a giv5 juncture1 _c consid] ev5tualities or ?9k ( any?+ b ! message he is s5t to deliv]1 :e!r ! _w c !n he> x or n4 ,god1 he may feel sure1 und]/&s him1 & 9 ! et]nal ! beauty he sees & loves immortally ju/ifies 8 en?usiasm4 ,nev]!less1 critics mu/ view 8 mom5t>y ebullition f ano!r side4 ,!y d n come to ju/ify ! poet 9 8 own eyes2 he amply relieves !m1 ( su* a function4 ,!y come only to inquire h[ significant ! poet's expressions are = humanity at l>ge or = :atev] public he addresses4 ,!y come to regi/] ! social or repres5tative value ( ! poet's s\l4 ,8 inspiration may h be5 an odd c]ebral rumbl+1 a p]fectly irrecov]able & wa/$ intuition2 ! exquisite quality x d\btless _h to 8 own s5se is n[ n to ! purpose4 ,a "w ( art is a public possession2 x is address$ to ! _w4 ,by tak+ on a mat]ial embodim5t1 a _s solicits att5tion & claims "s k9%ip ) ! preval5t gods4 ,has x1 critics %\ld ask1 ! aff9ities ne$$ = su* int]c\rse8 ,is x humane1 is x rational1 is x repres5tative8 ,to its inh]5t incommunicable *>ms x mu/ add a k9d ( c\rtesy4 ,if x wants o!r approval ?an its own1 x _c af=d to reg>d no o!r aspiration4 ,?is scope1 ?is repres5tative faculty or wide appeal1 is necess>y to good ta/e4 ,all au?ority is repres5tative2 =ce & inn] consi/5cy are gifts on :i* ,i may well congratulate ano!r1 b !y give him no "r to speak = me4 ,ei!r /hetic exp]i5ce w\ld h rema9$ a *aos--:i* x is n altoge!r--or x mu/ h t5d$ to conciliate c]ta9 g5]al human dem&s & ultimately all ^? int]e/s :i* its op]ation 9 any way affects4 ,! m conspicu\s & p]man5t a "w ( art is1 ! m is su* an adju/m5t ne$$4 ,a poet or philosoph] may be erratic & assure u t he is inspir$2 if we _c well ga9say x1 we are at lea/ n oblig$ to read 8 works4 ,an ar*itect or a sculptor1 h[ev]1 or a public p]=m] ( any sort1 t ?ru/s be=e u a spectacle ju/ifi$ only 9 8 inn] consci\sness1 makes himself a nuisance4 ,a social /&>d ( ta/e mu/ ass]t itself "h1 or else no efficaci\s & cumulative art c exi/ at all4 ,good ta/e 9 su* matt]s _c ab/ract f tradition1 utility1 & ! temp] ( ! _w4 ,x mu/ make itself an int]pret] ( humanity & ?9k esot]ic dreams less beautiful ?an :at ! public eye might conceivably admire4 ,sid5ote3 ,art may gr[ classic by idealis+ ! famili>4 ,!re are v>i\s aff9ities by :i* art may acquire a repres5tative or classic quality4 ,x may d s by giv+ =m to objects :i* ev]ybody kn[s1 by r5d]+ exp]i5ces t are univ]sal & prim>y4 ,! human figure1 elem5t>y passions1 common types & crises ( fate--^! are facts :i* pass too con/antly ?r\gh app]ception n to h a normal !tic value4 ,! arti/ :o c cat* t effect 9 its fulness & simplicity accord+ly does immortal "w4 ,?is sort ( art imm$iately becomes popul>2 x passes into language & conv5tion s t its /hetic *>m is app>5tly worn d[n4 ,! old images aft] a :ile h>dly /imulate unless !y be pres5t$ 9 "s p>adoxical way2 b 9 t case att5tion w be div]t$ to ! accid5tal extravagance1 & ! *ief classic effect w be miss$4 ,x is ! hon\rable fate or eu?anasia ( arti/ic successes t !y pass f ! field ( pr(essional art altoge!r & become a portion ( human faculty4 ,e man le>ns to be to t ext5t an arti/2 approv$ figures & maxims pass curr5t l ! words & idioms ( a "m-tongue1 !mselves once brilliant inv5tions4 ,! lu/re ( su* successes is n really dimm$1 h[ev]1 :5 x becomes a "p ( man's daily light2 a retrogression f t habitual /yle or habitual insight w\ld at once prove1 by ! %ock x caus$1 h[ preci\s ^? +ra9$ app]ceptions cont9u$ to be4 ,sid5ote3 or by report+ ! ultimate4 ,univ]sality may also be a*iev$1 9 a m h]oic fa%ion1 by art t expresses ultimate tru?s1 cosmic laws1 great human ideals4 ,virgil & ,dante are classic poets 9 ?is s5se1 & a simil> quality belongs to ,greek sculpture & ar*itecture4 ,!y may n cause en?usiasm 9 ev]ybody2 b 9 ! end exp]i5ce & reflection r5ew _! *>m2 & _! greatness1 l t ( high m\nta9s1 gr[s m obvi\s ) di/ance4 ,su* em95ce is ! rew>d ( hav+ accept$ discipl9e & made ! m9d a cle> anagram ( mu* exp]i5ce4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! dep? ( expression s ga9$ & ri*ness or realism 9 details4 ,a supreme "w presupposes m9ute /udy1 sympa?y ) v>i$ passions1 _m exp]im5ts 9 expression2 b ^! prelim9>y ?+s are subm]g$ 9 x & are n display$ side by side ) x1 l ! foot-notes to a le>n$ "w1 s t ! ignorant may "k !y h exi/$4 ,"s p]sons1 !mselves inatt5tive1 imag9e1 = in/ance1 t ,greek sculpture is ab/ract1 t x has left out all ! detail & "* :i* !y _c f9d on ! surface1 z !y might 9 a mod]n "w4 ,9 tru? x conta9s ^? features1 z x 71 9 solution & 9 ! resultant :i*1 :5 r$uc$ to h>mony1 !y w\ld produce4 ,x embodies a f9i%$ humanity :i* only v>i$ ex]cises c\ld h atta9$1 = z ! body is ! exi/5t gr\nd = all possible actions1 9 :i* z actions !y exi/ only pot5tially1 s a p]fect body1 su* z a sculptor might conceive1 :i* ought to be ready = all excell5t activities1 _c pres5t !m all 9 act b only ! read9ess = !m4 ,! features t might express !m sev]ally mu/ be absorb$ & ma/]$1 hidd5 l a sword 9 its scabb>d1 & r$uc$ to a g5]al dignity or grace4 ,?\gh su* imm]s$ eloqu5ce be at fir/ ov]look$ & seldom explicitly ackn[l$g$1 homage is nev]!less r5d]$ to x 9 ! mo/ unmi/akable ways4 ,:5 lazy arti/s1 back$ by no great te*nical or moral discipl9e1 ?9k !y1 too1 c produce ma/]pieces by summ>y treatm5t1 _! failure %[s h[ pregnant & supreme a ?+ simplicity is4 ,e man1 9 proportion to 8 exp]i5ce & moral di/9ction1 returns to ! simple b inexhau/ible "w ( f9i%$ m9ds1 & f9ds m & m ( 8 own s\l responsive to x4 ,human nature1 = all its m>g9 ( v>iability1 has a sub/antial core :i* is inv>iable1 z ! human body has a /ructure :i* x _c lose )\t p]i%+ altoge!r2 = z creatures gr[ m complex a great] numb] ( _! organs become vital & indisp5sable4 ,advanc$ =ms w r die ?an surr5d] a tittle ( _! "*2 a fact :i* is ! physical basis = loyalty & m>tyrdom4 ,any deep int]pretation ( oneself1 or inde$ ( any?+1 has = t reason a l>gely repres5tative tru?4 ,o!r m51 if !y look closely1 w make ! same discov]y = !mselves4 ,h5ce di/9ction & pr(undity1 9 spite ( _! r>ity1 are wont to be l>gely recognis$4 ,! be/ m5 9 all ages keep classic traditions alive4 ,^! m5 h on _! side ! weight ( sup]ior intellig5ce1 &1 ?\gh !y are few1 !y might ev5 claim ! weight ( numb]s1 s9ce ! few ( all ages1 add$ toge!r1 may be m ?an ! _m :o 9 any "o age foll[ a tempor>y fa%ion4 ,classic "w is nev]!less always national1 or at lea/ *>act]i/ic ( its p]iod1 z ! classic poetry ( ea* p is t 9 :i* its language appe>s mo/ pure & free4 ,to translate x is impossible2 b x is easy to f9d t ! human nature s inimitably express$ 9 ea* ma/]piece is ! same t1 "u diff]5t circum/ance1 dictates a diff]5t p]=mance4 ,! deviations betwe5 races & m5 are n yet s great z is ! ignorance ( self1 ! bl9dness to ! native ideal1 :i* prevails 9 mo/ ( !m4 ,h5ce a great man ( a remote epo* is m intelligible ?an a common man ( our own "t4 ,sid5ote3 ,good ta/e dem&s t art %\ld be rational1 i4e41 h>moni\s ) all o!r int]e/s4 ,bo? elem5t>y & ultimate judgm5ts1 !n1 contribute to a /&>d ( ta/e2 yet human life lies betwe5 ^! limits1 & an art :i* is to be truly adju/$ to life %\ld speak also = ! int]m$iate exp]i5ce4 ,good ta/e is inde$ no?+ b a "n = ^? appreciations :i* ! swell+ incid5ts ( life recall & re9=ce4 ,good ta/e is t ta/e :i* is a good possession1 a fri5d to ! :ole man4 ,x mu/ n ali5ate him f any?+ except to ally him to some?+ great] & m f]tile 9 satisfactions4 ,x w n suff] him to dote on ?+s1 h[ev] s$uctive1 :i* rob him ( "s nobl] companion%ip4 ,to h a =eta/e ( su* a loss1 & to reject in/9ctively :atev] w cause x1 is ! v ess5ce ( ref9em5t4 ,good ta/e comes1 !re=e1 f exp]i5ce1 9 ! be/ s5se ( t ^w2 x comes f hav+ unit$ 9 "o's memory & "* ! fruit ( _m div]se und]tak+s4 ,m]e ta/e is apt to be bad ta/e1 s9ce x reg>ds no?+ b a *ance feel+4 ,e man :o pursues an art may be presum$ to h "s s5sibility2 ! "q is :e!r he has bre$+1 too1 & :e!r :at he /ops at is n1 9 ! end1 vulg> & (f5sive4 ,*ance feel+ ne$s to =tify itself ) reasons & to f9d its level 9 ! great _w4 ,:5 x has add$ fitness to its s9c]ity1 b5efic5ce to its passion1 x w h acquir$ a "r to live4 ,viol5ce & self-ju/ification w n pass mu/] 9 a moral society1 = vip]s possess bo?1 & mu/ nev]!less be /amp$ out4 ,citiz5%ip is conf]r$ only on creatures ) human & co-op]ative in/9cts4 ,a civilis$ imag9ation has to und]/& & to s]ve ! _w4 ,! great ob/acle :i* art f9ds 9 attempt+ to be rational is its functional isolation4 ,s5se & ea* ( ! passions suff]s f a simil> indep5d5ce4 ,! dis>ray ( human in/9cts lets e spontane\s motion run too f>2 life oscillates betwe5 con/ra9t & unreason4 ,morality too (t5 puts up ) be+ a con/ra9t & ev5 imag9es su* a disgrace to be its ess5ce4 ,art1 on ! contr>y1 z (t5 hugs unreason = fe> ( los+ its inspiration1 & =gets t x is itself a rational pr9ciple ( creation & ord]4 ,morality is ?us r$uc$ to a necess>y evil & art to a va9 good1 all = want ( h>mony among human impulses4 ,if ! passions arose 9 season1 if p]ception f$ only on ^? ?+s :i* action %\ld be adju/$ to1 turn+ !m1 :ile action proce$$1 into ! sub/ance ( ideas--!n all conduct w\ld be volunt>y & enlight5$1 all speculation w\ld be practical1 all p]ceptions beautiful1 & all op]ations arts4 ,! ,life ( ,reason w\ld !n be univ]sal4 ,to approa* ?is ideal1 s f> z art is conc]n$1 w\ld involve diffus+ its processes & no long] conf9+ !m to a set ( dead & unproductive objects call$ works ( art4 ,sid5ote3 ,a m]e 8"w ( art0 a baseless artifice4 ,:y art1 ! mo/ vital & g5]ative ( activities1 %\ld produce a set ( ab/ract images1 monum5ts to lo/ intuitions1 is a curi\s my/]y4 ,nature gives h] products life1 & !y are at lea/ equal to _! s\rces 9 dignity4 ,:y %\ld m9d1 ! actualisation ( nature's p[]s1 produce some?+ s inf]ior to itself1 rev]t+ 9 its expression to mat]ial be+1 s t its witnesses seem s _m fossils ) :i* x /rews its pa?8 ,:at we call museums--mausoleums1 r1 9 :i* a dead art heaps up its rema9s--are ^? ! places :]e ! ,muses int5d$ to dwell8 ,we d n keep 9 %[-cases ! co9s curr5t 9 ! _w4 ,a liv+ art does n produce curiosities to be collect$ b spiritual necess>ies to be diffus$4 ,artificial art1 made to be exhibit$1 is some?+ gratuit\s & sophi/icat$1 & ! great] "p ( m5's conc]n ab\t x is affectation4 ,!re is a g5u9e pleasure 9 plann+ a "w1 9 modell+ & pa9t+ x2 !re is a pleasure 9 %[+ x to a sympa!tic fri5d1 :o associates himself 9 ?is way ) ! arti/'s te*nical exp]im5t & ) 8 int]pretation ( "s human episode2 & !re might be a satisfaction 9 see+ ! "w set up 9 "s appropriate space = :i* x 0 design$1 :]e its decorative quality might enri* ! sc5e1 & ! curi\s pass]-by might /op to deciph] x4 ,! pleasures prop] to an +5u\s arti/ are spontane\s & human2 b 8 works1 once deliv]$ to 8 patrons1 are h\sehold furniture = ! /ate4 ,set up to-day1 !y are outworn & replac$ to-morr[1 l trees 9 ! p>ks or (fic]s 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,a community :]e art 0 native & fl\ri%+ w\ld h an un9t]rupt$ supply ( su* ornam5ts1 furni%$ by its citiz5s 9 ! same mode/ & *e]ful _s 9 :i* !y furni% o!r commodities4 ,e craft has its dignity1 & ! decorative & monum5tal crafts c]ta9ly h _! own2 b su* art is nei!r s+ul> nor pre-em95t1 & a /atesman or re=m] :o %\ld raise some:at ! level ( ?\ght or practice 9 ! /ate w\ld d an inf9itely great] s]vice4 ,sid5ote3 ,human uses give to works ( art _! highe/ expression & *>m4 ,! joys ( creat+ are n conf9$1 moreov]1 to ^? :o create ?+s )\t practical uses4 ,! m]ely /hetic1 l rhyme & fireworks1 is n ! only subject t c engage a playful fancy or be plann$ ) a premonition ( beautiful effects4 ,ar*itecture may be useful1 sculpture commemorative1 poetry reflective1 ev51 music1 by its expression1 religi\s or m>tial4 ,9 a ^w1 practical exig5cies1 9 call+ =? ! arts1 give !m moral functions :i* x is a pleasure to see !m fulfil4 ,works may n be /hetic 9 _! purpose1 & yet t fact may be a gr\nd = _! be+ d\bly delightful 9 execution & d\bly beautiful 9 effect4 ,a ri*] plexus ( emotions is conc]n$ 9 produc+ or contemplat+ some?+ humanly necess>y ?an some?+ idly conceiv$4 ,:at is v rightly call$ a s5se = fitness is a vital exp]i5ce1 involv+ /hetic satisfactions & /hetic %ocks4 ,! m num]\s ! rational h>monies are :i* are pres5t to ! m9d1 ! m s5sible movem5ts w be go+ on !re to give imm$iate delight2 = ! p]ception or expectation ( an ult]ior good is a pres5t good also4 ,accord+ly no?+ c s well call =? or su/a9 att5tion z :at has a complex /ructure relat+ x to _m complex int]e/s4 ,a "w wov5 out ( preci\s ?reads has a deep p]t95ce & glory2 ! arti/ :o creates x does n ne$ to surr5d] 8 practical & moral s5se 9 ord] to indulge 8 imag9ation4 ,! tru? is t m]e s5sation or m]e emotion is an indignity to a mature human be+4 ,:5 we eat1 we dem& a pleasant vi/a1 fl[]s1 or conv]sation1 & fail+ ^! we take refuge 9 a newspap]4 ,! monks1 kn[+ t m5 %\ld n fe$ sil5tly l /all$ ox51 appo9t$ "s "o to read al\d 9 ! refectory2 & ! ,fa!rs1 obey+ ! same civilis$ in/9ct1 _h contriv$ 9 _! !ology intelligible po9ts ( atta*m5t = religi\s emotion4 ,a ref9$ m9d f9ds z little happ9ess 9 love )\t fri5d%ip z 9 s5suality )\t love2 x may succumb to bo?1 b x accepts nei!r4 ,:at is true ( m]e s5sibility is no less true ( m]e fancy4 ,! ,arabian ,nights--futile en\gh 9 any case--w\ld be absolutely intol]able if !y conta9$ no ,ori5tal mann]s1 no human passions1 & no conv9c$ epicureanism beh9d _! miracles & _! tattle4 ,any absolute "w ( art :i* s]ves no fur!r purpose ?an to /imulate an emotion has ab\t x a c]ta9 luxuri\s & vision>y ta9t4 ,we leave x ) a blank m9d1 & a pang bubbles up f ! v f\nta9 ( pleasures4 ,art1 s long z x ne$s to be a dream1 w nev] cease to prove a disappo9tm5t4 ,its facile cruelty1 its n>cotic ab/raction1 c nev] sweet5 ! evils we return to at home2 x c lib]ate half ! m9d only by leav+ ! o!r half 9 abeyance4 ,9 ! m]e arti/1 too1 !re is always some?+ t falls %ort ( ! g5tleman & t defeats ! man4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sad values ( appe>ance4 ,surely x is n ! arti/ic impulse 9 itself t involves su* lack ( equilibrium4 ,to impress a mean+ & a rational =m on matt] is "o ( ! mo/ ma/]ful ( actions4 ,! tr\ble lies 9 ! b>r5 & sup]ficial "* ( ?is impos$ =m3 f9e art is a play ( appe>ance4 ,appe>ance1 = a critical philosophy1 is di/+ui%$ f reality by its sep>ation f ! context ( ?+s1 by its imm$iacy & insignificance4 ,a play ( appe>ance is accord+ly "s little clos$ circle 9 exp]i5ce1 "s dream 9 :i* we lose ourselves by ignor+ mo/ ( our int]e/s1 & f :i* we awake into a _w 9 :i* t lo/ episode plays no fur!r "p & leaves no heirs4 ,art z mank9d has hi!rto practis$ x falls l>gely "u ?is head & too mu* resembles an opiate or a /imulant4 ,life & hi/ory are n !reby r5d]$ bett] 9 _! pr9ciple1 b a m]e ideal is extract$ out ( !m & pres5t$ = our delectation 9 "s *eap mat]ial1 l words or m>ble4 ,! only preci\s mat]ials are fle% & blood1 = ^! alone c def5d & propagate ! ideal :i* has once in=m$ !m4 ,arti/ic creation %[s at ?is po9t a great inf]iority to natural reproduction1 s9ce its product is dead4 ,f9e art %apes in]t matt] & peoples ! m9d ) impot5t gho/s4 ,:at influ5ce x has--= e ev5t has consequ5ces--is n p]t95t to its inspiration4 ,! art ( ! pa/ is p[]less ev5 to create simil> art 9 ! pres5t1 unless simil> conditions recur indep5d5tly4 ,! mom5ts snat*$ = art h be5 g5]ally int]ludes 9 life & its products p>asites 9 nature1 ! body ( !m be+ mat]ially functionless & ! s\l m]ely repres5t$4 ,to exalt f9e art into a truly ideal activity we %\ld h to knit x m closely ) o!r rational functions1 s t to beautify ?+s might r5d] !m m useful & to repres5t !m mo/ imag9atively might be to see !m 9 _! tru?4 ,some?+ ( ! sort has be5 actually atta9$ by ! noble/ arts 9 _! noble/ phases4 ,a ,sophocles or a ,leon>do dom9ates 8 dreamful vehicle & works ^u ! real _w by its means4 ,^! small c5tres1 :]e int]functional h>mony is atta9$1 ought to exp& & cov] ! :ole field4 ,art1 l religion1 ne$s to be absorb$ 9 ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,!y ne$ to be made prophetic ( practical goods4 ,:at might help to br+ ab\t ?is consummation w\ld be1 on ! "o side1 m k2 on ! o!r1 bett] ta/e4 ,:5 a m9d is fill$ ) important & true ideas & sees ! actual relations ( ?+s1 x _c reli% pictures ( ! _w :i* wantonly misrepres5t x4 ,my? & metaphor rema9 beautiful s long z !y are ! mo/ adequate or graphic means available = express+ ! facts1 b s soon z !y cease to be ne$ful & s9c]e !y become false f9]y4 ,! same ?+ happ5s 9 ! pla/ic arts4 ,unless !y spr+ f love ( _! subject1 & employ imag9ation only to p5etrate into t subject & int]pret x ) a m inw>d sympa?y & tru?1 !y become conv5tional & ov]gr[n ) m]e ornam5t4 ,!y !n seem ridicul\s to any man :o c truly conceive :at !y repres5t4 ,s 9 putt+ antique h]oes on ! /age we n[adays no long] tol]ate a mod]n co/ume1 because ! ext]nals ( anci5t life are too well kn[n to u2 b 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury p dem&$ 9 su* p]sonages intellig5ce & nobl5ess1 s9ce ^! 7 virtues :i* ! anci5ts 7 clo!d ) 9 _! ?\ght4 ,a k t %\ld be at once full & appreciative w\ld evid5tly dem& fidelity 9 bo? matt]s4 ,k1 :]e x exi/s1 und]m9es satisfaction 9 :at does viol5ce to tru?1 & x r5d]s su* repres5tations grotesque4 ,if k 7 g5]al & adequate ! f9e arts w\ld accord+ly be br\ght r\nd to express+ reality4 ,sid5ote3 :i* 9 turn w\ld be suffus$ ) beauty4 ,at ! same "t1 if ! r5d]+ ( reality is to rema9 arti/ic1 x mu/ /ill /udy to satisfy ! s5ses2 b z ?is /udy w\ld n[ accompany e activity1 ta/e w\ld gr[ va/ly m subtle & exact+4 ,:atev] any man said or did or made1 he w\ld be alive to its /hetic quality1 & beauty w\ld be a p]vasive +r$i5t 9 happ9ess4 ,no "w w\ld be call$1 9 a special s5se1 a "w ( art1 = all works w\ld be su* intr9sically2 & ev5 in/9ctive mimicry & reproduction w\ld !mselves op]ate1 n :5 mis*ief or idl5ess prompt$1 b :5 "s human occasion & "s g5]al utility made ! ex]cise ( su* skill entirely delightful4 ,?us !re w\ld ne$ to be no division ( mank9d into me*anical bl9d work]s & half-dem5t$ poets1 & no sep>ation ( useful f f9e art1 su* z p make :o h und]/ood nei!r ! nature nor ! ultimate rew>d ( human action4 ,all arts w\ld be practis$ toge!r & m]g$ 9 ! art ( life1 ! only "o :olly useful or f9e among !m4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,art ,,& ,,happ9ess ,sid5ote3 /hetic h>monies are p>odies ( real ones4 ,! greate/ enemy h>mony c h is a premature settlem5t 9 :i* "s ess5tial =ce is :olly disreg>d$4 ,?is exclud$ elem5t w rankle 9 ! fle%2 x w br+ ab\t no end ( disord]s until x is f9ally recognis$ & admitt$ into a truly compreh5sive regim54 ,! m num]\s ! int]e/s :i* a premature settlem5t comb9es ! great] in]tia w x oppose to re=m1 & ! m self-righte\sly w x condemn ! innoc5t p>iah t x leaves outside4 ,art has _h to suff] mu* ,ph>isaical opposition ( ?is sort4 ,sometimes political sy/ems1 sometimes religi\s zeal1 h exclud$ x f _! programme1 !reby mak+ _! programme unju/ & inadequate4 ,yet ( all premature settlem5ts ! mo/ premature is t :i* ! f9e arts are wont to e/abli%4 ,a h>mony 9 appe>ance only1 "o t t\*es ! spr+s ( no?+ & has no p[] to propagate itself1 is s p>tial & mom5t>y a good t we may ju/ly call x an illusion4 ,to gloat on rhy?ms & declamations1 to live lo/ 9 imag9>y passions & hi/rionic woes1 is an unmanly life1 cut (f f practical dom9ion & f rational happ9ess4 ,a lovely dream is an excell5t ?+ 9 itself1 b x leaves ! _w no less a *aos & makes x by contra/ seem ev5 d>k] ?an x did4 ,by dwell+ 9 its mock heav5 art may inflict on m5 ! same k9d ( injury t any irresponsible passion or luxuri\s vice might inflict4 ,= ?is reason x sometimes passes = a mis=tune 9 a family if a son insi/s on be+ a poet or an actor4 ,su* gifts sugge/ too mu* incompet5ce & su* hon\rs too mu* disrepute4 ,a man does n avoid real evils by hav+ vision>y pleasures1 b besides expos+ himself to ! real evils q unprotect$1 he probably adds fanci$ evils to !m 9 g5]\s measure4 ,he becomes sup]s5sitive1 envi\s1 hy/]ical2 ! _w1 :i* 0 p]haps c>ri$ away at fir/ by 8 ec/asies1 at ! next mom5t m]ely applauds 8 p]=mance1 !n criticises x sup]cili\sly1 & v likely ends by =gett+ x altoge!r4 ,?us ! f9e arts are seldom an orig9al factor 9 human progress4 ,if !y express moral & political greatness1 & s]ve to enhance x1 !y acquire a c]ta9 dignity2 b s soon z ?is expressive function is ab&on$ !y gr[ m]etrici\s4 ,! arti/ becomes an ab/ract$ trifl]1 & ! public is divid$ into two camps3 ! dilettanti1 :o dote on ! arti/'s affectations1 & ! rabble1 :o pay him to gr[ co>se4 ,bo? influ5ces degrade him & he helps to fo/] bo?4 ,an atmosph]e ( dep5d5ce & *>latanry ga!rs ab\t ! arti/ic attitude & spreads ) its influ5ce4 ,religion1 philosophy1 & mann]s may 9 turn be infect$ ) ?is _s1 be+ r$uc$ to a volunt>y halluc9ation or petty flatt]y4 ,romanticism1 ritualism1 /heticism1 symbolism are names ?is disease has borne at diff]5t times z x appe>$ 9 diff]5t circles or t\*$ a diff]5t object4 ,ne$less to say t ! arts !mselves are ! fir/ to suff]4 ,t beauty :i* %\ld h be5 an inevitable smile on ! face ( society1 an ov]fl[ ( g5u9e happ9ess & p[]1 has to be import$1 /imulat$ artificially1 & appli$ f )\t2 s t art becomes a sickly ornam5t = an ugly exi/5ce4 ,sid5ote3 yet prototypes ( true p]fections4 ,nev]!less1 /hetic h>mony1 s incomplete 9 its basis z to be fleet+ & deceptive1 is mo/ complete 9 its =m4 ,?is s p>tial syn!sis is a syn!sis inde$1 & j because settlem5ts made 9 fancy are altoge!r premature1 & ignore almo/ ev]y?+ 9 ! _w1 9 type !y c be ! mo/ p]fect settlem5ts4 ,! arti/1 be+ a born lov] ( ! good1 a natural bre$] ( p]fections1 cl+s to 8 insight4 ,if ! _w calls 8 accompli%m5ts va91 he c1 ) bett] reason1 call va9 ! _w's cumbr\s in/rum5talities1 by :i* no?+ cle>ly good is atta9$4 ,appe>ances1 he may ju/ly urge1 are alone actual4 ,all =ces1 sub/ances1 realities1 & pr9ciples are inf]r$ & pot5tial only & 9 ! moral scale m]e in/rum5ts to br+ p]fect appe>ances ab\t4 ,to h grasp$ su* an appe>ance1 to h embodi$ a =m 9 matt]1 is to h ju/ifi$ = ! fir/ "t :atev] may und]lie appe>ance & to h put reality to "s use4 ,x is to h begun to live4 ,z ! /&>d ( p]fection is int]nal & is measur$ by ! satisfaction felt 9 realis+ x1 e arti/ has ta/$1 9 8 activity1 :at activity ess5tially is4 ,he has m\ld$ exi/5ce into ! lik5ess ( ?\ght & lo/ himself 9 t ideal a*ievem5t :i*1 s to speak1 beckons all ?+s into be+4 ,ev5 if a ?\s& mis=tunes await him & a f9al disappo9tm5t1 he has be5 happy once4 ,he may be incl9$ to re/ 8 case !re & *all5ge practical p to ju/ify 9 ! same way ! fai? t is 9 !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,pros & cons ( deta*$ indulg5ces4 ,t a mom5t ( ! mo/ p]fect happ9ess %\ld prove a s\rce ( unhapp9ess is no p>adox to any "o :o has obs]v$ ! _w4 ,a hope1 a passion1 a crime1 is a fla% ( vitality4 ,x is inw>dly congru\s ) ! w t bre$s x1 yet ! happ9ess x pictures is s p>tial t ev5 :ile x is felt x may be ov]%ad[$ by s9i/] =ebod+s4 ,a c]ta9 unre/ & insecurity may consci\sly h>ass x4 ,) "t1 or by a slight wid5+ 9 ! field ( int]e/1 ?is subm]g$ unhapp9ess may rise to ! surface4 ,if1 z is probable1 x is caus$ or increas$ by ! indulg5ce :i* prec$$1 !n ! only mom5t 9 :i* a good 0 ta/$1 ! only vi/a t _h op5$ cong5ially be=e ! m9d1 w prove a new & p]man5t curse4 ,9 ?is way love (t5 misleads individuals1 ambition cities1 & religion :ole races ( m54 ,t art1 also1 %\ld (t5 be an indulg5ce1 a bl9d t hides reality f ill-balanc$ m9ds & ultimately increases _! confusion1 is by no means incompatible ) art's ideal ess5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 su* a result is inevitable :5 ideality is c>ri$ at all f> ^u a n>r[ basis4 ,! m g5u9e & excell5t ! vision ! great] havoc x makes if1 be+ inadequate1 x e/abli%es itself au?oritatively 9 ! s\l4 ,art1 9 ! bett] s5se1 is a condition ( happ9ess = a practical & lab\r+ creature1 s9ce )\t art he rema9s a slave2 b x is "o m s\rce ( unhapp9ess = him s long z x is n squ>$ ) 8 necess>y lab\rs & m]ely int]rupts !m4 ,x !n ali5ates him f 8 _w )\t be+ able to c>ry him effectually into a bett] "o4 ,sid5ote3 ,! happy imag9ation is "o initially 9 l9e ) ?+s4 ,! arti/ is 9 _m ways l a *ild4 ,he seems happy1 because 8 life is spontane\s1 yet he is n compet5t to secure 8 own good4 ,to be truly happy he mu/ be well br$1 re>$ f ! cradle1 z x 71 "u propiti\s influ5ces1 s t he may h le>n$ to love :at conduces to 8 developm5t4 ,9 t r>e case 8 art w exp& z 8 und]/&+ rip5s2 he w n ne$ to rep5t & beg9 aga9 on a l[] key4 ,! ideal arti/1 l ! ideal philosoph]1 has all "t & all exi/5ce = 8 virtual !me4 ,f$ by ! _w he c help to m\ld x1 & 8 insight is a k9d ( wisdom1 prep>+ him z sci5ce might = us+ ! _w well & mak+ x m fruitful4 ,he c !n be happy1 n m]ely 9 ! s5se ( hav+ n[ & !n an ec/atic mom5t1 b happy 9 hav+ light & res\rce en\gh )9 him to cope /eadily ) real ?+s & to leave ^u !m ! ve/ige ( 8 m9d4 ,sid5ote3 & br\ght always clos] to !m by exp]i5ce4 ,"o effect ( gr[+ exp]i5ce is to r5d] :at is unreal un9t]e/+4 ,mom5t\s alt]natives 9 life are s num]\s & ! possibilities !y op5 up s v>i$ t imag9ation f9ds en\gh employm5t ( a hi/oric & practical sort 9 try+ to seize !m4 ,a *ild plans ,t[]s ( ,babel2 a mature ar*itect1 9 plann+1 w\ld lose all int]e/ if he 7 bidd5 to disreg>d gravity & economy4 ,! conditions ( exi/5ce1 aft] !y are kn[n & accept$1 become conditions = ! only p]t95t beauty4 ,9 ea* place1 = ea* situation1 ! pla/ic m9d f9ds an appropriate ideal4 ,x ne$ n g afield to import some?+ exotic4 ,x ne$ make no sacrifices to :im & to p]sonal memories4 ,x r bre$s out ( ! giv5 problem a new & s+ul> solution1 !reby ex]cis+ great] inv5tion ?an w\ld be requisite = fram+ an arbitr>y ideal & impos+ x at all co/s on e occasion4 ,sid5ote3 ,reason is ! pr9ciple ( bo? art & happ9ess4 ,9 o!r words1 a happy result c be secur$ 9 art1 z 9 life1 only by intellig5ce4 ,intellig5ce consi/s 9 hav+ read ! he>t & deciph]$ ! prompt+s lat5t !re1 & !n 9 read+ ! _w & deciph]+ its law & con/itution1 to see h[ & :]e ! he>t's ideal may be embodi$4 ,our tr\bles come f ! colossal blund]s made by our ance/ors 7:o _h worse ance/ors ( _! own7 9 bo? ^! int]pretations1 blund]s :i* h come d[n to u 9 our blood & 9 our in/itutions4 ,! vices ?us transmitt$ cl\d our intellig5ce4 ,we fail 9 practical affairs :5 we ignore ! conditions ( action & we fail 9 works ( imag9ation :5 we concoct :at is fanta/ic & )\t roots 9 ! _w4 ,! value ( art lies 9 mak+ p happy1 fir/ 9 practis+ ! art & !n 9 possess+ its product4 ,?is obs]vation might seem ne$less1 & ought to be s2 b if we comp>e x ) :at is commonly said on ^! subjects1 we mu/ confess t x may (t5 be d5i$ & m (t51 p]haps1 may n be und]/ood4 ,happ9ess is some?+ m5 ought to pursue1 al?\gh !y seldom d s2 !y are drawn away f x at fir/ by fooli% impulses & aft]w>ds by p]v]se laws4 ,to secure happ9ess conduct w\ld h to rema9 spontane\s :ile x le>n$ n to be crim9al2 b ! fanatical atta*m5t ( m51 n[ to a fi]ce lib]ty1 n[ to a false regim51 keeps !m b>b>\s & wret*$4 ,a rational pursuit ( happ9ess--:i* is "o ?+ ) progress or ) ! ,life ( ,reason--w\ld embody t natural piety :i* leaves to ! episodes ( life _! inh]5t values1 m\rn+ dea?1 celebrat+ love1 sanctify+ civic traditions1 enjoy+ & correct+ nature's ways4 ,to discrim9ate happ9ess is !re=e ! v s\l ( art1 :i* expresses exp]i5ce )\t di/ort+ x1 z ^? political or metaphysical tyrannies di/ort x :i* sanctify unhapp9ess4 ,a free m9d1 l a creative imag9ation1 rejoices at ! h>monies x c f9d or make betwe5 man & nature2 &1 :]e x f9ds none1 x solves ! conflict s f> z x may & !n notes & endures x ) a %udd]4 ,a morality organis$ ab\t ! human he>t 9 an +5u\s & s9c]e fa%ion w\ld involve e f9e art & w\ld r5d] ! _w p]vasively beautiful--beautiful 9 its artificial products & beautiful 9 its und]ly+ natural t]rors4 ,! clos] we keep to elem5t>y human ne$s & to ! natural ag5cies t may satisfy !m1 ! clos] we are to beauty4 ,indu/ry1 sport1 & sci5ce1 ) ! p]5nial int]c\rse & passions ( m51 sw>m ) inc5tives to expression1 because !y are ev]y:]e creat+ new m\lds ( be+ & compell+ ! eye to obs]ve ^? =ms & to reca/ !m ideally4 ,art is simply an adequate indu/ry2 x arises :5 indu/ry is c>ri$ out to ! satisfaction ( all human dem&s1 ev5 ( ^? incid5tal s5su\s dem&s :i* we call /hetic & :i* a brutal indu/ry1 9 its ha/e1 may despise or ignore4 ,arts responsive 9 ?is way to all human nature w\ld be beautiful accord+ to reason & might rema9 beautiful long4 ,poetic beauty t\*es ! _w :5ev] x atta9s "s unfeign$ h>mony ei!r ) s5se or ) reason2 & ! m unfeign$ly human happ9ess 0 made ! te/ ( all in/itutions & pursuits1 ! m beautiful !y w\ld be1 hav+ m num]\s po9ts ( fusion ) ! m9d1 & fus+ ) x m pr(\ndly4 ,to di/+ui% & to create beauty w\ld !n be no art relegat$ to a few ab/ract$ spirits1 play+ ) casual fancies2 x w\ld be a habit insep>able f practical effici5cy4 ,all op]ations1 all affairs1 w\ld !n be view$ 9 ! light ( ultimate int]e/s1 & 9 _! deep relation to human good4 ,! arts w\ld ?us recov] _! ,hom]ic glory2 t\*+ human fate z !y cle>ly w\ld1 !y w\ld borr[ some?+ ( its gr&eur & pa?os1 & yet ! int]e/ t work$ 9 !m w\ld be w>m1 because x w\ld rema9 unmi/akably animal & s9c]e4 ,sid5ote3 ,only a rational society c h sure & p]fect arts4 ,! pr9ciple t all in/itutions %\ld subs]ve happ9ess runs deep] ?an any cult = art & lays ! f\ndation on :i* ! latt] might re/ safely4 ,if social /ructure 7 rational its free expression w\ld be s too4 ,_m obs]v]s1 ) no p>ticul> philosophy to adduce1 feel t ! arts among u are someh[ impot5t1 & !y look = a bett] inspiration1 n[ to anci5t models1 n[ to ! raw ph5om5a ( life4 ,a dilettante may1 inde$1 summon inspiration :5ce he w2 & a virtuoso w nev] lack "s mat]ial to keep him busy2 b if :at is hop$ = is a g5u9e1 native1 inevitable art1 a great revolution w\ld fir/ h to be work$ 9 society4 ,we %\ld h to ab&on our ve/$ illusions1 our irrational religions & patriotisms & s*ools ( art1 & to discov] in/ead our g5u9e ne$s1 ! =ms ( our possible happ9ess4 ,to call = su* self-exam9ation seems revolution>y only because we />t f a sophi/icat$ sy/em1 a sy/em re/+ on traditional fa%ions & sup]/itions1 by :i* ! w ( ! liv+ g5]ation is mis9t]pret$ & betray$4 ,to %ake (f t sy/em w\ld n subv]t ord] b r in/itute ord] = ! fir/ "t2 x w\ld be an ,in/auratio ,magna1 a sett+ ?+s aga9 on _! feet4 ,we 9 ,*ri/5dom are s accu/om$ to artificial ideals & to artificial in/itutions1 kept up to express !m1 t we h>dly conceive h[ anomal\s our situation is1 sorely z we may suff] f x4 ,we f\nd academies & museums1 z we f\nd missions1 to fan a flame t con/antly ?reat5s to die out = lack ( natural fuel4 ,our ov]t ideals are p>asites 9 ! body politic1 :ile ! ideals native to ! body politic1 ^? involv$ 9 our natural /ructure & situation1 are ei!r /ifl$ by t ali5 incubus1 leav+ civic life b>b>\s1 or else =ce _! way up1 unrem>k$ or n ju/ly hon\r$ z ideals4 ,indu/ry & sci5ce & social am5ities1 ) all ! congru\s com=ts & appurt5ances ( contempor>y life1 m>* on _! way1 z if !y _h no?+ to say to ! _s1 :i* rema9s entangl$ 9 a cobweb ( dead traditions4 ,an idle pott]+ ( ! fancy ov] obsolete =ms--!ological1 dramatic1 or pla/ic--makes t by-play to ! sob] bus9ess ( life :i* m5 call _! art or _! religion2 & ! m functionless & gratuit\s ?is by-play is ! m ^? :o indulge 9 x ?9k !y are ideali/s4 ,!y feel !y are *ampions ( :at is mo/ preci\s 9 ! _w1 z a s5tim5tal lady might fancy h]self a lov] ( fl[]s :5 %e press$ !m 9 a book in/ead ( plant+ _! se$s 9 ! g>d54 ,sid5ote3 ,:y art is n[ empty & un/able4 ,x is cle> t gratuit\s & functionless habits _c br+ happ9ess2 !y d n con/itute an activity at once spontane\s & b5efic5t1 su* z noble art is an in/ance (4 ,^? habits may inde$ give pleasure2 !y may br+ extreme excitem5t1 z madness notably does1 ?\gh x is 9 ! highe/ degree functionless & gratuit\s4 ,nor is su* by-play )\t consequ5ces1 "s ( :i* might conceivably be =tunate4 ,:at is functionless is s call$ = be+ wor?less f "s ideal po9t ( view1 & n conduc+ to ! p>ticul> life consid]$4 ,b no?+ real is dissociat$ f ! univ]sal flux2 ev]y?+--madness & all unmean+ cross-curr5ts 9 be+--c\nt 9 ! g5]al process & dis*>ge some:]e1 n )\t effect1 ! sub/ance !y h drawn = a mom5t into _! little vortex4 ,s our va9 arts & unnecess>y religions are n )\t real effects & n )\t a c]ta9 int]nal vitality4 ,:5 life is pr(\ndly disorganis$ x may well happ5 t only 9 deta*$ episodes1 only 9 mom5ts snat*$ = dream+ 91 c m5 see ! blue or cat* a glimpse ( some?+ l ! ideal4 ,9 t case _! e/eem = _! irrelevant visions may be well gr\nd$1 & _! ?9 art & f>-fet*$ religion may really con/itute :at is be/ 9 _! exp]i5ce4 ,9 a pa!tic way ^! poor en?usiasms may be ju/ifi$1 b only because ! v conception ( a rational life lies entirely beyond ! horizon4 ,sid5ote3 ,anomal\s "* ( ! irrational arti/4 ,x is no m>vel1 :5 art is a brief truancy f rational practice1 t ! arti/ himself %\ld be a vagrant1 & at be/1 z x 71 an infant prodigy4 ,! w+s ( g5ius s]ve him only = an escapade1 enabl+ him to skirt ! p]il\s edge ( madness & ( my/ical abysses4 ,b su* an erratic workman does n des]ve ! "n ( arti/ or ma/]2 he has bur/ conv5tion only to break x1 n to create a new conv5tion m 9 h>mony ) nature4 ,8 orig9ality1 ?\gh x may a/oni% = a mom5t1 w 9 ! end be despis$ & w f9d no ?or\ghf>e4 ,he w meantime be wret*$ himself1 torn f ! roots ( 8 be+ by t cruel1 unmean+ inspiration2 or1 if too rapt to see 8 own plight1 he w be all ! m piti$ by practical m51 :o _c ?9k x a real bless+ to be lo/ 9 joys t d n /r5g!n ! "* & yield no?+ = po/]ity4 ,art1 9 its nobl] acceptation1 is an a*ievem5t1 n an indulg5ce4 ,x prep>es ! _w 9 "s s5se to receive ! s\l1 & ! s\l to ma/] ! _w2 x dis5tangles ^? ?reads 9 ea* t c be wov5 into ! o!r4 ,t ! arti/ %\ld be ecc5tric1 homeless1 dreamful may almo/ seem a natural law1 b x is none ! less a sc&al4 ,an arti/'s bus9ess is n really to cut fanta/ical cap]s or be lic5s$ to play ! fool4 ,8 bus9ess is simply t ( e ke5 s\l to build well :5 x builds1 & to speak well :5 x speaks1 giv+ practice ev]y:]e ! greate/ possible aff9ity to ! situation1 ! mo/ delicate adju/m5t to e faculty x affects4 ,! wond] ( an arti/'s p]=mance gr[s ) ! range ( 8 p5etration1 ) ! in/9ctive sympa?y t makes him1 9 8 mortal isolation1 consid]ate ( o!r m5's fate & a great div9] ( _! secret1 s t 8 "w speaks to !m k9dly1 ) a deep] assurance ?an !y c\ld h spok5 ) to !mselves4 ,& ! joy ( 8 great sanity1 ! p[] ( 8 adequate vision1 is n ! less int5se because he c l5d x to o!rs & has borr[$ x f a fai?ful /udy ( ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,true art measures & completes happ9ess4 ,if happ9ess is ! ultimate sanction ( art1 art 9 turn is ! be/ in/rum5t ( happ9ess4 ,9 art m directly ?an 9 o!r activities man's self-expression is cumulative & f9ds an imm$iate rew>d2 = x alt]s ! mat]ial conditions ( s5ti5ce s t s5ti5ce becomes at once m delightful & m significant4 ,9 indu/ry man is /ill s]vile1 prep>+ ! mat]ials he is to use 9 action4 ,9 action itself1 ?\gh he is free1 he ex]ts 8 influ5ce on a liv+ & trea*]\s m$ium & sees ! issue at ea* mom5t drift f>!r & f>!r f 8 int5t4 ,9 sci5ce he is an obs]v]1 prep>+ himself = action 9 ano!r way1 by /udy+ its results & conditions4 ,b 9 art he is at once compet5t & free2 he is creative4 ,he is n tr\bl$ by 8 mat]ials1 because he has assimilat$ !m & may take !m = grant$2 nor is he conc]n$ ) ! *ance complexion ( affairs 9 ! actual _w1 because he is mak+ ! _w ov]1 n m]ely consid]+ h[ x grew or h[ x w cons5t to gr[ 9 future4 ,no?+1 accord+ly1 c\ld be m delightful ?an g5u9e art1 nor m free f remorse & ! /+ ( vanity4 ,art spr+s s completely f ! he>t ( man t x makes ev]y?+ speak to him 9 8 own language2 x rea*es1 nev]!less1 s truly to ! he>t ( nature t x co-op]ates ) h]1 becomes a p>cel ( h] creative mat]ial en]gy1 & builds by h] in/9ctive h&4 ,if ! v>i\s =mative impulses afoot 9 ! _w nev] oppos$ /ress to /ress & made no havoc ) "o ano!r1 nature might be call$ an unconsci\s arti/4 ,9 fact1 j :]e su* a =mative impulse f9ds support f ! environm5t1 a consci\sness sup]v5es4 ,if t consci\sness is adequate en\gh to be prophetic1 an art arises4 ,?us ! em]g5ce ( arts out ( in/9cts is ! tok5 & exact measure ( nature's success & ( mortal happ9ess4 999999 ,end ( ,volume ,f\r 999999 ,,reason ,,9 ,,sci5ce ,volume ,five ( 8,! ,life ( ,reason0 ,,george ,,santayana h g> noy enh]geia zh ,,cont5ts ,,reason ,,9 ,,sci5ce ,,*apt] ,i ,,types ,,& ,,aims ,,( ,,sci5ce ,sci5ce /ill "y4--,its misc>riage 9 ,greece4--,its timid reappe>ance 9 mod]n times4--,di/9ction betwe5 sci5ce & my?4--,platonic /atus ( hypo!sis4--,mean+ ( v]ification4--,possible validity ( my?s4--,any dream$-( ?+ might be exp]i5c$4--,b sci5ce foll[s ! movem5t ( its subject-matt]4--,moral value ( sci5ce4--,its cont9uity ) common k4--,its intellectual ess5ce4--,unity ( sci5ce4--,9 exi/5ce1 judg$ by reflection1 !re is a m>g9 ( wa/e4--,sci5ces conv]ge f diff]5t po9ts ( orig94--,two *ief k9ds ( sci5ce1 physics & dialectic4--,_! mutual implication4--,_! cop]ation4--,no sci5ce a priori4--,role ( criticism4 ,pages #c-ch ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,hi/ory ,hi/ory an artificial memory4--,second sight requires control4--,nature ! !me common to v>i\s memories4--,gr[? ( leg5d4--,no hi/ory )\t docum5ts4--,! aim is tru?4--,indirect me?ods ( atta9+ x4--,hi/orical rese>* a "p ( physics4--,v]ification "h indirect4--,futile ideal to survey all facts4--,hi/orical !ory4--,x is arbitr>y4--,a moral critique ( ! pa/ is possible4--,h[ x might be j4--,transition to hi/orical romance4--,possibility ( g5u9e epics4--,lit]al tru? ab&on$4--,hi/ory exi/s to be transc5d$4--,its great rle4 ,pages #ci-fh ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,me*anism ,recurr5t =ms 9 nature4--,_! discov]y makes ! flux calculable4--,loos] pr9ciples tri$ fir/4--,me*anism = ! mo/ "p hidd54--,yet presumably p]vasive4--,inadequacy ( consci\sness4--,its articulation inf]ior to t ( its objects4--,sci5ce consequ5tly ret>d$1 & speculation r5d]$ necess>y4--,dissatisfaction ) me*anism p>tly natural1 & p>tly artificial4--,biass$ judgm5ts inspir$ by moral in]tia4--,positive emotions prop] to mat]ialism4--,! mat]ial _w n dead nor ugly1 nor especially cruel4--,me*anism to be judg$ by its fruits4 ,pages #fi-id ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,hesitations ,,9 ,,me?od ,me*anism re/rict$ to "o-half ( exi/5ce4--,m5 ( sci5ce n speculative4--,confusion 9 semi-moral subjects4--8,physic ( metaphysic begs def5ce40--,evolution by me*anism4--,evolution by ideal attraction4--,if species are evolv$ !y _c guide evolution4--,intrusion ( optimism4--,evolution accord+ to ,hegel4--,! cons]vative int]pretation4--,! radical "o4--,megalomania4--,*aos 9 ! !ory ( m9d4--,orig9 ( self-consci\sness4--,! notion ( _s4--,! notion ( s5se4--,competition betwe5 ! two4--,! rise ( scepticism4 ,pages #ie-abe ,,*apt] ,v ,,psy*ology ,m9d read+ n sci5ce4--,exp]i5ce a recon/ruction4--,! hone/ art ( education4--,arbitr>y read+s ( ! m9d4--,human nature appeal$ to r ?an describ$4--,dialectic 9 psy*ology4--,sp9oza on ! passions4--,a pr9ciple ( e/imation _c gov]n ev5ts4--,sci5tific psy*ology a "p ( biology4--,confus$ attempt to deta* ! psy*ic elem5t4--,diff]5tia ( ! psy*ic4--,approa* to irrelevant s5ti5ce4--,p]ception repres5ts ?+s 9 _! practical relation to ! body4--,m9d ! exi/5ce 9 :i* =m becomes actual4--,attempt at ideali/ic physics4--,association n effici5t4--,x describes co9cid5ces4--,und]/&+ is bas$ on in/9ct & express$ 9 dialectic4--,sugge/ion a fancy "n = automatism1 & w ano!r4--,d\ble atta*m5t ( m9d to nature4--,is ! subject-matt] ( psy*ology absolute be+8--,s5ti5ce is repres5table only 9 fancy4--,! conditions & objects ( s5ti5ce1 :i* are n s5ti5ce1 are also real4--,m9d kn[able & important 9 s f> z x repres5ts o!r ?+s4 ,pages #abf-aff ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,int5t ,dialectic bett] ?an physics4--,maladju/m5ts to nature r5d] physics conspicu\s & unpleasant4--,physics %\ld be l>gely virtual1 & dialectic explicit4--,int5t is vital & indescribable4--,x is analog\s to flux 9 exi/5ce4--,x expresses natural life4--,x has a mat]ial basis4--,x is necess>ily relevant to e>?4--,! basis ( int5t becomes appreciable 9 language4--,int5t />ts f a datum1 & is c>ri$ by a feel+4--,x dem&s conv5tional expression4--,a fable ab\t matt] & =m4 ,pages #afg-ahf ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,dialectic ,dialectic elaborates giv5 =ms4--,=ms are ab/ract$ f exi/5ce by int5t4--,confusion comes ( imp]fect ab/raction1 or ambigu\s int5t4--,! fact t ma!matics applies to exi/5ce is empirical4--,its moral value is !re=e cont+5t4--,quantity submits easily to dialectical treatm5t--,con/ancy & progress 9 int5t4--,int5t det]m9es ! functional ess5ce ( objects4--,also ! scope ( ideals4--,d\ble /atus ( ma!matics4--,practical rle ( dialectic4--,hegel's satire on dialectic4--,dialectic expresses a giv5 int5t4--,its empire is ideal & autonom\s4 ,pages #ahg-bji ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,pr]ational ,,morality ,empirical alloy 9 dialectic4--,arre/$ rationality 9 morals4--,its emotional & practical p[]4--,moral sci5ce is an application ( dialectic1 n a "p ( an?ropology4--,e/imation ! s\l ( philosophy4--,moral discrim9ations are natural & inevitable4--,a *oice ( prov]bs4--,_! v>i\s repres5tative value4--,conflict ( p>tial moralities4--,! ,greek ideal4--,imag9ative exub]ance & political discipl9e4--,/]ility ( ,greek example4--,pr]ational morality among ! ,jews4--,! developm5t ( consci5ce4--,ne$ ( ,hebraic devotion to ,greek aims4--,pr]ational morality m>ks an acquisition b (f]s no programme4 ,pages #baj-bcb ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,rational ,,e?ics ,moral passions repres5t private int]e/s4--,common ideal int]e/s may sup]v5e4--,to ?is ext5t !re is rational society4--,a rational morality n atta9able1 b its pr9ciple cle>4--,x is ! logic ( an autonom\s w4--,socrates' sci5ce4--,its opposition to sophi/ry & moral an>*y4--,its vitality4--,g5u9e altruism is natural self-expression4--,reason expresses impulses1 b impulses r$uc$ to h>mony4--,self-love artificial4--,! sanction ( reason is happ9ess4--,moral sci5ce imp$$ by its *aotic data1 & its unrecognis$ scope4--,fallacy 9 democratic h$onism4--,sympa?y a conditional duty4--,all life1 & h5ce "r life1 f9ite & p>ticul>4 ,pages #bcc-bfa ,,*apt] ,x ,,po/-,,rational ,,morality ,socratic e?ics retrospective4--,rise ( disillusion$ moralities4--,! illusion subsi/+ 9 !m4--,epicurean refuge 9 pleasure4--,/oic rec\rse to con=mity4--,con=mity ! core ( ,islam1 envelop$ 9 arbitr>y doctr9es4--,! latt] alone l5d x practical =ce4--,moral ambiguity 9 pan!ism4--,"u /ress1 x becomes ascetic & requires a my?ology4--,a sup]natural _w made by ! ,platoni/ out ( dialectic4--,! ,hebraic cry = r$emption4--,! two factors meet 9 ,*ri/ianity4--,consequ5t eclecticism4--,! negation ( naturalism nev] complete4--,spontane\s values rehabilitat$4--,a witness out ( ,india4--,dignity ( po/-rational morality4--,absurdities nev]!less involv$4--,! s\l ( positivism 9 all ideals4--,moribund dreams & p]5nial realities4 ,pages #bfb-cjj ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,validity ,,( ,,sci5ce ,v>i\s modes ( revis+ sci5ce4--,sci5ce its own be/ critic4--,ob/ruction by ali5 traditions4--,ne$less anxiety = moral int]e/s4--,sci5ce an imag9ative & practical art4--,arrire-p5se 9 transc5d5talism4--,its romantic s9c]ity4--,its con/ructive impot5ce4--,its dep5d5ce on common-s5se4--,its futility4--,ideal sci5ce is self-ju/ifi$4--,physical sci5ce is presuppos$ 9 scepticism4--,x recurs 9 all und]/&+ ( p]ception4--,sci5ce conta9s all tru/wor?y k4--,x suffices = ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,pages #cja-cbj ,,reason ,,9 ,,sci5ce ,,*apt] ,i ,,types ,,& ,,aims ,,( ,,sci5ce ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce /ill "y4 ,sci5ce is s new a ?+ & s f> f f9al1 x seems to ! layman s hopelessly accurate & ext5sive1 t a morali/ may well feel "s diffid5ce 9 try+ to e/imate its a*ievem5ts & promises at _! human wor?4 ,! morr[ may br+ "s great revolution 9 sci5ce1 & is sure to br+ _m a correction & _m a surprise4 ,religion & art h _h _! day2 inde$ a "p ( ! fai? !y usually inspire is to believe t !y h long ago reveal$ _! secret4 ,a critic may safely =m a judgm5t conc]n+ !m2 = ev5 if he diss5ts f ! or?odox op9ion & v5tures to hope t religion & art may assume 9 ! future =ms f> nobl] & m rational ?an any !y h hi!rto worn1 /ill he mu/ confess t art & religion h _h sev]al turns at ! :eel2 !y h run _! c\rse ?r\gh 9 v>i\s ages & climes ) results :i* anybody is free to e/imate if he has an op5 m9d & suffici5t int]e/ 9 ! subject4 ,sci5ce1 on ! contr>y1 :i* app>5tly _c exi/ :]e intellectual fre$om is d5i$1 has fl\ri%$ only twice 9 record$ times3 once = "s ?ree hundr$ ye>s 9 anci5t ,greece1 & aga9 = ab\t ! same p]iod 9 mod]n ,*ri/5dom4 ,its fruits h sc>cely begun to appe>2 ! l&s x is discov]+ h n yet be5 circumnavigat$1 & !re is no tell+ :at its ultimate influ5ce w be on human practice & feel+4 ,sid5ote3 ,its misc>riage 9 ,greece4 ,! fir/ p]iod 9 ! life ( sci5ce 0 brilliant b ineffectual4 ,! ,greeks' en]gy & lib]ty 7 too soon sp5t1 & ! v exub]ance ( _! g5ius made its expression *aotic4 ,:]e e m9d 0 s fre% & e tongue s clev] no sci5tific tradition c\ld arise1 & no labori\s applications c\ld be made to te/ ! value ( rival notions & decide betwe5 !m4 ,m5 ( sci5ce 7 m]e philosoph]s4 ,ea* began1 n :]e 8 pr$ecessor _h end$1 b at ! v beg9n+4 ,ano!r circum/ance t imp$$ ! gr[? ( sci5ce 0 ! =5sic & rhetorical turn prop] to ,greek intellig5ce4 ,?is m5tal habit gave a trem5d\s advantage 9 philosophy to ! morali/ & poet ov] ! naturali/ or ma!matician4 ,h5ce :at surviv$ 9 ,greece aft] ! heyday ( !oretic a*ievem5t 0 *iefly philosophies ( life1 & ^!--at ! dea? ( lib]ty--grew daily m p]sonal & ascetic4 ,au?ority 9 sci5tific matt]s clung *iefly to ,plato & ,ari/otle1 & ?is n = ! sake ( _! incomp>able moral philosophy--= 9 e?ics t decad5t age pref]r$ ! ,/oics & ,epicureans--b j = ^? rhetorical exp$i5ts :i* 9 ! ,socratic s*ool took ! place ( natural sci5ce4 ,worse influ5ces 9 ?is field c\ld h>dly be imag9$1 s9ce ,plato's physics ends 9 my? & apologue1 :ile ,ari/otle's ends 9 nom5clature & teleology4 ,all t rema9$ ( ,greek physics1 !re=e1 0 ! conception ( :at physics %\ld be--a great a*ievem5t due to ! e>li] ?9k]s--& c]ta9 h9ts & guesses 9 t field4 ,! elem5ts ( geometry _h also be5 =mulat$1 :ile ! ,socratic s*ool bequea!d to po/]ity a well-develop$ gr\p ( moral sci5ces1 rational 9 pr9ciple1 b de/9$ to be soon ov]laid ) metaphysical & religi\s accretions1 s t ! dialectical n]ve & reasonabl5ess ( !m 7 oblit]at$1 & !re surviv$ only miscellane\s conclusions1 fragm5ts ( wisdom built topsy-turvy into ! new my?ical edifice4 ,x is ! sad task res]v$ = hi/orical criticism to deta* ^? sculptur$ /ones f ! r\gh mass 9 :i* !y h be5 emb$d$ & to re>range !m 9 _! pri/9e ord]1 ?us r$iscov]+ ! inn] ,socratic pr9ciple ( moral philosophy1 :i* is no?+ b self-k--a circumspect1 sy/ematic utt]ance ( ! speak]'s m9d1 disclos+ 8 implicit mean+ & 8 ultimate pref]5ces4 ,sid5ote3 ,its timid reappe>ance 9 mod]n times4 ,at its second bir? sci5ce took a v diff]5t =m4 ,x left cosmic !ories to pan!i/ic en?usia/s l ,giordano ,bruno1 :ile 9 sob] labori\s circles x conf9$ itself to specific discov]ies--! e>?'s r\ndness & motion ab\t ! sun1 ! laws ( me*anics1 ! developm5t & application ( algebra1 ! inv5tion ( ! calculus1 & a hundr$ o!r /eps =w>d 9 v>i\s discipl9es4 ,x 0 a pati5t siege laid to ! tru?1 :i* 0 approa*$ bl9dly & )\t a g5]al1 z by an army ( ants2 x 0 n /orm$ imag9atively z by ! anci5t ,ionians1 :o _h rea*$ at once ! notion ( nature's dynamic unity1 b _h neglect$ to take possession 9 detail ( ! int]v5+ tracts1 :5ce res\rces might be drawn 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! ma9 position4 ,nev]!less1 z discov]ies accumulat$1 !y fell ins5sibly into a sy/em1 & philosoph]s l ,desc>tes & ,newton arriv$ at a g5]al physics4 ,?is physics1 h[ev]1 0 n yet meant to cov] ! :ole exi/5t _w1 or to be ! g5etic acc\nt ( all ?+s 9 _! sy/em4 ,desc>tes exclud$ f 8 physics ! :ole m5tal & moral _w1 :i* became1 s f> z 8 sci5ce w5t1 an inexplicable add5dum4 ,simil>ly ,newton's me*anical pr9ciples1 broad z !y 71 7 conceiv$ by him m]ely z a p>5!sis 9 !ology4 ,n until ! n9ete5? c5tury 7 ! obs]vations t _h be5 accumulat$ giv5 _! full value or 9 fact und]/ood2 = ,sp9oza's sy/em1 ?\gh naturali/ic 9 _s1 0 /ill dialectical 9 =m1 & _h no influ5ce on sci5ce & = a long "t little ev5 on speculation4 ,inde$ ! conception ( a natural ord]1 l ! ,greek cosmos1 :i* %all include all exi/5ces--gods no less ?an m51 if gods actually exi/--is "o n yet curr5t1 al?\gh x is impli$ 9 e sci5tific explanation & is fav\r$ by two p[]ful contempor>y movem5ts :i*1 com+ f diff]5t qu>t]s1 are lead+ m5's m9ds back to ! same anci5t & obvi\s naturalism4 ,"o ( ^! movem5ts is ! philosophy ( evolution1 to :i* ,d>w9 gave su* an irresi/ible impetus4 ,! o!r is !ology itself1 :]e x has be5 emancipat$ f au?ority & has set to "w to squ>e m5's consci5ce ) hi/ory & exp]i5ce4 ,?is !ology has g5]ally pass$ into speculative idealism1 :i* "u ano!r "n recognises ! univ]sal empire ( law & conceives man's life z an incid5t 9 a prodigi\s natural process1 by :i* 8 m9d & 8 int]e/s are produc$ & dev\r$4 ,?is 8idealism0 is 9 tru? a sy/em ( immat]ial physics1 l t ( ,py?agoras or ,h]aclitus4 ,:ile x works ) fanta/ic & %ift+ categories1 :i* no pla9 naturali/ w\ld c>e to use1 x has no?+ to apply ^? categories to except :at ! naturali/ or hi/orian may already h discov]$ & express$ 9 ! categories ( common prose4 ,g]man idealism is a translation ( physical evolution into my?ical language1 :i* pres5ts ! facts n[ 9 ! guise ( a dialectical progression1 n[ 9 t ( a romantic drama4 ,9 ei!r case ! facts are ! same1 & j ^? :i* positive k has come ^u4 ,?us _m :o are n br\ght to naturalism by sci5ce are br\ght to x1 q unwill+ly & unaw>es1 by _! religi\s speculations4 ,sid5ote3 ,di/9ction betwe5 sci5ce & my?4 ,! gulf t yawns betwe5 su* ideali/ic cosmogonies & a true physics may s]ve to make cle> ! div]g5ce 9 pr9ciple :i* ev]y:]e divides natural sci5ce f arbitr>y conceptions ( ?+s4 ,?is div]g5ce is z f> z possible f ly+ 9 ! m]it ( ! two sorts ( !ory4 ,_! m]it1 & ! g5ius & obs]vation requir$ to frame !m1 may well be equal1 or an imag9ative sy/em may h ! advantage 9 ^! respects4 ,x may ev5 be m s]viceable = a :ile & h great] pragmatic value1 s long z k is at be/ fragm5t>y1 & no consecutive or total view ( ?+s is attempt$ by ei!r p>ty4 ,?us 9 social life a psy*ology express$ 9 t]ms ( ab/ract faculties & p]sonifi$ passions may well c>ry a man f>!r ?an a physiological psy*ology w\ld4 ,or1 aga91 we may say t !re 0 m exp]i5ce & love ( nature en%r9$ 9 anci5t my?ology ?an 9 anci5t physics2 ! obs]vant poet might !n h f>$ bett] 9 ! _w ?an ! p]t & ignorant mat]iali/4 ,nor does ! diff]5ce betwe5 sci5ce & my? lie 9 ! fact t ! "o is ess5tially less speculative ?an ! o!r4 ,!y are diff]5tly speculative1 x is true1 s9ce my? t]m9ates 9 unv]ifiable notions t might by *ance repres5t actual exi/5ces2 :ile sci5ce t]m9ates 9 concepts or laws1 !mselves n possibly exi/5t1 b v]ifi$ by recurr+ p>ticul> facts1 belong+ to ! same exp]i5ce z ^? f :i* ! !ory />t$4 ,sid5ote3 ,platonic /atus ( hypo!sis4 ,! laws =mulat$ by sci5ce--! transitive figm5ts describ+ ! relation betwe5 fact & fact--possess only a ,platonic sort ( reality4 ,!y are m real1 if y w1 ?an ! facts !mselves1 because !y are m p]man5t1 tru/wor?y1 & p]vasive2 b at ! same "t !y are1 if y w1 n real at all1 because !y are incompatible ) imm$iacy & ali5 to brute exi/5ce4 ,9 decl>+ :at is true ( exi/5ces !y altoge!r r5\nce exi/5ce on _! own behalf4 ,?is situation has made no end ( tr\ble 9 ill-balanc$ m9ds1 n docile to ! div]sities & free complexity ( ?+s1 b b5t on treat+ ev]y?+ by a s+le me?od4 ,!y h ask$ !mselves p]si/5tly ! confus+ "q :e!r ! matt] or ! =m ( ?+s is ! reality2 :]eas1 ( c\rse1 bo? elem5ts are ne$$1 ea* ) its incomm5surable k9d ( be+4 ,! mat]ial elem5t alone is exi/5t1 :ile ! ideal elem5t is ! sum ( all ^? propositions :i* are true ( :at exi/s mat]ially4 ,anybody's k ( ! tru?1 be+ a complex & fleet+ feel+1 is ( c\rse b a mom5t ( exi/5ce or mat]ial be+1 :i* :e!r f\nd 9 ,god or man is z f> z possible f be+ t tru? itself :i* x may succe$ 9 kn[+4 ,sid5ote3 ,mean+ ( v]ification4 ,! true contra/ betwe5 sci5ce & my? is m ne>ly t\*$ :5 we say t sci5ce alone is capable ( v]ification4 ,"s ambiguity1 h[ev]1 lurks 9 ?is phrase1 s9ce v]ification comes to a me?od only vic>i\sly1 :5 ! p>ticul>s x prophesies are realis$ 9 s5se4 ,to v]ify a !ory z if x 7 n a me?od b a div9ation ( occult exi/5ces w\ld be to turn ! !ory into a my? & !n to discov] t :at ! my? pictur$ _h1 by a miracle1 an actual exi/5ce also4 ,!re is accord+ly a s5se 9 :i* my? admits sub/antiation ( a k9d t sci5ce excludes4 ,! ,olympic hi]>*y might conceivably exi/ bodily2 b gravitation & natural selection1 be+ s*emes ( relation1 c nev] exi/ sub/antially & on _! own beho(4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,olympic hi]>*y1 ev5 if x happ5$ to exi/1 c\ld n be prov$ to d s unless x 7 a "p ( ! natural _w op5 to s5se2 :ile gravitation & natural selection1 )\t be+ exi/5ces1 c be v]ifi$ at e mom5t by concrete ev5ts occurr+ z ^? pr9ciples require4 ,a hypo!sis1 be+ a discursive device1 ga9s its utmo/ possible validity :5 its discursive value is e/abli%$4 ,x is n1 x m]ely applies2 & e situation 9 :i* x is f\nd to apply is a pro( ( its tru?4 ,! case w\ld n be diff]5t ) fables1 7 _! basis & mean+ rememb]$4 ,b fables1 :5 hypo/atis$1 =get t !y1 too1 7 transitive symbols & boa/ to reveal an undiscov]able reality4 ,a dogmatic my? is 9 ?is sorry plight3 t ! m evid5ce x c f9d to support x ! m x abrogates its metaphysical pret5sions1 :ile ! m x insi/s on its absolute tru? ! less relevance x has to exp]i5ce & ! less mean+4 ,to try to support fabul\s dogmas by evid5ce is tantam\nt to ackn[l$g+ t !y are m]ely sci5tific hypo!ses1 in/rum5ts ( disc\rse1 & me?ods ( expression4 ,b 9 t case _! tru? w\ld no long] be suppos$ to lie 9 ! fact t some:]e beyond ! range ( human obs]vation !y desc5d$ bodily to ! plane ( fly+ exi/5ce1 & 7 actually enact$ !re4 ,!y w\ld h ceas$ to resemble ! society ( ,olympus1 :i* to prove itself real w\ld ne$ to v]ify itself1 s9ce only ! gods & ^? mortals admitt$ to _! conclave c\ld "k = a fact t t cele/ial ga!r+ exi/$4 ,on ! contr>y1 a speculation t c\ld be support$ by evid5ce w\ld be "o t might be made good )\t itself desc5d+ to ! plane ( imm$iacy1 b w\ld be suffici5tly v]ifi$ :5 diffuse facts fall out z x _h l$ u to expect4 ,! my? 9 su* a case w\ld h become transp>5t aga9 & relevant to exp]i5ce1 :i* c\ld cont9ually s]ve to support or to correct x4 ,ev5 if some:at ov]load$ & poetical1 x w\ld be 9 ess5ce a sci5tific !ory4 ,x w\ld no long] t]m9ate 9 itself2 x w\ld po9t =w>d1 lead+ ! ?9k] t us$ x to ev5tual facts ( exp]i5ce1 facts :i* 8 poetic wisdom w\ld h prep>$ him to meet & to use4 ,sid5ote3 ,possible validity ( my?s4 ,if ,i say1 = in/ance1 t ,puni%m5t1 limp+ 9 "o leg1 pati5tly foll[s e crim9al1 ! my? is obvi\s & innoc5t en\gh4 ,x reveals no?