,,library ,,of ,,aboriginal ,,american ,,literature4 ,no4 ,,viii4 ,,edited ,,by ,d4,g4 ,,brinton ,illustration3 ,,xippe ,,totec1 ,,god ,,of ,,silversmiths1 ,,in ,,full ,,costume4 ,,hymn ,,xv4 ,,brinton',s ,,library ,,of ,,aboriginal ,,american ,,literature4 ,,number ,,viii4 ,,rig ,,veda ,,americanus4 ,,sacred ,,songs ,,of ,,the ,,ancient ,,mexicans1 ,,with ,a ,,gloss ,,in ,,nahuatl4 ,,edited1 ,,with ,a ,,paraphrase1 ,,notes ,,and ,,vocabulary1 ,,by ,,daniel ,g4 ,,brinton #ahij ,,preface4 ,in accordance with the general object of this series of volumes--which is to furnish materials for study rather than to offer completed studies--,i have prepared for this number the text of the most ancient authentic record of ,american religious lore4 ,from its antiquity and character1 ,i have ventured to call this little collection the ,,rig ,,veda ,,americanus1 after the similar cyclus of sacred hymns1 which are the most venerable product of the ,aryan mind4 ,as for my attempted translation of these mystic chants ,i offer it with the utmost reserve4 ,it would be the height of temerity in me to pretend to have overcome difficulties which one so familiar with the ancient ,nahuatl as ,father ,sahagun intimated were beyond his powers4 ,all that ,i hope to have achieved is1 by the aid of the ,gloss--and not always in conformity to its suggestions--to give a general idea of the sense and purport of the originals4 ,the desirability of preserving and publishing these texts seems to me to be manifest4 ,they reveal to us the undoubtedly authentic spirit of the ancient religion2 they show us the language in its most archaic form2 they preserve references to various mythical cycli of importance to the historian2 and they illustrate the alterations in the spoken tongue adopted in the esoteric dialect of the priesthood4 ,such considerations will1 ,i trust1 attract the attention of scholars to these fragments of a lost literature4 ,in the appended ,vocabulary ,i have inserted only those words and expressions for which ,i can suggest correct--or1 at least1 probable--renderings4 ,others will have to be left to future investigators4 ,,contents4 ,preface ,introduction ,i4 ,hymn of ,huitzilopochtli ,,ii4 ,war ,song of the ,huitznahuac ,,iii4 ,hymn of ,tlaloc ,,iv4 ,hymn to the ,all-,mother ,v4 ,hymn to the ,virgin ,mother ,,vi4 ,hymn to the ,god of ,fire ,,vii4 ,hymn of ,mixcoatl ,,viii4 ,hymn to the ,god of ,flowers ,,ix4 ,hymn to the ,goddess of ,artists ,x4 ,hymn to the ,god of ,fishing ,,xi4 ,hymn of the ,otomi ,leader ,,xii4 ,hymn to the ,goddess of ,childbirth ,,xiii4 ,hymn to the ,mother of ,mortals ,,xiv4 ,hymn ,sung at a ,fast every ,eight ,years ,,xv4 ,hymn to a ,night ,god ,,xvi4 ,hymn to the ,goddess of ,food ,,xvii4 ,hymn to the ,gods of ,wine ,,xviii4 ,hymn to the ,master of ,waters ,,xix4 ,hymn to the ,god of ,flowers ,,xx4 ,hymn to the ,god of ,merchants ,glossary ,index ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations4 ,xippe ,totec1 ,god of ,silversmiths1 in ,full ,costume1 ,frontispiece ,priest of ,xippe ,totec1 ,drinking and ,playing on a ,drum1 ,hymn ,,xv ,chicomecoatl1 ,goddess of ,food and ,drink1 ,hymn ,,xvi ,totochtin1 the ,rabbits1 ,gods of the ,drunkards1 ,hymn ,,xvii ,atlaua1 ,singing and ,dancing1 ,hymn ,,xviii ,,introduction4 ,as in a previous number of the ,library of ,aboriginal ,american ,literature ,i have discussed in detail the character of the ancient ,mexican poetry1 ,i shall confine myself at present to the history of the present collection4 ,we owe its preservation to the untiring industry of ,father ,bernardino de ,sahagun1 one of the earliest missionaries to ,mexico1 and the author of by far the most important work on the religion1 manners and customs of the ancient ,mexicans4 ,by long residence and close application ,sahagun acquired a complete mastery of the ,nahuatl tongue4 ,he composed his celebrated ,historia de las ,cosas de la ,nueva ,espaa primarily in the native language1 and from this original wrote out a ,spanish translation1 in some parts considerably abbreviated4 ,this incomplete reproduction is that which was published in ,spanish by ,lord ,kingsborough and ,bustamente1 and in a ,french rendering with useful notes by ,dr4 ,jourdanet and ,m4 ,rmi ,simeon4 ,so far as ,i know1 the only complete copy of the ,nahuatl original now in existence is that preserved in the ,bibliotheca ,laurentio-,mediceana in ,florence1 where ,i examined it in ,april1 #ahhi4 ,it is a most elaborate and beautiful ,,ms41 in three large volumes1 containing thirteen hundred and seventy-eight illustrations1 carefully drawn by hand1 mostly colored1 illustrative of the native mythology1 history1 arts and usages1 besides many elaborate head and tail pieces to the chapters4 ,there is another ,nahuatl ,,ms4 of ,sahagun's history in the private library of the ,king of ,spain at ,madrid1 which ,i examined in ,may1 #ahhh1 and of which ,i published a collation in the ,mmoires de la ,socit ,internationale des ,amricanistes1 for that year4 ,it is incomplete1 embracing only the first six books of the ,historia1 and should be considered merely as a borrador or preliminary sketch for the ,florentine copy4 ,it contains1 however1 a certain amount of material not included in the latter1 and has been peculiarly useful to me in the preparation of the present volume1 as not only affording another reading of the text1 valuable for comparison1 but as furnishing a gloss or ,nahuatl paraphrase of most of the hymns1 which does not appear in the ,florentine ,,ms4 ,as evidently the older of the two1 ,i have adopted the readings of the ,madrid ,,ms4 as my text1 and given the variants of the ,florentine ,,ms4 at the end of each hymn4 ,neither ,,ms4 attempts any translation of the hymns4 ,that at ,madrid has no ,spanish comment whatever1 while that at ,florence places opposite the hymns the following remarks1 which are also found in the printed copies1 near the close of the ,appendix of the ,second ,book of the ,historia3-- ,it is an old trick of our enemy the ,devil to try to conceal himself in order the better to compass his ends1 in accordance with the words of the ,gospel1 ',he whose deeds are evil1 shuns the light4' ,also on earth this enemy of ours has provided himself with a dense wood and a ground1 rough and filled with abysses1 there to prepare his wiles and to escape pursuit1 as do wild beasts and venomous serpents4 ,this wood and these abysses are the songs which he has inspired for his service to be sung in his honor within the temples and outside of them2 for they are so artfully composed that they say what they will1 but disclose only what the ,devil commands1 not being rightly understood except by those to whom they are addressed4 ,it is1 in fact1 well recognized that the cave1 wood or abysses in which this cursed enemy hides himself1 are these songs or chants which he himself composed1 and which are sung to him without being understood except by those who are acquainted with this sort of language4 ,the consequence is that they sing what they please1 war or peace1 praise to the ,devil or contempt for ,christ1 and they cannot in the least be understood by other men4 ,lord ,kingsborough says in a note in his voluminous work on the ,antiquities of ,mexico that this portion of ,sahagun's text was destroyed by order of the ,inquisition1 and that there was a memorandum to that effect in the ,spanish original in the noble writer's possession4 ,this could scarcely have referred to a translation of the hymns1 for none such exists in any ,,ms4 ,i have consulted1 or heard of2 and ,sahagun intimates in the passage quoted above that he had made none1 on account of the obscurity of the diction4 ,neither does any appear in the ,florentine ,,ms41 where the text of the hymns is given in full1 although the explanatory ,gloss is omitted4 ,this last-mentioned fact has prevented me from correcting the text of the ,gloss1 which in some passages is manifestly erroneous2 but ,i have confined myself to reproducing it strictly according to the original ,,ms41 leaving its correction to those who will make use of it4 ,the ,florentine ,,ms4 has five colored illustrations of the divinities1 or their symbols1 which are spoken of in the chants4 ,these are probably copied from the native hieroglyphic books in which1 as we learn from ,sahagun1 such ancient songs were preserved and transmitted4 ,these illustrations ,i had copied with scrupulous fidelity and reproduced by one of the photographic processes1 for the present work4 ,such is the history of this curious document1 and with this brief introduction ,i submit it to those who will have the patience and skill to unravel its manifold difficulties4 ,,rig ,,veda ,,americana ,i4 ,vitzilopochtli icuic4 #a4 ,vitzilopuchi1 yaquetlaya1 yyaconay1 ynohuihuihuia3 anenicuic1 toiquemitla1 yya1 ayya1 yya y ya uia1 queyanoca1 oya tonaqui1 yyaya1 yya1 yya4 #b4 ,tetzauiztli ya mixtecatl1 ce ymocxi pichauaztecatla pomaya1 ouayyeo1 ayyayya4 #c4 ,ay tlaxotla tenamitl yuitli macoc mupupuxotiuh1 yautlatoa ya1 ayyayyo1 noteuh aya tepanquizqui mitoaya4 #d4 ,oya yeua uel mamauia1 in tlaxotecatl teuhtla milacatzoaya1 itlaxotecatl teuhtla milacatzoaya4 #e4 ,amanteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuia ycalipan yauhtiua1 xinechoncentlalizqui4 #f4 ,pipiteca toyauan xinechoncentlalizquiuia3 ycalipan1 yautiua1 xinechoncentlalizqui4 ,var4 #f4 ,this verse is omitted in the ,medicean ,,ms4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,in ivitzilopochtli ayac nouiui1 id est1 ayac nechneneuilia1 ayac iuhqui1 in iuhqui4 ,anenicuic1 id est1 amo ca nen nonicuic1 in quetzali1 in chalchihuitl in ixquich ynotlatqui1 toiquemitl4 ,queyanoca oya tonaqui1 id est1 onocatonat1 onocatlatuit4 #b4 ,q4n41 tetzauiztli1 id est1 oquintetzauito1 in mixteca inic oquiyaochiuhqui3 oquimanilito in imicxi in pichauazteca1 ioan in mixteca4 #c4 ,ay tlaxotla tenamitl1 q4n41 quitepeua inin tena in aquique yauchiuallo4 ,iuitli macoc1 q4n41 oncan quitema in tiatl in ihuitl4 ,mopopuxotiuh yauhtlatuaya1 q4n41 inic mopopuxoticalaqui yauc1 ioan1 q4n41 yeuatl quitemaca y yauyutl quitemaceualtia1 tepanquizqui1 mitoayaqui yehuatl quichioa yauyutl4 #d4 ,oya yeua huel mamauia1 q4n41 an oc momamauhtiaya in aya momochiua yauyutl4 ,teuhtla milacatzoaya q4n41 in noteuh in opeuh yauyutl1 aocac momauhtica iniquac ynoteuhtli moquetza ynoteuhtica tlayoa7lli74 #e4 ,amanteca toyauan1 q4n41 yn iyaoan yn aquique in cani omocentlalique ca in calipan in yautioa ca tlatlaz ynin cal4 #f4 ,pipiteca1 toyaoan1 xinechoncentlalizque1 q4n41 in pipiteca y yaoan mochiuhque4 ,yn calla in mochiua yauyutl in i calipan4 ,translation4 ,the ,hymn of ,huitzilopochtli4 #a4 ,huitzilopochtli is first in rank1 no one1 no one is like unto him3 not vainly do ,i sing 7his praises7 coming forth in the garb of our ancestors2 ,i shine2 ,i glitter4 #b4 ,he is a terror to the ,mixteca2 he alone destroyed the ,picha-,huasteca1 he conquered them4 #c4 ,the ,dart-,hurler is an example to the city1 as he sets to work4 ,he who commands in battle is called the representative of my ,god4 #d4 ,when he shouts aloud he inspires great terror1 the divine hurler1 the god turning himself in the combat1 the divine hurler1 the god turning himself in the combat4 #e4 ,amanteca1 gather yourselves together with me in the house of war against your enemies1 gather yourselves together with me4 #f4 ,pipiteca1 gather yourselves together with me in the house of war against your enemies1 gather yourselves together with me4 ,notes4 ,huitzilopochtli was the well-known war-god of the ,azteca1 whose functions are described by ,sahagun 7,historia1 ,lib4 ,i41 cap4 #a7 and many other writers4 ,the hymn here given is probably the tlaxotecuyotl1 which was chanted at the celebration of his feast in the fifteenth month of the ,mexican calendar 7see ,sahagun1 ,historia1 ,lib4 ,,ii41 cap4 #cd74 ,the word means his glory be established4 ,it was commenced at sunset and repeated till sunrise4 #a4 ,in the garb of our ancestors 7to-citli-quemitl74 ,the high priest appeared in the insignia of ,quetzalcoatl1 which1 says ,sahagun1 were very gorgeous4 7,hist41 ,lib4 ,,ii41 ,appendix47 #b4 ,mixteca1 plural of ,mixtecatl1 an inhabitant of ,mixtecapan1 near the ,pacific4 ,the ,huasteca1 a nation of ,maya lineage1 lived on the ,gulf coast4 #c4 ,the god was called the ,hurler1 as he was believed to hurl the lightning serpent 7the xiuhcoatl74 #e4 ,sahagun recites the legends about the ,amanteca 7,historia1 ,lib4 ,,ix41 cap4 #ah74 ,here the name refers to the inhabitants of the quarter called ,amantlan4 #f4 ,pipiteca1 a nomen gentile1 referring doubtless to a certain class of the hearers4 ,this hymn may be compared to another1 descriptive of the same divinity1 preserved in ,sahagun's ,,ms4 in ,madrid4 ,it is as follows1 with my translation by its side4 ,vitzilopuchtli ,huitzilopochtli1 ,can maceualli ,only a subject1 ,can tlacatl catca4 ,only a mortal was4 ,naualli ,a magician1 ,tetzauitl ,a terror1 ,atlacacemelle ,a stirrer of strife1 ,teixcuepani ,a deceiver1 ,quiyocoyani in yaoyotl ,a maker of war1 ,yautecani ,an arranger of battles1 ,yautlatoani2 ,a lord of battles2 ,ca itechpa mitoaya ,and of him it was said ,tepan quitlaza ,that he hurled ,in xiuhcoatl ,his flaming serpent1 ,immamalhuaztli ,his fire stick2 ,quitoznequi yaoyotl ,which means war1 ,teoatl tlachinolli4 ,blood and burning2 ,auh iniquac ilhuiq'xtililoya ,and when his festival was celebrated1 ,malmicouaya ,captives were slain1 ,tlaaltilmicoaya ,washed slaves were slain1 ,tealtilaya impochteca4 ,the merchants washed them4 ,auh inic mochichiuaya3 ,and thus he was arrayed3 ,xiuhtotonacoche catca ,with head-dress of green feathers1 ,xiuhcoanauale ,holding his serpent torch1 ,xiuhtlalpile ,girded with a belt1 ,matacaxe ,bracelets upon his arms1 ,tzitzile ,wearing turquoises1 ,oyuvale4 ,as a master of messengers4 ,when in ,florence1 in #ahhi1 ,i had an accurate copy made of the ,nahuatl text and all the figures of the first book of ,sahagun's ,history4 ,the colored figure of ,huitzilopochtli is in accordance with the above description4 ,,ii4 ,uitznaoac yautl icuic4 #a4 ,ahuia tlacochcalco notequioa ayayui nocaquia tlacatl1 ya nechyapinauia1 ayaca nomati1 nitetzauiztli1 auia1 ayaca nomati niya1 yautla1 aquitoloc tlacochcalco notequioa1 iuexcatlatoa ay nopilchan4 #b4 ,ihiya quetl tocuilechcatl quauiquemitl nepapan oc uitzetla4 #c4 ,huia oholopa telipuchtla1 yuiyoc yn nomalli1 ye nimauia1 ye nimauia1 yuiyoc yn nomalli4 #d4 ,huia uitznauac telepochtla yuiyoc1 yn nomalli1 ye nimauia1 ye nimauia yuiyoc1 ynomalli4 #e4 ,huia ytzicotla telipochtla1 yuiyoc1 yn nomalli1 ye nimauia1 ye nimauia1 yuiyoc yn nomalli4 #f4 ,uitznauac teuaqui1 machiyotla tetemoya1 ahuia oyatonac1 yahuia oyatonac1 machiyotla tetemoya4 #g4 ,tocuilitla teuaqui1 machiyotla tetemoya1 ahuia oyatonac1 yahuia oyatonac uia1 machiyotla tetemoya4 ,var4 #f4 ,vitzanaoac teuhoaqui machiotla4 ,,ms4 ,med4 ,the ,war ,song of the ,huitznahuac4 #a4 ,what ho6 my work is in the hall of arms1 ,i listen to no mortal1 nor can any put me to shame1 ,i know none such1 ,i am the ,terror1 ,i know none other1 ,i am where war is1 my work is said to be in the hall of arms1 let no one curse my children4 #b4 ,our adornment comes from out the south1 it is varied in color as the clothing of the eagle4 #c4 ,ho6 ho6 abundance of youths doubly clothed1 arrayed in feathers1 are my captives1 ,i deliver them up1 ,i deliver them up1 my captives arrayed in feathers4 #d4 ,ho6 youths for the ,huitznahuac1 arrayed in feathers1 these are my captives1 ,i deliver them up1 ,i deliver them up1 arrayed in feathers1 my captives4 #e4 ,youths from the south1 arrayed in feathers1 my captives1 ,i deliver them up1 ,i deliver them up1 arrayed in feathers1 my captives4 #f4 ,the god enters1 the ,huitznahuac1 he descends as an example1 he shines forth1 he shines forth1 descending as an example4 #g4 ,adorned like us he enters as a god1 he descends as an example1 he shines forth1 he shines forth1 descending as an example4 ,notes4 ,there is no ,gloss to this hymn1 but its signification seems clear4 ,huitznahuac was a name applied to several edifices in the great temple at ,tenochtitlan1 as we are informed at length by ,sahagun4 ,the word is a locative from huitznahua4 ,this term means magicians from the south or diviners with thorns1 and was applied in the ,quetzalcoatl mythical cyclus to the legendary enemies of ,huitzilopochtli1 whom he is said to have destroyed as soon as he was born4 7,see my discussion of this myth in ,proceedings of the ,american ,philosophical ,society for #ahhg47 ,apparently to perpetuate the memory of this exploit1 the custom was1 at the festival of ,huitzilopochtli1 for the slaves who were to be sacrificed to form two bands1 one representing the ,huitznahua and the other the partisans of the god1 and to slaughter each other until the arrival of the god ,paynal put an end to the combat 7,sahagun1 ,historia1 ,lib4 ,,ii41 cap4 #cd74 ,the song here given belongs to this portion of the ancient rite4 #a4 ,the tlacochcalli1 house of arrows 7tlacochtli1 arrow1 calli1 house71 was a large hall in the temple of ,huitzilopochtli where arrows1 spears and other arms were kept 7,sahagun1 ,lib4 ,,viii41 cap4 #cb74 #b4 ,the adornment from the south refers to the meaning of the name ,huitznahua4 7,see ,glossary47 #c4 ,sahagun 7ubi sup47 informs us that the slaves condemned to die fought against free warriors1 and when any of the latter were captured they were promptly put to death by their captors4 ,,iii4 ,tlalloc icuic4 #a4 ,ahuia ,mexico teutlaneuiloc amapanitla anauhcampa1 ye moquetzquetl1 aoyequene y chocaya4 #b4 ,ahuia anneuaya niyocoloc1 annoteua eztlamiyaual1 aylhuiolla nic yauicaya teutiualcoya4 #c4 ,ahuia annotequiua naualpilli aquitlanella motonacayouh tic yachiuh quitla catlachtoquetl1 an mitziyapinauia4 #d4 ,ahuia cana catella nechyapinauia anechyaca uelmatia1 anotata yn oquacuillo ocelocoatl aya4 #e4 ,ahuia tlallocana1 xiuacalco aya quizqui aquamotla1 acatonalaya4 #f4 ,ahuia xiyanouia1 nahuia xiyamotecaya ay poyauhtla1 ayauh chicauaztica1 ayauicalo tlallocanaya4 #g4 ,aua nacha tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui aya y chocaya4 #h4 ,ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya1 temoquetl aitlatol1 aniquiya ilhuiquetl1 tetzauhpilla niyayalizqui aya y chocaya4 #i4 ,ahuia nauhxiuhticaya itopanecauiloc ayoc ynomatia1 ay motlapoalli1 aya ximocaya ye quetzalcalla nepanauia ay yaxcana teizcaltequetl4 #aj4 ,ahuia xiyanouia1 ahuia xiyamotequaya ay poyauhtla1 ayauh chicauaztlica ayauicallo tlalloca4 ,var4 #a4 ,amopanitl4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,auia ,mexico teutlanauiloc1 q4n41 yn ,mexico onetlanauiloc in tlaloc4 ,amapanitl annauhcampa ye moquetzquetl1 q4n41 amapanitl nauhcampa omoquequetz4 ,aoyeque naichocaya1 id est1 itlaocuyaya4 #b4 ,auia anneuaya niyocoloc1 q4n41 ynehuatl ni tlalloc oniyocoloc4 ,annoteua eztlamiyaual1 q4n41 noteu eztlamiyaualtitiuh4 ,aylhuiolla1 q4n41 yn umpa ilhuiololo4 ,inic yauicaya teuitualcoya1 q4n4 in teuitualoc4 #c4 ,auia annotequiua naualpilli1 q4n4 in tinoteuh naualpilli1 i4e41 tlalloc4 ,aquitlanella motonacayouh1 q4n41 ca nelli teuatl ticmochiuilia in motonacayouh4 ,catlachtoquetl1 q4n41 teuatl ticmochiuilia auh in aquin timitzpinauia4 #d4 ,ahuia cana catella nechyapinauia1 q4n41 catel nechpinauia ca monechuelmati4 ,annotata ynoquacuillo ocelocoatl aya1 q4n41 yn notaua ioan yna quacuiloa yn oceloquacuili4 #e4 ,ahuia tlallocana xiuacalco1 q4n41 in tlalocan xiuhcalco1 id est1 acxoyacalco4 ,ayaquizqui1 q4n41 umpa ualquizque4 ,aquamotla acatonalaya1 q4n41 y notauan yn oquacuiloan acatonal4 #f4 ,ahuia xicanouia nauia xiyamotecaya1 q4n41 xiuian ximotecati4 ,ay poyauhtlan1 q4n41 in umpa poyauhtlan tepeticpac4 ,ayauh chicauaztica ayauicalo tlalocana1 q4n41 ayauh chicauaztica in auicalo tlalocan4 #g4 ,aua nach tozcuecuexi niyayalizqui1 q4n41 y nach tozcuecuex y ye niauh niman ye choca4 #h4 ,ahuia queyamica xinechiuaya1 q4n41 quenamican y ya niauh ao anechtemozque4 ,aniquiya ilhuiquetl tetzapilla niyayalizqui ayaichocaya1 q4n41 onquilhui yn tetzapilli ye niyauh niman ye choca4 #i4 ,ahuia nauhxiuhticaya nitopanecauiloc1 q4n41 nauhxiuhtica in topanecauiloz1 id est1 in tepan mochiuaz4 ,ayoc inomatia ay motlapoalli1 q4n41 aocmo nomatia iniquin motlapoalpan4 ,ca oximoac ye quetzalcalla nepanauia1 q4n41 ye qualcan ye netlamachtiloyan ynemca4 ,ay yaxcana teizcaltiquetl1 q4n41 iniaxca inic oteizcalli4 #aj4 ,ahuia xiyanouia1 q4n41 xiuia4 ,auia xiya motecaya ay poyauhtla1 q4n41 ximotecati in umpa poyauhtla4 ,ayauh chicauaztica auicallo tlalocan1 q4n41 ayauh chicauaztica in auicallo in umpa tlallocan4 ,the ,hymn of ,tlaloc4 #a4 ,in ,mexico the god appears2 thy banner is unfolded in all directions1 and no one weeps4 #b4 ,i1 the god1 have returned again1 ,i have turned again to the place of abundance of blood-sacrifices2 there when the day grows old1 ,i am beheld as a god4 #c4 ,thy work is that of a noble magician2 truly thou hast made thyself to be of our flesh2 thou hast made thyself1 and who dare affront thee8 #d4 ,truly he who affronts me does not find himself well with me2 my fathers took by the head the tigers and the serpents4 #e4 ,in ,tlalocan1 in the verdant house1 they play at ball1 they cast the reeds4 #f4 ,go forth1 go forth to where the clouds are spread abundantly1 where the thick mist makes the cloudy house of ,tlaloc4 #g4 ,there with strong voice ,i rise up and cry aloud4 #h4 ,go ye forth to seek me1 seek for the words which ,i have said1 as ,i rise1 a terrible one1 and cry aloud4 #i4 ,after four years they shall go forth1 not to be known1 not to be numbered1 they shall descend to the beautiful house1 to unite together and know the doctrine4 #aj4 ,go forth1 go forth to where the clouds are spread abundantly1 where the thick mist makes the cloudy house of ,tlaloc4 ,notes4 ,the god ,tlaloc shared with ,huitzilopochtli the highest place in the ,mexican ,pantheon4 ,he was the deity who presided over the waters1 the rains1 the thunder and the lightning4 ,the annual festival in his honor took place about the time of corn-planting1 and was intended to secure his favor for this all-important crop4 ,its details are described at great length by ,diego ,duran1 ,historia de ,nueva ,espaa1 cap4 #hf1 and ,sahagun1 ,historia1 ,lib4 ,,ii41 cap4 #be1 and elsewhere4 ,his name is derived from tlalli1 earth4 ,tlalocan1 referred to in v4 #e1 the place of ,tlaloc1 was the name of a mountain east of ,tenochtitlan1 where the festival of the god was celebrated2 but it had also a mythical meaning1 equivalent to the earthly ,paradise1 the abode of happy souls4 ,it will be observed that v4 #aj is a repetition of v4 #f4 ,the word ayauicalo refers to the ayauhcalli1 house of mist1 the home of the rain god1 which ,sahagun informs us was represented at the annual festival by four small buildings near the water's edge1 carefully disposed to face the four cardinal points of the compass 7,sahagun1 ubi supra74 ,in v4 #h the expression tetzauhpilli 7tetzauhqui1 to frighten7 may be explained by the figure of ,tlaloc1 whose statue1 says ,duran1 was that of un espantable monstruo1 la cara muy fea 7ibid474 ,the compound in v4 #aj1 nauhxiuhtica1 after four years1 appears to refer to the souls of the departed brave ones1 who1 according to ,aztec mythology1 passed to the heaven for four years and after that returned to the terrestrial ,paradise1--the palace of ,tlaloc4 7,see my paper1 ,the ,journey of the ,soul1 in ,proceedings of the ,numismatic and ,antiquarian ,society of ,philadelphia1 #ahhc47 ,,iv4 ,teteuynan ycuic4 #a4 ,ahuiya coauic xochitla oya cueponca yeua tonana teumechaue moquiican tamoanchan1 auayye1 auayya1 yyao1 yya1 yyeo1 aye ayo1 ayy ayyaa4 #b4 ,coauic xochitla oya moxocha yeua tonana1 teumechaue1 moquiica tamoanchan1 ouayye1 auayya1 yyao1 yya1 yyeo1 ayo aye1 ayya1 ayyaa4 #c4 ,ahuia iztac xochitla1 oya cueponca yeua tonana teumechaue moquiica tamoanchan1 ouayye1 auayya1 yyao yya1 yyeo1 ayeaye1 ayya ayyaa4 #d4 ,ahuiya iztac xochitla oya moxocha yeua tonana teumechaue moquiica tamoanchan1 ouayye1 auayya1 yyao1 yya1 yyeo1 aye aye1 ayya ayyaa4 #e4 ,ahuia ohoya teutl ca teucontli paca tona aya1 itzpapalotli1 auayye1 yyao1 yya1 yyeo1 ayyaa4 #f4 ,ao1 auatic ya itaca chicunauixtlauatla maatl yyollo1 ica mozcaltizqui tonan tlaltecutli1 ayao1 ayyao1 ayyaa4 #g4 ,aho1 ye yancuic tiatla ye yancuic yuitla oya potoniloc yn auicacopa acatl xamontoca4 #h4 ,aho maatl mochiuhca teutlalipan mitziya noittaco1 yeua xiuhnello1 yeua mimichan4 ,var4 #g4 ,xamantoca4 #h4 ,yehoa4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 in tonan ocueponya umpa oalquiz yn tamoanchan4 #b4 ,q4n41 in amona ca izcui yn xochiuh ca umpa oquiz yn tmoanchan4 #c4 ,q4n4 ,in tonan ocuepo in umpa oquiz tamoanchan4 #d4 ,q4n41 in amona iztac in oxochiuh yn umpa oniquiz tamoanchan4 #e4 ,q4n41 in tonan ca teucumitl icpac in quiz yn itzpapalotl4 #f4 ,q4n41 in tonan ixtlauan in mozcaltito auh inic mozcalti macatl y yollo y yeua tonan tlaltecutli4 #g4 ,q4n41 auh inic potoniloc1 tonan1 yancuic tiatl ioan yancuic yn iuitl1 auh nauhcampa quite ynacatl4 #h4 ,q4n41 in macatl yeuan can iliaya yn