,,cic]o',s ,,tusculan ,,disputations2 ,,also1 ,,treatises ,,on ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,gods1 ,,& ,,on ,,! ,,commonweal?4 ,,lit]ally ,,translat$1 ,,*iefly ,,by ,c4 ,d4 ,,yonge4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,publi%]s1 ,,frankl9 ,,squ>e4 #ahgg4 ,,h>p]',s ,,new ,,classical ,,libr>y4 ,,compris+ ,,lit]al ,,translations ,,( ,c,,s>4 ,,virgil4 ,,sallu/4 ,,horace4 ,,cic]o',s ,,orations4 ,,cic]o',s ,,(fices c4 ,,cic]o ,,on ,,oratory ,,& ,,orators4 ,,cic]o',s ,,tusculan ,,disputations1 ! ,republic1 & ! ,nature ( ! ,gods4 ,,t]5ce4 ,,tacitus4 ,,livy4 #b ,vols4 ,,juv5al4 ,,x5ophon4 ,,hom]',s ,,iliad4 ,,hom]',s ,,odyssey4 ,,h]odotus4 ,,demo/h5es4 #b ,vols4 ,,?ucidides4 ,,s*ylus4 ,,sophocles4 ,,euripides4 #b ,vols4 ,,plato4 ,,select ,,dialogues4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a4ej p] ,volume4 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs w s5d ei!r ( ! above works by mail1 po/age prepaid1 to any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 on receipt ( ! price4 ,,note4 ,! great] portion ( ! ,republic 0 previ\sly translat$ by ,francis ,b>ham1 ,esq41 & publi%$ 9 #ahda4 ,al?\gh ably p]=m$1 x 0 n suffici5tly close = ! purpose ( ! ,,classical ,,libr>y1 & 0 !re=e plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! pres5t editor = revision1 z well z = collation ) rec5t texts4 ,?is has occasion$ mat]ial alt]ations & additions4 ,! treatise ,on ! ,nature ( ! ,gods is a revision ( t usually ascrib$ to ! celebrat$ ,b5jam9 ,frankl94 ,,cont5ts4 ,tusculan ,disputations ,on ! ,nature ( ! ,gods ,on ! ,commonweal? ,,! ,,tusculan ,,disputations4 ,,introduction4 ,9 ! ye> ,a4,u4,c4 #gjh1 & ! sixty-second ye> ( ,cic]o's age1 8 daught]1 ,tullia1 di$ 9 *ildb$2 & h] loss afflict$ ,cic]o to su* a degree t he ab&on$ all public bus9ess1 &1 leav+ ! city1 retir$ to ,a/]ra1 :i* 0 a c\ntry h\se t he _h ne> ,antium2 :]e1 aft] a :ile1 he devot$ himself to philosophical /udies1 &1 besides o!r works1 he publi%$ 8 ,treatise de ,f9ibus1 & also ?is treatise call$ ! ,tusculan ,disputations1 ( :i* ,middleton gives ?is concise description3 ,! fir/ book tea*es u h[ to contemn ! t]rors ( dea?1 & to look ^u x z a bless+ r ?an an evil2 ,! second1 to support pa9 & affliction ) a manly =titude2 ,! ?ird1 to appease all our compla9ts & uneas9esses "u ! accid5ts ( life2 ,! f\r?1 to mod]ate all our o!r passions2 ,& ! fif? expla9s ! suffici5cy ( virtue to make m5 happy4 ,x 0 8 cu/om 9 ! opportunities ( 8 leisure to take "s fri5ds ) him into ! c\ntry1 :]e1 in/ead ( amus+ !mselves ) idle sports or fea/s1 _! div]sions 7 :olly speculative1 t5d+ to improve ! m9d & enl>ge ! und]/&+4 ,9 ?is mann] he n[ sp5t five days at 8 ,tusculan villa 9 discuss+ ) 8 fri5ds ! sev]al que/ions j m5tion$4 ,=1 aft] employ+ ! morn+s 9 declaim+ & rhetorical ex]cises1 !y us$ to retire 9 ! aft]noon into a gall]y1 call$ ! ,academy1 :i* he _h built = ! purpose ( philosophical conf]5ces1 :]e1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,greeks1 he held a s*ool1 z !y call$ x1 & invit$ ! company to call = any subject t !y desir$ to he> expla9$1 :i* be+ propos$ accord+ly by "s ( ! audi5ce became imm$iately ! argum5t ( t day's debate4 ,^! five conf]5ces1 or dialogues1 he collect$ aft]w>d into writ+ 9 ! v words & mann] 9 :i* !y really pass$2 & publi%$ !m "u ! title ( 8 ,tusculan ,disputations1 f ! "n ( ! villa 9 :i* !y 7 held4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,i4 ,,on ,,! ,,contempt ,,( ,,dea?4 ,i4 ,at a "t :5 ,i _h entirely1 or to a great degree1 releas$ myself f my labors z an advocate1 & f my duties z a s5ator1 ,i _h rec\rse aga91 ,brutus1 pr9cipally by y\r advice1 to ^? /udies :i* nev] _h be5 out ( my m9d1 al?\gh neglect$ at times1 & :i* aft] a long int]val ,i resum$2 & n[1 s9ce ! pr9ciples & rules ( all arts :i* relate to liv+ well dep5d on ! /udy ( wisdom1 :i* is call$ philosophy1 ,i h ?\ght x an employm5t wor?y ( me to illu/rate !m 9 ! ,lat9 tongue1 n because philosophy c\ld n be und]/ood 9 ! ,greek language1 or by ! tea*+ ( ,greek ma/]s2 b x has always be5 my op9ion t our c\ntrym5 h1 9 "s in/ances1 made wis] discov]ies ?an ! ,greeks1 ) ref]5ce to ^? subjects :i* !y h consid]$ wor?y ( devot+ _! att5tion to1 & 9 o!rs h improv$ ^u _! discov]ies1 s t 9 "o way or o!r we surpass !m on e po9t2 =1 ) reg>d to ! mann]s & habits ( private life1 & family & dome/ic affairs1 we c]ta9ly manage !m ) m elegance1 & bett] ?an !y did2 & z to our republic1 t our ance/ors h1 beyond all dispute1 =m$ on bett] cu/oms & laws4 ,:at %all ,i say ( our milit>y affairs2 9 :i* our ance/ors h be5 mo/ em95t 9 valor1 & /ill m s 9 discipl9e8 ,z to ^? ?+s :i* are atta9$ n by /udy1 b nature1 nei!r ,greece1 nor any nation1 is comp>able to u2 = :at p has display$ su* gravity1 su* /ead9ess1 su* greatness ( s\l1 probity1 fai?--su* di/+ui%$ virtue ( e k9d1 z to be equal to our ance/ors4 ,9 le>n+1 inde$1 & all k9ds ( lit]ature1 ,greece did excel u1 & x 0 easy to d s :]e !re 0 no competition2 = :ile among ! ,greeks ! poets 7 ! mo/ anci5t species ( le>n$ m5--s9ce ,hom] & ,hesiod liv$ be=e ! f\ndation ( ,rome1 & ,ar*ilo*us#a 0 a contempor>y ( ,romulus--we receiv$ poetry mu* lat]4 ,= x 0 ab\t five hundr$ & t5 ye>s aft] ! build+ ( ,rome be=e ,livius#b publi%$ a play 9 ! consul%ip ( ,c4 ,claudius1 ! son ( ,ccus1 & ,m4 ,tuditanus1 a ye> be=e ! bir? ( ,ennius1 :o 0 old] ?an ,plautus & ,nvius4 ,,ii4 ,x 01 !re=e1 late be=e poets 7 ei!r kn[n or receiv$ among u2 ?\gh we f9d 9 ,cato de ,orig9ibus t ! gue/s us$1 at _! ent]ta9m5ts1 to s+ ! praises ( fam\s m5 to ! s\nd ( ! flute2 b a spee* ( ,cato's %[s ?is k9d ( poetry to h be5 9 no great e/eem1 z he c5sures ,m>cus ,nobilior = c>ry+ poets ) him into 8 prov9ce2 = t consul1 z we "k1 c>ri$ ,ennius ) him into tolia4 ,!re=e ! less e/eem poets 7 91 ! less 7 ^? /udies pursu$2 ?\gh ev5 !n ^? :o did display ! greate/ abilities t way 7 n v inf]ior to ! ,greeks4 ,d we imag9e t if x _h be5 consid]$ comm5dable 9 ,fabius1#c a man ( ! highe/ rank1 to pa9t1 we %\ld n h _h _m ,polycleti & ,p>rhasii8 ,honor n\ri%es art1 & glory is ! spur ) all to /udies2 :ile ^? /udies are always neglect$ 9 e nation :i* are look$ ^u disp>ag+ly4 ,! ,greeks held skill 9 vocal & in/rum5tal music z a v important accompli%m5t1 & !re=e x is record$ ( ,epam9ondas1 :o1 9 my op9ion1 0 ! greate/ man among ! ,greeks1 t he play$ excell5tly on ! flute2 & ,!mi/ocles1 "s ye>s be=e1 0 deem$ ignorant because at an ent]ta9m5t he decl9$ ! lyre :5 x 0 (f]$ to him4 ,= ?is reason musicians fl\ri%$ 9 ,greece2 music 0 a g5]al /udy2 & :oev] 0 unacqua9t$ ) x 0 n consid]$ z fully in/ruct$ 9 le>n+4 ,geometry 0 9 high e/eem ) !m1 !re=e none 7 m honorable ?an ma!maticians4 ,b we h conf9$ ?is art to b>e measur+ & calculat+4 ,,iii4 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 we e>ly ent]ta9$ an e/eem = ! orator2 ?\gh he 0 n at fir/ a man ( le>n+1 b only quick at speak+3 9 subsequ5t times he became le>n$2 = x is report$ t ,galba1 ,africanus1 & ,llius 7 m5 ( le>n+2 & t ev5 ,cato1 :o prec$$ !m 9 po9t ( "t1 0 a /udi\s man3 !n succe$$ ! ,lepidi1 ,c>bo1 & ,grac*i1 & s _m great orators aft] !m1 d[n to our own times1 t we 7 v little1 if at all1 inf]ior to ! ,greeks4 ,philosophy has be5 at a l[ ebb ev5 to ?is pres5t "t1 & has _h no assi/ance f our own language1 & s n[ ,i h und]tak5 to raise & illu/rate x1 9 ord] t1 z ,i h be5 ( s]vice to my c\ntrym51 :5 employ$ on public affairs1 ,i may1 if possible1 be s likewise 9 my retirem5t2 & 9 ?is ,i mu/ take ! m pa9s1 because !re are already _m books 9 ! ,lat9 language :i* are said to be writt5 inaccurately1 hav+ be5 compos$ by excell5t m51 only n ( suffici5t le>n+2 =1 inde$1 x is possible t a man may ?9k well1 & yet n be able to express 8 ?\ghts elegantly2 b = any "o to publi% ?\ghts :i* he c nei!r arrange skilfully nor illu/rate s z to ent]ta9 8 read]1 is an unp>donable abuse ( lett]s & retirem5t3 !y1 !re=e1 read _! books to "o ano!r1 & no "o ev] takes !m up b ^? :o wi% to h ! same lic5se = c>eless writ+ all[$ to !mselves4 ,:]e=e1 if oratory has acquir$ any reputation f my indu/ry1 ,i %all take ! m pa9s to op5 ! f\nta9s ( philosophy1 f :i* all my eloqu5ce has tak5 its rise4 ,,iv4 ,b1 z ,ari/otle1#d a man ( ! greate/ g5ius1 & ( ! mo/ v>i\s k1 be+ excit$ by ! glory ( ! rhetorician ,isocrates1#e comm5c$ tea*+ "y m5 to speak1 & jo9$ philosophy ) eloqu5ce3 s x is my design n to lay aside my =m] /udy ( oratory1 & yet to employ myself at ! same "t 9 ?is great] & m fruitful art2 = ,i h always ?\ght t to be able to speak copi\sly & elegantly on ! mo/ important que/ions 0 ! mo/ p]fect philosophy4 ,& ,i h s dilig5tly appli$ myself to ?is pursuit1 t ,i h already v5tur$ to h a s*ool l ! ,greeks4 ,& lately :5 y left u1 hav+ _m ( my fri5ds ab\t me1 ,i attempt$ at my ,tusculan villa :at ,i c\ld d 9 t way2 = z ,i =m]ly us$ to practise declaim+1 :i* nobody cont9u$ long] ?an myself1 s ?is is n[ to be ! declamation ( my old age4 ,i desir$ any "o to propose a "q :i* he wi%$ to h discuss$1 & !n ,i argu$ t po9t ei!r sitt+ or walk+2 & s ,i h compil$ ! s*ol1 z ! ,greeks call !m1 ( five days1 9 z _m books4 ,we proce$$ 9 ?is mann]3 :5 he :o _h propos$ ! subject = discussion _h said :at he ?\ght prop]1 ,i spoke aga9/ him2 = ?is is1 y "k1 ! old & ,socratic me?od ( argu+ aga9/ ano!r's op9ion2 = ,socrates ?\ght t ?us ! tru? w\ld m easily be arriv$ at4 ,b to give y a bett] notion ( our disputations1 ,i w n b>ely s5d y an acc\nt ( !m1 b repres5t !m to y z !y 7 c>ri$ on2 !re=e let ! introduction be ?us3 ,v4 ,a4 ,to me dea? seems to be an evil4 ,m4 ,:at1 to ^? :o are already dead8 or to ^? :o mu/ die8 ,a4 ,to bo?4 ,m4 ,x is a mis]y1 !n1 because an evil8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,m4 ,!n ^? :o h already di$1 & ^? :o h /ill got to die1 are bo? mis]able8 ,a4 ,s x appe>s to me4 ,m4 ,!n all are mis]able8 ,a4 ,e "o4 ,m4 ,&1 inde$1 if y wi% to be consi/5t1 all t are already born1 or ev] %all be1 are n only mis]able1 b always w be s2 = %\ld y ma9ta9 ^? only to be mis]able1 y w\ld n except any "o liv+1 = all mu/ die2 b !re %\ld be an end ( mis]y 9 dea?4 ,b see+ t ! dead are mis]able1 we are born to et]nal mis]y1 = !y mu/ ( consequ5ce be mis]able :o di$ a hundr$ ?\s& ye>s ago2 or r1 all t h ev] be5 born4 ,a4 ,s1 inde$1 ,i ?9k4 ,m4 ,tell me1 ,i besee* y1 are y afraid ( ! ?ree-head$ ,c]b]us 9 ! %ades bel[1 & ! ro>+ waves ( ,cocytus1 & ! passage ov] ,a*]on1 & ,tantalus expir+ ) ?ir/1 :ile ! wat] t\*es 8 *92 & ,sisyphus1 ,:o sweats ) ardu\s toil 9 va9 ,! /eepy summit ( ! m\nt to ga98 ,p]haps1 too1 y dread ! inexorable judges1 ,m9os & ,rhadaman?us2 be=e :om nei!r ,l4 ,crassus nor ,m4 ,antonius c def5d y2 & :]e1 s9ce ! cause lies be=e ,grecian judges1 y w n ev5 be able to employ ,demo/h5es2 b y mu/ plead = y\rself be=e a v great assembly4 ,^! ?+s p]haps y dread1 & !re=e look on dea? z an et]nal evil4 ,,vi4 ,a4 ,d y take me to be s imbecile z to give cr$it to su* ?+s8 ,m4 ,:at1 d y n believe !m8 ,a4 ,n 9 ! lea/4 ,m4 ,i am sorry to he> t4 ,a4 ,:y1 ,i beg8 ,m4 ,because ,i c\ld h be5 v eloqu5t 9 speak+ aga9/ !m4 ,a4 ,& :o c\ld n on su* a subject8 or :at tr\ble is x to refute ^! mon/r\s inv5tions ( ! poets & pa9t]s8#f ,m4 ,& yet y h books ( philosoph]s full ( argum5ts aga9/ ^!4 ,a4 ,a great wa/e ( "t1 truly6 = :o is s weak z to be conc]n$ ab\t !m8 ,m4 ,if1 !n1 !re is no "o mis]able 9 ! inf]nal regions1 !re c be no "o !re at all4 ,a4 ,i am altoge!r ( t op9ion4 ,m4 ,:]e1 !n1 are ^? y call mis]able8 or :at place d !y inhabit8 ,=1 if !y exi/ at all1 !y mu/ be some:]e4 ,a4 ,i1 inde$1 am ( op9ion t !y are n[h]e4 ,m4 ,!n !y h no exi/5ce at all4 ,a4 ,ev5 s1 & yet !y are mis]able = ?is v reason1 t !y h no exi/5ce4 ,m4 ,i _h r n[ h y afraid ( ,c]b]us ?an speak ?us inaccurately4 ,a4 ,9 :at respect8 ,m4 ,because y admit him to exi/ ^: exi/5ce y d5y ) ! same brea?4 ,:]e n[ is y\r sagacity8 ,:5 y say any "o is mis]able1 y say t he :o does n exi/1 does exi/4 ,a4 ,i am n s absurd z to say t4 ,m4 ,:at is x t y d say1 !n8 ,a4 ,i say1 = in/ance1 t ,m>cus ,crassus is mis]able 9 be+ depriv$ ( su* great ri*es z 8 by dea?2 t ,cn4 ,pompey is mis]able 9 be+ tak5 f su* glory & honor2 &1 9 %ort1 t all are mis]able :o are depriv$ ( ?is light ( life4 ,m4 ,y h return$ to ! same po9t1 = to be mis]able implies an exi/5ce2 b y j n[ d5i$ t ! dead _h any exi/5ce3 if1 !n1 !y h n1 !y c be no?+2 & if s1 !y are n ev5 mis]able4 ,a4 ,p]haps ,i d n express :at ,i mean1 = ,i look ^u ?is v circum/ance1 n to exi/ aft] hav+ exi/$1 to be v mis]able4 ,m4 ,:at1 m s ?an n to h exi/$ at all8 ,!re=e1 ^? :o are n yet born are mis]able because !y are n2 & we ourselves1 if we are to be mis]able aft] dea?1 7 mis]able be=e we 7 born3 b ,i d n rememb] t ,i 0 mis]able be=e ,i 0 born2 & ,i %\ld be glad to "k1 if y\r memory is bett]1 :at y recollect ( y\rself be=e y 7 born4 ,,vii4 ,a4 ,y are pleasant3 z if ,i _h said t ^? m5 are mis]able :o are n born1 & n t !y are s :o are dead4 ,m4 ,y say1 !n1 t !y are s8 ,a4 ,yes2 ,i say t because !y no long] exi/ aft] hav+ exi/$ !y are mis]able4 ,m4 ,y d n p]ceive t y are ass]t+ contradictions2 = :at is a great] contradiction1 ?an t t %\ld be n only mis]able1 b %\ld h any exi/5ce at all1 :i* does n exi/8 ,:5 y g out at ! ,cap5e gate & see ! tombs ( ! ,calat9i1 ! ,scipios1 ,s]vilii1 & ,metelli1 d y look on !m z mis]able8 ,a4 ,because y press me ) a ^w1 h5ce=w>d ,i w n say !y are mis]able absolutely1 b mis]able on ?is acc\nt1 because !y h no exi/5ce4 ,m4 ,y d n say1 !n1 ,m4 ,crassus is mis]able1 b only ,mis]able ,m4 ,crassus4 ,a4 ,exactly s4 ,m4 ,z if x did n foll[ t :atev] y speak ( 9 t mann] ei!r is or is n4 ,are y n acqua9t$ ) ! fir/ pr9ciples ( logic8 ,= ?is is ! fir/ ?+ !y lay d[n1 ,:atev] is ass]t$ 7= t is ! be/ way t occurs to me1 at ! mom5t1 ( r5d]+ ! ,greek t]m ,greek3 axima2 if ,i c ?9k ( a m accurate expression h]eaft]1 ,i w use x71 is ass]t$ z be+ ei!r true or false4 ,:51 !re=e1 y say1 ,mis]able ,m4 ,crassus1 y ei!r say ?is1 ,m4 ,crassus is mis]able1 s t "s judgm5t may be made :e!r x is true or false1 or y say no?+ at all4 ,a4 ,well1 !n1 ,i n[ own t ! dead are n mis]able1 s9ce y h drawn f me a concession t !y :o d n exi/ at all c n be mis]able4 ,:at !n8 ,we t are alive1 are we n wret*$1 see+ we mu/ die8 = :at is !re agreeable 9 life1 :5 we mu/ night & day reflect t1 at "s "t or o!r1 we mu/ die8 ,,viii4 ,m4 ,d y n1 !n1 p]ceive h[ great is ! evil f :i* y h deliv]$ human nature8 ,a4 ,by :at means8 ,m4 ,because1 if to die 7 mis]able to ! dead1 to live w\ld be a k9d ( inf9ite & et]nal mis]y4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ,i see a goal1 & :5 ,i h rea*$ x1 !re is no?+ m to be fe>$2 b y seem to me to foll[ ! op9ion ( ,epi*>mus1#g a man ( "s disc]nm5t1 & %>p en\gh = a ,sicilian4 ,a4 ,:at op9ion8 = ,i d n recollect x4 ,m4 ,i w tell y if ,i c 9 ,lat92 = y "k ,i am no m us$ to br+ 9 ,lat9 s5t5ces 9 a ,greek disc\rse ?an ,greek 9 a ,lat9 "o4 ,a4 ,& t is "r en\gh4 ,b :at is t op9ion ( ,epi*>mus8 ,m4 ,i w\ld n die1 b yet ,am n conc]n$ t ,i %all be dead4 ,a4 ,i n[ recollect ! ,greek2 b s9ce y h oblig$ me to grant t ! dead are n mis]able1 proce$ to conv9ce me t x is n mis]able to be "u a necessity ( dy+4 ,m4 ,t is easy en\gh2 b ,i h great] ?+s 9 h&4 ,a4 ,h[ comes t to be s easy8 ,& :at are ^? ?+s ( m consequ5ce8 ,m4 ,?us3 because1 if !re is no evil aft] dea?1 !n ev5 dea? itself c be none2 = t :i* imm$iately succe$s t is a /ate :]e y grant t !re is no evil3 s t ev5 to be oblig$ to die c be no evil1 = t is only ! be+ oblig$ to arrive at a place :]e we all[ t no evil is4 ,a4 ,i beg y w be m explicit on ?is po9t1 = ^! subtle argum5ts =ce me soon] to admissions ?an to conviction4 ,b :at are ^? m important ?+s ab\t :i* y say t y are occupi$8 ,m4 ,to tea* y1 if ,i c1 t dea? is n only no evil1 b a good4 ,a4 ,i d n insi/ on t1 b %\ld be glad to he> y argue x1 = ev5 ?\gh y %\ld n prove y\r po9t1 yet y w prove t dea? is no evil4 ,b ,i w n int]rupt y2 ,i w\ld r he> a cont9u$ disc\rse4 ,m4 ,:at1 if ,i %\ld ask y a "q1 w\ld y n answ]8 ,a4 ,t w\ld look l pride2 b ,i w\ld r y %\ld n ask b :]e necessity requires4 ,,ix4 ,m4 ,i w comply ) y\r wi%es1 & expla9 z well z ,i c :at y require2 b n ) any idea t1 l ! ,py?ian ,apollo1 :at ,i say mu/ ne$s be c]ta9 & indisputable1 b z a m]e man1 endeavor+ to arrive at probabilities by conjecture1 = ,i h no gr\nd to proce$ fur!r on ?an probability4 ,^? m5 may call _! /atem5ts indisputable :o ass]t t :at !y say c be p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses1 & :o proclaim !mselves philosoph]s by pr(ession4 ,a4 ,d z y please3 ,we are ready to he> y4 ,m4 ,! fir/ ?+1 !n1 is to inquire :at dea?1 :i* seems to be s well und]/ood1 really is2 = "s imag9e dea? to be ! dep>ture ( ! s\l f ! body2 o!rs ?9k t !re is no su* dep>ture1 b t s\l & body p]i% toge!r1 & t ! s\l is ext+ui%$ ) ! body4 ,( ^? :o ?9k t ! s\l does dep>t f ! body1 "s believe 9 its imm$iate dissolution2 o!rs fancy t x cont9ues to exi/ = a "t2 & o!rs believe t x la/s =ev]4 ,!re is great dispute ev5 :at ! s\l is1 :]e x is1 & :5ce x is d]iv$3 ) "s1 ! he>t itself 7cor7 seems to be ! s\l1 h5ce ! expressions1 excordes1 vecordes1 concordes2 & t prud5t ,nasica1 :o 0 twice consul1 0 call$ ,corculus1 i4e41 wise-he>t2 & lius ,sextus is describ$ z ,egregie cordatus homo1 catus liu' ,sextus--t great wise-he>t$ man1 sage lius4 ,emp$ocles imag9es ! blood1 :i* is suffus$ ov] ! he>t1 to be ! s\l2 to o!rs1 a c]ta9 "p ( ! bra9 seems to be ! ?rone ( ! s\l2 o!rs nei!r all[ ! he>t itself1 nor any portion ( ! bra91 to be ! s\l1 b ?9k ei!r t ! he>t is ! seat & abode ( ! s\l1 or else t ! bra9 is s4 ,"s w\ld h ! s\l1 or _s1 to be ! anima1 z our s*ools g5]ally agree2 & inde$ ! "n signifies z mu*1 = we use ! expressions animam ag]e1 to live2 animam effl>e1 to expire2 animosi1 m5 ( _s2 b5e animati1 m5 ( "r feel+2 exanimi s5t5tia1 accord+ to our real op9ion2 & ! v ^w animus is d]iv$ f anima4 ,aga91 ! s\l seems to ,z5o ! ,/oic to be fire4 ,x4 ,b :at ,i h said z to ! he>t1 ! blood1 ! bra91 air1 or fire be+ ! s\l1 are common op9ions3 ! o!rs are only ent]ta9$ by individuals2 &1 inde$1 !re 7 _m among ! anci5ts :o held s+ul> op9ions on ?is subject1 ( :om ! late/ 0 ,ari/ox5us1 a man :o 0 bo? a musician & a philosoph]4 ,he ma9ta9$ a c]ta9 /ra9+ ( ! body1 l :at is call$ h>mony 9 music1 to be ! s\l1 & believ$ t1 f ! figure & nature ( ! :ole body1 v>i\s motions are excit$1 z s\nds are f an in/rum5t4 ,he adh]$ /eadily to 8 sy/em1 & yet he said some?+1 ! nature ( :i*1 :atev] x 01 _h be5 detail$ & expla9$ a great :ile be=e by ,plato4 ,x5ocrates d5i$ t ! s\l _h any figure1 or any?+ l a body2 b said x 0 a numb]1 ! p[] ( :i*1 z ,py?agoras _h fanci$1 "s ages be=e1 0 ! greate/ 9 nature3 8 ma/]1 ,plato1 imag9$ a ?reefold s\l1 a dom9ant portion ( :i*--t is to say1 reason--he _h lodg$ 9 ! head1 z 9 a t[]2 & ! o!r two p>ts--namely1 ang] & desire--he made subs]vi5t to ?is "o1 & allott$ !m di/9ct abodes1 plac+ ang] 9 ! brea/1 & desire "u ! prcordia4 ,b ,dicar*us1 9 t disc\rse ( "s le>n$ disputants1 held at ,cor9?1 :i* he details to u 9 ?ree books--9 ! fir/ book introduces _m speak]s2 & 9 ! o!r two he introduces a c]ta9 ,ph]ecrates1 an old man ( ,ph?ia1 :o1 z he said1 0 desc5d$ f ,deucalion2 ass]t+1 t !re is 9 fact no su* ?+ at all z a s\l1 b t x is a "n )\t a mean+2 & t x is idle to use ! expression animals1 or animat$ be+s2 t nei!r m5 nor bea/s h m9ds or s\ls1 b t all t p[] by :i* we act or p]ceive is equally infus$ into e liv+ creature1 & is insep>able f ! body1 = if x 7 n1 x w\ld be no?+2 nor is !re any?+ :atev] really exi/+ except body1 :i* is a s+le & simple ?+1 s fa%ion$ z to live & h its s5sations 9 consequ5ce ( ! regulations ( nature4 ,ari/otle1 a man sup]ior to all o!rs1 bo? 9 g5ius & indu/ry 7,i always except ,plato71 aft] hav+ embrac$ ^! f\r kn[n sorts ( pr9ciples1 f :i* all ?+s d$uce _! orig91 imag9es t !re is a c]ta9 fif? nature1 f :5ce comes ! s\l2 = to ?9k1 to =esee1 to le>n1 to tea*1 to inv5t any?+1 & _m o!r attributes ( ! same k9d1 su* z to rememb]1 to love1 to hate1 to desire1 to fe>1 to be pleas$ or displeas$--^!1 & o!rs l !m1 exi/1 he ?9ks1 9 none ( ^? fir/ f\r k9ds3 on su* acc\nt he adds a fif? k9d1 :i* has no "n1 & s by a new "n he calls ! s\l ,greek3 endele*eia1 z if x 7 a c]ta9 cont9u$ & p]petual motion4 ,,xi4 ,if ,i h n =gott5 any?+ un9t5tionally1 ^! are ! pr9cipal op9ions conc]n+ ! s\l4 ,i h omitt$ ,democritus1 a v great man inde$1 b "o :o d$uces ! s\l f ! =tuit\s conc\rse ( small1 light1 & r\nd sub/ances2 =1 if y believe m5 ( 8 s*ool1 !re is no?+ :i* a cr[d ( atoms _c effect4 ,:i* ( ^! op9ions is true1 "s ,god mu/ det]m9e4 ,x is an important "q = u1 ,:i* has ! mo/ appe>ance ( tru?8 ,%all we1 !n1 pref] det]m9+ betwe5 !m1 or %all we return to our subject8 ,a4 ,i c\ld wi% bo?1 if possible2 b x is difficult to mix !m3 !re=e1 if )\t a discussion ( !m we c get rid ( ! fe>s ( dea?1 let u proce$ to d s2 b if ?is is n to be done )\t expla9+ ! "q ab\t s\ls1 let u h t n[1 & ! o!r at ano!r "t4 ,m4 ,i take t plan to be ! be/1 :i* ,i p]ceive y are incl9$ to2 = reason w demon/rate t1 :i*ev] ( ! op9ions :i* ,i h /at$ is true1 x mu/ foll[1 !n1 t dea? _c be an evil2 or t x mu/ r be some?+ desirable2 = if ei!r ! he>t1 or ! blood1 or ! bra91 is ! s\l1 !n c]ta9ly ! s\l1 be+ corporeal1 mu/ p]i% ) ! re/ ( ! body2 if x is air1 x w p]haps be dissolv$2 if x is fire1 x w be ext+ui%$2 if x is ,ari/ox5us's h>mony1 x w be put out ( tune4 ,:at %all ,i say ( ,dicar*us1 :o d5ies t !re is any s\l8 ,9 all ^! op9ions1 !re is no?+ to affect any "o aft] dea?2 = all feel+ is lo/ ) life1 & :]e !re is no s5sation1 no?+ c int]f]e to affect u4 ,! op9ions ( o!rs d inde$ br+ u hope2 if x is any pleasure to y to ?9k t s\ls1 aft] !y leave ! body1 may g to heav5 z to a p]man5t home4 ,a4 ,i h great pleasure 9 t ?\ght1 & x is :at ,i mo/ desire2 & ev5 if x %\ld n be s1 ,i %\ld /ill be v will+ to believe x4 ,m4 ,:at occasion h y1 !n1 = my assi/ance8 ,am ,i sup]ior to ,plato 9 eloqu5ce8 ,turn ov] c>efully 8 book t treats ( ! s\l2 y w h !re all t y c want4 ,a4 ,i h1 inde$1 done t1 & (t52 b1 ,i "k n h[ x comes to pass1 ,i agree ) x :ile ,i am read+ x2 b :5 ,i h laid d[n ! book1 & beg9 to reflect ) myself on ! immortality ( ! s\l1 all t agreem5t vani%es4 ,m4 ,h[ comes t8 ,d y admit ?is--t s\ls ei!r exi/ aft] dea?1 or else t !y also p]i% at ! mom5t ( dea?8 ,a4 ,i agree to t4 ,& if !y d exi/1 ,i admit t !y are happy2 b if !y p]i%1 ,i _c suppose !m to be unhappy1 because1 9 fact1 !y h no exi/5ce at all4 ,y drove me to t concession b j n[4 ,m4 ,h[1 !n1 c y1 or :y d y1 ass]t t y ?9k t dea? is an evil1 :5 x ei!r makes u happy1 9 ! case ( ! s\l cont9u+ to exi/1 or1 at all ev5ts1 n unhappy1 9 ! case ( our becom+ de/itute ( all s5sation8 ,,xii4 ,a4 ,expla91 !re=e1 if x is n tr\blesome to y1 fir/1 if y c1 t s\ls d exi/ aft] dea?2 secondly1 %\ld y fail 9 t 7& x is a v difficult ?+ to e/abli%71 t dea? is free f all evil2 = ,i am n )\t my fe>s t ?is itself is an evil3 ,i d n mean ! imm$iate deprivation ( s5se1 b ! fact t we %all h]eaft] suff] deprivation4 ,m4 ,i h ! be/ au?ority 9 support ( ! op9ion y desire to h e/abli%$1 :i* ought1 & g5]ally has1 great weight 9 all cases4 ,&1 fir/1 ,i h all antiquity on t side1 :i* ! m ne> x is to its orig9 & div9e desc5t1 ! m cle>ly1 p]haps1 on t acc\nt1 did x disc]n ! tru? 9 ^! matt]s4 ,?is v doctr9e1 !n1 0 adopt$ by all ^? anci5ts :om ,ennius calls 9 ! ,sab9e tongue ,casci2 namely1 t 9 dea? !re 0 a s5sation1 & t1 :5 m5 dep>t$ ?is life1 !y 7 n s entirely de/roy$ z to p]i% absolutely4 ,& ?is may appe> f _m o!r circum/ances1 & especially f ! pontifical rites & fun]al obsequies1 :i* m5 ( ! greate/ g5ius w\ld n h be5 s solicit\s ab\t1 & w\ld n h gu>d$ f any injury by su* sev]e laws1 b f a firm p]suasion t dea? 0 n s entire a de/ruction z :olly to aboli% & de/roy ev]y?+1 b r a k9d ( transmigration1 z x 71 & *ange ( life1 :i* 01 9 ! case ( illu/ri\s m5 & wom51 usually a guide to heav51 :ile 9 t ( o!rs x 0 /ill conf9$ to ! e>?1 b 9 su* a mann] z /ill to exi/4 ,f ?is1 & ! s5tim5ts ( ! ,romans1 ,9 heav5 ,romulus ) ,gods n[ lives1 z ,ennius sai?1 agree+ ) ! common belief2 h5ce1 too1 ,h]cules is consid]$ s great & propiti\s a ,god among ! ,greeks1 & f !m he 0 introduc$ among u1 & 8 wor%ip has ext5d$ ev5 to ! v ocean itself4 ,?is is h[ x 0 t ,bac*us 0 deifi$1 ! (fspr+ ( ,semele2 & f ! same illu/ri\s fame we receive ,ca/or & ,pollux z ,gods1 :o are report$ n only to h help$ ! ,romans to victory 9 _! battles1 b to h be5 ! mess5g]s ( _! success4 ,:at %all we say ( ,ino1 ! daught] ( ,cadmus8 ,is %e n call$ ,leuco!a by ! ,greeks1 & ,matuta by u8 ,nay1 m2 is n ! :ole ( heav5 7n to dwell on p>ticul>s7 almo/ fill$ ) ! (fspr+ ( m58 ,%\ld ,i attempt to se>* into antiquity1 & produce f !nce :at ! ,greek writ]s h ass]t$1 x w\ld appe> t ev5 ^? :o are call$ _! pr9cipal ,gods 7 tak5 f among m5 up into heav54 ,,xiii4 ,exam9e ! sepul*res ( ^? :i* are %[n 9 ,greece2 recollect1 = y h be5 initiat$1 :at lessons are taught 9 ! my/]ies2 !n w y p]ceive h[ ext5sive ?is doctr9e is4 ,b !y :o 7 n acqua9t$ ) natural philosophy 7= x did n beg9 to be 9 vogue till _m ye>s lat]7 _h no high] belief ?an :at natural reason c\ld give !m2 !y 7 n acqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples & causes ( ?+s2 !y 7 (t5 induc$ by c]ta9 visions1 & ^? g5]ally 9 ! night1 to ?9k t ^? m5 :o _h dep>t$ f ?is life 7 /ill alive4 ,& ?is may fur!r be br\ght z an irrefragable argum5t = u to believe t !re are ,gods--t !re nev] 0 any nation s b>b>\s1 nor any p 9 ! _w s savage1 z to be )\t "s notion ( ,gods4 ,_m h wrong notions ( ! ,gods1 = t is ! nature & ord9>y consequ5ce ( bad cu/oms1 yet all all[ t !re is a c]ta9 div9e nature & en]gy4 ,nor does ?is proce$ f ! conv]sation ( m51 or ! agreem5t ( philosoph]s2 x is n an op9ion e/abli%$ by in/itutions or by laws2 b1 no d\bt1 9 e case ! cons5t ( all nations is to be look$ on z a law ( nature4 ,:o is !re1 !n1 t does n lam5t ! loss ( 8 fri5ds1 pr9cipally f imag9+ !m depriv$ ( ! conv5i5ces ( life8 ,take away ?is op9ion1 & y remove ) x all grief2 = no "o is afflict$ m]ely on acc\nt ( a loss su/a9$ by himself4 ,p]haps we may be sorry1 & grieve a little2 b t bitt] lam5tation & ^? m\rnful te>s h _! orig9 9 our appreh5sions t he :om we lov$ is depriv$ ( all ! advantages ( life1 & is s5sible ( 8 loss4 ,& we are l$ to ?is op9ion by nature1 )\t any argum5ts or any in/ruction4 ,,xiv4 ,b ! greate/ pro( ( all is1 t nature h]self gives a sil5t judgm5t 9 favor ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 inasmu* z all are anxi\s1 & t to a great degree1 ab\t ! ?+s :i* conc]n futurity3 ,"o plants :at future ages %all enjoy1 z ,/atius sai? 9 8 ,synephebi4 ,:at is 8 object 9 do+ s1 except t he is int]e/$ 9 po/]ity8 ,%all ! indu/ri\s husb&man1 !n1 plant trees ! fruit ( :i* he %all nev] see8 ,& %all n ! great man f\nd laws1 in/itutions1 & a republic8 ,:at does ! procreation ( *ildr5 imply1 & our c>e to cont9ue our names1 & our adoptions1 & our scrupul\s exactness 9 draw+ up wills1 & ! inscriptions on monum5ts1 & panegyrics1 b t our ?\ghts run on futurity8 ,!re is no d\bt b a judgm5t may be =m$ ( nature 9 g5]al1 f look+ at ea* nature 9 its mo/ p]fect specim5s2 & :at is a m p]fect specim5 ( a man ?an ^? are :o look on !mselves z born = ! assi/ance1 ! protection1 & ! pres]vation ( o!rs8 ,h]cules has gone to heav52 he nev] w\ld h gone ?i!r _h he n1 :ile among m51 made t road = himself4 ,^! ?+s are ( old date1 & h1 besides1 ! sanction ( univ]sal religion4 ,,xv4 ,:at w y say8 ,:at d y imag9e t s _m & su* great m5 ( our republic1 :o h sacrific$ _! lives = its good1 expect$8 ,d y believe t !y ?\ght t _! names %\ld n cont9ue beyond _! lives8 ,none ev] enc\nt]$ dea? = _! c\ntry b "u a firm p]suasion ( immortality6 ,!mi/ocles might h liv$ at 8 ease2 s might ,epam9ondas2 &1 n to look abroad & among ! anci5ts = in/ances1 s might ,i myself4 ,b1 someh[ or o!r !re cl+s to our m9ds a c]ta9 presage ( future ages2 & ?is bo? exi/s mo/ firmly1 & appe>s mo/ cle>ly1 9 m5 ( ! l(tie/ g5ius & greate/ s\ls4 ,take away ?is1 & :o w\ld be s mad z to sp5d 8 life amid/ toils & dang]s8 ,i speak ( ^? 9 p[]4 ,:at are ! poet's views b to be ennobl$ aft] dea?8 ,:at else is ! object ( ^! l9es1 ,behold old ,ennius "h1 :o er/ ,?y fa!rs' great exploits rehe>s$8 ,he is *all5g+ ! rew>d ( glory f ^? m5 ^: ance/ors he himself _h ennobl$ by 8 poetry4 ,& 9 ! same _s he says1 9 ano!r passage1 ,let none ) te>s my fun]al grace1 = ,i ,claim f my works an immortality4 ,:y d ,i m5tion poets8 ,! v me*anics are desir\s ( fame aft] dea?4 ,:y did ,phidias include a lik5ess ( himself 9 ! %ield ( ,m9]va1 :5 he 0 n all[$ to inscribe 8 "n on x8 ,:at d our philosoph]s ?9k on ! subject8 ,d n !y put _! names to ^? v books :i* !y write on ! contempt ( glory8 ,if1 !n1 univ]sal cons5t is ! voice ( nature1 & if x is ! g5]al op9ion ev]y:]e t ^? :o h quitt$ ?is life are /ill int]e/$ 9 some?+1 we also mu/ subscribe to t op9ion4 ,& if we ?9k t m5 ( ! greate/ abilities & virtues see mo/ cle>ly into ! p[] ( nature1 because !y !mselves are h] mo/ p]fect "w1 x is v probable t1 z e great man is especially anxi\s to b5efit po/]ity1 !re is some?+ ( :i* he himself w be s5sible aft] dea?4 ,,xvi4 ,b z we are l$ by nature to ?9k !re are ,gods1 & z we discov]1 by reason1 ( :at description !y are1 s1 by ! cons5t ( all nations1 we are induc$ to believe t our s\ls survive2 b :]e _! habitation is1 & ( :at "* !y ev5tually are1 mu/ be le>n$ f reason4 ,! want ( any c]ta9 reason on :i* to argue has giv5 rise to ! idea ( ! %ades bel[1 & to ^? fe>s :i* y seem1 n )\t reason1 to despise2 = z our bodies fall to ! gr\nd1 & are cov]$ ) e>? 7humus71 f :5ce we d]ive ! expression to be int]r$ 7hum>i71 t has occasion$ m5 to imag9e t ! dead cont9ue1 dur+ ! rema9d] ( _! exi/5ce1 "u gr\nd2 :i* op9ion has drawn aft] x _m errors1 :i* ! poets h increas$2 = ! !atre1 be+ frequ5t$ by a l>ge cr[d1 among :i* are wom5 & *ildr51 is wont to be greatly affect$ on he>+ su* pomp\s v]ses z ^!1 ,lo6 "h ,i am1 :o sc>ce c\ld ga9 ?is place1 ,?r\gh /ony m\nta9s & a dre>y wa/e2 ,?r\gh cliffs1 ^: %>p5'd /ones trem5d\s hung1 ,:]e dreadful d>kness spread itself ar\nd4 ,& ! error prevail$ s mu*1 ?\gh inde$ at pres5t x seems to me to be remov$1 t al?\gh m5 knew t ! bodies ( ! dead _h be5 burn$1 yet !y conceiv$ su* ?+s to be done 9 ! inf]nal regions z c\ld n be execut$ or imag9$ )\t a body2 = !y c\ld n conceive h[ disembodi$ s\ls c\ld exi/2 &1 !re=e1 !y look$ out = "s %ape or figure4 ,?is 0 ! orig9 ( all t acc\nt ( ! dead 9 ,hom]4 ,?is 0 ! idea t caus$ my fri5d ,appius to frame 8 ,necromancy2 & ?is is h[ !re got ab\t t idea ( ! lake ( ,av]nus1 9 my neighborhood1 ,f :5ce ! s\ls ( undi/+ui%'d %ape1 ,clad 9 ?ick %ade1 ru% f ! op5 gate ,( ,a*]on1 va9 phantoms ( ! dead4 ,& !y mu/ ne$s h ^! appe>ances speak1 :i* is n possible )\t a tongue1 & a palate1 & jaws1 & )\t ! help ( lungs & sides1 & )\t "s %ape or figure2 = !y c\ld see no?+ by _! m9d alone--!y ref]r$ all to _! eyes4 ,to )draw ! m9d f s5sual objects1 & ab/ract our ?\ghts f :at we are accu/om$ to1 is an attribute ( great g5ius4 ,i am p]suad$1 inde$1 t !re 7 _m su* m5 9 =m] ages2 b ,ph]ecydes#h ! ,syrian is ! fir/ on record :o said t ! s\ls ( m5 7 immortal1 & he 0 a philosoph] ( great antiquity1 9 ! reign ( my namesake ,tullius4 ,8 disciple ,py?agoras greatly confirm$ ?is op9ion1 :o came into ,italy 9 ! reign ( ,t>qu9 ! ,pr\d2 & all t c\ntry :i* is call$ ,great ,greece 0 occupi$ by 8 s*ool1 & he himself 0 held 9 high honor1 & _h ! greate/ au?ority2 & ! ,py?agorean sect 0 = _m ages aft] 9 su* great cr$it1 t all le>n+ 0 believ$ to be conf9$ to t "n4 ,,xvii4 ,b ,i return to ! anci5ts4 ,!y sc>cely ev] gave any reason = _! op9ion b :at c\ld be expla9$ by numb]s or def9itions4 ,x is report$ ( ,plato t he came into ,italy to make himself acqua9t$ ) ! ,py?agoreans2 & t :5 !re1 among o!rs1 he made an acqua9tance ) ,ar*ytas#i & ,timu1#aj & le>n$ f !m all ! t5ets ( ! ,py?agoreans2 & t he n only 0 ( ! same op9ion ) ,py?agoras conc]n+ ! immortality ( ! s\l1 b t he also br\ght reasons 9 support ( x2 :i*1 if y h no?+ to say aga9/ x1 ,i w pass ov]1 & say no m at pres5t ab\t all ?is hope ( immortality4 ,a4 ,:at1 w y leave me :5 y h rais$ my expectations s high8 ,i _h r1 s help me ,h]cules6 be mi/ak5 ) ,plato1 :om ,i "k h[ mu* y e/eem1 & :om ,i admire myself1 f :at y say ( him1 ?an be 9 ! "r ) ^? o!rs4 ,m4 ,i comm5d y2 =1 inde$1 ,i c\ld myself will+ly be mi/ak5 9 8 company4 ,d we1 !n1 d\bt1 z we d 9 o!r cases 7?\gh ,i ?9k "h is v little room = d\bt 9 ?is case1 = ! ma!maticians prove ! facts to u71 t ! e>? is plac$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! _w1 be+1 z x 71 a sort ( po9t1 :i* !y call a ,greek3 k5tron1 surr\nd$ by ! :ole heav5s2 & t su* is ! nature ( ! f\r pr9ciples :i* are ! g5]at+ causes ( all ?+s1 t !y h equally divid$ among !m ! con/itu5ts ( all bodies2 moreov]1 t e>?y & humid bodies are c>ri$ at equal angles by _! own weight & pond]osity into ! e>? & sea2 t ! o!r two p>ts consi/1 "o ( fire1 & ! o!r ( air8 ,z ! two =m] are c>ri$ by _! gravity & weight into ! middle region ( ! _w1 s ^!1 on ! o!r h&1 asc5d by "r l9es into ! cele/ial regions1 ei!r because1 ow+ to _! intr9sic nature1 !y are always endeavor+ to rea* ! highe/ place1 or else because light] bodies are naturally repell$ by heavi]2 & z ?is is notori\sly ! case1 x mu/ evid5tly foll[ t s\ls1 :5 once !y h dep>t$ f ! body1 :e!r !y are animal 7by :i* t]m ,i mean capable ( brea?+7 or ( ! nature ( fire1 mu/ m\nt upw>d4 ,b if ! s\l is "s numb]1 z "s p ass]t1 speak+ ) m subtlety ?an cle>ness1 or if x is t fif? nature1 = :i* x w\ld be m correct to say t we h n giv5 a "n to ?an t we d n correctly und]/& x--/ill x is too pure & p]fect n to g to a great di/ance f ! e>?4 ,some?+ ( ?is sort1 !n1 we mu/ believe ! s\l to be1 t we may n commit ! folly ( ?9k+ t s active a pr9ciple lies imm]g$ 9 ! he>t or bra92 or1 z ,emp$ocles w\ld h x1 9 ! blood4 ,,xviii4 ,we w pass ov] ,dicar*us1#aa ) 8 contempor>y & fell[-disciple ,ari/ox5us1#ab bo? inde$ m5 ( le>n+4 ,"o ( !m seems nev] ev5 to h be5 affect$ ) grief1 z he c\ld n p]ceive t he _h a s\l2 :ile ! o!r is s pleas$ ) 8 musical compositions t he endeavors to %[ an analogy betwixt !m & s\ls4 ,n[1 we may und]/& h>mony to arise f ! int]vals ( s\nds1 ^: v>i\s compositions occasion _m h>monies2 b ,i d n see h[ a disposition ( memb]s1 & ! figure ( a body )\t a s\l1 c occasion h>mony4 ,he _h bett]1 le>n$ z he is1 leave ^! speculations to 8 ma/] ,ari/otle1 & foll[ 8 own trade z a musician4 ,good advice is giv5 him 9 t ,greek prov]b1 ,apply y\r tal5ts :]e y be/ are skill'd4 ,i w h no?+ at all to d ) t =tuit\s conc\rse ( individual light & r\nd bodies1 not)/&+ ,democritus insi/s on _! be+ w>m & hav+ brea?1 t is to say1 life4 ,b ?is s\l1 :i* is comp\nd$ ( ei!r ( ! f\r pr9ciples f :i* we ass]t t all ?+s are d]iv$1 is ( inflam$ air1 z seems p>ticul>ly to h be5 ! op9ion ( ,pantius1 & mu/ necess>ily m\nt upw>d2 = air & fire h no t5d5cy d[nw>d1 b always asc5d2 s %\ld !y be dissipat$ t mu/ be at "s di/ance f ! e>?2 b %\ld !y rema91 & pres]ve _! orig9al /ate1 x is cle>] /ill t !y mu/ be c>ri$ heav5w>d1 & ?is gross & concrete air1 :i* is ne>e/ ! e>?1 mu/ be divid$ & brok5 by !m2 = ! s\l is w>m]1 or r hott]1 ?an t air1 :i* ,i j n[ call$ gross & concrete3 & ?is may be made evid5t f ?is consid]ation--t our bodies1 be+ comp\nd$ ( ! e>?y class ( pr9ciples1 gr[ w>m by ! heat ( ! s\l4 ,,xix4 ,we may add1 t ! s\l c ! m easily escape f ?is air1 :i* ,i h (t5 nam$1 & break ?r\gh x1 because no?+ is swift] ?an ! s\l2 no swiftness is comp>able to ! swiftness ( ! s\l1 :i*1 %\ld x rema9 uncorrupt & )\t alt]ation1 mu/ necess>ily be c>ri$ on ) su* velocity z to p5etrate & divide all ?is atmosph]e1 :]e cl\ds1 & ra91 & w9ds are =m$1 :i*1 9 consequ5ce ( ! exhalations f ! e>?1 is moi/ & d>k3 b1 :5 ! s\l has once got above ?is region1 & falls 9 )1 & recognizes1 a nature l its own1 x !n re/s ^u fires compos$ ( a comb9ation ( ?9 air & a mod]ate sol> heat1 & does n aim at any high] flight2 = !n1 aft] x has atta9$ a lightness & heat resembl+ its own1 x moves no m1 b rema9s /eady1 be+ balanc$1 z x 71 betwe5 two equal weights4 ,t1 !n1 is its natural seat :]e x has p5etrat$ to some?+ l itself1 & :]e1 want+ no?+ fur!r1 x may be support$ & ma9ta9$ by ! same alim5t :i* n\ri%es & ma9ta9s ! />s4 ,n[1 z we are usually incit$ to all sorts ( desires by ! /imulus ( ! body1 & ! m s z we endeavor to rival ^? :o are 9 possession ( :at we long =1 we %all c]ta9ly be happy :51 be+ emancipat$ f t body1 we at ! same "t get rid ( ^! desires & ?is rivalry4 ,& t :i* we d at pres5t1 :51 dismiss+ all o!r c>es1 we curi\sly exam9e & look into any?+1 we %all !n d ) great] fre$om2 & we %all employ ourselves entirely 9 ! contemplation & exam9ation ( ?+s2 because !re is naturally 9 our m9ds a c]ta9 insatiable desire to "k ! tru?1 & ! v region itself :]e we %all arrive1 z x gives u a m intuitive & easy k ( cele/ial ?+s1 w raise our desires aft] k4 ,= x 0 ?is beauty ( ! heav5s1 z se5 ev5 "h ^u e>?1 :i* gave bir? to t national & h]$it>y philosophy 7z ,!ophra/us calls x71 :i* 0 ?us excit$ to a desire ( k4 ,b ^? p]sons w 9 a mo/ especial degree enjoy ?is philosophy1 :o1 :ile !y 7 only inhabitants ( ?is _w & envelop$ 9 d>kness1 7 /ill desir\s ( look+ into ^! ?+s ) ! eye ( _! m9d4 ,,xx4 ,= if ^? m5 n[ ?9k t !y h atta9$ some?+ :o h se5 ! m\? ( ! ,pontus1 & ^? /raits :i* 7 pass$ by ! %ip call$ ,argo1 because1 ,f ,argos %e did *os5 m5 convey1 ,b\nd to fet* back ! ,gold5 ,fleece1 _! prey2 or ^? :o h se5 ! /raits ( ! ocean1 ,:]e ! swift waves divide ! neighbor+ %ores ,( ,europe1 & ( ,afric2 :at k9d ( sight d y imag9e t w be :5 ! :ole e>? is laid op5 to our view8 & t1 too1 n only 9 its position1 =m1 & b\nd>ies1 nor ^? p>ts ( x only :i* are habitable1 b ^? also t lie uncultivat$1 ?r\gh ! extremities ( heat & cold to :i* !y are expos$2 = n ev5 n[ is x ) our eyes t we view :at we see1 = ! body itself has no s5ses2 b 7z ! naturali/s1 ay1 & ev5 ! physicians assure u1 :o h op5$ our bodies1 & exam9$ !m7 !re are c]ta9 p]=at$ *annels f ! seat ( ! s\l to ! eyes1 e>s1 & nose2 s t frequ5tly1 :5 ei!r prev5t$ by m$itation1 or ! =ce ( "s bodily disord]1 we nei!r he> nor see1 ?\gh our eyes & e>s are op5 & 9 good condition2 s t we may easily appreh5d t x is ! s\l itself :i* sees & he>s1 & n ^? p>ts :i* are1 z x 71 b w9d[s to ! s\l1 by means ( :i*1 h[ev]1 %e c p]ceive no?+1 unless %e is on ! spot1 & ex]ts h]self4 ,h[ %all we acc\nt = ! fact t by ! same p[] ( ?9k+ we compreh5d ! mo/ diff]5t ?+s--z color1 ta/e1 heat1 smell1 & s\nd--:i* ! s\l c\ld nev] "k by h] five mess5g]s1 unless e ?+ 7 ref]r$ to h]1 & %e 7 ! sole judge ( all8 ,& we %all c]ta9ly discov] ^! ?+s 9 a m cle> & p]fect degree :5 ! s\l is dis5gag$ f ! body1 & has arriv$ at t goal to :i* nature leads h]2 = at pres5t1 not)/&+ nature has contriv$1 ) ! greate/ skill1 ^? *annels :i* lead f ! body to ! s\l1 yet are !y1 9 "s way or o!r1 /opp$ up ) e>?y & concrete bodies2 b :5 we %all be no?+ b s\l1 !n no?+ w int]f]e to prev5t our see+ ev]y?+ 9 its real sub/ance & 9 its true "*4 ,,xxi4 ,x is true1 ,i might expatiate1 did ! subject require x1 on ! _m & v>i\s objects ) :i* ! s\l w be ent]ta9$ 9 ^? heav5ly regions2 :5 ,i reflect on :i*1 ,i am apt to wond] at ! boldness ( "s philosoph]s1 :o are s /ruck ) admiration at ! k ( nature z to ?ank1 9 an exult+ mann]1 ! fir/ inv5tor & tea*] ( natural philosophy1 & to rev]5ce him z a ,god2 = !y decl>e t !y h be5 deliv]$ by 8 means f ! greate/ tyrants1 a p]petual t]ror1 & a fe> t mole/$ !m by night & day4 ,:at is ?is dread--?is fe>8 ,:at old woman is !re s weak z to fe> ^! ?+s1 :i* y1 =soo?1 _h y n be5 acqua9t$ ) natural philosophy1 w\ld /& 9 awe (8 ,! hall['d ro(s ( ,a*]on1 ! dread ,( ,orcus1 ! pale regions ( ! dead4 ,& does x become a philosoph] to boa/ t he is n afraid ( ^! ?+s1 & t he has discov]$ !m to be false8 ,& f ?is we may p]ceive h[ acute ^! m5 7 by nature1 :o1 if !y _h be5 left )\t any in/ruction1 w\ld h believ$ 9 ^! ?+s4 ,b n[ !y h c]ta9ly made a v f9e acquisition 9 le>n+ t :5 ! day ( _! dea? arrives1 !y w p]i% entirely4 ,& if t really is ! case--= ,i say no?+ ei!r way--:at is !re agreeable or glori\s 9 x8 ,n t ,i see any reason :y ! op9ion ( ,py?agoras & ,plato may n be true2 b ev5 al?\gh ,plato 7 to h assign$ no reason = 8 op9ion 7obs]ve h[ mu* ,i e/eem ! man71 ! weight ( 8 au?ority w\ld h borne me d[n2 b he has br\ght s _m reasons1 t he appe>s to me to h endeavor$ to conv9ce o!rs1 & c]ta9ly to h conv9c$ himself4 ,,xxii4 ,b !re are _m :o labor on ! o!r side ( ! "q1 & condemn s\ls to dea?1 z if !y 7 crim9als capitally convict$2 nor h !y any o!r reason to allege :y ! immortality ( ! s\l appe>s to !m to be incr$ible1 except t !y are n able to conceive :at sort ( ?+ ! s\l c be :5 dis5tangl$ f ! body2 j z if !y c\ld really =m a correct idea z to :at sort ( ?+ x is1 ev5 :5 x is 9 ! body2 :at its =m1 & size1 & abode are2 s t 7 !y able to h a full view ( all t is n[ hidd5 f !m 9 a liv+ body1 !y h no idea :e!r ! s\l w\ld be disc]nible by !m1 or :e!r x is ( s f9e a texture t x w\ld escape _! sight4 ,let ^? consid] ?is1 :o say t !y are unable to =m any idea ( ! s\l )\t ! body1 & !n !y w see :e!r !y c =m any adequate idea ( :at x is :5 x is 9 ! body4 ,= my own "p1 :5 ,i reflect on ! nature ( ! s\l1 x appe>s to me a f> m p]plex+ & obscure "q to det]m9e :at is its "* :ile x is 9 ! body--a place :i*1 z x 71 does n belong to x--?an to imag9e :at x is :5 x leaves x1 & has arriv$ at ! free !r1 :i* is1 if ,i may s say1 its prop]1 its own habitation4 ,= unless we are to say t we _c appreh5d ! "* or nature ( any?+ :i* we h nev] se51 we c]ta9ly may be able to =m "s notion ( ,god1 & ( ! div9e s\l :5 releas$ f ! body4 ,dicar*us1 inde$1 & ,ari/ox5us1 because x 0 h>d to und]/& ! exi/5ce & sub/ance & nature ( ! s\l1 ass]t$ t !re 0 no su* ?+ z a s\l at all4 ,x is1 inde$1 ! mo/ difficult ?+ imag9able to disc]n ! s\l by ! s\l4 ,& ?is1 d\btless1 is ! mean+ ( ! precept ( ,apollo1 :i* advises e "o to "k himself4 ,= ,i d n appreh5d ! mean+ ( ! ,god to h be5 t we %\ld und]/& our memb]s1 our /ature1 & =m2 = we are n m]ely bodies2 nor1 :5 ,i say ^! ?+s to y1 am ,i address+ myself to y\r body3 :51 !re=e1 he says1 ,"k y\rself1 he says ?is1 ,in=m y\rself ( ! nature ( y\r s\l2 = ! body is b a k9d ( vessel1 or receptacle ( ! s\l1 & :atev] y\r s\l does is y\r own act4 ,to "k ! s\l1 !n1 unless x _h be5 div9e1 w\ld n h be5 a precept ( su* excell5t wisdom z to be attribut$ to a ,god2 b ev5 ?\gh ! s\l %\ld n "k ( :at nature itself is1 w y say t x does n ev5 p]ceive t x exi/s at all1 or t x has motion8 ,on :i* is f\nd$ t reason ( ,plato's1 :i* is expla9$ by ,socrates 9 ! ,phdrus1 & ins]t$ by me1 9 my six? book ( ! ,republic4 ,,xxiii4 ,t :i* is always mov$ is et]nal2 b t :i* gives motion to some?+ else1 & is mov$ itself by "s ext]nal cause1 :5 t motion ceases1 mu/ necess>ily cease to exi/4 ,t1 !re=e1 alone1 :i* is self-mov$1 because x is nev] =sak5 by itself1 c nev] cease to be mov$4 ,besides1 x is ! beg9n+ & pr9ciple ( motion to ev]y?+ else2 b :atev] is a pr9ciple has no beg9n+1 = all ?+s arise f t pr9ciple1 & x _c itself owe its rise to any?+ else2 = !n x w\ld n be a pr9ciple did x proce$ f any?+ else4 ,b if x has no beg9n+1 x nev] w h any end2 = a pr9ciple :i* is once ext+ui%$ _c itself be re/or$ by any?+ else1 nor c x produce any?+ else f itself2 inasmu* z all ?+s mu/ necess>ily arise f "s fir/ cause4 ,& ?us x comes ab\t t ! fir/ pr9ciple ( motion mu/ arise f t ?+ :i* is itself mov$ by itself2 & t c nei!r h a beg9n+ nor an end ( its exi/5ce1 = o!rwise ! :ole heav5 & e>? w\ld be ov]set1 & all nature w\ld /& /ill1 & n be able to acquire any =ce by ! impulse ( :i* x might be fir/ set 9 motion4 ,see+1 !n1 t x is cle> t :atev] moves itself is et]nal1 c !re be any d\bt t ! s\l is s8 ,= ev]y?+ is inanimate :i* is mov$ by an ext]nal =ce2 b ev]y?+ :i* is animate is mov$ by an int]ior =ce1 :i* also belongs to itself4 ,= ?is is ! peculi> nature & p[] ( ! s\l2 & if ! s\l be ! only ?+ 9 ! :ole _w :i* has ! p[] ( self-motion1 !n c]ta9ly x nev] _h a beg9n+1 & !re=e x is et]nal4 ,n[1 %\ld all ! l[] ord] ( philosoph]s 7= s ,i ?9k !y may be call$ :o diss5t f ,plato & ,socrates & t s*ool7 unite _! =ce1 !y nev] w\ld be able to expla9 any?+ s elegantly z ?is1 nor ev5 to und]/& h[ +5i\sly ?is conclusion is drawn4 ,! s\l1 !n1 p]ceives itself to h motion1 & at ! same "t t x gets t p]ception1 x is s5sible t x d]ives t motion f its own p[]1 & n f ! ag5cy ( ano!r2 & x is impossible t x %\ld ev] =sake itself4 ,& ^! premises compel y to all[ its et]nity1 unless y h some?+ to say aga9/ !m4 ,a4 ,i %\ld myself be v well pleas$ n to h ev5 a ?\ght arise 9 my m9d aga9/ !m1 s mu* am ,i incl9$ to t op9ion4 ,,xxiv4 ,m4 ,well1 !n1 ,i appeal to y1 if ! argum5ts :i* prove t !re is some?+ div9e 9 ! s\ls ( m5 are n equally /rong8 ,b if ,i c\ld acc\nt = ! orig9 ( ^! div9e prop]ties1 !n ,i might also be able to expla9 h[ !y might cease to exi/2 = ,i ?9k ,i c acc\nt = ! mann] 9 :i* ! blood1 & bile1 & phlegm1 & bones1 & n]ves1 & ve9s1 & all ! limbs1 & ! %ape ( ! :ole body1 7 put toge!r & made2 ay1 & ev5 z to ! s\l itself1 7 !re no?+ m 9 x ?an a pr9ciple ( life1 !n ! life ( a man might be put ^u ! same foot+ z t ( a v9e or any o!r tree1 & acc\nt$ = z caus$ by nature2 = ^! ?+s1 z we say1 live4 ,besides1 if desires & av]sions 7 all t belong$ to ! s\l1 x w\ld h !m only 9 common ) ! bea/s2 b x has1 9 ! fir/ place1 memory1 & t1 too1 s inf9ite z to recollect an absolute c\ntless numb] ( circum/ances1 :i* ,plato w h to be a recollection ( a =m] life2 = 9 t book :i* is inscrib$ ,m5on1 ,socrates asks a *ild "s que/ions 9 geometry1 ) ref]5ce to measur+ a squ>e2 8 answ]s are su* z a *ild w\ld make1 & yet ! que/ions are s easy1 t :ile answ]+ !m1 "o by "o1 he comes to ! same po9t z if he _h le>n$ geometry4 ,f :5ce ,socrates w\ld inf] t le>n+ is no?+ m ?an recollection2 & ?is topic he expla9s m accurately 9 ! disc\rse :i* he held ! v day he di$2 = he !re ass]ts t1 any "o1 :o seem+ to be entirely illit]ate1 is yet able to answ] a "q well t is propos$ to him1 does 9 s do+ manife/ly %[ t he is n le>n+ x !n1 b recollect+ x by 8 memory4 ,nor is x to be acc\nt$ = 9 any o!r way1 h[ *ildr5 come to h notions ( s _m & su* important ?+s z are implant$1 &1 z x 71 seal$ up1 9 _! m9ds 7:i* ! ,greeks call ,greek3 ennoiai71 unless ! s\l1 be=e x ent]$ ! body1 _h be5 well /or$ ) k4 ,& z x _h no exi/5ce at all 7= ?is is ! inv>iable doctr9e ( ,plato1 :o w n admit any?+ to h a real exi/5ce :i* has a beg9n+ & an end1 & :o ?9ks t t alone does really exi/ :i* is ( su* a "* z :at he calls ,greek3 eidea1 & we species71 !re=e1 be+ %ut up 9 ! body1 x c\ld n :ile 9 ! body discov] :at x kn[s2 b x knew x be=e1 & br\ght ! k ) x1 s t we are no long] surpris$ at its ext5sive & multif>i\s k4 ,nor does ! s\l cle>ly discov] its ideas at its fir/ resort to ?is abode to :i* x is s unaccu/om$1 & :i* is 9 s di/urb$ a /ate2 b aft] hav+ refre%$ & recollect$ itself1 x !n by its memory recov]s !m2 &1 !re=e1 to le>n implies no?+ m ?an to recollect4 ,b ,i am 9 a p>ticul> mann] surpris$ at memory4 ,= :at is t faculty by :i* we rememb]8 :at is its =ce8 :at its nature8 ,i am n inquir+ h[ great a memory ,simonides#ac may be said to h _h1 or ,!odectes1#ad or t ,c9eas#ae :o 0 s5t to ,rome z ambassador f ,pyrrhus2 or1 9 m mod]n times1 ,*>madas2#af or1 v lately1 ,metrodorus#ag ! ,scepsian1 or our own contempor>y ,hort5sius#ah3 ,i am speak+ ( ord9>y memory1 & especially ( ^? m5 :o are employ$ 9 any important /udy or art1 ! great capacity ( ^: m9ds x is h>d to e/imate1 su* numb]s ( ?+s d !y rememb]4 ,,xxv4 ,%\ld y ask :at ?is leads to1 ,i ?9k we may und]/& :at t p[] is1 & :5ce we h x4 ,x c]ta9ly proce$s nei!r f ! he>t1 nor f ! blood1 nor f ! bra91 nor f atoms2 :e!r x be air or fire1 ,i "k n1 nor am ,i1 z ^? m5 are1 a%am$1 9 cases :]e ,i am ignorant1 to own t ,i am s4 ,if 9 any o!r obscure matt] ,i 7 able to ass]t any?+ positively1 !n ,i w\ld swe> t ! s\l1 be x air or fire1 is div9e4 ,j ?9k1 ,i besee* y3 c y imag9e ?is wond]ful p[] ( memory to be s[n 9 or to be a "p ( ! composition ( ! e>?1 or ( ?is d>k & gloomy atmosph]e8 ,?\gh y _c appreh5d :at x is1 yet y see :at k9d ( ?+ x is1 or if y d n q see t1 yet y c]ta9ly see h[ great x is4 ,:at1 !n8 ,%all we imag9e t !re is a k9d ( measure 9 ! s\l1 into :i*1 z into a vessel1 all t we rememb] is p\r$8 ,t inde$ is absurd2 = h[ %all we =m any idea ( ! bottom1 or ( ! %ape or fa%ion ( su* a s\l z t8 ,&1 aga91 h[ are we to conceive h[ mu* x is able to conta98 ,%all we imag9e ! s\l to receive impressions l wax1 & memory to be m>ks ( ! impressions made on ! s\l8 ,:at are ! *>act]s ( ! words1 :at ( ! facts !mselves8 & :at1 aga91 is t prodigi\s greatness :i* c give rise to impressions ( s _m ?+s8 ,:at1 la/ly1 is t p[] :i* inve/igates secret ?+s1 & is call$ inv5tion & contrivance8 ,does t man seem to be comp\nd$ ( ?is e>?ly1 mortal1 & p]i%+ nature :o fir/ inv5t$ names = ev]y?+2 :i*1 if y w believe ,py?agoras1 is ! highe/ pit* ( wisdom8 or he :o collect$ ! disp]s$ inhabitants ( ! _w1 & unit$ !m 9 ! bonds ( social life8 or he :o conf9$ ! s\nds ( ! voice1 :i* us$ to seem inf9ite1 to ! m>ks ( a few lett]s8 or he :o fir/ obs]v$ ! c\rses ( ! planets1 _! progressive motions1 _! laws8 ,^! 7 all great m54 ,b !y 7 great] /ill :o inv5t$ food1 & raim5t1 & h\ses2 :o introduc$ civilization among u1 & arm$ u aga9/ ! wild bea/s2 by :om we 7 made sociable & poli%$1 & s proce$$ f ! necess>ies ( life to its embelli%m5ts4 ,= we h provid$ great ent]ta9m5ts = ! e>s by inv5t+ & modulat+ ! v>iety & nature ( s\nds2 we h le>n$ to survey ! />s1 n only ^? t are fix$1 b also ^? :i* are improp]ly call$ w&]+2 & ! man :o has acqua9t$ himself ) all _! revolutions & motions is fairly consid]$ to h a s\l resembl+ ! s\l ( t ,be+ :o has creat$ ^? />s 9 ! heav5s3 = :5 ,ar*im$es describ$ 9 a sph]e ! motions ( ! moon1 sun1 & five planets1 he did ! v same ?+ z ,plato's ,god1 9 8 ,timu1 :o made ! _w1 caus+ "o revolution to adju/ motions diff]+ z mu* z possible 9 _! sl[ness & velocity4 ,n[1 all[+ t :at we see 9 ! _w c\ld n be effect$ )\t a ,god1 ,ar*im$es c\ld n h imitat$ ! same motions 9 8 sph]e )\t a div9e s\l4 ,,xxvi4 ,to me1 inde$1 x appe>s t ev5 ^? /udies :i* are m common & 9 great] e/eem are n )\t "s div9e en]gy3 s t ,i d n consid] t a poet c produce a s]i\s & sublime poem )\t "s div9e impulse work+ on 8 m9d2 nor d ,i ?9k t eloqu5ce1 ab\nd+ ) sonor\s words & fruitful s5t5ces1 c fl[ ?us )\t some?+ beyond m]e human p[]4 ,b z to philosophy1 t is ! p>5t ( all ! arts3 :at c we call t b1 z ,plato says1 a gift1 or1 z ,i express x1 an inv5tion1 ( ! ,gods8 ,?is x 0 :i* fir/ taught u ! wor%ip ( ! ,gods2 & !n l$ u on to ju/ice1 :i* arises f ! human race be+ =m$ into society2 & aft] t x imbu$ u ) mode/y & elevation ( s\l4 ,?is x 0 :i* disp]s$ d>kness f our s\ls1 z x is dispell$ f our eyes1 enabl+ u to see all ?+s t are above or bel[1 ! beg9n+1 end1 & middle ( ev]y?+4 ,i am conv9c$ entirely t t :i* c\ld effect s _m & su* great ?+s mu/ be a div9e p[]4 ,= :at is memory ( words & circum/ances8 ,:at1 too1 is inv5tion8 ,surely !y are ?+s ?an :i* no?+ great] c be conceiv$ 9 a ,god6 ,= ,i d n imag9e ! ,gods to be delight$ ) nect> & ambrosia1 or ) ,juv5tas pres5t+ !m ) a cup2 nor d ,i put any fai? 9 ,hom]1 :o says t ,ganym$e 0 c>ri$ away by ! ,gods on acc\nt ( 8 beauty1 9 ord] to give ,jupit] 8 w9e4 ,too weak reasons = do+ ,laom$on su* injury6 ,^! 7 m]e inv5tions ( ,hom]1 :o gave 8 ,gods ! imp]fections ( m54 ,i w\ld r t he _h giv5 m5 ! p]fections ( ! ,gods6 ^? p]fections1 ,i mean1 ( un9t]rupt$ heal?1 wisdom1 inv5tion1 memory4 ,!re=e ! s\l 7:i* is1 z ,i say1 div9e7 is1 z ,euripides m boldly expresses x1 a ,god4 ,& ?us1 if ! div9ity be air or fire1 ! s\l ( man is ! same2 = z t cele/ial nature has no?+ e>?ly or humid ab\t x1 9 l mann] ! s\l ( man is also free f bo? ^! qualities3 b if x is ( t fif? k9d ( nature1 fir/ introduc$ by ,ari/otle1 !n bo? ,gods & s\ls are ( ! same4 ,,xxvii4 ,z ?is is my op9ion1 ,i h expla9$ x 9 ^! v words1 9 my book on ,consolation4#ai ,! orig9 ( ! s\l ( man is n to be f\nd ^u e>?1 = !re is no?+ 9 ! s\l ( a mix$ or concrete nature1 or t has any appe>ance ( be+ =m$ or made out ( ! e>?2 no?+ ev5 humid1 or airy1 or fi]y4 ,= :at is !re 9 natures ( t k9d :i* has ! p[] ( memory1 und]/&+1 or ?\ght8 :i* c recollect ! pa/1 =esee ! future1 & compreh5d ! pres5t8 = ^! capabilities are conf9$ to div9e be+s2 nor c we discov] any s\rce f :i* m5 c\ld d]ive !m1 b f ,god4 ,!re is !re=e a peculi> nature & p[] 9 ! s\l1 di/9ct f ^? natures :i* are m kn[n & famili> to u4 ,:atev]1 !n1 t is :i* ?9ks1 & :i* has und]/&+1 & volition1 & a pr9ciple ( life1 is heav5ly & div9e1 & on t acc\nt mu/ necess>ily be et]nal2 nor c ,god himself1 :o is kn[n to u1 be conceiv$ to be any?+ else except a s\l free & unemb>rass$1 di/9ct f all mortal concretion1 acqua9t$ ) ev]y?+1 & giv+ motion to ev]y?+1 & itself endu$ ) p]petual motion4 ,,xxviii4 ,( ?is k9d & nature is ! intellect ( man4 ,:]e1 !n1 is ?is intellect seat$1 & ( :at "* is x8 :]e is y\r own1 & :at is its "*8 ,are y able to tell8 ,if ,i h n faculties = kn[+ all t ,i c\ld desire to "k1 w y n ev5 all[ me to make use ( ^? :i* ,i h8 ,! s\l has n suffici5t capacity to compreh5d itself2 yet1 ! s\l1 l ! eye1 ?\gh x has no di/9ct view ( itself1 sees o!r ?+s3 x does n see 7:i* is ( lea/ consequ5ce7 its own %ape2 p]haps n1 ?\gh x possibly may2 b we w pass t by3 b x c]ta9ly sees t x has vigor1 sagacity1 memory1 motion1 & velocity2 ^! are all great1 div9e1 et]nal prop]ties4 ,:at its appe>ance is1 or :]e x dwells1 x is n necess>y ev5 to inquire4 ,z :5 we behold1 fir/ ( all1 ! beauty & brilliant appe>ance ( ! heav5s2 secondly1 ! va/ velocity ( its revolutions1 beyond p[] ( our imag9ation to conceive2 !n ! vicissitudes ( nights & days1 ! f\rfold division ( ! seasons1 s well adapt$ to ! rip5+ ( ! fruits ( ! e>?1 & ! temp]ature ( our bodies3 & aft] t we look up to ! sun1 ! mod]ator & gov]nor ( all ^! ?+s2 & view ! moon1 by ! increase & decrease ( its light1 m>k+1 z x 71 & appo9t+ our holy days2 & see ! five planets1 borne on 9 ! same circle1 divid$ into twelve p>ts1 pres]v+ ! same c\rse ) ! greate/ regul>ity1 b ) utt]ly dissimil> motions among !mselves2 & ! nightly appe>ance ( ! heav51 adorn$ on all sides ) />s2 !n1 ! globe ( ! e>?1 rais$ above ! sea1 & plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! univ]se1 inhabit$ & cultivat$ 9 its two opposite extremities1 "o ( :i*1 ! place ( our habitation1 is situat$ t[>ds ! nor? pole1 "u ! sev5 />s3 ,:]e ! cold nor!rn bla/s1 ) horrid s\nd1 ,h>d5 to ice ! sn[y cov]'d gr\nd2 ! o!r1 t[>ds ! s\? pole1 is unkn[n to u1 b is call$ by ! ,greeks ,greek3 anti*?ona3 ! o!r p>ts are uncultivat$1 because !y are ei!r froz5 ) cold1 or burn$ up ) heat2 b :]e we dwell1 x nev] fails1 9 its season1 ,to yield a placid sky1 to bid ! trees ,assume ! lively v]dure ( _! leaves3 ,! v9e to bud1 &1 joyful1 9 its %oots1 ,=etell ! approa*+ v9tage ( its fruits3 ,! rip5'd corn to s+1 :ile all ar\nd ,full riv'lets glide2 & fl[]s deck ! gr\nd3 !n ! multitude ( cattle1 fit "p = food1 "p = till+ ! gr\nd1 o!rs = c>ry+ u1 or = clo?+ u2 & man himself1 made1 z x 71 on purpose to contemplate ! heav5s & ! ,gods1 & to pay adoration to !m3 la/ly1 ! :ole e>?1 & wide ext5d+ seas1 giv5 to man's use4 ,:5 we view ^! & numb]less o!r ?+s1 c we d\bt t !y h "s be+ :o presides ov] !m1 or has made !m 7if1 inde$1 !y h be5 made1 z is ! op9ion ( ,plato1 or if1 z ,ari/otle ?9ks1 !y are et]nal71 or :o at all ev5ts is ! regulator ( s imm5se a fabric & s great a bless+ to m58 ,?us1 ?\gh y see n ! s\l ( man1 z y see n ! ,deity1 yet1 z by ! contemplation ( 8 works y are l$ to ackn[l$ge a ,god1 s y mu/ own ! div9e p[] ( ! s\l1 f its rememb]+ ?+s1 f its inv5tion1 f ! quickness ( its motion1 & f all ! beauty ( virtue4 ,:]e1 !n1 is x seat$1 y w say8 ,,xxix4 ,9 my op9ion1 x is seat$ 9 ! head1 & ,i c br+ y reasons = my adopt+ t op9ion4 ,at pres5t1 let ! s\l reside :]e x w1 y c]ta9ly h "o 9 y4 ,%\ld y ask :at its nature is8 ,x has "o peculi>ly its own2 b admitt+ x to consi/ ( fire1 or air1 x does n affect ! pres5t "q4 ,only obs]ve ?is1 t z y are conv9c$ !re is a ,god1 ?\gh y are ignorant :]e he resides1 & :at %ape he is (2 9 l mann] y ought to feel assur$ t y h a s\l1 ?\gh y _c satisfy y\rself ( ! place ( its resid5ce1 nor its =m4 ,9 our k ( ! s\l1 unless we are grossly ignorant ( natural philosophy1 we _c b be satisfi$ t x has no?+ b :at is simple1 unmix$1 uncomp\nd$1 & s+le2 & if ?is is admitt$1 !n x _c be sep>at$1 nor divid$1 nor disp]s$1 nor p>t$1 & !re=e x _c p]i%2 = to p]i% implies a p>t+-asund]1 a division1 a disunion1 ( ^? p>ts :i*1 :ile x subsi/$1 7 held toge!r by "s b&4 ,& x 0 because he 0 influ5c$ by ^! & simil> reasons t ,socrates nei!r look$ out = anybody to plead = him :5 he 0 accus$1 nor begg$ any favor f 8 judges1 b ma9ta9$ a manly fre$om1 :i* 0 ! effect n ( pride1 b ( ! true greatness ( 8 s\l2 & on ! la/ day ( 8 life he held a long disc\rse on ?is subject2 & a few days be=e1 :5 he might h be5 easily fre$ f 8 conf9em5t1 he refus$ to be s2 & :5 he _h almo/ actually hold ( t deadly cup1 he spoke ) ! air ( a man n =c$ to die1 b asc5d+ into heav54 ,,xxx4 ,= s inde$ he ?\ght himself1 & ?us he spoke3 ,t !re 7 two ways1 & t ! s\ls ( m51 at _! dep>ture f ! body1 took diff]5t roads2 = ^? :i* 7 pollut$ ) vices t are common to m51 & :i* _h giv5 !mselves up entirely to unclean desires1 & _h become s bl9d$ by !m z to h habituat$ !mselves to all mann] ( debau*]y & pr(ligacy1 or to h laid dete/able s*emes = ! ru9 ( _! c\ntry1 took a road wide ( t :i* l$ to ! assembly ( ! ,gods2 b !y :o _h pres]v$ !mselves upright & *a/e1 & free f ! slighte/ contagion ( ! body1 & _h always kept !mselves z f> z possible at a di/ance f x1 & :ile on e>? _h propos$ to !mselves z a model ! life ( ! ,gods1 f\nd ! return to ^? be+s f :om !y _h come an easy "o4 ,!re=e1 he argues1 t all good & wise m5 %\ld take example f ! swans1 :o are consid]$ sacr$ to ,apollo1 n )\t reason1 b p>ticul>ly because !y seem to h receiv$ ! gift ( div9ation f him1 by :i*1 =esee+ h[ happy x is to die1 !y leave ?is _w ) s++ & joy4 ,nor c any "o d\bt ( ?is1 unless x happ5s to u :o ?9k ) c>e & anxiety ab\t ! s\l 7z is (t5 ! case ) ^? :o look e>ne/ly at ! sett+ sun71 to lose ! sight ( x entirely2 & s ! m9d's eye1 view+ itself1 sometimes gr[s dull1 & = t reason we become remiss 9 our contemplation4 ,?us our reason+ is borne ab\t1 h>ass$ ) d\bts & anxieties1 n kn[+ h[ to proce$1 b measur+ back aga9 ^? dang]\s tracts :i* x has pass$1 l a boat toss$ ab\t on ! b\ndless ocean4 ,b ^! reflections are ( long /&+1 & borr[$ f ! ,greeks4 ,b ,cato left ?is _w 9 su* a mann] z if he 7 delight$ t he _h f\nd an opportunity ( dy+2 = t ,god :o presides 9 u =bids our dep>ture h5ce )\t 8 leave4 ,b :5 ,god himself has giv5 u a j cause1 z =m]ly he did to ,socrates1 & lately to ,cato1 & (t5 to _m o!rs--9 su* a case1 c]ta9ly e man ( s5se w\ld gladly ex*ange ?is d>kness = t light3 n t he w\ld =cibly break f ! *a9s t held him1 = t w\ld be aga9/ ! law2 b1 l a man releas$ f prison by a magi/rate or "s lawful au?ority1 s he too w\ld walk away1 be+ releas$ & dis*>g$ by ,god4 ,= ! :ole life ( a philosoph] is1 z ! same philosoph] says1 a m$itation on dea?4 ,,xxxi4 ,= :at else is x t we d1 :5 we call (f our m9ds f pleasure1 t is to say1 f our att5tion to ! body1 f ! manag+ our dome/ic e/ate1 :i* is a sort ( h&maid & s]vant ( ! body1 or f duties ( a public nature1 or f all o!r s]i\s bus9ess :atev]8 ,:at else is x1 ,i say1 t we d1 b invite ! s\l to reflect on itself8 oblige x to conv]se ) itself1 &1 z f> z possible1 break (f its acqua9tance ) ! body8 ,n[1 to sep>ate ! s\l f ! body1 is to le>n to die1 & no?