+1 b1 :at is f> bett]1 x means some?+4 ,i h express$ a tru? ( exp]i5ce & po9t$ vaguely to ! c\rse :i* ev5ts may be expect$ to take "u giv5 circum/ances4 ,! expression1 ?\gh my?ical 9 =m1 is sci5tific 9 effect1 because x t5ds to surr\nd a giv5 ph5om5on 7! crime7 ) objects on its own plane--o!r passions & s5sations to foll[ ^u x4 ,:at w\ld be truly my?ical w\ld be to /op at ! figure ( spee* & ma9ta91 by way ( reveal$ dogma1 t a lame goddess ( v9dictive m9d actually foll[s e wick$ man1 h] sword pois$ 9 mid-air4 ,s9k+ into t rev]ie1 & trembl+ at its pa9t$ tru?1 ,i %\ld be pass+ to ! undiscov]able & =gett+ ! h>d bl[s actually await+ me 9 ! _w4 ,fable1 deta9+ ! m9d too long 9 ! me% ( expression1 w\ld h become metaphysical dogma4 ,i %\ld h connect$ ! giv5 fact ) imag9$ facts1 :i* ev5 if by *ance real--= su* a goddess may1 = all we "k1 actually float 9 ! f\r? dim5sion--are q sup]num]>y 9 my _w1 & nev]1 by any possibility1 c become p>ts or ext5sions ( ! exp]i5ce !y are ?\ght to expla94 ,! gods are demon/rable only z hypo!ses1 b z hypo!ses !y are n gods4 ,sid5ote3 ,any dream$-( ?+ might be exp]i5c$4 ,! same di/9ction is sometimes express$ by say+ t sci5ce deals only ) objects ( possible exp]i5ce4 ,b ?is expression is un=tunate1 because ev]y?+ ?9kable1 no matt] h[ my?ical & sup]natural or h[ f> beyond ! range ( mortal s5ses1 is an object ( possible exp]i5ce4 ,tritons & sea-horses might obs]ve "o ano!r & might feel !mselves live4 ,! ?\ghts & decrees said to occupy ! div9e m9d f all et]nity w\ld c]ta9ly be ph5om5a !re2 !y w\ld be exp]i5c$ ?+s4 ,7 fables really z metaphysical & vision>y z !y pret5d to be1 7 !y n all ! :ile & 9 ess5ce m]e symbols = natural situations1 !y w\ld be no?+ b reports ab\t o!r alleg$ p>ts ( exp]i5ce4 ,a real ,triton1 a real ,creator1 a real heav5 w\ld obvi\sly be objects op5 to prop]ly equipp$ s5ses & seats ( mu* vivid exp]i5ce4 ,b a ,triton aft] all has some?+ to d ) ! gean & o!r e>?ly wat]s2 a ,creator has some?+ to d ) ! orig9 ( man & ( 8 habitat2 heav5 has some?+ to d ) ! motives & rew>ds ( moral action4 ,?is relevance to giv5 exp]i5ce & its objects is :at cuts ^? my?s (f f _! blameless & gratuit\s rle ( report+ exp]i5ces t might be go+ on m]rily en\gh some:]e else 9 ! univ]se4 ,9 call+ !m my?s & d5y+ t :at !y describe falls )9 ! purview ( sci5ce1 we d n ass]t t1 absolutely tak51 !y c\ld n be objects ( a possible exp]i5ce4 ,:at we mean is r t no matt] h[ long we se>*$ ! sea waves1 9 :i* x is ! ess5ce ( our ,tritons to disport !mselves1 we %\ld nev] f9d ,tritons !re2 & t if we trac$ back ! hi/ory ( man & nature we %\ld f9d !m always pass+ by natural g5]ation out ( slightly diff]5t e>li] =ms & nev] appe>+ sudd5ly1 at ! fiat ( a vehem5t ,jehovah swimm+ ab\t 9 a *aos2 & f9ally t if we consid]$ critically our motives & our ideals1 we %\ld f9d !m spr++ f & direct$ ^u a natural life & its functions1 & n at all on a disembodi$ & timeless ec/asy4 ,^? my?s1 !n1 :ile !y intr9sically ref] to facts 9 ! giv5 _w1 describe ^? facts 9 incongru\s t]ms4 ,!y are symbols1 n ext5sions1 = ! exp]i5ce we "k4 ,sid5ote3 ,b sci5ce foll[s ! movem5t ( its subject-matt]4 ,a *ief *>act]i/ic ( sci5ce1 !n1 is t 9 supplem5t+ giv5 facts x supplem5ts !m by add+ o!r facts belong+ to ! same sph]e1 & ev5tually discov]able by trac+ ! giv5 object 9 its own plane ?r\gh its cont9u\s trans=mations4 ,sci5ce exp&s speculatively1 by ! aid ( m]ely in/rum5tal hypo!ses1 objects giv5 9 p]ception until !y compose a congru\s1 self-support+ _w1 all p>ts ( :i* might be obs]v$ consecutively4 ,:at a sci5tific hypo!sis int]polates among ! giv5 facts--! atomic /ructure ( ?+s1 = in/ance--might come 9 "t "u ! direct fire ( att5tion1 fix$ m scrupul\sly1 long]1 or ) bett] in/rum5ts ^u ^? facts !mselves4 ,o!rwise ! hypo!sis t assum$ t /ructure w\ld be simply false1 j z a hypo!sis t ! int]ior ( ! e>? is full ( molt5 fire w\ld be false if on inspection no?+ 7 f\nd !re b solid rock4 ,sci5ce does n m]ely prolong a habit ( inf]5ce2 x v]ifies & solves ! inf]5ce by rea*+ ! fact inf]r$4 ,! contra/ ) my? at ?is po9t is v int]e/+2 = 9 my? ! facts are !mselves made vehicles1 & k is felt to t]m9ate 9 an indep5d5t exi/5ce on a high] or deep] level ?an any imm$iate fact2 & ?is circum/ance is :at makes my? impossible to v]ify &1 except by laught]1 to disprove4 ,if ,i attribut$ ! />s' %9+ to ! dilig5ce ( angels :o light$ _! lamps at sunset1 le/ ! upp] rea*es ( ! _w %\ld gr[ dang]\s = travell]s1 & if ,i made my romance elaborate & +5i\s en\gh1 ,i might possibly f9d t ! />s' appe>ance & disappe>ance c\ld cont9ue to be int]pret$ 9 t way4 ,my my? might always sugge/ itself afre% & might be p]5nially appropriate4 ,b x w\ld nev] desc5d1 ) its *>m+ figures1 into ! company ( its evid5ces4 ,x w\ld nev] prove t :at x t]m9at$ 9 0 a fact1 z 9 my metaphysical fai? ,i _h deput$ & ass]t$ x to be4 ,! angels w\ld rema9 notional1 :ile my int5t 0 to h !m exi/2 s t ! m e>ne/ly ,i held to my fable ! m griev\sly %\ld ,i be deceiv$4 ,= ev5 if s]aphic *oirs exi/$ 9 pl5ty on _! own emotional or musical plane ( be+1 x w\ld n h be5 _! h&s--if !y _h h&s--t w\ld h light$ ! />s ,i saw2 & ?is1 aft] all1 0 ! gi/ & />t+-po9t ( my :ole fable & its sole witness 9 my _w4 ,a my? might by *ance be a revelation1 did :at x talks ( h an actual exi/5ce some:]e else 9 ! univ]se2 b x w\ld ne$ to be a revelation 9 ord] to be true at all1 & w\ld !n be true only 9 an undes]v$ & spuri\s fa%ion4 ,any repres5tative & provable validity :i* x might possess w\ld assimulate x to sci5ce & r$uce x to a m]e vehicle & in/rum5t = human disc\rse4 ,x w\ld evaporate z soon z ! prophecies x made 7 fulfill$1 & x w\ld claim no be+ & no wor%ip on its own acc\nt4 ,sci5ce might accord+ly be call$ a my? consci\s ( its ess5tial ideality1 r$uc$ to its fight+ weight & valu$ only = its significance4 ,sid5ote3 ,moral value ( sci5ce4 ,a symptom ( ! div]g5ce betwe5 my? & sci5ce may be f\nd 9 ! contr>y emotions :i* !y involve4 ,s9ce 9 my? we int]pret exp]i5ce 9 ord] to int]pret x1 9 ord] to delight ourselves by turn+ x poetically into ! language & prosody ( our own life1 ! emotion we feel :5 we succe$ is arti/ic2 my? has a dramatic *>m4 ,s9ce 9 sci5ce1 on ! contr>y1 we employ notional ma*9]y1 9 itself p]haps indiff]5t en\gh1 9 ord] to arrive at ev5tual facts & to conceive ! aspect :i* giv5 ?+s w\ld actually we> f a diff]5t po9t ( view 9 space or "t1 ! emotion we feel :5 we succe$ is t ( security & intellectual dom9ion2 sci5ce has a rational value4 ,to see bett] :at we n[ see1 to see by anticipation :at we %\ld see actually "u o!r conditions1 is wond]fully to satisfy curiosity & to enlight5 conduct4 ,at ! same "t1 sci5tific ?9k+ involves no less inw>d excitem5t ?an dramatic fiction does4 ,x summons be=e u an ev5 l>g] numb] ( objects 9 _! fatal direction ^u our int]e/s4 ,7 sci5ce adequate x w\ld inde$ absorb ^? passions :i* n[1 s9ce !y mu/ be satisfi$ someh[1 h to be satisfi$ by dramatic my?s4 ,to imag9e h[ ?+s might h be5 w\ld be nei!r int]e/+ nor possible if we knew fully h[ ?+s are4 ,all p]t95t dramatic emotion1 joy\s or tragic1 w\ld !n inh]e 9 practical k4 ,z x is1 h[ev]1 sci5ce ab/racts f ! m musical ov]tones ( ?+s 9 ord] to trace ! gross & basal processes )9 !m2 s t ! pursuit ( sci5ce seems comp>atively dry & labori\s1 except :]e at mom5ts ! vi/a op5s ?r\gh to ! ultimate or leads back to ! imm$iate4 ,!n1 p]haps1 we recognise t 9 sci5ce we are survey+ all x conc]ns u to "k1 & 9 s do+ are becom+ all t x pr(its u to be4 ,m]e amusem5t 9 ?\ght z 9 sportive action is t$i\s & illib]al3 x m>ks a temp]am5t s imp]fectly educat$ t x pref]s idle to significant play & a flimsy to a solid idea4 ,sid5ote3 ,its cont9uity ) common k4 ,! fact t sci5ce foll[s ! subject-matt] 9 its own movem5t involves a fur!r consequ5ce3 sci5ce diff]s f common k 9 scope only1 n 9 nature4 ,:5 intellig5ce arises1 :5 ! flux ( ?+s beg9s to be mitigat$ by repres5tation ( x & objects are at la/ fix$ & recognisable1 !re is sci5ce4 ,= ev5 "h1 9 ! pres5ce ( a datum some?+ virtual & pot5tial is call$ up1 namely1 :at ! giv5 ?+ 0 a mom5t ago1 :at x is gr[+ into1 or :at x is contra/$ ) 9 "*4 ,z ,i walk r\nd a tree1 ,i le>n t ! p>ts /ill visible1 ^? t h j disappe>$ & ^? n[ com+ into view1 are cont9u\s & belong to ! same tree4 ,?is decl>ation1 ?\gh dialectic might f9d _m a m>e's ne/ 9 its language1 is a safe & obvi\s en\gh expression ( k4 ,x involves t]ms1 h[ev]1 :i* are 9 ! act ( becom+ pot5tial4 ,:at is j pa/1 :at is j com+1 ?\gh s5sibly cont9u\s ) :at is pres5t1 are p>tially infect$ ) non5tity4 ,aft] a :ile human appreh5sion c rea* !m only by inf]5ce1 & to c\nt ^u !m is frankly to rely on !ory4 ,! o!r side ( ! tree1 :i* common s5se affirms to exi/ unconditionally1 w h to be repres5t$ 9 memory or fancy2 & x may nev] actually be obs]v$ by any mortal4 ,yet1 if ,i cont9u$ my r\nd1 ,i %\ld actually obs]ve x & "k x by exp]i5ce2 & ,i %\ld f9d t x _h ! same /atus z ! p>ts n[ se51 & 0 cont9u\s ) !m4 ,my ass]tion t x exi/s1 :ile c]ta9ly !oretical & p]haps false1 is accord+ly sci5tific 9 type4 ,sci5ce1 :5 x has no m scope ?an ?is1 is indi/+ui%able f common s5se4 ,! two become di/9ct only :5 ! facts inf]r$ _c be easily v]ifi$ or h n yet be5 m]g$ ) ! notion repres5t+ ! giv5 object 9 mo/ m5's m9ds4 ,:]e sci5ce rema9s consci\sly !oretical 7be+ z yet contra/$ ) ord9>y app]ception & curr5t ?\ght71 x is1 ideally consid]$1 a pis all]1 an exp$i5t to :i* a m9d mu/ h rec\rse :5 x lacks p[] & scope to hold all exp]i5ce 9 h& & to view ! wide _w 9 its g5u9e imm$iacy4 ,z oblivesc5ce is a gradual dea?1 prop] to a be+ n ideally ma/] ( ! univ]sal flux1 b swamp$ )9 x1 s sci5ce is an artificial life1 9 :i* :at _c be p]ceiv$ directly 7because p]sonal limitations =bid7 may be reg>d$ ab/ractly1 yet efficaci\sly1 9 :at we ?9k & d4 ,) bett] faculties ! field ( possible exp]i5ce c\ld be bett] dom9at$1 & few] ( its p>ts1 be+ hidd5 f sight1 w\ld ne$ to be mapp$ out symbolically on t sort ( projection :i* we call sci5tific inf]5ce4 ,! real relations betwe5 ! p>ts ( nature w\ld !n be giv5 9 intuition1 f :i* hypo!sis1 aft] all1 has borr[$ its s*emata4 ,sid5ote3 ,its intellectual ess5ce4 ,sci5ce is a half-way h\se betwe5 private s5sation & univ]sal vision4 ,we %\ld n =get to add1 h[ev]1 t ! univ]sal vision 9 "q1 if x 7 to be some?+ bett] ?an private s5sation or passive feel+ 9 great] bulk1 w\ld h to be intellectual1 j z sci5ce is2 t is1 x w\ld h to be practical & to survey ! flux f a giv5 /&po9t1 9 a p]spective det]m9$ by special & local int]e/s4 ,o!rwise ! :ole _w1 :5 kn[n1 w\ld m]ely be re-enact$ 9 its bl9d imm$iacy )\t be+ und]/ood or subject$ to any purpose4 ,! critics ( sci5ce1 :5 end[$ ) any speculative p[]1 h always se5 t :at is hypo!tical & ab/ract 9 sci5tific me?od is someh[ s]vile & provisional2 sci5ce be+ a sort ( telegraphic wire ?r\gh :i* a meagre report rea*es u ( ?+s we w\ld fa9 obs]ve & live ?r\gh 9 _! full reality4 ,?is report may suffice = approximately fit action2 x does n suffice = ideal k ( ! tru? nor = adequate sympa?y ) ! reality4 ,:at commonly escapes speculative critics ( sci5ce1 h[ev]1 is t 9 transc5d+ hypo!sis & rea*+ imm$iacy aga9 we %\ld run a great risk ( ab&on+ k & sympa?y altoge!r2 = if we became :at we n[ repres5t s imp]fectly1 we %\ld evid5tly no long] repres5t x at all4 ,we %\ld n1 at ! end ( our lab\rs1 h at all enri*$ our own m9ds by adequate k ( :at surr\nds u1 nor made our wills j 9 view ( ali5 b well-consid]$ int]e/s4 ,we %\ld h lo/ our own ess5ce & sub/itut$ = x1 n some?+ high] ?an indiscrim9ate be+1 b only indiscrim9ate be+ 9 its flat1 bl9d1 & selfi% inf9ity4 ,! ideality1 ! repres5tative faculty1 w\ld h gone out 9 our s\ls1 & our p]fect$ humanity w\ld h br\ght u back to protoplasm4 ,9 transc5d+ sci5ce1 !re=e1 we mu/ n hope to transc5d k1 nor 9 transc5d+ selfi%ness to aboli% f9itude4 ,f9itude is ! indisp5sable condition ( unselfi%ness z well z ( selfi%ness1 & ( speculative vision no less ?an ( hypo!tical k4 ,! defect ( sci5ce is t x is inadequate or ab/ract1 t ! acc\nt x gives ( ?+s is n full & s5su\s en\gh2 b its m]it is t1 l s5se1 x makes ext]nal be+ pres5t to a creature t is conc]n$ 9 adju/+ itself to its environm5t1 & in=ms t creature ab\t ?+s o!r ?an itself4 ,sci5ce1 if br\ght to p]fection1 w\ld n lose its repres5tative or ideal ess5ce4 ,x w\ld /ill survey & in=m1 b x w\ld survey ev]y?+ at once & in=m ! be+ x enlight5$ ab\t all t c\ld affect its int]e/s4 ,x w\ld ?us rema9 practical 9 effect & speculative 9 "*4 ,9 los+ its accid5tal limitations x w\ld n lose its initial bias1 its vital function4 ,x w\ld cont9ue to be a rational activity1 guid+ & p]fect+ a natural be+4 ,p]fect k ( ?+s w\ld be z f> z possible f id5tify+ ! kn[] ) !m1 see+ t = ! mo/ "p--ev5 :5 we call !m human--!y h no k ( !mselves4 ,sci5ce1 accord+ly1 ev5 :5 imp]fect1 is a trem5d\s advance on absorption 9 s5se & a dull imm$iacy4 ,x beg9s to enri* ! m9d & gives x "s inkl+1 at lea/1 ( t ideal dom9ion :i* ea* c5tre ( exp]i5ce might h if x _h le>n$ to reg>d all o!rs1 & ! relation connect+ x ) !m1 bo? 9 ?\ght & 9 action4 ,ideal k w\ld be an inw>d /ate correspond+ to a p]fect adju/m5t ( ! body to all =ces affect+ x4 ,if ! adju/m5t 0 p]fect ! inw>d /ate w\ld reg>d e detail 9 ! objects envisag$1 b x w\ld see ^? details 9 a p]spective ( its own1 add+ to sympa!tic reproduction ( !m a consci\sness ( _! relation to its own exi/5ce & p]fection4 ,sid5ote3 ,unity ( sci5ce4 ,! fact t sci5ce expresses ! "* & relation ( objects 9 _! own t]ms has a fur!r important consequ5ce1 :i* s]ves aga9 to di/+ui% sci5ce f metaphorical ?9k+4 ,if a man tries to illu/rate ! nature ( a ?+ by assimilat+ x to some?+ else :i* he happ5s to h 9 m9d at ! same "t1 x is obvi\s t a second man1 ^: m9d is diff]5tly furni%$1 may assimilate ! same object to a q diff]5t idea3 s my?s are c5trifugal1 & ! m elaborate & delicate !y are ! m !y div]ge1 l well-develop$ languages4 ,! rude beg9n+s ( my? 9 e age & c\ntry be> a c]ta9 resemblance1 because ! facts int]pret$ are simil> & ! m9ds read+ !m h n yet develop$ _! special gramm> ( repres5tation4 ,b two highly develop$ my?ical sy/ems--two !ologies1 = in/ance1 l ! ,greek & ! ,indian--w gr[ e day f>!r & f>!r ap>t4 ,sci5ce1 on ! contr>y1 :atev] x may />t )1 runs back into ! same circle ( facts1 because x foll[s ! lead ( ! subject-matt]1 & is att5tive to its inh]5t trans=mations4 ,if m5's fund ( initial p]ceptions1 !n1 is alike1 _! sci5ce is sure to be s2 :ile ! embroid]ies !y make ^u p]ception out ( _! own res\rces w diff] z mu* z d ! m5 !mselves4 ,m5 asleep1 said ,h]aclitus1 live ea* 9 8 own _w1 b awake !y live 9 ! same _w toge!r4 ,to be awake is no?+ b to be dream+ "u control ( ! object2 x is to be pursu+ sci5ce to ! comp>ative exclusion ( m]e m5tal vegetation & spontane\s my?4 ,?us if our objects are ! same1 our sci5ce & our wak+ lives w co9cide2 or if !re is a natural div]sity 9 our discov]ies1 because we occupy diff]5t po9ts 9 space & "t & h a v>y+ range ( exp]i5ce1 ^! div]sities w nev]!less supplem5t "o ano!r2 ! discov]y t ea* has made w be a possible discov]y = ! o!rs also4 ,s a geograph] 9 ,*9a & "o 9 ,babylonia may at fir/ make :olly unlike maps2 b 9 "t bo? w take note ( ! ,himalayas1 & ! side ea* approa*es w slope up to ! v cre/ approa*$ by ! o!r4 ,s sci5ce is self-confirm+1 & its mo/ disp>ate bran*es are mutually illum9at+2 :ile 9 ! realm ( my?1 until x is survey$ sci5tifically1 !re c be no?+ b mutual repulsion & incapacity to und]/&4 ,languages & religions are necess>ily rivals1 b sci5ces are necess>ily allies4 ,sid5ote3 ,9 exi/5ce1 judg$ by reflection1 !re is a m>g9 ( wa/e4 ,! unity ( sci5ce c rea* no f>!r ?an does coh]5t exp]i5ce2 & ?\gh coh]5ce be a condition ( exp]i5ce 9 ! m pregnant s5se ( ! ^w--9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! *ild or ! fool has no exp]i5ce--exi/5ce is absolutely free to bloom z x likes1 & no logic c set limits or prescribe times = its irresponsible pres5ce4 ,a great deal may accord+ly exi/ :i* _c be kn[n by sci5ce1 or be rea*$ f ! outside at all4 ,?is fact p]haps expla9s :y sci5ce has z yet tak5 s little root 9 human life3 = ev5 )9 ! limits ( human exi/5ce1 :i* are tol]ably n>r[1 !re is probably no little incoh]5ce1 no little laps+ into :at1 f any o!r po9t ( view1 is inconceivable & undiscov]able4 ,sci5ce1 = in/ance1 c h>dly rea* ! cata/rophes & delights1 (t5 s vivid1 :i* occur 9 dreams2 = ev5 if a physiological psy*ology %\ld "s day be able to f9d ! causes ( ^! ph5om5a1 & s to pr$ict !m1 x w\ld nev] ent] ! dream-_w p]suasively1 9 a way t ! dream] c\ld appreciate & und]/&1 :ile he cont9u$ to dream4 ,?is is because t dream-_w & ! wak+ _w pres5t two disjo9t$ l&scapes1 & ! figures !y conta9 belong to q diff]5t g5ealogies--l ! families ( ,zeus & ( ,abraham4 ,sci5ce is a great discipl9>ian1 & misses mu* ( ! sport :i* ! absolute is free to indulge 94 ,if !re is no inn] congruity & communion betwe5 two fields1 sci5ce _c survey !m bo?2 at be/ 9 trac+ ! /ructure ( ?+s pres5t$ 9 "o ( !m1 x may come ^u "s detail :i* may (f] a basis or lodgm5t = ! entire fabric ( ! o!r1 :i* w ?us be expla9$ ab extra2 z ! *ildr5 ( ,abraham might give an explanation = ,zeus & 8 prog5y1 treat+ !m z a ph5om5on 9 ! b5ight$ m9ds ( "s ( ,japhet's *ildr54 ,?is br+s ! ,olympian _w )9 ! purview ( sci5ce1 b does s ) a v bad grace4 ,= suppose ! ,olympian gods really exi/$--& !re is no?+ impossible 9 t supposition--!y w\ld n be all[$ to h any sci5ce ( _! own2 or if !y did1 x w\ld ?reat5 ! *ildr5 ( ,abraham ) ! same imput$ unreality ) :i* ! latt] boa/ to h ext+ui%$ ,olympus4 ,9 ord]1 !n1 t two regions ( exi/5ce %\ld be am5able to a sci5ce common to bo? & e/abli%+ a mutual rational repres5tation betwe5 !m1 x is requisite t ! two regions %\ld be congru\s 9 texture & cont9u\s inw>dly3 ! objects pres5t 9 ea* mu/ be trans=mations ( ! objects pres5t 9 ! o!r4 ,z ?is condition is n always fulfill$1 ev5 )9 a man's p]sonal =tunes1 x is impossible t all he goes ?r\gh %\ld be ma/]$ by sci5ce or %\ld accrue to him ideally & become "p ( 8 fund$ exp]i5ce4 ,mu* mu/ be lo/1 left to itself1 & resign$ to ! unpr(itable flux t produc$ x4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ces conv]ge f diff]5t po9ts ( orig94 ,a consequ5ce ( ?is incoh]5ce 9 exp]i5ce is t sci5ce is n absolutely s+le b spr+s up 9 v>i\s places at once1 z a c]ta9 consi/5cy or me?od becomes visible 9 ?is or t direction4 ,^! indep5d5t sci5ces might1 conceivably1 nev] meet at all2 ea* might "w out an entirely diff]5t aspect ( ?+s & cross ! o!r1 z x 71 at a diff]5t level4 ,?is actually happ5s1 = in/ance1 9 ma!matics z comp>$ ) hi/ory or psy*ology1 & 9 morals z comp>$ ) physics4 ,nev]!less1 ! fact t ^! v>i\s sci5ces are all human1 & t "h1 = in/ance1 we are able to m5tion !m 9 "o brea? & to comp>e _! natures1 is pro( t _! sph]es t\* someh[1 ev5 if only p]iph]ally4 ,s9ce common k1 :i* kn[s ( !m all1 is itself an incipi5t sci5ce1 we may be sure t "s cont9uity & "s congruity obta9s betwe5 _! prov9ces4 ,"s aspect ( ea* mu/ co9cide ) "s aspect ( "s o!r1 else nobody :o pursu$ any "o sci5ce w\ld s mu* z suspect ! exi/5ce ( ! re/4 ,great z may be ! av]sion ( le>n$ m5 to "o ano!r1 & compreh5sive z may be _! ignorance1 !y are n positively compell$ to live 9 solit>y conf9em5t1 & ! key ( _! prison cells is at lea/ 9 _! own pocket4 ,sid5ote3 ,two *ief k9ds ( sci5ce1 physics & dialectic4 ,"s sci5ces1 l *emi/ry & biology1 or biology & an?ropology1 are p>t$ only1 we presume1 by accid5tal gaps 9 human k2 a m m9ute & bett] direct$ /udy ( ^! fields w\ld d\btless disclose _! cont9uity ) ! fields adjo9+4 ,b !re is "o g5]al division 9 sci5ce :i* cuts almo/ to ! roots ( human exp]i5ce4 ,human und]/&+ has us$ f ! beg9n+ a d\ble me?od ( survey+ & arre/+ ideally ! irrep>able flux ( be+4 ,"o exp$i5t has be5 to notice & id5tify simil>ities ( "*1 recurr5t types1 9 ! ph5om5a t pass be=e x or 9 its own op]ations2 ! o!r exp$i5t has be5 to note & comb9e 9 "o complex object *>act]s :i* occur & reappe> toge!r4 ,! latt] feat :i* is made easy by ! fact t :5 v>i\s s5ses are /imulat$ at once ! inw>d in/9ctive reaction--:i* is felt by a primitive m9d m p[]fully ?an any ext]nal image--is "o & n consci\sly divisible4 ,! fir/ exp$i5t imposes on ! flux :at we call ideas1 :i* are concretions 9 disc\rse1 t]ms employ$ 9 ?\ght & language4 ,! second exp$i5t sep>ates ! same flux into :at we call ?+s1 :i* are concretions 9 exi/5ce1 complexes ( qualities subsi/+ 9 space & "t1 hav+ def9able dynamic relations !re & a traceable hi/ory4 ,c>ry+ out ?is primitive div]sity 9 reflection sci5ce has mov$ 9 two diff]5t directions4 ,by ref9+ concretions 9 disc\rse x has atta9$ to ma!matics1 logic1 & ! dialectical developm5ts ( e?ics2 by trac+ concretions 9 exi/5ce x has rea*$ ! v>i\s natural & hi/orical sci5ces4 ,foll[+ anci5t usage1 ,i %all take ! lib]ty ( call+ ! :ole gr\p ( sci5ces :i* elaborates ideas dialectic1 & ! :ole gr\p t describes exi/5ces physics4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ideal sci5ce or dialectic & natural sci5ce or physics is z great z ! und]/&+ ( a s+le exp]i5ce c\ld well af=d2 yet ! two k9ds ( sci5ce are f> f indep5d5t4 ,!y t\* at _! basis & !y co-op]ate 9 _! results4 ,7 dialectic made cle>] or physics deep] ?an x commonly is1 ^! po9ts ( contact w\ld d\btless be multipli$2 b ev5 z !y /& !y furni% a suffici5t illu/ration ( ! pr9ciple t all sci5ce develops objects 9 _! own category & gives ! m9d dom9ion ov] ! flux ( matt] by discov]+ its =m4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! mutual implication4 ,t physics & dialectic t\* at _! basis may be %[n by a d\ble analysis4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is cle> t ! sci5ce ( exi/5ce1 l all sci5ce1 is itself disc\rse1 & t be=e concretions 9 exi/5ce c be discov]$1 & gr\ps ( coexi/5t qualities c be recognis$1 ^! qualities !mselves mu/ be arre/$ by ! m9d1 not$1 & id5tifi$ 9 _! recurr5ces4 ,b ^! t]ms1 b&i$ ab\t 9 sci5tific disc\rse1 are s _m ess5ces & pure ideas3 s t ! inmo/ texture ( natural sci5ce is logical1 & ! :ole =ce ( any obs]vation made ^u ! out] _w lies 9 ! con/ancy & mutual relations ( ! t]ms x is made 94 ,if d[n did n mean d[n & motion motion1 ,newton c\ld nev] h tak5 note ( ! fall ( 8 apple4 ,n[ ! con/ancy & relation ( mean+s is some?+ meant1 x is some?+ creat$ by insight & int5t & is altoge!r dialectical2 s t ! sci5ce ( exi/5ce is a portion ( ! art ( disc\rse4 ,on ! o!r h& disc\rse1 9 its op]ation1 is a "p ( exi/5ce4 ,t tru? or logical cog5cy is n itself an exi/5ce c be prov$ dialectically1,a & is obvi\s to any "o :o sees = a mom5t :at tru? means1 especially if he rememb]s at ! same "t t all exi/5ce is mutable1 :i* x is ! ess5ce ( tru? n to be4 ,b ! k or discov]y ( tru? is an ev5t 9 "t1 an incid5t 9 ! flux ( exi/5ce1 & !re=e a matt] = natural sci5ce to /udy4 ,fur!rmore1 e t]m :i* dialectic uses is orig9ally giv5 embodi$2 9 o!r words1 x is giv5 z an elem5t 9 ! actual flux1 x conies by illu/ration4 ,?\gh mean+ is ! object ( an ideal function1 & signification is inw>dly appreciable only 9 t]ms ( signification1 yet ! ideal leap is made f a mat]ial datum3 t 9 :i* signification is se5 is a fact4 ,or to /ate ! matt] some:at diff]5tly1 tru? is n self-g5]at+2 if x 7 x w\ld be a falsehood4 ,its et]nity1 & ! inf9itude ( propositions x conta9s1 rema9 pot5tial & unapproa*able until _! incid5ce is f\nd 9 exi/5ce4 ,=m _c ( itself decide :i* ( all possible =ms %all be real2 9 _! ideality1 & )\t ref]5ce to _! illu/ration 9 ?+s1 all consi/5t propositions w\ld be equally valid & equally trivial4 ,important tru? is tru? ab\t some?+1 n tru? ab\t tru?2 & al?\gh a s+le datum might suffice to give foo?old & p]t95ce to an inf9ity ( tru?s1 z "o atom w\ld posit all geometry1 geometry1 if !re 7 no space1 w\ld be1 if ,i may say s1 all ( ! f\r? dim5sion1 & ari?metic1 if !re 7 no pulses or *asms 9 be+1 w\ld be all algebra4 ,tru? dep5ds ^u facts = its p]spective1 s9ce facts select tru?s & decide :i* tru?s %all be m]e possibilities & :i* %all be ! et]nal =ms ( actual ?+s4 ,! dialectical _w w\ld be a trackless des]t if ! exi/5t _w _h no arbitr>y con/itution4 ,liv+ dialectic comes to cl>ify exi/5ce2 x turns into mean+s ! actual =ms ( ?+s by reflect+ ^u !m1 & by mak+ !m int5d$ subjects ( disc\rse4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! co-op]ation4 ,dialectic & physics1 ?us unit$ at _! basis1 meet aga9 9 _! results4 ,9 me*anical sci5ce1 :i* is ! be/ "p ( physics1 ma!matics1 :i* is ! be/ "p ( dialectic1 plays a pr$om9ant rle2 x furni%es ! :ole me?od ( und]/&+ :]ev] !re is any real und]/&+ at all4 ,9 psy*ology & hi/ory1 too1 al?\gh dialectic is soon *ok$ by ! cross-curr5ts ( nature1 x furni%es ! little p]spicu\sness :i* !re is4 ,we und]/& actions & m5tal developm5ts :5 ! purposes or ideas conta9$ 9 any /age are c>ri$ out logically 9 ! sequel2 x is :5 conduct & gr[? are rational1 t is1 :5 !y are dialectical1 t we ?9k we h f\nd ! true secret & significance ( !m4 ,x is ! evid5t ideal ( physics1 9 e dep>tm5t1 to atta9 su* an insight into causes t ! effects actually giv5 may be !nce d$uc$2 & d$uction is ano!r "n = dialectic4 ,to be sure1 ! dialectic applicable to mat]ial processes & to human life is "o 9 :i* ! t]ms & ! categories ne$$ are /ill exce$+ly num]\s & vague3 a little logic is all t c be read into ! cat>act ( ev5ts4 ,b ! hope ( sci5ce1 a hope :i* is support$ by e success x scores1 is t a simpl] law ?an has yet be5 discov]$ w be f\nd to connect units subtl] ?an ^? yet kn[n2 & t 9 ^! f9] t]ms ! univ]sal me*anism may be exhau/ively r5d]$4 ,me*anism is ! ideal ( physics1 because x is ! infusion ( a maximum ( ma!matical necessity into ! flux ( real ?+s4 ,x is ! aspiration ( natural sci5ce to be z dialectical z possible1 & ?us1 9 _! ideal1 bo? bran*es ( sci5ce are br\ght toge!r4 ,t ! ideal ( dialectic is to apply to exi/5ce & !reby to co9cide ) physics is 9 a s5se no less true1 al?\gh dialecticians may be little incl9$ to confess x4 ,! direct purpose ( d$uction is to elucidate an idea1 to develop an import1 & no?+ c be m irrelevant 9 ?is sci5ce ?an :e!r ! conclusion is v]ifi$ 9 nature or n4 ,b ! direct purpose ( dialectic is n its ultimate ju/ification4 ,dialectic is a human pursuit & has1 at bottom1 a moral function2 o!rwise1 at bottom1 x w\ld h no value4 ,& ! moral function & ultimate ju/ification ( dialectic is to fur!r ! ,life ( ,reason1 9 :i* human ?\ght has ! maximum practical validity1 & may enjoy 9 consequ5ce ! ri*e/ ideal developm5t4 ,if dialectic takes a turn :i* makes x inapplicable 9 physics1 :i* makes x wor?less = ma/]+ exp]i5ce1 x loses all its dignity3 = ab/ract cog5cy has no dignity if ! subject-matt] into :i* x is introduc$ is trivial4 ,9 fact1 7 dialectic a game 9 :i* ! c\nt]s 7 n actual data & ! conclusions 7 n possible pr9ciples = und]/&+ exi/5ce1 x w\ld n be a sci5ce at all4 ,x w\ld resemble a c\nt]feit pap] curr5cy1 )\t intr9sic value & )\t comm]cial conv5i5ce4 ,j z a fact )\t implications is n a "p ( sci5ce1 s a me?od )\t application w\ld n be4 ,! free excursions ( dialectic into non-natural regions may be wisely enc\rag$ :5 !y satisfy an int]e/ :i* is at bottom heal?y & may1 at lea/ indirectly1 br+ ) x excell5t fruits4 ,z musicians are an hon\r to society1 s are dialecticians t h a s+le he>t & an exquisite pati5ce4 ,b someh[ ! b5efit mu/ r$\nd to society & to practical k1 or ^! ab/ract$ h]mits w seem at fir/ useless & at la/ mad4 ,! logic ( nons5se has a subtle *>m only because x c s easily be turn$ into ! logic ( common s5se4 ,empty dialectic is1 z x 71 ! ballet ( sci5ce3 x runs mo/ neatly aft] no?+ at all4 ,sid5ote3 ,no sci5ce a priori4 ,bo? physics & dialectic are conta9$ 9 common k1 & :5 c>ri$ fur!r ?an m5 c>ry !m daily life ^! sci5ces rema9 ess5tially inevitable & ess5tially fallible4 ,if sci5ce des]ves respect1 x is n = be+ oracul> b = be+ useful & delightful1 z see+ is4 ,und]/&+ is no?+ b see+ "u & see+ f>4 ,!re is inde$ a great my/]y 9 k1 b ?is my/]y is pres5t 9 ! simple/ memory or presumption4 ,! sci5ces h no?+ to supply m fundam5tal ?an vulg> ?9k+ or1 z x 71 prelim9>y to x4 ,!y are simply elaborations ( x2 !y accept its pre-suppositions & c>ry on its ord9>y processes4 ,a pret5ce on ! philosoph]'s "p t he c\ld get beh9d or bel[ human ?9k+1 t he c\ld und]p91 s to speak1 8 own *ildhood & ! inh]5t conv5tions ( daily ?\ght1 w\ld be pure impo/ure4 ,a philosoph] c ( c\rse inve/igate ! hi/ory ( k1 he c analyse its me?od & po9t out its assumptions2 b he _c "k by o!r au?ority ?an t :i* ! vulg> "k by1 nor c 8 k beg9 ) o!r unhe>d-( objects or deploy itself 9 advance ov] an esot]ic field4 ,e deep] inve/igation presupposes ord9>y p]ception & uses "s at lea/ ( its data4 ,e possible discov]y ext5ds human k4 ,none c base human k anew on a deep] f\ndation or prefix an ante-exp]im5tal episode to exp]i5ce4 ,we may con/ruct a !ory z dis9tegrat+ z we please ab\t ! dialectical or empirical conditions ( ! exp]i5ce giv52 we may disclose its logical /ratification or physical antec$5ts2 b e idea & pr9ciple us$ 9 su* a !ory mu/ be borr[$ f curr5t k z x happ5s to lie 9 ! philosoph]'s m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,role ( criticism4 ,if ^! speculative adv5tures d n turn out well1 ! sci5tific man is free to turn ab\t & become ! critic & satiri/ ( 8 foil$ ambitions4 ,he may exhau/ scepticism & )draw into ! citadel ( imm$iate feel+1 yield+ ba/ion aft] ba/ion to ! assaults ( d\bt4 ,:5 he is at la/ p]fectly safe f error & r$uc$ to spee*less s5sibility1 he w p]ceive1 h[ev]1 t he is also wa%$ clean ( e practical belief3 he w\ld decl>e himself univ]sally ignorant b = a d\bt :e!r !re be really any?+ to "k4 ,?is metaphysical ex]cise is simply "o ( ^? 8fall+s f u1 vani%+s1 blank misgiv+s ( a creature mov+ ab\t 9 worlds n realis$0 :i* may visit any *ild4 ,s long z ! susp5sion ( judgm5t la/s1 k is surely n increas$2 b :5 we rememb] t ! enemy to :om we h surr5d]$ is b a gho/ ( our own evok+1 we easily reoccupy ! lo/ gr\nd & fall back into an ord9>y po/ure ( belief & expectation4 ,?is recov]$ fai? has no new evid5ces to re/ on4 ,we simply /& :]e we /ood be=e we began to philosophise1 only ) a bett] k ( ! l9es we are hold+ & p]haps ) less incl9ation to give !m up aga9 = no bett] reason ?an ! und\bt$ fact t1 9 a speculative s5se1 x is always possible to r5\nce !m4 ,sci5ce1 !n1 is ! att5tive consid]ation ( common exp]i5ce2 x is common k ext5d$ & ref9$4 ,its validity is ( ! same ord] z t ( ord9>y p]ception1 memory1 & und]/&+4 ,its te/ is f\nd1 l !irs1 9 actual intuition1 :i* sometimes consi/s 9 p]ception & sometimes 9 int5t4 ,! flight ( sci5ce is m]ely long] f p]ception to p]ception1 & its d$uction m accurate ( mean+ f mean+ & purpose f purpose4 ,x g5]ates 9 ! m9d1 = ea* vulg> obs]vation1 a :ole brood ( sugge/ions1 hypo!ses1 & inf]5ces4 ,! sci5ces be/[1 z is "r & fitt+1 inf9ite pa9s ^u t exp]i5ce :i* 9 _! abs5ce w\ld drift by un*all5g$ or misund]/ood4 ,!y take note1 inf]1 & prophesy4 ,!y comp>e prophecy ) ev5t2 & altoge!r !y supply--s int5t are !y on reality--e imag9able backgr\nd & ext5sion = ! pres5t dream4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,a3 ,= in/ance1 9 ,plato's 8,p>m5ides10 :]e x is %[n t ! ideas are n 9 ! m9d4 ,we may ga!r f :at is !re said t ! ideas _c be id5tifi$ ) any embodim5t ( !m1 h[ev] p]fect1 s9ce an idea means a nature common to all its possible embodim5ts & rema9s always outside ( !m4 ,?is is :at ,plato meant by say+ t ! ideas lay ap>t f ph5om5a & 7 :at !y 7 9 & = !mselves4 ,!y 7 m]e =ms & n1 z a mat]ialis$ ,platonism aft]w>d fanci$1 images 9 ! m9d ( "s psy*ological deity4 ,! gods d\btless "k ! ideas1 z ,plato tells u 9 ! same place3 ^! are ! common object ( _! ?\ght & ( ours2 h5ce !y are n anybody's ?9k+ process1 :i* ( c\rse w\ld be 9 flux & ph5om5al4 ,only by be+ ideal 7i4e41 by be+ a goal ( intellectual en]gy & no "p ( s5su\s exi/5ce7 c a t]m be common to v>i\s m9ds & s]ve to make _! deliv]ances p]t95t to "o ano!r4 ,t tru? is no exi/5ce might also be prov$ z foll[s3 ,suppose t no?+ exi/$ or 7if critics c>p at t phrase71 t a univ]se did n exi/4 ,x w\ld !n be true t all exi/5ces 7 want+1 yet ?is tru? itself w\ld endure2 !re=e tru? is n an exi/5ce4 ,an attempt might be made to rev]se ?is argum5t by say+ t s9ce x w\ld /ill 8be0 true t no?+ exi/$1 ! supposition is self-contradictory1 = ! tru? w\ld 8be0 or exi/ 9 any case4 ,tru? w\ld ?us be turn$ into an op9ion1 suppos$ to subsi/ et]nally 9 ! e!r4 ,! argum5t1 h[ev]1 is a bad sophism1 because x falsifies ! int5t ( ! t]ms us$4 ,somebody's op9ion is n :at is meant by ! tru?1 s9ce e op9ion1 h[ev] long-liv$1 may be false4 ,fur!rmore1 ! notion t x might h be5 true t no?+ exi/$ is a p]fectly cle> notion4 ,! nature ( dialectic is entirely corrupt$ :5 s9c]ity is lo/4 ,no int5t c be self-contradictory1 s9ce x fixes its own object1 b a man may easily contradict himself by wav]+ betwe5 "o int5t & ano!r4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,hi/ory ,sid5ote3 ,hi/ory an artificial memory4 ,! lea/ artificial ext5sion ( common k is hi/ory4 ,p]sonal recollection supplies _m an anecdote1 anecdotes collect$ & freely comm5t$ ^u make up memoirs1 & memoirs happily comb9$ make n ! lea/ int]e/+ sort ( hi/ory4 ,:5 a man recalls any episode 9 8 c>e]1 describes ! m5 t fl\ri%$ 9 8 y\?1 or lam5ts ! *anges t h s9ce tak5 place1 he is an in=mal hi/orian4 ,he w\ld become "o 9 a =mal & te*nical s5se if he supplem5t$ & controll$ 8 memory by ransack+ pap]s1 & tak+ elaborate pa9s to ga!r evid5ce on ! ev5ts he wi%$ to relate4 ,?is sy/ematic inve/igation1 especially :5 x goes back to fir/ s\rces1 wid5s ! basis = imag9ative recon/ruction4 ,x buttresses some:at ! frail body ( casual facts t 9 ! fir/ in/ance may h engag$ an individual's att5tion4 ,hi/ory is no?+ b assi/$ & record$ memory4 ,x might almo/ be said to be no sci5ce at all1 if memory & fai? 9 memory 7 n :at sci5ce necess>ily re/s on4 ,9 ord] to sift evid5ce we mu/ rely on "s witness1 & we mu/ tru/ exp]i5ce be=e we proce$ to exp& x4 ,! l9e betwe5 :at is kn[n sci5tifically & :at has to be assum$ 9 ord] to support t k is impossible to draw4 ,memory itself is an int]nal rum\r2 & :5 to ?is he>say )9 ! m9d we add ! falsifi$ e*oes t rea* u f o!rs1 we h b a %ift+ & unseizable basis to build ^u4 ,! picture we frame ( ! pa/ *anges cont9ually & gr[s e day less simil> to ! orig9al exp]i5ce :i* x purports to describe4 ,sid5ote3 ,second sight requires control4 ,x is true t memory sometimes1 z 9 a vision1 seems to raise ! curta9 ^u ! pa/ & re/ore x to u 9 its pri/9e reality4 ,we may imag9e at su* mom5ts exp]i5ce c nev] really p]i%1 b1 ?\gh hidd5 by *ance f ! rov+ eye1 endures et]nally 9 "s spiritual sph]e4 ,su* bodily recov]y ( ! pa/1 h[ev]1 l o!r telepa?ic visions1 c nev] prove its own tru?4 ,a lapse into by-gone p]ception1 a s5se ( liv+ ! pa/ ov] ) all its vivid m9uti & trivial concomitants1 might involve no true repetition ( any?+ t _h previ\sly exi/$4 ,x might be a fre% exp]i5ce altoge!r4 ,! s5se ( kn[+ con/itutes only a work+ presumption = exp]im5t to />t )2 until corroboration comes t presumption c claim no respect f ! outsid]4 ,sid5ote3 ,nature ! !me common to v>i\s memories4 ,:ile memory rema9s a private presumption1 !re=e1 x c be comp>$ ) no?+ else t might te/ its v]acity4 ,only :5 memory is express$ &1 9 ! common field ( expression1 f9ds itself corroborat$ by ano!r memory1 does x rise some:at 9 dignity & approa* sci5tific k4 ,two presumptions1 :5 !y co9cide1 make a d\ble assurance4 ,:ile memory1 !n1 is ! basis ( all hi/orical k1 x is n call$ hi/ory until x ent]s a field :]e x c be support$ or correct$ by evid5ce4 ,?is field is t natural _w :i* all exp]i5ces1 9 s f> z !y are rational1 envisage toge!r4 ,ass]tions relat+ to ev5ts 9 t _w c corroborate or contradict "o ano!r--some?+ t w\ld be impossible if ea* memory1 l ! plot ( a novel1 mov$ 9 a sph]e ( its own4 ,= memory to meet memory1 ! two mu/ pres5t objects :i* are simil> or cont9u\s3 !n !y c corroborate or correct ea* o!r & help to fix ! ord] ( ev5ts z !y really happ5$--t is1 z !y happ5$ indep5d5tly ( :at ei!r memory may *ance to repres5t4 ,?us ev5 ! mo/ miracul\s & direct recov]y ( ! pa/ ne$s corroboration if x is to be sy/ematically cr$it$2 b to receive corroboration x mu/ ref] to "s ev5t 9 nature1 9 t common _w 9 space & "t to :i* o!r memories & p]ceptions may ref] also4 ,9 becom+ hi/ory1 !re=e1 memory becomes a portion ( natural sci5ce4 ,its ass]tions are su* t any natural sci5ce may conceivably support or contradict !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,gr[? ( leg5d4 ,nature & its trans=mations1 h[ev]1 =m too s]ri$ & complicat$ a sy/em = our wayw>d m9ds to dom9ate if left to _! spontane\s work+s4 ,:atev] is rememb]$ or conceiv$ is at fir/ vaguely believ$ to h its place 9 ! natural ord]1 all my? & fable be+ orig9ally localis$ )9 ! conf9es ( ! mat]ial _w & made to pass = a "p ( e>ly hi/ory4 ,! me?od by :i* k ( ! pa/ is pres]v$ is s subject to imag9ative influ5ce t x _c avail to exclude f hi/ory any?+ t ! imag9ation may supply4 ,9 ! gr[? ( leg5d a dramatic rhy?m becomes m & m m>k$4 ,:at falls 9 ) ?is rhy?m is reproduc$ & acc5tuat$ :5ev] ! tra9 ( memory is />t$ anew4 ,! abs5ce ( su* cad5ces w\ld leave a s5sible gap--a gap :i* ! mom5tum ( ideation is quick to fill up ) "s appropriate image4 ,:atev]1 on ! o!r h&1 _c be incorporat$ into ! dom9ant r\nd ( fancies is consign$ m & m to oblivion4 ,?is consolidation ( leg5d is n int5tional4 ,x is +5u\s & = ! mo/ "p inevitable4 ,:5 we muse ab\t our own pa/ we are consci\s ( no ef=t to give x dramatic unity2 on ! contr>y1 ! excitem5t & int]e/ ( ! process consi/ 9 seem+ to discov] ! hidd5 eloqu5ce & mean+ ( ! ev5ts !mselves4 ,:5 a man ( exp]i5ce n>rates ! wond]s he has se51 we li/5 ) a c]ta9 awe1 & believe 9 him = 8 miracles z we believe 9 our own memory = its arts4 ,a b>d's me*anical & rituali/ic habits usually put all judgm5t on 8 own "p to sleep2 :ile ! sanctity attribut$ to ! tale1 z x becomes automatically m impressive1 precludes t9k]+ ) x int5tionally4 ,especially ! allegories & m>vels ) :i* e>ly hi/ory is adorn$ are n ord9>ily inv5t$ ) malice prep5se4 ,!y are r discov]$ 9 ! m9d1 l a f\ndl+1 betwe5 night & morn+4 ,!y are div9ely v\*saf$4 ,ea* "t ! tale is retold x suff]s a v>iation :i* is n *all5g$1 s9ce x is memory itself t has v>i$4 ,! *ange is discov]able only if "s record ( ! n>rative 9 its =m] guise1 or "s physical memorial ( ! ev5t relat$1 survives to be confront$ ) ! modifi$ v]sion4 ,! modifi$ v]sion itself c make no comp>isons4 ,x m]ely inh]its ! "n & au?ority ( its ance/or4 ,! innoc5t poet believes 8 own lies4 ,leg5ds consequ5tly acquire a consid]able eloqu5ce & dramatic =ce4 ,^! beauties accrue spontane\sly1 because rhy?m & ideal p]t95ce1 9 :i* poetic m]it l>gely lies1 are natural =mative pr9ciples = spee* & memory4 ,z symmetry 9 mat]ial /ructures is a gr\nd = /r5g?1 & hills by erosion are worn to pyramids1 s x is 9 ?\ghts4 ,yet ! /ability atta9$ is n absolute1 b only su* /ability z ! circum/ances require4 ,dramatic effect is n ev]y:]e a*iev$1 nor is x miss$ by ! n>rator :]e x is want+1 s t ev5 ! olde/ & be/-prun$ leg5ds are full ( irrelevant survivals1 contradictions1 & scraps ( nons5se4 ,^! lit]>y blemi%es are l emb$d$ fossils & tell ( facts :i* ! me*anism ( reproduction1 = "s casual reason1 has n oblit]at$4 ,! record] ( v]bal tradition religi\sly sets d[n its inconsi/5cies & leaves 9 ! transfigur$ *ronicle _m tell-tale incid5ts & rem>ks :i*1 l atrophi$ organs 9 an animal body1 reveal its gradual =mation4 ,art & a delib]ate pursuit ( unction or beauty w\ld h ?r[n ov] ?is baggage4 ,! automatic & pi\s m9/rel c>ries x ) him to ! end4 ,sid5ote3 ,no hi/ory )\t docum5ts4 ,= ^! reasons !re c be no s]i\s hi/ory until !re are ar*ives & pres]v$ records1 al?\gh sometimes a man 9 a privileg$ position may compose int]e/+ essays on ! ev5ts & p]sons ( 8 own "t1 z 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce has pres5t$ !m to him4 ,ar*ives & records1 moreov]1 d n absolve a speculative hi/orian f pay+ ! same toll to ! dramatic unities & mak+ ! same concessions to ! laws ( p]spective :i*1 9 ! abs5ce ( docum5ts1 turn tradition s soon into epic poetry4 ,! pr9ciple t elicits hi/ories out ( records is ! same t bre$s leg5ds out ( rememb]$ ev5ts4 ,9 bo? cases ! facts are automatically =e%ort5$ & made to clu/]1 z x 7 provid5tially1 ab\t a *os5 int]e/4 ,! hi/orian's politics1 philosophy1 or romantic imag9ation furni%es a vital nucleus = reflection4 ,all t falls )9 t p>ticul> vortex is includ$ 9 ! m5tal picture1 ! re/ is pass$ ov] & t5ds to drop out ( sight4 ,x is n possible to say1 nor to ?9k1 ev]y?+ at once2 & ! private int]e/ :i* guides a man 9 select+ 8 mat]ials imposes itself inevitably on ! ev5ts he relates & especially on _! gr\p+ & significance4 ,hi/ory is always writt5 wrong1 & s always ne$s to be rewritt54 ,! conditions ( expression & ev5 ( memory dragoon ! facts & put a false front on diffuse exp]i5ce4 ,:at is int]e/+ is br\ght =w>d z if x _h be5 c5tral & efficaci\s 9 ! m>* ( ev5ts1 & h>monies are turn$ into causes4 ,k+s & g5]als are end[$ ) motives appropriate to :at ! hi/orian values 9 _! actions2 plans are imput$ to !m prophetic ( _! actual a*ievem5ts1 :ile ! ?\ghts t really preoccupi$ !m rema9 buri$ 9 absolute oblivion4 ,su* falsification is inevitable1 & an hone/ hi/orian is guilty ( x only aga9/ 8 w4 ,he w\ld wi%1 z he loves ! tru?1 to see & to r5d] x entire4 ,b ! limits ( 8 book & ( 8 k =ce him to be p>tial4 ,x is only a v great m9d1 season$ by l>ge wisdom1 t c l5d su* an acc5t & su* a c>ry+-p[] to a few facts z to make !m repres5tative ( all reality4 ,sid5ote3 ,! aim is tru?4 ,"s hi/orians1 inde$1 are s frankly p>tisan or cynical t !y av[$ly write hi/ory ) a view to effect1 ei!r political or lit]>y4 ,moralis+ hi/orians belong to ?is s*ool1 z well z ^? philosoph]s :o wor%ip evolution4 ,!y sket* e situation ) malice & twi/ x1 z if x 7 an argum5t1 to br+ out a po9t1 mu* z fa%ionable portrait-pa9t]s sometimes sur*>ge ! *>act]i/ic1 9 ord] to make a bold effect at a m9imum exp5se ( "t & devotion4 ,& yet ! truly memorable aspect ( a man is t :i* he we>s 9 ! sunlight ( common day1 ) all 8 g5]ic humanity ^u him4 ,8 mo/ int]e/+ phase is n t :i* he might assume "u ! lime-light ( satirical or lit]>y comp>isons4 ,! *>act]i/ic is aft] all ! iness5tial4 ,x m>ks a p]iph]al v>iation 9 ! hone/ & /urdy lump4 ,to cat* only ! he>tless %imm] ( individuality is to pa9t a co/ume )\t ! body t supports x4 ,!re=e a broad & noble hi/orian sets d[n all )9 8 app]ception4 ,8 lit]>y int]e/s are =gott52 he is :olly devot$ to express+ ! passions ( ! dead4 ,8 ideal1 emanat+ f 8 function & *os5 = no extrane\s reason1 is to make 8 h]oes ?9k & act z !y really ?\ght & act$ 9 ! _w4 ,nev]!less ! opposite happ5s1 sometimes to a m>k$ & ev5 sc&al\s degree4 ,z leg5d becomes 9 a few g5]ations prepo/]\s my?1 s hi/ory1 aft] a few reh&l+s & cond5sations1 becomes unblu%+ !ory4 ,n[ !ory--:5 we use ! ^w = a s*ema ( ?+s' relations & n = contemplation ( !m 9 _! detail & fulness--is an exp$i5t to cov] ignorance & rem$y confusion4 ,! function ( hi/ory1 if x c\ld be ?or\ghly fulfill$1 w\ld be to r5d] !ory unnecess>y4 ,did we possess a record ( all geological *anges s9ce ! creation we %\ld ne$ no geological !ory to sugge/ to u :at ^? *anges mu/ h be54 ,hypo!sis is l ! rule ( ?ree3 x comes into play only :5 "o ( ! t]ms is unkn[n & ne$s to be inf]r$ f ^? :i* are giv54 ,! ideal hi/orian1 s9ce he w\ld "k all ! facts1 w\ld ne$ no hypo!ses1 & s9ce he w\ld imag9e & hold all ev5ts toge!r 9 _! actual juxtapositions he w\ld ne$ no classifications4 ,! int5tions1 acts1 & antec$5ts ( e mortal w\ld be se5 9 _! precise places1 ) no imput$ qualities or scope2 & :5 ^? int5tions _h be5 9 fact fulfill$1 ! fulfilm5ts too w\ld occupy _! mode/ position 9 ! rank & file ( m>*+ exi/5ce4 ,to omnisci5ce ! idea ( cause & effect w\ld be un?9kable4 ,if all ?+s 7 p]ceiv$ toge!r & co-exi/$ = ?\ght1 z !y actually fl[ ?r\gh be+1 on "o flat ph5om5al level1 :at s5se w\ld !re be 9 say+ t "o elem5t _h compell$ ano!r to appe>8 ,! relation ( cause is an in/rum5t necess>y to ?\ght only :5 ?\ght is guid$ by presumption4 ,we say1 8,if ?is ?+ _h happ5$1 t o!r ?+ w\ld h foll[$0--a hypo!sis :i* w\ld lapse & become unmean+ _h we always kn[n all ! facts4 ,= no supposition contr>y to fact w\ld !n h ent]$ disc\rse4 ,sid5ote3 ,indirect me?ods ( atta9+ x4 ,?is ideal ( direct omnisci5ce is1 h[ev]1 impossible to atta92 n m]ely accid5tal frailties1 b ! v nature ( ?+s /&s 9 ! way4 ,exp]i5ce _c be susp5d$ or su/a9$ 9 be+1 because its v nucleus is mobile & 9 %ift+ _c reta9 its pa/ phases bodily1 b only at be/ "s trace or repres5tation ( !m4 ,memory itself is an exp$i5t by :i* :at is hopelessly lo/ 9 its totality may at lea/ be p>tly kept 9 its beauty or significance2 & exp]i5ce c be enl>g$ 9 no o!r way ?an by c>ry+ into ! mov+ pres5t ! lesson & transmitt$ habit ( mu* t is pa/4 ,hi/ory is naturally r$uc$ to simil> indirect me?ods ( recov]+ :at has laps$4 ,! hi/orian's object may be to br+ ! pa/ aga9 be=e ! m9d 9 all its liv+ reality1 b 9 pursu+ t object he is oblig$ to appeal to inf]5ce1 to g5]alisation1 & to dramatic fancy4 ,we may conv5i5tly di/+ui% 9 hi/ory1 z x is p]=ce writt5 by m51 ?ree di/9ct elem5ts1 :i* we may call hi/orical inve/igation1 hi/orical !ory1 & hi/orical romance4 ,sid5ote3 ,hi/orical rese>* a "p ( physics4 ,hi/orical inve/igation is ! natural sci5ce ( ! pa/4 ,! circum/ance t its docum5ts are usually lit]>y may some:at disguise ! physical "* & ! physical pr9ciples ( ?is sci5ce2 b :5 a man wi%es to discov] :at really happ5$ at a giv5 mom5t1 ev5 if ! ev5t 7 somebody's ?\ght2 he has to read 8 s\rces1 n = :at !y say1 b = :at !y imply4 ,9 o!r words1 ! witnesses _c be all[$ m]ely to speak = !mselves1 aft] ! gossip+ fa%ion famili> 9 ,h]odotus2 _! te/imony has to be int]pret$ accord+ to ! laws ( evid5ce4 ,! pa/ ne$s to be recon/ruct$ out ( reports1 z 9 geology or ar*ology x ne$s to be recon/ruct$ out ( /ratifications & ru9s4 ,a man's memory or ! report 9 a newspap] is a fact ju/ify+ c]ta9 inf]5ces ab\t its probable causes accord+ to laws :i* su* ph5om5a betray 9 ! pres5t :5 !y are closely scrut9is$4 ,?is recon/ruction is (t5 v difficult1 & sometimes all t c be e/abli%$ 9 ! end is m]ely t ! tradition be=e u is c]ta9ly false2 some:at z a p]plex$ geologi/ might v5ture on no conclusion except t ! /ate ( ! e>?'s cru/ 0 once v diff]5t f :at x is n[4 ,sid5ote3 ,v]ification "h indirect4 ,a natural sci5ce deal+ ) ! pa/ lab\rs "u ! disadvantage ( n be+ able to appeal to exp]im5t4 ,! facts x t]m9ates ^u _c be recov]$1 s t !y may v]ify 9 s5se ! hypo!sis t _h inf]r$ !m4 ,! hypo!sis c be te/$ only by curr5t ev5ts2 x is !n turn$ back ^u ! pa/1 to give assurance ( facts :i* !mselves are hypo!tical & rema9 hang+1 z x 71 to ! loose end ( ! hypo!sis itself4 ,a hypo!tical fact is a mo/ dang]\s creature1 s9ce x lives on ! cr$it ( a !ory :i* 9 turn w\ld be bankrupt if ! fact %\ld fail4 ,inf]r$ pa/ facts are m deceptive ?an facts prophesi$1 because :ile ! risk ( error 9 ! inf]5ce is ! same1 !re is no possibility ( discov]+ t error2 & ! hi/orian1 :ile really z speculative z ! prophet1 c nev] be f\nd out4 ,mo/ facts kn[n to man1 h[ev]1 are rea*$ by inf]5ce1 & _! reality may be wisely assum$ s long z ! pr9ciple by :i* !y are inf]r$1 :5 x is appli$ 9 ! pres5t1 f9ds complete & con/ant v]ification4 ,presumptions involv$ 9 memory & tradition give ! fir/ hypo!tical facts we c\nt ^u2 ! relations :i* ^! fir/ facts betray supply ! laws by :i* facts are to be concat5at$2 & ^! laws may !n be us$ to pass f ! fir/ hypo!tical facts to hypo!tical facts ( a second ord]1 =m+ a backgr\nd & congru\s ext5sion to ^? orig9ally assum$4 ,?is expansion ( discursive sci5ce c g on = ev]1 unless inde$ ! pr9ciples ( inf]5ce employ$ 9 x involve "s pres5t exi/5ce1 su* z a skeleton 9 a giv5 tomb1 :i* direct exp]i5ce fails to v]ify4 ,!n ! !ory itself is disprov$ & ! :ole galaxy ( hypo!tical facts :i* clu/]$ ab\t x =feit _! cr$ibility4 ,sid5ote3 ,futile ideal to survey all facts4 ,hi/orical inve/igation has = its aim to fix ! ord] & "* ( ev5ts ?r\gh\t pa/ "t 9 all places4 ,! task is frankly sup]human1 because no block ( real exi/5ce1 ) its inf9itesimal detail1 c be record$1 nor if someh[ record$ c\ld x be dom9at$ by ! m9d2 & to c>ry on a survey ( ?is social cont9uum ad inf9itum w\ld multiply ! difficulty4 ,! task might also be call$ infrahuman1 because ! sort ( omnisci5ce :i* su* complete hi/orical sci5ce w\ld a*ieve w\ld m]ely furni% mat]ials = intellig5ce3 x w\ld be inf]ior to intellig5ce itself4 ,!re are _m ?+s :i*1 z ,ari/otle says1 x is bett] n to "k ?an to "k--namely1 ^? ?+s :i* d n c\nt 9 controll+ ! m9d's =tunes nor ent] into its ideal expression4 ,su* is ! :ole flux ( imm$iate exp]i5ce 9 o!r m9ds or 9 "o's own pa/2 & j z x is bett] to =get ?an to rememb] a nightm>e or ! by-gone s5sations ( sea-sickness1 s x is bett] n to conceive ! s5su\s pulp ( ali5 exp]i5ce1 some?+ inf9ite 9 am\nt & insignificant 9 "*4 ,an attempt to rehe>se ! inn] life ( ev]ybody t has ev] liv$ w\ld be no rational endeav\r4 ,in/ead ( lift+ ! hi/orian above ! _w & mak+ him ! mo/ consummate ( creatures1 x w\ld flatt5 8 m9d out into a passive aft]-image ( diffuse exi/5ce1 ) all its horrible bl9dness1 /ra91 & monotony4 ,reason is n come to repeat ! univ]se b to fulfil x4 ,besides1 a complete survey ( ev5ts w\ld p]=ce regi/] all *anges t h tak5 place 9 matt] s9ce "t began1 ! fields ( geology1 a/ronomy1 palontology1 & ar*ology be+ all1 9 a s5se1 includ$ 9 hi/ory4 ,su* le>n+ w\ld dissolve ?\ght 9 a v]tigo1 if x _h n already p]i%$ ( bor$om4 ,hi/orical rese>* is accord+ly a s]vile sci5ce :i* may ent] ! ,life ( ,reason to p]=m !re "s incid5tal s]vice1 b :i* ought to lapse z soon z t s]vice is p]=m$4 ,sid5ote3 ,hi/orical !ory4 ,! pr(it ( /udy+ hi/ory lies 9 some?+ else ?an 9 a dead k ( :at happ5s to h happ5$4 ,a s$uctive alt]native might be to say t ! pr(it ( x lies 9 und]/&+ :at has happ5$1 9 p]ceiv+ ! pr9ciples & laws t gov]n social evolution1 or ! mean+ :i* ev5ts h4 ,we are h]eby laun*$ ^u a region ( physico-e?ical speculation :]e any man ) a g5ius = quick g5]alisation c swim at ease4 ,to f9d ! "o great cause :y ,borne fell1 especially if no "o has ev] ?\ght ( x be=e1 or to exp\nd ! true import ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 or to =mulate 9 limpid s5t5ces ! ess5ce ( ,greek culture--:at c\ld be m tempt+ or m purely lit]>y8 ,x w\ld ill become ! au?or ( ?is book to decry allegorical expressions1 or a cavali]like fa%ion ( dismiss+ :ole p]iods & t5d5cies ) a v]bal anti!sis4 ,we mu/ h ex]cises 9 app]ception1 a "w ( imag9ation mu/ be tak5 imag9atively1 & a l&scape pa9t] mu/ be suff]$ to be1 at 8 own risk1 z impressioni/ic z he w4 ,if ,raphael1 :5 he 0 design+ ! ,s*ool ( ,a!ns1 _h said to himself t ,ari/otle %\ld po9t d[n to a fact & ,plato up to a mean+1 or :5 design+ ! ,disputa _h conceiv$ t ! pr\de/ ( intellects1 we>y ( argum5t & le>n+1 %\ld ?r[ d[n 8 books & turn to revelation = guidance1 !re w\ld h be5 mu* hi/orical p]t95ce 9 ^? conceptions2 yet ! figures w\ld h be5 allegorical1 contract+ into a decorative design ev5ts t _h be5 disp]s$ ?r\gh c5turies & emotions t _h only cropp$ up "h & !re1 ) all mann] ( v>iations & alloys1 :5 ! p>ticul> natural situation _h made !m inevitable4 ,s ! ,r5aissance might be spok5 ( z a p]son & ! ,re=mation z h] /ep-si/]1 & some?+ might be add$ ab\t ! tr\bles ( _! home life2 b w\ld x be ne$ful 9 t case to ent] a w>n+ t ^! units 7 v]bal m]ely1 & t ! ph5om5a & ! =ces really at "w _h be5 multitud9\s & inf9itesimal8 ,sid5ote3 ,x is arbitr>y4 ,9 f9e1 hi/orical t]ms m>k m]ely rhetorical unities1 :i* h no dynamic cohesion1 & !re are no hi/orical laws :i* are n at bottom physical1 l ! laws ( habit--^? expressions ( ,newton's fir/ law ( motion4 ,an essayi/ may play ) hi/orical app]ception z long z he w & always f9d some?+ new to say1 discov]+ ! ideal n]ve & issue ( a movem5t 9 a diff]5t aspect ( ! facts4 ,! truly proportionate1 con/ant1 efficaci\s relations betwe5 ?+s w rema9 mat]ial4 ,physical causes trav]se ! moral units at :i* hi/ory /ops1 det]m9+ _! =ce & duration1 & ! ord]1 s irrelevant to int5t1 9 :i* !y succe$ "o ano!r4 ,ev5 ! s+le man's life & "* h subt]ranean s\rces2 h[ %\ld ! out] expression & influ5ce ( t "* h s\rces m sup]ficial ?an its own8 ,yet we _c trace me*anical necessity d[n to ! m /able units compos+ a p]sonal me*anism1 & mu* less1 !re=e1 to ^? compos+ a complex social evolution4 ,we accord+ly translate ! necessity1 obvi\sly lurk+ "u life's commonplace yet unacc\ntable %ocks1 into v]bal pr9ciples1 names = g5]al impressive results1 t play "s rle 9 our ideal philosophy4 ,ea* ( ^! idols ( ! !atre is visible only on a s+le /age & to duly pr$ispos$ spectators4 ,! next passion affect$ w ?r[ a diff]5tly col\r$ calcium light on ! same pageant1 & !re w be no end ( rival evolutions & incompatible ideal pr9ciples cross+ "o ano!r at e int]e/+ ev5t4 ,su* a manipulation ( hi/ory1 :5 made by p]sons :o und]e/imate _! imag9ative p[]s1 ends 9 ass]t+ t ev5ts h direct$ !mselves prophetically ^u ! int]e/s :i* !y ar\se4 ,ap>t f ! magic involv$ & ! mock]y ( all sci5ce1 !re is a difficulty "h :i* ev5 a dramatic ideali/ ought to feel4 ,! int]e/s affect$ are !mselves _m & contr>y4 ,if hi/ory is to be und]/ood teleologically1 :i* ( all ! possible ends x might be pursu+ %all we ?9k really end[$ ) regressive influ5ce & responsible = ! movem5t t is go+ to realise x8 ,did ,columbus1 = in/ance1 discov] ,am]ica s t ,george ,wa%+ton might exi/ & t "s day football & ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& may prevail ?r\gh\t ! _w8 ,or 0 x 7z has be5 s]i\sly ma9ta9$7 9 ord] t ! conv]t$ ,indians ( ,s\? ,am]ica might console ,sa9t ,pet] = ! defection ( ! ,briti% & ,g]mans8 ,or 0 ,am]ica1 z ,hegel believ$1 ideally sup]flu\s1 ! absolute hav+ become self-consci\s en\gh already 9 ,prussia8 ,or %all we say t ! real goal is at an inf9ite di/ance & unimag9able by u1 & useless1 !re=e1 = und]/&+ any?