ixtlauacan yuhqui inic quic noitayan y yeuatl inimich ioan in xiuhnel4 ,hymn to the ,mother of the ,gods4 #a4 ,hail to our mother1 who caused the yellow flowers to blossom1 who scattered the seeds of the maguey1 as she came forth from ,paradise4 #b4 ,hail to our mother1 who poured forth flowers in abundance1 who scattered the seeds of the maguey1 as she came forth from ,paradise4 #c4 ,hail to our mother1 who caused the yellow flowers to blossom1 she who scattered the seeds of the maguey1 as she came forth from ,paradise4 #d4 ,hail to our mother1 who poured forth white flowers in abundance1 who scattered the seeds of the maguey1 as she came forth from ,paradise4 #e4 ,hail to the goddess who shines in the thorn bush like a bright butterfly4 #f4 ,ho6 she is our mother1 goddess of the earth1 she supplies food in the desert to the wild beasts1 and causes them to live4 #g4 ,thus1 thus1 you see her to be an ever-fresh model of liberality toward all flesh4 #h4 ,and as you see the goddess of the earth do to the wild beasts1 so also does she toward the green herbs and the fishes4 ,notes4 ,the goddess to whom this hymn is devoted was called ,teteoinan1 the ,mother of the ,gods1 ,toi1 our ,mother 7maternal ancestor71 and also by another name which signified the ,heart of the ,earth1 the latter being bestowed upon her1 says ,duran1 because she was believed to be the cause of earthquakes4 ,her general functions were those of a genius of fertility1 extending both to the vegetable and the animal world4 ,thus1 she was the patroness of the native midwives and of women in childbirth 7,sahagun74 ,her chief temple at ,tepeyacac was one of the most renowned in ancient ,mexico1 and it was a felicitous idea of the early missionaries to have ,our ,lady of ,guadalupe make her appearance on the immediate site of this ancient fane already celebrated as the place of worship of the older female deity4 ,the ,codex ,ramirez makes her a daughter of the first ,king of ,culhuacan4 #a4 ,tamoanchan4 ,this word ,sahagun translates we seek our homes1 while the ,codex ,telleriano-,remensis gives the more intelligible rendering there is their home whither they descend1 and adds that it is synonymous with ,xochitlycacan1 the place where the flowers are lifted4 ,it was the mystical ,paradise of the ,aztecs1 the ,home of the ,gods1 and the happy realm of departed souls4 ,the ,codex just quoted adds that the gods were born there1 which explains the introduction of the word into this hymn4 #e4 ,for teucontli 7see ,glossary7 ,i should suggest teocomitl1 a species of ornament1 7cf4 ,sahagun1 ,historia1 ,lib4 ,,ii41 cap4 #cg47 ,v4 ,chimalpanecatl icuic ioan tlaltecaua 7nanotl74 #a4 ,ichimalipan chipuchica ueya1 mixiuiloc yautlatoaya1 ichimalipan chipuchica ueya1 mixiuiloc yautlatoa4 #b4 ,coatepec tequiua1 tepetitla moxayaual teueuel aya quinelli moquichtiuiui tlalli cuecuechiuia aqui moxayaual teueuella4 ,var4 ,title4 ,tlaltecaoannanotl4 #b4 ,cohoatepechquiua4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 yautlatolli ipa omixiuh ynanotl chimalipan in omixiuh1 id est1 ipa oquitlacatilli ynanotl in uitzilopochtli y yauyutl4 #b4 ,q4n41 coatepec otepeuh tepetitla yc moxaual ioan y teueuel1 id est1 ichimal ic otepeuh aocac omoquichquetz iniquac peualoque coatepec a iniquac otlalli cuecuechiuh1 id est1 iquac opopoliuhque4 ,hymn to ,chimalipan in ,parturition4 #a4 ,chimalipan was a virgin when she brought forth the adviser of battles2 ,chimalipan was a virgin when she brought forth the adviser of battles4 #b4 ,on the ,coatepec was her labor2 on the mountain he ripened into age2 as he became a man truly the earth was shaken1 even as he became a man4 ,notes4 ,the goddess ,chimalipan is not mentioned by the authorities at my command2 but from the tenor of the hymn it is evident that the name is a synonym for the virgin mother of ,huitzilopochtli1 who is distinctly referred to by his title ,yautlatoani 7see ante1 p4 #ah74 ,in the myth1 she dwelt upon the ,coatepetl1 the ,serpent ,mountain1 on the site of ,tulan4 ,for a full discussion of this myth ,i refer to my inquiry1 ,were the ,toltecs an ,historic ,nationality8 in ,proceedings of the ,amer4 ,phil4 ,soc4 for ,sept4 #ahhg1 and ,american ,hero-,myths1 chap4 #aa4 7,phila41 #ahha74 ,the ,gloss distinctly states that the mother of ,huitzilopochtli is referred to in the hymn4 ,we must regard ,chimalipan therefore as identical with ,chimalman1 who1 according to another myth dwelt in ,tula as a virgin1 and was divinely impregnated by the descending spirit of the ,all-father in the shape of a bunch of feathers4 ,in other myths she is mentioned as also the mother of the ,huitznahua1 the enemies and the brothers of ,huitzilopochtli1 referred to in the second of this collection of chants4 ,,vi4 ,ixcoauhqui icuic4 #a4 ,huiya tzonimolco notauane ye namech maya pinauhtiz1 tetemoca ye namech maya pinauhtiz4 #b4 ,xonca mecatla notecua icotl mimilcatoc chicueyocan naualcalli nauali temoquetlaya4 #c4 ,huiya tzonimolco cuicotipeuhque1 aya tzonimolco cuicotipeuhque1 aya iztleica naual moquizcauia1 iztlauan naual moquizca4 #d4 ,huia tzonimolco maceualli maya temacouia1 oya tonaqui1 oya tonaqui maceualli1 maya temacouiya4 #e4 ,huiya tzonimolco xoxolcuicatl cacauantoc ya ayouica mocuiltonoaci tontecuitl moteicnelil mauiztli4 #f4 ,huiya ciuatontla xatenonotza1 ayyauhcalcatl quiyauatla1 xatenonotza4 ,var4 #b4 ,xoncan mecatlan notechoan4 #c4 ,iztleica 7for iztlauan74 #f4 ,ia ayiauhcalcatl4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 yn itzonmolcatl notauane ye nemechpinauhtiz nachcan nochan tetemoan1 ye nemechpinauhtiz4 #b4 ,q4n41 yn mecatla amo tecuhuan in oncan icotl mimilcatoc ueyaquixtoc icotl uncan in temoc in chicueyocan4 #c4 ,q4n41 yn tzonmolco otipeuhque macuico yn tzonmolco macuico otipeuhque tleica in amo anualquia tleica yn ayaualquia4 #d4 ,q4n41 yn tzonmolco otonac auh in omaceualhoan xinechinacaqui notechpouizque yn enetoltiloyan4 #e4 ,q4n41 yn cuicatl tzomolco ca ye cauani in aic necuiltonollo netotilo in tetecuti yeua moteicnelil ca mauiztic4 #f4 ,q4n41 yn ciuatontli xitenonotza in quiauat ayauhcalcatl1 id est1 in ticiuatontli xitenonotza4 ,hymn to ,ixcoauhqui4 #a4 ,in the ,hall of ,flames let me not put to shame my ancestors2 descending there1 let me not put you to shame4 #b4 ,i fasten a rope to the sacred tree1 ,i twist it in eight folds1 that by it ,i1 a magician1 may descend to the magical house4 #c4 ,begin your song in the ,hall of ,flames2 begin your song in the ,hall of ,flames2 why does the magician not come forth8 ,why does he not rise up8 #d4 ,let his subjects assist in the ,hall of ,flames2 he appears1 he appears1 let his subjects assist4 #e4 ,let the servants never cease the song in the ,hall of ,flames2 let them rejoice greatly1 let them dance wonderfully4 #f4 ,call ye for the woman with abundant hair1 whose care is the mist and the rain1 call ye for her4 ,notes4 ,ixcoauhqui1 the ,yellow ,faced1 was the ,mexican ,god of ,fire4 ,torquemada gives as his synonyms ,xiuhtecutli1 ,lord of ,fire1 and ,huehueteotl1 the ,ancient ,god 7,monarquia ,indiana1 ,lib4 ,,vi41 cap4 #bh74 ,elsewhere he identifies him with the ,sun-god 7,ibid41 ,lib4 ,,xiv41 cap4 #d74 ,sahagun describes his annual festival 7,hist41 ,lib4 ,,ii41 cap4 #ch71 and gives another of his names1 ,cuealtzin1 a reverential form of cuezalotl1 flame 7,hist41 ,lib4 ,i41 cap4 #ac74 ,the tzonmolco so often referred to in this hymn was the sixty-fourth edifice in the great temple of ,tenochtitlan1 and was devoted to the worship of ,ixcoauhqui 7,sahagun74 ,the word literally means the place of spreading hairs1 the rays or ornaments spreading from the head of the statue of the god representing flames 7,sahagun74 ,the reference in v4 #f seems to be to one of the women who were sacrificed at the festival1 as related by ,sahagun 7,lib4 ,,ii41 ,app474 ,,vii4 ,mimixcoa icuic4 #a4 ,chicomoztoc quinexaqui1 ani aueponi1 ani1 ani1 teyomi4 #b4 ,tziuactitlan quinexaqui1 ani a aueponi1 ani1 ani1 teyomi4 #c4 ,oya nitemoc1 oya nitemoc1 aya ica nitemoc notziuaquimiuh1 aya ica nitemoc notziuaquimiuh4 #d4 ,oya nitemoc1 oya nitemoc1 ayayca nitemoc nomatlauacal4 #e4 ,ni quimacui1 ni quimacui1 yuaya niquimacui1 niquimacui1 yuanya ayo macuiui4 #f4 ,tlachtli icpacaya1 uel incuicaya1 quetzalcuxcuxaya1 quinanquilia inteutla1 aay4 ,var4 #a4 ,quinehoaqui4 #b4 ,quineuaqui4 #f4 ,ipac4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 chicomoztoc oniualleuac ani aueponi1 ichichimecatlatol1 ani aueponi1 ani1 ani teyomi4 #b4 ,q4n41 tziuactli in itlan oniualleuac ani aueponi1 ani1 ani teyomi4 #c4 ,oya nitemoc1 q4n41 onitemoc onitlacatl ipan ynotziuacmiuh2 onitemoc ipan ynotziuacmiuh a niman ipan nitlacat ynotlauitol ynomiuh4 #d4 ,q4n41 onitemoc onitlacat inipan nomatlauacal a niman ipan nitlacat4 #e4 ,y yacatlatol4 ,yc a a inya in chichimeca in chichimecatlatol4 #f4 ,q4n41 yn tlataica tictecazque totlach uncan ticuicazque noyehuatl in quetzalcocox4 ,hymn of ,mixcoatl4 #a4 ,i come forth from ,chicomoztoc1 only to you1 my friends1 to you1 honored ones4 #b4 ,i come forth from ,tziuactitlan1 only to you my friends1 only to you honored ones4 #c4 ,i sought1 ,i sought1 in all directions ,i sought with my pack2 in all directions ,i sought with my pack4 #d4 ,i sought1 ,i sought1 in all directions ,i sought with my traveling net4 #e4 ,i took them in hand1 ,i took them in hand2 yes1 ,i took them in hand2 yes1 ,i took them in hand4 #f4 ,in the ball ground ,i sang well and strong1 like to the quetzal bird2 ,i answered back to the god4 ,notes4 ,the ,chichimecs1 says ,sahagun 7,hist41 ,lib4 ,,vi41 cap4 #g71 worshipped only one god1 called ,mixcoatl4 ,the ,anales de ,cuauhtitlan speaks of ,mixcoatl as one of the leaders of the ancient ,nahuas from their primitive home ,chicomoztoc1 the land of the ,seven ,caves4 ,this is what is referred to in the above hymn4 ,in later times ,mixcoatl became god of hunting and of the tornado1 and his worship extended to the ,otomis4 ,tzihuactitlan1 the land of the tzihuac bushes1 ,i have not found mentioned by any of the ,spanish authorities1 but it is named in connection with ,chicomoztoc in an ancient war-song given in my ,ancient ,nahuatl ,poetry1 pp4 #hh and #adj4 ,the hymn appears to be in memory of the leadership of ,mixcoatl in conducting the ancestors of the ,nahua on their long wanderings after leaving their pristine seats4 ,it should be read in connection with the earlier pages of the ,annals of ,cuauhtitlan4 ,the reduplicated form of the name1 ,mimixcoatl1 is not found elsewhere1 and appears to be a poetic license4 ,,viii4 ,xochipilli icuic4 #a4 ,ye cuicaya tocniuaya ouaya yeo1 ye cuicaya ye quetzalcoxcuxa yoaltica tlao inteutla1 oay4 #b4 an quicaquiz nocuic ocoyoalle teumechaue1 oquicaquiz nocuica in cipactonalla atilili1 ouayya4 #c4 ,ayao1 ayao1 ayao1 ayao1 nitlanauati ay tlalocan tlamacazque1 ayao1 ayao1 ayao4 #d4 ,ayao1 ayao1 ayao1 tlalocan tlamacazque nitlanauati1 aya1 ayao1 ayyao4 #e4 ,ao ani uallaic1 otli nepaniuia1 cani inteutla campa ye noyaz1 campa otli nicyatoca a oay4 #f4 ,ayao1 aya1 ayao1 tlalocan tlamacazque1 quiauiteteu1 ayyao1 aya1 ayao4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 ca otonac1 ca otlatuic ca ye cuico ca ye cuica centeotl in quetzalcocox4 #b4 ,q4n41 macaco in tocuic ynican maquicaquican yn nican tlaca4 #c4 ,q4n41 in tlaloque tlamacazque niquinnauatia ye niauh in nochan4 #d4 ,q4n41 yn tlaloque tlamacazque niquinnauatia ye niauh in nochan4 #e4 ,q4n41 ca onitlanauati ni tlaloca catli ye nictocaz utli4 #f4 ,q4n41 yn antlaloque yn antlamacazque catli nictocaz yn anteteuh4 ,hymn to ,xochipilli4 #a4 ,o friends1 the quetzal bird sings1 it sings its song at midnight to ,cinteotl4 #b4 ,the god will surely hear my song by night1 he will hear my song as the day begins to break4 #c4 ,i send forth the priests to the house of ,tlaloc4 #d4 ,the priests to the house of ,tlaloc do ,i send forth4 #e4 ,i shall go forth1 ,i shall join myself unto them1 ,i shall go where is ,cinteotl1 ,i shall follow the path to him4 #f4 ,the priests go forth to the house of ,tlaloc1 to the home of the gods of the plain4 ,notes4 ,xochipilli1 lord of flowers1 otherwise named ,macuilxochitl1 five flowers 7the name of a small odorous plant71 was the deity who gave and protected all flowering plants4 ,as one of the gods of fertility and production1 he was associated with ,tlaloc1 god of rains1 and ,cinteotl1 god of maize4 ,his festival is described in ,sahagun 7,historia1 ,lib4 ,i41 cap4 #ad74 #b4 ,cipactonalla1 from cipactli1 and tonalli1 may refer to ,cipactonal1 the reputed discoverer of the ,aztec calendar4 ,see ,sahagun1 ,historia1 ,lib4 ,,iv41 cap4 ,i4 ,,ix4 ,xochiquetzal icuic4 #a4 ,atlayauican ni xochiquetzalli tlacya niuitza ya motencaliuan tamoanchan oay4 #b4 ,ye quitichocaya tlamacazecatla piltzintecutlo quiyatemoaya ye xochinquetzalla xoyauia ay topa niaz1 oay4 ,var4 #b4 ,icotochiquetzalla4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 ompa niuitz ynixochiquetzal tamoanchan4 #b4 ,q4n41 choca piltzintecutli quitemoa in xochiquetzal xoyauia no umpa niaz4 ,hymn to ,xochiquetzal4 #a4 ,i1 ,xochiquetzal1 go forth willingly to the dancing place by the water1 going forth to the houses in ,tamoanchan4 #b4 ,ye noble youths1 ye priests who wept1 seeking ,xochiquetzal1 go forth there where ,i am going4 ,notes4 ,xochiquetzal1 plumage of flowers1 was the deity of the artists1 the painters1 weavers1 engravers on metal1 silver and goldsmiths1 and of all who dealt in fine colors4 ,her figure was that of a young woman with gay garments and jewelry 7,duran1 ,historia1 cap4 #id74 ,in the ,codex ,telleriano-,remensis she is assigned as synonyms ,ichpochtli1 the ,virgin1 and ,itzpapalotl1 literally the obsidian butterfly1 but which was probably applied to a peculiar ornament of her idol4 ,on ,tamoanchan see notes to ,hymn ,,iv4 ,the term atlayauican1 which ,i have translated the dancing place by the water1 appears to refer to the jar dance1 baile de las jicaras1 which took place at the festival of the goddess1 in the month of ,october4 ,duran informs us this was executed at a spot by the shore of the lake4 ,ceremonial bathing was carried on at the same festival1 and these baths were considered to cleanse from sin1 as well as from physical pollution4 ,x4 ,amimitl icuic4 #a4 ,cotiuana1 cotiuana1 cali totoch maca huiya yyalimanico1 oquixanimanico1 tlacochcalico1 oua1 yya yya1 matonicaya1 matonicalico1 oua yya yo1 ana1 ana1 ayoueca niuia1 ana canoya1 ueca niuia1 yya1 yya1 yyeuaya1 ana1 ana1 yeucua niuia4 #b4 ,ye necuiliyaya1 niuaya1 niuaya1 niuaya1 ay ca nauh niuahuaya1 niuaya1 niuaya1 ay ca nauh4 #c4 ,tlaixtotoca ye ca nauhtzini1 tlaixtotoca ye ca nauhtzini1 ayoaya1 yoaya1 ye ca nauhtzini4 #d4 ,aueya itzipana nomauilia1 aueya itzipana nomauilia1 aueya itzipana nomauilia4 ,var4 #a4 ,manca4 ,matinicaya4 ,gloss4 ,in amimitl icuic yuh mitoa in ueli chichimeca cuic amo uel caquizti in quein quitoa in tonauatlatol ypa4 ,hymn to ,amimitl4 #a4 ,join together your hands in the house1 take hands in the sequent course1 let them spread forth1 spread forth in the hall of arrows4 ,join hands1 join hands in the house1 for this1 for this have ,i come1 have ,i come4 #b4 ,yes1 ,i have come1 bringing four with me1 yes ,i have come1 four being with me4 #c4 ,four noble ones1 carefully selected1 four noble ones1 carefully selected1 yes1 four noble ones4 #d4 ,they personally appear before his face1 they personally appear before his face1 they personally appear before his face4 ,notes4 ,the brief ,gloss to this ,hymn states that it is of ancient ,chichimec origin and that it cannot well be rendered in ,nahuatl4 ,its language is exceedingly obscure1 but it is evidently a dancing song4 ,amimitl1 the water-arrow1 or fish-spear1 was1 according to ,torquemada1 especially worshipped at ,cuitlahuac4 ,he was god of fishing1 and visited the subjects of his displeasure with diseases of a dropsical or watery character 7,monarquia ,indiana1 ,lib4 ,,vi41 cap4 #bi74 ,on slender and questionable grounds ,clavigero identifies him with ,opochtli1 the god of net makers and fishers with nets 7,storia ,antica del ,messico1 ,tom4 ,,ii41 p4 #bj74 ,the four noble ones referred to in vv4 #c and #d probably refer to those characters in the ,mexican sacred dances called the four auroras1 four actors clothed respectively in white1 green1 yellow and red robes4 ,see ,diego ,duran1 ,historia1 cap4 #hg4 ,,xi4 ,otontecutli icuic4 #a4 ,onoalico1 onoalico1 pomaya1 yyaya1 ayyo1 ayyo1 aya1 aya1 ayyo4 #b4 ,chimalocutitlana motlaqueuia auetzini nonoualico1 quauinochitla1 cacauatla motlaqueuia auetzini4 #c4 ,ni tepanecatli aya cuecuexi1 ni quetzallicoatli aya cuecuexi4 #d4 ,cane ca ya itziueponi1 cane ca ya itziueponi4 #e4 ,otomico1 noyoco1 nauaco1 mexicame ya yauilili1 noyoco1 nauaco1 mexicame ya4 #f4 ,a chimalli aya1 xa1 xauino quiyauilili1 noyoco1 nauaco1 mexicame ya4 ,var4 #b4 ,nonoualco4 ,hymn of ,olontecutli4 #a4 ,at ,nonoalco he rules1 at ,nonoalco1 ,oho6 ,oho6 #b4 ,in the pine woods he prepares your destruction at ,nonoalco1 in the tuna woods1 in the cacao woods he prepares your destruction4 #c4 ,i1 dweller in the palace1 shook them2 ,i1 ,quetzalcoatl1 shook them4 #d4 ,there was a splendor of spears1 a splendor of spears4 #e4 ,with my captain1 with my courage1 with my skill1 the ,mexicans were put to flight2 even the ,mexicans1 with my courage1 with my skill4 #f4 ,go forth1 ye shield bearers1 put the ,mexicans to flight with my courage1 with my skill4 ,notes4 ,the absence of a ,gloss to this hymn adds to the difficulty of a translation4 ,otontecutli was the chief deity of the ,otomis1 and the chant appears to be one of their war songs in their conflict with the ,azteca4 ,the name is a compound of otomitl1 an ,otomi1 and tecutli1 ruler or lord4 ,he is slightly referred to by ,sahagun as the first ruler to govern the ancestors of the ,otomis4 7,historia1 ,lib4 ,x1 cap4 #bi1 sec4 #e47 ,,xii4 ,ayopechtli icuic4 #a4 ,cane cana ichan1 ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixiuhtoc4 #b4 ,cane cana ichan ayopechcatl cozcapantica mixiuhtoc1 cane ichan chacayoticaya4 #c4 ,xiualmeuayauia1 xiua xiualmeuayaauiaya yancuipilla1 xiualmeuaya4 #d4 ,auiya xiualmeuaya1 ueya1 xiua1 xiualmeuaya1 cozcapilla xiualmeuaya4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 in oncan ichan ayopechtli oncan mixiuiqui tlacatilia in cuzcatl quetzalli4 #b4 ,cane cana ichan1 q4n41 in oncan ichan ayopechcatl oncan quitlacatilia in cozcatl quetzalli oncan yoliua1 tlacatiua4 #c4 ,q4n41 ximeua1 ximeua1 in tipiltzintli xiualmeua in quinotitlacat tipiltzintli4 #d4 ,q4n41 xiualmeua1 xiualmeua1 in tipiltzintli in ti cuzcatl1 in ti quetzalli4 ,hymn to ,ayopechcatl4 #a4 ,truly in whatever house there is a lying-in1 ,ayopechcatl takes charge of the child4 #b4 ,truly in whatever house there is a lying-in1 ,ayopechcatl takes charge of the child1 there where it is weeping in the house4 #c4 ,come along and cry out1 cry out1 cry out1 you new comer1 come along and cry out4 #d4 ,come along and cry out1 cry out1 cry out1 you little jewel1 cry out4 ,notes4 ,the name of ,ayopechcatl does not appear among the divinities named by ,sahagun1 ,duran or the other authorities at my command4 ,her name indicates her function as the goddess of the child-bed and the neonatus1 and the above hymn establishes her claim to a place in the ,aztec pantheon4 ,,xiii4 ,ciuacoatl icuic4 #a4 ,quaui1 quaui1 quilaztla1 coaeztica xayaualoc uiuiya quauiuitl uitzalochpa chalima aueuetl ye colhoa4 #b4 ,huiya tonaca1 acxolma centla teumilco chicauaztica1 motlaquechizca4 #c4 ,uitztla1 uitztla1 nomactemi1 uitztla1 uitztla nomactemi1 aan teumilco chicauaztica motlaquechizca4 #d4 ,malinalla nomactemi1 aan teumilco chicauaztica motlaquechizca4 #e4 ,a omei quauhtli1 ye tonanaya chalmecatecutli ay tziuac y mauiztla nechyatetemilli1 yeua nopiltzinaya mixcoatla4 #f4 ,ya tonani1 yauiuatzin1 aya tonan yauiuatzi aya y maca coliuacan y yuitla y potocaya4 #g4 ,ahuiya ye tonaquetli1 yautlatocaya1 ahuiya ye tonaquetli yautlatocaya moneuila no tlaca cenpoliuiz aya y maca coliuaca y yuitla y potocaya4 #h4 ,ahuia quauiuitl amo xayaualli onauiya yecoyametl amo xayaualli4 ,var4 #a4 ,cohoaeztica4 #b4 ,acxoima4 #g4 ,maneuila1 cenpoalihuiz1 inmaca4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 in quauhcihuatl1 ic oxaualoc in coaetztli1 ioan in quauhtli yhuitli in moteneua iquauhtzon1 ipan iualuicoc yn umpa colhuacan4 #b4 ,q4n41 inic motocaya entli1 in mochiuaya teumilpa1 ichicauaztica inic tlatatacaya1 inic tocaya4 #c4 ,uitztla1 q4n41 nomactemi nochicauaztica inic nitocaya1 inic nitlatatacaya4 #d4 ,malinalla1 uictli1 q4n41 uictica in tlachpanaya1 id est1 iceliniquia1 yn uncan teumilpan auh ychicauaztica inic nitlatatacaya1 inic tocaya4 #e4 ,q4n41 matlactli omei quauhtli yn notonal innamona auh ynan nopilhoan in chalmeca xicuiti in tziuactli xinechtemilica4 #f4 ,q4n41 in iyauciuatzin yn amona umpa nochan in coluaca auh in quauiuitl nictemaca ynic oquauhtiuac4 #g4 ,q4n41 ca otonac ca otlatuic momochiua yauyutl ma tlamalo tlalpiliuiz nic temaca in quauiuitl4 #h4 ,q4n41 aahuia yn otlamaloc in quauiuitl yc moxaua4 ,hymn to ,cihuacoatl4 #a4 ,quilaztli1 plumed with eagle feathers1 with the crest of eagles1 painted with serpents' blood1 comes with her hoe1 beating her drum1 from ,colhuacan4 #b4 ,she alone1 who is our flesh1 goddess of the fields and shrubs1 is strong to support us4 #c4 ,with the hoe1 with the hoe1 with hands full1 with the hoe1 with hands full1 the goddess of the fields is strong to support us4 #d4 ,with a broom in her hands the goddess of the fields strongly supports us4 #e4 ,our mother is as twelve eagles1 goddess of drum-beating1 filling the fields of tzioac and maguey like our lord ,mixcoatl4 #f4 ,she is our mother1 a goddess of war1 our mother1 a goddess of war1 an example and a companion from the home of our ancestors 7,colhuacan74 #g4 ,she comes forth1 she appears when war is waged1 she protects us in war that we shall not be destroyed1 an example and companion from the home of our ancestors4 #h4 ,she comes adorned in the ancient manner with the eagle crest1 in the ancient manner with the eagle crest4 ,notes4 ,cihuacoatl was the mythical mother of the human race4 ,her name1 generally translated serpent woman1 should be rendered woman of twins or bearing twins1 as the myth related that such was her fertility that she always bore two children at one lying-in4 7,torquemada1 ,monarquia ,indiana1 ,lib4 ,,vi41 cap4 #ca47 ,she was also known by the title ,tonan or ,tonantzin1 our mother1 as in v4 #e and #f4 ,still another of her appellations was ,quilaztli1 which is given her in v4 #a4 7,comp4 ,sahagun1 ,historia1 ,lib4 ,,vi41 cap4 #bg47 ,she was essentially a goddess of fertility and reproduction4 ,the name cihuacoatl was also applied to one of the higher magistrates and war chiefs in the ,aztec army 7,sahagun74 ,reference is made to this in v4 #f4 ,as a goddess of venerable antiquity1 she is spoken of as coming from ,colhuacan1 the place of the old men1 or of the ancestors of the tribe4 ,this name is derived from coloa1 to bend down1 as an aged person1 colli1 an old man4 7,see my ,ancient ,nahuatl ,poetry1 pp4 #agb-c74 ,,xiv4 ,izcatqui yn cuicatl chicuexiuhtica meuaya iniquac atamalqualoya4 #a4 ,xochitl noyollo cuepontimania ye tlacoyoalle1 oaya1 oouayaye4 #b4 ,yecoc ye tonan1 yecoc ye teutl tlacolteutla1 oaya1 ooayaya4 #c4 ,otlacatqui enteutl tamiyoanichan ni xochitlicacani4 ey xochitli yantala1 yantata1 ayyao1 ayyaue1 tilili yao1 ayaue1 oayyaue4 #d4 ,otlacatqui enteutl1 atl1 yayaui cani tlaca pillachiualoya chalchimichuacan1 yyao1 yantala1 yatanta1 a yyao1 ayyaue tilili yao1 ayyaue1 oayyaue4 #e4 ,oya tlatonazqui tlauizcalleuaya inan tlachinaya nepapan quechol1 xochitlacacan y yantala1 yantata1 ayyao1 ayyaue1 tilili yao1 ayyaue1 oayyayaue4 #f4 ,tlalpa timoquetzca1 tianquiz nauaquia nitlacatla1 ni quetzalcoatla1 yyao1 yantala1 yantata1 ayyao1 ayyaue1 tilili yao ayyaue1 oayyayue4 #g4 ,ma ya auiallo xochinquauitl itlani nepapan quecholli ma ya in quecholli xicaquiya tlatoaya y toteuh1 xicaquiya tlatoaya y quechol amach yeua tonicauh tlapitza amach ychan tlacaluaz1 ouao4 #h4 ,aye oho1 yyayya1 a miquiyecauiz a noxocha tonaca xochitli ye izqui xochitla1 xochitlicacan1 yyaa4 #i4 ,ollama1 ollama uiue xolutl nauallachic1 ollama ya xolutl chalchiuecatl xiquitta mach1 oya moteca piltzintecutli yoanchan1 yoanchan4 #aj4 ,piltzintle1 piltzintle touitica timopotonia tlachco1 timotlalli yoanchan1 yoanchan4 #aa4 ,oztomecatla yyaue1 oztomecatla xochiquetzal quimama1 ontlatca cholola1 ayye1 ayyo1 oye maui noyol1 oye maui noyol1 aoya yecoc centeutl1 matiuia obispo1 oztomecatl chacalhoa1 xiuhnacochtla1 yteamic ximaquiztla yteamico1 ayye1 ayye4 #ab4 ,cochina1 cochina1 cocochi ye nicmaololo1 ni cani ye iuatl ni cochina yyeo1 ouayeo1 yho1 yya1 yya4 ,var4 #c4 enteuteutl4 #d4 ,uillachiualoia4 #e4 ,oya tonazqui4 #f4 ,tlapan4 #aj4 ,timotlalia4 #aa4 ,suchiquetzal4 ,ontlatoa cholollan4 ,this is the ,hymn which they sang every eight years when they fasted on bread and water4 #a4 ,the flower in my heart blossoms and spreads abroad in the middle of the night4 #b4 ,tonan has satisfied her passion1 the goddess ,tlazolteotl has satisfied