+ else :atev]4 ,:]e=e take my advice2 & let u m$itate on ?is1 & sep>ate ourselves z f> z possible f ! body1 t is to say1 let u accu/om ourselves to die4 ,?is w be enjoy+ a life l t ( heav5 ev5 :ile we rema9 on e>?2 & :5 we are c>ri$ ?i!r & releas$ f ^! bonds1 our s\ls w make _! progress ) m rapidity2 = ! _s :i* has always be5 fett]$ by ! bonds ( ! body1 ev5 :5 x is dis5gag$1 advances m sl[ly1 j z ^? d :o h worn actual fett]s = _m ye>s3 b :5 we h arriv$ at ?is emancipation f ! bonds ( ! body1 !n inde$ we %all beg9 to live1 = ?is pres5t life is really dea?1 :i* ,i c\ld say a good deal 9 lam5tation = if ,i *ose4 ,a4 ,y h lam5t$ x suffici5tly 9 y\r book on ,consolation2 & :5 ,i read t1 !re is no?+ :i* ,i desire m ?an to leave ^! ?+s2 b t desire is increas$ a great deal by :at ,i h j he>d4 ,m4 ,! "t w come1 & t soon1 & ) equal c]ta9ty1 :e!r y hang back or press =w>d2 = "t flies4 ,b dea? is s f> f be+ an evil1 z x lately appe>$ to y1 t ,i am incl9$ to suspect1 n t !re is no o!r ?+ :i* is an evil to man1 b r t !re is no?+ else :i* is a real good to him2 if1 at lea/1 x is true t we become !reby ei!r ,gods ourselves1 or companions ( ! ,gods4 ,h[ev]1 ?is is n ( s mu* consequ5ce1 z !re are "s ( u "h :o w n all[ ?is4 ,b ,i w n leave (f discuss+ ?is po9t till ,i h conv9c$ y t dea? c1 ^u no consid]ation :atev]1 be an evil4 ,a4 ,h[ c x1 aft] :at ,i n[ "k8 ,m4 ,d y ask h[ x c8 ,!re are cr[ds ( argu]s :o contradict ?is2 & ^? n only ,epicureans1 :om ,i reg>d v little1 b1 someh[ or o!r1 almo/ e man ( lett]s2 &1 above all1 my favorite ,dicar*us is v /r5u\s 9 oppos+ ! immortality ( ! s\l3 = he has writt5 ?ree books1 :i* are entitl$ ,lesbiacs1 because ! disc\rse 0 held at ,mityl5e1 9 :i* he seeks to prove t s\ls are mortal4 ,! ,/oics1 on ! o!r h&1 all[ u z long a "t = enjoym5t z ! life ( a rav52 !y all[ ! s\l to exi/ a great :ile1 b are aga9/ its et]nity4 ,,xxxii4 ,are y will+ to he> !n :y1 ev5 all[+ ?is1 dea? _c be an evil4 ,a4 ,z y please2 b no "o %all drive me f my belief 9 mortality4 ,m4 ,i comm5d y1 inde$1 = t2 ?\gh we %\ld n be too confid5t 9 our belief ( any?+2 = we are frequ5tly di/urb$ by "s subtle conclusion4 ,we give way & *ange our op9ions ev5 9 ?+s t are m evid5t ?an ?is2 = 9 ?is !re c]ta9ly is "s obscurity4 ,!re=e1 %\ld any?+ ( ?is k9d happ51 x is well to be on our gu>d4 ,a4 ,y are "r 9 t2 b ,i w provide aga9/ any accid5t4 ,m4 ,h y any objection to our dismiss+ our fri5ds ! ,/oics--^?1 ,i mean1 :o all[ t ! s\ls exi/ aft] !y h left ! body1 b yet d5y t !y exi/ =ev]8 ,a4 ,we c]ta9ly may dismiss ! consid]ation ( ^? m5 :o admit t :i* is ! mo/ difficult po9t 9 ! :ole "q1 namely1 t a s\l c exi/ indep5d5tly ( ! body1 & yet refuse to grant t :i* is n only v easy to believe1 b :i* is ev5 ! natural consequ5ce ( ! concession :i* !y h made--t if !y c exi/ = a l5g? ( "t2 !y mo/ likely d s =ev]4 ,m4 ,y take x "r2 t is ! v ?+4 ,%all we give1 !re=e1 any cr$it to ,pau/ius1 :5 he diss5ts f 8 ma/]1 ,plato8 :om he ev]y:]e calls div9e1 ! wise/1 ! holie/ ( m51 ! ,hom] ( philosoph]s1 & :om he opposes 9 no?+ except ?is s+le op9ion ( ! s\l's immortality3 = he ma9ta9s :at nobody d5ies1 t ev]y?+ :i* has be5 g5]at$ w p]i%1 & t ev5 s\ls are g5]at$1 :i* he ?9ks appe>s f _! resemblance to ^? ( ! m5 :o begot !m2 = t lik5ess is z app>5t 9 ! turn ( _! m9ds z 9 _! bodies4 ,b he br+s ano!r reason--t !re is no?+ :i* is s5sible ( pa9 :i* is n also liable to disease2 b :atev] is liable to disease mu/ be liable to dea?4 ,! s\l is s5sible ( pa91 !re=e x is liable to p]i%4 ,,xxxiii4 ,^! argum5ts may be refut$2 = !y proce$ f 8 n kn[+ t1 :ile discuss+ ! subject ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 he is speak+ ( ! intellect1 :i* is free f all turbid motion2 b n ( ^? p>ts ( ! m9d 9 :i* ^? disord]s1 ang] & lu/1 h _! seat1 & :i* he :om he is oppos+1 :5 he argues ?us1 imag9es to be di/9ct & sep>ate f ! m9d4 ,n[ ?is resemblance is m rem>kable 9 bea/s1 ^: s\ls are void ( reason4 ,b ! lik5ess 9 m5 consi/s m 9 ! configuration ( ! bodies3 & x is ( no little consequ5ce 9 :at bodies ! s\l is lodg$2 = !re are _m ?+s :i* dep5d on ! body t give an edge to ! s\l1 _m :i* blunt x4 ,ari/otle1 inde$1 says t all m5 ( great g5ius are melan*oly2 s t ,i %\ld n h be5 displeas$ to h be5 some:at dull] ?an ,i am4 ,he in/ances _m1 &1 z if x 7 matt] ( fact1 br+s 8 reasons = x4 ,b if ! p[] ( ^? ?+s t proce$ f ! body be s great z to influ5ce ! m9d 7= !y are ! ?+s1 :atev] !y are1 t occasion ?is lik5ess71 /ill t does n necess>ily prove :y a similitude ( s\ls %\ld be g5]at$4 ,i say no?+ ab\t cases ( unlik5ess4 ,i wi% ,pantius c\ld be "h3 he liv$ ) ,africanus4 ,i w\ld inquire ( him :i* ( 8 family ! nephew ( ,africanus's bro!r 0 l8 ,possibly he may 9 p]son h resembl$ 8 fa!r2 b 9 8 mann]s he 0 s l e pr(ligate1 ab&on$ man1 t x 0 impossible to be m s4 ,:om did ! gr&son ( ,p4 ,crassus1 t wise & eloqu5t & mo/ di/+ui%$ man1 resemble8 ,or ! relations & sons ( _m o!r excell5t m51 ^: names !re is no occasion to m5tion8 ,b :at are we do+8 ,h we =gott5 t our purpose 01 :5 we _h suffici5tly spok5 on ! subject ( ! immortality ( ! s\l1 to prove t1 ev5 if ! s\l did p]i%1 !re w\ld be1 ev5 !n1 no evil 9 dea?8 ,a4 ,i rememb]$ x v well2 b ,i _h no dislike to y\r digress+ a little f y\r orig9al design1 :ile y 7 talk+ ( ! s\l's immortality4 ,m4 ,i p]ceive y h sublime ?\ghts1 & are eag] to m\nt up to heav54 ,,xxxiv4 ,i am n )\t hopes myself t su* may be our fate4 ,b admit :at !y ass]t--t ! s\l does n cont9ue to exi/ aft] dea?4 ,a4 ,%\ld x be s1 ,i see t we are !n depriv$ ( ! hopes ( a happi] life4 ,m4 ,b :at is !re ( evil 9 t op9ion8 ,= let ! s\l p]i% z ! body3 is !re any pa91 or inde$ any feel+ at all1 9 ! body aft] dea?8 ,no "o1 inde$ ass]ts t2 ?\gh ,epicurus *>ges ,democritus ) say+ s2 b ! disciples ( ,democritus d5y x4 ,no s5se1 !re=e1 rema9s 9 ! s\l2 = ! s\l is n[h]e4 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! evil8 = !re is no?+ b ^! two ?+s4 ,is x because ! m]e sep>ation ( ! s\l & body _c be effect$ )\t pa98 ,b ev5 %\ld t be grant$1 h[ small a pa9 mu/ t be6 ,yet ,i ?9k t x is false1 & t x is v (t5 unaccompani$ by any s5sation at all1 & sometimes ev5 att5d$ ) pleasure2 b c]ta9ly ! :ole mu/ be v trifl+1 :atev] x is1 = x is in/antane\s4 ,:at makes u uneasy1 or r gives u pa91 is ! leav+ all ! good ?+s ( life4 ,b j consid] if ,i might n m prop]ly say1 leav+ ! evils ( life2 only !re is no reason = my n[ occupy+ myself 9 bewail+ ! life ( man1 & yet ,i might1 ) v good reason4 ,b :at occasion is !re1 :5 :at ,i am labor+ to prove is t no "o is mis]able aft] dea?1 to make life m mis]able by lam5t+ ov] x8 ,i h done t 9 ! book :i* ,i wrote1 9 ord] to com=t myself z well z ,i c\ld4 ,if1 !n1 our inquiry is aft] tru?1 dea? )draws u f evil1 n f good4 ,?is subject is inde$ s copi\sly h&l$ by ,hegesias1 ! ,cyr5aic philosoph]1 t he is said to h be5 =bidd5 by ,ptolemy f deliv]+ 8 lectures 9 ! s*ools1 because "s :o he>d him made away ) !mselves4 ,!re is1 too1 an epigram ( ,callima*us#bj on ,cleombrotus ( ,ambracia1 :o1 )\t any mis=tune hav+ befall5 him1 z he says1 ?rew himself f a wall into ! sea1 aft] he _h read a book ( ,plato's4 ,! book ,i m5tion$ ( t ,hegesias is call$ ,greek3 ,apok>t]t]n1 or ,a ,man :o />ves himself1 9 :i* a man is repres5t$ z kill+ himself by />vation1 till he is prev5t$ by 8 fri5ds1 9 reply to :om he reckons up all ! mis]ies ( human life4 ,i might d ! same1 ?\gh n s fully z he1 :o ?9ks x n wor? any man's :ile to live4 ,i pass ov] o!rs4 ,0 x ev5 wor? my :ile to live1 =1 _h ,i di$ be=e ,i 0 depriv$ ( ! com=ts ( my own family1 & ( ! honors :i* ,i receiv$ = my public s]vices1 w\ld n dea? h tak5 me f ! evils ( life r ?an f its bless+s8 ,,xxxv4 ,m5tion1 !re=e1 "s "o1 :o nev] knew di/ress2 :o nev] receiv$ any bl[ f =tune4 ,! great ,metellus _h f\r di/+ui%$ sons2 b ,priam _h fifty1 sev5te5 ( :om 7 born to him by 8 lawful wife4 ,=tune _h ! same p[] ov] bo?1 ?\gh %e ex]cis$ x b on "o2 = ,metellus 0 laid on 8 fun]al pile by a great company ( sons & daught]s1 gr&sons1 & gr&daught]s2 b ,priam fell by ! h& ( an enemy1 aft] hav+ fl$ to ! alt>1 & hav+ se5 himself depriv$ ( all 8 num]\s prog5y4 ,_h he di$ be=e ! dea? ( 8 sons & ! ru9 ( 8 k+dom1 ,) all 8 mighty weal? elate1 ,"u ri* canopies ( /ate2 w\ld he !n h be5 tak5 f good or f evil8 ,x w\ld inde$1 at t "t1 h appe>$ t he 0 be+ tak5 away f good2 yet surely x w\ld h turn$ out advantage\s = him2 nor %\ld we h _h ^! m\rnful v]ses1 ,lo6 ^! all p]i%'d 9 "o flam+ pile2 ,! foe old ,priam did ( life beguile1 ,& ) 8 blood1 ?y alt>1 ,jove1 defile4 ,z if any?+ bett] c\ld h happ5$ to him at t "t ?an to lose 8 life 9 t mann]2 b yet1 if x _h befall5 him soon]1 x w\ld h prev5t$ all ^? consequ5ces2 b ev5 z x 01 x releas$ him f any fur!r s5se ( !m4 ,! case ( our fri5d ,pompey#ba 0 some?+ bett]3 once1 :5 he _h be5 v ill at ,naples1 ! ,neapolitans1 on 8 recov]y1 put cr[ns on _! heads1 z did ^? ( ,puteoli2 ! p flock$ f ! c\ntry to congratulate him--x is a ,grecian cu/om1 & a fooli% "o2 /ill x is a sign ( good =tune4 ,b ! "q is1 _h he di$1 w\ld he h be5 tak5 f good1 or f evil8 ,c]ta9ly f evil4 ,he w\ld n h be5 engag$ 9 a w> ) 8 fa!r-9-law2#bb he w\ld n h tak5 up arms be=e he 0 prep>$2 he w\ld n h left 8 own h\se1 nor fl$ f ,italy2 he w\ld n1 aft] ! loss ( 8 army1 h fall5 un>m$ into ! h&s ( slaves1 & be5 put to dea? by !m2 8 *ildr5 w\ld n h be5 de/roy$2 nor w\ld 8 :ole =tune h come into ! possession ( ! conqu]ors4 ,did n he1 !n1 :o1 if he _h di$ at t "t1 w\ld h di$ 9 all 8 glory1 owe all ! great & t]rible mis=tunes into :i* he subsequ5tly fell to ! prolongation ( 8 life at t "t8 ,,xxxvi4 ,^! calamities are avoid$ by dea?1 = ev5 ?\gh !y %\ld nev] happ51 !re is a possibility t !y may2 b x nev] occurs to a man t su* a disa/] may befall him himself4 ,e "o hopes to be z happy z ,metellus3 z if ! numb] ( ! happy exce$$ t ( ! mis]able2 or z if !re 7 any c]ta9ty 9 human affairs2 or1 aga91 z if !re 7 m rational f\ndation = hope ?an fe>4 ,b %\ld we grant !m ev5 ?is1 t m5 are by dea? depriv$ ( good ?+s2 w\ld x foll[ t ! dead are !re=e 9 ne$ ( ! good ?+s ( life1 & are mis]able on t acc\nt8 ,c]ta9ly !y mu/ necess>ily say s4 ,c he :o does n exi/ be 9 ne$ ( any?+8 ,to be 9 ne$ ( has a melan*oly s\nd1 because x 9 effect am\nts to ?is--he _h1 b he has n2 he regrets1 he looks back ^u1 he wants4 ,su* are1 ,i suppose1 ! di/resses ( "o :o is 9 ne$ (4 ,is he depriv$ ( eyes8 to be bl9d is mis]y4 ,is he de/itute ( *ildr58 n to h !m is mis]y4 ,^! consid]ations apply to ! liv+1 b ! dead are nei!r 9 ne$ ( ! bless+s ( life1 nor ( life itself4 ,b :5 ,i am speak+ ( ! dead1 ,i am speak+ ( ^? :o h no exi/5ce4 ,b w\ld any "o say ( u1 :o d exi/1 t we want horns or w+s8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,%\ld x be ask$1 :y n8 ! answ] w\ld be1 t n to h :at nei!r cu/om nor nature has fitt$ y = w\ld n imply a want ( !m1 ev5 ?\gh y 7 s5sible t y _h !m n4 ,?is argum5t %\ld be press$ ov] & ov] aga91 aft] t po9t has once be5 e/abli%$1 :i*1 if s\ls are mortal1 !re c be no dispute ab\t--,i mean1 t ! de/ruction ( !m by dea? is s entire z to remove ev5 ! lea/ suspicion ( any s5se rema9+4 ,:51 !re=e1 ?is po9t is once well gr\nd$ & e/abli%$1 we mu/ correctly def9e :at ! t]m to want means2 t !re may be no mi/ake 9 ! ^w4 ,to want1 !n1 signifies ?is3 to be )\t t :i* y w\ld be glad to h2 = incl9ation = a ?+ is impli$ 9 ! ^w want1 except+ :5 we use ! ^w 9 an entirely diff]5t s5se1 z we d :5 we say t a fev] is want+ to any "o4 ,= x admits ( a diff]5t int]pretation1 :5 y are )\t a c]ta9 ?+1 & are s5sible t y are )\t x1 b yet c easily disp5se ) hav+ x4 ,to want1 !n1 is an expression :i* y _c apply to ! dead2 nor is ! m]e fact ( want+ some?+ necess>ily lam5table4 ,! prop] expression ought to be1 t !y want a good1 & t is an evil4 ,b a liv+ man does n want a good1 unless he is di/ress$ )\t x2 & yet1 we c easily und]/& h[ any man alive c be )\t a k+dom4 ,b ?is _c be pr$icat$ ( y ) any accuracy3 x might h be5 ass]t$ ( ,t>qu91 :5 he 0 driv5 f 8 k+dom4 ,b :5 su* an expression is us$ respect+ ! dead1 x is absolutely un9telligible4 ,= to want implies to be s5sible2 b ! dead are ins5sible3 !re=e1 ! dead c be 9 no want4 ,,xxxvii4 ,b :at occasion is !re to philosophize "h 9 a matt] ) :i* we see t philosophy is b little conc]n$8 ,h[ (t5 h n only our g5]als b :ole armies1 ru%$ on c]ta9 dea?6 ,b if x _h be5 a ?+ to be fe>$1 ,l4 ,brutus w\ld nev] h fall5 9 fight1 to prev5t ! return ( t tyrant :om he _h expell$2 nor w\ld ,decius ! fa!r h be5 sla9 9 fight+ ) ! ,lat9s2 nor w\ld 8 son1 :5 engag$ ) ! ,etruscans1 nor 8 gr&son ) ,pyrrhus h expos$ !mselves to ! enemy's d>ts4 ,spa9 w\ld nev] h se51 9 "o campaign1 ! ,scipios fall fight+ = _! c\ntry2 nor w\ld ! pla9s ( ,cann h witness$ ! dea? ( ,paulus & ,gem9us1 or ,v5usia t ( ,m>cellus2 nor w\ld ! ,lat9s h beheld ! dea? ( ,alb9us1 nor ! ,leucanians t ( ,grac*us4 ,b are any ( ^! mis]able n[8 ,nay1 !y 7 n s ev5 at ! fir/ mom5t aft] !y _h brea!d _! la/2 nor c any "o be mis]able aft] he has lo/ all s5sation4 ,oh1 b ! m]e circum/ance ( be+ )\t s5sation is mis]able4 ,x might be s if be+ )\t s5sation 7 ! same ?+ z want+ x2 b z x is evid5t !re c be no?+ ( any k9d 9 t :i* has no exi/5ce1 :at c !re be afflict+ to t :i* c nei!r feel want nor be s5sible ( any?+8 ,we might be said to h repeat$ ?is ov] too (t51 only t "h lies all t ! s\l %udd]s at f ! fe> ( dea?4 ,= :oev] c cle>ly appreh5d t :i* is z manife/ z ! light--t :5 bo? s\l & body are consum$1 & !re is a total de/ruction1 !n t :i* 0 an animal becomes no?+--w cle>ly see t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 a ,hippoc5taur1 :i* nev] _h exi/5ce1 & ,k+ ,agamemnon1 & t ,m4 ,camillus is no m conc]n$ ab\t ?is pres5t civil w> ?an ,i 0 at ! sack+ ( ,rome1 :5 he 0 liv+4 ,,xxxviii4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld ,camillus be affect$ ) ! ?\ghts ( ^! ?+s happ5+ ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] 8 "t8 ,& :y %\ld ,i be uneasy x ,i 7 to expect t "s nation might possess itself ( ?is city t5 ?\s& ye>s h5ce8 ,because s great is our reg>d = our c\ntry1 z n to be measur$ by our own feel+1 b by its own actual safety4 ,dea?1 !n1 :i* ?reat5s u daily f a ?\s& accid5ts1 & :i*1 by reason ( ! %ortness ( life1 c nev] be f> (f1 does n det] a wise man f mak+ su* provision = 8 c\ntry & 8 family z he hopes may la/ =ev]2 & f reg>d+ po/]ity1 ( :i* he c nev] h any real p]ception1 z belong+ to himself4 ,:]e=e a man may act = et]nity1 ev5 ?\gh he be p]suad$ t 8 s\l is mortal2 n1 inde$1 f a desire ( glory1 :i* he w be ins5sible (1 b f a pr9ciple ( virtue1 :i* glory w inevitably att5d1 ?\gh t is n 8 object4 ,! process1 inde$1 ( nature is ?is3 t j 9 ! same mann] z our bir? 0 ! beg9n+ ( ?+s ) u1 s dea? w be ! end2 & z we 7 n[ays conc]n$ ) any?+ be=e we 7 born1 s nei!r %all we be aft] we are dead4 ,& 9 ?is /ate ( ?+s :]e c ! evil be1 s9ce dea? has no connection ) ei!r ! liv+ or ! dead8 ,! "o h no exi/5ce at all1 ! o!r are n yet affect$ by x4 ,!y :o make ! lea/ ( dea? consid] x z hav+ a great resemblance to sleep2 z if any "o w\ld *oose to live n9ety ye>s on condition t1 at ! expiration ( sixty1 he %\ld sleep out ! rema9d]4 ,! v sw9e w\ld n accept ( life on ^? t]ms1 mu* less ,i4 ,endymion1 inde$1 if y li/5 to fables1 slept once on a "t on ,latmus1 a m\nta9 ( ,c>ia1 & = su* a l5g? ( "t t ,i imag9e he is n z yet awake4 ,d y ?9k t he is conc]n$ at ! ,moon's be+ 9 difficulties1 ?\gh x 0 by h] t he 0 ?r[n into t sleep1 9 ord] t %e might kiss him :ile sleep+4 ,= :at %\ld he be conc]n$ = :o has n ev5 any s5sation8 ,y look on sleep z an image ( dea?1 & y take t on y daily2 & h y1 !n1 any d\bt t !re is no s5sation 9 dea?1 :5 y see !re is none 9 sleep1 :i* is its ne> resemblance8 ,,xxxix4 ,away1 !n1 ) ^? follies1 :i* are little bett] ?an ! old wom5's dreams1 su* z t x is mis]able to die be=e our "t4 ,:at "t d y mean8 ,t ( nature8 ,b %e has only l5t y life1 z %e might l5d y money1 )\t fix+ any c]ta9 "t = its repaym5t4 ,h y any gr\nds ( compla9t1 !n1 t %e recalls x at h] pleasure8 = y receiv$ x on ^! t]ms4 ,!y t compla9 ?us all[ t if a "y *ild dies1 ! survivors ought to be> 8 loss ) equanimity2 t if an infant 9 ! cradle dies1 !y ought n ev5 to utt] a compla9t2 & yet nature has be5 m sev]e ) !m 9 dem&+ back :at %e gave4 ,!y answ] by say+ t su* h n ta/$ ! sweets ( life2 :ile ! o!r _h begun to conceive hopes ( great happ9ess1 &1 inde$1 _h begun to realize !m4 ,m5 judge bett] 9 o!r ?+s1 & all[ a "p to be pref]able to none4 ,:y d !y n admit ! same e/imate 9 life8 ,?\gh ,callima*us does n speak amiss 9 say+ t m te>s _h fl[$ f ,priam ?an 8 son2 yet !y are ?\ght happi] :o die aft] !y h rea*$ old age4 ,x w\ld be h>d to say :y2 = ,i d n appreh5d t any "o1 if a long] life 7 grant$ to him1 w\ld f9d x happi]4 ,!re is no?+ m agreeable to a man ?an prud5ce1 :i* old age mo/ c]ta9ly be/[s on a man1 ?\gh x may /rip him ( ev]y?+ else4 ,b :at age is long1 or :at is !re at all long to a man8 ,does n ,old age1 ?\gh unreg>d$1 /ill att5d ,on *ildhood's pa/imes1 z ! c>es ( m58 ,b because !re is no?+ beyond old age1 we call t long3 all ^! ?+s are said to be long or %ort1 accord+ to ! proportion ( "t !y 7 giv5 u =4 ,arti/otle sai? !re is a k9d ( insect ne> ! riv] ,hypanis1 :i* runs f a c]ta9 "p ( ,europe into ! ,pontus1 ^: life consi/s b ( "o day2 ^? t die at ! eigh? h\r die 9 full age2 ^? :o die :5 ! sun sets are v old1 especially :5 ! days are at ! longe/4 ,comp>e our longe/ life ) et]nity1 & we %all be f\nd almo/ z %ort-liv$ z ^? little animals4 ,,xl4 ,let u1 !n1 despise all ^! follies--= :at s(t] "n c ,i give to su* levities8--& let u lay ! f\ndation ( our happ9ess 9 ! /r5g? & greatness ( our m9ds1 9 a contempt & disreg>d ( all e>?ly ?+s1 & 9 ! practice ( e virtue4 ,= at pres5t we are en]vat$ by ! s(tness ( our imag9ations1 s t1 %\ld we leave ?is _w be=e ! promises ( our =tune-tell]s are made good to u1 we %\ld ?9k ourselves depriv$ ( "s great advantages1 & seem disappo9t$ & =lorn4 ,b if1 ?r\gh life1 we are 9 cont9ual susp5se1 /ill expect+1 /ill desir+1 & are 9 cont9ual pa9 & torture1 good ,gods6 h[ pleasant mu/ t j\rney be :i* ends 9 security & ease6 ,h[ pleas$ am ,i ) ,!ram5es6 ,( h[ exalt$ a s\l does he appe>6 ,=1 al?\gh we nev] read ( him )\t te>s1 yet t illu/ri\s man is n to be lam5t$ 9 8 dea?1 :o1 :5 he _h be5 imprison$ by ! comm& ( ! ?irty tyrants1 drank (f1 at "o draught1 z if he _h be5 ?ir/y1 ! poison$ cup1 & ?rew ! rema9d] out ( x ) su* =ce t x s\nd$ z x fell2 & !n1 on he>+ ! s\nd ( ! drops1 he said1 ) a smile1 ,i dr9k ?is to ! mo/ excell5t ,critias1 :o _h be5 8 mo/ bitt] enemy2 = x is cu/om>y among ! ,greeks1 at _! banquets1 to "n ! p]son to :om !y int5d to deliv] ! cup4 ,?is celebrat$ man 0 pleasant to ! la/1 ev5 :5 he _h receiv$ ! poison into 8 b[els1 & truly =etold ! dea? ( t man :om he nam$ :5 he drank ! poison1 & t dea? soon foll[$4 ,:o t ?9ks dea? an evil c\ld approve ( ! ev5ness ( temp] 9 ?is great man at ! in/ant ( dy+8 ,socrates came1 a few ye>s aft]1 to ! same prison & ! same cup by z great iniquity on ! "p ( 8 judges z ! tyrants display$ :5 !y execut$ ,!ram5es4 ,:at a spee* is t :i* ,plato makes him deliv] be=e 8 judges1 aft] !y _h condemn$ him to dea?6 ,,xli4 ,i am n )\t hopes1 ,o judges1 t x is a favorable circum/ance = me t ,i am condemn$ to die2 = "o ( ^! two ?+s mu/ necess>ily happ5--ei!r t dea? w deprive me entirely ( all s5se1 or else t1 by dy+1 ,i %all g f h5ce into "s o!r place2 :]e=e1 if all s5se is utt]ly ext+ui%$1 & if dea? is l t sleep :i* sometimes is s undi/urb$ z to be ev5 )\t ! visions ( dreams--9 t case1 ,o ye good ,gods6 :at ga9 is x to die8 or :at l5g? ( days c be imag9$ :i* w\ld be pref]able to su* a night8 ,& if ! con/ant c\rse ( future "t is to resemble t night1 :o is happi] ?an ,i am8 ,b if on ! o!r h&1 :at is said be true1 namely1 t dea? is b a removal to ^? regions :]e ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ dwell1 !n t /ate mu/ be m happy /ill to h escap$ f ^? :o call !mselves judges1 & to appe> be=e su* z are truly s--,m9os1 ,rhadaman?us1 acus1 ,triptolemus--& to meet ) ^? :o h liv$ ) ju/ice & probity6#bc ,c ?is *ange ( abode appe> o!rwise ?an great to y8 ,:at b\nds c y set to ! value ( conv]s+ ) ,orpheus1 & ,musu1 & ,hom]1 & ,hesiod8 ,i w\ld ev51 7 x possible1 will+ly die (t51 9 ord] to prove ! c]ta9ty ( :at ,i speak (4 ,:at delight mu/ x be to meet ) ,palam$es1 & ,ajax1 & o!rs1 :o h be5 betray$ by ! iniquity ( _! judges6 ,!n1 also1 %\ld ,i exp]i5ce ! wisdom ( ev5 t k+ ( k+s1 :o l$ 8 va/ troops to ,troy1 & ! prud5ce ( ,ulysses & ,sisyphus3 nor %\ld ,i !n be condemn$ = prosecut+ my inquiries on su* subjects 9 ! same way 9 :i* ,i h done "h on e>?4 ,& ev5 y1 my judges1 y1 ,i mean1 :o h vot$ = my acquittal1 d n y fe> dea?1 = no?+ bad c befall a good man1 :e!r he be alive or dead2 nor are 8 conc]ns ev] ov]look$ by ! ,gods2 nor 9 my case ei!r has ?is befall5 me by *ance2 & ,i h no?+ to *>ge ^? m5 ) :o accus$ or condemn$ me b ! fact t !y believ$ t !y 7 do+ me h>m4 ,9 ?is mann] he proce$$4 ,!re is no "p ( 8 spee* :i* ,i admire m ?an 8 la/ words3 ,b x is "t1 says he1 = me n[ to g h5ce1 t ,i may die2 & = y1 t y may cont9ue to live4 ,:i* condition ( ! two is ! be/1 ! immortal ,gods "k2 b ,i d n believe t any mortal man does4 ,,xlii4 ,surely ,i w\ld r h _h ?is man's s\l ?an all ! =tunes ( ^? :o sat 9 judgm5t on him2 al?\gh t v ?+ :i* he says no "o except ! ,gods "k1 namely1 :e!r life or dea? is mo/ pref]able1 he kn[s himself1 = he _h previ\sly /at$ 8 op9ion on x2 b he ma9ta9$ to ! la/ t favorite maxim ( 81 ( affirm+ no?+4 ,& let u1 too1 adh]e to ?is rule ( n ?9k+ any?+ an evil :i* is a g5]al provision ( nature2 & let u assure ourselves1 t if dea? is an evil1 x is an et]nal evil1 = dea? seems to be ! end ( a mis]able life2 b if dea? is a mis]y1 !re c be no end ( t4 ,b :y d ,i m5tion ,socrates1 or ,!ram5es1 m5 di/+ui%$ by ! glory ( virtue & wisdom8 :5 a c]ta9 ,lac$momian1 ^: "n is n s mu* z kn[n1 held dea? 9 su* contempt1 t1 :5 l$ to x by ! ephori1 he bore a *e]ful & pleasant c\nt5ance2 &1 :5 he 0 ask$ by "o ( 8 enemies :e!r he despis$ ! laws ( ,lycurgus1 ,on ! contr>y1 answ]$ he1 ,i am greatly oblig$ to him1 = he has am]c$ me 9 a f9e :i* ,i c pay )\t borr[+1 or tak+ up money at int]e/4 ,?is 0 a man wor?y ( ,sp>ta4 ,& ,i am almo/ p]suad$ ( 8 innoc5ce because ( ! greatness ( 8 s\l4 ,our own city has produc$ _m su*4 ,b :y %\ld ,i "n g5]als1 & o!r m5 ( high rank1 :5 ,cato c\ld write t legions h m>*$ ) alacrity to t place f :5ce !y nev] expect$ to return8 ,) no less greatness ( s\l fell ! ,lac$monians at ,!rmopyl1 on :om ,simonides wrote ! foll[+ epitaph3 ,g1 /rang]1 tell ! ,sp>tans1 "h we lie1 ,:o to support _! laws dur/ boldly die4#bd ,:at 0 x t ,leonidas1 _! g5]al1 said to !m8 ,m>* on ) c\rage1 my ,lac$monians4 ,to-night1 p]haps1 we %all sup 9 ! regions bel[4 ,?is 0 a brave nation :ile ! laws ( ,lycurgus 7 9 =ce4 ,"o ( !m1 :5 a ,p]sian _h said to him 9 conv]sation1 ,we %all hide ! sun f y\r sight by ! numb] ( our arr[s & d>ts1 repli$1 ,we %all fight1 !n 9 ! %ade4 ,d ,i talk ( _! m58 ,h[ great 0 t ,lac$monian woman1 :o _h s5t h] son to battle1 & :5 %e he>d t he 0 sla91 said1 ,i bore him = t purpose1 t y might h a man :o dur/ die = 8 c\ntry6 ,h[ev]1 x is a matt] ( notoriety t ! ,sp>tans 7 bold & h>dy1 = ! discipl9e ( a republic has great influ5ce4 ,,xliii4 ,:at1 !n1 h we n reason to admire ,!odorus ! ,cyr5ean1 a philosoph] ( no small di/9ction1 :o1 :5 ,lysima*us ?reat5$ to crucify him1 bade him keep ^? m5aces = 8 c\rti]s8 ,to ,!odorus x makes no diff]5ce :e!r he rot 9 ! air or und]gr\nd4 ,by :i* say+ ( ! philosoph] ,i am rem9d$ to say some?+ ( ! cu/om ( fun]als & sepulture1 & ( fun]al c]emonies1 :i* is1 inde$1 n a difficult subject1 especially if we recollect :at has be5 be=e said ab\t ins5sibility4 ,! op9ion ( ,socrates respect+ ?is matt] is cle>ly /at$ 9 ! book :i* treats ( 8 dea?1 ( :i* we h already said s mu*2 = :5 he _h discuss$ ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & :5 ! "t ( 8 dy+ 0 approa*+ rapidly1 be+ ask$ by ,criton h[ he w\ld be buri$1 ,i h tak5 a great deal ( pa9s1 sai? he1 my fri5ds1 to no purpose1 = ,i h n conv9c$ our ,criton t ,i %all fly f h5ce1 & leave no "p ( me beh9d4 ,not)/&+1 ,criton1 if y c ov]take me1 :]esoev] y get hold ( me1 bury me z y please3 b believe me1 none ( y w be able to cat* me :5 ,i h fl[n away f h5ce4 ,t 0 excell5tly said1 inasmu* z he all[s 8 fri5d to d z he pleas$1 & yet %[s 8 indiff]5ce ab\t any?+ ( ?is k9d4 ,diog5es 0 r\gh]1 ?\gh ( ! same op9ion2 b 9 8 "* ( a ,cynic he express$ himself 9 a some:at h>%] mann]2 he ord]$ himself to be ?r[n any:]e )\t be+ buri$4 ,& :5 8 fri5ds repli$1 ,:at6 to ! birds & bea/s8 ,by no means1 sai? he2 place my /aff ne> me1 t ,i may drive !m away4 ,h[ c y d t1 !y answ]1 = y w n p]ceive !m8 ,h[ am ,i !n injur$ by be+ torn by ^? animals1 if ,i h no s5sation8 ,anaxagoras1 :5 he 0 at ! po9t ( dea? at ,lampsacus1 & 0 ask$ by 8 fri5ds1 :e!r1 if any?+ %\ld happ5 to him1 he w\ld n *oose to be c>ri$ to ,clazom51 8 c\ntry1 made ?is excell5t answ]1 ,!re is1 says he1 no occasion = t1 = all places are at an equal di/ance f ! inf]nal regions4 ,!re is "o ?+ to be obs]v$ ) respect to ! :ole subject ( burial1 t x relates to ! body1 :e!r ! s\l live or die4 ,n[1 ) reg>d to ! body1 x is cle> t1 :e!r ! s\l live or die1 t has no s5sation4 ,,xliv4 ,b all ?+s are full ( errors4 ,a*illes drags ,hector1 ti$ to 8 *>iot2 he ?9ks1 ,i suppose1 he te>s 8 fle%1 & t ,hector feels ! pa9 ( x2 !re=e1 he av5ges himself on him1 z he imag9es4 ,b ,hecuba bewails ?is z a sore mis=tune3 ,i saw 7a dreadful sight7 great ,hector sla91 ,dragg'd at ,a*illes' c> along ! pla94 ,:at ,hector8 or h[ long w he be ,hector8 ,accius is bett] 9 ?is1 & ,a*illes1 too1 is sometimes reasonable3 ,i ,hector's body to 8 sire convey'd1 ,hector ,i s5t to ! inf]nal %ade4 ,x 0 n ,hector t y dragg$ along1 b a body t _h be5 ,hector's4 ,"h ano!r />ts f und]gr\nd1 & w n suff] 8 "m to sleep3 ,to !e ,i call1 my once-lov$ p>5t1 he>1 ,nor long] ) ?y sleep relieve ?y c>e2 ,?9e eye :i* pities n is clos$--arise2 ,l+'r+ ,i wait ! unpaid obsequies4 ,:5 ^! v]ses are sung ) a sl[ & melan*oly tune1 s z to affect ! :ole !atre ) sadness1 "o c sc>ce help ?9k+ ^? unhappy t are unburi$3 ,ere ! dev\r+ dogs & hungry vultures444 ,he is afraid he %all n h ! use ( 8 limbs s well if !y are torn to pieces1 b is "u no su* appreh5sions if !y are burn$3 ,nor leave my nak$ bones1 my poor rema9s1 ,to %ameful viol5ce & bloody /a9s4 ,i d n und]/& :at he c\ld fe> :o c\ld p\r =? su* excell5t v]ses to ! s\nd ( ! flute4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 adh]e to ?is1 t no?+ is to be reg>d$ aft] we are dead1 ?\gh _m p rev5ge !mselves on _! dead enemies4 ,?ye/es p\rs =? sev]al curses 9 "s good l9es ( ,ennius1 pray+1 fir/ ( all1 t ,atreus may p]i% by a %ipwreck1 :i* is c]ta9ly a v t]rible ?+1 = su* a dea? is n free f v griev\s s5sations4 ,!n foll[ ^! unmean+ expressions3 ,may ,on ! %>p rock 8 mangl$ c>cass lie1 ,8 entrails torn1 to hungry birds a prey6 ,may he convulsive wri! 8 ble$+ side1 ,& ) 8 clott$ gore ! /ones be dy$6 ,! rocks !mselves 7 n m de/itute ( feel+ ?an he :o 0 hang+ to !m by 8 side2 ?\gh ,?ye/es imag9es he is wi%+ him ! greate/ torture4 ,x w\ld be torture1 inde$1 if he 7 s5sible2 b z he is n1 x c be none2 !n h[ v unmean+ is ?is3 ,let him1 /ill hov]+ o'er ! ,/ygian wave1 ,ne'er rea* ! body's peaceful port1 ! grave6 ,y see "u :at mi/ak5 notions all ?is is said4 ,he imag9es ! body has its hav51 & t ! dead are at re/ 9 _! graves4 ,pelops 0 greatly to blame 9 n hav+ in=m$ & taught 8 son :at reg>d 0 due to ev]y?+4 ,,xlv4 ,b :at occasion is !re to animadv]t on ! op9ions ( individuals1 :5 we may obs]ve :ole nations to fall into all sorts ( errors8 ,! ,egyptians embalm _! dead1 & keep !m 9 _! h\ses2 ! ,p]sians dress !m ov] ) wax1 & !n bury !m1 t !y may pres]ve _! bodies z long z possible4 ,x is cu/om>y ) ! ,magi to bury none ( _! ord]1 unless !y h be5 fir/ torn by wild bea/s4 ,9 ,hyrcania1 ! p ma9ta9 dogs = ! public use2 ! nobles h _! own--& we "k t !y h a good bre$ ( dogs2 b e "o1 accord+ to 8 ability1 provides himself ) "s1 9 ord] to be torn by !m2 & !y hold t to be ! be/ k9d ( int]m5t4 ,*rysippus1 :o is curi\s 9 all k9ds ( hi/orical facts1 has collect$ _m o!r ?+s ( ?is k9d2 b "s ( !m are s (f5sive z n to admit ( be+ relat$4 ,all t has be5 said ( bury+ is n wor? our reg>d ) respect to ourselves1 ?\gh x is n to be neglect$ z to our fri5ds1 provid$ we are ?or\ghly aw>e t ! dead are ins5sible4 ,b ! liv+1 inde$1 %\ld consid] :at is due to cu/om & op9ion2 only !y %\ld at ! same "t consid] t ! dead are n[ays int]e/$ 9 x4 ,b dea? truly is !n met ) ! greate/ tranquillity :5 ! dy+ man c com=t himself ) 8 own praise4 ,no "o dies too soon :o has f9i%$ ! c\rse ( p]fect virtue4 ,i myself h kn[n _m occasions :5 ,i h seem$ 9 dang] ( imm$iate dea?2 oh6 h[ ,i wi% x _h come to me6 = ,i h ga9$ no?+ by ! delay4 ,i _h gone ov] & ov] aga9 ! duties ( life2 no?+ rema9$ b to cont5d ) =tune4 ,if reason1 !n1 _c suffici5tly =tify u to enable u to feel a contempt = dea?1 at all ev5ts let our pa/ life prove t we h liv$ long en\gh1 & ev5 long] ?an 0 necess>y2 = not)/&+ ! deprivation ( s5se1 ! dead are n )\t t good :i* peculi>ly belongs to !m1 namely1 ! praise & glory :i* !y h acquir$1 ev5 ?\gh !y are n s5sible ( x4 ,= al?\gh !re be no?+ 9 glory to make x desirable1 yet x foll[s virtue z its %ad[2 & ! g5u9e judgm5t ( ! multitude on good m51 if ev] !y =m any1 is m to _! own praise ?an ( any real advantage to ! dead4 ,yet ,i _c say1 h[ev] x may be receiv$1 t ,lycurgus & ,solon h no glory f _! laws1 & f ! political con/itution :i* !y e/abli%$ 9 _! c\ntry2 or t ,!mi/ocles & ,epam9ondas h n glory f _! m>tial virtue4 ,,xlvi4 ,= ,neptune %all soon] bury ,salamis itself ) 8 wat]s ?an ! memory ( ! trophies ga9$ !re2 & ! ,boeotian ,leuctra %all p]i% soon] ?an ! glory ( t great battle4 ,& long] /ill %all fame be be=e x des]ts ,curius1 & ,fabricius1 & ,calat9us1 & ! two ,scipios1 & ! two ,africani1 & ,maximus1 & ,m>cellus1 & ,paulus1 & ,cato1 & ,llius1 & numb]less o!r h]oes2 & :oev] has caught any resemblance ( !m1 n e/imat+ x by common fame1 b by ! real applause ( good m51 may ) confid5ce1 :5 ! occasion requires1 approa* dea?1 on :i* we are sure t ev5 if ! *ief good is n cont9u$1 at lea/ no evil is4 ,su* a man w\ld ev5 wi% to die :ile 9 prosp]ity2 = all ! favors t c\ld be heap$ on him w\ld n be s agreeable to him z ! loss ( !m w\ld be pa9ful4 ,t spee* ( ! ,lac$monian seems to h ! same mean+1 :o1 :5 ,diagoras ! ,rhodian1 :o _h himself be5 a conqu]or at ! ,olympic games1 saw two ( 8 own sons conqu]ors !re on ! same day1 approa*$ ! old man1 &1 congratulat+ him1 said1 ,y %\ld die n[1 ,diagoras1 = no great] happ9ess c possibly await y4 ,! ,greeks look on ^! z great ?+s2 p]haps !y ?9k too highly ( !m1 or1 r1 !y did s !n4 ,& s he :o said ?is to ,diagoras1 look+ on x z some?+ v glori\s1 t ?ree m5 out ( "o family %\ld h be5 conqu]ors !re1 ?\ght x c\ld answ] no purpose to him to cont9ue any long] 9 life1 :]e he c\ld only be expos$ to a rev]se ( =tune4 ,i might h giv5 y a suffici5t answ]1 z x seems to me1 on ?is po9t1 9 a few words1 z y _h all[$ ! dead 7 n expos$ to any positive evil2 b ,i h spok5 at great] l5g? on ! subject = ?is reason1 because ?is is our greate/ consolation 9 ! los+ & bewail+ ( our fri5ds4 ,= we ought to be> ) mod]ation any grief :i* arises f ourselves1 or is endur$ on our own acc\nt1 le/ we %\ld seem to be too mu* influ5c$ by self-love4 ,b %\ld we suspect our dep>t$ fri5ds to be "u ^? evils1 :i* !y are g5]ally imag9$ to be1 & to be s5sible ( !m1 !n su* a suspicion w\ld give u intol]able pa92 & accord+ly ,i wi%$1 = my own sake1 to pluck up ?is op9ion by ! roots1 & on t acc\nt ,i h be5 p]haps some:at m prolix ?an 0 necess>y4 ,,xlvii4 ,a4 ,m prolix ?an 0 necess>y8 ,c]ta9ty n1 9 my op9ion4 ,= ,i 0 induc$1 by ! =m] "p ( y\r spee*1 to wi% to die2 b1 by ! latt]1 sometimes n to be unwill+1 & at o!rs to be :olly indiff]5t ab\t x4 ,b ! effect ( y\r :ole argum5t is1 t ,i am conv9c$ t dea? ought n to be class$ among ! evils4 ,m4 ,d y1 !n1 expect t ,i am to give y a regul> p]oration1 l ! rhetoricians1 or %all ,i =ego t art8 ,a4 ,i w\ld n h y give ov] an art :i* y h set (f to su* advantage2 & y 7 9 ! "r to d s1 =1 to speak ! tru?1 x also has set y (f4 ,b :at is t p]oration8 ,= ,i %\ld be glad to he> x1 :atev] x is4 ,m4 ,x is cu/om>y1 9 ! s*ools1 to produce ! op9ions ( ! immortal ,gods on dea?2 nor are ^! op9ions ! fruits ( ! imag9ation alone ( ! lectur]s1 b !y h ! au?ority ( ,h]odotus & _m o!rs4 ,cleobis & ,biton are ! fir/ !y m5tion1 sons ( ! ,argive prie/ess2 ! /ory is a well-kn[n "o4 ,z x 0 necess>y t %e %\ld be drawn 9 a *>iot to a c]ta9 annual sacrifice1 :i* 0 solemniz$ at a temple "s consid]able di/ance f ! t[n1 & ! cattle t 7 to draw ! *>iot _h n arriv$1 ^? two "y m5 :om ,i h j m5tion$1 pull+ (f _! g>m5ts1 & ano9t+ _! bodies ) oil1 h>ness$ !mselves to ! yoke4 ,& 9 ?is mann] ! prie/ess 0 convey$ to ! temple2 & :5 ! *>iot _h arriv$ at ! prop] place1 %e is said to h entreat$ ! ,goddess to be/[ on !m1 z a rew>d = _! piety1 ! greate/ gift t a ,god c\ld conf] on man4 ,& ! "y m51 aft] hav+ fea/$ ) _! "m1 fell asleep2 & 9 ! morn+ !y 7 f\nd dead4 ,trophonius & ,agam$es are said to h put up ! same petition1 = !y1 hav+ built a temple to ,apollo at ,delphi1 (f]$ supplications to ! ,god1 & desir$ ( him "s extraord9>y rew>d = _! c>e & labor1 p>ticul>iz+ no?+1 b ask+ = :atev] 0 be/ = m54 ,accord+ly1 ,apollo signifi$ to !m t he w\ld be/[ x on !m 9 ?ree days1 & on ! ?ird day at daybreak !y 7 f\nd dead4 ,& s !y say t ?is 0 a =mal decision pron\nc$ by t ,god to :om ! re/ ( ! deities h assign$ ! prov9ce ( div9+ ) an accuracy sup]ior to t ( all ! re/4 ,,xlviii4 ,!re is also a /ory told ( ,sil5us1 :o1 :5 tak5 prison] by ,midas1 is said to h made him ?is pres5t = 8 ransom--namely1 t he in=m$ him#be t nev] to h be5 born 0 by f> ! greate/ bless+ t c\ld happ5 to man2 & t ! next be/ ?+ 0 to die v soon2 :i* v op9ion ,euripides makes use ( 9 8 ,cresphontes1 say+1 ,:5 man is born1 'tis fit1 ) solemn %[1 ,we speak our s5se ( 8 approa*+ woe2 ,) o!r ge/ures & a diff]5t eye1 ,proclaim our pleasure :5 he's bid to die4#bf ,!re is some?+ l ?is 9 ,crantor's ,consolation2 = he says t ,t]9sus ( ,elysia1 :5 he 0 bitt]ly lam5t+ ! loss ( 8 son1 came to a place ( div9ation to be in=m$ :y he 0 visit$ ) s great affliction1 & receiv$ 9 8 tablet ^! ?ree v]ses3 ,?\ fool1 to murmur at ,eu?yn\s' dea?6 ,! bloom+ y\? to fate resigns 8 brea?3 ,! fate1 :]eon y\r happ9ess dep5ds1 ,at once ! p>5t & ! son befri5ds4#bg ,on ^! & simil> au?orities !y affirm t ! "q has be5 det]m9$ by ! ,gods4 ,nay1 m2 ,alcidamas1 an anci5t rhetorician ( ! v highe/ reputation1 wrote ev5 9 praise ( dea?1 :i* he endeavor$ to e/abli% by an enum]ation ( ! evils ( life2 & 8 ,diss]tation has a great deal ( eloqu5ce 9 x2 b he 0 unacqua9t$ ) ! m ref9$ argum5ts ( ! philosoph]s4 ,by ! orators1 inde$1 to die = our c\ntry is always consid]$ n only z glori\s1 b ev5 z happy3 !y g back z f> z ,ere*!us1#bh ^: v daught]s und]w5t dea?1 = ! safety ( _! fell[-citiz5s3 !y in/ance ,codrus1 :o ?rew himself into ! mid/ ( 8 enemies1 dress$ l a common man1 t 8 royal robes might n betray him1 because ! oracle _h decl>$ ! ,a!nians conqu]ors1 if _! k+ 0 sla94 ,m5oeceus#bi is n ov]look$ by !m1 :o1 9 compliance ) ! injunctions ( an oracle1 freely %$ 8 blood = 8 c\ntry4 ,iphig5ia ord]$ h]self to be convey$ to ,aulis1 to be sacrific$1 t h] blood might be ! cause ( spill+ t ( h] enemies4 ,,xlix4 ,f h5ce !y proce$ to in/ances ( a fre%] date4 ,h>modius & ,ari/ogiton are 9 ev]ybody's m\?2 ! memory ( ,leonidas ! ,lac$monian & ,epam9ondas ! ,!ban is z fre% z ev]4 ,^? philosoph]s 7 n acqua9t$ ) ! _m in/ances 9 our c\ntry--to give a li/ ( :om w\ld take up too mu* "t--:o1 we see1 consid]$ dea? desirable z long z x 0 accompani$ ) honor4 ,b1 not)/&+ ?is is ! correct view ( ! case1 we mu/ use mu* p]suasion1 speak z if we 7 endu$ ) "s high] au?ority1 9 ord] to br+ m5 to beg9 to wi% to die1 or cease to be afraid ( dea?4 ,= if t la/ day does n occasion an entire ext9ction1 b a *ange ( abode only1 :at c be m desirable8 ,& if x1 on ! o!r h&1 de/roys1 & absolutely puts an end to u1 :at c be pref]able to ! hav+ a deep sleep fall on u1 9 ! mid/ ( ! fatigues ( life1 & be+ ?us ov]tak51 to sleep to et]nity8 ,&1 %\ld ?is really be ! case1 !n ,ennius's language is m consi/5t ) wisdom ?an ,solon's2 = our ,ennius says1 ,let none be/[ ^u my pass+ bi] ,"o ne$less sigh or unavail+ te>4 ,b ! wise ,solon says1 ,let me n unlam5t$ die1 b o'er my bi] ,bur/ =? ! t5d] sigh1 ! fri5dly te>4#cj ,b let u1 if inde$ x %\ld be our fate to "k ! "t :i* is appo9t$ by ! ,gods = u to die1 prep>e ourselves = x ) a *e]ful & grateful m9d1 ?9k+ ourselves l m5 :o are deliv]$ f a jail1 & releas$ f _! fett]s1 = ! purpose ( go+ back to our et]nal habitation1 :i* may be m emphatically call$ our own2 or else to be dive/$ ( all s5se & tr\ble4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we %\ld h no notice giv5 u ( ?is decree1 yet let u cultivate su* a disposition z to look on t =midable h\r ( dea? z happy = u1 ?\gh %ock+ to our fri5ds2 & let u nev] imag9e any?+ to be an evil :i* is an appo9tm5t ( ! immortal ,gods1 or ( nature1 ! common p>5t ( all4 ,= x is n by haz>d or )\t design t we h be5 born & situat$ z we h4 ,on ! contr>y1 beyond all d\bt !re is a c]ta9 p[] :i* consults ! happ9ess ( human nature2 & ?is w\ld nei!r h produc$ nor provid$ = a be+ :i*1 aft] hav+ gone ?r\gh ! labors ( life1 0 to fall into et]nal mis]y by dea?4 ,let u r inf] t we h a retreat & hav5 prep>$ = u1 :i* ,i wi% we c\ld cr[d all sail & arrive at2 b ?\gh ! w9ds %\ld n s]ve1 & we %\ld be driv5 back1 yet we %all to a c]ta9ty arrive at t po9t ev5tually1 ?\gh some:at lat]4 ,b h[ c t be mis]able = "o :i* all mu/ ( necessity und]go8 ,i h giv5 y a p]oration1 t y might n ?9k ,i _h ov]look$ or neglect$ any?+4 ,a4 ,i am p]suad$ y h n2 &1 inde$1 t p]oration has confirm$ me4 ,m4 ,i am glad x has _h t effect4 ,b x is n[ "t to consult our heal?4 ,to-morr[1 & all ! "t we cont9ue 9 ?is ,tusculan villa1 let u consid] ?is subject2 & especially ^? portions ( x :i* may ease our pa91 alleviate our fe>s1 & less5 our desires1 :i* is ! greate/ advantage we c reap f ! :ole ( philosophy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,,ii4 ,,on ,,be>+ ,,pa94 ,i4 ,neoptolemus1 9 ,ennius1 inde$1 says t ! /udy ( philosophy 0 exp$i5t = him2 b t x requir$ limit+ to a few subjects1 = t to give himself up entirely to x 0 :at he did n approve (4 ,& = my "p1 ,brutus1 ,i am p]fectly p]suad$ t x is exp$i5t = me to philosophize2 = :at c ,i d bett]1 especially z ,i h no regul> occupation8 ,b ,i am n = limit+ my philosophy to a few subjects1 z he does2 = philosophy is a matt] 9 :i* x is difficult to acquire a little k )\t acqua9t+ y\rself ) _m1 or all its bran*es1 nor c y well take a few subjects )\t select+ !m out ( a great numb]2 nor c any "o1 :o has acquir$ ! k ( a few po9ts1 avoid endeavor+ ) ! same eag]ness to und]/& m4 ,b /ill1 9 a busy life1 & 9 "o ma9ly occupi$ ) milit>y matt]s1 su* z t ( ,neoptolemus 0 at t "t1 ev5 t limit$ degree ( acqua9tance ) philosophy may be ( great use1 & may yield fruit1 n p]haps s pl5tiful z a ?or\gh k ( ! :ole ( philosophy1 b yet su* z 9 "s degree may at times deliv] u f ! dom9ion ( our desires1 our sorr[s1 & our fe>s2 j z ! effect ( t discussion :i* we lately ma9ta9$ 9 my ,tusculan villa seem$ to be t a great contempt ( dea? 0 eng5d]$1 :i* contempt is ( no small efficacy t[>ds deliv]+ ! m9d f fe>2 = :oev] dreads :at _c be avoid$ c by no means live ) a quiet & tranquil m9d4 ,b he :o is "u no fe> ( dea?1 n only because x is a ?+ absolutely inevitable b also because he is p]suad$ t dea? itself ha? no?+ t]rible 9 x1 provides himself ) a v great res\rce t[>ds a happy life4 ,h[ev]1 ,i am n tol]ant t _m w argue /r5u\sly aga9/ u2 &1 inde$1 t is a ?+ :i* c nev] be avoid$1 except by ab/a9+ f writ+ at all4 ,= if my ,orations1 :i* 7 address$ to ! judgm5t & approbation ( ! p 7= t is a popul> art1 & ! object ( oratory is popul> applause71 h be5 criticis$ by "s p :o are incl9$ to )hold _! praise f ev]y?+ b :at !y are p]suad$ !y c atta9 to !mselves1 & :o limit _! ideas ( good speak+ by ! hopes :i* !y conceive ( :at !y !mselves may atta9 to1 & :o decl>e1 :5 !y are ov]:elm$ ) a fl[ ( words & s5t5ces1 t !y pref] ! utmo/ pov]ty ( ?\ght & expression to t pl5ty & copi\sness 7f :i* arose ! ,attic k9d ( oratory1 :i* !y :o pr(ess$ x 7 /rang]s to1 ?\gh !y h n[ be5 "s "t sil5c$1 & laugh$ out ( ! v c\rts ( ju/ice71 :at may ,i n expect1 :5 at pres5t ,i _c h ! lea/ c\nt5ance f ! p by :om ,i us$ to be upheld be=e8 ,= philosophy is satisfi$ ) a few judges1 & ( h] own accord indu/ri\sly avoids ! multitude1 :o are jeal\s ( x1 & utt]ly displeas$ ) x2 s t1 %\ld any "o und]take to cry d[n ! :ole ( x1 he w\ld h ! p on 8 side2 :ile1 if he %\ld attack t s*ool :i* ,i p>ticul>ly pr(ess1 he w\ld h great assi/ance f ^? ( ! o!r philosoph]s4 ,,ii4 ,b ,i h answ]$ ! detractors ( philosophy 9 g5]al1 9 my ,hort5sius4 ,& :at ,i _h to say 9 favor ( ! ,academics1 is1 ,i ?9k1 expla9$ ) suffici5t accuracy 9 my f\r books ( ! ,academic ,"q4 ,b yet ,i am s f> f desir+ t no "o %\ld write aga9/ me1 t x is :at ,i mo/ e>ne/ly wi%2 = philosophy w\ld nev] h be5 9 su* e/eem 9 ,greece itself1 if x _h n be5 = ! /r5g? :i* x acquir$ f ! cont5tions & disputations ( ! mo/ le>n$ m52 & !re=e ,i recomm5d all m5 :o h abilities to foll[ my advice to snat* ?is art also f decl9+ ,greece1 & to transport x to ?is city2 z our ance/ors by _! /udy & indu/ry h import$ all _! o!r arts :i* 7 wor? hav+4 ,?us ! praise ( oratory1 rais$ f a l[ degree1 is arriv$ at su* p]fection t x mu/ n[ decl9e1 &1 z is ! nature ( all ?+s1 v]ge to its dissolution 9 a v %ort "t4 ,let philosophy1 !n1 d]ive its bir? 9 ,lat9 language f ?is "t1 & let u l5d x our assi/ance1 & be> pati5tly to be contradict$ & refut$2 & al?\gh ^? m5 may dislike su* treatm5t :o are b\nd & devot$ to c]ta9 pr$et]m9$ op9ions1 & are "u su* obligations to ma9ta9 !m t !y are =c$1 = ! sake ( consi/5cy1 to adh]e to !m ev5 ?\gh !y d n !mselves :olly approve ( !m2 we1 on ! o!r h&1 :o pursue only probabilities1 & :o _c g beyond t :i* seems really likely1 c confute o!rs )\t ob/9acy1 & are prep>$ to be confut$ ourselves )\t res5tm5t4 ,besides1 if ^! /udies are ev] br\ght home to u1 we %all n want ev5 ,greek libr>ies1 9 :i* !re is an inf9ite numb] ( books1 by reason ( ! multitude ( au?ors among !m2 = x is a common practice ) _m to repeat ! same ?+s :i* h be5 writt5 by o!rs1 :i* s]ves no purpose b to /uff _! %elves2 & ?is w be our case1 too1 if _m apply !mselves to ?is /udy4 ,,iii4 ,b let u excite ^?1 if possible1 :o h _h a lib]al education1 & are ma/]s ( an elegant /yle1 & :o philosophize ) reason & me?od4 ,= !re is a c]ta9 class ( !m :o w\ld will+ly be call$ philosoph]s1 ^: books 9 our language are said to be num]\s1 & :i* ,i d n despise2 =1 inde$1 ,i nev] read !m3 b /ill1 because ! au?ors !mselves decl>e t !y write )\t any regul>ity1 or me?od1 or elegance1 or ornam5t1 ,i d n c>e to read :at mu/ be s void ( ent]ta9m5t4 ,!re is no "o 9 ! lea/ acqua9t$ ) lit]ature :o does n "k ! /yle & s5tim5ts ( t s*ool2 :]e=e1 s9ce !y are at no pa9s to express !mselves well1 ,i d n see :y !y %\ld be read by anybody except by "o ano!r4 ,let !m read !m1 if !y please1 :o are ( ! same op9ions2 = 9 ! same mann] z all m5 read ,plato & ! o!r ,socratics1 ) ^? :o sprung f !m1 ev5 ^? :o d n agree ) _! op9ions1 or are v indiff]5t ab\t !m2 b sc>cely any "o except _! own disciples take ,epicurus or ,metrodorus into _! h&s2 s !y alone read ^! ,lat9 books :o ?9k t ! argum5ts conta9$ 9 !m are s\nd4 ,b1 9 my op9ion1 :atev] is publi%$ %\ld be recomm5d$ to ! read+ ( e man ( le>n+2 & ?\gh we may n succe$ 9 ?is ourselves1 yet nev]!less we mu/ be s5sible t ?is ought to be ! aim ( e writ]4 ,& on ?is acc\nt ,i h always be5 pleas$ ) ! cu/om ( ! ,p]ipatetics & ,academics1 ( disput+ on bo? sides ( ! "q2 n solely f its be+ ! only me?od ( discov]+ :at is probable on e subject1 b also because x af=ds ! greate/ scope = practis+ eloqu5ce2 a me?od t ,ari/otle fir/ made use (1 & aft]w>d all ! ,ari/otelians2 & 9 our own memory ,plilo1 :om we h (t5 he>d1 appo9t$ "o "t to treat ( ! precepts ( ! rhetoricians1 & ano!r = philosophical discussion1 to :i* cu/om ,i 0 br\ght to con=m by my fri5ds at my ,tusculum2 & accord+ly our leisure "t 0 sp5t 9 ?is mann]4 ,& !re=e1 z ye/]day be=e noon we appli$ ourselves to speak+1 & 9 ! aft]noon w5t d[n into ! ,academy1 ! discussions :i* 7 held !re ,i h acqua9t$ y )1 n 9 ! mann] ( a n>ration1 b 9 almo/ ! v same words :i* 7 employ$ 9 ! debate4 ,,iv4 ,! disc\rse1 !n1 0 introduc$ 9 ?is mann] :ile we 7 walk+1 & x 0 comm5c$ by "s su* an op5+ z ?is3 ,a4 ,x is n to be express$ h[ mu* ,i 0 delight$1 or r edifi$1 by y\r disc\rse ( ye/]day4 ,= al?\gh ,i am consci\s to myself t ,i h nev] be5 too fond ( life1 yet at times1 :5 ,i h consid]$ t !re w\ld be an end to ?is life1 & t ,i mu/ "s "t or o!r "p ) all its good ?+s1 a c]ta9 dread & uneas9ess us$ to intrude itself on my ?\ghts2 b n[1 believe me1 ,i am s fre$ f t k9d ( uneas9ess t !re is no?+ t ,i ?9k less wor? any reg>d4 ,m4 ,i am n at all surpris$ at t1 = x is ! effect ( philosophy1 :i* is ! m$ic9e ( our s\ls2 x bani%es all gr\ndless appreh5sions1 frees u f desires1 & drives away fe>s3 b x has n ! same influ5ce ov] all m52 x is ( v great influ5ce :5 x falls 9 ) a disposition well adapt$ to x4 ,= n only does ,=tune1 z ! old prov]b says1 assi/ ! bold1 b reason does s 9 a /ill great] degree2 = x1 by c]ta9 precepts1 z x 71 /r5g!ns ev5 c\rage itself4 ,y 7 born naturally great & so>+1 & ) a contempt = all ?+s :i* p]ta9 to man alone2 !re=e a disc\rse aga9/ dea? took easy possession ( a brave s\l4 ,b d y imag9e t ^! same argum5ts h any =ce ) ^? v p]sons :o h inv5t$1 & canvass$1 & publi%$ !m1 except+ inde$ "s v few p>ticul> p]sons8 ,= h[ few philosoph]s w y meet ) ^: life & mann]s are con=mable to ! dictates ( reason6 :o look on _! pr(ession1 n z a means ( display+ _! le>n+1 b z a rule = _! own practice6 :o foll[ _! own precepts1 & comply ) _! own decrees6 ,y may see "s ( su* levity & su* vanity1 t x w\ld h be5 bett] = !m to h be5 ignorant2 "s covet\s ( money1 "s o!rs eag] = glory1 _m slaves to _! lu/s2 s t _! disc\rses & _! actions are mo/ /rangely at v>iance2 ?an :i* no?+ 9 my op9ion c be m unbecom+3 = j z if "o :o pr(ess$ to tea* gramm> %\ld speak ) impropriety1 or a ma/] ( music s+ out ( tune1 su* conduct has ! wor/ appe>ance 9 ^! m51 because !y blund] 9 ! v p>ticul> ) :i* !y pr(ess t !y are well acqua9t$4 ,s a philosoph] :o errs 9 ! conduct ( 8 life is ! m infam\s because he is err+ 9 ! v ?+ :i* he pret5ds to tea*1 &1 :ile he lays d[n rules to regulate life by1 is irregul> 9 8 own life4 ,v4 ,a4 ,%\ld ?is be ! case1 is x n to be fe>$ t y are dress+ up philosophy 9 false colors8 ,= :at /rong] argum5t c !re be t x is ( little use ?an t "s v pr(\nd philosoph]s live 9 a discr$itable mann]8 ,m4 ,t1 inde$1 is no argum5t at all1 = z all ! fields :i* are cultivat$ are n fruitful 7& ?is s5tim5t ( ,accius is false1 & ass]t$ )\t any f\ndation1 ,! gr\nd y s[ on is ( small avail2 ,to yield a crop good se$ c nev] fail71 x is n e m9d :i* has be5 prop]ly cultivat$ t produces fruit2 &1 to g on ) ! comp>ison1 z a field1 al?\gh x may be naturally fruitful1 _c produce a crop )\t dress+1 s nei!r c ! m9d )\t education2 su* is ! weakness ( ei!r )\t ! o!r4 ,:]eas philosophy is ! culture ( ! m9d3 ?is x is :i* plucks up vices by ! roots2 prep>es ! m9d = ! receiv+ ( se$s2 commits !m to x1 or1 z ,i may say1 s[s !m1 9 ! hope t1 :5 come to maturity1 !y may produce a pl5tiful h>ve/4 ,let u proce$1 !n1 z we began4 ,say1 if y please1 :at %all be ! subject ( our disputation4 ,a4 ,i look on pa9 to be ! greate/ ( all evils4 ,m4 ,:at1 ev5 great] ?an infamy8 ,a4 ,i d>e n inde$ ass]t t2 & ,i blu% to ?9k ,i am s soon driv5 f my gr\nd4 ,m4 ,y w\ld h _h great] reason = blu%+ _h y p]sev]$ 9 x2 = :at is s unbecom+--:at c appe> worse to y1 ?an disgrace1 wick$ness1 immorality8 ,to avoid :i*1 :at pa9 is !re :i* we ought n 7,i w n say to avoid %irk+1 b ev57 ( our own accord to enc\nt]1 & und]go1 & ev5 to c\rt8 ,a4 ,i am entirely ( t op9ion2 b1 not)/&+ t pa9 is n ! greate/ evil1 yet surely x is an evil4 ,m4 ,d y p]ceive1 !n1 h[ mu* ( ! t]ror ( pa9 y h giv5 up on a small h9t8 ,a4 ,i see t pla9ly2 b ,i %\ld be glad to give up m ( x4 ,m4 ,i w endeavor to make y d s2 b x is a great und]tak+1 & ,i mu/ h a disposition on y\r "p :i* is n incl9$ to (f] any ob/acles4 ,a4 ,y %all h su*3 = z ,i behav$ ye/]day1 s n[ ,i w foll[ reason :]ev] %e leads4 ,,vi4 ,m4 ,fir/1 !n1 ,i w speak ( ! weakness ( _m philosoph]s1 & ^?1 too1 ( v>i\s sects2 ! head ( :om1 bo? 9 au?ority & antiquity1 0 ,ari/ippus1 ! pupil ( ,socrates1 :o hesitat$ n to say t pa9 0 ! greate/ ( all evils4 ,& aft] him ,epicurus easily gave 9 to ?is effem9ate & en]vat$ doctr9e4 ,aft] him ,hi]onymus ! ,rhodian said1 t to be )\t pa9 0 ! *ief good1 s great an evil did pa9 appe> to him to be4 ,! re/1 ) ! exceptions ( ,z5o1 ,ari/o1 ,pyrrho1 7 pretty mu* ( ! same op9ion t y 7 ( j n[--t x 0 inde$ an evil1 b t !re 7 _m worse4 ,:51 !n1 nature h]self1 & a c]ta9 g5]\s feel+ ( virtue1 at once prev5ts y f p]si/+ 9 ! ass]tion t pa9 is ! *ief evil1 & :5 y 7 driv5 f su* an op9ion :5 disgrace 0 contra/$ ) pa91 %all philosophy1 ! preceptress ( life1 cl+ to ?is idea = s _m ages8 ,:at duty ( life1 :at praise1 :at reputation1 w\ld be ( su* consequ5ce t a man %\ld be desir\s ( ga9+ x at ! exp5se ( submitt+ to bodily pa91 :5 he has p]suad$ himself t pa9 is ! greate/ evil8 ,on ! o!r side1 :at disgrace1 :at ignom9y1 w\ld he n submit to t he might avoid pa91 :5 p]suad$ t x 0 ! greate/ ( evils8 ,besides1 :at p]son1 if x be only true t pa9 is ! greate/ ( evils1 is n mis]able1 n only :5 he actually feels pa91 b also :5ev] he is aw>e t x may befall him4 ,& :o is !re :om pa9 may n befall8 ,s t x is cle> t !re is absolutely no "o :o c possibly be happy4 ,metrodorus1 inde$1 ?9ks t man p]fectly happy ^: body is free f all disord]s1 & :o has an assurance t x w always cont9ue s2 b :o is !re :o c be assur$ ( t8 ,,vii4 ,b ,epicurus1 inde$1 says su* ?+s t x %\ld seem t 8 design 0 only to make p laugh2 = he affirms some:]e t if a wise man 7 to be burn$ or put to ! torture--y expect1 p]haps1 t he is go+ to say he w\ld be> x1 he w\ld support himself "u x ) resolution1 he w\ld n yield to x 7& t by ,h]cules6 w\ld be v comm5dable1 & wor?y ( t v ,h]cules :om ,i h j invok$73 b ev5 ?is w n satisfy ,epicurus1 t robu/ & h>dy man6 ,no2 8 wise man1 ev5 if he 7 9 ,phal>is's bull1 w\ld say1 ,h[ sweet x is6 h[ little d ,i reg>d x6 ,:at1 sweet8 ,is x n suffici5t1 if x is n disagreeable8 ,b ^? v m5 :o d5y pa9 to be an evil are n 9 ! habit ( say+ t x is agreeable to any "o to be torm5t$2 !y r say t x is cruel1 or h>d to be>1 afflict+1 unnatural1 b /ill n an evil3 :ile ?is man :o says t x is ! only evil1 & ! v wor/ ( all evils1 yet ?9ks t a wise man w\ld pron\nce x sweet4 ,i d n require ( y to speak ( pa9 9 ! same words :i* ,epicurus uses--a man1 z y "k1 devot$ to pleasure3 he may make no diff]5ce1 if he pleases1 betwe5 ,phal>is's bull & 8 own b$2 b ,i _c all[ ! wise man to be s indiff]5t ab\t pa94 ,if he be>s x ) c\rage1 x is suffici5t3 t he %\ld rejoice 9 x1 ,i d n expect2 = pa9 is1 beyond all "q1 %>p1 bitt]1 aga9/ nature1 h>d to submit to & to be>4 ,obs]ve ,philoctetes3 ,we may all[ him to lam5t1 = he saw ,h]cules himself groan+ l\dly ?r\gh extremity ( pa9 on ,m\nt ,oeta4 ,! arr[s ) :i* ,h]cules pres5t$ him 7 !n no consolation to him1 :5 ,! vip]'s bite1 impregnat+ 8 ve9s ,) poison1 rack'd him ) its bitt] pa9s4 ,& !re=e he cries out1 desir+ help1 & wi%+ to die1 ,oh t "s fri5dly h& its aid w\ld l5d1 ,my body f ?is rock's va/ height to s5d ,into ! br9y deep6 ,i'm all on fire1 ,& by ?is fatal w\nd mu/ soon expire4 ,x is h>d to say t ! man :o 0 oblig$ to cry out 9 ?is mann] 0 n oppress$ ) evil1 & great evil too4 ,,viii4 ,b let u obs]ve ,h]cules himself1 :o 0 subdu$ by pa9 at ! v "t :5 he 0 on ! po9t ( atta9+ immortality by dea?4 ,:at words does ,sophocles "h put 9 8 m\?1 9 8 ,tra*9i8 :o1 :5 ,deianira _h put ^u him a tunic dy$ 9 ! c5taur's blood1 & x /uck to 8 entrails1 says1 ,:at tortures ,i endure no words c tell1 ,f> great] ^!1 ?an ^? :i* er/ befell ,f ! dire t]ror ( ?y consort1 ,jove-- ,e'en /]n ,eury/heus' dire comm& above2 ,?is ( ?y daught]1 ,o5eus1 is ! fruit1 ,beguil+ me ) h] env5om'd suit1 ,^: close embrace do? on my entrails prey1 ,consum+ life2 my lungs =bid to play2 ,! blood =sakes my ve9s2 my manly he>t ,=gets to beat2 en]vat$1 ea* "p ,neglects its (fice1 :ile my fatal doom ,proce$s ignobly f ! weav]'s loom4 ,! h& ( foe ne'er hurt me1 nor ! fi]ce ,giant issu+ f 8 p>5t e>?4 ,ne'er c\ld ! ,c5taur su* a bl[ en=ce1 ,no b>b>\s foe1 nor all ! ,grecian =ce2 ,?is arm no savage p c\ld )/&1 ,^: realms ,i trav]s$ to re=m ! l&4 ,?us1 ?\gh ,i ev] bore a manly he>t1 ,i fall a victim to a woman's art4 ,,ix4 ,assi/1 my son1 if ?\ t "n do/ he>1 ,my groans pref]r+ to ?y "m's te>3 ,convey h] "h1 if1 9 ?y pi\s he>t1 ,?y "m %>es n an unequal "p3 ,proce$1 be bold1 ?y fa!r's fate bemoan1 ,nations w jo91 y w n weep alone4 ,oh1 :at a sight is ?is same br9y s\rce1 ,unkn[n be=e1 ?r\gh all my labors' c\rse6 ,t virtue1 :i* c\ld brave ea* toil b late1 ,) woman's weakness n[ bewails its fate4 ,approa*1 my son2 behold ?y fa!r laid1 ,a )]'d c>cass t implores ?y aid2 ,let all behold3 & ?\1 imp]i\s ,jove1 ,on me direct ?y lightn+ f above3 ,n[ all its =ce ! poison do? assume1 ,& my burnt entrails ) its flame consume4 ,cre/fall51 unembrac$1 ,i n[ let fall ,li/less1 ^? h&s t lately conqu]'d all2 ,:5 ! ,neman lion own'd _! =ce1 ,& he indignant fell a brea?less corse2 ,! s]p5t slew1 ( ! ,l]nean lake1 ,z did ! ,hydra ( its =ce p>take3 ,by ?is1 too1 fell ! ,eryman?ian bo>3 ,e'en ,c]b]us did 8 weak /r5g? deplore4 ,?is s9ewy arm did ov]come ) ease ,t dragon1 gu>dian ( ! ,gold5 ,fleece4 ,my _m conque/s let "s o!rs trace2 ,x's m9e to say1 ,i nev] knew disgrace4#ca ,c we !n1 despise pa91 :5 we see ,h]cules himself giv+ v5t to 8 expressions ( agony ) su* impati5ce8 ,x4 ,let u see :at s*ylus says1 :o 0 n only a poet b a ,py?agorean philosoph] also1 = t is ! acc\nt :i* y h receiv$ ( him2 h[ do? he make ,prome!us be> ! pa9 he suff]$ = ! ,lemnian !ft1 :5 he cl&e/9ely /ole away ! cele/ial fire1 & be/[$ x on m51 & 0 sev]ely puni%$ by ,jupit] = ! !ft4 ,fa/5$ to ,m\nt ,caucasus1 he speaks ?us3 ,?\ heav'n-born race ( ,titans "h fa/ b\nd1 ,behold ?y bro!r6 ,z ! sailors s\nd ,) c>e ! bottom1 & _! %ips conf9e ,to "s safe %ore1 ) an*or & ) l9e2 ,s1 by ,jove's dread decree1 ! ,god ( fire ,conf9es me "h ! victim ( ,jove's ire4 ,) baneful art 8 dire ma*9e he %apes2 ,f su* a ,god :at mortal e'er escapes8 ,:5 ea* ?ird day %all triumph o'er ! night1 ,!n do? ! vulture1 ) 8 talons light1 ,seize on my entrails2 :i*1 9 rav'n\s guise1 ,he preys on6 !n ) w+ ext5d$ flies ,al(t1 & bru%es ) 8 plumes ! gore3 ,b :5 dire ,jove my liv] do? re/ore1 ,back he returns impetu\s to 8 prey1 ,clapp+ 8 w+s1 he cuts ?' e!real way4 ,?us d ,i n\ri% ) my blood ?is pe/1 ,conf9$ my arms1 unable to conte/2 ,entreat+ only t 9 pity ,jove ,w\ld take my life1 & ?is curs$ plague remove4 ,b endless ages pa/ unhe>d my moan1 ,soon] %all drops dissolve ?is v /one4#cb ,& !re=e x sc>cely seems possible to avoid call+ a man :o is suff]+1 mis]able2 & if he is mis]able1 !n pa9 is an evil4 ,,xi4 ,a4 ,hi!rto y are on my side2 ,i w see to t by-&-by2 &1 9 ! mean :ile1 :5ce are ^? v]ses8 ,i d n rememb] !m4 ,m4 ,i w in=m y1 = y are 9 ! "r to ask4 ,d y see t ,i h mu* leisure8 ,a4 ,:at1 !n8 ,m4 ,i imag9e1 :5 y 7 at ,a!ns1 y att5d$ frequ5tly at ! s*ools ( ! philosoph]s4 ,a4 ,yes1 & ) great pleasure4 ,m4 ,y obs]v$1 !n1 t ?\gh none ( !m at t "t 7 v eloqu5t1 yet !y us$ to mix v]ses ) _! h>angues4 ,a4 ,yes1 & p>ticul>ly ,dionysius ! ,/oic us$ to employ a great _m4 ,m4 ,y say "r2 b !y 7 quot$ )\t any appropriat5ess or elegance4 ,b our fri5d ,philo us$ to give a few select l9es & well adapt$2 & 9 imitation ( him1 ev] s9ce ,i took a fancy to ?is k9d ( eld]ly declamation1 ,i h be5 v fond ( quot+ our poets2 & :]e ,i _c be suppli$ f !m1 ,i translate f ! ,greek1 t ! ,lat9 language may n want any k9d ( ornam5t 9 ?is k9d ( disputation4 ,b1 d y n see h[ mu* h>m is done by poets8 ,!y introduce ! brave/ m5 lam5t+ ov] _! mis=tunes3 !y s(t5 our m9ds2 & !y are1 besides1 s ent]ta9+1 t we d n only read !m1 b get !m by he>t4 ,?us ! influ5ce ( ! poets is add$ to our want ( discipl9e at home1 & our t5d] & delicate mann] ( liv+1 s t betwe5 !m !y h depriv$ virtue ( all its vigor & en]gy4 ,plato1 !re=e1 0 "r 9 bani%+ !m f 8 commonweal?1 :]e he requir$ ! be/ morals1 & ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,b we1 :o h all our le>n+ f ,greece1 read & le>n ^! works ( !irs f our *ildhood2 & look on ?is z a lib]al & le>n$ education4 ,,xii4 ,b :y are we angry ) ! poets8 ,we may f9d "s philosoph]s1 ^? ma/]s ( virtue1 :o h taught t pa9 0 ! greate/ ( evils4 ,b y1 "y man1 :5 y said b j n[ t x appe>$ s to y1 ^u be+ ask$ by me :at appe>$ great] ?an infamy1 gave up t op9ion at a ^w4 ,suppose ,i ask ,epicurus ! same "q4 ,he w answ] t a trifl+ degree ( pa9 is a great] evil ?an ! greate/ infamy2 = t !re is no evil 9 infamy itself1 unless att5d$ ) pa94 ,:at pa91 !n1 att5ds ,epicurus1 :5 he says t v ?+1 t pa9 is ! greate/ evil6 ,& yet no?+ c be a great] disgrace to a philosoph] ?an to talk ?us4 ,!re=e1 y all[$ en\gh :5 y admitt$ t infamy appe>$ to y to be a great] evil ?an pa94 ,& if y abide by ?is admission1 y w see h[ f> pa9 %\ld be resi/$2 & t our inquiry %\ld be n s mu* :e!r pa9 be an evil1 z h[ ! m9d may be =tifi$ = resi/+ x4 ,! ,/oics inf] f "s petty quibbl+ argum5ts t x is no evil1 z if ! dispute 7 ab\t a ^w1 & n ab\t ! ?+ itself4 ,:y d y impose ^u me1 ,z5o8 ,= :5 y d5y :at appe>s v dreadful to me to be an evil1 ,i am deceiv$1 & am at a loss to "k :y t :i* appe>s to me to be a mo/ mis]able ?+ %\ld be no evil4 ,! answ] is1 t no?+ is an evil b :at is base & vici\s4 ,y return to y\r trifl+1 = y d n remove :at made me uneasy4 ,i "k t pa9 is n vice--y ne$ n in=m me ( t3 b %[ me t x makes no diff]5ce to me :e!r ,i am 9 pa9 or n4 ,x has nev] any?+ to d1 say y1 ) a happy life1 = t dep5ds ^u virtue alone2 b yet pa9 is to be avoid$4 ,if ,i ask1 :y8 ,x is disagreeable1 aga9/ nature1 h>d to be>1 w(ul & afflict+4 ,,xiii4 ,"h are _m words to express t by s _m diff]5t =ms :i* we call by ! s+le ^w evil4 ,y are def9+ pa91 in/ead ( remov+ x1 :5 y say1 x is disagreeable1 unnatural1 sc>cely possible to be endur$ or borne1 nor are y wrong 9 say+ s3 b ! man :o vaunts himself 9 su* a mann] %\ld n give way 9 8 conduct1 if x be true t no?+ is good b :at is hone/1 & no?+ evil b :at is disgraceful4 ,?is w\ld be wi%+1 n prov+4 ,?is argum5t is a bett] "o1 & has m tru? 9 x--t all ?+s :i* ,nature abhors are to be look$ ^u z evil2 t ^? :i* %e approves ( are to be consid]$ z good3 = :5 ?is is admitt$1 & ! dispute ab\t words remov$1 t :i* !y ) reason embrace1 & :i* we call hone/1 "r1 becom+1 & sometimes include "u ! g5]al "n ( virtue1 appe>s s f> sup]ior to ev]y?+ else t all o!r ?+s :i* are look$ ^u z ! gifts ( =tune1 or ! good ?+s ( ! body1 seem trifl+ & insignificant2 & no evil :atev]1 nor all ! collective body ( evils toge!r1 appe>s to be comp>$ to ! evil ( infamy4 ,:]e=e1 if1 z y grant$ 9 ! beg9n+1 infamy is worse ?an pa91 pa9 is c]ta9ly no?+2 = :ile x appe>s to y base & unmanly to groan1 cry out1 lam5t1 or fa9t "u pa92 :ile y *]i% notions ( probity1 dignity1 honor1 &1 keep+ y\r eye on !m1 refra9 y\rself1 pa9 w c]ta9ly yield to virtue1 &1 by ! influ5ce ( imag9ation1 w lose its :ole =ce4--,= y mu/ ei!r admit t !re is no su* ?