+8 ,9 tru?1 :atev] plausibility ! provid5tial view ( a giv5 occurr5ce may h is dep5d5t on ! curi\s limitation & selfi%ness ( ! obs]v]'s e/imations4 ,%eep are provid5tially design$ = m52 b :y n also = wolves1 & m5 = worms & microbes8 ,if ! hi/orian is will+ to accept su* a sugge/ion1 & to become a bl9d wor%ipp] ( success1 applaud+ e issue1 h[ev] lam5table = humanity1 & call+ x admirable trag$y1 he may seem = a :ile to save 8 !ory by mak+ x my/ical2 yet pres5tly ?is la/ illusion w be dissipat$ :5 he loses 8 way 9 ! maze & f9ds t all victors p]i% 9 _! turn & ev]y?+1 if y look f> en\gh1 falls back into ! inexorable vortex4 ,?is is ! sort ( obs]vation t ! ,indian sages made long ago2 x is :at r5d]s _! philosophy1 = all its practical impot5ce1 su* an irrefragable record ( exp]i5ce1 su* a sup]ior1 def9itive p]ception ( ! flux4 ,beside x1 our progresses ( two c5turies & our philosophies ( hi/ory1 embrac+ "o-qu>t] ( ! e>? = ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 seem pu]ile vi/as inde$4 ,%all all et]nity & all exi/5ce be = ! sake ( :at is happ5+ "h to-day1 & to me8 ,%all we /rive manfully to ! top ( ?is p>ticul> wave1 on ! gr\nd t its foam is ! culm9ation ( all ?+s = ev]8 ,!re is a s5se1 ( c\rse1 9 :i* def9ite political plans & moral aspirations may well be fulfill$ by ev5ts4 ,our ance/ors1 %>+ & anticipat+ our natures1 may h _h 9 _m respects our actual int]e/s 9 view1 z we may h ^? ( po/]ity4 ,su* ideal co-op]ation ext5ds f>1 :]e prim>y int]e/s are conc]n$2 x is r>] & m qualifi$ :]e a f9e & fragile organisation is requir$ to support ! common spiritual life4 ,ev5 9 ^! cases1 ! aim pursu$ & atta9$ is n ! =ce t op]ates1 s9ce ! result a*iev$ _h _m o!r conditions besides ! work]'s int5t1 & t int5t itself _h causes :i* x knew no?+ (4 ,e 8hi/orical =ce0 pomp\sly appeal$ to breaks up on inspection into a cat>act ( miscellane\s natural processes & m9ute p>ticul> causes4 ,x breaks into its me*anical con/itu5ts & proves to h be5 no?+ b an effet d'ensemble produc$ on a m9d ^: habits & categories are ess5tially rhetorical4 ,sid5ote3 ,a moral critique ( ! pa/ is possible4 ,?is sort ( false hi/ory or philosophy ( hi/ory might be purifi$1 l s _m o!r ?+s1 by self-k4 ,if ! philosoph] 9 review+ ev5ts confess$ t he 0 scrut9is+ !m 9 ord] to ab/ract f !m :atev] t5d$ to illu/rate 8 own ideals1 z he might look ov] a cr[d to f9d 8 fri5ds1 ! op]ation w\ld become a p]fectly legitimate "o4 ,! ev5ts !mselves w\ld be left = sci5tific inf]5ce to discov]1 :]e cr$ible reports did n te/ify to !m directly2 & ! causes ( ev5ts w\ld be left to "s !ory ( natural evolution1 to be /at$1 accord+ to ! degree ( k atta9$1 9 t]ms m & m exact & me*anical4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ! pa/ s def9$ imag9ation & w1 h[ev]1 w\ld n abdicate _! rights1 & a sort ( retrospective politics1 an e/imate ( ev5ts 9 ref]5ce to ! moral ideal :i* !y embodi$ or betray$1 might sup]v5e ^u positive hi/ory4 ,?is e/imate ( evolution might well be call$ a philosophy ( hi/ory1 s9ce x w\ld be a high] op]ation p]=m$ on ! results ( natural sci5ce1 to give a ne$ful basis & illu/ration to ! ideal4 ,! pres5t "w is an essay 9 t direction4 ,sid5ote3 ,h[ x might be j4 ,! ideal :i* 9 su* a review w\ld s]ve z ! t\*/one = e/imation1 if x 7 an enlight5$ ideal1 w\ld recognise its own natural basis1 & !re=e w\ld also recognise t "u o!r conditions o!r ideals1 no less legitimate1 may h aris5 & may h be5 made ! /&>d = a diff]5t judgm5t on ! _w4 ,hi/orical inve/igation1 7 its res\rces adequate1 w\ld reveal to u :at ^! v>i\s ideals h be54 ,e animal has 8 own1 & :5ev] individuals or nations h become reflective !y h kn[n h[ to give articulate expression to !irs4 ,t all ^! ideals c\ld n h be5 realis$ 9 turn or toge!r is an imm5se mis=tune1 ! irrem$iable half-trag$y ( life1 by :i* we also suff]4 ,9 e/imat+ ! measure ( success a*iev$ any:]e a lib]al hi/orian1 :o does n wi% to be bluntly irrational1 w ( c\rse e/imate x f all ^! po9ts ( view1 consid]+ all real int]e/s affect$1 9 s f> z he c appreciate !m4 ,?is is :at is meant by putt+ ! /&>d ( value1 n 9 "s arbitr>y p]sonal dogma b 9 a v>iegat$ omnipres5t happ9ess4 ,x is by no means requisite1 !re=e1 9 dis5tangl+ ! ,life ( ,reason1 to =esee :at ultimate =m ! good might "s day take1 mu* less to make ! purposes ( ! philosoph] himself1 8 "t1 or 8 nation ! te/ ( all excell5ce4 ,?is te/ is ! p]petual concomitant ideal ( ! life x is appli$ to4 ,z all c\ld n be well 9 ! _w if my own purposes 7 defeat$1 s ! g5]al excell5ce ( ?+s w\ld be height5$ if o!r m5's purposes also _h be5 fulfill$4 ,ea* w is a true c5tre = univ]sal e/imation4 ,z ea* w1 !re=e1 comes to expression1 real & irrev]sible values are introduc$ into ! _w1 & ! hi/orian1 9 e/imat+ :at has be5 hi!rto a*iev$1 ne$s to make himself ! spokesman = all pa/ aspirations4 ,if ! ,egyptian poets sang well1 ?\gh t conduces n at all to our advantage1 & ?\gh all ^? songs are n[ dumb1 ! ,life ( ,reason 0 !reby increas$ once = all 9 pi? & volume4 ,brief erratic exp]im5ts made 9 liv+1 if !y 7 some:at successful 9 _! day1 rema9 successes always3 & ?is is ! only k9d ( success t 9 ! end c be a*iev$ at all4 ,! philosoph] t looks = :at is good 9 hi/ory & measures ! pa/ by ! scale ( reason ne$ be no imp]t95t dogmati/ on t acc\nt4 ,reason w\ld n be reason b passion if x did n make all passions 9 all creatures con/itu5ts ( its own au?ority4 ,! judgm5ts x passes on exi/5ce are only ! judgm5ts :i* exi/5ce1 s f>1 has pass$ on itself1 & ^! are indelible & h _! proportionate weight ?\gh o!rs ( _m diff]5t types may surr\nd or succe$ !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,transition to hi/orical romance4 ,to inquire :at ev]ybody has ?\ght ab\t ! _w1 & into :at /range %apes e passionate dream w\ld fa9 h trans=m$ exi/5ce1 might be m]ely a "p ( hi/orical inve/igation4 ,^! facts ( pref]5ce & e/imation might be made to /& side by side ) all o!r facts 9 t absolute physical ord] :i* ! univ]se mu/ someh[ possess4 ,9 ! ref]5ce book ( sci5ce !y w\ld all f9d _! page & l9e4 ,b x is n = ! sake ( mak+ va9 k complete t hi/orians are apt to l+] ov] h]oic episodes & comm&+ *>act]s 9 ! _w's annals4 ,x is n ev5 9 ! hope ( discov]+ j to :at ext5t & 9 h[ _m directions exp]i5ce has be5 a trag$y4 ,! ma!matical balance ( failure & success1 ev5 if x c\ld be drawn ) accuracy1 w\ld n be a tru? ( moral importance1 s9ce :atev] t balance might be = ! _w at l>ge1 success & b5efit "h1 f ! liv+ po9t ( view1 w\ld be equally valid & delightful2 & h[ev] good or h[ev] bad ! univ]se may be x is always wor? :ile to make x bett]4 ,:at engages ! hi/orian 9 ! recon/ruction ( moral life1 su* z ! pa/ conta9$1 is t he f9ds 9 t life _m an illu/ration ( 8 own ideals1 or ev5 a necess>y /imulus 9 def9+ :at 8 ideals are4 ,:]e 8 admiration & 8 sympa?y are awak5$1 he sees noble aims & great a*ievem5ts1 wor?y ( be+ m9utely /udi$ & br\ght vividly be=e lat] g5]ations4 ,v probably he w be l$ by moral aff9ities ) c]ta9 phases ( ! pa/ to attribute to ^? phases1 9 _! ab/raction & by virtue ( _! moral dignity1 a mat]ial efficacy :i* !y did n really h2 & 8 int]e/ 9 hi/ory's moral w make him turn hi/ory itself into a fable4 ,?is abuse may be abat$1 h[ev]1 by hav+ rec\rse to imp>tial hi/orical inve/igation1 t w re/ore to ! h]o all 8 circum/antial impot5ce1 & to ! glori\s ev5t all its insignificant causes4 ,c]ta9 m5 & c]ta9 episodes w reta91 not)/&+1 _! intr9sic nobility2 & ! hi/orian1 :o is (t5 a politician & a poet r ?an a man ( sci5ce1 w dwell on ^? noble ?+s s z to quick5 8 own s5se = greatness & to burni% 9 8 s\l ideals t may h rema9$ obscure = want ( scrut9y or may h be5 t>ni%$ by too mu* contact ) a sordid _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,possibility ( g5u9e epics4 ,hi/ory s conceiv$ has ! function ( epic or dramatic poetry4 ,! moral life repres5t$ may actually h be5 liv$ ?r\gh2 b t circum/ance is incid5tal m]ely & :at makes ! /ory wor? tell+ is its p]t95ce to ! political or emotional life ( ! pres5t4 ,to revive pa/ moral exp]i5ce is inde$ wellnigh impossible unless ! liv+ w c /ill covet or dread ! same issues2 hi/orical romance _c be tru?ful or int]e/+ :5 pr(\nd *anges h tak5 place 9 human nature4 ,! report$ acts & s5tim5ts ( e>ly peoples lose _! tragic dignity 9 our eyes :5 !y lose _! p]t95ce to our own aims4 ,s t a recital ( hi/ory ) an eye to its dramatic values is possible only :5 t hi/ory is1 s to speak1 our own1 or :5 we assimilate x to ours by poetic lic5se4 ,! v>i\s functions ( hi/ory h be5 g5]ally c>ri$ on simultane\sly & ) little consci\sness ( _! pr(\nd div]sity4 ,s9ce hi/orical criticism made its appe>ance1 ! romantic int]e/ 9 ! pa/1 f> f abat+1 has f$ eag]ly on all ! mat]ial incid5ts & private gossip ( remote times4 ,?is sort ( petty hi/orical drama has reflect$ contempor>y int]e/s1 :i* h c5tr$ s l>gely 9 mat]ial possessions & p]sonal c>e]s2 :ile at ! same "t x has kept pace ) ! k ( m9uti atta9$ by ar*ology4 ,:5 hi/orical inve/igation has rea*$ its limits a p]iod ( ideal recon/ruction may v likely set 94 ,inde$ 7 x possible to collect 9 ar*ives exhau/ive acc\nts ( ev]y?+ t has ev] happ5$1 s t ! curi\s man might always be in=m$ on any po9t ( fact t int]e/$ him1 hi/orical imag9ation might gr[ free aga9 9 its movem5ts4 ,n be+ suspect$ ( wi%+ to di/ort facts :i* c\ld s easily be po9t$ to1 x might become m consci\s ( its own moral function1 & x might turn unblu%+ly to :at 0 important & inspir+ 9 ord] to put x ) dramatic =ce be=e ! m9d4 ,su* a treatm5t ( hi/ory w\ld re9/ate t epic & tragic poetry :i* has become obsolete2 x might well be writt5 9 v]se1 & w\ld at any rate be frankly imag9ative2 x might furni% a sort ( ritual1 ) sci5tific & political sanctions1 = public fea/s4 ,trag$ies & epics are su* only 9 "n if !y d n deal ) ! highe/ int]e/s & de/9ies ( a p2 & !y c\ld h>dly deal ) su* ideals 9 an au?oritative & def9ite way1 unless !y f\nd !m illu/rat$ 9 t p's traditions4 ,sid5ote3 ,lit]al tru? ab&on$4 ,hi/oric romance is a "w ( art1 n ( sci5ce1 & its fidelity to pa/ fact is only an exp$i5t1 (t5 an excell5t & easy "o1 = /rik+ ! key-note ( pres5t ideals4 ,! insight atta9$1 ev5 :5 x is true insight into :at "s "o else felt 9 "s o!r age1 draws its =ce & sublimity f curr5t passions1 passions pot5tial 9 ! auditor's s\l4 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots1 = in/ance1 d\btless repeat$1 9 _m a fanci$ dialogue ) ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ! v words t ,s*ill] puts into h] m\? 9 ! c5tral sc5e ( 8 play1 8,d5n i* b9 ,eu] ,knig60 ,yet ! dramatic =ce ( t expression1 its audaci\s sub/itution ( ideals = facts1 dep5ds entirely on ! scope :i* we l5d x4 ,diff]5t actors & diff]5t read]s w\ld int]pret x diff]5tly4 ,"s might see 9 x no?+ b a sally 9 a woman's qu>rel1 read+ x ) ! acc5t ( m]e spite & irritation4 ,!n ! trag$y1 n p]haps )\t hi/oric tru?1 w\ld be r$uc$ to a l\d com$y4 ,o!r int]pret]s might f9d 9 ! phrase ! :ole feudal sy/em1 all ! *ivalry1 legality1 & fooli%ness ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,!n ! drama w\ld become m int]e/+1 & ! poor que5's cry1 :ile t ( a m9d sophi/icat$ & fanatical1 w\ld h great pa?os & ke5ness4 ,to rea* sublimity1 h[ev]1 t mom5t w\ld h to epitomise ideals :i* we deeply respect$4 ,we %\ld h to believe 9 ! sanctity ( canon law & 9 ! div9e "r ( primog5iture4 ,t a woman may h be5 v unhappy or t a /ate may h be5 held toge!r by p]sonal allegiance does n raise ! fate ( ei!r to ! tragic plane1 unless 8laws t are n ( to-day nor ye/]day10 aspirations native to ! he>t1 %9e ?r\gh ^? leg5d>y mis=tunes4 ,x w\ld matt] no?+ to ! excell5ce ( ,s*ill]'s drama :i* ( ^! int]pretations might h be5 made by ,m>y ,/u>t h]self at any giv5 mom5t2 d\btless h] attitude t[>d h] rival 0 col\r$ on diff]5t occasions by v>y+ degrees ( political insight & moral f]v\r4 ,! successful hi/orical poet w\ld be he :o caught ! mo/ significant attitude :i* a p]son 9 t position c\ld possibly h assum$1 & 8 ,m>y ,/u>t1 :e!r accid5tally resembl+ ! real woman or n1 w\ld be ess5tially a my?ical p]son4 ,s ,electra & ,antigone & ,hel5 ( ,troy are tragic figures absolv$ f hi/orical accuracy1 al?\gh possibly if ! p]sonages ( h]oic times 7 kn[n to u we might f9d t our highe/ imag9ation _h be5 anticipat$ 9 _! consci\sness4 ,sid5ote3 ,hi/ory exi/s to be transc5d$4 ,( ! ?ree p>ts into :i* ! pursuit ( hi/ory may be divid$--inve/igation1 !ory1 & /ory-tell+--n "o atta9s ideal f9ality4 ,inve/igation is m]ely useful1 because its intr9sic ideal--to "k e detail ( ev]y?+--is n rational1 & its acceptable function c only be to (f] accurate in=mation ^u su* po9ts z are wor? kn[+ = "s ult]ior reason4 ,hi/orical !ory1 9 turn1 is a falsification ( causes1 s9ce no causes are o!r ?an me*anical2 x is an arbitr>y =e%ort5+ ( physics1 & x dissolves 9 ! pres5ce ei!r ( adequate k or ( cle> ideals4 ,f9ally1 hi/orical romance passes1 z x gr[s mature1 into epics & trag$ies1 :]e ! moral imag9ation dis5gages itself f all allegiance to p>ticul> pa/ facts4 ,?us hi/ory proves to be an imp]fect field = ! ex]cise ( reason2 x is a provisional discipl9e2 its values1 ) ! m9d's progress1 w\ld empty into high] activities4 ,! function ( hi/ory is to l5d mat]ials to politics & to poetry4 ,^! arts ne$ to dom9ate pa/ ev5ts1 ! bett] to dom9ate ! pres5t situation & ! ideal "o4 ,a good book ( hi/ory is "o t helps ! /atesman to =mulate & to c>ry out 8 plans1 or t helps ! tragic poet to conceive :at is mo/ glori\s 9 human de/9y4 ,su* a book1 z k & ignorance are n[ m+l$1 w h to borr[ some?+ f ea* ( ! me?ods by :i* hi/ory is commonly pursu$4 ,inve/igation w be necess>y1 s9ce ! ne$ful facts are n all indubitably kn[n2 !ory w be necess>y too1 s t ^? facts may be conceiv$ 9 _! p]t95ce to public int]e/s1 & ! latt] may !reby be cl>ifi$2 & romance w n be :olly exclud$1 because ! v>i\s activities ( ! m9d ab\t ! same matt] _c be divid$ altoge!r1 & a dramatic treatm5t is (t5 useful 9 summ>is+ a situation1 :5 all ! elem5ts ( x _c be summon$ up 9 detail be=e ! m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,its great rle4 ,fragm5t>y1 arbitr>y1 & insecure z hi/orical conceptions mu/ rema91 !y are nev]!less highly important4 ,9 human consci\sness ! indisp5sable is 9 inv]se ratio to ! demon/rable4 ,s5se is ! f\ndation ( ev]y?+4 ,)\t s5se memory w\ld be bo? false & useless4 ,yet memory r ?an s5se is k 9 ! pregnant acceptation ( ! ^w2 = 9 s5se object & process are h>dly di/+ui%$1 :]eas 9 memory significance inh]es 9 ! datum1 & ! pres5t v\*es = ! abs5t4 ,simil>ly hi/ory1 :i* is d]iv$ f memory1 is sup]ior to x2 = :ile x m]ely ext5ds memory artificially x %[s a high] logical developm5t ?an memory has & is rip] = ideal uses4 ,trivial & useless matt] has dropp$ out4 ,inf]5ce has gone a /ep f>!r1 ?\ght is m l>gely repres5tative1 & te/imony convey$ by ! reports ( o!rs or f\nd 9 monum5ts leads ! speculative m9d to inf] ev5ts t mu/ h fill$ ! remote/ ages4 ,?is in=mation is n passive or idle k2 x truly in=ms or %apes ! m9d1 giv+ x new aptitudes4 ,z an efficaci\s memory modifies in/9ct1 by levell+ x ) a wid] survey ( ! situation1 s a memory ( :at human exp]i5ce has be51 a s5se ( :at x is likely to be "u specific circum/ances1 gives ! w a new basis4 ,:at politics or any l>ge drama deals ) is a w ca/ into hi/oric m\lds1 an imag9ation busy ) :at we call great int]e/s4 ,great int]e/s are a gift :i* hi/ory makes to ! he>t4 ,a b>b>ian is no less subject to ! pa/ ?an is ! civic man :o kn[s :at 8 pa/ is & means to be loyal to x2 b ! b>b>ian1 = want ( a trans-p]sonal memory1 crawls among sup]/itions :i* he _c und]/& or revoke & among p]sons :om he may hate or love1 b :om he c nev] ?9k ( rais+ to a high] plane1 to ! level ( a pur] happ9ess4 ,! :ole dignity ( human endeav\r is ?us b\nd up ) hi/oric issues2 & z consci5ce ne$s to be controll$ by exp]i5ce if x is to become rational1 s p]sonal exp]i5ce itself ne$s to be enl>g$ ideally if ! failures & successes x reports are to t\* imp]sonal int]e/s4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,me*anism ,sid5ote3 ,recurr5t =ms 9 nature4 ,a retrospect ov] human exp]i5ce1 if a little ext5d$1 c h>dly fail to come ^u _m int]e/+ recurr5ces4 ,! seasons make _! r\nd & ! g5]ations ( m51 l ! =e/ leaves1 repeat _! c>e]4 ,9 ?is its f9] texture hi/ory und\bt$ly repeats itself4 ,a /udy ( x1 9 regi/]+ s _m recurr5ces1 leads to a description ( habit1 or to natural hi/ory4 ,to obs]ve a recurr5ce is to div9e a me*anism4 ,x is to analyse a ph5om5on1 di/+ui%+ its =m1 :i* alone recurs1 f its exi/5ce1 :i* is irrevocable2 & t ! flux ( ph5om5a %\ld turn out1 on clos] inspection1 to be compos$ ( a multitude ( recurr+ =ms1 regul>ly int]wov51 is ! ideal ( me*anism4 ,! =ms1 tak5 ideally & 9 !mselves1 are :at reflection fir/ rescues f ! flux & makes a sci5ce (2 !y con/itute t _w ( et]nal relations ) :i* dialectic is conv]sant4 ,to note "h & !re "s pass+ illu/ration ( ^! =ms is "o way ( /udy+ exp]i5ce4 ,! obs]v]1 ! poet1 ! hi/orian m]ely def9e :at !y see4 ,b ^! incid5tal illu/rations ( =m 7call$ by ,plato ph5om5a7 may h a me?od 9 _! com+s & go+s1 & ?is me?od may 9 turn be def9able4 ,x w be a new sort ( con/ant illu/rat$ 9 ! flux2 & ?is we call a law4 ,if ev5ts c\ld be r$uc$ to a numb] ( con/ant =ms mov+ 9 a con/ant m$ium accord+ to a con/ant law1 a maximum ( con/ancy w\ld be introduc$ into ! flux1 :i* w\ld !reby be prov$ to be me*anical4 ,! =m ( ev5ts1 ab/ract$ f _! mat]ial pres5ce1 becomes a g5]al m\ld to :i* we t5d to assimilate new obs]vations4 ,:atev] 9 p>ticul> in/ances may contrav5e ! accr$it$ rule1 we attribute )\t a qualm to unkn[n v>iations 9 ! circum/ances1 ?us sav+ our fai? 9 ord] at all haz>ds & appeal+ to inve/igation to ju/ify ! same4 ,only :5 ano!r rule sugge/s itself :i* leaves a small] m>g9 unacc\nt$ = 9 ! ph5om5a d we give up our fir/ g5]alisation4 ,n ev5 ! rude/ sup]/ition c be criticis$ or dislodg$ sci5tifically save by ano!r g5]al rule1 m exact & tru/wor?y ?an ! sup]/ition4 ,! scepticism :i* comes f di/ru/ ( ab/raction & disgu/ ) reckon+ ( any sort is n a sci5tific =ce2 x is an intellectual weakness4 ,g5]alities are inde$ ess5tial to und]/&+1 :i* is apt to impose !m ha/ily ^u p>ticul>s4 ,confirmation is n ne$$ to create prejudice4 ,x suffices t a vivid impression %\ld once h cut its way into ! m9d & settl$ !re 9 a f]tile soil2 x w entw9e itself at once ) its *ance neighb\rs & ^! adv5titi\s relations w pass h5ce=? = a "p ( ! fact4 ,repetition1 h[ev]1 is a good means ( mak+ or keep+ impressions vivid & almo/ ! only means ( keep+ !m un*ang$4 ,prejudices1 h[ev] refractory to new evid5ce1 evolve inw>dly ( !mselves4 ,! m5tal soil 9 :i* !y lie is 9 a cont9ual f]m5t & _! v vitality w ext5d _! scope & *ange _! application4 ,g5]alisations1 !re=e1 :5 bas$ on a s+le in/ance1 w soon =get x & %ift _! gr\nd1 z un*eck$ words %ift _! mean+4 ,b :5 a ph5om5on actually recurs ! g5]alisations f\nd$ on x are re9=c$ & kept id5tical1 & prejudices s su/a9$ by ev5ts make man's k ( nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! discov]y makes ! flux calculable4 ,natural sci5ce consi/s ( g5]al ideas :i* look = v]ification 9 ev5ts1 & :i* f9d x4 ,! p>ticul> in/ance1 once not$1 is ?r[n aside l a squeez$ orange1 its significance 9 e/abli%+ "s law hav+ once be5 extract$4 ,sci5ce1 by ?is flight into ! g5]al1 l5ds imm$iate exp]i5ce an int]e/ & scope :i* its p>ts1 tak5 bl9dly1 c\ld nev] possess2 s9ce if we rema9$ sunk 9 ! mom5ts ( exi/5ce & nev] ab/ract$ _! "* f _! pres5ce1 we %\ld nev] "k t !y _h any relation to "o ano!r4 ,we %\ld feel _! incubus )\t be+ able to di/+ui% _! dignities or to give !m names4 ,by analys+ :at we f9d & ab/ract+ :at recurs f its _m va9 incid5ts we c discov] a su/a9$ /ructure )91 :i* enables u to =etell :at we may f9d 9 future4 ,sci5ce ?us articulates exp]i5ce & reveals its skeleton4 ,skeletons are n ?+s p>ticul>ly cong5ial to poets1 unless x be = ! sake ( hav+ some?+ truly horrible to %udd] at & to fright5 *ildr5 )3 & s a c]ta9 s*ool ( philosoph]s exhau/ _! rhetoric 9 conv9c+ u t ! objects kn[n to sci5ce are artificial & dead1 :ile ! liv+ reality is inf9itely ri* & absolutely unutt]able4 ,?is is m]ely an ungraci\s way ( describ+ ! (fice ( ?\ght & be>+ witness to its necessity4 ,a body is none ! worse = hav+ "s bones 9 x1 ev5 if !y are n all visible on ! surface4 ,!y are c]ta9ly n ! :ole man1 :o nev]!less runs & leaps by _! lev]age & smoo? turn+ 9 _! sockets2 & a surgeon's /udies 9 dead anatomy help him excell5tly to set a liv+ jo9t4 ,! ab/ractions ( sci5ce are extractions ( tru?s4 ,tru?s _c ( !mselves con/itute exi/5ce ) its irrational conc5tration 9 "t1 place1 & p]son1 its hopeless flux1 & its vital exub]ance2 b !y c be true ( exi/5ce2 !y c disclose t /ructure by :i* its p>ts coh]e mat]ially & become ideally inf]able f "o ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 ,loos] pr9ciples tri$ fir/4 ,sci5ce becomes demon/rable 9 proportion z x becomes ab/ract4 ,x becomes 9 ! same measure applicable & useful1 z ma!matics witnesses1 :5ev] ! ab/raction is judici\sly made & has seiz$ ! pr(\nd] /ructural features 9 ! ph5om5on4 ,^! features are (t5 h>d = human eyes to disc]n1 buri$ z !y may be 9 ! int]nal inf9itesimal texture ( ?+s4 ,?+s accord+ly seem to move on ! _w's /age 9 an unacc\ntable fa%ion1 & to betray magic aff9ities to :at is sep>at$ f !m by app>5t *asms4 ,! types ( relation :i* ! m9d may obs]ve are multif>i\s4 ,any *ance conjunction1 any incid5tal h>mony1 w />t a hypo!sis ab\t ! nature ( ! univ]se & be ! p>5t image ( a :ole sy/em ( philosophy4 ,9 self-indulg5t m9ds mo/ ( ^! /&>d images are dramatic1 & ! cue m5 foll[ 9 unravell+ exp]i5ce is t (f]$ by "s success or failure ( _! own4 ,! sangu9e1 hav+ once f\nd a pe>l 9 a dunghill1 feel a glori\s assurance t ! _w's true secret is t ev]y?+ 9 ! end is ord]$ = ev]ybody's b5efit--& t is optimism4 ,! atrabili\s1 be+ ill at ease ) !mselves1 see ! work+s ev]y:]e ( insidi\s s91 & conceive t ! _w is a dang]\s place ( trial4 ,a some:at m obs]vant intellect may decide t :at exi/s is a c]ta9 numb] ( def9ite natures1 ea* /riv+ to pres]ve & express itself2 & 9 su* language we /ill commonly read political ev5ts & our fri5d's actions4 ,at ! dawn ( sci5ce a ,?ales1 obs]v+ ! ways & ! conditions ( ?+s some:at m subtly1 w notice t ra91 some?+ q adv5titi\s to ! fields1 is :at cov]s !m ) v]dure1 t ! slime bre$s life1 t a liquid w freeze to /one & melt to air2 & 8 %rewd conclusion w be t ev]y?+ is wat] 9 "o disguise or ano!r4 ,x is only aft] long accumulat$ obs]vation t we c rea* any exact law ( nature2 & ?is law we h>dly ?9k ( apply+ to liv+ ?+s4 ,^! h n yet reveal$ ! secret ( _! /ructure1 & cle> insight is v\*saf$ u only 9 su* regions z t ( ma!matical physics1 :]e cog5cy 9 ! ideal sy/em is comb9$ ) adequacy to expla9 ! ph5om5a4 ,sid5ote3 ,me*anism = ! mo/ "p hidd54 ,^! exact sci5ces cov] 9 ! gross ! field 9 :i* human life appe>s1 ! antec$5ts ( ?is life1 & its in/rum5ts4 ,to a speculative m9d1 t _h reta9$ an +5u\s s5se ( nature's inexhau/ible res\rces & ( man's ess5tial cont9uity ) o!r natural ?+s1 !re c\ld be no gr\nd = d\bt+ t simil> pr9ciples 7c\ld !y be trac$ 9 detail7 w\ld be se5 to preside ov] all man's action & passion4 ,a ?\s& indications1 drawn f introspection & f hi/ory1 w\ld be f\nd to confirm ?is speculative presumption4 ,x is n only e>?quakes & floods1 summ] & w9t]1 t br+ human mus+s %>ply to book4 ,love & ambition are unmi/akable blossom+s ( mat]ial =ces1 & ! m int5se & poetical a man's s5se is ( 8 spiritual condition ! m l\dly w he proclaim 8 utt] dep5d5ce on nature & ! id5tity ( ! mov+ pr9ciple 9 him & 9 h]4 ,mank9d & all its works are und5iably subject to gravity & to ! law ( projectiles2 yet :at is true ( ^! ph5om5a 9 bulk seems to a sup]ficial obs]vation n to be true ( !m 9 detail1 & a p]son may imag9e t he subv]ts all ! laws ( physics :5ev] he wags 8 tongue4 ,only 9 inorganic matt] is ! rul+ me*anism op5 to human inspection3 "h *anges may be se5 to be proportionate to ! elem5ts & situation 9 :i* !y occur4 ,habit "h seems p]fectly /eady & is call$ necessity1 s9ce ! obs]v] is able to d$uce x unequivocally f giv5 prop]ties 9 ! body & 9 ! ext]nal bodies act+ ^u x4 ,9 ! p>ts ( nature :i* we call liv+ & to :i* we impute consci\sness1 habit1 ?\gh x be fatal en\gh1 is n s exactly measurable & p]spicu\s4 ,physics _c acc\nt = t m9ute motion & pullulation 9 ! e>?'s cru/ ( :i* human affairs are a portion4 ,human affairs h to be survey$ "u categories ly+ clos] to ^? employ$ 9 memory & leg5d4 ,^! loos] categories are ( e sort--grammatical1 moral1 magical--& !re is no kn[+ :5 any ( !m w apply or 9 :at measure4 ,betwe5 ! matt]s cov]$ by ! exact sci5ces & vulg> exp]i5ce !re rema9s1 accord+ly1 a wide & nebul\s gulf4 ,:]e we _c see ! me*anism involv$ 9 :at happ5s we h to be satisfi$ ) an empirical description ( appe>ances z !y fir/ fall toge!r 9 our appreh5sion2 & ?is want ( und]/&+ 9 ! obs]v] is :at popul> philosophy calls intellig5ce 9 ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,yet presumably p]vasive4 ,t ?is gulf is app>5t only1 be+ due to inadequacy & confusion 9 human p]ception r ?an to incoh]5ce 9 ?+s1 is a speculative conviction altoge!r tru/wor?y4 ,any "o :o c at all cat* ! drift ( exp]i5ce--moral no less ?an physical--mu/ feel t me*anism rules ! :ole _w4 ,!re are d\bl5ess & div]sity en\gh 9 ?+s to satiate ! greate/ lov] ( *aos2 b t a cosmos nev]!less und]lies ! sup]ficial play ( s5se & op9ion is :at all practical reason mu/ assume & :at all compreh5d$ exp]i5ce be>s witness to4 ,a cosmos does n mean a disord] ) :i* somebody happ5s to be well pleas$2 x means a necessity f :i* e "o mu/ draw 8 happ9ess4 ,if a pr9ciple is efficaci\s x is to t ext5t me*anical4 ,= to be efficaci\s a pr9ciple mu/ apply necess>ily & proportionately2 x mu/ assure u t :]e ! factors are ! same z on a previ\s occasion ! quoti5t w be ! same also4 ,n[1 9 ord] t ! flux ( ?+s %\ld conta9 a repetition1 elem5ts mu/ be id5tifi$ )9 x2 ^! id5tical elem5ts may !n f9d !mselves 9 an id5tical situation1 on :i* ! same result may ensue :i* ensu$ be=e4 ,if ! elem5ts 7 n con/ant & recognisable1 or if _! relations did n suffice to det]m9e ! succe$+ ev5t1 no obs]vation c\ld be transf]r$ ) safety f ! pa/ to ! future4 ,?us art & compreh5sion w\ld be defeat$ toge!r4 ,novelties 9 ! _w are n lack+1 because ! elem5ts ent]+ at any mom5t into a giv5 comb9ation h nev] be=e ent]$ into a comb9ation exactly simil>4 ,me*anism applies to ! matt] & m9ute texture ( ?+s2 b its apply+ !re w create1 at ea* mom5t1 fre% ideal :oles1 =mal unities :i* m9d emanates f & repres5ts4 ,! result w accord+ly always be unprec$5t$ 9 ! total impression x produces1 9 exact proportion to ! s+ul>ity ( ! situation 9 h&4 ,me*anical processes are n l ma!matical relations1 because !y happ54 ,:at !y express ! =m ( is a flux1 n a tru? or an ideal necessity4 ,! situation may !re=e always be new1 ?\gh produc$ f ! prec$+ situation by rules :i* are inv>iable1 s9ce ! prec$+ situation 0 itself novel4 ,me*anism might be call$ ! dialectic ( ! irrational4 ,x is su* a measure ( intelligibility z is compatible ) flux & ) exi/5ce4 ,exi/5ce itself be+ irrational & *ange un9telligible1 ! only necessity !y are susceptible ( is a natural or empirical necessity1 imp++ at bo? ends ^u brute matt]s ( fact4 ,! exi/5tial elem5ts1 _! situation1 numb]1 aff9ities1 & mutual influ5ce all h to be begg$ be=e calculation c beg94 ,:5 ^! surds h be5 accept$ at _! face value1 inf]5ce may set to "w among !m2 yet ! inf]5ce t me*anism w cont9ue to reign w n am\nt to c]ta9 k until ! ev5t inf]r$ has come to give x pro(4 ,calculation 9 physics diff]s f pure dialectic 9 t ! ultimate object x looks to is n ideal4 ,!ory "h mu/ rev]t to ! imm$iate flux = its sanction1 :]eas dialectic is a c5trifugal emanation f exi/5ce & nev] returns to its po9t ( orig94 ,x rema9s susp5d$ 9 ! e!r ( ^? et]nal relations :i* =ms h1 ev5 :5 f\nd emb$d$ 9 matt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,inadequacy ( consci\sness4 ,if ! total flux is cont9u\s & naturally intelligible1 :y is ! "p felt by man s disjo9t$ & opaque8 ,an answ] to ?is "q may p]haps be drawn f ! fact t consci\sness app>5tly arises to express ! functions only ( extremely complicat$ organisms4 ,! basis ( ?\ght is va/ly m elaborate ?an its deliv]ance4 ,x takes a wond]ful bra9 & exquisite s5ses to produce a few /upid ideas4 ,! m9d />ts1 !re=e1 ) a trem5d\s h&icap4 ,9 ord] to atta9 adequate practical k x w\ld h to repres5t cle>ly its own conditions2 = ! purpose ( m9d is its own fur!rance & p]fection1 & be=e t purpose c\ld be fulfill$ ! m9d's int]e/s w\ld h to become p>allel to ! body's =tunes4 ,?is means t ! body's actual relations 9 nature w\ld h to become ! m9d's fav\rite !mes 9 disc\rse4 ,_h ?is h>mony be5 atta9$1 ! m accurately & int5sely ?\ght 0 ex]cis$ ! m /able its /atus w\ld become & ! m prosp]\s its und]tak+s1 s9ce lively ?\ght w\ld !n be a symptom ( heal? 9 ! body & ( me*anical equilibrium ) ! environm5t4 ,! body's actual relations1 h[ev]1 on :i* heal? dep5ds1 are inf9itely complex & imm5sely ext5d$4 ,!y sweep ! :ole mat]ial univ]se & are int]tw9$ mo/ closely ) all social & passionate =ces1 ) _! incalculable me*anical spr+s4 ,meantime ! m9d beg9s by be+ a feeble & inconsequ5t gho/4 ,its exi/5ce is int]mitt5t & its visions unmean+4 ,x fails to conceive its own int]e/s or ! situations t might support or defeat ^? int]e/s4 ,if x pictures any?+ cle>ly1 x is only "s phanta/ic image :i* 9 no way repres5ts its own complex basis4 ,?us ! p>asitical human m9d1 f9d+ :at cle> k x has laughably insuffici5t to int]pret its de/9y1 takes to neglect+ k altoge!r & to hugg+ in/ead v>i\s irrational ideas4 ,on ! "o h& x lapses into dreams :i*1 :ile obvi\sly irrelevant to practice1 express ! m9d's vegetative in/9cts2 h5ce art & my?ology1 :i* sub/itute play-worlds = ! real "o on correlation ) :i* human prosp]ity & dignity dep5d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! m9d becomes w$d$ to conv5tional objects :i* m>k1 p]haps1 ! turn+-po9ts ( practical life & plot ! curve ( x 9 a s*ematic & disjo9t$ fa%ion1 b :i* are !mselves entirely opaque &1 z we say1 mat]ial4 ,n[ z matt] is commonly a "n = ?+s n und]/ood1 m5 mat]ially m9d$ are ^? ^: ideas1 :ile practical1 are meagre & bl9d1 s t _! k ( nature1 if n invalid1 is exce$+ly fragm5t>y4 ,?is grossness 9 common s5se1 l irrelevance 9 imag9ation1 spr+s f ! fact t ! m9d's repres5tative p[]s are out ( focus ) its controll+ conditions4 ,sid5ote3 ,its articulation inf]ior to t ( its objects4 ,9 o!r words1 s5se ought to correspond 9 articulation ) ! object to be repres5t$--o!rwise ! object's /ructure1 ) ! fate x imports2 _c be transf]r$ into analog\s ideas4 ,n[ ! human s5ses are n at all fitt$ to repres5t an organism on ! scale ( ! human body4 ,!y cat* its idle ge/ures b n ! inn] processes :i* control its action4 ,! s5ses are immeasurably too gross4 ,:at to !m is a m9imum visibile1 a j p]ceptible atom1 is 9 ! body's /ructure1 v likely1 a sy/em ( worlds1 ! inn] cataclysms ( :i* c\nt 9 produc+ t s-call$ atom's behavi\r & end[+ x ) aff9ities app>5tly miracul\s4 ,:at mu/ ! se$ ( animals conta91 = in/ance1 to be ! gr\nd1 z x notori\sly is1 = e physical & moral prop]ty ( ! (fspr+8 ,or :at mu/ ! sy/em ( signals & ! reproductive habit 9 a bra9 be1 = x to co-ord9ate in/9ctive movem5ts1 le>n tricks1 & rememb]8 ,our s5ses c repres5t at all adequately only su* objects z ! sol> sy/em or a "w ( human ar*itecture1 :]e ! unit's inn] /ructure & f]m5tation may be provisionally neglect$ 9 ma/]+ ! total4 ,! ar*itect may reckon 9 bricks & ! a/ronom] 9 planets & yet =esee accurately en\gh ! practical result4 ,9 a ^w1 only :at is extraord9>ily simple is intelligible to man1 :ile only :at is extraord9>ily complex c support intellig5ce4 ,consci\sness is ess5tially incompet5t to und]/& :at mo/ conc]ns x1 its own vicissitudes1 & s5se is altoge!r out ( scale ) ! objects ( practical int]e/ 9 life4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce consequ5tly ret>d$4 ,"o consequ5ce ( ?is pr(\nd maladju/m5t is t sci5ce is h>d to atta9 & is at fir/ p>adoxical4 ,! *ange ( scale requir$ is viol5t & fru/rates all ! m9d's rhetorical habits4 ,!re is a con/ant feel+ ( /ra9 & mu* fly+ back to ! "m-tongue ( my? & social symbol4 ,e wrong hypo!sis is seiz$ ^u & is tri$ be=e any "o w ent]ta9 ! "r "o4 ,en?usiasm = k is *ill$ by repeat$ failures & a great confusion _c b reign 9 philosophy4 ,a man ) an eye = *>act]i/ic features 9 v>i\s prov9ces ( exp]i5ce is enc\rag$ to deal ) ea* ^u a diff]5t pr9ciple2 & :]e ^! prov9ces t\* or actually fuse1 he is at a loss :at me?od ( compreh5sion to apply4 ,!re sets 91 accord+ly1 a t5d5cy to use v>i\s me?ods at once or a diff]5t "o on ea* occasion1 z language1 cu/om1 or presumption seems to dem&4 ,sci5ce is r$uc$ by philosoph]s to plausible disc\rse1 & ! m plausible ! disc\rse is1 by lean+ on all ! het]og5e\s prejudices ( ! h\r1 ! m does x fo/] ! same & disc\rage radical inve/igation4 ,?us ev5 ,ari/otle felt t good judgm5t & ! dramatic habit ( ?+s altoge!r exclud$ ! simple physics ( ,democritus4 ,inde$1 z ?+s !n /ood1 ,democritus _h no "r to 8 simplicity1 except t div9e "r :i* comes ( inspiration4 ,8 0 an indef5sible fai? 9 a s+le radical insight1 :i* happ5$ nev]!less to be true4 ,to ju/ify t insight =5sically x w\ld h be5 necess>y to *ange ! range ( human vision1 mak+ x telescopic 9 "o region & microscopic 9 ano!r2 :]eby ! objects s transfigur$ w\ld h lo/ _! famili> aspect & _! habitual context 9 disc\rse4 ,)\t su* a />tl+ *ange ( focus nature c nev] seem ev]y:]e me*anical4 ,h5ce1 ev5 to ?is day1 p ) broad human int]e/s are apt to discr$it a me*anical philosophy4 ,seldom c p5etration & c\rage 9 ?9k+ hold _! own aga9/ ! miscellane\s habits ( disc\rse2 & nobody rememb]s t moral values mu/ rema9 capti\s1 & imag9ative life ignoble & d>k1 s long z ! :ole basis & application ( !m is falsely conceiv$4 ,discov]ies 9 sci5ce are made only by ne>-sight$ speciali/s1 :ile ! influ5ce ( public s5tim5t & policy /ill works sy/ematically aga9/ enlight5m5t4 ,sid5ote3 & speculation r5d]$ necess>y4 ,! maladaptation ( s5se to its objects has a second consequ5ce3 t speculation is 9 a way nobl] = man ?an direct p]ception4 ,= direct p]ception is :olly inadequate to r5d] ! =ce1 ! reality1 ! subtle relations ( ! object p]ceiv$1 unless ?is object be a %ell only1 l a "w ( f9e art1 :]e no?+ c\nts b ! surface4 ,s9ce ! function ( p]ception is prop]ly to give und]/&+ & dom9ion1 direct p]ception is a defeat &1 z x 71 an insult to ! m9d1 ?us =c$ to busy itself ab\t s un9telligible & d5se an app>ition4 /hetic en?usiasm c>es no?+ ab\t :at ! object inw>dly is1 :at is its efficaci\s movem5t & real life4 ,x revels selfi%ly 9 ! h>monies ( p]ception itself1 h>monies :i* p]haps x attributes to ! object ?r\gh want ( consid]ation4 ,^! /hetic objects1 :i* h no intr9sic unity or cohesion1 lapse 9 ! mo/ melan*oly & inexplicable fa%ion be=e our eyes4 ,!n we cry t beauty wanes1 t life is brief1 & t its prizes are deceptive4 ,our m9ds h f$ on casual aspects ( nature1 l t9ts 9 sunset cl\ds4 ,imag9ative f]v\r has p\r$ itself out exclusively on ^! app>itions1 :i* are )\t relevant back+ 9 ! _w2 & long1 p]haps1 be=e ?is life is ov]1 :i* we call$ too brief1 we beg9 to p9e = ano!r1 :]e j ^? images :i* "h play$ s deceptively on ! surface ( ! flux may be turn$ into fix$ & efficaci\s realities4 ,meantime speculation amuses u ) prophecies ab\t :at su* realities might be4 ,we look = !m1 v likely1 9 ! wrong place1 namely1 9 human poetry & eloqu5ce1 or at be/ 9 dialectic2 yet ev5 :5 /at$ 9 ^! my?ical t]ms ! hidd5 _w div9$ 9 m$itation seems nobl] &1 z we say1 m real ?an ! objects ( s5se4 ,= we hope1 9 ^? speculative visions1 to rea* ! p]man5t1 ! efficaci\s1 ! /an* pr9ciples ( exp]i5ce1 some?+ to rely on 9 prospect & appeal to 9 p]plexity4 ,sci5ce1 9 its prosaic b tru/wor?y fa%ion1 passes likewise beyond ! dreamlike unities & cad5ces :i* s5se discloses2 only1 z sci5ce aims at controll+ its speculation by exp]im5t1 ! hidd5 reality x discloses is exactly l :at s5se p]ceives1 ?\gh on a diff]5t scale1 & n obs]vable1 p]haps1 )\t a magic c>pet ( hypo!sis1 to c>ry ! obs]v] to ! ends ( ! univ]se or1 *ang+ 8 dim5sions1 to introduce him into ^? inf9itesimal abysses :]e nature has h] work%op4 ,9 ?is region1 7 x suffici5tly explor$1 we might f9d j ^? solid supports & fai?ful w>n+s :i* we 7 look+ = ) su* ill success 9 our rhetorical speculations4 ,! ma*9]y disclos$ w\ld n be human2 x w\ld be ma*9]y4 ,b x w\ld = t v reason s]ve ! purpose :i* made u look = x in/ead ( rema9+1 l ! l[] animals1 placidly gaz+ on ! pageants ( s5se1 till "s unacc\ntable pang =c$ u to spasmodic movem5t4 ,x is d\btless bett] to f9d mat]ial eng9es--n necess>ily inanimate1 ei!r--:i* may really s]ve to br+ ord]1 security1 & progress into our lives1 ?an to f9d impassion$ or ideal spirits1 t c d no?+ = u except1 at be/1 assure u t !y are p]fectly happy4 ,sid5ote3 ,dissatisfaction ) me*anism p>tly natural4 ,! reign+ av]sion to me*anism is p>tly natural & p>tly artificial4 ,! natural av]sion _c be :olly ov]come4 ,l ! av]sion to dea?1 to old age1 to lab\r1 x is call$ =? by man's natural situation 9 a _w :i* 0 n made = him1 b 9 :i* he grew4 ,t ! efficaci\s /ructure ( ?+s %\ld n be int5tionally spectacul> nor poetical1 t its units %\ld n be t]ms 9 common disc\rse1 nor its laws q l ! logic ( passion1 is ( c\rse a h>d lesson to le>n4 ,! le>n+1 h[ev]--n to speak ( its incid5tal delights--is s extraord9>ily good = p t only ) t in/ruction & ! bless$ r5unciations x br+s c cle>ness1 dignity1 or virility ent] _! m9ds4 ,& ( c\rse1 if ! mat]ial basis ( human /r5g? c\ld be discov]$ & bett] exploit$1 ! free activity ( ! m9d w\ld be n arre/$ b enl>g$4 ,geology adds some?+ to ! int]e/ ( l&scape1 & botany mu* to ! *>m ( fl[]s2 natural hi/ory increases ! pleasure ) :i* we view society & ! ju/ice ) :i* we judge x4 ,an in/9ctive sympa?y1 a solicitude = ! p]fect work+ ( any delicate ?+1 z x makes ! ruffian t5d] to a "y *ild1 is a s5tim5t inevitable ev5 t[>d artificial organisms4 ,c\ld we bett] p]ceive ! f9e fruits ( ord]1 ! dire consequ5ces ( e specific cruelty or j>1 we %\ld gr[ d\bly consid]ate t[>d all =ms2 = we exi/ ?r\gh =m1 & ! love ( =m is our :ole real inspiration4 ,sid5ote3 & p>tly artificial4 ,! artificial prejudice aga9/ me*anism is a fruit ( p>ty _s4 ,:5 a my? has become ! c5tre or sanction = habits & in/itutions1 ^! habits & in/itutions /& aga9/ any conception incompatible ) t my?4 ,x matt]s no?+ t ! values ! my? 0 design$ to express may rema9 /&+ )\t x1 or may be transf]r$ to its successor4 ,social & intellectual in]tia is too great to tol]ate s simple an evolution4 ,x divides op9ions n into false & true b into high & l[1 or ev5 m frankly into ^? :i* are acceptable & com=t+ to its ruffl$ fai? & ^? :i* are dang]\s1 al>m+1 & un=tunate4 ,imag9e ,socrates 8view+ ) al>m0 ! implications ( an argum5t6 ,?is artificial prejudice is inde$ mod]n & w n be et]nal4 ,anci5t sages1 :5 !y wi%$ to rebuke ! a!i/1 po9t$ to ! v heav5s :i* a s5tim5tal religion w\ld n[adays gladly prove to be unreal1 le/ ! s\l %\ld le>n some?+ ( _! me?od4 ,yet ! ,ptolemaic sph]es 7 no m manlike & f> less ri* 9 possibilities ( life ?an ! ,cop]nican />-du/4 ,! anci5ts ?\ght t :at 0 intelligible 0 div9e4 ,ord] 0 :at !y meant by intellig5ce1 & ord] productive ( excell5ce 0 :at !y meant by reason4 ,:5 !y notic$ t ! />s mov$ p]petually & accord+ to law1 !y s]i\sly ?\ght !y 7 behold+ ! gods4 ,! />s z we conceive !m are n 9 t s5se p]fect4 ,b ! ord] :i* nature does n cease to manife/ is /ill typical ( all ord]1 & is sublime4 ,x is f ^! regions ( embodi$ law t intelligibility & p[] comb9$ come to make _! cov5ant ) u1 z ) all g5]ations4 ,sid5ote3 ,biass$ judgm5ts inspir$ by moral in]tia4 ,! emotions & ! moral pr9ciples t are naturally alli$ to mat]ialism suff] an eclipse :5 mat]ialism1 :i* is prop]ly a prim>y or dogmatic philosophy1 brea?+ c\rage & victory1 appe>s z a de/ructive =ce & 9 ! incongru\s rle ( a critic4 ,"o dogmatism is n fit to criticise ano!r2 _! conflict c end only 9 insults1 sull5ness1 & an appeal to t physical drift & irrational selection :i* may ultimately consign "o p>ty to oblivion4 ,b a philosophy does ill to boa/ ( su* borr[$ triumphs4 ,! next turn ( ! :eel may cru% ! victor1 & ! op9ions ha/ily buri$ may rise aga9 to pose z ! fa%ionable & sup]ior insights ( a lat] day4 ,to criticise dogmatism x is necess>y to be a g5u9e sceptic1 an hone/ transc5d5tali/1 t falls back on ! imm$iate & obs]ves by :at pr9ciples ( logical ar*itecture ! ultimate1 ! reality discov]$1 has be5 inf]r$ f x4 ,su* criticism is n necess>ily de/ructive2 "s con/ruction & "s belief be+ absolutely inevitable1 if reason & life are to op]ate at all1 criticism m]ely (f]s u ! opportunity ( revis+ & purify+ our dogmas1 s z to make !m reasonable & congru\s ) practice4 ,mat]ialism may ?us be re9/at$ on transc5d5tal gr\nds1 & ! dogma at fir/ utt]$ 9 ! flu% ( intellig5t p]ception1 ) no scruple or self-consci\sness1 may be repeat$ aft] a ?or\gh exam9ation ( he>t1 on ! gr\nd t x is ! be/ possible expression ( exp]i5ce1 ! inevitable deliv]ance ( ?\ght4 ,s approa*$1 a dogmatic sy/em w c>ry its critical ju/ification ) x1 & ! values x en%r9es & secures w n be d\btful4 ,! emotions x ar\ses w be ^? ar\s$ by ! exp]i5ce x expla9s4 ,causes hav+ be5 f\nd = :at is giv51 ^! causes w be prov$ to h j t b5efic5t pot5cy & j t di/ress+ inadequacy :i* ! joys & failures ( life %[ t ! reality has1 :atev] ?is reality may o!rwise be4 ,! !ory w add no?+ except ! success involv$ 9 fram+ x4 ,life be+ once = all :at x is1 no physics c r5d] x worse or bett]1 save z ! k ( physics1 ) insight into ! causes ( our v>i$ =tunes1 is itself an a*ievem5t & a new res\rce4 ,sid5ote3 ,positive emotions prop] to mat]ialism4 ,a !ory is n an unemotional ?+4 ,if music c be full ( passion1 m]ely by giv+ =m to a s+le s5se1 h[ mu* m beauty or t]ror may n a vision be pregnant ) :i* br+s ord] & me?od into ev]y?+ t we "k4 ,mat]ialism has its di/9ct /hetic & emotional col\r1 ?\gh ?is may be /rangely affect$ & ev5 rev]s$ by contra/ ) sy/ems ( an incongru\s hue1 jo/l+ x accid5tally 9 a confus$ & amphibi\s m9d4 ,if y are 9 ! habit ( believ+ 9 special provid5ces1 or ( expect+ to cont9ue y\r romantic adv5tures 9 a second life1 mat]ialism w da% y\r hopes mo/ unpleasantly1 & y may ?9k = a ye> or two t y h no?+ left to live =4 ,b a ?or\gh mat]iali/1 "o born to ! fai? & n half plung$ into x by an unexpect$ *ri/5+ 9 cold wat]1 w be l ! sup]b ,democritus1 a laugh+ philosoph]4 ,8 delight 9 a me*anism t c fall into s _m m>vell\s & beautiful %apes1 & c g5]ate s _m excit+ passions1 %\ld be ( ! same intellectual quality z t :i* ! visitor feels 9 a museum ( natural hi/ory1 :]e he views ! myriad butt]flies 9 _! cases1 ! flam+oes & %ell-fi%1 ! mammo?s & gorillas4 ,d\btless !re 7 pangs 9 t incalculable life1 b !y 7 soon ov]2 & h[ spl5did meantime 0 ! pageant1 h[ inf9itely int]e/+ ! univ]sal int]play1 & h[ fooli% & inevitable ^? absolute little passions4 ,some:at ( t sort might be ! s5tim5t t mat]ialism w\ld ar\se 9 a vigor\s m9d1 active1 joyful1 imp]sonal1 & 9 respect to private illusions n )\t a t\* ( scorn4 ,to ! g5u9e suff]+s ( liv+ creatures ! e?ics t accompanies mat]ialism has nev] be5 ins5sible2 on ! contr>y1 l o!r m]ciful sy/ems1 x has trembl$ too mu* at pa9 & t5d$ to )draw ! w ascetically1 le/ ! w %\ld be defeat$4 ,contempt = mortal sorr[s is res]v$ = ^? :o drive ) hosannas ! ,jugg]naut c> ( absolute optimism4 ,b aga9/ evils born ( pure vanity & self-deception1 aga9/ ! v]biage by :i* man p]suades himself t he is ! goal & acme ( ! univ]se1 laught] is ! prop] def5ce4 ,laught] also has ?is subtle advantage1 t x ne$ n rema9 )\t an ov]tone ( sympa?y & bro!rly und]/&+2 z ! laught] t greets ,don ,quixote's absurdities & misadv5tures does n mock ! h]o's int5t4 ,8 ard\r 0 admirable1 b ! _w mu/ be kn[n be=e x c be re=m$ p]t95tly1 & happ9ess1 to be atta9$1 mu/ be plac$ 9 reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,! mat]ial _w n dead nor ugly1 ,oblivi\s ( ,democritus1 ! unwill+ mat]iali/s ( our day h g5]ally be5 awkw>dly intellectual & q incapable ( laught]4 ,if !y h felt any?+1 !y h felt melan*oly4 ,_! allegiance & affection 7 /ill fix$ on ^? my?ical s5tim5tal worlds :i* !y saw to be illusory4 ,! me*anical _w !y believ$ 9 c\ld n please !m1 9 spite ( its ext5t & f]tility4 ,giv+ rhetorical v5t to _! sple5 & prejudice1 !y exagg]at$ nature's meagr5ess & ma!matical dryness4 ,:5 _! imag9ation 0 *ill$ !y spoke ( nature1 mo/ unw>rantably1 z dead1 & :5 _! judgm5t 0 heat$ !y took ! next /ep & call$ x unreal4 ,a man is n bl9d1 h[ev]1 because e "p ( 8 body is n an eye1 nor e muscle 9 8 eye a n]ve s5sitive to light4 ,:y1 !n1 is nature dead1 al?\gh x sw>ms ) liv+ organisms1 if e "p is n obvi\sly animate8 ,& :y is ! sun d>k & cold1 if x is bright & hot only to animal s5sibility8 ,?is s5seless lam5tation is l ! sophism ( ^? ,indian prea*]s :o1 to make m5 ab&on ! illusions ( self-love1 dilat$ on ! %ock+ cont5ts ( ! human body4 ,take (f ! sk91 !y cri$1 & y w discov] no?+ b loa?some ble$+ & quiv]+ sub/ances4 ,yet ! inn] organs are well en\gh 9 _! place & d\btless pleas+ to ! microbes t inhabit !m2 & a man is n hide\s because 8 cross-section w\ld n (f] ! features ( a beautiful c\nt5ance4 ,s ! /ructure ( ! _w is n !re=e b>r5 or odi\s because1 if y remov$ its natural out] aspect & effects1 x w\ld n make an int]e/+ l&scape4 ,beauty be+ an appe>ance & life an op]ation1 t is surely beautiful & liv+ :i* s op]ates & s appe>s z to manife/ ^? qualities4 ,sid5ote3 nor especially cruel4 ,x is true t mat]ialism prophesies an ultimate ext9ction = man & all 8 works4 ,! horror :i* ?is prospect inspires 9 ! natural man might be mitigat$ by reflection2 b1 grant+ ! horror1 is x some?+ introduc$ by me*anical !ories & n pres5t 9 exp]i5ce itself8 ,are human ?+s inw>dly /able8 ,d !y belong to ! et]nal 9 any s5se 9 :i* ! op]ation ( mat]ial =ces c t\* _! immortality8 ,! panic :i* seems to seize "s m9ds at ! ?\ght ( a m]ely natural exi/5ce is some?+ truly hy/]ical2 & yet "o wond]s :y ultimate peace %\ld seem s intol]able to p :o n s _m ye>s ago f\nd a /]n religi\s satisfaction 9 consign+ almo/ ! :ole human race to p]petual torture1 ! ,creator1 z ,sa9t ,augu/9e tells u1 hav+ 9 8 inf9ite wisdom & ju/ice devis$ a special k9d ( mat]ial fire t might avail to burn resurrect$ bodies = ev] )\t consum+ !m4 ,a v real tru? might be read into ?is savage symbol1 if we und]/ood x to express ! ultimate defeats & fruitless agonies t pursue human folly2 & s we might f9d t x gave my?ical expression to j t condition$ =tune & inexorable flux :i* a me*anical philosophy %[s u ! gr\nds (4 ,our own vices 9 ano!r man seem p>ticul>ly hide\s2 & s ^? actual evils :i* we take = grant$ :5 incorporat$ 9 ! curr5t sy/em /rike u afre% :5 we see !m 9 a new sett+4 ,b x is n me*anical sci5ce t introduc$ mutability into ?+s nor mat]ialism t inv5t$ dea?4 ,sid5ote3 ,me*anism to be judg$ by its fruits4 ,! dea? ( individuals1 z we obs]ve daily 9 nature1 does n prev5t ! reappe>ance ( life2 & if we *oose to indulge 9 arbitr>y judgm5ts on a subject :]e data fail u1 we may z reasonably wi% t !re might be less life z t !re might be m4 ,! passion = a l>ge & p]man5t population 9 ! univ]se is n obvi\sly rational2 at a great di/ance a man mu/ view ev]y?+1 includ+ himself1 "u ! =m ( et]nity1 & :5 life is s view$ its l5g? or its diffusion becomes a po9t ( little importance4 ,:at matt]s !n is quality4 ,! reasonable & humane dem& to make ( ! _w is t su* creatures z exi/ %\ld n be unhappy & t life1 :atev] its quantity1 %\ld h a quality t may ju/ify x 9 its own eyes4 ,?is j dem&1 made by consci5ce & n by an arbitr>y fancy1 ! _w describ$ by me*anism does n fulfil altoge!r1 = adju/m5ts 9 x are t5tative1 & mu* friction mu/ prec$e & foll[ ^u any vital equilibrium atta9$4 ,?is imp]fection1 h[ev]1 is actual1 & no !ory c ov]come x except by v]bal fallacies & sc>cely deceptive euphemisms4 ,:at me*anism involves 9 ?is respect is exactly :at we f9d3 a t5tative appe>ance ( life 9 _m qu>t]s1 its disappe>ance 9 "s1 & its re9=cem5t & propagation 9 o!rs1 :]e ! physical equilibrium atta9$ insures to x a natural /ability & a natural prosp]ity4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,hesitations ,,9 ,,me?od ,sid5ote3 ,me*anism re/rict$ to "o-half ( exi/5ce4 ,:5 ,democritus proclaim$ ! sov]eignty ( me*anism1 he did s 9 ! oracul> fa%ion prop] to an anci5t sage4 ,he f\nd x no h>d] to apply 8 atomic !ory to ! m9d & to ! gods ?an to solids & fluids4 ,x suffic$ to conceive t su* an explanation might be possible1 & to illu/rate ! !ory by a few scatt]$ facts & tr5*ant hypo!ses4 ,:5 ,desc>tes1 aft] tw5ty c5turies ( v]bal physics1 re9troduc$ me*anism into philosophy1 he made a /rik+ modification 9 its claims4 ,he divid$ exi/5ce into two indep5d5t regions1 & x 0 only 9 "o1 9 ! realm ( ext5d$ ?+s1 t me*anism 0 expect$ to prevail4 ,m5tal facts1 :i* he approa*$ f ! side ( ab/ract$ reflection & ,platonic ideas1 seem$ to him obvi\sly non-ext5d$1 ev5 :5 !y repres5t$ ext5sion2 & ) !m me*anism c\ld h no?+ to d4 ,desc>tes _h recov]$ 9 ! sci5ce ( me*anics a firm nucleus = physical !ory1 a /ronghold f :i* x _h become impossible to dislodge sci5tific me?ods4 ,!re1 at any rate1 =m1 mass1 di/ance1 & o!r ma!matical relations gov]n$ ! trans=mation ( ?+s4 ,yet ! v cle>ness & exhau/iv5ess ( ?is me*anical me?od1 z appli$ to gross masses 9 motion1 made x seem ess5tially inapplicable to any?+ else4 ,desc>tes 0 f> too radical & incisive a ?9k]1 h[ev]1 n to feel t x mu/ apply ?r\gh\t nature4 ,imag9ative difficulties due to ! complexity ( animal bodies c\ld n cl\d 8 rational insight4 ,animal bodies1 !n1 7 m]e ma*9es1 cleancut & cold eng9es l s _m anatomical manik9s4 ,!y expla9$ !mselves & all _! op]ations1 talk+ & build+ temples be+ j z truly a matt] ( physics z ! revolution ( ! sky4 ,b ! s\l _h dropp$ out1 & ,desc>tes 0 ! la/ man to ignore ! s\l4 ,!re _h dropp$ out also ! second>y qualities ( matt]1 all ^? qualities1 namely1 :i* are negligible 9 me*anical calculations4 ,me*anism 0 9 tru? f> f univ]sal2 all m5tal facts & half ! prop]ties ( matt]1 z matt] is reveal$ to man1 came into be+ )\t ask+ leave2 !y 7 int]lop]s 9 ! intelligible univ]se4 ,inde$1 ,desc>tes 0 will+ to admit t ^! inexplicable by/&]s might sometimes put _! f+] 9 ! pie1 & /ir ! mat]ial _w judici\sly s z to give x a new direction1 al?\gh )\t add+ to its sub/ance or to its =ce4 ,! situation s creat$ gave ! lit]>y philosoph]s an excell5t *ance to return to ! attack & to swall[ & dige/ ! new-born me*anism 9 _! facile sy/ems4 ,!ologians & metaphysicians 9 "o qu>t] & psy*ologi/s 9 ano!r f\nd x easy & inevitable to treat ! :ole me*anical _w z a m]e idea4 ,9 t case1 x is true1 ! only exi/5ces t rema9$ rema9$ entirely )\t calculable connections2 ev]y?+ 0 a div9e trance or a %[] ( ideas fall+ by *ance ?r\gh ! void4 ,b ?is result might n be unwelcome4 ,x fell 9 well en\gh ) t love ( emotional issues1 t want ( sob]ness & want ( cog5cy1 :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( mod]n philosoph]s4 ,*ri/ian !ology /ill rema9$ ! backgr\nd & *ief po9t ( ref]5ce = speculation2 if its eclectic dogmas c\ld be 9 "p support$ or 9 "p und]m9$1 t con/itut$ a suffici5t lit]>y success1 & :at became ( sci5ce 0 ( little mom5t 9 comp>ison4 ,sid5ote3 ,m5 ( sci5ce n speculative4 ,sci5ce1 to be sure1 c\ld v well take c>e ( itself & proce$$ 9 its pati5t c\rse )\t c>+ p>ticul>ly :at /atus ! metaphysicians might assign to x4 ,n to be a philosoph] is ev5 an advantage = a man ( sci5ce1 because he is !n m will+ to adapt 8 me?ods to ! /ate ( k 9 8 p>ticul> subject1 )\t insi/+ on ultimate intelligibility2 & he has p]haps m joy ( 8 discov]ies ?an he might h if he _h disc\nt$ !m 9 8 speculations4 ,d>w91 = in/ance1 did m ?an any "o s9ce ,newton to prove t me*anism is univ]sal1 b )\t app>5tly believ+ t x really 0 s1 or c>+ ab\t ! "q at all4 ,9 natural hi/ory1 obs]vation has n yet come )9 range ( accurate processes2 x m]ely regi/]s habits & traces empirical d]ivations4 ,ev5 9 *emi/ry1 :ile measure & proportion are bett] felt1 ! ultimate units & ! radical laws are /ill problematical4 ,! rec5t imm5se advances 9 sci5ce h be5 9 acqua9tance ) nature r ?an 9 insight4 ,great] complexity1 great] regul>ity1 great] naturalness h be5 discov]$ ev]y:]e2 ! pr(\nd analogies 9 ?+s1 _! common evolution1 h appe>$ unmi/akably2 b ! inn] texture ( ! process has n be5 laid b>e4 ,?is cauti\s p]iph]al attack1 :i* does s mu* hon\r to ! sci5tific army & has won x s _m useful victories1 is ano!r pro( t sci5ce is no?+ b common k ext5d$4 ,x is will+ to reckon 9 any t]ms & to /udy any subject-matt]2 :]e x _c see necessity x w notice law2 :]e laws _c be /at$ x w describe habits2 :]e habits fail x w classify types2 & :]e types ev5 are indisc]nible x w n despise /ati/ics4 ,9 ?is way /udies :i* are sci5tific 9 _s1 h[ev] loose _! results1 may be c>ri$ on 9 social matt]s1 9 political economy1 9 an?ropology1 9 psy*ology4 ,! hi/orical sci5ces1 also1 philology & ar*ology1 h rea*$ t5tatively v important results2 x is en\gh t an intellig5t man %\ld ga!r 9 any qu>t] a ri* fund ( in=mation1 = ! movem5t ( 8 subject to pass someh[ to 8 m9d3 & if 8 appreh5sion foll[s t movem5t--n break+ 9 ^u x ) extrane\s matt]--x w be sci5tific appreh5sion4 ,sid5ote3 ,confusion 9 semi-moral subjects4 ,:at confuses & ret>ds sci5ce 9 ^! ambigu\s regions is ! difficulty ( gett+ rid ( ! =eign elem5t1 or ev5 ( decid+ :at ! elem5t native to ! object is4 ,9 political economy1 = in/ance1 x is f> f cle> :e!r ! subject is moral1 & !re=e to be /udi$ & express$ dialectically1 or :e!r x is descriptive1 & s 9 ! end a matt] ( facts & ( me*anics4 ,are y =mulat+ an int]e/ or trac+ a sequ5ce ( ev5ts8 ,& if bo? simultane\sly1 are y /udy+ ! _w 9 ord] to see :at acts1 9 a giv5 situation1 w\ld s]ve y\r purpose & s be "r1 or are y tak+ note ( y\r own int5tions1 & ( ^? ( o!r p1 9 ord] to inf] f !m ! probable c\rse ( affairs8 ,9 ! fir/ case y are a morali/ obs]v+ nature 9 ord] to use x2 y are def9+ a policy1 & t def9ition is n k ( any?