her passion4 #c4 ,i1 ,cinteotl1 was born in ,paradise1 ,i come from the place of flowers4 ,i am the only flower1 the new1 the glorious one4 #d4 ,cinteotl was born from the water2 he came born as a mortal1 as a youth1 from the cerulean home of the fishes1 a new1 a glorious god4 #e4 ,he shone forth as the sun2 his mother dwelt in the house of the dawn1 varied in hue as the quechol bird1 a new1 a glorious flower4 #f4 ,i came forth on the earth1 even to the market place like a mortal1 even ,i1 ,quetzalcoatl1 great and glorious4 #g4 ,be ye happy under the flower-bush varied in hue as the quetzal bird2 listen to the quechol singing to the gods2 listen to the singing of the quechol along the river2 hear its flute along the river in the house of the reeds4 #h4 ,alas6 would that my flowers would cease from dying2 our flesh is as flowers1 even as flowers in the place of flowers4 #i4 ,he plays at ball1 he plays at ball1 the servant of marvellous skill2 he plays at ball1 the precious servant2 look at him2 even the ruler of the nobles follows him to his house4 #aj4 ,o youths6 ,o youths6 follow the example of your ancestors2 make yourselves equal to them in the ball count2 establish yourselves in your houses4 #aa4 ,she goes to the mart1 they carry ,xochiquetzal to the mart2 she speaks at ,cholula2 she startles my heart2 she startles my heart2 she has not finished1 the priest knows her2 where the merchants sell green jade earrings she is to be seen1 in the place of wonders she is to be seen4 #ab4 ,sleep1 sleep1 sleep1 ,i fold my hands to sleep1 ,i1 ,o woman1 sleep4 ,notes4 ,in default of a ,gloss to this hymn1 the indispensable ,sahagun again comes to our aid4 ,he informs us in the ,appendix to the second book of his ,historia that ,when the ,indians celebrated the festival called atamalqualiztli1 which took place every eight years1 certain natives called ,mazateca swallowed living serpents and frogs1 and received garments as a recompense for their daring4 ,we are not informed as to the purpose of the festival1 and its name1 which signifies eating bread made with water1 is merely that of one of the regular systems of fasting in vogue in ancient ,mexico4 7,see ,sahagun1 ,lib4 ,,iii41 cap4 #h47 ,the song before us appears to be a recitation calling on a number of the ,nahua divinities4 #a4 ,the flower in my heart is a metaphorical expression for song4 #b4 ,tonan1 ,our ,mother2 ,tlazolteotl1 the goddess of lascivious love1 ,venus impudica4 ,the verb yecoa appears to have its early signification1 expressing carnal connection4 #c4 ,centeotl1 god of maize and fertility4 #h4 ,the flowers referred to are the youths and maidens who die young4 #i4 ,the house of the ball player is the tomb4 #aa4 ,this verse is very obscure and is obviously corrupt4 ,it contains the only ,spanish word in the text of these hymns--obispo--a word including two letters1 b and s1 not in the ,nahuatl alphabet4 #ab4 ,the woman referred to is ,xochiquetzal4 ,see ,hymn ,,ix4 ,illustration3 ,,priest ,,of ,,xippe ,,totec1 ,,drinking ,,and ,,playing ,,on ,a ,,drum4 ,,hymn ,,xv4 ,,xv4 ,xippe icuic1 ,totec1 yoallauana4 #a4 ,yoalli tlauana1 iztleican nimonenequia xiyaqui mitlatia teocuitlaquemitl1 xicmoquenti quetlauia4 #b4 ,noteua chalchimamatlaco1 apana1 y temoya ay quetzallaueuetl1 ay quetzalxiuicoatl1 nechiya iqui nocauhquetl1 ouiya4 #c4 ,maniyauia1 nia nia poliuiz1 ni yoatzin achalchiuhtla noyollo1 ateucuitlatl nocoyaitaz1 noyolceuizqui tlacatl achtoquetl tlaquauaya1 otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl ouiya4 #d4 ,noteua ce in tlaco xayailiuiz onoa y yoatzin motepeyocpa mitzualitta moteua1 noyolceuizquin tlacatl achtoquetl tlaquauaya1 otlacatqui yautlatoaquetl1 ouiya4 ,var4 #a4 ,quetloujia4 #b4 ,noteuhoa chalchimmama tlacoapana itemoia4 #c4 ,achalchiuhtla4 #d4 ,centlaco1 mitzualitla4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 yn ti yoallauana1 ti xipe1 totec1 tleica in ti monequi in timouma1 in timotlatia1 id est1 tleica in amo quiauiteocuitlaquemitl1 xicmoquenti1 q4n41 ma quiaui1 ma ualauh yn atl4 #b4 ,q4n41 yn ti noteuh1 otemoc in mauhoualla yn mauh2 ay quetzalla ueuetl1 id est1 ye tlaquetzalpatia ye tlaxoxouia1 ye xopantla4 ,ay quetzal xiuhcoatl nechia iqui no cauhquetl1 id est1 ca ye otechcauh yn mayanaliztli4 #c4 ,q4n41 ma mauh1 ma nipoliui yn ni yoatzin1 id est1 in catleuatl1 yuhquin chalchiuitl noyollo4 ,a teocuitlatl nocoyaitaz1 q4n41 in catleuatl achtomochiuaz ninoyolceuiz4 #d4 ,q4n41 yn oteuh cequi tlatlacotyan in mochiua initonacayouh1 auh in tlein tlatlacotyan achto mochiua mochi tlacatl achto mitzualmaca1 auh iniquac ye omochimochiuh occeppa nomochi tlacatl mitzualmaca yn motonacayuh4 ,hymn of the ,high ,priest of ,xipe ,totec4 #a4 ,the nightly drinking1 why should ,i oppose it8 ,go forth and array yourselves in the golden garments1 clothe yourselves in the glittering vestments4 #b4 ,my god descended upon the water1 into the beautiful glistening surface2 he was as a lovely water cypress1 as a beauteous green serpent2 now ,i have left behind me my suffering4 #c4 ,i go forth1 ,i go forth about to destroy1 ,i1 ,yoatzin2 my soul is in the cerulean water2 ,i am seen in the golden water2 ,i shall appear unto mortals2 ,i shall strengthen them for the words of war6 #d4 ,my god appears as a mortal2 ,o ,yoatzin1 thou art seen upon the mountains2 ,i shall appear unto mortals2 ,i shall strengthen them for the words of war4 ,notes4 ,there is slight mention of the deity ,xipe ,totec in the ,spanish writers4 ,he was the patron divinity of the silversmiths1 and his festival1 attended with peculiarly bloody rites1 was celebrated in the first month of the calendar4 7,duran1 ,historia1 cap4 #hg2 ,sahagun1 ,lib4 ,i41 cap4 #ah1 ,lib4 ,,ii41 cap4 #ba1 etc47 ,totec is named as one of the companions of ,quetzalcoatl1 and an ancient divinity whose temple stood on the ,tzatzitepec 7see the ,codex ,vaticanus2 ,tab4 ,,xii41 in ,kingsborough's ,mexico74 ,his high priest was called ,youallauan1 the nocturnal tippler 7youalli1 night1 and tlauana1 to drink to slight intoxication71 and it was his duty to tear out the hearts of the human victims 7,sahagun1 u4s474 ,the epithet ,yoatzin1 noble night-god1 bears some relation to the celebration of his rites at night4 ,illustration3 ,,chicomecoatl1 ,,goddess ,,of ,,food ,,and ,,drink4 ,,hymn ,,xvi4 ,,xvi4 ,chicomecoatl icuic4 #a4 ,chicomollotzin xayameua1 ximiotica aca tona titech icnocauazqui tiyauia mochan tlallocan nouia4 #b4 ,xayameua ximiotica aca tonan titech icnocauazqui tiyauian mochan tlallocan nouiya4 ,var4 #a4 ,xaia mehoa4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 yn ti chicomolotl1 id est1 in ti centli ximeua1 xia1 xixoa1 ca otimouicaya in mochan tlallocan4 #b4 ,q4n41 xayameua1 id est1 ximeua1 xixua1 xia1 ca otimouicaya in mochantzinco in tlallocan ca yuhquin ti tonatzon4 ,hymn to ,chicomecoatl4 #a4 ,o noble ,chicomolotl1 arise1 awake1 leave us not unprotected on the way1 conduct us to the home of ,tlaloc4 #b4 ,arise1 awake1 leave us not unprotected on the way1 conduct us to the home of ,tlaloc4 ,notes4 ,the goddess ,chicomecoatl1 seven guests1 was the deity who presided over food and drink4 ,hence in the first verse she is referred to as ,chicomolotl1 seven ears of corn1 and is spoken of as a guide to ,tlalocan1 or the home of abundance4 ,father ,duran1 who gives a long chapter on this goddess 7,historia1 cap4 #ib71 translates her name serpent of seven heads1 and adds that she was also called ,chalciucihuatl1 ,lady of the ,emerald1 and ,xilonen1 goddess of the tender ears of maize4 ,every kind of seed and vegetable which served for food was under her guardianship1 and hence her festival1 held about the middle of ,september1 was particularly solemn4 ,her statue represented her as a girl of about twelve years old4 ,illustration3 ,,totochtin1 ,,the ,,rabbits1 ,,gods ,,of ,,the ,,drunkards4 ,,hymn ,,xvii4 ,,xvii4 ,totochtin incuic ,tezcatzoncatl4 #a4 ,yyaha1 yya yya1 yya ayya1 ayya ouiya1 ayya yya1 ayya yya1 yyauiyya1 ayya ayya1 yya ayya1 yya yya yye4 #b4 ,coliuacan mauizpan atlacatl ichana1 yya ayya1 yyayyo4 #c4 ,tezcatzonco tecpan teutl1 macoc ye chocaya1 auia1 macaiui1 macayui teutl1 macoc yye chocaya4 #d4 ,auia axalaco tecpanteutl1 macoc yye chocaya1 macayui1 macayui teutl1 macoc yye chocaya4 ,var4 #c4 ,tezcatzoncatl tepan4 #d4 ,axalaca4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,y tlauelcuic1 tlauelcuica4 #b4 ,coliuacan mauizpa tlacatlichana1 q4n41 in tlacatl1 id est1 octli ompa ichan ni colhoacan4 ,mauizpa1 q4n41 temamauhtican4 #c4 ,tezcatzonco tecpanteutl1 q4n41 ye choca in omacoc teutl tezcatzonco tecpan1 id est1 octli4 ,quimonacayotia in teutl4 ,macaiui teutl1 q4n41 macamo omatoni in teutl1 id est1 octli1 ye choca cayamo ynemac4 #d4 ,aia axalaco tecpanteutl1 q4n41 axala in tecpanteutl4 ,ye choca yn omacoc1 id est1 octli axalatecpan1 ye choca in omacoc1 macamo omaco ni ye choca cayamo ynemac4 ,hymn to ,tezcatzoncatl ,totochtin4 #a4 ,alas6 alas6 alas6 alas6 alas6 alas6 #b4 ,in the home of our ancestors this creature was a fearful thing4 #c4 ,in the temple of ,tezcatzoncatl he aids those who cry to him1 he gives them to drink2 the god gives to drink to those who cry to him4 #d4 ,in the temple by the water-reeds the god aids those who call upon him1 he gives them to drink2 the god aids those who cry unto him4 ,notes4 ,tezcatzoncatl was one of the chief gods of the native inebriating liquor1 the pulque4 ,its effects were recognized as most disastrous1 as is seen from his other names1 ,tequechmecaniani1 he who hangs people1 and ,teatlahuiani1 he who drowns people4 ,sahagun remarks1 ,they always regarded the pulque as a bad and dangerous article4 ,the word ,totochtin1 plural of tochtli1 rabbit1 was applied to drunkards1 and also to some of the deities of special forms of drunkenness4 ,the first verse is merely a series of lamentations4 ,the second speaks of the sad effects of the pulque in ancient times4 7,on ,colhuacan see ,notes to ,hymn ,,xiii47 ,illustration3 ,,atlaua1 ,,singing ,,and ,,dancing4 ,,hymn ,,xviii4 ,,xviii4 ,atlaua ,icuic4 #a4 ,auia nichalmecatl1 nichalmecatl1 neaualcautla1 neaualcautla1 olya quatonalla olya4 #b4 ,ueya1 ueya1 macxoyauh quilazteutl y tlapani macxoyauh4 #c4 ,nimitz acatecunotzaya1 chimalticpao moneoya nimitzacatecunotzaya4 #d4 ,ayac nomiuh timalla aytolloca nacatl nomiuh aca xeliui timalla4 #e4 ,tetoma amo yolcana tlamacazquinte tometl1 aan axcan ye quetzaltototl1 nic ya izcaltiquetla4 #f4 ,y yopuchi noteuh atlauaquetl1 aa naxcan ye quetzaltototl1 nic ya izcaltiquetla4 #a4 ,neaualcactla4 #b4 ,itlamani4 #d4 ,aitollaca acatl4 ,timalli4 #e4 ,tetonac amo yolcana tlamacaz quin tetometl4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 ynichalmecatl1 yn ineaualac oqixicauhteuac y nioholti1 y nioya1 ixquatechimal iquatunal4 #b4 ,q4n41 ma xiyauh ti quilazteutl1 momactemi in macxoyauh4 #c4 ,q4n41 iniquac onimitznotz1 mochimalticpac timioya4 #d4 ,q4n41 atle nomiuh yc notimaloa1 ca uel itoloc in acatl nomiuh1 yn acatl xeliui yc ninotimaloa4 #e4 ,q4n41 oncan euac in tetuman nitlacochtetumetl4 ,auh inaxcan ye quetzaltotol inic ni tlazcaltia4 #f4 ,q4n41 tiacauh in oteuh in atlaua1 auh inaxcan yuhqui quetzaltotol in nitlazcaltia4 ,the ,hymn of ,atlaua4 #a4 ,i ,chalmecatl1 ,i ,chalmecatl1 ,i leave behind my sandles1 ,i leave my sandles and my helmet4 #b4 ,go ye forth and follow the goddess ,quilaztli1 follow her #c4 ,i shall call upon thee to arise when among the shields1 ,i shall call upon thee to arise4 #d4 ,i boast of my arrows1 even my reed arrows1 ,i boast of my arrows1 not to be broken4 #e4 ,arrayed in priestly garb1 take the arrow in thy hand1 for even now ,i shall arise and come forth like the quetzal bird4 #f4 ,mighty is my god ,atlaua2 truly ,i shall arise and come forth like the quetzal bird4 ,notes4 ,atlaua1 mentioned by ,olmos1 who translates the word ,master of waters1 is a divinity of whom little is known4 ,the derivation from atlatl1 arrow1 would seem more appropriate to the words of this hymn4 ,chalmecatl1 used as a synonym in v4 #a1 appears to be from chalania1 to beat1 to strike1 as a drum4 ,on ,quilaztli see notes to ,hymn ,,xiii4 ,,xix4 ,macuilxochitl ,icuic4 #a4 ,ayya1 yao1 xochitlycaca umpan iuitza tlamacazecatla tlamocoyoalca4 #b4 ,ayya1 yao1 ayo intinotzicaya teumechaue oya1 yao1 tlauizcalac yacallea tlamacazecatlo tlamocoyoualca4 #c4 ,tetzauhteutla notecuyo tezcatlipuca quinanquilican inteutla1 oay4 #d4 ,tezcatzonco moyolca ayyaquetl yya tochin quiyocuxquia noteuh1 niquiyatlacaz1 niquiyamamaliz1 mixcoatepetl colhoacan4 #e4 ,tozquixaya1 nictzotzoniyao1 yn tezcatzintli tezcatzintli