+ z virtue1 or y mu/ despise e k9d ( pa94 ,w y all[ ( su* a virtue z prud5ce1 )\t :i* no virtue :atev] c ev5 be conceiv$8 ,:at1 !n8 ,w t suff] y to labor & take pa9s to no purpose8 ,w temp]ance p]mit y to d any?+ to excess8 ,w x be possible = ju/ice to be ma9ta9$ by "o :o ?r\gh ! =ce ( pa9 discov]s secrets1 or betrays 8 conf$]ates1 or des]ts _m duties ( life8 ,w y act 9 a mann] consi/5tly ) c\rage1 & its att5dants1 greatness ( s\l1 resolution1 pati5ce1 & contempt = all worldly ?+s8 ,c y he> y\rself call$ a great man :5 y lie grovell+1 deject$1 & deplor+ y\r condition ) a lam5table voice2 no "o w\ld call y ev5 a man :ile 9 su* a condition4 ,y mu/ !re=e ei!r ab&on all pret5sions to c\rage1 or else pa9 mu/ be put out ( ! "q4 ,,xiv4 ,y "k v well t1 ev5 ?\gh "p ( y\r ,cor9?ian furniture 7 gone1 ! rema9d] might be safe )\t t2 b if y lose "o virtue 7?\gh virtue 9 reality _c be lo/71 /ill if1 ,i say1 y %\ld ackn[l$ge t y 7 defici5t 9 "o1 y w\ld be /ripp$ ( all4 ,c y1 !n1 call y\rself a brave man1 ( a great s\l1 endu$ ) pati5ce & /ead9ess above ! fr[ns ( =tune8 or ,philoctetes8 = ,i *oose to in/ance him1 r ?an y\rself1 = he c]ta9ly 0 n a brave man1 :o lay 9 8 b$1 :i* 0 wat]$ ) 8 te>s1 ,^: groans1 bewail+s1 & ^: bitt] cries1 ,) grief incessant r5t ! v skies4 ,i d n d5y pa9 to be pa9--= 7 t ! case1 9 :at w\ld c\rage consi/8--b ,i say x %\ld be assuag$ by pati5ce1 if !re be su* a ?+ z pati5ce3 if !re be no su* ?+1 :y d we speak s 9 praise ( philosophy8 or :y d we glory 9 its "n8 ,does pa9 annoy u8 ,let x /+ u to ! he>t3 if y are )\t def5sive armor1 b>e y\r ?roat to x2 b if y are secur$ by ,vulcanian armor1 t is to say by resolution1 resi/ x4 ,%\ld y fail to d s1 t gu>dian ( y\r honor1 y\r c\rage1 w =sake & leave y4--,by ! laws ( ,lycurgus1 & by ^? :i* 7 giv5 to ! ,cretans by ,jupit]1 or :i* ,m9os e/abli%$ "u ! direction ( ,jupit]1 z ! poets say1 ! y\?s ( ! ,/ate are tra9$ by ! practice ( hunt+1 runn+1 endur+ hung] & ?ir/1 cold & heat4 ,! boys at ,sp>ta are sc\rg$ s at ! alt>s t blood foll[s ! la% 9 abundance2 nay1 sometimes1 z ,i us$ to he> :5 ,i 0 !re1 !y are :ipp$ ev5 to dea?2 & yet n "o ( !m 0 ev] he>d to cry out1 or s mu* z groan4 ,:at1 !n8 ,%all m5 n be able to be> :at boys d8 & %all cu/om h su* great =ce1 & reason none at all8 ,,xv4 ,!re is "s diff]5ce betwe5 labor & pa92 !y bord] ^u "o ano!r1 b /ill !re is a c]ta9 diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,labor is a c]ta9 ex]cise ( ! m9d or body1 9 "s employm5t or und]tak+ ( s]i\s tr\ble & importance2 b pa9 is a %>p motion 9 ! body1 disagreeable to our s5ses4--,bo? ^! feel+s1 ! ,greeks1 ^: language is m copi\s ?an ours1 express by ! common "n ( ,greek3 ,ponos3 !re=e !y call indu/ri\s m5 pa9/ak+1 or1 r1 fond ( labor2 we1 m conv5i5tly1 call !m labori\s2 = labor+ is "o ?+1 & endur+ pa9 ano!r4 ,y see1 ,o ,greece6 y\r b>r5ness ( words1 sometimes1 ?\gh y ?9k y are always s ri* 9 !m4 ,i say1 !n1 t !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 labor+ & be+ 9 pa94 ,:5 ,caius ,m>ius _h an op]ation p]=m$ = a swell+ 9 8 ?igh1 he felt pa92 :5 he head$ 8 troops 9 a v hot season1 he labor$4 ,yet ^! two feel+s be> "s resemblance to "o ano!r2 = ! accu/om+ ourselves to labor makes ! endurance ( pa9 m easy to u4 ,& x 0 because !y 7 influ5c$ by ?is reason t ! f\nd]s ( ! ,grecian =m ( gov]nm5t provid$ t ! bodies ( _! y\? %\ld be /r5g!n$ by labor1 :i* cu/om ! ,sp>tans transf]r$ ev5 to _! wom51 :o 9 o!r cities liv$ m delicately1 keep+ )9 ! walls ( _! h\ses2 b x 0 o!rwise ) ! ,sp>tans4 ,! ,sp>tan wom51 ) a manly air1 ,fatigues & dang]s ) _! husb&s %>e2 ,!y 9 fanta/ic sports h no delight1 ,p>tn]s ) !m 9 ex]cise & fight4 ,& 9 ^! labori\s ex]cises pa9 int]f]es sometimes4 ,!y are ?r[n d[n1 receive bl[s1 h bad falls1 & are bruis$1 & ! labor itself produces a sort ( call\sness to pa94 ,,xvi4 ,z to milit>y s]vice 7,i speak ( our own1 n ( t ( ! ,sp>tans1 = !y us$ to m>* sl[ly to ! s\nd ( ! flute1 & sc>ce a ^w ( comm& 0 giv5 )\t an anap/71 y may see1 9 ! fir/ place1 :5ce ! v "n ( an army 7ex]citus#cc7 is d]iv$2 &1 secondly1 h[ great ! labor is ( an army on its m>*3 !n consid] t !y c>ry m ?an a =tnight's provision1 & :atev] else !y may want2 t !y c>ry ! burd5 ( ! /akes1#cd = z to %ield1 sword1 or helmet1 !y look on !m z no m encumbrance ?an _! own limbs1 = !y say t arms are ! limbs ( a soldi]1 & ^?1 inde$1 !y c>ry s commodi\sly t1 :5 !re is occasion1 !y ?r[ d[n _! burd5s1 & use _! arms z readily z _! limbs4 ,:y ne$ ,i m5tion ! ex]cises ( ! legions8 ,& h[ great ! labor is :i* is und]gone 9 ! runn+1 enc\nt]s1 %\ts6 ,h5ce x is t _! m9ds are work$ up to make s light ( w\nds 9 action4 ,take a soldi] ( equal brav]y1 b undiscipl9$1 & he w seem a woman4 ,:y is x t !re is ?is s5sible diff]5ce betwe5 a raw recruit & a vet]an soldi]8 ,! age ( ! "y soldi]s is = ! mo/ "p 9 _! favor2 b x is practice only t enables m5 to be> labor & despise w\nds4 ,moreov]1 we (t5 see1 :5 ! w\nd$ are c>ri$ (f ! field1 ! raw1 untri$ soldi]1 ?\gh b slightly w\nd$1 cries out mo/ %amefully2 b ! m brave1 exp]i5c$ vet]an only inquires = "s "o to dress 8 w\nds1 & says1 ,patroclus1 to ?y aid ,i mu/ appeal ,ere worse ensue1 my ble$+ w\nds to heal2 ,! sons ( sculapius are employ'd1 ,no room = me1 s _m are annoy'd4 ,,xvii4 ,?is is c]ta9ly ,eurypylus himself4 ,:at an exp]i5c$ man6--,:ile 8 fri5d is cont9ually enl>g+ on 8 mis=tunes1 y may obs]ve t he is s f> f weep+ t he ev5 assigns a reason :y he %\ld be> 8 w\nds ) pati5ce4 ,:o at 8 enemy a /roke directs1 ,8 sword to light ^u himself expects4 ,patroclus1 ,i suppose1 w lead him (f to 8 *amb] to b9d up 8 w\nds1 at lea/ if he be a man3 b n a ^w ( t2 he only inquires h[ ! battle w5t3 ,say h[ ! ,argives be> !mselves 9 fight8 ,& yet no words c %[ ! tru? z well z ^?1 y\r de$s & visible suff]+s4 ,peace6 & my w\nds b9d up2 b ?\gh ,eurypylus c\ld be> ^! afflictions1 sopus c\ld n1 ,:]e ,hector's =tune press'd our yield+ troops2 & he expla9s ! re/1 ?\gh 9 pa94 ,s unb\nd$ is milit>y glory 9 a brave man6 ,%all1 !n1 a vet]an soldi] be able to behave 9 ?is mann]1 & %all a wise & le>n$ man n be able8 ,surely ! latt] might be able to be> pa9 bett]1 & 9 no small degree ei!r4 ,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 ,i am conf9+ myself to :at is eng5d]$ by practice & discipl9e4 ,i am n yet come to speak ( reason & philosophy4 ,y may (t5 he> ( old wom5 liv+ )\t victuals = ?ree or f\r days2 b take away a wre/l]'s provisions b = "o day1 & he w implore ! aid ( ,jupit] ,olympius1 ! v ,god = :om he ex]cises himself3 he w cry out t he _c endure x4 ,great is ! =ce ( cu/om6 ,sportsm5 w cont9ue :ole nights 9 ! sn[2 !y w be> be+ almo/ froz5 ^u ! m\nta9s4 ,f practice box]s w n s mu* z utt] a groan1 h[ev] bruis$ by ! ce/us4 ,b :at d y ?9k ( ^? to :om a victory 9 ! ,olympic games seem$ almo/ on a p> ) ! anci5t consul%ips ( ! ,roman p8 ,:at w\nds w ! gladiators be>1 :o are ei!r b>b>ians1 or ! v dregs ( mank9d6 ,h[ d !y1 :o are tra9$ to x1 pref] be+ w\nd$ to basely avoid+ x6 ,h[ (t5 d !y prove t !y consid] no?+ b ! giv+ satisfaction to _! ma/]s or to ! p6 = :5 cov]$ ) w\nds1 !y s5d to _! ma/]s to le>n _! pleasure3 if x is _! w1 !y are ready to lie d[n & die4 ,:at gladiator1 ( ev5 mod]ate reputation1 ev] gave a sigh8 :o ev] turn$ pale8 :o ev] disgrac$ himself ei!r 9 ! actual combat1 or ev5 :5 ab\t to die8 :o t _h be5 defeat$ ev] drew 9 8 neck to avoid ! /roke ( dea?8 ,s great is ! =ce ( practice1 delib]ation1 & cu/om6 ,%all ?is1 !n1 be done by ,a ,samnite rascal1 wor?y ( 8 trade2 & %all a man born to glory h s s(t a "p 9 8 s\l z n to be able to =tify x by reason & reflection8 ,! sight ( ! gladiators' combats is by "s look$ on z cruel & inhuman1 & ,i d n "k1 z x is at pres5t manag$1 b x may be s2 b :5 ! guilty f\ght1 we might receive by our e>s p]haps 7b c]ta9ly by our eyes we c\ld n7 bett] tra9+ to h>d5 u aga9/ pa9 & dea?4 ,,xviii4 ,i h n[ said en\gh ab\t ! effects ( ex]cise1 cu/om1 & c>eful m$itation4 ,proce$ we n[ to consid] ! =ce ( reason1 unless y h some?+ to reply to :at has be5 said4 ,a4 ,t ,i %\ld int]rupt y6 ,by no means2 = y\r disc\rse has br\ght me ov] to y\r op9ion4 ,let ! ,/oics1 !n1 ?9k x _! bus9ess to det]m9e :e!r pa9 be an evil or n1 :ile !y endeavor to %[ by "s /ra9$ & trifl+ conclusions1 :i* are no?+ to ! purpose1 t pa9 is no evil4 ,my op9ion is1 t :atev] x is1 x is n s great z x appe>s2 & ,i say1 t m5 are influ5c$ to a great ext5t by "s false repres5tations & appe>ance ( x1 & t all :i* is really felt is capable ( be+ endur$4 ,:]e %all ,i beg91 !n8 ,%all ,i sup]ficially g ov] :at ,i said be=e1 t my disc\rse may h a great] scope8 ,?is1 !n1 is agre$ ^u by all1 & n only by le>n$ m51 b also by ! unle>n$1 t x becomes ! brave & magnanim\s--^? t h pati5ce & a _s above ?is _w--n to give way to pa94 ,nor has !re ev] be5 any "o :o did n comm5d a man :o bore x 9 ?is mann]4 ,t1 !n1 :i* is expect$ f a brave man1 & is comm5d$ :5 x is se51 x mu/ surely be base 9 any "o to be afraid ( at its approa*1 or n to be> :5 x comes4 ,b ,i w\ld h y consid] :e!r1 z all ! "r affections ( ! s\l are class$ "u ! "n ( virtues1 ! tru? is t ?is is n prop]ly ! "n ( !m all1 b t !y all h _! "n f t lead+ virtue :i* is sup]ior to all ! re/3 = ! "n virtue comes f vir1 a man1 & c\rage is ! peculi> di/9ction ( a man3 & ?is virtue has two pr9cipal duties1 to despise dea? & pa94 ,we mu/1 !n1 ex]t ^!1 if we w\ld be m5 ( virtue1 or1 r1 if we w\ld be m51 because virtue 7virtus7 takes its v "n f vir1 man4 ,,xix4 ,y may inquire1 p]haps1 h[8 ,& su* an inquiry is n amiss1 = philosophy is ready ) h] assi/ance4 ,epicurus (f]s himself to y1 a man f> f a bad--or1 ,i %\ld r say1 a v good man3 he advises no m ?an he kn[s4 ,despise pa91 says he4 ,:o is x sai? ?is8 ,is x ! same man :o calls pa9 ! greate/ ( all evils8 ,x is n1 inde$1 v consi/5t 9 him4 ,let u he> :at he says3 ,if ! pa9 is excessive1 x mu/ ne$s be %ort4 ,i mu/ h t ov] aga91 = ,i d n appreh5d :at y mean exactly by excessive or %ort4 ,t is excessive ?an :i* no?+ c be great]2 t is %ort ?an :i* no?+ is %ort]4 ,i d n reg>d ! greatness ( any pa9 f :i*1 by reason ( ! %ortness ( its cont9uance1 ,i %all be deliv]$ almo/ be=e x rea*es me4 ,b if ! pa9 be z great z t ( ,philoctetes1 x w appe> great inde$ to me1 b yet n ! greate/ t ,i am capable ( be>+2 = ! pa9 is conf9$ to my foot4 ,b my eye may pa9 me1 ,i may h a pa9 9 ! head1 or sides1 or lungs1 or 9 e "p ( me4 ,x is f>1 !n1 f be+ excessive4 ,!re=e1 says he1 pa9 ( a long cont9uance has m pleasure 9 x ?an uneas9ess4 ,n[1 ,i _c br+ myself to say s great a man talks nons5se2 b ,i imag9e he is laugh+ at u4 ,my op9ion is t ! greate/ pa9 7,i say ! greate/1 ?\gh x may be t5 atoms less ?an ano!r7 is n !re=e %ort1 because acute4 ,i c\ld "n to y a great _m good m5 :o h be5 torm5t$ _m ye>s ) ! acute/ pa9s ( ! g\t4 ,b ?is cauti\s man do? n det]m9e ! measure ( t greatness or ( duration1 s z to enable u to "k :at he calls excessive ) reg>d to pa91 or %ort ) respect to its cont9uance4 ,let u pass him by1 !n1 z "o :o says j no?+ at all2 & let u =ce him to ackn[l$ge1 not)/&+ he might behave himself some:at boldly "u 8 colic & 8 /rangury1 t no rem$y aga9/ pa9 c be _h f him :o looks on pa9 z ! greate/ ( all evils4 ,we mu/ apply1 !n1 = relief else:]e1 & n[h]e bett] 7if we seek = :at is mo/ consi/5t ) itself7 ?an to ^? :o place ! *ief good 9 hone/y1 & ! greate/ evil 9 infamy4 ,y d>e n s mu* z groan1 or discov] ! lea/ uneas9ess 9 _! company1 = virtue itself speaks to y ?r\gh !m4 ,,xx4 ,w y1 :5 y may obs]ve *ildr5 at ,lac$mon1 & "y m5 at ,olympia1 & b>b>ians 9 ! amphi!atre1 receive ! sev]e/ w\nds1 & be> !m )\t once op5+ _! m\?s--w y1 ,i say1 if any pa9 %\ld by *ance attack y1 cry out l a woman8 ,w y n r be> x ) resolution & con/ancy8 & n cry1 ,x is intol]able2 nature _c be> x6 ,i he> :at y say3 ,boys be> ?is because !y are l$ !reto by glory2 "s be> x ?r\gh %ame1 _m ?r\gh fe>1 & yet are we afraid t nature _c be> :at is borne by _m1 & 9 su* diff]5t circum/ances8 ,nature n only be>s x1 b *all5ges x1 = !re is no?+ ) h] pref]able1 no?+ :i* %e desires m ?an cr$it1 & reputation1 & praise1 & honor1 & glory4 ,i *oose "h to describe ?is "o ?+ "u _m names1 & ,i h us$ _m t y may h ! cle>] idea ( x2 = :at ,i mean to say is1 t :atev] is desirable ( itself1 proce$+ f virtue1 or plac$ 9 virtue1 & comm5dable on its own acc\nt 7:i* ,i w\ld r agree to call ! only good ?an d5y x to be ! *ief good7 is :at m5 %\ld pref] above all ?+s4 ,& z we decl>e ?is to be ! case ) respect to hone/y1 s we speak 9 ! contr>y mann] ( infamy2 no?+ is s odi\s1 s dete/able1 no?+ s unwor?y ( a man4 ,& if y are ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( ?is 7=1 at ! beg9n+ ( ?is disc\rse1 y all[$ t !re appe>$ to y m evil 9 infamy ?an 9 pa971 x foll[s t y ought to h ! comm& ov] y\rself1 ?\gh ,i sc>cely "k h[ ?is expression may seem an accurate "o1 :i* appe>s to repres5t man z made up ( two natures1 s t "o %\ld be 9 comm& & ! o!r be subject to x4 ,,xxi4 ,yet ?is division does n proce$ f ignorance2 = ! s\l admits ( a tw(old division1 "o ( :i* p>takes ( reason1 ! o!r is )\t x4 ,:51 !re=e1 we are ord]$ to give a law to ourselves1 ! mean+ is1 t reason %\ld re/ra9 our ra%ness4 ,!re is 9 ! s\l ( e man some?+ naturally s(t1 l[1 en]vat$ 9 a mann]1 & languid4 ,7 !re no?+ besides ?is1 m5 w\ld be ! greate/ ( mon/]s2 b !re is pres5t to e man reason1 :i* presides ov] & gives laws to all2 :i*1 by improv+ itself1 & mak+ cont9ual advances1 becomes p]fect virtue4 ,x behooves a man1 !n1 to take c>e t reason %all h ! comm& ov] t "p :i* is b\nd to practise ob$i5ce4 ,9 :at mann]8 y w say4 ,:y1 z a ma/] has ov] 8 slave1 a g5]al ov] 8 army1 a fa!r ov] 8 son4 ,if t "p ( ! s\l :i* ,i h call$ s(t behaves disgracefully1 if x gives itself up to lam5tations & womani% te>s1 !n let x be re/ra9$1 & committ$ to ! c>e ( fri5ds & relations1 = we (t5 see ^? p]sons br\ght to ord] by %ame :om no reasons c influ5ce4 ,!re=e1 we %\ld conf9e ^? feel+s1 l our s]vants1 9 safe cu/ody1 & almo/ ) *a9s4 ,b ^? :o h m resolution1 & yet are n utt]ly immovable1 we %\ld enc\rage ) our exhortations1 z we w\ld good soldi]s1 to recollect !mselves1 & ma9ta9 _! honor4 ,t wise/ man ( all ,greece1 9 ! ,niptr1 does n lam5t too mu* ov] 8 w\nds1 or1 r1 he is mod]ate 9 8 grief3 ,move sl[1 my fri5ds2 y\r ha/y spe$ refra91 ,le/ by y\r motion y increase my pa94 ,pacuvius is bett] 9 ?is ?an ,sophocles1 = 9 ! "o ,ulysses bemoans 8 w\nds too vehem5tly2 = ! v p :o c>ri$ him aft] he 0 w\nd$1 ?\gh 8 grief 0 mod]ate1 yet1 consid]+ ! dignity ( ! man1 did n scruple to say1 ,& ?\1 ,ulysses1 long to w> inur$1 ,?y w\nds1 ?\gh great1 too feebly ha/ endur$4 ,! wise poet und]/ood t cu/om 0 no contemptible in/ructor h[ to be> pa94 ,b ! same h]o compla9s ) m dec5cy1 ?\gh 9 great pa93 ,assi/1 support me1 nev] leave me s2 ,unb9d my w\nds1 oh6 execrable woe6 ,he beg9s to give way1 b in/antly *ecks himself3 ,away6 begone6 b cov] fir/ ! sore2 ,= y\r rude h&s b make my pa9s ! m4 ,d y obs]ve h[ he con/ra9s himself8 n t 8 bodily pa9s 7 less1 b because he *ecks ! angui% ( 8 m9d4 ,!re=e1 9 ! conclusion ( ! ,niptr1 he blames o!rs1 ev5 :5 he himself is dy+3 ,compla9ts ( =tune may become ! man1 ,none b a woman w ?us weep+ /&4 ,& s t s(t place 9 8 s\l obeys 8 reason1 j z an aba%$ soldi] does 8 /]n comm&]4 ,,xxii4 ,! man1 !n1 9 :om absolute wisdom exi/s 7su* a man1 inde$1 we h nev] z yet se51 b ! philosoph]s h describ$ 9 _! writ+s :at sort ( man he w be1 if he %\ld exi/72 su* a man1 or at lea/ t p]fect & absolute reason :i* exi/s 9 him1 w h ! same au?ority ov] ! inf]ior "p z a good p>5t has ov] 8 dutiful *ildr53 he w br+ x to obey 8 nod )\t any tr\ble or difficulty4 ,he w r\se himself1 prep>e & arm himself1 to oppose pa9 z he w\ld an enemy4 ,if y inquire :at arms he w provide himself )1 !y w be cont5tion1 enc\ragem5t1 disc\rse ) himself4 ,he w say ?us to himself3 ,take c>e t y are guilty ( no?+ base1 languid1 or unmanly4 ,he w turn ov] 9 8 m9d all ! diff]5t k9ds ( honor4 ,z5o ( ,elea w occur to him1 :o suff]$ ev]y?+ r ?an betray 8 conf$]ates 9 ! design ( putt+ an end to ! tyranny4 ,he w reflect on ,anax>*us1 ! pupil ( ,democritus1 :o1 hav+ fall5 into ! h&s ( ,nicocreon1 ,k+ ( ,cyprus1 )\t ! lea/ entreaty = m]cy or refusal1 submitt$ to e k9d ( torture4 ,calanus ! ,indian w occur to him1 an ignorant man & a b>b>ian1 born at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,caucasus1 :o committ$ himself to ! flames by 8 own free1 volunt>y act4 ,b we1 if we h ! too?a*e1 or a pa9 9 ! foot1 or if ! body be anyways affect$1 _c be> x4 ,= our s5tim5ts ( pa9 z well z pleasure are s trifl+ & effem9ate1 we are s en]vat$ & relax$ by luxuries1 t we _c be> ! /+ ( a bee )\t cry+ out4 ,b ,caius ,m>ius1 a pla9 c\ntryman1 b ( a manly s\l1 :5 he _h an op]ation p]=m$ on him1 z ,i m5tion$ above1 at fir/ refus$ to be ti$ d[n2 & he is ! fir/ in/ance ( any "o's hav+ _h an op]ation p]=m$ on him )\t be+ ti$ d[n4 ,:y1 !n1 did o!rs be> x aft]w>d8 ,:y1 f ! =ce ( example4 ,y see1 !n1 t pa9 exi/s m 9 op9ion ?an 9 nature2 & yet ! same ,m>ius gave a pro( t !re is some?+ v %>p 9 pa9 = he w\ld n submit to h ! o!r ?igh cut4 ,s t he bore 8 pa9 ) resolution z a man2 b1 l a reasonable p]son1 he 0 n will+ to und]go any great] pa9 )\t "s necess>y reason4 ,! :ole1 !n1 consi/s 9 ?is--t y %\ld h comm& ov] y\rself4 ,i h already told y :at k9d ( comm& ?is is2 & by consid]+ :at is mo/ consi/5t ) pati5ce1 =titude1 & greatness ( s\l1 a man n only re/ra9s himself1 b1 someh[ or o!r1 mitigates ev5 pa9 itself4 ,,xxiii4 ,ev5 z 9 a battle ! da/>dly & timor\s soldi] ?r[s away 8 %ield on ! fir/ appe>ance ( an enemy1 & runs z fa/ z he c1 & on t acc\nt loses 8 life sometimes1 ?\gh he has nev] receiv$ ev5 "o w\nd1 :5 he :o /&s 8 gr\nd has no?+ ( ! sort happ5 to him1 s !y :o _c be> ! appe>ance ( pa9 ?r[ !mselves away1 & give !mselves up to affliction & dismay4 ,b !y t oppose x1 (t5 come (f m ?an a mat* = x4 ,= ! body has a c]ta9 resemblance to ! s\l3 z burd5s are m easily borne ! m ! body is ex]t$1 :ile !y cru% u if we give way1 s ! s\l by ex]t+ itself resi/s ! :ole weight t w\ld oppress x2 b if x yields1 x is s press$ t x _c support itself4 ,& if we consid] ?+s truly1 ! s\l %\ld ex]t itself 9 e pursuit1 = t is ! only security = its do+ its duty4 ,b ?is %\ld be pr9cipally reg>d$ 9 pa91 t we mu/ n d any?+ timidly1 or da/>dly1 or basely1 or slavi%ly1 or effem9ately1 &1 above all ?+s1 we mu/ dismiss & avoid t ,philoctetean sort ( outcry4 ,a man is all[$ sometimes to groan1 b yet seldom2 b x is n p]missible ev5 9 a woman to h[l2 = su* a noise z ?is is =bidd51 by ! twelve tables1 to be us$ ev5 at fun]als4 ,nor does a wise or brave man ev] groan1 unless :5 he ex]ts himself to give 8 resolution great] =ce1 z !y :o run 9 ! /adium make z mu* noise z !y c4 ,! wre/l]s1 too1 d ! same :5 !y are tra9+2 & ! box]s1 :5 !y aim a bl[ ) ! ce/us at _! adv]s>y1 give a groan1 n because !y are 9 pa91 or f a s9k+ ( _! spirits1 b because _! :ole body is put ^u ! /ret* by ! ?r[+-out ( ^! groans1 & ! bl[ comes ! /rong]4 ,,xxiv4 ,:at6 !y :o w\ld speak l\d] ?an ord9>y are !y satisfi$ ) work+ _! jaws1 sides1 or tongue or /ret*+ ! common organs ( spee* & utt]ance8 ,! :ole body & e muscle is at full /ret* if ,i may be all[$ ! expression2 e n]ve is ex]t$ to assi/ _! voice4 ,i h actually se5 ! knees ( ,m>cus ,antonius t\* ! gr\nd :5 he 0 speak+ ) vehem5ce = himself1 ) relation to ! ,v>ian law4 ,=1 z ! eng9es y ?r[ /ones or d>ts ) ?r[ !m out ) ! great] =ce ! m !y are /ra9$ & drawn back2 s x is 9 speak+1 runn+1 or box+--! m p /ra9 !mselves1 ! great] _! =ce4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ?is ex]tion has s mu* influ5ce--if 9 a mom5t ( pa9 groans help to /r5g!n ! m9d1 let u use !m2 b if !y be groans ( lam5tation1 if !y be ! expression ( weakness or abjectness1 or unmanly weep+1 !n ,i %\ld sc>cely call him a man :o yield$ to !m4 ,= ev5 suppos+ t su* groan+ c\ld give any ease1 x /ill %\ld be consid]$ :e!r x 7 consi/5t ) a brave & resolute man4 ,b if x does n ease our pa91 :y %\ld we debase ourselves to no purpose8 ,= :at is m unbecom+ 9 a man ?an to cry l a woman8 ,b ?is precept :i* is laid d[n ) respect to pa9 is n conf9$ to x4 ,we %\ld apply ?is ex]tion ( ! s\l to ev]y?+ else4 ,is ang] inflam$8 is lu/ excit$8 we mu/ h rec\rse to ! same citadel1 & apply to ! same arms4 ,b s9ce x is pa9 :i* we are at pres5t discuss+1 we w let ! o!r subjects alone4 ,to be> pa91 !n1 s$ately & calmly1 x is ( great use to consid] ) all our s\l1 z ! say+ is1 h[ noble x is to d s1 = we are naturally desir\s 7z ,i said be=e1 b x _c be too (t5 repeat$7 & v mu* incl9$ to :at is honorable1 ( :i*1 if we discov] b ! lea/ glimpse1 !re is no?+ :i* we are n prep>$ to und]go & suff] to atta9 x4 ,f ?is impulse ( our m9ds1 ?is desire = g5u9e glory & honorable conduct1 x is t su* dang]s are support$ 9 w>1 & t brave m5 are n s5sible ( _! w\nds 9 action1 or1 if !y are s5sible ( !m1 pref] dea? to ! dep>t+ b ! lea/ /ep f _! honor4 ,! ,decii saw ! %9+ swords ( _! enemies :5 !y 7 ru%+ into ! battle4 ,b ! honorable "* & ! glory ( ! dea? :i* !y 7 seek+ made all fe> ( dea? ( little weight4 ,d y imag9e t ,epam9ondas groan$ :5 he p]ceiv$ t 8 life 0 fl[+ out ) 8 blood8 ,no2 = he left 8 c\ntry triumph+ ov] ! ,lac$monians1 :]eas he _h f\nd x 9 subjection to !m4 ,^! are ! com=ts1 ^! are ! ?+s t assuage ! greate/ pa94 ,,xxv4 ,y may ask1 ,h[ ! case is 9 peace8 ,:at is to be done at home8 ,h[ we are to behave 9 b$8 ,y br+ me back to ! philosoph]s1 :o seldom g to w>4 ,among ^!1 ,dionysius ( ,h]aclea1 a man c]ta9ly ( no resolution1 hav+ le>n$ =titude ( ,z5o1 quitt$ x on be+ 9 pa92 =1 be+ torm5t$ ) a pa9 9 8 kidneys1 9 bewail+ himself he cri$ out t ^? ?+s 7 false :i* he _h =m]ly conceiv$ ( pa94 ,& :5 8 fell[-disciple1 ,clean!s1 ask$ him :y he _h *ang$ 8 op9ion1 he answ]$1 ,t ! case ( any man :o _h appli$ s mu* "t to philosophy1 & yet 0 unable to be> pa91 might be a suffici5t pro( t pa9 is an evil2 t he himself _h sp5t _m ye>s at philosophy1 & yet c\ld n be> pa93 x foll[$1 !re=e1 t pa9 0 an evil4 ,x is report$ t ,clean!s on t /ruck 8 foot on ! gr\nd1 & repeat$ a v]se out ( ! ,epigon3 ,amphi>aus1 he>'/ ?\ ?is bel[8 ,he meant ,z5o3 he 0 sorry ! o!r _h deg5]at$ f him4 ,b x 0 n s ) our fri5d ,posidonius1 :om ,i h (t5 se5 myself2 & ,i w tell y :at ,pompey us$ to say ( him3 t :5 he came to ,rhodes1 aft] 8 dep>ture f ,syria1 he _h a great desire to he> ,posidonius1 b 0 in=m$ t he 0 v ill ( a sev]e fit ( ! g\t2 yet he _h great incl9ation to pay a visit to s fam\s a philosoph]4 ,accord+ly1 :5 he _h se5 him1 & paid 8 complim5ts1 & _h spok5 ) great respect ( him1 he said he 0 v sorry t he c\ld n he> him lecture4 ,b inde$ y may1 repli$ ! o!r1 nor w ,i suff] any bodily pa9 to occasion s great a man to visit me 9 va94 ,on ?is ,pompey relates t1 z he lay on 8 b$1 he disput$ ) great dignity & flu5cy on ?is v subject3 t no?+ 0 good b :at 0 hone/2 & t 9 8 p>oxysms he w\ld (t5 say1 ,pa91 x is to no purpose2 not)/&+ y are tr\blesome1 ,i w nev] ackn[l$ge y an evil4 ,& 9 g5]al all celebrat$ & notori\s afflictions become endurable by disreg>d+ !m4 ,,xxvi4 ,d we n obs]ve t :]e ^? ex]cises call$ gymna/ic are 9 e/eem1 ^? :o ent] ! li/s nev] conc]n !mselves ab\t dang]s8 t :]e ! praise ( rid+ & hunt+ is highly e/eem$1 !y :o practice ^! arts decl9e no pa98 ,:at %all ,i say ( our own ambiti\s pursuits or desire ( honors8 ,:at fire h n c&idates run ?r\gh to ga9 a s+le vote8 ,!re=e ,africanus _h always 9 8 h&s ,x5ophon1 ! pupil ( ,socrates1 be+ p>ticul>ly pleas$ ) 8 say+1 t ! same labors 7 n equally heavy to ! g5]al & to ! common man1 because ! honor itself made ! labor light] to ! g5]al4 ,b yet1 s x happ5s1 t ev5 ) ! illit]ate vulg> an idea ( honor is ( great influ5ce1 ?\gh !y _c und]/& :at x is4 ,!y are l$ by report & common op9ion to look on t z honorable :i* has ! g5]al voice4 ,n t ,i w\ld h y1 %\ld ! multitude be ev] s fond ( y1 rely on _! judgm5t1 nor approve ( ev]y?+ :i* !y ?9k "r3 y mu/ use y\r own judgm5t4 ,if y are satisfi$ ) y\rself :5 y h approv$ ( :at is "r1 y w n only h ! ma/]y ov] y\rself 7:i* ,i recomm5d$ to y j n[71 b ov] ev]ybody1 & ev]y?+4 ,lay ?is d[n1 !n1 z a rule1 t a great capacity1 & l(ty elevation ( s\l1 :i* di/+ui%es itself mo/ by despis+ & look+ d[n ) contempt on pa91 is ! mo/ excell5t ( all ?+s1 & ! m s if x does n dep5d on ! p & does n aim at applause1 b d]ives its satisfaction f itself4 ,besides1 to me1 inde$1 ev]y?+ seems ! m comm5dable ! less ! p are c\rt$1 & ! few] eyes !re are to see x4 ,n t y %\ld avoid ! public1 = e g5]\s action loves ! public view2 yet no !atre = virtue is equal to a consci\sness ( x4 ,,xxvii4 ,& let ?is be pr9cipally consid]$3 t ?is be>+ ( pa91 :i* ,i h (t5 said is to be /r5g!n$ by an ex]tion ( ! s\l1 %\ld be ! same 9 ev]y?+4 ,= y meet ) _m :o1 ?r\gh a desire ( victory1 or = glory1 or to ma9ta9 _! rights1 or _! lib]ty1 h boldly receiv$ w\nds1 & borne !mselves up "u !m2 & yet ^? v same p]sons1 by relax+ t int5s5ess ( _! m9ds1 7 unequal to be>+ ! pa9 ( a disease2 = !y did n support !mselves "u _! =m] suff]+s by reason or philosophy1 b by incl9ation & glory4 ,!re=e "s b>b>ians & savage p are able to fight v /\tly ) ! sword1 b _c be> sickness l m52 b ! ,grecians1 m5 ( no great c\rage1 b z wise z human nature w admit (1 _c look an enemy 9 ! face1 yet ! same w be> to be visit$ ) sickness tol]ably1 & ) a suffici5tly manly _s2 & ! ,cimbrians & ,celtib]ians are v al]t 9 battle1 b bemoan !mselves 9 sickness4 ,= no?+ c be consi/5t :i* has n reason = its f\ndation4 ,b :5 y see ^? :o are l$ by incl9ation or op9ion1 n ret>d$ by pa9 9 _! pursuits1 nor h9d]$ by x f succe$+ 9 !m1 y may conclude1 ei!r t pa9 is no evil1 or t1 not)/&+ y may *oose to call an evil :atev] is disagreeable & contr>y to nature1 yet x is s v trifl+ an evil t x may s effectually be got ! bett] ( by virtue z q to disappe>4 ,& ,i w\ld h y ?9k ( ?is night & day2 = ?is argum5t w spread itself1 & take up m room "s "t or o!r1 & n be conf9$ to pa9 alone2 = if ! motives to all our actions are to avoid disgrace & acquire honor1 we may n only despise ! /+s ( pa91 b ! /orms ( =tune1 especially if we h rec\rse to t retreat :i* 0 po9t$ out 9 our ye/]day's discussion2 =1 z if "s ,god _h advis$ a man :o 0 pursu$ by pirates to ?r[ himself ov]bo>d1 say+1 ,!re is some?+ at h& to receive y2 ei!r a dolph9 w take y up1 z x did ,arion ( ,me?ymna2 or ^? horses s5t by ,neptune to ,pelops 7:o are said to h c>ri$ *>iots s rapidly z to be borne up by ! waves7 w receive y1 & convey y :]ev] y please4 ,ca/ away all fe>4 ,s1 ?\gh y\r pa9s be ev] s %>p & disagreeable1 if ! case is n su* t x is wor? y\r :ile to endure !m1 y see :i!r y may betake y\rself4 ,i ?9k ?is w d = ! pres5t4 ,b p]haps y /ill abide by y\r op9ion4 ,a4 ,n 9 ! lea/1 inde$2 & ,i hope ,i am fre$ by ^! two days' disc\rses f ! fe> ( two ?+s t ,i greatly dread$4 ,m4 ,to-morr[1 !n1 = rhetoric1 z we 7 say+4 ,b ,i see we mu/ n drop our philosophy4 ,a4 ,no1 inde$2 we w h ! "o 9 ! =5oon1 & ?is at ! usual "t4 ,m4 ,x %all be s1 & ,i w comply ) y\r v laudable incl9ations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,,iii4 ,,on ,,grief ,,( ,,m9d4 ,i4 ,:at reason %all ,i assign1 ,o ,brutus1 :y1 z we consi/ ( m9d & body1 ! art ( cur+ & pres]v+ ! body %\ld be s mu* s\ght aft]1 & ! inv5tion ( x1 z be+ s useful1 %\ld be ascrib$ to ! immortal ,gods2 b ! m$ic9e ( ! m9d %\ld n h be5 s mu* ! object ( inquiry :ile x 0 unkn[n1 nor s mu* att5d$ to & cultivat$ aft] its discov]y1 nor s well receiv$ or approv$ ( by "s1 & acc\nt$ actually disagreeable1 & look$ ^u ) an envi\s eye by _m8 ,is x because we1 by means ( ! m9d1 judge ( ! pa9s & disord]s ( ! body1 b d n1 by means ( ! body1 arrive at any p]ception ( ! disord]s ( ! m9d8 ,h5ce x comes t ! m9d only judges ( itself :5 t v faculty by :i* x is judg$ is 9 a bad /ate4 ,_h nature giv5 u faculties = disc]n+ & view+ h]self1 & c\ld we g ?r\gh life by keep+ our eye on h]--our be/ guide--!re w\ld be no reason c]ta9ly :y any "o %\ld be 9 want ( philosophy or le>n+2 b1 z x is1 %e has furni%$ u only ) "s feeble rays ( light1 :i* we imm$iately ext+ui% s completely by evil habits & errone\s op9ions t ! light ( nature is n[h]e visible4 ,! se$s ( virtues are natural to our con/itutions1 &1 7 !y suff]$ to come to maturity1 w\ld naturally conduct u to a happy life2 b n[1 z soon z we are born & receiv$ into ! _w1 we are in/antly famili>iz$ ) all k9ds ( depravity & p]v]sity ( op9ions2 s t we may be said almo/ to suck 9 error ) our nurse's milk4 ,:5 we return to our p>5ts1 & are put into ! h&s ( tutors & gov]nors1 we are imbu$ ) s _m errors t tru? gives place to falsehood1 & nature h]self to e/abli%$ op9ion4 ,,ii4 ,to ^! we may add ! poets2 :o1 on acc\nt ( ! appe>ance !y exhibit ( le>n+ & wisdom1 are he>d1 read1 & got by he>t1 & make a deep impression on our m9ds4 ,b :5 to ^! are add$ ! p1 :o are1 z x 71 "o great body ( in/ructors1 & ! multitude1 :o decl>e unanim\sly = :at is wrong1 !n are we altoge!r ov]:elm$ ) bad op9ions1 & revolt entirely f nature2 s t !y seem to deprive u ( our be/ guide :o h decid$ t !re is no?+ bett] = man1 no?+ m wor?y ( be+ desir$ by him1 no?+ m excell5t1 ?an honors & comm&s1 & a high reputation ) ! p2 :i* inde$ e excell5t man aims at2 b :ile he pursues t only true honor :i* nature has 9 view above all o!r objects1 he f9ds himself busi$ 9 arrant trifles1 & 9 pursuit ( no conspicu\s =m ( virtue1 b only "s %ad[y repres5tation ( glory4 ,= glory is a real & express sub/ance1 n a m]e %ad[4 ,x consi/s 9 ! unit$ praise ( good m51 ! free voice ( ^? :o =m a true judgm5t ( pre-em95t virtue2 x is1 z x 71 ! v e*o ( virtue2 & be+ g5]ally ! att5dant on laudable actions1 %\ld n be slight$ by good m54 ,b popul> fame1 :i* w\ld pret5d to imitate x1 is ha/y & inconsid]ate1 & g5]ally comm5ds wick$ & immoral actions1 & ?r[s discr$it ^u ! appe>ance & beauty ( hone/y by assum+ a resemblance ( x4 ,& x is ow+ to _! n be+ able to discov] ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m t "s m5 ignorant ( real excell5ce1 & 9 :at x consi/s1 h be5 ! de/ruction ( _! c\ntry & ( !mselves4 ,& ?us ! be/ m5 h err$1 n s mu* 9 _! int5tions z by a mi/ak5 conduct4 ,:at8 is no cure to be attempt$ to be appli$ to ^? :o are c>ri$ away by ! love ( money1 or ! lu/ ( pleasures1 by :i* !y are r5d]$ little %ort ( madm51 :i* is ! case ( all weak p8 or is x because ! disord]s ( ! m9d are less dang]\s ?an ^? ( ! body8 or because ! body w admit ( a cure1 :ile !re is no m$ic9e :atev] = ! m9d8 ,,iii4 ,b !re are m disord]s ( ! m9d ?an ( ! body1 & !y are ( a m dang]\s nature2 = ^! v disord]s are ! m (f5sive because !y belong to ! m9d & di/urb x2 & ! m9d1 :5 disord]$1 is1 z ,ennius says1 9 a con/ant error3 x c nei!r be> nor endure any?+1 & is "u ! p]petual influ5ce ( desires4 ,n[1 :at disord]s c be worse to ! body ?an ^! two di/emp]s ( ! m9d 7= ,i ov]look o!rs71 weakness & desire8 ,b h[1 inde$1 c x be ma9ta9$ t ! m9d _c prescribe = itself1 :5 %e x is :o has inv5t$ ! m$ic9es = ! body1 :51 ) reg>d to bodily cures1 con/itution & nature h a great %>e1 nor d all :o suff] !mselves to be cur$ f9d t effect in/antly2 b ^? m9ds :i* are dispos$ to be cur$1 & submit to ! precepts ( ! wise1 may und\bt$ly recov] a heal?y /ate8 ,philosophy is c]ta9ly ! m$ic9e ( ! s\l1 ^: assi/ance we d n seek f abroad1 z 9 bodily disord]s1 b we ourselves are b\nd to ex]t our utmo/ en]gy & p[] 9 ord] to effect our cure4 ,b z to philosophy 9 g5]al1 ,i h1 ,i ?9k1 9 my ,hort5sius1 suffici5tly spok5 ( ! cr$it & att5tion :i* x des]ves3 s9ce t1 inde$1 ,i h be5 cont9ually ei!r disput+ or writ+ on its mo/ mat]ial bran*es2 & ,i h laid d[n 9 ^! books all ! discussions :i* took place betwe5 myself & my p>ticul> fri5ds at my ,tusculan villa4 ,b z ,i h spok5 9 ! two =m] ( pa9 & dea?1 ?is book %all be devot$ to ! acc\nt ( ! ?ird day ( our disputations4 ,we came d[n into ! ,academy :5 ! day 0 already decl9+ t[>ds aft]noon1 & ,i ask$ "o ( ^? :o 7 pres5t to propose a subject = u to disc\rse on2 & !n ! bus9ess 0 c>ri$ on 9 ?is mann]3 ,,iv4 ,a4 ,my op9ion is1 t a wise man is subject to grief4 ,m4 ,:at1 & to ! o!r p]turbations ( m9d1 z fe>s1 lu/s1 ang]8 ,= ^! are pretty mu* l :at ! ,greeks call ,greek3 pa?4 ,i might call !m diseases1 & t w\ld be a lit]al translation1 b x is n agreeable to our way ( speak+4 ,= envy1 delight1 & pleasure are all call$ by ! ,greeks diseases1 be+ affections ( ! m9d n 9 subord9ation to reason2 b we1 ,i ?9k1 are "r 9 call+ ! same motions ( a di/urb$ s\l p]turbations1 & 9 v seldom us+ ! t]m diseases2 ?\gh1 p]haps1 x appe>s o!rwise to y4 ,a4 ,i am ( y\r op9ion4 ,m4 ,& d y ?9k a wise man subject to ^!8 ,a4 ,entirely1 ,i ?9k4 ,m4 ,!n t boa/$ wisdom is b ( small acc\nt1 if x diff]s s little f madness8 ,a4 ,:at8 does e commotion ( ! m9d seem to y to be madness8 ,m4 ,n to me only2 b ,i appreh5d1 ?\gh ,i h (t5 be5 surpris$ at x1 t x appe>$ s to our ance/ors _m ages be=e ,socrates2 f :om is d]iv$ all t philosophy :i* relates to life & morals4 ,a4 ,h[ s8 ,m4 ,because ! "n madness#ce implies a sickness ( ! m9d & disease2 t is to say1 an uns\ndness & an unheal?9ess ( m9d1 :i* !y call madness4 ,b ! philosoph]s call all p]turbations ( ! s\l diseases1 & _! op9ion is t no fool is ev] free f ^!2 b all t are diseas$ are uns\nd2 & ! m9ds ( all fools are diseas$2 !re=e all fools are mad4 ,= !y held t s\ndness ( ! m9d dep5ds on a c]ta9 tranquillity & /ead9ess2 & a m9d :i* 0 de/itute ( ^! qualities !y call$ insane1 because s\ndness 0 inconsi/5t ) a p]turb$ m9d j z mu* z ) a disord]$ body4 ,v4 ,nor 7 !y less +5i\s 9 call+ ! /ate ( ! s\l devoid ( ! light ( ! m9d1 a be+ out ( "o's m9d1 a be+ beside "o's self4 ,f :5ce we may und]/& t !y :o gave ^! names to ?+s 7 ( ! same op9ion ) ,socrates1 t all silly p 7 uns\nd1 :i* ! ,/oics h c>efully pres]v$ z be+ d]iv$ f him2 = :atev] m9d is di/emp]$ 7&1 z ,i j n[ said1 ! philosoph]s call all p]turb$ motions ( ! m9d di/emp]s7 is no m s\nd ?an a body is :5 9 a fit ( sickness4 ,h5ce x is t wisdom is ! s\ndness ( ! m9d1 folly a sort ( uns\ndness1 :i* is insanity1 or a be+ out ( "o's m9d3 & ^! are mu* bett] express$ by ! ,lat9 words ?an ! ,greek1 :i* y w f9d ! case also 9 _m o!r topics4 ,b we w discuss t po9t else:]e3 let u n[ att5d to our pres5t subject4 ,! v mean+ ( ! ^w describes ! :ole ?+ ab\t :i* we are inquir+1 bo? z to its sub/ance & "*4 ,= we mu/ necess>ily und]/& by s\nd ^? ^: m9ds are "u no p]turbation f any motion z if x 7 a disease4 ,!y :o are diff]5tly affect$ we mu/ necess>ily call uns\nd4 ,s t no?+ is bett] ?an :at is usual 9 ,lat91 to say t !y :o are run away ) by _! lu/ or ang] h quitt$ ! comm& ov] !mselves2 ?\gh ang] includes lu/1 = ang] is def9$ to be ! lu/ ( rev5ge4 ,!y1 !n1 :o are said n to be ma/]s ( !mselves1 are said to be s because !y are n "u ! gov]nm5t ( reason1 to :i* is assign$ by nature ! p[] ov] ! :ole s\l4 ,:y ! ,greeks %\ld call ?is mania1 ,i d n easily appreh5d2 b we def9e x mu* bett] ?an !y1 = we di/+ui% ?is madness 7insania71 :i*1 be+ alli$ to folly1 is m ext5sive1 f :at we call furor1 or rav+4 ,! ,greeks1 inde$1 w\ld d s too1 b !y h no "o ^w t w express x3 :at we call furor1 !y call ,greek3 melan*olia1 z if ! reason 7 affect$ only by a black bile1 & n di/urb$ z (t5 by a viol5t rage1 or fe>1 or grief4 ,?us we say ,a?amas1 ,alcmon1 ,ajax1 & ,ore/es 7 rav+ 7fur]e72 because a p]son affect$ 9 ?is mann] 0 n all[$ by ! ,twelve ,tables to h ! managem5t ( 8 own affairs2 !re=e ! words are n1 if he is mad 7insanus71 b if he beg9s to be rav+ 7furiosus74 ,= !y look$ ^u madness to be an unsettl$ humor t proce$$ f n be+ ( s\nd m9d2 yet su* a p]son might p]=m 8 ord9>y duties1 & dis*>ge ! usual & cu/om>y requirem5ts ( life3 b !y consid]$ "o t 0 rav+ z afflict$ ) a total bl9dness ( ! m9d1 :i*1 not)/&+ x is all[$ to be great] ?an madness1 is nev]!less ( su* a nature t a wise man may be subject to rav+ 7furor71 b _c possibly be afflict$ by insanity 7insania74 ,b ?is is ano!r "q3 let u n[ return to our orig9al subject4 ,,vi4 ,i ?9k y said t x 0 y\r op9ion t a wise man 0 liable to grief4 ,a4 ,& s1 inde$1 ,i ?9k4 ,m4 ,x is natural en\gh to ?9k s1 = we are n ! (fspr+ ( fl9ts2 b we h by nature some?+ s(t & t5d] 9 our s\ls1 :i* may be put into a viol5t motion by grief1 z by a /orm2 nor did t ,crantor1 :o 0 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 t our ,academy has ev] produc$1 say ?is amiss3 ,i am by no means ( _! op9ion :o talk s mu* 9 praise ( ,i "k n :at ins5sibility1 :i* nei!r c exi/1 nor ought to exi/4 ,i w\ld *oose1 says he1 nev] to be ill2 b %\ld ,i be s1 /ill ,i %\ld *oose to reta9 my s5sation1 :e!r !re 0 to be an amputation or any o!r sep>ation ( any?+ f my body4 ,= t ins5sibility _c be b at ! exp5se ( "s unnatural f]ocity ( m9d1 or /upor ( body4 ,b let u consid] :e!r to talk 9 ?is mann] be n all[+ t we are weak1 & yield+ to our s(tness4 ,not)/&+1 let u be h>dy en\gh1 n only to lop (f e arm ( our mis]ies1 b ev5 to pluck up e fibre ( _! roots4 ,yet /ill some?+1 p]haps1 may be left beh9d1 s deep does folly /rike its roots3 b :atev] may be left x w be no m ?an is necess>y4 ,b let u be p]suad$ ( ?is1 t unless ! m9d be 9 a s\nd /ate1 :i* philosophy alone c effect1 !re c be no end ( our mis]ies4 ,:]e=e1 z we began1 let u submit ourselves to x = a cure2 we %all be cur$ if we *oose to be4 ,i %all advance some?+ fur!r4 ,i %all n treat ( grief alone1 ?\gh t inde$ is ! pr9cipal ?+2 b1 z ,i orig9ally propos$1 ( e p]turbation ( ! m9d1 z ,i t]m$ x2 disord]1 z ! ,greeks call x3 & fir/1 ) y\r leave1 ,i %all treat x 9 ! mann] ( ! ,/oics1 ^: me?od is to r$uce _! argum5ts into a v small space2 aft]w>d ,i %all enl>ge m 9 my own way4 ,,vii4 ,a man ( c\rage is also full ( fai?4 ,i d n use ! ^w confid5t1 because1 ow+ to an errone\s cu/om ( speak+1 t ^w has come to be us$ 9 a bad s5se1 ?\gh x is d]iv$ f confid+1 :i* is comm5dable4 ,b he :o is full ( fai? is c]ta9ly "u no fe>2 = !re is an inconsi/5cy betwe5 fai? & fe>4 ,n[1 :oev] is subject to grief is subject to fe>2 = :atev] ?+s we grieve at :5 pres5t we dread :5 hang+ ov] u & approa*+4 ,?us x comes ab\t t grief is inconsi/5t ) c\rage3 x is v probable1 !re=e1 t :oev] is subject to grief is also liable to fe>1 & to a brok5 k9d ( spirits & s9k+4 ,n[1 :5ev] ^! befall a man1 he is 9 a s]vile /ate1 & mu/ own t he is ov]p[]$2 = :oev] admits ^! feel+s1 mu/ admit timidity & c[>dice4 ,b ^! _c ent] into ! m9d ( a man ( c\rage2 nei!r1 !re=e1 c grief3 b ! man ( c\rage is ! only wise man2 !re=e grief _c befall ! wise man4 ,x is1 besides1 necess>y t :oev] is brave %\ld be a man ( great s\l2 t :oev] is a man ( a great s\l %\ld be inv9cible2 :oev] is inv9cible looks d[n ) contempt on all ?+s "h1 & consid]s !m1 b5ea? him4 ,b no "o c despise ^? ?+s on acc\nt ( :i* he may be affect$ ) grief2 f :5ce x foll[s t a wise man is nev] affect$ ) grief3 = all wise m5 are brave2 !re=e a wise man is n subject to grief4 ,& z ! eye1 :5 disord]$1 is n 9 a good condition = p]=m+ its (fice prop]ly2 & z ! o!r p>ts1 & ! :ole body itself1 :5 unsettl$1 _c p]=m _! (fice & bus9ess2 s ! m9d1 :5 disord]$1 is b ill-fitt$ to p]=m its duty4 ,! (fice ( ! m9d is to use its reason well2 b ! m9d ( a wise man is always 9 condition to make ! be/ use ( 8 reason1 & !re=e is nev] out ( ord]4 ,b grief is a disord] ( ! m9d2 !re=e a wise man w be always free f x4 ,,viii4 ,& f ^! consid]ations we may get at a v probable def9ition ( ! temp]ate man1 :om ! ,greeks call ,greek3 sphrn3 & !y call t virtue ,greek3 sphrosynn1 :i* ,i at "o "t call temp]ance1 at ano!r "t mod]ation1 & sometimes ev5 mode/y2 b ,i d n "k :e!r t virtue may n be prop]ly call$ frugality1 :i* has a m conf9$ mean+ ) ! ,greeks2 = !y call frugal m5 ,greek3 *rsim\s1 :i* implies only t !y are useful2 b our "n has a m ext5sive mean+3 = all ab/95ce1 all innoc5cy 7:i* ! ,greeks h no ord9>y "n =1 ?\gh !y might use ! ^w ,greek3 ablabeia1 = innoc5cy is t disposition ( m9d :i* w\ld (f5d no "o7 & sev]al o!r virtues are compreh5d$ "u frugality2 b if ?is quality 7 ( less importance1 & conf9$ 9 z small a compass z "s imag9e1 ! surname ( ,piso#cf w\ld n h be5 9 s great e/eem4 ,b z we all[ him n ! "n ( a frugal man 7frugi71 :o ei!r quits 8 po/ ?r\gh fe>1 :i* is c[>dice2 or :o res]ves to 8 own use :at 0 privately committ$ to 8 keep+1 :i* is inju/ice2 or :o fails 9 8 milit>y und]tak+s ?r\gh ra%ness1 :i* is folly--= t reason ! ^w frugality takes 9 ^! ?ree virtues ( =titude1 ju/ice1 & prud5ce1 ?\gh x is inde$ common to all virtues1 = !y are all connect$ & knit toge!r4 ,let u all[1 !n1 frugality itself to be ano!r & f\r? virtue2 = its peculi> prop]ty seems to be1 to gov]n & appease all t5d5cies to too eag] a desire aft] any?+1 to re/ra9 lu/1 & to pres]ve a dec5t /ead9ess 9 ev]y?+4 ,! vice 9 contra/ to ?is is call$ prodigality 7nequitia74 ,frugality1 ,i imag9e1 is d]iv$ f ! ^w fruge1 ! be/ ?+ :i* ! e>? produces2 nequitia is d]iv$ 7?\gh ?is is p]haps r m /ra9$2 /ill1 let u try x2 we %all only be ?\ght to h be5 trifl+ if !re is no?+ 9 :at we say7 f ! fact ( ev]y?+ be+ to no purpose 7nequicquam7 9 su* a man2 f :i* circum/ance he is call$ also ,nihil1 no?+4 ,:oev] is frugal1 !n1 or1 if x is m agreeable to y1 :oev] is mod]ate & temp]ate1 su* a "o mu/ ( c\rse be consi/5t2 :oev] is consi/5t1 mu/ be quiet2 ! quiet man mu/ be free f all p]turbation1 !re=e f grief likewise3 & ^! are ! prop]ties ( a wise man2 !re=e a wise man mu/ be free f grief4 ,,ix4 ,s t ,dionysius ( ,h]aclea is "r :51 ^u ?is compla9t ( ,a*illes 9 ,hom]1 ,well ha/ ?\ spoke1 b at ! tyrant's "n ,my rage rek9dles1 & my s\l's 9 flame3 ',tis j res5tm5t1 & becomes ! brave1 ,disgrac$1 di%onor'd l ! vile/ slave#cg-- he reasons ?us3 ,is ! h& z x %\ld be1 :5 x is affect$ ) a swell+8 or is x possible = any o!r memb] ( ! body1 :5 swoll5 or enl>g$1 to be 9 any o!r ?an a disord]$ /ate8 ,mu/ n ! m9d1 !n1 :5 x is puff$ up1 or di/5d$1 be out ( ord]8 ,b ! m9d ( a wise man is always free f e k9d ( disord]3 x nev] swells1 nev] is puff$ up2 b ! m9d :5 9 ang] is 9 a diff]5t /ate4 ,a wise man1 !re=e1 is nev] angry2 = :5 he is angry1 he lu/s aft] some?+2 = :oev] is angry naturally has a long+ desire to give all ! pa9 he c to ! p]son :o he ?9ks has injur$ him2 & :oev] has ?is e>ne/ desire mu/ necess>ily be mu* pleas$ ) ! accompli%m5t ( 8 wi%es2 h5ce he is delight$ ) 8 neighbor's mis]y2 & z a wise man is n capable ( su* feel+s z ^!1 he is !re=e n capable ( ang]4 ,b %\ld a wise man be subject to grief1 he may likewise be subject to ang]2 = z he is free f ang]1 he mu/ likewise be free f grief4 ,aga91 c\ld a wise man be subject to grief1 he might also be liable to pity1 or ev5 might be op5 to a disposition t[>ds envy 7invid5tia72 ,i d n say to envy 7invidia71 = t c only exi/ by ! v act ( envy+3 b we may fairly =m ! ^w invid5tia f invid5do1 & s avoid ! d\btful "n invidia2 = ?is ^w is probably d]iv$ f 9 & video1 look+ too closely into ano!r's =tune2 z x is said 9 ! ,melanippus1 ,:o envies me ! fl[] ( my *ildr58 :]e ! ,lat9 is invidit florem4 ,x may appe> n good ,lat91 b x is v well put by ,accius2 = z video gov]ns an accusative case1 s x is m correct to say invideo florem ?an flori4 ,we are deb>r$ f say+ s by common usage4 ,! poet /ood 9 8 own "r1 & express$ himself ) m fre$om4 ,x4 ,!re=e compassion & envy are consi/5t 9 ! same man2 = :oev] is uneasy at any "o's adv]sity is also uneasy at ano!r's prosp]ity3 z ,!ophra/us1 :ile he lam5ts ! dea? ( 8 companion ,calli/h5es1 is at ! same "t di/urb$ at ! success ( ,alex&]2 & !re=e he says t ,calli/h5es met ) man ( ! greate/ p[] & good =tune1 b "o :o did n "k h[ to make use ( 8 good =tune4 ,& z pity is an uneas9ess :i* arises f ! mis=tunes ( ano!r1 s envy is an uneas9ess t proce$s f ! good success ( ano!r3 !re=e :oev] is capable ( pity is capable ( envy4 ,b a wise man is incapable ( envy1 & consequ5tly incapable ( pity4 ,b 7 a wise man us$ to grieve1 to pity also w\ld be famili> to him2 !re=e to grieve is a feel+ :i* _c affect a wise man4 ,n[1 ?\gh ^! reason+s ( ! ,/oics1 & _! conclusions1 are r /ra9$ & di/ort$1 & ought to be express$ 9 a less /r+5t & n>r[ mann]1 yet great /ress is to be laid on ! op9ions ( ^? m5 :o h a peculi>ly bold & manly turn ( ?\ght & s5tim5t4 ,= our fri5ds ! ,p]ipatetics1 not)/&+ all _! erudition1 gravity1 & flu5cy ( language1 d n satisfy me ab\t ! mod]ation ( ^! disord]s & diseases ( ! s\l :i* !y insi/ ^u2 = e evil1 ?\gh mod]ate1 is 9 its nature great4 ,b our object is to make out t ! wise man is free f all evil2 = z ! body is uns\nd if x is ev] s slightly affect$1 s ! m9d "u any mod]ate disord] loses its s\ndness2 !re=e ! ,romans h1 ) _! usual accuracy ( expression1 call$ tr\ble1 & angui%1 & vexation1 on acc\nt ( ! analogy betwe5 a tr\bl$ m9d & a diseas$ body1 disord]s4 ,! ,greeks call all p]turbation ( m9d by pretty ne>ly ! same "n2 = !y "n e turbid motion ( ! s\l ,greek3 pa?os1 t is to say1 a di/emp]4 ,b we h giv5 !m a m prop] "n2 = a disord] ( ! m9d is v l a disease ( ! body4 ,b lu/ does n resemble sickness2 nei!r does immod]ate joy1 :i* is an elat$ & exult+ pleasure ( ! m9d4 ,fe>1 too1 is n v l a di/emp]1 ?\gh x is ak9 to grief ( m9d1 b prop]ly1 z is also ! case ) sickness ( ! body1 s too sickness ( m9d has no "n sep>at$ f pa94 ,& !re=e ,i mu/ expla9 ! orig9 ( ?is pa91 t is to say1 ! cause t occasions ?is grief 9 ! m9d1 z if x 7 a sickness ( ! body4 ,= z physicians ?9k !y h f\nd out ! cure :5 !y h discov]$ ! cause ( ! di/emp]1 s we %all discov] ! me?od ( cur+ melan*oly :5 ! cause ( x is f\nd out4 ,,xi4 ,! :ole cause1 !n1 is 9 op9ion2 & ?is obs]vation applies n to ?is grief alone1 b to e o!r disord] ( ! m9d1 :i* are ( f\r sorts1 b consi/+ ( _m p>ts4 ,= z e disord] or p]turbation is a motion ( ! m9d1 ei!r devoid ( reason1 or 9 despite ( reason1 or 9 disob$i5ce to reason1 & z t motion is excit$ by an op9ion ( ei!r good or evil2 ^! f\r p]turbations are divid$ equally into two p>ts3 = two ( !m proce$ f an op9ion ( good1 "o ( :i* is an exult+ pleasure1 t is to say1 a joy elat$ beyond measure1 aris+ f an op9ion ( "s pres5t great good2 ! o!r is a desire :i* may fairly be call$ ev5 a lu/1 & is an immod]ate incl9ation aft] "s conceiv$ great good )\t any ob$i5ce to reason4 ,!re=e ^! two k9ds1 ! exult+ pleasure & ! lu/1 h _! rise f an op9ion ( good1 z ! o!r two1 fe> & grief1 h f an op9ion ( evil4 ,= fe> is an op9ion ( "s great evil imp5d+ ov] u1 & grief is an op9ion ( "s great evil pres5t2 &1 inde$1 x is a fre%ly conceiv$ op9ion ( an evil s great t to grieve at x seems "r3 x is ( t k9d t he :o is uneasy at x ?9ks he has good reason to be s4 ,n[ we %\ld ex]t1 our utmo/ ef=ts to oppose ^! p]turbations--:i* are1 z x 71 s _m furies let loose ^u u & urg$ on by folly--if we are desir\s to pass ?is %>e ( life t is allott$ to u ) ease & satisfaction4 ,b ( ! o!r feel+s ,i %all speak else:]e3 our bus9ess at pres5t is to drive away grief if we c1 = t %all be ! object ( our pres5t discussion1 s9ce y h said t x 0 y\r op9ion t a wise man might be subject to grief1 :i* ,i c by no means all[ (2 = x is a frightful1 mis]able1 & dete/able ?+1 :i* we %\ld fly f ) our utmo/ ef=ts--) all our sails & o>s1 z ,i may say4 ,,xii4 ,t desc5dant ( ,tantalus1 h[ does he appe> to y--he :o sprung f ,pelops1 :o =m]ly /ole ,hippodamia f h] fa!r-9-law1 ,k+ ,o5omaus1 & m>ri$ h] by =ce8--he :o 0 desc5d$ f ,jupit] himself1 h[ brok5-he>t$ & dispirit$ does he n seem6 ,/& (f1 my fri5ds1 nor come )9 my %ade1 ,t no pollutions y\r s\nd he>ts p]vade1 ,s f\l a /a9 my body do? p>take4 ,w y condemn y\rself1 ,?ye/es1 & deprive y\rself ( life1 on acc\nt ( ! greatness ( ano!r's crime8 ,:at d y ?9k ( t son ( ,phoebus8 ,d y n look ^u him z unwor?y ( 8 own fa!r's light8 ,holl[ 8 eyes1 8 body worn away1 ,8 furr['d *eeks 8 frequ5t te>s betray2 ,8 be>d neglect$1 & 8 ho>y hairs ,r\gh & uncomb'd1 bespeak 8 bitt] c>es4 ,o fooli% etes6 ^! are evils :i* y y\rself h be5 ! cause (1 & are n occasion$ by any accid5ts ) :i* *ance has visit$ y2 & y behav$ z y did1 ev5 aft] y _h be5 inur$ to y\r di/ress1 & aft] ! fir/ swell+ ( ! m9d _h subsid$6--:]eas grief consi/s 7z ,i %all %[7 9 ! notion ( "s rec5t evil--b y\r grief1 x is v pla91 proce$$ f ! loss ( y\r k+dom1 n ( y\r daught]1 = y hat$ h]1 & p]haps ) reason1 b y c\ld n calmly be> to "p ) y\r k+dom4 ,b surely x is an impud5t grief :i* preys ^u a man = n be+ able to comm& ^? t are free4 ,dionysius1 x is true1 ! tyrant ( ,syracuse1 :5 driv5 f 8 c\ntry1 taught a s*ool at ,cor9?2 s incapable 0 he ( liv+ )\t "s au?ority4 ,b :at c\ld be m impud5t ?an ,t>qu91 :o made w> ^u ^? :o c\ld n be> 8 tyranny2 &1 :5 he c\ld n recov] 8 k+dom by ! aid ( ! =ces ( ! ,vei5tians & ! ,lat9s1 is said to h betak5 himself to ,cuma1 & to h di$ 9 t city ( old age & grief6 ,,xiii4 ,d y1 !n1 ?9k t x c befall a wise man to be oppress$ ) grief1 t is to say1 ) mis]y8 =1 z all p]turbation is mis]y1 grief is ! rack itself4 ,lu/ is att5d$ ) heat1 exult+ joy ) levity1 fe> ) meanness1 b grief ) some?+ great] ?an ^!2 x consumes1 torm5ts1 afflicts1 & disgraces a man2 x te>s him1 preys ^u 8 m9d1 & utt]ly de/roys him3 if we d n s dive/ ourselves ( x z to ?r[ x completely (f1 we _c be free f mis]y4 ,& x is cle> t !re mu/ be grief :]e any?+ has ! appe>ance ( a pres5t sore & oppress+ evil4 ,epicurus is ( op9ion t grief arises naturally f ! imag9ation ( any evil2 s t :osoev] is eye-witness ( any great mis=tune1 if he conceives t ! l may possibly befall himself1 becomes sad in/antly f su* an idea4 ,! ,cyr5aics ?9k t grief is n eng5d]$ by e k9d ( evil1 b only by unexpect$1 un=ese5 evil2 & t circum/ance is1 inde$1 ( no small effect on ! height5+ ( grief2 = :atsoev] comes ( a sudd5 appe>s m =midable4 ,h5ce ^! l9es are des]v$ly comm5d$3 ,i knew my son1 :5 fir/ he drew 8 brea?1 ,de/9$ by fate to an untimely dea?2 ,& :5 ,i s5t him to def5d ! ,greeks1 ,w> 0 8 bus9ess1 n y\r sportive freaks4 ,,xiv4 ,!re=e1 ?is rum9at+ be=eh& ^u future evils :i* y see at a di/ance makes _! approa* m tol]able2 & on ?is acc\nt :at ,euripides makes ,!seus say is mu* comm5d$4 ,y w give me leave to translate !m1 z is usual ) me3 ,i treasur$ up :at "s le>n'd sage did tell1 ,& on my future mis]y did dwell2 ,i ?\ght ( bitt] dea?1 ( be+ drove ,f> f my home by exile1 & ,i /rove ,) e evil to possess my m9d1 ,t1 :5 !y came1 ,i ! less c>e might f9d4#ch ,b ,euripides says t ( himself1 :i* ,!seus said he _h he>d f "s le>n$ man1 = ! poet _h be5 a pupil ( ,anaxagoras1 :o1 z !y relate1 on he>+ ( ! dea? ( 8 son1 said1 ,i knew t my son 0 mortal2 :i* spee* seems to intimate t su* ?+s afflict ^? m5 :o h n ?\ght on !m be=e4 ,!re=e1 !re is no d\bt b t all ^? ?+s :i* are consid]$ evils are ! heavi] f n be+ =ese54 ,?\gh1 not)/&+ ?is is n ! only circum/ance :i* occasions ! greate/ grief1 /ill1 z ! m9d1 by =esee+ & prep>+ = x1 has great p[] to make all grief ! less1 a man %\ld at all times consid] all ! ev5ts t may befall him 9 ?is life2 & c]ta9ly ! excell5ce & div9e nature ( wisdom consi/s 9 tak+ a ne> view (1 & ga9+ a ?or\gh acqua9tance )1 all human affairs1 9 n be+ surpris$ :5 any?+ happ5s1 & 9 ?9k+1 be=e ! ev5t1 t !re is no?+ b :at may come to pass4 ,:]e=e ev'ry man1 ,:5 8 affairs g on mo/ swimm+ly1 ,e'en !n x mo/ behooves to arm himself ,aga9/ ! com+ /orm3 loss1 dang]1 exile1 ,return+ ev]1 let him look to meet2 ,8 son 9 fault1 wife dead1 or daught] sick2 ,all common accid5ts1 & may h happ5'd ,t no?+ %all seem new or /range4 ,b if ,aught has fall'n out beyond 8 hopes1 all t ,let him acc\nt cle> ga94#ci ,,xv4 ,!re=e1 z ,t]5ce has s well express$ :at he borr[$ f philosophy1 %all n we1 f ^: f\nta9s he drew x1 say ! same ?+ 9 a bett] mann]1 & abide by x ) m /ead9ess8 ,h5ce came t /eady c\nt5ance1 :i*1 accord+ to ,xantippe1 h] husb& ,socrates always _h2 s t %e said t %e nev] obs]v$ any diff]5ce 9 8 looks :5 he w5t out & :5 he came home4 ,yet ! look ( t old ,roman1 ,m4 ,crassus1 :o1 z ,lucilius says1 nev] smil$ b once 9 8 lifetime1 0 n ( ?is k9d1 b placid & s]5e1 = s we are told4 ,he1 inde$1 might well h _h ! same look at all times :o nev] *ang$ 8 m9d1 f :i* ! c\nt5ance d]ives its expression4 ,s t ,i am ready to borr[ ( ! ,cyr5aics ^? arms aga9/ ! accid5ts & ev5ts ( life by means ( :i*1 by long prem$itation1 !y break ! =ce ( all approa*+ evils2 & at ! same "t ,i ?9k t ^? v evils !mselves arise m f op9ion ?an nature1 = if !y 7 real1 no =eca/ c\ld make !m light]4 ,b ,i %all speak m p>ticul>ly on ^! matt]s aft] ,i h fir/ consid]$ ,epicurus's op9ion1 :o ?9ks t all p mu/ necess>ily be uneasy :o believe !mselves to be 9 any evils1 let !m be ei!r =ese5 & expect$1 or habitual to !m2 = ) him evils are n ! less by reason ( _! cont9uance1 nor ! light] = hav+ be5 =ese52 & x is folly to rum9ate on evils to come1 or su* z1 p]haps1 nev] may come3 e evil is disagreeable en\gh :5 x does come2 b he :o is con/antly consid]+ t "s evil may befall him is load+ himself ) a p]petual evil2 & ev5 %\ld su* evil nev] light on him1 he volunt>ily takes ^u himself unnecess>y mis]y1 s t he is "u con/ant uneas9ess1 :e!r he actually suff]s any evil1 or only ?9ks ( x4 ,b he makes ! alleviation ( grief dep5d on two ?+s--a ceas+ to ?9k on evil1 & a turn+ to ! contemplation ( pleasure4 ,= he ?9ks t ! m9d may possibly be "u ! p[] ( reason1 & foll[ h] directions3 he =bids u1 !re=e1 to m9d tr\ble1 & calls u (f f sorr[ful reflections2 he ?r[s a mi/ ov] our eyes to h9d] u f ! contemplation ( mis]y4 ,hav+ s\nd$ a retreat f ?is /atem5t1 he drives our ?\ghts on aga91 & enc\rages !m to view & engage ! :ole m9d 9 ! v>i\s pleasures ) :i* he ?9ks ! life ( a wise man ab\nds1 ei!r f reflect+ on ! pa/1 or f ! hope ( :at is to come4 ,i h said ^! ?+s 9 my own way2 ! ,epicureans h !irs4 ,h[ev]1 let u exam9e :at !y say2 h[ !y say x is ( little consequ5ce4 ,,xvi4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y are wrong 9 =bidd+ m5 to prem$itate on futurity & blam+ _! wi% to d s2 = !re is no?+ t breaks ! edge ( grief & light5s x m ?an consid]+1 dur+ "o's :ole life1 t !re is no?+ :i* x is impossible %\ld happ51 or ?an1 consid]+ :at human nature is1 on :at conditions life 0 giv51 & h[ we may comply ) !m4 ,! effect ( :i* is t we are always griev+1 b t we nev] d s2 = :oev] reflects on ! nature ( ?+s1 ! v>i\s turns ( life1 & ! weakness ( human nature1 grieves1 inde$1 at t reflection2 b :ile s griev+ he is1 above all o!r times1 behav+ z a wise man1 = he ga9s ^! two ?+s by x3 "o1 t :ile he is consid]+ ! /ate ( human nature he is p]=m+ ! especial duties ( philosophy1 & is provid$ ) a triple m$ic9e aga9/ adv]sity--9 ! fir/ place1 because he has long reflect$ t su* ?+s might befall him1 & ?is reflection by itself contributes mu* t[>ds less5+ & weak5+ all mis=tunes2 &1 secondly1 because he is p]suad$ t we %\ld be> all ! accid5ts :i* c happ5 to man ) ! feel+s & _s ( a man2 &1 la/ly1 because he consid]s t :at is blamable is ! only evil4 ,b x is n y\r fault t some?+ has happ5$ to y :i* x 0 impossible = man to avoid4 ,= t )draw+ ( our ?\ghts :i* he recomm5ds :5 he calls u (f f contemplat+ our mis=tunes is an imag9>y action2 = x is n 9 our p[] to dissemble or to =get ^? evils :i* lie heavy on u2 !y te>1 vex1 & /+ u--!y burn u up1 & leave no brea?+ "t4 ,& d y ord] u to =get !m 7= su* =getfulness is contr>y to nature71 & at ! same "t deprive u ( ! only assi/ance :i* nature af=ds1 ! be+ accu/om$ to !m8 ,= t1 ?\gh x is b a sl[ m$ic9e 7,i mean t :i* is br\ght by lapse ( "t71 is /ill a v effectual "o4 ,y ord] me to employ my ?\ghts on some?+ good1 & =get my mis=tunes4 ,y w\ld say some?+ wor?y a great philosoph] if y ?\ght ^? ?+s good :i* are be/ suit$ to ! dignity ( human nature4 ,,xvii4 ,%\ld ,py?agoras1 ,socrates1 or ,plato say to me1 ,:y are y deject$ or sad8 ,:y d y fa9t1 & yield to =tune1 :i*1 p]haps1 may h p[] to h>ass & di/urb y1 b %\ld n q unman y8 ,!re is great p[] 9 ! virtues2 r\se !m1 if !y *ance to droop4 ,take =titude = y\r guide1 :i* w give y su* spirits t y w despise ev]y?+ t c befall man1 & look on x z a trifle4 ,add to ?is temp]ance1 :i* is mod]ation1 & :i* 0 j n[ call$ frugality1 :i* w n suff] y to d any?+ base or bad--= :at is worse or bas] ?an an effem9ate man8 ,n ev5 ju/ice w suff] y to act 9 ?is mann]1 ?\gh %e seems to h ! lea/ weight 9 ?is affair2 b /ill1 not)/&+1 ev5 %e w in=m y t y are d\bly unju/ :5 y bo? require :at does n belong to y1 inasmu* z ?\gh y :o h be5 born mortal dem& to be plac$ 9 ! condition ( ! immortals1 & at ! same "t y take x mu* to he>t t y are to re/ore :at 0 l5t y4 ,:at answ] w y make to prud5ce1 :o in=ms y t %e is a virtue suffici5t ( h]self bo? to tea* y a good life & also to secure y a happy "o8 ,&1 inde$1 if %e 7 fett]$ by ext]nal circum/ances1 & dep5d5t on o!rs1 & if %e did n orig9ate 9 h]self & return to h]self1 & also embrace ev]y?+ 9 h]self1 s z to seek no adv5titi\s aid f any qu>t]1 ,i _c imag9e :y %e %\ld appe> des]v+ ( su* l(ty panegyrics1 or ( be+ s\ght aft] ) su* excessive eag]ness4 ,n[1 ,epicurus1 if y call me back to su* goods z ^!1 ,i w obey y1 & foll[ y1 & use y z my guide1 & ev5 =get1 z y ord] me1 all my mis=tunes2 & ,i w d ?is ! m readily f a p]suasion t !y are n to be rank$ among evils at all4 ,b y are = br++ my ?\ghts ov] to pleasure4 ,:at pleasures8 ,pleasures ( ! body1 ,i imag9e1 or su* z are recollect$ or imag9$ on acc\nt ( ! body4 ,is ?is all8 ,d ,i expla9 y\r op9ion rightly8 = y\r disciples are us$ to d5y t we und]/& at all :at ,epicurus means4 ,?is is :at he says1 & :at t subtle fell[1 old ,z5o1 :o is "o ( ! %>pe/ ( !m1 us$1 :5 ,i 0 att5d+ lectures at ,a!ns1 to en=ce & talk s l\dly (2 say+ t he alone 0 happy :o c\ld enjoy pres5t pleasure1 & :o 0 at ! same "t p]suad$ t he %\ld enjoy x )\t pa91 ei!r dur+ ! :ole or ! greate/ "p ( 8 life2 or if1 %\ld any pa9 int]f]e1 if x 0 v %>p1 !n x mu/ be %ort2 %\ld x be ( long] cont9uance1 x w\ld h m ( :at 0 sweet ?an bitt] 9 x2 t :osoev] reflect$ on ^! ?+s w\ld be happy1 especially if satisfi$ ) ! good ?+s :i* he _h already enjoy$1 & if he 7 )\t fe> ( dea? or ( ! ,gods4 ,,xviii4 ,y h "h a repres5tation ( a happy life accord+ to ,epicurus1 9 ! words ( ,z5o1 s t !re is no room = contradiction 9 any po9t4 ,:at1 !n8 ,c ! propos+ & ?9k+ ( su* a life make ,?ye/es's grief ! less1 or etes's1 ( :om ,i spoke above1 or ,telamon's1 :o 0 driv5 f 8 c\ntry to p5ury & bani%m5t8 9 wond] at :om m5 exclaim$ ?us3 ,is ?is ! man surpass+ glory rais$8 ,is ?is t ,telamon s highly prais$ ,by wond]+ ,greece1 at ^: sight1 l ! sun1 ,all o!rs ) dim9i%'d lu/re %one8 ,n[1 %\ld any "o1 z ! same au?or says1 f9d 8 spirits s9k ) ! loss ( 8 =tune1 he mu/ apply to ^? grave philosoph]s ( antiquity = relief1 & n to ^! voluptu>ies3 = :at great abundance ( good d !y promise8 ,suppose t we all[ t to be )\t pa9 is ! *ief good8 ,yet t is n call$ pleasure4 ,b x is n necess>y at pres5t to g ?r\gh ! :ole3 ! "q is1 to :at po9t are we to advance 9 ord] to abate our grief8 ,grant t to be 9 pa9 is ! greate/ evil3 :osoev]1 !n1 has proce$$ s f> z n to be 9 pa91 is he1 !re=e1 9 imm$iate possession ( ! greate/ good8 ,:y1 ,epicurus1 d we use any evasions1 & n all[ 9 our own words ! same feel+ to be pleasure :i* y are us$ to boa/ ( ) su* assurance8 ,are ^! y\r words or n8 ,?is is :at y say 9 t book :i* conta9s all ! doctr9e ( y\r s*ool2 = ,i w p]=m on ?is occasion ! (fice ( a translator1 le/ any "o %\ld imag9e t ,i am inv5t+ any?+4 ,?us y speak3 ,nor c ,i =m any notion ( ! *ief good1 ab/ract$ f ^? pleasures :i* are p]ceiv$ by ta/e1 or f :at dep5ds on he>+ music1 or ab/ract$ f ideas rais$ by ext]nal objects visible to ! eye1 or by agreeable motions1 or f ^? o!r pleasures :i* are p]ceiv$ by ! :ole man by means ( any ( 8 s5ses2 nor c x possibly be said t ! pleasures ( ! m9d are excit$ only by :at is good1 = ,i h p]ceiv$ m5's m9ds to be pleas$ ) ! hopes ( enjoy+ ^? ?