+ except ( y\r own he>t4 ,nei!r y nor any "o else may ev] take su* a s+le-m9d$ & un*eck$ c\rse 9 ! _w z ! "o y are excogitat+4 ,no "o may ev] h be5 guid$ 9 ! pa/ by any su* absolute plan4 ,= ?is same reason1 if 7to take up ! o!r supposition7 y are a naturali/ /udy+ ! actual movem5t ( affairs1 y w\ld d well n to rely on ! consci\s views or int5tions ( anybody4 ,a natural philosoph] is on dang]\s gr\nd :5 he uses psy*ological or moral t]ms 9 8 calculation4 ,if y use su* t]ms--& to =bid _! use altoge!r w\ld be p$antic--y %\ld take !m = conv5tional lit]>y expressions1 cov]+ an unsolv$ problem2 = ^! views & int5tions h a brief & inconsequ5tial t5ure ( life & _! exi/5ce is m]ely a sign = c]ta9 conjunctions 9 nature1 :]e processes hail+ f af> h met 9 a man1 soon to pass beyond him4 ,if !y figure z causes 9 nature1 x is only because !y repres5t ! mat]ial processes t h br\ght !m into be+4 ,! exi/5tial elem5t 9 m5tal facts is n s remote f matt] z ,desc>tes imag9$4 ,ev5 if we are n prep>$ to admit ) ,democritus t matt] is :at makes !m up 7z x well might if 8matt]0 7 tak5 9 a logical s5se7,b we %\ld agree t _! sub/ance is 9 me*anical flux1 & t _! =m1 by :i* !y become moral unities1 is only an ideal aspect ( t mov+ sub/ance4 ,moral unities are creat$ by a po9t ( view1 z "r & left are1 & = t reason are n efficaci\s2 ?\gh ( c\rse ! exi/5ces !y enclose1 l ! ?+s ly+ to ! left & to ! "r1 move 9 unison ) ! re/ ( nature4 ,p d\btless d well to keep an eye op5 = morals :5 !y /udy physics1 & vice v]sa1 s9ce x is only by feel+ h[ ! two sph]es hang toge!r t ! ,life ( ,reason c be made to walk on bo? feet4 ,yet to discrim9ate betwe5 ! two is no s*ola/ic subtlety4 ,!re is ! same practical inconv5i5ce 9 tak+ "o = ! o!r z 9 try+ to ga!r grapes f ?i/les4 ,a hybrid sci5ce is /]ile4 ,if ! reason escapes u1 hi/ory %\ld at lea/ conv9ce u ( ! fact1 :5 we rememb] ! issue ( ,ari/otelian physics & ( cosmological morals4 ,:]e ! subject-matt] is ambigu\s & ! me?od d\ble1 y h sc>cely rea*$ a result :i* seems plausible = ! mom5t1 :5 a rival s*ool spr+s up1 adopt+ & br++ =w>d ! subm]g$ elem5t 9 y\r view1 & reject+ y\r a*ievem5t altoge!r4 ,a seesaw & endless controv]sy ?us take ! place ( a /eady1 co-op]ative advance4 ,?is disord] reigns 9 morals1 metaphysics1 & psy*ology1 & ! conflict+ s*ools ( political economy & ( hi/ory l\dly proclaim x to ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 8,physic ( metaphysic begs def5ce40 ,! mode/y ( m5 ( sci5ce1 _! av]sion 7or incapacity7 to c>ry _! pr9ciples ov] into speculation1 has left ! great] "p ( physics or ! !ory ( exi/5ce to ! metaphysicians4 ,:at !y h made ( x does n conc]n u "h1 s9ce ! result has c]ta9ly n be5 a sci5ce2 inde$ !y h obscur$ ! v notion t !re %\ld be a sci5ce ( all exi/5ce & t metaphysics1 if x is m ?an a "n = ultimate physics1 c be no?+ b dialectic1 :i* does n look t[>d exi/5ce at all4 ,b ! preval5ce ( a my?ical physics1 purport+ to describe ! /ructure ( ! univ]se 9 t]ms q o!r ?an ^? :i* sci5tific physics c\ld use1 has affect$ ?is sci5tific physics & s]i\sly confus$ x4 ,its core1 9 me*anics1 to be sure1 c\ld n be t\*$2 & ! detail ev5 ( natural hi/ory & *emi/ry c\ld n be disfigur$3 b ! g5]al aspect ( natural hi/ory c\ld be r5d]$ ambigu\s 9 ! doctr9e ( evolution2 :ile 9 psy*ology1 :i* attempt$ to deal ) t half ( ! _w :i* ,desc>tes _h n subject$ to me*anism1 confusion c\ld hold undisput$ sway4 ,sid5ote3 ,evolution by me*anism4 ,!re is a s5se 9 :i* ! notion ( evolution is involv$ 9 any me*anical sy/em4 ,desc>tes inde$ _h gone s f> z to describe1 9 /rangely simple t]ms1 h[ ! _w1 ) all its detail1 might h be5 produc$ by />t+ any motion any:]e 9 ! mid/ ( a pl5um at re/4 ,! idea ( evolution c\ld n be m curtly put =?2 s mu* s t ,desc>tes _h to arm himself aga9/ ! inevitable *>ge t he 0 d5y+ ! creation1 by prote/+ t 8 doctr9e 0 a supposition contr>y to fact1 & t ?\gh ! _w might h be5 s =m$1 x 0 really creat$ z ,g5esis record$4 ,moreov]1 9 antiquity1 e ,ionian philosoph] _h conceiv$ a gradual cry/allisation ( nature2 :ile ,emp$ocles1 9 8 magnific5t oracles1 _h anticipat$ ,d>w9's philosophy )\t ,d>w9's k4 ,x is cle> t if ! =ces t hold an organism toge!r are me*anical1 & !re=e indep5d5t ( ! ideal unities !y subt5d1 ^? =ces suffice to expla9 ! orig9 ( ! organism1 & c h produc$ x4 ,d>w9's discov]ies1 l e o!r advance 9 physical insight1 are no?+ b fill+ = t ab/ract assurance4 ,!y %[ u h[ ! suppos$ me*anism really works 9 "o p>ticul> field1 9 "o /age ( its elaboration4 ,z e>li] naturali/s _h %[n u h[ me*anical causes might produce ! miracle ( ! sunrise & ! poetry ( ! seasons1 s ,d>w9 %[$ u h[ simil> causes might secure ! adaptation ( animals to _! habitat4 ,evolution1 s conceiv$1 is no?+ b a detail$ acc\nt ( me*anical orig9s4 ,sid5ote3 ,evolution by ideal attraction4 ,at ! same "t ! ^w evolution has a c]ta9 pomp & glam\r ab\t x :i* fits ill ) s prosaic an int]pretation4 ,9 ! unfold+ ( a bud we are wont to see1 z x 71 ! fulfilm5t ( a pr$et]m9$ & glori\s de/9y2 = ! se$ 0 an epitome or cond5sation ( a full-bl[n plant & held )9 x1 9 "s sort ( pot5tial guise1 ! v =m :i* n[ peeps out 9 ! "y fl[]4 ,evolution sugge/s a prior involution or contraction & ! subsequ5t manife/ation ( an innate ideal4 ,evolution %\ld move t[>d a fix$ consummation ! approa*es to :i* we might obs]ve & measure4 ,yet evolution1 9 ?is prophetic s5se ( ! ^w1 w\ld be ! exact d5ial ( :at ,d>w91 = in/ance1 0 try+ to prove4 ,x w\ld be a return to ,ari/otelian notions ( h]$ity & pot5tial be+2 = x 0 ! ess5ce ( ,ari/otle's physics--( :i* 8 !ology 0 an integral "p & a logical capp+--t ! =ms :i* be+s approa*$ pre-exi/$ 9 o!r be+s f :i* !y _h be5 inh]it$1 & t ! int]m$iate /ages dur+ :i* ! butt]fly %rank to a grub c\ld n be und]/ood unless we ref]r$ !m to _! orig9 & _! de/9y4 ,! physical ess5ce & pot5cy ( se$s lay 9 _! ideal relations1 n 9 any actual organisation !y might possess 9 ! day ( _! eclipse & slumb]4 ,an egg evolv$ into a *ick5 n by me*anical necessity--= an egg _h a comp>atively simple /ructure--b by virtue ( an ideal h>mony 9 ?+s2 s9ce x 0 natural & fitt+ t :at _h come f a h5 %\ld lead on to a h5 aga94 ,! ideal nature possess$ by ! p>5t1 hov]+ ov] ! passive se$1 magically induc$ x to gr[ into ! p>5t's semblance2 & gr[? 0 ! gradual approa* to ! p]fection :i* ?is ance/ral ess5ce prescrib$4 ,?is 0 :y ,ari/otle's ,god1 ?\gh 9 "* an unmi/akable ideal1 _h to be at ! same "t an actual exi/5ce2 s9ce ! _w w\ld n h kn[n :i* way to move or :at 0 its inn] ideal1 unless ?is ideal1 already embodi$ some:]e else1 drew x on & infus$ movem5t & direction into ! _w's /ructureless sub/ance4 ,! und]ly+ ,platonism 9 ?is magical physics is obvi\s1 s9ce ! natures t ,ari/otle made to rule ! _w 7 et]nal natures4 ,an individual might fail to be a p]fect man or a p]fect monkey1 b ! specific human or simian ideal1 by :i* he _h be5 =m$ 9 s f> z he 0 =m$ at all1 0 n affect$ by ?is accid5tal resi/ance 9 ! matt] at h&1 z an adamant9e seal1 ev5 if at times ! wax by defect or impurity fail$ to receive a p]fect impression1 w\ld rema9 un*ang$ & ready to be /amp$ p]petually on new mat]ial4 ,sid5ote3 ,if species are evolv$ !y _c guide evolution4 ,! contra/ is obvi\s betwe5 ?is ,platonic physics & a naturalism l t ( ,d>w94 ,! po9t ( evolution1 z selection produces x1 is t new species may arise4 ,! v title ( ,d>w9's book 8,! ,orig9 ( ,species0 is a d5ial ( ,ari/otelianism &1 9 ! pregnant s5se1 ( evolution4 ,x sugge/s t ! type approa*$ by ea* g5]ation may diff] f t approa*$ by ! previ\s "o2 t n m]ely ! degree ( p]fection1 b ! direction ( gr[?1 may v>y4 ,! individual is n m]ely unfold$ f an inn] pot5tiality d]iv$ f a l ance/or & c>ry+ ) x a fix$ et]nal ideal1 b on ! contr>y ! v gr\nd plan ( organisation may gradually *ange & a new =m & a new ideal may appe>4 ,spontane\s v>iations--( c\rse me*anically caus$,c--may occur & may modify ! h]$it>y =m ( animals4 ,^! v>iations1 sup]pos$ ^u "o ano!r1 may 9 "t con/itute a nature :olly unlike its fir/ orig9al4 ,?is accid5tal1 cumulative evolution accord+ly ju/ifies a decl>ation ( moral lib]ty4 ,i am n oblig$ to aspire to ! nature my fa!r aspir$ to1 = ! gr\nd ( my be+ is p>tly new4 ,9 me nature is mak+ a novel exp]im5t4 ,i am ! ador+ creator ( a new spiritual good4 ,my duties h %ift$ ) my %ift+ faculties1 & ! ideal :i* ,i propose to myself1 & alone c hone/ly propose1 is unprec$5t$1 ! expression ( a mov+ exi/5ce & )\t au?ority beyond ! range ( exi/5ces congru\s ) m9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,intrusion ( optimism4 ,all t is sci5tific or ,d>w9ian 9 ! !ory ( evolution is accord+ly an application ( me*anism1 a pro( t me*anism lies at ! basis ( life & morals4 ,! ,ari/otelian notion ( developm5t1 h[ev]1 0 too deeply root$ 9 tradition = x to disappe> at a brea?4 ,evolution z conceiv$ by ,hegel1 = in/ance1 or ev5 by ,sp5c]1 reta9$ ,ari/otelian elem5ts1 ?\gh ^! 7 disguis$ & hidd5 "u a cl\d ( new words4 ,bo? id5tify evolution ) progress1 ) bett]m5t2 a notion :i* w\ld naturally be prom95t 9 any "o ) enlight5$ sympa?ies liv+ 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :5 a new social & intellectual ord] 0 =c+ itself on a _w t happ5$ l>gely to welcome ! *ange1 b a notion t has no?+ to d ) natural sci5ce4 ,! fitte/ to live ne$ n be ^? ) ! mo/ h>moni\s inn] life nor ! be/ possibilities4 ,! fitness might be due to numb]s1 z 9 a political election1 or to t\gh fibre1 z 9 a tropical climate4 ,( c\rse a =m ( be+ t circum/ances make impossible or hopelessly labori\s _h bett] dive "u & cease = ! mom5t to be2 b ! circum/ances t r5d] x inopportune d n r5d] x ess5tially inf]ior4 ,circum/ances h no p[] ( t k9d2 & p]haps ! wor/ incid5t 9 ! popul> acceptance ( evolution has be5 a c]ta9 brutality !reby introduc$ into moral judgm5t1 an abdication ( human ideals1 a mock+ indiff]5ce to ju/ice1 "u cov] ( respect = :at is b\nd to be1 & = ! r\gh economy ( ! _w4 ,disloyalty to ! good 9 ! guise ( philosophy _h appe>$ also among ! anci5ts1 :5 _! political e?ics _h lo/ its au?ority1 j z x appe>$ among u :5 ! pre/ige ( religion _h decl9$4 ,! ,epicureans sometimes said t "o %\ld pursue pleasure because all ! animals did s1 & ! ,/oics t "o %\ld fill "o's appo9t$ place 9 nature1 because su* 0 ! practice ( cl\ds & riv]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,evolution accord+ to ,hegel4 ,hegel possess$ a ke5 sc5t = in/ability 9 m5's attitudes & op9ions2 he _h no ne$ ( ,d>w9's facts to conv9ce him t 9 moral life1 at lea/1 !re 7 no p]man5t species & t e po/ure ( ?\ght 0 an unt5able half-way /ation betwe5 two o!rs4 ,8 e>ly contact ) ,prote/ant !ology may h pr$ispos$ him to t op9ion4 ,at any rate he _h no sympa?y ) t ,platonism t all[$ ev]y?+ to h its et]nal ideal1 ) :i* x might ultimately be id5tifi$4 ,su* ideals w\ld be f9ite1 !y w\ld arre/ ! flux1 & !y w\ld try to break loose f _! envelop+ conditions4 ,hegel 0 no morali/ 9 ! ,socratic s5se1 b a naturali/ seek+ =mulas = ! gr[? ( moral exp]i5ce4 ,in/ead ( que/ion+ ! he>t1 he some:at satirically describ$ its hi/ory4 ,at ! same "t he 0 heir to t my?ology :i* _h deifi$ ! g5etic or physical pr9ciple 9 ?+s1 & ?\gh ! traditional my?s suff]$ cruel op]ations at 8 h&s1 & (t5 di$ ( explanation1 ! my?ical pr9ciple itself rema9$ unt\*$ & 0 ! v brea? ( 8 no/rils4 ,he nev] d\bt$ t ! =mula he might f9d = ! gr[? ( exp]i5ce w\ld be also ! ultimate good4 ,:at o!r purpose c\ld ! _w h ?an to express ! =mula accord+ to :i* x 0 be+ g5]at$8 ,9 ?is hone/ conviction we see ! root1 p]haps1 ( t di/a/e = correct physics t prevails among _m :o call !mselves ideali/s4 ,if physics 7 = "s reason to be ador$1 x w\ld be disconc]t+ to f9d 9 physics no?+ b atoms & a void4 ,x is h>d to und]/&1 h[ev]1 :y a fanciful =mula express+ ! evolution ( ?is p]turb$ univ]se1 & pa9t+ x no bett] ?an x is1 %\ld be m wor%ipful ?an an exact =mula meant to p]=m ! same (fice4 ,a my? t enl>g$ ! _w & promis$ a complete trans=mation ( its "* might h its *>ms2 b ! improvem5t is n obvi\s t accrues by mak+ ! drift ( ?+s1 j z x drifts1 its own /&>d4 ,yet = ,hegel x matt]$ no?+ h[ un/able all ideals might be1 s9ce ! only use ( !m 0 to express a pr9ciple ( transition1 & ?is pr9ciple 0 be+ realis$1 et]nally & unaw>es1 by ! self-dev\r+ & self-transc5d+ purposes roll+ 9 ! flux4 ,sid5ote3 ,! cons]vative int]pretation4 ,?is philosophy might n be mu* reli%$ if x 7 m frankly express$2 yet some?+ ( ! sort floats vaguely be=e mo/ m9ds :5 !y ?9k ( evolution4 ,! types ( be+ *ange1 !y say3 9 ?is s5se ! ,ari/otelian notion ( a pr$et]m9$ =m unfold+ itself 9 ea* species has yield$ to a m correct & m dynamic physics4 ,b ! *anges1 s p imag9e1 express a pr$et]m9$ ideal1 no long]1 ( c\rse1 ! ideal ( ^! specific ?+s1 b "o ov]>*+ ! cosmic movem5t4 ,! situation might be describ$ by say+ t ?is is ,ari/otle's view adapt$ to a _w 9 :i* !re is only "o species or only "o individual4 ,! e>li] phases ( life are an imp]fect expression ( ! same nature :i* ! lat] phases express m fully4 ,h5ce ! triumphant m>* ( evolution & ! assumption t :atev] is lat] is necess>ily bett] ?an :at w5t be=e4 ,if a *ild 7 simply ! p>tial expression ( a man1 8 s+le desire w\ld be to gr[ up1 & :5 he 0 gr[n up he w\ld embody all he _h be5 /riv+ = & w\ld be happy = ev] aft]4 ,s if man 7 no?+ b a halt+ reproduction ( div9ity & de/9$ to become ,god1 8 :ole de/9y w\ld be fulfill$ by apo!osis4 ,if ?is apo!osis1 moreov]1 7 an actual future ev5t1 some?+ e man & animal 0 "s day to exp]i5ce1 evolution might really h a f9al goal1 & might lead to a new & presumably bett] sort ( exi/5ce--exi/5ce 9 ! et]nal4 ,some:at 9 ?is fa%ion evolution is und]/ood by ! p>ty t wi% to comb9e x ) a refre%$ patri/ic !ology4 ,sid5ote3 ,! radical "o4 ,!re is an esot]ic way1 h[ev]1 ( tak+ ^! matt]s :i* is m 9 sympa?y bo? ) natural evolution & ) transc5d5tal philosophy4 ,if we ass]t t evolution is inf9ite1 no sub/antive goal c be set to x4 ,! goal w be ! process itself1 if we c\ld only op5 our eyes ^u its beauty & necessity4 ,! apo!osis w be retroactive1 nay1 x has already tak5 place4 ,! insight involv$ is my/ical1 yet 9 a way m j to ! facts ?an any promise ( ult]ior blisses4 ,= x is n really true t a *ild has no o!r ideal ?an to become a man4 ,*ildhood has _m an ideal ( its own1 _m a beauty & joy irrelevant to manhood1 & su* t manhood is incapable ( reta9+ or conta9+ !m4 ,if ! ultimate good is really to conta9 & reta9 all ! o!rs1 x c h>dly be any?+ b _! totality--! inf9ite hi/ory ( exp]i5ce view$ "u ! =m ( et]nity4 ,at t remove1 h[ev]1 ! lea/ 9 ! k+dom ( ,heav5 is ev5 z ! greate/1 & ! idea ( evolution1 z ( "t1 is 8tak5 up into a high] unity40 ,!re c\ld be no real pre-em95ce 9 "o man's works ov] ^? ( ano!r2 & if fai?1 or insight into ! equal s]vice done by all1 /ill seem$ a sub/antial privilege res]v$ = ! elect1 ?is privilege1 too1 mu/ be an illusion1 s9ce ^? :o d n "k h[ useful & necess>y !y are mu/ be z useful & necess>y z ^? :o d4 ,an absolute pref]5ce = k or self-consci\sness w\ld be an unmi/akably human & f9ite ideal--some?+ to be outgr[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,megalomania4 ,:at practically survives 9 ^! sy/ems1 :5 _! my/icism & naturalism h _h "t to settle1 is a cle> en\gh /&>d4 ,x is a /&>d ( inclusion & quantity4 ,s9ce all is ne$ful1 & ! ju/ify+ :ole is inf9ite1 !re w\ld seem to be a great] dignity 9 ! l>g] "p4 ,z ! be/ copy ( a picture1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 w\ld be "o t repres5t$ x all1 s ! be/ expression ( ! _w1 next to ! _w itself1 w\ld be ! l>ge/ portion ( x any "o c\ld absorb4 ,progress w\ld !n mean annexation4 ,gr[? w\ld n come by express+ bett] an innate s\l :i* involv$ a p>ticul> ideal1 b by assimilat+ m & m ext]nal ?+s till ! orig9al s\l1 by _! influ5ce1 0 :olly reca/ & unrecognisable4 ,?is moral agility w\ld be true m]it2 we %\ld always be 8/riv+ onw>d40 ,life w\ld be a sort ( demonic vortex1 boil+ at ! c5tre & omnivor\s at ! circumf]5ce1 till x f9ally realis$ ! supreme vocation ( vortices1 to h 8_! c5tre ev]y:]e & _! circumf]5ce n[h]e40 ,?is some:at tr\bl$ situation might seem sublime to u1 trans=m$ z we too %\ld be2 & s we might rea* ! mo/ rem>kable & d\btless ! 8highe/0 =m ( optimism--optimism 9 hell4 ,sid5ote3 ,*aos 9 ! !ory ( m9d4 ,confus+ z ^! cross-curr5ts & revulsions may prove 9 ! field :]e me*anism is m or less at home1 9 ! field ( mat]ial op]ations1 !y are no?+ to ! primeval *aos t /ill broods ov] ! o!r hemisph]e1 ov] ! m5tal phase ( exi/5ce4 ,! difficulty is n m]ely t no me*anism is discov]$ or ackn[l$g$ "h1 b t ! ph5om5a !mselves are ambigu\s1 & no "o seems to "k :5 he speaks ( m9d :e!r he means some?+ =mal & ideal1 l ,platonic ess5ces & ma!matical tru?s1 or reflection & intellig5ce1 or s5sation possess+ ext]nal causes & objects1 or f9ally t ultimate imm$iacy or brute actuality :i* is *>act]i/ic ( any exi/5ce4 ,o!r ev5 vagu] notions are d\btless (t5 designat$ by ! ^w psy*ical2 b ^! may suffice = u to recognise ! initial dilemmas 9 ! subject & ! futility ( try+ to build a sci5ce ( m9d1 or def9+ ! relation ( m9d to matt]1 :5 x is n settl$ :e!r m9d means ! =m ( matt]1 z ) ! ,platoni/s1 or ! effect ( x1 z ) ! mat]iali/s1 or ! seat & false k ( x1 z ) ! transc5d5tali/s1 or p]haps aft] all1 z ) ! pan-psy*i/s1 m9d means exactly matt] itself4,d ,sid5ote3 ,orig9 ( self-consci\sness4 ,to see h[ equivocal ev]y?+ is 9 ?is region1 & possibly to cat* "s glimpse ( :atev] sci5ce or sci5ces might "s day def9e x1 we may rev]t = a mom5t to ! orig9 ( human notions conc]n+ ! m9d4 ,if ei!r ev]y?+ or no?+ t m5 came ^u 9 _! primitive day-dream _h be5 cont9u\s 9 its own category & traceable ?r\gh ! labyr9? ( ! _w1 no m9d & no self-consci\sness ne$ ev] h appe>$ at all4 ,! _w might h be5 z magical z x pleas$2 x w\ld h rema9$ s+le1 "o budd+ sequ5ce ( =ms ) no transmissible sub/ance b5ea? !m4 ,^! =ms might h _h prop]ties we n[ call physical & at ! same "t qualities we n[ call m5tal or emotional2 !re is no?+ orig9ally incongru\s 9 su* a mixture1 *aotic & p]v]se z x may seem f ! vantage-gr\nd ( subsequ5t di/9ctions4 ,exi/5ce might z easily h _h any o!r =m :atsoev] z ! "o we discov] x to h 9 fact4 ,& primitive m51 n hav+ read ,desc>tes1 & n hav+ ev5 di/+ui%$ _! wak+ f _! dream+ life nor _! passions f _! environm5t1 might well /& 9 ! pres5ce ( facts t seem to u full ( inw>d incongruity & contradiction2 inde$1 x is only because orig9al data 7 ( t *aotic sort t we call ourselves intellig5t = hav+ dis5tangl$ !m & assign$ !m to di/9ct sequ5ces & alt]native sph]es4 ,! ambiguities & hesitations ( !ory1 d[n to our own day1 are n all artificial or introduc$ gratuit\sly by sophi/s4 ,ev5 :]e prejudice ob/ructs progress1 t prejudice itself has "s anci5t & +5u\s s\rce4 ,our p]plexities are traces ( a primitive total confusion2 our d\bts are remnants ( a q gap+ ignorance4 ,x 0 impossible to say :e!r ! phantasms t fir/ cross$ ?is e>?ly sc5e 7 m]ely in/9ct ) passion or 7 v]itable passions /alk+ ?r\gh space4 ,mat]ial & m5tal elem5ts1 connections natural & dialectical1 exi/$ m+l$ 9 t *aos4 ,light 0 z yet insep>able f inw>d vitality & pa9 drew a visible cl\d across ! sky4 ,civilis$ life is t e>ly dream p>tly cl>ifi$2 sci5ce is t d5se my?ology p>tly *all5g$ & /raight5$ out4 ,! flux1 h[ev]1 0 meantime full ( me?od1 if only discrim9ation & enl>g$ exp]i5ce c\ld h manag$ to div9e x4 ,its incon/ancy1 = "o ?+1 0 n s entire t no objects c\ld be fix$ )9 x1 or m>%all$ 9 gr\ps1 l ! birds t flock toge!r4 ,animals c\ld be readily di/+ui%$ f ! ?+s ab\t !m1 _! rate ( mobility be+ s mu* quick]2 & "o animal 9 p>ticul> w\ld at once be s+l$ out1 a m con/ant foll[] ?an any dog1 & "o ^: en]gies 7 n m]ely felt b (t5 spontane\sly ex]t$--a ph5om5on :i* appe>$ 9 no o!r "p ( ! _w4 ,?is s+ul> animal e "o call$ himself4 ,"o object 0 ?us discov]$ to be ! vehicle = p]ceiv+ & affect+ all ! o!rs1 a movable seat or t[] f :i* ! _w might be survey$4 ,sid5ote3 ,! notion ( _s4 ,! ext]nal influ5ces to :i* ?is body1 ) its disc\rs+ m9d1 seem$ to be subject 7 by no means all visible & mat]ial4 ,j z "o's own body 0 mov$ by passions & ?\ghts :i* no "o else c\ld see--& ?is secrecy 0 a subject = mu* wond] & self-congratulation--s evid5tly o!r ?+s _h a _s )9 or above !m to end[ !m ) wit & p[]4 ,x 0 n s mu* to conta9 s5sation t ?is _s 0 ne$$ 7= ! body c\ld v well feel7 z to contrive plans ( action & dis*>ge sudd5 =ce into ! _w on mom5t\s occasions4 ,h[ deep-drawn1 h[ f>-rea*+1 ?is _s might be 0 n easily det]m9$2 b x seem$ to h unacc\ntable ways & to come & g f di/ant habitations4 ,?+s pa/1 = in/ance1 7 /ill op5 to its inspection2 ! m9d 0 n cr$it$ ) con/ruct+ a fre% image ( ! pa/ :i* might m or less resemble t pa/2 a ray ( sup]natural light1 r1 sometimes c\ld pi]ce to ! pa/ itself & revisit its un*angeable dep?s4 ,! future1 ?\gh m r>ely1 0 op5 to _s 9 exactly ! same fa%ion2 de/9y c\ld on occasion be obs]v$4 ,?+s di/ant & pret]natural 7 simil>ly se5 9 dreams4 ,!re c\ld be no d\bt t all ^? objects exi/$2 ! only "q 0 :]e !y might lie & 9 :at mann] !y might op]ate4 ,a vision 0 a visitation & a dream 0 a j\rney4 ,! _s 0 a great travell]1 & j z x c\ld d>t 9 e direction ov] bo? space & "t1 s x c\ld come !nce into a man's pres5ce or ev5 into 8 body1 to take possession ( x4 ,s5se & fancy1 9 a ^w1 _h n be5 di/+ui%$4 ,z to be aw>e ( vision is a great sign ( imag9ation1 s to be aw>e ( imag9ation is a great sign ( und]/&+4 ,! _s _h o!r pr]ogatives1 ( a m rational sort4 ,! tru?1 ! "r 7 also spirits2 = ?\gh (t5 invisible & d5i$ by m51 !y c\ld em]ge at times f _! invisible lairs to deal "s quick bl[ & v9dicate _! div9ity4 ,! int]mittance prop] to ph5om5a is univ]sal & extreme2 only ! famili> conception ( nature1 9 :i* ! flux becomes cont9u\s1 n[ bl9ds u 9 "p to t fact4 ,b be=e ! days ( sci5tific ?9k+ only ^? ?+s :i* 7 f\nd un*ang$ & :i* seem$ to lie passive 7 conceiv$ to h _h 9 ! int]val a mat]ial exi/5ce4 ,m /irr+ app>itions1 in/ead ( be+ ref]r$ to _! mat]ial con/itu5ts & cont9u\s basis 9 nature1 7 ref]r$ to _s4 ,we /ill say1 = in/ance1 t w> comes on4 ,t phrase w\ld once h be5 und]/ood lit]ally4 ,w>1 be+ some?+ int]mitt5t1 mu/ exi/ someh[ unse5 9 ! int]val1 else x w\ld n return2 t rage1 s p w\ld h fanci$1 is !re=e a _s1 x is a god4 ,m>s & ,ares long surviv$ ! phase ( ?\ght to :i* !y ow$ _! div9ity2 & believ]s _h to rely on habit & ! witness ( antiquity to support _! irrational fai?4 ,!y little ?\ght h[ absolutely simple & inevitable _h be5 ! gramm> by :i* ^? figures1 s9ce gr[n rhetorical1 _h be5 fir/ impos$ ^u ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,! notion ( s5se4 ,ano!r complication soon came to increase ?is confusion4 ,:5 mat]ial objects 7 discov]$ & x became cle> t !y _h comp>atively fix$ natures1 x also became cle> t ) ! motions ( "o's body all o!r ?+s seem$ to v>y 9 ways :i* did n am\nt to a p]man5t or real metamorphosis 9 !m2 = ^! ?+s might be f\nd aga9 un*ang$4 ,objects1 = in/ance1 seem$ to gr[ small] :5 we rec$$ f !m1 ?\gh really1 z we discov]$ by approa*+ & measur+ !m anew1 !y _h rema9$ un*ang$4 ,^! private aspects or views ( ?+s 7 accord+ly di/+ui%$ f ! ?+s !mselves1 :i* 7 lodg$ 9 an intelligible sph]e1 rais$ above anybody's s5sibility & exi/+ indep5d5tly4 ,! v>iable aspects 7 due to ! body2 !y accompani$ its v>iations & dep5d$ on its pres5ce & organs4 ,!y 7 conceiv$ vaguely to exi/ 9 "o's head or1 if !y 7 emotional1 9 "o's he>t2 b anatomy w\ld h _h "s difficulty 9 f9d+ !m !re4 ,!y con/itut$ :at is prop]ly call$ ! m9d--! region ( s5ti5ce1 emotion1 & soliloquy4 ,! m9d 0 ! region :]e ^? aspects :i* real ?+s pres5t to ! body might live & congregate4 ,s und]/ood1 x 0 av[$ly & f ! beg9n+ a realm ( m]e appe>ance & dep5d$ entirely on ! body4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! limbo ( div9e & ideal ?+s1 :i* is sometimes also call$ ! m9d1 is v f> f dep5d+ obvi\sly on ! body & is said to d s only by a late s*ool ( psy*ological sceptics4 ,to primitive appreh5sion _s1 ) its ideal pr]ogatives1 0 some?+ magical & oracul>4 ,its prophetic intuitions 7 f> f be+ m trivial ?an mat]ial appe>ances4 ,on ! contr>y ^? intuitions 7 mom5t\s & inspir+4 ,_! scope 0 indef9ite & _! value incalculable 9 e s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! disembodi$ _s might well be immortal1 s9ce abs5t & dead ?+s 7 famili> to x4 ,x 0 by nature pres5t :]ev] tru? & reality might be f\nd4 ,x 0 prophetic2 ! dreams x fell into 7 full ( auguries & secret aff9ities ) ?+s to come4 ,my? & leg5d1 hat*$ 9 its womb1 7 felt to be div9ely inspir$1 & g5ius seem$ to be ! ,muses' voice he>d 9 a pr(\nd ab/raction1 :5 vulg> p]ception yield$ to "s k9d ( clairvoyance hav+ a high] au?ority ?an s5se4 ,su* a _s might naturally be expect$ to pass into ano!r _w1 s9ce x already dwelt !re at int]vals1 & br\ght !nce its my/]i\s reports4 ,its incursions into ! physical sph]e alone seem$ miracul\s & s5t a ?rill ( awe ?r\gh ! unaccu/om$ fle%4 ,sid5ote3 ,competition betwe5 ! two4 ,! ideal elem5t 9 ! _w 0 accord+ly reg>d$ at fir/ z some?+ sacr$ & t]rify+4 ,x 0 no vulg> pres5ce or private product1 & ?\gh its de/9y might be to pass half ! "t1 l ,p]sephone1 "u gr\nd1 x c\ld n really be degrad$4 ,! human m9d1 on ! o!r h&1 ! region ( s5ti5ce & illusion1 0 a famili> affair en\gh4 ,?is famili>ity1 inde$1 = a long "t br$ contempt & philosoph]s did n ?9k ! p]sonal equation ( individuals1 or ! refraction ( ?+s 9 s5se1 a v important or edify+ subject = /udy4 ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 s5ti5ce _h its rev5ge4 ,z ea* man's :ole exp]i5ce is b\nd to 8 body no less ?an is ! mo/ trivial optical illusion1 ! sph]e ( s5se is ! transc5d5tal gr\nd or ratio cognosc5di ( e o!r sph]e4 ,x suffices1 !re=e1 to make philosophy retrospective & to relax ! practical & dogmatic /ress "u :i* ! intellect op]ates1 = all ! discov]ies made ?r\gh exp]i5ce to collapse into ! exp]i5ce 9 :i* !y 7 made4 ,a complete collapse ( objects is inde$ inconv5i5t1 because x w\ld leave no />t+-po9t = reason+ & no fai? 9 ! significance ( reason itself2 b p>tial collapses1 n[ 9 ! region ( physics1 n[ 9 t ( logic & morals1 are v easy & excit+ feats = criticism to p]=m4 ,passions :5 ab/ract$ f _! bodily causes & values :5 remov$ f _! objects w naturally fall into ! body's m9d1 & be alli$ ) appe>ances4 ,%rewd p w be?9k !mselves to attribute almo/ all ! body's acts to "s prep>atory int5tion or motive 9 its m9d1 & ?us atta9 :at !y ?9k k ( human nature4 ,!y w enc\rage !mselves to live among dramatic fictions1 z :5 absorb$ 9 a novel2 & hav+ made !mselves at home 9 ?is upp] /ory ( _! univ]se1 !y w f9d x amus+ to d5y t x has a gr\nd floor4 ,! *ance ( conceiv+1 by ^! p>tial rev]sals ( sci5ce1 a _w compos$ entirely )\t tr\blesome ma*9]y is too tempt+ n to be tak5 up1 :atev] ! ult]ior risks2 & accord+ly1 :5 once psy*ological criticism is put 9 play1 ! sph]e ( s5se w be enl>g$ at ! exp5se ( ! two rational worlds1 ! mat]ial & ! ideal4 ,sid5ote3 ,! rise ( scepticism4 ,consci\sness1 ?us qualifi$ by all ! s5sible qualities ( ?+s1 w ex]cise an irresi/ible attraction ov] ! sup]natural & ideal realm1 s t all ! gods1 all tru?s1 & all ideals1 z !y h no place among ! suffic+ causes ( exp]i5ce1 w be id5tifi$ ) decay+ s5sations4 ,& pres5tly ^? suppos$ causes !mselves w be retrac$ & drawn back into ! imm$iate vortex1 until ! sceptic has pack$ away nature1 ) all space & "t1 into ! sph]e ( s5su\s illusion1 ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( :i* 0 t x *ang$ ) ! *anges 9 ! human body4 ,! p]sonal ideali/s w decl>e t all body is a "p ( "s body's m9d4 ,?us1 by a curi\s rev]sion1 ! progress ( reflection has l$ to hopeless contradictions4 ,s5se1 :i* 0 discov]$ by obs]v+ ! refraction & int]mitt5ce to :i* appe>ances 7 subject1 9 seem+ to be q diff]5t f :at ?+s 71 n[ tries to subsi/ :5 ! ?+s x 0 ess5tially contra/$ ) h be5 aboli%$4 ,! intellect becomes a ,p5elope1 ^: secret pleasure lies 9 undo+ its o/5sible "w2 & sci5ce1 becom+ p5sive1 loves to relapse into ! dumb actuality & n]veless rev]ie f :i* x _h once extricat$ a _w4 ,! occasion = ?is sophi/ication is wor? not+2 = if we foll[ ! ?read :i* we h trail$ beh9d u 9 ent]+ ! labyr9? we %all be able at any mom5t to get out2 especially z ! omnivor\s mon/] lurk+ 9 its dep?s is altoge!r h>mless4 ,a moral & truly transc5d5tal critique ( sci5ce1 z ( common s5se1 is nev] out ( place1 s9ce all su* a critique does is to assign to ea* conception or discov]y its place & importance 9 ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,s adm9i/]$1 ! critical ca?>tic w n prove a poison & w n inhibit ! cognitive function x 0 meant to purge4 ,e belief w subsi/ t f9ds an empirical & logical w>rant2 :ile t a belief is a belief & n a s5sation w n seem a gr\nd = n ent]ta9+ x1 nor = subord9at+ x to "s gratuit\s assurance4 ,b a psy*ological criticism1 if x is n critical ( psy*ology itself1 & ?9ks to sub/itute a sci5ce ( absolute s5ti5ce = physics & dialectic1 w\ld re/ on sophi/ry & end :olly 9 bewild]m5t4 ,! subject-matt] ( an absolute psy*ology w\ld vani% 9 its h&s1 s9ce !re is no s5ti5ce :i* is n at once ! effect ( some?+ physical & ! appe>ance ( some?+ ideal4 ,a calculus ( feel+s1 un9t]pret$ & ref]r$ to no?+ ult]ior1 w\ld furni% no alt]native sy/em to sub/itute = ! positive sci5ces x 0 seek+ to dislodge4 ,9 fact1 ^? :o call ord9>y objects unreal d n1 on t acc\nt1 f9d any?+ else to ?9k ab\t4 ,_! exorcism does n lay ! gho/1 & !y are limit$ to address+ x 9 uncivil language4 ,x 0 n idly t reason 9 ! beg9n+ excogitat$ a natural & an ideal _w1 a lab\r x might well h avoid$ if appe>ance z x /&s made a ?9kable or a practical univ]se4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,b3 ,! t]m 8matt]0 7:i* ought be=e long to reappe> 9 philosophy7 has two mean+s4 ,9 popul> sci5ce & !ology x commonly means a gr\p ( ?+s 9 space1 l ! atoms ( ,democritus or ! human body & its memb]s4 ,su* matt] pla9ly exi/s4 ,its p>ticles are concretions 9 exi/5ce l ! planets2 & if a giv5 hypo!sis describ+ !m turns out to be wrong1 x is wrong only because ?is matt] exi/s s truly & 9 su* discov]able guise t ! hypo!sis 9 "q may be %[n to misrepres5t its con/itution4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ,ari/otle & 9 lit]>y spee*1 matt] means some?+ good to make o!r ?+s out (4 ,"h x is a concretion 9 disc\rse1 a dialectical t]m2 be+ only an aspect or con/itu5t ( e exi/5ce1 x _c exi/ by itself4 ,a /ate ( m9d1 l ev]y?+ n purely =mal1 has matt] ( ?is sort 9 x4 ,actual love1 = in/ance1 diff]s mat]ially f ! m]e idea or possibility ( love1 :i* is all love w\ld be if ! matt] or body ( x 7 remov$4 ,?is matt] is :at ideali/s1 b5t on giv+ x a gr&] "n1 call pure feel+1 absolute consci\sness1 or metaphysical w4 ,^! phrases are all us$ improp]ly to /& = ! exi/5ce or pres5ce ( ?+s ap>t f _! "*1 or = ! m]e /ra9 & dead weight ( be+4 ,matt] is a f> bett] t]m to use 9 ! premises1 = x sugge/s ! me?od z well z ! fact ( brute exi/5ce4 ,! surd 9 exp]i5ce--its non-ideal elem5t--is n an indiff]5t vehicle = :at x br+s1 z w\ld be impli$ by call+ x pure feel+ or absolute consci\sness4 ,nor is x an act accept+ or reject+ objects1 z w\ld be impli$ by call+ x w4 ,9 tru?1 ! surd conditions n m]ely ! be+ ( objects b _! possible quantity1 ! "t & place ( _! appe>ance1 & _! degree ( p]fection comp>$ ) ! ideals !y sugge/4 ,^! important factors 9 :atev] exi/s are cov]$ by ! t]m matt] & give x a s]i\s & indisp5sable rle 9 describ+ & feel+ ! _w4 ,ari/otle1 x may be add$1 did n adh]e ) p]fect consi/5cy to ! dialectical use ( ?is ^w4 ,matt] is sometimes us$ by him = sub/ance or = actual be+s hav+ bo? matt] & =m4 ,! excuse = ?is app>5t lapse is1 ( c\rse1 t :at tak5 by itself is a piece ( =m$ matt] or an individual object may be reg>d$ z m]e mat]ial = some?+ else :i* x helps to con/itute1 z :eat is matt] = fl\r1 & fl\r = bread4 ,?us ! dialectical & non-demon/rative use ( ! t]m to indicate "o aspect ( ev]y?+ c\ld glide into its vulg> acceptation1 to indicate "o class ( ?+s4 ,footnote ,c3 ,x has be5 sugge/$--:at w n p>ty _s contrive8--t ^! v>iations1 call$ spontane\s by ,d>w9 because n pr$et]m9$ by h]$ity1 might be spontane\s 9 a metaphysical s5se1 free acts ) no mat]ial basis or cause :atsoev]4 ,be+ free1 ^! acts might deflect evolution--l ,desc>tes' s\l act+ on ! p9eal gl&--into wond]ful new c\rses1 prev5t dissolution1 & gradually br+ on ! k+dom ( ,heav51 all z ! necess>y implication ( ! late/ sci5ce & ! mo/ a!i/ic philosophy4 ,x may n be ne$less to obs]ve t if ! v>iations 7 absolutely free1 i4e41 intrusions ( pure *ance1 !y w\ld t5d e :i* way q z mu* z if !y 7 me*anically caus$2 :ile if !y 7 kept miracul\sly 9 l9e ) "s f>-(f div9e ev5t1 !y w\ld n be free at all1 b w\ld be due to metaphysical attraction & a magic de/9y prep>$ 9 ! et]nal2 & s we %\ld be br\ght r\nd to ,ari/otelian physics aga94 ,footnote ,d3 ,! monads ( ,leibniz c\ld ju/ly be call$ m9ds1 because !y _h a dramatic de/9y1 & ! mo/ complex exp]i5ce imag9able 0 ! /ate ( b "o monad1 n an aggregate view or effect ( a multitude 9 fusion4 ,b ! rec5t improvem5ts on t sy/em take ! latt] turn4 ,m9d-/uff1 or ! mat]ial ( m9d1 is suppos$ to be conta9$ 9 l>ge quantities )9 any kn[n feel+4 ,m9d-/uff1 we are giv5 to und]/&1 is diffus$ 9 a m$ium correspond+ to app>5t space 7:at else w\ld a real space be872 x =ms quantitative aggregates1 its trans=mations or aggregations are me*anically gov]n$1 x endures :5 p]sonal consci\sness p]i%es1 x is ! sub/ance ( bodies &1 :5 duly organis$1 ! pot5tiality ( ?\ght4 ,"o might g f> = a bett] description ( matt]4 ,t any mat]ial mu/ be mat]ial might h be5 tak5 = an axiom2 b our ideali/s1 9 _! eag]ness to %[ t ,gefuehl i/ ,alles1 h ?\ght to d hon\r to feel+ by =gett+ t x is an expression & wi%+ to make x a /uff4 ,!re is a fur!r circum/ance %[+ t m9d-/uff is b a ba%ful "n = matt]4 ,m9d-/uff1 l matt]1 c be only an elem5t 9 any actual be+4 ,to make a ?+ or a ?\ght out ( m9d-/uff y h to rely on ! sy/em into :i* t mat]ial has fall52 ! sub/antive +r$i5ts1 f :i* an actual be+ borr[s its int5sive quality1 d n conta9 its individuat+ =m4 ,?is =m dep5ds on ideal relations subsi/+ betwe5 ! +r$i5ts1 relations :i* are n feel+s b c be r5d]$ only by propositions4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,psy*ology ,sid5ote3 ,m9d read+ n sci5ce4 ,if psy*ology is a sci5ce1 _m ?+s t books ( psy*ology conta9 %\ld be exclud$ f x4 ,"o is social imag9ation4 ,nature1 besides hav+ a me*anical =m & we>+ a g>m5t ( s5sible qualities1 makes a c]ta9 inn] music 9 ! behold]'s m9d1 incit+ him to ent] into o!r bodies & to fancy ! new & pr(\nd life :i* he might lead !re4 ,:o1 z he wat*$ a cat bask+ 9 ! sun1 has n pass$ into t vigilant eye & felt all ! leaps pot5tial 9 t luxuri\s torpor8 ,:o has n attribut$ "s little romance to ! pass]-by8 ,:o has n sometimes ex*ang$ places ev5 ) ?+s inanimate1 & drawn "s new moral exp]i5ce f foll[+ ! movem5t ( />s or ( daffodils8 ,all ?is is idle mus+ or at be/ poetry2 yet our ord9>y k ( :at goes on 9 m5's m9ds is made ( no o!r /uff4 ,true1 we h our own m9d to g by1 :i* presumably might be a fair sample ( :at m5's m9ds are2 b un=tunately our notion ( ourselves is ( all notions ! mo/ biass$ & ideali/ic4 ,if we attribut$ to o!r m5 only su* obvi\s reason+1 s\nd judgm5t1 j pref]5ces1 hone/ passions1 & blameless errors z we discov] 9 ourselves1 we %\ld take b an insipid & impractical view ( mank9d4 ,9 fact1 we d f> bett]3 = :at we impute to our fell[-m5 is sugge/$ by _! conduct or by an in/ant imitation ( _! ge/ure & expression4 ,^! manife/ations1 /rik+ u 9 all _! novelty & ali5 habit1 & affect+ our int]e/s 9 all mann] ( awkw>d ways1 create a notion ( our fri5ds' natures :i* is extremely vivid & seldom extremely flatt]+4 ,su* romanc+ has ! cog5cy prop] to dramatic poetry2 x is p]suasive only ov] ! ?ird p]son1 :o has nev] _h1 b has always be5 ab\t to h1 ! exp]i5ce 9 "q4 ,drawn f ! pot5tial 9 "o's self1 x describes at be/ ! possible 9 o!rs4 ,! ?\ghts ( m5 are incr$ibly evanesc5t1 m]ely ! foam ( _! lab\r+ natures2 & !y d\btless v>y mu* m ?an our trite classifications all[ =4 ,?is is :at makes passions & fa%ions1 religions & philosophies1 s h>d to conceive :5 once ! trick ( !m is a little antiquat$4 ,languages are h>dly m =eign to "o ano!r ?an are ! ?\ghts utt]$ 9 !m4 ,we %\ld give m5 cr$it = orig9ality at lea/ 9 _! dreams1 ev5 if !y h little ( x to %[ else:]e2 & z x 0 discov]$ b rec5tly t all memories are n furni%$ ) ! l mat]ial images1 b (t5 h no mat]ial images :atev]1 s x may h to be ackn[l$g$ t ! disp>ity 9 m5's soliloquies is enorm\s1 & t "s races1 p]haps1 live cont5t )\t soliloquis+ at all4 ,sid5ote3 ,exp]i5ce a recon/ruction4 ,nev]!less1 9 describ+ :at happ5s1 or 9 en=c+ a giv5 view ( ?+s1 we con/antly ref] to univ]sal exp]i5ce z if ev]ybody 0 agre$ ab\t :at univ]sal exp]i5ce is & _h p]sonally ga!r$ x all s9ce ! days ( ,adam4 ,9 fact1 ea* man has only 8 own1 ! remnant sav$ f 8 p]sonal acquisitions4 ,on ! basis ( ?is 8 residual end[m5t1 he has to conceive all nature1 ) :atev] exp]i5ces may h fall5 !re to ! lot ( o!rs4 ,univ]sal exp]i5ce is a com=table fiction1 a di/9ctly ideal con/ruction1 & no fund available = any "o to draw f2 :i* ( c\rse is n to d5y t tradition & books1 9 transmitt+ mat]ially ! "w ( o!r g5]ations1 t5d to assimilate u also to _! m9d4 ,! result ( _! lab\rs1 9 language1 le>n+1 & in/itutions1 =ms a ho?\se 9 :i* to =ce our se$l+ fancy to a rational gr[?2 b ! influ5ce is physical1 ! environm5t is mat]ial1 & its ideal backgr\nd or significance has to be inf]r$ by u anew1 accord+ to our imag9ative faculty & habits4 ,pa/ exp]i5ce1 ap>t f its monum5ts1 is fl$ = ev] out ( mortal rea*4 ,x is n[ a p>cel ( ! motionless e!r1 ( ! ineffectual tru? ab\t :at once 04 ,to "k x we mu/ evoke x )9 ourselves1 />t+ f its inadequate expressions /ill extant 9 ! _w4 ,?is recon/ruction is highly speculative &1 z ,sp9oza not$1 bett] evid5ce ( :at we are ?an ( :at o!r m5 h be54 ,sid5ote3 ,! hone/ art ( education4 ,:5 we appeal to g5]al exp]i5ce1 !n1 :at we really h to deal ) is our int]locutor's p[] ( imag9+ t exp]i5ce2 = ! real exp]i5ce is dead & asc5d$ into heav51 :]e x c nei!r answ] nor he>4 ,our agreem5ts or div]g5ces 9 ?is region d n t\* sci5ce2 !y conc]n only fri5d%ip & unanimity4 ,all our pro(s are1 z !y say 9 ,spa91 pure conv]sation2 & z ! purpose & be/ result c be only to k9dle intellig5ce & propagate an ideal art1 ! me?od %\ld be ,socratic1 g5ial1 lit]>y4 ,9 ^! matt]s1 ! alt]native to imag9ation is n sci5ce b sophi/ry4 ,we may p]haps entangle our fri5ds 9 _! own words1 & =ce !m = ! mom5t to say :at !y d n mean1 & :at x is n 9 _! natures to ?9k2 b ! b5t b[ w spr+ back1 p]haps some:at %>ply1 & we %all get little ?anks = our lab\r4 ,!re w\ld be m pr(it 9 tak+ "o ano!r frankly by ! h& & walk+ toge!r along ! outskirts ( real k1 po9t+ to ! mat]ial facts :i* we all c see1 nature1 ! monum5ts1 ! texts1 ! actual ways & in/itutions ( m52 & 9 ! pres5ce ( su* a /imulus1 ) ! contagion ( a common int]e/1 ! pla/ic m9d w\ld respond ( itself to ! situation1 & we %\ld be help+ "o ano!r to und]/& :atev] lies )9 ! range ( our fancy1 be x 9 antiquity or 9 ! human he>t4 ,t w\ld be a true education2 & :ile ! result c\ld n possibly be a sci5ce1 n ev5 a sci5ce ( p's /ates ( m9d1 x w\ld be a deep5+ ( humanity 9 ourselves & a :olesome k ( our ignorance4 ,sid5ote3 ,arbitr>y read+s ( ! m9d4 ,9 :at is call$ psy*ology ?is loose1 imag9ative me?od is (t5 pursu$1 al?\gh ! field cov]$ may be f> n>r[]4 ,any g5]ic exp]i5ce ( :i* a writ] pret5ds to give an exact acc\nt mu/ be recon/ruct$ ad hoc2 x is n ! exp]i5ce t necessitates ! description1 b ! description t recalls ! exp]i5ce1 def9+ x 9 a novel way4 ,:5 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld says1 = in/ance1 t !re is some?+ ab\t our fri5d's tr\bles t secretly pleases u1 _m circum/ances 9 our own lives1 or 9 o!r p's1 may sudd5ly recur to u to illu/rate t ap]u2 & we may be tempt$ to say1 ,!re is a tru?4 ,b is x a sci5tific tru?8 ,or is x m]ely a bit ( satire1 a ray f a lit]>y fla%light1 giv+ a p>tial cle>ness = a mom5t to c]ta9 jumbl$ memories8 ,if ! next day we op5 a volume ( ,adam ,smi?1 & read t man is naturally b5evol5t1 t he _c b enact & %>e ! vicissitudes ( 8 fell[-creatures1 & t ano!r man's imm95t dang] or visible torm5t w cause 9 him a di/ress little inf]ior to t felt by ! un=tunate suff]]1 we %all probably ?9k ?is a tru? also1 & a m normal & a pr(\nd] tru? ?an ! o!r4 ,b is x a law8 ,is x a sci5tific discov]y t c lead u to def9ite inf]5ces ab\t :at w happ5 or help u to decompose a s+le ev5t1 accurately & )\t ambiguity1 into its compon5t =ces8 ,n only is su* a ?+ impossible1 b ! ,scot* philosoph]'s amiable g5]alities1 p]haps l>gely applicable to himself & to 8 fri5ds ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 may fail altoge!r to fit an e>li] or a lat] age2 & e new %ade ( brute born into ! _w w gr\nd a new 8!ory ( ! moral s5tim5ts40 ,! :ole cog5cy ( su* psy*ology1 !re=e1 lies 9 ! ease ) :i* ! he>]1 on li/5+ to ! analysis1 reca/s some?+ 9 8 own pa/ aft] t fa%ion4 ,^! endless rival app]ceptions reg>d facts t1 until !y are ref]r$ to _! me*anical gr\nd1 %[ no cont9uity & no precision 9 _! m>*4 ,! app]ception ( !m1 consequ5tly1 mu/ be d\bly arbitr>y & un/able1 = !re is no me?od 9 ! subject-matt] & !re is less 9 ! treatm5t ( x4 ,! views1 h[ev]1 are f> f equal 9 value4 ,"s may be m natural1 eloqu5t1 enlight5+1 ?an o!rs2 !y may s]ve bett] ! ess5tial purpose ( reflection1 :i* is to pick out & br+ =w>d cont9ually out ( ! pa/ :at c h a value = ! pres5t4 ,! spiritual life 9 :i* ?is value lies is practical 9 its associations1 because x und]/&s & dom9ates :at t\*es action2 yet x is contemplative 9 ess5ce1 s9ce successful action consi/s 9 kn[+ :at y are attempt+ & 9 attempt+ :at y c f9d y\rself a*iev+4 ,plan & p]=mance w alike appeal to imag9ation & be appreciat$ ?r\gh x2 s t :at tra9s imag9ation ref9es ! v /uff t life is made (4 ,sci5ce is in/rum5tal 9 comp>ison1 s9ce ! *ief advantage t comes ( kn[+ accurately is to be able1 ) safety1 to imag9e freely4 ,b :5 x is sci5ce & accurate k t we pursue1 we %\ld n be satisfi$ ) lit]ature4 ,sid5ote3 ,human nature appeal$ to r ?an describ$4 ,:5 disc\rse on any subject w\ld be p]suasive1 x appeals to ! int]locutor to ?9k 9 a c]ta9 dynamic fa%ion1 incit+ him1 n )\t lead+ que/ions1 to give %ape to 8 own s5tim5ts4 ,k ( ! s\l1 insight into human nature & exp]i5ce1 are no d\bt requisite 9 su* an ex]cise2 yet ?is insight is 9 ^! cases a vehicle only1 an in/9ctive me?od1 :ile ! result aim$ at is agreem5t on "s fur!r matt]1 conviction & en?usiasm1 r ?an psy*ological in=mation4 ,?us if ,i decl>e t ! /orms ( w9t] are n s unk9d z b5efits =got1 ,i say some?+ :i* if true has a c]ta9 psy*ological value1 = x c\ld be inf]r$ f t ass]tion t res5tm5t is g5]ally n proportionate to ! injury receiv$ b r to ! surprise caus$1 s t x spr+s f our own fooli%ness m ?an f o!r p's bad conduct4 ,yet my obs]vation 0 n made 9 ! int]e/ ( any su* inf]5ces3 x 0 made to express an emotion ( my own1 9 hopes ( k9dl+ 9 o!rs a simil> emotion4 ,x 0 a judgm5t :i* o!rs 7 invit$ to %>e4 ,!re 0 z little exact sci5ce ab\t x z if ,i _h turn$ x into frank poetry & exclaim$1 8,bl[1 bl[1 ?\ w9t]'s w9d60 ,k ( human nature might be drawn ev5 f t apo/rophe1 & a v f9e %ade ( human feel+ is surely express$ 9 x1 z ,%akespe>e utt]s x2 b to pray or to conv]se is n = t reason ! same ?+ z to pursue sci5ce4 ,n[ x con/antly happ5s 9 philosophic writ+ t :at is suppos$ to g on 9 ! human m9d is describ$ & appeal$ to 9 ord] to support "s obs]vation or illu/rate "s argum5t--z cont9ually1 = in/ance1 9 ! old] ,engli% critics ( human nature1 or 9 ^! v pages4 ,:at is (f]$ 9 su* cases is m]ely an invitation to ?9k aft] a c]ta9 fa%ion4 ,a way ( grasp+ or int]pret+ "s fact is sugge/$1 ) a m or less civil *all5ge to ! read] to resi/ ! suasion ( 8 own exp]i5ce s evok$ & repres5t$4 ,su* a me?od ( appeal may be call$ psy*ological1 9 ! s5se t x relies = success on ! total movem5t ( ! read]'s life & m9d1 )\t =c+ a detail$ ass5t ?r\gh ocul> demon/ration or pure dialectic2 b ! psy*ology ( x is a me?od & a res\rce r ?an a doctr9e4 ,! only doctr9e aim$ at 9 su* philosophy is a g5]al reasonabl5ess1 a habit ( ?9k+ /raight f ! elem5ts ( exp]i5ce to its ultimate & /able deliv]ance4 ,?is is :at 9 8 way a poet or a noveli/ w\ld d4 ,fiction sw>ms ) su* sket*es ( human nature & su* r5d]+s ( ! human m9d z a critical philosoph] dep5ds ^u = 8 con/ruction4 ,he ne$ n be int]e/$ 9 ! pa?ology ( individuals nor ev5 9 ! natural hi/ory ( man2 8 ef=t is :olly direct$ t[>d improv+ ! m9d's economy & infus+ reason into x z "o might religion1 n )\t dilig5t self-exam9ation & a public confession ( s94 ,! human m9d is nobody's m9d 9 p>ticul>1 & ! sci5ce ( x is necess>ily imag9ative4 ,no "o c pret5d 9 philosophic discussion any m ?an 9 poetry t ! exp]i5ce describ$ is m ?an typical4 ,x is giv5 out n = a lit]al fact1 exi/+ 9 p>ticul> mom5ts or p]sons1 b = an imag9ative expression ( :at nature & life h impress$ on ! speak]4 ,9 s f> z o!rs live 9 ! same _w !y may recognise ! exp]i5ce s express$ by him & adopt 8 int]pretation2 b ! aptness ( 8 descriptions & analyses w n con/itute a sci5ce ( m5tal /ates1 b r--:at is a f> great] ?+--! art ( /imulat+ & consolidat+ reflection 9 g5]al4 ,sid5ote3 ,dialectic 9 psy*ology4 ,!re is a second con/itu5t ( curr5t psy*ology :i* is inde$ a sci5ce1 b n a sci5ce ( matt]s ( fact--,i mean ! dialectic ( ideas4 ,! "* ( fa!r1 = example1 implies a son1 & ?is relation1 involv$ 9 ! ideas bo? ( son & ( fa!r1 implies fur!r t a transmitt$ ess5ce or human nature is %>$ by bo?4 ,e idea1 if its logical texture is reflect$ ^u1 w op5 out into a curi\s _w con/itut$ by di/+ui%+ ! con/itu5ts ( t idea m cle>ly & mak+ explicit its implicit /ructure & relations4 ,:5 an idea has practical int5t & is a desire1 its dialectic is ev5 m rem>kable4 ,if ,i love a man ,i !reby love all ^? :o %>e :atev] makes me love him1 & ,i !reby hate :atev] t5ds to deprive him ( ?is excell5ce4 ,if x %\ld happ51 h[ev]1 t ^? :o resembl$ him mo/ 9 amiability--say by flatt]+ me no less ?an he did--7 precisely 8 mortal enemies1 ! logic ( my affections w\ld become some:at involv$4 ,i might end ei!r by /riv+ to reconcile ! rivals or by discov]+ t :at ,i lov$ 0 n ! man at all1 b only an (fice ex]cis$ by him 9 my reg>d :i* any "o else might also ex]cise4 ,^! inn] lucubrations1 h[ev]1 :ile !y l5g!n ! mom5t's vi/a & deep5 pres5t int5t1 give no indication :atev] ab\t ! ord] or di/ribution ( actual feel+s4 ,!y are out ( place 9 a psy*ology t means to be an acc\nt ( :at happ5s 9 ! _w4 ,= ^! dialectical implications d n actually "w !mselves out4 ,!y h no hi/orical or dynamic value4 ,! man t by mi/ake or c\rtesy ,i call a fa!r may really h no son1 any m ?an ,h]odotus = be+ ! fa!r ( hi/ory2 or hav+ _h a son1 he may h lo/ him2 or ! creature sprung f 8 lo9s may be a mis%ap5 idiot1 hav+ no?+ ideal 9 common ) 8 p>5t4 ,simil>ly my affection = a fri5d1 hav+ causes mu* deep] ?an disc\rse1 may cl+ to him ?r\gh all trans=mations 9 8 qualities & 9 8 attitude t[>d me2 & x may nev] pass to o!rs = resembl+ him1 nor take1 9 all its days1 a ,platonic direction4 ,! impulse on :i* t dialectic 0 bas$ may exhau/ its physical en]gy1 & all its implications may be nipp$ 9 ! bud & be condemn$ = ev] to ! limbo ( ?+s unborn4 ,sid5ote3 ,sp9oza on ! passions4 ,sp9oza's acc\nt ( ! passions is a beautiful example ( dialectical psy*ology1 beautiful because x %[s s cle>ly ! possibilities & impossibilities 9 su* a me?od4 ,sp9oza began ) self-pres]vation1 :i* 0 to be ! pr9ciple ( life & ! root ( all feel+s4 ,! viol5ce done to physics appe>s 9 ?is beg9n+4 ,self-pres]vation1 tak5 /rictly1 is a pr9ciple n illu/rat$ 9 nature1 :]e ev]y?+ is 9 flux1 & :]e habits de/ructive or dang]\s to ! body are z conspicu\s z protective in/9cts4 ,physical me*anism requires reproduction1 :i* implies dea?1 & x admits suicide4 ,sp9oza himself1 f> too noble a m9d to be fix$ solely on pres]v+ its own exi/5ce1 0 compell$ to give self-pres]vation an extravagant mean+ 9 ord] to id5tify x ) 8intellectual love ( ,god0 or ! happy contemplation ( t natural law :i* de/roy$ all individuals4 ,to f9d ! self-pres]v+ man y mu/ take him aft] he has ceas$ to gr[ & be=e he has begun to love4 ,self-pres]vation1 be+ ?us no pr9ciple ( natural hi/ory1 ! facts or e/imations class$ "u t head ne$ to be ref]r$ in/ead to "o ( two o!r pr9ciples--ei!r to me*anical equilibrium & habit1 or to dialectical consi/5cy 9 judgm5t4 ,self-pres]vation might express1 p]haps1 ! values :i* conceiv$ ev5ts acquire 9 respect to a giv5 attitude ( w1 to an arre/$ mom5t>y ideal4 ,! actual /ate ( any animal1 8 giv5 in/9cts & t5sions1 are und\bt$ly ! po9t ( orig9 f :i* all *anges & relations are morally e/imat$2 & if ?is attitude is aft]w>d itself subject$ to e/imation1 t occurs by virtue ( its aff9ity or conflict ) ! liv+ w ( ano!r mom5t4 ,valuation is dialectical1 n descriptive1 nor contemplative ( a natural process4 ,x might accord+ly be develop$ by see+ :at is impli$ 9 ! self-pres]vation1 or r expression1 ( a w :i* by t dialectic w\ld discov] its ideal scope4 ,su* a pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 c\ld nev] expla9 ! lapse ( t attitude itself4 ,a natural process _c be gov]n$ by ! ideal relations :i* conceiv$ ?+s acquire by be+ repres5t$ 9 "o ( its mom5ts4 ,sp9oza1 h[ev]1 let himself w&] into ?is pa? & made ! semblance ( an attempt1 inde$ n v deceptive1 to trace ! sequ5ce ( feel+s by _! mutual implication4 ,! *anges 9 life 7 to be expla9$ by :at ! cry/allis$ po/ure ( life might be at a s+le in/ant4 ,! arr['s flight 0 to be d$uc$ f its in/antane\s position4 ,a passion's hi/ory 0 to be ! hi/ory ( :at w\ld h be5 its expression if x _h _h no hi/ory at all4 ,sid5ote3 ,a pr9ciple ( e/imation _c gov]n ev5ts4 ,a man suff]$ by de/9y to ma9ta9 = ev] a s+le un*ang$ emotion might inde$ ?9k out its multif>i\s implications mu* 9 ,sp9oza's way4 ,x is 9 t fa%ion t p>ties & sects1 :5 some:at /able1 come to def9e _! aff9ities & to "k _! fri5ds & enemies all ov] ! univ]se ( disc\rse4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 t ,i feel "s titillation on read+ a proposition conc]n+ ! contra/ betwe5 ,paul's idea ( ,pet] & ,pet]'s idea ( himself1 a titillation :i* is accompani$ by ! idea ( ,sp9oza1 its ext]nal cause4 ,n[ he :o loves an effect mu/ proportionately love its cause1 & titillation accompani$ by ! idea ( its ext]nal cause is1 ,sp9oza has prov$1 :at m5 call love4 ,i !re=e f9d t ,i love ,sp9oza4 ,hav+ got s f>1 ,i may consid] fur!r1 ref]r+ to ano!r demon/ration 9 ! book1 t if "s "o gives ,sp9oza joy--,hobbes1 = in/ance--my delight 9 ,sp9oza's increas$ p]fection1 consequ5t ^u 8 joy & my love ( him1 accompani$ by ! idea ( ,hobbes1 its ext]nal cause1 con/itutes love on my "p = ! r$\btable ,hobbes z well4 ,?us ! p]iph]y ( my affections may exp& indef9itely1 till x includes ! inf9ite1 ! ultimate ext]nal cause ( all my titillations4 ,b h[ ^! int]e/+ discov]ies are int]rupt$ be=e long by a desire = food1 or by an indomitable s5se t ,hobbes & ! inf9ite are ?+s ,i d n love1 is some?+ t my dialectic _c d$uce2 = x 0 ! values radiat+ f a giv5 impulse1 ! implications ( its in/ant object1 t 7 be+ explicat$1 n at all ! natural =ces t c>ry a man ?r\gh t impulse & beyond x to ! next phase ( 8 dream1 a phase :i* if x cont9ues ! =m] episode mu/ cont9ue x spontane\sly1 by grace ( me*anical =ces4 ,:5 dialectic is ?us introduc$ into psy*ology1 an int5sive k ( ! he>t is giv5 out = di/ributive k ( ev5ts4 ,su* a /udy1 :5 made by a man ( g5ius1 may furni% good spiritual read+1 = x w reveal :at our passions mean & :at s5tim5ts !y w\ld lead to if !y c\ld rema9 fix$ & dictate all fur!r action4 ,?is insight may make u aw>e ( /range inconsi/5cies 9 our s\ls1 & see+ h[ contr>y "s ( our ideals are to o!rs & h[ horrible1 9 "s cases1 w\ld be _! ultimate expression1 we may be %ock$ into sett+ our h\se 9 ord]2 & 9 try+ to und]/& ourselves we may actually develop a self t c be und]/ood4 ,meantime ?is inn] discipl9e w n enlight5 u ab\t ! m>* ( affairs4 ,x w n give u a key to evolution1 ei!r 9 ourselves or 9 o!rs4 ,ev5 :ile we ref9e our aspirations1 ! gr\nd !y sprang f w be eat5 away b5ea? our feet4 ,in/ead ( develop+ ye/]day's passion1 to-day may bre$ q ano!r 9 its place2 & if1 hav+ gr[n old & set 9 our m5tal po/ure1 we are incapable ( assum+ ano!r1 & are condemn$ to c>ry+ on ! dialectic ( our e>ly visions into a new-born _w1 to be a s*oolma/]'s measur+-rod = life's inf9ite exub]ance1 we %all f9d ourselves at once 9 a =eign c\ntry1 speak+ a language t nobody und]/&s4 ,no de/9y is m melan*oly ?an t ( ! dialectical prophet1 :o makes m rigid & tyrann\s e day a message :i* e day gr[s less applicable & less significant4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5tific psy*ology a "p ( biology4 ,t rema9+ portion ( psy*ology :i* is a sci5ce1 & a sci5ce ( matt]s ( fact1 is physiological2 x belongs to natural hi/ory & con/itutes ! biology ( man4 ,s\l1 :i* 0 n orig9ally di/+ui%$ f life1 is !re /udi$ 9 its natural op]ation 9 ! body & 9 ! _w4 ,psy*ology !n rema9s :at x 0 9 ,ari/otle's ,de ,anima--an ill-develop$ bran* ( natural sci5ce1 piec$ out ) lit]>y t]ms & p]haps enri*$ by occasional dramatic int]pretations4 ,! specifically m5tal or psy*ic elem5t consi/s 9 ! feel+ :i* accompanies bodily /ates & natural situations4 ,?is feel+ is discov]$ & di/ribut$ at ! same "t t bodies & o!r mat]ial objects are def9$2 = :5 a man beg9s to deciph] p]man5t & real ?+s1 & to und]/& t !y are m]ely mat]ial1 he !reby sets ap>t1 9 contra/ ) su* ext]nal objects1 ^? images & emotions :i* c no long] ent] into ! ?+s' texture4 ,! images & emotions rema91 h[ev]1 atta*$ to ^? ?