tezcaxocoyeua1 tzoniztapaliati tlaoc xoconoctlia ho1 a4 #a4 ,tlamocoioaleua4 #e4 ,tozquiuaia4 ,tzoniztapalatiati4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,q4n41 ompa nochan in xochitlicacan in itlamacazqui ni macuilxochitl4 #b4 ,q4n41 motilinia in tinoi in ompa titlaecoltilozque umpa tochan ez4 #c4 ,q4n41 yn tetzauitl in tezcatlipoca ca oyaque auh ynic tiui umpa titlananquilizque in centeotl4 #d4 ,tezcatzonco moyolcan1 q4n41 tezcatzonco oyol in tochtli ynic yaz1 oquiyocux1 oquipic1 y noteuh oquito nittlaaz1 nicmamaliz1 in mixcoatepetl colhoacan1 id est1 nictepeuaz4 #e4 ,tozquixaya nictzotzomiao1 q4n41 nictzotzona1 in tezcatzintli oncan nexa in tezcatzonco1 oncan oyol tzoniztapalatiati ocxoni ni octli4 ,hymn to ,macuilxochitl4 #a4 ,yes1 ,i shall go there to-night1 to the house of flowers2 ,i shall exercise the priestly office to-night4 #b4 ,we labor in thy house1 our mother1 from dawn unto night1 fulfilling the priestly office1 laboring in the night4 #c4 ,a dreadful god is our god ,tezcatlipoca1 he is the only god1 he will answer us4 #d4 ,his heart is in the ,tezcatzontli2 my god is not timid like a hare nor is he peaceable2 ,i shall overturn1 ,i shall penetrate the ,mixcoatepec in ,colhuacan4 #e4 ,i sing1 ,i play on an instrument1 ,i am the noble instrument1 the mirror2 ,i am he who lifts the mirror2 ,i cry aloud1 intoxicated with the wine of the tuna4 ,notes4 ,as before stated 7,notes to ,hymn ,,viii71 ,macuilxochitl is another title of the flower-god ,xochipilli4 ,,xx4 ,yacatecutli icuic4 #a4 ,anomatia aytoloc1 anomatia aytoloc1 tzocotzontla aytoloc1 tzocotzontla anomatia aytoloc4 #b4 ,pipitla aytoloc1 pipitla anomatia aytoloc1 cholotla aytoloc1 pipitla anomatia aytoloc4 #c4 ,tonacayutl nicmaceuh aa naxcan noquacuillo atliyollo1 nechualyauicatiaque xalli itepeuhya4 #d4 ,chalchiuhpetlacalco ni naxcan aa naxcan noquacuillo1 atliyollo nechualyauicatiaque xalli itepeuhya4 ,gloss4 #a4 ,anomatia1 q4n41 amo nixpan in omito yauyutl inic otepeualoc tzocotzontla1 amo nomatia in omito yauyutl4 #b4 ,pipitla aytoloc1 q4n41 ynic tepeualoc pipitla amo nicmati inic omito yauyutl1 in cholotla ic otepeualloc amo nixpan ynic oyautlatolloc4 #c4 ,tonacayutl nicmaceuh1 q4n41 yn tonacayutl inic onicmaeuh ayaxcan1 onechualhuicaque in oquacuiloan in xochayutl1 in oqniayutl in teuelteca1 quimilhui in iquintonaz tlatuiz anoquacuiloan ayezque4 ,xalli tepeuhya1 id est1 tlalocan4 ,quilmach chalchiuhpetlacalli in quitepeuh inic tepeuh4 #d4 ,chalchiuhpetlacalco ninaxcan1 q4n41 onca ninotlati in chalchiuh petlacalco4 ,ayaxcan ynechualhuicatiaque yn oquacuiloan atliyoloa in umpa tlallocan4 ,hymn to ,yacatecutli4 #a4 ,i know not what is said1 ,i know not what is said1 what is said about ,tzocotzontlan1 ,i know not what is said about ,tzocotzontlan4 #b4 ,i know not what is said of ,pipitlan1 what is said of ,pipitlan1 nor what is said of ,cholollan1 what of ,pipitlan1 of ,pipitlan4 #c4 ,now ,i seek our food1 proceeding to eat it and to drink of the water1 going to where the sand begins4 #d4 ,now ,i go to my beautiful house1 there to eat my food1 and to drink of the water1 going to where the sand begins4 ,notes4 ,the god ,yacatecutli1 whose name means lord of travelers1 or the lord who guides1 was the divinity of the merchants4 ,sahagun 7,historia1 ,lib4 ,i1 cap4 #ai7 and ,duran 7,historia1 cap4 #ij7 furnish us many particulars of his worship4 ,the hymn is extremely obscure1 containing a number of archaic words1 and my rendering is very doubtful4 ,the writer of the ,gloss is1 ,i think1 also at fault in his paraphrase4 ,the general purpose of the hymn seems to be that of a death-song1 chanted probably by the victims about to be sacrificed4 ,they were given the sacred food to eat1 as described by ,duran1 and then prepared themselves to undergo death1 hoping to go to the beautiful house1 which the ,gloss explains as ,tlalocan1 the ,terrestrial ,paradise4 ,,glossary4 ,a ,a1 prefix1 negative1 or positive prefix1 atl1 water4 ,acatecunotzaya1 ,,xviii1 #c4 ,equivalent1 according to the ,gloss1 to onimitznotz4 ,acatona1 ,,xvi1 #a1 #b4 ,for ac a tonan4 ,see v4 #b4 ,acatonalaya1 ,,iii1 #e4 ,from acatl1 reed 7874 ,achalchiuhtla1 ,,xv1 #c4 ,comp4 of atl1 and chalchiuitl4 ,achtoquetl1 ,,xv1 #c1 #d4 ,in the first place1 first4 ,acxolma1 ,,xiii1 #b4 ,apparently related to acxoyatl1 wild laurel4 ,aan1 ,,xiii1 #c4 ,much1 many times4 ,aa naxcan1 ,,xviii1 #e1 #f2 ,,xx1 #c1 #d4 ,only now1 for an axcan4 ,ahuia1 ,,ii1 #a4 ,an interjection4 ,amanteca1 ,i1 #e4 ,workers in mechanic arts 7,molina71 especially feathers 7,sahagun74 ,amapanitl1 ,,iii1 #a4 ,panitl1 banner1 flag1 with possessive pronoun4 ,amo1 adv41 no1 not1 negative2 pron41 your4 ,anauhcampa1 ,,iii1 #a4 ,to all four quarters of the water1 i4e41 in all directions4 ,anneuaya1 ,,iii1 #b4 ,poetic for in nehuatl1 ego ipse4 ,annotata1 ,,iii1 #d4 ,poetic for in no-tauan1 my forefathers4 ,annotequina1 ,,iii1 #c4 ,according to the ,gloss1 equivalent to in tino teuh1 thou my god4 ,annoteua1 ,,iii1 #b4 ,poetic for in no-teuh1 my lord4 ,anomatia1 ,,xx1 #a4 ,not to know1 to be ignorant of4 ,aoyequene1 ,,iii1 #a4 ,for aoc yequene1 and also no one4 ,apana1 ,,xv1 #b4 ,comp4 of atl1 water1 and pani1 upon1 postpos4 ,aquamotla1 ,,iii1 #e4 ,from quammomotla1 to play ball 7874 ,aquitoloc1 ,,ii1 #a4 ,a negative1 itoa1 to say1 to tell1 in the passive preterit4 ,ateucuitlatl1 ,,xv1 #c4 ,golden water4 ,comp4 of atl1 and teocuitlatl4 ,atilili1 ,,viii1 #b4 ,atilia1 to become clear or light4 ,atl1 ,,xiv1 #d4 ,water4 ,in composition1 a4 ,atliyollo1 ,,xx1 #c1 #d4 ,from atli1 to drink water4 787 ,aua1 ,,iii1 #g4 ,an interjection 7874 ,auatic1 ,,iv1 #f4 ,mistress of the waters 7atl1 water74 ,a-uetztini1 ,,xi1 #b4 ,from uetzi1 to fall2 your fall1 your destruction4 ,auiallo1 ,,xiv1 #g4 ,from auia1 to be content1 to rejoice4 ,axalaco1 ,,xvii1 #d4 ,from axalli1 a water plant1 and loc4 term4 co4 ,ayac1 ,i1 #a1 et spe4 ,nobody1 no one4 ,ayauh1 ,,iii1 #f4 ,fog1 mist2 compound form of ayauitl4 ,ayauhcalcatl1 ,,vi1 #f4 ,one who has charge of the mist4 ,compare tepancalcatl1 a gardener4 ,ayailicalo1 ,,iii1 #f4 ,from ayauh1 calli1 the house of mist1 but the ,gloss renders it by auicalo1 the fresh1 dewy house 7cf4 ,sah41 p4 #aej74 ,aylhuiolla1 ,,iii1 #b4 ,derived by the ,gloss from ilhuice1 more1 hence1 to make to grow1 to increase4 ,ayouica1 ,,vi1 #e4 ,for ayaic1 never4 ,aytoloc1 ,,xviii1 #d2 ,,xx1 #a1 #b4 ,from itoa1 to say1 to tell1 with negative prefix4 ,ayya1 ,i1 #a1 et spe2 also in the forms yya1 ya1 yyo1 yye1 aya1 ayyo1 etc4 ,an interjection1 or shout4 ,c ,ca4 #a4 ,and1 also4 #b4 ,to be4 a1 an1 ,,vii1 #a4 ,only1 solely4 ,cacauantoc1 ,,vi1 #e4 ,reduplicated from caua1 to cease1 stop1 leave off4 ,cacauatla1 ,,xi1 #b4 ,among the cacao trees4 ,calli1 ,i1 #e1 #f4 ,house2 calipan1 in the house4 ,cana1 ,,xii1 #a4 ,somewhere4 ,cane1 ,,xii1 #a4 ,for ca nel1 and truly4 ,caqui1 ,,viii1 #b4 ,to hear1 to listen4 ,caquia1 ,,ii1 #a4 ,from caqui1 to hear4 ,catlachtoquetl1 ,,iii1 #c4 ,apparently compounded of the interrogative catli and tlacatl1 man1 mortal2 what mortal8 ,catella1 ,,iii1 #d4 ,for catel2 who indeed8 ,caua1 ,,xiv1 #g2 ,,xv1 #b4 ,to cease1 to stop2 to surpass2 to lay down4 ,ce1 ,i1 #b2 ,,xv1 #d4 ,one1 a1 an4 ,cenpoliuiz1 ,,xiii1 #g4 ,from cempoliui1 to perish wholly4 ,centeutl1 ,,vii1 #f2 ,,viii1 #a1 #e2 ,,xiv1 #d2 ,,xix1 #c4 ,prop4 name4 ,the god of maize4 ,centla1 ,,xiii1 #b4 ,for centli1 ear of corn1 dried corn4 ,centlalia1 ,i1 #e1 #f4 ,to assemble4 ,chacalhoa1 ,,xiv1 #aa4 ,for chachaloa1 to tinkle1 to resound4 ,chalchimamatlaco1 ,,xv1 #b4 ,compound of chalchiuitl1 jade1 turquoise2 hence of that color2 mama1 to carry2 ref4 to betake oneself2 atl1 water2 co1 postposition4 ,chalchimichuacan1 ,,xiv1 #d4 ,the cerulean home of the fishes4 ,chalchiuhecatl1 ,,xiv1 #i4 ,from chalchiuitl1 jade2 metaphorically1 anything precious4 ,chalmecatl1 ,,xviii1 #a4 ,from chalani1 to beat1 to strike4 ,apparently a proper name4 ,chalmecatecutli1 ,,xiii1 #e4 ,ruler of the 7drum7 beaters4 ,comp4 v4 #a4 ,chalima1 ,,xiii1 #a4 ,apparently for chalani1 to strike1 to beat1 especially a drum4 ,chan1 ,,xvi1 #a1 #b2 ,,xvii1 #b4 ,house1 home4 ,chicauaztica1 ,,iii1 #f2 ,,xiii1 #b1 #c4 ,strongly1 boldly1 energetically4 ,chicomoztoc1 ,,vii1 #a4 ,at the seven caves4 ,see ,notes to ,hymn ,,vii4 ,chicomollotzin1 ,,xvi1 #a4 ,see ,notes1 p4 #ei4 ,chicueyocan1 ,,vi1 #b4 ,in eight folds4 ,from chicuei1 eight4 ,chicunaui1 ,,iv1 #f4 ,nine2 but used generally in the sense of many1 numerous4 ,chimal1 ,,xi1 #b4 ,for chimalli1 buckler1 shield4 ,chimalticpac1 ,,xviii1 #c4 ,above the shield4 ,chipuchica1 ,v1 #a4 ,metastasis for ichpochtica1 from ichpochtli1 virgin4 ,chiua1 ,,iii1 #c4 ,to make1 to form1 to do4 ,chocaya1 ,,iii1 #a1 #g4 ,from choca1 to weep1 to cry out4 ,chocayotica1 ,,xii1 #b4 ,adverbial from choca3 weepingly4 ,cholola1 ,,xiv1 #aa2 ,,xx1 #b4 ,proper name4 ,place of the fugitives4 ,cipactonalla1 ,,viii1 #b4 ,from tonalli1 the sun1 day4 ,perhaps a proper name4 ,ciuatontla1 ,,vi1 #f4 ,for ciuatontli1 little woman4 ,coatepec1 ,v1 #a4 ,at the ,coatepetl1 or ,serpent ,hill4 ,cochina1 ,,xiv1 #ab4 ,from cochi1 to sleep4 ,colhoa1 ,,xiii1 #a4 ,for ,colhoacan1 proper name4 ,coliuacan1 ,,xvii1 #b2 ,,xix1 #d4 ,proper name1 for ,colhoacan4 ,cotiuana1 ,x1 #a4 ,probably for xo7xi-on7titaana1 tie hands1 join hands4 ,coauic1 ,,iv1 #a1 #b4 ,poetic for coztic1 yellow2 literally1 yellowed1 from coauia4 ,cozcapantica1 ,,xii1 #a4 ,adverbial1 from cozcatl1 a jewel1 fig41 an infant4 ,cozcapilla1 ,,xii1 #d4 ,from cozcatl1 pilli1 jewel of a babe4 ,cuecuechiuia1 ,v1 #b4 ,from cuecuechoa1 to shake4 ,cuecuexi1 ,,xi1 #c4 ,from cuecuechoa1 to shake4 ,cueponi1 ,,iv1 #a1 etc4 ,to bloom1 to blossom4 ,cuicatl1 ,i1 #a1 et spe4 ,hymn1 song4 ,in compos41 cuic4 ,e ,eztlamiyaual1 ,,iii1 #b4 ,apparently from eztli1 blood1 race1 and tlamiauati1 to surpass1 to excel4 ,h ,huia1 ,,ii1 #c4 ,see ,ahuia4 ,y ,y1 ,i4 ,for in 7yn71 he1 it1 the1 that1 etc4 ,ya4 ,see ,ayya4 ,yancuic1 ,,iv1 #g4 ,new1 fresh1 green4 ,yancuipilla1 ,,xii1 #c4 ,new-born babe4 ,yantata1 ,,xiv1 #c4 ,an exclamation4 ,yaquetlaya1 ,i1 #a4 ,apparently a form of tlayacati1 or of yaque1 both from the root yac-1 a point1 a prominence1 to be prominent4 ,but the etymology is not clear4 ,yauciuatzin1 ,,xiii1 #f4 ,yaotl-cihuatl-tzin1 the revered war-woman4 ,yauicaya1 ,,iii1 #b4 ,from yauh1 to go4 ,yauilili1 ,,xi1 #e4 ,causative form of yauh1 to cause to go1 to put to flight4 ,yautiua1 ,i1 #e1 #f4 ,freq4 from yaotia1 to fight4 ,yautlatoaquetl1 ,,xv1 #c1 #d4 ,see yautlatoaya4 ,yautlatoaya1 ,i1 #c2 ,v4 #a4 ,from yaotl1 war1 tlatoa1 to speak4 ,yautlatoani1 ruler in war1 was one of the titles of ,huitzilopochtli4 ,yaxcana1 ,,iii1 #i4 ,axcan1 now4 ,axcatl1 goods1 property4 ,yaxca1 his1 its1 property4 ,yayalezqui1 ,,iii1 #g1 #h4 ,frequent4 of yaliztli2 to go and come1 go back and forth4 ,yca1 ,,iv1 #f4 ,with which4 ,icotl1 ,,vi1 #b4 ,a tree planted in front of temples4 ,its bark was used for mats 7,sahagun74 ,icnocaua1 ,,xvi1 #a1 #b4 ,to leave unprotected1 as orphans4 ,ye1 ,,viii1 #a4 ,already1 this1 but1 nevertheless4 ,yecoa1 ,,xiii1 #h2 ,,xiv1 #b4 #a4 ,to have carnal connection4 #b4 ,to end1 to finish4 ,yeua1 ,i1 #d1 etc4 ,for yehuatl1 he1 it1 that4 ,ihuitl1 ,i1 #c2 ,,iv1 #g4 ,a feather2 met41 a model1 pattern4 ,ihiya1 ,,ii1 #b4 ,apparently for iye1 yes1 affirmative particle4 ,ilhuiquetl1 ,,iii1 #h4 ,from ilhuia1 to say1 to call4 ,iliuiz1 ,,xv1 #e4 ,thoughtlessly2 with negative prefix a1 not thoughtlessly4 ,ymocxi1 ,i1 #b4 ,poetic for in micti1 from mictia1 to slaughter4 ,yoalticatla1 ,,viii1 #a4 ,yoalli-ticatla1 midnight4 ,yoalli1 ,,xv1 #a4 ,night4 ,yoatzin1 ,,xv1 #c1 #d4 ,reverential of yoalli1 night4 ,yocoxquia1 ,,xix1 #d4 ,peaceably1 quietly4 ,yolcan1 ,,xviii1 #e4 ,place of birth4 ,yolceuiz1 ,,xv1 #c1 #d4 ,to appease1 to please4 ,yollotl1 ,,iv1 #f4 ,heart1 mind1 center4 ,itaca1 ,,iv1 #f4 ,for itacatl1 food1 sustenance4 ,iteamic1 ,,xiv1 #aa4 ,from itta1 to see4 ,itlani1 ,,xiv1 #g4 ,see ,tlani4 ,itontecuitl1 ,,vi1 #e4 ,explained by the ,gloss by in tetecuti1 which ,i take to be an error for in teteuctin4 ,itopanecauiloc1 ,,iii1 #i4 ,the ,gloss gives ni topan4 ,the verbal is a passive from caua1 to leave1 to abandon4 ,itta1 ,,iv1 #h4 ,to see1 to esteem4 ,ytzicotla1 ,,ii1 #e4 ,for uitzicotla1 lit41 place abounding in thorns2 fig41 the south4 ,itzipana1 ,x1 #d4 ,apparently a compound of ixtli1 face1 and pan1 for the more usual ixpan1 before1 in front of2 ixtli in comp4 sometimes becomes itz1 as in itzoca1 tener sucia la cara1 ,molina1 ,vocabulario4 ,itziueponi1 ,,xi1 #d4 ,for itztle-cueponi1 resplendent with spears4 ,itzpapalotl1 ,,iv1 #e4 ,the obsidian butterfly1 an image of gold and feathers1 worn as a royal insignia4 ,see ,sahagun1 ,lib4 ,,vii1 ,cap4 #ab4 ,yua1 ,,iii1 #h4 ,to send4 ,yuitla1 ,,xiii1 #f4 ,see ihuitl4 ,yuiyoc1 ,,ii1 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,from yuiyotl1 a feather1 yuiyoa1 to be dressed in feathers1 or feather garments4 ,ixtlauatl1 ,,iv1 #f4 ,open field1 uncultivated region4 ,yyaconay1 ,i1 #a4 ,for ayac-on-ay1 as appears by the gloss4 ,yya4 ,see ,ayya4 ,izqui1 ,,xiv1 #h4 ,as many as4 ,iztac1 ,,iv1 #c1 #d4 ,white4 ,iz tleica1 ,,vi1 #c2 ,,xv1 #a4 ,here is why4 ,the interrogative changed into the predicative form4 ,see ,paredes1 ,compendio1 p4 #aed4 ,m ,ma1 ,,vi1 #a4 #a4 ,sign of negative1 no1 not4 #b4 ,sign of imperative4 ,macaiui1 ,,xvii1 #c1 #d4 ,from macoa1 and i1 to drink4 ,maceualli1 ,,vi1 #d4 ,subjects1 servants4 ,maceuh1 ,,xx1 #c4 ,from maceua1 to seek for1 to obtain4 ,mach1 ,,xiv1 #g4 ,intensive particle4 ,machiyotla1 ,,ii1 #f1 #g4 ,for machiotl1 sign1 example4 ,macoa1 ,i1 #c2 ,,xvii1 #c4 ,to aid1 to assist4 ,macxoyauh1 ,,xviii1 #c4 ,by the ,gloss1 for ma-xi-yauh1 imper4 of yauh1 to go4 ,malinalli1 ,,xiii1 #d4 ,a broom4 ,malli1 ,,ii1 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,captive2 one taken by hand4 ,mama1 ,,xiv1 #aa4 ,to carry a load on the shoulders4 ,mamalia1 ,,xix1 #d4 ,to penetrate4 ,mamauia1 ,i1 #d4 ,to frighten1 frequentative-causative1 from maui1 to fear4 ,maololo1 ,,xiv1 #ab4 ,from ma-ololo1 to cover with the hand4 ,mati1 ,,ii1 #a4 ,to know4 ,matiuia1 ,,xiv1 #aa4 ,for matihuia1 from mati4 ,matlauacal1 ,,vii1 #d4 ,a net-basket4 ,ma-tonicaya1 ,x1 #a4 ,let it shine1 let it be bright2 from tona4 ,mauia1 ,,ii1 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,to give into the hands of1 to deliver up4 ,maui noyol1 ,,xiv1 #aa4 ,to fear in my heart4 ,mauiztli1 ,,vi1 #e1 ,,xiii1 #e4 ,an honor 7cosa de estima1 ,molina74 ,a person of honor4 ,mazatl1 ,,iv1 #f4 7,doubtful47 ,deer2 any large wild animal4 ,mecatla1 ,,vi1 #b4 ,for mecatl1 cord1 rope4 ,milacatzoa1 ,i1 #d4 ,mo-ilacatzoa1 to twine oneself1 as a serpent around a tree2 refers to the xiuhcoatl1 fire-serpent1 of ,huitzilopochtli4 ,mimicha1 ,,iv1 #h4 ,fish1 for michin4 ,mimilcatoc1 ,,vi1 #b4 ,twisted1 twined4 ,miquiyecauiz1 ,,xiv1 #h4 ,compound of miqui1 to die1 and yecaui1 to cease2 to cease dying4 ,mitoaya1 ,i1 #c4 ,for mo-itoa-ya1 it is said1 they said4 ,mixcoatepetl1 ,,xix1 #d4 ,the mountain or town of ,mixcoatl4 ,mixcoatl1 ,,xiii1 #e4 ,a proper name4 ,mixiui1 ,,xii1 #a4 ,to accouch1 to bear a child4 ,mixtecatl1 ,i1 #b4 ,a proper name4 ,the ,mixteca lived on the ,pacific coast1 to the southwest1 and were not of ,nahuatl lineage4 ,mixiuiloc1 ,v1 #a4 ,from mixiui1 to accouch1 to bear a child4 ,mo-cuiltonoa1 ,,vi1 #e4 ,to rejoice or enjoy greatly4 ,moneoya1 ,,xviii1 #c4 ,from nei1 to appear4 ,mo-neuila1 ,,xiii1 #g4 ,from eua1 to rise up1 to come forth4 ,mo-quetzquetl1 ,,iii1 #a4 ,for m-oquequetz1 frequent4 of quetza2 to flow forth1 to run from and out4 ,a poetic form1 not uncommon4 ,moquichtiuiui1 ,v1 #b4 ,oquichuia1 to suffer manfully4 ,mo-teca1 ,,xiv1 #i4 ,they assemble2 impers4 from teca1 to place oneself1 to lie down4 ,moteua1 ,,xv1 #d4 ,perhaps from itoa1 to say1 it is said4 ,mo-tlaquechizca1 ,,xiii1 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,strengthened form of tlaquechia1 to rest upon2 to bear down upon2 to press upon4 ,mo-tlaqueuia1 ,,xi1 #b4 ,to seek people1 or to hire them to work injury to others4 ,mo-tonacayouh1 ,,iii1 #c4 ,our flesh2 the usual form is tonacayo4 ,moxayaual1 ,v1 #b4 ,from yaualoa1 to wander about4 ,moxocha1 ,,iv1 #b1 #d4 ,probably a compound of moxochitl-cha-yaui1 to sow flowers4 ,mozcaltizqui1 ,,iv1 #f4 ,from mo-izcali1 to resuscitate1 to animate4 ,n ,nacha1 ,,iii1 #g4 ,for nachcan1 there1 in that place4 ,nacochtla1 ,,xiv1 #aa4 ,the ears4 ,nahuia1 ,,iii1 #f4 ,from naui1 four4 ,nanquilia1 ,,vii1 #f2 ,,xix1 #c4 ,to answer4 ,nauaco1 ,,xi1 #e4 ,with 7my7 skill4 ,naualpilli1 ,,iii1 #c4 ,master magician2 said by the ,gloss to be a name of ,tlaloc4 ,sahagun gives this as one of the gods of the goldsmiths 7,lib4 ,,ix1 cap4 #ah74 ,naualachic1 ,,xiv1 #i4 ,skilfully2 from naualchiua1 to do something skilfully4 ,nauaquia1 ,,xiv1 #f4 ,perhaps for nahuaque1 an epithet of divinity4 ,nauhxiuhtica1 ,,iii1 #i4 ,after four years 7,molina74 ,neazualcactla1 ,,xviii1 #a4 ,from the ,gloss equivalent to neaualacautla1 from neaualiztli1 fast1 fasting1 and caua1 to leave4 ,nechyatetemilli1 ,,xiii1 #e4 ,reverential of temi1 to lie down1 to fill4 ,necuilia1 ,x1 #b4 ,to bring some one4 ,nella1 ,,iii1 #c4 ,for nelli1 truly4 ,nen1 adv4 ,i1 #a4 ,in vain1 of no advantage4 ,nenequia1 ,,xv1 #a4 ,to oppose1 to be angry with4 ,nenoualico1 ,,xi1 #b4 ,see ,onoalico4 ,ne is the impersonal1 pronominal prefix4 ,nepaniui1 ,,viii1 #e4 ,to join1 to unite oneself to4 ,nepanauia1 ,,iii1 #i4 ,nepan1 thither1 and yauh1 to go4 ,nepapan1 ,,ii1 #b2 ,,xiv1 #e4 ,diverse1 varied4 ,ne-qui-macui1 ,,vii1 #e4 ,i take them by the hand4 ,explained by the ,gloss to be an archaic 7chicimeca7 expression used in leading or guiding 7in dance or song74 ,niuaya1 ,x1 #b4 ,for ni-ihua-ya1 ,i sent 7some one74 ,ni-yocoloc1 ,,iii1 #b4 ,passive preterit from yocoya2 yocolia1 to be made1 composed1 created4 ,no4 #a4 ,possess1 pron4 my1 mine4 #b4 ,adv4 also1 yet4 ,noca1 ,i1 #a4 ,of me1 my1 mine4 ,nohuihuihuia1 ,i1 #a4 ,poetic form for neuiuilia1 to equal some one4 ,nomactemi1 ,,xiii1 #c1 #d4 ,no-maitl-c-temi1 my hand it fills1 with full hands4 ,nomauilia1 ,x1 #d4 ,to do a thing personally4 ,nomiuh1 ,,xviii1 #d4 ,no-omitl1 my bone1 point1 arrow4 ,nopeltzin1 ,,xiii1 #e4 ,no-pilli-tzin1 my revered lord4 ,no-tauane1 ,,vi1 #a4 ,our fathers4 ,no-tecua1 ,,vi1 #b4 ,for nic-tecuia1 ,i tie it1 ,i make it fast4 ,the ,gloss1 amo-tecuhuan1 is not intelligible4 ,no-teuh1 ,i1 #c2 ,,xx1 #b1 #d4 ,my god4 ,noyoco1 ,,xi1 #e4 ,apparently for niyoco1 with me alone4 ,noyollo1 ,,xv1 #c4 ,from yollotl1 heart1 soul1 courage1 etc4 ,o ,oc1 ,,ii1 #b4 ,yet1 besides this4 ,ocelocoatl1 ,,iii1 #d4 ,tiger snake4 ,ocoyoalle1 ,,viii1 #b4 ,the night pine4 ,apparently a proper name4 ,ocutitlana1 ,,xi1 #b4 ,among the pine woods4 ,oholopa1 ,,ii1 #c4 ,poetic compound of ololoa1 to cover1 to dress1 and oppa1 twice4 ,ollama1 ,,xiv1 #i4 ,to play at ball2 from olli1 a ball4 ,olya1 ,,xviii1 #a4 ,a form from ololoa1 to cover or clothe oneself4 ,omei1 ,,xiii1 #e4 ,for ome1 two2 the ,gloss reads matlactli ome1 twelve4 ,on1 ,i1 #a1 et spe4 ,a particle1 merely euphonic1 or signifying action at a distance4 ,onca1 spe4 ,there4 ,onoalico1 ,,xi1 #a4 ,proper name1 derived from onoua1 the impersonal form of onoc1 and meaning a peopled place1 a thickly inhabited spot4 ,the terminal1 co1 is the postposition1 at4 ,opuchi1 ,,xviii1 #f4 ,left-handed2 by the ,gloss tiacauh1 brave1 valiant4 ,oquixanimanico1 ,x1 #a4 ,a form in the second person plural1 compounded of quia and mani1 coming forth1 scatter yourselves around4 ,otlacatqui1 ,,xiv1 #c1 #d4 ,ilacati1 to be born4 ,otli1 ,,viii1 #e4 ,path1 road4 ,ouayyeo1 ,i1 #b4 ,an interjection4 ,oya1 spe4 #a4 ,an interjection4 #b4 ,preterit of yauh1 to go4 ,oyatonac1 ,,ii1 #f1 #g4 ,for otonac1 from tona1 to shine4 ,oztomecatl1 ,,xiv1 #aa4 ,a merchant4 ,p ,petlacalco1 ,,xx1 #d4 ,from petlatl1 mat1 calli1 house1 and co1 post-position4 ,peua1 ,,vi1 #c4 ,to begin4 ,picha-huazteca1 ,i1 #b4 ,proper name1 ,the frozen ,huastecs1 perhaps those living on the high ,sierra1 who were the nearest to the ,nahuas4 ,pillachiualoyan1 ,,xiv1 #d4 ,locative from pilli-chiua1 to engender offspring4 ,piltzintecutli1 ,,ix1 #b2 ,,xiv1 #i4 ,lord of the youths or children1 piltzintli4 ,pipiteca1 ,i1 #f4 ,those having charge of the spies1 from pipia1 to spy4 ,pipitla1 ,,xx1 #b4 ,reduplicated locative from pilli1 a child4 ,pinauhtia1 ,,vi1 #a4 ,to make ashamed4 ,pinauia1 ,,ii1 #a2 ,,iii1 #c1 #d4 ,to affront1 to put to shame2 to censure1 to blame4 ,poliuiz1 ,,xv1 #c4 ,from poloa1 to destroy4 ,pomaya1 ,i1 #b2 ,,xi1 #a4 ,apparently for panauia1 to conquer4 ,potocaya1 ,,xiii1 #f1 #g4 ,potli1 companion4 ,potonia1 ,,iv1 #g2 ,,xiv1 #aj4 ,to be liberal1 to give equally or freely2 to adorn with feathers4 ,poyauhtla1 ,,iii1 #f4 ,among the fogs1 from poctli1 smoke1 fog1 mist2 atl1 water4 ,pupuxotiuh1 ,i1 #c4 ,a gerundive form from popoxoa1 to till1 to work the soil2 here used figuratively4 ,q ,quacuillo1 ,,iii1 #d2 ,,xx1 #c4 ,from qua1 to eat4 ,quatonalla1 ,,xviii1 #a4 ,head bright1 the helmet on the head4 ,quaui1 ,,xiii1 #a4 ,a shortened form of quauiuitl1 in the same verse2 compound of quauhtli1 eagle1 iuitl1 feather2 a decoration explained in the ,gloss1 usually called the quauhtzontli1 eagle crest4 ,quauinochitla1 ,,xi1 #b4 ,among the tuna trees4 ,quauiquemitl1 ,,ii1 #b4 ,from quauhtli1 eagle1 quemitl1 clothing1 garb4 ,quechol1 ,,xiv1 #e1 #g4 ,a bird4 ,quentia1 ,,xv1 #a4 ,to dress oneself4 ,quetl1 ,,ii1 #b4 ,poetic for quetza1 to rise1 to come out of or from4 ,see ,gloss to ,,iii1 #g4 ,quetza1 ,,xiv1 #f4 ,to arise from4 ,quetzalaueuetl1 ,,xv1 #b4 ,of quetzal1 beautiful1 and aueuetl1 the water cypress1 fig4 chief1 lord4 ,quetzalcalla1 ,,iii1 #i4 ,the house of the quetzal1 beautiful as the quetzal bird4 ,explained in the ,gloss to be the ,place of ,joy4 ,quetzalcoatli1 ,,xi1 #c2 ,,xiv1 #f4 ,proper name4 ,quetzalcocox1 ,,vii1 #f2 ,,viii1 #g4 ,the pheasant4 ,queyamica1 ,,iii1 #h4 ,for quenamican1 how there8 ,queyanoca1 ,i1 #a4 ,according to the ,gloss1 equivalent to onoca1 from onoc4 ,quiauiteteu1 ,,viii1 #f4 ,rain gods2 quiauitl1 rain2 teteu1 plural of teotl1 god4 ,quilaztla1 ,,xiii1 #a4 ,for ,quilaztli1 another name of ,cihuacoatl4 ,quilazteutl1 ,,xviii1 #b4 ,see ,quilaztla4 ,quinexaqui1 ,,vii1 #a4 ,explained by the ,gloss by oniualleuac1 ,i came quickly 7eua1 in composition1 signifies precipitation74 ,hence it is a form from yauh1 yaqui4 ,quiyauatla1 ,,vi1 #f4 ,poetic for quiauitl1 rain4 ,t ,tamoanchan1 ,,iv1 #a1 etc4 ,we seek our home1 a name applied to the ,earthly ,paradise4 ,see p4 #bi4 ,teacuitlaquemitl1 ,,xv1 #a4 ,golden garb4 ,teca1 ,,iii1 #f4 ,to spread out1 especially of liquids4 ,tecpanteutl1 ,,xvii1 #c1 #d4 ,palace god4 ,teicnellili1 ,,vi1 #e4 ,a benefit1 an advantage4 ,teizcaltequetl1 ,,iii1 #i4 ,that which gives wisdom and life4 ,teizcali1 cosa que da doctrina1 y aviva1 y da entendimiento 7,molina74 ,telipuchtla1 ,,ii1 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,for telpochtli1 a youth4 ,temacouia1 ,,vi1 #d4 ,from temaca1 to give1 to deliver into the hands of4 ,temoquetl1 ,,iii1 #h4 ,from temoa1 to seek1 quiza1 to go forth4 ,tenamitl1 ,i1 #c4 ,the wall of a city2 hence1 a town or city4 ,tepanecatl1 ,,xi1 #c4 ,dweller in the palace4 ,a proper name4 ,tepanquizqui1 ,i1 #c4 ,a substitute1 one who represents another4 ,tepetitlan1 ,v1 #b4 ,among the mountains4 ,tepeuh1 ,,xx1 #c1 #d4 ,from peua1 to begin4 ,tepeyocpa1 ,,xv1 #d4 ,from tepetl1 pan4 ,tequiua1 ,,ii1 #a2 ,v1 #b1 ,from tequiutl1 task1 labor1 but explained by the ,gloss as equivalent to tepeua1 to overthrow1 to conquer4 ,tetemoya1 ,,ii1 #f1 #g4 ,frequentative from temo1 to descend1 to come down1 tetemo4 ,tetoma1 ,,xviii1 #e4 ,from toma1 to open1 to send forth1 to let loose4 ,tezauhpilla1 ,,iii1 #h4 ,master of fear4 ,tetzauiztli1 ,i1 #b4 ,an object which causes fear4 ,a name of ,huitzilopochtli4 ,see ,tezozomoc1 ,cronica ,mexicana1 cap4 ,,vi4 ,teuaqui1 ,,ii1 #f1 #g4 ,from teotl1 god1 aqui1 to enter1 to penetrate4 ,teucontlipaca1 ,,iv1 #e4 ,explained by the ,gloss as teucumitl icpac1 upon the thorn bush teocumitl1 espina grande1 ,molina74 ,but ,i should think it to be a compound of teotl1 conetl1 icpac1 upon the son of the goddess4 ,the son of ,teteunan was especially ,centeotl1 god of maize4 ,teueuel1 ,v1 #b4 ,poetic from ueue1 the ancients1 the elders4 ,teumechaue1 ,,iv1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d2 ,,viii1 #b2 ,,xix1 #b4 ,perhaps from teo-ome-chayaue1 the twice divine seed-thrower1 or teometl-chayaue1 the planter of the divine maguey4 ,teumilco1 ,,xiii1 #b4 ,from teotl1 milli1 co1 in the divine cornfield1 fig4 reference to the battlefield4 ,teutiualcoya1 ,,iii1 #b4 ,the ,gloss reads teuitualcoya1 from teotl1 god1 ittualo1 passive of itta1 to see4 ,teu-tlaneuiloc1 ,,iii1 #a4 ,explained by the ,gloss as equivalent to onetlanauiloc1 an impersonal1 passive1 preterit1 from naua1 it was danced4 ,the peculiar sacred dance called tlanaua1 performed by young girls1 is described by ,sahagun1 ,lib4 ,,ii1 cap4 #bd4 ,teutlalipan1 ,,iv1 #h4 ,in the divine earth4 ,teyomi1 ,,vii1 #a4 ,from teyo1 esteemed1 honored4 ,tezcatlipuca1 ,,xix1 #b4 ,proper name of a divinity4 ,tezcatzintli1 ,,xix1 #e4 ,proper name from tezcatl1 mirror4 ,tezcatzonco1 ,,xvii1 #c2 ,,xix1 #d4 ,apparently the name of a part of the temple4 ,tianquiz1 ,,xiv1 #f4 ,the market place4 ,tiatl1 ,,iv1 #g4 ,chalk2 fig41 model1 pattern4 ,timalla1 ,,xviii1 #d4 ,form of timalloa1 to swell1 to increase2 fig41 to rejoice1 to glorify oneself4 ,tlacaluaz1 ,,xiv1 #g4 ,for tlacaluaztli1 a blow-pipe4 ,tlacati1 ,,xv1 #c1 #d4 ,for tlacatl4 ,tlacatl1 ,,ii1 #a2 ,,xiii1 #g4 ,mortal1 creature1 person4 ,tlaaz1 ,,xix1 #d4 ,from tlaa1 to overturn4 ,tlachco1 ,,xiv1 #aj4 ,the place of the ball play4 ,tlachinaya1 ,,xiv1 #e4 ,from tlachia1 to see4 ,tlachtli1 ,,vii1 #f4 ,the ball4 ,tlacochcalco1 ,,ii1 #a2 ,x1 #a4 ,from tlacochtli1 arrow1 or generally1 weapon1 calli1 house1 co1 post-position1 in the hall of weapons1 or arsenal4 ,it was a room in that part of the temple dedicated to ,huitzilopochtli1 and was filled with arrows1 spears1 etc4 ,sahagun1 ,lib4 ,,viii1 cap4 #cb4 ,tlaolteutla1 ,,xiv1 #b4 ,name of a ,mexican goddess4 ,tlacoyoalle1 ,,xiv1 #a4 ,at midnight4 ,tlacyaniuitza1 ,,ix1 #a4 ,probably for tlayauani ni-huitz1 ,i come dancing1 as a dancer4 ,tlaixtotoca1 ,x1 #c4 ,ixtotoca1 to search for4 ,tlalli1 ,,xiv1 #aj4 ,to place oneself2 earth1 ground4 ,tlalocan1 ,,iii1 #e2 ,,xvi1 #a4 ,the home of ,tlaloc4 ,see p4 #be4 ,tlaloc tlamacazque1 ,,viii1 #c1 #d1 #f4 ,dispensers of the benefits of ,tlaloc2 the name applied to the priests of this divinity4 ,tlalpa1 ,,xiv1 #f4 ,from tlalli1 earth1 and pan4 ,tlaltecutli1 ,,iv1 #f4 ,tlalli1 tecutli2 lord of the earth or land4 ,tlamacazecatlo1 ,,xix1 #b4 ,for tlamacaztecatl1 one concerned with the priestly office4 ,tlamocoyoualca1 ,,xix1 #a1 #b4 ,apparently from tlamaca1 to serve4 ,tlani1 ,,xiv1 #g4 ,below2 i-tlani1 below it4 ,tlanuati1 ,,viii1 #c1 #d4 ,to send4 ,tlapani1 ,,xviii1 #b4 ,to break4 ,tlapitza1 ,,xiv1 #g4 ,a flute4 ,tlapoalli1 ,,iii1 #i4 ,to number1 to reckon4 ,tlapomaya1 see ,pomaya4 ,tlaquaua1 ,,xv1 #c1 #d4 ,to make strong1 or hard4 ,tlatia1 ,,xv1 #a4 #a4 ,to hide oneself4 #b4 ,to burn oneself4 ,tlatoa1 ,,xiv1 #g1 #aa4 ,to sing1 to chant1 to speak4 ,tlatol1 ,,iii1 #h4 ,for tlatolli1 speech1 discourses1 prayers4 ,tlatonazqui1 ,,xiv1 #e4 ,from tona1 to shine4 ,tlauana1 ,,xv1 #a4 ,to drink wine 7octli71 ,tlauia1 ,,xv1 #a4 ,to appear red or shining4 ,tlauizcalle1 ,,xiv1 #e2 ,,xix1 #b4 ,master of the house of the dawn4 ,the terminal signifies an active possessive4 ,tlayauican1 ,,ix1 #a4 ,the dancing-place2 from tlayaua1 to dance in a certain manner4 ,tlaxotecatl teuhtla1 ,i1 #d4 ,see ,tlaxotla4 ,tlaxotla1 ,i1 #c4 ,passive form from tlaa1 to hurl1 to throw4 ,huitzilopochtli was specifically the hurler4 ,see ,notes to ,hymn ,i4 ,toiquemitl1 ,i1 #a4 ,from to-citli-quemitl1 vestment of our ancestress4 ,tocniuaya1 ,,viii1 #a4 ,to-icniuh1 our friend4 ,tocuilitla1 ,,ii1 #g4 ,see ,tocuilechcatl4 ,toiuitica1 ,,xiv1 #aj4 ,from to-citli-yuitl1 with adverbial ending2 in the feather garb of our ancestors4 ,tocuilechcatl1 ,,ii1 #b4 ,to1 our1 cuilia1 to paint1 adorn2 our adornment4 ,to-naca1 ,,xiii1 #b4 ,our flesh4 ,tonanaya1 ,,xiii1 #e4 ,reduplicated for tonaya1 to shine forth4 ,tonaqui1 ,i1 #a4 ,a form from tona1 to shine4 ,tonana1 ,,iv1 #a4 ,our mother2 nantli4 ,topaniaz1 ,,ix1 #b4 ,the ,gloss reads more correctly1 no umpa niaz1 also there ,i shall go4 ,totoch1 ,x1 #a2 ,,xvii1 title4 ,tochtli1 a rabbit2 the name of a god of wine2 also1 of a day of the week4 ,toyauan1 ,i1 #e1 #f4 ,to-yauan1 our enemies4 7,see ,olmos4 ,gram41 p4 #be47 ,tozquiuaua1 ,,xix1 #e4 ,from tozquitl1 voice4 ,tzioac1 ,,xiii1 #e4 ,for tzioactli1 a sacred tree2 here apparently fig4 for a sacred person4 ,tzioactitlan1 ,,vii1 #b4 ,in the tzihuac bushes2 the tzihuac was a kind of maguey of a sacred character4 ,see my ,ancient ,nahuatl ,poetry1 p4 #adj4 ,tziuaquimiuh1 ,,vii1 #c4 ,my havresac made of tzihuac fibres4 ,tzocotzontla1 ,,xx1 #a4 ,from tzocoton1 little1 tzontli1 hair4 ,tzonimolco1 ,,vi1 #a4 ,where the hair spreads abroad4 ,the name of the hall sacred to the god of fire in the temple4 ,the expression refers figuratively to the flames blazing upwards like hair from a head4 ,tzotzonia1 ,,xix1 #e4 ,to play on an instrument4 ,u ,ualitla1 ,,xv1 #d4 ,comp4 of uallauh and itla4 ,uallaic1 ,,viii1 #e4 ,from uallauh1 to come1 and acic1 which adds the sense of approaching near4 ,ualmeua1 ,,xii1 #c4 ,to cry lustily4 ,ueca1 ,x1 #a4 ,far4 ,uel1 or ,huel1 adv41 ,i1 #d4 ,well4 ,uelmatia1 ,,iii1 #d4 ,to appear well1 to be well4 ,ueponi1 ,,vii1 #a4 ,uepollotl1 kin1 relations4 ,uexcaitoa1 ,,ii1 #a4 ,to offer harm1 to curse4 ,uicacapa1 ,,iv1 #g4 ,towards1 to4 ,uitzalochpan1 ,,xiii1 #a4 ,compound of huitz1 to come1 and tlaloa1 to run4 ,uitzetla1 ,,ii1 #b4 ,for uitzlan1 in at the south1 or the place of thorns4 ,uitznauac1 ,,ii1 #d4 ,for ,huitznauac4 ,see ,notes to ,hymn ,,ii4 ,uitztla1 ,,xiii1 #c4 ,according to the ,gloss to v4 #d1 this is a poetic form for uictli1 a hoe1 the native agricultural implement4 ,x ,xamontoca1 ,,iv1 #g4 ,xi-am-on-itta1 from itta1 to look1 to see4 ,compare the ,gloss4 ,xatenonotza1 ,,vi1 #f4 ,for xi-tenonotza1 call ye upon1 pray ye to4 ,xayaualli1 ,,xiii1 #h4 ,from xayaua1 to adorn oneself in the ancient manner4 ,xeliui1 ,,xviii1 #d4 ,to split1 to divide4 ,ximocaya1 ,,iii1 #i4 ,rendered by the ,gloss as equivalent to ximoayan1 the ,paradise of ,souls2 see my ,ancient ,nahuatl ,poetry1 p4 #acb4 ,ximiotica1 ,,xvi1 #a1 #b4 ,from ia1 to wake up1 awake4 ,xiuh1 ,,iv1 #h4 ,green2 grass4 ,xiuacalco1 ,,iii1 #e4 ,from xiuh1 calli1 co1 in the green house2 the ,gloss explains it by acxoyacalco1 in the house of the wild laurel1 or decorated with wild laurel1 a plant probably sacred to ,tlaloc4 ,xiuicoatl1 ,,xv1 #b4 ,grass snake1 or green snake4 ,from xiuitl1 coatl4 ,xiyanouia1 ,,iii1 #f4 ,imperative from yauh1 to go4 ,xochinquauitl1 ,,xiv1 #g4 ,the flower-tree4 ,xochiquetzal1 ,,xiv1 #aa4 ,proper name of a deity4 ,xochitla1 ,,iv1 #a1 etc4 ,flowers1 place of1 or abundance of4 ,from xochitl4 ,xochitlicacan1 ,,xiv1 #c1 #e4 ,the place of flowers4 ,xoconoctli1 ,,xix1 #e4 ,from xocotl1 fruit1 apple4 ,xocoyeua1 ,,xix1 #e4 ,from xococtl1 fruit4 ,xolotl1 ,,xiv1 #i4 ,a servant1 a page4 ,xoyauia1 ,,ix1 #b4 ,from xoyaui1 to begrime1 to spoil2 xoyauian1 the place of blackness1 or of decay4 ,xoxolcuicatl1 ,,vi1 #e4 ,from xolotl1 servant1 page1 and cuicatl1 song4 ,,index4 ,abundance1 the fabled house of1 ,amanteca1 ,amantlan2 a quarter of the city of ,tenochtitlan1 ,amimitl1 the god3 hymn to1 his functions1 ,ancient god1 the1 a name of the god of fire1 ,ancient ,nahuatl ,poetry1 quoted1 ,arrows3 the house of1 god of1 ,artists1 the goddess of1 ,atlaua1 the god3 hymn to1 signification of1 ,auroras1 the four1 ,ayopechtli or ,ayopechcatl1 a goddess3 hymn to1 functions of1 ,aztec3 ,mythology1 ,paradise of1 nation1 wars of1 ,ball1 the game of1 ,bibliotheca ,laurentio-,mediceana1 ,bread and water1 fasting on1 ,bustamente1 his edition of ,sahagun's ,historia1 ,cardinal points as symbols1 ,chalchiucihuatl1 a name of the goddess ,chicomecoatl1 ,chalmecatl1 name of a deity1 ,chichimecs1 an ancient tribe1 ,chicomecoatl1 the goddess3 hymn to1 functions of1 her names1 ,chicomolotl1 a name of the goddess ,chicomecoatl1 ,chicomoztoc1 the seven caves1 ,childbirth1 goddess of1 ,chimalman1 the goddess of1 ,chimalipan1 the virgin-mother1 ,cholula or ,chollolan1 a place name1 ,cihuacoatl1 the goddess3 hymn to1 functions of1 ,cinteotl or ,centeotl1 the god1 his birthplace1 his functions1 ,cipactonalli1 a fabled personage1 ,clavigero1 quoted1 ,coatepec1 the sacred serpent mountain1 ,codex ,ramirz1 the1 ,codex ,telleriano-,remensis1 the1 ,codex ,vaticanus1 the1 ,colhuacan3 first ,king of1 derivation of1 reference to1 ,colors1 symbolism of1 ,cuauhtitlan1 the ,annals of1 ,cuezaltzin1 a name of the god of fire1 ,dance3 the jar1 of the four auroras1 ,death-song1 a1 ,drum1 use of the1 ,drum-beating1 goddess of1 ,drunkenness1 deities of1 ,duran1 ,diego1 quoted1 ,eagle's crest1 as ornament1 ,earth3 goddess of the1 heart of the1 ,eight1 as a sacred number1 ,emerald1 the ,lady of the1 ,feathers3 as ornaments1 symbol of the spirit1 ,fertility1 genius of1 ,fire1 the ,mexican god of1 ,fire-stick1 the1 ,fish-spear1 god of the1 ,five flowers1 the1 a plant1 ,flames1 the ,hall of1 ,flowers3 the god of1 plumage of1 as symbols1 ,food1 the goddess of1 ,four1 as sacred number1 ,gods3 mother of the1 home of the1 ,green corn1 goddess of1 ,guadalupe1 ,our ,lady of1 ,hair1 as a symbol of flames1 ,heads1 serpent of seven1 ,hearts of victims torn out1 ,hieroglyphic books1 native1 ,huasteca1 a tribe1 ,huehueteotl1 a name of the god of fire1 ,huitzilopochtli3 hymn to1 his functions1 description of his idol1 festival of1 temple of1 mother of1 ,huitznahuac3 war song of1 brother of ,huitzilopochtli1 ,hurler1 the2 epithet applied to ,huitzilopochtli1 ,ichpochtli1 the virgin goddess1 ,illustrations1 colored1 ,inquisition1 action on ,sahagun's ,historia1 ,intoxicating drink1 the gods of1 ,itzpapalotl1 a goddess1 ,ixcoauhqui1 the god of fire1 hymn to1 ,jade1 ornaments of1 mentioned1 ,jourdanet1 ,dr41 his translation of ,sahagun's ,historia1 ,kingsborough1 ,lord3 his edition of ,sahagun's ,historia1 his ,mexican ,antiquities1 ,lightning1 as a serpent1 ,lying-in1 goddesses of4 ,see ,childbirth4 ,macuilxochitl3 name of a deity1 hymn to1 ,maguey1 brought from ,paradise1 ,maize3 the god of1 goddess of1 ,maya tribes in ,mexico1 ,mazateca1 a certain tribe or caste1 ,merchants1 the god of1 ,mexicans1 the1 ,mexicans1 poetry of1 ,mexico1 ancient1 ,mimixcoa4 ,see ,mixcoatl4 ,mirror1 the use of1 ,mist1 the house of1 ,mixcoatl1 the god3 hymn of1 his functions1 hill of1 ,mixcoatepec1 mountain so called1 ,mixteca 3 a nation1 ,mixtecatl ,mixtecapan1 a locality1 ,mother of the gods1 our mother1 the virgin1 ,nahua1 the1 as tribal name1 ,nahuatl language1 the1 ,,mss41 ,naualpilli1 noble magician1 a name of ,tlaloc1 ,night1 the god of1 ,nonoalco1 a place name1 ,obsidian butterfly1 a kind of ornament1 ,olmos1 quoted1 ,opochtli1 the god of netmakers1 ,otomis1 the tribe so-called1 war song of1 ,otontecutli1 the god3 hymn to1 his functions1 ,paradise1 the terrestrial1 ,paynal1 the god1 ,parturition1 goddess of4 ,see ,childbirth4 ,picha-,huasteca1 a tribe1 ,pipitlan1 a place name1 ,pipiteca1 a nomen gentile1 ,poetry1 ancient ,mexican1 ,pulque1 the god of1 ,quechol bird1 the1 ,quetzal bird1 the1 ,quetzalcoatl3 priests adopt his garb1 as speaker1 his companion1 ,quilaztli3 name of a goddess1 related to ,atlaua1 ,rain1 the god of1 ,rain gods1 the1 the house of1 ,reproduction1 the goddess of1 ,sacrifices1 human1 ,sahagun1 ,bernardino de3 ,,ms4 of his ,historia1 his remarks on the chants1 action of ,inquisition on1 quoted1 ,serpent3 the lightning1 mountain1 the serpent woman1 serpent's blood1 swallowing of1 of seven heads1 ,seven1 as a sacred number1 ,simeon1 ,remi1 his notes to ,sahagun's ,historia1 ,slaves1 sacrifice of1 ,soul1 place in ,aztec mythology1 ,south1 the1 as origin of deities1 ,sun-god1 the1 ,tamoanchan3 its signification1 the houses of1 ,teatlahuiani1 a name of the god of the pulque1 ,temple of ,tenochtitlan1 ,tenochtitlan1 ancient name of the city of ,mexico1 temple of1 ,tepeyacac1 temple at1 ,tequechmecaniani1 a name of the god of drunkenness1 ,teteuinan1 hymn of1 ,tezcatlipoca1 the god1 ,tezcatzoncatl1 god of the pulque1 hymn to1 ,tezcatzontli1 ,thorns1 diviners with1 ,tlaloc1 the god3 song of1 house of1 functions of1 figure of1 ,tlalocan1 the terrestrial ,paradise1 guide to1 explained1 ,tlazolteotl1 the love goddess1 ,toi1 our mother1 a goddess1 ,toltecs1 the fabulous nation of1 ,torquemada1 quoted1 ,totec1 the god3 hymn to1 a companion of ,quetzalcoatl1 ,totochtin1 gods of intoxication1 ,tochtli1 the rabbit1 as a god of drunkards1 ,tonan or ,tonantzin1 the goddess1 ,travelers1 the deity of1 ,tulan1 the site of1 ,turquoises as ornaments1 ,twins1 the goddess of1 ,tzatzitepec1 the hill of proclamation1 ,tziuactitlan1 a place name1 ,tzocatzontlan1 a place name1 ,uitznahuac4 ,see ,huitznabruac4 ,venus impudica1 the ,mexican1 ,vitzilopochtli4 ,see ,huitzilopochtli4 ,war3 the god of1 goddess of1 ,water cypress1 the1 ,waters1 master of the1 ,woman1 sacrifice of1 ,xilonen1 goddess of green corn1 ,xippe ,totec1 the god1 hymn to1 ,xiuhtecutli1 a name of the god of fire1 ,xochipilli1 the god of flowers3 hymn to1 functions of1 synonym1 ,xochitlycacan1 name of the earthly ,paradise1 its meaning1 ,xochiquetzal1 the goddess3 hymn to1 functions of1 reference to1 ,yacatecutli1 god of travelers1 hymn to1 ,yoatzin1 the god of night1 ,youallauan1 the nocturnal tippler1 high priest of ,totec1