+s :i* ,i m5tion$ above1 & ) ! idea t x %\ld enjoy !m )\t any int]ruption f pa94 ,& ^! are 8 exact words1 s t any "o may und]/& :at 7 ! pleasures ) :i* ,epicurus 0 acqua9t$4 ,!n he speaks ?us1 a little l[] d[n3 ,i h (t5 inquir$ ( ^? :o h be5 call$ wise m5 :at w\ld be ! rema9+ good if !y %\ld exclude f consid]ation all ^! pleasures1 unless !y meant to give u no?+ b words4 ,i c\ld nev] le>n any?+ f !m2 & unless !y *oose t all virtue & wisdom %\ld vani% & come to no?+1 !y mu/ say ) me t ! only road to happ9ess lies ?r\gh ^? pleasures :i* ,i m5tion$ above4 ,:at foll[s is mu* ! same1 & 8 :ole book on ! *ief good ev]y:]e ab\nds ) ! same op9ions4 ,w y1 !n1 invite ,telamon to ?is k9d ( life to ease 8 grief8 ,& %\ld y obs]ve any "o ( y\r fri5ds "u affliction1 w\ld y r prescribe him a /urgeon ?an a treatise ( ,socrates8 or advise him to li/5 to ! music ( a wat] organ r ?an to ,plato8 or lay be=e him ! beauty & v>iety ( "s g>d51 put a nosegay to 8 nose1 burn p]fumes be=e him1 & bid him cr[n himself ) a g>l& ( roses & woodb9es8 ,%\ld y add "o ?+ m1 y w\ld c]ta9ly wipe out all 8 grief4 ,,xix4 ,epicurus mu/ admit ^! argum5ts1 or he mu/ take out ( 8 book :at ,i j n[ said 0 a lit]al translation2 or1 r1 he mu/ de/roy 8 :ole book1 = x is cramm$ full ( pleasures4 ,we mu/ inquire1 !n1 h[ we c ease him ( 8 grief :o speaks 9 ?is mann]3 ,my pres5t /ate proce$s f =tune's /+s2 ,by bir? ,i boa/ ( a desc5t f k+s2 ,h5ce may y see f :at a noble height ,i'm sunk by =tune to ?is abject plight4 ,:at6 to ease 8 grief1 mu/ we mix him a cup ( sweet w9e1 or some?+ ( t k9d8 ,lo6 ! same poet pres5ts u ) ano!r s5tim5t some:]e else3 ,i1 ,hector1 once s great1 n[ claim y\r aid4 ,we %\ld assi/ h]1 = %e looks out = help3 ,:]e %all ,i n[ apply1 :]e seek support8 ,:]e h5ce betake me1 or to :om resort8 ,no means rema9 ( com=t or ( joy1 ,9 flames my palace1 & 9 ru9s ,troy2 ,ea* wall1 s late sup]b1 de=m$ nods1 ,& n an alt>'s left t' appease ! ,gods4 ,y "k :at %\ld foll[1 & p>ticul>ly ?is3 ,( fa!r1 c\ntry1 & ( fri5ds b]eft1 ,n "o ( all ^! sumptu\s temples left2 ,:i*1 :ile ! =tune ( our h\se did /&1 ,) ri* wr\ght ceil+s spoke ! arti/'s h&4 ,o excell5t poet6 ?\gh despis$ by ^? :o s+ ! v]ses ( ,euphorion4 ,he is s5sible t all ?+s :i* come on a sudd5 are h>d] to be borne4 ,!re=e1 :5 he _h set (f ! ri*es ( ,priam to ! be/ advantage1 :i* _h ! appe>ance ( a long cont9uance1 :at does he add8 ,lo6 ^! all p]i%'d 9 "o blaz+ pile2 ,! foe old ,priam ( 8 life beguil$1 ,& ) 8 blood1 ?y alt>1 ,jove1 defil$4 ,admirable poetry6 ,!re is some?+ m\rnful 9 ! subject1 z well z 9 ! words & measure4 ,we mu/ drive away ?is grief ( h]s3 h[ is t to be done8 ,%all we lay h] on a b$ ( d[n2 introduce a s+]2 %all we burn c$>1 or pres5t "h ) "s pleasant liquor1 & provide h] some?+ to eat8 ,are ^! ! good ?+s :i* remove ! mo/ afflict+ grief8 ,= y b j n[ said y knew ( no o!r good4 ,i %\ld agree ) ,epicurus t we ought to be call$ (f f grief to contemplate good ?+s1 if we c\ld only agree ^u :at 0 good4 ,,xx4 ,x may be said1 ,:at6 d y imag9e ,epicurus really meant ?is1 & t he ma9ta9$ any?+ s s5sual8 ,inde$ ,i d n imag9e s1 = ,i am s5sible t he has utt]$ _m excell5t ?+s & s5tim5ts1 & deliv]$ maxims ( great weight4 ,!re=e1 z ,i said be=e1 ,i am speak+ ( 8 acut5ess1 n ( 8 morals4 ,?\gh he %\ld hold ^? pleasures 9 contempt :i* he j n[ comm5d$1 yet ,i mu/ rememb] :]e9 he places ! *ief good4 ,= he 0 n cont5t$ ) b>ely say+ ?is1 b he has expla9$ :at he meant3 he says t ta/e1 & embraces1 & sports1 & music1 & ^? =ms :i* affect ! eyes ) pleasure1 are ! *ief good4 ,h ,i inv5t$ ?is8 h ,i misrepres5t$ him8 ,i %\ld be glad to be confut$2 = :at am ,i endeavor+ at b to cle> up tru? 9 e "q8 ,well1 b ! same man says t pleasure is at its height :]e pa9 ceases1 & t to be free f all pa9 is ! v greate/ pleasure4 ,"h are ?ree v great mi/akes 9 a v few words4 ,"o is1 t he contradicts himself2 =1 b j n[1 he c\ld n imag9e any?+ good unless ! s5ses 7 9 a mann] tickl$ ) "s pleasure2 b n[ he says t to be free f pa9 is ! highe/ pleasure4 ,c any "o contradict himself m8 ,! next mi/ake is1 t :]e !re is naturally a ?reefold division--! fir/1 to be pleas$2 next1 to be 9 pa92 ! la/1 to be affect$ nei!r by pleasure nor pa9--he imag9es ! fir/ & ! la/ to be ! same1 & makes no diff]5ce betwe5 pleasure & a cessation ( pa94 ,! la/ mi/ake he falls into 9 common ) "s o!rs1 :i* is ?is3 t z virtue is ! mo/ desirable ?+1 & z philosophy has be5 inve/igat$ ) a view to ! atta9m5t ( x1 he has sep>at$ ! *ief good f virtue4 ,b he comm5ds virtue1 & t frequ5tly2 & inde$ ,c4 ,grac*us1 :5 he _h made ! l>ge/ di/ributions ( ! public money1 & _h exhau/$ ! treasury1 nev]!less spoke mu* ( def5d+ ! treasury4 ,:at signifies :at m5 say :5 we see :at !y d8 ,t ,piso1 :o 0 surnam$ ,frugal1 _h always h>angu$ aga9/ ! law t 0 propos$ = di/ribut+ ! corn2 b :5 x _h pass$1 ?\gh a man ( consul> dignity1 he came to receive ! corn4 ,grac*us obs]v$ ,piso /&+ 9 ! c\rt1 & ask$ him1 9 ! he>+ ( ! p1 h[ x 0 consi/5t = him to take corn by a law he _h himself oppos$4 ,x 01 said he1 aga9/ y\r di/ribut+ my goods to e man z y ?\ght prop]2 b1 z y d s1 ,i claim my %>e4 ,did n ?is grave & wise man suffici5tly %[ t ! public rev5ue 0 dissipat$ by ! ,sempronian law8 ,read ,grac*us's spee*es1 & y w pron\nce him ! advocate ( ! treasury4 ,epicurus d5ies t any "o c live pleasantly :o does n lead a life ( virtue2 he d5ies t =tune has any p[] ov] a wise man2 he pref]s a sp>e diet to great pl5ty1 & ma9ta9s t a wise man is always happy4 ,all ^! ?+s become a philosoph] to say1 b !y are n consi/5t ) pleasure4 ,b ! reply is1 t he do? n mean t pleasure3 let him mean any pleasure1 x mu/ be su* a "o z makes no "p ( virtue4 ,b suppose we are mi/ak5 z to 8 pleasure2 are we s1 too1 z to 8 pa98 ,i ma9ta91 !re=e1 ! impropriety ( language :i* t man uses1 :5 talk+ ( virtue1 :o w\ld measure e great evil by pa94 ,,xxi4 ,& inde$ ! ,epicureans1 ^? be/ ( m5--= !re is no ord] ( m5 m innoc5t--compla9 t ,i take great pa9s to inveigh aga9/ ,epicurus4 ,we are rivals1 ,i suppose1 = "s honor or di/9ction4 ,i place ! *ief good 9 ! m9d1 he 9 ! body2 ,i 9 virtue1 he 9 pleasure2 & ! ,epicureans are up 9 arms1 & implore ! assi/ance ( _! neighbors1 & _m are ready to fly to _! aid4 ,b z = my "p1 ,i decl>e t ,i am v indiff]5t ab\t ! matt]1 & t ,i consid] ! :ole discussion :i* !y are s anxi\s ab\t at an end4 ,= :at6 is ! cont5tion ab\t ! ,punic w>8 on :i* v subject1 ?\gh ,m4 ,cato & ,l4 ,l5tulus 7 ( diff]5t op9ions1 /ill !re 0 no diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,b ^! m5 behave ) too mu* heat1 especially z ! op9ions :i* !y w\ld uphold are no v spirit$ ones1 & su* z !y d>e n plead = ei!r 9 ! s5ate or be=e ! assembly ( ! p1 or be=e ! army or ! c5sors4 ,b1 h[ev]1 ,i w argue ) !m ano!r "t1 & ) su* a disposition t no qu>rel %all arise betwe5 u2 = ,i %all be ready to yield to _! op9ions :5 f\nd$ on tru?4 ,only ,i mu/ give !m ?is advice3 ,t 7 x ev] s true1 t a wise man reg>ds no?+ b ! body1 or1 to express myself ) m dec5cy1 nev] does any?+ except :at is exp$i5t1 & views all ?+s ) exclusive ref]5ce to 8 own advantage1 z su* ?+s are n v comm5dable1 !y %\ld conf9e !m to _! own brea/s1 & leave (f talk+ ) t p>ade ( !m4 ,,xxii4 ,:at rema9s is ! op9ion ( ! ,cyr5aics1 :o ?9k t m5 grieve :5 any?+ happ5s unexpect$ly4 ,& t is inde$1 z ,i said be=e1 a great aggravation ( a mis=tune2 & ,i "k t x appe>$ s to ,*rysippus--,:atev] falls out unexpect$ is s mu* ! heavi]4 ,b ! :ole "q does n turn on ?is2 ?\gh ! sudd5 approa* ( an enemy sometimes occasions m confusion ?an x w\ld if y _h expect$ him1 & a sudd5 /orm at sea ?r[s ! sailors into a great] fright ?an "o :i* !y h =ese52 & x is ! same 9 _m o!r cases4 ,b :5 y c>efully consid] ! nature ( :at 0 expect$1 y w f9d no?+ m ?an t all ?+s :i* come on a sudd5 appe> great]2 & ?is ^u two acc\nts3 fir/ ( all1 because y h n "t to consid] h[ great ! accid5t is2 &1 secondly1 because y are probably p]suad$ t y c\ld h gu>d$ aga9/ x _h y =ese5 if1 & !re=e ! mis=tune1 hav+ be5 seem+ly enc\nt]$ by y\r own fault1 makes y\r grief ! great]4 ,t x is s1 "t ev9ces2 :i*1 z x advances1 br+s ) x s mu* mitigation t ?\gh ! same mis=tunes cont9ue1 ! grief n only becomes ! less1 b 9 "s cases is entirely remov$4 ,_m ,c>?ag9ians 7 slaves at ,rome1 & _m ,mac$onians1 :5 ,p]seus _! k+ 0 tak5 prison]4 ,i saw1 too1 :5 ,i 0 a "y man1 "s ,cor9?ians 9 ! ,peloponnesus4 ,!y might all h lam5t$ ) ,&roma*e1 ,all ^! ,i saw4444442 b !y _h p]haps giv5 ov] lam5t+ !mselves1 = by _! c\nt5ances1 & spee*1 & o!r ge/ures y might h tak5 !m = ,argives or ,sicyonians4 ,& ,i myself 0 m conc]n$ at ! ru9$ walls ( ,cor9? ?an ! ,cor9?ians !mselves 71 ^: m9ds by frequ5t reflection & "t _h become call\s to su* sights4 ,i h read a book ( ,clitoma*us1 :i* he s5t to 8 fell[-citiz5s :o 7 prison]s1 to com=t !m aft] ! de/ruction ( ,c>?age4 ,!re is 9 x a treatise writt5 by ,c>neades1 :i*1 z ,clitoma*us says1 he _h ins]t$ into 8 book2 ! subject 01 ,t x appe>$ probable t a wise man w\ld grieve at ! /ate ( subjection ( 8 c\ntry1 & all ! argum5ts :i* ,c>neades us$ aga9/ ?is proposition are set d[n 9 ! book4 ,!re ! philosoph] applies su* a /rong m$ic9e to a fre% grief z w\ld be q unnecess>y 9 "o ( any cont9uance2 nor1 if ?is v book _h be5 s5t to ! captives "s ye>s aft]1 w\ld x h f\nd any w\nds to cure1 b only sc>s2 = grief1 by a g5tle progress & sl[ degrees1 we>s away imp]ceptibly4 ,n t ! circum/ances :i* gave rise to x are alt]$1 or c be1 b t cu/om tea*es :at reason %\ld--t ^? ?+s :i* be=e seem$ to be ( "s consequ5ce are ( no su* great importance1 aft] all4 ,,xxiii4 ,x may be said1 ,:at occasion is !re to apply to reason1 or to any sort ( consolation su* z we g5]ally make use (1 to mitigate ! grief ( ! afflict$8 ,= we h ?is argum5t always at h&1 t no?+ ought to appe> unexpect$4 ,b h[ w any "o be enabl$ to be> 8 mis=tunes ! bett] by kn[+ t x is unavoidable t su* ?+s %\ld happ5 to man8 ,say+ ?is subtracts no?+ f ! sum ( ! grief3 x only ass]ts t no?+ has fall5 out b :at might h be5 anticipat$2 & yet ?is mann] ( speak+ has "s little consolation 9 x1 ?\gh ,i appreh5d n a great deal4 ,!re=e ^? unlook$-= ?+s h n s mu* =ce z to give rise to all our grief2 ! bl[ p]haps may fall ! heavi]1 b :atev] happ5s does n appe> ! great] on t acc\nt4 ,no1 x is ! fact ( its hav+ happ5$ lately1 & n ( its hav+ befall5 u unexpect$ly1 t makes x seem ! great]4 ,!re are two ways1 !n1 ( disc]n+ ! tru?1 n only ( ?+s t seem evil1 b ( ^? t h ! appe>ance ( good4 ,= we ei!r inquire into ! nature ( ! ?+1 ( :at description1 & magnitude1 & importance x is--z sometimes ) reg>d to pov]ty1 ! burd5 ( :i* we may light5 :5 by our disputations we %[ h[ few ?+s nature requires1 & ( :at a trifl+ k9d !y are--or1 )\t any subtle argu+1 we ref] !m to examples1 z "h we in/ance a ,socrates1 !re a ,diog5es1 & !n aga9 t l9e 9 ,ccilius1 ,wisdom is (t conceal'd 9 mean attire4 ,= z pov]ty is ( equal weight ) all1 :at reason c be giv5 :y :at 0 borne by ,fabricius %\ld be spok5 ( by any "o else z unsupportable :5 x falls ^u !mselves8 ,( a piece ) ?is is t o!r way ( com=t+1 :i* consi/s 9 po9t+ out t no?+ has happ5$ b :at is common to human nature2 = ?is argum5t do? n only in=m u :at human nature is1 b implies t all ?+s are tol]able :i* o!rs h borne & are be>+4 ,,xxiv4 ,is pov]ty ! subject8 ,!y tell y ( _m :o h submitt$ to x ) pati5ce4 ,is x ! contempt ( honors8 ,!y acqua9t y ) "s :o nev] enjoy$ any1 & 7 ! happi] = x2 & ( ^? :o h pref]r$ a private retir$ life to public employm5t1 m5tion+ _! names ) respect2 !y tell y ( ! v]se#dj ( t mo/ p[]ful k+ :o praises an old man1 & pron\nces him happy because he 0 unkn[n to fame & seem$ likely to arrive at ! h\r ( dea? 9 obscurity & )\t notice4 ,?us1 too1 !y h examples = ^? :o are depriv$ ( _! *ildr53 !y :o are "u any great grief are com=t$ by in/ances ( l affliction2 & ?us ! endurance ( e mis=tune is r5d]$ m easy by ! fact ( o!rs hav+ und]gone ! same1 & ! fate ( o!rs causes :at has happ5$ to appe> less important ?an x has be5 previ\sly ?\ght1 & reflection ?us discov]s to u h[ mu* op9ion _h impos$ on u4 ,& ?is is :at ! ,telamon decl>es1 ,i1 :5 my son 0 born1 etc42 & ?us ,!seus1 ,i on my future mis]y did dwell2 & ,anaxagoras1 ,i knew my son 0 mortal4 ,all ^! m51 by frequ5tly reflect+ on human affairs1 _h discov]$ t !y 7 by no means to be e/imat$ by ! op9ion ( ! multitude2 &1 inde$1 x seems to me to be pretty mu* ! same case ) ^? :o consid] be=eh& z ) ^? :o d]ive _! rem$ies f "t1 except+ t a k9d ( reason cures ! "o1 & ! o!r rem$y is provid$ by nature2 by :i* we discov] 7& ?is conta9s ! :ole m>r[ ( ! matt]7 t :at 0 imag9$ to be ! greate/ evil is by no means s great z to defeat ! happ9ess ( life4 ,& ! effect ( ?is is1 t ! bl[ is great] by reason ( its n hav+ be5 =ese51 & n1 z !y suppose1 t :5 simil> mis=tunes befall two diff]5t p1 t man only is affect$ ) grief :om ?is calamity has befall5 unexpect$ly4 ,s t "s p]sons1 "u ! oppression ( grief1 are said to h borne x actually worse = he>+ ( ?is common condition ( man1 t we are born "u su* conditions z r5d] x impossible = a man to be exempt f all evil4 ,,xxv4 ,= ?is reason ,c>neades1 z ,i see our fri5d ,antio*us writes1 us$ to blame ,*rysippus = comm5d+ ^! v]ses ( ,euripides3 ,man1 doom'd to c>e1 to pa91 disease1 & /rife1 ,walks 8 %ort j\rney ?ro' ! vale ( life3 ,wat*ful att5ds ! cradle & ! grave1 ,& pass+ g5]ations longs to save3 ,la/1 dies himself3 yet :]e=e %\ld we m\rn8 ,= man mu/ to 8 k9dr$ du/ return2 ,submit to ! de/roy+ h& ( fate1 ,z rip5'd e>s ! h>ve/-sickle wait4#da ,he w\ld n all[ a spee* ( ?is k9d to avail at all to ! cure ( our grief1 = he said x 0 a lam5table case itself t we 7 fall5 into ! h&s ( su* a cruel fate2 & t a spee* l t1 prea*+ up com=t f ! mis=tunes ( ano!r1 0 a com=t adapt$ only to ^? ( a malevol5t disposition4 ,b to me x appe>s f> o!rwise2 = ! necessity ( be>+ :at is ! common condition ( humanity =bids y\r resi/+ ! w ( ! ,gods1 & rem9ds y t y are a man1 :i* reflection greatly alleviates grief2 & ! enum]ation ( ^! examples is n produc$ ) a view to please ^? ( a malevol5t disposition1 b 9 ord] t any "o 9 affliction may be induc$ to be> :at he obs]ves _m o!rs h previ\sly borne ) tranquillity & mod]ation4 ,= !y :o are fall+ to pieces1 & _c hold toge!r ?r\gh ! greatness ( _! grief1 %\ld be support$ by all k9ds ( assi/ance4 ,f :5ce ,*rysippus ?9ks t grief is call$ ,greek3 lyp1 z x 7 ,greek3 lysis1 t is to say1 a dissolution ( ! :ole man--! :ole ( :i* ,i ?9k may be pull$ up by ! roots by expla9+1 z ,i said at ! beg9n+1 ! cause ( grief2 = x is no?+ else b an op9ion & judgm5t =m$ ( a pres5t acute evil4 ,& ?us any bodily pa91 let x be ev] s griev\s1 may be endurable :]e any hopes are propos$ ( "s consid]able good2 & we receive su* consolation f a virtu\s & illu/ri\s life t !y :o lead su* lives are seldom attack$ by grief1 or b slightly affect$ by x4 ,,xxvi4 ,b z besides ?is op9ion ( great evil !re is ?is o!r add$ also--t we ought to lam5t :at has happ5$1 t x is "r s to d1 & "p ( our duty1 !n is br\ght ab\t t t]rible disord] ( m9d1 grief4 ,& x is to ?is op9ion t we owe all ^? v>i\s & horrid k9ds ( lam5tation1 t neglect ( our p]sons1 t womani% te>+ ( our *eeks1 t /rik+ on our ?ighs1 brea/s1 & heads4 ,?us ,agamemnon1 9 ,hom] & 9 ,accius1 ,te>s 9 8 grief 8 uncomb'd locks2#db f :5ce comes t pleasant say+ ( ,bion1 t ! fooli% k+ 9 8 sorr[ tore away ! hairs ( 8 head1 imag9+ t 8 grief w\ld be alleviat$ by baldness4 ,b m5 d all ^! ?+s f be+ p]suad$ t !y ought to d s4 ,& ?us s*9es inveighs aga9/ ,demo/h5es = sacrific+ )9 sev5 days aft] ! dea? ( 8 daught]4 ,b ) :at eloqu5ce1 ) :at flu5cy1 does he attack him6 :at s5tim5ts does he collect6 :at words does he hurl aga9/ him6 ,y may see by ?is t an orator may d any?+2 b nobody w\ld approve ( su* lic5se if x 7 n t we h an idea innate 9 our m9ds t e good man ought to lam5t ! loss ( a relation z bitt]ly z possible4 ,& x is ow+ to ?is t "s m51 :5 9 sorr[1 betake !mselves to des]ts1 z ,hom] says ( ,bell]ophon3 ,di/ract$ 9 8 m9d1 ,=sook by heav51 =sak+ human k9d1 ,wide o'er ! ,alean field he *ose to /ray1 ,a long1 =lorn1 uncom=table way6#dc ,& ?us ,niobe is feign$ to h be5 turn$ into /one1 f h] nev] speak+1 ,i suppose1 9 h] grief4 ,b !y imag9e ,hecuba to h be5 conv]t$ into a bit*1 f h] rage & bitt]ness ( m9d4 ,!re are o!rs :o love to conv]se ) solitude itself :5 9 grief1 z ! nurse 9 ,ennius1 ,fa9 w\ld ,i to ! heav5s f9d e>? relate ,m$ea's ceaseless woes & cruel fate4#dd ,,xxvii4 ,n[ all ^! ?+s are done 9 grief1 f a p]suasion ( _! tru? & propriety & necessity2 & x is pla9 t ^? :o behave ?us d s f a conviction ( its be+ _! duty2 = %\ld ^! m\rn]s by *ance drop _! grief1 & ei!r act or speak = a mom5t 9 a m calm or *e]ful mann]1 !y pres5tly *eck !mselves & return to _! lam5tations aga91 & blame !mselves = hav+ be5 guilty ( any int]missions f _! grief2 & p>5ts & ma/]s g5]ally correct *ildr5 n by words only1 b by bl[s1 if !y %[ any levity by ei!r ^w or de$ :5 ! family is "u affliction1 &1 z x 71 oblige !m to be sorr[ful4 ,:at6 does x n appe>1 :5 y h ceas$ to m\rn1 & h discov]$ t y\r grief has be5 ineffectual1 t ! :ole ( t m\rn+ 0 volunt>y on y\r "p8 ,:at does t man say 9 ,t]5ce :o puni%es himself1 ! ,self-torm5tor8 ,i ?9k ,i d my son less h>m1 ,o ,*remes1 ,z long z ,i myself am mis]able4 ,he det]m9es to be mis]able3 & c any "o det]m9e on any?+ aga9/ 8 w8 ,i well might ?9k t ,i des]v$ all evil4 ,he w\ld ?9k he des]v$ any mis=tune 7 he o!rwise ?an mis]able6 ,!re=e1 y see1 ! evil is 9 op9ion1 n 9 nature4 ,h[ is x :5 "s ?+s d ( !mselves prev5t y\r griev+ at !m8 z 9 ,hom]1 s _m di$ & 7 buri$ daily t !y _h n leisure to grieve3 :]e y f9d ^! l9es-- ,! great1 ! bold1 by ?\s&s daily fall1 ,& endless 7 ! grief to weep = all4 ,et]nal sorr[s :at avails to %$8 ,greece honors n ) solemn fa/s ! dead3 ,en\gh :5 dea? dem&s ! brave to pay ,! tribute ( a melan*oly day4 ,"o *ief ) pati5ce to ! grave resign'd1 ,our c>e devolves on o!rs left beh9d4#de ,!re=e x is 9 our own p[] to lay aside grief ^u occasion2 & is !re any opportunity 7see+ ! ?+ is 9 our own p[]7 t we %\ld let slip ( gett+ rid ( c>e & grief8 ,x 0 pla9 t ! fri5ds ( ,cnu ,pompeius1 :5 !y saw him fa9t+ "u 8 w\nds1 at ! v mom5t ( t mo/ mis]able & bitt] sight 7 "u great uneas9ess h[ !y !mselves1 surr\nd$ by ! enemy z !y 71 %\ld escape1 & 7 employ$ 9 no?+ b enc\rag+ ! r[]s & aid+ _! escape2 b :5 !y rea*$ ,tyre1 !y began to grieve & lam5t ov] him4 ,!re=e1 z fe> ) !m1 prevail$ ov] grief1 _c reason & true philosophy h ! same effect ) a wise man8 ,,xxviii4 ,b :at is !re m effectual to dispel grief ?an ! discov]y t x answ]s no purpose1 & has be5 und]gone to no acc\nt8 ,!re=e1 if we c get rid ( x1 we ne$ nev] h be5 subject to x4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 !n1 t m5 take up grief wilfully & kn[+ly2 & ?is appe>s f ! pati5ce ( ^? :o1 aft] !y h be5 ex]cis$ 9 afflictions & are bett] able to be> :atev] befalls !m1 suppose !mselves h>d5$ aga9/ =tune2 z t p]son 9 ,euripides1 ,_h ?is ! fir/ essay ( =tune be51 ,& ,i no /orms ?ro' all my life _h se51 ,wild z a colt ,i'd broke f reason's sway2 ,b frequ5t griefs h taught me to obey4#df ,z1 !n1 ! frequ5t be>+ ( mis]y makes grief ! light]1 we mu/ necess>ily p]ceive t ! cause & orig9al ( x does n lie 9 ! calamity itself4 ,y\r pr9cipal philosoph]s1 or lov]s ( wisdom1 ?\gh !y h n yet arriv$ at p]fect wisdom1 are n !y s5sible t !y are 9 ! greate/ evil8 ,= !y are fooli%1 & fooli%ness is ! greate/ ( all evils1 & yet !y lam5t n4 ,h[ %all we acc\nt = ?is8 ,because op9ion is n fix$ ^u t k9d ( evil1 x is n our op9ion t x is "r1 meet1 & our duty to be uneasy because we are n all wise m54 ,:]eas ?is op9ion is /rongly affix$ to t uneas9ess :]e m\rn+ is conc]n$1 :i* is ! greate/ ( all grief4 ,!re=e ,ari/otle1 :5 he blames "s anci5t philosoph]s = imag9+ t by _! g5ius !y _h br\ght philosophy to ! highe/ p]fection1 says1 !y mu/ be ei!r extremely fooli% or extremely va92 b t he himself c\ld see t great improvem5ts _h be5 made !re9 9 a few ye>s1 & t philosophy w\ld 9 a little "t arrive at p]fection4 ,& ,!ophra/us is report$ to h reproa*$ nature at 8 dea? = giv+ to /ags & cr[s s long a life1 :i* 0 ( no use to !m1 b all[+ only s %ort a span to m51 to :om l5g? ( days w\ld h be5 ( ! greate/ use2 = if ! life ( man c\ld h be5 l5g!n$1 x w\ld h be5 able to provide itself ) all k9ds ( le>n+1 & ) arts 9 ! greate/ p]fection4 ,he lam5t$1 !re=e1 t he 0 dy+ j :5 he _h begun to discov] ^!4 ,:at6 does n e grave & di/+ui%$ philosoph] ackn[l$ge himself ignorant ( _m ?+s1 & confess t !re are _m ?+s :i* he mu/ le>n ov] & ov] aga98 ,& yet1 ?\gh ^! m5 are s5sible t !y are /&+ /ill 9 ! v midway ( folly1 ?an :i* no?+ c be worse1 !y are "u no great affliction1 because no op9ion t x is _! duty to lam5t is ev] m+l$ ) ?is k4 ,:at %all we say ( ^? :o ?9k x unbecom+ 9 a man to grieve8 among :om we may reckon ,q4 ,maximus1 :5 he buri$ 8 son t _h be5 consul1 & ,l4 ,paulus1 :o lo/ two sons )9 a few days ( "o ano!r4 ,( ! same op9ion 0 ,m4 ,cato1 :o lo/ 8 son j aft] he _h be5 elect$ prtor1 & _m o!rs1 ^: names ,i h collect$ 9 my book on ,consolation4 ,n[ :at made ^! m5 s easy1 b _! p]suasion t grief & lam5tation 0 n becom+ 9 a man8 ,!re=e1 z "s give !mselves up to grief f an op9ion t x is "r s to d1 !y refra9$ !mselves1 f an op9ion t x 0 discr$itable2 f :i* we may inf] t grief is ow+ m to op9ion ?an nature4 ,,xxix4 ,x may be said1 on ! o!r side1 ,:o is s mad z to grieve ( 8 own accord8 ,pa9 proce$s f nature1 :i* y mu/ submit to1 say !y1 agreeably to :at ev5 y\r own ,crantor tea*es1 = x presses & ga9s ^u y unavoidably1 & _c possibly be resi/$4 ,s t ! v same ,oileus1 9 ,sophocles1 :o _h be=e com=t$ ,telamon on ! dea? ( ,ajax1 on he>+ ( ! dea? ( 8 own son1 is brok5-he>t$4 ,on ?is alt]ation ( 8 m9d we h ^! l9es3 ,%[ me ! man s well by wisdom taught ,t :at he *>ges to ano!r's fault1 ,:5 l affliction do? himself betide1 ,true to 8 own wise c\nsel w abide4#dg ,n[1 :5 !y urge ^! ?+s1 _! endeavor is to prove t nature is absolutely & :olly irresi/ible2 & yet ! same p all[ t we take great] grief on ourselves ?an nature requires4 ,:at madness is x1 !n1 9 u to require ! same f o!rs8 ,b !re are _m reasons = our tak+ grief on u4 ,! fir/ is f ! op9ion ( "s evil1 on ! discov]y & c]ta9ty ( :i* grief comes ( c\rse4 ,besides1 _m p are p]suad$ t !y are do+ some?+ v acceptable to ! dead :5 !y lam5t bitt]ly ov] !m4 ,to ^! may be add$ a k9d ( womani% sup]/ition1 9 imag9+ t :5 !y h be5 /rick5 by ! afflictions s5t by ! ,gods1 to ackn[l$ge !mselves afflict$ & humbl$ by !m is ! readie/ way ( appeas+ !m4 ,b mo/ m5 appe> to be unaw>e :at contradictions ^! ?+s are full (4 ,!y comm5d ^? :o die calmly1 b !y blame ^? :o c be> ! loss ( ano!r ) ! same calmness1 z if x 7 possible t x %\ld be true1 z is occasionally said 9 love spee*es1 t any "o c love ano!r m ?an himself4 ,!re is1 inde$1 some?+ excell5t 9 ?is1 &1 if y exam9e x1 some?+ no less j ?an true1 t we love ^? :o ought to be mo/ de> to u z well z we love ourselves2 b to love !m m ?an ourselves is absolutely impossible2 nor is x desirable 9 fri5d%ip t ,i %\ld love my fri5d m ?an myself1 or t he %\ld love me s2 = ?is w\ld occasion mu* confusion 9 life1 & break 9 ^u all ! duties ( x4 ,,xxx4 ,b we w speak ( ?is ano!r "t3 at pres5t x is suffici5t n to attribute our mis]y to ! loss ( our fri5ds1 nor to love !m m ?an1 if !y !mselves c\ld be s5sible ( our conduct1 !y w\ld approve (1 or at lea/ n m ?an we d ourselves4 ,n[ z to :at !y say1 t "s are n at all appeas$ by our consolations2 &1 moreov]1 z to :at !y add1 t ! com=t]s !mselves ackn[l$ge !y are mis]able :5 =tune v>ies ! attack & falls on !m--9 bo? ^! cases ! solution is easy3 = ! fault "h is n 9 nature1 b 9 our own folly2 & mu* may be said aga9/ folly4 ,b m5 :o d n admit ( consolation seem to bespeak mis]y = !mselves2 & !y :o _c be> _! mis=tunes ) t temp] :i* !y recomm5d to o!rs are n m faulty 9 ?is p>ticul> ?an mo/ o!r p]sons2 = we see t covet\s m5 f9d fault ) o!rs :o are covet\s1 z d ! va+lori\s ) ^? :o appe> too :olly devot$ to ! pursuit ( glory4 ,= x is ! peculi> *>act]i/ic ( folly to p]ceive ! vices ( o!rs1 b to =get its own4 ,b s9ce we f9d t grief is remov$ by l5g? ( "t1 we h ! greate/ pro( t ! /r5g? ( x dep5ds n m]ely on "t1 b on ! daily consid]ation ( x4 ,= if ! cause cont9ues ! same1 & ! man be ! same1 h[ c !re be any alt]ation 9 ! grief1 if !re is no *ange 9 :at occasion$ ! grief1 nor 9 him :o grieves8 ,!re=e x is f daily reflect+ t !re is no real evil 9 ! circum/ance = :i* y grieve1 & n f ! l5g? ( "t1 t y procure a rem$y = y\r grief4 ,,xxxi4 ,"h "s p talk ( mod]ate grief2 b if su* be natural1 :at occasion is !re = consolation8 = nature h]self w det]m9e1 ! measure ( x3 b if x dep5ds on & is caus$ by op9ion1 ! :ole op9ion %\ld be de/roy$4 ,i ?9k t x has be5 suffici5tly said1 t grief arises f an op9ion ( "s pres5t evil1 :i* includes ?is belief1 t x is incumb5t on u to grieve4 ,to ?is def9ition ,z5o has add$1 v ju/ly1 t ! op9ion ( ?is pres5t evil %\ld be rec5t4 ,n[ ?is ^w rec5t !y expla9 ?us3 ^? are n ! only rec5t ?+s :i* happ5$ a little :ile ago2 b z long z !re %all be any =ce1 or vigor1 or fre%ness 9 t imag9$ evil1 s long x is entitl$ to ! "n ( rec5t4 ,take ! case ( ,artemisia1 ! wife ( ,mausolus1 ,k+ ( ,c>ia1 :o made t noble sepul*re at ,halic>nassus2 :ile %e liv$1 %e liv$ 9 grief1 & di$ ( x1 be+ worn out by x1 = t op9ion 0 always rec5t ) h]3 b y _c call t rec5t :i* has already begun to decay ?r\gh "t4 ,n[ ! duty ( a com=t] is1 to remove grief entirely1 to quiet x1 or draw x (f z mu* z y c1 or else to keep x "u1 & prev5t its spread+ any fur!r1 & to div]t "o's att5tion to o!r matt]s4 ,!re are "s :o ?9k1 ) ,clean!s1 t ! only duty ( a com=t] is to prove t :at "o is lam5t+ is by no means an evil4 ,o!rs1 z ! ,p]ipatetics1 pref] urg+ t ! evil is n great4 ,o!rs1 ) ,epicurus1 seek to div]t y\r att5tion f ! evil to good3 "s ?9k x suffici5t to %[ t no?+ has happ5$ b :at y _h reason to expect2 & ?is is ! practice ( ! ,cyr5aics4 ,b ,*rysippus ?9ks t ! ma9 ?+ 9 com=t+ is1 to remove ! op9ion f ! p]son :o is griev+1 t to grieve is 8 b\nd5 duty4 ,!re are o!rs :o br+ toge!r all ^! v>i\s k9ds ( consolations1 = p are diff]5tly affect$2 z ,i h done myself 9 my book on ,consolation2 = z my own m9d 0 mu* disord]$1 ,i h attempt$ 9 t book to discov] e me?od ( cure4 ,b ! prop] season is z mu* to be att5d$ to 9 ! cure ( ! m9d z ( ! body2 z ,prome!us 9 s*ylus1 on its be+ said to him1 ,i ?9k1 ,prome!us1 y ?is t5et hold1 ,t all m5's reason %\ld _! rage control8 answ]s1 ,yes1 :5 "o reason prop]ly applies2 ,ill-tim$ advice w make ! /orm b rise4#dh ,,xxxii4 ,b ! pr9cipal m$ic9e to be appli$ 9 consolation is1 to ma9ta9 ei!r t x is no evil at all1 or a v inconsid]able "o3 ! next be/ to t is1 to speak ( ! common condition ( life1 hav+ a view1 if possible1 to ! /ate ( ! p]son :om y com=t p>ticul>ly4 ,! ?ird is1 t x is folly to we> "o's self out ) grief :i* c avail no?+4 ,= ! com=t ( ,clean!s is suitable only = a wise man1 :o is 9 no ne$ ( any com=t at all2 = c\ld y p]suade "o 9 grief t no?+ is an evil b :at is base1 y w\ld n only cure him ( grief1 b folly4 ,b ! "t = su* precepts is n well *os54 ,besides1 ,clean!s does n seem to me suffici5tly aw>e t affliction may v (t5 proce$ f t v ?+ :i* he himself all[s to be ! greate/ mis=tune4 ,= :at %all we say8 ,:5 ,socrates _h conv9c$ ,alcibiades1 z we are told1 t he _h no di/9ctive qualifications z a man diff]5t f o!r p1 & t1 9 fact1 !re 0 no diff]5ce betwe5 him1 ?\gh a man ( ! highe/ rank1 & a port]2 & :5 ,alcibiades became uneasy at ?is1 & entreat$ ,socrates1 ) te>s 9 8 eyes1 to make him a man ( virtue1 & to cure him ( t mean position2 :at %all we say to ?is1 ,clean!s8 ,0 !re no evil 9 :at afflict$ ,alcibiades ?us8 ,:at /range ?+s does ,lycon say8 :o1 mak+ light ( grief1 says t x arises f trifles1 f ?+s t affect our =tune or bodies1 n f ! evils ( ! m9d4 ,:at1 !n8 did n ! grief ( ,alcibiades proce$ f ! defects & evils ( ! m9d8 ,i h already said en\gh ( ,epicurus's consolation4 ,,xxxiii4 ,nor is t consolation mu* to be reli$ on1 ?\gh x is frequ5tly practis$1 & sometimes has "s effect1 namely1 ,t y are n alone 9 ?is4 ,x has its effect1 z ,i said1 b n always1 nor ) e p]son1 = "s reject x2 b mu* dep5ds on ! application ( x2 = y ought r to %[1 n h[ m5 9 g5]al h be5 affect$ ) su* evils1 b h[ m5 ( s5se h borne !m4 ,z to ,*rysippus's me?od1 x is c]ta9ly f\nd$ 9 tru?2 b x is difficult to apply x 9 "t ( di/ress4 ,x is a "w ( no small difficulty to p]suade a p]son 9 affliction t he grieves m]ely because he ?9ks x "r s to d4 ,c]ta9ly1 !n1 z 9 plead+s we d n /ate all cases alike 7if ,i may adopt ! language ( lawy]s = a mom5t71 b adapt :at we h to say to ! "t1 to ! nature ( ! subject "u debate1 & to ! p]son2 s1 too1 9 alleviat+ grief1 reg>d %\ld be _h to :at k9d ( cure ! p>ty to be com=t$ c admit (4 ,b1 someh[ or o!r1 we h rambl$ f :at y orig9ally propos$4 ,= y\r "q 0 conc]n+ a wise man1 ) :om no?+ c h ! appe>ance ( evil t is n di%onorable2 or at lea/1 any?+ else w\ld seem s small an evil t by 8 wisdom he w\ld s ov]mat* x z to make x :olly disappe>2 & su* a man makes no addition to 8 grief ?r\gh op9ion1 & nev] conceives x "r to torm5t himself above measure1 nor to we> himself out ) grief1 :i* is ! meane/ ?+ imag9able4 ,reason1 h[ev]1 x seems1 has demon/rat$ 7?\gh x 0 n directly our object at ! mom5t to inquire :e!r any?+ c be call$ an evil except :at is base7 t x is 9 our p[] to disc]n t all ! evil :i* !re is 9 affliction has no?+ natural 9 x1 b is contract$ by our own volunt>y judgm5t ( x1 & ! error ( op9ion4 ,,xxxiv4 ,b ! k9d ( affliction ( :i* ,i h treat$ is t :i* is ! greate/2 9 ord] t :5 we h once got rid ( t1 x may appe> a bus9ess ( less consequ5ce to look aft] rem$ies = ! o!rs4 ,= !re are c]ta9 ?+s :i* are usually said ab\t pov]ty2 & also c]ta9 /atem5ts ord9>ily appli$ to retir$ & undi/+ui%$ life4 ,!re are p>ticul> treatises on bani%m5t1 on ! ru9 ( "o's c\ntry1 on slav]y1 on weakness1 on bl9dness1 & on e incid5t t c come "u ! "n ( an evil4 ,! ,greeks divide ^! into diff]5t treatises & di/9ct books2 b !y d x = ! sake ( employm5t3 n b t all su* discussions are full ( ent]ta9m5t4 ,& yet1 z physicians1 9 cur+ ! :ole body1 att5d to ev5 ! mo/ insignificant "p ( ! body :i* is at all disord]$1 s does philosophy act1 aft] x has remov$ grief 9 g5]al2 /ill1 if any o!r defici5cy exi/s--%\ld pov]ty bite1 %\ld ignom9y /+1 %\ld bani%m5t br+ a d>k cl\d ov] u1 or %\ld any ( ^? ?+s :i* ,i h j m5tion$ appe>1 !re is = ea* its appropriate consolation1 :i* y %all he> :5ev] y please4 ,b we mu/ h rec\rse aga9 to ! same orig9al pr9ciple1 t a wise man is free f all sorr[1 because x is va91 because x answ]s no purpose1 because x is n f\nd$ 9 nature1 b on op9ion & prejudice1 & is eng5d]$ by a k9d ( invitation to grieve1 :5 once m5 h imag9$ t x is _! duty to d s4 ,:51 !n1 we h subtract$ :at is altoge!r volunt>y1 t m\rnful uneas9ess w be remov$2 yet "s little anxiety1 "s slight prick+1 w /ill rema94 ,!y may inde$ call ?is natural1 provid$ !y give x n t horrid1 solemn1 melan*oly "n ( grief1 :i* c by no means consi/ ) wisdom4 ,b h[ v>i\s & h[ bitt] are ! roots ( grief6 ,:atev] !y are1 ,i propose1 aft] hav+ fell$ ! trunk1 to de/roy !m all2 ev5 if x %\ld be necess>y1 by allott+ a sep>ate diss]tation to ea*1 = ,i h leisure en\gh to d s1 :atev] "t x may take up4 ,b ! pr9ciple ( e uneas9ess is ! same1 ?\gh !y may appe> "u diff]5t names4 ,= envy is an uneas9ess2 s are emulation1 detraction1 angui%1 sorr[1 sadness1 tribulation1 lam5tation1 vexation1 grief1 tr\ble1 affliction1 & despair4 ,! ,/oics def9e all ^! diff]5t feel+s2 & all ^? words :i* ,i h m5tion$ belong to diff]5t ?+s1 & d n1 z !y seem1 express ! same ideas2 b !y are to a c]ta9 ext5t di/9ct1 z ,i %all make appe> p]haps 9 ano!r place4 ,^! are ^? fibres ( ! roots :i*1 z ,i said at fir/1 mu/ be trac$ back & cut (f & de/roy$1 s t n "o %all rema94 ,y say x is a great & difficult und]tak+3 :o d5ies x8 ,b :at is !re ( any excell5cy :i* has n its difficulty8 ,yet philosophy und]takes to effect x1 provid$ we admit its sup]9t5d5ce4 ,b en\gh ( ?is4 ,! o!r books1 :5ev] y please1 %all be ready = y "h or any:]e else4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,,iv4 ,on o!r p]turbations ( ! m9d4 ,i4 ,i h (t5 wond]$1 ,brutus1 on _m occasions1 at ! +5uity & virtues ( our c\ntrym52 b no?+ has surpris$ me m ?an _! developm5t 9 ^? /udies1 :i*1 ?\gh !y came some:at late to u1 h be5 transport$ into ?is city f ,greece4 ,= ! sy/em ( auspices1 & religi\s c]emonies1 & c\rts ( ju/ice1 & appeals to ! p1 ! s5ate1 ! e/abli%m5t ( an army ( cavalry & infantry1 & ! :ole milit>y discipl9e1 7 in/itut$ z e>ly z ! f\ndation ( ! city by royal au?ority1 p>tly too by laws1 n )\t ! assi/ance ( ! ,gods4 ,!n ) :at a surpris+ & incr$ible progress did our ance/ors advance t[>ds all k9d ( excell5ce1 :5 once ! republic 0 fre$ f ! regal p[]6 ,n t ?is is a prop] occasion to treat ( ! mann]s & cu/oms ( our ance/ors1 or ( ! discipl9e & con/itution ( ! city2 = ,i h else:]e1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! six books ,i wrote on ! ,republic1 giv5 a suffici5tly accurate acc\nt ( !m4 ,b :ile ,i am on ?is subject1 & consid]+ ! /udy ( philosophy1 ,i meet ) _m reasons to imag9e t ^? /udies 7 br\ght to u f abroad1 & n m]ely import$1 b pres]v$ & improv$2 = !y _h ,py?agoras1 a man ( consummate wisdom & nobl5ess ( "*1 9 a mann]1 be=e _! eyes1 :o 0 9 ,italy at ! "t t ,lucius ,brutus1 ! illu/ri\s f\nd] ( y\r nobility1 deliv]$ 8 c\ntry f tyranny4 ,z ! doctr9e ( ,py?agoras spread itself on all sides1 x seems probable to me t x rea*$ ?is city2 & ?is is n only probable ( itself1 b x does really appe> to h be5 ! case f _m rema9s ( x4 ,= :o c imag9e t1 :5 x fl\ri%$ s mu* 9 t "p ( ,italy :i* 0 call$ ,magna ,grcia1 & 9 "s ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ p[]ful cities1 9 :i*1 fir/ ! "n ( ,py?agoras1 & !n t ( ^? m5 :o 7 aft]w>d 8 foll[]s1 0 9 s high e/eem2 :o c imag9e1 ,i say1 t our p c\ld %ut _! e>s to :at 0 said by su* le>n$ m58 ,besides1 x is ev5 my op9ion t x 0 ! great e/eem 9 :i* ! ,py?agoreans 7 held1 t gave rise to t op9ion among ^? :o came aft] him1 t ,k+ ,numa 0 a ,py?agorean4 ,=1 be+ acqua9t$ ) ! doctr9e & pr9ciples ( ,py?agoras1 & hav+ he>d f _! ance/ors t ?is k+ 0 a v wise & j man1 & n be+ able to di/+ui% accurately betwe5 times & p]iods t 7 s remote1 !y inf]r$1 f 8 be+ s em95t = 8 wisdom1 t he _h be5 a pupil ( ,py?agoras4 ,,ii4 ,s f> we proce$ on conjecture4 ,z to ! ve/iges ( ! ,py?agoreans1 ?\gh ,i might collect _m1 ,i %all use b a few2 because !y h no connection ) our pres5t purpose4 ,=1 z x is report$ to h be5 a cu/om ) !m to deliv] c]ta9 precepts 9 a m ab/ruse mann] 9 v]se1 & to br+ _! m9ds f sev]e ?\ght to a m compos$ /ate by songs & musical in/rum5ts2 s ,cato1 a writ] ( ! v highe/ au?ority1 says 9 8 ,orig9s1 t x 0 cu/om>y ) our ance/ors = ! gue/s at _! ent]ta9m5ts1 e "o 9 8 turn1 to celebrate ! praises & virtues ( illu/ri\s m5 9 song to ! s\nd ( ! flute2 f :5ce x is cle> t poems & songs 7 !n compos$ = ! voice4 ,&1 inde$1 x is also cle> t poetry 0 9 fa%ion f ! laws ( ! ,twelve ,tables1 :]e9 x is provid$ t no song %\ld be made to ! injury ( ano!r4 ,ano!r argum5t ( ! erudition ( ^? times is1 t !y play$ on in/rum5ts be=e ! %r9es ( _! ,gods1 & at ! ent]ta9m5ts ( _! magi/rates2 b t cu/om 0 peculi> to ! sect ,i am speak+ (4 ,to me1 inde$1 t poem ( ,appius ,ccus1 :i* ,pantius comm5ds s mu* 9 a c]ta9 lett] ( 8 :i* is address$ to ,qu9tus ,tub]o1 has all ! m>ks ( a ,py?agorean au?or4 ,we h _m ?+s d]iv$ f ! ,py?agoreans 9 our cu/oms1 :i* ,i pass ov]1 t we may n seem to h le>n$ t else:]e :i* we look ^u ourselves z ! inv5tors (4 ,b to return to our purpose4 ,h[ _m great poets z well z orators h sprung up among u6 & 9 :at a %ort "t6 s t x is evid5t t our p c\ld arrive at any le>n+ z soon z !y _h an incl9ation = x4 ,b ( o!r /udies ,i %all speak else:]e if !re is occasion1 z ,i h already (t5 done4 ,,iii4 ,! /udy ( philosophy is c]ta9ly ( long /&+ ) u2 b yet ,i d n f9d t ,i c give y ! names ( any philosoph] be=e ! age ( ,llius & ,scipio1 9 ^: y\ng] days we f9d t ,diog5es ! ,/oic1 & ,c>neades ! ,academic1 7 s5t z ambassadors by ! ,a!nians to our s5ate4 ,& z ^! _h nev] be5 conc]n$ 9 public affairs1 & "o ( !m 0 a ,cyr5ean1 ! o!r a ,babylonian1 !y c]ta9ly w\ld nev] h be5 =c$ f _! /udies1 nor *os5 = t employm5t1 unless ! /udy ( philosophy _h be5 9 vogue ) "s ( ! great m5 at t "t2 :o1 ?\gh !y might employ _! p5s on o!r subjects--"s on civil law1 o!rs on oratory1 o!rs on ! hi/ory ( =m] times--yet promot$ ?is mo/ ext5sive ( all arts1 ! pr9ciple ( liv+ well1 ev5 m by _! life ?an by _! writ+s4 ,s t ( t true & elegant philosophy 7:i* 0 d]iv$ f ,socrates1 & is /ill pres]v$ by ! ,p]ipatetics & by ! ,/oics1 ?\gh !y express !mselves diff]5tly 9 _! disputes ) ! ,academics7 !re are few or no ,lat9 records2 :e!r ?is proce$s f ! importance ( ! ?+ itself1 or f m5's be+ o!rwise employ$1 or f _! conclud+ t ! capacity ( ! p 0 n equal to ! appreh5sion ( !m4 ,b1 dur+ ?is sil5ce1 ,c4 ,amaf9ius arose & took ^u himself to speak2 on ! publi%+ ( ^: writ+s ! p 7 mov$1 & enli/$ !mselves *iefly "u ?is sect1 ei!r because ! doctr9e 0 m easily und]/ood1 or because !y 7 invit$ !reto by ! pleas+ ?\ghts ( amusem5t1 or t1 because !re 0 no?+ bett]1 !y laid hold ( :at 0 (f]$ !m4 ,& aft] ,amaf9ius1 :5 _m ( ! same s5tim5ts _h writt5 mu* ab\t !m1 ! ,py?agoreans spread ov] all ,italy3 b t ^! doctr9es %\ld be s easily und]/ood & approv$ ( by ! unle>n$ is a great pro( t !y 7 n writt5 ) any great subtlety1 & !y ?9k _! e/abli%m5t to be ow+ to ?is4 ,,iv4 ,b let e "o def5d 8 own op9ion1 = e "o is at lib]ty to *oose :at he likes3 ,i %all keep to my old cu/om2 &1 be+ "u no re/ra9t f ! laws ( any p>ticul> s*ool1 :i* 9 philosophy e "o mu/ necess>ily conf9e himself to1 ,i %all always inquire :at has ! mo/ probability 9 e "q1 & ?is sy/em1 :i* ,i h (t5 practis$ on o!r occasions1 ,i h adh]$ closely to 9 my ,tusculan ,disputations4 ,!re=e1 z ,i h acqua9t$ y ) ! disputations ( ! ?ree =m] days1 ?is book %all conclude ! discussion ( ! f\r? day4 ,:5 we _h come d[n into ! ,academy1 z we _h done ! =m] days1 ! bus9ess 0 c>ri$ on ?us3 ,m4 ,let any "o say1 :o pleases1 :at he w\ld wi% to h discuss$4 ,a4 ,i d n ?9k a wise man c possibly be free f e p]turbation ( m9d4 ,m4 ,he seem$ by ye/]day's disc\rse to be free f grief2 unless y agre$ ) u only to avoid tak+ up "t4 ,a4 ,n at all on t acc\nt1 = ,i 0 extremely satisfi$ ) y\r disc\rse4 ,m4 ,y d n ?9k1 !n1 t a wise man is subject to grief8 ,a4 ,no1 by no means4 ,m4 ,b if t _c disord] ! m9d ( a wise man1 no?+ else c4 ,= :at--c su* a man be di/urb$ by fe>8 ,fe> proce$s f ! same ?+s :5 abs5t :i* occasion grief :5 pres5t4 ,take away grief1 !n1 & y remove fe>4 ,! two rema9+ p]turbations are1 a joy elate above measure1 & lu/2 & if a wise man is n subject to ^!1 8 m9d w be always at re/4 ,a4 ,i am entirely ( t op9ion4 ,m4 ,:i*1 !n1 %all we d8 ,%all ,i imm$iately cr[d all my sails8 or %all ,i make use ( my o>s1 z if ,i 7 j endeavor+ to get cle> ( ! h>bor8 ,a4 ,:at is x t y mean1 = ,i d n exactly compreh5d y8 ,v4 ,m4 ,because1 ,*rysippus & ! ,/oics1 :5 !y discuss ! p]turbations ( ! m9d1 make great "p ( _! debate to consi/ 9 def9itions & di/9ctions2 :ile !y employ b few words on ! subject ( cur+ ! m9d1 & prev5t+ x f be+ disord]$4 ,:]eas ! ,p]ipatetics br+ a great _m ?+s to promote ! cure ( x1 b h no reg>d to _! ?orny p>titions & def9itions4 ,my "q1 !n1 01 :e!r ,i %\ld in/antly unfold ! sails ( my eloqu5ce1 or be cont5t = a :ile to make less way ) ! o>s ( logic8 ,a4 ,let x be s2 = by ! employm5t ( bo? ^! means ! subject ( our inquiry w be m ?or\ghly discuss$4 ,m4 ,x is c]ta9ly ! bett] way2 & %\ld any?+ be too obscure1 y may exam9e t aft]w>d4 ,a4 ,i w d s2 b ^? v obscure po9ts y w1 z usual1 deliv] ) m cle>ness ?an ! ,greeks4 ,m4 ,i w1 inde$1 endeavor to d s2 b x well requires great att5tion1 le/1 by los+ "o ^w1 ! :ole %\ld escape y4 ,:at ! ,greeks call ,greek3 pa? we *oose to "n p]turbations 7or disord]s7 r ?an diseases2 9 expla9+ :i*1 ,i %all foll[1 fir/1 t v old description ( ,py?agoras1 & aft]w>d t ( ,plato2 = !y bo? divide ! m9d into two p>ts1 & make "o ( ^! p>take ( reason1 & ! o!r !y repres5t )\t x4 ,9 t :i* p>takes ( reason !y place tranquillity1 t is to say1 a placid & undi/urb$ con/ancy2 to ! o!r !y assign ! turbid motions ( ang] & desire1 :i* are contr>y & opposite to reason4 ,let ?is1 !n1 be our pr9ciple1 ! spr+ ( all our reason+s4 ,b not)/&+1 ,i %all use ! p>titions & def9itions ( ! ,/oics 9 describ+ ^! p]turbations2 :o seem to me to h %[n v great acut5ess on ?is "q4 ,,vi4 ,z5o's def9ition1 !n1 is ?is3 ,a p]turbation 7:i* he calls a ,greek3 pa?os7 is a commotion ( ! m9d repugnant to reason1 & aga9/ nature4 ,"s ( !m def9e x ev5 m briefly1 say+ t a p]turbation is a some:at too vehem5t appetite2 b by too vehem5t !y mean an appetite t rec$es fur!r f ! con/ancy ( nature4 ,b !y w\ld h ! divisions ( p]turbations to arise f two imag9$ goods1 & f two imag9$ evils2 & ?us !y become f\r3 f ! good proce$ lu/ & joy--joy hav+ ref]5ce to "s pres5t good1 & lu/ to "s future "o4 ,!y suppose fe> & grief to proce$ f evils3 fe> f some?+ future1 grief f some?+ pres5t2 = :atev] ?+s are dread$ z approa*+ always occasion grief :5 pres5t4 ,b joy & lu/ dep5d on ! op9ion ( good2 z lu/1 be+ inflam$ & provok$1 is c>ri$ on eag]ly t[>ds :at has ! appe>ance ( good2 & joy is transport$ & exults on obta9+ :at 0 desir$3 = we naturally pursue ^? ?+s t h ! appe>ance ( good1 & avoid ! contr>y4 ,:]e=e1 z soon z any?+ t has ! appe>ance ( good pres5ts itself1 nature incites u to endeavor to obta9 x4 ,n[1 :]e ?is /rong desire is consi/5t & f\nd$ on prud5ce1 x is by ! ,/oics call$ ,greek3 b\lsis1 & ! "n :i* we give x is volition2 & ?is !y all[ to none b _! wise man1 & def9e x ?us3 ,volition is a reasonable desire2 b :atev] is incit$ too viol5tly 9 opposition to reason1 t is a lu/1 or an unbridl$ desire1 :i* is discov]able 9 all fools4 ,&1 !re=e1 :5 we are affect$ s z to be plac$ 9 any good condition1 we are mov$ 9 two ways2 = :5 ! m9d is mov$ 9 a placid & calm motion1 consi/5t ) reason1 t is call$ joy2 b :5 x exults ) a va91 wanton exultation1 or immod]ate joy1 !n t feel+ may be call$ immod]ate ec/asy or transport1 :i* !y def9e to be an elation ( ! m9d )\t reason4 ,& z we naturally desire good ?+s1 s 9 l mann] we naturally seek to avoid :at is evil2 & ?is avoidance ( :i*1 if conduct$ 9 accordance ) reason1 is call$ caution2 & ?is ! wise man alone is suppos$ to h3 b t caution :i* is n "u ! guidance ( reason1 b is att5d$ ) a base & l[ dejection1 is call$ fe>4 ,fe> is1 !re=e1 caution de/itute ( reason4 ,b a wise man is n affect$ by any pres5t evil2 :ile ! grief ( a fool proce$s f be+ affect$ ) an imag9>y evil1 by :i* 8 m9d is contract$ & sunk1 s9ce x is n "u ! dom9ion ( reason4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! fir/ def9ition1 :i* makes grief to consi/ 9 a %r9k+ ( ! m9d contr>y to ! dictates ( reason4 ,?us1 !re are f\r p]turbations1 & b ?ree calm rational emotions2 = grief has no exact opposite4 ,,vii4 ,b !y insi/ ^u x t all p]turbations dep5d on op9ion & judgm5t2 !re=e !y def9e !m m /rictly1 9 ord] n only ! bett] to %[ h[ blamable !y are1 b to discov] h[ mu* !y are 9 our p[]4 ,grief1 !n1 is a rec5t op9ion ( "s pres5t evil1 9 :i* x seems to be "r t ! m9d %\ld %r9k & be deject$4 ,joy is a rec5t op9ion ( a pres5t good1 9 :i* x seems to be "r t ! m9d %\ld be elat$4 ,fe> is an op9ion ( an imp5d+ evil :i* we appreh5d w be intol]able4 ,lu/ is an op9ion ( a good to come1 :i* w\ld be ( advantage 7 x already come1 & pres5t ) u4 ,b h[ev] ,i h nam$ ! judgm5ts & op9ions ( p]turbations1 _! mean+ is1 n t m]ely ! p]turbations consi/ 9 !m1 b t ! effects likewise ( ^! p]turbations d s2 z grief occasions a k9d ( pa9ful prick+1 & fe> eng5d]s a recoil or sudd5 ab&onm5t ( ! m9d1 joy gives rise to a pr(use mir?1 :ile lu/ is ! p>5t ( an unbridl$ habit ( covet+4 ,b t imag9ation1 :i* ,i h includ$ 9 all ! above def9itions1 !y w\ld h to consi/ 9 ass5t+ )\t w>rantable gr\nds4 ,n[1 e p]turbation has _m subord9ate p>ts annex$ to x ( ! same k9d4 ,grief is att5d$ ) envi\sness 7invid5tia7--,i use t ^w = in/ruction's sake1 ?\gh x is n s common2 because envy 7invidia7 takes 9 n only ! p]son :o envies1 b ! p]son1 too1 :o is envi$--emulation1 detraction1 pity1 vexation1 m\rn+1 sadness1 tribulation1 sorr[1 lam5tation1 solicitude1 disquiet ( m9d1 pa91 despair1 & _m o!r simil> feel+s are s too4 ,"u fe> are compreh5d$ slo?1 %ame1 t]ror1 c[>dice1 fa9t+1 confusion1 a/oni%m5t4 ,9 pleasure !y compreh5d malevol5ce--t is1 pleas$ at ano!r's mis=tune--delight1 boa/fulness1 & ! l4 ,to lu/ !y associate ang]1 fury1 hatr$1 enmity1 discord1 wants1 desire1 & o!r feel+s ( t k9d4 ,b !y def9e ^! 9 ?is mann]3 ,,viii4 ,envi\sness 7invid5tia71 !y say1 is a grief aris+ f ! prosp]\s circum/ances ( ano!r1 :i* are 9 no degree injuri\s to ! p]son :o envies2 = :]e any "o grieves at ! prosp]ity ( ano!r1 by :i* he is injur$1 su* a "o is n prop]ly said to envy--z :5 ,agamemnon grieves at ,hector's success2 b :]e any "o1 :o is 9 no way hurt by ! prosp]ity ( ano!r1 is 9 pa9 at 8 success1 su* a "o envies inde$4 ,n[ ! "n emulation is tak5 9 a d\ble s5se1 s t ! same ^w may /& = praise & dispraise3 = ! imitation ( virtue is call$ emulation 7h[ev]1 t s5se ( x ,i %all h no occasion = "h1 = t c>ries praise ) x72 b emulation is also a t]m appli$ to grief at ano!r's enjoy+ :at ,i desir$ to h1 & am )\t4 ,detraction 7& ,i mean by t1 jeal\sy7 is a grief ev5 at ano!r's enjoy+ :at ,i _h a great incl9ation =4 ,pity is a grief at ! mis]y ( ano!r :o suff]s wrongfully2 = no "o is mov$ by pity at ! puni%m5t ( a p>ricide or ( a betray] ( 8 c\ntry4 ,vexation is a press+ grief4 ,m\rn+ is a grief at ! bitt] dea? ( "o :o 0 de> to y4 ,sadness is a grief att5d$ ) te>s4 ,tribulation is a pa9ful grief4 ,sorr[1 an excruciat+ grief4 ,lam5tation1 a grief :]e we l\dly bewail ourselves4 ,solicitude1 a p5sive grief4 ,tr\ble1 a cont9u$ grief4 ,affliction1 a grief t h>asses ! body4 ,despair1 a grief t excludes all hope ( bett] ?+s to come4 ,b ^? feel+s :i* are includ$ "u fe>1 !y def9e ?us3 ,!re is slo?1 :i* is a dread ( "s ensu+ labor2 %ame & t]ror1 :i* affect ! body--h5ce blu%+ att5ds %ame2 a pal5ess1 & tremor1 & *att]+ ( ! tee? att5d t]ror--c[>dice1 :i* is an appreh5sion ( "s approa*+ evil2 dread1 a fe> t unh+es ! m9d1 :5ce comes t l9e ( ,ennius1 ,!n dread dis*>g$ all wisdom f my m9d2 fa9t+ is ! associate & con/ant att5dant on dread2 confusion1 a fe> t drives away all ?\ght2 al>m1 a cont9u$ fe>4 ,,ix4 ,! diff]5t species into :i* !y divide pleasure come "u ?is description2 s t malevol5ce is a pleasure 9 ! mis=tunes ( ano!r1 )\t any advantage to y\rself2 delight1 a pleasure t soo!s ! m9d by agreeable impressions on ! e>4 ,:at is said ( ! e> may be appli$ to ! sight1 to ! t\*1 smell1 & ta/e4 ,all feel+s ( ?is k9d are a sort ( melt+ pleasure t dissolves ! m9d4 ,boa/fulness is a pleasure t consi/s 9 mak+ an appe>ance1 & sett+ (f y\rself ) insol5ce4--,! subord9ate species ( lu/ !y def9e 9 ?is mann]3 ,ang] is a lu/ ( puni%+ any "o :o1 z we imag9e1 has injur$ u )\t cause4 ,heat is ang] j =m+ & beg9n+ to exi/1 :i* ! ,greeks call ,greek3 ?ymsis4 ,hatr$ is a settl$ ang]4 ,enmity is ang] wait+ = an opportunity ( rev5ge4 ,discord is a %>p] ang] conceiv$ deeply 9 ! m9d & he>t4 ,want an insatiable lu/4 ,regret is :5 "o eag]ly wi%es to see a p]son :o is abs5t4 ,n[ "h !y h a di/9ction2 s t ) !m regret is a lu/ conceiv$ on he>+ ( c]ta9 ?+s report$ ( "s "o1 or ( _m1 :i* ! ,greeks call ,greek3 katgormata1 or pr$icam5ts2 z t !y are 9 possession ( ri*es & honors3 b want is a lu/ = ^? v honors & ri*es4 ,b ^! def9]s make intemp]ance ! f\nta9 ( all ^! p]turbations2 :i* is an absolute revolt f ! m9d & "r reason--a /ate s av]se to all rules ( reason t ! appetites ( ! m9d c by no means be gov]n$ & re/ra9$4 ,z1 !re=e1 temp]ance appeases ^! desires1 mak+ !m obey "r reason1 & ma9ta9s ! well-weigh$ judgm5ts ( ! m9d1 s intemp]ance1 :i* is 9 opposition to ?is1 inflames1 conf\nds1 & puts e /ate ( ! m9d into a viol5t motion4 ,?us1 grief & fe>1 & e o!r p]turbation ( ! m9d1 h _! rise f intemp]ance4 ,x4 ,j z di/emp]s & sickness are br$ 9 ! body f ! corruption ( ! blood1 & ! too great abundance ( phlegm & bile1 s ! m9d is depriv$ ( its heal?1 & disord]$ ) sickness1 f a confusion ( deprav$ op9ions t are 9 opposition to "o ano!r4 ,f ^! p]turbations arise1 fir/1 diseases1 :i* !y call ,greek3 nosmata2 & also ^? feel+s :i* are 9 opposition to ^! diseases1 & :i* admit c]ta9 faulty di/a/es or loa?+s2 !n come sicknesses1 :i* are call$ ,greek3 arrh/mata by ! ,/oics1 & ^! two h _! opposite av]sions4 ,"h ! ,/oics1 especially ,*rysippus1 give !mselves unnecess>y tr\ble to %[ ! analogy :i* ! diseases ( ! m9d h to ^? ( ! body3 b1 ov]look+ all t !y say z ( little consequ5ce1 ,i %all treat only ( ! ?+ itself4 ,let u1 !n1 und]/& p]turbation to imply a re/lessness f ! v>iety & confusion ( contradictory op9ions2 & t :5 ?is heat & di/urbance ( ! m9d is ( any /&+1 & has tak5 up its resid5ce1 z x 71 9 ! ve9s & m>r[1 !n comm5ce diseases & sickness1 & ^? av]sions :i* are 9 opposition to ^! diseases & sicknesses4 ,,xi4 ,:at ,i say "h may be di/+ui%$ 9 ?\ght1 ?\gh !y are 9 fact ! same2 inasmu* z !y bo? h _! rise f lu/ & joy4 ,= %\ld money be ! object ( our desire1 & %\ld we n in/antly apply to reason1 z if x 7 a k9d ( ,socratic m$ic9e to heal ?is desire1 ! evil glides into our ve9s1 & cleaves to our b[els1 & f !nce proce$s a di/emp] or sickness1 :i*1 :5 x is ( any cont9uance1 is incurable1 & ! "n ( ?is disease is covet\sness4 ,x is ! same ) o!r diseases2 z ! desire ( glory1 a passion = wom51 to :i* ! ,greeks give ! "n ( ,greek3 philogyneia3 & ?us all o!r diseases & sicknesses are g5]at$4 ,b ^? feel+s :i* are ! contr>y ( ^! are suppos$ to h fe> = _! f\ndation1 z a hatr$ ( wom51 su* z is display$ 9 ! ,woman-hat] ( ,atilius2 or ! hatr$ ( ! :ole human species1 z ,timon is report$ to h done1 :om !y call ! ,misan?rope4 ,( ! same k9d is inhospitality4 ,& all ^! diseases proce$ f a c]ta9 dread ( su* ?+s z !y hate & avoid4 ,b !y def9e sickness ( m9d to be an ov]we5+ op9ion1 & t fix$ & deeply implant$ 9 ! he>t1 ( some?+ z v desirable :i* is by no means s4 ,:at proce$s f av]sion1 !y def9e ?us3 a vehem5t idea ( some?+ to be avoid$1 deeply implant$1 & inh]5t 9 our m9ds1 :5 !re is no reason = avoid+ x2 & ?is k9d ( op9ion is a delib]ate belief t "o und]/&s ?+s ( :i* "o is :olly ignorant4 ,n[1 sickness ( ! m9d has all ^! subord9ate divisions3 av>ice1 ambition1 fondness = wom51 ob/9acy1 gluttony1 drunk5ness1 covet\sness1 & o!r simil> vices4 ,b av>ice is a viol5t op9ion ab\t money1 z if x 7 vehem5tly to be desir$ & s\ght aft]1 :i* op9ion is deeply implant$ & inh]5t 9 our m9ds2 & ! def9ition ( all ! o!r simil> feel+s resembles ^!4 ,b ! def9itions ( av]sions are ( ?is sort3 inhospitality is a vehem5t op9ion1 deeply implant$ & inh]5t 9 y\r m9d1 t y %\ld avoid a /rang]4 ,?us1 too1 ! hatr$ ( wom51 l t felt by ,hippolytus1 is def9$2 & ! hatr$ ( ! human species l t display$ by ,timon4 ,,xii4 ,b to come to ! analogy ( ! /ate ( body & m9d1 :i* ,i %all sometimes make use (1 ?\gh m sp>+ly ?an ! ,/oics4 ,"s m5 are m incl9$ to p>ticul> disord]s ?an o!rs2 &1 !re=e1 we say t "s p are rheumatic1 o!rs dropsical1 n because !y are s at pres5t1 b because !y are (t5 s3 "s are incl9$ to fe>1 o!rs to "s o!r p]turbation4 ,?us 9 "s !re is a cont9ual anxiety1 ow+ to :i* !y are anxi\s2 9 "s a ha/9ess ( temp]1 :i* diff]s f ang]1 z anxiety diff]s f angui%3 = all are n anxi\s :o are sometimes vex$1 nor are !y :o are anxi\s always uneasy 9 t mann]3 z !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 be+ drunk & drunk5ness2 & x is "o ?+ to be a lov]1 ano!r to be giv5 to wom54 ,& ?is disposition ( p>ticul> p to p>ticul> disord]s is v common3 = x relates to all p]turbations2 x appe>s 9 _m vices1 ?\gh x has no "n4 ,"s are1 !re=e1 said to be envi\s1 malevol5t1 spiteful1 fe>ful1 pitiful1 f a prop5sity to ^? p]turbations1 n f _! be+ always c>ri$ away by !m4 ,n[ ?is prop5sity to ^! p>ticul> disord]s may be call$ a sickness f analogy ) ! body2 mean+1 t is to say1 no?+ m ?an a prop5sity t[>ds sickness4 ,b ) reg>d to :atev] is good1 z "s are m incl9$ to diff]5t good qualities ?an o!rs1 we may call ?is a facility or t5d5cy3 ?is t5d5cy to evil is a proclivity or incl9ation to fall+2 b :]e any?+ is nei!r good nor bad1 x may h ! =m] "n4 ,,xiii4 ,ev5 z !re may be1 ) respect to ! body1 a disease1 a sickness1 & a defect1 s x is ) ! m9d4 ,!y call t a disease :]e ! :ole body is corrupt$2 !y call t sickness :]e a disease is att5d$ ) a weakness1 & t a defect :]e ! p>ts ( ! body are n well compact$ toge!r2 f :5ce x foll[s t ! memb]s are mis%ap51 crook$1 & de=m$4 ,s t ^! two1 a disease & sickness1 proce$ f a viol5t concussion & p]turbation ( ! heal? ( ! :ole body2 b a defect discov]s itself ev5 :5 ! body is 9 p]fect heal?4 ,b a disease ( ! m9d is di/+ui%able only 9 ?\ght f a sickness4 ,b a vici\sness is a habit or affection discordant & inconsi/5t ) itself ?r\gh life4 ,?us x happ5s t1 9 ! "o case1 a disease & sickness may arise f a corruption ( op9ions2 9 ! o!r case1 ! consequ5ce may be incon/ancy & inconsi/5cy4 ,= e vice ( ! m9d does n imply a disunion ( p>ts2 z is ! case ) ^? :o are n f> f be+ wise m54 ,) !m !re is t affection :i* is inconsi/5t ) itself :ile x is fooli%2 b x is n di/ort$1 nor deprav$4 ,b diseases & sicknesses are p>ts ( vici\sness2 b x is a "q :e!r p]turbations are p>ts ( ! same1 = vices are p]man5t affections3 p]turbations are su* z are re/less2 s t !y _c be p>ts ( p]man5t ones4 ,z !re is "s analogy betwe5 ! nature ( ! body & m9d 9 evil1 s is !re 9 good2 = ! di/9ctions ( ! body are beauty1 /r5g?1 heal?1 firmness1 quickness ( motion3 ! same may be said ( ! m9d4 ,! body is said to be 9 a good /ate :5 all ^? ?+s on :i* heal? dep5ds are consi/5t3 ! same may be said ( ! m9d :5 its judgm5ts & op9ions are n at v>iance ) "o ano!r4 ,& ?is union is ! virtue ( ! m9d1 :i*1 accord+ to "s p1 is temp]ance itself2 o!rs make x consi/ 9 an ob$i5ce to ! precepts ( temp]ance1 & a compliance ) !m1 n all[+ x to be any di/9ct species ( itself4 ,b1 be x "o or ! o!r1 x is to be f\nd only 9 a wise man4 ,b !re is a c]ta9 s\ndness ( m9d1 :i* ev5 a fool may h1 :5 ! p]turbation ( 8 m9d is remov$ by ! c>e & managem5t ( 8 physicians4 ,& z :at is call$ beauty arises f an exact proportion ( ! limbs1 toge!r ) a c]ta9 sweetness ( complexion1 s ! beauty ( ! m9d consi/s 9 an equality & con/ancy ( op9ions & judgm5ts1 jo9$ to a c]ta9 firmness & /ability1 pursu+ virtue1 or conta9+ )9 itself ! v ess5ce ( virtue4 ,besides1 we give ! v same names to ! faculties ( ! m9d z we d to ! p[]s ( ! body1 ! n]ves1 & o!r p[]s ( action4 ,?us ! velocity ( ! body is call$ swiftness3 a praise :i* we ascribe to ! m9d1 f its runn+ ov] 9 its ?\ghts s _m ?+s 9 s %ort a "t4 ,,xiv4 ,h]e91 inde$1 ! m9d & body are unlike3 t ?\gh ! m9d :5 9 p]fect heal? may be visit$ by sickness1 z ! body may1 yet ! body may be disord]$ )\t our fault2 ! m9d _c4 ,= all ! disord]s & p]turbations ( ! m9d proce$ f a neglect ( reason2 ^! disord]s1 !re=e1 are conf9$ to m53 ! bea/s are n subject to su* p]turbations1 ?\gh !y act sometimes z if !y _h reason4 ,!re is a diff]5ce1 too1 betwe5 +5i\s & dull m52 ! +5i\s1 l ! ,cor9?ian brass1 :i* is long be=e x receives ru/1 are long] be=e !y fall into ^! p]turbations1 & are recov]$ soon]3 ! case is diff]5t ) ! dull4 ,nor does ! m9d ( an +5i\s man fall into e k9d ( p]turbation1 = x nev] yields to any t are bruti% & savage2 & "s ( _! p]turbations h at fir/ ev5 ! appe>ance ( humanity1 z m]cy1 grief1 & fe>4 ,b ! sicknesses & diseases ( ! m9d are ?\ght to be h>d] to eradicate ?an ^? lead+ vices :i* are 9 opposition to virtues2 = vices may be remov$1 ?\gh ! diseases ( ! m9d %\ld cont9ue1 :i* diseases are n cur$ ) t exp$ition ) :i* vices are remov$4 ,i h n[ acqua9t$ y ) ! argum5ts :i* ! ,/oics put =? ) su* exactness2 :i* !y call logic1 f _! close argu+3 & s9ce my disc\rse has got cle> ( ^! rocks1 ,i w proce$ ) ! rema9d] ( x1 provid$ ,i h be5 suffici5tly cle> 9 :at ,i h already said1 consid]+ ! obscurity ( ! subject ,i h treat$4 ,a4 ,cle> en\gh2 b %\ld !re be occasion = a m exact inquiry1 ,i %all take ano!r opportunity ( ask+ y4 ,i expect y n[ to hoi/ y\r sails1 z y j n[ call$ !m1 & proce$ on y\r c\rse4 ,,xv4 ,m4 ,s9ce ,i h spok5 be=e ( virtue 9 o!r places1 & %all (t5 h occasion to speak aga9 7= a great _m que/ions t relate to life & mann]s arise f ! spr+ ( virtue72 & s9ce1 z ,i say1 virtue consi/s 9 a settl$ & uni=m affection ( m9d1 mak+ ^? p]sons praisewor?y :o are possess$ ( h]1 %e h]self also1 indep5d5t ( any?+ else1 )\t reg>d to any advantage1 mu/ be praisewor?y2 = f h] proce$ good incl9ations1 op9ions1 actions1 & ! :ole ( "r reason2 ?\gh virtue may be def9$ 9 a few words to be "r reason itself4 ,! opposite to ?is is vici\sness 7= s ,i *oose to translate :at ! ,greeks call ,greek3 kakia1 r ?an by p]v]s5ess2 = p]v]s5ess is ! "n ( a p>ticul> vice2 b vici\sness includes all71 f :5ce arise ^? p]turbations :i*1 z ,i j n[ said1 are turbid & viol5t motions ( ! m9d1 repugnant to reason1 & enemies 9 a high degree to ! peace ( ! m9d & a tranquil life1 = !y introduce pi]c+ & anxi\s c>es1 & afflict & debilitate ! m9d ?r\gh fe>2 !y viol5tly inflame our he>ts ) exagg]at$ appetite1 :i* is 9 reality an impot5ce ( m9d1 utt]ly irreconcilable ) temp]ance & mod]ation1 :i* we sometimes call desire1 & sometimes lu/1 & :i*1 %\ld x ev5 atta9 ! object ( its wi%es1 imm$iately becomes s elat$ t x loses all its resolution1 & kn[s n :at to pursue2 s t he 0 9 ! "r :o said t exagg]at$ pleasure 0 ! v greate/ ( mi/akes4 ,virtue1 !n1 alone c effect ! cure ( ^! evils4 ,,xvi4 ,= :at is n only m mis]able1 b m base & sordid1 ?an a man afflict$1 weak5$1 & oppress$ ) grief8 ,& little %ort ( ?is mis]y is "o :o dreads "s approa*+ evil1 & :o1 ?r\gh fa9!>t$ness1 is "u cont9ual susp5se4 ,! poets1 to express ! greatness ( ?is evil1 imag9e a /one to hang ov] ! head ( ,tantalus1 z a puni%m5t = 8 wick$ness1 8 pride1 & 8 boa/+4 ,& ?is is ! common puni%m5t ( folly2 = !re hangs ov] ! head ( e "o ^: m9d revolts f reason "s simil> fe>4 ,& z ^! p]turbations ( ! m9d1 grief & fe>1 are ( a mo/ wa/+ nature1 s ^? two o!rs1 ?\gh ( a m m]ry ca/ 7,i mean lu/1 :i* is always covet+ some?+ ) eag]ness1 & empty mir?1 :i* is an exult+ joy71 diff] v little f madness4 ,h5ce y may und]/& :at sort ( p]son he is :om we call at "o "t mod]ate1 at ano!r mode/ or temp]ate1 at ano!r con/ant & virtu\s2 :ile sometimes we include all ^! names 9 ! ^w frugality1 z ! cr[n ( all2 = if t ^w did n include all virtues1 x w\ld nev] h be5 prov]bial to say t a frugal man does ev]y?+ rightly4 ,b :5 ! ,/oics apply ?is say+ to _! wise man1 !y seem to exalt him too mu*1 & to speak ( him ) too mu* admiration4 ,,xvii4 ,:oev]1 !n1 ?r\gh mod]ation & con/ancy1 is at re/ 9 8 m9d1 & 9 calm possession ( himself1 s z nei!r to p9e ) c>e1 nor be deject$ ) fe>1 nor to be inflam$ ) desire1 covet+ some?+ gre$ily1 nor relax$ by extravagant mir?--su* a man is t id5tical wise man :om we are inquir+ =3 he is ! happy man1 to :om no?+ 9 ?is life seems intol]able en\gh to depress him2 no?+ exquisite en\gh to transport him unduly4 ,= :at is !re 9 ?is life t c appe> great to him :o has acqua9t$ himself ) et]nity & ! utmo/ ext5t ( ! univ]se8 ,= :at is !re 9 human k1 or ! %ort span ( ?is life1 t c appe> great to a wise man8 ^: m9d is always s ^u its gu>d t no?+ c befall him :i* is un=ese51 no?+ :i* is unexpect$1 no?+1 9 %ort1 :i* is new4 ,su* a man takes s exact a survey on all sides ( him1 t he always kn[s ! prop] place & spot to live 9 free f all ! tr\bles & annoyances ( life1 & enc\nt]s e accid5t t =tune c br+ ^u him ) a becom+ calmness4 ,:oev] conducts himself 9 ?is mann] w be free f grief1 & f e o!r p]turbation2 & a m9d free f ^! feel+s r5d]s m5 completely happy2 :]eas a m9d disord]$ & drawn (f f "r & un]r+ reason loses at once1 n only its resolution1 b its heal?4--,!re=e ! ?