+s1 = !y are refractions ( !m ?r\gh bodily organs1 or effects ( _! pres5ce on ! w1 or passions fix$ ^u !m z _! object4 ,9 p>ts ( biology :i* d n deal ) man obs]v]s d n hesitate to ref] 9 ! same way to ! pa91 ! desire1 ! int5tion1 :i* !y may occasionally read 9 an animal's aspect4 ,d>w91 = in/ance1 con/antly uses psy*ical language3 8 birds love "o ano!r's plumage & _! /hetic *>ms are factors 9 natural selection4 ,su* little fables d n detract f ! sci5tific value ( ,d>w9's obs]vations1 because we see at once :at ! fables mean4 ,! description keeps close en\gh to ! facts obs]v$ = ! read] to /op at ! latt]1 r ?an at ! language 9 :i* !y are /at$4 ,9 ! natural hi/ory ( man su* int]pretation into m5tal t]ms1 su* microscopic romance1 is ev5 easi] & m legitimate1 because language all[s p1 p]haps be=e _! feel+s are long pa/1 to describe !m 9 t]ms :i* are und]/ood to ref] directly to m5tal exp]i5ce4 ,! sign's famili>ity1 to be sure1 (t5 hides 9 ^! cases a great vagu5ess & unseizabl5ess 9 ! facts2 yet a beg9n+ 9 def9+ di/9ctly ! m5tal phase ( natural situations has be5 made 9 ^? small autobiographies :i* introspective writ]s sometimes compose1 or :i* are tak5 d[n 9 hospitals & laboratories f ! lips ( 8subjects40 ,:at a man "u special conditions may say he feels or ?9ks adds a con/itu5t phase to 8 natural hi/ory2 & 7 ^! reports exact & ext5d$ en\gh1 x w\ld become possible to enum]ate ! precise s5sations & ideas :i* accompany e /ate ( body & e social situation4 ,sid5ote3 ,confus$ attempt to deta* ! psy*ic elem5t4 ,?is advantage1 h[ev]1 is ! s\rce ( t confusion & sophi/ry :i* di/+ui% ! biology ( man f ! re/ ( physics4 ,att5tion is !re arre/$ at ! m5tal t]m1 9 =getfulness ( ! situation :i* gave x w>rant1 & an invisible _w1 compos$ ( ^! imag9$ exp]i5ces1 beg9s to /alk beh9d nature & may ev5 be ?\ght to exi/ indep5d5tly4 ,?is metaphysical dream may be said to h two /ages3 ! sy/ematic "o1 :i* is call$ idealism1 & an incid5tal "o :i* p]vades ord9>y psy*ology1 9 s f> z m5tal facts are uproot$ f _! basis & depriv$ ( _! expressive or spiritual "*1 9 ord] to be made elem5ts 9 a dynamic s*eme4 ,?is battle ( feel+s1 :e!r ) atoms or exclusively ) _! own cohorts1 might be call$ a primitive mat]ialism1 r ?an an idealism1 if idealism 7 to reta9 its ,platonic s5se2 = =ms & realisations are tak5 9 ?is sy/em = sub/antial elem5ts1 & are made to figure ei!r z a "p or z ! :ole ( ! _w's matt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,diff]5tia ( ! psy*ic4 ,ph5om5a specifically m5tal c]ta9ly exi/1 s9ce natural ph5om5a & ideal tru?s are conc5trat$ & telescop$ 9 appreh5sion1 besides be+ weight$ ) an emotion due to _! effect on ! p]son :o p]ceives !m4 ,?is v>iation1 :i* reality suff]s 9 be+ report$ to p]ception1 turns ! report into a m5tal fact di/+ui%able f its subject-matt]4 ,:5 ! flux is p>tly und]/ood & ! natural _w has become a con/ant pres5ce1 ! :ole flux itself1 z x fl[$ orig9ally1 comes to be call$ a m5tal flux1 because its elem5ts & me?od are se5 to diff] f ! elem5ts & me?od embodi$ 9 mat]ial objects or 9 ideal tru?4 ,! primitive ph5om5a are n[ call$ m5tal because !y all deviate f ! realities to be ultimately conceiv$4 ,to call ! imm$iate m5tal is !re=e correct & inevitable :5 once ! ultimate is 9 view2 b if ! imm$iate 7 all1 to call x m5tal w\ld be unmean+4 ,! visual image ( a die1 = in/ance1 has at mo/ ?ree faces1 none ( !m q squ>e2 no hir$ artific] is ne$$ to produce x2 x _c be f\nd any:]e nor %ak5 9 any box2 x la/s only = an in/ant2 !reaft] x disappe>s )\t a trace--unless x flits back unacc\ntably ?r\gh ! memory--& x leaves no pond]able du/ or a%es to atte/ t x _h a sub/ance4 ,! opposite ( all ?is is true ( ! die itself4 ,b 7 no mat]ial die 9 exi/5ce1 ! image itself w\ld be mat]ial2 =1 h[ev] evanesc5t1 x w\ld occupy space1 h geometrical %ape1 col\r1 & magic dynamic de/9ies4 ,its trans=mations z x roll$ on ! idea ( a table w\ld be trans=mations 9 nature1 h[ev] unacc\ntable by any /eady law4 ,su* mat]ial qualities a m5tal fact c reta9 only 9 ! spiritual =m ( repres5tation4 ,a repres5tation ( matt] is immat]ial1 b a mat]ial image1 :5 no object exi/s1 is a mat]ial fact4 ,if ! ,absolute1 to take an ultimate case1 p]ceiv$ no?+ b space & atoms 7p]ceiv+ itself1 if y w1 !re971 space & atoms w\ld be its :ole nature1 & x w\ld con/itute a p]fect mat]ialism4 ,! fact t mat]ialism 0 true w\ld n ( itself con/itute an idealism wor? di/+ui%+ f its opposite4 ,= a vehicle or locus exi/s only :5 x makes "s diff]5ce to ! ?+ x c>ries1 pres5t+ x 9 a mann] n ess5tial to its own nature4 ,sid5ote3 ,approa* to irrelevant s5ti5ce4 ,! qualification ( be+ by ! m5tal m$ium may be c>ri$ to any l5g?4 ,z ! subject-matt] rec$es ! m5tal datum ceases to h mu* simil>ity or inw>d relevance to :at is its cause or its mean+4 ,! report may ultimately become1 l pure pa9 or pleasure1 almo/ :olly bl9d & irrelevant to any _w2 yet su* emotion is none ! less imm]s$ 9 matt] & dep5d5t on natural *anges bo? = its orig9 & = its function1 s9ce a significant pleasure or pa9 makes comm5ts on ! _w & involves ideals ab\t :at ought to be happ5+ !re4 ,m5tal facts syn*ronise ) _! basis1 = no ?\ght hov]s ov] a dead bra9 & !re is no vision 9 a d>k *amb]2 b _! t5ure ( life is indep5d5t ( t ( _! objects1 s9ce ?\ght may be prophetic or rem9isc5t & is int]mitt5t ev5 :5 its object enjoys a cont9u\s exi/5ce4 ,m5tal facts are simil> to _! objects1 s9ce ?+s & images h1 intr9sically reg>d$1 ! same con/itution2 b images d n move 9 ! same plane ) ?+s & _! p>ts are 9 no proportionate dynamic relation to ! p>ts ( ! latt]4 ,?\ght's place 9 nature is exigu\s1 h[ev] broad ! l&scape x repres5ts2 x t\*es ! _w tang5tially only1 9 "s f]m5t ( ! bra94 ,x is probably no atom t supports ! s\l 7z ,leibnitz imag9$71 b r "s cl\d ( atoms %ap+ or remodell+ an organism4 ,m9d 9 ?is case w\ld be1 9 its physical relation to matt]1 :at x feels itself to be 9 its moral attitude t[>d ! same2 a witness to matt]'s int]e/+ aspects & a realisation ( its =ms4 ,sid5ote3 ,p]ception repres5ts ?+s 9 _! practical relation to ! body4 ,m5tal facts1 moreov]1 are highly selective2 especially does ?is appe> 9 respect to ! dialectical _w1 :i* is 9 itself inf9ite1 :ile ! sum ( human logic & ma!matics1 ?\gh too long = mo/ m5's pati5ce1 is decid$ly brief4 ,if we ask ourselves on :at pr9ciple ?is selection & =e%ort5+ ( tru? takes place 9 ! m9d1 we may p]haps come ^u ! real bond & ! deepe/ contra/ betwe5 m9d & its environm5t4 ,! inf9ity ( =mal tru? is disreg>d$ 9 human ?\ght :5 x is irrelevant to practice & to happ9ess2 ! inf9ity ( nature is repres5t$ !re 9 viol5t p]spective1 c5tr+ ab\t ! body & its int]e/s4 ,! seat & />t+-po9t ( e m5tal survey is a brief animal life4 ,a m9d seems1 !n1 to be a consci\sness ( ! body's int]e/s1 express$ 9 t]ms ( :at affects t body1 z if 9 ! ,babel ( nature a man he>d only ! voices t pron\nc$ 8 "n4 ,a m9d is a private view2 x is ga!r$ toge!r 9 proportion z physical s5sibility ext5ds its range & makes "o /ret* ( be+ aft] ano!r tribut>y to ! animal's life1 & 9 proportion also z ?is s5sibility is integrat$1 s t e organ 9 its reaction enli/s ! res\rces ( e o!r organ z well4 ,a p]sonal w & intellig5ce ?us arise2 & !y direct action f )9 ) a =ce & fre$om :i* are exactly proportionate to ! mat]ial =ces1 )9 & )\t ! body1 :i* ! s\l has come to repres5t4 ,9 o!r words1 m9d raises to an actual exi/5ce t =m 9 mat]ial processes :i*1 _h ! processes rema9$ :olly mat]ial1 w\ld h _h only ideal or imput$ be+--z ! />s w\ld n h be5 divid$ into ! signs ( ! ,zodiac b = ! fanciful eye ( a/rolog]s4 ,automata might arise & be de/roy$ )\t any value com+ or go+2 only a =m-lov+ obs]v] c\ld say t any?+ =tunate or tragic _h occurr$1 z poets might at ! budd+ or )]+ ( a fl[]4 ,"s ( nature's automata1 h[ev]1 love !mselves1 & comm5t on ! =m !y a*ieve or ab&on2 ^! con/ellations ( atoms are g5u9e bea/s4 ,_! consci\sness & _! int]e/ 9 _! own individuality rescues t individuality f ! realm ( disc\rse & f hav+ m]ely imput$ limits4 ,sid5ote3 ,m9d ! exi/5ce 9 :i* =m becomes actual4 ,t ! basis ( m9d lies 9 ! body's int]e/s r ?an 9 its atoms may seem a doctr9e some:at too poetical = psy*ology2 yet may n poetry1 sup]pos$ on mat]ial exi/5ce & support$ by x1 be p]haps ! key to m9d8 ,su* a view hangs well toge!r ) ! practical & prospective "* ( consci\sness1 ) its total dep5d5ce on ! body1 its cognitive relevance to ! _w1 & its =mal disp>ity f mat]ial be+4 ,m9d does n accompany body l a useless & p]si/5t %ad[2 x is significant & x is int]mitt5t4 ,mu* less c x be a l9k 9 physiological processes1 processes irrelevant to its int5t & incompatible ) its immat]ial ess5ce4 ,consci\sness seems to arise :5 ! body assumes an attitude :i*1 be+ an attitude1 sup]v5es ^u ! body's elem5ts & _c be conta9$ )9 !m4 ,?is attitude belongs to ! :ole body 9 its significant op]ation1 & ! report ( ?is attitude1 its expression1 requires survey1 syn!sis1 appreciation--?+s :i* con/itute :at we call m5tality4 ,?is rema9s1 ( c\rse1 ! m5tality ( t mat]ial situation2 x is ! voice ( t p>ticul> body 9 t p>ticul> pass4 ,! m9d !re=e repres5ts its basis1 b ?is basis 7be+ a =m ( mat]ial exi/5ce & n matt] itself7 is nei!r va9ly r$uplicat$ by repres5tation nor us$ up mat]ially 9 ! process4 ,repres5tation is f> f idle1 s9ce x br+s to focus ^? me*anical unities :i* o!rwise w\ld h exi/$ only pot5tially & at ! option ( a rov+ eye4 ,9 evok+ consci\sness nature makes ?is delim9ation real & unambigu\s2 !re are h5ce=? actual c5tres & actual int]e/s 9 ! me*anical flux4 ,! flux cont9ues to be me*anical1 b ! repres5tation ( x sup]v5+ has creat$ values :i*1 be+ due to imputation1 c\ld n exi/ )\t be+ imput$1 :ile at ! same "t !y c\ld n h be5 imput$ )\t be+ atta*$ to "o object or ev5t r ?an to ano!r4 ,mat]ial dramas are ?us made moral & rais$ to an exi/5ce ( _! own by be+ express$ 9 :at we call ! s\ls ( animals & m52 a m9d is ! entele*y ( an organic body4,e ,x is a region :]e =m bre$s an exi/5ce to express x1 & de/9y becomes important by be+ felt4 ,m9d adds to be+ a new & ne$ful witness s soon z ! con/itution ( be+ gives foo?old to app]ception ( its movem5t1 & (f]s some?+ 9 :i* x is possible to gr\nd an int]e/4 ,t ,ari/otle has n be5 g5]ally foll[$ 9 views ess5tially s natural & pregnant z ^! is due no d\bt to want ( ?or\ghness 9 conceiv+ !m1 n only on ! "p ( 8 read]s b ev5 on 8 own "p2 = he treat$ ! s\l1 :i* %\ld be on 8 own !ory only an expression & an unmov$ mov]1 z a p[] & an effici5t cause4 ,analysis _h n gone f> en\gh 9 8 day to make evid5t t all dynamic pr9ciples are me*anical & t me*anism c obta9 only among objects2 b by ?is "t x %\ld no long] seem d\btful t m5tal facts c h no connection except ?r\gh _! mat]ial basis & no mutual relevance except ?r\gh _! objects4 ,sid5ote3 ,attempt at ideali/ic physics4 ,!re is inde$ a /range half-assumption afloat1 a sort ( res]v$ fai? :i* e "o seems to respect b nobody utt]s1 to ! effect t ! m5tal _w has a me*anism ( its own1 & t ideas intellig5tly produce & su/a9 "o ano!r4 ,sy/ematic ideali/s1 to be sure1 h g5]ally giv5 a dialectical or moral texture to ! cosmos1 s t ! passage f idea to idea 9 exp]i5ce ne$ n be due1 9 _! physics1 to any intr9sic or proportionate efficacy 9 ^! ideas !mselves4 ,! m>* ( exp]i5ce is n expla9$ at all by su* high cosmogonies4 ,!y ab&on t practical calculation to "s sci5ce ( illusion t has to be tol]at$ 9 ?is provisional life4 ,_! own und]/&+ is ( ?+s m]ely 9 ! gross1 because !y fall 9 ) "s div9e plan & produce1 unacc\ntably en\gh1 "s int]e/+ h>mony4 ,empirical ideali/s1 on ! contr>y1 9 mak+ a metaphysics out ( psy*ology1 h>dly "k :at !y d4 ,! laws ( exp]i5ce :i* !y ref] to are all laws ( physics4 ,x is only ! 8possibilities0 ( s5sation t /& & *ange accord+ to law2 ! s5sations !mselves1 if n ref]r$ to ^? p]man5t possibilities1 w\ld be a *aos worse ?an any dream4 ,correct & scrupul\s z empiricism may be :5 x turns its face backw>d & looks = ! seat1 ! crit]ion1 & ! elem5ts ( k1 x is altoge!r incoh]5t & self-inhibit$ :5 x looks =w>d4 ,x c believe 9 no?+ b 9 :at x conceives1 if x w\ld rise at all above a /upid imm]sion 9 ! imm$iate2 yet ! relations :i* atta* ! mom5ts ( feel+ toge!r are mat]ial relations1 imply+ ! :ole frame ( nature4 ,psy*ology c accord+ly conceive no?+ b ! natural _w1 ) its diffuse animation1 s9ce ?is is ! only backgr\nd t ! facts sugge/ or t1 9 practice1 anybody c ?9k (4 ,if empiricism tru/$ ! intellect1 & cons5t$ to imm]se fly+ exp]i5ce 9 exp]i5ce und]/ood1 x w\ld become ord9>y sci5ce & ord9>y common s5se4 ,deprecat+ ?is result1 = no v obvi\s reason1 x has to balance itself on ! ?9 edge ( an unwill+ mat]ialism1 ) a cont9ual prote/ation t x does n believe 9 any?+ t x ?9ks4 ,x is :olly entangl$ 9 ! preval5t sophism t a man mu/ r5\nce a belief :5 he discov]s h[ he has =m$ x1 & t our ance/ors--at lea/ ! remot] ones--beg9 to exi/ :5 we discov] !m4 ,:5 ,desc>tes1 hav+ compos$ a me*anical sy/em ( ! _w1 0 ask$ by admir+ ladies to say some?+ ab\t ! passions1 :at came into 8 m9d 0 *>act]i/ically simple & dialectical4 ,life1 he ?\ght1 0 a p]petual conflict betwe5 reason & ! emotions4 ,! s\l _h its own natural pr9ciple to live by1 b 0 div]t$ f t rational pa? by ! waves ( passion t beat aga9/ x & sometimes flood$ x ov]4 ,t 0 all 8 psy*ology4 ,ideal entities 9 dramatic relations1 9 a !atre :i* _h to be borr[$1 ( c\rse1 f ! o!r half ( ! _w2 because :ile a mat]ial me*anism might be conceiv$ )\t m9ds 9 x1 m9ds 9 action c\ld n be conceiv$ )\t a mat]ial me*anism--at lea/ a repres5t$ "o--ly+ b5ea? & betwe54 ,sp9oza made a great improvem5t 9 ! sy/em by atta*+ ! m9d m sy/ematically to ! body1 & /udy+ ! p>ts :i* organ & object play$ 9 qualify+ k2 b 8 conception ( m5tal unities & m5tal processes rema9$ lit]>y1 or at be/1 z we h se51 dialectical4 ,no %ad[ ( a pr9ciple at once psy*ic & g5etic appe>$ 9 8 philosophy4 ,all m9d 0 /ill a transcript ( mat]ial facts or a deep5+ ( moral relations4 ,sid5ote3 ,association n effici5t ,! idea ( expla9+ ! fl[ ( ideas )\t ref]5ce to bodies appe>$1 h[ev]1 9 ! pr9ciple ( association4 ,?is is ! ne>e/ approa* t has yet be5 made to a physics ( disembodi$ m9d--some?+ :i* idealism sadly ne$s to develop4 ,a t]rible incapacity1 h[ev]1 appe>s at once 9 ! pr9ciple ( association2 = ev5 if we suppose t x c\ld acc\nt = ! fl[ ( ideas1 x does n pret5d to supply any basis = s5sations4 ,& z ! m effici5t "p ( association--association by contiguity--is only a repetition 9 ideas ( ! ord] once pres5t 9 impressions1 ! :ole "q ab\t ! m>* ( m5tal exp]i5ce goes back to :at association does n t\*1 namely1 ! orig9 ( s5sations4 ,:at ev]ybody assum$1 ( c\rse1 0 t ! ord] & quality ( s5sations 7 due to ! body2 b _! d]ivation 0 n /udi$4 ,hume ignor$ x z mu* z possible1 & ,b]keley did n sacrifice a great deal :5 he frankly sugge/$ t ! production ( s5sation mu/ be ! direct "w ( ,god4 ,?is t5d5cy n to recognise ! mat]ial conditions ( m9d %[$ itself m boldly 9 ! treatm5t ( ideation4 ,we are n pla9ly aw>e 79 spite ( heada*es1 fatigue1 sleep1 love1 intoxication1 & madness7 t ! c\rse ( our ?\ghts is z directly dep5d5t on ! body z is _! inception4 ,x 0 !re=e possible1 )\t gl>+ p>adox1 to speak z if ideas caus$ "o ano!r4 ,!y foll[$1 9 recurr+1 ! ord] !y _h fir/ _h 9 exp]i5ce1 z :5 we le>n some?+ by he>t4 ,:y1 a previ\s v]se be+ giv51 we %\ld sometimes be unable to repeat ! "o t _h (t5 foll[$ x be=e1 !re 0 no attempt to expla93 x suffic$ t rev]ie (t5 seem$ to retrace ev5ts 9 _! temporal ord]4 ,ev5 less dep5d5t on mat]ial causes seem$ to be ! o!r sort ( association1 association by simil>ity4 ,?is 0 a feat = ! wit & ! poet1 to jump f ,*9a to ,p]u1 by virtue ( "s sp>k ( lik5ess t might fla% out betwe5 !m4 ,sid5ote3 ,x describes co9cid5ces4 ,mu* natural hi/ory has be5 writt5 & /udi$ ) ! idea ( f9d+ curi\s facts4 ,! dem& has n be5 = con/ant laws or intelligibility1 b = any circum/ance t c\ld arre/ att5tion or div]t ! fancy4 ,9 ?is _s1 d\btless1 in/ances ( association 7 ga!r$ & classifi$4 ,x 0 ! "y ladies' botany ( m9d4 ,"u association c\ld be ga!r$ a ?\s& int]e/+ anecdotes1 a ?\s& *oice patt]ns ( ?\ght4 ,talk ( ! w>s1 says ,hobbes1 once l$ a man to ask :at 0 ! value ( a ,roman p5ny4 ,b :y only once8 ,! w>s mu/ h be5 (t5 m5tion$ :5 ! deliv]+ up ( ,k+ ,*>les did n ent] any m9d2 & :5 x did1 ?is w\ld n h l$ any "o to ?9k ( ,judas & ! ?irty p5ce1 unless he _h be5 a good royali/ & a good ,*ri/ian--& !n only by a curi\s accid5t4 ,x 0 n ^! ideas1 !n1 9 _! natural capacity t sugge/$ "o ano!r2 b "s m$ium 9 :i* !y work$1 once 9 ! _w1 op5$ ^? p>ticul> av5ues betwe5 !m4 ,nev]!less1 no "o c>$ to obs]ve t ea* fact _h _h _m o!rs1 nev] recall$1 associat$ ) x z closely z ^? :i* 7 rememb]$4 ,nor 0 ! matt] tak5 s s]i\sly t "o ne$$ to ask h[1 among all simil> ?+s1 simil>ity c\ld decide :i* %\ld be *os52 nor h[ among a ?\s& contigu\s facts "o r ?an ano!r %\ld be recall$ = contiguity's sake4 ,sid5ote3 ,und]/&+ is bas$ on in/9ct & express$ 9 dialectic4 ,! be/ in/ance1 p]haps1 ( regul> association might be f\nd 9 language & its mean+2 = und]/&+ implies t ea* ^w habitually calls up its =m] associates4 ,yet 9 :at1 psy*ologically consid]$1 does und]/&+ a ^w consi/8 ,:at concomitants does ! ^w 8horse0 involve 9 actual s5ti5ce8 ,h>dly a cle> image su* z a man might pa9t2 = ! "n is n conf9$ to recall+ "o view ( "o animal obta9$ at "o mom5t4 ,p]haps all t recurs is a vague s5se ( ! environm5t1 9 nature & 9 disc\rse1 9 :i* t object lies4 ,! ^w 8kite0 w\ld imm$iately make a diff]5t region w>m 9 ! _w ?r\gh :i* ! m9d 0 grop+4 ,"o w\ld turn 9 idea to ! sky r ?an to ! gr\nd1 & feel sugge/ions ( a m buoyant sort ( locomotion4 ,und]/&+ has to be describ$ 9 t]ms ( its pot5tial outcome1 s9ce ! inc&esc5t process itself1 z x exi/s 9 transit1 w n suff] /able t]ms to def9e x4 ,pot5tiality is some?+ :i* ea* half ( reality reproa*es ! o!r )2 ?+s are pot5tial to feel+ because !y are n life1 & feel+s are pot5tial to sci5ce because !y elude def9ition4 ,to und]/&1 !re=e1 is to "k :at to d & :at to say 9 ! sign's pres5ce2 & ?is practical k is f> deep] ?an any e*o casually awak5$ 9 fancy at ! same "t4 ,in/9ctive recognition has ^? e*oes = ! mo/ sup]ficial "p ( its effect4 ,because ,i und]/& :at 8horse0 means1 ! ^w c make me recall "s episode 9 :i* a horse once figur$4 ,?is und]/&+ is in/9ctive & practical &1 if ! phrase may be p>don$1 x is ! body t und]/&s4 ,x is ! body1 namely1 t conta9s ! habit & read9ess on :i* und]/&+ hangs2 & ! s5se ( und]/&+1 ! in/ant rejection ( :atev] cla%es & makes nons5se 9 t context1 is b a transcript ( ! body's education4 ,actual m9d is all above bo>d2 x is all speculative1 vibrant1 ! fruit & gift ( ^? m5ial subt]ranean processes4 ,"s g5]ative processes may be call$ psy*ic 9 t !y m9i/] to m9d & l5d x :at little cont9uity x c boa/ (2 b !y are n processes 9 consci\sness4 ,processes 9 consci\sness are /hetic or dialectical processes1 focuss+ a =m r ?an u%]+ 9 an exi/5ce4 ,m5tal activity has a "* altoge!r ali5 to association3 x is spiritual1 n me*anical2 an entele*y1 n a g5esis4 ,sid5ote3 ,sugge/ion a fancy "n = automatism1 ,= ^! & o!r reasons association has fall5 into "s disrepute2 b x is n easy to say :at1 9 absolute psy*ology1 has come to take its place4 ,if we speak ( sugge/ion1 a c]ta9 dynamic turn seems to be giv5 to ! matt]2 yet 9 :at s5se a p]ception sugge/s its future developm5t rema9s a my/]y4 ,t a c]ta9 rip5+ & expansion ( consci\sness goes on 9 man1 n guid$ by =m] collocations ( ideas1 is v true2 = we d n fall 9 love = ! fir/ "t because ?is p]son lov$ & ^! ard5t emotions h be5 habitually associat$ 9 pa/ exp]i5ce4 ,& any impassion$ disc\rse1 op5+ at e turn into new vi/as1 %[s ! same sort ( vegetation4 ,yet to obs]ve t consci\sness is automatic is n to disclose ! me*anism by :i* x evolves4 ,! !ory ( spontane\s gr[? (f]s less explanation ( ev5ts1 if t be possible1 ?an ! !ory ( association4 ,x is p]haps a bett] description ( ! facts1 s9ce at lea/ x makes no attempt to d$uce !m f "o ano!r4 ,sid5ote3 & w ano!r4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 a relation impli$ 9 ! burd5 or w ( ! mom5t be invok$1 ! connection e/abli%$1 s f> z x goes1 is dialectical4 ,:]e a dialectical correspond5ce is n f\nd1 a mat]ial cause w\ld h to be appeal$ to1 ,su* a half-dialectical psy*ology w\ld be l ,s*op5hau]'s1 q metaphysical4 ,x might be a great improvem5t on an absolute psy*ology1 because x w\ld re/ore1 ev5 if 9 my?ical t]ms1 a backgr\nd & mean+ to life4 ,! unconsci\s ,absolute ,w1 ! avid ,g5ius ( ! ,species1 ! all-attract+ ,platonic ,ideas are fabul\s2 b b5ea? !m x is n h>d to div9e ! =ces ( nature4 ,?is volitional s*ool supplies a good /epp+-/one f metaphysics back to sci5tific psy*ology4 ,x rema9s m]ely to sub/itute in/9ct = w1 & to expla9 t in/9ct--or ev5 w1 if ! t]m be ?\ght m consol+--is m]ely a ^w cov]+ t op]ative organisation 9 ! body :i* controls action1 det]m9es aff9ities1 dictates pref]5ces1 & su/a9s ideation4 ,sid5ote3 ,d\ble atta*m5t ( m9d to nature4 ,:at sci5tific psy*ology has to attempt--= little has be5 accompli%$--may be r$uc$ to ?is3 ,to develop physiology & an?ropology until ! me*anism ( life becomes cle>1 at lea/ 9 its g5]al me?od1 & !n to det]m9e1 by exp]im5t & by well-sift$ te/imony1 :at consci\s sublimation ea* ( ^? mat]ial situations atta9s1 if inde$ x atta9s any4 ,!re w always rema91 no d\bt1 _m a region :]e ! ma*9]y ( nature is too f9e = u to trace or eludes u by involv+ ag5cies t we lack s5ses to p]ceive4 ,9 ^! regions :]e sci5ce is d5i$ we %all h to be satisfi$ ) l&scape-pa9t+4 ,! m obvi\s results & sup]ficial h>monies p]ceiv$ 9 ^? regions w receive names & physics w be arre/$ at natural hi/ory4 ,:]e ^! unexpla9$ facts are m5tal x w n be h>d to d m sy/ematically :at common s5se has done already1 & to atta* !m1 z we atta* love or patriotism1 to ! natural crises t subt5d !m4 ,?is plac+ ( m5tal facts is made easy by ! m5tal facts !mselves1 s9ce ! connection ( m9d ) nature is d\ble1 & ev5 :5 ! d]ivation ( a feel+ is obscure we h b to /udy its mean+1 all[+ x to tell u :at x is int]e/$ 91 = a r\ndab\t pa? to lead u safely back to its natural basis4 ,x is sup]flu\s to ask a ?ird p]son :at circum/ances produce hung]3 hung] w lead y unmi/akably en\gh to its po9t ( orig91 & its extreme int]e/ 9 food w n suff] y long to believe t want ( n\ri%m5t has no?+ to d ) its cause4 ,& x is n o!rwise ) high] emotions & ideas4 ,no?+ b sophi/ry c put u 9 d\bt ab\t :at consci5ce repres5ts2 = consci5ce does n say1 squ>e ! circle1 ext+ui% mank9d s z to /op its suff]+s1 or /eal s z to b5efit y\r heirs4 ,x says1 ,?\ %alt n kill1 & x also says1 ,?\ %alt wor%ip ! ,"l ?y ,god :o br\ght !e out ( ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,s t consci5ce1 by its import & incid5ce1 cle>ly en\gh decl>es :at x spr+s f--a social tradition2 & :at x repres5ts--! int]e/s1 real or imag9>y1 ( ! community 9 :i* y 7 re>$4 ,:]e psy*ology dep5ds on lit]ature1 :]e bo? its units & its me?od are poetical1 !re c be no talk ( sci5ce4 ,we may z ju/ly1 or z absurdly1 speak ( ! _s ( an age or ( a religion z ( a man's "* or a riv]'s god4 ,p>ticul>s 9 illu/ration may h good hi/oric w>rant1 b ! unities sup]impos$ are ideal4 ,su* metaphors may be v useful1 = a man may ord9>ily be tru/$ to cont9ue 8 practices & a riv] its b5efic5t or disa/r\s floods2 & s9ce ^? rhetorical =ms h no exi/5ce 9 nature we may cont9ue to frame !m z may be mo/ conv5i5t = disc\rse4 ,sid5ote3 ,is ! subject-matt] ( psy*ology absolute be+8 ,:5 psy*ology is a sci5ce1 !n1 x describes ! fly+ consci\sness t accompanies bodily life4 ,x is ! sci5ce ( feel+ or absolute appe>ance1 tak5 exactly z x seems or feels4 ,does su* a psy*ology1 we may be tempt$ to ask1 con/itute sci5tific k ( reality8 ,is x at la/ ! true metaphysics8 ,?is "q w\ld h to be answ]$ 9 ! negative1 yet n )\t "s previ\s discrim9ations4 ,!re is hone/y 9 ! conviction t s5ti5ce is a sort ( absolute2 x is some?+ :i* c]ta9ly exi/s4 ,! fir/ ,c>tesian axiom applies to x1 & to feel1 ev5 d\btfully1 t feel+ exi/$ w\ld be to posit its exi/5ce4 ,! sci5ce t describes s5ti5ce describes at lea/ a "p ( exi/5ce4 ,yet ?is self-gr\nd+ ( consci\sness is a suspici\s circum/ance3 x r5d]s x 9 "o s5se ! typical reality & 9 ano!r s5se p]haps ! sorrie/ illusion4 ,sid5ote3 ,s5ti5ce is repres5table only 9 fancy 8,reality0 is an ambigu\s t]m4 ,if we mean by x ! imm$iate1 !n s5ti5ce w\ld be a "p if n ! :ole ( reality2 = :at we mean by s5ti5ce or consci\sness is ! imm$iate 9 s f> z we conta9 x1 & :atev] self-gr\nd$ exi/5ce !re may be else:]e c be conceiv$ by u only my?ically & on t analogy1 z if x 7 an ext5sion or v>iation ( s5ti5ce4 ,psy*ology w\ld !n be k ( reality1 = ev5 :5 consci\sness conta9s elaborate ?\ghts t might be full ( illusions1 psy*ology takes !m only z s mu* feel+1 & 9 t capacity !y are real en\gh4 ,at ! same "t1 :ile our sci5ce t]m9ates ^u m]e feel+1 x c nei!r discov] nor describe t feel+ except 9 t]ms ( some?+ q diff]5t2 & ! only "p ( psy*ology t p]haps p5etrates to brute s5ti5ce is ! "p t is n sci5tific4 ,! k t sci5ce rea*es ab\t absolute /ates ( m9d is relative k2 ^! /ates ( m9d are approa*$ f )\t & are def9$ by _! surr\nd+ conditions & by _! ideal objects4 ,!y are kn[n by be+ envelop$ 9 processes ( :i* !y !mselves are n aw>e4 ,ap>t f ?is sett+1 ! only feel+ kn[n is t :i* is endur$4 ,aft] ! fact1 or be=e1 or f any o!r po9t ( vantage1 x _c be directly reveal$2 at be/ x may be div9$ & re-enact$4 ,ev5 ?is possible repetition w\ld n con/itute k unless ! imag9ative reproduction 7 id5tifi$ ) or attribut$ to "s natural fact2 s t an adv5titi\s elem5t w\ld always atta* to any recognis$ feel+1 to any feel+ report$ to ano!r m9d4 ,x c\ld n be kn[n at all unless some?+ 7 kn[n ab\t x1 s t x might n pass1 z o!rwise x w\ld1 = a m]e +r$i5t ( pres5t s5ti5ce4 ,x is precisely by virtue ( ?is adv5titi\s elem5t t ! re-enact$ feel+ takes its place 9 nature & becomes an object ( k4 ,sci5ce furni%es ?is sett+2 ! jewel--preci\s or false--mu/ be suppli$ by imag9ation4 ,romance1 dramatic my?1 is ! only in/rum5t = kn[+ ?is sort ( 8reality40 ,a fly+ mom5t1 if at all und]/ood or und]p9n$1 or if se5 9 its context1 w\ld be n kn[n absolutely z x _h be5 felt1 b w\ld be kn[n sci5tifically & z x lay 9 nature4 ,b dramatic insight1 /riv+ to pi]ce ?r\gh ! ma*9]y ( ! _w & to atta9 & repeat :at dreams may be go+ on at its core1 is no sci5ce2 & ! v notion t ! dreams are int]nal1 t !y make ! int]ior or sub/ance ( bodies1 is a crude mat]iali/ic fancy4 ,body1 on ! contr>y1 is ! sub/ance or in/rum5t ( m9d1 & has to be look$ = b5ea? x4 ,! m9d is itself e!real & plays ab\t ! body z music ab\t a viol91 or r z ! s5se ( a page ab\t ! pr9t & pap]4 ,to look = x )9 is n to und]/& :at we are look+ =4 ,k ( ! imm$iate else:]e is accord+ly vision>y 9 its me?od1 & fur!rmore1 if1 by a =tunate *ance1 x be true 9 fact1 x is true only ( :at 9 itself is b appe>ance2 = ! imm$iate1 :ile absolutely real 9 its /ress or pres5ce1 is indef9itely ignorant & false 9 its deliv]ance4 ,x kn[s itself1 b 9 ! wor/ s5se ( ! ^w k2 = x kn[s no?+ ( :at is true ab\t x1 no?+ ( its relations & conditions4 ,to pi]ce to ?is bl9d 8reality0 or psy*ic flux1 :i* is no?+ b fly+ appe>ance1 we mu/ rely on =tune1 or an accid5tal h>mony betwe5 imitative fancy 9 u n[ & orig9al s5ti5ce else:]e4 ,x is accord+ly at lea/ mislead+ to give ! "n ( 8reality0 to ?is appe>ance1 :i* is entirely lo/ & inconsequ5tial 9 its be+1 )\t trace ( its own /atus1 & consequ5tly approa*able or kn[able only by div9ation1 z a dream might call to ano!r dream4 ,sid5ote3 ,! conditions & objects ( s5ti5ce1 :i* are n s5ti5ce1 are also real4 ,x is pref]able to give a m ,platonic mean+ to ! ^w & to let 8reality0 designate n :at is m]ely felt diffusely b :at is true ab\t ^? feel+s4 ,!n dramatic fancy1 psy*ology ( ! sympa!tic sort1 w\ld n be able to rea* reality at all4 ,on ! o!r h& sci5tific psy*ology1 toge!r ) all o!r sci5ces1 w\ld h reality = its object2 = x w\ld disclose :at really 0 true ab\t s5ti5t mom5ts1 )\t /opp+ p>ticul>ly to s9k ab/ract$ly into _! inn] quality or private semblance4 ,x w\ld approa* & describe ! imm$iate z a s5ti5t factor 9 a natural situation1 & %[ u to :at ext5t t situation 0 repres5t$ 9 t feel+4 ,?is repres5tation1 by :i* ! dignity & int]e/ ( pure s5ti5ce w\ld be measur$1 might be ei!r pictorial or virtual2 t is1 a consci\s mom5t might repres5t ! environ+ _w ei!r sci5tifically1 by und]/&+ its /ructure1 or practically1 by in/9ctive read9ess to meet x4 ,sid5ote3 ,m9d kn[able & important 9 s f> z x repres5ts o!r ?+s4 ,:at1 = in/ance1 is ! reality ( ,napoleon8 ,is x :at a telepa?ic poet1 a complete ,br[n+1 might recon/ruct8 ,is x ,napoleon's life-long soliloquy8 ,or to get at ! reality %\ld we h to add1 z sci5tific psy*ology w\ld1 ! conditions "u :i* he liv$1 & _! relation to 8 casual feel+s8 ,obvi\sly if ,napoleon's ?\ghts _h _h no ref]5ce to ! _w we %\ld n be able to recov] !m2 or if by *ance su* ?\ghts fell "s day to our %>e1 we %\ld attribute !m to our own m5tal luxuriance1 )\t suspect+ t !y _h ev] visit$ ano!r g5ius4 ,our k ( 8 life1 ev5 :]e x is imag9ative1 dep5ds ^u sci5tific k = its projection2 & 8 fame & immortality dep5d on ! degree to :i* 8 ?\ghts1 be+ root$ 9 ! /ructure ( ! _w & p]t95t to x1 c be rationally reproduc$ 9 o!rs & attribut$ to him4 ,napoleon's consci\sness might p]haps be m ju/ly id5tifi$ ) ! tru? or reality ( him ?an c\ld t ( mo/ p1 because he seems to h be5 unusually cognisant ( 8 environm5t & ma/] ( ! =ces at "w 9 x & 9 himself4 ,he und]/ood 8 causes & function1 & knew t he _h aris51 l all ! re/ ( hi/ory1 & t he /ood = ! transmissible =ce & au?ority ( great] ?+s4 ,su* a consci\sness c be kn[n 9 proportion z we1 too1 possess k1 & is wor? ! pa9s2 some?+ :i* c\ld n be said ( ! absolute s5ti5ce ( ,dick or ,h>ry1 :i* has only mat]ial be+1 brute exi/5ce1 )\t relevance to any?+ nor und]/&+ ( itself4 ,! circum/ances1 op5 to sci5ce1 :i* surr\nd consci\sness are ?us real attributes ( a man by :i* he is truly kn[n & di/+ui%$4 ,appe>ances are ! qualities ( reality1 else realities w\ld be )\t place1 "t1 "*1 or int]relation4 ,9 kn[+ t ,napoleon 0 a ,corsican1 a %ort man ) a f9e c\nt5ance1 we "k appe>ances only2 b ^! appe>ances are true ( ! reality4 ,& if ! presumable inn] appe>ances1 ,napoleon's long soliloquy1 7 sep>at$ f ! o!rs1 ^? inn] appe>ances w\ld n belong to ,napoleon nor h any home 9 ! kn[able _w4 ,t :i* physics1 ) its concomitant psy*ology1 might discov] 9 a man is ! sum ( :at is true ab\t him1 see+ t a man is a concretion 9 exi/5ce1 ! fragm5t ( a _w1 & n a def9ition4 ,appe>ances def9e ! con/itu5t elem5ts ( 8 reality1 :i* c\ld n be bett] kn[n ?an ?r\gh _! means4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,e3 ,ari/otle call$ ! s\l ! fir/ entele*y ( su* a body4 ,?is fir/ entele*y is :at we %\ld call life1 s9ce x is possess$ by a man asleep4 ,! ,fr5* ,i "k b d n use is 9 its fir/ entele*y2 ! ,fr5* ,i am actually speak+ is 9 its second4 ,consci\sness is !re=e ! second or actualis$ entele*y ( its body4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,int5t ,sid5ote3 ,dialectic bett] ?an physics4 ,common k passes f memory to hi/ory & f hi/ory to me*anism2 & hav+ rea*$ t po9t x may /op to look back1 n )\t misgiv+s1 ov] ! c\rse x has trav]s$1 & ?us become psy*ology4 ,^! inve/igations1 tak5 toge!r1 con/itute physics1 or ! sci5ce ( exi/5ce4 ,b ?is is only half ( sci5ce & on ! :ole ! less int]e/+ & less fundam5tal half4 ,no exi/5ce is ( mom5t to a man1 n ev5 8 own1 unless x t\*es 8 w & fulfils or ?w>ts 8 int5t4 ,unless he is conc]n$ t exi/5ces %\ld be ( specific k9ds1 unless he is int]e/$ 9 =m1 he c h>dly be int]e/$ 9 be+4 ,at ! v lea/ 9 t]ms ( pleasure v]sus pa91 light v]sus d>kness1 com=t v]sus t]ror1 ! fly+ mom5t mu/ be load$ ) obloquy or excell5ce if its passage is n to rema9 a dead fact1 & to s9k f ! sph]e ( actuality altoge!r into t dron+ limbo ( pot5tialities :i* we call matt]4 ,be+ :i* is indiff]5t to =m is only ! mat]ial ( be+4 ,to exi/ is no?+ if y h no?+ to d1 if !re is no?+ to *oose or to di/+ui%1 or if ^? ?+s :i* belong to a *os5 =m are n ga!r$ into x be=e y\r eyes1 to express :at we call a tru? or an excell5ce4 ,exi/5ce naturally prec$es any idealisation ( x :i* m5 c contrive 7s9ce !y1 at lea/1 mu/ exi/ fir/71 yet 9 ! ord] ( values k ( exi/5ce is subsidi>y to k ( ideals4 ,if x be true t a good physics is z yet ! pr$om9ant ne$ 9 sci5ce1 & t man is /ill mo/ tr\bl$ by 8 ignorance ( matt]s ( fact1 ?is circum/ance m>ks 8 illib]al condition4 ,)\t k ( exi/5ce no?+ c be done2 b no?+ is really done until some?+ else is kn[n also1 ! use or excell5ce t exi/5ce may h4 ,x is a great pity t ^? f9] temp]am5ts t are naturally address$ to ! ideal %\ld h turn$ _! en]gies to produc+ bad physics1 or to prev5t+ o!rs f e/abli%+ natural tru?s2 = if physics 7 e/abli%$ on a firm basis ! ideali/s w\ld = ! fir/ "t h a free field4 ,!y might !n recov] _! prop] function ( express+ ! m9d hone/ly1 & disda9 ! sorry attempt to prolong confusion & to fi% 9 tr\bl$ wat]s4 ,sid5ote3 ,maladju/m5ts to nature r5d] physics conspicu\s & unpleasant4 ,p]haps if physical tru? _h n be5 s hugely misrepres5t$ 9 m5's fai? & conduct1 x w\ld n ne$ to be m9utely reveal$ or p>ticul>ly emphasis$4 ,:5 ! conditions surr\nd+ life are n rightly fac$ by in/9ct !y are inevitably =c$ ^u reflection ?r\gh pa9ful %ocks2 & = a long "t ! new habit ?us =c$ ^u m5 br+s to consci\sness n s mu* ! movem5t ( consci\sness itself z ! po9ts at :i* its movem5t imp+es on ! ext]nal _w & feels *ecks & frictions4 ,physics ?us becomes inord9ately conspicu\s 7z :5 philology subm]ges ! love ( lett]s7 = lack ( a good disposition t %\ld all[ u to take physics = grant$4 ,mu* 9 nature is delightful to "k & to keep 9 m9d1 b mu* also 7! :ole inf9ite rema9d]7 is obscure & un9t]e/+2 & 7 we practically well adju/$ to its issue we might gladly absolve ourselves f /udy+ its processes4 ,9 a _w t 9 ext5t & complexity s f> outruns human en]gies1 physical k ought to be l>gely virtual2 t is1 nature ought to be repres5t$ by a suitable attitude t[>d x1 by ! attitude :i* reason w\ld dictate 7 k complete1 & n by explicit ideas4 ,sid5ote3 ,physics %\ld be l>gely virtual4 ,! anci5ts 7 happily inspir$ :5 !y imag9$ t beyond ! gods & ! fix$ />s ! cosmos came to an end1 = ! empyrean beyond 0 no?+ 9 p>ticul>1 no?+ to tr\ble "o's self ab\t4 ,_m exi/5ces are ei!r out ( relation to man altoge!r or h s inf9itesimal an influ5ce on 8 exp]i5ce t !y may be suffici5tly repres5t$ !re by an atom ( />-du/2 & x is probable t if1 out ( pure curiosity1 we wi%$ to consid] v remote be+s & _h ! means ( do+ s1 we %\ld f9d ! detail ( exi/5ce 9 !m :olly incomm5surable ) any?+ we c conceive4 ,su* be+s c\ld be kn[n virtually only1 9 t we might speak ( !m 9 ! "r key1 repres5t+ !m 9 appropriate symbols1 & might move 9 _! company ) ! "r degree ( respectful indiff]5ce4 ,sid5ote3 & dialectic explicit4 ,! pres5t situation ( sci5ce1 h[ev]1 rev]ses ! ideal "o4 ,physics1 9 s f> z x exi/s1 is explicit1 & at v>iance ) our acquir$ attitude t[>d ?+s2 s t we may ju/ly inf]1 by ! %ock our little k gives u1 t our presumptions & assumptions h be5 s egregi\s t m k w\ld give u /ill great] %ocks4 ,meantime dialectic1 or k ( ideal ?+s1 rema9s m]ely virtual4 ,! ideal usually comes be=e u only 9 revulsions :i* we _c help feel+ aga9/ "s sc&al\s situation or "s intol]able muddle4 ,we h no "t or g5ius left1 aft] our agitat$ s\nd+s & bal+s1 to ?9k ( navigation z a f9e art1 or to consid] freely ! sea & sky or ! l& we are seek+4 ,! prop] occupation ( ! m9d is gone1 or r n initiat$4 ,a fur!r bad consequ5ce ( ?is illib]al /ate is t1 among _m :o h1 9 spite ( ! times1 adoration 9 _! s\ls1 to adore physics1 to wor%ip ,be+1 seems a philosophical religion1 :]eas1 ( c\rse1 x is ! ess5ce ( idolatry4 ,! true ,god is an object ( int5t1 an ideal ( excell5ce & k1 n a t]m belong+ to s5se or to probable hypo!sis or to ! prud5t managem5t ( affairs4 ,aft] we h squ>$ our acc\nts ) nature & tak5 suffici5t ?\ght = our bodily necessities1 ! eyes c be lift$ = ! fir/ "t to ! et]nal4 ,! re/ 0 sup]/ition & ! quak+ use ( a false physics4 ,t appeal to ! sup]natural :i* :ile ! dang] ?reat5s is b =lorn m$ic9e1 aft] ! bl[ has fall5 may turn to sublime wisdom4 ,?is wisdom has ca/ out ! fe> ( mat]ial evils1 & dreads only t ! div9e %\ld n come d[n & be wor?ily ent]ta9$ among u4 ,9 art1 9 politics1 9 t =m ( religion :i* is sup]ior1 & n inf]ior1 to politics & art1 we def9e & embody int5t2 & ! int5t embodi$ dignifies ! "w & l5ds int]e/ to its conditions4 ,s1 9 sci5ce1 x is dialectic t makes physics speculative & wor?y ( a free m9d4 ,! bas] utilities ( mat]ial k w\ld leave life itself p]fectly va91 if !y did n help x to take on an ideal %ape4 ,ideal life1 9 s f> z x con/itutes sci5ce1 is dialectical4 ,x consi/s 9 see+ h[ ?+s hang toge!r p]spicu\sly & h[ ! lat] phases ( any process fill out--z 9 good music--! t5d5cy & promise ( :at w5t be=e4 ,?is d]ivation may be ma!matical or x may be moral2 b 9 ei!r case ! data & problem def9e ! result1 dialectic be+ insight into _! inh]5t correspond5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,int5t is vital & indescribable4 ,int5t is "o ( _m evid5ces t ! intellect's ess5ce is practical4 ,int5t is action 9 ! sph]e ( ?\ght2 x corresponds to transition & d]ivation 9 ! natural _w4 ,analytic psy*ology is oblig$ to ignore int5t1 = x is oblig$ to reg>d x m]ely z a feel+2 b :ile ! feel+ ( int5t is a fact l any o!r1 int5t itself is an aspiration1 a passage1 ! recognition ( an object :i* n only is n a "p ( ! feel+ giv5 b is (t5 incapable ( be+ a feel+ or a fact at all4 ,:at happ5$ to motion "u ! ,eleatic analysis happ5s to int5t "u an anatomis+ reflection4 ,! p>ts d n conta9 ! movem5t ( transition :i* makes !m a :ole4 ,moral exp]i5ce is n expressible 9 physical categories1 because :ile y may give place & date = e feel+ t some?+ is important or is absurd1 y _c s express :at ^! feel+s h discov]$ & h wi%$ to confide to y4 ,! importance & ! absurdity h disappe>$4 ,yet x is ?is pron\ncem5t conc]n+ :at ?+s are absurd or important t makes ! int5t ( ^? judgm5ts4 ,to t\* x y h to ent] ! moral _w2 t is1 y h to br+ "s sympa!tic or ho/ile judgm5t to be> on ^? y are consid]+ & to meet int5t1 n by not+ its exi/5ce1 b by e/imat+ its value1 by collat+ x ) y\r own int5t4 ,if "s "o says two & two are five1 y are no c\nt]-ma!matician :5 y consci5ti\sly put x d[n t he said s4 ,y\r sci5ce is n relevant to 8 int5t until y run "s risk y\rself 9 t ar5a & say1 ,no3 two & two are f\r4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is analog\s to flux 9 exi/5ce ,feel+s & ideas1 :5 pluck$ & sep>ately consid]$1 d n reta9 ! int5t t made !m cognitive or liv+2 yet 9 _! native m$ium !y c]ta9ly liv$ & knew4 ,if ?is ideality or transc5d5ce seems a my/]y1 x is su* only 9 ! s5se 9 :i* e initial or typical fact is my/]i\s4 ,e category w\ld be un?9kable if x 7 n actually us$4 ,! my/]y 9 ?is in/ance has1 h[ev]1 all t c be/ s]ve to make a my/]y homely & amiable4 ,x is support$ by a /rong analogy to o!r famili> my/]ies4 ,! fact t intellect has int5t1 & does n con/itute or conta9 :at x envisages1 is l ! fact t "t fl[s1 t bodies gravitate1 t exp]i5ce is ga!r$1 or t exi/5ce is susp5d$ betwe5 be+ & n be+4 ,propagation 9 animals is my/]i\s & famili> 9 ! same fa%ion4 ,cognition1 too1 is an exp$i5t = vanqui%+ in/ability4 ,z reproduction circumv5ts mortality & pres]ves a semblance ( p]man5ce 9 ! mid/ ( *ange1 s int5t reg>ds :at is n yet1 or n "h1 or :at exi/s no long]4 ,?us ! pulv]isation prop] to exi/5ce is vanqui%$ by ?\ght1 :i* 9 a mom5t ann\nces or commemorates o!r mom5ts1 toge!r ) ! mann] ( _! approa* or recession4 ,! m]e image ( :at is abs5t con/itutes no k ( x2 a dream is n k ( a _w l x exi/+ else:]e2 x is simply ano!r m fragile _w4 ,:at r5d]s ! image cognitive is ! int5t t projects x & deputes x to be repres5tative4 ,x is cognitive only 9 use1 :5 x is ! vehicle ( an assurance :i* may be "r or wrong1 because x takes some?+ ult]ior = its /&>d4 ,sid5ote3 ,x expresses natural life4 ,we may give int5t a some:at m cong5ial aspect if we rememb] t ?\ght comes to animals 9 proportion to _! docility 9 ! _w & to _! practical compet5ce4 ,! m pla/ic a be+ is to exp]i5ce1 s long z he reta9s vital cont9uity & a cumulative /ructure1 ! m intellig5t he becomes4 ,intellig5ce is an expression ( adaptation1 ( impressionable & prophetic /ructure4 ,:at wond]1 !n1 t intellig5ce %\ld speak ( ! ?+s t inspire x & t l5d x its oracul> & practical "*1 namely1 ( ?+s at t mom5t abs5t & m]ely pot5tial1 9 o!r words1 ( ! surr\nd+ _w8 ,m]e feel+ might suffice to translate into consci\sness ea* p>ticle ( protoplasm 9 its isolation2 b to translate ! relations ( t p>ticle to :at is n itself & to express its response to ^? environ+ pres5ces1 int5t & consci\s signification are requir$4 ,intellect transc5ds ! giv5 & means ! abs5t because life1 ( :i* intellect is ! fulfilm5t or entele*y1 is itself absorb$ f )\t & radiat$ outw>d4 ,z life dep5ds on an equilibrium ( mat]ial processes :i* rea* f> beyond ! individual !y su/a9 9 be+1 s int5t is a recognition ( outly+ exi/5ces :i* su/a9 9 be+ t v sympa?y by :i* !y are recognis$4 ,int5t & life are m ?an analog\s4 ,if we use ! ^w life 9 an ideal s5se1 ! two are co9cid5t1 =1 z ,ari/otle says1 ! act prop] to intellect is life4,f ,! flux is s p]vasive1 s subtle 9 its p]si/5cy1 t ev5 ^? miracles :i* susp5d x mu/ someh[ %>e its de/9y4 ,int5t bridges _m a *asm1 b only by leap+ across4 ,! life t is su/a9$ = ye>s1 ! political or moral purpose t may b9d :ole races toge!r1 is condemn$ to be p>tly a memory & p>tly a plan & :olly an ideal4 ,its scope is no?+ b ! range to :i* x c cont9ually ext5d its sympa?ies & its p[] ( repres5tation4 ,its mom5ts h no?+ 9 common except _! loyalties & a conspir+ int]e/ 9 :at is n !mselves4 ,sid5ote3 ,x has a mat]ial basis4 ,?is moral en]gy1 s closely analog\s to physical int]play1 is ( c\rse n )\t a mat]ial basis4 ,spiritual sublimation does n consi/ 9 n us+ matt] b 9 us+ x up1 9 mak+ x all useful4 ,:5 life becomes rational x cont9ues to be me*anical & to take up room & en]gy 9 ! natural _w4 ,t new direction ( att5tion ^u =m :i* f9ds 9 facts in/ances ( ideas1 does n occur )\t a c]ta9 heat & lab\r 9 ! bra94 ,9 its mo/ intimate & sup]natural functions intellect has natural conditions4 ,9 dreams & madness int5t is confus$ & wayw>d1 9 idiocy x is susp5d$ altoge!r2 nor has disc\rse any o!r pl$ge t x is address+ k9dr$ int]locutors except t :i* x receives f ! disposition & habit ( bodies4 ,p :o h n yet be5 born into ! _w h n yet begun to ?9k ab\t x4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 an inn] dialectical relevance among all propositions t h ! same ideal !me1 no matt] h[ remote or unkn[n to "o ano!r ^? :o utt] ! propositions may be2 b ! m$ium 9 :i* ?is inf9ite dialectical network is wov5 is motionless1 & indiff]5t to ! direction 9 :i* ?\ght might trav]se x2 9 o!r words1 x is n disc\rse or intellig5ce b et]nal tru?4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( exp]i5ce ?is prior dialectical relation ( =m to =m is m]ely pot5tial2 = ! ?\ghts betwe5 :i* x w\ld obta9 ne$ nev] exi/ or be enact$4 ,!re is society only among inc>nate ideas2 & x is only by express+ "s mat]ial situation t an idea is select$ out ( ! inf9ity ( n impossible ideas & promot$ to ! temporal dignity ( actual ?\ght4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is necess>ily relevant to e>?4 ,moreov]1 ev5 if ! faculty ( intellig5ce 7 disembodi$ & c\ld exi/ 9 a vacuum1 x w\ld /ill be a va9 possession if no data 7 giv5 = x to op]ate ^u & if no p>ticul> natural /ructure1 animal1 social1 or arti/ic1 7 at h& = intellig5ce to ally itself to & def5d4 ,reason w\ld 9 t case die ( inanition2 x w\ld h no subject-matt] & no sanction1 z well z no seat4 ,intellig5ce is n a sub/ance2 x is a pr9ciple ( ord] & ( art2 x requires a giv5 situation & "s p>ticul> natural int]e/ to br+ x into play4 ,9 fact1 x is no?+ b a "n = ! empire :i* consci\s1 b at bottom irrational1 int]e/s atta9 ov] ! field 9 :i* !y op]ate2 x is ! fruition ( life1 ! tok5 ( successful op]ation4 ,e !me or motive 9 ! ,life ( ,reason expresses "s in/9ct root$ 9 ! body & incid5tal to natural organisation4 ,! int5t by :i* memory ref]s to pa/ or abs5t exp]i5ce1 or ! int5t by :i* p]ception becomes recognition1 is a transcript ( relations 9 :i* ev5ts actually /& to "o ano!r4 ,su* int5t repres5ts modifications ( /ructure & action important to life1 modifications t h respond$ to =ces on :i* life is dep5d5t4 ,bo? desire & mean+ translate into cognitive or ideal en]gy1 into int5t1 me*anical relations subsi/+ 9 nature4 ,^! me*anical relations give practical =ce to ! ?\ght t expresses !m1 & ! ?\ght 9 turn gives significance & value to ! =ces t subs]ve x4 ,fulfilm5t is mutual1 9 "o direction br++ mat]ial pot5tialities to ! light & mak+ !m actual & consci\s1 & 9 ! o!r direction embody+ int5t 9 ! actual =ms ( ?+s & manife/+ reason4 ,no?+ c\ld be m ill-consid]$ ?an ! desire to disembody reason4 ,reason cries al\d = reunion ) ! mat]ial _w :i* %e ne$s n only = a basis b1 :at conc]ns h] ev5 m1 = a !me4 ,9 private & sil5t disc\rse1 :5 words & gramm> are swa!d 9 rev]ie1 ! mat]ial basis & ref]5ce ( ?\ght may be =gott54 ,desire & int5t may !n seem to disport !mselves 9 a purely ideal realm2 moral or logical t5sions alone may seem to det]m9e ! :ole process4 ,m$itative p]sons are ev5 incl9$ to reg>d ! disembodi$ life :i* !y ?9k !y enjoy at su* times z ! true & native =m ( exp]i5ce2 all organs1 applications1 & expressions ( ?\ght !y deprecate & call accid5tal4 ,z "s pi\s s\ls reject dogma to rea* pure fai? & susp5d pray] to enjoy union1 s "s my/ical logicians drop ! _w 9 ord] to grasp reality4 ,x is an exquisite suicide2 b ! en]gy & ideal t su/a9 su* a flight are annihilat$ by its issue1 & ! s\l drops l a pap] balloon consum$ by ! v flame t waft$ x4 ,no ?\ght is f\nd )\t an organ2 none is conceivable )\t an expression :i* is t organ's visible emanation2 & none w\ld be significant )\t a subject-matt] ly+ 9 ! _w ( :i* t organ is a "p4 ,sid5ote3 ,! basis ( int5t becomes appreciable 9 language4 ,! natural /ructure und]ly+ int5t is lat5t 9 sil5t ?\ght1 & its exi/5ce might be d5i$ by a sceptical ?9k] ov] ^: m9d ! analogies & _s ( physics ex]cis$ little influ5ce4 ,?is hypo!tical /ructure is n1 h[ev]1 )\t obvi\s ext5sions :i* imply its exi/5ce ev5 :]e we d n p]ceive x directly4 ,a smile or a blu% makes visible to ! obs]v] movem5ts :i* mu/ h be5 at "w 9 ! body :ile ?\ght occupi$ ! m9d--ev5 if1 z m (t5 happ5s1 ! blu% or smile did n prec$e & introduce ! feel+ !y sugge/1 ! feel+ :i* 9 our v]bal my?ology is said to cause !m4 ,no "o w\ld be s simple z to suppose t su* involunt>y signs ( feel+ spr+ directly & by miracle out ( feel+4 ,!y surely cont9ue "s previ\s bodily commotion :i* det]m9es _! mat]ial "*1 s t laught]1 = in/ance1 becomes a sign ( amusem5t r ?an ( rage1 :i* x might j z well h repres5t$1 s f> z ! ab/ract feel+ itself is conc]n$4 ,9 ! same way a sigh1 a brea?1 a ^w are b ! la/ /age & sup]ficial explosion ( n]v\s t5sions1 t5sions :i* f ! po9t ( view ( _! o!r ev5tual expressions we might call int]play+ impulses or pot5tial memories4 ,z ^! mat]ial see?+s und]lay ! budd+ ?\ght1 s ! utt]$ ^w1 :5 x comes1 und]lies ! p]fect conception4 ,! ^w1 9 s f> z x is mat]ial1 und5iably cont9ues an int]nal mat]ial process1 = aphasia & g>rulity h kn[n physical causes4 ,9 ! vibrations :i* we call words ! hidd5 complexities ( c]ebral action fly out1 s to speak1 into ! air2 !y become recognisable s\nds emitt$ by lips & tongue & receiv$ by ! e>4 ,! utt]$ ^w produces an obvi\s commotion 9 nature2 ?r\gh x ?\ght1 be+ express$ 9 t its mat]ial basis is ext5d$ outw>d1 becomes at ! same mom5t rational & practical2 = its expression ent]s into ! *a9 ( its future conditions & becomes an om5 ( t ?\ght's cont9uance1 repetition1 & improvem5t4 ,?\ght's rational function consi/s1 z we !n p]ceive1 9 express+ a natural situation & improv+ t situation by express+ x1 until su* expression becomes a p]fect & adequate /ate ( k1 :i* ju/ifies bo? itself & its conditions4 ,expression makes ?\ght a p[] 9 ! v _w f :i* ?\ght drew its be+1 & r5d]s x 9 "s measure self-su/a9+ & self-assur$4 ,a ?ir/y man1 let u say1 begs = dr9k4 ,_h 8 petition be5 a wordless desire x might h be5 suppos$1 ?\gh falsely1 to be a disembodi$ & q immat]ial ev5t1 a transc5d5tal attitude ( w1 )\t conditions or consequ5ces1 b someh[ ) an absolute moral dignity4 ,b :5 ! petition became articulate & audible to a fell[-mortal1 :o !reupon proce$$ to fet* a cup ( wat]1 ! desire1 ?r\gh ! cry t express$ x1 obvi\sly ass]t$ itself 9 ! me*anical _w1 to :i* x already secretly belong$ by virtue ( its cause1 a p>*$ body4 ,?is mat]ial backgr\nd = moral en]gy1 :i* ev5 an in>ticulate ye>n+ w\ld n h lack$1 becomes 9 language an ov]t ph5om5on1 l9k$ obs]vably ) all o!r objects & processes4 ,language is accord+ly an ov]fl[ ( ! physical basis ( ?\ght4 ,x is an audible ge/ure1 m ref9$ ?an ! visible1 b 9 ! same s5se an automatic ext5sion ( n]v\s & muscul> processes4 ,words und]lie ! ?\ght !y are said to express--9 tru? x is ! ?\ght t is ! fl[] & expression ( ! language--mu* z ! body und]lies ! m9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,int5t />ts f a datum4 ,language conta9s1 side by side two di/9ct elem5ts4 ,"o is ! mean+ or s5se ( ! words--a logical projection giv5 to s5su\s t]ms4 ,! o!r is ! s5su\s vehicle ( t mean+--! s\nd1 sign1 or ge/ure4 ,?is s5su\s t]m is a fulcrum = ! lev] ( signification1 a po9t d'appui :i* may be indef9itely att5uat$ 9 rapid disc\rse1 b n altoge!r disc>d$4 ,int5t ?\gh x vaults high mu/ h some?+ to spr+ f1 or x w\ld l5d mean+ to no?+4 ,! m9imal s5su\s t]m t subsi/s s]ves z a clue to a :ole sy/em ( possible ass]tions radiat+ f x4 ,x becomes ! sign = an ess5ce or idea1 a logical hypo/asis correspond+ 9 disc\rse to t mat]ial hypo/asis ( p]ceptions :i* is call$ an ext]nal ?+4 ,! hypo/asis$ total ( rational & j disc\rse is ! tru?4 ,l ! physical _w1 ! tru? is ext]nal & 9 ! ma9 pot5tial4 ,its ideal consi/5cy & p]man5ce s]ve to make x a /&>d & backgr\nd = fleet+ ass]tions1 j z ! mat]ial hypo/asis call$ nature is ! /&>d & backgr\nd = all mom5t>y p]ceptions4 ,:at exi/s ( tru? 9 direct exp]i5ce is at any mom5t inf9itesimal1 z :at exi/s ( nature is1 b all t ei!r conta9s might be repres5t$ 9 exp]i5ce at "o "t or ano!r4,g ,sid5ote3 & is c>ri$ by a feel+4 ,! t5sions & relations ( words :i* make gramm> or make poetry are imm$iate 9 ess5ce1 ! =ce ( language be+ j z empirical z ! reality ( ?+s4 ,to ask a ?9k] :at he means by mean+ is z futile z to ask a c>p5t] :at he means by wood2 to discov] x y mu/ emulate !m & repeat _! exp]i5ce--:i* inde$ y w h>dly be able to d if "s sophi/ has s entangl$ y\r reason t y c nei!r und]/& :at y see nor ass]t :at y mean4 ,b z ! c>p5t]'s acqua9tance ) wood might be consid]ably ref9$ if he became a naturali/ or lib]alis$ if he became a c>v]1 s a casual speak]'s s5se ( :at he means might be bett] focuss$ by dialectic & m delicately %ad$ by lit]>y tra9+4 ,meantime ! vital act call$ int5t1 by :i* consci\sness becomes cognitive & practical1 w\ld rema9 at he>t an indescribable exp]i5ce1 a s5se ( spiritual life z radical & specific z ! s5se ( heat4 ,sid5ote3 ,x dem&s conv5tional expression4 ,significant language =ms a great sy/em ( ideal t5sions1 conta9$ 9 ! mutual relations ( p>ts ( spee*1 & ( clauses 9 propositions4 ,( ^! t5sions ! int5t 9 a man's m9d at any mom5t is a liv+ specim54 ,exp]i5ce at t mom5t may h a significance1 a transitive =ce1 t asks to be en%r9$ 9 "s p]man5t expression2 ! m acute & irrevocable ! crisis is1 ! m urg5t ! ne$ ( transmitt+ to o!r mom5ts "s cognisance ( :at 0 once s great4 ,b 7 ?is exp]i5ce to exhale its _s 9 a vacuum1 us+ no conv5tional & transmissible m$ium ( expression1 x w\ld be foil$ 9 its int5t4 ,x w\ld leave no monum5t & a*ieve no immortality 9 ! _w ( repres5tation2 = ! exp]i5ce & its expression w\ld rema9 id5tical & p]i% toge!r1 j z a p]ception & its object w\ld rema9 id5tical & p]i% toge!r if !re 7 no intellig5ce to discov] ! mat]ial _w1 to :i* ! p]plex+ %ifts ( s5sation may be habitually ref]r$4 ,spontane\s expression1 if x is to be recognisable & !re=e 9 effect expressive1 lab\rs "u ! necessity ( subord9at+ itself to an ideal sy/em ( expressions1 a p]man5t language 9 :i* its spontane\s utt]ances may be emb$d$4 ,by virtue ( su* adoption into a common m$ium expression becomes int]pretable2 a lat] mom5t may !n recon/ruct ! pa/ out ( its surviv+ memorial4 ,int5t1 beside ! =m x has 9 language1 :]e x makes ! s\l ( gramm>1 has _m o!r modes ( expression1 9 ma!matical & logical reason+1 9 action1 & 9 ^? contemplat$ & susp5d$ acts :i* we call e/imation1 policy1 or morals4 ,moral philosophy1 ! wisdom ( ,socrates1 is m]ely a consid]ation ( int5t4 ,9 int5t we pass ov] f exi/5ce to ideality1 ! nexus ly+ 9 ! propulsive nature ( life :i* c\ld n h be5 capp$ by any =m ( k :i* 0 n itself 9 "s way transitive & ambiti\s4 ,int5t1 ?\gh x looks away f exi/5ce & ! actual1 is ! mo/ natural & p]vasive ( ?+s4 ,physics & dialectic meet 9 ?is3 t ! second br+s to fruition :at ! fir/ describes1 namely1 exi/5ce1 & t bo? h _! transc5d5tal root 9 ! flux ( be+4 ,matt] _c exi/ )\t "s =m1 mu* z by %$d+ e =m 9 succession x may proclaim its av]sion to fixity & its radical =mlessness or inf9itude4 ,nor c =m1 )\t ! trea*]\s aid ( matt]1 pass f its ideal pot5tiality into select$ & in/ant be+4 ,sid5ote3 ,a fable ab\t matt] & =m4 ,9 ord] to live--if su* a my? may be all[$--! ,titan ,matt] 0 eag] to disguise 8 incorrigible vagu5ess & pret5d to be some?+4 ,he accord+ly address$ himself to ! beautiful company ( ,=ms1 si/]s :om he ?\ght all equally beautiful1 ?\gh _! numb] 0 endless1 & equally fit to satisfy 8 he>t4 ,he woo$ !m hypocritically1 ) no int5tion ( w$d+ !m2 yet he utt]$ _! names 9 su* s$uctive acc5ts 7call$ by mortals intellig5ce & toil7 t ! virg9 goddesses (f]$ no resi/ance--at lea/ su* ( !m z happ5$ to be ne> or ( a facile disposition4 ,!y 7 pres5tly des]t$ by _! unwor?y lov]2 yet !y1 too1 9 t mom5t's union1 _h ta/$ ! sweetness ( life4 ,! heav5 to :i* !y return$ 0 no long] an inf9ite ma!matical p>adise4 ,x 0 cross$ by memories ( e>?1 & a w>m] brea? l+]$ 9 "s ( its lanes & grottoes4 ,h5ce=? its nymphs c\ld n =get t !y _h awak5$ a passion1 & t1 unmov$ !mselves1 !y _h mov$ a /range indomitable giant to art & love4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,f3 ,cf4 ! motto on ! title-page4 ,footnote ,g3 ,n1 ( c\rse1 9 human exp]i5ce1 :i* is incapable ( conta9+ ! he>t ( a flea1 mu* less :at may be endur$ 9 remot] sph]es4 ,b if an intellig5ce 7 con/ruct$ ad hoc !re is no?