\ghts & decl>ations ( ! ,p]ipatetics are s(t & effem9ate1 = !y say t ! m9d mu/ necess>ily be agitat$1 b at ! same "t !y lay d[n c]ta9 b\nds beyond :i* t agitation is n to proce$4 ,& d y set b\nds to vice8 or is x no vice to disobey reason8 ,does n reason suffici5tly decl>e t !re is no real good :i* y %\ld desire too ard5tly1 or ! possession ( :i* y %\ld all[ to transport y8 & t !re is no evil t %\ld be able to ov]:elm y1 or ! suspicion ( :i* %\ld di/ract y8 & t all ^! ?+s assume too melan*oly or too *e]ful an appe>ance ?r\gh our own error8 ,b if fools f9d ?is error less5$ by "t1 s t1 ?\gh ! cause rema9s ! same1 !y are n affect$1 9 ! same mann]1 aft] "s "t1 z !y 7 at fir/1 :y1 surely a wise man ought n to be influ5c$ at all by x4 ,b :at are ^? degrees by :i* we are to limit x8 ,let u fix ^! degrees 9 grief1 a difficult subject1 & "o mu* canvass$4--,fannius writes t ,p4 ,rutilius took x mu* to he>t t 8 bro!r 0 refus$ ! consul%ip2 b he seems to h be5 too mu* affect$ by ?is disappo9tm5t1 = x 0 ! occasion ( 8 dea?3 he ought1 !re=e1 to h borne x ) m mod]ation4 ,b let u suppose t :ile he 0 be>+ ?is ) mod]ation1 ! dea? ( 8 *ildr5 _h int]v5$2 "h w\ld h />t$ a fre% grief1 :i*1 admitt+ x to be mod]ate 9 itself1 yet /ill mu/ h be5 a great addition to ! o!r4 ,n[1 to ^! let u add "s acute pa9s ( body1 ! loss ( 8 =tune1 bl9dness1 bani%m5t4 ,suppos+1 !n1 ea* sep>ate mis=tune to occasion a sep>ate additional grief1 ! :ole w\ld be too great to be supportable4 ,,xviii4 ,! man :o attempts to set b\nds to vice acts l "o :o %\ld ?r[ himself headlong f ,leucate1 p]suad$ t he c\ld /op himself :5ev] he pleas$4 ,n[1 z t is impossible1 s a p]turb$ & disord]$ m9d _c re/ra9 itself1 & /op :]e x pleases4 ,c]ta9ly :atev] is bad 9 its increase is bad 9 its bir?4 ,n[ grief & all o!r p]turbations are d\btless baneful 9 _! progress1 & h1 !re=e1 no small %>e ( evil at ! beg9n+2 = !y g on ( !mselves :5 once !y dep>t f reason1 = e weakness is self-indulg5t1 & indiscreetly laun*es out1 & does n "k :]e to /op4 ,s t x makes no diff]5ce :e!r y approve ( mod]ate p]turbations ( m9d1 or ( mod]ate inju/ice1 mod]ate c[>dice1 & mod]ate intemp]ance2 = :oev] prescribes b\nds to vice admits a "p ( x1 :i*1 z x is odi\s ( itself1 becomes ! m s z x /&s on slipp]y gr\nd1 &1 be+ once set =w>d1 glides on headlong1 & _c by any means be /opp$4 ,,xix4 ,:y %\ld ,i say m8 ,:y %\ld ,i add t ! ,p]ipatetics say t ^! p]turbations1 :i* we insi/ ^u x %\ld be extirpat$1 are n only natural1 b 7 giv5 to m5 by nature = a good purpose8 ,!y usually talk 9 ?is mann]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y say mu* 9 praise ( ang]2 !y call x ! :et/one ( c\rage1 & !y say t angry m5 ex]t !mselves mo/ aga9/ an enemy or aga9/ a bad citiz53 t ^? reasons are ( little weight :i* are ! motives ( m5 :o ?9k ?us1 z--x is a j w>2 x becomes u to fight = our laws1 our lib]ties1 our c\ntry3 !y w all[ no =ce to ^! argum5ts unless our c\rage is w>m$ by ang]4--,nor d !y conf9e _! argum5t to w>riors2 b _! op9ion is t no "o c issue any rigid comm&s )\t "s bitt]ness & ang]4 ,9 %ort1 !y h no notion ( an orator ei!r accus+ or ev5 def5d+ a cli5t )\t he is spurr$ on by ang]4 ,& ?\gh ?is ang] %\ld n be real1 /ill !y ?9k 8 words & ge/ures ought to we> ! appe>ance ( x1 s t ! action ( ! orator may excite ! ang] ( 8 he>]4 ,& !y d5y t any man has ev] be5 se5 :o does n "k :at x is to be angry2 & !y "n :at we call l5ity by ! bad appellation ( indol5ce4 ,nor d !y comm5d only ?is lu/ 7= ang] is1 z ,i def9$ x above1 ! lu/ ( rev5ge71 b !y ma9ta9 t k9d ( lu/ or desire to be giv5 u by nature = v good purposes1 say+ t no "o c execute any?+ well b :at he is 9 e>ne/ ab\t4 ,!mi/ocles us$ to walk 9 ! public places 9 ! night because he c\ld n sleep2 & :5 ask$ ! reason1 8 answ] 01 t ,miltiades's trophies kept him awake4 ,:o has n he>d h[ ,demo/h5es us$ to wat*1 :o said t x gave him pa9 if any me*anic 0 up 9 a morn+ at 8 "w be=e him8 ,la/ly1 !y urge t "s ( ! greate/ philosoph]s w\ld nev] h made t progress 9 _! /udies )\t "s ard5t desire spurr+ !m on4--,we are in=m$ t ,py?agoras1 ,democritus1 & ,plato visit$ ! remote/ p>ts ( ! _w2 = !y ?\ght t !y ought to g :]ev] any?+ 0 to be le>n$4 ,n[1 x is n conceivable t ^! ?+s c\ld be effect$ by any?+ b by ! greate/ ardor ( m9d4 ,,xx4 ,!y say t ev5 grief1 :i* we h already said ought to be avoid$ z a mon/r\s & fi]ce bea/1 0 appo9t$ by nature1 n )\t "s good purpose1 9 ord] t m5 %\ld lam5t :5 !y _h committ$ a fault1 well kn[+ !y _h expos$ !mselves to correction1 rebuke1 & ignom9y2 = !y ?9k t ^? :o c be> ignom9y & infamy )\t pa9 h acquir$ a complete impunity = all sorts ( crimes2 = ) !m reproa* is a /rong] *eck ?an consci5ce4 ,f :5ce we h t sc5e 9 ,afranius borr[$ f common life2 = :5 ! ab&on$ son sai?1 ,wret*$ t ,i am6 ! sev]e fa!r replies1 ,let him b grieve1 no matt] :at ! cause4 ,& !y say ! o!r divisions ( sorr[ h _! use2 t pity incites u to ha/5 to ! assi/ance ( o!rs1 & to alleviate ! calamities ( m5 :o h undes]v$ly fall5 into !m2 t ev5 envy & detraction are n )\t _! use1 z :5 a man sees t ano!r p]son has atta9$ :at he _c1 or obs]ves ano!r to be equally successful ) himself2 t he :o %\ld take away fe> w\ld take away all indu/ry 9 life1 :i* ^? m5 ex]t 9 ! greate/ degree :o are afraid ( ! laws & ( ! magi/rates1 :o dread pov]ty1 ignom9y1 dea?1 & pa94 ,b :ile !y argue ?us1 !y all[ inde$ ( ^! feel+s be+ retr5*$1 ?\gh !y d5y t !y ei!r c or %\ld be pluck$ up by ! roots2 s t _! op9ion is t m$iocrity is be/ 9 ev]y?+4 ,:5 !y reason 9 ?is mann]1 :at ?9k y--is :at !y say wor? att5d+ to or n8 ,a4 ,i ?9k x is4 ,i wait1 !re=e1 to he> :at y w say 9 reply to !m4 ,,xxi4 ,m4 ,p]haps ,i may f9d some?+ to say2 b ,i w make ?is obs]vation fir/3 d y take notice ) :at mode/y ! ,academics behave !mselves8 = !y speak pla9ly to ! purpose4 ,! ,p]ipatetics are answ]$ by ! ,/oics2 !y h my leave to fight x out1 :o ?9k myself no o!rwise conc]n$ ?an to inquire = :at may seem to be mo/ probable4 ,our pres5t bus9ess is1 !n1 to see if we c meet ) any?+ 9 ?is "q :i* is ! probable1 = beyond su* approximation to tru? z t human nature _c proce$4 ,! def9ition ( a p]turbation1 z ,z5o1 ,i ?9k1 has rightly det]m9$ x1 is ?us3 ,t a p]turbation is a commotion ( ! m9d aga9/ nature1 9 opposition to "r reason2 or1 m briefly1 ?us1 t a p]turbation is a some:at too vehem5t appetite2 & :5 he says some:at too vehem5t1 he means su* z is at a great] di/ance f ! con/ant c\rse ( nature4 ,:at c ,i say to ^! def9itions8 ,! great] "p ( !m we h f ^? :o dispute ) sagacity & acut5ess3 "s ( !m expressions1 inde$1 su* z ! ardors ( ! m9d1 & ! :et/ones ( virtue1 savor+ ( ! pomp ( rhetoricians4 ,z to ! "q1 if a brave man c ma9ta9 8 c\rage )\t becom+ angry1 x may be que/ion$ ) reg>d to ! gladiators2 ?\gh we (t5 obs]ve mu* resolution ev5 9 !m3 !y meet1 conv]se1 !y make objections & dem&s1 !y agree ab\t t]ms1 s t !y seem calm r ?an angry4 ,b let u admit a man ( ! "n ( ,placideianus1 :o 0 "o ( t trade1 to be 9 su* a m9d1 z ,lucilius relates ( him1 ,if = 8 blood y ?ir/1 ! task be m9e2 ,8 laurels at my feet he %all resign2 ,n b ,i "k1 be=e ,i rea* 8 he>t1 ,fir/ on myself a w\nd he w imp>t4 ,i hate ! man2 enrag$ ,i fight1 & /raight ,9 action we _h be51 b t ,i wait ,till ea* 8 sword _h fitt$ to 8 h&4 ,my rage ,i sc>ce c keep )9 comm&4 ,,xxii4 ,b we see ,ajax 9 ,hom] advanc+ to meet ,hector 9 battle *e]fully1 )\t any ( ?is boi/]\s wra?4 ,= he _h no soon] tak5 up 8 arms ?an ! fir/ /ep :i* he made inspir$ 8 associates ) joy1 8 enemies ) fe>2 s t ev5 ,hector1 z he is repres5t$ by ,hom]1#di trembl+1 condemn$ himself = hav+ *all5g$ him to fight4 ,yet ^! h]oes conv]s$ toge!r1 calmly & quietly1 be=e !y engag$2 nor did !y %[ any ang] or outrage\s behavior dur+ ! combat4 ,nor d ,i imag9e t ,torquatus1 ! fir/ :o obta9$ ?is surname1 0 9 a rage :5 he plund]$ ! ,gaul ( 8 coll>2 or t ,m>cellus's c\rage at ,cla/idium 0 only ow+ to 8 ang]4 ,i c\ld almo/ swe> t ,africanus1 ) :om we are bett] acqua9t$1 f our recollection ( him be+ m rec5t1 0 n[ays inflam$ by ang] :5 he cov]$ ,ali5us ,pelignus ) 8 %ield1 & drove 8 sword into ! enemy's brea/4 ,!re may be "s d\bt ( ,l4 ,brutus1 :e!r he 0 n influ5c$ by extraord9>y hatr$ ( ! tyrant1 s z to attack ,aruns ) m ?an usual ra%ness2 = ,i obs]ve t !y mutually kill$ ea* o!r 9 close fight4 ,:y1 !n1 d y call 9 ! assi/ance ( ang]8 ,w\ld c\rage1 unless x began to get furi\s1 lose its en]gy8 ,:at6 d y imag9e t ,h]cules1 :om ! v c\rage :i* y w\ld try to repres5t z ang] rais$ to heav51 0 angry :5 he engag$ ! ,eryman?ian bo>1 or ! ,neman lion8 ,or 0 ,!seus 9 a passion :5 he seiz$ on ! horns ( ! ,m>a?onian bull8 ,take c>e h[ y make c\rage to dep5d 9 ! lea/ on rage4 ,= ang] is altoge!r irrational1 & t is n c\rage :i* is void ( reason4 ,,xxiii4 ,we ought to hold all ?+s "h 9 contempt2 dea? is to be look$ on ) indiff]5ce2 pa9s & labors mu/ be consid]$ z easily supportable4 ,& :5 ^! s5tim5ts are e/abli%$ on judgm5t & conviction1 !n w t /\t & firm c\rage take place2 unless y attribute to ang] :atev] is done ) vehem5ce1 alacrity1 & _s4 ,to me1 inde$1 t v ,scipio#ej :o 0 *ief prie/1 t favor] ( ! say+ ( ! ,/oics1 ,t no private man c\ld be a wise man1 does n seem to be angry ) ,tib]ius ,grac*us1 ev5 :5 he left ! consul 9 a hesitat+ frame ( m9d1 &1 ?\gh a private man himself1 comm&$1 ) ! au?ority ( a consul1 t all :o meant well to ! republic %\ld foll[ him4 ,i d n "k :e!r ,i h done any?+ 9 ! republic t has ! appe>ance ( c\rage2 b if ,i h1 ,i c]ta9ly did n d x 9 wra?4 ,do? any?+ come ne>] madness ?an ang]8 ,& inde$ ,ennius has well def9$ x z ! beg9n+ ( madness4 ,! *ang+ color1 ! alt]ation ( our voice1 ! look ( our eyes1 our mann] ( fet*+ our brea?1 ! little comm& we h ov] our words & actions1 h[ little d all ^! ?+s indicate a s\nd m9d6 ,:at c make a worse appe>ance ?an ,hom]'s ,a*illes1 or ,agamemnon1 dur+ ! qu>rel8 ,& z to ,ajax1 ang] drove him into d[nright madness1 & 0 ! occasion ( 8 dea?4 ,c\rage1 !re=e1 does n want ! assi/ance ( ang]2 x is suffici5tly provid$1 arm$1 & prep>$ ( itself4 ,we may z well say t drunk5ness or madness is ( s]vice to c\rage1 because ^? :o are mad or drunk (t5 d a great _m ?+s ) unusual vehem5ce4 ,ajax 0 always brave2 b /ill he 0 mo/ brave :5 he 0 9 t /ate ( fr5zy3 ,! greate/ feat t ,ajax e'er a*iev$ ,01 :5 8 s+le arm ! ,greeks reliev$4 ,quitt+ ! field2 urg$ on by ris+ rage1 ,=c$ ! decl9+ troops aga9 t'engage4 ,%all we say1 !n1 t madness has its use8 ,,xxiv4 ,exam9e ! def9itions ( c\rage3 y w f9d x does n require ! assi/ance ( passion4 ,c\rage is1 !n1 an affection ( m9d t endures all ?+s1 be+ itself 9 prop] subjection to ! highe/ ( all laws2 or x may be call$ a firm ma9t5ance ( judgm5t 9 support+ or repell+ ev]y?+ t has a =midable appe>ance1 or a k ( :at is =midable or o!rwise1 & ma9ta9+ inv>iably a /able judgm5t ( all su* ?+s1 s z to be> !m or despise !m2 or1 9 few] words1 accord+ to ,*rysippus 7= ! above def9itions are ,sphrus's1 a man ( ! fir/ ability z a lay]-d[n ( def9itions1 z ! ,/oics ?9k4 ,b !y are all pretty mu* alike3 !y give u only common notions1 "s "o way1 & "s ano!r74 ,b :at is ,*rysippus's def9ition8 ,=titude1 says he1 is ! k ( all ?+s t are be>able1 or an affection ( ! m9d :i* be>s & supports ev]y?+ 9 ob$i5ce to ! *ief law ( reason )\t fe>4 ,n[1 ?\gh we %\ld attack ^! m5 9 ! same mann] z ,c>neades us$ to d1 ,i fe> !y are ! only real philosoph]s2 = :i* ( ^! def9itions is !re :i* does n expla9 t obscure & intricate notion ( c\rage :i* e man conceives )9 himself8 ,& :5 x is ?us expla9$1 :at c a w>rior1 a comm&]1 or an orator want m8 ,& no "o c ?9k t !y w be unable to behave !mselves c\rage\sly )\t ang]4 ,:at6 d n ev5 ! ,/oics1 :o ma9ta9 t all fools are mad1 make ! same inf]5ces8 =1 take away p]turbations1 especially a ha/9ess ( temp]1 & !y w appe> to talk v absurdly4 ,b :at !y ass]t is ?is3 !y say t all fools are mad1 z all dunghills /9k2 n t !y always d s1 b /ir !m1 & y w p]ceive x4 ,& 9 l mann]1 a w>m-temp]$ man is n always 9 a passion2 b provoke him1 & y w see him run mad4 ,n[1 t v w>like ang]1 :i* is ( su* s]vice 9 w>1 :at is ! use ( x to him :5 he is at home ) 8 wife1 *ildr51 & family8 ,is !re1 !n1 any?+ t a di/urb$ m9d c d bett] ?an "o :i* is calm & /eady8 ,or c any "o be angry )\t a p]turbation ( m9d8 ,our p1 !n1 7 9 ! "r1 :o1 z all vices dep5d on our mann]s1 & no?+ is worse ?an a passionate disposition1 call$ angry m5 ! only morose m54#ea ,,xxv4 ,ang] is 9 no wise becom+ 9 an orator1 ?\gh x is n amiss to affect x4 ,d y imag9e t ,i am angry :5 9 plead+ ,i use any extraord9>y vehem5ce & %>pness8 ,:at6 :5 ,i write out my spee*es aft] all is ov] & pa/1 am ,i !n angry :ile writ+8 ,or d y ?9k sopus 0 ev] angry :5 he act$1 or ,accius 0 s :5 he wrote8 ,^? m51 inde$1 act v well1 b ! orator acts bett] ?an ! play]1 provid$ he be really an orator2 b1 !n1 !y c>ry x on )\t passion1 & ) a compos$ m9d4 ,b :at wantonness is x to comm5d lu/6 ,y produce ,!mi/ocles & ,demo/h5es2 to ^! y add ,py?agoras1 ,democritus1 & ,plato4 ,:at6 d y !n call /udies lu/8 ,b ^! /udies ( ! mo/ excell5t & admirable ?+s1 su* z ^? 7 :i* y br+ =w>d on all occasions1 ought to be compos$ & tranquil2 & :at k9d ( philosoph]s are !y :o comm5d grief1 ?an :i* no?+ is m dete/able8 ,afranius has said mu* to ?is purpose3 ,let him b grieve1 no matt] :at ! cause4 ,b he spoke ?is ( a debau*$ & dissolute y\?4 ,b we are inquir+ into ! conduct ( a con/ant & wise man4 ,we may ev5 all[ a c5turion or /&>d-be>] to be angry1 or any o!rs1 :om1 n to expla9 too f> ! my/]ies ( ! rhetoricians1 ,i %all n m5tion "h2 = to t\* ! passions1 :]e reason _c be come at1 may h its use2 b my inquiry1 z ,i (t5 repeat1 is ab\t a wise man4 ,,xxvi4 ,b ev5 envy1 detraction1 pity1 h _! use4 ,:y %\ld y pity r ?an assi/1 if x is 9 y\r p[] to d s8 ,is x because y _c be lib]al )\t pity8 ,we %\ld n take sorr[s on ourselves ^u ano!r's acc\nt2 b we ought to relieve o!rs ( _! grief if we c4 ,b to detract f ano!r's reputation1 or to rival him ) t vici\s emulation :i* resembles an enmity1 ( :at use c t conduct be8 ,n[1 envy implies be+ uneasy at ano!r's good because "o does n enjoy x "o's self2 b detraction is ! be+ uneasy at ano!r's good1 m]ely because he enjoys x4 ,h[ c x be "r t y %\ld volunt>ily grieve1 r ?an take ! tr\ble ( acquir+ :at y want to h8 = x is madness 9 ! highe/ degree to desire to be ! only "o t has any p>ticul> happ9ess4 ,b :o c ) correctness speak 9 praise ( a m$iocrity ( evils8 ,c any "o 9 :om !re is lu/ or desire be o!rwise ?an libid9\s or desir\s8 or c a man :o is occupi$ by ang] avoid be+ angry8 or c "o :o is expos$ to any vexation escape be+ vex$8 or if he is "u ! influ5ce ( fe>1 mu/ he n be fe>ful8 ,d we look1 !n1 on ! libid9\s1 ! angry1 ! anxi\s1 & ! timid man1 z p]sons ( wisdom1 ( excell5ce8 ( :i* ,i c\ld speak v copi\sly & diffusely1 b ,i wi% to be z concise z possible4 ,& s ,i w m]ely say t wisdom is an acqua9tance ) all div9e & human affairs1 & a k ( ! cause ( ev]y?+4 ,h5ce x is t x imitates :at is div9e1 & looks ^u all human conc]ns z inf]ior to virtue4 ,did y1 !n1 say t x 0 y\r op9ion t su* a man 0 z naturally liable to p]turbation z ! sea is expos$ to w9ds8 ,:at is !re t c discompose su* gravity & con/ancy8 ,any?+ sudd5 or un=ese58 ,h[ c any?+ ( ?is k9d befall "o to :om no?+ is sudd5 & un=ese5 t c happ5 to man8 ,n[1 z to _! say+ t r$undancies %\ld be p>$ (f1 & only :at is natural rema91 :at1 ,i pray y1 c be natural :i* may be too exub]ant8 ,,xxvii4 ,all ^! ass]tions proce$ f ! roots ( errors1 :i* mu/ be entirely pluck$ up & de/roy$1 n p>$ & amputat$4 ,b z ,i suspect t y\r inquiry is n s mu* respect+ ! wise man z conc]n+ y\rself 7= y all[ t he is free f all p]turbations1 & y w\ld will+ly be s too y\rself71 let u see :at rem$ies !re are :i* may be appli$ by philosophy to ! diseases ( ! m9d4 ,!re is c]ta9ly "s rem$y2 nor has nature be5 s unk9d to ! human race z to h discov]$ s _m ?+s salut>y to ! body1 & none :i* are m$ic9al to ! m9d4 ,%e has ev5 be5 k9d] to ! m9d ?an to ! body2 inasmu* z y mu/ seek abroad = ! assi/ance :i* ! body requires1 :ile ! m9d has all t x requires )9 itself4 ,b 9 proportion z ! excell5cy ( ! m9d is ( a high] & m div9e nature1 ! m dilig5ce does x require2 & !re=e reason1 :5 x is well appli$1 discov]s :at is be/1 b :5 x is neglect$1 x becomes involv$ 9 _m errors4 ,i %all apply1 !n1 all my disc\rse to y2 = ?\gh y pret5d to be inquir+ ab\t ! wise man1 y\r inquiry may possibly be ab\t y\rself4 ,v>i\s1 !n1 are ! cures ( ^? p]turbations :i* ,i h exp\nd$1 = e disord] is n to be appeas$ ! same way4 ,"o m$ic9e mu/ be appli$ to ! man :o m\rns1 ano!r to ! pitiful1 ano!r to ! p]son :o envies2 = !re is ?is diff]5ce to be ma9ta9$ 9 all ! f\r p]turbations3 we are to consid] :e!r our disc\rse _h bett] be direct$ to p]turbations 9 g5]al1 :i* are a contempt ( reason1 or a some:at too vehem5t appetite2 or :e!r x w\ld be bett] appli$ to p>ticul> descriptions1 z1 = in/ance1 to fe>1 lu/1 & ! re/1 & :e!r x appe>s pref]able to endeavor to remove t :i* has occasion$ ! grief1 or r to attempt :olly to eradicate e k9d ( grief4 ,z1 %\ld any "o grieve t he is poor1 ! "q is1 ,w\ld y ma9ta9 pov]ty to be no evil1 or w\ld y cont5d t a man ought n to grieve at any?+8 ,c]ta9ly ?is la/ is ! be/ c\rse2 = %\ld y n conv9ce him ) reg>d to pov]ty1 y mu/ all[ him to grieve2 b if y remove grief by p>ticul> argum5ts1 su* z ,i us$ ye/]day1 ! evil ( pov]ty is 9 "s mann] remov$4 ,,xxviii4 ,b any p]turbation ( ! m9d ( ?is sort may be1 z x 71 wip$ away by ! me?od ( appeas+ ! m9d1 if y succe$ 9 %[+ t !re is no good 9 t :i* has giv5 rise to joy & lu/1 nor any evil 9 t :i* has occasion$ fe> or grief4 ,b c]ta9ly ! mo/ effectual cure is to be a*iev$ by %[+ t all p]turbations are ( !mselves vici\s1 & h no?+ natural or necess>y 9 !m4 ,z we see1 grief itself is easily s(t5$ :5 we *>ge ^? :o grieve ) weakness & an effem9ate m9d2 or :5 we comm5d ! gravity & con/ancy ( ^? :o be> calmly :atev] befalls !m "h1 z accid5ts to :i* all m5 are liable2 &1 inde$1 ?is is g5]ally ! feel+ ( ^? :o look on ^! z real evils1 b yet ?9k !y %\ld be borne ) resignation4 ,"o imag9es pleasure to be a good1 ano!r money2 & yet ! "o may be call$ (f f intemp]ance1 ! o!r f covet\sness4 ,! o!r me?od & address1 :i*1 at ! same "t t x removes ! false op9ion1 )draws ! disord]1 has m subtlety 9 x2 b x seldom succe$s1 & is n applicable to vulg> m9ds1 = !re are "s diseases :i* t m$ic9e c by no means remove4 ,=1 %\ld any "o be uneasy because he is )\t virtue1 )\t c\rage1 de/itute ( a s5se ( duty or hone/y1 8 anxiety proce$s f a real evil2 & yet we mu/ apply ano!r me?od ( cure to him1 & su* a "o z all ! philosoph]s1 h[ev] !y may diff] ab\t o!r ?+s1 agree 94 ,= !y mu/ necess>ily agree 9 ?is1 t commotions ( ! m9d 9 opposition to "r reason are vici\s2 & t ev5 admitt+ ^? ?+s to be evils :i* occasion fe> or grief1 & ^? to be goods :i* provoke desire or joy1 yet t v commotion itself is vici\s2 = we mean by ! expressions magnanim\s & brave1 "o :o is resolute1 s$ate1 grave1 & sup]ior to ev]y?+ 9 ?is life2 b "o :o ei!r grieves1 or fe>s1 or covets1 or is transport$ ) passion1 _c come "u t d5om9ation2 = ^! ?+s are consi/5t only ) ^? :o look on ! ?+s ( ?is _w z ?+s ) :i* _! m9ds are unequal to cont5d4 ,,xxix4 ,:]e=e1 z ,i be=e said1 ! philosoph]s h all "o me?od ( cure1 s t we ne$ say no?+ ab\t :at sort ( ?+ t is :i* di/urbs ! m9d1 b we mu/ speak only conc]n+ ! p]turbation itself4 ,?us1 fir/1 ) reg>d to desire itself1 :5 ! bus9ess is only to remove t1 ! inquiry is n to be1 :e!r t ?+ be good or evil :i* provokes lu/1 b ! lu/ itself is to be remov$2 s t :e!r :atev] is hone/ is ! *ief good1 or :e!r x consi/s 9 pleasure1 or 9 bo? ^! ?+s toge!r1 or 9 ! o!r ?ree k9ds ( goods1 yet %\ld !re be 9 any "o too vehem5t an appetite = ev5 virtue itself1 ! :ole disc\rse %\ld be direct$ to ! det]r+ him f t vehem5ce4 ,b human nature1 :5 plac$ 9 a conspicu\s po9t ( view1 gives u e argum5t = appeas+ ! m9d1 &1 to make ?is ! m di/9ct1 ! laws & conditions ( life %\ld be expla9$ 9 our disc\rse4 ,!re=e1 x 0 n )\t reason t ,socrates is report$1 :5 ,euripides 0 exhibit+ 8 play call$ ,ore/es1 to h repeat$ ! fir/ ?ree v]ses ( t trag$y-- ,:at tragic /ory m5 c m\rnful tell1 ,:ate'er f fate or f ! gods befell1 ,t human nature c support--#eb ,b1 9 ord] to p]suade ^? to :om any mis=tune has happ5$ t !y c & ought to be> x1 x is v useful to set be=e !m an enum]ation ( o!r p]sons :o h borne simil> calamities4 ,inde$1 ! me?od ( appeas+ grief 0 expla9$ 9 my dispute ( ye/]day1 & 9 my book on ,consolation1 :i* ,i wrote 9 ! mid/ ( my own grief2 = ,i 0 n myself s wise a man z to be ins5sible to grief1 & ,i us$ ?is1 not)/&+ ,*rysippus's advice to ! contr>y1 :o is aga9/ apply+ a m$ic9e to ! agitations ( ! m9d :ile !y are fre%2 b ,i did x1 & committ$ a viol5ce on nature1 t ! greatness ( my grief might give way to ! greatness ( ! m$ic9e4 ,,xxx4 ,b fe> bord]s ^u grief1 ( :i* ,i h already said en\gh2 b ,i mu/ say a little m on t4 ,n[1 z grief proce$s f :at is pres5t1 s does fe> f future evil2 s t "s h said t fe> is a c]ta9 "p ( grief3 o!rs h call$ fe> ! h>b+] ( tr\ble1 :i*1 z x 71 introduces ! ensu+ evil4 ,n[1 ! reasons t make :at is pres5t supportable1 make :at is to come v contemptible2 =1 ) reg>d to bo?1 we %\ld take c>e to d no?+ l[ or grovell+1 s(t or effem9ate1 mean or abject4 ,b1 not)/&+ we %\ld speak ( ! incon/ancy1 imbecility1 & levity ( fe> itself1 yet x is ( v great s]vice to speak contemptu\sly ( ^? v ?+s ( :i* we are afraid4 ,s t x fell out v well1 :e!r x 0 by accid5t or design1 t ,i disput$ ! fir/ & second day on dea? & pa9--! two ?+s t are ! mo/ dread$3 n[1 if :at ,i !n said 0 approv$ (1 we are 9 a great degree fre$ f fe>4 ,& ?is is suffici5t1 z f> z reg>ds ! op9ion ( evils4 ,,xxxi4 ,proce$ we n[ to :at are goods--t is to say1 to joy & desire4 ,to me1 inde$1 "o ?+ alone seems to embrace ! "q ( all t relates to ! p]turbations ( ! m9d--! fact1 namely1 t all p]turbations are 9 our own p[]2 t !y are tak5 up ^u op9ion1 & are volunt>y4 ,?is error1 !n1 mu/ be got rid (2 ?is op9ion mu/ be remov$2 &1 z ) reg>d to imag9$ evils1 we are to make !m m supportable1 s ) respect to goods1 we are to less5 ! viol5t effects ( ^? ?+s :i* are call$ great & joy\s4 ,b "o ?+ is to be obs]v$1 t equally relates bo? to good & evil3 t1 %\ld x be difficult to p]suade any "o t none ( ^? ?+s :i* di/urb ! m9d are to be look$ on z good or evil1 yet a diff]5t cure is to be appli$ to diff]5t feel+s2 & ! malevol5t p]son is to be correct$ by "o way ( reason+1 ! lov] by ano!r1 ! anxi\s man by ano!r1 & ! fe>ful by ano!r3 & x w\ld be easy = any "o :o pursues ! be/ approv$ me?od ( reason+1 ) reg>d to good & evil1 to ma9ta9 t no fool c be affect$ ) joy1 z he nev] c h any?+ good4 ,b1 at pres5t1 my disc\rse proce$s ^u ! common receiv$ notions4 ,let1 !n1 honors1 ri*es1 pleasures1 & ! re/ be ! v good ?+s :i* !y are imag9$ to be2 yet a too elevat$ & exult+ joy on ! possession ( !m is unbecom+2 j z1 ?\gh x might be all[able to laugh1 to giggle w\ld be indec5t4 ,?us1 a m9d enl>g$ by joy is z blamable z a contraction ( x by grief2 & eag] long+ is a sign ( z mu* levity 9 desir+ z immod]ate joy is 9 possess+2 &1 z ^? :o are too deject$ are said to be effem9ate1 s !y :o are too elat$ ) joy are prop]ly call$ volatile2 & z feel+ envy is a "p ( grief1 & ! be+ pleas$ ) ano!r's mis=tune is a k9d ( joy1 bo? ^! feel+s are usually correct$ by %[+ ! wildness & ins5sibility ( !m3 & z x becomes a man to be cauti\s1 b x is unbecom+ 9 him to be fe>ful1 s to be pleas$ is prop]1 b to be joyful improp]4 ,i h1 9 ord] t ,i might be ! bett] und]/ood1 di/+ui%$ pleasure f joy4 ,i h already said above1 t a contraction ( ! m9d c nev] be "r1 b t an elation ( x may2 = ! joy ( ,hector 9 ,nvius is "o ?+-- ',tis joy inde$ to he> my praises sung ,by y1 :o are ! !me ( honor's tongue-- b t ( ! "* 9 ,trabea ano!r3 ,! k9d procuress1 allur$ by my money1 w obs]ve my nod1 w wat* my desires1 & /udy my w4 ,if ,i b move ! door ) my little f+]1 in/antly x flies op52 & if ,*rysis %\ld unexpect$ly discov] me1 %e w run ) joy to meet me1 & ?r[ h]self into my arms4 ,n[ he w tell y h[ excell5t he ?9ks ?is3 ,n ev5 =tune h]self is s =tunate4 ,,xxxii4 ,any "o :o att5ds ! lea/ to ! subject w be conv9c$ h[ unbecom+ ?is joy is4 ,& z !y are v %ameful :o are immod]ately delight$ ) ! enjoym5t ( v5]eal pleasures1 s are !y v sc&al\s :o lu/ vehem5tly aft] !m4 ,& all t :i* is commonly call$ love 7&1 believe me1 ,i c f9d out no o!r "n to call x by7 is ( su* a trivial nature t no?+1 ,i ?9k1 is to be comp>$ to x3 ( :i* ,ccilius says1 ,i hold ! man ( e s5se b]eav$ ,:o grants n ,love to be ( ,gods ! *ief3 ,^: mighty p[] :ate'er is good effects1 ,:o gives to ea* 8 beauty & defects3 ,h5ce1 heal? & sickness2 wit & folly1 h5ce1 ,! ,god t love & hatr$ do? disp5se6 ,an excell5t corrector ( life ?is same poetry1 :i* ?9ks t love1 ! promot] ( debau*]y & vanity1 %\ld h a place 9 ! c\ncil ( ! ,gods6 ,i am speak+ ( com$y1 :i* c\ld n subsi/ at all )\t our approv+ ( ^! debau*]ies4 ,b :at said t *ief ( ! ,argonauts 9 trag$y8 ,my life ,i owe to honor less ?an love4 ,:at1 !n1 are we to say ( ?is love ( ,m$ea8--:at a tra9 ( mis]ies did x occasion6 ,& yet ! same woman has ! assurance to say to h] fa!r1 9 ano!r poet1 t %e _h a husb& ,de>] by love ?an ev] fa!rs 74 ,,xxxiii4 ,h[ev]1 we may all[ ! poets to trifle1 9 ^: fables we see ,jupit] himself engag$ 9 ^! debau*]ies3 b let u apply to ! ma/]s ( virtue--! philosoph]s :o d5y love to be any?+ c>nal2 & 9 ?is !y diff] f ,epicurus1 :o1 ,i ?9k1 is n mu* mi/ak54 ,= :at is t love ( fri5d%ip8 ,h[ comes x t no "o is 9 love ) a de=m$ "y man1 or a h&some old "o8 ,i am ( op9ion t ?is love ( m5 _h its rise f ! ,gymna/ics ( ! ,greeks1 :]e ^! k9ds ( loves are admissible & p]mitt$2 !re=e ,ennius spoke well3 ,! c5sure ( ?is crime to ^? is due ,:o nak$ bodies fir/ expos$ to view4 ,n[1 suppos+ !m *a/e1 :i* ,i ?9k is h>dly possible1 !y are uneasy & di/ress$1 & ! m s because !y conta9 & refra9 !mselves4 ,b1 to pass ov] ! love ( wom51 :]e nature has all[$ m lib]ty1 :o c misund]/& ! poets 9 _! rape ( ,ganym$e1 or n appreh5d :at ,laius says1 & :at he desires1 9 ,euripides8 ,la/ly1 :at h ! pr9cipal poets & ! mo/ le>n$ m5 publi%$ ( !mselves 9 _! poems & songs8 ,:at do? ,alcu1 :o 0 di/+ui%$ 9 8 own republic = 8 brav]y1 write on ! love ( "y m58 ,& z = ,anacreon's poetry1 x is :olly on love4 ,b ,ibycus ( ,rhegium appe>s1 f 8 writ+s1 to h _h ?is love /rong] on him ?an all ! re/4 ,,xxxiv4 ,n[ we see t ! loves ( all ^! writ]s 7 entirely libid9\s4 ,!re h aris5 also "s among u philosoph]s 7& ,plato is at ! head ( !m1 :om ,dicar*us blames n )\t reason7 :o h c\nt5anc$ love4 ,! ,/oics1 9 tru?1 say1 n only t _! wise man may be a lov]1 b !y ev5 def9e love itself z an endeavor to orig9ate fri5d%ip out ( ! appe>ance ( beauty4 ,n[1 provid$ !re is any "o 9 ! nature ( ?+s )\t desire1 )\t c>e1 )\t a sigh1 su* a "o may be a lov]2 = he is free f all lu/3 b ,i h no?+ to say to him1 z x is lu/ ( :i* ,i am n[ speak+4 ,b %\ld !re be any love--z !re c]ta9ly is--:i* is b little1 or p]haps n at all1 %ort ( madness1 su* z 8 is 9 ! ,leucadia-- ,%\ld !re be any ,god ^: c>e ,i am-- x is incumb5t on all ! ,gods to see t he enjoys 8 amor\s pleasure4 ,wret* t ,i am6 ,no?+ is m true1 & he says v appropriately1 ,:at1 are y sane1 :o at ?is rate lam5t8 ,he seems ev5 to 8 fri5ds to be out ( 8 s5ses3 !n h[ tragical he becomes6 ,?y aid1 div9e ,apollo1 ,i implore1 ,& ?9e1 dread rul] ( ! wat'ry /ore6 ,oh6 all ye w9ds1 assi/ me6 ,he ?9ks t ! :ole _w ought to apply itself to help 8 love3 he excludes ,v5us alone1 z unk9d to him4 ,?y aid1 ,o ,v5us1 :y %\ld ,i invoke8 ,he ?9ks ,v5us too mu* employ$ 9 h] own lu/ to h reg>d to any?+ else1 z if he himself _h n said & committ$ ^! %ameful ?+s f lu/4 ,,xxxv4 ,n[1 ! cure = "o :o is affect$ 9 ?is mann] is to %[ h[ light1 h[ contemptible1 h[ v trifl+ he is 9 :at he desires2 h[ he may turn 8 affections to ano!r object1 or accompli% 8 desires by "s o!r means2 or else to p]suade him t he may entirely disreg>d x3 sometimes he is to be l$ away to objects ( ano!r k9d1 to /udy1 bus9ess1 or o!r diff]5t engagem5ts & conc]ns3 v (t5 ! cure is effect$ by *ange ( place1 z sick p1 t h n recov]$ _! /r5g?1 are b5efit$ by *ange ( air4 ,"s p ?9k an old love may be driv5 out by a new "o1 z "o nail drives out ano!r3 b1 above all ?+s1 ! man ?us afflict$ %\ld be advis$ :at madness love is3 = ( all ! p]turbations ( ! m9d1 !re is n "o :i* is m vehem5t2 = 7)\t *>g+ x ) rapes1 debau*]ies1 adult]y1 or ev5 ince/1 ! bas5ess ( any ( ^! be+ v blamable2 n1 ,i say1 to m5tion ^!7 ! v p]turbation ( ! m9d 9 love is base ( itself1 =1 to pass ov] all its acts ( d[nright madness1 :at weakness d n ^? v ?+s :i* are look$ ^u z indiff]5t argue8 ,affronts & jeal\sies1 j>s1 squabbles1 w>s1 ,!n peace aga94 ,! man :o seeks to fix ,^! re/less feel+s1 & to subjugate ,!m to "s regul> law1 is j z wise ,z "o :o'd try to lay d[n rules by :i* ,m5 %\ld g mad4#ec ,n[1 is n ?is incon/ancy & mutability ( m9d en\gh to det] any "o by its own de=mity8 ,we are to demon/rate1 z 0 said ( e p]turbation1 t !re are no su* feel+s :i* d n consi/ entirely ( op9ion & judgm5t1 & are n ow+ to ourselves4 ,= if love 7 natural1 all w\ld be 9 love1 & always s1 & all love ! same object2 nor w\ld "o be det]r$ by %ame1 ano!r by reflection1 ano!r by satiety4 ,,xxxvi4 ,ang]1 too1 :5 x di/urbs ! m9d any "t1 leaves no room to d\bt its be+ madness3 by ! in/igation ( :i* we see su* cont5tion z ?is betwe5 bro!rs3 ,:]e 0 !re ev] impud5ce l ?9e8 ,:o on ?y malice ev] c\ld ref9e8#ed ,y "k :at foll[s3 = abuses are ?r[n out by ^! bro!rs ) great bitt]ness 9 e o!r v]se2 s t y may easily "k !m = ! sons ( ,atreus1 ( t ,atreus :o inv5t$ a new puni%m5t = 8 bro!r3 ,i :o 8 cruel he>t to gall am b5t1 ,"s new1 unhe>d-( torm5t mu/ inv5t4 ,n[1 :at 7 ^! inv5tions8 ,he> ,?ye/es3 ,my impi\s bro!r fa9 w\ld h me eat ,my *ildr51 & ?us s]ves !m up = meat4 ,to :at l5g? n[ w n ang] g8 ev5 z f> z madness4 ,!re=e we say1 prop]ly en\gh1 t angry m5 h giv5 up _! p[]1 t is1 !y are out ( ! p[] ( advice1 reason1 & und]/&+2 = ^! ought to h p[] ov] ! :ole m9d4 ,n[1 y %\ld put ^? out ( ! way :om !y endeavor to attack till !y h recollect$ !mselves2 b :at does recollection "h imply b gett+ toge!r aga9 ! disp]s$ p>ts ( _! m9d into _! prop] place8 or else y mu/ beg & entreat !m1 if !y h ! means ( rev5ge1 to def] x to ano!r opportunity1 till _! ang] cools4 ,b ! expression ( cool+ implies1 c]ta9ly1 t !re 0 a heat rais$ 9 _! m9ds 9 opposition to reason2 f :i* consid]ation t say+ ( ,ar*ytas is comm5d$1 :o be+ some:at provok$ at 8 /ew>d1 ,h[ w\ld ,i h treat$ y1 said he1 if ,i _h n be5 9 a passion8 ,,xxxvii4 ,:]e1 !n1 are !y :o say t ang] has its use8 ,c madness be ( any use8 ,b /ill x is natural4 ,c any?+ be natural t is aga9/ reason8 or h[ is x1 if ang] is natural1 t "o p]son is m incl9$ to ang] ?an ano!r8 or t ! lu/ ( rev5ge %\ld cease be=e x has rev5g$ itself8 or t any "o %\ld rep5t ( :at he _h done 9 a passion8 z we see t ,alex&] ! k+ did1 :o c\ld sc>cely keep 8 h&s f himself1 :5 he _h kill$ 8 favorite ,clytus1 s great 0 8 compunction4 ,n[ :o t is acqua9t$ ) ^! in/ances c d\bt t ?is motion ( ! m9d is altoge!r 9 op9ion & volunt>y8 = :o c d\bt t disord]s ( ! m9d1 su* z covet\sness & a desire ( glory1 arise f a great e/imation ( ^? ?+s by :i* ! m9d is disord]$8 f :5ce we may und]/& t e p]turbation ( ! m9d is f\nd$ 9 op9ion4 ,& if boldness--t is to say1 a firm assurance ( m9d--is a k9d ( k & s]i\s op9ion n ha/ily tak5 up1 !n diffid5ce is a fe> ( an expect$ & imp5d+ evil2 & if hope is an expectation ( good1 fe> mu/1 ( c\rse1 be an expectation ( evil4 ,?us fe> & o!r p]turbations are evils4 ,!re=e1 z con/ancy proce$s f k1 s does p]turbation f error4 ,n[1 !y :o are said to be naturally incl9$ to ang]1 or to pity1 or to envy1 or to any feel+ ( ?is k9d1 _! m9ds are con/itutionally1 z x 71 9 bad heal?2 yet !y are curable1 z ! disposition ( ,socrates is said to h be52 = :5 ,zopyrus1 :o pr(ess$ to "k ! "* ( e "o f 8 p]son1 _h heap$ a great _m vices on him 9 a public assembly1 he 0 laugh$ at by o!rs1 :o c\ld p]ceive no su* vices 9 ,socrates2 b ,socrates kept him 9 c\nt5ance by decl>+ t su* vices 7 natural to him1 b t he _h got ! bett] ( !m by 8 reason4 ,!re=e1 z any "o :o has ! appe>ance ( ! be/ con/itution may yet appe> to be naturally r incl9$ to "s p>ticul> disord]1 s diff]5t m9ds may be m p>ticul>ly incl9$ to diff]5t diseases4 ,b z to ^? m5 :o are said to be vici\s1 n by nature1 b _! own fault1 _! vices proce$ f wrong op9ions ( good & bad ?+s1 s t "o is m prone ?an ano!r to diff]5t motions & p]turbations4 ,b1 j z x is 9 ! case ( ! body1 an invet]ate disease is h>d] to be got rid ( ?an a sudd5 disord]2 & x is m easy to cure a fre% tumor 9 ! eyes ?an to remove a defluxion ( any cont9uance4 ,,xxxviii4 ,b z ! cause ( p]turbations is n[ discov]$1 = all ( !m arise f ! judgm5t or op9ion1 or volition1 ,i %all put an end to ?is disc\rse4 ,b we ought to be assur$1 s9ce ! b\nd>ies ( good & evil are n[ discov]$1 z f> z !y are discov]able by man1 t no?+ c be desir$ ( philosophy great] or m useful ?an ! discussions :i* we h held ^! f\r days4 ,= besides in/ill+ a contempt ( dea?1 & reliev+ pa9 s z to enable m5 to be> x1 we h add$ ! appeas+ ( grief1 ?an :i* !re is no great] evil to man4 ,= ?\gh e p]turbation ( m9d is griev\s1 & diff]s b little f madness1 yet we are us$ to say ( o!rs :5 !y are "u any p]turbation1 z ( fe>1 joy1 or desire1 t !y are agitat$ & di/urb$2 b ( ^? :o give !mselves up to grief1 t !y are mis]able1 afflict$1 wret*$1 unhappy4 ,s t x do? n seem to be by accid5t1 b ) reason propos$ by y1 t ,i %\ld discuss grief1 & ! o!r p]turbations sep>ately2 = !re lies ! spr+ & head ( all our mis]ies2 b ! cure ( grief1 & ( o!r disord]s1 is "o & ! same 9 t !y are all volunt>y1 & f\nd$ on op9ion2 we take !m on ourselves because x seems "r s to d4 ,philosophy und]takes to eradicate ?is error1 z ! root ( all our evils3 let u !re=e surr5d] ourselves to be in/ruct$ by x1 & suff] ourselves to be cur$2 = :ile ^! evils h possession ( u1 we n only _c be happy1 b _c be "r 9 our m9ds4 ,we mu/ ei!r d5y t reason c effect any?+1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 no?+ c be done "r )\t reason1 or else1 s9ce philosophy dep5ds on ! d$uctions ( reason1 we mu/ seek f h]1 if we w\ld be good or happy1 e help & assi/ance = liv+ well & happily4 ,,book ,v4 ,,:e!r ,,virtue ,,alone ,,be ,,suffici5t ,,= ,a ,,happy ,,life4 ,i4 ,?is fif? day1 ,brutus1 %all put an end to our ,tusculan ,disputations3 on :i* day we discuss$ y\r favorite subject4 ,= ,i p]ceive f t book :i* y wrote = me ) ! greate/ accuracy1 z well z f y\r frequ5t conv]sation1 t y are cle>ly ( ?is op9ion1 t virtue is ( itself suffici5t = a happy life3 & ?\gh x may be difficult to prove ?is1 on acc\nt ( ! _m v>i\s /rokes ( =tune1 yet x is a tru? ( su* a nature t we %\ld endeavor to facilitate ! pro( ( x4 ,= among all ! topics ( philosophy1 !re is n "o ( m dignity or importance4 ,= z ! fir/ philosoph]s mu/ h _h "s inducem5t to neglect ev]y?+ = ! se>* ( ! be/ /ate ( life3 surely1 ! inducem5t mu/ h be5 ! hope ( liv+ happily1 :i* impell$ !m to devote s mu* c>e & pa9s to t /udy4 ,n[1 if virtue 0 discov]$ & c>ri$ to p]fection by !m1 & if virtue is a suffici5t security = a happy life1 :o c avoid ?9k+ ! "w ( philosophiz+ excell5tly recomm5d$ by !m1 & und]tak5 by me8 ,b if virtue1 z be+ subject to su* v>i\s & unc]ta9 accid5ts1 7 b ! slave ( =tune1 & 7 n ( suffici5t ability to support h]self1 ,i am afraid t x w\ld seem desirable r to (f] up pray]s1 ?an to rely on our own confid5ce 9 virtue z ! f\ndation = our hope ( a happy life4 ,&1 inde$1 :5 ,i reflect on ^? tr\bles ) :i* ,i h be5 s sev]ely ex]cis$ by =tune1 ,i beg9 to di/ru/ ?is op9ion2 & sometimes ev5 to dread ! weakness & frailty ( human nature1 = ,i am afraid le/1 :5 nature _h giv5 u infirm bodies1 & _h jo9$ to !m incurable diseases & intol]able pa9s1 %e p]haps also gave u m9ds p>ticipat+ 9 ^! bodily pa9s1 & h>ass$ also ) tr\bles & uneas9esses1 peculi>ly _! own4 ,b "h ,i correct myself = =m+ my judgm5t ( ! p[] ( virtue m f ! weakness ( o!rs1 or ( myself p]haps1 ?an f virtue itself3 = %e h]self 7provid$ !re is su* a ?+ z virtue2 & y\r uncle ,brutus has remov$ all d\bt ( x7 has ev]y?+ t c befall mank9d 9 subjection to h]2 & by disreg>d+ su* ?+s1 %e is f> remov$ f be+ at all conc]n$ at human accid5ts2 &1 be+ free f e imp]fection1 %e ?9ks t no?+ :i* is ext]nal to h]self c conc]n h]4 ,b we1 :o increase e approa*+ evil by our fe>1 & e pres5t "o by our grief1 *oose r to condemn ! nature ( ?+s ?an our own errors4 ,,ii4 ,b ! am5dm5t ( ?is fault1 & ( all our o!r vices & (f5ces1 is to be s\ght = 9 philosophy3 & z my own incl9ation & desire l$ me1 f my e>lie/ y\? upw>d1 to seek h] protection1 s1 "u my pres5t mis=tunes1 ,i h _h rec\rse to ! same port f :5ce ,i set out1 aft] hav+ be5 toss$ by a viol5t tempe/4 ,o ,philosophy1 ?\ guide ( life6 ?\ discov]] ( virtue & expell] ( vices6 :at _h n only ,i myself1 b ! :ole life ( man1 be5 )\t y8 ,to y x is t we owe ! orig9 ( cities2 y x 0 :o call$ toge!r ! disp]s$ race ( m5 into social life2 y unit$ !m toge!r1 fir/1 by plac+ !m ne> "o ano!r1 !n by m>riages1 & la/ly1 by ! communication ( spee* & languages4 ,y h be5 ! inv5tress ( laws2 y h be5 our in/ructress 9 morals & discipl9e2 to y we fly = refuge2 f y we implore assi/ance2 & z ,i =m]ly submitt$ to y 9 a great degree1 s n[ ,i surr5d] up myself entirely to y4 ,= "o day sp5t well1 & agreeably to y\r precepts1 is pref]able to an et]nity ( error4 ,^: assi/ance1 !n1 c be ( m s]vice to me ?an y\rs1 :5 y h be/[$ on u tranquillity ( life1 & remov$ ! fe> ( dea?8 ,b ,philosophy is s f> f be+ prais$ z mu* z %e has des]v$ by mank9d1 t %e is :olly neglect$ by mo/ m51 & actually evil spok5 ( by _m4 ,c any p]son speak ill ( ! p>5t ( life1 & d>e to pollute himself ?us ) p>ricide1 & be s impi\sly ungrateful z to accuse h] :om he ought to rev]5ce1 ev5 7 he less able to appreciate ! advantages :i* he might d]ive f h]8 ,b ?is error1 ,i imag9e1 & ?is d>kness has spread itself ov] ! m9ds ( ignorant m51 f _! n be+ able to look s f> back1 & f _! n imag9+ t ^? m5 by :om human life 0 fir/ improv$ 7 philosoph]s2 = ?\gh we see philosophy to h be5 ( long /&+1 yet ! "n mu/ be ackn[l$g$ to be b mod]n4 ,,iii4 ,b1 inde$1 :o c dispute ! antiquity ( philosophy1 ei!r 9 fact or "n8 ,= x acquir$ ?is excell5t "n f ! anci5ts1 by ! k ( ! orig9 & causes ( ev]y?+1 bo? div9e & human4 ,?us ^? sev5 ,greek3 ,sophoi1 z !y 7 consid]$ & call$ by ! ,greeks1 h always be5 e/eem$ & call$ wise m5 by u2 & ?us ,lycurgus _m ages be=e1 9 ^: "t1 be=e ! build+ ( ?is city1 ,hom] is said to h liv$1 z well z ,ulysses & ,ne/or 9 ! h]oic ages1 are all h&$ d[n to u by tradition z hav+ really be5 :at !y 7 call$1 wise m52 nor w\ld x h be5 said t ,atlas support$ ! heav5s1 or t ,prome!us 0 b\nd to ,caucasus1 nor w\ld ,cepheus1 ) 8 wife1 8 son-9-law1 & 8 daught] h be5 enroll$ among ! con/ellations1 b t _! m ?an human k ( ! heav5ly bodies _h transf]r$ _! names into an errone\s fable4 ,f :5ce all :o occupi$ !mselves 9 ! contemplation ( nature 7 bo? consid]$ & call$ wise m52 & t "n ( !irs cont9u$ to ! age ( ,py?agoras1 :o is report$ to h gone to ,phlius1 z we f9d x /at$ by ,h]aclides ,ponticus1 a v le>n$ man1 & a pupil ( ,plato1 & to h disc\rs$ v le>n$ly & copi\sly on c]ta9 subjects ) ,leon1 pr9ce ( ! ,phliasii2 & :5 ,leon1 admir+ 8 +5uity & eloqu5ce1 ask$ him :at art he p>ticul>ly pr(ess$1 8 answ] 01 t he 0 acqua9t$ ) no art1 b t he 0 a philosoph]4 ,leon1 surpris$ at ! novelty ( ! "n1 inquir$ :at he meant by ! "n ( philosoph]1 & 9 :at philosoph]s diff]$ f o!r m52 on :i* ,py?agoras repli$1 ,t ! life ( man seem$ to him to resemble ^? games :i* 7 celebrat$ ) ! greate/ possible v>iety ( sports & ! g5]al conc\rse ( all ,greece4 ,= z 9 ^? games !re 7 "s p]sons ^: object 0 glory & ! honor ( a cr[n1 to be atta9$ by ! p]=mance ( bodily ex]cises1 s o!rs 7 l$ ?i!r by ! ga9 ( buy+ & sell+1 & m]e views ( pr(it2 b !re 0 likewise "o class ( p]sons1 & !y 7 by f> ! be/1 ^: aim 0 nei!r applause nor pr(it1 b :o came m]ely z spectators ?r\gh curiosity1 to obs]ve :at 0 done1 & to see 9 :at mann] ?+s 7 c>ri$ on !re4 ,& ?us1 said he1 we come f ano!r life & nature unto ?is "o1 j z m5 come out ( "s o!r city1 to "s mu* frequ5t$ m>t2 "s be+ slaves to glory1 o!rs to money2 & !re are "s few :o1 tak+ no acc\nt ( any?+ else1 e>ne/ly look into ! nature ( ?+s2 & ^! m5 call !mselves /udi\s ( wisdom1 t is1 philosoph]s3 & z !re x is ! mo/ reputable occupation ( all to be a look]-on )\t mak+ any acquisition1 s 9 life1 ! contemplat+ ?+s1 & acqua9t+ "o's self ) !m1 greatly exce$s e o!r pursuit ( life4 ,,iv4 ,nor 0 ,py?agoras ! inv5tor only ( ! "n1 b he enl>g$ also ! ?+ itself1 &1 :5 he came into ,italy aft] ?is conv]sation at ,phlius1 he adorn$ t ,greece1 :i* is call$ ,great ,greece1 bo? privately & publicly1 ) ! mo/ excell5t in/itutions & arts2 b ( 8 s*ool & sy/em ,i %all1 p]haps1 f9d ano!r opportunity to speak4 ,b numb]s & motions1 & ! beg9n+ & end ( all ?+s1 7 ! subjects ( ! anci5t philosophy d[n to ,socrates1 :o 0 a pupil ( ,ar*elaus1 :o _h be5 ! disciple ( ,anaxagoras4 ,^! made dilig5t inquiry into ! magnitude ( ! />s1 _! di/ances1 c\rses1 & all t relates to ! heav5s4 ,b ,socrates 0 ! fir/ :o br\ght d[n philosophy f ! heav5s1 plac$ x 9 cities1 introduc$ x into families1 & oblig$ x to exam9e into life & morals1 & good & evil4 ,& 8 diff]5t me?ods ( discuss+ que/ions1 toge!r ) ! v>iety ( 8 topics1 & ! greatness ( 8 abilities1 be+ immortaliz$ by ! memory & writ+s ( ,plato1 gave rise to _m sects ( philosoph]s ( diff]5t s5tim5ts1 ( all :i* ,i h pr9cipally adh]$ to t "o :i*1 9 my op9ion1 ,socrates himself foll[$2 & argue s z to conceal my own op9ion1 :ile ,i deliv] o!rs f _! errors1 & s discov] :at has ! greate/ appe>ance ( probability 9 e "q4 ,& ! cu/om ,c>neades adopt$ ) great copi\sness & acut5ess1 & ,i myself h (t5 giv5 9 to x on _m occasions else:]e1 & 9 ?is mann]1 too1 ,i disput$ lately1 9 my ,tusculan villa2 inde$1 ,i h s5t y a book ( ! f\r =m] days' discussions2 b ! fif? day1 :5 we _h seat$ ourselves z be=e1 :at we 7 to dispute on 0 propos$ ?us3 ,v4 ,a4 ,i d n ?9k virtue c possibly be suffici5t = a happy life4 ,m4 ,b my fri5d ,brutus ?9ks s1 ^: judgm5t1 ) submission1 ,i greatly pref] to y\rs4 ,a4 ,i make no d\bt ( x2 b y\r reg>d = him is n ! bus9ess n[3 ! "q is n[1 :at is ! real "* ( t quality ( :i* ,i h decl>$ my op9ion4 ,i wi% y to dispute on t4 ,m4 ,:at6 d y d5y t virtue c possibly be suffici5t = a happy life8 ,a4 ,x is :at ,i entirely d5y4 ,m4 ,:at6 is n virtue suffici5t to enable u to live z we ought1 hone/ly1 comm5dably1 or1 9 f9e1 to live well8 ,a4 ,c]ta9ly suffici5t4 ,m4 ,c y1 !n1 help call+ any "o mis]able :o lives ill8 or w y d5y t any "o :o y all[ lives well mu/ inevitably live happily8 ,a4 ,:y may ,i n8 = a man may be upright 9 8 life1 hone/1 praisewor?y1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( torm5ts1 & !re=e live well4 ,provid$ y und]/& :at ,i mean by well2 = :5 ,i say well1 ,i mean ) con/ancy1 & dignity1 & wisdom1 & c\rage2 = a man may display all ^! qualities on ! rack2 b yet ! rack is inconsi/5t ) a happy life4 ,m4 ,:at1 !n8 is y\r happy life left on ! outside ( ! prison1 :ile con/ancy1 dignity1 wisdom1 & ! o!r virtues1 are surr5d]$ up to ! execution]1 & be> puni%m5t & pa9 )\t reluctance8 ,a4 ,y mu/ look out = some?+ new if y w\ld d any good4 ,^! ?+s h v little effect on me1 n m]ely f _! be+ common1 b pr9cipally because1 l c]ta9 light w9es t w n be> wat]1 ^! argum5ts ( ! ,/oics are pleasant] to ta/e ?an to swall[4 ,z :5 t assemblage ( virtues is committ$ to ! rack1 x raises s rev]5d a spectacle be=e our eyes t happ9ess seems to ha/5 on t[>ds !m1 & n to suff] !m to be des]t$ by h]4 ,b :5 y take y\r att5tion (f f ?is picture & ^! images ( ! virtues to ! tru? & ! reality1 :at rema9s )\t disguise is1 ! "q :e!r any "o c be happy 9 torm5t8 ,:]e=e let u n[ exam9e t po9t1 & n be "u any appreh5sions1 le/ ! virtues %\ld expo/ulate1 & compla9 t !y are =sak5 by happ9ess4 ,= if prud5ce is connect$ ) e virtue1 !n prud5ce itself discov]s ?is1 t all good m5 are n !re=e happy2 & %e recollects _m ?+s ( ,m>cus ,atilius#ee1 ,qu9tus ,cpio#ef1 ,m>cus ,aquilius#eg2 & prud5ce h]self1 if ^! repres5tations are m agreeable to y ?an ! ?+s !mselves1 re/ra9s happ9ess :5 x is endeavor+ to ?r[ itself into torm5ts1 & d5ies t x has any connection ) pa9 & torture4 ,,vi4 ,m4 ,i c easily be> ) y\r behav+ 9 ?is mann]1 ?\gh x is n fair 9 y to prescribe to me h[ y w\ld h me c>ry on ?is discussion4 ,b ,i ask y if ,i h effect$ any?+ or no?+ 9 ! prec$+ days8 ,a4 ,yes2 some?+ 0 done1 "s little matt] inde$4 ,m4 ,b if t is ! case1 ?is "q is settl$1 & almo/ put an end to4 ,a4 ,h[ s8 ,m4 ,because turbul5t motions & viol5t agitations ( ! m9d1 :5 x is rais$ & elat$ by a ra% impulse1 gett+ ! bett] ( reason1 leave no room = a happy life4 ,= :o t fe>s ei!r pa9 or dea?1 ! "o ( :i* is always pres5t1 ! o!r always imp5d+1 c be o!rwise ?an mis]able8 ,n[1 suppos+ ! same p]son--:i* is (t5 ! case--to be afraid ( pov]ty1 ignom9y1 infamy1 or weakness1 or bl9dness1 or1 la/ly1 slav]y1 :i* do? n only befall individual m51 b (t5 ev5 ! mo/ p[]ful nations2 n[ c any "o "u ! appreh5sion ( ^! evils be happy8 ,:at %all we say ( him :o n only dreads ^! evils z imp5d+1 b actually feels & be>s !m at pres5t8 ,let u unite 9 ! same p]son bani%m5t1 m\rn+1 ! loss ( *ildr52 n[1 h[ c any "o :o is brok5 d[n & r5d]$ sick 9 body & m9d by su* affliction be o!rwise ?an v mis]able inde$8 ,:at reason1 aga91 c !re be :y a man %\ld n rightly en\gh be call$ mis]able :om we see inflam$ & rag+ ) lu/1 covet+ ev]y?+ ) an insatiable desire1 &1 9 proportion z he d]ives m pleasure f any?+1 ?ir/+ ! m viol5tly aft] !m8 ,& z to a man va9ly elat$1 exult+ ) an empty joy1 & boa/+ ( himself )\t reason1 is n he s mu* ! m mis]able 9 proportion z he ?9ks himself happi]8 ,!re=e1 z ^! m5 are mis]able1 s1 on ! o!r h&1 ^? are happy :o are al>m$ by no fe>s1 wa/$ by no griefs1 provok$ by no lu/s1 melt$ by no languid pleasures t arise f va9 & exult+ joys4 ,we look on ! sea z calm :5 n ! lea/ brea? ( air di/urbs its waves2 &1 9 l mann]1 ! placid & quiet /ate ( ! m9d is discov]$ :5 unmov$ by any p]turbation4 ,n[1 if !re be any "o :o holds ! p[] ( =tune1 & ev]y?+ human1 ev]y?+ t c possibly befall any man1 z supportable1 s z to be out ( ! rea* ( fe> or anxiety1 & if su* a man covets no?+1 & is lift$ up by no va9 joy ( m9d1 :at c prev5t 8 be+ happy8 ,& if ^! are ! effects ( virtue1 :y _c virtue itself make m5 happy8 ,,vii4 ,a4 ,b ! o!r ( ^! two propositions is und5iable1 t !y :o are "u no appreh5sions1 :o are n[ays uneasy1 :o covet no?+1 :o are lift$ up by no va9 joy1 are happy3 & !re=e ,i grant y t4 ,b z = ! o!r1 t is n n[ 9 a fit /ate = discussion2 = x has be5 prov$ by y\r =m] argum5ts t a wise man is free f e p]turbation ( m9d4 ,m4 ,d\btless1 !n1 ! dispute is ov]2 = ! "q appe>s to h be5 entirely exhau/$4 ,a4 ,i ?9k1 inde$1 t t is almo/ ! case4 ,m4 ,b yet t is m usually ! case ) ! ma!maticians ?an philosoph]s4 ,= :5 ! geometricians tea* any?+1 if :at !y h be=e taught relates to _! pres5t subject1 !y take t = grant$ :i* has be5 already prov$1 & expla9 only :at !y _h n writt5 on be=e4 ,b ! philosoph]s1 :atev] subject !y h 9 h&1 get toge!r ev]y?+ t relates to x1 not)/&+ !y may h dilat$ on x some:]e else4 ,7 n t ! case1 :y %\ld ! ,/oics say s mu* on t "q1 ,:e!r virtue 0 abundantly suffici5t to a happy life8 :5 x w\ld h be5 answ] en\gh t !y _h be=e taught t no?+ 0 good b :at 0 honorable2 =1 z ?is _h be5 prov$1 ! consequ5ce mu/ be t virtue 0 suffici5t to a happy life2 & ea* premise may be made to foll[ f ! admission ( ! o!r1 s t if x be admitt$ t virtue is suffici5t to secure a happy life1 x may also be inf]r$ t no?+ is good except :at is honorable4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 d n proce$ 9 ?is mann]2 = !y w\ld sep>ate books ab\t :at is honorable1 & :at is ! *ief good2 & :5 !y h demon/rat$ f ! "o t virtue has p[] en\gh to make life happy1 yet !y treat ?is po9t sep>ately2 = ev]y?+1 & especially a subject ( su* great consequ5ce1 %\ld be support$ by argum5ts & exhortations :i* belong to t alone4 ,= y %\ld h a c>e h[ y imag9e philosophy to h utt]$ any?+ m noble1 or t %e has promis$ any?+ m fruitful or ( great] consequ5ce1 =1 good ,gods6 do? %e n engage t %e w r5d] him :o submits to h] laws s accompli%$ z to be always arm$ aga9/ =tune1 & to h e assurance )9 himself ( liv+ well & happily--t he %all1 9 %ort1 be =ev] happy8 ,b let u see :at %e w p]=m8 ,9 ! mean :ile1 ,i look ^u x z a great ?+ t %e has ev5 made su* a promise4 ,= ,x]xes1 :o 0 load$ ) all ! rew>ds & gifts ( =tune1 n satisfi$ ) 8 armies ( horse & foot1 nor ! multitude ( 8 %ips1 nor 8 inf9ite treasure ( gold1 (f]$ a rew>d to any "o :o c\ld f9d out a new pleasure2 & yet1 :5 x 0 discov]$1 he 0 n satisfi$ ) x2 nor c !re ev] be an end to lu/4 ,i wi% we c\ld engage any "o by a rew>d to produce some?+ ! bett] to e/abli% u 9 ?is belief4 ,,viii4 ,a4 ,i wi% t1 inde$1 myself2 b ,i want a little in=mation4 ,= ,i all[ t 9 :at y h /at$ ! "o proposition is ! consequ5ce ( ! o!r2 t z1 if :at is honorable be ! only good1 x mu/ foll[ t a happy life is ! effect ( virtue3 s t if a happy life consi/s 9 virtue1 no?+ c be good b virtue4 ,b y\r fri5d ,brutus1 on ! au?ority ( ,ari/o & ,antio*us1 does n see ?is2 = he ?9ks ! case w\ld be ! same ev5 if !re 7 any?+ good besides virtue4 ,m4 ,:at1 !n8 d y imag9e t ,i am go+ to argue aga9/ ,brutus8 ,a4 ,y may d :at y please2 = x is n = me to prescribe :at y %all d4 ,m4 ,h[ ^! ?+s agree toge!r %all be exam9$ some:]e else2 = ,i frequ5tly discuss$ t po9t ) ,antio*us1 & lately ) ,ari/o1 :51 dur+ ! p]iod ( my comm& z g5]al1 ,i 0 lodg+ ) him at ,a!ns4 ,= to me x seem$ t no "o c\ld possibly be happy "u any evil2 b a wise man might be afflict$ ) evil1 if !re are any ?+s aris+ f body or =tune des]v+ ! "n ( evils4 ,^! ?+s 7 said1 :i* ,antio*us has ins]t$ 9 8 books 9 _m places--t virtue itself 0 suffici5t to make life happy1 b yet n p]fectly happy2 & t _m ?+s d]ive _! names f ! pr$om9ant portion ( !m1 ?\gh !y d n include ev]y?+1 z /r5g?1 heal?1 ri*es1 honor1 & glory3 :i* qualities are det]m9$ by _! k9d1 n _! numb]4 ,?us a happy life is s call$ f its be+ s 9 a great degree1 ev5 ?\gh x %\ld fall %ort 9 "s po9t4 ,to cle> ?is up is n absolutely necess>y at pres5t1 ?\gh x seems to be said )\t any great consi/5cy2 = ,i _c imag9e :at is want+ to "o t is happy to make him happi]1 = if any?+ be want+ to him1 he _c be s mu* z happy2 & z to :at !y say1 t ev]y?+ is nam$ & e/imat$ f its pr$om9ant portion1 t may be admitt$ 9 "s ?+s4 ,b :5 !y all[ ?ree k9ds ( evils--:5 any "o is oppress$ ) e imag9able evil ( two k9ds1 be+ afflict$ ) adv]se =tune1 & hav+ at ! same "t 8 body worn out & h>ass$ ) all sorts ( pa9s--%all we say t su* a "o is b little %ort ( a happy life1 to say no?+ ab\t ! happie/ possible life8 ,,ix4 ,?is is ! po9t :i* ,!ophra/us 0 unable to ma9ta92 = aft] he _h once laid d[n ! position t /ripes1 torm5ts1 tortures1 ! ru9 ( "o's c\ntry1 bani%m5t1 ! loss ( *ildr51 _h great influ5ce on m5's liv+ mis]ably & unhappily1 he dur/ n any long] use any high & l(ty expressions :5 he 0 s l[ & abject 9 8 op9ion4 ,h[ "r he 0 is n ! "q2 he c]ta9ly 0 consi/5t4 ,!re=e1 ,i am n = object+ to consequ5ces :]e ! premises are admitt$4 ,b ?is mo/ elegant & le>n$ ( all ! philosoph]s is n tak5 to task v sev]ely :5 he ass]ts 8 ?ree k9ds ( good2 b he is attack$ by e "o = t book :i* he wrote on a happy life1 9 :i* book he has _m argum5ts :y "o :o is tortur$ & rack$ _c be happy4 ,= 9 t book he is suppos$ to say t a man :o is plac$ on ! :eel 7t is a k9d ( torture 9 use among ! ,greeks7 _c atta9 to a completely happy life4 ,he n[h]e1 inde$1 says s absolutely2 b :at he says am\nts to ! same ?+4 ,c ,i1 !n1 f9d fault ) him1 aft] hav+ all[$ t pa9s ( ! body are evils1 t ! ru9 ( a man's =tunes is an evil1 if he %\ld say t e good man is n happy1 :5 all ^? ?+s :i* he reckons z evils may befall a good man8 ,! same ,!ophra/us is f\nd fault ) by all ! books & s*ools ( ! philosoph]s = comm5d+ t s5t5ce 9 8 ,calli/h5es1 ,=tune1 n wisdom1 rules ! life ( man4 ,!y say nev] did philosoph] ass]t any?+ s languid4 ,!y are "r1 inde$1 9 t2 b ,i d n appreh5d any?+ c\ld be m consi/5t1 = if !re are s _m good ?+s t dep5d on ! body1 & s _m =eign to x t dep5d on *ance & =tune1 is x inconsi/5t to say t =tune1 :i* gov]ns ev]y?+1 bo? :at is =eign & :at belongs to ! body1 has great] p[] ?an c\nsel4 ,or w\ld we r imitate ,epicurus8 :o is (t5 excell5t 9 _m ?+s :i* he speaks1 b q indiff]5t h[ consi/5t he may be1 or h[ mu* to ! purpose he is speak+4 ,he comm5ds sp>e diet1 & 9 t he speaks z a philosoph]2 b x is = ,socrates or ,anti/h5es to say s1 & n = "o :o conf9es all good to pleasure4 ,he d5ies t any "o c live pleasantly unless he lives hone/ly1 wisely1 & ju/ly4 ,no?+ is m dignifi$ ?an ?is ass]tion1 no?+ m becom+ a philosoph]1 _h he n measur$ ?is v expression ( liv+ hone/ly1 ju/ly1 & wisely by pleasure4 ,:at c\ld be bett] ?an to ass]t t =tune int]f]es b little ) a wise man8 ,b does he talk ?us1 :o1 aft] he has said t pa9 is ! greate/ evil1 or ! only evil1 might himself be afflict$ ) ! %>pe/ pa9s all ov] 8 body1 ev5 at ! "t he is vaunt+ himself ! mo/ aga9/ =tune8 ,& ?is v ?+1 too1 ,metrodorus has said1 b 9 bett] language3 ,i h anticipat$ y1 ,=tune2 ,i h caught y1 & cut (f e access1 s t y _c possibly rea* me4 ,?is w\ld be excell5t 9 ! m\? ( ,ari/o ! ,*ian1 or ,z5o ! ,/oic1 :o held no?+ to be an evil b :at 0 base2 b = y1 ,metrodorus1 to anticipate ! approa*es ( =tune1 :o conf9e all t is good to y\r b[els & m>r[--= y to say s1 :o def9e ! *ief good by a /rong con/itution ( body1 & well-assur$ hope ( its cont9uance--= y to cut (f e access ( =tune6 ,:y1 y may in/antly be depriv$ ( t good4 ,yet ! simple are tak5 ) ^! propositions1 & a va/ cr[d is l$ away by su* s5t5ces to become _! foll[]s4 ,x4 ,b x is ! duty ( "o :o w\ld argue accurately to consid] n :at is said1 b :at is said consi/5tly4 ,z 9 t v op9ion :i* we h adopt$ 9 ?is discussion1 namely1 t e good man is always happy1 x is cle> :at ,i mean by good m53 ,i call ^? bo? wise & good m5 :o are provid$ & adorn$ ) e virtue4 ,let u see1 !n1 :o are to be call$ happy4 ,i imag9e1 inde$1 t ^? m5 are to be call$ s :o are possess$ ( good )\t any alloy ( evil2 nor is !re any o!r notion connect$ ) ! ^w t expresses happ9ess b an absolute enjoym5t ( good )\t any evil4 ,virtue _c atta9 ?is1 if !re is any?+ good besides itself4 ,= a cr[d ( evils w\ld pres5t !mselves1 if we 7 to all[ pov]ty1 obscurity1 humility1 solitude1 ! loss ( fri5ds1 acute pa9s ( ! body1 ! loss ( heal?1 weakness1 bl9dness1 ! ru9 ( "o's c\ntry1 bani%m5t1 slav]y1 to be evils2 = a wise man may be afflict$ by all ^! evils1 num]\s & important z !y are1 & _m o!rs also may be add$1 = !y are br\ght on by *ance1 :i* may attack a wise man2 b if ^! ?+s are evils1 :o c ma9ta9 t a wise man is always happy :5 all ^! evils may light on him at ! same "t8 ,i !re=e d n easily agree ) my fri5d ,brutus1 nor ) our common ma/]s1 nor ^? anci5t ones1 ,ari/otle1 ,speusippus1 ,x5ocrates1 ,polemon1 :o reckon all t ,i h m5tion$ above z evils1 & yet !y say t a wise man is always happy2 nor c ,i all[ !m1 because !y are *>m$ ) ?is beautiful & illu/ri\s title1 :i* w\ld v well become ,py?agoras1 ,socrates1 & ,plato1 to p]suade my m9d t /r5g?1 heal?1 beauty1 ri*es1 honors1 p[]1 ) ! beauty ( :i* !y are ravi%$1 are contemptible1 & t all ^? ?+s :i* are ! opposites ( ^! are n to be reg>d$4 ,!n might !y decl>e op5ly1 ) a l\d voice1 t nei!r ! attacks ( =tune1 nor ! op9ion ( ! multitude1 nor pa91 nor pov]ty1 occasions !m any appreh5sions2 & t !y h ev]y?+ )9 !mselves1 & t !re is no?+ :atev] :i* !y consid] z good b :at is )9 _! own p[]4 ,nor c ,i by any means all[ ! same p]son :o falls into ! vulg> op9ion ( good & evil to make use ( ^! expressions1 :i* c only become a great & exalt$ man4 ,/ruck ) :i* glory1 up />ts ,epicurus1 :o1 ) submission to ! ,gods1 ?9ks a wise man always happy4 ,he is mu* *>m$ ) ! dignity ( ?is op9ion1 b he nev] w\ld h own$ t1 _h he att5d$ to himself2 = :at is !re m inconsi/5t ?an = "o :o c\ld say t pa9 0 ! greate/ or ! only evil to ?9k also t a wise man c possibly say 9 ! mid/ ( 8 torture1 ,h[ sweet is ?is6 ,we are n1 !re=e1 to =m our judgm5t ( philosoph]s f deta*$ s5t5ces1 b f _! consi/5cy ) !mselves1 & _! ord9>y mann] ( talk+4 ,,xi4 ,a4 ,y compel me to be ( y\r op9ion2 b h a c>e t y are n inconsi/5t y\rself4 ,m4 ,9 :at respect8 ,a4 ,because ,i h lately read y\r f\r? book on ,good & ,evil3 & 9 t y appe>$ to me1 :ile disput+ aga9/ ,cato1 to be endeavor+ to %[1 :i* 9 my op9ion means to prove1 t ,z5o & ! ,p]ipatetics diff] only ab\t "s new words2 b if we all[ t1 :at reason c !re be1 if x foll[s f ! argum5ts ( ,z5o t virtue conta9s all t is necess>y to a happy life1 t ! ,p]ipatetics %\ld n be at lib]ty to say ! same8 ,=1 9 my op9ion1 reg>d %\ld be _h to ! ?+1 n to words4 ,m4 ,:at6 y w\ld convict me f my own words1 & br+ aga9/ me :at ,i _h said or writt5 else:]e4 ,y may act 9 t mann] ) ^? :o dispute by e/abli%$ rules4 ,we live f h& to m\?1 & say any?+ t /rikes our m9d ) probability1 s t we are ! only p :o are really at lib]ty4 ,b1 s9ce ,i j n[ spoke ( consi/5cy1 ,i d n ?9k ! inquiry 9 ?is place is1 if ! op9ion ( ,z5o & 8 pupil ,ari/o be true t no?+ is good b :at is honorable2 b1 admitt+ t1 !n1 :e!r ! :ole ( a happy life c be re/$ on virtue alone4 ,:]e=e1 if we c]ta9ly grant ,brutus ?is1 t a wise man is always happy1 h[ consi/5t he is1 is 8 own bus9ess2 = :o1 inde$1 is m wor?y ?an himself ( ! glory ( t op9ion8 ,/ill1 we may ma9ta9 t su* a man is m happy ?an any "o else4 ,,xii4 ,?\gh ,z5o ! ,cittian1 a /rang] & an inconsid]able co9] ( words1 appe>s to h ins9uat$ himself into ! old philosophy2 /ill1 ! preval5ce ( ?is op9ion is due to ! au?ority ( ,plato1 :o (t5 makes use ( ?is expression1 ,t no?+ b virtue c be entitl$ to ! "n ( good1 agreeably to :at ,socrates says 9 ,plato's ,gorgias2 = x is !re relat$ t :5 "s "o ask$ him if he did n ?9k ,ar*elaus ! son ( ,p]diccas1 :o 0 !n look$ ^u z a mo/ =tunate p]son1 a v happy man1 ,i d n "k1 repli$ he1 = ,i nev] conv]s$ ) him4 ,:at6 is !re no o!r way y c "k x by8 ,none at all4 ,y _c1 !n1 pron\nce ( ! great k+ ( ! ,p]sians :e!r he is happy or n8 ,h[ c ,i1 :5 ,i d n "k h[ le>n$ or h[ good a man he is8 ,:at6 d y imag9e t a happy life dep5ds on t8 ,my op9ion entirely is1 t good m5 are happy1 & ! wick$ mis]able4 ,is ,ar*elaus1 !n1 mis]able8 ,c]ta9ly1 if unju/4 ,n[1 does x n appe> to y t he is "h plac+ ! :ole ( a happy life 9 virtue alone8 ,b :at does ! same man say 9 8 fun]al oration8 ,=1 sai? he1 :oev] has ev]y?+ t relates to a happy life s entirely dep5d5t on himself z n to be connect$ ) ! good or bad =tune ( ano!r1 & n to be affect$ by1 or made 9 any degree unc]ta9 by1 :at befalls ano!r2 & :oev] is su* a "o has acquir$ ! be/ rule ( liv+2 he is t mod]ate1 t brave1 t wise man1 :o submits to ! ga9 & loss ( ev]y?+1 & especially ( 8 *ildr51 & obeys t old precept2 = he w nev] be too joyful or too sad1 because he dep5ds entirely ^u himself4 ,,xiii4 ,f ,plato1 !re=e1 all my disc\rse %all be d$uc$1 z if f "s sacr$ & hall[$ f\nta94 ,:5ce c ,i1 !n1 m prop]ly beg9 ?an f ,nature1 ! p>5t ( all8 ,= :atsoev] %e produces 7,i am n speak+ only ( animals1 b ev5 ( ^? ?+s :i* h sprung f ! e>? 