+ real t might n fall )9 ! scope ( exp]i5ce4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 exi/5ce & tru? on ! "o side & k or repres5tation on ! o!r may be r$uc$ to ?is3 t k br+s :at exi/s or :at is true "u app]ception1 :ile be+ diffuses :at is und]/ood into an imp>tial subsi/5ce4 ,z tru? is indi/+ui%able f an absolute motionless intellect1 :i* %\ld no long] be a function ( life b m]ely a /atic ord]1 s exi/5ce is indi/+ui%able f an absolute motionless exp]i5ce1 :i* %\ld no long] be a =e%ort5+ or repres5tation ( any?+4 ,?is exi/5ce w\ld be motionless 9 ! s5se t x w\ld 8m>k "t10 = ( c\rse e fact 9 x might be a fact ( transition4 ,! :ole sy/em1 h[ev]1 w\ld h a /atic ideal con/itution1 s9ce ! fact t ?+s *ange 9 a c]ta9 way or /& 9 a c]ta9 ord] is z mu* a fact z any o!r2 & x is n a logical necessity1 ei!r1 b a brute matt] ( fact t might well h be5 o!rwise4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,dialectic ,sid5ote3 ,dialectic elaborates giv5 =ms4 ,! advantage :i* ! me*anical sci5ces h ov] hi/ory is drawn f _! ma!matical =m4 ,ma!matics has some:at ! same place 9 physics t consci5ce has 9 action2 x seems to be a directive pr9ciple 9 natural op]ations :]e x is only a =mal h>mony4 ,! =mali/ic s*ool1 :i* treats gramm> 9 all dep>tm5ts z if x 7 ! gr\nd ( import r ?an a means ( express+ x1 takes ma!matics also = an oracul> deliv]ance1 spr++ full-arm$ out ( ! bra91 & sett+ up a canon :i* all concrete ?+s mu/ con=m to4 ,?us ma!matical sci5ce has become a my/]y :i* a my? mu/ be con/ruct$ to solve4 ,= h[ c x happ51 p ask1 t pure intuition1 retreat+ into its cell1 c evolve !re a prodigi\s sy/em ( relations :i* x c>ries l a measur+-rod into ! _w & lo6 ev]y?+ 9 exp]i5ce submits to be measur$ by x8 ,:at pre-e/abli%$ h>mony is ?is betwe5 ! sp9n+ c]ebral silkworm & nature's sat9s & brocades8 ,if we b knew1 s ! my? runs1 t exp]i5ce c %[ no patt]ns b ^? :i* ! prolific ,m9d has wov51 we %\ld n wond] at ?is necess>y correspond5ce4 ,! ,m9d hav+ decre$ ( its own motion1 :ile x sat alone be=e ! creation ( ! _w1 t x w\ld take to dream+ ma!matically1 x evok$ out ( no?+ all =mal necessities2 & lat]1 :5 x felt "s solicitation to play ) ?+s1 x impos$ ^? =ms ^u all its toys1 admitt+ none ( any o!r sort into ! nurs]y4 ,9 o!r words1 p]ception p]fect$ its gramm> be=e p]ceiv+ any ( its objects1 & hav+ imput$ t gramm> to ! mat]ials ( s5se1 x 0 able to p]ceive objects = ! fir/ "t & to legislate fur!r ab\t _! relations4 ,! mo/ obvi\s artifices ( language are (t5 ! mo/ deceptive & br+ on epidemic prejudices4 ,:at is ?is ,m9d1 ?is ma*9e exi/+ prior to exi/5ce8 ,! m9d t exi/s is only a p>ticul> dep>tm5t or focus ( exi/5ce2 its pr9ciples _c be its own s\rce1 mu* less ! s\rce ( any?+ 9 o!r be+s4 ,ma!matical pr9ciples 9 p>ticul> are n impos$ on exi/5ce or on nature ab extra1 b are f\nd 9 & ab/ract$ f ! subject-matt] & m>* ( exp]i5ce4 ,to exi/ ?+s h to we> "s =m1 & ! =m !y happ5 to we> is l>gely ma!matical4 ,?is be+ ! case1 ! m9d 9 %ap+ its b>b>\s prosody some:at m closely to ! nature ( ?+s1 le>ns to note & to ab/ract ! =m t s /rik+ly def9es !m4 ,once ab/ract$ & focuss$ 9 ! m9d1 ^! =ms1 l all =ms1 reveal _! dialectic2 b t ?+s con=m to t dialectic 7:5 !y d7 is n wond]ful1 see+ t x is ! obvi\s =m ( ?+s t ! m9d has s+l$ out1 n )\t practical %rewdness1 = m int5sive /udy4 ,sid5ote3 ,=ms are ab/ract$ f exi/5ce by int5t4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ideal & mat]ial k does n lie 9 ! ung5]at$ oracul> "* ( "o ( !m 9 opposition to ! o!r2 9 bo? ! data are inexplicable & irrational1 & 9 bo? inve/igation is t5tative1 obs]vant1 & subject to control by ! subject-matt]4 ,! diff]5ce lies1 r1 9 ! direction ( speculation4 ,9 physics1 :i* is at bottom hi/orical1 we /udy :at happ5s2 we make inv5tories & records ( ev5ts1 ( ph5om5a1 ( juxtapositions4 ,9 dialectic1 :i* is :olly int5sive1 we /udy :at is2 we /rive to cl>ify & develop ! ess5ce ( :at we f9d1 br++ into focus ! inn] h>monies & implications ( =ms--=ms :i* our att5tion or purpose has def9$ initially4 ,! intuitions f :i* ma!matical d$uction />ts are highly g5]ic notions drawn f obs]vation4 ,! l9es & angles ( geomet]s are ideals1 & _! ideal context is entirely indep5d5t ( :at may be _! context 9 ! _w2 b !y are f\nd 9 ! _w1 & _! ideals are sugge/$ by v common s5sations4 ,_h !y be5 inv5t$1 by "s inexplicable p>!nog5esis 9 ?\ght1 x w\ld inde$ h be5 a m>vel _h !y f\nd application4 ,philosophy has en\gh notions ( ?is inapplicable sort--usually1 h[ev]1 n v recondite 9 _! orig9--to %[ t dialectic1 :5 x seems to control exi/5ce1 mu/ h tak5 m ?an "o h9t f ! subject _w1 & t 9 ! realm ( logic1 too1 no?+ submits to be gov]n$ )\t repres5tation4 ,sid5ote3 ,confusion comes ( imp]fect ab/raction1 or ambigu\s int5t4 ,:5 dialectic is employ$1 z 9 e?ics & metaphysics1 ^u highly complex ideas--concretions 9 disc\rse :i* cov] l>ge blocks ( exi/5ce--! dialectician 9 def9+ & 9 d$uc+ (t5 rea*es notions :i* cease to apply 9 "s important respect to ! object orig9ally int5d$4 ,?us ,socrates1 tak+ 8c\rage0 = 8 !me1 treats x dialectically & expresses ! int5t ( ! ^w by say+ t c\rage mu/ be good1 & !n develops ! mean+ ( good1 %[+ t x means ! *oice #ja ! great] b5efit2 & f9ally turns ab\t & ends by say+ t c\rage is consequ5tly ! *oice ( ! great] b5efit & id5tical ) wisdom4 ,"h we h a process ( ?\ght end+ 9 a p>adox :i*1 frankly1 misrepres5ts ! orig9al mean+4 ,= 8c\rage0 meant n m]ely some?+ desirable b some?+ hav+ a c]ta9 animal & psy*ological aspect4 ,! emotion & ge/ure ( x _h n be5 exclud$ f ! idea4 ,s t :ile ! argum5t proves to p]fection t unwise c\rage is a bad ?+1 x does n end ) an affirmation really true ( ! orig9al concept4 ,! in/9ct :i* we call c\rage1 ) an eye to its psy*ic & bodily quality1 is n always virtu\s or wise4 ,dialectic1 :5 x />ts ) confus$ & deep-dy$ feel+s1 l ^? :i* e?ical & metaphysical t]ms g5]ally /& =1 is ?us 9 great dang] ( prov+ unsatisfactory & be+ or seem+ sophi/ical4 ,! ma!matical dialectician has no su* s]i\s dang]s to face4 ,:51 hav+ obs]v$ ! sun & sundry o!r objects1 he frames ! idea ( a circle & trac+ out its int5t %[s t ! circle meant _c be squ>$1 !re is no difficulty 9 rev]t+ to nature & say+ t ! sun's circle _c be squ>$4 ,= !re is no diff]5ce 9 int5t betwe5 ! circul>ity not$ 9 ! sun & t :i* is ! subject ( ! demon/ration4 ,! geomet] has made 9 8 fir/ reflection s cle> & viol5t an ab/raction f ! sun's actual bulk & qualities t he w nev] imag9e himself to be speak+ ( any?+ b a concretion 9 disc\rse4 ,! concretion 9 nature is nev] legislat$ ab\t nor s mu* z ?\ght ( except possibly :51 "u w>rant ( s5se1 x is *os5 to illu/rate ! concept inve/igat$ dialectically4 ,x does n ev5 occur to a man to ask if ! sun's circle c be squ>$1 = e "o und]/&s t ! sun is circul> only 9 s f> z x con=ms to ! circle's ideal nature2 :i* is z if ,socrates & 8 int]locutors _h cle>ly und]/ood t ! virtue ( c\rage 9 an intemp]ate villa9 meant only :atev] 9 8 mood or action 0 rational & truly desirable1 & _h !n said t c\rage1 s und]/ood1 0 id5tical ) wisdom or ) ! truly rational & desirable rule ( life4 ,sid5ote3 ,! fact t ma!matics applies to exi/5ce is empirical4 ,! applicability ( ma!matics is n v\*$ = by ma!matics b by s5se1 & its application 9 "s di/ant "p ( nature is n v\*$ = by ma!matics b by inductive argum5ts ab\t nature's uni=mity1 or by ! "* :i* ! notion1 8a di/ant "p ( nature10 already possesses4 ,inapplicable ma!matics1 we are told1 is p]fectly ?9kable1 & sy/ematic d$uctions1 9 !mselves valid1 may be made f concepts :i* contrav5e ! facts ( p]ception4 ,we may suspect1 p]haps1 t ev5 ^! concepts are fram$ by analogy out ( sugge/ions f\nd 9 s5se1 s t "s symbolic relevance or proportion is kept1 ev5 9 ^! dislocat$ speculations1 to ! matt] ( exp]i5ce4 ,x is l a new my?ology2 ! purely fictiti\s idea has a c]ta9 p>allelism & aff9ity to nature & moves 9 a human & famili> way4 ,bo? data & me?od are drawn f applicable sci5ce1 elem5ts ( :i* ev5 my?1 :e!r poetic or ma!matical1 may illu/rate by a sort ( v>iant or fanta/ic r$uplication4 ,! great glory ( ma!matics1 l t ( virtue1 is to be useful :ile rema9+ free4 ,numb] & measure furni% an inexhau/ible subject-matt] :i* ! m9d c dom9ate & develop dialectically z x is ! m9d's inh]5t (fice to develop ideas4 ,at ! same "t numb] & measure are ! gramm> ( s5se2 & ! m ?is inn] logic is cultivat$ & ref9$ ! great] subtlety & sweep c be giv5 to human p]ception4 ,a/ronomy on ! "o h& & me*anical arts on ! o!r are fruits ( ma!matics by :i* its wor? is made kn[n ev5 to ! layman1 al?\gh ! born ma!matician w\ld n ne$ ! sanction ( su* an extrane\s utility to atta* him to a subject t has an inh]5t cog5cy & *>m4 ,ideas1 l o!r ?+s1 h pleasure 9 propagation1 & ev5 :5 all[ance is made = bir?-pangs & an occasional misc>riage1 _! native f]tility w always cont9ue to ass]t itself4 ,! m ideal & frictionless ! movem5t ( ?\ght is1 ! m p]fect mu/ be ! physiological eng9e t su/a9s x4 ,! mom5tum ( t sil5t & seclud$ gr[? c>ries ! m9d1 ) a s5se ( pure disembodi$ vision1 ?r\gh ! logical labyr9?2 b ! mom5tum is vital1 = ! tru? itself does n move4 ,sid5ote3 ,its moral value is !re=e cont+5t4 ,:e!r ! airy phantoms ?us br\ght into be+ are valu$ & pres]v$ by ! _w is an ult]ior po9t ( policy :i* ! pregnant ma!matician does n ne$ to consid] 9 br++ to light ! legitimate burd5 ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,b 7 ma!matics incapable ( application1 did nature & exp]i5ce1 = in/ance1 illu/rate no?+ b ,p>m5ides' ,be+ or ,hegel's ,logic1 ! dialectical cog5cy :i* ma!matics w\ld ( c\rse reta9 w\ld n give ?is sci5ce a v high place 9 ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,ma!matics w\ld be an amusem5t1 & ?\gh app>5tly innoc5t1 l a game ( pati5ce1 x might ev5 turn out to be a wa/eful & fooli% ex]cise = ! m9d2 because to deep5 habits & cultivate pleasures irrelevant to o!r int]e/s is a way ( ali5at+ ourselves f our g5]al happ9ess4 ,di/9ction & a curi\s *>m !re may well be 9 su* a pursuit1 b ?is quality is p]haps traceable to aff9ities & associations ) o!r m sub/antial int]e/s1 or is due to ! +5i\s temp] x d5otes1 :i* t\*es t ( ! wit or magician4 ,ma!matics1 if x 7 no?+ m ?an a pleasure1 might conceivably become a vice4 ,^? addict$ to x might be indulg+ an atavi/ic ta/e at ! exp5se ( _! humanity4 ,x w\ld !n be 9 ! position n[ occupi$ by my?ology & my/icism4 ,ev5 z x is1 ma!maticians %>e ) musicians a c]ta9 p>tiality 9 _! *>act]s & m5tal developm5t4 ,ma/]s 9 "o ab/ract subject1 !y may rema9 *ildr5 9 ! _w2 exquisite manipulators ( ! ideal1 !y may be erratic & clumsy 9 _! e>?ly ways4 ,imm5se z are ! uses & wide ! applications ( ma!matics1 its texture is too ?9 & inhuman to employ ! :ole m9d or r5d] x h>moni\s4 ,x is a sci5ce :i* ,socrates reject$ = its suppos$ want ( utility2 b p]haps he _h ano!r gr\nd 9 res]ve to ju/ify 8 humor\s prejudice4 ,he may h felt t su* a sci5ce1 if admitt$1 w\ld endang] 8 !sis ab\t ! id5tity ( virtue & k4 ,sid5ote3 ,quantity submits easily to dialectical treatm5t4 ,ma!matical me?od has be5 ! envy ( philosoph]s1 p]plex$ & encumb]$ z !y are ) ! :ole my/]y ( exi/5ce1 & !y h attempt$ at times to emulate ma!matical cog5cy4 ,n[ ! lucidity & c]ta9ty f\nd 9 ma!matics are n inh]5t 9 its specific "* z ! sci5ce ( numb] or dim5sion2 !y belong to dialectic z a :ole :i* is ess5tially elucidation4 ,! ef=t to expla9 mean+s is 9 mo/ cases abortive because ^! mean+s melt 9 our h&s--a defeat :i* ,hegel w\ld fa9 h consecrat$1 toge!r ) all o!r evils1 into necessity & law4 ,b ! m]it ( ma!matics is t x is s mu* less ,hegelian ?an life2 t x holds its own :ile x advances1 & nev] all[s itself to misrepres5t its orig9al int5t4 ,9 all x f9ds to say ab\t ! triangle x nev] comes to ma9ta9 t ! triangle is really a squ>e4 ,! privilege ( ma!matics is simply to h (f]$ ! m9d1 = dialectical treatm5t1 a mat]ial to :i* dialectical treatm5t c\ld be hone/ly appli$4 ,?is mat]ial consi/s 9 c]ta9 g5]al aspects ( s5sation--its ext5sity1 its pulsation1 its di/ribution into relat$ p>ts4 ,! wakefulness t orig9ally makes ^! ab/ractions is able to keep !m cle>1 & to elaborate !m inf9itely )\t contradict+ _! ess5ce4 ,= ?is reason x is always a false /ep 9 ma!matical sci5ce1 a /ep ov] its br9k into ! abyss beyond1 :5 we try to r$uce its elem5ts to any?+ n ess5tially s5sible4 ,intuition mu/ cont9ue to furni% ! subject ( disc\rse1 ! axioms1 & ! ultimate crit]ia & sanctions4 ,calculation & transmutation c nev] make _! own c\nt]s or ! m$ium 9 :i* !y move4 ,s t space1 numb]1 cont9uity1 & e o!r elem5t>y intuition rema9s at bottom opaque--opaque1 t is1 to ma!matical sci5ce2 = x is no p>adox1 b an obvi\s necessity1 t ! data ( a logical op]ation %\ld n be producible by its work+s4 ,reason w\ld h no?+ to d if x _h no irrational mat]ials4 ,sa9t ,augu/9e's rhetoric accord+ly cov]$--z s (t5 ) him--a pr(\nd tru? :5 he said ( "t t he knew :at x 0 :5 no "o ask$ him1 b if any "o ask$ him he did n "k2 :i* may be re/at$ by say+ t "t is an intuition1 an aspect ( crude exp]i5ce1 :i* sci5ce may "w ) b :i* x c nev] arrive at4 ,sid5ote3 ,con/ancy & progress 9 int5t4 ,:5 a concretion is =m$ 9 disc\rse & an int5t is atta9$ 9 consci\sness1 pr$icates accrue to ! subject 9 a way :i* is p]fectly empirical4 ,dialectic is n retrospective2 x does n consi/ 9 recov]+ gr\nd previ\sly survey$4 ,! accretion ( new pr$icates comes 9 answ] to *ance que/ions1 que/ions rais$1 to be sure1 ab\t a giv5 !me4 ,! subject is fix$ by ! m9d's int5t & x suffices to comp>e any t5tative ass]tion made ab\t x ) t int5t itself to see :e!r ! expression sugge/$ = x is truly dialectical & ?or\ghly hone/4 ,dialectic v]ifies by reconsid]ation1 by equation ( t5tative results ) fix$ int5tions4 ,x does n v]ify1 l ! sci5ces ( exi/5ce1 by comp>+ a hypo!sis ) a new p]ception4 ,9 dialectic no new p]ception is want$2 ! goal is to und]/& ! old fact1 to give x an aureole & n a prog5y4 ,x is a transub/antiation ( matt]1 a passage f exi/5ce to et]nity4 ,9 ?is s5se dialectic is 8syn!tic a priori02 x analyses an int5t :i* dem&$ fur!r elucidation & _h fix$ ! direction & pr9ciple ( its expansion4 ,if ?is int5t is ab&on$ & a new subject is introduc$ surreptiti\sly1 a fallacy is committ$2 yet ! correct elucidation ( ideas is a true progress1 nor c\ld !re be any progress unless ! orig9al idea 7 bett] express$ & elicit$ z we proce$$2 s t con/ancy 9 int5t & advance 9 explication are ! two requisites ( a cog5t d$uction4 ,! "q 9 dialectic is always :at is true1 :at c be said1 ab\t ?is2 & ! demon/rative pron\n1 indicat+ an act ( selective att5tion1 raises ! object x selects to a concretion 9 disc\rse1 ! relations ( :i* 9 ! univ]se ( disc\rse x !n proce$s to =mulate4 ,at ! same "t ?is dialectical inve/igation may be full ( surprises4 ,k may be s truly enri*$ by x t k1 9 an ideal s5se1 only beg9s :5 dialectic has giv5 "s articulation to be+4 ,)\t dialectic an animal might foll[ in/9ct1 he might h vivid emotions1 expectations1 & dreams1 b he c\ld h>dly be said to "k any?+ or to guide 8 life ) consci\s int5t4 ,! accretions t might come empirically into any field ( vision w\ld n be new pr$icates to be add$ to a kn[n ?+1 unless ! logical & functional mantle ( t ?+ fell ^u !m & cov]$ !m4 ,:ile ! "r ( p>ticul>s to exi/5ce is _! own1 grant$ !m by ! free grace ( heav51 _! ability to enl>ge our k on any p>ticul> subject--_! relevance or incid5ce 9 disc\rse--hangs on _! fulfill+ ! requirem5ts :i* t subject's dialectical nature imposes on all its expressions4 ,sid5ote3 ,int5t det]m9es ! functional ess5ce ( objects4 ,x is on ?is gr\nd1 = in/ance1 t ! image ( a loaf ( bread is s f> f be+ ! loaf ( bread itself4 ,ext]nal resemblance is no?+2 ev5 psy*ological d]ivation or sup]position is no?+2 ! int5t1 r1 :i* picks out :at t object's function & mean+ %all be1 alone def9es its idea2 & ?is function involves a locus & a /atus :i* ! image does n possess4 ,su* admirable iridesc5ce z ! image might occasionally put on--9 ! f9e arts1 = in/ance--w\ld n con/itute any iridesc5ce or trans=mation 9 ! ?+2 nor w\ld id5tity ( aspect pres]ve ! ?+ if its s\l1 if its utility1 _h disappe>$4 ,h]e9 lies ! gr\nd = ! ess5tial or functional di/9ction betwe5 prim>y & second>y qualities 9 ?+s1 a di/9ction :i* a psy*ological scepticism has s ha/ily decl>$ to be unt5able4 ,if x 0 discov]$1 said ^! logicians1 t space 0 p]ceiv$ ?r\gh read+ muscul> s5sations1 space1 & ! muscles too1 7 !reby prov$ to be unreal4 ,?is rem>kable sophism pass$ mu/] 9 ! philosophical _w = want ( att5tion to dialectic1 :i* might s easily h %[n t :at a ?+ means is spatial di/9ction & me*anical efficacy1 & t ! orig9 ( our p]ceptions1 :i* are all equally bodily & dep5d5t on mat]ial /imulation1 has no?+ to d ) _! respective claims to hypo/asis4 ,x is int5t t makes objects objects2 & ! same int5t1 def9+ ! function ( ?+s1 def9es ! scope ( ^? qualities :i* are ess5tial to !m4 ,9 ! flux sub/ances & %ad[s drift d[n toge!r2 x is reason t disc]ns ! diff]5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,also ! scope ( ideals4 ,purposes ne$ dialectical articulation z mu* z ess5ces d1 & )\t an articulate & fix$ purpose1 )\t an ideal1 action w\ld collapse into m]e motion or consci\s *ange4 ,x is notably 9 ?is region t elucidation con/itutes progress2 = to und]/& ! prop]ties ( numb] may be less important ?an empirically to c\nt2 b to see & feel ! values ( ?+s 9 all _! di/9ction & fulness is ! ultimate fruit ( effici5cy2 x is ma/]y 9 t art ( life = :i* all ! re/ is appr5tice%ip4 ,dialectic ( ?is sort is practis$ intuitively by spiritual m9ds2 & ev5 :5 x has to be c>ri$ on argum5tatively x may prove v enlight5+4 ,t ! excell5ce ( c\rage is id5tical ) t ( wisdom /ill ne$s to be driv5 home2 & t ! excell5ce ( poetry is id5tical ) t ( all o!r ?+s probably s\nds l a bl9d p>adox4 ,yet did n all excell5ces conspire to "o end & meet 9 "o ,life ( ,reason1 h[ c\ld _! relative value be e/imat$1 or any reflective sanction be f\nd = !m at all8 ,! miscellane\s1 capti\s fancies ( ! w1 ! m5ag]ie ( moral prejudices1 /ill call = _m a ,socrates to tame !m4 ,s long z c\rage means a grimace ( m9d or body1 ! love ( x is ano!r grimace4 ,b if x meant ! value1 recognisable by reason & diffus$ ?r\gh all life1 :i* t casual attitude or feel+ might h1 !n we %\ld be laun*$ ^u ! que/ = wisdom4 ,! want ( integration 9 moral views is l :at want ( integration w\ld be 9 ari?metic if we decl>$ t x 0 ! "p ( a man & a ,*ri/ian to ma9ta9 t my two equals f\r or t a gre5 fifte5 is a hundr$4 ,^! propositions might h incid5tal lights & %ades 9 p's lives to make !m plausible & preci\s2 b !y c\ld n be ma9ta9$ by "o :o _h cl>ifi$ 8 int5t 9 nam+ & add+4 ,= !n ! ari?metical relations w\ld be ab/ract$1 & _! incid5tal associates w\ld drop out ( ! acc\nt4 ,s a man :o is 9 pursuit ( ?+s = ! good t is 9 !m mu/ recognise & 7if reason avails7 mu/ pursue :at is good 9 !m all4 ,/range cu/oms & unhe>d-( ?\ghts may !n f9d _! appropriate w>rant2 j z 9 high] ma!matical calculations v wond]ful & un=ese5 results may be arriv$ at1 :i* a man w n accept )\t c>eful reconsid]ation ( ! t]ms & problem be=e him2 b if he f9ds ! unexpect$ conclusion fl[+ f ^? premises1 he w h enl>g$ 8 k ( 8 art & discov]$ a cong5ial good4 ,he w h made progress 9 ! ,socratic sci5ce ( kn[+ 8 own int5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,d\ble /atus ( ma!matics4 ,ma!matics1 = all its applications 9 nature1 is a "p ( ideal philosophy4 ,x is logic appli$ to c]ta9 simple intuitions4 ,^! intuitions & _m ( _! developm5ts happ5 to appe> 9 t efficaci\s & self-su/a9+ moiety ( be+ :i* we call mat]ial2 s t ma!matics is p] accid5s ! dialectical /udy ( nature's efficaci\s =m4 ,its use & application 9 ! _w r hide its dialectical pr9ciple4 ,ma!matics owes its public success to ! happy *oice ( a simple & widely diffus$ subject-matt]2 x owes its inn] cog5cy1 h[ev]1 to its ideality & ! m]ely adv5titi\s application x has to exi/5ce4 ,ma!matics has come to seem ! type ( good logic because x is an illu/ration ( logic 9 a sph]e s highly ab/ract 9 idea & s p]vasive 9 s5se z to be at once manageable & useful4 ,! delights & triumphs ( ma!matics ought1 !re=e1 to be a great enc\ragem5t to ideal philosophy4 ,if 9 a comp>atively un9t]e/+ field att5tion c f9d s _m treasures ( h>mony & ord]1 :at beauties might x n discov] 9 int]pret+ fai?fully ideas nobl] ?an ext5sion & numb]1 concretions clos] to man's spiritual life8 ,b un=tunately ! logic ( values is subject to volunt>y & involunt>y confusions ( s disc\rag+ a nature t ! flight ( dialectic 9 t direction has nev] be5 long &1 ev5 :5 %ort1 (t5 disa/r\s4 ,:at is ne$$1 z ! example ( ma!matics %[s1 is a /eadfa/ int5t & an adv5tur\s inquiry4 ,x w\ld n occur to a geomet] to ask ) trepidation :at diff]5ce x w\ld make to ! ,py?agorean proposition if ! hypo!nuse 7 said to be wise & good4 ,yet metaphysicians1 conf\nd+ dialectic ) physics & !reby corrupt+ bo?1 w discuss = ev] ! diff]5ce x makes to sub/ance :e!r y call x matt] or ,god4 ,nev]!less1 no decorative epi!ts c give sub/ance any o!r attributes ?an ^? :i* x has2 t is1 o!r ?an ! actual appe>ances t sub/ance is ne$$ to support4 ,simil>ly1 nei!r ma!maticians nor a/ronom]s are ex]cis$ by ! "q :e!r ,greek3 pi creat$ ! r+ ( ,saturn2 yet naturali/s & logicians h n reject$ ! analog\s problem :e!r ! good did or did n create ! animals4 ,sid5ote3 ,practical rle ( dialectic4 ,s long z 9 us+ t]ms !re is no fix$ int5t1 no concretion 9 disc\rse ) disc]nible pr$icates1 controv]sy w rage z conceptions wav] & w rea* no valid result4 ,b :5 ! =ce ( intellect1 once hav+ arre/$ an idea amid ! flux ( p]ceptions1 avails to hold & exam9e t idea ) p]sev]ance1 n only does a fla% ( light imm$iately cross ! m9d1 b deep] & deep] vi/as are op5$ !re into ideal tru?4 ,! pr9ciple ( dialectic is intellig5ce itself2 & z no "p ( man's economy is m vital ?an intellig5ce 7s9ce intellig5ce is :at makes life aw>e ( its de/9y71 s no "p has a m delightful or exhil>at+ movem5t4 ,to und]/& is pre-em95tly to live1 mov+ n by /imulation & ext]nal compulsion1 b by inn] direction & control4 ,dialectic is relat$ to obs]vation z art is to indu/ry2 x uses :at ! o!r furni%es2 x is ! fruition ( exp]i5ce4 ,x is n an alt]native to empirical pursuits b _! p]fection2 = dialectic1 l art1 has no special or private subject-matt]1 nor any obligation to be useless4 ,its subject-matt] is all ?+s1 & its function is to comp>e !m 9 =m & wor?1 giv+ ! m9d speculative dom9ion ov] !m4 ,x pr(its by ! flux to fix its signification4 ,?is is precisely :at ma!matics does = ! ab/ract =m & multitude ( s5sible ?+s2 x is :at dialectic might d ev]y:]e1 ) ! same incid5tal utility1 if x c\ld settle its own attitude & le>n to make ! passions /eadfa/ & calm 9 ! consci\sness ( _! ultimate objects4 ,sid5ote3 ,hegel's satire on dialectic4 ,! nature ( dialectic might be curi\sly illu/rat$ by ref]5ce to ,hegel's ,logic2 & ?\gh to approa* ! subject f ,hegel's satirical angle is n1 p]haps1 q hone/ or fair1 ! me?od has a c]ta9 spice4 ,hegel1 :o despis$ ma!matics1 saw t 9 o!r dep>tm5ts ! in/ability ( m5's mean+s defeat$ _! desire to und]/& !mselves4 ,?is insecurity 9 int5t he f\nd to be closely connect$ ) *ange ( situation1 ) ! natural mutability ( ev5ts & op9ions 9 ! _w4 ,in/ead ( %[+1 h[ev]1 :at inroads passion1 oblivion1 sophi/ry1 & frivolity may make into dialectic1 he be?\ght himself to repres5t all ^! incoh]5ces1 :i* are inde$ significant ( natural *anges1 z ! m>* ( dialectic itself1 ?us id5tifi$ ) ! process ( evolution & ) natural law4 ,! romance ( an un/able & grop+ !ology1 full ( w>m int5tions & impossible ideas1 he took to be typical ( all exp]i5ce & ( all sci5ce4 ,9 t impressionable age any effect ( *i>o-oscuro caught 9 ! moonlight ( hi/ory c\ld f9d a philosoph] to exalt x into ! d>kly lum9\s secret ( ! _w4 ,hegel accord+ly decre$ t m5's habit ( self-contradiction con/itut$ _! provid5tial function1 bo? 9 ?\ght & 9 morals2 & he devot$ 8 ,logic to %[+ h[ e idea !y embrac$ 7= he nev] treat$ an idea o!rwise ?an z a cre$71 :5 press$ a little1 turn$ into its opposite4 ,?is opposite aft] a :ile w\ld fall back into some?+ l ! orig9al illusion2 :]eupon a new *ange ( insight w\ld occur & a new ?\ght w\ld be accept$ until1 ! l&scape *ang+1 att5tion w\ld be attract$ to a fre% aspect ( ! matt] & conviction w\ld w&] into a new labyr9? ( false /eps & half-mean+s4 ,! sum total ( ^! w&]+s1 :5 view$ f above1 =m$ an int]e/+ picture4 ,a half-my/ical1 half-cynical reflection might take a c]ta9 pleasure 9 contemplat+ x2 especially if1 9 memory ( ,calv9 & ! ,/oics1 ?is situation 7 call$ ! expression ( ,absolute ,reason & ,div9e ,w4 ,we may ?9k = a mom5t t we h grasp$ ! elusive secret ( ?is philosophy & t x is simply a ,calv9ism )\t ,*ri/ianity1 9 :i* ,god's glory consi/s 9 ! damnation ( q all 8 creatures4 ,pres5tly1 h[ev]1 ! sc5e *anges aga91 & we recognise t ,creator & creation1 ideal & process1 are id5tical1 s t ! glory belongs to ! v multitude t suff]s4 ,b f9ally1 z we rub our eyes1 ! :ole revelation collapses into a platitude1 & we discov] t ?is glory & ?is damnation 7 no?+ b unctu\s phrases = ! vulg> flux ( exi/5ce4 ,t no?+ is :at we mean by x is p]fectly true :5 we 9 no case "k :at we mean4 ,?us a man :o is a my/ic by nature may v well become "o by reflection also4 ,n kn[+ :at he wants nor :at he is1 he may believe t e %ift c>ries him ne>] to p]fection4 ,a temp]am5tal & quasi-religi\s ?ir/ = inconclusiv5ess & room to move on l5t a c]ta9 triumphant note to ,hegel's satire2 he 0 sure x all culm9at$ 9 some?+1 & 0 n sure x did n culm9ate 9 himself4 ,! sy/em1 h[ev]1 z x might /rike a less egoti/ical read]1 is a long demon/ration ( man's ineptitude & ( nature's contemptu\s m>* ov] a pa? pav$ ) good int5tions4 ,x is an idealism )\t respect = ideals2 a sy/em ( dialectic 9 :i* a psy*ological flux 7n1 ( c\rse1 psy*ological sci5ce1 :i* w\ld involve t]ms dialectically fix$ & det]m9ate7 is made sy/ematically to oblit]ate int5d$ mean+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,dialectic expresses a giv5 int5t4 ,?is spirit$ trave/y ( logic has en\gh hi/orical tru? 9 x to %[ t dialectic mu/ always /&1 s to speak1 on its apex2 = life is *angeful1 & ! vision & int]e/ ( "o mom5t are n und]/ood 9 ! next4 ,!ological dialectic r+s holl[ :5 once fai? is dead2 gramm> looks artificial :5 a language is =eign2 ma!matics itself seems %all[ :51 l ,hegel1 we h no love = nature's intelligible me*anism nor = ! cle> /ructure & con/ancy ( et]nal ?+s4 ,ideal philosophy is a fl[] ( ! _s & v>ies ) ! soil4 ,if ma!matics suff]s s little contradiction1 x is only because ! prim>y aspects ( s5sation :i* x elaborates c\ld n lapse f ! _w )\t an utt] break 9 its cont9uity4 ,o!rwise ?\gh ma!matics might n be refut$ x might well be despis$1 l an obsolete ontology4 ,its boa/$ necessity & univ]sality w\ld n help x at all if exp]i5ce %\ld *ange s mu* z to pres5t no fur!r ma!matical aspect4 ,^? :o expect to pass at dea? into a non-spatial & sup]-temporal _w1 :]e !re w be no dete/able ext5d$ & un?9k+ sub/ances1 & no?+ t ne$ be c\nt$1 w f9d _! h>d-le>n$ ma!matics sadly sup]flu\s !re4 ,! memory ( e>?ly geometry & ari?metic w gr[ pale amid t float+ inc5se & music1 :]e dialectic1 if x survives at all1 w h to busy itself on new intuitions4 ,s1 too1 :5 ! l&scape *anges 9 ! moral _w1 :5 new passions or arts make _! appe>ance1 moral philosophy mu/ />t afre% on a new f\ndation & try to express ! ideals involv$ 9 ! new pursuits4 ,to ?is ext5t exp]i5ce l5ds col\r to ,hegel's dialectical physics2 b he betray$1 l ! s9c]e pan!i/ he 01 ! f9ite int]e/s t give actual values to ! _w1 & he wi%$ to be/[ in/ead a gr\ndless adoration on ! law t connect$ & defeat$ e ideal4 ,su* a g5ius1 9 spite ( incisive wit & a c]ta9 hi/rionic sympa?y ) all exp]i5ce1 c\ld n be truly free2 x c\ld n ?r[ (f its pr(essional prie/craft1 its habit ( c]emoni\s fraud on ! surface1 nor1 at he>t1 its inhuman religion4 ,sid5ote3 ,its empire is ideal & autonom\s4 ,! s9c]e dialectician1 ! g5u9e morali/1 mu/ /& ^u human1 ,socratic gr\nd4 ,?\gh art be long1 x mu/ take a %ort life = its basis & an actual int]e/ = its guide4 ,! lib]al dialectician has ! gift ( conv]sation2 he does n pret5d to legislate f ! ?rone ( ,jehovah ab\t ! c\rse ( affairs1 b asks ! +5u\s he>t to speak = itself1 guid+ & *eck+ x only 9 its own int]e/4 ,! result is to express a giv5 nature & to cultivate x2 s t :5ev] any "o possess+ su* a nature is born into ! _w he may use ?is calculation1 & m easily und]/& & ju/ify 8 m9d4 ,( c\rse1 if exp]i5ce 7 no long] ! same1 & faculties _h entirely v>i$1 ! =m] int]pretation c\ld no long] s]ve4 ,:]e nature %[s a new pr9ciple ( gr[? ! m9d mu/ f9d a new me?od ( expression1 & move t[>d o!r goals4 ,ideals are n =ces /eal?ily und]m9+ ! w2 !y are possible =ms ( be+ t w\ld frankly express x4 ,^! =ms are invuln]able1 et]nal1 & free2 & he :o f9ds !m div9e & cong5ial & is able to embody !m at lea/ 9 "p & = a season1 has to t ext5t transfigur$ life1 turn+ x f a fatal process into a lib]al art4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,pr]ational ,,morality ,sid5ote3 ,empirical alloy 9 dialectic4 ,:5 a polyglot p]son is speak+1 =eign words sometimes occur to him1 :i* he at once translates into ! language he happ5s to be us+4 ,some:at 9 ! same way1 :5 dialectic develops an idea1 sugge/ions = ?is developm5t may come f ! empirical field2 yet ^! sugge/ions soon %$ _! ext]nality & _! place is tak5 by "s g5u9e developm5t ( ! orig9al notion4 ,9 con/ruct+1 = in/ance1 ! ess5ce ( a circle1 ,i may h />t$ f a hoop4 ,i may h obs]v$ t z ! hoop me&]s d[n ! pa? ! r\ndness ( x disappe>s to ! eye1 be+ gradually flatt5$ into a /raight l9e1 su* z ! hoop pres5ts :5 x is roll+ directly away f me4 ,i may n[ frame ! idea ( a ma!matical circle1 9 :i* all diamet]s are precisely equal1 9 express contra/ to ! s]ies ( ellipses1 ) v unequal diamet]s1 :i* ! fl\nd]+ hoop has illu/rat$ 9 its c>e]4 ,:5 once1 h[ev]1 ! def9ition ( ! circle is atta9$1 no wat*+ ( hoops is any long] requisite4 ,! ellipse c be g5]at$ ideally out ( ! def9ition1 & w\ld h be5 g5]at$1 l asymptotes & hyp]bolas1 ev5 if nev] illu/rat$ 9 nature at all4 ,lemmas f a =eign tongue h only s]v$ to disclose a great fecundity 9 ! native "o1 & ! legitimate ^w t ! context requir$ has supplant$ ! casual /rang] t may fir/ h u%]$ x into ! m9d4 ,:5 ! idea :i* dialectic is to elaborate is a moral idea1 a purpose t\*+ some?+ 9 ! concrete _w1 lemmas f exp]i5ce (t5 play a v l>ge "p 9 ! process4 ,_! multitude1 ) ! small %ifts 9 aspiration & e/eem :i* !y may sugge/ to ! m9d1 (t5 obscures ! dialectical process altoge!r4 ,9 ?is case ! =eign t]m is nev] translat$ into ! native m$ium2 we nev] make out :at ideal connection our conclusion has ) our premises1 nor 9 :at way ! conduct we f9ally decide ^u is to fulfil ! purpose ) :i* we began4 ,reflection m]ely beats ab\t ! bu%1 & :5 a suffici5t numb] ( prejudices & impulses h be5 driv5 f cov]1 we g home satisfi$ ) our day's rang+1 & feel+ t we h left no duty unconsid]$2 & our la/ bird is our f9al resolution4 ,sid5ote3 ,arre/$ rationality 9 morals4 ,:5 morality is 9 ?is way non-dialectical1 casual1 impulsive1 polyglot1 x is :at we may call pr]ational morality4 ,!re is inde$ reason 9 x1 s9ce e delib]ate precept expresses "s reflection by :i* impulses h be5 comp>$ & modifi$4 ,b su* *ance reflection am\nts to moral p]ception1 n to moral sci5ce4 ,reason has n begun to educate h] *ildr54 ,?is morality is l kn[+ *airs f tables & ?+s ne> f di/ant ?+s1 :i* is h>dly :at we mean by natural sci5ce4 ,on ?is /age1 9 ! moral _w1 are ! judgm5ts ( ,mrs4 ,grundy1 ! aims ( political p>ties & _! maxims1 ! pr9ciples ( w>1 ! appreciation ( art1 ! comm&m5ts ( religi\s au?orities1 special revelations ( duty to individuals1 & all sy/ems ( intuitive e?ics4 ,sid5ote3 ,its emotional & practical p[]4 ,pr]ational morality is vigor\s because x is s9c]e4 ,actual int]e/s1 root$ habits1 appreciations ! opposite ( :i* is inconceivable & contr>y to ! curr5t use ( language1 are embodi$ 9 special precepts2 or !y fl>e up ( !mselves 9 impassion$ judgm5ts4 ,x is h>dly too mu* to say1 inde$1 t pr]ational morality is morality prop]4 ,rational e?ics1 9 comp>ison1 seems a k9d ( politics or wisdom1 :ile po/-rational sy/ems are ess5tially religions4 ,if we ?us id5tify morality ) pr]ational /&>ds1 we may agree also t morality is no sci5ce 9 itself1 ?\gh x may become1 ) o!r matt]s1 a subject = ! sci5ce ( an?ropology2 & ,hume1 :o _h nev] come to close qu>t]s ) any rational or po/-rational ideal1 c\ld say ) p]fect tru? t morality 0 n f\nd$ on reason4 ,in/9ct is ( c\rse n f\nd$ on reason1 b vice v]sa2 & ! maxims en=c$ by tradition or consci5ce are unmi/akably f\nd$ on in/9ct4 ,!y might1 x is true1 become mat]ials = reason1 if !y 7 intellig5tly accept$1 comp>$1 & controll$2 b su* a possibility rev]ses ! p>tisan & spasmodic me?ods :i* ,hume & mo/ o!r pr(ess$ morali/s associate ) e?ics4 ,hume's own treatises on morals1 x ne$ h>dly be said1 are pure psy*ology4 ,x w\ld h seem$ to him conceit$1 p]haps1 to inquire :at ought really to be done4 ,he limit$ himself to ask+ :at m5 t5d$ to ?9k ab\t _! do+s4 ,! *ief expression ( rational e?ics :i* a man 9 ,hume's _w w\ld h come ^u lay 9 ! ,platonic & ,ari/otelian writ+s2 b ^! 7 n !n p>ticul>ly /udi$ nor vitally und]/ood4 ,! *ief illu/ration ( po/-rational morality t c\ld h fall5 "u 8 eyes1 ! ,ca?olic religion1 he w\ld nev] h ?\ght ( z a philosophy ( life1 b m]ely z a comb9ation ( sup]/ition & policy1 well adapt$ to ! ly+ & lascivi\s habits ( ,m$it]ranean peoples4 ,"u su* circum/ances e?ics c\ld n be ?\ght ( z a sci5ce2 & :atev] gradual def9ition ( ! ideal1 :atev] prescription ( :at ought to be & to be done1 f\nd a place 9 ! ?\ghts ( su* philosoph]s =m$ a "p ( _! politics or religion & n ( _! reason$ k4 ,sid5ote3 ,moral sci5ce is an application ( dialectic1 n a "p ( an?ropology4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a dialectic ( ! w2 & t is ! sci5ce :i*1 = want ( a bett] "n1 we mu/ call e?ics or moral philosophy4 ,! int]weav+ ( ?is logic ( practice ) v>i\s natural sci5ces t h man or society = _! !me1 leads to mu* confusion 9 t]m9ology & 9 po9t ( view4 ,is ! good1 we may ask1 :at anybody calls good at any mom5t1 or :at anybody calls good on reflection1 or :at all m5 agree to call good1 or :at ,god calls good1 no matt] :at all mank9d may ?9k ab\t x8 ,or is true good some?+ t p]haps nobody calls good nor kn[s (1 some?+ ) no o!r *>act]i/ic or relation except t x is simply good8 ,v>i\s que/ions are involv$ 9 su* p]plex+ alt]natives2 "s are physical que/ions & o!rs dialectical4 ,:y any "o values any?+ at all1 or any?+ 9 p>ticul>1 is a "q ( physics2 x asks = ! causes ( int]e/1 judgm5t1 & desire4 ,to e/eem a ?+ good is to express c]ta9 aff9ities betwe5 t ?+ & ! speak]2 & if ?is is done ) self-k & ) k ( ! ?+1 s t ! felt aff9ity is a real "o1 ! judgm5t is invuln]able & _c be ask$ to resc9d itself4 ,?us if a man said hemlock 0 good to dr9k1 we might say he 0 mi/ak52 b if he expla9$ t he meant good to dr9k 9 committ+ suicide1 !re w\ld be no?+ p]t95t left to say3 = to adduce t to commit suicide is n good w\ld be imp]t95t4 ,to e/abli% t1 we %\ld h to g back & ask him if he valu$ any?+--life1 p>5ts1 c\ntry1 k1 reputation2 & if he said no1 & 0 s9c]e1 our m\?s w\ld be effectually /opp$--t is1 unless we took to declamation4 ,b we might v well turn to ! by/&]s & expla9 :at sort ( blood & tra9+ ?is man possess$1 & :at _h happ5$ among ! cells & fibres ( 8 bra9 to make him reason aft] t fa%ion4 ,! causes ( morality1 good or bad1 are physical1 see+ t !y are causes4 ,! sci5ce ( e?ics1 h[ev]1 has no?+ to d ) causes1 n 9 t x ne$ d5y or ignore !m b 9 t x is _! fruit & beg9s :]e !y end4 ,inc5se rises f burn+ coals1 b x is itself no conflagration1 & w produce none4 ,:at e?ics asks is n :y a ?+ is call$ good1 b :e!r x is good or n1 :e!r x is "r or n s to e/eem x4 ,goodness1 9 ?is ideal s5se1 is n a matt] ( op9ion1 b ( nature4 ,= int5t is at "w1 life is 9 active op]ation1 & ! "q is :e!r ! ?+ or ! situation responds to t int5t4 ,s if ,i ask1 ,is f\r really twice two8 ! answ] is n t mo/ p say s1 b t1 9 say+ s1 ,i am n misund]/&+ myself4 ,to judge :e!r ?+s are really good1 int5t mu/ be made to speak2 & if ?is int5t may itself be judg$ lat]1 t happ5s by virtue ( o!r int5ts comp>+ ! fir/ ) _! own direction4 ,h5ce good1 :5 once ! moral or dialectical attitude has be5 assum$1 means n :at is call$ good b :at is s2 t is1 :at ought to be call$ good4 ,= int5t1 b5ea? :i* !re is no moral judgm5t1 sets up its own /&>d1 & ideal sci5ce beg9s on t basis1 & _c g back ( x to ask :y ! obvi\s good is good at all4 ,naturally1 !re is a reason1 b n a moral "o2 = x lies 9 ! physical habit & necessity ( ?+s4 ,! reason is simply ! propulsive ess5ce ( animals & ( ! univ]sal flux1 :i* r5d]s =ms possible b un/able1 & ei!r helpful or hurtful to "o ano!r4 ,t nature %\ld h ?is con/itution1 or int5t ?is direction1 is n a good 9 itself4 ,x is e/eem$ good or bad z ! int5t t speaks f9ds 9 t situation a support or an ob/acle to its ideal4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 nature & ! v exi/5ce ( life _c be ?\ght :olly evil1 s9ce no int5t is :olly at w> ) ^! its conditions2 nor c nature & life be s9c]ely reg>d$ z :olly good1 s9ce no moral int5t /ops at ! facts2 nor does ! univ]sal flux1 :i* inf9itely ov]fl[s any actual syn!sis1 altoge!r support any int5t x may g5]ate4 ,sid5ote3 ,e/imation ! s\l ( philosophy4 ,philosoph]s w\ld d a great disc\rtesy to e/imation if !y s\ght to ju/ify x4 ,x is all o!r acts t ne$ ju/ification by ?is "o4 ,! good greets u initially 9 e exp]i5ce & 9 e object4 ,remove f any?+ its %>e ( excell5ce & y h made x utt]ly insignificant1 irrelevant to human disc\rse1 & unwor?y ( ev5 !oretic consid]ation4 ,value is ! pr9ciple ( p]spective 9 sci5ce1 no less ?an ( rightness 9 life4 ,! hi]>*y ( goods1 ! ar*itecture ( values1 is ! subject t conc]ns man mo/4 ,wisdom is ! fir/ philosophy1 bo? 9 "t & 9 au?ority2 & to collect facts or to *op logic w\ld be idle & w\ld add no dignity to ! m9d1 unless t m9d possess$ a cle> humanity & c\ld disc]n :at facts & logic are good = & :at n4 ,! facts w\ld rema9 facts & ! tru?s tru?s2 = ( c\rse values1 accru+ on acc\nt ( animal s\ls & _! affections1 _c possibly create ! univ]se ^? animals inhabit4 ,b bo? facts & tru?s w\ld rema9 trivial1 fit to awak5 no pang1 no int]e/1 & no rapture4 ,! fir/ philosoph]s 7 accord+ly sages4 ,!y 7 /atesm5 & poets :o knew ! _w & ca/ a speculative glance at ! heav5s1 ! bett] to und]/& ! conditions & limits ( human happ9ess4 ,be=e _! day1 too1 wisdom _h spok5 9 prov]bs4 ,x is bett] e adage began3 ,bett] ?is ?an t4 ,images or symbols1 my?ical or homely ev5ts1 ( c\rse furni%$ subjects & provocations = ^! judgm5ts2 b ! residuum ( all obs]vation 0 a settl$ e/imation ( ?+s1 a direction *os5 9 ?\ght & life because x 0 bett]4 ,su* 0 philosophy 9 ! beg9n+ & su* is philosophy /ill4 ,sid5ote3 ,moral discrim9ations are natural & inevitable4 ,to "o br\ght up 9 a sophi/icat$ society1 or 9 p>ticul> "u an e?ical religion morality seems at fir/ an ext]nal comm&1 a *ill+ & arbitr>y set ( requirem5ts & prohibitions :i* ! "y he>t1 if x tru/$ itself1 w\ld n reckon at a p5ny's wor?4 ,yet :ile ?is rebellion is brew+ 9 ! secret conclave ( ! passions1 ! passions !mselves are prescrib+ a code4 ,!y are inv5t+ gallantry & k9dness & hon\r2 !y are discov]+ fri5d%ip & pat]nity4 ,) maturity comes ! recognition t ! au?oris$ precepts ( morality 7 ess5tially n arbitr>y2 t !y express$ ! g5u9e aims & int]e/s ( a practis$ w2 t _! alleg$ ali5 & sup]natural basis 7:i* if real w\ld h depriv$ !m ( all moral au?ority7 0 b a my?ical cov] = _! =gott5 natural spr+s4 ,virtue is !n se5 to be admirable ess5tially1 & n m]ely by conv5tional imputation4 ,if traditional morality has mu* 9 x t is out ( proportion1 mu* t is un9tellig5t & in]t1 nev]!less x repres5ts on ! :ole ! v]dict ( reason4 ,x speaks = a typical human w *a/5$ by a typical human exp]i5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,a *oice ( prov]bs4 ,gnomic wisdom1 h[ev]1 is notori\sly poly*rome1 & prov]bs dep5d = _! tru? entirely on ! occasion !y are appli$ to4 ,almo/ e wise say+ has an opposite "o1 no less wise1 to balance x2 s t a man ri* 9 su* lore1 l ,san*o ,panza1 c always f9d a v5]able maxim to =tify ! view he happ5s to be tak+4 ,9 respect to =esight1 = in/ance1 we are told1 ,make hay :ile ! sun %9es1 ,a /it* 9 "t saves n9e1 ,hone/y is ! be/ policy1 ,murd] w out1 ,woe unto y1 ye hypocrites1 ,wat* & pray1 ,seek salvation ) fe> & trembl+1 & ,respice f9em4 ,b on ! same au?orities exactly we h opposite maxims1 inspir$ by a feel+ t mortal prud5ce is fallible1 t life is %ort] ?an policy1 & t only ! pres5t is real2 = we he>1 ,a bird 9 ! h& is wor? two 9 ! bu%1 ,c>pe diem1 ,ars longa1 vita brevis4 ,be n righte\s ov]mu*1 ,en\gh = ! day is ! evil !re(1 ,behold ! lilies ( ! field1 ,judge n1 t ye be n judg$1 ,m9d y\r own bus9ess1 & ,x takes all sorts ( m5 to make a _w4 ,s :5 "s p>ticul>ly %ock+ ?+ happ5s "o man says1 ,*]*ez la femme1 & ano!r says1 ,great is ,allah4 ,t ^! maxims %\ld be s v>i\s & p>tial is q intelligible :5 we consid] h[ !y spr+ up4 ,e man1 9 moral reflection1 is animat$ by 8 own int5t2 he has some?+ 9 view :i* he prizes1 he kn[s n :y1 & :i* we>s to him ! ess5tial & unque/ionable "* ( a good4 ,) ?is /&>d be=e 8 eyes1 he obs]ves easily--= love & hope are extraord9>ily ke5-sight$--:at 9 action or 9 circum/ances =w>ds 8 purpose & :at ?w>ts x2 & at once ! maxim comes1 v likely 9 ! language ( ! p>ticul> in/ance be=e him4 ,n[ ! int]e/s t speak 9 a man are diff]5t at diff]5t times2 & ! out] facts or measures :i* 9 "o case promote t int]e/ may1 :]e o!r less obvi\s conditions h *ang$1 altoge!r defeat x4 ,h5ce all sorts ( precepts look+ to all sorts ( results4 ,sid5ote3 ,_! v>i\s repres5tative value4 ,prescriptions ( ?is nature diff] enorm\sly 9 value2 = !y diff] enorm\sly 9 scope4 ,by *ance1 or ?r\gh ! ins5sible op]ation ( exp]i5ce lead+ up to "s outbur/ ( g5ius1 intuitive maxims may be s c5tral1 s expressive ( ultimate aims1 s repres5tative1 ,i mean1 ( all aims 9 fusion1 t !y m]ely anticipate :at moral sci5ce w\ld h come to if x _h exi/$4 ,?is happ5s mu* z 9 physics ultimate tru?s may be div9$ by poets long be=e !y are discov]$ by inve/igators2 ! vivida vis animi tak+ ! place ( mu* record$ exp]i5ce1 because mu* unrecord$ exp]i5ce has secretly f$ x4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 is ! c5tral maxim ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :at is usual 9 intuitive codes is a mixture ( "s elem5t>y precepts1 necess>y to any society1 ) o!rs repres5t+ local traditions or anci5t rites3 s ,?\ %alt n kill1 & ,?\ %alt keep holy ! ,sabba? day1 figure side by side 9 ! ,decalogue4 ,:5 ,antigone1 9 h] sublime/ exaltation1 defies human enactm5ts & appeals to laws :i* are n ( to-day nor ye/]day1 no man kn[+ :5ce !y h aris51 %e mixes v>i\s types ( obligation 9 a mo/ in/ructive fa%ion2 = a sup]/iti\s horror at leav+ a body unburi$--some?+ decid$ly ( ye/]day--gives poignancy 9 h] m9d to natural affection = a bro!r--some?+ inde$ univ]sal1 yet hav+ a well-kn[n orig94 ,! passionate ass]tion ( "r is "h1 9 consequ5ce1 m dramatic ?an spiritual2 & ev5 its dramatic =ce has suff]$ some:at by ! *ange 9 rul+ ideals4 ,sid5ote3 ,conflict ( p>tial moralities4 ,! dis>ray ( intuitive e?ics is made pa9fully cle> 9 ! conflicts :i* x involves :5 x has fo/]$ two incompatible gr[?s 9 two c5tres :i* lie ne> en\gh to ea* o!r to come into physical collision4 ,su* e?ics has no?+ to (f] 9 ! pres5ce ( discord except an appeal to =ce & to ultimate physical sanctions4 ,x c in/igate1 b _c resolve1 ! battle ( nations & ! battle ( religions4 ,precisely ! same zeal1 ! same patriotism1 ! same read9ess = m>tyrdom fires adh]5ts to rival societies1 & fires !m especially 9 view ( ! fact t ! adv]s>y is no less uncompromis+ & fi]ce4 ,x might seem idle1 if n cruel & malici\s1 to wi% to sub/itute "o hi/orical allegiance = ano!r1 :5 bo? are equally arbitr>y1 & ! exi/+ "o is ! m cong5ial to ^? born "u x2 b to feel ?is aggression to be crim9al dem&s "s degree ( imag9ation & ju/ice1 & sect>ies w\ld n be sect>ies if !y possess$ x4 ,truly religi\s m9ds1 :ile eag] p]haps to extirpate e religion b _! own1 (t5 rise above national jeal\sies2 = spirituality is univ]sal1 :atev] *ur*es may be4 ,simil>ly politicians (t5 und]/& v well ! religi\s situation2 & ( late x has become aga9 ! g5]al practice among prud5t gov]nm5ts to d z ! ,romans did 9 _! conque/s1 & to leave p free to ex]cise :at religion !y h1 )\t pe/]+ !m ) a =eign "o4 ,on ! o!r h& ! same politicians are ! av[$ ag5ts ( a q pat5t iniquity2 = :at is _! ideal8 ,to sub/itute _! own language1 comm]ce1 soldi]s1 & tax-ga!r]s = ! tax-ga!r]s1 soldi]s1 comm]ce1 & language ( _! neighb\rs2 & no means is ?\ght illegitimate1 be x fraud 9 policy or blood%$ 9 w>1 to secure ?is absolutely nugatory end4 ,is n "o c\ntry z mu* a c\ntry z ano!r8 ,is x n z de> to its inhabitants8 ,:at !n is ga9$ by oppress+ its g5ius or by seek+ to de/roy x altoge!r8 ,"h are two flagrant in/ances :]e pr]ational morality defeats ! ends ( morality4 ,view$ f )91 ea* religi\s or national fanaticism /&s = a good2 b 9 its outw>d op]ation x produces & becomes an evil4 ,x is possible1 no d\bt1 t its ag5ts are really s f> ap>t 9 nature & ideals t1 l m5 & mosquitoes1 !y c /& 9 physical relations only1 & if !y meet c meet only to poison or to cru% "o ano!r4 ,m probably1 h[ev]1 humanity 9 !m is no m]ely nom9al ess5ce2 x is def9able ideally1 z ess5ces are def9$1 by a p>tially id5tical function & int5t4 ,9 t case1 by /udy+ _! own nature1 !y c\ld rise above _! mutual opposition1 & feel t 9 _! fanaticism !y 7 tak+ too contract$ a view ( _! own s\ls & 7 h>dly do+ ju/ice to !mselves :5 !y did su* great inju/ice to o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,greek ideal4 ,h[ pr]ational morality may approa* ! goal1 & miss x1 is well illu/rat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,hell5ism4 ,greek morals may be said to h be5 inspir$ by two pr]ational s5tim5ts1 a naturali/ic religion & a local patriotism4 ,c\ld ,plato h succe$$ 9 mak+ t religion moral1 or ,alex&] 9 univ]salis+ t patriotism1 p]haps ,greece might h be5 sav$ & we might all be n[ at a v diff]5t level ( civilisation4 ,bo? ,plato & ,alex&] fail$1 9 spite ( ! imm5se & la/+ influ5ce ( _! "w2 = 9 bo? cases ! aft]-effects 7 spuri\s1 & ! new _s 0 smo!r$ 9 ! dull sub/ances x /rove to vivify4 ,greek my? 0 an exub]ant ass]tion ( ! rights ( life 9 ! univ]se4 ,exi/5ce c\ld n b be joyful & immortal1 if x _h once f\nd1 9 l&1 sea1 or air1 a =m congru\s ) t elem5t4 ,su* congruity w\ld r5d] a be+ /able1 effici5t1 beautiful4 ,he w\ld a*ieve a p]fection gr\nd$ 9 skilful practice & 9 a ?or\gh rejection ( :atev] 0 irrelevant4 ,^! ?+s ! ,greeks call$ virtue4 ,! gods 7 p]fect models ( ?is k9d ( excell5ce2 = ( c\rse ! am\rs ( ,zeus & ,h]mes' trick]y 71 9 _! he>ty fa%ion1 spl5did manife/ations ( en]gy4 ,?is natural div9e virtue c>ri$ no s5se ( responsibility ) x1 b x c\ld n fail to diffuse b5efit because x radiat$ happ9ess & beauty4 ,! wor%ipp]1 by invok+ ^? brav] inhabitants ( ! cosmos1 felt he might m easily atta9 a correspond+ beauty & happ9ess 9 8 pat]nal city4 ,sid5ote3 ,imag9ative exub]ance & political discipl9e4 ,! s\rce ( my? _h be5 a g5ial sympa?y ) nature4 ,! obs]v]1 at ease himself1 multipli$ ideally ! pot5tialities ( 8 be+2 b he w5t f>!r 9 imag9+ :at life might yield abroad1 fre$ f e trammel & necessity1 ?an 9 deep5+ 8 s5se ( :at life 0 9 himself1 & ( :at x ought to be4 ,?is moral reflection1 abs5t f my?ology1 0 suppli$ by politics4 ,! family & ! /ate _h a sob]] antique religion ( _! own2 ?is h]$it>y piety1 toge!r ) ! laws1 prescrib$ education1 cu/oms1 & duties4 ,! city drew its walls close ab\t ! he>t1 & :ile x fo/]$ fri5d%ip & reason )91 )\t x look$ to little b w>4 ,a spl5did physical & moral discipl9e 0 e/abli%$ to s]ve a suicidal egoism4 ,! city committ$ its crimes1 & ! individual indulg$ 8 vices ( conduct & e/imation1 h>dly rebuk$ by philosophy & q unrebuk$ by religion4 ,nev]!less1 religion & philosophy exi/$1 toge!r ) an incomp>able lit]ature & art1 & an unrivall$ measure & simplicity 9 liv+4 ,a lib]al fancy & a /rict civic regim51 />t+ ) diff]5t p>tial motives & bl9d purposes1 comb9$ by good =tune into an almo/ rational life4 ,x 0 inevitable1 h[ev]1 :5 only an irrational tradition support$ ! /ate1 & kept x s weak amid a _w ( enemies1 t ?is /ate %\ld succumb2 n to speak ( ! mean animosities1 ! lic5se 9 life1 & ! _s ( mock]y t inw>dly infe/$ x4 ,! my?s1 too1 fad$2 !y _h express$ a fleet+ mom5t ( poetic insight1 z patriotism _h express$ a fleet+ mom5t ( unanim\s ef=t2 b :at =ce c\ld su/a9 su* accid5tal h>monies8 ,! patriotism soon lo/ its p[] to inspire sacrifice1 & ! my? its p[] to inspire wond]2 s t ! relics ( t s+ul> civilisation 7 scatt]$ almo/ at once 9 ! g5]al flood ( ! _w4 ,sid5ote3 ,/]ility ( ,greek example4 ,! ,greek ideal has fasc9at$ _m m5 9 all ages1 :o h sometimes be5 9 a position to set a fa%ion1 s t ! _w 9 g5]al has pret5d$ also to admire4 ,b ! tru? is ,hellas1 9 leav+ s _m heirlooms to mank9d1 has left no con/itutional b5efit2 x has taught ! consci5ce no lesson4 ,we possess a great h]itage f ,greece1 b x is no natural end[m5t4 ,an arti/ic r5aissance 9 ! fifte5? c5tury & a hi/orical "o 9 ! n9ete5? h only affect$ ! trapp+s ( society4 ,! movem5t has come f above4 ,x has n f\nd any response 9 ! p4 ,:ile ,greek morality1 9 its cont5ts or 9 ! type ( life x prescribes1 comes ne>] ?an any o!r pr]ational exp]im5t to :at reason might propose1 yet x has be5 less useful ?an _m o!r influ5ces 9 br++ ! ,life ( ,reason ab\t4 ,! ,*ri/ian & ! ,moslem1 9 ref9+ _! m viol5t inspiration1 h br\ght u ne>] to g5u9e goodness ?an ! ,greek c\ld by 8 idle example4 ,classic p]fection is a se$less fl[]1 imitable only by artifice1 n reproducible by g5]ation4 ,x is capable ( influ5c+ "* only ?r\gh ! intellect1 ! means by :i* "* c be influ5c$ lea/4 ,x is a deta*$ ideal1 respond+ to no cry+ & actual dem& 9 ! _w at l>ge4 ,x nev] pass$1 to w9 ! "r ( address+ mank9d1 ?r\gh a suffici5t novitiate ( sorr[4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr]ational morality among ! ,jews4 ,! ,hebrews1 on ! contr>y1 :o 9 comp>ison ) ! ,greeks _h a b>b>\s idea ( happ9ess1 %[$ f> great] moral cohesion "u ! pressure ( adv]sity4 ,!y integrat$ _! purposes into a fanaticism1 b !y integrat$ !m2 & ! integrity t result$ became a mighty example4 ,x con/itut$ an ideal ( "* n ! less awe-inspir+ = be+ m]ely =mal4 ,we ne$ n m>vel t ab/ract comm&m5ts %\ld h impress$ ! _w m ?an concrete ideals4 ,to appreciate an ideal1 to love & s]ve x 9 ! full light ( sci5ce & reason1 w\ld require a high intellig5ce1 &1 :at is r>] /ill1 noble aff9ities & r5unciations :i* are n to be look$ = 9 an undiscipl9$ p4 ,b to feel ! tru? & au?ority ( an ab/ract maxim 7z1 = in/ance1 ,d "r & %ame ! devil71 a maxim applicable to exp]i5ce on any plane1 no?+ is ne$$ b a s\nd wit & common hone/y4 ,m5 "k bett] :at is "r & wrong ?an :at is ultimately good or evil2 _! consci5ce is m vividly pres5t to !m ?an ! fruits :i* ob$i5ce to consci5ce might be>2 s t ! logical relation ( means to ends1 ( me?ods to activities1 eludes !m altoge!r4 ,:at is a necess>y connection betwe5 ! giv5 end1 happ9ess1 & ! normal life naturally possess+ x1 appe>s to !m z a miracul\s connection betwe5 ob$i5ce to ,god's comm&s & enjoym5t ( 8 fav\r4 ,! evid5ce ( ?is miracle a/oni%es !m & fills !m ) zeal4 ,!y are /r5g!n$ to p]sev]e 9 righte\sness "u any /ress ( mis=tune1 9 ! assurance t !y are be+ put to a tempor>y te/ & t ! rew>d promis$ to virtue w ev5tually be !irs4 ,sid5ote3 ,! developm5t ( consci5ce4 ,?us a habit ( fai?fulness1 a tru/ 9 g5]al pr9ciples1 is fo/]$ & +ra9$ 9 g5]ation aft] g5]ation--a r>e & preci\s h]itage = a race s imp]fectly rational z ! human4 ,reason w\ld ( c\rse ju/ify ! same con/ancy 9 well-do+1 s9ce a c\rse ( conduct w\ld n be "r1 b wrong1 if its ultimate issue 7 human mis]y4 ,b z ! happ9ess secur$ by virtue may be remote & may dem& m virtue to make x appreciable1 ! m]e rationality ( a habit gives x no curr5cy 9 ! _w & b little moral gl[ 9 ! consci5ce4 ,we %\ld n1 !re=e1 be too mu* (f5d$ at ! illusions :i* play a "p 9 moral integration4 ,imag9ation is (t5 m efficaci\s 9 rea*+ ! gi/ & mean+ ( exp]i5ce ?an intellig5ce c be1 j because imag9ation is less scrupul\s & m in/9ctive4 ,ev5 physical discov]ies1 :5 !y come1 are ! fruit ( div9ation1 & ,columbus _h to believe he might sail we/w>d to ,india be=e he c\ld actually hit ^u ,am]ica4 ,reason _c create itself1 & nature1 9 produc+ reason1 has to feel h] way exp]im5tally4 ,habits & *ance sy/ems ( education h to arise fir/ & ex]cise ^u individuals an irrational suasion fav\rable to rational ends4 ,m5 long live 9 sub/antial h>mony ) reality be=e !y recognise its nature4 ,organs long exi/ be=e !y rea* _! p]fect function4 ,! =tunate in/9cts ( a race de/9$ to long life & rationality express !mselves 9 significant poetry be=e !y express !mselves 9 sci5ce4 ,! s]vice :i* ,hebraism has r5d]$ to mank9d has be5 in/rum5tal1 z t r5d]$ by ,hell5ism has be5 imag9ative4 ,hebraism has put e>ne/ness & urg5cy into morality1 mak+ x a matt] ( duty1 at once private & univ]sal1 r ?an :at paganism _h left x1 a mass ( local allegiances & legal practices4 ,! ,jewi% sy/em has1 9 consequ5ce1 a t5d5cy to propag&a & intol]ance2 a t5d5cy :i* w\ld n h prov$ nef>i\s _h ?is religion always rema9$ true to its moral pr9ciple2 = morality is co]cive & no man1 be+ autonom\s1 has a "r to d wrong4 ,consci5ce1 ?us re9=c$ by religi\s passion1 has be5 able to focus a g5]al abhorr5ce on c]ta9 great sc&als--slav]y & sodomy c\ld be practically suppress$ among ,*ri/ians1 & drunk5ness among ,moslems4 ,! ,*ri/ian pr9ciple ( *>ity also ow$ a "p ( its =ce to ,hebraic tradition4 ,= ! law & ! prophets 7 full ( m]cy & lov+ k9dness t[>d ! fai?ful4 ,:at ,moses _h taught 8 p ,*ri/ & 8 ,hell5is+ disciples _h ! beautiful c\rage to prea* to all mank9d4 ,yet ?is virtue ( *>ity1 on its subtl] & m metaphysical side1 belongs to ! _s ( r$emption1 to t ascetic & quasi-,buddhi/ic elem5t 9 ,*ri/ianity to :i* we %all pres5tly rev]t4 ,! pure ,jews c h no "p 9 su* insight1 because x contradicts ! positivism ( _! religion & "* & _! ideal ( worldly happ9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,ne$ ( ,hebraic devotion to ,greek aims4 ,z ! human body is said to *ange all its sub/ance e sev5 ye>s1 & yet is ! same body1 s ! ,hebraic consci5ce might *ange all its t5ets 9 sev5 g5]ations & be ! same consci5ce /ill4 ,c\ld ?is ab/ract moral habit1 ?is transf]able e>ne/ness1 be enli/$ 9 rational causes1 ! ,life ( ,reason w\ld h ga9$ a valuable in/rum5t4 ,m5 w\ld possess ! 