9 su* a mann] z to re/ on _! own roots7 %e design$ x to be p]fect 9 its respective k9d4 ,s t among trees & v9es1 & ^? l[] plants & trees :i* _c advance !mselves high above ! e>?1 "s are ev]gre51 o!rs are /ripp$ ( _! leaves 9 w9t]1 &1 w>m$ by ! spr+ season1 put !m out afre%1 & !re are none ( !m b :at are s quick5$ by a c]ta9 int]ior motion1 & _! own se$s enclos$ 9 e "o1 s z to yield fl[]s1 fruit1 or b]ries1 t all may h e p]fection t belongs to x2 provid$ no viol5ce prev5ts x4 ,b ! =ce ( ,nature itself may be m easily discov]$ 9 animals1 z %e has be/[$ s5se on !m4 ,= "s animals %e has taught to swim1 & design$ to be inhabitants ( ! wat]2 o!rs %e has enabl$ to fly1 & has will$ t !y %\ld enjoy ! b\ndless air2 "s o!rs %e has made to creep1 o!rs to walk4 ,aga91 ( ^! v animals1 "s are solit>y1 "s greg>i\s1 "s wild1 o!rs tame1 "s hidd5 & buri$ b5ea? ! e>?1 & e "o ( ^! ma9ta9s ! law ( nature1 conf9+ itself to :at 0 be/[$ on x1 & unable to *ange its mann] ( life4 ,& z e animal has f nature some?+ t di/+ui%es x1 :i* e "o ma9ta9s & nev] quits2 s man has some?+ f> m excell5t1 ?\gh ev]y?+ is said to be excell5t by comp>ison4 ,b ! human m9d1 be+ d]iv$ f ! div9e reason1 c be comp>$ ) no?+ b ) ! ,deity itself1 if ,i may be all[$ ! expression4 ,?is1 !n1 if x is improv$1 & :5 its p]ception is s pres]v$ z n to be bl9d$ by errors1 becomes a p]fect und]/&+1 t is to say1 absolute reason1 :i* is ! v same z virtue4 ,& if ev]y?+ is happy :i* wants no?+1 & is complete & p]fect 9 its k9d1 & t is ! peculi> lot ( virtue1 c]ta9ly all :o are possess$ ( virtue are happy4 ,& 9 ?is ,i agree ) ,brutus1 & also ) ,ari/otle1 ,x5ocrates1 ,speusippus1 ,polemon4 ,,xiv4 ,to me su* are ! only m5 :o appe> completely happy2 = :at c he want to a complete happy life :o relies on 8 own good qualities1 or h[ c he be happy :o does n rely on !m8 ,b he :o makes a ?reefold division ( goods mu/ necess>ily be diffid5t1 = h[ c he dep5d on hav+ a s\nd body1 or t 8 =tune %all cont9ue8 ,b no "o c be happy )\t an immovable1 fix$1 & p]man5t good4 ,:at1 !n1 is ?is op9ion ( !irs8 ,s t ,i ?9k t say+ ( ! ,sp>tan may be appli$ to !m1 :o1 on "s m]*ant's boa/+ be=e him t he _h despat*$ %ips to e m>itime coa/1 repli$ t a =tune :i* dep5d$ on ropes 0 n v desirable4 ,c !re be any d\bt t :atev] may be lo/ _c be prop]ly class$ 9 ! numb] ( ^? ?+s :i* complete a happy life8 = ( all t con/itutes a happy life1 no?+ w admit ( )]+1 or gr[+ old1 or we>+ out1 or decay+2 = :oev] is appreh5sive ( any loss ( ^! ?+s _c be happy3 ! happy man %\ld be safe1 well f5c$1 well =tifi$1 out ( ! rea* ( all annoyance1 n l a man "u trifl+ appreh5sions1 b free f all su*4 ,z he is n call$ innoc5t :o b slightly (f5ds1 b he :o (f5ds n at all1 s x is he alone :o is to be consid]$ )\t fe> :o is free f all fe>1 n he :o is b 9 little fe>4 ,= :at else is c\rage b an affection ( m9d t is ready to und]go p]ils1 & pati5t 9 ! endurance ( pa9 & labor )\t any alloy ( fe>8 ,n[1 ?is c]ta9ly c\ld n be ! case if !re 7 any?+ else good b :at dep5d$ on hone/y alone4 ,b h[ c any "o be 9 possession ( t desirable & mu*-covet$ security 7= ,i n[ call a fre$om f anxiety a security1 on :i* fre$om a happy life dep5ds7 :o has1 or may h1 a multitude ( evils att5d+ him8 ,h[ c he be brave & undaunt$1 & hold ev]y?+ z trifles :i* c befall a man8 = s a wise man %\ld d1 unless he be "o :o ?9ks t ev]y?+ dep5ds on himself4 ,c\ld ! ,lac$monians )\t ?is1 :5 ,philip ?reat5$ to prev5t all _! attempts1 h ask$ him if he c\ld prev5t _! kill+ !mselves8 ,is x n easi]1 !n1 to f9d "o man ( su* a _s z we are inquir+ aft]1 ?an to meet ) a :ole city ( su* m58 ,n[1 if to ?is c\rage ,i am speak+ ( we add temp]ance1 t x may gov]n all our feel+s & agitations1 :at c be want+ to complete 8 happ9ess :o is secur$ by 8 c\rage f uneas9ess & fe>1 & is prev5t$ f immod]ate desires & immod]ate insol5ce ( joy by temp]ance8 ,i c\ld easily %[ t virtue is able to produce ^! effects1 b t ,i h expla9$ on ! =ego+ days4 ,,xv4 ,b z ! p]turbations ( ! m9d make life mis]able1 & tranquillity r5d]s x happy2 & z ^! p]turbations are ( two sorts1 grief & fe>1 proce$+ f imag9$ evils1 & z immod]ate joy & lu/ arise f a mi/ake ab\t :at is good1 & z all ^! feel+s are 9 opposition to reason & c\nsel2 :5 y see a man at ease1 q free & dis5gag$ f su* tr\blesome commotions1 :i* are s mu* at v>iance ) "o ano!r1 c y hesitate to pron\nce su* a "o a happy man8 ,n[1 ! wise man is always 9 su* a disposition2 !re=e ! wise man is always happy4 ,besides1 e good is pleasant2 :atev] is pleasant may be boa/$ & talk$ (2 :atev] may be boa/$ ( is glori\s2 b :atev] is glori\s is c]ta9ly laudable1 & :atev] is laudable d\btless1 also1 honorable3 :atev]1 !n1 is good is honorable 7b ! ?+s :i* !y reckon z goods !y !mselves d n call honorable72 !re=e :at is honorable alone is good4 ,h5ce x foll[s t a happy life is compris$ 9 hone/y alone4 ,su* ?+s1 !n1 are n to be call$ or consid]$ goods1 :5 a man may enjoy an abundance ( !m1 & yet be mo/ mis]able4 ,is !re any d\bt b t a man :o enjoys ! be/ heal?1 & :o has /r5g? & beauty1 & 8 s5ses fl\ri%+ 9 _! utmo/ quickness & p]fection--suppose him likewise1 if y please1 nimble & active1 nay1 give him ri*es1 honors1 au?ority1 p[]1 glory--n[1 ,i say1 %\ld ?is p]son1 :o is 9 possession ( all ^!1 be unju/1 intemp]ate1 timid1 /upid1 or an idiot--c\ld y hesitate to call su* a "o mis]able8 ,:at1 !n1 are ^? goods 9 ! possession ( :i* y may be v mis]able8 ,let u see if a happy life is n made up ( p>ts ( ! same nature1 z a heap implies a quantity ( gra9 ( ! same k9d4 ,& if ?is be once admitt$1 happ9ess mu/ be comp\nd$ ( diff]5t good ?+s1 :i* alone are honorable2 if !re is any mixture ( ?+s ( ano!r sort ) ^!1 no?+ honorable c proce$ f su* a composition3 n[1 take away hone/y1 & h[ c y imag9e any?+ happy8 ,= :atev] is good is desirable on t acc\nt2 :atev] is desirable mu/ c]ta9ly be approv$ (2 :atev] y approve ( mu/ be look$ on z acceptable & welcome4 ,y mu/ consequ5tly impute dignity to ?is2 & if s1 x mu/ necess>ily be laudable3 !re=e1 ev]y?+ t is laudable is good4 ,h5ce x foll[s t :at is honorable is ! only good4 ,& %\ld we n look ^u x 9 ?is light1 !re w be a great _m ?+s :i* we mu/ call good4 ,,xvi4 ,i =be> to m5tion ri*es1 :i*1 z any "o1 let him be ev] s unwor?y1 may h !m1 ,i d n reckon among goods2 = :at is good is n atta9able by all4 ,i pass ov] notoriety & popul> fame1 rais$ by ! unit$ voice ( knaves & fools4 ,ev5 ?+s :i* are absolute no?+s may be call$ goods2 su* z :ite tee?1 h&some eyes1 a good complexion1 & :at 0 comm5d$ by ,euryclea1 :5 %e 0 wa%+ ,ulysses's feet1 ! s(tness ( 8 sk9 & ! mildness ( 8 disc\rse4 ,if y look on ^! z goods1 :at great] encomiums c ! gravity ( a philosoph] be entitl$ to ?an ! wild op9ion ( ! vulg> & ! ?\ghtless cr[d8 ,! ,/oics give ! "n ( excell5t & *oice to :at ! o!rs call good3 !y call !m s1 inde$2 b !y d n all[ !m to complete a happy life4 ,b ^! o!rs ?9k t !re is no life happy )\t !m2 or1 admitt+ x to be happy1 !y d5y x to be ! mo/ happy4 ,b our op9ion is1 t x is ! mo/ happy2 & we prove x f t conclusion ( ,socrates4 ,= ?us t au?or ( philosophy argu$3 t z ! disposition ( a man's m9d is1 s is ! man2 su* z ! man is1 su* w be 8 disc\rse2 8 actions w correspond ) 8 disc\rse1 & 8 life ) 8 actions4 ,b ! disposition ( a good man's m9d is laudable2 ! life1 !re=e1 ( a good man is laudable2 x is honorable1 !re=e1 because laudable2 ! unavoidable conclusion f :i* is t ! life ( good m5 is happy4 ,=1 good ,gods6 did ,i n make x appe>1 by my =m] argum5ts--or 0 ,i only amus+ myself & kill+ "t 9 :at ,i !n said8--t ! m9d ( a wise man 0 always free f e ha/y motion :i* ,i call a p]turbation1 & t ! mo/ undi/urb$ peace always reign$ 9 8 brea/8 ,a man1 !n1 :o is temp]ate & consi/5t1 free f fe> or grief1 & un9flu5c$ by any immod]ate joy or desire1 _c be o!rwise ?an happy2 b a wise man is always s1 !re=e he is always happy4 ,moreov]1 h[ c a good man avoid ref]r+ all 8 actions & all 8 feel+s to ! "o /&>d ( :e!r or n x is laudable8 ,b he does ref] ev]y?+ to ! object ( liv+ happily3 x foll[s1 !n1 t a happy life is laudable2 b no?+ is laudable )\t virtue3 a happy life1 !n1 is ! consequ5ce ( virtue4 ,& ?is is ! unavoidable conclusion to be drawn f ^! argum5ts4 ,,xvii4 ,a wick$ life has no?+ :i* we ought to speak ( or glory 92 nor has t life :i* is nei!r happy nor mis]able4 ,b !re is a k9d ( life t admits ( be+ spok5 (1 & glori$ 91 & boa/$ (1 z ,epam9ondas sai?1 ,! w+s ( ,sp>ta's pride my c\nsels clipp'd4 ,& ,africanus boa/s1 ,:o1 f beyond ,motis to ! place ,:]e ! sun rises1 de$s l m9e c trace8 ,if1 !n1 !re is su* a ?+ z a happy life1 x is to be glori$ 91 spok5 (1 & comm5d$ by ! p]son :o enjoys x2 = !re is no?+ except+ t :i* c be spok5 ( or glori$ 92 & :5 t is once admitt$1 y "k :at foll[s4 ,n[1 unless an honorable life is a happy life1 !re mu/1 ( c\rse1 be some?+ pref]able to a happy life2 = t :i* is honorable all m5 w c]ta9ly grant to be pref]able to any?+ else4 ,& ?us !re w be some?+ bett] ?an a happy life3 b :at c be m absurd ?an su* an ass]tion8 ,:at6 :5 !y grant vice to be effectual to ! r5d]+ life mis]able1 mu/ !y n admit t !re is a correspond+ p[] 9 virtue to make life happy8 ,= contr>ies foll[ f contr>ies4 ,& "h ,i ask :at weight !y ?9k !re is 9 ! balance ( ,critolaus1 :o hav+ put ! goods ( ! m9d into "o scale1 & ! goods ( ! body & o!r ext]nal advantages into ! o!r1 ?\ght ! goods ( ! m9d outweigh$ ! o!rs s f> t !y w\ld require ! :ole e>? & sea to equalize ! scale4 ,,xviii4 ,:at h9d]s ,critolaus1 !n1 or t grave/ ( philosoph]s1 ,x5ocrates 7:o raises virtue s high1 & :o less5s & depreciates ev]y?+ else71 f n only plac+ a happy life1 b ! happie/ possible life1 9 virtue8 ,&1 inde$1 if ?is 7 n ! case1 virtue w\ld be absolutely lo/4 ,= :oev] is subject to grief mu/ necess>ily be subject to fe> too1 = fe> is an uneasy appreh5sion ( future grief2 & :oev] is subject to fe> is liable to dread1 timidity1 con/]nation1 c[>dice4 ,!re=e1 su* a p]son may1 "s "t or o!r1 be defeat$1 & n ?9k himself conc]n$ ) t precept ( ,atreus1 ,& let m5 s conduct !mselves 9 life1 ,z to be always /rang]s to defeat4 ,b su* a man1 z ,i h said1 w be defeat$2 & n only defeat$1 b made a slave (4 ,b we w\ld h virtue always free1 always inv9cible2 & 7 x n s1 !re w\ld be an end ( virtue4 ,b if virtue has 9 h]self all t is necess>y = a good life1 %e is c]ta9ly suffici5t = happ9ess3 virtue is c]ta9ly suffici5t1 too1 = our liv+ ) c\rage2 if ) c\rage1 !n ) a magnanim\s _s1 & inde$ s z nev] to be "u any fe>1 & ?us to be always inv9cible4 ,h5ce x foll[s t !re c be no?+ to be rep5t$ (1 no wants1 no lets or h9d]ances4 ,?us all ?+s w be prosp]\s1 p]fect1 & z y w\ld h !m1 &1 consequ5tly1 happy2 b virtue is suffici5t = liv+ ) c\rage1 & !re=e virtue is able by h]self to make life happy4 ,= z folly1 ev5 :5 possess$ ( :at x desires1 nev] ?9ks x has acquir$ en\gh1 s wisdom is always satisfi$ ) ! pres5t1 & nev] rep5ts on h] own acc\nt4 ,,xix4 ,look b on ! s+le consul%ip ( ,llius1 & t1 too1 aft] hav+ be5 set aside 7?\gh :5 a wise & good man l him is outvot$1 ! p are disappo9t$ ( a good consul1 r ?an be disappo9t$ by a va9 p72 b ! po9t is1 w\ld y pref]1 7 x 9 y\r p[]1 to be once su* a consul z ,llius1 or be elect$ f\r times1 l ,c9na8 ,i h no d\bt 9 ! _w :at answ] y w make1 & x is on t acc\nt ,i put ! "q to y4 ,i w\ld n ask e "o ?is "q2 = "s "o p]haps might answ] t he w\ld n only pref] f\r consulates to "o1 b ev5 "o day ( ,c9na's life to :ole ages ( _m fam\s m54 ,llius w\ld h suff]$ _h he b t\*$ any "o ) 8 f+]2 b ,c9na ord]$ ! head ( 8 colleague consul1 ,cn4 ,octavius1 to be /ruck (f2 & put to dea? ,p4 ,crassus#eh1 & ,l4 ,cs>#ei1 ^? excell5t m51 s r5[n$ bo? at home & abroad2 & ev5 ,m4 ,antonius#fj1 ! greate/ orator :om ,i ev] he>d2 & ,c4 ,cs>1 :o seems to me to h be5 ! patt]n ( humanity1 polit5ess1 sweetness ( temp]1 & wit4 ,c\ld he1 !n1 be happy :o occasion$ ! dea? ( ^! m58 ,s f> f x1 t he seems to be mis]able1 n only = hav+ p]=m$ ^! actions1 b also = act+ 9 su* a mann] t x 0 lawful = him to d x1 ?\gh x is unlawful = any "o to d wick$ actions2 b ?is proce$s f inaccuracy1 ( spee*1 = we call :atev] a man is all[$ to d lawful4 ,0 n ,m>ius happi]1 ,i pray y1 :5 he %>$ ! glory ( ! victory ga9$ ov] ! ,cimbrians ) 8 colleague ,catulus 7:o 0 almo/ ano!r ,llius2 = ,i look ^u ! two m5 z v l "o ano!r71 ?an :51 conqu]or 9 ! civil w>1 he 9 a passion answ]$ ! fri5ds ( ,catulus1 :o 7 int]c$+ = him1 ,let him die8 ,& ?is answ] he gave1 n once only1 b (t54 ,b 9 su* a case1 he 0 happi] :o submitt$ to t b>b>\s decree ?an he :o issu$ x4 ,& x is bett] to receive an injury ?an to d "o2 & s x 0 bett] to advance a little to meet t dea? t 0 mak+ its approa*es1 z ,catulus did1 ?an1 l ,m>ius1 to sully ! glory ( six consul%ips1 & disgrace 8 latt] days1 by ! dea? ( su* a man4 ,,xx4 ,dionysius ex]cis$ 8 tyranny ov] ! ,syracusans ?irty-eight ye>s1 be+ b tw5ty-five ye>s old :5 he seiz$ on ! gov]nm5t4 ,h[ beautiful & h[ weal?y a city did he oppress ) slav]y6 ,& yet we h x f good au?ority t he 0 rem>kably temp]ate 9 8 mann] ( liv+1 t he 0 v active & en]getic 9 c>ry+ on bus9ess1 b naturally mis*iev\s & unju/2 f :i* description e "o :o dilig5tly inquires into tru? mu/ inevitably see t he 0 v mis]able4 ,nei!r did he atta9 :at he s greatly desir$1 ev5 :5 he 0 p]suad$ t he _h unlimit$ p[]2 =1 not)/&+ he 0 ( a good family & reputable p>5ts 7?\gh t is conte/$ by "s au?ors71 & _h a v l>ge acqua9tance ( intimate fri5ds & relations1 & also "s y\?s atta*$ to him by ties ( love aft] ! fa%ion ( ! ,greeks1 he c\ld n tru/ any "o ( !m1 b committ$ ! gu>d ( 8 p]son to slaves1 :om he _h select$ f ri* m5's families & made free1 & to /rang]s & b>b>ians4 ,& ?us1 ?r\gh an unju/ desire ( gov]n+1 he 9 a mann] %ut himself up 9 a prison4 ,besides1 he w\ld n tru/ 8 ?roat to a b>b]1 b _h 8 daught]s taught to %ave2 s t ^! royal virg9s 7 =c$ to desc5d to ! base & slavi% employm5t ( %av+ ! head & be>d ( _! fa!r4 ,nor w\ld he tru/ ev5 !m1 :5 !y 7 gr[n up1 ) a razor2 b contriv$ h[ !y might burn (f ! hair ( 8 head & be>d ) r$-hot nut%ells4 ,& z to 8 two wives1 ,ari/oma*e1 8 c\ntrywoman1 & ,doris ( ,locris1 he nev] visit$ !m at night be=e ev]y?+ _h be5 well se>*$ & exam9$4 ,& z he _h surr\nd$ ! place :]e 8 b$ 0 ) a broad dit*1 & made a way ov] x ) a wood5 bridge1 he drew t bridge ov] aft] %utt+ 8 b$*amb] door4 ,& z he did n d>e to /& on ! ord9>y pulpits f :i* !y usually h>angu$ ! p1 he g5]ally address$ !m f a high t[]4 ,& x is said t :5 he 0 dispos$ to play at ball--= he delight$ mu* 9 x--& _h pull$ (f 8 clo!s1 he us$ to give 8 sword into ! keep+ ( a "y man :om he 0 v fond (4 ,on ?is1 "o ( 8 intimates said pleasantly1 ,y c]ta9ly tru/ y\r life ) him2 & z ! "y man happ5$ to smile at ?is1 he ord]$ !m bo? to be sla91 ! "o = %[+ h[ he might be tak5 (f1 ! o!r = approv+ ( :at _h be5 said by smil+4 ,b he 0 s conc]n$ at :at he _h done t no?+ affect$ him m dur+ 8 :ole life2 = he _h sla9 "o to :om he 0 extremely p>tial4 ,?us d weak m5's desires pull !m diff]5t ways1 & :ile !y indulge "o1 !y act c\nt] to ano!r4 ,,xxi4 ,?is tyrant1 h[ev]1 %[$ himself h[ happy he really 02 = once1 :5 ,damocles1 "o ( 8 flatt]]s1 0 dilat+ 9 conv]sation on 8 =ces1 8 weal?1 ! greatness ( 8 p[]1 ! pl5ty he enjoy$1 ! gr&eur ( 8 royal palaces1 & ma9ta9+ t no "o 0 ev] happi]1 ,h y an incl9ation1 said he1 ,damocles1 z ?is k9d ( life pleases y1 to h a ta/e ( x y\rself1 & to make a trial ( ! good =tune t att5ds me8 ,& :5 he said t he %\ld l x extremely1 ,dionysius ord]$ him to be laid on a b$ ( gold ) ! mo/ beautiful cov]+1 embroid]$ & wr\ght ) ! mo/ exquisite "w1 & he dress$ out a great _m sidebo>ds ) silv] & emboss$ gold4 ,he !n ord]$ "s y\?s1 di/+ui%$ = _! h&some p]sons1 to wait at 8 table1 & to obs]ve 8 nod1 9 ord] to s]ve him ) :at he want$4 ,!re 7 o9tm5ts & g>l&s2 p]fumes 7 burn$2 tables provid$ ) ! mo/ exquisite meats4 ,damocles ?\ght himself v happy4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is app>atus1 ,dionysius ord]$ a bright sword to be let d[n f ! ceil+1 susp5d$ by a s+le horse-hair1 s z to hang ov] ! head ( t happy man4 ,aft] :i* he nei!r ca/ 8 eye on ^? h&some wait]s1 nor on ! well-wr\ght plate2 nor t\*$ any ( ! provisions3 pres5tly ! g>l&s fell to pieces4 ,at la/ he entreat$ ! tyrant to give him leave to g1 = t n[ he _h no desire to be happy#fa4 ,does n ,dionysius1 !n1 seem to h decl>$ !re c be no happ9ess = "o :o is "u con/ant appreh5sions8 ,b x 0 n n[ 9 8 p[] to return to ju/ice1 & re/ore 8 citiz5s _! rights & privileges2 =1 by ! indiscretion ( y\?1 he _h engag$ 9 s _m wrong /eps & committ$ su* extravagances1 t1 _h he attempt$ to h return$ to a "r way ( ?9k+1 he mu/ h endang]$ 8 life4 ,,xxii4 ,yet1 h[ desir\s he 0 ( fri5d%ip1 ?\gh at ! same "t he dread$ ! trea*]y ( fri5ds1 appe>s f ! /ory ( ^? two ,py?agoreans3 "o ( ^! _h be5 security = 8 fri5d1 :o 0 condemn$ to die2 ! o!r1 to release 8 security1 pres5t$ himself at ! "t appo9t$ = 8 dy+3 ,i wi%1 said ,dionysius1 y w\ld admit me z ! ?ird 9 y\r fri5d%ip4 ,:at mis]y 0 x = him to be depriv$ ( acqua9tance1 ( company at 8 table1 & ( ! fre$om ( conv]sation6 especially = "o :o 0 a man ( le>n+1 & f 8 *ildhood acqua9t$ ) lib]al arts1 v fond ( music1 & himself a tragic poet--h[ good a "o is n to ! purpose1 = ,i "k n h[ x is1 b 9 ?is way1 m ?an any o!r1 e "o ?9ks 8 own p]=mances excell5t4 ,i nev] z yet knew any poet 7& ,i 0 v intimate ) ,aqu9ius71 :o did n appe> to himself to be v admirable4 ,! case is ?is3 y are pleas$ ) y\r own works2 ,i l m9e4 ,b to return to ,dionysius4 ,he deb>r$ himself f all civil & polite conv]sation1 & sp5t 8 life among fugitives1 bondm51 & b>b>ians2 = he 0 p]suad$ t no "o c\ld be 8 fri5d :o 0 wor?y ( lib]ty1 or _h ! lea/ desire ( be+ free4 ,,xxiii4 ,%all ,i n1 !n1 pref] ! life ( ,plato & ,ar*ytas1 manife/ly wise & le>n$ m51 to 81 ?an :i* no?+ c possibly be m horrid1 or mis]able1 or dete/able8 ,i w pres5t y ) an humble & obscure ma!matician ( ! same city1 call$ ,ar*im$es1 :o liv$ _m ye>s aft]2 ^: tomb1 ov]gr[n ) %rubs & bri]s1 ,i 9 my qu/or%ip discov]$1 :5 ! ,syracusans knew no?+ ( x1 & ev5 d5i$ t !re 0 any su* ?+ rema9+2 = ,i rememb]$ "s v]ses1 :i* ,i _h be5 in=m$ 7 engrav$ on 8 monum5t1 & ^! set =? t on ! top ( ! tomb !re 0 plac$ a sph]e ) a cyl9d]4 ,:5 ,i _h c>efully exam9$ all ! monum5ts 7= !re are a great _m tombs at ! gate ,a*rad971 ,i obs]v$ a small column /&+ out a little above ! bri]s1 ) ! figure ( a sph]e & a cyl9d] ^u x2 :]eupon ,i imm$iately said to ! ,syracusans--= !re 7 "s ( _! pr9cipal m5 ) me !re--t ,i imag9$ t 0 :at ,i 0 inquir+ =4 ,sev]al m51 be+ s5t 9 ) scy!s1 cle>$ ! way1 & made an op5+ = u4 ,:5 we c\ld get at x1 & 7 come ne> to ! front ( ! p$e/al1 ,i f\nd ! inscription1 ?\gh ! latt] p>ts ( all ! v]ses 7 effac$ almo/ half away4 ,?us "o ( ! noble/ cities ( ,greece1 & "o :i* at "o "t likewise _h be5 v celebrat$ = le>n+1 _h kn[n no?+ ( ! monum5t ( its greate/ g5ius1 if x _h n be5 discov]$ to !m by a native ( ,arp9um4 ,b to return to ! subject f :i* ,i h be5 digress+4 ,:o is !re 9 ! lea/ degree acqua9t$ ) ! ,muses1 t is1 ) lib]al k1 or t deals at all 9 le>n+1 :o w\ld n *oose to be ?is ma!matician r ?an t tyrant8 ,if we look into _! me?ods ( liv+ & _! employm5ts1 we %all f9d ! m9d ( ! "o /r5g!n$ & improv$ ) trac+ ! d$uctions ( reason1 amus$ ) 8 own +5uity1 :i* is ! "o mo/ delici\s food ( ! m9d2 ! ?\ghts ( ! o!r engag$ 9 cont9ual murd]s & injuries1 9 con/ant fe>s by night & by day4 ,n[ imag9e a ,democritus1 a ,py?agoras1 & an ,anaxagoras2 :at k+dom1 :at ri*es1 w\ld y pref] to _! /udies & amusem5ts8 ,= y mu/ necess>ily look = t excell5ce :i* we are seek+ = 9 t :i* is ! mo/ p]fect "p ( man2 b :at is !re bett] 9 man ?an a sagaci\s & good m9d8 ,! enjoym5t1 !re=e1 ( t good :i* proce$s f t sagaci\s m9d c alone make u happy2 b virtue is ! good ( ! m9d3 x foll[s1 !re=e1 t a happy life dep5ds on virtue4 ,h5ce proce$ all ?+s t are beautiful1 honorable1 & excell5t1 z ,i said above 7b ?is po9t mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be treat$ ( m at l>ge71 & !y are well /or$ ) joys4 ,=1 z x is cle> t a happy life consi/s 9 p]petual & unexhau/$ pleasures1 x foll[s1 too1 t a happy life mu/ arise f hone/y4 ,,xxiv4 ,b t :at ,i propose to demon/rate to y may n re/ on m]e words only1 ,i mu/ set be=e y ! picture ( some?+1 z x 71 liv+ & mov+ 9 ! _w1 t may dispose u m = ! improvem5t ( ! und]/&+ & real k4 ,let u1 !n1 pit* ^u "s man p]fectly acqua9t$ ) ! mo/ excell5t arts2 let u pres5t him = a:ile to our own ?\ghts1 & figure him to our own imag9ations4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he mu/ necess>ily be ( an extraord9>y capacity2 = virtue is n easily connect$ ) dull m9ds4 ,secondly1 he mu/ h a great desire ( discov]+ tru?1 f :5ce w arise t ?reefold production ( ! m9d2 "o ( :i* dep5ds on kn[+ ?+s1 & expla9+ nature2 ! o!r1 9 def9+ :at we ought to desire & :at to avoid2 ! ?ird1 9 judg+ ( consequ5ces & impossibilities1 9 :i* consi/s bo? subtlety 9 disput+ & also cle>ness ( judgm5t4 ,n[1 ) :at pleasure mu/ ! m9d ( a wise man be affect$ :i* cont9ually dwells 9 ! mid/ ( su* c>es & occupations z ^!1 :5 he views ! revolutions & motions ( ! :ole _w1 & sees ^? innum]able />s 9 ! heav5s1 :i*1 ?\gh fix$ 9 _! places1 h yet "o motion 9 common ) ! :ole univ]se1 & obs]ves ! sev5 o!r />s1 "s high]1 "s l[]1 ea* ma9ta9+ _! own c\rse1 :ile _! motions1 ?\gh w&]+1 h c]ta9 def9$ & appo9t$ spaces to run ?r\gh6 ! sight ( :i* d\btless urg$ & enc\rag$ ^? anci5t philosoph]s to ex]cise _! inve/igat+ _s on _m o!r ?+s4 ,h5ce arose an inquiry aft] ! beg9n+s1 &1 z x 71 se$s f :i* all ?+s 7 produc$ & compos$2 :at 0 ! orig9 ( e k9d ( ?+1 :e!r animate or inanimate1 articulately speak+ or mute2 :at occasion$ _! beg9n+ & end1 & by :at alt]ation & *ange "o ?+ 0 conv]t$ into ano!r2 :5ce ! e>? orig9at$1 & by :at weights x 0 balanc$2 by :at cav]ns ! seas 7 suppli$2 by :at gravity all ?+s be+ c>ri$ d[n t5d always to ! middle ( ! _w1 :i* 9 any r\nd body is ! l[e/ place4 ,,xxv4 ,a m9d employ$ on su* subjects1 & :i* night & day contemplates !m1 conta9s 9 itself t precept ( ! ,delphic ,god1 s z to "k itself1 & to p]ceive its connection ) ! div9e reason1 f :5ce x is fill$ ) an insatiable joy4 ,= reflections on ! p[] & nature ( ! ,gods raise 9 u a desire ( imitat+ _! et]nity4 ,nor does ! m9d1 t sees ! necess>y dep5d5ces & connections t "o cause has ) ano!r1 ?9k x possible t x %\ld be itself conf9$ to ! %ortness ( ?is life4 ,^? causes1 ?\gh !y proce$ f et]nity to et]nity1 are gov]n$ by reason & und]/&+4 ,& he :o beholds !m & exam9es !m1 or r he ^: view takes 9 all ! p>ts & b\nd>ies ( ?+s1 ) :at tranquillity ( m9d does he look on all human affairs1 & on all t is ne>] him6 ,h5ce proce$s ! k ( virtue2 h5ce arise ! k9ds & species ( virtues2 h5ce are discov]$ ^? ?+s :i* nature reg>ds z ! b\nds & extremities ( good & evil2 by ?is x is discov]$ to :at all duties ought to be ref]r$1 & :i* is ! mo/ eligible mann] ( life4 ,& :5 ^! & simil> po9ts h be5 inve/igat$1 ! pr9cipal consequ5ce :i* is d$uc$ f !m1 & t :i* is our ma9 object 9 ?is discussion1 is ! e/abli%m5t ( ! po9t1 t virtue is ( itself suffici5t to a happy life4 ,! ?ird qualification ( our wise man is ! next to be consid]$1 :i* goes ?r\gh & spreads itself ov] e "p ( wisdom2 x is t :]eby we def9e ea* p>ticul> ?+1 di/+ui% ! g5us f its species1 connect consequ5ces1 draw j conclusions1 & di/+ui% tru? f falsehood1 :i* is ! v art & sci5ce ( disput+2 :i* is n only ( ! greate/ use 9 ! exam9ation ( :at passes 9 ! _w1 b is likewise ! mo/ rational ent]ta9m5t1 & t :i* is mo/ becom+ to true wisdom4 ,su* are its effects 9 retirem5t4 ,n[1 let our wise man be consid]$ z protect+ ! republic2 :at c be m excell5t ?an su* a "*8 ,by 8 prud5ce he w discov] ! true int]e/s ( 8 fell[-citiz5s2 by 8 ju/ice he w be prev5t$ f apply+ :at belongs to ! public to 8 own use2 &1 9 %ort1 he w be ev] gov]n$ by all ! virtues1 :i* are _m & v>i\s4 ,to ^! let u add ! advantage ( 8 fri5d%ips2 9 :i* ! le>n$ reckon n only a natural h>mony & agreem5t ( s5tim5ts ?r\gh\t ! conduct ( life1 b ! utmo/ pleasure & satisfaction 9 conv]s+ & pass+ our "t con/antly ) "o ano!r4 ,:at c be want+ to su* a life z ?is to make x m happy ?an x is8 ,=tune h]self mu/ yield to a life /or$ ) su* joys4 ,n[1 if x be a happ9ess to rejoice 9 su* goods ( ! m9d1 t is to say1 9 su* virtues1 & if all wise m5 enjoy ?or\ghly ^! pleasures1 x mu/ necess>ily be grant$ t all su* are happy4 ,,xxvi4 ,a4 ,:at1 :5 9 torm5ts & on ! rack8 ,m4 ,d y imag9e ,i am speak+ ( him z laid on roses & violets8 ,is x all[able ev5 = ,epicurus 7:o only puts on ! appe>ance ( be+ a philosoph]1 & :o himself assum$ t "n = himself7 to say 7?\gh1 z matt]s /&1 ,i comm5d him = 8 say+7 t a wise man might at all times cry out1 ?\gh he be burn$1 tortur$1 cut to pieces1 ,h[ little ,i reg>d x6 ,%all ?is be said by "o :o def9es all evil z pa91 & measures e good by pleasure2 :o c\ld ridicule :atev] we call ei!r honorable or base1 & c\ld decl>e ( u t we 7 employ$ ab\t words1 & utt]+ m]e empty s\nds2 & t no?+ is to be reg>d$ by u b z x is p]ceiv$ to be smoo? or r\gh by ! body8 ,:at6 %all su* a man z ?is1 z ,i said1 ^: und]/&+ is little sup]ior to ! bea/s'1 be at lib]ty to =get himself2 & n only to despise =tune1 :5 ! :ole ( 8 good & evil is 9 ! p[] ( =tune1 b to say t he is happy 9 ! mo/ rack+ torture1 :5 he _h actually decl>$ pa9 to be n only ! greate/ evil1 b ! only "o8 ,nor did he take any tr\ble to provide himself ) ^? rem$ies :i* might h enabl$ him to be> pa91 su* z firmness ( m9d1 a %ame ( do+ any?+ base1 ex]cise1 & ! habit ( pati5ce1 precepts ( c\rage1 & a manly h>d9ess2 b he says t he supports himself on ! s+le recollection ( pa/ pleasures1 z if any "o1 :5 ! wea!r 0 s hot z t he 0 sc>cely able to be> x1 %\ld com=t himself by recollect+ t he 0 once 9 my c\ntry1 ,arp9um1 :]e he 0 surr\nd$ on e side by cool+ /reams4 ,= ,i d n appreh5d h[ pa/ pleasures c allay pres5t evils4 ,b :5 he says t a wise man is always happy :o w\ld h no "r to say s if he 7 consi/5t ) himself1 :at may !y n d :o all[ no?+ to be desirable1 no?+ to be look$ on z good b :at is honorable8 ,let1 !n1 ! ,p]ipatetics & ,old ,academics foll[ my example1 & at l5g? leave (f mutt]+ to !mselves2 & op5ly & ) a cle> voice let !m be bold to say t a happy life may n be inconsi/5t ) ! agonies ( ,phal>is's bull4 ,,xxvii4 ,b to dismiss ! subtleties ( ! ,/oics1 :i* ,i am s5sible ,i h employ$ m ?an 0 necess>y1 let u admit ( ?ree k9ds ( goods2 & let !m really be k9ds ( goods1 provid$ no reg>d is _h to ! body & to ext]nal circum/ances1 z entitl$ to ! appellation ( good 9 any o!r s5se ?an because we are oblig$ to use !m3 b let ^? o!r div9e goods spread !mselves f> 9 e direction1 & rea* ! v heav5s4 ,:y1 !n1 may ,i n call him happy1 nay1 ! happie/ ( m51 :o has atta9$ !m8 ,%all a wise man be afraid ( pa98 :i* is1 inde$1 ! greate/ enemy to our op9ion4 ,= ,i am p]suad$ t we are prep>$ & =tifi$ suffici5tly1 by ! disputations ( ! =ego+ days1 aga9/ our own dea? or t ( our fri5ds1 aga9/ grief1 & ! o!r p]turbations ( ! m9d4 ,b pa9 seems to be ! %>pe/ adv]s>y ( virtue2 t x is :i* m5aces u ) burn+ tor*es2 t x is :i* ?reat5s to cru% our =titude1 & greatness ( m9d1 & pati5ce4 ,%all virtue1 !n1 yield to ?is8 ,%all ! happy life ( a wise & consi/5t man succumb to ?is8 ,good4 ,gods6 h[ base w\ld ?is be6 ,sp>tan boys w be> to h _! bodies torn by rods )\t utt]+ a groan4 ,i myself h se5 at ,lac$mon troops ( "y m51 ) incr$ible e>ne/ness cont5d+ toge!r ) _! h&s & feet1 ) _! tee? & nails1 nay1 ev5 ready to expire1 r ?an own !mselves conqu]$4 ,is any c\ntry ( b>b>ians m unciviliz$ or desolate ?an ,india8 ,yet !y h among !m "s t are held = wise m51 :o nev] we> any clo!s all _! life long1 & :o be> ! sn[ ( ,caucasus1 & ! pi]c+ cold ( w9t]1 )\t any pa92 & :o if !y come 9 contact ) fire endure be+ burn$ )\t a groan4 ,! wom51 too1 9 ,india1 on ! dea? ( _! husb&s h a regul> conte/1 & apply to ! judge to h x det]m9$ :i* ( !m 0 be/ belov$ by him2 = x is cu/om>y !re = "o man to h _m wives4 ,%e 9 ^: favor x is det]m9$ exults greatly1 & be+ att5d$ by h] relations1 is laid on ! fun]al pile ) h] husb&2 ! o!rs1 :o are po/pon$1 walk away v mu* deject$4 ,cu/om c nev] be sup]ior to nature1 = nature is nev] to be got ! bett] (4 ,b our m9ds are infect$ by slo? & idl5ess1 & luxury1 & languor1 & indol5ce3 we h en]vat$ !m by op9ions & bad cu/oms4 ,:o is !re :o is unacqua9t$ ) ! cu/oms ( ! ,egyptians8 ,_! m9ds be+ ta9t$ by p]nici\s op9ions1 !y are ready to be> any torture r ?an hurt an ibis1 a snake1 a cat1 a dog1 or a crocodile2 & %\ld any "o inadv]t5tly h hurt any ( ^! animals1 he w submit to any puni%m5t4 ,i am speak+ ( m5 only4 ,z to ! bea/s1 d !y n be> cold & hung]1 runn+ ab\t 9 woods1 & on m\nta9s & des]ts8 ,w !y n fight = _! "y ones till !y are w\nd$8 ,are !y afraid ( any attacks or bl[s8 ,i m5tion n :at ! ambiti\s w suff] = honor's sake1 or ^? :o are desir\s ( praise on acc\nt ( glory1 or lov]s to gratify _! lu/4 ,life is full ( su* in/ances4 ,,xxviii4 ,b let u n dwell too mu* on ^! que/ions1 b r let u return to our subject4 ,i say1 & say aga91 t happ9ess w submit ev5 to be torm5t$2 & t 9 pursuit ( ju/ice1 & temp]ance1 & /ill m especially & pr9cipally =titude1 & greatness ( s\l1 & pati5ce1 x w n /op %ort at sight ( ! execution]2 & :5 all o!r virtues proce$ calmly to ! torture1 t "o w nev] halt1 z ,i said1 on ! outside & ?re%old ( ! prison2 = :at c be bas]1 :at c c>ry a worse appe>ance1 ?an to be left alone1 sep>at$ f ^? beautiful att5dants8 ,n1 h[ev]1 t ?is is by any means possible2 = nei!r c ! virtues hold toge!r )\t happ9ess1 nor happ9ess )\t ! virtues2 s t !y w n suff] h] to des]t !m1 b w c>ry h] along ) !m1 to :atev] torm5ts1 to :atev] pa9 !y are l$4 ,= x is ! peculi> quality ( a wise man to d no?+ t he may rep5t (1 no?+ aga9/ 8 incl9ation1 b always to act nobly1 ) con/ancy1 gravity1 & hone/y2 to dep5d on no?+ z c]ta9ty2 to wond] at no?+1 :5 x falls out1 z if x appe>$ /range & unexpect$ to him2 to be indep5d5t ( e "o1 & abide by 8 own op9ion4 ,= my "p1 ,i _c =m an idea ( any?+ happi] ?an ?is4 ,! conclusion ( ! ,/oics is inde$ easy2 = s9ce !y are p]suad$ t ! end ( good is to live agreeably to nature1 & to be consi/5t ) t--z a wise man %\ld d s1 n only because x is 8 duty1 b because x is 9 8 p[]--x mu/1 ( c\rse1 foll[ t :oev] has ! *ief good 9 8 p[] has 8 happ9ess s too4 ,& ?us ! life ( a wise man is always happy4 ,y h "h :at ,i ?9k may be confid5tly said ( a happy life2 & z ?+s n[ /&1 v truly also1 unless y c advance some?+ bett]4 ,,xxix4 ,a4 ,inde$ ,i _c2 b ,i %\ld be glad to prevail on y1 unless x is tr\blesome 7z y are "u no conf9em5t f obligations to any p>ticul> sect1 b ga!r f all ( !m :atev] /rikes y mo/ z hav+ ! appe>ance ( probability71 z y j n[ seem$ to advise ! ,p]ipatetics & ! ,old ,academy boldly to speak out )\t res]ve1 t wise m5 are always ! happie/--,i %\ld be glad to he> h[ y ?9k x consi/5t = !m to say s1 :5 y h said s mu* aga9/ t op9ion1 & ! conclusions ( ! ,/oics4 ,m4 ,i w make use1 !n1 ( t lib]ty :i* no "o has ! privilege ( us+ 9 philosophy b ^? ( our s*ool1 ^: disc\rses det]m9e no?+1 b take 9 ev]y?+1 leav+ !m unsupport$ by ! au?ority ( any p>ticul> p]son1 to be judg$ ( by o!rs1 accord+ to _! weight4 ,& z y seem desir\s ( kn[+ h[ x is t1 not)/&+ ! diff]5t op9ions ( philosoph]s ) reg>d to ! ends ( goods1 virtue has /ill suffici5t security = ! effect+ ( a happy life--:i* security1 z we are in=m$1 ,c>neades us$ inde$ to dispute aga9/2 b he disput$ z aga9/ ! ,/oics1 ^: op9ions he combat$ ) great zeal & vehem5ce4 ,i1 h[ev]1 %all h&le ! "q ) m temp]2 = if ! ,/oics h rightly settl$ ! ends ( goods1 ! affair is at an end2 = a wise man mu/ necess>ily be always happy4 ,b let u exam9e1 if we c1 ! p>ticul> op9ions ( ! o!rs1 t s ?is excell5t decision1 if ,i may s call x1 9 favor ( a happy life1 may be agreeable to ! op9ions & discipl9e ( all4 ,,xxx4 ,^!1 !n1 are ! op9ions1 z ,i ?9k1 t are held & def5d$--! fir/ f\r are simple ones3 t no?+ is good b :at is hone/1 accord+ to ! ,/oics2 no?+ good b pleasure1 z ,epicurus ma9ta9s2 no?+ good b a fre$om f pa91 z ,hi]onymus#fb ass]ts2 no?+ good b an enjoym5t ( ! pr9cipal1 or all1 or ! greate/ goods ( nature1 z ,c>neades ma9ta9$ aga9/ ! ,/oics--^! are simple1 ! o!rs are mix$ propositions4 ,!n !re are ?ree k9ds ( goods3 ! greate/ be+ ^? ( ! m9d2 ! next be/ ^? ( ! body2 ! ?ird are ext]nal goods1 z ! ,p]ipatetics call !m1 & ! ,old ,academics diff] v little f !m4 ,d9oma*us#fc & ,callipho#fd h c\pl$ pleasure ) hone/y2 b ,diodorus#fe ! ,p]ipatetic has jo9$ indol5ce to hone/y4 ,^! are ! op9ions t h "s foot+2 = ^? ( ,ari/o1#ff ,pyrrho1#fg ,h]illus1#fh & ( "s o!rs1 are q out ( date4 ,n[ let u see :at weight ^! m5 h 9 !m1 except+ ! ,/oics1 ^: op9ion ,i ?9k ,i h suffici5tly def5d$2 & inde$ ,i h expla9$ :at ! ,p]ipatetics h to say2 except+ t ,!ophra/us1 & ^? :o foll[$ him1 dread & abhor pa9 9 too weak a mann]4 ,! o!rs may g on to exagg]ate ! gravity & dignity ( virtue1 z usual2 & !n1 aft] !y h extoll$ x to ! skies1 ) ! usual extravagance ( good orators1 x is easy to r$uce ! o!r topics to no?+ by comp>ison1 & to hold !m up to contempt4 ,!y :o ?9k t praise des]ves to be s\ght aft]1 ev5 at ! exp5se ( pa91 are n at lib]ty to d5y ^? m5 to be happy :o h obta9$ x4 ,?\gh !y may be "u "s evils1 yet ?is "n ( happy has a v wide application4 ,,xxxi4 ,= ev5 z trad+ is said to be lucrative1 & f>m+ advantage\s1 n because ! "o nev] meets ) any loss1 nor ! o!r ) any damage f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r1 b because !y succe$ 9 g5]al2 s life may be prop]ly call$ happy1 n f its be+ entirely made up ( good ?+s1 b because x ab\nds ) ^! to a great & consid]able degree4 ,by ?is way ( reason+1 !n1 a happy life may att5d virtue ev5 to ! mom5t ( execution2 nay1 may desc5d ) h] into ,phal>is's bull1 accord+ to ,ari/otle1 ,x5ocrates1 ,speusippus1 ,polemon2 & w n be ga9$ ov] by any allurem5ts to =sake h]4 ,( ! same op9ion w ,calliphon & ,diodorus be2 = !y are bo? ( !m su* fri5ds to virtue z to ?9k t all ?+s %\ld be disc>d$ & f> remov$ t are incompatible ) x4 ,! re/ seem to be m hamp]$ ) ^! doctr9es1 b yet !y get cle> ( !m2 su* z ,epicurus1 ,hi]onymus1 & :oev] else ?9ks x wor? :ile to def5d ! des]t$ ,c>neades3 = !re is n "o ( !m :o does n ?9k ! m9d to be judge ( ^? goods1 & able suffici5tly to in/ruct him h[ to despise :at has ! appe>ance only ( good or evil4 ,= :at seems to y to be ! case ) ,epicurus is ! case also ) ,hi]onymus & ,c>neades1 &1 inde$1 ) all ! re/ ( !m2 = :o is !re :o is n suffici5tly prep>$ aga9/ dea? & pa98 ,i w beg91 ) y\r leave1 ) him :om we call s(t & voluptu\s4 ,:at6 does he seem1 to y to be afraid ( dea? or pa9 :5 he calls ! day ( 8 dea? happy2 & :o1 :5 he is afflict$ by ! greate/ pa9s1 sil5ces !m all by recollect+ argum5ts ( 8 own discov]+8 ,& ?is is n done 9 su* a mann] z to give room = imag9+ t he talks ?us wildly f "s sudd5 impulse2 b 8 op9ion ( dea? is1 t on ! dissolution ( ! animal all s5se is lo/2 & :at is depriv$ ( s5se is1 z he ?9ks1 :at we h no conc]n at all )4 ,& z to pa91 too1 he has c]ta9 rules to foll[ !n3 if x be great1 ! com=t is t x mu/ be %ort2 if x be ( long cont9uance1 !n x mu/ be supportable4 ,:at1 !n8 ,d ^? gr&iloqu5t g5tlem5 /ate any?+ bett] ?an ,epicurus 9 opposition to ^! two ?+s :i* di/ress u ! mo/8 ,& z to o!r ?+s1 d n ,epicurus & ! re/ ( ! philosoph]s seem suffici5tly prep>$8 ,:o is !re :o does n dread pov]ty8 ,& yet no true philosoph] ev] c dread x4 ,,xxxii4 ,b ) h[ little is ?is man himself satisfi$6 ,no "o has said m on frugality4 ,= :5 a man is f> remov$ f ^? ?+s :i* occasion a desire ( money1 f love1 ambition1 or o!r daily extravagance1 :y %\ld he be fond ( money1 or conc]n himself at all ab\t x8 ,c\ld ! ,scy?ian ,ana*>sis#fi disreg>d money1 & %all n our philosoph]s be able to d s8 ,we are in=m$ ( an epi/le ( 8 9 ^! words3 ,ana*>sis to ,hanno1 greet+4 ,my clo?+ is ! same z t ) :i* ! ,scy?ians cov] !mselves2 ! h>dness ( my feet supplies ! want ( %oes2 ! gr\nd is my b$1 hung] my sauce1 my food milk1 *eese1 & fle%4 ,s y may come to me z to a man 9 want ( no?+4 ,b z to ^? pres5ts y take s mu* pleasure 91 y may dispose ( !m to y\r own citiz5s1 or to ! immortal ,gods4 ,& almo/ all philosoph]s1 ( all s*ools1 except+ ^? :o are w>p$ f "r reason by a vici\s disposition1 might h be5 ( ?is same op9ion4 ,socrates1 :5 on "o occasion he saw a great quantity ( gold & silv] c>ri$ 9 a procession1 cri$ out1 ,h[ _m ?+s are !re :i* ,i d n want6 ,x5ocrates1 :5 "s ambassadors f ,alex&] _h br\ght him fifty tal5ts1 :i* 0 a v l>ge sum ( money 9 ^? times1 especially at ,a!ns1 c>ri$ ! ambassadors to sup 9 ! ,academy1 & plac$ j a suffici5cy be=e !m1 )\t any app>atus4 ,:5 !y ask$ him1 ! next day1 to :om he wi%$ ! money :i* !y _h = him to be paid3 ,:at6 said he1 did y n p]ceive by our slight repa/ ( ye/]day t ,i _h no occasion = money8 ,b :5 he p]ceiv$ t !y 7 some:at deject$1 he accept$ ( ?irty m9as1 t he might n seem to treat ) disrespect ! k+'s g5]osity4 ,b ,diog5es took a great] lib]ty1 l a ,cynic1 :5 ,alex&] ask$ him if he want$ any?+3 ,j at pres5t1 said he1 ,i wi% t y w\ld /& a little out ( ! l9e betwe5 me & ! sun1 = ,alex&] 0 h9d]+ him f sunn+ himself4 ,&1 inde$1 ?is v man us$ to ma9ta9 h[ mu* he surpass$ ! ,p]sian k+ 9 8 mann] ( life & =tune2 = t he himself 0 9 want ( no?+1 :ile ! o!r nev] _h en\gh2 & t he _h no incl9ation = ^? pleasures ( :i* ! o!r c\ld nev] get en\gh to satisfy himself2 & t ! o!r c\ld nev] obta9 84 ,,xxxiii4 ,y see1 ,i imag9e1 h[ ,epicurus has divid$ 8 k9ds ( desires1 n v acutely p]haps1 b yet usefully3 say+ t !y are p>tly natural & necess>y2 p>tly natural1 b n necess>y2 p>tly nei!r4 ,t ^? :i* are necess>y may be suppli$ almo/ = no?+2 = t ! ?+s :i* nature requires are easily obta9$4 ,z to ! second k9d ( desires1 8 op9ion is t any "o may easily ei!r enjoy or g )\t !m4 ,& ) reg>d to ! ?ird1 s9ce !y are utt]ly frivol\s1 be+ nei!r alli$ to necessity nor nature1 he ?9ks t !y %\ld be entirely root$ out4 ,on ?is topic a great _m argum5ts are adduc$ by ! ,epicureans2 & ^? pleasures :i* !y d n despise 9 a body1 !y disp>age "o by "o1 & seem r = less5+ ! numb] ( !m2 = z to wanton pleasures1 on :i* subject !y say a great deal1 ^!1 say !y1 are easy1 common1 & )9 any "o's rea*2 & !y ?9k t if nature requires !m1 !y are n to be e/imat$ by bir?1 condition1 or rank1 b by %ape1 age1 & p]son3 & t x is by no means difficult to refra9 f !m1 %\ld heal?1 duty1 or reputation require x2 b t pleasures ( ?is k9d may be desirable1 :]e !y are att5d$ ) no inconv5i5ce1 b c nev] be ( any use4 ,& ! ass]tions :i* ,epicurus makes ) respect to ! :ole ( pleasure are su* z %[ 8 op9ion to be t pleasure is always desirable1 & to be pursu$ m]ely because x is pleasure2 & = ! same reason pa9 is to be avoid$1 because x is pa94 ,s t a wise man w always adopt su* a sy/em ( c\nt]balanc+ z to d himself ! ju/ice to avoid pleasure1 %\ld pa9 ensue f x 9 too great a proportion2 & w submit to pa91 provid$ ! effects ( x are to produce a great] pleasure3 s t all pleasurable ?+s1 ?\gh ! corporeal s5ses are ! judges ( !m1 are /ill to be ref]r$ to ! m9d1 on :i* acc\nt ! body rejoices :ile x p]ceives a pres5t pleasure2 b t ! m9d n only p]ceives ! pres5t z well z ! body1 b =esees x :ile x is com+1 & ev5 :5 x is pa/ w n let x q slip away4 ,s t a wise man enjoys a cont9ual s]ies ( pleasures1 unit+ ! expectation ( future pleasure to ! recollection ( :at he has already ta/$4 ,! l notions are appli$ by !m to high liv+2 & ! magnific5ce & exp5siv5ess ( ent]ta9m5ts are deprecat$1 because nature is satisfi$ at a small exp5se4 ,,xxxiv4 ,= :o does n see ?is1 t an appetite is ! be/ sauce8 ,:5 ,d>ius1 9 8 flight f ! enemy1 _h drunk "s wat] :i* 0 muddy & ta9t$ ) dead bodies1 he decl>$ t he _h nev] drunk any?+ m pleasant2 ! fact 01 t he _h nev] drunk be=e :5 he 0 ?ir/y4 ,nor _h ,ptolemy ev] eat5 :5 he 0 hungry2 = z he 0 travell+ ov] ,egypt1 8 company n keep+ up ) him1 he _h "s co>se bread pres5t$ him 9 a cottage1 ^u :i* he said1 ,no?+ ev] seem$ to him pleasant] ?an t bread4 ,!y relate1 too1 ( ,socrates1 t1 once :5 he 0 walk+ v fa/ till ! ev5+1 on 8 be+ ask$ :y he did s1 8 reply 0 t he 0 pur*as+ an appetite by walk+1 t he might sup ! bett]4 ,& d we n see :at ! ,lac$monians provide 9 _! ,phiditia8 :]e ! tyrant ,dionysius supp$1 b told !m he did n at all l t black bro?1 :i* 0 _! pr9cipal di%2 on :i* he :o dress$ x said1 ,x 0 no wond]1 = x want$ season+4 ,dionysius ask$ :at t season+ 02 to :i* x 0 repli$1 ,fatigue 9 hunt+1 sweat+1 a race on ! banks ( ,eurotas1 hung] & ?ir/1 = ^! are ! season+s to ! ,lac$monian banquets4 ,& ?is may n only be conceiv$ f ! cu/om ( m51 b f ! bea/s1 :o are satisfi$ ) any?+ t is ?r[n be=e !m1 provid$ x is n unnatural1 & !y seek no f>!r4 ,"s entire cities1 taught by cu/om1 delight 9 p>simony1 z ,i said b j n[ ( ! ,lac$monians4 ,x5ophon has giv5 an acc\nt ( ! ,p]sian diet1 :o nev]1 z he sai?1 use any?+ b cresses ) _! bread2 n b t1 %\ld nature require any?+ m agreeable1 _m ?+s might be easily suppli$ by ! gr\nd1 & plants 9 great abundance1 & ( incomp>able sweetness4 ,add to ?is /r5g? & heal?1 z ! consequ5ce ( ?is ab/emi\s way ( liv+4 ,n[1 comp>e ) ?is ^? :o sweat & bel*1 be+ cramm$ ) eat+1 l fatt$ ox52 !n w y p]ceive t !y :o pursue pleasure mo/ atta9 x lea/2 & t ! pleasure ( eat+ lies n 9 satiety1 b appetite4 ,,xxxv4 ,!y report ( ,timo!us1 a fam\s man at ,a!ns1 & ! head ( ! city1 t hav+ supp$ ) ,plato1 & be+ extremely delight$ ) 8 ent]ta9m5t1 on see+ him ! next day1 he said1 ,y\r supp]s are n only agreeable :ile ,i p>take ( !m1 b ! next day also4 ,besides1 ! und]/&+ is impair$ :5 we are full ) ov]eat+ & dr9k+4 ,!re is an excell5t epi/le ( ,plato to ,dion's relations1 9 :i* !re occurs z ne>ly z possible ^! words3 ,:5 ,i came !re1 t happy life s mu* talk$ (1 devot$ to ,italian & ,syracusan ent]ta9m5ts1 0 n[ays agreeable to me2 to be cramm$ twice a day1 & nev] to h ! night to y\rself1 & ! o!r ?+s :i* are ! accompanim5ts ( ?is k9d ( life1 by :i* a man w nev] be made ! wis]1 b w be r5d]$ mu* less temp]ate2 = x mu/ be an extraord9>y disposition t c be temp]ate 9 su* circum/ances4 ,h[1 !n1 c a life be pleasant )\t prud5ce & temp]ance8 ,h5ce y discov] ! mi/ake ( ,s>danapalus1 ! weal?ie/ k+ ( ! ,assyrians1 :o ord]$ x to be engrav$ on 8 tomb1 ,i /ill h :at 9 food ,i did exhau/2 ,b :at ,i left1 ?\gh excell5t1 is lo/4 ,:at less ?an ?is1 says ,ari/otle1 c\ld be inscrib$ on ! tomb1 n ( a k+1 b an ox8 ,he said t he possess$ ^? ?+s :5 dead1 :i*1 9 8 lifetime1 he c\ld h no long] ?an :ile he 0 enjoy+ !m4 ,:y1 !n1 are ri*es desir$8 ,& :]e9 do? pov]ty prev5t u f be+ happy8 ,9 ! want1 ,i imag9e1 ( /atues1 pictures1 & div]sions4 ,b if any "o is delight$ ) ^! ?+s1 h n ! poor p ! enjoym5t ( !m m ?an !y :o are ! own]s ( !m 9 ! greate/ abundance8 ,= we h great numb]s ( !m display$ publicly 9 our city4 ,& :atev] /ore ( !m private p h1 !y _c h a great numb]1 & !y b seldom see !m1 only :5 !y g to _! c\ntry seats2 & "s ( !m mu/ be /ung to ! he>t :5 !y consid] h[ !y came by !m4 ,! day w\ld fail me1 %\ld ,i be incl9$ to def5d ! cause ( pov]ty4 ,! ?+ is manife/2 & nature daily in=ms u h[ few ?+s !re are1 & h[ trifl+ !y are1 ( :i* %e really /&s 9 ne$4 ,,xxxvi4 ,let u inquire1 !n1 if obscurity1 ! want ( p[]1 or ev5 ! be+ unpopul>1 c prev5t a wise man f be+ happy4 ,obs]ve if popul> favor1 & ?is glory :i* !y are s fond (1 be n att5d$ ) m uneas9ess ?an pleasure4 ,our fri5d ,demo/h5es 0 c]ta9ly v weak 9 decl>+ himself pleas$ ) ! :isp] ( a woman :o 0 c>ry+ wat]1 z is ! cu/om 9 ,greece1 & :o :isp]$ to ano!r1 ,t is he--t is ,demo/h5es4 ,:at c\ld be weak] ?an ?is8 & yet :at an orator he 06 ,b al?\gh he _h le>n$ to speak to o!rs1 he _h conv]s$ b little ) himself4 ,we may p]ceive1 !re=e1 t popul> glory is n desirable ( itself2 nor is obscurity to be dread$4 ,i came to ,a!ns1 sai? ,democritus1 & !re 0 no "o !re t knew me3 ?is 0 a mod]ate & grave man :o c\ld glory 9 8 obscurity4 ,%all musicians compose _! tunes to _! own ta/es8 & %all a philosoph]1 ma/] ( a mu* bett] art1 seek to asc]ta91 n :at is mo/ true1 b :at w please ! p8 ,c any?+ be m absurd ?an to despise ! vulg> z m]e unpoli%$ me*anics1 tak5 s+ly1 & to ?9k !m ( consequ5ce :5 collect$ into a body8 ,^! wise m5 w\ld contemn our ambiti\s pursuits & our vanities1 & w\ld reject all ! honors :i* ! p c\ld volunt>ily (f] to !m2 b we "k n h[ to despise !m till we beg9 to rep5t ( hav+ accept$ !m4 ,!re is an anecdote relat$ by ,h]aclitus1 ! natural philosoph]1 ( ,h]modorus1 ! *ief ( ! ,ephesians1 t he said t all ! ,ephesians ought to be puni%$ ) dea? = say+1 :5 !y _h expell$ ,h]modorus out ( _! city1 t !y w\ld h no "o among !m bett] ?an ano!r2 b t if !re 7 any su*1 he might g else:]e to "s o!r p4 ,is n ?is ! case ) ! p ev]y:]e8 ,d !y n hate e virtue t di/+ui%es itself8 ,:at6 0 n ,ari/ides 7,i _h r in/ance 9 ! ,greeks ?an ourselves7 bani%$ 8 c\ntry = be+ em95tly j8 ,:at tr\bles1 !n1 are !y free f :o h no connection :atev] ) ! p8 ,:at is m agreeable ?an a le>n$ retirem5t8 ,i speak ( t le>n+ :i* makes u acqua9t$ ) ! b\ndless ext5t ( nature & ! univ]se1 & :i* ev5 :ile we rema9 9 ?is _w discov]s to u bo? heav51 e>?1 & sea4 ,,xxxvii4 ,if1 !n1 honor & ri*es h no value1 :at is !re else to be afraid (8 ,bani%m5t1 ,i suppose2 :i* is look$ on z ! greate/ evil4 ,n[1 if ! evil ( bani%m5t proce$s n f ourselves1 b f ! fr[>d disposition ( ! p1 ,i h j n[ decl>$ h[ contemptible x is4 ,b if to leave "o's c\ntry be mis]able1 ! prov9ces are full ( mis]able m51 v few ( ! settl]s 9 :i* ev] return to _! c\ntry aga94 ,b exiles are depriv$ ( _! prop]ty6 ,:at1 !n6 has !re n be5 en\gh said on be>+ pov]ty8 ,b ) reg>d to bani%m5t1 if we exam9e ! nature ( ?+s1 n ! ignom9y ( ! "n1 h[ little does x diff] f con/ant travell+6 9 :i* "s ( ! mo/ fam\s philosoph]s h sp5t _! :ole life1 z ,x5ocrates1 ,crantor1 ,arcesilas1 ,lacydes1 ,ari/otle1 ,!ophra/us1 ,z5o1 ,clean!s1 ,*rysippus1 ,antipat]1 ,c>neades1 ,pantius1 ,clitoma*us1 ,philo1 ,antio*us1 ,posidonius1 & innum]able o!rs1 :o f _! fir/ sett+-out nev] return$ home aga94 ,n[1 :at ignom9y c a wise man be affect$ ) 7= x is ( su* a "o t ,i am speak+7 :o c be guilty ( no?+ :i* des]ves x8 = !re is no occasion to com=t "o :o is bani%$ = 8 des]ts4 ,la/ly1 !y c easily reconcile !mselves to e accid5t :o measure all _! objects & pursuits 9 life by ! /&>d ( pleasure2 s t 9 :atev] place t is suppli$1 !re !y may live happily4 ,?us :at ,teuc] said may be appli$ to e case3 ,:]ev] ,i am happy is my c\ntry4 ,socrates1 inde$1 :5 he 0 ask$ :]e he belong$ to1 repli$1 ,! _w2 = he look$ ^u himself z a citiz5 & inhabitant ( ! :ole _w4 ,h[ 0 x ) ,t4 ,altibutius8 ,did he n foll[ 8 philosophical /udies ) ! greate/ satisfaction at ,a!ns1 al?\gh he 0 bani%$8 :i*1 h[ev]1 w\ld n h happ5$ to him if he _h obey$ ! laws ( ,epicurus & liv$ peaceably 9 ! republic4 ,9 :at 0 ,epicurus happi]1 liv+ 9 8 own c\ntry1 ?an ,metrodorus1 :o liv$ at ,a!ns8 ,or did ,plato's happ9ess exce$ t ( ,x5ocrates1 or ,polemo1 or ,arcesilas8 ,or is t city to be valu$ mu* t bani%es all h] good & wise m58 ,dem>atus1 ! fa!r ( our ,k+ ,t>qu91 n be+ able to be> ! tyrant ,cypselus1 fl$ f ,cor9? to ,t>qu9ii1 settl$ !re1 & _h *ildr54 ,0 x1 !n1 an unwise act 9 him to pref] ! lib]ty ( bani%m5t to slav]y at home8 ,,xxxviii4 ,besides ! emotions ( ! m9d1 all griefs & anxieties are assuag$ by =gett+ !m1 & turn+ our ?\ghts to pleasure4 ,!re=e1 x 0 n )\t reason t ,epicurus presum$ to say t a wise man ab\nds ) good ?+s1 because he may always h 8 pleasures2 f :5ce x foll[s1 z he ?9ks1 t t po9t is ga9$ :i* is ! subject ( our pres5t inquiry1 t a wise man is always happy4 ,:at6 ?\gh he %\ld be depriv$ ( ! s5ses ( see+ & he>+8 ,yes2 = he holds ^? ?+s v *eap4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 :at are ! pleasures ( :i* we are depriv$ by t dreadful ?+1 bl9dness8 ,= ?\gh !y all[ o!r pleasures to be conf9$ to ! s5ses1 yet ! ?+s :i* are p]ceiv$ by ! sight d n dep5d :olly on ! pleasure ! eyes receive2 z is ! case :5 we ta/e1 smell1 t\*1 or he>2 =1 9 respect ( all ^! s5ses1 ! organs !mselves are ! seat ( pleasure2 b x is n s ) ! eyes4 ,= x is ! m9d :i* is ent]ta9$ by :at we see2 b ! m9d may be ent]ta9$ 9 _m ways1 ev5 ?\gh we c\ld n see at all4 ,i am speak+ ( a le>n$ & a wise man1 ) :om to ?9k is to live4 ,b ?9k+ 9 ! case ( a wise man does n altoge!r require ! use ( 8 eyes 9 8 inve/igations2 = if night does n /rip him ( 8 happ9ess1 :y %\ld bl9dness1 :i* resembles night1 h t effect8 ,= ! reply ( ,antipat] ! ,cyr5aic to "s wom5 :o bewail$ 8 be+ bl9d1 ?\gh x is a little too obsc5e1 is n )\t its significance4 ,:at d y mean8 sai? he2 d y ?9k ! night c furni% no pleasure8 ,& we f9d by 8 magi/racies & 8 actions t old ,appius1#gj too1 :o 0 bl9d = _m ye>s1 0 n prev5t$ f do+ :atev] 0 requir$ ( him ) respect ei!r to ! republic or 8 own affairs4 ,x is said t ,c4 ,drusus's h\se 0 cr[d$ ) cli5ts4 ,:5 !y ^: bus9ess x 0 c\ld n see h[ to conduct !mselves1 !y appli$ to a bl9d guide4 ,,xxxix4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy1 ,cn4 ,aufidius1 a bl9d man1 :o _h s]v$ ! (fice ( prtor1 n only gave 8 op9ion 9 ! ,s5ate1 & 0 ready to assi/ 8 fri5ds1 b wrote a ,greek hi/ory1 & _h a consid]able acqua9tance ) lit]ature4 ,diodorus ! ,/oic 0 bl9d1 & liv$ _m ye>s at my h\se4 ,he1 inde$1 :i* is sc>cely cr$ible1 besides apply+ himself m ?an usual to philosophy1 & play+ on ! flute1 agreeably to ! cu/om ( ! ,py?agoreans1 & hav+ books read to him night & day1 9 all :i* he did n want eyes1 contriv$ to tea* geometry1 :i*1 "o w\ld ?9k1 c\ld h>dly be done )\t ! assi/ance ( eyes1 tell+ 8 s*ol>s h[ & :]e to draw e l9e4 ,!y relate ( ,asclepiades1 a native ( ,eretria1 & no obscure philosoph]1 :5 "s "o ask$ him :at inconv5i5ce he suff]$ f 8 bl9dness1 t 8 reply 01 ,he 0 at ! exp5se ( ano!r s]vant4 ,s t1 z ! mo/ extreme pov]ty may be borne if y please1 z is daily ! case ) "s 9 ,greece1 s bl9dness may easily be borne1 provid$ y h ! support ( good heal? 9 o!r respects4 ,democritus 0 s bl9d he c\ld n di/+ui% :ite f black2 b he knew ! diff]5ce betwe5 good & evil1 j & unju/1 honorable & base1 ! useful & useless1 great & small4 ,?us "o may live happily )\t di/+ui%+ colors2 b )\t acqua9t+ y\rself ) ?+s1 y _c2 & ?is man 0 ( op9ion t ! int5se application ( ! m9d 0 tak5 (f by ! objects t pres5t$ !mselves to ! eye2 & :ile o!rs (t5 c\ld n see :at 0 be=e _! feet1 he travell$ ?r\gh all inf9ity4 ,x is report$ also t ,hom]#ga 0 bl9d1 b we obs]ve 8 pa9t+ z well z 8 poetry4 ,:at c\ntry1 :at coa/1 :at "p ( ,greece1 :at milit>y attacks1 :at dispositions ( battle1 :at array1 :at %ip1 :at motions ( m5 & animals1 c be m5tion$ :i* he has n describ$ 9 su* a mann] z to enable u to see :at he c\ld n see himself8 ,:at1 !n6 c we imag9e t ,hom]1 or any o!r le>n$ man1 has ev] be5 9 want ( pleasure & ent]ta9m5t = 8 m9d8 ,7 x n s1 w\ld ,anaxagoras1 or ?is v ,democritus1 h left _! e/ates & patrimonies1 & giv5 !mselves up to ! pursuit ( acquir+ ?is div9e pleasure8 ,x is ?us t ! poets :o h repres5t$ ,tiresias ! ,augur z a wise man & bl9d nev] exhibit him z bewail+ 8 bl9dness4 ,& ,hom]1 too1 aft] he _h describ$ ,polyphemus z a mon/] & a wild man1 repres5ts him talk+ ) 8 ram1 & speak+ ( 8 good =tune1 inasmu* z he c\ld g :]ev] he pleas$ & t\* :at he w\ld4 ,& s f> he 0 "r1 = t ,cyclops 0 a be+ ( n mu* m und]/&+ ?an 8 ram4 ,,xl4 ,n[1 z to ! evil ( be+ deaf4 ,m4 ,crassus 0 a little ?ick ( he>+2 b x 0 m uneas9ess to him t he he>d himself ill spok5 (1 ?\gh1 9 my op9ion1 he did n des]ve x4 ,our ,epicureans _c und]/& ,greek1 nor ! ,greeks ,lat93 n[1 !y are deaf reciprocally z to ea* o!r's language1 & we are all truly deaf ) reg>d to ^? innum]able languages :i* we d n und]/&4 ,!y d n he> ! voice ( ! h>p]2 b1 !n1 !y d n he> ! grat+ ( a saw :5 x is sett+1 or ! grunt+ ( a hog :5 8 ?roat is be+ cut1 nor ! ro>+ ( ! sea :5 !y are desir\s ( re/4 ,& if !y %\ld *ance to be fond ( s++1 !y ought1 9 ! fir/ place1 to consid] t _m wise m5 liv$ happily be=e music 0 discov]$2 besides1 !y may h m pleasure 9 read+ v]ses ?an 9 he>+ !m sung4 ,!n1 z ,i be=e ref]r$ ! bl9d to ! pleasures ( he>+1 s ,i may ! deaf to ! pleasures ( sight3 moreov]1 :oev] c conv]se ) himself do? n ne$ ! conv]sation ( ano!r4 ,b suppose all ^! mis=tunes to meet 9 "o p]son3 suppose him bl9d & deaf--let him be afflict$ ) ! %>pe/ pa9s ( body1 :i*1 9 ! fir/ place1 g5]ally ( !mselves make an end ( him2 /ill1 %\ld !y cont9ue s long1 & ! pa9 be s exquisite1 t we %\ld be unable to assign any reason = our be+ s afflict$--/ill1 :y1 good ,gods6 %\ld we be "u any difficulty8 ,= !re is a retreat at h&3 dea? is t retreat--a %elt] :]e we %all =ev] be ins5sible4 ,!odorus said to ,lysima*us1 :o ?reat5$ him ) dea?1 ,x is a great matt]1 inde$1 = y to h acquir$ ! p[] ( a ,spani% fly6 ,:5 ,p]ses entreat$ ,paulus n to lead him 9 triumph1 ,t is a matt] :i* y h 9 y\r own p[]1 said ,paulus4 ,i said _m ?+s ab\t dea? 9 our fir/ day's disputation1 :5 dea? 0 ! subject2 & n a little ! next day1 :5 ,i treat$ ( pa92 :i* ?+s if y recollect1 !re c be no dang] ( y\r look+ ^u dea? z undesirable1 or1 at lea/1 x w n be dreadful4 ,t cu/om :i* is common among ! ,grecians at _! banquets %\ld1 9 my op9ion1 be obs]v$ 9 life3 ,dr9k1 say !y1 or leave ! company2 & rightly en\gh2 = a gue/ %\ld ei!r enjoy ! pleasure ( dr9k+ ) o!rs1 or else n /ay till he meets ) affronts f ^? t are 9 liquor4 ,?us1 ^? injuries ( =tune :i* y _c be> y %\ld flee f4 ,,xli4 ,?is is ! v same :i* is said by ,epicurus & ,hi]onymus4 ,n[1 if ^? philosoph]s1 ^: op9ion x is t virtue has no p[] ( itself1 & :o say t ! conduct :i* we d5om9ate honorable & laudable is really no?+1 & is only an empty circum/ance set (f ) an unmean+ s\nd1 c nev]!less ma9ta9 t a wise man is always happy1 :at1 ?9k y1 may be done by ! ,socratic & ,platonic philosoph]s8 ,"s ( ^! all[ su* sup]iority to ! goods ( ! m9d z q to eclipse :at conc]ns ! body & all ext]nal circum/ances4 ,b o!rs d n admit ^! to be goods2 !y make ev]y?+ dep5d on ! m9d3 ^: disputes ,c>neades us$1 z a sort ( honor>y arbitrator1 to det]m9e4 ,=1 z :at seem$ goods to ! ,p]ipatetics 7 all[$ to be advantages by ! ,/oics1 & z ! ,p]ipatetics all[$ no m to ri*es1 good heal?2 & o!r ?+s ( t sort ?an ! ,/oics1 :5 ^! ?+s 7 consid]$ accord+ to _! reality1 & n by m]e names1 8 op9ion 0 t !re 0 no gr\nd = disagree+4 ,!re=e1 let ! philosoph]s ( o!r s*ools see h[ !y c e/abli% ?is po9t also4 ,x is v agreeable to me t !y make "s pr(essions wor?y ( be+ utt]$ by ! m\? ( a philosoph] ) reg>d to a wise man's hav+ always ! means ( liv+ happily4 ,,xlii4 ,b z we are to dep>t 9 ! morn+1 let u rememb] ^! five days' discussions2 ?\gh1 inde$1 ,i ?9k ,i %all commit !m to writ+3 = h[ c ,i bett] employ ! leisure :i* ,i h1 ( :atev] k9d x is1 & :atev] x be ow+ to8 ,& ,i w s5d ^! five books also to my fri5d ,brutus1 by :om ,i 0 n only incit$ to write on philosophy1 b1 ,i may say1 provok$4 ,& by s do+ x is n easy to say :at s]vice ,i may be ( to o!rs4 ,at all ev5ts1 9 my own v>i\s & acute afflictions1 :i* surr\nd me on all sides1 ,i _c f9d any bett] com=t = myself4 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,gods4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,i4 ,i4 ,!re are _m ?+s 9 philosophy1 my de> ,brutus1 :i* are n z yet fully expla9$ to u1 & p>ticul>ly 7z y v well "k7 t mo/ obscure & difficult "q conc]n+ ! ,nature ( ! ,gods1 s extremely necess>y bo? t[>ds a k ( ! human m9d & ! practice ( true religion3 conc]n+ :i* ! op9ions ( m5 are s v>i\s1 & s diff]5t f ea* o!r1 z to lead /rongly to ! inf]5ce t ignorance#gb is ! cause1 or orig91 ( philosophy1 & t ! ,academic philosoph]s h be5 prud5t 9 refus+ _! ass5t to ?+s unc]ta93 = :at is m unbecom+ to a wise man ?an to judge ra%ly8 or :at ra%ness is s unwor?y ( ! gravity & /ability ( a philosoph] z ei!r to ma9ta9 false op9ions1 or1 )\t ! lea/ hesitation1 to support & def5d :at he has n ?or\ghly exam9$ & does n cle>ly compreh5d8 ,9 ! "q n[ be=e u1 ! great] "p ( mank9d h unit$ to ackn[l$ge t :i* is mo/ probable1 & :i* we are all by nature l$ to suppose1 namely1 t !re are ,gods4 ,protagoras#gc d\bt$ :e!r !re 7 any4 ,diagoras ! ,melian & ,!odorus ( ,cyr5e entirely believ$ !re 7 no su* be+s4 ,b !y :o h affirm$ t !re are ,gods1 h express$ su* a v>iety ( s5tim5ts on ! subject1 & ! disagreem5t betwe5 !m is s great1 t x w\ld be tiresome to enum]ate _! op9ions2 = !y give u _m /atem5ts respect+ ! =ms ( ! ,gods1 & _! places ( abode1 & ! employm5t ( _! lives4 ,& ^! are matt]s on :i* ! philosoph]s diff] ) ! mo/ exce$+ e>ne/ness4 ,b ! mo/ consid]able "p ( ! dispute is1 :e!r !y are :olly inactive1 totally unemploy$1 & free f all c>e & adm9i/ration ( affairs2 or1 on ! contr>y1 :e!r all ?+s 7 made & con/itut$ by !m f ! beg9n+2 & :e!r !y w cont9ue to be actuat$ & gov]n$ by !m to et]nity4 ,?is is "o ( ! greate/ po9ts 9 debate2 & unless ?is is decid$1 mank9d mu/ necess>ily rema9 9 ! greate/ ( errors1 & ignorant ( :at is mo/ important to be kn[n4 ,,ii4 ,= !re are "s philosoph]s1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 :o h conceiv$ t ! ,gods take n ! lea/ cognizance ( human affairs4 ,b if _! doctr9e be true1 ( :at avail is piety1 sanctity1 or religion8 = ^! are feel+s & m>ks ( devotion :i* are (f]$ to ! ,gods by m5 ) uprightness & hol9ess1 on ! gr\nd t m5 are ! objects ( ! att5tion ( ! ,gods1 & t _m b5efits are conf]r$ by ! immortal ,gods on ! human race4 ,b if ! ,gods h nei!r ! p[] nor ! incl9ation to help u2 if !y take no c>e ( u1 & pay no reg>d to our actions2 & if !re is no s+le advantage :i* c possibly accrue to ! life ( man2 !n :at reason c we h to pay any adoration1 or any honors1 or to pref] any pray]s to !m8 ,piety1 l ! o!r virtues1 _c h any connection ) va9 %[ or dissimulation2 & )\t piety1 nei!r sanctity nor religion c be support$2 ! total subv]sion ( :i* mu/ be att5d$ ) great confusion & di/urbance 9 life4 ,i d n ev5 "k1 if we ca/ (f piety t[>ds ! ,gods1 b t fai?1 & all ! associations ( human life1 & t mo/ excell5t ( all virtues1 ju/ice1 may p]i% ) x4 ,!re are o!r philosoph]s1 & ^?1 too1 v great & illu/ri\s m51 :o conceive ! :ole _w to be direct$ & gov]n$ by ! w & wisdom ( ! ,gods2 nor d !y /op "h1 b conceive likewise t ! ,deities consult & provide = ! pres]vation ( mank9d4 ,= !y ?9k t ! fruits1 & ! produce ( ! e>?1 & ! seasons1 & ! v>iety ( wea!r1 & ! *ange ( climates1 by :i* all ! productions ( ! e>? are br\ght to maturity1 are design$ by ! immortal ,gods = ! use ( man4 ,!y in/ance _m o!r ?+s1 :i* %all be relat$ 9 ^! books2 & :i* w\ld almo/ induce u to believe t ! immortal ,gods _h made !m all expressly & solely = ! b5efit & advantage ( m54 ,aga9/ ^! op9ions ,c>neades has advanc$ s mu* t :at he has said %\ld excite a desire 9 m5 :o are n naturally slo?ful to se>* aft] tru?2 = !re is no subject on :i* ! le>n$ z well z ! unle>n$ diff] s /r5u\sly z 9 ?is2 & s9ce _! op9ions are s v>i\s1 & s repugnant "o to ano!r1 x is possible t none ( !m may be1 & absolutely impossible t m ?an "o %\ld be1 "r4 ,,iii4 ,n[1 9 a cause l ?is1 ,i may be able to pacify well-mean+ oppos]s1 & to confute invidi\s c5sur]s1 s z to induce ! latt] to rep5t ( _! unreasonable contradiction1 & ! =m] to be glad to le>n2 = !y :o admoni% "o 9 a fri5dly _s %\ld be in/ruct$1 !y :o attack "o l enemies %\ld be repell$4 ,b ,i obs]ve t ! sev]al books :i* ,i h lately publi%$#gd h occasion$ mu* noise & v>i\s disc\rse ab\t !m2 "s p wond]+ :at ! reason has be5 :y ,i h appli$ myself s sudd5ly to ! /udy ( philosophy1 & o!rs desir\s ( kn[+ :at my op9ion is on su* subjects4 ,i likewise p]ceive t _m p wond] at my foll[+ t philosophy#ge *iefly :i* seems to take away ! light1 & to bury & envelop ?