8s+le eye10 & ! art1 s difficult to an ape-l creature ) loose moral feel+s1 ( act+ on pr9ciple4 ,c\ld ! vision ( an adequate natural ideal fall into ! ,hebrais+ m9d1 already a*+ = action & n]v$ to practical en?usiasm1 t ideal vision might become efficaci\s & be l>gely realis$ 9 practice4 ,! ab/ract p[] ( self-direction1 if enlight5$ by a l>g] exp]i5ce & a m f]tile g5ius1 might give ! ,life ( ,reason a public embodim5t su* z x has n _h s9ce ! be/ days ( classic antiquity4 ,?us ! two pr]ational moralities out ( :i* ,european civilisation has gr[n1 c\ld !y be happily sup]pos$1 w\ld make a rational polity4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr]ational morality m>ks an acquisition b (f]s no programme4 ,! objects ( human desire1 !n1 until reason has comp>$ & exp]i5ce has te/$ !m1 are a miscellane\s assortm5t ( goods1 un/able 9 !mselves & incompatible ) "o ano!r4 ,x is a happy *ance if a tol]able mixture ( !m recomm5ds itself to a prophet or f9ds an adv5titi\s acceptance among a gr\p ( m54 ,intuitive morality is adequate :ile x simply en=ces ^? obvi\s & univ]sal laws :i* are indisp5sable to any society1 & :i* impose !mselves ev]y:]e on m5 "u pa9 ( quick ext9ction--a p5alty :i* _m an individual & _m a nation cont9ually pref]s to pay4 ,b :5 intuitive morality v5tures ^u speculative gr\nd & tries to guide progress1 its magic fails4 ,ideals are t5tative & h to be critically view$4 ,a morali/ :o re/s 9 8 intuitions may be a good prea*]1 b h>dly des]ves ! "n ( philosoph]4 ,he _c f9d any au?ority = 8 maxims :i* opposite maxims may n equally invoke4 ,to settle ! relative m]its ( rival au?orities & ( ho/ile consci5ces x is necess>y to appeal to ! only real au?ority1 to exp]i5ce1 reason1 & human nature 9 ! liv+ man4 ,no o!r te/ is conceivable & no o!r w\ld be valid2 = no good man w\ld ev] cons5t to reg>d an au?ority z div9e or b9d+ :i* ess5tially contradict$ 8 own consci5ce4 ,yet a consci5ce :i* is irreflective & incorrigible is too ha/ily satisfi$ ) itself1 & n consci5ti\s en\gh3 x ne$s cultivation by dialectic4 ,x neglects to ext5d to all human int]e/s t pr9ciple ( syn!sis & ju/ice by :i* consci5ce itself has aris54 ,& s soon z ! consci5ce summons its own dicta = revision 9 ! light ( exp]i5ce & ( univ]sal sympa?y1 x is no long] call$ consci5ce1 b reason4 ,s1 too1 :5 ! _s summons its traditional fai?s1 to subject !m to a simil> exam9ation1 t ex]cise is n call$ religion1 b philosophy4 ,x is true1 9 a s5se1 t philosophy is ! pure/ religion & reason ! ultimate consci5ce2 b s to "n !m w\ld be mislead+4 ,! ?+s commonly call$ by ^? names h seldom cons5t$ to live at peace ) s9c]e reflection4 ,x has be5 felt vaguely t reason c\ld n h produc$ !m1 & t !y might suff] sad *anges by submitt+ to x2 z if reason c\ld be ! gr\nd ( any?+1 or z if ev]y?+ might n f9d its consummation 9 becom+ rational4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,rational ,,e?ics ,sid5ote3 ,moral passions repres5t private int]e/s4 ,9 moral reprobation !re is (t5 a fanatical elem5t1 ,i mean t hatr$ :i* an animal may sometimes feel = o!r animals on acc\nt ( _! /range aspect1 or because _! habits put him to s]i\s inconv5i5ce1 or because ^! habits1 if he himself adopt$ !m1 might be vici\s 9 him4 ,su* av]sion1 h[ev]1 is n a rational s5tim5t4 ,no fault c be ju/ly f\nd ) a creature m]ely = n resembl+ ano!r1 or = n\ri%+ 9 a diff]5t physical or moral environm5t4 ,x has be5 an un=tunate consequ5ce ( my?ical philosophies t moral emotions h be5 /ret*$ to objects ) :i* a man has only physical relations1 s t ! univ]se has be5 fill$ ) mon/]s m or less horrible1 accord+ z ! =ces !y repres5t$ 7 m or less =midable to human life4 ,9 ! same _s1 e exp]im5t 9 civilisation has pass$ = a crime among ^? engag$ 9 "s o!r exp]im5t4 ,! =eign] has seem$ an insidi\s rascal1 ! h]etic a pe/il5t s9n]1 & any mat]ial ob/acle a lit]al devil2 :ile to possess "s unusual passion1 h[ev] innoc5t1 has br\ght obloquy on e "o un=tunate en\gh n to be con/itut$ l ! av]age ( 8 neighb\rs4 ,e?ics1 if x is to be a sci5ce & n a piece ( arbitr>y legislation1 _c pron\nce x s9ful 9 a s]p5t to be a s]p5t2 x _c ev5 accuse a b>b>ian ( lov+ a wrong life1 except 9 s f> z ! b>b>ian is suppos$ capable ( accus+ himself ( b>b>ism4 ,if he is a p]fect b>b>ian he w be inw>dly1 & !re=e morally1 ju/ifi$4 ,! notion ( a b>b>ian w !n be accept$ by him z t ( a true man1 & w =m ! basis ( :atev] rational judgm5ts or policy he atta9s4 ,x may /ill seem dreadful to him to be a s]p5t1 z to be a b>b>ian might seem dreadful to a man imbu$ ) lib]al int]e/s4 ,b ! degree to :i* moral sci5ce1 or ! dialectic ( w1 c condemn any type ( life dep5ds on ! am\nt ( disruptive contradiction :i*1 at any reflective mom5t1 t life br+s "u ! unity ( app]ception4 ,! discordant impulses !re9 confront$ w *all5ge & condemn "o ano!r2 & ! c\rt ( reason 9 :i* _! qu>rel is v5tilat$ w h au?ority to pron\nce betwe5 !m4 ,! physical repulsion1 h[ev]1 :i* ev]ybody feels to habits & int]e/s :i* he is incapable ( %>+ is no "p ( rational e/imation1 l>ge z its %>e may be 9 ! fi]ce prejudices & sup]/itions :i* pr]ational morality ab\nds 94 ,! /ronge/ feel+s assign$ to ! consci5ce are n moral feel+s at all2 !y express m]ely physical antipa?ies4 ,t[>d ali5 p[]s a man's true weapon is n invective1 b skill & /r5g?4 ,an ob/acle is an ob/acle1 n a devil2 & ev5 a moral life1 :5 x actually exi/s 9 a be+ ) ho/ile activities1 is m]ely a ho/ile p[]4 ,x is n ho/ile1 h[ev]1 9 s f> z x is moral1 b only 9 s f> z its morality repres5ts a mat]ial organism1 physically incompatible ) :at ! ?9k] has at he>t4 ,sid5ote3 ,common ideal int]e/s may sup]v5e4 ,mat]ial conflicts _c be aboli%$ by reason1 because reason is p[]ful only :]e !y h be5 remov$4 ,yet :]e oppos+ =ces are able mutually to compreh5d & respect "o ano!r1 common ideal int]e/s at once sup]v5e1 & ?\gh ! mat]ial conflict may rema9 irrepressible1 x w be ov]laid by an intellectual life1 p>tly common & unanim\s4 ,9 ?is lies ! *ivalry ( w>1 t we ackn[l$ge ! "r ( o!rs to pursue ends contr>y to our own4 ,competitors :o are able to feel ?is ideal comity1 & :o lead+ diff]5t lives 9 ! fle% lead ! same life 9 imag9ation1 are incit$ by _! mutual und]/&+ to rise above t mat]ial ambition1 p]haps gratuit\s1 t has made !m enemies4 ,!y may ultimately wi% to r5\nce t temporal good :i* deprives !m ( spiritual goods 9 tru? inf9itely great] & m appeal+ to ! s\l--innoc5ce1 ju/ice1 & intellig5ce4 ,!y may pref] an enl>g$ m9d to enl>g$ fronti]s1 & ! compreh5sion ( ?+s =eign to ! de/ruction ( !m4 ,!y may ev5 aspire to deta*m5t f ^? private int]e/s :i*1 z ,plato said1,h d n des]ve to be tak5 too s]i\sly2 ! fact t we mu/ take !m s]i\sly be+ ! ignoble "p ( our condition4 ,( c\rse su* r5unciations1 to be rational1 mu/ n ext5d to ! :ole mat]ial basis ( life1 s9ce "s physical p>ticul>ity & effici5cy are requisite = br++ into be+ t v rationality :i* is to turn enemies into fri5ds4 ,! ne$ ( a mat]ial basis = _s is :at r5d]s p>tial w> ) p>ts ( ! _w ! inevitable backgr\nd ( *>ity & ju/ice4 ,! fronti]s at :i* ?is w>f>e is wag$ may1 h[ev]1 be pu%$ back indef9itely4 ,)9 ! sph]e organis$ ab\t a firm & g5]\s life a ,roman peace c be e/abli%$4 ,x is n :at is assimilat$ t saps a creative w1 b :at rema9s outside t ultimately invades & disrupts x4 ,9 exact proportion to its vig\r1 x w9s ov] =m] enemies1 civilises ! b>b>ian1 & ev5 tames ! vip]1 :5 ! eye is ma/]ful & sympa!tic en\gh to dispel hatr$ & fe>4 ,! m rational an in/itution is ! less x suff]s by mak+ concessions to o!rs2 = ^! concessions1 be+ j1 propagate its ess5ce4 ,! ideal commonweal? c ext5d to ! limit at :i* su* concessions cease to be j & are !reby detrim5tal4 ,beyond or bel[ t limit /rife mu/ cont9ue = physical asc5dancy1 s t ! p[] & ! w to be reasonable may n be und]m9$4 ,reason is an op]ation 9 nature1 & has its root !re4 ,sa9ts _c arise :]e !re h be5 no w>riors1 nor philosoph]s :]e a pry+ bea/ does n rema9 hidd5 9 ! dep?s4 ,sid5ote3 ,to ?is ext5t !re is rational society4 ,p]haps ! art ( politics1 if x 7 practis$ sci5tifically1 might obviate op5 w>1 religi\s enmities1 indu/rial competition1 & human slav]y2 b x w\ld c]ta9ly n leave a free field = all animals nor = all mon/rosities 9 m54 ,ev5 :ile admitt+ ! claims ( mon/]s to be treat$ humanely1 reason c\ld n suff] !m to absorb ^? mat]ial res\rces :i* might be ne$$ to ma9ta9 rational society at its highe/ effici5cy4 ,we _c1 at ?is imm5se di/ance f a rational social ord]1 judge :at concessions individual g5ius w\ld be call$ ^u to make 9 a sy/em ( education & gov]nm5t 9 :i* all atta9able goods %\ld be pursu$ sci5tifically4 ,concessions w\ld c]ta9ly be dem&$1 if n f well-tra9$ wills1 /ill f inevitable in/9cts1 react+ on inevitable accid5ts4 ,!re is trag$y 9 p]fection1 because ! univ]se 9 :i* p]fection arises is itself imp]fect4 ,accid5ts w always cont9ue to h>ass ! mo/ consummate organism2 !y w fl[ 9 bo? f ! out] _w & f ! int]/ices1 s to speak1 ( its own ma*9]y2 = a rational life t\*es ! irrational at its core z well z at its p]iph]y4 ,9 bo? directions x meets physical =ce & c subsi/ only by ex]cis+ physical =ce 9 return4 ,! range ( rational e?ics is limit$ to ! int]m$iate political zone1 9 :i* exi/5ces h atta9$ "s degree ( natural unanimity4 ,x %\ld be add$1 p]haps1 t ! fronti]s betwe5 moral & physical action are purely notional4 ,real exi/5ces d n lie :olly on "o or ! o!r side ( !m4 ,e man1 e mat]ial object1 has moral aff9ities envelop+ an indomitable vital nucleus or brute p]sonal k]nel2 ?is moral ess5ce is envelop$ 9 turn by untraceable relations1 radiat+ to inf9ity ov] ! natural _w4 ,! />s ent] society by ! light & k !y af=d1 ! "t !y keep1 & ! ornam5t !y lavi%2 b !y are m]e dead weights 9 _! sub/ance & cosmological puzzles 9 _! de/9y4 ,y & ,i possess manifold ideal bonds 9 ! int]e/s we %>e2 b ea* ( u has 8 poor body & 8 irrem$iable1 incommunicable dreams4 ,beyond ! little span ( 8 =esight & love1 ea* is m]ely a physical ag5cy1 prep>+ ! way q irresponsibly = undreamt-( revolutions & ali5 lives4 ,sid5ote3 ,a rational morality n atta9able1 ,a truly rational morality1 or social regim51 has nev] exi/$ 9 ! _w & is h>dly to be look$ =4 ,:at guides m5 & nations 9 _! practice is always "s p>tial int]e/ or "s p>tial disillusion4 ,a rational morality w\ld imply p]fect self-k1 s t no cong5ial good %\ld be ne$lessly miss$--lea/ ( all practical reason or ju/ice itself2 s t no good cong5ial to o!r creatures w\ld be ne$lessly tak5 f !m4 ,! total value :i* ev]y?+ _h f ! ag5t's po9t ( view w\ld ne$ to be det]m9$ & felt efficaci\sly2 &1 among o!r ?+s1 ! total value :i* ?is po9t ( view1 ) ! conduct x ju/ifi$1 w\ld h = e =eign int]e/ :i* x affect$4 ,su* k1 su* def9ition ( purpose1 & su* p]fection ( sympa?y are cle>ly beyond man's rea*4 ,all t c be hop$ = is t ! advance ( sci5ce & comm]ce1 by fo/]+ peace & a rational developm5t ( "*1 may br+ "s "p ( mank9d ne>] to t goal2 b ! goal lies1 z e ultimate ideal %\ld1 at ! limit ( :at is possible1 & mu/ s]ve r to measure a*ievem5ts ?an to prophesy !m4 ,sid5ote3 b its pr9ciple cle>4 ,9 lieu ( a rational morality1 h[ev]1 we h rational e?ics2 & ?is m]e idea ( a rational morality is some?+ valuable4 ,:ile we wait = ! s5tim5ts1 cu/oms1 & laws :i* %\ld embody p]fect humanity & p]fect ju/ice1 we may obs]ve ! g]m9al pr9ciple ( ^! ideal ?+s2 we may sket* ! gr\nd-plan ( a true commonweal?4 ,?is sket* con/itutes rational e?ics1 z f\nd$ by ,socrates1 glorifi$ by ,plato1 & sob]$ & solidifi$ by ,ari/otle4 ,x sets =? ! me?od ( judgm5t & e/imation :i* a rational morality w\ld apply univ]sally & express 9 practice4 ,! me?od1 be+ v simple1 c be discov]$ & l>gely illu/rat$ 9 advance1 :ile ! complete self-k & sympa?y are /ill want+ :i* might avail to embody t me?od 9 ! concrete & to discov] unequivocally :]e absolute duty & ultimate happ9ess may lie4 ,sid5ote3 ,x is ! logic ( an autonom\s w4 ,?is me?od1 ! ,socratic me?od1 consi/s 9 accept+ any e/imation :i* any man may s9c]ely make1 & 9 apply+ dialectic to x1 s z to let ! man see :at he really e/eems4 ,:at he really e/eems is :at ought to guide 8 conduct2 = to sugge/ t a rational be+ ought to d :at he feels to be wrong1 or ought to pursue :at he g5u9ely ?9ks is wor?less1 w\ld be to impugn t man's rationality & to discr$it "o's own4 ,) :at face c\ld any man or god say to ano!r3 ,y\r duty is to d :at y _c "k y ought to d2 y\r function is to suff] :at y _c recognise to be wor? suff]+8 ,su* an attitude am\nts to impo/ure & excludes society2 x is ! attitude ( a dete/able tyrant1 & any "o :o mi/akes x = moral au?ority has n yet felt ! fir/ he>t-?rob ( philosophy4 ,sid5ote3 ,socrates' sci5ce4 ,m ev5 ?an natural philosophy1 moral philosophy is some?+ ,greek3 x is ! appanage ( freem54 ,! ,socratic me?od is ! s\l ( lib]al conv]sation2 x is compact$ 9 equal measure ( s9c]ity & c\rtesy4 ,ea* man is autonom\s & all are respect$2 & no?+ is br\ght =w>d except to be submitt$ to reason & accept$ or reject$ by ! self-que/ion+ he>t4 ,inde$1 :5 ,socrates appe>$ 9 ,a!ns mutual respect _h pass$ into democracy & lib]ty into lic5se2 b ! /alw>t virtue ( ,socrates sav$ him f be+ a sophi/1 mu* z 8 me?od1 :5 n hone/ly & s9c]ely us$1 might seem to c\nt5ance t moral an>*y :i* ! sophi/s _h express$ 9 _! irresponsible doctr9es4 ,_! sophi/ry did n consi/ 9 ! private seat :i* !y assign$ to judgm5t2 = :at judgm5t is !re t is n somebody's judgm5t at "s mom5t8 ,! sophism consi/$ 9 ignor+ ! liv+ mom5t's int5t1 & 9 sugge/+ t no judgm5t c\ld ref] to any?+ ult]ior1 & !re=e t no judgm5t c\ld be wrong3 9 o!r words t ea* man at ea* mom5t 0 ! !me & /&>d1 z well z ! seat1 ( 8 judgm5t4 ,socrates escap$ ?is folly by =ce ( hone/y1 :i* is :at saves f folly 9 dialectic4 ,he built 8 :ole sci5ce precisely on t int5t :i* ! sophi/s ignor$2 he insi/$ t p %\ld decl>e s9c]ely :at !y meant & :at !y want$2 & on t liv+ rock he f\nd$ ! p]suasive & ideal sci5ces ( logic & e?ics1 ! necessity ( :i* lies all 9 free insight & 9 actual w4 ,?is w & insight !y r5d] delib]ate1 pr(\nd1 un%akable1 & consi/5t4 ,socrates1 by 8 g5ial midwif]y1 help$ m5 to discov] ! tru? & excell5ce to :i* !y 7 naturally address$4 ,?is circum/ance r5d]$ 8 doctr9e at once moral & sci5tific2 sci5tific because dialectical1 moral because expressive ( p]sonal & liv+ aspirations4 ,8 e?ics 0 n l :at has s9ce pass$ "u t "n--a spuri\s physics1 accompani$ by comm&m5ts & ?reats4 ,x 0 a pliant & lib]al expression ( ideals1 inw>dly gr\nd$ & spontane\sly pursu$4 ,x 0 an ex]cise 9 self-k4 ,sid5ote3 ,its opposition to sophi/ry & moral an>*y4 ,socrates' lib]ality 0 t ( a free man ready to ma9ta9 8 w & consci5ce1 if ne$ be1 aga9/ ! :ole _w4 ,! sophi/s1 on ! contr>y1 7 sycophants 9 _! scepticism1 & hav+ inw>dly ab&on$ ! ideals ( _! race & nation--:i* ,socrates def5d$ ) 8 homely irony--!y dealt out _! miscellane\s k1 or _! tal5t 9 exposition1 at ! beck & = ! conv5i5ce ( o!rs4 ,_! !ory 0 t ea* man hav+ a "r to pursue 8 own aims1 skilful ?9k]s might1 = money1 furni% any fell[-mortal ) in/rum5ts fitt$ to 8 purpose4 ,socrates1 on ! contr>y1 conceiv$ t ea* man1 to a*ieve 8 aims mu/ fir/ le>n to di/+ui% !m cle>ly2 he dem&$ t rationality1 9 ! =m ( an exam9ation & cl>ification ( purposes1 %\ld prec$e any selection ( ext]nal in/rum5ts4 ,= h[ %\ld a man recognise any?+ useful unless he fir/ _h e/abli%$ ! end to be subs]v$ & !reby recognis$ ! good8 ,true sci5ce1 !n1 0 t :i* enabl$ a man to dis5tangle & atta9 8 natural good2 & su* a sci5ce is also ! art ( life & ! :ole ( virtue4 ,! autonom\s morali/ diff]s f ! sophi/ or e?ical sceptic 9 ?is3 t he reta9s 8 integrity4 ,9 v9dicat+ 8 ideal he does n recant 8 human nature4 ,9 ass]t+ ! initial "r ( e impulse 9 o!rs1 he rema9s ! spokesman ( 8 own4 ,k ( ! _w1 c\rtesy1 & fairness d n neutralise 8 positive life4 ,he is ?or\ghly s9c]e1 z ! sophi/ is n2 = e man1 :ile he lives1 embodies & enacts "s special int]e/2 & ?is tru?1 :i* ^? :o conf\nd psy*ology ) e?ics may ?9k de/ructive ( all au?ority 9 morals1 is 9 fact :at alone r5d]s moral judgm5t possible & respectable4 ,if ! sophi/ decl>es t :at 8 nature atta*es him to is n 8really0 a good1 because x w\ld n be a good1 p]haps1 = a diff]5t creature1 he is a false int]pret] ( 8 own he>t1 & r discr$itably /ultifies 8 hone/ feel+s & actions by ^? !oretical valuations :i*1 9 guise ( a my/ical e?ics1 he gives out to ! _w4 ,socratic lib]ality1 on ! contr>y1 is consi/5t ) itself1 z ,sp9ozi/ic naturalism is also2 = x ex]cises t "r ( private judgm5t :i* x conc$es to o!rs1 & av[$ly builds up ! idea ( ! good on t natural inn] f\ndation on :i* ev]ybody :o has x at all mu/ inevitably build x4 ,?is functional good is accord+ly always relative & good = some?+2 x is ! ideal :i* a vital & en]gis+ s\l c>ries ) x z x moves4 ,x is id5tical1 z ,socrates con/antly taught1 ) ! useful1 ! helpful1 ! b5efic5t4 ,x is ! complem5t ne$$ to p]fect e art & e activity aft] its own k9d4 ,sid5ote3 ,its vitality ,rational e?ics is an embodim5t ( volition1 n a description ( x4 ,x is ! expression ( liv+ int]e/1 pref]5ce1 & categorical *oice4 ,x leaves to psy*ology & hi/ory a free field = ! description ( moral ph5om5a4 ,x has no int]e/ 9 slipp+ f>-fet*$ & incr$ible my?s b5ea? ! facts ( nature1 s z to l5d a non-natural orig9 to human aspirations4 ,x ev5 recognises1 z an emanation ( its own =ce1 t uncompromis+ tru?fulness ) :i* sci5ce assigns all =ms ( moral life to _! place 9 ! me*anical sy/em ( nature4 ,b ! rational morali/ is n on t acc\nt r$uc$ to a m]e spectator1 a physici/ ackn[l$g+ no int]e/ except ! int]e/ 9 facts & 9 ! laws ( *ange4 ,8 own _s1 small by ! mat]ial =ces :i* x may /& = & express1 is great by its pr]ogative ( survey+ & judg+ ! univ]se2 survey+ x1 ( c\rse1 f a mortal po9t ( view1 & judg+ x only by its k9dl9ess or cruelty to "s actual int]e/1 yet1 ev5 s1 det]m9+ unequivocally a "p ( its con/itution & excell5ce4 ,! rational morali/ repres5ts a =ce en]gis+ 9 ! _w1 discov]+ its aff9ities !re & cl++ to !m to ! exclusion ( _! hateful opposites4 ,he repres5ts1 ov] aga9/ ! *ance facts1 an ideal embody+ ! p>ticul> dem&s1 possibilities1 & satisfactions ( a specific be+4 ,?is dogmatic position ( reason is n uncritically dogmatic2 on ! contr>y1 x is ! sophi/ical position t is uncritically neutral4 ,all criticism ne$s a dogmatic backgr\nd1 else x w\ld lack objects & crit]ia = criticism4 ,! sophi/ himself1 )\t confess+ x1 enacts a special int]e/4 ,he bubbles ov] ) convictions ab\t ! pa?ological & fatal orig9 ( human beliefs1 z if t c\ld prev5t "s ( !m f be+ m tru/wor?y & tru] ?an o!rs4 ,he is d\btless "r 9 8 psy*ology2 8 own ideas h _! natural causes & _! *ance ( signify+ some?+ real4 ,8 scepticism may repres5t a wid] exp]i5ce ?an d ! fanaticisms x opposes4 ,b ?is sceptic also lives4 ,nature has s5t h] saps abundantly into him1 & he _c b nod dogmatically on t philosophical tree on :i* he is s pung5t a b]ry4 ,8 imag9ation is unmi/akably fasc9at$ by ! pictures x happ5s to put toge!r4 ,8 judgm5t falls unaba%$1 & 8 disc\rse spla%es on 9 its dialectical m>*1 e /epp+-/one an unque/ion$ idea1 e /ride a categorical ass]tion4 ,does he d5y ?is8 ,!n 8 v d5ial1 9 its promptness & heat1 audibly contradicts him & makes him ridicul\s4 ,hone/ criticism consi/s 9 be+ consci\sly dogmatic1 & consci5ti\sly s1 l ,desc>tes :5 he said1 8,i am40 ,x is to sift & h>monise all ass]tions s z to make !m a fai?ful expression ( actual exp]i5ce & inevitable ?\ght4 ,sid5ote3 ,g5u9e altruism is natural self-expression4 ,n[ w1 no less ?an t reason :i* avails to r5d] w consi/5t & f>-rea*+1 animates natural bodies & expresses _! functions4 ,x has a radical bias1 a =egone1 det]m9ate direction1 else x c\ld n be a w nor a pr9ciple ( pref]5ce4 ,! k ( :at o!r p desire does n aboli% a man's own aims4 ,sympa?y & ju/ice are simply an expansion ( ! s\l's int]e/s1 aris+ :5 we consid] o!r m5's lives s int5tly t some?+ 9 u imitates & re-enacts _! exp]i5ce1 s t we move p>tly 9 unison ) _! movem5t1 recognise ! reality & initial legitimacy ( _! int]e/s1 & consequ5tly reg>d _! aims 9 our action1 9 s f> z our own /atus & purposes h become id5tical ) !irs4 ,we are n less ourselves1 nor less autonom\s1 = ?is assimilation1 s9ce we assimilate only :at is 9 itself intelligible & congru\s ) our m9d & obey only t au?ority :i* c impose itself on our reason4 ,! case is p>allel to t ( k4 ,to "k all m5's exp]i5ce & to compreh5d _! beliefs w\ld con/itute ! mo/ cog5t & settl$ ( philosophies4 ,?\ght w\ld !n be reasonably adju/$ to all ! facts ( hi/ory1 & judgm5t w\ld gr[ m au?oritative & precise by virtue ( t enlight5m5t4 ,s1 too1 to und]/& all ! goods t any man1 nay1 t any bea/ or angel1 may ev] h pursu$1 w\ld leave man /ill necessit\s ( food1 dr9k1 sleep1 & %elt]2 he w\ld /ill love2 ! comic1 ! loa?some1 ! beautiful w\ld /ill affect him ) unmi/akable direct emotions4 ,8 ta/e might no d\bt ga9 9 ela/icity by ^? sympa!tic excursions into ! polyglot _w2 ! pla/ic or dramatic quality :i* _h enabl$ him to feel o!r creatures' joys w\ld gr[ by ex]cise & new ov]tones w\ld be add$ to 8 gamut4 ,b ! f\ndations ( 8 nature w\ld /&2 & 8 possible happ9ess1 ?\gh "s new & preci\s ?reads might be wov5 into x1 w\ld n h a texture fundam5tally diff]5t4 ,! radical impulses at "w 9 any animal mu/ cont9ue to speak :ile he lives1 = !y are 8 ess5ce4 ,a true morality does n h to be adopt$2 ! p>ts ( x be/ practis$ are ^? :i* are nev] prea*$4 ,to be 8conv]t$0 w\ld be to pass f "o self-betrayal to ano!r4 ,x w\ld be to f\nd a new morality on a new artifice4 ,! morality :i* has g5u9e au?ority exi/s inevitably & speaks autonom\sly 9 e common judgm5t1 self-congratulation1 ambition1 or passion t fills ! vulg> day4 ,! pursuit ( ^? goods :i* are ! only possible or fitt+ cr[n ( a man's life is pr$et]m9$ by 8 nature2 he _c *oose a law-giv]1 nor accept "o1 = none :o spoke to ! purpose c\ld tea* him any?+ b to "k himself4 ,rational life is an art1 n a slav]y2 & t]rible z may be ! errors & ! apa?y t imp$e its successful ex]cise1 ! /&>d & goal ( x are giv5 intr9sically4 ,any task impos$ ext]nally on a man is impos$ by =ce only1 a =ce he has ! "r to defy s soon z he c d s )\t creat+ "s great] imp$im5t to 8 natural vocation4 ,sid5ote3 ,reason expresses impulses4 ,rational e?ics1 !n1 resembles pr]ational precepts & half-sy/ems 9 be+ f\nd$ on impulse4 ,x =mulates a natural morality4 ,x is a settl$ me?od ( a*iev+ ends to :i* man is drawn by virtue ( 8 physical & rational con/itution4 ,by ?is circum/ance rational e?ics is remov$ f ! bad company ( all artificial1 v]bal1 & unju/ sy/ems ( morality1 :i* 9 absolv+ !mselves f relevance to man's end[m5t & exp]i5ce m]ely %[ h[ completely irrelevant !y are to life4 ,once1 no d\bt1 ea* ( ^! arbitr>y sy/ems express$ 7l ! obs]vance ( ! ,sabba?7 "s practical int]e/ or "s n unnatural rite2 b s n>r[ a basis ( c\rse has to be dis[n$ :5 ! precepts s orig9at+ h be5 swoll5 into univ]sal tyrannical laws4 ,a rational e?ics r$uces !m at once to _! sl5d] repres5tative rle2 & x surr\nds & buttresses !m on e side ) all o!r natural ideals4 ,sid5ote3 b impulses r$uc$ to h>mony4 ,rational e?ics ?us diff]s f ! pr]ational 9 be+ complete4 ,!re is "o impulse :i* intuitive morali/s ignore3 ! impulse to reflect4 ,human in/9cts are ignorant1 multitud9\s1 & contradictory4 ,to satisfy !m z !y come is (t5 impossible1 & (t5 disa/r\s1 9 t su* satisfaction prev5ts ! satisfaction ( o!r in/9cts inh]5tly no less fecund & legitimate4 ,:5 we apply reason to life we imm$iately dem& t life be consi/5t1 complete1 & satisfactory :5 reflect$ ^u & view$ z a :ole4 ,?is view1 z x pres5ts ea* mom5t 9 its relations1 ext5ds to all mom5ts affect$ by ! action or maxim "u discussion2 x has no m gr\nd = /opp+ at ! limits ( :at is call$ a s+le life ?an at ! limits ( a s+le adv5ture4 ,to /op at selfi%ness is n p>ticul>ly rational4 ,! same pr9ciple t creates ! ideal ( a self creates ! ideal ( a family or an in/itution4 ,sid5ote3 ,self-love artificial4 ,! conflict betwe5 selfi%ness & altruism is l t betwe5 any two ideal passions t 9 "s p>ticul> may *ance to be oppos$2 b su* a conflict has no ob/9ate exi/5ce = reason4 ,= reason ! p]son itself has no ob/9ate exi/5ce4 ,! "* :i* a man a*ieves at ! be/ mom5t ( 8 life is inde$ some?+ ideal & significant2 x ju/ifies & consecrates all 8 coh]5t actions & pref]5ces4 ,b ! man's life1 ! circle drawn by biograph]s ar\nd ! c>e] ( a p>ticul> body1 f ! womb to ! *>nel-h\se1 & ar\nd ! m5tal flux t accompanies t c>e]1 is no significant unity4 ,all ! sub/ances & effici5t processes t figure )9 x come f else:]e & cont9ue beyond2 :ile all ! rational objects & int]e/s to :i* x ref]s h a trans-p]sonal /atus4 ,self-love itself is conc]n$ ) public op9ion2 & if a man conc5trates 8 view on private pleasures1 ^! may qualify ! fleet+ mom5ts ( 8 life ) an intr9sic value1 b !y leave ! life itself %apeless & inf9ite1 z if sp>ks %\ld play ov] a piece ( burnt pap]4 ,! limits assign$ to ! mass ( s5ti5ce attribut$ to ea* man are assign$ conv5tionally2 8 pr5atal feel+s1 8 =gott5 dreams1 & 8 unappropriat$ s5sations belong to 8 body & = t reason only are said to belong to him4 ,ea* impulse includ$ )9 ^! limits may be z directly comp>$ ) ! repres5t$ impulses ( o!r p z ) ! repres5t$ impulses expect$ to arise lat] 9 ! same body4 ,reason lives among ^! repres5t$ values1 all ( :i* h _! c]ebral seat & pres5t efficacy ov] ! pass+ ?\ght2 & reason tea*es ?is pass+ ?\ght to believe 9 & to respect !m equally4 ,_! "r is n less cle>1 nor _! influ5ce less natural1 because !y may range ov] ! :ole univ]se & may await _! realisation at ! f>!/ b\nd>ies ( "t4 ,all t is physically requisite to _! op]ation is t !y %\ld be vividly repres5t$2 :ile all t is requisite rationally1 to ju/ify !m 9 qualify+ actual life by _! influ5ce1 is t ! pres5t act %\ld h "s t5d5cy to br+ ! repres5t$ values ab\t4 ,9 o!r words1 a rational m9d w\ld consid]1 9 its judgm5t & action1 e int]e/ :i* t judgm5t or action at all affect$2 & x w\ld conspire ) ea* repres5t$ good 9 proportion1 n to t good's intr9sic importance1 b to ! p[] :i* ! pres5t act might h ( help+ to realise t good4 ,sid5ote3 ,! sanction ( reason is happ9ess4 ,if pleasure1 because x is commonly a result ( satisfi$ in/9ct1 may by a figure ( spee* be call$ ! aim ( impulse1 happ9ess1 by a l figure1 may be call$ ! aim ( reason4 ,! direct aim ( reason is h>mony2 yet h>mony1 :5 made to rule 9 life1 gives reason a noble satisfaction :i* we call happ9ess4 ,happ9ess is impossible & ev5 inconceivable to a m9d )\t scope & )\t pause1 a m9d driv5 by crav+1 pleasure1 & fe>4 ,! morali/s :o speak disp>ag+ly ( happ9ess are less sublime ?an !y ?9k4 ,9 tru? _! philosophy is too lightly balla/$1 too mu* f$ on prejudice & quibbles1 = happ9ess to fall )9 its range4 ,happ9ess implies res\rce & security2 x c be a*iev$ only by discipl9e4 ,y\r intuitive morali/ rejects discipl9e1 at lea/ discipl9e ( ! consci5ce2 & he is puni%$ by hav+ no li5 on wisdom4 ,he tru/s to ! cla% ( bl9d =ces 9 collision1 be+ "o ( !m himself4 ,he dem&s t virtue %\ld be p>tisan & unju/2 & he dreams ( cru%+ ! adv]s>y 9 "s physical cataclysm4 ,su* grop+ en?usiasm is (t5 innoc5t & romantic2 x captivates u ) its y\?ful spell4 ,b x has no /ructure ) :i* to resi/ ! %ocks ( =tune1 :i* x goes out s jauntily to meet4 ,x turns only too (t5 into vulg>ity & worldl9ess4 ,a sn[-flake is soon a smudge1 & !re is a deep] purity 9 ! diamond4 ,happ9ess is hidd5 f a free & casual w2 x belongs r to "o *a/5$ by a long education & unfold$ 9 an atmosph]e ( sacr$ & p]fect$ in/itutions4 ,x is discipl9e t r5d]s m5 rational & capable ( happ9ess1 by suppress+ )\t hatr$ :at ne$s to be suppress$ to atta9 a beautiful naturalness4 ,discipl9e discr$its ! r&om pleasures ( illusion1 hope1 & triumph1 & sub/itutes ^? :i* are self-reproductive1 p]5nial1 & s]5e1 because !y express an equilibrium ma9ta9$ ) reality4 ,s long z ! result ( endeav\r is p>tly un=ese5 & un9t5tional1 s long z ! w is p>tly bl9d1 ! ,life ( ,reason is /ill swaddl$ 9 ignom9y & ! animal b>ks 9 ! mid/ ( human disc\rse4 ,wisdom & happ9ess consi/ 9 hav+ reca/ natural en]gies 9 ! furnace ( exp]i5ce4 ,nor is ?is exp]i5ce m]ely a repressive =ce4 ,x en%r9es ! successful expressions ( _s z well z ! %ocks & vetoes ( circum/ance2 x enables a man to "k himself 9 kn[+ ! _w & to discov] 8 ideal by ! v r+1 true or false1 ( =tune's co94 ,sid5ote3 ,moral sci5ce imp$$ by its *aotic data4 ,) ?is brief acc\nt we may leave ! subject ( rational e?ics4 ,its developm5t is impossible save 9 ! concrete1 :5 a legislator1 />t+ f extant int]e/s1 consid]s :at practices s]ve to r5d] ^? int]e/s vital & g5u9e1 & :at ext]nal alliances might l5d !m support & a m glori\s expression4 ,! difficulty 9 c>ry+ rational policy v f> comes p>tly f ! refractory mat]ials at h&1 & p>tly f ! n>r[ range )9 :i* moral sci5ce is usually conf9$4 ,! mat]ials are individual wills naturally f> f unanim\s1 lo/ = ! mo/ "p 9 frivol\s pleasures1 rivalries1 & sup]/itions1 & little incl9$ to li/5 to a law-giv] t1 l a new ,lycurgus1 %\ld speak to !m ( unanimity1 simplicity1 discipl9e1 & p]fection4 ,devotion & s+lem9d$ness1 p]haps possible 9 ! cloi/]1 are h>d to e/abli% 9 ! _w2 yet a rational morality requires t all lay activities1 all sweet temptations1 %\ld h _! voice 9 ! conclave4 ,morality becomes rational precisely by refus+ ei!r to accept human nature1 z x spr\ts1 altoge!r )\t h>mony1 or to mutilate x 9 ! ha/e to make x h>moni\s4 ,! condition1 !re=e1 ( mak+ a beg9n+ 9 good politics is to f9d a set ( m5 ) well-knit "* & cog5t traditions1 s t !re may be a firm soil to cultivate & t lab\r may n be wa/$ 9 pl\gh+ ! quicks&s4 ,sid5ote3 & its unrecognis$ scope4 ,:5 su* a />t+-po9t is giv51 moral values radiate f x to ! v ends ( ! univ]se2 & a failure to appreciate ! range ov] :i* rational e/imation spreads is a second ob/acle to s\nd e?ics4 ,because ( ?is failure ! e>ne/ s\l is too (t5 int5t on escap+ to heav51 :ile ! gross politician is suff]$ to declaim ab\t ! national hon\r1 & to promise ?is cli5t an (fice1 ?is di/rict a fav\r1 & ?is class an iniquit\s advantage4 ,politics is expect$ to be sophi/ical2 & 9 ! sob]e/ p>liam5ts h>dly an argum5t is us$ or an ideal invok$ :i* is n an insult to reason4 ,majorities "w by a sy/em ( bribes (f]$ to ! m b>r5 int]e/s ( m5 & to _! m blatant prejudices4 ,! high] direction ( _! lives is relegat$ to religion1 :i*1 unhappily1 is apt to suff] f h]$it>y bl9dness to natural ne$s & to possible progress4 ,! idea t religion1 z well z art1 indu/ry1 nationality1 & sci5ce1 %\ld exi/ only = human life's sake & 9 ord] t m5 may live bett] 9 ?is _w1 is an idea n ev5 moot$ 9 politics & p]haps oppos$ by an (ficial philosophy4 ,! ent]prise ( individuals or ( small ari/ocratic bodies has meantime s[n ! _w :i* we call civilis$ ) "s se$s & nuclei ( ord]4 ,!re are scatt]$ ab\t a v>iety ( *ur*es1 indu/ries1 academies1 & gov]nm5ts4 ,b ! univ]sal ord] once dreamt ( & nom9ally almo/ e/abli%$1 ! empire ( univ]sal peace1 all-p]meat+ rational art1 & philosophical wor%ip1 is m5tion$ no m4 ,an un=mulat$ conception1 ! pr]ational e?ics ( private privilege & national unity1 fills ! backgr\nd ( m5's m9ds4 ,x repres5ts feudal traditions r ?an ! t5d5cy really involv$ 9 contempor>y indu/ry1 sci5ce1 or philan?ropy4 ,^? d>k ages1 f :i* our political practice is d]iv$1 _h a political !ory :i* we %\ld d well to /udy2 = _! !ory ab\t a univ]sal empire & a ca?olic *ur* 0 9 turn ! e*o ( a =m] age ( reason1 :5 a few m5 consci\s ( rul+ ! _w _h = a mom5t s\ght to survey x z a :ole & to rule x ju/ly4 ,mod]n rational e?ics1 h[ev]1 or :at approa*es mo/ ne>ly to su* a ?+1 has "o advantage ov] ! anci5t & m$ival2 x has pr(it$ by ,*ri/ian discipl9e & by ! great] g5tl5ess ( mod]n mann]s4 ,x has recognis$ ! rights ( ! dumb majority2 x has revolt$ aga9/ cruelty & prev5table suff]+ & has b5t itself on diffus+ well-be+--! well-be+ t p want1 & n ! s-call$ virtues :i* a sup]cili\s ari/ocracy may f9d x conv5i5t to prescribe = !m4 ,x has bas$ e?ics on ! f\ndation on :i* actual morality re/s2 on nature1 on ! necessities ( social life1 on ! human in/9cts ( sympa?y & ju/ice4 ,sid5ote3 ,fallacy 9 democratic h$onism4 ,x is all ! m to be regrett$ t ! only mod]n s*ool ( e?ics :i* is humane & hone/ly int]e/$ 9 progress %\ld h giv5 a bad te*nical expression to its g5]\s pr9ciples & %\ld h sub/itut$ a dubi\s psy*ology = ,socratic dialectic4 ,! m]e fact t somebody some:]e enjoys or dislikes a ?+ _c give direction to a rational w4 ,t fact indicates a moral situation b does n prescribe a def9ite action4 ,a p>tial h>mony or maladju/m5t is !reby prov$ to exi/1 b ! me?od is n reveal$ by :i* ! h>mony %\ld be su/a9$ or ! maladju/m5t remov$4 ,a giv5 h>mony c be su/a9$ by leav+ ?+s z !y are or by *ang+ !m toge!r4 ,a maladju/m5t c be remov$ by alt]+ ! environm5t or by alt]+ ! man4 ,pleasures may be atta*$ to any?+1 & to pursue !m 9 ! ab/ract does n help to def9e any p>ticul> l9e ( conduct4 ,! p>ticul> ideal pre-exi/s 9 ! obs]v]2 ! ma!matics ( pleasure & pa9 _c oblige him1 = in/ance1 to pref] a hundr$ units ( m9dless pleasure enjoy$ 9 dreams to fifty units diffus$ ov] lab\r & disc\rse4 ,he ne$ n limit 8 ef=ts to spread+ ne$less com=ts & silly pleasures among ! million2 he ne$ n accept = a goal a *ild's caprices multipli$ by inf9ity4 ,ev5 ^! caprices1 pleasures1 & com=ts d\btless h _! claims2 b ^! claims h to be adjudicat$ by ! ag5t's autonom\s consci5ce1 & he w give !m ! place !y fill 9 8 hone/ ideal ( :at x w\ld be be/ to h 9 ! _w1 n ! place :i* !y might pret5d to usurp !re by a sort ( physical pressure4 ,a consci5ce is a liv+ function1 express+ a p>ticul> nature2 x is n a passive m$ium :]e het]og5e\s values c f9d _! balance by virtue ( _! dead weight & numb]4 ,a morali/ is call$ ^u1 fir/ ( all1 to decide 9 :at ?+s pleasure ought to be f\nd4 ,( c\rse 8 decision1 if he is rational1 w n be arbitr>y2 x w consci5ti\sly express 8 own nature--on :i* alone hone/ ideals c re/--)\t attempt+ to speak = ! deaf5+ & incon/ant convocation ( ! :ole s5ti5t univ]se4 ,duty is a matt] ( self-k1 n ( /ati/ics4 ,a liv+ & p>ticul> w !re9 discov]s its aff9ities1 broad5s its basis1 ackn[l$ges its obligations1 & co-op]ates ) ev]y?+ t w co-op]ate ) x2 b x cont9ues ?r\gh\t to unfold a p>ticul> life1 f9d+ its supports & ext5sions 9 ! /ate1 ! arts1 & ! univ]se4 ,x _c = a mom5t r5\nce its autonomy )\t r5\nc+ reason & p]haps decree+ ! ext9ction bo? ( its own bodily basis & ( its ideal me?od & policy4 ,sid5ote3 ,sympa?y a conditional duty4 ,utilit>ianism ne$s to be transf]r$ to ,socratic & dialectical gr\nd1 s t int]e/ 9 abs5t int]e/s may take its place 9 a concrete ideal4 ,x is a noble ?+ to be s5sitive to o!rs' h>d%ips1 & happy 9 _! happ9ess2 b x is noble because x ref9es ! natural w )\t enfeebl+ x1 (f]+ x r a new & cong5ial developm5t1 "o entirely pr$et]m9$ by ! fundam5tal /ructure ( human nature4 ,7 man n greg>i\s1 7 he n made to be *ild1 fri5d1 husb&1 & fa!r by turns1 8 morality w\ld n be social1 b1 l t ( "s silk-worm or "s s]aph1 :olly indu/ri\s or :olly contemplative4 ,p>5tal & sexual in/9cts1 social life & ! gift ( co-op]ation c>ry sympa?y implicitly ) !m1 z !y c>ry ! v faculty to recognise a fell[-be+4 ,to make ?is sympa?y explicit & to f9d "o's happ9ess 9 ex]cis+ x is to lay "o's f\ndations deep] 9 nature & to exp& ! range ( "o's be+4 ,its limits1 h[ev]1 w\ld be brok5 d[n & moral dissolution w\ld set 9 if1 =gett+ 8 humanity1 a man %\ld bid all liv+ creatures lapse ) him into a delici\s torpor1 or run into a cycle ( pleasant dreams1 s int5se t dea? w\ld be sure to prec$e any awak5+ out ( !m4 ,great z may be ! advance 9 *>ity s9ce ! days ( ,socrates1 !re=e1 ! advance is )9 ! l9es ( 8 me?od2 to trespass beyond !m w\ld be to rec$e4 ,?is situation is repeat$ on a broad] /age4 ,a /atesman entru/$ ) p[] %\ld reg>d no?+ b 8 c\ntry's int]e/s2 to reg>d any?+ else w\ld be treason4 ,he _c all[ =eign s5tim5t or private hobbies to make him misapply ! res\rces ( 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 to _! own injury4 ,b he may well h an enlight5$ view ( ! int]e/s :i* he s]ves2 he might inde$ be expect$ to take a m pr(\nd & enlight5$ view ( !m ?an 8 c\ntrym5 7 commonly capable (1 else he w\ld h no "r to 8 em95t /ation4 ,he %\ld be ! fir/ to feel t to inflict injury or fo/] hatr$ among o!r populations %\ld n be a portion ( a p's happ9ess4 ,a nation1 l a man1 is some?+ ideal4 ,inde/ructible m\nta9s & valleys1 crawl$ ov] by any sort ( race1 d n con/itute its id5tity4 ,its ess5ce is a c]ta9 _s1 & only :at ent]s into ?is _s c b9d x morally1 or pres]ve x4 ,sid5ote3 ,all life1 & h5ce "r life1 f9ite & p>ticul>4 ,if a drop ( wat] conta9s a million worlds :i* ,i1 9 swall[+1 may ru9 or trans=m1 t is ,allah's bus9ess2 m9e is to cl>ify my own int5t1 to cl+ to :at ideals may lie )9 ! circle ( my exp]i5ce & practical imag9ation1 s t ,i may h a natural gr\nd = my loyalties1 & may be con/ant 9 !m4 ,x w\ld n be a rational ambition to wi% to multiply ! population ( ,*9a by two1 or t ( ,am]ica by tw5ty1 aft] asc]ta9+ t life !re conta9$ an ov]plus ( pleasure4 ,to we$ a g>d51 h[ev]1 w\ld be rational1 ?\gh ! we$s & _! int]e/s w\ld h to be sacrific$ 9 ! process4 ,utilit>ianism took up false gr\nd :5 x made "r conduct t]m9ate 9 miscellane\s pleasures & pa9s1 z if 9 _! isolation !y con/itut$ all t morality _h to consid]1 & z if respect (f]$ to !m1 someh[ 9 proportion to _! quantity1 7 ! true consci5ce4 ,! true consci5ce is r an integrat$ natural w1 *a/5$ by cle> k ( :at x pursues & may atta94 ,:at morality has to consid] is ! =m ( life1 n its quantity4 ,9 a _w t is p]haps inf9ite1 moral life c spr+ only f def9ite c5tres & is nei!r call$ ^u nor able to e/imate ! :ole1 nor to r$ress its balance4 ,x is ! free _s ( a "p1 f9d+ its aff9ities & equilibrium 9 ! mat]ial :ole :i* x reacts on1 & :i* x is 9 t measure enabl$ to und]/&4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote ,h3 ,laws4 ,,vii4 #hjc4 ,b4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,po/-,,rational ,,morality ,sid5ote3 ,socratic e?ics retrospective4 ,:5 ,socrates & 8 two great disciples compos$ a sy/em ( rational e?ics !y 7 h>dly propos+ practical legislation = mank9d4 ,"o by 8 irony1 ano!r by 8 frank idealism1 & ! ?ird by 8 prepond]at+ int]e/ 9 hi/ory & analysis1 %[$ cle>ly en\gh h[ little !y d>$ to hope4 ,!y 7 m]ely writ+ an eloqu5t epitaph on _! c\ntry4 ,!y 7 publi%+ ! pr9ciples ( :at _h be5 its life1 ga!r+ pi\sly its brok5 ideals1 & int]pret+ its mom5t>y a*ievem5t4 ,! _s ( lib]ty & co-op]ation 0 already dead4 ,! private citiz51 debau*$ by ! l>gesses & petty qu>rels ( 8 city1 _h become indol5t & mean-spirit$4 ,he _h begun to "q ! utility ( religion1 ( patriotism1 & ( ju/ice4 ,hav+ all[$ ! organ = ! ideal to atrophy 9 8 s\l1 he c\ld dream ( f9d+ "s sull5 sort ( happ9ess 9 unreason4 ,he felt t ! au/]e glories ( 8 c\ntry1 z a ,sp>tan regim5 might h pres]v$ !m1 w\ld n b5efit t bas] "p ( him :i* alone rema9$4 ,political virtue seem$ a useless tax on 8 mat]ial pr(it & fre$om4 ,! t$ium & di/ru/ prop] to a dis9tegrat$ society began to drive him to artificial excitem5ts & sup]/itions4 ,democracy _h le>n$ to reg>d z enemies ! few 9 :om public int]e/ 0 /ill repres5t$1 ! few ^: nobl] temp] & traditions /ill co9cid$ ) ! g5]al good4 ,^! la/ patriots 7 gradually bani%$ or ext]m9at$1 & ) !m di$ ! _s t rational e?ics _h express$4 ,philosoph]s 7 no long] suff]$ to h illusions ab\t ! /ate4 ,human activity on ! public /age _h %ak5 (f all allegiance to art or reason4 ,sid5ote3 ,rise ( disillusion$ moralities4 ,! biograph] ( reason might well be tempt$ to ignore ! subsequ5t attitudes into :i* moral life fell 9 ! ,we/1 s9ce !y all embodi$ a m or less complete despair1 &1 hav+ ab&on$ ! ef=t to express ! w hone/ly & dialectically1 !y c\ld support no moral sci5ce4 ,! po9t 0 m]ely to console or deceive ! s\l ) "s sub/itute = happ9ess4 ,life is old] & m p]si/5t ?an reason1 & ! failure ( a fir/ exp]im5t 9 rationality does n deprive mank9d ( t m5tal & moral vegetation :i* !y possess$ = ages 9 a wild /ate be=e ! adv5t ( civilisation4 ,!y m]ely rev]t to _! uncivil condition & esp\se :atev] imag9ative ideal comes to h&1 by :i* "s semblance ( mean+ & beauty may be giv5 to exi/5ce )\t ! lab\r ( build+ ?is mean+ & beauty sy/ematically out ( its positive elem5ts4 ,n to /udy ^! imag9ative ideals1 p>tial & arbitr>y z !y are1 w\ld be to miss "o ( ! mo/ in/ructive po9ts ( view f :i* ! ,life ( ,reason may be survey$3 ! po9t ( view ( its satiri/s4 ,= moral ideals may foll[ ^u philosophy1 j z !y may prec$e x4 ,:5 !y foll[1 at lea/ s long z !y are consci\sly embrac$ 9 view ( reason's failure1 !y h a q p>ticul> value4 ,av]sion to rational ideals does n !n come1 z ! intuitioni/'s av]sion does1 f moral incoh]5ce or religi\s prejudice4 ,x does n come f lack ( speculative p[]4 ,on ! contr>y1 x may come f undue ha/e 9 speculation1 f a too ready appreh5sion ( ! visible m>* ( ?+s4 ,! obvi\s irrationality ( nature z a :ole1 too pa9fully br\ght home to a mus+ m9d1 may make x =get or abdicate its own rationality4 ,9 a decad5t age1 ! philosoph] :o surveys ! _w & sees t ! end ( x is ev5 z ! beg9n+1 may n feel t ! int]v5+ episode1 9 :i* he & all he values aft] all figure1 is wor? consid]ation2 & he may cry1 9 8 contemplative sple51 t all is vanity4 ,if y %\ld /ill confront him ) a !ory ( ! ideal1 he w\ld n be r$uc$1 l ! pre-rational morali/s 9 a simil> case1 to m]e inatt5tion & blu/]4 ,if y told him t e art & e activity involves a congru\s good1 & t ! endeav\r to realise ! ideal 9 e direction is an ef=t ( :i* reason necess>ily approves1 s9ce reason is no?+ b ! me?od ( t endeav\r1 he w\ld n ne$ to d5y y\r /atem5ts 9 ord] to ju/ify himself4 ,he might admit ! naturalness1 ! spontaneity1 ! ideal suffici5cy ( y\r conceptions2 b he might add1 ) ! smile ( ! eld] & ! sadd] man1 t he _h exp]i5ce ( _! futility4 8,y ,hell5is]s10 he might say1 8are b *ildr52 y h n pond]$ ! little hi/ory y "k4 ,if ?\ght 7 conv]sant ) reality1 if virtue 7 /able & fruitful1 if pa9s & policy 7 ultimately ju/ifi$ by a great] good aris+ out ( !m--!n1 inde$1 a life accord+ to reason might tempt a philosoph]4 ,b un=tunately n "o ( ^? fond assumptions is true4 ,human ?\ght is a mean+less phantasmagoria4 ,virtue is a spl5did & labori\s folly1 :5 x is n a pomp\s g>m5t t only looks respectable 9 ! d>k1 be+ 9 tru? full ( spots & ridicul\s pat*es4 ,m5's be/ laid plans become1 9 ! casual cross-curr5ts ( be+1 ! occasion ( _! bitt]e/ calamities4 ,h[1 !n1 live8 ,h[ ju/ify 9 our eyes1 let u n say ! ways ( ,god1 b our own ways80 ,sid5ote3 ,! illusion subsi/+ 9 !m4 ,su* a position may be turn$ dialectically by invok+ :atev] positive hopes or convictions ! critic may reta91 :o :ile he lives _c be :olly )\t !m4 ,b ! position is speci\s & does n collapse1 l t ( ! intuitioni/1 at ! fir/ brea? ( criticism4 ,pessimism1 & all ! moralities f\nd$ on despair1 are n pre-rational b po/-rational4 ,!y are ! "w ( m5 :o m or less explicitly h conceiv$ ! ,life ( ,reason1 tri$ x at lea/ imag9atively1 & f\nd x want+4 ,^! sy/ems are a refuge f an intol]able situation3 !y are exp]im5ts 9 r$emption4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 animal in/9cts & natural /&>ds ( excell5ce are nev] elud$ 9 !m1 = no moral exp]i5ce has o!r t]ms2 b ! "p ( ! natural ideal :i* rema9s active appe>s 9 opposition to all ! re/ &1 by an intelligible illusion1 seems to be no "p ( t natural ideal because1 comp>$ ) ! common] passions on :i* x reacts1 x repres5ts "s simpl] or m att5uat$ hope--! appeal to "s v humble or v mu* *a/5$ satisfaction1 or to an utt] *ange 9 ! conditions ( life4 ,po/-rational morality ?us con/itutes1 9 int5tion if n 9 fact1 a criticism ( all exp]i5ce4 ,x ?9ks x is n1 l pre-rational morality1 an arbitr>y selection f among co-ord9ate precepts4 ,x is an ef=t to subord9ate all precepts to "o1 t po9ts to "s s+le ev5tual good4 ,= x occurs to ! f\nd]s ( ^! sy/ems t by e/rang+ oneself f ! _w1 or re/+ 9 ! mom5t's pleasure1 or mortify+ ! passions1 or endur+ all suff]+s 9 pati5ce1 or /udy+ a p]fect con=mity ) ! c\rse ( affairs1 "o may ga9 admission to "s sort ( residual my/ical p>adise2 & ?is ?\ght1 once conceiv$1 is publi%$ z a revelation & accept$ z a panacea4 ,x becomes 9 consequ5ce 7= su* is ! =ce ( nature7 ! f\ndation ( elaborate in/itutions & elaborate philosophies1 into :i* ! cont5ts ( ! worldly life are gradually re9troduc$4 ,:5 human life is 9 an acute crisis1 ! sick dreams t visit ! s\l are ! only evid5ce ( h] cont9u$ exi/5ce4 ,?r\gh !m %e /ill envisages a good2 & :5 ! delirium passes & ! normal _w gradually re-e/abli%es itself 9 h] reg>d1 %e attributes h] reg5]ation to ! m9i/ry ( ^? phantoms1 a reg5]ation due1 9 tru?1 to ! re/or$ nutrition & circulation )9 h]4 ,9 ?is way po/-rational sy/ems1 ?\gh f\nd$ orig9ally on despair1 9 a lat] age t has =gott5 its disillusions may come to pose z ! only possible basis ( morality4 ,! philosoph]s addict$ to ea* sect1 & br\ght up "u its influ5ce1 may exhau/ criticism & sophi/ry to %[ t all fai? & ef=t w\ld be va9 unless _! p>ticul> no/rum 0 accept$2 & s a curi\s p>ty philosophy arises 9 :i*1 aft] discr$it+ nature & reason 9 g5]al1 ! sect>y puts =w>d "s my?ical e*o ( reason & nature z ! "o sav+ & necess>y tru?4 ,! positive sub/ance ( su* a doctr9e is accord+ly pre-rational & p]haps crudely sup]/iti\s2 b x is introduc$ & nom9ally support$ by a =midable indictm5t ( physical & moral sci5ce1 s t ! wret*$ idol ultimately (f]$ to our wor%ip acquires a spuri\s halo & an imput$ maje/y by be+ rais$ on a p$e/al ( inf9ite despair4 ,sid5ote3 ,epicurean refuge 9 pleasure4 ,socrates 0 /ill liv+ :5 a s*ool ( po/-rational morality arose among ! ,sophi/s1 :i* aft] pass+ quickly ?r\gh v>i\s phases1 settl$ d[n into ,epicureanism & has rema9$ ! s\rce ( a c]ta9 consolation to mank9d1 :i* if some:at *eap1 is none ! less g5u9e4 ,! pursuit ( pleasure may seem simple selfi%ness1 ) a t5d5cy to debau*]y2 & 9 ?is case ! pre-rational & in/9ctive "* ( ! maxim reta9$ w\ld be v obvi\s4 ,pleasure1 to be sure1 is n ! direct object ( an unspoil$ w2 b aft] "s exp]i5ce & discrim9ation1 a man may actually guide himself by a =eta/e ( ! pleasures he has f\nd 9 c]ta9 objects & situations4 ,! criticism requir$ to di/+ui% :at pays f :at does n pay may n (t5 be c>ri$ v f>2 b x may sometimes be c>ri$ to ! l5g? ( suppress+ e natural in/9ct & natural hope1 & ( turn+ ! philosoph]1 z x turn$ ,hegesias ! ,cyr5aic1 into a eulogi/ ( dea?4 ,! po/-rational pr9ciple 9 ! sy/em !n comes to ! =e1 & we see cle>ly t to sit d[n & reflect ^u human life1 pick+ out its pleasant mom5ts & condemn+ all ! re/1 is to initiate a c\rse ( moral retr5*m5t4 ,x is to judge :at is wor? do+1 n by ! innate ambition ( ! s\l1 b by exp]i5ce ( incid5tal feel+s1 :i* to a m9d )\t creative ideas may seem ! only objects wor?y ( pursuit4 ,t life ought to be accompani$ by pleasure & exempt f pa9 is c]ta92 = ?is means t :at is agreeable to ! :ole process ( nature w\ld h become agreeable also to ! v>i\s p>tial impulses involv$--ano!r way ( describ+ organic h>mony & physical p]fection4 ,b su* a desirable h>mony _c be def9$ or obta9$ by pick+ out & isolat+ f ! re/ ^? occasions & functions 9 :i* x may already h be5 rea*$4 ,^! p>tial h>monies may be actual arre/s or imp$im5ts 9 ! :ole :i* is to be made h>moni\s2 & ev5 :5 !y are innoc5t or helpful !y _c s]ve to det]m9e ! =m :i* ! g5]al h>mony might take on4 ,!y m]ely illu/rate its pr9ciple4 ,! organism 9 :i* ?is pr9ciple ( h>mony might f9d p]vasive expression is /ill pot5tial1 & ! ideal is some?+ ( :i*1 9 its concrete =m1 no man has _h exp]i5ce4 ,x involves a propiti\s mat]ial environm5t1 p]fect heal?1 p]fect arts1 p]fect gov]nm5t1 a m9d enl>g$ to ! k & enjoym5t ( all its ext]nal conditions & int]nal functions4 ,su* an ideal is lo/ sight ( :5 a man cultivates 8 g>d5-plot ( private pleasures1 leav+ x to *ance & b>b>ian fury to gov]n ! /ate & quick5 ! _w's passions4 ,ev5 ,ari/ippus1 ! fir/ & mo/ delightful ( h$oni/s1 :o really enjoy$ ! pleasures he advocat$ & 0 n afraid ( ! incid5tal pa9s--ev5 ,ari/ippus betray$ ! po/-rational "* ( 8 philosophy by ab&on+ politics1 mock+ sci5ce1 mak+ 8 peace ) all abuses t fo/]$ 8 com=t1 & v5t+ 8 wit on all ambitions t exce$$ 8 hopes4 ,a great temp]am5t c c>ry (f a r\gh philosophy4 ,rebellion & lic5se may di/+ui% hon\rable s\ls 9 an age ( polite corruption1 & a gra9 ( s9c]ity is bett]1 9 moral philosophy1 ?an a :ole h>ve/ ( conv5tionalities4 ,! viol5ce & %amelessness ( ,ari/ippus 7 correct$ by ,epicurus2 & a balance 0 f\nd betwe5 utt] despair & utt] irresponsibility4 ,epicureanism retr5*$ mu*3 x cut (f politics1 religion1 ent]prise1 & passion4 ,^! ?+s x convict$ ( vanity1 )\t /opp+ to di/+ui% 9 !m :at might be inord9ate f :at might be rational4 ,at ! same "t x reta9$ fri5d%ip1 fre$om ( s\l1 & intellectual light4 ,x cultivat$ unworldl9ess )\t sup]/ition & happ9ess )\t illusion4 ,x 0 t5d] t[>d simple & hone/ ?+s1 scornful & bitt] only aga9/ pret5ce & usurpation4 ,x ?us m>k$ a fir/ halt+-place 9 ! retreat ( reason1 a /age :]e ! s\l _h ?r[n (f only ! high] & m entangl+ "p ( h] burd5 & 0 will+ to live1 9 some:at r$uc$ circum/ances1 on ! rema9d]4 ,su* a philosophy expresses well ! g5u9e s5tim5t ( p]sons1 at once mild & emancipat$1 :o f9d !mselves float+ on ! ebb-tide ( "s civilisation1 & enjoy+ its fruits1 )\t any long] repres5t+ ! =ces t br\ght t civilisation ab\t4 ,sid5ote3 ,/oic rec\rse to con=mity4 ,! same emancipation1 )\t its mildness1 appe>$ 9 ! ,cynics1 ^: secret x 0 to ?r[ (f all allegiance & all dep5d5ce on circum/ance1 & to live entirely on inn] /r5g? ( m9d1 on pride & inflexible hum\r4 ,! r5unciation 0 f> m sweep+ ?an t ( ,epicurus1 & inde$ wellnigh complete2 yet ! ,/oics1 9 und]p9n+ ! ,cynical self-suffici5cy ) a sy/em ( physics1 introduc$ into ! life ( ! sect a contemplative elem5t :i* v mu* enl>g$ & ennobl$ its sympa?ies4 ,nature became a sacr$ sy/em1 ! laws ( nature be+ eulogi/ically call$ rational laws1 & ! necessity ( ?+s1 because x might be =etold 9 auguries1 be+ call$ provid5ce4 ,!re 0 "s intellectual confusion 9 all ?is2 b contemplation1 ev5 if some:at idolatr\s1 has a purify+ effect1 & ! sad & solemn review ( ! cosmos to :i* ! ,/oic daily invit$ 8 s\l1 to make x ready to face its de/9y1 d\btless lib]at$ x f _m an unwor?y passion4 ,! impressive spectacle ( ?+s 0 us$ to rem9d ! s\l ( h] special & appropriate function1 :i* 0 to be rational4 ,?is rationality consi/$ p>tly 9 insight1 to p]ceive ! necess>y ord] ( ?+s1 & p>tly 9 con=mity1 to p]ceive t ?is ord]1 :atev] x might be1 c\ld s]ve ! s\l to ex]cise itself ^u1 & to face ) equanimity4 ,despair1 9 ?is sy/em1 flood$ a mu* l>g] area ( human life2 ev]y?+1 9 fact1 0 surr5d]$ except ! w to endure :atev] might come4 ,! conc5tration 0 mu* m m>k$1 s9ce only a =mal p[] ( p]ception & defiance 0 reta9$ & made ! sph]e ( moral life2 ?is rational p[]1 at lea/ 9 !ory1 0 ! "o peak t rema9$ visible above ! deluge4 ,b 9 practice mu* m 0 reta9$4 ,"s di/9ction 0 drawn1 h[ev] unw>rantably1 betwe5 ext]nal calamities & human turpitude1 s t absolute con=mity & acceptance might n be dem&$ by ! latt]2 al?\gh ! *ief occasion :i* a ,/oic c\ld f9d to practise =titude & recognise ! omnipres5ce ( law 0 9 not+ ! univ]sal corruption ( ! /ate & div9+ its ru94 ,! obligation to con=m to nature 7:i*1 /rictly speak+1 c\ld n be disreg>d$ 9 any case7 0 int]pret$ to signify t e "o %\ld p]=m ! (fices conv5tionally atta*$ to 8 /ation4 ,9 ?is way a p]functory citiz5%ip & humanity 7 re/or$ to ! philosoph]4 ,b ! re/or$ life 0 m]ely hi/rionic3 ! ,/oic 0 a recluse p>ad+ ! m>ket-place & a monk disguis$ 9 arm\r4 ,8 int]e/ & fai? 7 c5tr$ altoge!r on 8 private spiritual condition4 ,he cultivat$ ! society ( ^? p]sons :o1 he ?\ght1 might tea* him "s virtue4 ,he att5d$ to ! affairs ( /ate s z to ex]cise 8 pati5ce4 ,he might ev5 lead an army to battle1 if he wi%$ to te/ 8 endurance & make sure t philosophy _h r5d]$ him indiff]5t to ! issue4 ,sid5ote3 ,con=mity ! core ( ,islam4 ,! /ra9 & artifice ( su* a discipl9e1 ) m]ely =mal goals & no hope on e>? or 9 heav51 c\ld n long ma9ta9 itself2 & d\btless x exi/$1 at a p>ticul> juncture1 only 9 a few s\ls4 ,resignation to ! w ( ,god1 says ,bi%op ,butl]1 is ! :ole ( piety2 yet m]e resignation w\ld make a sorry religion & ! negation ( all morality1 unless ! w ( ,god 0 und]/ood to be q diff]5t f 8 op]ation 9 nature4 ,to turn ,/oicism into a workable religion we ne$ to qualify x ) "s pre-rational maxims4 ,islam1 = in/ance1 :i* boa/s t 9 its ess5ce x is no?+ b ! primitive & natural religion ( mank9d1 consi/s 9 ab&on+ oneself to ! w ( ,god or1 9 o!r words1 9 accept+ ! inevitable4 ,?is w ( ,god is le>n$ = ! mo/ "p by obs]v+ ! c\rse ( nature & hi/ory1 & rememb]+ ! fate met$ out habitually to v>i\s sorts ( m54 ,7 ?is all1 ,islam w\ld be a pure ,/oicism1 & ,hebraic religion1 9 its ultimate phase1 w\ld be simply ! eloqu5ce ( physics4 ,x w\ld n1 9 t case1 be a moral inspiration at all1 except z contemplation & ! s5se ( "o's no?+ness might occasionally sil5ce ! passions & = a mom5t bewild] ! m9d4 ,on recov]+ f ?is impression1 h[ev]1 m5 w\ld f9d !mselves enri*$ ) no self-k1 arm$ ) no precepts1 & /imulat$ by no ideal4 ,!y w\ld be r$uc$ to enact+ _! incid5tal impulses1 z ! animals are1 q z if !y _h nev] p]ceiv$ t 9 do+ s !y 7 fulfill+ a div9e decree4 ,enlight5$ ,moslems1 accord+ly1 h (t5 be5 m ,epicurean ?an ,/oical2 & if !y h felt !mselves 7n )\t "s reason7 sup]ior to ,*ri/ians 9 delicacy1 9 savoir vivre1 9 k9%ip ) all natural p[]s1 ?is s5se ( sup]iority has be5 q rationali/ic & purely human4 ,_! religion contribut$ to x only because x 0 simpl]1 fre] f sup]/ition1 ne>] to a clean & pleasant regim5 9 life4 ,resignation to ! w ( ,god be+ grant$1 expression ( ! w ( man might m freely beg94 ,sid5ote3 envelop$ 9 arbitr>y doctr9es4 ,:at made ,islam1 h[ev]1 a positive & contagi\s novelty 0 ! assumption t ,god's w might be incid5tally reveal$ to prophets be=e ! ev5t1 s t pa/ exp]i5ce 0 n ! only s\rce f :i* its total op]ation might be ga!r$4 ,9 its opposition to gross] idolatries ,islam might appeal to exp]i5ce & *all5ge ^? :o tru/$ 9 special deities to ju/ify _! wor%ip 9 face ( ! facts4 ,! mo/ decisive facts aga9/ idolat]s1 h[ev]1 7 n yet pat5t1 b 7 de/9$ to bur/ ^u mank9d at ! la/ day--& mo/ unpleasantly = ! majority4 ,:]e ,mohamm$ speaks 9 ! "n ( ! univ]sal natural p[] he is abundantly scornful t[>d t fond paganism :i* consi/s 9 imag9+ di/9ct patrons = v>i\s regions ( nature or = sundry human activities4 ,9 turn+ to su* patrons ! pagan reg>ds some?+ purely ideal or1 z ! ,koran %rewdly obs]ves1 wor%ips 8 own passions4 ,allah1 on ! contr>y1 is ov]:elm+ly ext]nal & z f> z possible f be+ ideal4 ,he is inde$ ! giv] ( all good ?+s1 z ( all evil1 & :ile 8 m]cies are celebrat$ on e page ( ! ,koran1 ^! m]cies consi/ 9 ! indulg5ce he is expect$ to %[ to 8 fav\rites1 & ! exce$+ rew>d res]v$ = !m aft] _! e>?ly trials4 ,allah's m]cy does n exclude all ^? s5seless & unr$eem$ cruelties ( :i* nature is daily guilty2 nay1 x %9es all ! m conspicu\sly by contra/ ) 8 ess5tial irresponsibility & wanton wra?1 a "p ( 8 express purpose be+ to keep hell full ( m5 & demons4 ,! t5d5cy t[>d enlight5m5t :i* ,islam repres5ts1 & ! limits ( t enlight5m5t1 may be illu/rat$ by ! precept ab\t unclean animals4 ,allah1 we are told1 be+ m]ciful & graci\s1 made ! _w = man's use1 ) all ! animals 9 x4 ,we may !re=e ju/ly slaught] & dev\r !m1 9 s f> z comports ) heal?2 b1 ( c\rse1 we may n eat animals t h di$ a natural dea?1 nor ^? (f]$ 9 sacrifice to false gods1 nor sw9e2 = to d s w\ld be an abom9ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,! latt] alone l5d x practical =ce4 ,un=tunately religi\s re=m]s triumph n s mu* by _! rational insight z by _! halt+1 traditional maxims4 ,mohamm$ felt ! unity ( ,god l a philosoph]2 b p li/5$ to him because he prea*$ x l a sect>y4 ,god1 z he (t5 rem9ds u1 did n make ! _w = a play?+2 he made x 9 ord] to e/abli% di/9ctions & sep>ate by an imm5se int]val ! fate ( ^? :o con=m to ! tru? f ! fate ( ^? :o ignore x4 ,human life is inde$ beset ) en\gh imm95t evils to ju/ify ?is urg5t tone 9 ! ,semitic morali/ & to l5d 8 precepts a /]n practical r+1 abs5t f m]ely ,platonic idealisms4 ,b ?is /r+5cy1 :i* is call$ positivism :5 ! conditions ( welf>e are und]/ood1 becomes fanaticism :5 !y are misrepres5t$4 ,_h ,mohamm$ spok5 only ( ! dynamic unity 9 ?+s1 ! omnipres5ce ( de/9y1 & ! actual conditions ( success & failure 9 ! _w1 he w\ld n h be5 call$ a prophet or h _h m ?an a doz5 intellig5t foll[]s1 scatt]$ ov] z _m c5turies2 b ! weakness ( 8 intellect1 & 8 ignorance ( nature1 made ! success ( 8 mission4 ,x is easi] to k9dle righte\s indignation aga9/ abuses :51 by abat+ !m1 we fur!r our p]sonal int]e/s2 & ,mohamm$ might h be5 less zeal\s 9 d5\nc+ false gods _h 8 own ,god be5 altoge!r ! true "o4 ,b1 9 ! heat ( 8 militancy1 he desc5ds s f> z to speak ( ,god's int]e/s :i* ! fai?ful embrace1 & ( fight+ 9 ,god's cause4 ,by ^! notions1 s crudely pre-rational1 we are all[$ to int]pret & disc\nt ! pan!i/ic sublimities ) :i* 9 mo/ places we are regal$2 & 9 ord] t a morality1 too weak to be human1 may n )] altoge!r 9 ! fi]ce light ( ! ,absolute1 we are l$ to humanise ! ,absolute into a f9ite =ce1 ne$+ our support aga9/ indep5d5t enemies4 ,s complete is ! bankruptcy ( t ,/oic morality :i* ?9ks to live on ! wor%ip ( ,t :i* ,is4 ,sid5ote3 ,moral ambiguity 9 pan!ism4 ,z extremes are said to meet1 s we may say t a radical position is (t5 ! po9t ( dep>ture = opposite sy/ems4 ,pan!ism1 or religion & morality abdicat+ 9 fav\r ( physics1 may1 9 practice1 be int]pret$ 9 contr>y ways4 ,to be 9 sympa?y ) ! ,:ole may seem to require u to outgr[ & disc>d e "p2 yet1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is no obvi\s reason :y ,be+ %\ld love its ess5ce 9 a fa%ion t involves hat+ e possible =m ( ,be+4 ,! wor%ipp] ( ,be+ accord+ly assumes n[ "o1 n[ ! o!r1 ( two opposite attitudes1 accord+ z ! society 9 :i* he lives is 9 a pr]ational or a po/-rational /ate ( culture4 ,pan!ism is int]pret$ pre-rationally1 z by ! e>ly ,mohamm$ans1 or by ! ,hegelians1 :5 p are n yet acqua9t$1 or n yet disgu/$1 ) worldl9ess2 ! ,absolute !n seems to l5d a my/ical sanction to :atev] exi/5ces or t5d5cies happ5 to be afoot4 ,morality is r$uc$ to sanction+ reign+ conv5tions1 or reign+ passions1 on ! au?ority ( ! univ]se4 ,?us ! ,moslems1 by way ( s]v+ ,allah1 c\ld ext5d _! conque/s & cultivate ! arts & pleasures cong5ial to a self-suffic+ s\l1 at once indol5t & fi]ce2 :ile ! transc5d5tali/s ( our times1 by way ( accept+ _! "p 9 ! div9e bus9ess1 h m]ely add$ a c]ta9 speculative l(t9ess to ! maxims ( "s sect or ! *auv9ism ( "s nation4 ,sid5ote3 ,"u /ress1 x becomes ascetic & requires a my?ology4 ,to accept ev]y?+1 h[ev]1 is n an easy nor a tol]able ?+1 unless y are naturally well pleas$ ) :at falls to y\r %>e4 ,h[ev] ! ,absolute may feel1 a moral creature has to hate "s =ms ( be+2 & if ! age has ?ru/ ^! =ms be=e a man's eyes1 & impos$ !m ^u him1 n be+ suff]$ by 8 pan!ism to blame ! ,absolute he w 7by an inconsi/5cy7 take to blam+ himself4 ,x w be 8 f9itude1 8 inord9ate claims1 8 enorm\s effront]y 9 hav+ any w or any pref]5ce 9 p>ticul>1 t w seem to him ! s\rce ( all evil & ! s+le blot on ! inf9ite lucidity ( ?+s4 ,pan!ism1 "u ^! circum/ances1 w issue 9 a po/-rational morality4 ,x w practise asceticism & look = a my/ical deliv]ance f f9ite exi/5ce4 ,"u ^! circum/ances my? is inevitably re9troduc$4 ,)\t x1 no consolation c\ld be f\nd except 9 ! prospect ( dea? &1 await+ t1 9 incid5tal natural satisfactions2 :]eby absorption 9 ! ,absolute might come to look n only impossible b di/9ctly undesirable4 ,to make retreat out ( human nature seem a possible vocation1 ?is nature itself mu/1 9 "s my?1 be repres5t$ z unnatural2 ! s\l t ?is life /ifles mu/ be said to come f else:]e & to be fitt$ to brea! "s elem5t f> r>] & f9] ?an ?is sublun>y fog4 ,sid5ote3 ,a sup]natural _w made by ! ,platoni/ out ( dialectic4 ,a curi\s foo?old = su* a my? 0 furni%$ by ! ,socratic philosophy4 ,plato1 waft$ by 8 poetic vision too f>1 p]haps1 f ! utilit>ianism ( 8 ma/]1 _h eulogis$ concretions 9 disc\rse at ! exp5se ( exi/5ces & _h ev5 play$ ) cosmological my?s1 meant to express ! values ( ?+s1 by speak+ z if ^! values _h br\ght ?+s into be+4 ,! dialectical t]ms ?us contra/$ ) natural objects1 & pictur$ z natural p[]s1 furni%$ ! dogmas ne$$ at ?is juncture by a po/-rational religion4 ,! spell :i* dialectic c ex]cise ov] an ab/ract$ m9d is itself great2 & x may gr[ into a sacr$ influ5ce & a positive revelation :5 x (f]s a sanctu>y f a we>y life 9 ! _w4 ,out ( ! play ( notions c>ri$ on 9 a pray]ful dream wond]ful my/]ies c be con/ruct$1 to be pres5tly ann\nc$ to ! p & made ! core ( sacram5tal injunctions4 ,:5 ! tide ( vulg> sup]/ition is at ! flood & e =m ( quack]y is welcome1 we ne$ n wond] t a !osophy hav+ s respectable a core--some?+1 inde$1 l a true logic misund]/ood--%\ld ga9 _m adh]5ts4 ,out ( ! names ( ?+s & ( virtues a my/ic ladd] c\ld be con/ruct$ by :i* to leave ! ?+s & ! virtues !mselves beh9d2 b ! sagacity & exig5cies ( ! s*ool w\ld n fail to arrange ! /eps 9 ?is progress--! end ( :i* 0 unatta9able except1 p]haps1 9 a mom5t>y ec/asy--s t ! obvi\s duties ( m5 w\ld cont9ue1 = ! nonce1 to be impos$ ^u !m4 ,! *ief diff]5ce made 9 morals w\ld be only ?is3 t ! positive occasions & sanctions ( good conduct w\ld no long] be m5tion$ ) respect1 b ! imag9ation w\ld be invit$ to dwell in/ead on my/ical issues4 ,sid5ote3 ,! ,h]braic cry = r$emption4 ,neo-,platonic morality1 ?r\gh a ?\s& le>n$ & vulg> *annels1 p]meat$ ,*ri/ianity & entirely trans=m$ x4 ,orig9al ,*ri/ianity 01 ?\gh 9 ano!r s5se1 a religion ( r$emption4 ,! ,jews1 )\t dream+ ( orig9al s9 or ( any inh]5t curse 9 be+ f9ite1 _h f\nd !mselves (t5 9 ! sore/ mat]ial /raits4 ,!y hop$1 l all primitive peoples1 t relief might come by propitiat+ ! deity4 ,!y knew t ! s9s ( ! fa!rs 7 visit$ ^u ! *ildr5 ev5 to ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ation4 ,!y _h accept$ ?is idea ( jo9t responsibility & vic>i\s atonem5t1 turn+ 9 _! unphilosophical way ?is law ( nature into a pr9ciple ( ju/ice4 ,meantime ! failure ( all _! *]i%$ ambitions _h plung$ !m into a p5it5tial mood4 ,?\gh 9 fact pi\s & virtu\s to a fault1 !y /ill look$ = rep5tance--_! own or ! _w's--to save !m4 ,?is r$emption 0 to be accompli%$ 9 ! ,hebrew _s1 ?r\gh long-suff]+ & devotion to ! ,law1 ) ! ,hebrew solid>ity1 by vic>i\s attribution ( m]its & dem]its )9 ! h\sehold ( ! fai?4 ,su* a way ( conceiv+ r$emption 0 f> m dramatic1 poignant1 & individual ?an ! ,neo-,platonic2 h5ce x 0 f> m popul> & bett] fitt$ to be a nucleus = religi\s devotion4 ,h[ev] mu*1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ianity may h insi/$ on r5\nc+ ! _w1 ! fle%1 & ! devil1 x always kept 9 ! backgr\nd ?is p]fectly ,jewi% & pre-rational crav+ = a delectable promis$ l&4 ,! j\rney might be long & ?r\gh a des]t1 b milk & honey 7 to fl[ 9 ! oasis beyond4 ,_h r5unciation be5 fundam5tal or revulsion f nature complete1 !re w\ld h be5 no mu*-trumpet$ la/ judgm5t & no mat]ial k+dom ( heav54 ,! r5unciation 0 only tempor>y & p>tial2 ! revulsion 0 only aga9/ incid5tal evils4 ,despair t\*$ no?+ b ! pres5t ord] ( ! _w1 ?\gh at fir/ x took ! extreme =m ( call+ = its imm$iate de/ruction4 ,?is 0 ! sort ( despair & r5unciation t lay at ! bottom ( ,*ri/ian rep5tance2 :ile hope 9 a new ord] ( ?is _w1 or ( "o v l x1 lay at ! bottom ( ,*ri/ian joy4 ,a tempor>y sacrifice1 x 0 ?\ght1 & a p>tial mutilation w\ld br+ ! _s miracul\sly into a fre% p>adise4 ,! pleasures nature _h grudg$ or puni%$1 grace 0 to (f] z a rew>d = fai? & pati5ce4 ,! e>?ly life :i* 0 va9 z an exp]i5ce 0 to be pr(itable z a trial4 ,normal exp]i5ce1 appropriate ex]cise = ! _s1 w\ld !reaft] beg94 ,sid5ote3 ,! two factors meet 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,*ri/ianity is ?us a sy/em ( po/pon$ rationalism1 a rationalism int]cept$ by a sup]natural v]sion ( ! conditions ( happ9ess4 ,its moral pr9ciple is reason--! only moral pr9ciple !re is2 its motive p[] is ! impulse & natural hope to be & to be happy4 ,*ri/ianity m]ely r5ews & re9/ates ^! univ]sal pr9ciples aft] a fir/ disappo9tm5t & a fir/ assault ( despair1 by op5+ up new vi/as ( accompli%m5t1 new qualities & measures ( success4 ,! ,*ri/ian field ( action be+ a _w ( grace envelop+ ! _w ( nature1 _m transitory rev]sals ( ackn[l$g$ values may take place 9 its code4 ,pov]ty1 *a/ity1 humility1 ob$i5ce1 self-sacrifice1 ignorance1 sickness1 & dirt may all acquire a religi\s wor? :i* reason1 9 its direct application1 might sc>cely h f\nd 9 !m2 yet ^! rev]s$ appreciations are m]ely incid5tal to a secret rationality1 & are ju/ifi$ on ! gr\nd t human nature1 z n[ f\nd1 is corrupt & ne$s to be purg$ & trans=m$ be=e x c safely manife/ its cong5ital in/9cts & become aga9 an au?oritative crit]ion ( values4 ,9 ! k+dom ( ,god m5 w\ld no long] ne$ to d p5ance1 = life !re w\ld be truly natural & !re ! s\l w\ld be at la/ 9 h] native sph]e4 ,?is subm]g$ optimism exi/s 9 ,*ri/ianity1 be+ a h]itage f ! ,jews2 & ^? ,prote/ant communities t h reject$ ! pagan & ,platonic elem5ts t ov]laid x h little difficulty 9 re/or+ x to prom95ce4 ,n1 h[ev]1 )\t ab&on+ ! s\l ( ! gospel2 = ! s\l ( ! gospel1 ?\gh express$ 9 ! language ( ,messianic hopes1 is really po/-rational4 ,x 0 n to m>ry & be giv5 9 m>riage1 or to sit on ?rones1 or to unravel metaphysical my/]ies1 or to enjoy any ( ! natural delights r5\nc$ 9 ?is life1 t ,*ri/ summon$ 8 disciples to ab&on all !y _h & to foll[ him4 ,!re 0 surely a deep] peace 9 8 self-surr5d]4 ,x 0 n a new ?+ ev5 among ! ,jews to use ! worldly promises ( _! exot]ic religion z symbols = inn] spiritual revolutions2 & ! *ange ( he>t involv$ 9 g5u9e ,*ri/ianity 0 n a fre% excitation ( gaudy hopes1 nor a new sort ( utilit>ian1 tempor>y au/]ity4 ,x 0 an empty+ ( ! w1 9 respect to all human desires1 s t a p]fect *>ity & contemplative ju/ice1 fall+ l ! ,fa!r's gifts ungrudg+ly on ! :ole creation1 might take ! place ( ambition1 petty morality1 & e>?ly desires4 ,x 0 a r5unciation :i*1 at lea/ 9 ,*ri/ himself & 9 8 m spiritual disciples1 did n spr+ f disappo9t$ illusion or lead to o!r unreg5]ate illusions ev5 m sure to be dispell$ by ev5ts4 ,x sprang r f a native speculative dep?1 a natural aff9ity to ! div9e fecundity1 s]5ity1 & sadness ( ! _w4 ,x 0 ! _s ( pray]1 ! k9dl9ess & insight :i* a pure s\l c fet* f contemplation4 ,sid5ote3 ,consequ5t eclecticism4 ,?is my/ical deta*m5t1 sup]v5+ on ! dogg$ old ,jewi% optimism1 gave ,*ri/ianity a d\ble aspect1 & _h "s curi\s consequ5ce 9 lat] times4 ,^? :o 7 inw>dly conv9c$--z mo/ religi\s m9ds 7 "u ! ,roman ,empire--t all e>?ly ?+s 7 vanity1 & t !y plung$ ! s\l into an abyss ( no?+ness if n ( torm5t1 c\ld1 9 view ( bright] possibilities 9 ano!r _w1 c>ry _! asceticism & _! cult ( suff]+ f>!r ?an a purely negative sy/em1 l ! ,buddhi/ic1 w\ld h all[$4 ,= a discipl9e t is look$ ^u z m]ely tempor>y c contradict nature m boldly ?an "o int5d$ to take nature's place4 ,! hope ( unimag9able b5efits to ensue c\ld drive religion to great] fr5zies ?an x c\ld h fall5 into if its object _h be5 m]ely to sil5ce ! w4 ,*ri/ianity p]secut$1 tortur$1 & burn$4 ,l a h\nd x track$ ! v sc5t ( h]esy4 ,x k9dl$ w>s1 & nurs$ furi\s hatr$s & ambitions4 ,x sanctifi$1 q l ,mohamm$anism1 ext]m9ation & tyranny4 ,all ?is w\ld h be5 impossible if1 l ,buddhism1 x _h look$ only to peace & ! lib]ation ( s\ls4 ,x look$ beyond2 x dreamt ( inf9ite blisses & cr[ns x %\ld be cr[n$ ) be=e an electrifi$ univ]se & an applaud+ ,god4 ,^! 7 rival baits to ^? :i* ! _w fi%es )1 & 7 snapp$ at1 :5 se51 ) no less avidity4 ,man1 f> f be+ fre$ f 8 natural passions1 0 plung$ into artificial ones q z viol5t & mu* m disappo9t+4 ,buddhism _h tri$ to quiet a sick _w ) an/hetics2 ,*ri/ianity s\ght to purge x ) fire4 ,ano!r consequ5ce ( comb9+1 9 ! ,*ri/ian life1 po/-rational ) pre-rational motives1 a s5se ( exile & r5unciation ) hopes ( a promis$ l&1 0 t esot]ic piety c\ld *oose betwe5 ! two factors1 ev5 :ile x gave a v]bal ass5t to ! dogmas t includ$ bo?4 ,my/ics hon\r$ ! po/-rational motive & despis$ ! pre-rational2 positivi/s clung to ! second & hat$ ! fir/4 ,to ! spiritually m9d$1 ^: religion 0 f\nd$ on actual insight & disillusion1 ! joys ( heav5 c\ld nev] be m ?an a symbol = ! intr9sic wor? ( sanctity4 ,to ! worldl+ ^? heav5ly joys 7 no?+ b a cont9uation ( ! pleasures & excitem5ts ( ?is life1 s]v+ to *oke any reflections :i*1 9 spite ( himself1 might occasionally visit him ab\t ! vanity ( human wi%es4 ,s t ,*ri/ianity1 ev5 9 its or?odox =ms1 cov]s v>i\s k9ds ( morality1 & its philosophical incoh]5ce betrays itself 9 disruptive movem5ts1 pr(\nd s*isms1 & total ali5ation on ! "p ( "o ,*ri/ian f ! inw>d fai? ( ano!r4 ,trappi/ or ,calv9i/ may be practis+ a h]oic & metaphysical self-surr5d] :ile ! busy-bodies ( _! respective cre$s are fo/]+1 9 ,god's "n1 all _! hot & miscellane\s passions4 ,sid5ote3 ,! negation ( naturalism nev] complete4 ,?is contradiction1 pres5t 9 ! ov]t morality ( ,*ri/5dom1 _c be avoid$1 h[ev]1 by tak+ refuge aga9 9 pure asceticism4 ,e po/-rational sy/em is necess>ily self-contradictory4 ,its despair _c be univ]sal nor its nihilism complete s long z x rema9s a coh]5t me?od ( action1 ) p>ticul> goals & a /eady fai? t _! atta9m5t is possible4 ,! r5unciation ( ! w mu/ /op at ! po9t :]e ! w to be sav$ makes its appe>ance3 & z ?is desire may be no less tr\blesome & insi/5t ?an any o!r1 z x may ev5 become a torm5t+ obsession1 ! my/ic is f> f ! end ( 8 illusions :5 he sets ab\t to dispel !m4 ,!re is "o rational me?od to :i*1 9 po/-rational sy/ems1 ! _w is /ill ?\ght to be docile1 "o rational endeav\r :i* nature is sure to cr[n ) success4 ,?is is ! me?od ( deliv]ance f exi/5ce1 ! ef=t aft] salvation4 ,!re is1 let u say1 a law ( ,k>ma1 by :i* m]it & dem]it accru+ 9 "o inc>nation pass on to ! next & enable ! s\l to rise cont9u\sly ?r\gh a s]ies ( /ages4 ,?us ! _w1 ?\gh call$ illusory1 is n :olly intractable4 ,x provides sy/ematically = an exit out ( its illusions4 ,on ?is rational ord9ance ( ph5om5a1 :i* is left /&+ by an imp]fect nihilism1 ,buddhi/ morality is built4 ,rational endeav\r rema9s possible because exp]i5ce is calculable & fruitful 9 ?is "o respect1 t x dissolves 9 ! pres5ce ( goodness & k4 ,simil>ly 9 ,*ri/ian e?ics1 ! way ( ! cross has def9ite /ations & a def9ite end4 ,h[ev] negative ?is end may be ?\ght to be1 ! assurance t x may be atta9$ is a remnant ( natural hope 9 ! bosom ( pessimism4 ,a complete disillusion w\ld h involv$ ! neglect ( su* an assurance1 ! d5ial t x 0 possible or at lea/ t x 0 to be realis$ "u specific conditions4 ,t conv]sion & good works lead to some?+ wor? atta9+ is a new sort ( positivi/ic hope4 ,a complete scepticism w\ld involve a d\bt1 n only conc]n+ ! exi/5ce ( su* a me?od ( salvation1 b also 7:at is m significant7 conc]n+ ! importance ( apply+ x if x 7 f\nd4 ,= to ass]t t salvation is n only possible b urg5tly necess>y1 t e s\l is n[ 9 an intol]able condition & %\ld se>* = an ultimate solution to all its tr\bles1 a re/oration to a normal & someh[ bless$ /ate--:at is ?is b to ass]t t ! nature ( ?+s has a p]man5t con/itution1 by con=mity ) :i* man may secure 8 happ9ess8 ,moreov]1 we ass]t 9 su* a fai? t ?is natural con/itution ( ?+s is discov]able 9 a suffici5t measure to guide our action to a successful issue4 ,belief 9 ,k>ma1 9 pray]1 9 sacram5ts1 9 salvation is a remnant ( a natural belief 9 ! possibility ( liv+ successfully4 ,! remnant may be small & 8express$ 9 fancy40 ,transmigration or an atonem5t may be *im]ical ideas4 ,yet ! m]e fact ( reliance ^u some?+1 ! assumption t ! _w is /eady & capable ( rational exploitation1 ev5 if 9 a sup]natural int]e/ & by semi-magical means1 am\nts to an ess5tial loyalty to po/ulates ( practical reason1 an ess5tial adh]5ce to natural morality4 ,! pret5sion to h rea*$ a po9t ( view f :i* all impulse may be criticis$ is accord+ly an unt5able pret5sion4 ,x is ab&on$ 9 ! v sy/ems 9 :i* x 0 to be mo/ ?or\ghly appli$4 ,! in/rum5t ( criticism mu/ itself be "o impulse surviv+ ! wreck ( all ! o!rs2 ! vision ( salvation & ( ! way ?i!r mu/ be "o dream among ! re/4 ,a s+le sugge/ion ( exp]i5ce is ?us accept$ :ile all o!rs are d5i$2 & al?\gh a c]ta9 purification & revision ( morality may h5ce ensue1 !re is no real p5etration to a deep] pr9ciple ?an spontane\s reason1 no revelation ( a high] end ?an ! be/ possible happ9ess4 ,"o sporadic gr[? ( human nature may be sub/itut$ = its :ole luxuriant vegetation2 "o negative or =mal elem5t ( happ9ess may be pref]r$ to ! full entele*y ( life4 ,we may see ! ,life ( ,reason r$uc$ to /raits1 made to express itself 9 a nigg>dly & fanta/ic environm5t2 b we h1 9 pr9ciple & ess5ce1 ! ,life ( ,reason /ill1 empirical 9 its basis & rational 9 its me?od1 its sub/ance impulse & its end happ9ess4 ,sid5ote3 ,spontane\s values rehabilitat$4 ,s mu* = ! umbilical cord t unites e liv+ po/-rational sy/em to ! matrix ( human hopes4 ,!re rema9s a second po9t ( contact betwe5 ^! sy/ems & rational morality3 ! re9/at$ natural duties :i* all religions & philosophies1 9 ord] to subsi/ among civilis$ peoples1 are at once oblig$ to sanction & someh[ to d$uce f _! peculi> pr9ciples4 ,! mo/ plausible evid5ce :i* a sup]natural doctr9e c give ( its tru? is ! beauty & rationality ( its moral coroll>ies4 ,x is in/ructive to obs]ve t a gospel's congruity ) natural reason & common humanity is reg>d$ z ! decisive m>k ( its sup]natural orig94 ,inde$1 7 inspiration n ! fai?ful e*o ( pla9 consci5ce & vulg> exp]i5ce !re w\ld be no means ( di/+ui%+ x f madness4 ,:atev] poetic idea a prophet />ts )1 9 :atev] intuition or analogy he f9ds a h9t ( salvation1 x is altoge!r necess>y t he %\ld ha/5 to int]pret 8 oracle 9 su* a mann] t x may sanction )\t di/urb+ ! sy/em ( indisp5sable natural duties1 al?\gh ^! natural duties1 by be+ atta*$ artificially to sup]natural dogmas1 may take on a diff]5t tone1 ju/ify !mselves by a diff]5t rhetoric1 & possibly suff] real trans=mation 9 "s m9or p>ticul>s4 ,sy/ems ( po/-rational morality are n orig9al works3 !y are v]sions ( natural morality translat$ into diff]5t metaphysical languages1 ea* ( :i* adds its peculi> flav\r1 its own g5ius & poetry1 to ! pla9 s5se ( ! common orig9al4 ,sid5ote3 ,a witness out ( ,india4 ,9 ! doctr9e ( ,k>ma1 = in/ance1 exp]i5ce ( retribution is ideally ext5d$ & made precise4 ,acts1 daily exp]i5ce tea*es u1 =m habits2 habits con/itute "*1 & ea* man's "*1 z ,h]aclitus said1 is 8 gu>dian deity1 ! artisan ( 8 fate4 ,we ne$ b raise ?is p>ticul> obs]vation to a solit>y em95ce1 aft] ! mann] ( po/-rational ?9k+2 we ne$ b imag9e x to und]lie & expla9 all o!r empirical obs]vations1 s t "* may come to figure z an absolute cause1 ( :i* exp]i5ce itself is an att5dant result4 ,su* arbitr>y emphasis laid on "s t]m ( exp]i5ce is ! s\rce ( ea* metaphysical sy/em 9 turn4 ,9 ?is case ! surviv+ dogma w h yield$ an explanation ( our environm5t no less ?an ( our /ate ( he>t by in/itut+ a deep] spiritual law1 a c]ta9 balance ( m]it & dem]it 9 ! s\l1 accru+ to x ?r\gh a s]ies ( previ\s inc>nations4 ,?is fabul\s />t+-po9t 0 ga9$ by an imag9>y ext5sion ( ! law ( moral cont9uity & natural retribution2 b :51 accept+ ?is />t+-po9t1 ! believ] w5t on to inquire :at he %\ld d to be sav$ & to cancel ! heavy debts he inh]it$ f 8 my?ical pa/1 he w\ld m]ely enum]ate ! natural duties ( man1 giv+ !m1 h[ev]1 a new sanction & conceiv+ !m z if !y emanat$ f 8 new-born metaphysical !ory4 ,?is !ory1 ap>t f a natural consci5ce & traditional code1 w\ld h be5 p]fectly b>r54 ,! notion t e s9 mu/ be expiat$ does n c>ry ) x any in=mation ab\t :at acts are s9s4 ,?is indisp5sable in=mation mu/ /ill be furni%$ by common op9ion4 ,^? acts :i* br+ suff]+ aft] !m1 ^? acts :i* ar\se ! enmity ( our fell[s &1 by a premonition ( t enmity1 ar\se our own %ame--^? are assum$ & deput$ to be s9ful2 & ! curr5t code ( morality be+ ?us borr[$ )\t begg+ leave1 ! law ( absolute retribution c be br\ght 9 to pa9t ! picture ( moral responsibility 9 m gl>+ col\rs & to ext5d ! vi/a ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts into a rhetorical inf9ite4 ,buddhi/ic morality 0 natural morality int5sifi$ by ?is =c$ s5se ( m9ute & b\ndless responsibility4 ,x 0 col\r$ also by ! negative1 pessimi/ic ju/ification :i* ?is dogma gives to moral endeav\r4 ,e virtue 0 to be view$ z m]ely remov+ guilt & alleviat+ suff]+1 k itself be+ preci\s only z a means to t end4 ,! ultimate inspiration ( "r liv+ 0 to be hope ( p]fect peace--a hope g5]\sly be/[$ by nature on e _s :i*1 be+ l9k$ to ! flux ( ?+s1 is consci\s ( *ange & susceptible ( we>9ess1 b a hope :i* ! irresponsible ,ori5tal imag9ation _h di/urb$ ) bad dreams4 ,a pa!tic fem99e quality 0 !reby imp>t$ to moral feel+2 we 7 to be good = pity's sake1 = ! sake ( a great di/ant deliv]ance f pr(\nd sorr[s4 ,sid5ote3 ,dignity ( po/-rational morality4 ,! pa!tic idiosyncrasy ( ?is religion has probably enabl$ x to t\* _m a he>t & to lift into speculation _m a life o!rwise doom$ to be q in/9ctive animal4 ,x has kept morality pure--free f t admixture ( worldly & p>tisan precepts ) :i* less pessimi/ic sy/ems are encumb]$4 ,re/ra9t c be rationally impos$ on a giv5 w only by virtue ( evils :i* w\ld be involv$ 9 its satisfaction1 by virtue1 9 o!r words1 ( "s actual dem& ^: disappo9tm5t w\ld ensue ^u inconsid]ate action4 ,to save1 to cure1 to n\ri% are duties f> less conditional ?an w\ld be a suppos$ duty to acquire or to create4 ,!re is no h>m 9 m]ely n be+1 & privation is an evil only :51 aft] we exi/1 x deprives u ( some?+ naturally requisite1 ! abs5ce ( :i* w\ld defeat int]e/s already laun*$ into ! _w4 ,if !re is some?+ 9 a purely rem$ial sy/em ( morality :i* seems "o-sid$ & extreme1 we mu/ call to m9d ! f> less excusable "o-sid$ness ( ^? moralities ( prejudice to :i* we are accu/om$ 9 ! ,occid5t--! e?ics ( irrational acquisitiv5ess1 irrational fai?1 & irrational hon\r4 ,buddhi/ic morality1 s reasonable & beautifully p]suasive1 ris+ s will+ly to ! ideal ( sanctity1 m]its 9 comp>ison ! pr(\nde/ respect4 ,x is lift$ z f> above ! crudities ( intuitionism z ! :isp]+s ( an angel are above a s*oolboy's code4 ,a c]ta9 bias & deviation f /rict reason seems1 inde$1 insep>able f any moral re=m1 f any doctr9e t is to be practically & imm$iately influ5tial4 ,socratic e?ics 0 too p]fect an expression to be mu* ( a =ce4 ,philosoph]s ^: he>ts are set on ju/ice & pure tru? (t5 he> reproa*es address$ to !m by ! fanatic1 :o contra/s ! conspicu\s *ange 9 ?is or t direction accompli%$ by 8 prea*+ ) ! app>5t impot5ce ( reason & ?\ght4 ,reason's res\rces are 9 fact s limit$ t x is usually r$uc$ to gu]illa w>f>e3 a g5]al plan ( campaign is useless :5 only insignificant =ces obey our comm&s4 ,moral progress is = t reason (t5 greate/ :5 "s nobl] passion or m =tunate prejudice takes ! lead & subdues its mean] companions )\t ne$+ to rely on ! consci\sness ( ultimate b5efits h5ce accru+ to ! :ole life4 ,s a pessimi/ic & m]ely rem$ial morality may accompli% re=ms :i* reason1 ) its broad] & mild] suasion1 might h fail$ 94 ,if c]ta9 r>e & preci\s virtues c ?us be inaugurat$1 "u ! influ5ce ( a zeal exagg]at+ its own ju/ification1 !re w be "t lat] to insi/ on ! complem5t>y tru?s & to tack 9 ! o!r direction aft] hav+ be5 c>ri$ =w>d a c]ta9 di/ance by ?is oblique advance4 ,sid5ote3 ,absurdities nev]!less involv$4 ,at ! same "t neglect ( reason is nev] )\t its dang]s & its wa/e4 ,! ,buddhi/ic sy/em itself suff]s f a fundam5tal contradiction1 because its fram]s did n ackn[l$ge ! actual limits ( retribution nor ! empirical ma*9]y by :i* b5efits & injuries are really propagat$4 ,x is an on]\s condition :i* religions mu/ fulfil1 if !y w\ld prevail 9 ! _w1 t !y mu/ h _! roots 9 ! pa/4 ,buddhism _h its mission ( salvation2 b to express ?is mission to its proselytes x 0 oblig$ to borr[ ! language ( ! fanta/ic metaphysics :i* _h prec$$ x 9 ,india4 ,! ma*9]y ( transmigration _h to s]ve z a scaffold+ to raise ! monum5t ( m]cy1 purity1 & spirituality4 ,b ?is fabul\s backgr\nd giv5 to life 0 really inconsi/5t ) :at 0 be/ 9 ! new morality2 j z 9 ,*ri/ianity ! po/-rational evangelical ideals ( r$emption & reg5]ation1 ( ! human w my/ically rev]s$1 7 radically incompatible ) ! pre-rational my?s ab\t a creation & a political provid5ce4 ,! doctr9e ( ,k>ma 0 a hypo/asis ( moral responsibility2 b 9 mak+ responsibility dynamic & all-expla9+1 ! !ory disc\nt5anc$ 9 advance ! *>itable ef=ts ( ,buddhism--! desire to in/ruct & save e fell[-creature4 ,= if all my =tunes dep5d ^u my =m] conduct1 ,i am ! sole artific] ( my de/9y4 ,! love1 ! pity1 ! sci5ce1 or ! pray]s ( o!rs c h no real influ5ce ov] my salvation4 ,!y _c dim9i% by "o tittle my necess>y suff]+s1 nor accel]ate by "o in/ant ! p]iod :i* my own action appo9ts = my deliv]ance4 ,p]haps ano!r's influ5ce might1 9 ! false _w ( "t & space1 *ange ! ord] or accid5tal ve/ure ( my moral exp]i5ces2 b _! quantity & value1 be+ ! exact c\nt]p>t ( my free m]its & dem]its1 c\ld n be affect$ at all by ^? extrane\s do+s4 ,!re=e ! empirical fact t we c help "o ano!r rema9s 9 ,buddhism 7z 9 any retributive s*eme7 only by a s]i\s inconsi/5cy2 & s9ce ?is fact is ! sanction ( :atev] moral efficacy c be attribut$ to ,buddhism1 9 sob]+1 tea*+1 & sav+ mank9d1 any?+ inconsi/5t ) x is fundam5tally repugnant to ! :ole sy/em4 ,yet on t repugnant & de/ructive dogma ( ,k>ma ,buddhism 0 condemn$ to base its in/ruction4 ,?is is ! heavy price paid = my?ical consolations1 t !y invalidate ! moral values !y are int5d$ to emphasise4 ,nature has all[$ ! innoc5t to suff] = ! guilty1 & ! guilty1 p]haps1 to die 9 "s measure unpuni%$4 ,to correct ?is imp]fection we feign a clos$ circle ( p]sonal retributions1 exactly proportionate to p]sonal des]ts4 ,b !reby1 )\t p]ceiv+ x1 we h invalidat$ all political & social responsibility1 & d5i$ t any man c be b5efit$ or injur$ by any o!r4 ,our moral ambition has ov]leap$ itself & c>ri$ u into a non-natural _w :]e morality is impot5t & unmean+4 ,sid5ote3 ,! s\l ( positivism 9 all ideals4 ,po/-rational sy/ems accord+ly m>k no real advance & (f] no g5u9e solution to spiritual enigmas4 ,! sav+ =ce ea* ( !m invokes is m]ely "s remnant ( t natural en]gy :i* animates ! human animal4 ,fai? 9 ! sup]natural is a desp]ate wag] made by man at ! l[e/ ebb ( 8 =tunes2 x is z f> z possible f be+ ! s\rce ( t normal vitality :i* subsequ5tly1 if 8 =tunes m5d1 he may gradually recov]4 ,"u ! same religion1 ) ! same po/hum\s alt]natives & my/ic h>monies hang+ ab\t !m1 diff]5t races1 or ! same race at diff]5t p]iods1 w manife/ ! mo/ opposite moral *>act]i/ics4 ,belief 9 a ?\s& hells & heav5s w n lift ! apa!tic out ( apa?y or hold back ! passionate f passion2 :ile a newly plant$ & ungall$ community1 9 bless$ =getfulness ( rew>ds or puni%m5ts1 ( cosmic ne$s or cele/ial sanctions1 w "k h[ to live *e]ily & virtu\sly = life's own sake1 putt+ to %ame ^? ?9 vatic9ations4 ,to hope = a second life1 to be _h gratis1 m]ely because ?is life has lo/ its sav\r1 or to dream ( a diff]5t _w1 because nature seems too intricate & unfri5dly1 is 9 ! end m]ely to play ) words2 s9ce ! sup]natural has no p]man5t aspect or *>m except 9 s f> z x expresses man's natural situation & po9ts to ! satisfaction ( 8 e>?ly int]e/s4 ,:at keeps sup]natural morality1 9 its bett] =ms1 )9 ! limits ( sanity is ! fact t x re9/ates 9 practice1 "u novel associations & = motives o/5sibly diff]5t1 ! v natural virtues & hopes :i*1 :5 se5 to be m]ely natural1 x _h ?r[n ov] ) contempt4 ,! new disp5sation itself1 if treat$ 9 ! same _s1 w\ld be no less contemptible2 & :at makes x g5u9ely e/eem$ is ! re/or$ au?ority ( ^? human ideals :i* x expresses 9 a fable4 ,! ext5t ( ?is moral re/oration1 ! measure 9 :i* nature is suff]$ to bloom 9 ! sanctu>y1 det]m9es ! value ( po/-rational moralities4 ,!y may preside ov] a good life1 p]sonal or communal1 :5 _! symbolism1 ?\gh cumbr\s1 is n deceptive2 :5 ! sup]natural ma*9]y br+s man back to nature ?r\gh my/ical circumlocutions1 & becomes itself a poetic e*o ( exp]i5ce & a dramatic imp]sonation ( reason4 ,! peculi> acc5t & emphasis :i* x w n cease to impose on ! obvi\s lessons ( life ne$ n !n repel ! wise/ intellig5ce4 ,true sages & true civilisations c accord+ly fl\ri% "u a disp5sation nom9ally sup]natural2 = t sup]naturalism may h become a m]e =m 9 :i* imag9ation clo!s a rational & humane wisdom4 ,sid5ote3 ,moribund dreams & p]5nial realities4 ,p :o speak only "o language h "s difficulty 9 conceiv+ t ?+s %\ld be express$ j z well 9 "s o!r2 a prejudice :i* does n necess>ily involve _! mi/ak+ words = ?+s or be+ practically misl$ by _! inflexible vocabul>y4 ,s x con/antly happ5s t sup]natural sy/ems1 :5 !y h long prevail$1 are def5d$ by p]sons :o h only natural int]e/s at he>t2 because ^! p]sons lack t speculative fre$om & dramatic imag9ation :i* w\ld all[ !m to conceive o!r m\lds = morality & happ9ess ?an ^? to :i* a respectable tradition has accu/om$ !m4 ,sceptical /atesm5 & academic s*ol>s sometimes suff] f ?is k9d ( numbness2 x is intelligible t !y %\ld mi/ake ! =ms ( culture = its pr9ciple1 especially :5 _! g5ius is n orig9al & _! *os5 function is to def5d & propagate ! local traditions 9 :i* _! :ole tra9+ has imm]s$ !m4 ,inde$1 9 ! political field1 su* conc]n = decay+ my?s may h a pa!tic ju/ification2 = h[ev] little ! life ( or dignity ( man may he jeop>dis$ by *anges 9 language1 languages !mselves are n indiff]5t ?+s4 ,!y may be closely b\nd up ) ! peculi> hi/ory & _s ( nations1 & _! disappe>ance1 h[ev] necess>y & on ! :ole propiti\s1 may m>k ! end ( "s /irr+ *apt] 9 ! _w's hi/ory4 ,^? ^: vocation is n philosophy & ^: c\ntry is n ! _w may be p>don$ = wi%+ to ret>d ! migrations ( _s1 & = look+ =w>d ) appreh5sion to a future 9 :i* _! private en?usiasms w n be und]/ood4 ,! value ( po/-rational morality1 !n1 dep5ds on a d\ble con=mity on its "p ) ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,9 ! fir/ place "s natural impulse mu/ be reta9$1 "s p>tial ideal mu/ /ill be tru/$ & pursu$ by ! prophet ( r$emption4 ,9 ! second place ! intuition ?us ga9$ & exclusively put =w>d mu/ be made ! />t+-po9t = a re/or$ natural morality4 ,o!rwise ! fai? appeal$ to w\ld be wor?less 9 its op]ation1 z well z fanciful 9 its basis1 & x c\ld nev] become a m\ld = ?\ght or action 9 a civilis$ society4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,validity ,,( ,,sci5ce ,! same despair or confusion :i*1 :5 x ov]takes human purposes1 seeks relief 9 arbitr>y s*emes ( salvation1 :5 x ov]takes human k1 may bre$ arbitr>y sub/itutes = sci5ce4 ,!re are po/-rational sy/ems ( nature z well z ( duty4 ,mo/ ( ^! are my?s h>dly wor? sep>at+ f ! po/-rational moralities !y adorn1 & h be5 suffici5tly notic$ 9 ! la/ *apt]2 b a few aspire to be critical revisions ( sci5ce1 !mselves sci5tific4 ,x may be well1 9 br++ ?is book to a close1 to review ^! propos$ revisions4 ,! validity ( sci5ce is at /ake1 & ) x ! validity ( t :ole ,life ( ,reason :i* sci5ce cr[ns1 & ju/ifies to reflection4 ,sid5ote3 ,v>i\s modes ( revis+ sci5ce4 ,!re are _m degrees & k9ds ( ?is critical retractation4 ,sci5ce may be accept$ bodily1 :ile its pres5t results are modifi$ by sugge/+ speculatively :at its ultimate results might be4 ,?is is natural philosophy or legitimate metaphysics4 ,or sci5ce may be accept$ 9 "p1 & 9 "p subject$ to control by "s o!r alleg$ vehicle ( k4 ,?is is traditional or intuitive !ology4 ,or sci5ce may be retract$ & )drawn altoge!r1 on ! gr\nd t x is b me?odological fiction1 its facts appe>ances m]ely1 & its pr9ciples t5d5cies to feign4 ,?is is transc5d5talism2 :]eupon a dilemma pres5ts itself4 ,we may be invit$ to ab/a9 f all hypo/asis or he>ty belief 9 any?+1 & to dwell only on ! consci\sness ( imag9ative activity 9 a vacuum--:i* is radical idealism4 ,or we may be assur$ t1 sci5ce be+ a dream1 we may awake f x into ano!r cosmos1 built ^u pr9ciples q ali5 to ^? illu/rat$ 9 nature or applicable 9 practice--:i* is idealism ( ! my?ical sort4 ,f9ally x may occur to u t ! criticism ( sci5ce is an integral "p ( sci5ce itself1 & t a transc5d5tal me?od ( survey1 :i* m>%als all ?+s 9 ! ord] ( _! discov]y1 f> f invalidat+ k c only s]ve to sep>ate x f incid5tal errors & to disclose ! relative importance ( tru?s4 ,sci5ce w\ld !n be rehabilitat$ by criticism4 ,! prim>y movem5t ( ! intellect w\ld n be condemn$ by t subsequ5t reflection :i* x makes possible1 & :i* collates its results4 ,sci5ce1 purg$ ( all ne$less realism & se5 9 its relation to human life1 w\ld cont9ue to (f] ! only conception ( reality :i* is p]t95t or possible to ! practical m9d4 ,we may n[ proce$ to discuss ^! v>i\s attitudes 9 turn4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce its own be/ critic4 ,a fir/ & q blameless way ( criticis+ sci5ce is to po9t out t sci5ce is incomplete4 ,t x gr[s fa/ is inde$ its commone/ boa/2 & no man ( sci5ce is s pessimi/ic z to suppose t its gr[? is ov]4 ,to wi% to supplem5t sci5ce & to reg>d its conclusions z l>gely provisional is !re=e m ?an legitimate4 ,x is actually to %>e ! _s ( inquiry & to feel ! impulse t[>d inve/igation4 ,:5 new tru?s come into view1 old tru?s are !reby re9t]pret$ & put 9 a new light2 s t ! acquisitions ( sci5ce n only admit ( revision b l\dly call = x1 n wi%+ = any o!r au?ority or v9dication ?an t :i* !y might f9d 9 ! context ( univ]sal tru?4 ,to revise sci5ce 9 ?is _s w\ld be m]ely to ext5d x4 ,no new me?od1 no transv]se philosophy1 w\ld be requisite or fitt$ = ! task4 ,k w\ld be trans=m$ by m simil> k1 n by "s v]bal manipulation4 ,yet :ile wait+ = exp]i5ce to gr[ & accumulate its lessons1 a man ( g5ius1 :o _h drunk deep ( exp]i5ce himself1 might imag9e "s ultimate syn!sis4 ,he might v5ture to c>ry out ! sugge/ions ( sci5ce & anticipate ! conclusions x w\ld rea* :5 complet$4 ,! game is c]ta9ly dang]\s1 especially if ! prophecy is utt]$ ) any air ( au?ority2 yet ) good luck & a f9e in/9ct1 su* speculation may actually op5 ! way to discov]y & may diffuse 9 advance t virtual k ( physics :i* is en\gh = moral & poetic purposes4 ,v]ification 9 detail is ne$$1 n s mu* = its own sake z to *eck speculative errors2 b :5 speculation is by *ance well direct$ & hits ^u ! sub/antial tru?1 x does all t a complet$ sci5ce w\ld d = mank9d2 s9ce sci5ce1 if ev] complet$1 w\ld imm$iately h to be summ$ up aga9 & r$uc$ to g5]alities4 ,"u ! circum/ances ( human life1 ultimate tru? mu/ =ego detail$ v]ification & mu/ rema9 speculative4 ,! curse ( mod]n philosophy is only t x has n drawn its inspiration f sci5ce2 z ! mis=tune ( sci5ce is t x has n yet saturat$ ! m9d ( philosoph]s & reca/ ! moral _w4 ,! ,greek physici/s1 pu]ile z 0 _! notion ( natural me*anism1 _h a m integral view ( ?+s4 ,!y und]/ood nature's uses & man's conditions 9 an hone/ & noble way4 ,if no s+le ph5om5on _h be5 expla9$ correctly by any philosoph] f ,?ales to ,lucretius1 yet by _! frank & /udi\s contemplation ( nature !y w\ld h lib]at$ ! human s\l4 ,sid5ote3 ,ob/ruction by ali5 traditions4 ,un=tunately ! supplem5ts to sci5ce :i* mo/ philosoph]s supply 9 our day are n conceiv$ 9 a sci5tific _s4 ,in/ead ( anticipat+ ! physics ( ! future !y cl+ to ! physics ( ! pa/4 ,!y d n /imulate u by a picture1 h[ev] fanciful1 ( :at ! analogies ( nature & politics actually po9t to2 !y seek r to pat* & dislocate curr5t physics ) "s anci5t my?1 once ! be/ physics obta9able1 f :i* !y h n le>n$ to extricate _! affections4 ,sometimes ^! survivals are int5d$ to modify sci5tific conceptions b slightly1 & m]ely to s(t5 a little ! outl9es ( a cosmic picture to :i* religion & lit]ature are n yet accu/om$4 ,!re is a s*ool ( political cons]vatives :o1 ) no specific int]e/ 9 metaphysics1 _c or d>e n break ) traditional modes ( expression1 ) ! cu/oms ( _! nation1 or ) ! cl]ical classes4 ,!y accord+ly app5d to curr5t k c]ta9 s5tim5tal po/ulates1 alleg+ t :at is e/abli%$ by tradition & :at appeals to ! he>t mu/ someh[ correspond to some?+ :i* is ne$ful & true4 ,b _! conv5tional atta*m5t to a religion :i* 9 its orig9al ess5ce 0 p]haps my/ical & revolution>y1 sc>cely modifies1 9 _! eyes1 ! sum ( practical assurances or ! aim ( human life4 ,z language ex]cises "s functions :i* sci5ce c h>dly assume 7z1 = in/ance1 9 poetry & communication7 s !ology & metaphysics1 :i* to su* m5 are no?+ b languages1 might provide = in>ticulate int]e/s1 & unite u to mu* t lies 9 ! dim p5umbra ( our workaday _w4 ,anci5t revelations & my/]ies1 h[ev] incr$ible if tak5 lit]ally1 might !re=e be suff]$ to n\ri% undi/urb$1 s long z !y did n cla% ) any cle> fact or natural duty4 ,!y might cont9ue to decorate ) a my/ical aureole ! too prosaic k]nel ( kn[n tru?4 ,sid5ote3 ,ne$less anxiety = moral int]e/s4 ,my?ology & ritual1 ) ! sundry div9ations ( poets1 might 9 fact be kept susp5d$ ) advantage ov] human passion & ignorance1 to furni% !m ) dec5t expression4 ,b once indulg$1 div9ation is apt to gr[ arrogant & dogmatic4 ,:5 its oracles h become traditional !y are almo/ inevitably mi/ak5 = sob] tru?s4 ,h5ce ! second k9d ( supplem5t (f]$ to sci5ce1 s t revelations ) :i* moral life has be5 int]tw9$ may f9d a place beside or beyond sci5ce4 ,! ef=t is hone/1 b extraord9>ily %ort-sight$4 ,:atev] value ^? revelations may h !y draw f actual exp]i5ce or inevitable ideals4 ,:5 ! gr\nd ( t exp]i5ce & ^? ideals is disclos$ by sci5ce1 no?+ ( any value is lo/2 x only rema9s to accu/om ourselves to a new vocabul>y & to %ift some:at ! associations ( ^? values :i* life conta9s or pursues4 ,revelations are necess>ily my?ical & subrational2 !y express natural =ces & human int]e/s 9 a grop+ way1 be=e ! adv5t ( sci5ce4 ,to /ick 9 !m1 :5 some?+ m hone/ & explicit is available1 is inconsi/5t ) c>+ = atta9able welf>e or und]/&+ ! situation4 ,x is to be /ubborn & neglig5t "u ! cloak ( religion4 ,^! prejudices are a drag on progress1 moral no less ?an mat]ial2 & ! s5sitive cons]vatism t fe>s !y may be indisp5sable is entangl$ 9 a pa!tic delusion4 ,x is cons]vatism 9 a %ip-wreck4 ,x has n ! insight to embrace ! f]tile pr9ciples ( life1 :i* are always ready to r5ew life aft] no matt] :at natural cata/rophe4 ,! good lagg>ds h no c\rage to /rip = ! race4 ,r ?an live o!rwise1 & live bett]1 !y pref] to nurse ! memories ( y\? & to die ) a retrospective smile ^u _! c\nt5ance4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce an imag9ative & practical art4 ,f> grav] ?an ! criticism :i* %[s sci5ce to be incomplete is t :i* %[s x to be relative4 ,! fact is und5iable1 ?\gh ! inf]5ces made f x are (t5 ra% & gratuit\s4 ,we h se5 t sci5ce is no?+ b develop$ p]ception1 int]pret$ int5t1 common-s5se r\nd$ out & m9utely articulat$4 ,x is !re=e z mu* an in/9ctive product1 z mu* a /epp+ =? ( human c\rage 9 ! d>k1 z is any inevitable dream or impulsive action4 ,l life itself1 l any =m ( det]m9ate exi/5ce1 x is altoge!r autonom\s & unju/ifiable f ! outside4 ,x mu/ lean on its own vitality2 to sanction reason !re is only reason1 & to corroborate s5se !re is no?+ b s5se4 ,inf]5tial ?\ght is a v5ture n to be approv$ (1 save by a ?\ght no less v5turesome & inf]5tial4 ,?is is once = all ! fate ( a liv+ be+--x is ! v ess5ce ( _s--to be ev] on ! w+1 borne by inn] =ces t[>d goals ( its own imag9+1 conf9$ to a pass+ appreh5sion ( a repres5t$ _w4 ,m9d1 :i* calls itself ! organ ( tru?1 is a p]man5t possibility ( error4 ,! enc\ragem5t & corroboration :i* sci5ce is alleg$ to receive f mom5t to mom5t may1 = aught x kn[s1 be simply a m +5i\s self-deception1 a =m ( t cumulative illusion by :i* madness c confirm itself1 creat+ a :ole _w1 ) an endless s]ies ( m>tyrs1 to be> witness to its sanity4 ,to insi/ on ?is situation may seem idle1 s9ce no positive doctr9e c ga9 !reby 9 plausibility1 & no p>ticul> l9e ( action 9 reasonabl5ess4 ,yet ?is transc5d5tal ex]cise1 ?is rev]sion to ! imm$iate1 may be recomm5d$ by way ( a ca?>tic1 to free ! m9d f anci5t ob/ructions & make x hungri] & m agile 9 its rational fai?4 ,scepticism is h>mless :5 x is hone/ & univ]sal2 x cle>s ! air & is a means ( reorganis+ belief on its natural f\ndations4 ,belief is an inevitable accompanim5t ( practice & int5t1 bo? ( :i* x w cl+ to all ! m closely aft] a ?or\gh criticism4 ,:5 all beliefs are *all5g$ toge!r1 ! j & necess>y ones h a *ance to /ep =w>d & to re-e/abli% !mselves alone4 ,! d\bt ca/ on sci5ce1 :5 x is an +5u\s & imp>tial d\bt1 w accord+ly s]ve to %[ :at sort ( ?+ sci5ce is1 & to e/abli% x on a sure f\ndation4 ,sci5ce w !n be se5 to be t5tative1 g5ial1 practical1 & humane1 full ( ideality & pa?os1 l e great human und]tak+4 ,sid5ote3 ,arrire-p5se 9 transc5d5talism4 ,un=tunately a se>*+ dis9tegration ( dogma1 a consci5ti\s rev]sion to ! imm$iate1 is seldom practis$ = its own sake4 ,s viol5t a di/urbance ( m5tal habits ne$s "s great social upheaval or "s revolution>y ambition to br+ x ab\t4 ,! transc5d5tal philosophy might nev] h be5 put =w>d at all1 _h its au?ors valu$ x = :at x c really accompli%4 ,! ef=t w\ld h seem$ too great & ! result too nugatory4 ,_! criticism ( k 0 n freely und]tak51 ) ! pure speculative motive ( und]/&+ & purify+ human sci5ce4 ,!y 7 driv5 on by ! malici\s psy*ology ( _! pr$ecessors1 by ! p]plexities ( a sophi/ical scepticism1 & by ! imm95t collapse ( traditional metaphysics4 ,!y 7 entic$ at ! same "t by ! hope ( f9d+ a new basis = ! religi\s my?s associat$ ) t metaphysics4 ,9 consequ5ce _! transc5d5talism 0 n a rehe>sal ( ! ,life ( ,reason1 a retrospect criticis+ & ju/ify+ ! phases ( human progress4 ,x 0 r a po/-rational sy/em ( !ology1 ! dang]\s cure to a h>mless disease1 induc+ a panic to introduce a fable4 ,! panic came f ! assumption 7a :olly gratuit\s "o7 t a spontane\s con/ructive intellect _c be a tru/wor?y in/rum5t1 t appe>ances _c be ! prop]ties ( reality1 & t ?+s _c be :at sci5ce f9ds t !y are4 ,we 7 =bidd5 to believe 9 any?+ we might discov] or to tru/ 9 any?+ we c\ld see4 ,! artificial vacuum ?us produc$ 9 ! m9d a*$ to be fill$ ) some?+1 & ( c\rse a flood ( rhetorical commonplaces 0 at h&1 :i* might ru% 9 to fill x4 ,sid5ote3 ,its romantic s9c]ity4 ,! mo/ h]oic transc5d5tali/s 7 b m51 & hav+ imag9$ t logic oblig$ !m to ab/a9 f e sort ( hypo/asis1 !y c\ld n long rema9 true to _! logic4 ,= a "t1 be+ ( a buoyant disposition1 !y might feel t no?+ c\ld be m exhil>at+ ?an to swim 9 ! void1 altoge!r free f settl$ conditions1 altoge!r ! ignorant creators ( ea* mom5t's vision4 ,su* a c>e] evid5tly af=ds all sorts ( possibilities1 except p]haps ! possibility ( be+ a c>e]4 ,b :5 a man has /ra9$ e n]ve to ma9ta9 an absolute fluidity & a pa9ful fidelity to ! imm$iate1 he c h>dly be blam$ if he lapses at la/ into "s flatt]+ my?1 & if hav+ satisfi$ himself t all sci5ce is fiction he proclaims "s fairy-tale to be ! tru?4 ,! episodes ( exp]i5ce1 n be+ due to any conceivable ma*9]y b5ea?1 might come ( m]e will+1 or at ! wav+ ( a dialectical w&4 ,yet ap>t f ?is ult]ior inconsi/5cy & backslid+ into cr$ulity1 transc5d5talism w\ld he> no?+ ( causes or gr\nds4 ,all ph5om5a exi/$ = x on "o flat level4 ,we 7 releas$ f all dogma & re9/at$ 9 ! primordial assurance t we 7 all !re 01 b )\t und]/&+ :at we 71 & )\t any means ( controll+ our de/9y1 ?\gh *e]$ by ! magnific5t feel+ t t de/9y 0 great4 ,sid5ote3 ,its con/ructive importance4 ,x is intelligible t a pure transc5d5talism ( ?is sort %\ld n be ei!r /able or popul>4 ,x may be admir$ = its analytic dep? & its p]si/5cy 9 trac+ all suppos$ exi/5ces back to ! exp]i5ce t v\*es = !m4 ,yet a _s t f9ds its only ex]cise 9 gloat+ on ! consci\sness t x is a _s1 "o t has s little skill 9 expression t x feels all its embodim5ts to be betrayals & all its symbols to be misrepres5tations1 is a _s evid5tly impot5t & confus$4 ,x is self-inhibit$1 & _c fulfil its ess5tial vocation by rea*+ an embodim5t at once def9itive & ideal1 philosophical & true4 ,we may excuse a s*ool t has done "o orig9al task s ?or\ghly z transc5d5talism has ?+ c\ld be said ( x1 w\ld be simply an integral t]m 9 ! disc\rse t describ$ x4 ,& ?is disc\rse1 ?is sad residuum ( reality1 w\ld rema9 an absolute datum )\t a gr\nd1 )\t a subject-matt]1 )\t a pa/1 & )\t a future4 ,sid5ote3 ,its futility4 ,x suffices1 !re=e1 to take ! suppos$ negative implication 9 transc5d5talism a little s]i\sly to see t x leaves no?+ /&+ b negation & imbecility2 s t we may safely conclude t su* a negative implication is gratuit\s1 & also t 9 tak+ ! transc5d5tal me?od = an in/rum5t ( recon/ruction its pr(essors 7 radically false to x4 ,!y took ! />t+-po9t ( exp]i5ce1 on :i* !y _h fall5 back1 = its ultimate deliv]ance1 & 9 rev]t+ to protoplasm !y ?\ght !y 7 ris+ to ,god4 ,! transc5d5tal me?od is m]ely retrospective2 its use is to recov] m sy/ematically conceptions already extant & inevitable4 ,x invalidates no?+ 9 sci5ce2 mu* less does x c>ry ) x any rival doctr9e ( its own4 ,e philosophy1 ev5 mat]ialism1 may f9d a transc5d5tal ju/ification1 if exp]i5ce z x develops w yield no o!r t]ms4 ,:at has reason to tremble at a dem& = its cr$5tials is surely n natural sci5ce2 x is r ^? my/ical !ologies or romantic philosophies ( hi/ory :i* aspire to take its place4 ,su* lucubrations1 ev5 if reput$ c]ta91 c sc>cely be really cr$it$ or reg>d$ 9 practice2 :ile sci5tific t5ets are necess>ily respect$1 ev5 :5 !y are decl>$ to be fictions4 ,?is nemesis is inevitable2 = ! m9d mu/ be inhabit$1 & ! ideas ) :i* sci5ce peoples x are simply its involunt>y p]ceptions some:at m cle>ly arrang$4 ,sid5ote3 ,ideal sci5ce is self-ju/ifi$4 ,t ! relativity ( sci5ce--its be+ an emanation ( human life--is no?+ aga9/ its tru? appe>s be/1 p]haps1 9 ! case ( dialectic4 ,dialectic is valid by virtue ( an int5d$ mean+ & felt congruity 9 its t]ms2 b ^! t]ms1 :i* int5t fixes1 are ext]nal & indep5d5t 9 _! ideal nature1 & ! congruity betwe5 !m is n creat$ by be+ felt b1 :e!r incid5tally felt or n1 is inh]5t 9 _! ess5ce4 ,ma!matical ?9k+ is ! close/ & mo/ intimate ( m5tal op]ations1 no?+ ext]nal be+ call$ 9 to aid2 yet ma!matical tru? is z remote z possible f be+ p]sonal or psy*ic4 ,x is absolutely self-ju/ifi$ & is necess>y be=e x is discov]$ to be s4 ,"h1 !n1 is a conspicu\s region ( tru?1 disclos$ to ! human intellect by its own int]nal ex]cise1 :i* is nev]!less altoge!r indep5d5t1 be+ et]nal & indefeasible1 :ile ! ?\ght t utt]s x is ephem]al4 ,sid5ote3 ,physical sci5ce is presuppos$ 9 scepticism4 ,! validity ( mat]ial sci5ce1 n be+ w>rant$ by pure insight1 _c be s quickly made out2 nev]!less x _c be d5i$ sy/ematically1 & ! misund]/ood transc5d5talism :i* belittles physics contradicts its own basis4 ,= h[ are we suppos$ to "k t :at call facts are m]e appe>ances & :at we call objects m]e creations ( ?\ght8 ,we "k ?is by physics4 ,x is physiology1 a "p ( physics1 t assures u t our s5ses & bra9s are conditions ( our exp]i5ce4 ,7 x n = :at we "k ( ! out] _w & ( our place 9 x1 we %\ld be incapable ( atta*+ any mean+ to subjectivity4 ,! flux ( ?+s w\ld !n g on 9 _! own m$ium1 n 9 our m9ds2 & no suspicion ( illusion or ( qualification by m9d w\ld atta* to any ev5t 9 nature4 ,s x is 9 a dream2 & x is our k ( physics1 our reliance on ! _w's mat]ial coh]5ce1 t m>ks our awak5+1 & t con/itutes our discov]y t we exi/ z m9ds & are subject to dream+4 ,x is q true t ! flux1 z x exi/s 9 m51 is l>gely psy*ic2 b only because ! ev5ts x conta9s are effects ( mat]ial causes & ! images 9 x are fly+ %ad[s ca/ by solid ext]nal ?+s4 ,?is is ! mean+ ( psy*ic exi/5ce1 & its diff]5tia4 ,m9d is an expression1 weight$ ) emotion1 ( me*anical relations among bodies4 ,suppose ! bodies all remov$3 at once ! images =m]ly contra/$ ) ^? bodies w\ld resume _! inh]5t *>act]i/ics & mutual relation2 !y w\ld become exi/5ces 9 _! own category1 l>ge1 mov+1 col\r$1 di/ribut$ to "r & left2 t is1 save = _! values1 !y w\ld become mat]ial ?+s4 ,sid5ote3 ,x recurs 9 all und]/&+ ( p]ception4 ,physics is accord+ly a sci5ce :i*1 ?\gh hypo!tical & only v]ifiable by exp]im5t1 is involv$ 9 hi/ory & psy*ology & !re=e 9 any criticism ( k4 ,! contradiction w\ld be curi\s if a man %\ld decl>e t 8 ideas 7 wor?less1 be+ due to 8 organs ( s5se1 & t !re=e ^! organs 7s9ce he _h an idea ( !m7 did n exi/4 ,yet on ?is brave argum5t idealism *iefly re/s4 ,x ass]ts t bodies are m]e ideas1 because x is ?r\gh our bodies t we p]ceive !m4 ,:5 physics has discov]$ ! conditions "u :i* k ( physics has aris51 physics is suppos$ to be spirit$ away2 :]eas1 ( c\rse1 x has only clos$ its circle & ju/ifi$ its sov]eignty4 ,7 all sci5ce retract$ & r$uc$ to symbolic calculation no?+ w\ld rema9 = ?is calculation to symbolise4 ,! :ole =ce ( call+ a !ory m]ely a vehicle or me?od ( ?\ght1 lead+ u to some?+ diff]5t f itself1 lies 9 hav+ a lit]al k ( ?is o!r ?+4 ,b su* lit]al k is ! fir/ /age ( sci5ce1 :i* ! o!r /ages m]ely ext5d4 ,s t :51 "u special circum/ances1 we really appeal to algebraic me?ods ( expression & ?9k 9 symbols1 we d s 9 ! hope ( transcrib+ our t]ms1 :5 ! reckon+ is ov]1 into ! language ( famili> facts4 ,7 ^! facts n =?com+1 ! symbolic ma*9]y w\ld itself become ! g5u9e reality--s9ce x is really giv5--& we %\ld h to re/ 9 x1 z 9 ! ultimate tru?4 ,?is is :at happ5s 9 my?ology1 :5 ! natural ph5om5a express$ by x are =gott54 ,b natural ph5om5a !mselves are symbols ( no?+1 because !y are prim>y data4 ,!y are ! con/itutive elem5ts ( ! reality !y disclose4 ,sid5ote3 ,sci5ce conta9s all tru/wor?y k4 ,! validity ( sci5ce 9 g5]al is accord+ly e/abli%$ m]ely by e/abli%+ ! tru? ( its p>ticul> propositions1 9 dialectic on ! au?ority ( int5t & 9 physics on t ( exp]im5t4 ,x is impossible to base sci5ce on a deep] f\ndation or to ov]ride x by a high] k4 ,:at is call$ metaphysics1 if n an anticipation ( natural sci5ce1 is a confusion ( x ) dialectic or a mixture ( x ) my?s4 ,if we h ! faculty ( be+ utt]ly s9c]e & ( dis9tegrat+ ! conv5tions ( language & religion1 we mu/ confess t k is only a claim we put =?1 a "p ( t unfa?omable compulsion by =ce ( :i* we live & hold our pa9t$ _w toge!r = a mom5t4 ,if we h any insight into m9d1 or any eye = human hi/ory1 we mu/ confess at ! same "t t ! oracul> sub/itutes = k to :i*1 9 our p]plexities1 we might be tempt$ to fly1 are pa!tic popul> fables1 hav+ no o!r sanctity ?an t :i* !y borr[ f ! natural impulses !y play ^u4 ,to live by sci5ce requires intellig5ce & fai?1 b n to live by x is folly4 ,sid5ote3 ,x suffices = ! ,life ( ,reason4 ,if sci5ce ?us conta9s ! sum total ( our rational convictions & gives u ! only picture ( reality on :i* we %\ld c>e to dwell1 we h b to consult ! sci5ces 9 detail to asc]ta91 z f> z t is possible1 :at sort ( a univ]se we live 94 ,! result is z yet f> f satisfactory4 ,! sci5ces h n jo9$ h&s & made _! results coh]5t1 %[+ nature to be1 z x d\btless is1 all ( "o piece4 ,! moral sci5ces especially are a mass ( confusion4 ,negative1 ,i ?9k1 mu/ be ! attitude ( reason1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( sci5ce1 ^u any hypo!sis f> outrunn+ ! record$ hi/ory & ! visible habitat ( ! human race4 ,yet exactly ! same habits & pr9ciples t h secur$ our pres5t k are /ill active )9 u1 & promise fur!r discov]ies4 ,x is m desirable to cl>ify our k )9 ^! b\nds ?an to ext5d x beyond !m4 ,= :ile ! rew>d ( action is contemplation or1 9 m mod]n phrase1 exp]i5ce & consci\sness1 !re is no?+ /able or int]e/+ to contemplate except objects relevant to action--! natural _w & ! m9d's ideals4 ,bo? ! conditions & ! /&>ds ( action lie well )9 ! t]ritory :i* sci5ce1 aft] a fa%ion1 already dom9ates4 ,b !re rema9 unexplor$ jungles & mon/]-bre$+ lairs )9 our nom9al jurisdiction :i* x is ! imm$iate task ( sci5ce to cle>4 ,! d>ke/ spots are 9 man himself1 9 8 fitful1 irrational disposition4 ,c\ld a bett] sy/em prevail 9 our lives a bett] ord] w\ld e/abli% itself 9 our ?9k+4 ,x has n be5 = want ( ke5 s5ses1 or p]sonal g5ius1 or a con/ant ord] 9 ! out] _w1 t mank9d h fall5 back repeat$ly into b>b>ism & sup]/ition4 ,x has be5 = want ( good "*1 good example1 & good gov]nm5t4 ,!re is a pa!tic capacity 9 m5 to live nobly1 if only !y w\ld give "o ano!r ! *ance4 ,! ideal ( political p]fection1 vague & remote z x yet seems1 is c]ta9ly approa*able1 = x is z def9ite & con/ant z human nature4 ,! k ( all relevant tru? w\ld be involv$ 9 t ideal1 & no intellectual dissatisfaction w\ld be felt ) a sy/em ( ideas t %\ld express & illum9e a p]fect life4