+s 9 a k9d ( artificial night1 & t ,i %\ld s unexpect$ly h tak5 up ! def5ce ( a s*ool t has be5 long neglect$ & =sak54 ,b x is a mi/ake to suppose t ?is application to philosophical /udies has be5 sudd5 on my "p4 ,i h appli$ myself to !m f my y\?1 at no small exp5se ( "t & tr\ble2 & ,i h be5 9 ! habit ( philosophiz+ a great deal :5 ,i lea/ seem$ to ?9k ab\t x2 = ! tru? ( :i* ,i appeal to my orations1 :i* are fill$ ) quotations f philosoph]s1 & to my intimacy ) ^? v le>n$ m5 :o frequ5t$ my h\se & conv]s$ daily ) me1 p>ticul>ly ,diodorus1 ,philo1 ,antio*us1 & ,posidonius1#gf "u :om ,i 0 br$2 & if all ! precepts ( philosophy are to h ref]5ce to ! conduct ( life1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ,i h advanc$1 bo? 9 public & private affairs1 only su* pr9ciples z may be support$ by reason & au?ority4 ,,iv4 ,b if any "o %\ld ask :at has induc$ me1 9 ! decl9e ( life1 to write on ^! subjects1 no?+ is m easily answ]$2 = :5 ,i f\nd myself entirely dis5gag$ f bus9ess1 & ! commonweal? r$uc$ to ! necessity ( be+ gov]n$ by ! direction & c>e ( "o man1#gg ,i ?\ght x becom+1 = ! sake ( ! public1 to in/ruct my c\ntrym5 9 philosophy1 & t x w\ld be ( importance1 & mu* to ! honor & comm5dation ( our city1 to h su* great & excell5t subjects introduc$ 9 ! ,lat9 tongue4 ,i ! less rep5t ( my und]tak+1 s9ce ,i pla9ly see t ,i h excit$ 9 _m a desire1 n only ( le>n+1 b ( writ+2 = we h _h sev]al ,romans well gr\nd$ 9 ! le>n+ ( ! ,greeks :o 7 unable to communicate to _! c\ntrym5 :at !y _h le>n$1 because !y look$ ^u x z impossible to express t 9 ,lat9 :i* !y _h receiv$ f ! ,greeks4 ,9 ?is po9t ,i ?9k ,i h succe$$ s well t :at ,i h done is n1 ev5 9 copi\sness ( expression1 inf]ior to t language4 ,ano!r inducem5t to x 0 a melan*oly disposition ( m9d1 & ! great & heavy oppression ( =tune t 0 ^u me2 f :i*1 if ,i c\ld h f\nd any sur] rem$y1 ,i w\ld n h s\ght relief 9 ?is pursuit4 ,b ,i c\ld procure ease by no means bett] ?an by n only apply+ myself to books1 b by devot+ myself to ! exam9ation ( ! :ole body ( philosophy4 ,& e "p & bran* ( ?is is readily discov]$ :5 e "q is prop\nd$ 9 writ+2 = !re is su* an admirable cont9uation & s]ies ( ?+s t ea* seems connect$ ) ! o!r1 & all appe> l9k$ toge!r & unit$4 ,v4 ,n[1 ^? m5 :o desire to "k my own private op9ion on e p>ticul> subject h m curiosity ?an is necess>y4 ,= ! =ce ( reason 9 disputation is to be s\ght aft] r ?an au?ority1 s9ce ! au?ority ( ! tea*] is (t5 a disadvantage to ^? :o are will+ to le>n2 z !y refuse to use _! own judgm5t1 & rely implicitly on him :om !y make *oice ( = a preceptor4 ,nor c\ld ,i ev] approve ?is cu/om ( ! ,py?agoreans1 :o1 :5 !y affirm$ any?+ 9 disputation1 & 7 ask$ :y x 0 s1 us$ to give ?is answ]3 ,he himself has said x2 & ?is he himself1 x seems1 0 ,py?agoras4 ,su* 0 ! =ce ( prejudice & op9ion t 8 au?ority 0 to prevail ev5 )\t argum5t or reason4 ,!y :o wond] at my be+ a foll[] ( ?is sect 9 p>ticul> may f9d a satisfactory answ] 9 my f\r books ( ,academical ,que/ions4 ,b ,i d5y t ,i h und]tak5 ! protection ( :at is neglect$ & =sak52 = ! op9ions ( m5 d n die ) !m1 ?\gh !y may p]haps want ! au?or's explanation4 ,?is mann] ( philosophiz+1 ( disput+ all ?+s & assum+ no?+ c]ta9ly1 0 begun by ,socrates1 reviv$ by ,arcesilaus1 confirm$ by ,c>neades1 & has desc5d$1 ) all its p[]1 ev5 to ! pres5t age2 b ,i am in=m$ t x is n[ almo/ explod$ ev5 9 ,greece4 ,h[ev]1 ,i d n impute t to any fault 9 ! in/itution ( ! ,academy1 b to ! neglig5ce ( mank9d4 ,if x is difficult to "k all ! doctr9es ( any "o sect1 h[ mu* m is x to "k ^? ( e sect6 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ necess>ily be kn[n to ^? :o resolve1 = ! sake ( discov]+ tru?1 to dispute = or aga9/ all philosoph]s )\t p>tiality4 ,i d n pr(ess myself to be ma/] ( ?is difficult & noble faculty2 b ,i d ass]t t ,i h endeavor$ to make myself s2 & x is impossible t !y :o *oose ?is mann] ( philosophiz+ %\ld n meet at lea/ ) some?+ wor?y _! pursuit4 ,i h spok5 m fully on ?is head 9 ano!r place4 ,b z "s are too sl[ ( appreh5sion1 & "s too c>eless1 m5 /& 9 p]petual ne$ ( caution4 ,= we are n p :o believe t !re is no?+ :atev] :i* is true2 b we say t "s falsehoods are s bl5d$ ) all tru?s1 & h s great a resemblance to !m1 t !re is no c]ta9 rule = judg+ ( or ass5t+ to propositions2 f :i* ?is maxim also foll[s1 t _m ?+s are probable1 :i*1 ?\gh !y are n evid5t to ! s5ses1 h /ill s p]suasive & beautiful an aspect t a wise man *ooses to direct 8 conduct by !m4 ,,vi4 ,n[1 to free myself f ! reproa* ( p>tiality1 ,i propose to lay be=e y ! op9ions ( v>i\s philosoph]s conc]n+ ! nature ( ! ,gods1 by :i* means all m5 may judge :i* ( !m are consi/5t ) tru?2 & if all agree toge!r1 or if any "o %all be f\nd to h discov]$ :at may be absolutely call$ tru?1 ,i w !n give up ! ,academy z va9 & arrogant4 ,s ,i may cry out1 9 ! words ( ,/atius1 9 ! ,synephebi1 ,ye ,gods1 ,i call ^u1 require1 pray1 besee*1 entreat1 & implore ! att5tion ( my c\ntrym5 all1 bo? "y & old2 yet n on s trifl+ an occasion z :5 ! p]son 9 ! play compla9s t1 ,9 ?is city we h discov]$ a mo/ flagrant iniquity3 "h is a pr(ess$ c\rtesan1 :o refuses money f h] lov]2 b t !y may att5d1 "k1 & consid] :at s5tim5ts !y ought to pres]ve conc]n+ religion1 piety1 sanctity1 c]emonies1 fai?1 oa?s1 temples1 %r9es1 & solemn sacrifices2 :at !y ought to ?9k ( ! auspices ov] :i* ,i preside2#gh = all ^! h relation to ! pres5t "q4 ,! manife/ disagreem5t among ! mo/ le>n$ on ?is subject creates d\bts 9 ^? :o imag9e !y h "s c]ta9 k ( ! subject4 ,:i* fact ,i h (t5 tak5 notice ( else:]e1 & ,i did s m especially at ! discussion t 0 held at my fri5d ,c4 ,cotta's conc]n+ ! immortal ,gods1 & :i* 0 c>ri$ on ) ! greate/ c>e1 accuracy1 & precision2 = com+ to him at ! "t ( ! ,lat9 holidays1#gi accord+ to 8 own invitation & message f him1 ,i f\nd him sitt+ 9 8 /udy1#hj & 9 a disc\rse ) ,c4 ,velleius1 ! s5ator1 :o 0 !n reput$ by ! ,epicureans ! able/ ( our c\ntrym54 ,q4 ,lucilius ,balbus 0 likewise !re1 a great pr(ici5t 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,/oics1 & e/eem$ equal to ! mo/ em95t ( ! ,greeks 9 t "p ( k4 ,z soon z ,cotta saw me1 ,y are come1 says he1 v seasonably2 = ,i am hav+ a dispute ) ,velleius on an important subject1 :i*1 consid]+ ! nature ( y\r /udies1 is n improp] = y to jo9 94 ,,vii4 ,inde$1 says ,i1 ,i ?9k ,i am come v seasonably1 z y say2 = "h are ?ree *iefs ( ?ree pr9cipal sects met toge!r4 ,if ,m4 ,piso#ha 0 pres5t1 no sect ( philosophy t is 9 any e/eem w\ld want an advocate4 ,if ,antio*us's book1 replies ,cotta1 :i* he lately s5t to ,balbus1 says true1 y h no occasion to wi% = y\r fri5d ,piso2 = ,antio*us is ( ! op9ion t ! ,/oics d n diff] f ! ,p]ipatetics 9 fact1 ?\gh !y d 9 words2 & ,i %\ld be glad to "k :at y ?9k ( t book1 ,balbus4 ,i8 says he4 ,i wond] t ,antio*us1 a man ( ! cle>e/ appreh5sion1 %\ld n see :at a va/ diff]5ce !re is betwe5 ! ,/oics1 :o di/+ui% ! hone/ & ! pr(itable1 n only 9 "n1 b absolutely 9 k9d1 & ! ,p]ipatetics1 :o bl5d ! hone/ ) ! pr(itable 9 su* a mann] t !y diff] only 9 degrees & proportion1 & n 9 k9d4 ,?is is n a little diff]5ce 9 words1 b a great "o 9 ?+s2 b ( ?is h]eaft]4 ,n[1 if y ?9k fit1 let u return to :at we began )4 ,) all my he>t1 says ,cotta4 ,b t ?is visitor 7look+ at me71 :o is j come 91 may n be ignorant ( :at we are ^u1 ,i w in=m him t we 7 disc\rs+ on ! nature ( ! ,gods2 conc]n+ :i*1 z x is a subject t always appe>$ v obscure to me1 ,i prevail$ on ,velleius to give u ! s5tim5ts ( ,epicurus4 ,!re=e1 cont9ues he1 if x is n tr\blesome1 ,velleius1 repeat :at y h already /at$ to u4 ,i w1 says he1 ?\gh ?is new-com] w be no advocate = me1 b = y2 = y h bo?1 adds he1 ) a smile1 le>n$ f ! same ,philo to be c]ta9 ( no?+4#hb ,:at we h le>n$ f him1 repli$ ,i1 ,cotta w discov]2 b ,i w\ld n h y ?9k ,i am come z an assi/ant to him1 b z an auditor1 ) an imp>tial & unbiass$ m9d1 & n b\nd by any obligation to def5d any p>ticul> pr9ciple1 :e!r ,i l or dislike x4 ,,viii4 ,aft] ?is1 ,velleius1 ) ! confid5ce peculi> to 8 sect1 dread+ no?+ s mu* z to seem to d\bt ( any?+1 began z if he _h j !n desc5d$ f ! c\ncil ( ! ,gods1 & ,epicurus's int]vals ( worlds4 ,d n att5d1 says he1 to ^! idle & imag9>y tales2 nor to ! op]ator & build] ( ! ,_w1 ! ,god ( ,plato's ,timu2 nor to ! old prophetic dame1 ! ,greek3 ,pronoia ( ! ,/oics1 :i* ! ,lat9s call ,provid5ce2 nor to t r\nd1 t burn+1 revolv+ deity1 ! ,_w1 end[$ ) s5se & und]/&+2 ! prodigies & wond]s1 n ( inquisitive philosoph]s1 b ( dream]s6 ,= ) :at eyes ( ! m9d 0 y\r ,plato able to see t workh\se ( su* /up5d\s toil1 9 :i* he makes ! _w to be modell$ & built by ,god8 ,:at mat]ials1 :at tools1 :at b>s1 :at ma*9es1 :at s]vants1 7 employ$ 9 s va/ a "w8 ,h[ c\ld ! air1 fire1 wat]1 & e>? pay ob$i5ce & submit to ! w ( ! ar*itect8 ,f :5ce arose ^? five =ms1#hc ( :i* ! re/ 7 compos$1 s aptly contribut+ to frame ! m9d & produce ! s5ses8 ,x is t$i\s to g ?r\gh all1 z !y are ( su* a sort t !y look m l ?+s to be desir$ ?an to be discov]$4 ,b1 :at is m rem>kable1 he gives u a _w :i* has be5 n only creat$1 b1 if ,i may s say1 9 a mann] =m$ ) h&s1 & yet he says x is et]nal4 ,d y conceive him to h ! lea/ skill 9 natural philosophy :o is capable ( ?9k+ any?+ to be ev]la/+ t _h a beg9n+8 ,= :at c possibly ev] h be5 put toge!r :i* _c be dissolv$ aga98 ,or :at is !re t _h a beg9n+ :i* w n h an end8 ,if y\r ,provid5ce1 ,lucilius1 is ! same z ,plato's ,god1 ,i ask y1 z be=e1 :o 7 ! assi/ants1 :at 7 ! eng9es1 :at 0 ! plan & prep>ation ( ! :ole "w8 ,if x is n ! same1 !n :y did %e make ! _w mortal1 & n ev]la/+1 l ,plato's ,god8 ,,ix4 ,b ,i w\ld dem& ( y bo?1 :y ^! _w-build]s />t$ up s sudd5ly1 & lay dormant = s _m ages8 ,= we are n to conclude t1 if !re 0 no _w1 !re 7 !re=e no ages4 ,i d n n[ speak ( su* ages z are f9i%$ by a c]ta9 numb] ( days & nights 9 annual c\rses2 = ,i ackn[l$ge t ^? c\ld n be )\t ! revolution ( ! _w2 b !re 0 a c]ta9 et]nity f inf9ite "t1 n measur$ by any circumscription ( seasons2 b h[ t 0 9 space we _c und]/&1 because we _c possibly h ev5 ! slighte/ idea ( "t be=e "t 04 ,i desire1 !re=e1 to "k1 ,balbus1 :y ?is ,provid5ce ( y\rs 0 idle = su* an imm5se space ( "t8 ,did %e avoid labor8 ,b t c\ld h no effect on ! ,deity2 nor c\ld !re be any labor1 s9ce all nature1 air1 fire1 e>?1 & wat] w\ld obey ! div9e ess5ce4 ,:at 0 x t incit$ ! ,deity to act ! "p ( an dile1 to illum9ate & decorate ! _w8 ,if x 0 9 ord] t ,god might be ! bett] accommodat$ 9 8 habitation1 !n he mu/ h be5 dwell+ an inf9ite l5g? ( "t be=e 9 d>kness z 9 a dungeon4 ,b d we imag9e t he 0 aft]w>d delight$ ) t v>iety ) :i* we see ! heav5 & e>? adorn$8 ,:at ent]ta9m5t c\ld t be to ! ,deity8 ,if x 0 any1 he w\ld n h be5 )\t x s long4 ,or 7 ^! ?+s made1 z y almo/ ass]t1 by ,god = ! sake ( m58 ,0 x = ! wise8 ,if s1 !n ?is great design 0 adopt$ = ! sake ( a v small numb]4 ,or = ! sake ( fools8 ,fir/ ( all1 !re 0 no reason :y ,god %\ld consult ! advantage ( ! wick$2 &1 fur!r1 :at c\ld be 8 object 9 do+ s1 s9ce all fools are1 )\t d\bt1 ! mo/ mis]able ( m51 *iefly because !y are fools8 ,= :at c we pron\nce m deplorable ?an folly8 ,besides1 !re are _m inconv5i5ces 9 life :i* ! wise c le>n to ?9k lightly ( by dwell+ r on ! advantages :i* !y receive2 b :i* fools are unable to avoid :5 !y are com+1 or to be> :5 !y are come4 ,x4 ,!y :o affirm ! _w to be an animat$ & intellig5t be+ h by no means discov]$ ! nature ( ! m9d1 nor are able to conceive 9 :at =m t ess5ce c exi/2 b ( t ,i %all speak m h]eaft]4 ,at pres5t ,i mu/ express my surprise at ! weakness ( ^? :o endeavor to make x out to be n only animat$ & immortal1 b likewise happy1 & r\nd1 because ,plato says t is ! mo/ beautiful =m2 :]eas ,i ?9k a cyl9d]1 a squ>e1 a cone1 or a pyramid m beautiful4 ,b :at life d !y attribute to t r\nd ,deity8 ,truly x is a be+ :irl$ ab\t ) a cel]ity to :i* no?+ c be ev5 conceiv$ by ! imag9ation z equal2 nor c ,i imag9e h[ a settl$ m9d & happy life c consi/ 9 su* motion1 ! lea/ degree ( :i* w\ld be tr\blesome to u4 ,:y1 !re=e1 %\ld x n be consid]$ tr\blesome also to ! ,deity8 ,= ! e>? itself1 z x is "p ( ! _w1 is "p also ( ! ,deity4 ,we see va/ tracts ( l& b>r5 & un9habitable2 "s1 because !y are scor*$ by ! too ne> approa* ( ! sun2 o!rs1 because !y are b\nd up ) fro/ & sn[1 ?r\gh ! great di/ance :i* ! sun is f !m4 ,!re=e1 if ! _w is a ,deity1 z ^! are p>ts ( ! _w1 "s ( ! ,deity's limbs mu/ be said to be scor*$1 & "s froz54 ,^! are y\r doctr9es1 ,lucilius2 b :at ^? ( o!rs are ,i w endeavor to asc]ta9 by trac+ !m back f ! e>lie/ ( anci5t philosoph]s4 ,?ales ! ,milesian1 :o fir/ inquir$ aft] su* subjects1 ass]t$ wat] to be ! orig9 ( ?+s1 & t ,god 0 t m9d :i* =m$ all ?+s f wat]4 ,if ! ,gods c exi/ )\t corporeal s5se1 & if !re c be a m9d )\t a body1 :y did he annex a m9d to wat]8 ,x 0 ,anaxim&]'s op9ion t ! ,gods 7 born2 t aft] a great l5g? ( "t !y di$2 & t !y are innum]able worlds4 ,b :at conception c we possibly h ( a ,deity :o is n et]nal8 ,anaxim5es1 aft] him1 taught t ! air is ,god1 & t he 0 g5]at$1 & t he is imm5se1 inf9ite1 & always 9 motion2 z if air1 :i* has no =m1 c\ld possibly be ,god2 = ! ,deity mu/ necess>ily be n only ( "s =m or o!r1 b ( ! mo/ beautiful =m4 ,besides1 is n ev]y?+ t _h a beg9n+ subject to mortality8 ,,xi4 ,anaxagoras1 :o receiv$ 8 le>n+ f ,anaxim5es1 0 ! fir/ :o affirm$ ! sy/em & disposition ( all ?+s to be contriv$ & p]fect$ by ! p[] & reason ( an inf9ite m9d2 9 :i* inf9ity he did n p]ceive t !re c\ld be no conjunction ( s5se & motion1 nor any s5se 9 ! lea/ degree1 :]e nature h]self c\ld feel no impulse4 ,if he w\ld h ?is m9d to be a sort ( animal1 !n !re mu/ be "s m int]nal pr9ciple f :5ce t animal %\ld receive its appellation4 ,b :at c be m int]nal ?an ! m9d8 ,let x1 !re=e1 be clo!d ) an ext]nal body4 ,b ?is is n agreeable to 8 doctr9e2 b we are utt]ly unable to conceive h[ a pure simple m9d c exi/ )\t any sub/ance annex$ to x4 ,alcmon ( ,crotona1 9 attribut+ a div9ity to ! sun1 ! moon1 & ! re/ ( ! />s1 & also to ! m9d1 did n p]ceive t he 0 ascrib+ immortality to mortal be+s4 ,py?agoras1 :o suppos$ ! ,deity to be "o s\l1 mix+ ) & p]vad+ all nature1 f :i* our s\ls are tak51 did n consid] t ! ,deity himself mu/1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is doctr9e1 be maim$ & torn ) ! r5d+ e human s\l f x2 nor t1 :5 ! human m9d is afflict$ 7z is ! case 9 _m in/ances71 t "p ( ! ,deity mu/ likewise be afflict$1 :i* _c be4 ,if ! human m9d 7 a ,deity1 h[ c\ld x be ignorant ( any ?+8 ,besides1 h[ c\ld t ,deity1 if x is no?+ b s\l1 be mix$ )1 or infus$ into1 ! _w8 ,!n ,x5ophanes1 :o said t ev]y?+ 9 ! _w :i* _h any exi/5ce1 ) ! addition ( intellect1 0 ,god1 is z liable to exception z ! re/1 especially 9 relation to ! inf9ity ( x1 9 :i* !re c be no?+ s5ti5t1 no?+ composite4 ,p>m5ides =m$ a conceit to himself ( some?+ circul> l a cr[n4 7,he names x ,/ephane47 ,x is an orb ( con/ant light & heat ar\nd ! heav5s2 ?is he calls ,god2 9 :i* !re is no room to imag9e any div9e =m or s5se4 ,& he utt]$ _m o!r absurdities on ! same subject2 = he ascrib$ a div9ity to w>1 to discord1 to lu/1 & o!r passions ( ! same k9d1 :i* are de/roy$ by disease1 or sleep1 or oblivion1 or age4 ,! same honor he gives to ! />s2 b ,i %all =be> mak+ any objections to 8 sy/em "h1 hav+ already done x 9 ano!r place4 ,,xii4 ,emp$ocles1 :o err$ 9 _m ?+s1 is mo/ grossly mi/ak5 9 8 notion ( ! ,gods4 ,he lays d[n f\r natures#hd z div9e1 f :i* he ?9ks t all ?+s 7 made4 ,yet x is evid5t t !y h a beg9n+1 t !y decay1 & t !y are void ( all s5se4 ,protagoras did n seem to h any idea ( ! real nature ( ! ,gods2 = he ackn[l$g$ t he 0 altoge!r ignorant :e!r !re are or are n any1 or :at !y are4 ,:at %all ,i say ( ,democritus1 :o classes our images ( objects1 & _! orbs1 9 ! numb] ( ! ,gods2 z he does t pr9ciple ?r\gh :i* ^? images appe> & h _! influ5ce8 ,he deifies likewise our k & und]/&+4 ,is he n involv$ 9 a v great error8 ,& because no?+ cont9ues always 9 ! same /ate1 he d5ies t any?+ is ev]la/+1 does he n !reby entirely de/roy ! ,deity1 & make x impossible to =m any op9ion ( him8 ,diog5es ( ,apollonia looks ^u ! air to be a ,deity4 ,b :at s5se c ! air h8 or :at div9e =m c be attribut$ to x8 ,x w\ld be t$i\s to %[ ! unc]ta9ty ( ,plato's op9ion2 =1 9 8 ,timu1 he d5ies ! propriety ( ass]t+ t !re is "o great fa!r or creator ( ! _w2 &1 9 8 book ( ,laws1 he ?9ks we ought n to make too /rict an inquiry into ! nature ( ! ,deity4 ,& z = 8 /atem5t :5 he ass]ts t ,god is a be+ )\t any body--:at ! ,greeks call ,greek3 zmatos--x is c]ta9ly q un9telligible h[ t !ory c possibly be true2 = su* a ,god mu/ !n necess>ily be de/itute ( s5se1 prud5ce1 & pleasure2 all :i* ?+s are compreh5d$ 9 our notion ( ! ,gods4 ,he likewise ass]ts 9 8 ,timu1 & 9 8 ,laws1 t ! _w1 ! heav5s1 ! />s1 ! m9d1 & ^? ,gods :i* are deliv]$ d[n to u f our ance/ors1 con/itute ! ,deity4 ,^! op9ions1 tak5 sep>ately1 are app>5tly false2 &1 toge!r1 are directly inconsi/5t ) ea* o!r4 ,x5ophon has committ$ almo/ ! same mi/akes1 b 9 few] words4 ,9 ^? say+s :i* he has relat$ ( ,socrates1 he introduces him disput+ ! lawfulness ( inquir+ into ! =m ( ! ,deity1 & makes him ass]t ! sun & ! m9d to be ,deities3 he repres5ts him likewise z affirm+ ! be+ ( "o ,god only1 & at ano!r "t ( _m2 :i* are errors ( almo/ ! same k9d :i* ,i be=e took notice ( 9 ,plato4 ,,xiii4 ,anti/h5es1 9 8 book call$ ! ,natural ,philosoph]1 says t !re are _m national & "o natural ,deity2 b by ?is say+ he de/roys ! p[] & nature ( ! ,gods4 ,speusippus is n mu* less 9 ! wrong2 :o1 foll[+ 8 uncle ,plato1 says t a c]ta9 incorporeal p[] gov]ns ev]y?+2 by :i* he endeavors to root out ( our m9ds ! k ( ! ,gods4 ,ari/otle1 9 8 ?ird book ( ,philosophy1 conf\nds _m ?+s toge!r1 z ! re/ h done2 b he does n diff] f 8 ma/] ,plato4 ,at "o "t he attributes all div9ity to ! m9d1 at ano!r he ass]ts t ! _w is ,god4 ,soon aft]w>d he makes "s o!r ess5ce preside ov] ! _w1 & gives x ^? faculties by :i*1 ) c]ta9 revolutions1 he may gov]n & pres]ve ! motion ( x4 ,!n he ass]ts ! heat ( ! firmam5t to be ,god2 n p]ceiv+ ! firmam5t to be "p ( ! _w1 :i* 9 ano!r place he _h describ$ z ,god4 ,h[ c t div9e s5se ( ! firmam5t be pres]v$ 9 s rapid a motion8 ,& :]e d ! multitude ( ,gods dwell1 if heav5 itself is a ,deity8 ,b :5 ?is philosoph] says t ,god is )\t a body1 he makes him an irrational & ins5sible be+4 ,besides1 h[ c ! _w move itself1 if x wants a body8 ,or h[1 if x is 9 p]petual self-motion1 c x be easy & happy8 ,x5ocrates1 8 fell[-pupil1 does n appe> mu* wis] on ?is head1 = 9 8 books conc]n+ ! nature ( ! ,gods no div9e =m is describ$2 b he says ! numb] ( !m is eight4 ,five are mov+ planets2#he ! six? is conta9$ 9 all ! fix$ />s2 :i*1 disp]s$1 are s _m sev]al memb]s1 b1 consid]$ toge!r1 are "o s+le ,deity2 ! sev5? is ! sun2 & ! eigh? ! moon4 ,b 9 :at s5se !y c possibly be happy is n easy to be und]/ood4 ,f ! same s*ool ( ,plato1 ,h]aclides ( ,pontus /uff$ 8 books ) pu]ile tales4 ,sometimes he ?9ks ! _w a ,deity1 at o!r times ! m9d4 ,he attributes div9ity likewise to ! w&]+ />s4 ,he deprives ! ,deity ( s5se1 & makes 8 =m mutable2 &1 9 ! same book aga91 he makes e>? & heav5 ,deities4 ,! un/ead9ess ( ,!ophra/us is equally intol]able4 ,at "o "t he attributes a div9e pr]ogative to ! m9d2 at ano!r1 to ! firmam5t2 at ano!r1 to ! />s & cele/ial con/ellations4 ,nor is 8 disciple ,/rato1 :o is call$ ! naturali/1 any m wor?y to be reg>d$2 = he ?9ks t ! div9e p[] is diffus$ ?r\gh nature1 :i* is ! cause ( bir?1 increase1 & dim9ution1 b t x has no s5se nor =m4 ,,xiv4 ,z5o 7to come to y\r sect1 ,balbus7 ?9ks ! law ( nature to be ! div9ity1 & t x has ! p[] to =ce u to :at is "r1 & to re/ra9 u f :at is wrong4 ,h[ ?is law c be an animat$ be+ ,i _c conceive2 b t ,god is s we w\ld c]ta9ly ma9ta94 ,! same p]son says1 9 ano!r place1 t ! sky is ,god2 b c we possibly conceive t ,god is a be+ ins5sible1 deaf to our pray]s1 our wi%es1 & our v[s1 & :olly unconnect$ ) u8 ,9 o!r books he ?9ks !re is a c]ta9 rational ess5ce p]vad+ all nature1 indu$ ) div9e efficacy4 ,he attributes ! same p[] to ! />s1 to ! ye>s1 to ! mon?s1 & to ! seasons4 ,9 8 int]pretation ( ,hesiod's ,!ogony1#hf he entirely de/roys ! e/abli%$ notions ( ! ,gods2 = he excludes ,jupit]1 ,juno1 & ,ve/a1 & ^? e/eem$ div9e1 f ! numb] ( !m2 b 8 doctr9e is t ^! are names :i* by "s k9d ( allusion are giv5 to mute & inanimate be+s4 ,! s5tim5ts ( 8 disciple ,ari/o are n less errone\s4 ,he ?\ght x impossible to conceive ! =m ( ! ,deity1 & ass]ts t ! ,gods are de/itute ( s5se2 & he is entirely dubi\s :e!r ! ,deity is an animat$ be+ or n4 ,clean!s1 :o next comes "u my notice1 a disciple ( ,z5o at ! same "t ) ,ari/o1 9 "o place says t ! _w is ,god2 9 ano!r1 he attributes div9ity to ! m9d & _s ( univ]sal nature2 !n he ass]ts t ! mo/ remote1 ! highe/1 ! all-surr\nd+1 ! all-enclos+ & embrac+ heat1 :i* is call$ ! sky1 is mo/ c]ta9ly ! ,deity4 ,9 ! books he wrote aga9/ pleasure1 9 :i* he seems to be rav+1 he imag9es ! ,gods to h a c]ta9 =m & %ape2 !n he ascribes all div9ity to ! />s2 &1 la/ly1 he ?9ks no?+ m div9e ?an reason4 ,s t ?is ,god1 :om we "k m5tally & 9 ! speculations ( our m9ds1 f :i* traces we receive our impression1 has at la/ actually no visible =m at all4 ,,xv4 ,p]su1 ano!r disciple ( ,z5o1 says t !y :o h made discov]ies advantage\s to ! life ( man %\ld be e/eem$ z ,gods2 & ! v ?+s1 he says1 :i* are heal?ful & b5eficial h d]iv$ _! names f ^? ( ! ,gods2 s t he ?9ks x n suffici5t to call !m ! discov]ies ( ,gods1 b he urges t !y !mselves %\ld be deem$ div9e4 ,:at c be m absurd ?an to ascribe div9e honors to sordid & de=m$ ?+s2 or to place among ! ,gods m5 :o are dead & mix$ ) ! du/1 to ^: memory all ! respect t c\ld be paid w\ld be b m\rn+ = _! loss8 ,*rysippus1 :o is look$ ^u z ! mo/ subtle int]pret] ( ! dreams ( ! ,/oics1 has mu/]$ up a num]\s b& ( unkn[n ,gods2 & s unkn[n t we are n able to =m any idea ab\t !m1 ?\gh our m9d seems capable ( fram+ any image to itself 9 its ?\ghts4 ,= he says t ! div9e p[] is plac$ 9 reason1 & 9 ! _s & m9d ( univ]sal nature2 t ! _w1 ) a univ]sal effusion ( its _s1 is ,god2 t ! sup]ior "p ( t _s1 :i* is ! m9d & reason1 is ! great pr9ciple ( nature1 conta9+ & pres]v+ ! *a9 ( all ?+s2 t ! div9ity is ! p[] ( fate1 & ! necessity ( future ev5ts4 ,he deifies fire also1 & :at ,i be=e call$ ! e!real _s1 & ^? elem5ts :i* naturally proce$ f x--wat]1 e>?1 & air4 ,he attributes div9ity to ! sun1 moon1 />s1 & univ]sal space1 ! gr& conta9] ( all ?+s1 & to ^? m5 likewise :o h obta9$ immortality4 ,he ma9ta9s ! sky to be :at m5 call ,jupit]2 ! air1 :i* p]vades ! sea1 to be ,neptune2 & ! e>?1 ,c]es4 ,9 l mann] he goes ?r\gh ! names ( ! o!r ,deities4 ,he says t ,jupit] is t immutable & et]nal law :i* guides & directs u 9 our mann]s2 & ?is he calls fatal necessity1 ! ev]la/+ v]ity ( future ev5ts4 ,b none ( ^! are ( su* a nature z to seem to c>ry any indication ( div9e virtue 9 !m4 ,^! are ! doctr9es conta9$ 9 8 fir/ book ( ! ,nature ( ! ,gods4 ,9 ! second1 he endeavors to accommodate ! fables ( ,orpheus1 ,musu1 ,hesiod1 & ,hom] to :at he has advanc$ 9 ! fir/1 9 ord] t ! mo/ anci5t poets1 :o nev] dream$ ( ^! ?+s1 may seem to h be5 ,/oics4 ,diog5es ! ,babylonian 0 a foll[] ( ! doctr9e ( ,*rysippus2 & 9 t book :i* he wrote1 entitl$ ,a ,treatise conc]n+ ,m9]va1 he sep>ates ! acc\nt ( ,jupit]'s br++-=?1 & ! bir? ( t virg91 f ! fabul\s1 & r$uces x to a natural con/ruction4 ,,xvi4 ,?us f> h ,i be5 r expos+ ! dreams ( dot>ds ?an giv+ ! op9ions ( philosoph]s4 ,n mu* m absurd ?an ^! are ! fables ( ! poets1 :o owe all _! p[] ( do+ h>m to ! sweetness ( _! language2 :o h repres5t$ ! ,gods z enrag$ ) ang] & inflam$ ) lu/2 :o h br\ght be=e our eyes _! w>s1 battles1 combats1 w\nds2 _! hatr$s1 diss5sions1 discords1 bir?s1 dea?s1 compla9ts1 & lam5tations2 _! indulg5ces 9 all k9ds ( intemp]ance2 _! adult]ies2 _! *a9s2 _! am\rs ) mortals1 & mortals begott5 by immortals4 ,to ^! idle & ridicul\s flights ( ! poets we may add ! prodigi\s /ories inv5t$ by ! ,magi1 & by ! ,egyptians also1 :i* 7 ( ! same nature1 toge!r ) ! extravagant notions ( ! multitude at all times1 :o1 f total ignorance ( ! tru?1 are always fluctuat+ 9 unc]ta9ty4 ,n[1 :oev] reflects on ! ra%ness & absurdity ( ^! t5ets mu/ inevitably ent]ta9 ! highe/ respect & v5]ation = ,epicurus1 & p]haps ev5 rank him 9 ! numb] ( ^? be+s :o are ! subject ( ?is dispute2 = he alone fir/ f\nd$ ! idea ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods on ! impression :i* nature h]self ha? made on ! m9ds ( all m54 ,= :at nation1 :at p are !re1 :o h n1 )\t any le>n+1 a natural idea1 or pr5otion1 ( a ,deity8 ,epicurus calls ?is ,greek3 prolpsis2 t is1 an antec$5t conception ( ! fact 9 ! m9d1 )\t :i* no?+ c be und]/ood1 inquir$ aft]1 or disc\rs$ on2 ! =ce & advantage ( :i* reason+ we receive f t cele/ial volume ( ,epicurus conc]n+ ! ,rule & ,judgm5t ( ,?+s4 ,,xvii4 ,"h1 !n1 y see ! f\ndation ( ?is "q cle>ly laid2 = s9ce x is ! con/ant & univ]sal op9ion ( mank9d1 indep5d5t ( education1 cu/om1 or law1 t !re are ,gods1 x mu/ necess>ily foll[ t ?is k is implant$ 9 our m9ds1 or1 r1 innate 9 u4 ,t op9ion respect+ :i* !re is a g5]al agreem5t 9 univ]sal nature mu/ infallibly be true2 !re=e x mu/ be all[$ t !re are ,gods2 = 9 ?is we h ! concurr5ce1 n only ( almo/ all philosoph]s1 b likewise ( ! ignorant & illit]ate4 ,x mu/ be also confess$ t ! po9t is e/abli%$ t we h naturally ?is idea1 z ,i said be=e1 or pr5otion1 ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods4 ,z new ?+s require new names1 s t pr5otion 0 call$ ,greek3 prolpsis by ,epicurus2 an appellation nev] us$ be=e4 ,on ! same pr9ciple ( reason+1 we ?9k t ! ,gods are happy & immortal2 = t nature :i* ha? assur$ u t !re are ,gods has likewise impr9t$ 9 our m9ds ! k ( _! immortality & felicity2 & if s1 :at ,epicurus ha? decl>$ 9 ^! words is true3 ,t :i* is et]nally happy _c be burd5$ ) any labor itself1 nor c x impose any labor on ano!r2 nor c x be influ5c$ by res5tm5t or favor3 because ?+s :i* are liable to su* feel+s mu/ be weak & frail4 ,we h said en\gh to prove t we %\ld wor%ip ! ,gods ) piety1 & )\t sup]/ition1 if t 7 ! only "q4 ,= ! sup]ior & excell5t nature ( ! ,gods requires a pi\s adoration f m51 because x is possess$ ( immortality & ! mo/ exalt$ felicity2 = :atev] excels has a "r to v5]ation1 & all fe> ( ! p[] & ang] ( ! ,gods %\ld be bani%$2 = we mu/ und]/& t ang] & affection are inconsi/5t ) ! nature ( a happy & immortal be+4 ,^! appreh5sions be+ remov$1 no dread ( ! sup]ior p[]s rema9s4 ,to confirm ?is op9ion1 our curiosity leads u to inquire into ! =m & life & action ( ! intellect & _s ( ! ,deity4 ,,xviii4 ,) reg>d to 8 =m1 we are direct$ p>tly by nature & p>tly by reason4 ,all m5 are told by nature t none b a human =m c be ascrib$ to ! ,gods2 = "u :at o!r image did x ev] appe> to any "o ei!r sleep+ or wak+8 &1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to our fir/ notions1#hg reason itself decl>es ! same2 = z x is easy to conceive t ! mo/ excell5t nature1 ei!r because ( its happ9ess or immortality1 %\ld be ! mo/ beautiful1 :at composition ( limbs1 :at con=mation ( l9eam5ts1 :at =m1 :at aspect1 c be m beautiful ?an ! human8 ,y\r sect1 ,lucilius 7n l my fri5d ,cotta1 :o sometimes says "o ?+ & sometimes ano!r71 :5 !y repres5t ! div9e art & workman%ip 9 ! human body1 are us$ to describe h[ v completely ea* memb] is =m$1 n only = conv5i5ce1 b also = beauty4 ,!re=e1 if ! human =m excels t ( all o!r animal be+s1 z ,god himself is an animat$ be+1 he mu/ surely be ( t =m :i* is ! mo/ beautiful4 ,besides1 ! ,gods are grant$ to be p]fectly happy2 & nobody c be happy )\t virtue1 nor c virtue exi/ :]e reason is n2 & reason c reside 9 none b ! human =m2 ! ,gods1 !re=e1 mu/ be ackn[l$g$ to be ( human =m2 yet t =m is n body1 b some?+ l body2 nor does x conta9 any blood1 b some?+ l blood4 ,?\gh ^! di/9ctions 7 m acutely devis$ & m artfully express$ by ,epicurus ?an any common capacity c compreh5d2 yet1 dep5d+ on y\r und]/&+1 ,i %all be m brief on ! subject ?an o!rwise ,i %\ld be4 ,epicurus1 :o n only discov]$ & und]/ood ! occult & almo/ hidd5 secrets ( nature1 b expla9$ !m ) ease1 tea*es t ! p[] & nature ( ! ,gods is n to be disc]n$ by ! s5ses1 b by ! m9d2 nor are !y to be consid]$ z bodies ( any solidity1 or r$ucible to numb]1 l ^? ?+s :i*1 because ( _! firmness1 he calls ,greek3 ,/]emnia2#hh b z images1 p]ceiv$ by similitude & transition4 ,z inf9ite k9ds ( ^? images result f innum]able individuals1 & c5tre 9 ! ,gods1 our m9ds & und]/&+ are direct$ t[>ds & fix$ ) ! greate/ delight on !m1 9 ord] to compreh5d :at t happy & et]nal ess5ce is4 ,,xix4 ,surely ! mighty p[] ( ! ,inf9ite ,be+ is mo/ wor?y our great & e>ne/ contemplation2 ! nature ( :i* we mu/ necess>ily und]/& to be su* t ev]y?+ 9 x is made to correspond completely to "s o!r answ]+ "p4 ,?is is call$ by ,epicurus ,greek3 isonomia2 t is to say1 an equal di/ribution or ev5 disposition ( ?+s4 ,f h5ce he draws ?is inf]5ce1 t1 z !re is su* a va/ multitude ( mortals1 !re _c be a less numb] ( immortals2 & if ^? :i* p]i% are innum]able1 ^? :i* are pres]v$ ought also to be c\ntless4 ,y\r sect1 ,balbus1 frequ5tly ask u h[ ! ,gods live1 & h[ !y pass _! "t8 ,_! life is ! mo/ happy1 & ! mo/ ab\nd+ ) all k9ds ( bless+s1 :i* c be conceiv$4 ,!y d no?+4 ,!y are emb>rass$ ) no bus9ess2 nor d !y p]=m any "w4 ,!y rejoice 9 ! possession ( _! own wisdom & virtue4 ,!y are satisfi$ t !y %all ev] enjoy ! fulness ( et]nal pleasures4 ,,xx4 ,su* a ,deity may prop]ly be call$ happy2 b y\rs is a mo/ labori\s ,god4 ,= let u suppose ! _w a ,deity--:at c be a m uneasy /ate ?an1 )\t ! lea/ cessation1 to be :irl$ ab\t ! axle-tree ( heav5 ) a surpris+ cel]ity8 ,b no?+ c be happy t is n at ease4 ,or let u suppose a ,deity resid+ 9 ! _w1 :o directs & gov]ns x1 :o pres]ves ! c\rses ( ! />s1 ! *anges ( ! seasons1 & ! vicissitudes & ord]s ( ?+s1 survey+ ! e>? & ! sea1 & accommodat+ !m to ! advantage & necessities ( man4 ,truly ?is ,deity is emb>rass$ ) a v tr\blesome & labori\s (fice4 ,we make a happy life to consi/ 9 a tranquillity ( m9d1 a p]fect fre$om f c>e1 & an exemption f all employm5t4 ,! philosoph] f :om we receiv$ all our k has taught u t ! _w 0 made by nature2 t !re 0 no occasion = a workh\se to frame x 92 & t1 ?\gh y d5y ! possibility ( su* a "w )\t div9e skill1 x is s easy to h]1 t %e has made1 does make1 & w make innum]able worlds4 ,b1 because y d n conceive t nature is able to produce su* effects )\t "s rational aid1 y are =c$1 l ! tragic poets1 :5 y _c w9d up y\r argum5t 9 any o!r way1 to h rec\rse to a ,deity1 ^: assi/ance y w\ld n seek1 if y c\ld view t va/ & unb\nd$ magnitude ( regions 9 all p>ts2 :]e ! m9d1 ext5d+ & spread+ itself1 travels s f> & wide t x c f9d no end1 no extremity to /op at4 ,9 ?is imm5sity ( bread?1 l5g?1 & height1 a mo/ b\ndless company ( innum]able atoms are flutt]+ ab\t1 :i*1 not)/&+ ! int]position ( a void space1 meet & coh]e1 & cont9ue cl++ to "o ano!r2 & by ?is union ^! modifications & =ms ( ?+s arise1 :i*1 9 y\r op9ions1 c\ld n possibly be made )\t ! help ( bell[s & anvils4 ,?us y h impos$ on u an et]nal ma/]1 :om we mu/ dread day & night4 ,= :o c be free f fe> ( a ,deity :o =esees1 reg>ds1 & takes notice ( ev]y?+2 "o :o ?9ks all ?+s 8 own2 a curi\s1 ev]-busy ,god8 ,h5ce fir/ arose y\r ,greek3 ,heim>m51 z y call x1 y\r fatal necessity2 s t1 :atev] happ5s1 y affirm t x fl[s f an et]nal *a9 & cont9uance ( causes4 ,( :at value is ?is philosophy1 :i*1 l old wom5 & illit]ate m51 attributes ev]y?+ to fate8 ,!n foll[s y\r ,greek3 mantik1 9 ,lat9 call$ div9atio1 div9ation2 :i*1 if we w\ld li/5 to y1 w\ld plunge u into su* sup]/ition t we %\ld fall d[n & wor%ip y\r inspectors into sacrifices1 y\r augurs1 y\r soo?say]s1 y\r prophets1 & y\r =tune-tell]s4 ,epicurus hav+ fre$ u f ^! t]rors & re/or$ u to lib]ty1 we h no dread ( ^? be+s :om we h reason to ?9k entirely free f all tr\ble !mselves1 & :o d n impose any on o!rs4 ,we pay our adoration1 inde$1 ) piety & rev]5ce to t ess5ce :i* is above all excell5ce & p]fection4 ,b ,i fe> my zeal = ?is doctr9e has made me too prolix4 ,h[ev]1 ,i c\ld n easily leave s em95t & important a subject unf9i%$1 ?\gh ,i mu/ confess ,i %\ld r endeavor to he> ?an speak s long4 ,,xxi4 ,cotta1 ) 8 usual c\rtesy1 !n began4 ,velleius1 says he1 7 x n = some?+ :i* y h advanc$1 ,i %\ld h rema9$ sil5t2 = ,i h (t5 obs]v$1 z ,i did j n[ ^u he>+ y1 t ,i _c s easily conceive :y a proposition is true z :y x is false4 ,%\ld y ask me :at ,i take ! nature ( ! ,gods to be1 ,i %\ld p]haps make no answ]4 ,b if y %\ld ask :e!r ,i ?9k x to be ( t nature :i* y h describ$1 ,i %\ld answ] t ,i 0 z f> z possible f agree+ ) y4 ,h[ev]1 be=e ,i ent] on ! subject ( y\r disc\rse & :at y h advanc$ ^u x1 ,i w give y my op9ion ( y\rself4 ,y\r intimate fri5d1 ,l4 ,crassus1 has be5 (t5 he>d by me to say t y 7 beyond all "q sup]ior to all our le>n$ ,romans2 & t few ,epicureans 9 ,greece 7 to be comp>$ to y4 ,b z ,i knew :at a wond]ful e/eem he _h = y1 ,i imag9$ t might make him ! m lavi% 9 comm5dation ( y4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ?\gh ,i d n *oose to praise any "o :5 pres5t1 yet ,i mu/ confess t ,i ?9k y h deliv]$ y\r ?\ghts cle>ly on an obscure & v intricate subject2 t y are n only copi\s 9 y\r s5tim5ts1 b m elegant 9 y\r language ?an y\r sect g5]ally are4 ,:5 ,i 0 at ,a!ns1 ,i w5t (t5 to he> ,z5o1 by ! advice ( ,philo1 :o us$ to call him ! *ief ( ! ,epicureans2 p>tly1 probably1 9 ord] to judge m easily h[ completely ^? pr9ciples c\ld be refut$ aft] ,i _h he>d !m /at$ by ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,epicureans4 ,&1 inde$1 he did n speak 9 any ord9>y mann]2 b1 l y1 ) cle>ness1 gravity1 & elegance2 yet :at frequ5tly gave me great uneas9ess :5 ,i he>d him1 z x did :ile ,i att5d$ to y1 0 to see s excell5t a g5ius fall+ into su* frivol\s 7excuse my fre$om71 n to say fooli%1 doctr9es4 ,h[ev]1 ,i %all n at pres5t (f] any?+ bett]2 =1 z ,i said be=e1 we c 9 mo/ subjects1 especially 9 physics1 soon] discov] :at is n true ?an :at is4 ,,xxii4 ,if y %\ld ask me :at ,god is1 or :at 8 "* & nature are1 ,i %\ld foll[ ! example ( ,simonides1 :o1 :5 ,hi]o ! tyrant propos$ ! same "q to him1 desir$ a day to consid] ( x4 ,:5 he requir$ 8 answ] ! next day1 ,simonides begg$ two days m2 & z he kept con/antly desir+ d\ble ! numb] :i* he _h requir$ be=e in/ead ( giv+ 8 answ]1 ,hi]o1 ) surprise1 ask$ him 8 mean+ 9 do+ s3 ,because1 says he1 ! long] ,i m$itate on x1 ! m obscure x appe>s to me4 ,simonides1 :o 0 n only a delightful poet1 b reput$ a wise & le>n$ man 9 o!r bran*es ( k1 f\nd1 ,i suppose1 s _m acute & ref9$ argum5ts occurr+ to him1 t he 0 d\btful :i* 0 ! true/1 & !re=e despair$ ( discov]+ any tru?4 ,b does y\r ,epicurus 7= ,i _h r cont5d ) him ?an ) y7 say any?+ t is wor?y ! "n ( philosophy1 or ev5 ( common-s5se8 ,9 ! "q conc]n+ ! nature ( ! ,gods1 8 fir/ inquiry is1 :e!r !re are ,gods or n4 ,x w\ld be dang]\s1 ,i believe1 to take ! negative side be=e a public auditory2 b x is v safe 9 a disc\rse ( ?is k9d1 & 9 ?is company4 ,i1 :o am a prie/1 & :o ?9k t religions & c]emonies ought sacr$ly to be ma9ta9$1 am c]ta9ly desir\s to h ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods1 :i* is ! pr9cipal po9t 9 debate1 n only fix$ 9 op9ion1 b prov$ to a demon/ration2 = _m notions fl[ into & di/urb ! m9d :i* sometimes seem to conv9ce u t !re are none4 ,b see h[ c&idly ,i w behave to y3 z ,i %all n t\* ^u ^? t5ets y hold 9 common ) o!r philosoph]s1 consequ5tly ,i %all n dispute ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods1 = t doctr9e is agreeable to almo/ all m51 & to myself 9 p>ticul>2 b ,i am /ill at lib]ty to f9d fault ) ! reasons y give = x1 :i* ,i ?9k are v insuffici5t4 ,,xxiii4 ,y h said t ! g5]al ass5t ( m5 ( all nations & all degrees is an argum5t /rong en\gh to induce u to ackn[l$ge ! be+ ( ! ,gods4 ,?is is n only a weak1 b a false1 argum5t2 =1 fir/ ( all1 h[ d y "k ! op9ions ( all nations8 ,i really believe !re are _m p s savage t !y h no ?\ghts ( a ,deity4 ,:at ?9k y ( ,diagoras1 :o 0 call$ ! a!i/2 & ( ,!odorus aft] him8 ,did n !y pla9ly d5y ! v ess5ce ( a ,deity8 ,protagoras ( ,abd]a1 :om y j n[ m5tion$1 ! greate/ sophi/ ( 8 age1 0 bani%$ by ord] ( ! ,a!nians f _! city & t]ritories1 & 8 books 7 publicly burn$1 because ^! words 7 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 treatise conc]n+ ! ,gods3 ,i am unable to arrive at any k :e!r !re are1 or are n1 any ,gods4 ,?is treatm5t ( him1 ,i imag9e1 re/ra9$ _m f pr(ess+ _! disbelief ( a ,deity1 s9ce ! d\bt ( x only c\ld n escape puni%m5t4 ,:at %all we say ( ! sacrilegi\s1 ! impi\s1 & ! p]jur$8 ,if ,tubulus ,lucius1 ,lupus1 or ,c>bo ! son ( ,neptune1 z ,lucilius says1 _h believ$ t !re 7 ,gods1 w\ld ei!r ( !m h c>ri$ 8 p]juries & impieties to su* excess8 ,y\r reason+1 !re=e1 to confirm y\r ass]tion is n s conclusive z y ?9k x is4 ,b z ?is is ! mann] 9 :i* o!r philosoph]s h argu$ on ! same subject1 ,i w take no fur!r notice ( x at pres5t2 ,i r *oose to proce$ to :at is prop]ly y\r own4 ,i all[ t !re are ,gods4 ,in/ruct me1 !n1 conc]n+ _! orig92 in=m me :]e !y are1 :at sort ( body1 :at m9d1 !y h1 & :at is _! c\rse ( life2 = ^! ,i am desir\s ( kn[+4 ,y attribute ! mo/ absolute p[] & efficacy to atoms4 ,out ( !m y pret5d t ev]y?+ is made4 ,b !re are no atoms1 = !re is no?+ )\t body2 e place is occupi$ by body1 !re=e !re c be no su* ?+ z a vacuum or an atom4 ,,xxiv4 ,i advance ^! pr9ciples ( ! naturali/s )\t kn[+ :e!r !y are true or false2 yet !y are m l tru? ?an ^? /atem5ts ( y\rs2 = !y are ! absurdities 9 :i* ,democritus1 or be=e him ,leucippus1 us$ to indulge1 say+ t !re are c]ta9 light corpuscles--"s smoo?1 "s r\gh1 "s r\nd1 "s squ>e1 "s crook$ & b5t z b[s--:i* by a =tuit\s conc\rse made heav5 & e>?1 )\t ! influ5ce ( any natural p[]4 ,?is op9ion1 ,c4 ,velleius1 y h br\ght d[n to ^! our times2 & y w\ld soon] be depriv$ ( ! greate/ advantages ( life ?an ( t au?ority2 = be=e y 7 acqua9t$ ) ^? t5ets1 y ?\ght t y ought to pr(ess y\rself an ,epicurean2 s t x 0 necess>y t y %\ld ei!r embrace ^! absurdities or lose ! philosophical "* :i* y _h tak5 ^u y2 & :at c\ld bribe y to r5\nce ! ,epicurean op9ion8 ,no?+1 y say1 c prevail on y to =sake ! tru? & ! sure means ( a happy life4 ,b is t ! tru?8 = ,i %all n conte/ y\r happy life1 :i* y ?9k ! ,deity himself does n enjoy unless he langui%es 9 idl5ess4 ,b :]e is tru?8 ,is x 9 y\r innum]able worlds1 "s ( :i* are ris+1 "s fall+1 at e mom5t ( "t8 ,or is x 9 y\r atomical corpuscles1 :i* =m su* excell5t works )\t ! direction ( any natural p[] or reason8 ,b ,i 0 =gett+ my lib]ality1 :i* ,i _h promis$ to ex]t 9 y\r case1 & exce$+ ! b\nds :i* ,i at fir/ propos$ to myself4 ,grant+1 !n1 ev]y?+ to be made ( atoms1 :at advantage is t to y\r argum5t8 ,= we are se>*+ aft] ! nature ( ! ,gods2 & all[+ !m to be made ( atoms1 !y _c be et]nal1 because :atev] is made ( atoms mu/ h _h a beg9n+3 if s1 !re 7 no ,gods till !re 0 ?is beg9n+2 & if ! ,gods h _h a beg9n+1 !y mu/ necess>ily h an end1 z y h be=e cont5d$ :5 y 7 discuss+ ,plato's _w4 ,:]e1 !n1 is y\r beatitude & immortality1 9 :i* two words y say t ,god is express$1 ! endeavor to prove :i* r$uces y to ! greate/ p]plexities8 ,= y said t ,god _h no body1 b some?+ l body2 & no blood1 b some?+ l blood4 ,,xxv4 ,x is a frequ5t practice among y1 :5 y ass]t any?+ t has no resemblance to tru?1 & wi% to avoid repreh5sion1 to advance some?+ else :i* is absolutely & utt]ly impossible1 9 ord] t x may seem to y\r adv]s>ies bett] to grant t po9t :i* has be5 a matt] ( d\bt ?an to keep on p]t9aci\sly contradict+ y on e po9t3 l ,epicurus1 :o1 :5 he f\nd t if 8 atoms 7 all[$ to desc5d by _! own weight1 our actions c\ld n be 9 our own p[]1 because _! motions w\ld be c]ta9 & necess>y1 inv5t$ an exp$i5t1 :i* escap$ ,democritus1 to avoid necessity4 ,he says t :5 ! atoms desc5d by _! own weight & gravity1 !y move a little obliquely4 ,surely1 to make su* an ass]tion z ?is is :at "o ought m to be a%am$ ( ?an ! ackn[l$g+ ourselves unable to def5d ! proposition4 ,8 practice is ! same aga9/ ! logicians1 :o say t 9 all propositions 9 :i* yes or no is requir$1 "o ( !m mu/ be true2 he 0 afraid t if ?is 7 grant$1 !n1 9 su* a proposition z ,epicurus w be alive or dead to-morr[1 ei!r "o or ! o!r mu/ necess>ily be admitt$2 !re=e he absolutely d5i$ ! necessity ( yes or no4 ,c any?+ %[ /upidity 9 a great] degree8 ,z5o1#hi be+ press$ by ,arcesilas1 :o pron\nc$ all ?+s to be false :i* are p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses1 said t "s ?+s 7 false1 b n all4 ,epicurus 0 afraid t if any "o ?+ se5 %\ld be false1 no?+ c\ld be true2 & !re=e he ass]t$ all ! s5ses to be infallible directors ( tru?4 ,no?+ c be m ra% ?an ?is2 = by endeavor+ to repel a light /roke1 he receives a heavy bl[4 ,on ! subject ( ! nature ( ! ,gods1 he falls into ! same errors4 ,:ile he w\ld avoid ! concretion ( individual bodies1 le/ dea? & dissolution %\ld be ! consequ5ce1 he d5ies t ! ,gods h body1 b says !y h some?+ l body2 & says !y h no blood1 b some?+ l blood4 ,,xxvi4 ,x seems an unacc\ntable ?+ h[ "o soo?say] c refra9 f laugh+ :5 he sees ano!r4 ,x is yet a great] wond] t y c refra9 f laugh+ among y\rselves4 ,x is no body1 b some?+ l body6 ,i c\ld und]/& ?is if x 7 appli$ to /atues made ( wax or clay2 b 9 reg>d to ! ,deity1 ,i am n able to discov] :at is meant by a quasi-body or quasi-blood4 ,nor inde$ are y1 ,velleius1 ?\gh y w n confess s mu*4 ,= ^? precepts are deliv]$ to y z dictates :i* ,epicurus c>elessly blund]$ out2 = he boa/$1 z we see 9 8 writ+s1 t he _h no in/ructor1 :i* ,i c\ld easily believe )\t 8 public decl>ation ( x1 = ! same reason t ,i c\ld believe ! ma/] ( a v bad edifice if he 7 to boa/ t he _h no ar*itect b himself3 = !re is no?+ ( ! ,academy1 no?+ ( ! ,lyceum1 9 8 doctr9e2 no?+ b pu]ilities4 ,he might h be5 a pupil ( ,x5ocrates4 ,o ye immortal ,gods1 :at a tea*] 0 he6 ,& !re are ^? :o believe t he actually 0 8 pupil2 b he says o!rwise1 & ,i %all give m cr$it to 8 ^w ?an to ano!r's4 ,he confesses t he 0 a pupil ( a c]ta9 disciple ( ,plato1 "o ,pamphilus1 at ,samos2 = he liv$ !re :5 he 0 "y1 ) 8 fa!r & 8 bro!rs4 ,8 fa!r1 ,neocles1 0 a f>m] 9 ^? p>ts2 b z ! f>m1 ,i suppose1 0 n suffici5t to ma9ta9 him1 he turn$ s*ool-ma/]2 yet ,epicurus treats ?is ,platonic philosoph] ) wond]ful contempt1 s fe>ful 0 he t x %\ld be ?\ght he _h ev] _h any in/ruction4 ,b x is well kn[n he _h be5 a pupil ( ,nausiphanes1 ! foll[] ( ,democritus2 & s9ce he c\ld n d5y x1 he load$ him ) insults 9 abundance4 ,if he nev] he>d a lecture on ^! ,democritean pr9ciples1 :at lectures did he ev] he>8 ,:at is !re 9 ,epicurus's physics t is n tak5 f ,democritus8 ,= ?\gh he alt]$ "s ?+s1 z :at ,i m5tion$ be=e ( ! oblique motions ( ! atoms1 yet mo/ ( 8 doctr9es are ! same2 8 atoms--8 vacuum--8 images--inf9ity ( space--innum]able worlds1 _! rise & decay--& almo/ e "p ( natural le>n+ t he treats (4 ,n[1 d y und]/& :at is meant by quasi-body & quasi-blood8 ,= ,i n only ackn[l$ge t y are a bett] judge ( x ?an ,i am1 b ,i c be> x )\t envy4 ,if any s5tim5ts1 inde$1 are communicat$ )\t obscurity1 :at is !re t ,velleius c und]/& & ,cotta n8 ,i "k :at body is1 & :at blood is2 b ,i _c possibly f9d out ! mean+ ( quasi-body & quasi-blood4 ,n t y int5tionally conceal y\r pr9ciples f me1 z ,py?agoras did 8 f ^? :o 7 n 8 disciples2 or t y are int5tionally obscure1 l ,h]aclitus4 ,b ! tru? is 7:i* ,i may v5ture to say 9 ?is company71 y d n und]/& !m y\rself4 ,,xxvii4 ,?is1 ,i p]ceive1 is :at y cont5d =1 t ! ,gods h a c]ta9 figure t has no?+ concrete1 no?+ solid1 no?+ ( express sub/ance1 no?+ prom95t 9 x2 b t x is pure1 smoo?1 & transp>5t4 ,let u suppose ! same ) ! ,v5us ( ,cos1 :i* is n a body1 b ! repres5tation ( a body2 nor is ! r$1 :i* is drawn !re & mix$ ) ! :ite1 real blood1 b a c]ta9 resemblance ( blood2 s 9 ,epicurus's ,deity !re is no real sub/ance1 b ! resemblance ( sub/ance4 ,let me take = grant$ t :i* is p]fectly un9telligible2 !n tell me :at are ! l9eam5ts & figures ( ^! sket*$-out ,deities4 ,"h y h pl5ty ( argum5ts by :i* y w\ld %[ ! ,gods to be 9 human =m4 ,! fir/ is1 t our m9ds are s anticipat$ & prepossess$1 t :5ev] we ?9k ( a ,deity ! human %ape occurs to u4 ,! next is1 t z ! div9e nature excels all ?+s1 s x ought to be ( ! mo/ beautiful =m1 & !re is no =m m beautiful ?an ! human2 & ! ?ird is1 t reason _c reside 9 any o!r %ape4 ,fir/1 let u consid] ea* argum5t sep>ately4 ,y seem to me to assume a pr9ciple1 despotically ,i may say1 t has no mann] ( probability 9 x4 ,:o 0 ev] s bl9d1 9 contemplat+ ^! subjects1 z n to see t ! ,gods 7 repres5t$ 9 human =m1 ei!r by ! p>ticul> advice ( wise m51 :o ?\ght by ^? means ! m easily to turn ! m9ds ( ! ignorant f a depravity ( mann]s to ! wor%ip ( ! ,gods2 or ?r\gh sup]/ition1 :i* 0 ! cause ( _! believ+ t :5 !y 7 pay+ adoration to ^! images !y 7 approa*+ ! ,gods !mselves4 ,^! conceits 7 n a little improv$ by ! poets1 pa9t]s1 & artific]s2 = x w\ld n h be5 v easy to repres5t ! ,gods plann+ & execut+ any "w 9 ano!r =m1 & p]haps ?is op9ion arose f ! idea :i* mank9d h ( _! own beauty4 ,b d n y1 :o are s great an adept 9 physics1 see :at a soo?+ flatt]]1 :at a sort ( procuress1 nature is to h]self8 ,d y ?9k !re is any creature on ! l& or 9 ! sea t is n highly delight$ ) its own =m8 ,if x 7 n s1 :y w\ld n a bull become enamor$ ( a m>e1 or a horse ( a c[8 ,d y believe an eagle1 a lion1 or a dolph9 pref]s any %ape to its own8 ,if nature1 !re=e1 has in/ruct$ u 9 ! same mann]1 t no?+ is m beautiful ?an man1 :at wond] is x t we1 = t reason1 %\ld imag9e ! ,gods are ( ! human =m8 ,d y suppose if bea/s 7 end[$ ) reason t e "o w\ld n give ! prize ( beauty to 8 own species8 ,,xxviii4 ,yet1 by ,h]cules 7,i speak z ,i ?9k76 ?\gh ,i am fond en\gh ( myself1 ,i d>e n say t ,i excel 9 beauty t bull :i* c>ri$ ,europa4 ,= ! "q "h is n conc]n+ our g5ius & elocution1 b our species & figure4 ,if we c\ld make & assume to ourselves any =m1 w\ld y be unwill+ to resemble ! sea-triton z he is pa9t$ support$ swimm+ on sea-mon/]s ^: bodies are p>tly human8 ,"h ,i t\* on a difficult po9t2 = s great is ! =ce ( nature t !re is no man :o w\ld n *oose to be l a man1 nor1 inde$1 any ant t w\ld n be l an ant4 ,b l :at man8 ,= h[ few c pret5d to beauty6 ,:5 ,i 0 at ,a!ns1 ! :ole flock ( y\?s af=d$ sc>cely "o4 ,y laugh1 ,i see2 b :at ,i tell y is ! tru?4 ,nay1 to u :o1 aft] ! examples ( anci5t philosoph]s1 delight 9 boys1 defects are (t5 pleas+4 ,alcu 0 *>m$ ) a w>t on a boy's knuckle2 b a w>t is a blemi% on ! body2 yet x seem$ a beauty to him4 ,q4 ,catulus1 my fri5d & colleague's fa!r1 0 enamor$ ) y\r fell[-citiz5 ,roscius1 on :om he wrote ^! v]ses3 ,z once ,i /ood to hail ! ris+ day1 ,roscius appe>+ on ! left ,i spi$3 ,=give me1 ,gods1 if ,i presume to say ,! mortal's beauty ) ?' immortal vi$4 ,roscius m beautiful ?an a ,god6 yet he 0 !n1 z he n[ is1 squ9t-ey$4 ,b :at signifies t1 if 8 defects 7 beauties to ,catulus8 ,,xxix4 ,i return to ! ,gods4 ,c we suppose any ( !m to be squ9t-ey$1 or ev5 to h a ca/ 9 ! eye8 ,h !y any w>ts8 ,are any ( !m hook-nos$1 flap-e>$1 beetle-br[$1 or jolt-head$1 z "s ( u are8 ,or are !y free f imp]fections8 ,let u grant y t4 ,are !y all alike 9 ! face8 ,= if !y are _m1 !n "o mu/ necess>ily be m beautiful ?an ano!r1 & !n !re mu/ be "s ,deity n absolutely mo/ beautiful4 ,or if _! faces are all alike1 !re w\ld be an ,academy#ij 9 heav52 = if "o ,god does n diff] f ano!r1 !re is no possibility ( kn[+ or di/+ui%+ !m4 ,:at if y\r ass]tion1 ,velleius1 proves absolutely false1 t no =m occurs to u1 9 our contemplations on ! ,deity1 b ! human8 ,w y1 not)/&+ t1 p]si/ 9 ! def5ce ( su* an absurdity8 ,suppos+ t =m occurs to u1 z y say x does1 & we "k ,jupit]1 ,juno1 ,m9]va1 ,neptune1 ,vulcan1 ,apollo1 & ! o!r ,deities1 by ! c\nt5ance :i* pa9t]s & /atu>ies h giv5 !m1 & n only by _! c\nt5ances1 b by _! decorations1 _! age1 & attire2 yet ! ,egyptians1 ! ,syrians1 & almo/ all b>b>\s nations1#ia are )\t su* di/9ctions4 ,y may see a great] reg>d paid by !m to c]ta9 bea/s ?an by u to ! mo/ sacr$ temples & images ( ! ,gods2 = _m %r9es h be5 rifl$1 & images ( ! ,deities h be5 c>ri$ f _! mo/ sacr$ places by u2 b we nev] he>d t an ,egyptian (f]$ any viol5ce to a crocodile1 an ibis1 or a cat4 ,:at d y ?9k1 !n8 ,d n ! ,egyptians e/eem _! sacr$ bull1 _! ,apis1 z a ,deity8 ,yes1 by ,h]cules6 z c]ta9ly z y d our protectress ,juno1 :om y nev] behold1 ev5 9 y\r dreams1 )\t a goat-sk91 a spe>1 a %ield1 & broad s&als4 ,b ! ,grecian ,juno ( ,argos & ! ,roman ,juno are n repres5t$ 9 ?is mann]2 s t ! ,grecians1 ! ,lanuv9ians1 & we1 ascribe diff]5t =ms to ,juno2 & our ,capitol9e ,jupit] is n ! same ) ! ,jupit] ,ammon ( ! ,africans4 ,,xxx4 ,!re=e1 ought n a natural philosoph]--t is1 an inquir] into ! secrets ( nature--to be a%am$ ( seek+ a te/imony to tru? f m9ds prepossess$ by cu/om8 ,accord+ to ! rule y h laid d[n1 x may be said t ,jupit] is always be>d$1 ,apollo always be>dless2 t ,m9]va has gray & ,neptune azure eyes2 &1 inde$1 we mu/ !n honor t ,vulcan at ,a!ns1 made by ,alcam5es1 ^: lam5ess ?r\gh 8 ?9 robes appe>s to be no de=mity4 ,%all we1 !re=e1 receive a lame ,deity because we h su* an acc\nt ( him8 ,consid]1 likewise1 t ! ,gods g by :at names we give !m4 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place1 !y h z _m names z m5 h languages2 = ,vulcan is n call$ ,vulcan 9 ,italy1 ,africa1 or ,spa91 z y are call$ ,velleius 9 all c\ntries4 ,besides1 ! ,gods are innum]able1 ?\gh ! li/ ( _! names is ( no great l5g? ev5 9 ! records ( our prie/s4 ,h !y no names8 ,y mu/ necess>ily confess1 inde$1 !y h none2 = :at occasion is !re = diff]5t names if _! p]sons are alike8 ,h[ mu* m laudable w\ld x be1 ,velleius1 to ackn[l$ge t y d n "k :at y d n "k ?an to foll[ a man :om y mu/ despise6 ,d y ?9k ! ,deity is l ei!r me or y8 ,y d n really ?9k he is l ei!r ( u4 ,:at is to be done1 !n8 ,%all ,i call ! sun1 ! moon1 or ! sky a ,deity8 ,if s1 !y are consequ5tly happy4 ,b :at pleasures c !y enjoy8 ,& !y are wise too4 ,b h[ c wisdom reside 9 su* %apes8 ,^! are y\r own pr9ciples4 ,!re=e1 if !y are n ( human =m1 z ,i h prov$1 & if y _c p]suade y\rself t !y are ( any o!r1 :y are y cauti\s ( d5y+ absolutely ! be+ ( any ,gods8 ,y d>e n d5y x--:i* is v prud5t 9 y1 ?\gh "h y are n afraid ( ! p1 b ( ! ,gods !mselves4 ,i h kn[n ,epicureans :o rev]5ce#ib ev5 ! lea/ images ( ! ,gods1 ?\gh ,i p]ceive x to be ! op9ion ( "s t ,epicurus1 ?r\gh fe> ( (f5d+ aga9/ ! ,a!nian laws1 has all[$ a ,deity 9 words & de/roy$ him 9 fact2 s 9 ^? 8 select & %ort s5t5ces1 :i* are call$ by y ,greek3 kyriai doxai1#ic ?is1 ,i ?9k1 is ! fir/3 ,t be+ :i* is happy & immortal is n burd5$ ) any labor1 & does n impose any on any "o else4 ,,xxxi4 ,9 8 /atem5t ( ?is s5t5ce1 "s ?9k t he avoid$ speak+ cle>ly on purpose1 ?\gh x 0 manife/ly )\t design4 ,b !y judge ill ( a man :o _h n ! lea/ art4 ,x is d\btful :e!r he means t !re is any be+ happy & immortal1 or t if !re is any be+ happy1 he mu/ likewise be immortal4 ,!y d n consid] t he speaks "h1 inde$1 ambigu\sly2 b 9 _m o!r places bo? he & ,metrodorus expla9 !mselves z cle>ly z y h done4 ,b he believ$ !re are ,gods2 nor h ,i ev] se5 any "o :o 0 m exce$+ly afraid ( :at he decl>$ ought to be no objects ( fe>1 namely1 dea? & ! ,gods1 ) ! appreh5sions ( :i* ! common rank ( p are v little affect$2 b he says t ! m9ds ( all mortals are t]rifi$ by !m4 ,_m ?\s&s ( m5 commit robb]ies 9 ! face ( dea?2 o!rs rifle all ! temples !y c get into3 su* z ^!1 no d\bt1 mu/ be greatly t]rifi$1 ! "o by ! fe>s ( dea?1 & ! o!rs by ! fe> ( ! ,gods4 ,b s9ce y d>e n 7= ,i am n[ address+ my disc\rse to ,epicurus himself7 absolutely d5y ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods1 :at h9d]s y f ascrib+ a div9e nature to ! sun1 ! _w1 or "s et]nal m9d8 ,i nev]1 says he1 saw wisdom & a rational s\l 9 any b a human =m4 ,:at6 did y ev] obs]ve any?+ l ! sun1 ! moon1 or ! five mov+ planets8 ,! sun1 t]m9at+ 8 c\rse 9 two extreme p>ts ( "o circle1#id f9i%es 8 annual revolutions4 ,! moon1 receiv+ h] light f ! sun1 completes ! same c\rse 9 ! space ( a mon?4#ie ,! five planets 9 ! same circle1 "s ne>]1 o!rs m remote f ! e>?1 beg9 ! same c\rses toge!r1 & f9i% !m 9 diff]5t spaces ( "t4 ,did y ev] obs]ve any?+ l ?is1 ,epicurus8 ,s t1 accord+ to y1 !re c be nei!r sun1 moon1 nor />s1 because no?+ c exi/ b :at we h t\*$ or se54#if ,:at6 h y ev] se5 ! ,deity himself8 ,:y else d y believe !re is any8 ,if ?is doctr9e prevails1 we mu/ reject all t hi/ory relates or reason discov]s2 & ! p :o inhabit inl& c\ntries mu/ n believe !re is su* a ?+ z ! sea4 ,?is is s n>r[ a way ( ?9k+ t if y _h be5 born 9 ,s]iphus1 & nev] _h be5 f out ( t isl&1 :]e y _h frequ5tly be5 9 ! habit ( see+ little h>es & foxes1 y w\ld n1 !re=e1 believe t !re are su* bea/s z lions & pan!rs2 & if any "o %\ld describe an elephant to y1 y w\ld ?9k t he design$ to laugh at y4 ,,xxxii4 ,y inde$1 ,velleius1 h conclud$ y\r argum5t1 n aft] ! mann] ( y\r own sect1 b ( ! logicians1 to :i* y\r p are utt] /rang]s4 ,y h tak5 x = grant$ t ! ,gods are happy4 ,i all[ x4 ,y say t )\t virtue no "o c be happy4 ,i will+ly concur ) y 9 ?is also4 ,y likewise say t virtue _c reside :]e reason is n4 ,t ,i mu/ necess>ily all[4 ,y add1 moreov]1 t reason _c exi/ b 9 a human =m4 ,:o1 d y ?9k1 w admit t8 ,if x 7 true1 :at occasion 0 !re to come s gradually to x8 ,& to :at purpose8 ,y might h answ]$ x on y\r own au?ority4 ,i p]ceive y\r gradations f happ9ess to virtue1 & f virtue to reason2 b h[ d y come f reason to human =m8 ,!re1 inde$1 y d n desc5d by degrees1 b precipitately4 ,nor c ,i conceive :y ,epicurus %\ld r say ! ,gods are l m5 ?an t m5 are l ! ,gods4 ,y ask :at is ! diff]5ce2 =1 say y1 if ?is is l t1 t is l ?is4 ,i grant x2 b ?is ,i ass]t1 t ! ,gods c\ld n take _! =m f m52 = ! ,gods always exi/$1 & nev] _h a beg9n+1 if !y are to exi/ et]nally2 b m5 _h a beg9n+3 !re=e t =m1 ( :i* ! immortal ,gods are1 mu/ h _h exi/5ce be=e mank9d2 consequ5tly1 ! ,gods %\ld n be said to be ( human =m1 b our =m %\ld be call$ div9e4 ,h[ev]1 let ?is be z y w4 ,i n[ inquire h[ ?is extraord9>y good =tune came ab\t2 = y d5y t reason _h any %>e 9 ! =mation ( ?+s4 ,b /ill1 :at 0 ?is extraord9>y =tune8 ,:5ce proce$$ t happy conc\rse ( atoms :i* gave s sudd5 a rise to m5 9 ! =m ( ,gods8 ,are we to suppose ! div9e se$ fell f heav5 ^u e>?1 & t m5 sprung up 9 ! lik5ess ( _! cele/ial sires8 ,i wi% y w\ld ass]t x2 = ,i %\ld n be unwill+ to ackn[l$ge my relation to ! ,gods4 ,b y say no?+ l x2 no1 our resemblance to ! ,gods1 x seems1 0 by *ance4 ,mu/ ,i n[ seek = argum5ts to refute ?is doctr9e s]i\sly8 ,i wi% ,i c\ld z easily discov] :at is true z ,i c ov]?r[ :at is false4 ,,xxxiii4 ,y h enum]at$ ) s ready a memory1 & s copi\sly1 ! op9ions ( philosoph]s1 f ,?ales ! ,milesian1 conc]n+ ! nature ( ! ,gods1 t ,i am surpris$ to see s mu* le>n+ 9 a ,roman4 ,b d y ?9k !y 7 all madm5 :o ?\ght t a ,deity c\ld by "s possibility exi/ )\t h&s & feet8 ,does n ev5 ?is consid]ation h weight ) y :5 y consid] :at is ! use & advantage ( limbs 9 m51 & lead y to admit t ! ,gods h no ne$ ( !m8 ,:at necessity c !re be ( feet1 )\t walk+2 or ( h&s1 if !re is no?+ to be grasp$8 ,! same may be ask$ ( ! o!r p>ts ( ! body1 9 :i* no?+ is va91 no?+ useless1 no?+ sup]flu\s2 !re=e we may inf] t no art c imitate ! skill ( nature4 ,%all ! ,deity1 !n1 h a tongue1 & n speak--tee?1 palate1 & jaws1 ?\gh he w h no use = !m8 ,%all ! memb]s :i* nature has giv5 to ! body = ! sake ( g5]ation be useless to ! ,deity8 ,nor w\ld ! int]nal p>ts be less sup]flu\s ?an ! ext]nal4 ,:at comel9ess is !re 9 ! he>t1 ! lungs1 ! liv]1 & ! re/ ( !m1 ab/ract$ f _! use8 ,i m5tion ^! because y place !m 9 ! ,deity on acc\nt ( ! beauty ( ! human =m4 ,dep5d+ on ^! dreams1 n only ,epicurus1 ,metrodorus1 & ,h]ma*us declaim$ aga9/ ,py?agoras1 ,plato1 & ,emp$ocles1 b t little h>lot ,leontium presum$ to write aga9/ ,!ophra/us3 inde$1 %e _h a neat ,attic /yle2 b yet1 to ?9k ( h] argu+ aga9/ ,!ophra/us6 ,s mu* did ! g>d5 ( ,epicurus#ig ab\nd ) ^! lib]ties1 &1 inde$1 y are always compla9+ aga9/ !m4 ,z5o wrangl$4 ,:y ne$ ,i m5tion ,albutius8 ,no?+ c\ld be m elegant or humane ?an ,phdrus2 yet a %>p expression w\ld disgu/ ! old man4 ,epicurus treat$ ,ari/otle ) great contumely4 ,he f\lly sl&]$ ,phd1 ! disciple ( ,socrates4 ,he pelt$ ,timocrates1 ! bro!r ( 8 companion ,metrodorus1 ) :ole volumes1 because he disagre$ ) him 9 "s trifl+ po9t ( philosophy4 ,he 0 ungrateful ev5 to ,democritus1 ^: foll[] he 02 & 8 ma/] ,nausiphanes1 f :om he le>n$ no?+1 _h no bett] treatm5t f him4 ,,xxxiv4 ,z5o gave abusive language n only to ^? :o 7 !n liv+1 z ,apollodorus1 ,syllus1 & ! re/1 b he call$ ,socrates1 :o 0 ! fa!r ( philosophy1 ! ,attic buffoon1 us+ ! ,lat9 ^w ,scurra4 ,he nev] call$ ,*rysippus by any "n b ,*esippus4 ,& y y\rself a little be=e1 :5 y 7 numb]+ up a s5ate1 z we may call !m1 ( philosoph]s1 scrupl$ n to say t ! mo/ em95t m5 talk$ l fooli%1 vision>y dot>ds4 ,c]ta9ly1 !re=e1 if !y h all err$ 9 reg>d to ! nature ( ! ,gods1 x is to be fe>$ !re are no su* be+s4 ,:at y deliv] on t head are all :imsical notions1 & n wor?y ! consid]ation ev5 ( old wom54 ,= y d n seem to be 9 ! lea/ aw>e :at a task y draw on y\rselves1 if y %\ld prevail on u to grant t ! same =m is common to ,gods & m54 ,! ,deity w\ld !n require ! same tr\ble 9 dress+1 & ! same c>e ( ! body1 t mank9d does4 ,he mu/ walk1 run1 lie d[n1 lean1 sit1 hold1 speak1 & disc\rse4 ,y ne$ n be told ! consequ5ce ( mak+ ! ,gods male & female4 ,!re=e ,i _c suffici5tly wond] h[ ?is *ief ( y\rs came to ent]ta9 ^! /range op9ions4 ,b y con/antly insi/ on ! c]ta9ty ( ?is t5et1 t ! ,deity is bo? happy & immortal4 ,suppos+ he is s1 w\ld 8 happ9ess be less p]fect if he _h n two feet8 ,or _c t bless$ness or beatitude--call x :i* y w 7!y are bo? h>% t]ms1 b we mu/ mollify !m by use7--c x n1 ,i say1 exi/ 9 t sun1 or 9 ?is _w1 or 9 "s et]nal m9d t has n human %ape or limbs8 ,all y say aga9/ x is1 t y nev] saw any happ9ess 9 ! sun or ! _w4 ,:at1 !n8 ,did y ev] see any _w b ?is8 ,no1 y w say4 ,:y1 !re=e1 d y presume to ass]t t !re are n only six hundr$ ?\s& worlds1 b t !y are innum]able8 ,reason tells y s4 ,w n reason tell y likewise t z1 9 our inquiries into ! mo/ excell5t nature1 we f9d none b ! div9e nature c be happy & et]nal1 s ! same div9e nature surpasses u 9 excell5ce ( m9d2 & z 9 m9d1 s 9 body8 ,:y1 !re=e1 z we are inf]ior 9 all o!r respects1 %\ld we be equal 9 =m8 ,= human virtue approa*es ne>] to ! div9ity ?an human =m4 ,,xxxv4 ,to return to ! subject ,i 0 ^u4 ,:at c be m *ildi% ?an to ass]t t !re are no su* creatures z are g5]at$ 9 ! ,r$ ,sea or 9 ,india8 ,! mo/ curi\s inquir] _c arrive at ! k ( all ^? creatures :i* inhabit ! e>?1 sea1 f5s1 & riv]s2 & %all we d5y ! exi/5ce ( !m because we nev] saw !m8 ,t similitude :i* y are s v fond ( is no?+ to ! purpose4 ,is n a dog l a wolf8 ,&1 z ,ennius says1 ,! monkey1 fil?ie/ bea/1 h[ l to man6 ,yet !y diff] 9 nature4 ,no bea/ has m sagacity ?an an elephant2 yet :]e c y f9d any ( a l>g] size8 ,i am speak+ "h ( bea/s4 ,b among m51 d we n see a disp>ity ( mann]s 9 p]sons v mu* alike1 & a similitude ( mann]s 9 p]sons unlike8 ,if ?is sort ( argum5t 7 once to prevail1 ,velleius1 obs]ve :at x w\ld lead to4 ,y h laid x d[n z c]ta9 t reason _c possibly reside 9 any b ! human =m4 ,ano!r may affirm t x c exi/ 9 none b a t]re/rial be+2 9 none b a be+ t is born1 t gr[s up1 & receives in/ruction1 & t consi/s ( a s\l1 & an infirm & p]i%able body2 9 %ort1 9 none b a mortal man4 ,b if y decl9e ^? op9ions1 :y %\ld a s+le =m di/urb y8 ,y p]ceive t man is possess$ ( reason & und]/&+1 ) all ! infirmities :i* ,i h m5tion$ int]wov5 ) 8 be+2 ab/ract$ f :i*1 y nev]!less "k ,god1 y say1 if ! l9eam5ts d b rema94 ,?is is n talk+ consid]ately1 b at a v5ture2 = surely y did n ?9k :at an encumbrance any?+ sup]flu\s or useless is1 n only 9 a man1 b a tree4 ,h[ tr\blesome x is to h a f+] too mu*6 ,& :y s8 ,because nei!r use nor ornam5t requires m ?an five2 b y\r ,deity has n only a f+] m ?an he wants1 b a head1 a neck1 %\ld]s1 sides1 a paun*1 back1 hams1 h&s1 feet1 ?ighs1 & legs4 ,are ^! p>ts necess>y to immortality8 ,are !y conducive to ! exi/5ce ( ! ,deity8 ,is ! face itself ( use8 ,"o w\ld r say s ( ! bra91 ! he>t1 ! lights1 & ! liv]2 = ^! are ! seats ( life4 ,! features ( ! face contribute no?+ to ! pres]vation ( x4 ,,xxxvi4 ,y c5sur$ ^? :o1 behold+ ^? excell5t & /up5d\s works1 ! _w1 & its respective p>ts--! heav51 ! e>?1 ! seas--& ! spl5dor ) :i* !y are adorn$2 :o1 contemplat+ ! sun1 moon1 & />s2 & :o1 obs]v+ ! maturity & *anges ( ! seasons1 & vicissitudes ( times1 inf]r$ f !nce t !re mu/ be "s excell5t & em95t ess5ce t orig9ally made1 & /ill moves1 directs1 & gov]ns !m4 ,suppose !y %\ld mi/ake 9 _! conjecture1 yet ,i see :at !y aim at4 ,b :at is t great & noble "w :i* appe>s to y to be ! effect ( a div9e m9d1 & f :i* y conclude t !re are ,gods8 ,i h1 say y1 a c]ta9 in=mation ( a ,deity impr9t$ 9 my m9d4 ,( a be>d$ ,jupit]1 ,i suppose1 & a helmet$ ,m9]va4 ,b d y really imag9e !m to be su*8 ,h[ mu* bett] are ! notions ( ! ignorant vulg>1 :o n only believe ! ,deities h memb]s l ours1 b t !y make use ( !m2 & !re=e !y assign !m a b[ & arr[s1 a spe>1 a %ield1 a trid5t1 & lightn+2 & ?\gh !y d n behold ! actions ( ! ,gods1 yet !y _c ent]ta9 a ?\ght ( a ,deity do+ no?+4 ,! ,egyptians 7s mu* ridicul$7 held no bea/s to be sacr$1 except on acc\nt ( "s advantage :i* !y _h receiv$ f !m4 ,! ibis1 a v l>ge bird1 ) /rong legs & a horny long beak1 de/roys a great numb] ( s]p5ts4 ,^! birds keep ,egypt f pe/il5tial diseases by kill+ & dev\r+ ! fly+ s]p5ts br\ght f ! des]ts ( ,lybia by ! s\?-we/ w9d1 :i* prev5ts ! mis*ief t may att5d _! bit+ :ile alive1 or any infection :5 dead4 ,i c\ld speak ( ! advantage ( ! i*neumon1 ! crocodile1 & ! cat2 b ,i am unwill+ to be t$i\s2 yet ,i w conclude ) obs]v+ t ! b>b>ians paid div9e honors to bea/s because ( ! b5efits !y receiv$ f !m2 :]eas y\r ,gods n only conf] no b5efit1 b are idle1 & d no s+le act ( any description :atev]4 ,,xxxvii4 ,!y h no?+ to d1 y\r tea*] says4 ,epicurus truly1 l indol5t boys1 ?9ks no?+ pref]able to idl5ess2 yet ^? v boys1 :5 !y h a holiday1 ent]ta9 !mselves 9 "s sportive ex]cise4 ,b we are to suppose ! ,deity 9 su* an inactive /ate t if he %\ld move we may ju/ly fe> he w\ld be no long] happy4 ,?is doctr9e dive/s ! ,gods ( motion & op]ation2 besides1 x enc\rages m5 to be lazy1 z !y are by ?is taught to believe t ! lea/ labor is incompatible ev5 ) div9e felicity4 ,b let x be z y w\ld h x1 t ! ,deity is 9 ! =m & image ( a man4 ,:]e is 8 abode8 ,:]e is 8 habitation8 ,:]e is ! place :]e he is to be f\nd8 ,:at is 8 c\rse ( life8 ,& :at is x t con/itutes ! happ9ess :i* y ass]t t he enjoys8 ,= x seems necess>y t a be+ :o is to be happy mu/ use & enjoy :at belongs to him4 ,& ) reg>d to place1 ev5 ^? natures :i* are inanimate h ea* _! prop] /ations assign$ to !m3 s t ! e>? is ! l[e/2 !n wat] is next above ! e>?2 ! air is above ! wat]2 & fire has ! highe/ situation ( all allott$ to x4 ,"s creatures inhabit ! e>?1 "s ! wat]1 & "s1 ( an amphibi\s nature1 live 9 bo?4 ,!re are "s1 also1 :i* are ?\ght to be born 9 fire1 & :i* (t5 appe> flutt]+ 9 burn+ furnaces4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re=e1 ,i ask y1 ,:]e is ! habitation ( y\r ,deity8 ,secondly1 ,:at motive is x t /irs him f 8 place1 suppos+ he ev] moves8 ,&1 la/ly1 s9ce x is peculi> to animat$ be+s to h an incl9ation to some?+ t is agreeable to _! sev]al natures1 :at is x t ! ,deity affects1 & to :at purpose does he ex]t ! motion ( 8 m9d & reason8 ,9 %ort1 h[ is he happy8 h[ et]nal8 ,:i*ev] ( ^! po9ts y t\* ^u1 ,i am afraid y w come lamely (f4 ,= !re is nev] a prop] end to reason+ :i* proce$s on a false f\ndation2 = y ass]t$ likewise t ! =m ( ! ,deity is p]ceptible by ! m9d1 b n by s5se2 t x is nei!r solid1 nor inv>iable 9 numb]2 t x is to be disc]n$ by similitude & transition1 & t a con/ant supply ( images is p]petually fl[+ on f innum]able atoms1 on :i* our m9ds are int5t2 s t we f t conclude t div9e nature to be happy & ev]la/+4 ,,xxxviii4 ,:at1 9 ! "n ( ^? ,deities conc]n+ :om we are n[ disput+1 is ! mean+ ( all ?is8 ,= if !y exi/ only 9 ?\ght1 & h no solidity nor sub/ance1 :at diff]5ce c !re be betwe5 ?9k+ ( a ,hippoc5taur & ?9k+ ( a ,deity8 ,o!r philosoph]s call e su* con=mation ( ! m9d a va9 motion2 b y t]m x ! approa* & entrance ( images into ! m9d4 ,?us1 :5 ,i imag9e t ,i behold ,t4 ,grac*us h>angu+ ! p 9 ! ,capitol1 & collect+ _! suffrages conc]n+ ,m4 ,octavius1 ,i call t a va9 motion ( ! m9d3 b y affirm t ! images ( ,grac*us & ,octavius are pres5t1 :i* are only convey$ to my m9d :5 !y h arriv$ at ! ,capitol4 ,! case is ! same1 y say1 9 reg>d to ! ,deity1 ) ! frequ5t repres5tation ( :i* ! m9d is s affect$ t f !nce x may be cle>ly und]/ood t ! ,gods#ih are happy & et]nal4 ,let x be grant$ t !re are images by :i* ! m9d is affect$1 yet x is only a c]ta9 =m t occurs2 & :y mu/ t =m be pron\nc$ happy8 :y et]nal8 ,b :at are ^? images y talk (1 or :5ce d !y proce$8 ,?is loose mann] ( argu+ is tak5 f ,democritus2 b he is reprov$ by _m p = x2 nor c y d]ive any conclusions f x3 ! :ole sy/em is weak & imp]fect4 ,= :at c be m improbable ?an t ! images ( ,hom]1 ,ar*ilo*us1 ,romulus1 ,numa1 ,py?agoras1 & ,plato %\ld come into my m9d1 & yet n 9 ! =m 9 :i* !y exi/$8 ,h[1 !re=e1 c !y be ^? p]sons8 ,& ^: images are !y8 ,ari/otle tells u t !re nev] 0 su* a p]son z ,orpheus ! poet2#ii & x is said t ! v]se call$ ,orphic v]se 0 ! inv5tion ( ,c]cops1 a ,py?agorean2 yet ,orpheus1 t is to say1 ! image ( him1 z y w h x1 (t5 runs 9 my head4 ,:at is ! reason t ,i ent]ta9 "o idea ( ! figure ( ! same p]son1 & y ano!r8 ,:y d we image to ourselves su* ?+s z nev] _h any exi/5ce1 & :i* nev] c h1 su* z ,scyllas & ,*imras8 ,:y d we frame ideas ( m51 c\ntries1 & cities :i* we nev] saw8 ,h[ is x t ! v fir/ mom5t t ,i *oose ,i c =m repres5tations ( !m 9 my m9d8 ,h[ is x t !y come to me1 ev5 9 my sleep1 )\t be+ call$ or s\ght aft]8 ,,xxxix4 ,! :ole affair1 ,velleius1 is ridicul\s4 ,y d n impose images on our eyes only1 b on our m9ds4 ,su* is ! privilege :i* y h assum$ ( talk+ nons5se ) impunity4 ,b !re is1 y say1 a transition ( images fl[+ on 9 great cr[ds 9 su* a way t out ( _m "s "o at lea/ mu/ be p]ceiv$6 ,i %\ld be a%am$ ( my incapacity to und]/& ?is if y1 :o ass]t x1 c\ld compreh5d x y\rselves2 = h[ d y prove t ^! images are cont9u$ 9 un9t]rupt$ motion8 ,or1 if un9t]rupt$1 /ill h[ d y prove !m to be et]nal8 ,!re is a con/ant supply1 y say1 ( innum]able atoms4 ,b mu/ !y1 = t reason1 be all et]nal8 ,to elude ?is1 y h rec\rse to equilibration 7= s1 ) y\r leave1 ,i w call y\r ,greek3 ,isonomia71#ajj & say t z !re is a sort ( nature mortal1 s !re mu/ also be a sort :i* is immortal4 ,by ! same rule1 z !re are m5 mortal1 !re are m5 immortal2 & z "s arise f ! e>?1 "s mu/ arise f ! wat] also2 & z !re are causes :i* de/roy1 !re mu/ likewise be causes :i* pres]ve4 ,be x z y say2 b let ^? causes pres]ve :i* h exi/5ce !mselves4 ,i _c conceive ^! y\r ,gods to h any4 ,b h[ does all ?is face ( ?+s arise f atomic corpuscles8 ,7 !re any su* atoms 7z !re are n71 !y might p]haps impel "o ano!r1 & be jumbl$ toge!r 9 _! motion2 b !y c\ld nev] be able to imp>t =m1 or figure1 or color1 or animation1 s t y by no means demon/rate ! immortality ( y\r ,deity4 ,,xl4 ,let u n[ inquire into 8 happ9ess4 ,x is c]ta9 t )\t virtue !re c be no happ9ess2 b virtue consi/s 9 action3 n[ y\r ,deity does no?+2 !re=e he is void ( virtue1 & consequ5tly _c be happy4 ,:at sort ( life does he lead8 ,he has a con/ant supply1 y say1 ( good ?+s1 )\t any int]mixture ( bad4 ,:at are ^? good ?+s8 ,s5sual pleasures1 no d\bt2 = y "k no delight ( ! m9d b :at arises f ! body1 & returns to x4 ,i d n suppose1 ,velleius1 t y are l "s ( ! ,epicureans1 :o are a%am$ ( ^? expressions ( ,epicurus1#aja 9 :i* he op5ly av[s t he has no idea ( any good sep>ate f wanton & obsc5e pleasures1 :i*1 )\t a blu%1 he names di/9ctly4 ,:at food1 !re=e1 :at dr9k1 :at v>iety ( music or fl[]s1 :at k9d ( pleasures ( t\*1 :at odors1 w y (f] to ! ,gods to fill !m ) pleasures8 ,! poets inde$ provide !m ) banquets ( nect> & ambrosia1 & a ,hebe or a ,ganym$e to s]ve up ! cup4 ,b :at is x1 ,epicurus1 t y d = !m8 ,= ,i d n see f :5ce y\r ,deity %\ld h ^? ?+s1 nor h[ he c\ld use !m4 ,!re=e ! nature ( man is bett] con/itut$ = a happy life ?an ! nature ( ! ,gods1 because m5 enjoy v>i\s k9ds ( pleasures2 b y look on all ^? pleasures z sup]ficial :i* delight ! s5ses only by a titillation1 z ,epicurus calls x4 ,:]e is to be ! end ( ?is trifl+8 ,ev5 ,philo1 :o foll[$ ! ,academy1 c\ld n be> to he> ! s(t & lusci\s delights ( ! ,epicureans despis$2 = ) 8 admirable memory he p]fectly rememb]$ & us$ to repeat _m s5t5ces ( ,epicurus 9 ! v words 9 :i* !y 7 writt54 ,he likewise us$ to quote _m1 :i* 7 m gross1 f ,metrodorus1 ! sage colleague ( ,epicurus1 :o blam$ 8 bro!r ,timocrates because he w\ld n all[ t ev]y?+ :i* _h any ref]5ce to a happy life 0 to be measur$ by ! belly2 nor has he said ?is once only1 b (t54 ,y grant :at ,i say1 ,i p]ceive2 = y "k x to be true4 ,i c produce ! books1 if y %\ld d5y x2 b ,i am n n[ reprov+ y = ref]r+ all ?+s to ! /&>d ( pleasure3 t is ano!r "q4 ,:at ,i am n[ %[+ is1 t y\r ,gods are de/itute ( pleasure2 & !re=e1 accord+ to y\r own mann] ( reason+1 !y are n happy4 ,,xli4 ,b !y are free f pa94 ,is t suffici5t = be+s :o are suppos$ to enjoy all good ?+s & ! mo/ supreme felicity8 ,! ,deity1 !y say1 is con/antly m$itat+ on 8 own happ9ess1 = he has no o!r idea :i* c possibly occupy 8 m9d4 ,consid] a little2 reflect :at a figure ! ,deity w\ld make if he 7 to be idly ?9k+ ( no?+ ?r\gh all et]nity b ,x is v well ) me1 & ,i am happy2 nor d ,i see :y ?is happy ,deity %\ld n fe> be+ de/roy$1 s9ce1 )\t any int]mission1 he is driv5 & agitat$ by an ev]la/+ incursion ( atoms1 & s9ce images are con/antly float+ (f f him4 ,y\r ,deity1 !re=e1 is nei!r happy nor et]nal4 ,epicurus1 x seems1 has writt5 books conc]n+ sanctity & piety t[>ds ! ,gods4 ,b h[ does he speak on ^! subjects8 ,y w\ld say t y 7 li/5+ to ,coruncanius or ,scvola1 ! high-prie/s1 & n to a man :o tore up all religion by ! roots1 & :o ov]?rew ! temples & alt>s ( ! immortal ,gods2 n1 inde$1 ) h&s1 l ,x]xes1 b ) argum5ts2 = :at reason is !re = y\r say+ t m5 ought to wor%ip ! ,gods1 :5 ! ,gods n only d n reg>d m51 b are entirely c>eless ( ev]y?+1 & absolutely d no?+ at all8 ,b !y are1 y say1 ( s glori\s & excell5t a nature t a wise man is induc$ by _! excell5ce to adore !m4 ,c !re be any glory or excell5ce 9 t nature :i* only contemplates its own happ9ess1 & nei!r w d1 nor does1 nor ev] did any?+8 ,besides1 :at piety is due to a be+ f :om y receive no?+8 ,or h[ c y1 or any "o else1 be indebt$ to him :o be/[s no b5efits8 ,= piety is only ju/ice t[>ds ! ,gods2 b :at "r h !y to x1 :5 !re is no communication :atev] betwe5 ! ,gods & m58 ,& sanctity is ! k ( h[ we ought to wor%ip !m2 b ,i d n und]/& :y !y are to be wor%ipp$1 if we are nei!r to receive nor expect any good f !m4 ,,xlii4 ,& :y %\ld we wor%ip !m f an admiration only ( t nature 9 :i* we c behold no?+ excell5t8 & z = t fre$om f sup]/ition1 :i* y are 9 ! habit ( boa/+ ( s mu*1 x is easy to be free f t feel+ :5 y h r5\nc$ all belief 9 ! p[] ( ! ,gods2 unless1 inde$1 y imag9e t ,diagoras or ,!odorus1 :o absolutely d5i$ ! be+ ( ! ,gods1 c\ld possibly be sup]/iti\s4 ,i d n suppose t ev5 ,protagoras c\ld1 :o d\bt$ :e!r !re 7 ,gods or n4 ,! op9ions ( ^! philosoph]s are n only de/ructive ( sup]/ition1 :i* arises f a va9 fe> ( ! ,gods1 b ( religion also1 :i* consi/s 9 a pi\s adoration ( !m4 ,:at ?9k y ( ^? :o h ass]t$ t ! :ole doctr9e conc]n+ ! immortal ,gods 0 ! inv5tion ( politicians1 ^: view 0 to gov]n t "p ( ! community by religion :i* reason c\ld n influ5ce8 ,are n _! op9ions subv]sive ( all religion8 ,or :at religion did ,prodicus ! ,*ian leave to m51 :o held t ev]y?+ b5eficial to human life %\ld be numb]$ among ! ,gods8 ,7 n !y likewise void ( religion :o taught t ! ,deities1 at pres5t ! object ( our pray]s & adoration1 7 valiant1 illu/ri\s1 & mighty m5 :o arose to div9ity aft] dea?8 ,euhem]us1 :om our ,ennius translat$1 & foll[$ m ?an o!r au?ors1 has p>ticul>ly advanc$ ?is doctr9e1 & treat$ ( ! dea?s & burials ( ! ,gods2 c he1 !n1 be said to h confirm$ religion1 or1 r1 to h totally subv]t$ x8 ,i %all say no?+ ( t sacr$ & augu/ ,eleus9a1 into ^: my/]ies ! mo/ di/ant nations 7 initiat$1 nor ( ! solemnities 9 ,samo?race1 or 9 ,lemnos1 secretly resort$ to by night1 & surr\nd$ by ?ick & %ady groves2 :i*1 if !y 7 prop]ly expla9$1 & r$uc$ to reasonable pr9ciples1 w\ld r expla9 ! nature ( ?+s ?an discov] ! k ( ! ,gods4 ,,xliii4 ,ev5 t great man ,democritus1 f ^: f\nta9s ,epicurus wat]$ 8 little g>d51 seems to me to be v inf]ior to 8 usual acut5ess :5 speak+ ab\t ! nature ( ! ,gods4 ,= at "o "t he ?9ks t !re are images end[$ ) div9ity1 inh]5t 9 ! univ]sality ( ?+s2 at ano!r1 t ! pr9ciples & m9ds conta9$ 9 ! univ]se are ,gods2 !n he attributes div9ity to animat$ images1 employ+ !mselves 9 do+ u good or h>m2 &1 la/ly1 he speaks ( c]ta9 images ( su* va/ ext5t t !y encompass ! :ole outside ( ! univ]se2 all :i* op9ions are m wor?y ( ! c\ntry#ajb ( ,democritus ?an ( ,democritus himself2 = :o c frame 9 8 m9d any ideas ( su* images8 :o c admire !m8 :o c ?9k !y m]it a religi\s adoration8 ,b ,epicurus1 :5 he dive/s ! ,gods ( ! p[] ( do+ good1 extirpates all religion f ! m9ds ( m52 = ?\gh he says ! div9e nature is ! be/ & ! mo/ excell5t ( all natures1 he w n all[ x to be susceptible ( any b5evol5ce1 by :i* he de/roys ! *ief & peculi> attribute ( ! mo/ p]fect be+4 ,= :at is bett] & m excell5t ?an goodness & b5efic5ce8 ,to refuse y\r ,gods t quality is to say t no man is any object ( _! favor1 & no ,gods ei!r2 t !y nei!r love nor e/eem any "o2 9 %ort1 t !y n only give !mselves no tr\ble ab\t u1 b ev5 look on ea* o!r ) ! greate/ indiff]5ce4 ,,xliv4 ,h[ mu* m reasonable is ! doctr9e ( ! ,/oics1 :om y c5sure8 ,x is "o ( _! maxims t ! wise are fri5ds to ! wise1 ?\gh unkn[n to ea* o!r2 = z no?+ is m amiable ?an virtue1 he :o possesses x is wor?y our love1 to :atev] c\ntry he belongs4 ,b :at evils d y\r pr9ciples br+1 :5 y make good actions & b5evol5ce ! m>ks ( imbecility6 ,=1 n to m5tion ! p[] & nature ( ! ,gods1 y hold t ev5 m51 if !y _h no ne$ ( mutual assi/ance1 w\ld be nei!r c\rte\s nor b5efic5t4 ,is !re no natural *>ity 9 ! dispositions ( good m58 ,! v "n ( love1 f :i* fri5d%ip is d]iv$1 is de> to m52#ajc & if fri5d%ip is to c5tre 9 our own advantage only1 )\t reg>d to him :om we e/eem a fri5d1 x _c be call$ fri5d%ip1 b a sort ( traffic = our own pr(it4 ,pa/ures1 l&s1 & h]ds ( cattle are valu$ 9 ! same mann] on acc\nt ( ! pr(it we ga!r f !m2 b *>ity & fri5d%ip expect no return4 ,h[ mu* m reason h we to ?9k t ! ,gods1 :o want no?+1 %\ld love ea* o!r1 & employ !mselves ab\t u6 ,if x 7 n s1 :y %\ld we pray to or adore !m8 ,:y d ! prie/s preside ov] ! alt>s1 & ! augurs ov] ! auspices8 ,:at h we to ask ( ! ,gods1 & :y d we pref] our v[s to !m8 ,b ,epicurus1 y say1 has writt5 a book conc]n+ sanctity4 ,a trifl+ p]=mance by a man ^: wit is n s rem>kable 9 x1 z ! unre/ra9$ lic5se ( writ+ :i* he has p]mitt$ himself2 = :at sanctity c !re be if ! ,gods take no c>e ( human affairs8 ,or h[ c t nature be call$ animat$ :i* nei!r reg>ds nor p]=ms any?+8 ,!re=e our fri5d ,posidonius has well obs]v$1 9 8 fif? book ( ! ,nature ( ! ,gods1 t ,epicurus believ$ !re 7 no ,gods1 & t :at he _h said ab\t ! immortal ,gods 0 only said f a desire to avoid unpopul>ity4 ,he c\ld n be s weak z to imag9e t ! ,deity has only ! outw>d features ( a simple mortal1 )\t any real solidity2 t he has all ! memb]s ( a man1 )\t ! lea/ p[] to use !m--a c]ta9 unsub/antial pellucid be+1 nei!r favorable nor b5eficial to any "o1 nei!r reg>d+ nor do+ any?+4 ,!re c be no su* be+ 9 nature2 & z ,epicurus said ?is pla9ly1 he all[s ! ,gods 9 words1 & de/roys !m 9 fact2 & if ! ,deity is truly su* a be+ t he %[s no favor1 no b5evol5ce to mank9d1 away ) him6 ,= :y %\ld ,i entreat him to be propiti\s8 ,he c be propiti\s to none1 s9ce1 z y say1 all 8 favor & b5evol5ce are ! effects ( imbecility4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,,ii4 ,i4 ,:5 ,cotta _h ?us conclud$1 ,velleius repli$3 ,i c]ta9ly 0 inconsid]ate to engage 9 argum5t ) an ,academician :o is likewise a rhetorician4 ,i %\ld n h fe>$ an ,academician )\t eloqu5ce1 nor a rhetorician )\t t philosophy1 h[ev] eloqu5t he might be2 = ,i am nev] puzzl$ by an empty fl[ ( words1 nor by ! mo/ subtle reason+s deliv]$ )\t any grace ( oratory4 ,b y1 ,cotta1 h excell$ 9 bo?4 ,y only want$ ! assembly & ! judges4 ,h[ev]1 en\gh ( ?is at pres5t4 ,n[1 let u he> :at ,lucilius has to say1 if x is agreeable to him4 ,i _h mu* r1 says ,balbus1 he> ,cotta resume 8 disc\rse1 & demon/rate ! true ,gods ) ! same eloqu5ce :i* he made use ( to explode ! false2 =1 on su* a subject1 ! loose1 unsettl$ doctr9e ( ! ,academy does n become a philosoph]1 a prie/1 a ,cotta1 ^: op9ions %\ld be1 l ^? we hold1 firm & c]ta94 ,epicurus has be5 m ?an suffici5tly refut$2 b ,i w\ld will+ly he> y\r own s5tim5ts1 ,cotta4 ,d y =get1 replies ,cotta1 :at ,i at fir/ said--t x is easi] = me1 especially on ?is po9t1 to expla9 :at op9ions ^? are :i* ,i d n hold1 r ?an :at ^? are :i* ,i d8 ,nay1 ev5 if ,i did feel "s c]ta9ty on any p>ticul> po9t1 yet1 aft] hav+ be5 s diffuse myself already1 ,i w\ld pref] n[ he>+ y speak 9 y\r turn4 ,i submit1 says ,balbus1 & w be z brief z ,i possibly c2 = z y h confut$ ! errors ( ,epicurus1 my "p 9 ! dispute w be ! %ort]4 ,our sect divide ! :ole "q conc]n+ ! immortal ,gods into f\r p>ts4 ,fir/1 !y prove t !re are ,gods2 secondly1 ( :at "* & nature !y are2 ?irdly1 t ! univ]se is gov]n$ by !m2 &1 la/ly1 t !y ex]cise a sup]9t5d5ce ov] human affairs4 ,b 9 ?is pres5t discussion let u conf9e ourselves to ! fir/ two articles1 & def] ! ?ird & f\r? till ano!r opportunity1 z !y require m "t to discuss4 ,by no means1 says ,cotta1 = we h "t en\gh on our h&s2 besides t1 we are n[ discuss+ a subject :i* %\ld be pref]r$ ev5 to s]i\s bus9ess4 ,,ii4 ,! fir/ po9t1 !n1 says ,lucilius1 ,i ?9k ne$s no disc\rse to prove x2 = :at c be s pla9 & evid5t1 :5 we behold ! heav5s & contemplate ! cele/ial bodies1 z ! exi/5ce ( "s supreme1 div9e intellig5ce1 by :i* all ^! ?+s are gov]n$8 ,7 x o!rwise1 ,ennius w\ld n1 ) a univ]sal approbation1 h said1 ,look up to ! refulg5t heav5 above1 ,:i* all m5 call1 unanim\sly1 ,jove4 ,?is is ,jupit]1 ! gov]nor ( ! _w1 :o rules all ?+s ) 8 nod1 & is1 z ! same ,ennius adds1 ----( ,gods & m5 ! sire1#ajd an omnipres5t & omnipot5t ,god4 ,& if any "o d\bts ?is1 ,i really d n und]/& :y ! same man may n also d\bt :e!r !re is a sun or n4 ,= :at c possibly be m evid5t ?an ?is8 ,& if x 7 n a tru? univ]sally impress$ on ! m9ds ( m51 ! belief 9 x w\ld nev] h be5 s firm2 nor w\ld x h be51 z x is1 increas$ by l5g? ( ye>s1 nor w\ld x h ga!r$ /r5g? & /ability ?r\gh e age4 ,&1 9 tru?1 we see t o!r op9ions1 be+ false & gr\ndless1 h already fall5 into oblivion by lapse ( "t4 ,:o n[ believes 9 ,hippoc5taurs & ,*imras8 ,or :at old woman is n[ to be f\nd s weak & ignorant z to /& 9 fe> ( ^? inf]nal mon/]s :i* once s t]rifi$ mank9d8 ,= "t de/roys ! fictions ( error & op9ion1 :ile x confirms ! det]m9ations ( nature & ( tru?4 ,& !re=e x is t1 bo? among u & among o!r nations1 sacr$ in/itutions & ! div9e wor%ip ( ! ,gods h be5 /r5g!n$ & improv$ f "t to "t4 ,& ?is is n to be imput$ to *ance or folly1 b to ! frequ5t appe>ance ( ! ,gods !mselves4 ,9 ! w> ) ! ,lat9s1 :5 ,a4 ,po/humius1 ! dictator1 attack$ ,octavius ,mamilius1 ! ,tusculan1 at ,regillus1 ,ca/or & ,pollux 7 se5 fight+ 9 our army on horseback2 & s9ce t ! same (fspr+ ( ,tynd>us gave notice ( ! defeat ( ,p]ses2 = z ,p4 ,vati5us1 ! gr&fa!r ( ! pres5t "y man ( t "n1 0 com+ 9 ! night to ,rome f 8 gov]nm5t ( ,reate1 two "y m5 on :ite horses appe>$ to him1 & told him t ,k+#aje ,p]ses 0 t day tak5 prison]4 ,?is news he c>ri$ to ! s5ate1 :o imm$iately ?rew him into prison = speak+ inconsid]ately on a /ate affair2 b :5 x 0 confirm$ by lett]s f ,paullus1 he 0 recomp5s$ by ! s5ate ) l& & immunities4#ajf ,nor d we =get :5 ! ,locrians defeat$ ! p ( ,crotone1 9 a great battle on ! banks ( ! riv] ,sagra1 t x 0 kn[n ! same day at ! ,olympic ,games4 ,! voices ( ! ,fauns h be5 (t5 he>d1 & ,deities h appe>$ 9 =ms s visible t !y h compell$ e "o :o is n s5seless1 or h>d5$ 9 impiety1 to confess ! pres5ce ( ! ,gods4 ,,iii4 ,:at d pr$ictions & =ekn[l$ge ( future ev5ts indicate1 b t su* future ev5ts are %[n1 po9t$ out1 port5d$1 & =etold to m58 ,f :5ce !y are call$ om5s1 signs1 port5ts1 prodigies4 ,b ?\gh we %\ld e/eem fabul\s :at is said ( ,mopsus1#ajg ,tiresias1#ajh ,amphi>aus1#aji ,cal*as1#aaj & ,hel5us#aaa 7:o w\ld n h be5 deliv]$ d[n to u z augurs ev5 9 fable if _! art _h be5 despis$71 may we n be suffici5tly appris$ ( ! p[] ( ! ,gods by dome/ic examples8 ,w n ! tem]ity ( ,p4 ,claudius1 9 ! fir/ ,punic w>1 affect u8 :o1 :5 ! p\ltry 7 let out ( ! coop & w\ld n fe$1 ord]$ !m to be ?r[n into ! wat]1 &1 jok+ ev5 ^u ! ,gods1 said1 ) a sne]1 ,let !m dr9k1 s9ce !y w n eat2 :i* piece ( ridicule1 be+ foll[$ by a victory ov] 8 fleet1 co/ him _m te>s1 & br\ght great calamity on ! ,roman p4 ,did n 8 colleague ,junius1 9 ! same w>1 lose 8 fleet 9 a tempe/ by disreg>d+ ! auspices8 ,claudius1 !re=e1 0 condemn$ by ! p1 & ,junius kill$ himself4 ,coelius says t ,p4 ,flam9ius1 f 8 neglect ( religion1 fell at ,?rasim5us2 a loss :i* ! public sev]ely felt4 ,by ^! in/ances ( calamity we may be assur$ t ,rome owes h] gr&eur & success to ! conduct ( ^? :o 7 t5aci\s ( _! religi\s duties2 & if we comp>e ourselves to our neighbors1 we %all f9d t we are inf9itely di/+ui%$ above =eign nations by our zeal = religi\s c]emonies1 ?\gh 9 o!r ?+s we may be only equal to !m1 & 9 o!r respects ev5 inf]ior to !m4 ,ought we to contemn ,attius ,navius's /aff1 ) :i* he divid$ ! regions ( ! v9e to f9d 8 s[8#aab ,i %\ld despise x1 if ,i 7 n aw>e t ,k+ ,ho/ilius _h c>ri$ on mo/ important w>s 9 def]5ce to 8 auguries2 b by ! neglig5ce ( our nobility ! discipl9e ( ! augury is n[ omitt$1 ! tru? ( ! auspices despis$1 & only a m]e =m obs]v$2 s t ! mo/ important affairs ( ! commonweal?1 ev5 ! w>s1 on :i* ! public safety dep5ds1 are conduct$ )\t any auspices2 ! ,p]emnia#aac are discuss$2 no "p ( ! ,acum9a#aad p]=m$2 no select m5 are call$ to witness to ! milit>y te/am5ts2#aae our g5]als n[ beg9 _! w>s z soon z !y h arrang$ ! ,auspicia4 ,! =ce ( religion 0 s great among our ance/ors t "s ( _! comm&]s h1 ) _! faces veil$1 & ) ! solemn1 =mal expressions ( religion1 sacrific$ !mselves to ! immortal ,gods to save _! c\ntry4#aaf ,i c\ld m5tion _m ( ! ,sibyll9e prophecies1 & _m answ]s ( ! h>uspices1 to confirm ^? ?+s1 :i* ought n to be d\bt$4 ,,iv4 ,= example3 our augurs & ! ,etrurian h>uspices saw ! tru? ( _! art e/abli%$ :5 ,p4 ,scipio & ,c4 ,figulus 7 consuls2 = z ,tib]ius ,grac*us1 :o 0 a second "t consul1 wi%$ to proce$ to a fre% election1 ! fir/ ,rogator1#aag z he 0 collect+ ! suffrages1 fell d[n dead on ! spot4 ,grac*us nev]!less w5t on ) ! assembly1 b p]ceiv+ t ?is accid5t _h a religi\s influ5ce on ! p1 he br\ght ! affair be=e ! s5ate4 ,! s5ate ?\ght fit to ref] x to ^? :o usually took cognizance ( su* ?+s4 ,! h>uspices 7 call$1 & decl>$ t ! man :o _h act$ z ,rogator ( ! assembly _h no "r to d s2 to :i*1 z ,i h he>d my fa!r say1 he repli$ ) great w>m?1 ,h ,i no "r1 :o am consul1 & augur1 & favor$ by ! ,auspicia8 ,& %all y1 :o are ,tuscans & ,b>b>ians1 pret5d t y h au?ority ov] ! ,roman ,auspicia1 & a "r to give judgm5t 9 matt]s respect+ ! =mality ( our assemblies8 ,!re=e1 he !n comm&$ !m to )draw2 b n long aft]w>d he wrote f 8 prov9ce#aah to ! college ( augurs1 ackn[l$g+ t 9 read+ ! books#aai he rememb]$ t he _h illegally *os5 a place = 8 t5t 9 ! g>d5s ( ,scipio1 & _h aft]w>d ent]$ ! ,pomo]ium1 9 ord] to hold a s5ate1 b t 9 repass+ ! same ,pomo]ium he _h =gott5 to take ! auspices2 & t1 !re=e1 ! consuls _h be5 creat$ in=mally4 ,! augurs laid ! case be=e ! s5ate4 ,! s5ate decre$ t !y %\ld resign _! *>ge1 & s !y accord+ly abdicat$4 ,:at great] example ne$ we seek =8 ,! wise/1 p]haps ! mo/ excell5t ( m51 *ose to confess 8 fault1 :i* he might h conceal$1 r ?an leave ! public ! lea/ atom ( religi\s guilt2 & ! consuls *ose to quit ! highe/ (fice 9 ! ,/ate1 r ?an fill x = a mom5t 9 defiance ( religion4 ,h[ great is ! reputation ( ! augurs6 ,& is n ! art ( ! soo?say]s div9e8 ,& mu/ n e "o :o sees :at innum]able in/ances ( ! same k9d !re are confess ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods8 ,= !y :o h int]pret]s mu/ c]ta9ly exi/ !mselves2 n[1 !re are int]pret]s ( ! ,gods2 !re=e we mu/ all[ !re are ,gods4 ,b x may be said1 p]haps1 t all pr$ictions are n accompli%$4 ,we may z well conclude !re is no art ( physic1 because all sick p]sons d n recov]4 ,! ,gods %[ u signs ( future ev5ts2 if we are occasionally deceiv$ 9 ! results1 x is n to be imput$ to ! nature ( ! ,gods1 b to ! conjectures ( m54 ,all nations agree t !re are ,gods2 ! op9ion is innate1 &1 z x 71 engrav$ 9 ! m9ds ( all m54 ,! only po9t 9 dispute among u is1 :at !y are4 ,v4 ,_! exi/5ce no "o d5ies4 ,clean!s1 "o ( our sect1 imputes ! way 9 :i* ! idea ( ! ,gods is implant$ 9 ! m9ds ( m5 to f\r causes4 ,! fir/ is t :i* ,i j n[ m5tion$--! =ekn[l$ge ( future ?+s4 ,! second is ! great advantages :i* we enjoy f ! temp]ature ( ! air1 ! f]tility ( ! e>?1 & ! abundance ( v>i\s b5efits ( o!r k9ds4 ,! ?ird cause is d$uc$ f ! t]ror ) :i* ! m9d is affect$ by ?und]1 tempe/s1 /orms1 sn[1 hail1 deva/ation1 pe/il5ce1 e>?quakes (t5 att5d$ ) hide\s noises1 %[]s ( /ones1 & ra9 l drops ( blood2 by rocks & sudd5 op5+s ( ! e>?2 by mon/r\s bir?s ( m5 & bea/s2 by meteors 9 ! air1 & blaz+ />s1 by ! ,greeks call$ comet1 by u cr9it1 ! appe>ance ( :i*1 9 ! late ,octavian w>1#abj 7 =ebod]s ( great calamities2 by two suns1 :i*1 z ,i h he>d my fa!r say1 happ5$ 9 ! consulate ( ,tuditanus & ,aquillius1 & 9 :i* ye> also ano!r sun 7,p4 ,africanus7 0 ext+ui%$4 ,^! ?+s t]rifi$ mank9d1 & rais$ 9 !m a firm belief ( ! exi/5ce ( "s cele/ial & div9e p[]4 ,8 f\r? cause1 & t ! /ronge/1 is drawn f ! regul>ity ( ! motion & revolution ( ! heav5s1 ! di/9ctness1 v>iety1 beauty1 & ord] ( ! sun1 moon1 & all ! />s1 ! appe>ance only ( :i* is suffici5t to conv9ce u !y are n ! effects ( *ance2 z :5 we ent] into a h\se1 or s*ool1 or c\rt1 & obs]ve ! exact ord]1 discipl9e1 & me?od ( x1 we _c suppose t x is s regulat$ )\t a cause1 b mu/ conclude t !re is "s "o :o comm&s1 & to :om ob$i5ce is paid4 ,x is q impossible = u to avoid ?9k+ t ! wond]ful motions1 revolutions1 & ord] ( ^? _m & great bodies1 no "p ( :i* is impair$ by ! c\ntless & inf9ite succession ( ages1 mu/ be gov]n$ & direct$ by "s supreme intellig5t be+4 ,,vi4 ,*rysippus1 inde$1 _h a v p5etrat+ g5ius2 yet su* is ! doctr9e :i* he deliv]s1 t he seems r to h be5 in/ruct$ by nature ?an to owe x to any discov]y ( 8 own4 ,if1 says he1 !re is any?+ 9 ! univ]se :i* no human reason1 ability1 or p[] c make1 ! be+ :o produc$ x mu/ c]ta9ly be pref]able to man4 ,n[1 cele/ial bodies1 & all ^? ?+s :i* proce$ 9 any et]nal ord]1 _c be made by man2 ! be+ :o made !m is !re=e pref]able to man4 ,:at1 !n1 is t be+ b a ,god8 ,if !re be no su* ?+ z a ,deity1 :at is !re bett] ?an man1 s9ce he only is possess$ ( reason1 ! mo/ excell5t ( all ?+s8 ,b x is a fooli% piece ( vanity 9 man to ?9k !re is no?+ pref]able to him4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 some?+ pref]able2 consequ5tly1 !re is c]ta9ly a ,god4 ,:5 y behold a l>ge & beautiful h\se1 surely no "o c p]suade y x 0 built = mice & weasels1 ?\gh y d n see ! ma/]2 & w\ld x n1 !re=e1 be mo/ manife/ folly to imag9e t a _w s magnific5tly adorn$1 ) su* an imm5se v>iety ( cele/ial bodies ( su* exquisite beauty1 & t ! va/ sizes & magnitude ( ! sea & l& 7 int5d$ z ! abode ( man1 & n z ! mansion ( ! immortal ,gods8 ,d we n also pla9ly see ?is1 t all ! mo/ elevat$ regions are ! be/1 & t ! e>? is ! l[e/ region1 & is surr\nd$ ) ! grosse/ air8 s t z we p]ceive t 9 "s cities & c\ntries ! capacities ( m5 are naturally dull]1 f ! ?ickness ( ! climate1 s mank9d 9 g5]al are affect$ by ! heav9ess ( ! air :i* surr\nds ! e>?1 ! grosse/ region ( ! _w4 ,yet ev5 f ?is inf]ior intellig5ce ( man we may discov] ! exi/5ce ( "s intellig5t ag5t t is div9e1 & wis] ?an ourselves2 =1 z ,socrates says 9 ,x5ophon1 f :5ce _h man 8 portion ( und]/&+8 ,&1 inde$1 if any "o 7 to pu% 8 inquiries ab\t ! moi/ure & heat :i* is diffus$ ?r\gh ! human body1 & ! e>?y k9d ( solidity exi/+ 9 our entrails1 & t s\l by :i* we brea!1 & to ask :5ce we d]iv$ !m1 x w\ld be pla9 t we h receiv$ "o ?+ f ! e>?1 ano!r f liquid1 ano!r f fire1 & ano!r f t air :i* we inhale e "t t we brea!4 ,,vii4 ,b :]e did we f9d t :i* excels all ^! ?+s--,i mean reason1 or 7if y please1 9 o!r t]ms7 ! m9d1 und]/&+1 ?\ght1 prud5ce2 & f :5ce did we receive x8 ,%all ! _w be possess$ ( e o!r p]fection1 & be de/itute ( ?is "o1 :i* is ! mo/ important & valuable ( all8 ,b c]ta9ly !re is no?+ bett]1 or m excell5t1 or m beautiful ?an ! _w2 & n only !re is no?+ bett]1 b we _c ev5 conceive any?+ sup]ior to x2 & if reason & wisdom are ! greate/ ( all p]fections1 !y mu/ necess>ily be a "p ( :at we all all[ to be ! mo/ excell5t4 ,:o is n compell$ to admit ! tru? ( :at ,i ass]t by t agreeable1 uni=m1 & cont9u$ agreem5t ( ?+s 9 ! univ]se8 ,c\ld ! e>? at "o season be adorn$ ) fl[]s1 at ano!r be cov]$ ) sn[8 ,or1 if su* a numb] ( ?+s regulat$ _! own *anges1 c\ld ! approa* & retreat ( ! sun 9 ! summ] & w9t] sol/ices be s regul>ly kn[n & calculat$8 ,c\ld ! flux & reflux ( ! sea & ! height ( ! tides be affect$ by ! increase or wane ( ! moon8 ,c\ld ! diff]5t c\rses ( ! />s be pres]v$ by ! uni=m movem5t ( ! :ole heav58 ,c\ld ^! ?+s subsi/1 ,i say1 9 su* a h>mony ( all ! p>ts ( ! univ]se )\t ! cont9u$ influ5ce ( a div9e _s8 ,if ^! po9ts are h&l$ 9 a free & copi\s mann]1 z ,i purpose to d1 !y w be less liable to ! cavils ( ! ,academics2 b ! n>r[1 conf9$ way 9 :i* ,z5o reason$ ^u !m laid !m m op5 to objection2 = z runn+ /reams are seldom or nev] ta9t$1 :ile /&+ wat]s easily gr[ corrupt1 s a flu5cy ( expression wa%es away ! c5sures ( ! cavill]1 :ile ! n>r[ limits ( a disc\rse :i* is too concise is almo/ def5celess2 = ! argum5ts :i* ,i am enl>g+ ^u are ?us briefly laid d[n by ,z5o3 ,,viii4 ,t :i* reasons is sup]ior to t :i* does n2 no?+ is sup]ior to ! _w2 ! _w1 !re=e1 reasons4 ,by ! same rule ! _w may be prov$ to be wise1 happy1 & et]nal2 = ! possession ( all ^! qualities is sup]ior to ! want ( !m2 & no?+ is sup]ior to ! _w2 ! inevitable consequ5ce ( :i* argum5t is1 t ! _w1 !re=e1 is a ,deity4 ,he goes on3 ,no "p ( any?+ void ( s5se is capable ( p]ception2 "s p>ts ( ! _w h p]ception2 ! _w1 !re=e1 has s5se4 ,he proce$s1 & pursues ! argum5t closely4 ,no?+1 says he1 t is de/itute itself ( life & reason c g5]ate a be+ possess$ ( life & reason2 b ! _w does g5]ate be+s possess$ ( life & reason2 ! _w1 !re=e1 is n itself de/itute ( life & reason4 ,he concludes 8 argum5t 9 8 usual mann] ) a simile3 ,if well-tun$ pipes %\ld spr+ out ( ! olive1 w\ld y h ! slighte/ d\bt t !re 0 9 ! olive-tree itself "s k9d ( skill & k8 ,or if ! plane-tree c\ld produce h>moni\s lutes1 surely y w\ld inf]1 on ! same pr9ciple1 t music 0 conta9$ 9 ! plane-tree4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld we n believe ! _w is a liv+ & wise be+1 s9ce x produces liv+ & wise be+s out ( itself8 ,,ix4 ,b z ,i h be5 ins5sibly l$ into a l5g? ( disc\rse beyond my fir/ design 7= ,i said t1 z ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods 0 evid5t to all1 !re 0 no ne$ ( any long oration to prove x71 ,i w demon/rate x by reasons d$uc$ f ! nature ( ?+s4 ,= x is a fact t all be+s :i* take n\ri%m5t & increase conta9 9 !mselves a p[] ( natural heat1 )\t :i* !y c\ld nei!r be n\ri%$ nor increase4 ,= ev]y?+ :i* is ( a w>m & fi]y "* is agitat$ & /irr$ up by its own motion4 ,b t :i* is n\ri%$ & gr[s is influ5c$ by a c]ta9 regul> & equable motion4 ,& z long z ?is motion rema9s 9 u1 s long does s5se & life rema92 b ! mom5t t x abates & is ext+ui%$1 we ourselves decay & p]i%4 ,by argum5ts l ^!1 ,clean!s %[s h[ great is ! p[] ( heat 9 all bodies4 ,he obs]ves t !re is no food s gross z n to be dige/$ 9 a night & a day2 & t ev5 9 ! excrem5titi\s p>ts1 :i* nature rejects1 !re rema9s a heat4 ,! ve9s & art]ies seem1 by _! cont9ual quiv]+1 to resemble ! agitation ( fire2 & x has (t5 be5 obs]v$ :5 ! he>t ( an animal is j pluck$ f ! body t x palpitates ) su* visible motion z to resemble ! rapidity ( fire4 ,ev]y?+1 !re=e1 t has life1 :e!r x be animal or vegetable1 owes t life to ! heat inh]5t 9 x2 x is ?is nature ( heat :i* conta9s 9 itself ! vital p[] :i* ext5ds ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4 ,?is w appe> m cle>ly on a m close explanation ( ?is fi]y quality1 :i* p]vades all ?+s4 ,e division1 !n1 ( ! _w 7& ,i %all t\* ^u ! mo/ consid]able7 is su/a9$ by heat2 & fir/ x may be obs]v$ 9 e>?ly sub/ances t fire is produc$ f /ones by /rik+ or rubb+ "o aga9/ ano!r2 t ! w>m e>? smokes#aba :5 j turn$ up1 & t wat] is drawn w>m f well-spr+s2 & ?is is mo/ especially ! case 9 ! w9t] season1 because !re is a great quantity ( heat conta9$ 9 ! cav]ns ( ! e>?2 & ?is becomes m d5se 9 ! w9t]1 & on t acc\nt conf9es m closely ! innate heat :i* is discov]able 9 ! e>?4 ,x4 ,x w\ld require a long diss]tation1 & _m reasons w\ld require to be adduc$1 to %[ t all ! se$s :i* ! e>? conceives1 & all ^? :i* x conta9s hav+ be5 g5]at$ f itself1 & fix$ 9 roots & trunks1 d]ive all _! orig9 & increase f ! temp]ature & regulation ( heat4 ,& t ev5 e liquor has a mixture ( heat 9 x is pla9ly demon/rat$ by ! effusion ( wat]2 = x w\ld n congeal by cold1 nor become solid1 z ice or sn[1 & return aga9 to its natural /ate1 if x 7 n t1 :5 heat is appli$ to x1 x aga9 becomes liquefi$ & dissolv$1 & s diffuses itself4 ,!re=e1 by nor!rn & o!r cold w9ds x is froz5 & h>d5$1 & 9 turn x dissolves & melts aga9 by heat4 ,! seas likewise1 we f9d1 :5 agitat$ by w9ds1 gr[ w>m1 s t f ?is fact we may und]/& t !re is heat includ$ 9 t va/ body ( wat]2 = we _c imag9e x to be ext]nal & adv5titi\s heat1 b su* z is /irr$ up by agitation f ! deep recesses ( ! seas2 & ! same ?+ takes place ) respect to our bodies1 :i* gr[ w>m ) motion & ex]cise4 ,& ! v air itself1 :i* inde$ is ! colde/ elem5t1 is by no means void ( heat2 = !re is a great quantity1 aris+ f ! exhalations ( wat]1 :i* appe>s to be a sort ( /eam occasion$ by its int]nal heat1 l t ( boil+ liquors4 ,! f\r? "p ( ! univ]se is entirely fire1 & is ! s\rce ( ! salut>y & vital heat :i* is f\nd 9 ! re/4 ,f h5ce we may conclude t1 z all p>ts ( ! _w are su/a9$ by heat1 ! _w itself also has su* a great l5g? ( "t subsi/$ f ! same cause2 & s mu* ! m1 because we ought to und]/& t t hot & fi]y pr9ciple is s diffus$ ov] univ]sal nature t !re is conta9$ 9 x a p[] & cause ( g5]ation & procreation1 f :i* all animate be+s1 & all ^? creatures ( ! vegetable _w1 ! roots ( :i* are conta9$ 9 ! e>?1 mu/ inevitably d]ive _! orig9 & _! increase4 ,,xi4 ,x is nature1 consequ5tly1 t cont9ues & pres]ves ! _w1 & t1 too1 a nature :i* is n de/itute ( s5se & reason2 = 9 e ess5ce t is n simple1 b compos$ ( sev]al p>ts1 !re mu/ be "s pr$om9ant quality--z1 = in/ance1 ! m9d 9 man1 & 9 bea/s some?+ resembl+ x1 f :i* arise all ! appetites & desires = any?+4 ,z = trees1 & all ! vegetable produce ( ! e>?1 x is ?\ght to be 9 _! roots4 ,i call t ! pr$om9ant quality1#abb :i* ! ,greeks call ,greek3 hgemonikon2 :i* mu/ & ought to be ! mo/ excell5t quality1 :]ev] x is f\nd4 ,t1 !re=e1 9 :i* ! prevail+ quality ( all nature resides mu/ be ! mo/ excell5t ( all ?+s1 & mo/ wor?y ( ! p[] & pre-em95ce ov] all ?+s4 ,n[1 we see t !re is no?+ 9 be+ t is n a "p ( ! univ]se2 & z !re are s5se & reason 9 ! p>ts ( x1 !re mu/ !re=e be ^! qualities1 & ^!1 too1 9 a m en]getic & p[]ful degree1 9 t "p 9 :i* ! pr$om9ant quality ( ! _w is f\nd4 ,! _w1 !re=e1 mu/ necess>ily be possess$ ( wisdom2 & t elem5t1 :i* embraces all ?+s1 mu/ excel 9 p]fection ( reason4 ,! _w1 !re=e1 is a ,god1 & ! :ole p[] ( ! _w is conta9$ 9 t div9e elem5t4 ,! heat also ( ! _w is m pure1 cle>1 & lively1 &1 consequ5tly1 bett] adapt$ to move ! s5ses ?an ! heat allott$ to u2 & x vivifies & pres]ves all ?+s )9 ! compass ( our k4 ,x is absurd1 !re=e1 to say t ! _w1 :i* is endu$ ) a p]fect1 free1 pure1 spiritu\s1 & active heat1 is n s5sitive1 s9ce by ?is heat m5 & bea/s are pres]v$1 & move1 & ?9k2 m especially s9ce ?is heat ( ! _w is itself ! sole pr9ciple ( agitation1 & has no ext]nal impulse1 b is mov$ spontane\sly2 = :at c be m p[]ful ?an ! _w1 :i* moves & raises t heat by :i* x subsi/s8 ,,xii4 ,= let u li/5 to ,plato1 :o is reg>d$ z a ,god among philosoph]s4 ,he says t !re are two sorts ( motion1 "o innate & ! o!r ext]nal2 & t t :i* is mov$ spontane\sly is m div9e ?an t :i* is mov$ by ano!r p[]4 ,?is self-motion he places 9 ! m9d alone1 & concludes t ! fir/ pr9ciple ( motion is d]iv$ f ! m9d4 ,!re=e1 s9ce all motion arises f ! heat ( ! _w1 & t heat is n mov$ by ! effect ( any ext]nal impulse1 b ( its own accord1 x mu/ necess>ily be a m9d2 f :5ce x foll[s t ! _w is animat$4 ,on su* reason+ is f\nd$ ?is op9ion1 t ! _w is possess$ ( und]/&+1 because x c]ta9ly has m p]fections 9 itself ?an any o!r nature2 = z !re is no "p ( our bodies s consid]able z ! :ole ( u1 s x is cle> t !re is no p>ticul> portion ( ! univ]se equal 9 magnitude to ! :ole ( x2 f :5ce x foll[s t wisdom mu/ be an attribute ( ! _w2 o!rwise man1 :o is a "p ( x1 & possess$ ( reason1 w\ld be sup]ior to ! entire _w4 ,& ?us1 if we proce$ f ! fir/ rude1 unf9i%$ natures to ! mo/ sup]ior & p]fect ones1 we %all inevitably come at la/ to ! nature ( ! ,gods4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 we obs]ve t ^? vegetables :i* are produc$ out ( ! e>? are support$ by nature1 & %e gives !m no fur!r supply ?an is suffici5t to pres]ve !m by n\ri%+ !m & mak+ !m gr[4 ,to bea/s %e has giv5 s5se & motion1 & a faculty :i* directs !m to :at is :olesome1 & prompts !m to %un :at is noxi\s to !m4 ,on man %e has conf]r$ a great] portion ( h] favor2 inasmu* z %e has add$ reason1 by :i* he is enabl$ to comm& 8 passions1 to mod]ate "s1 & to subdue o!rs4 ,,xiii4 ,9 ! f\r? & highe/ degree are ^? be+s :i* are naturally wise & good1 :o f ! fir/ mom5t ( _! exi/5ce are possess$ ( "r & consi/5t reason1 :i* we mu/ consid] sup]ior to man & des]v+ to be attribut$ to a ,god2 t is to say1 to ! _w1 9 :i* x is inevitable t t p]fect & complete reason %\ld be inh]5t4 ,nor is x possible t x %\ld be said ) ju/ice t !re is any arrangem5t ( ?+s 9 :i* !re _c be some?+ entire & p]fect4 ,= z 9 a v9e or 9 bea/s we see t nature1 if n prev5t$ by "s sup]ior viol5ce1 proce$s by h] own appropriate pa? to h] de/9$ end2 & z 9 pa9t+1 ar*itecture1 & ! o!r arts !re is a po9t ( p]fection :i* is atta9able1 & occasionally atta9$1 s x is ev5 mu* m necess>y t 9 univ]sal nature !re mu/ be "s complete & p]fect result arriv$ at4 ,_m ext]nal accid5ts may happ5 to all o!r natures :i* may imp$e _! progress to p]fection1 b no?+ c h9d] univ]sal nature1 because %e is h]self ! rul] & gov]nor ( all o!r natures4 ,t1 !re=e1 mu/ be ! f\r? & mo/ elevat$ degree to :i* no o!r p[] c approa*4 ,b ?is degree is t on :i* ! nature ( all ?+s is plac$2 & s9ce %e is possess$ ( ?is1 & %e presides ov] all ?+s1 & is subject to no possible imp$im5t1 ! _w mu/ necess>ily be an intellig5t & ev5 a wise be+4 ,b h[ m>vell\sly great is ! ignorance ( ^? m5 :o dispute ! p]fection ( t nature :i* encircles all ?+s2 or :o1 all[+ x to be inf9itely p]fect1 yet d5y x to be1 9 ! fir/ place1 animat$1 !n reasonable1 &1 la/ly1 prud5t & wise6 ,= h[ )\t ^! qualities c\ld x be inf9itely p]fect8 ,if x 7 l vegetables1 or ev5 l bea/s1 !re w\ld be no m reason = ?9k+ x extremely good ?an extremely bad2 & if x 7 possess$ ( reason1 & _h n wisdom f ! beg9n+1 ! _w w\ld be 9 a worse condition ?an man2 = man may gr[ wise1 b ! _w1 if x 7 de/itute ( wisdom ?r\gh an inf9ite space ( "t pa/1 c\ld nev] acquire x4 ,?us x w\ld be worse ?an man4 ,b z t is absurd to imag9e1 ! _w mu/ be e/eem$ wise f all et]nity1 & consequ5tly a ,deity3 s9ce !re is no?+ exi/+ t is n defective1 except ! univ]se1 :i* is well provid$1 & fully complete & p]fect 9 all its numb]s & p>ts4 ,,xiv4 ,= ,*rysippus says1 v acutely1 t z ! case is made = ! buckl]1 & ! scabb>d = ! sword1 s all ?+s1 except ! univ]se1 7 made = ! sake ( some?+ else4 ,z1 = in/ance1 all ^? crops & fruits :i* ! e>? produces 7 made = ! sake ( animals1 & animals = man2 z1 ! horse = c>ry+1 ! ox = ! pl\gh1 ! dog = hunt+ & = a gu>d4 ,b man himself 0 born to contemplate & imitate ! _w1 be+ 9 no wise p]fect1 b1 if ,i may s express myself1 a p>ticle ( p]fection2 b ! _w1 z x compreh5ds all1 & z no?+ exi/s t is n conta9$ 9 x1 is entirely p]fect4 ,9 :at1 !re=e1 c x be defective1 s9ce x is p]fect8 ,x _c want und]/&+ & reason1 = !y are ! mo/ desirable ( all qualities4 ,! same ,*rysippus obs]ves also1 by ! use ( similitudes1 t ev]y?+ 9 its k9d1 :5 arriv$ at maturity & p]fection1 is sup]ior to t :i* is n--z1 a horse to a colt1 a dog to a puppy1 & a man to a boy--s :atev] is be/ 9 ! :ole univ]se mu/ exi/ 9 "s complete & p]fect be+4 ,b no?+ is m p]fect ?an ! _w1 & no?+ bett] ?an virtue4 ,virtue1 !re=e1 is an attribute ( ! _w4 ,b human nature is n p]fect1 & nev]!less virtue is produc$ 9 x3 ) h[ mu* great] reason1 !n1 d we conceive x to be inh]5t 9 ! _w6 ,!re=e ! _w has virtue1 & x is also wise1 & consequ5tly a ,deity4 ,,xv4 ,! div9ity ( ! _w be+ n[ cle>ly p]ceiv$1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge ! same div9ity to be likewise 9 ! />s1 :i* are =m$ f ! lighte/ & pure/ "p ( ! e!r1 )\t a mixture ( any o!r matt]2 &1 be+ altoge!r hot & transp>5t1 we may ju/ly say !y h life1 s5se1 & und]/&+4 ,& ,clean!s ?9ks t x may be e/abli%$ by ! evid5ce ( two ( our s5ses--feel+ & see+--t !y are entirely fi]y bodies2 = ! heat & brightness ( ! sun f> exce$ any o!r fire1 inasmu* z x enlight5s ! :ole univ]se1 cov]+ su* a va/ ext5t ( space1 & its p[] is su* t we p]ceive t x n only w>ms1 b (t5 ev5 burns3 nei!r ( :i* x c\ld d if x 7 n ( a fi]y quality4 ,s9ce1 !n1 says he1 ! sun is a fi]y body1 & is n\ri%$ by ! vapors ( ! ocean 7= no fire c cont9ue )\t "s su/5ance71 x mu/ be ei!r l t fire :i* we use to w>m u & dress our food1 or l t :i* is conta9$ 9 ! bodies ( animals4 ,& ?is fire1 :i* ! conv5i5ce ( life requires1 is ! dev\r] & consum] ( ev]y?+1 & ?r[s into confusion & de/roys :atev] x rea*es4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! corporeal heat is full ( life1 & salut>y2 & vivifies1 pres]ves1 *]i%es1 increases1 & su/a9s all ?+s1 & is productive ( s5se2 !re=e1 says he1 !re c be no d\bt :i* ( ^! fires ! sun is l1 s9ce x causes all ?+s 9 _! respective k9ds to fl\ri% & arrive to maturity2 & z ! fire ( ! sun is l t :i* is conta9$ 9 ! bodies ( animat$ be+s1 ! sun itself mu/ likewise be animat$1 & s mu/ ! o!r />s also1 :i* arise out ( ! cele/ial ardor t we call ! sky1 or firmam5t4 ,z1 !n1 "s animals are g5]at$ 9 ! e>?1 "s 9 ! wat]1 & "s 9 ! air1 ,ari/otle#abc ?9ks x ridicul\s to imag9e t no animal is =m$ 9 t "p ( ! univ]se :i* is ! mo/ capable to produce !m4 ,b ! />s are situat$ 9 ! e!real space2 & z ?is is an elem5t ! mo/ subtle1 ^: motion is cont9ual1 & ^: =ce does n decay1 x foll[s1 ( necessity1 t e animat$ be+ :i* is produc$ 9 x mu/ be end[$ ) ! quicke/ s5se & ! swifte/ motion4 ,! />s1 !re=e1 be+ !re g5]at$1 x is a natural inf]5ce to suppose !m endu$ ) su* a degree ( s5se & und]/&+ z places !m 9 ! rank ( ,gods4 ,,xvi4 ,= x may be obs]v$ t !y :o inhabit c\ntries ( a pure1 cle> air h a quick] appreh5sion & a readi] g5ius ?an ^? :o live 9 a ?ick1 foggy climate4 ,x is ?\ght likewise t ! nature ( a man's diet has an effect on ! m9d2 !re=e x is probable t ! />s are possess$ ( an excell5t und]/&+1 inasmu* z !y are situat$ 9 ! e!real "p ( ! univ]se1 & are n\ri%$ by ! vapors ( ! e>? & sea1 :i* are purifi$ by _! long passage to ! heav5s4 ,b ! inv>iable ord] & regul> motion ( ! />s pla9ly manife/ _! s5se & und]/&+2 = all motion :i* seems to be conduct$ ) reason & h>mony supposes an intellig5t pr9ciple1 t does n act bl9dly1 or inconsi/5tly1 or at r&om4 ,& ?is regul>ity & consi/5t c\rse ( ! />s f all et]nity indicates n any natural ord]1 = x is pregnant ) s\nd reason1 n =tune 7= =tune1 be+ a fri5d to *ange1 despises consi/5cy74 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t !y move spontane\sly by _! own s5se & div9ity4 ,ari/otle also des]ves high comm5dation = 8 obs]vation t ev]y?+ t moves is ei!r put 9 motion by natural impulse1 or by "s ext]nal =ce1 or ( its own accord2 & t ! sun1 & moon1 & all ! />s move2 b t ^? ?+s :i* are mov$ by natural impulse are ei!r borne d[nw>d by _! weight1 or upw>d by _! lightness2 nei!r ( :i* ?+s c\ld be ! case ) ! />s1 because !y move 9 a regul> circle & orbit4 ,nor c x be said t !re is "s sup]ior =ce :i* causes ! />s to be mov$ 9 a mann] contr>y to nature4 ,= :at sup]ior =ce c !re be8 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t _! motion mu/ be volunt>y4 ,& :oev] is conv9c$ ( ?is mu/ discov] n only great ignorance1 b great impiety likewise1 if he d5ies ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods2 nor is ! diff]5ce great :e!r a man d5ies _! exi/5ce1 or deprives !m ( all design & action2 = :atev] is :olly inactive seems to me n to exi/ at all4 ,_! exi/5ce1 !re=e1 appe>s s pla9 t ,i c sc>cely ?9k t man 9 8 s5ses :o d5ies x4 ,,xvii4 ,x n[ rema9s t we consid] :at is ! "* ( ! ,gods4 ,no?+ is m difficult ?an to div]t our ?\ghts & judgm5t f ! in=mation ( our corporeal sight1 & ! view ( objects :i* our eyes are accu/om$ to2 & x is ?is difficulty :i* has _h su* an influ5ce on ! unle>n$1 & on philosoph]s#abd also :o resembl$ ! unle>n$ multitude1 t !y h be5 unable to =m any idea ( ! immortal ,gods except "u ! clo?+ ( ! human figure2 ! weakness ( :i* op9ion ,cotta has s well confut$ t ,i ne$ n add my ?\ghts ^u x4 ,b z ! previ\s idea :i* we h ( ! ,deity compreh5ds two ?+s--fir/ ( all1 t he is an animat$ be+2 secondly1 t !re is no?+ 9 all nature sup]ior to him--,i d n see :at c be m consi/5t ) ?is idea & preconception ?an to attribute a m9d & div9ity to ! _w1#abe ! mo/ excell5t ( all be+s4 ,epicurus may be z m]ry ) ?is notion z he pleases2 a man n ! be/ qualifi$ = a jok]1 z n hav+ ! wit & s5se ( 8 c\ntry4#abf ,let him say t a voluble r\nd ,deity is to him incompreh5sible2 yet he %all nev] dissuade me f a pr9ciple :i* he himself approves1 = he is ( op9ion !re are ,gods :5 he all[s t !re mu/ be a nature excell5tly p]fect4 ,b x is c]ta9 t ! _w is mo/ excell5tly p]fect3 nor is x to be d\bt$ t :atev] has life1 s5se1 reason1 & und]/&+ mu/ excel t :i* is de/itute ( ^! ?+s4 ,x foll[s1 !n1 t ! _w has life1 s5se1 reason1 & und]/&+1 & is consequ5tly a ,deity4 ,b ?is %all soon be made m manife/ by ! op]ation ( ^! v ?+s :i* ! _w causes4 ,,xviii4 ,9 ! mean :ile1 ,velleius1 let me entreat y n to be always say+ t we are utt]ly de/itute ( e sort ( le>n+4 ,! cone1 y say1 ! cyl9d]1 & ! pyramid1 are m beautiful to y ?an ! sph]e4 ,?is is to h diff]5t eyes f o!r m54 ,b suppose !y are m beautiful to ! sight only1 :i* does n appe> to me1 = ,i c see no?+ m beautiful ?an t figure :i* conta9s all o!rs1 & :i* has no?+ r\gh 9 x1 no?+ (f5sive1 no?+ cut into angles1 no?+ brok51 no?+ swell+1 & no?+ holl[2 yet z !re are two =ms mo/ e/eem$1#abg ! globe 9 solids 7= s ! ,greek ^w ,greek3 sphaira1 ,i ?9k1 %\ld be con/ru$71 & ! circle1 or orb1 9 planes 79 ,greek1 ,greek3 kyklos72 & z !y only h an exact similitude ( p>ts 9 :i* e extreme is equally di/ant f ! c5tre1 :at c we imag9e 9 nature to be m j & prop]8 ,b if y h nev] rak$ into ?is le>n$ du/#abh to f9d out ^! ?+s1 surely1 at all ev5ts1 y natural philosoph]s mu/ "k t equality ( motion & inv>iable ord] c\ld n be pres]v$ 9 any o!r figure4 ,no?+1 !re=e1 c be m illit]ate ?an to ass]t1 z y are 9 ! habit ( do+1 t x is d\btful :e!r ! _w is r\nd or n1 because x may possibly be ( ano!r %ape1 & t !re are innum]able worlds ( diff]5t =ms2 :i* ,epicurus1 if he ev] _h le>n$ t two & two are equal to f\r1 w\ld n h said4 ,b :ile he judges ( :at is be/ by 8 palate1 he does n look up to ! palace ( heav51 z ,ennius calls x4 ,,xix4 ,= z !re are two sorts ( />s1#abi "o k9d ( :i* measure _! j\rney f ea/ to we/ by immutable /ages1 nev] 9 ! lea/ v>y+ f _! usual c\rse1 :ile ! o!r completes a d\ble revolution ) an equally con/ant regul>ity2 f ea* ( ^! facts we demon/rate ! volubility ( ! _w 7:i* c\ld n possibly take place 9 any b a globul> =m7 & ! circul> orbits ( ! />s4 ,& fir/ ( all ! sun1 :i* has ! *ief rank among all ! />s1 is mov$ 9 su* a mann] t x fills ! :ole e>? ) its light1 & illum9ates alt]nately "o "p ( ! e>?1 :ile x leaves ! o!r 9 d>kness4 ,! %ad[ ( ! e>? int]pos+ causes night2 & ! int]vals ( night are equal to ^? ( day4 ,& x is ! regul> approa*es & retreats ( ! sun f :i* arise ! regulat$ degrees ( cold & heat4 ,8 annual circuit is 9 ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five days1 & ne>ly six h\rs m4#acj ,at "o "t he b5ds 8 c\rse to ! nor?1 at ano!r to ! s\?1 & ?us produces summ] & w9t]1 ) ! o!r two seasons1 "o ( :i* succe$s ! decl9e ( w9t]1 & ! o!r t ( summ]4 ,& s to ^! f\r *anges ( ! seasons we attribute ! orig9 & cause ( all ! productions bo? ( sea & l&4 ,! moon completes ! same c\rse e mon? :i* ! sun does 9 a ye>4 ,! ne>] %e approa*es to ! sun1 ! dimm] light does %e yield1 & :5 mo/ remote f x %e %9es ) ! fulle/ brilliancy2 nor are h] figure & =m only *ang$ 9 h] wane1 b h] situation likewise1 :i* is sometimes 9 ! nor? & sometimes 9 ! s\?4 ,by ?is c\rse %e has a sort ( summ] & w9t] sol/ices2 & by h] influ5ce %e contributes to ! n\ri%m5t & increase ( animat$ be+s1 & to ! rip5ess & maturity ( all vegetables4 ,,xx4 ,b mo/ wor?y our admiration is ! motion ( ^? five />s :i* are falsely call$ w&]+ />s2 = !y _c be said to w&] :i* keep f all et]nity _! approa*es & retreats1 & h all ! re/ ( _! motions1 9 "o regul> con/ant & e/abli%$ ord]4 ,:at is yet m wond]ful 9 ^! />s :i* we are speak+ ( is t sometimes !y appe>1 & sometimes !y disappe>2 sometimes !y advance t[>ds ! sun1 & sometimes !y retreat2 sometimes !y prec$e him1 & sometimes foll[ him2 sometimes !y move fa/]1 sometimes sl[]1 & sometimes !y d n /ir 9 ! lea/1 b = a :ile /& /ill4 ,f ^! unequal motions ( ! planets1 ma!maticians h call$ t ! great ye>#aca 9 :i* ! sun1 moon1 & five w&]+ />s1 hav+ f9i%$ _! revolutions1 are f\nd 9 _! orig9al situation4 ,9 h[ long a "t ?is is effect$ is mu* disput$1 b x mu/ be a c]ta9 & def9ite p]iod4 ,= ! planet ,saturn 7call$ by ! ,greeks ,greek3 ,pha9on71 :i* is f>!/ f ! e>?1 f9i%es 8 c\rse 9 ab\t ?irty ye>s2 & 9 8 c\rse !re is some?+ v s+ul>1 = sometimes he moves be=e ! sun1 sometimes he keeps beh9d x2 at "o "t ly+ hidd5 9 ! night1 at ano!r aga9 appe>+ 9 ! morn+2 & ev] p]=m+ ! same motions 9 ! same space ( "t )\t any alt]ation1 s z to be = inf9ite ages regul> 9 ^! c\rses4 ,b5ea? ?is planet1 & ne>] ! e>?1 is ,jupit]1 call$ ,greek3 ,phae?n1 :i* passes ! same orbit ( ! twelve signs#acb 9 twelve ye>s1 & goes ?r\gh exactly ! same v>iety 9 its c\rse t ! /> ( ,saturn does4 ,next to ,jupit] is ! planet ,m>s 79 ,greek1 ,greek3 ,pyroeis71 :i* f9i%es its revolution ?r\gh ! same orbit z ! two previ\sly m5tion$1#acc 9 tw5ty-f\r mon?s1 want+ six days1 z ,i imag9e4 ,bel[ ?is is ,m]cury 7call$ by ! ,greeks ,greek3 ,/ilbn71 :i* p]=ms ! same c\rse 9 little less ?an a ye>1 & is nev] f>!r di/ant f ! sun ?an ! space ( "o sign1 :e!r x prec$es or foll[s x4 ,! l[e/ ( ! five planets1 & ne>e/ ! e>?1 is t ( ,v5us 7call$ 9 ,greek ,greek3 ,phsphoros74 ,be=e ! ris+ ( ! sun1 x is call$ ! morn+-/>1 & aft] ! sett+1 ! ev5+-/>4 ,x has ! same revolution ?r\gh ! zodiac1 bo? z to latitude & longitude1 ) ! o!r planets1 9 a ye>1 & nev] is m ?an two#acd signs f ! sun1 :e!r x prec$es or foll[s x4 ,,xxi4 ,i _c1 !re=e1 conceive t ?is con/ant c\rse ( ! planets1 ?is j agreem5t 9 su* v>i\s motions ?r\gh all et]nity1 c be pres]v$ )\t a m9d1 reason1 & consid]ation2 & s9ce we may p]ceive ^! qualities 9 ! />s1 we _c b place !m 9 ! rank ( ,gods4 ,^? :i* are call$ ! fix$ />s h ! same indications ( reason & prud5ce4 ,_! motion is daily1 regul>1 & con/ant4 ,!y d n move ) ! sky1 nor h !y an adhesion to ! firmam5t1 z !y :o are ignorant ( natural philosophy affirm4 ,= ! sky1 :i* is ?91 transp>5t1 & suffus$ ) an equal heat1 does n seem by its nature to h p[] to :irl ab\t ! />s1 or to be prop] to conta9 !m4 ,! fix$ />s1 !re=e1 h _! own sph]e1 sep>ate & free f any conjunction ) ! sky4 ,_! p]petual c\rses1 ) t admirable & incr$ible regul>ity ( !irs1 s pla9ly decl>e a div9e p[] & m9d to be 9 !m1 t he :o _c p]ceive t !y are also end[$ ) div9e p[] mu/ be incapable ( all p]ception :atev]4 ,9 ! heav5s1 !re=e1 !re is no?+ =tuit\s1 unadvis$1 incon/ant1 or v>iable3 all !re is ord]1 tru?1 reason1 & con/ancy2 & all ! ?+s :i* are de/itute ( ^! qualities are c\nt]feit1 deceitful1 & errone\s1 & h _! resid5ce ab\t ! e>?#ace b5ea? ! moon1 ! l[e/ ( all ! planets4 ,he1 !re=e1 :o believes t ?is admirable ord] & almo/ incr$ible regul>ity ( ! heav5ly bodies1 by :i* ! pres]vation & entire safety ( all ?+s is secur$1 is de/itute ( intellig5ce1 mu/ be consid]$ to be himself :olly de/itute ( all intellect :atev]4 ,i ?9k1 !n1 ,i %all n deceive myself 9 ma9ta9+ ?is dispute ^u ! pr9ciple ( ,z5o1 :o w5t ! f>!/ 9 8 se>* aft] tru?4 ,,xxii4 ,z5o1 !n1 def9es nature to be an artificial fire1 proce$+ 9 a regul> way to g5]ation2 = he ?9ks t to create & beget are especial prop]ties ( art1 & t :atev] may be wr\ght by ! h&s ( our artific]s is mu* m skilfully p]=m$ by nature1 t is1 by ?is artificial fire1 :i* is ! ma/] ( all o!r arts4 ,accord+ to ?is mann] ( reason+1 e p>ticul> nature is artificial1 z x op]ates agreeably to a c]ta9 me?od peculi> to itself2 b t univ]sal nature :i* embraces all ?+s is said by ,z5o to be n only artificial1 b absolutely ! artific]1 ev] ?9k+ & provid+ all ?+s useful & prop]2 & z e p>ticul> nature owes its rise & increase to its own prop] se$1 s univ]sal nature has all h] motions volunt>y1 has affections & desires 7by ! ,greeks call$ ,greek3 hormas7 productive ( actions agreeable to !m1 l u1 :o h s5se & und]/&+ to direct u4 ,su*1 !n1 is ! intellig5ce ( ! univ]se2 = :i* reason x may be prop]ly t]m$ prud5ce or provid5ce 79 ,greek1 ,greek3 pronoia71 s9ce h] *iefe/ c>e & employm5t is to provide all ?+s fit = its duration1 t x may want no?+1 &1 above all1 t x may be adorn$ ) all p]fection ( beauty & ornam5t4 ,,xxiii4 ,?us f> h ,i spok5 conc]n+ ! univ]se1 & also ( ! />s2 f :5ce x is app>5t t !re is almo/ an inf9ite numb] ( ,gods1 always 9 action1 b )\t labor or fatigue2 = !y are n compos$ ( ve9s1 n]ves1 & bones2 _! food & dr9k are n su* z cause humors too gross or too subtle2 nor are _! bodies su* z to be subject to ! fe> ( falls or bl[s1 or 9 dang] ( diseases f a we>9ess ( limbs4 ,epicurus1 to secure 8 ,gods f su* accid5ts1 has made !m only outl9es ( ,deities1 void ( action2 b our ,gods be+ ( ! mo/ beautiful =m1 & situat$ 9 ! pure/ region ( ! heav5s1 dispose & rule _! c\rse 9 su* a mann] t !y seem to contribute to ! support & pres]vation ( all ?+s4 ,besides ^!1 !re are _m o!r natures :i* h ) reason be5 deifi$ by ! wise/ ,grecians1 & by our ance/ors1 9 consid]ation ( ! b5efits d]iv$ f !m2 = !y 7 p]suad$ t :atev] 0 ( great utility to human k9d mu/ proce$ f div9e goodness1 & ! "n ( ! ,deity 0 appli$ to t :i* ! ,deity produc$1 z :5 we call corn ,c]es1 & w9e ,bac*us2 :5ce t say+ ( ,t]5ce1#acf ,)\t ,c]es & ,bac*us1 ,v5us />ves4 ,& any quality1 also1 9 :i* !re 0 any s+ul> virtue 0 nom9at$ a ,deity1 su* z ,fai? & ,wisdom1 :i* are plac$ among ! div9ities 9 ! ,capitol2 ! la/ by milius ,scaurus1 b ,fai? 0 consecrat$ be=e by ,atilius ,calat9us4 ,y see ! temple ( ,virtue & t ( ,honor repair$ by ,m4 ,m>cellus1 erect$ =m]ly1 9 ! ,ligurian w>1 by ,q4 ,maximus4 ,ne$ ,i m5tion ^? d$icat$ to ,help1 ,safety1 ,concord1 ,lib]ty1 & ,victory1 :i* h be5 call$ ,deities1 because _! efficacy has be5 s great t x c\ld n h proce$$ f any b f "s div9e p[]8 ,9 l mann] are ! names ( ,cupid1 ,voluptas1 & ( ,lub5t9e ,v5us consecrat$1 ?\gh !y 7 ?+s vici\s & n natural1 :atev] ,velleius may ?9k to ! contr>y1 = !y frequ5tly /imulate nature 9 too viol5t a mann]4 ,ev]y?+1 !n1 f :i* any great utility proce$$ 0 deifi$2 &1 inde$1 ! names ,i h j n[ m5tion$ are decl>atory ( ! p>ticul> virtue ( ea* ,deity4 ,,xxiv4 ,x has be5 a g5]al cu/om likewise1 t m5 :o h done important s]vice to ! public %\ld be exalt$ to heav5 by fame & univ]sal cons5t4 ,?us ,h]cules1 ,ca/or & ,pollux1 sculapius1 & ,lib] became ,gods 7,i mean ,lib]#acg ! son ( ,semele1 & n him#ach :om our ance/ors consecrat$ 9 su* /ate & solemnity ) ,c]es & ,lib]a2 ! diff]5ce 9 :i* may be se5 9 our ,my/]ies4#aci ,b because ! (fspr+s ( our bodies are call$ ,lib]i 7*ildr571 !re=e ! (fspr+s ( ,c]es are call$ ,lib] & ,lib]a 7,lib]a#adj is ! fem99e1 & ,lib] ! mascul9e72 ?us likewise ,romulus1 or ,quir9us--= !y are ?\ght to be ! same--became a ,god4 ,!y are ju/ly e/eem$ z ,deities1 s9ce _! s\ls subsi/ & enjoy et]nity1 f :5ce !y are p]fect & immortal be+s4 ,!re is ano!r reason1 too1 & t f\nd$ on natural philosophy1 :i* has greatly contribut$ to ! numb] ( ,deities2 namely1 ! cu/om ( repres5t+ 9 human =m a cr[d ( ,gods :o h suppli$ ! poets ) fables1 & fill$ mank9d ) all sorts ( sup]/ition4 ,z5o has treat$ ( ?is subject1 b x has be5 discuss$ m at l5g? by ,clean!s & ,*rysippus4 ,all ,greece 0 ( op9ion t ,coelum 0 ca/rat$ by 8 son ,saturn1#ada & t ,saturn 0 *a9$ by 8 son ,jupit]4 ,9 ^! impi\s fables1 a physical & n inelegant mean+ is conta9$2 = !y w\ld d5ote t ! cele/ial1 mo/ exalt$1 & e!real nature--t is1 ! fi]y nature1 :i* produces all ?+s by itself--is de/itute ( t "p ( ! body :i* is necess>y = ! act ( g5]ation by conjunction ) ano!r4 ,,xxv4 ,by ,saturn !y mean t :i* compreh5ds ! c\rse & revolution ( times & seasons2 ! ,greek "n = :i* ,deity implies z mu*1 = he is call$ ,greek3 ,kronos1 :i* is ! same ) ,greek3 ,*ronos1 t is1 a space ( "t4 ,b he is call$ ,saturn1 because he is fill$ 7saturatur7 ) ye>s2 & he is usually feign$ to h dev\r$ 8 *ildr51 because "t1 ev] insatiable1 consumes ! roll+ ye>s2 b to re/ra9 him f immod]ate ha/e1 ,jupit] has conf9$ him to ! c\rse ( ! />s1 :i* are z *a9s to him4 ,jupit] 7t is1 juvans pat]7 signifies a help+ fa!r1 :om1 by *ang+ ! cases1 we call ,jove1#adb a juv&o4 ,! poets call him fa!r ( ,gods & m52#adc & our ance/ors ! mo/ good1 ! mo/ great2 & z !re is some?+ m glori\s 9 itself1 & m agreeable to o!rs1 to be good 7t is1 b5efic5t7 ?an to be great1 ! title ( mo/ good prec$es t ( mo/ great4 ,?is1 !n1 is he :om ,ennius means 9 ! foll[+ passage1 be=e quot$-- ,look up to ! refulg5t heav5 above1 ,:i* all m5 call1 unanim\sly1 ,jove3 :i* is m pla9ly express$ ?an 9 ?is o!r passage#add ( ! same poet-- ,on ^: acc\nt ,i'll curse t flood ( light1 ,:ate'er x is above t %9es s bright4 ,our augurs also mean ! same1 :51 = ! ?und]+ & lightn+ heav51 !y say ! ?und]+ & lightn+ ,jove4 ,euripides1 among _m excell5t ?+s1 has ?is3 ,! va/1 exp&$1 b\ndless sky behold1 ,see x ) s(t embrace ! e>? enfold2 ,?is own ! *ief ( ,deities above1 ,& ?is ackn[l$ge by ! "n ( ,jove4 ,,xxvi4 ,! air1 accord+ to ! ,/oics1 :i* is betwe5 ! sea & ! heav51 is consecrat$ by ! "n ( ,juno1 & is call$ ! si/] & wife ( ,jove1 because x resembles ! sky1 & is 9 close conjunction ) x4 ,!y h made x fem99e1 because !re is no?+ s(t]4 ,b ,i believe x is call$ ,juno1 a juv&o 7f help+74 ,to make ?ree sep>ate k+doms1 by fable1 !re rema9$ yet ! wat] & ! e>?4 ,! dom9ion ( ! sea is giv51 !re=e1 to ,neptune1 a bro!r1 z he is call$1 ( ,jove2 ^: "n1 ,neptunus--z ,portunus1 a portu1 f a port--is d]iv$ a n&o 7f swimm+71 ! fir/ lett]s be+ a little *ang$4 ,! sov]eignty & p[] ov] ! e>? is ! portion ( a ,god1 to :om we1 z well z ! ,greeks1 h giv5 a "n t d5otes ri*es 79 ,lat91 ,dis2 9 ,greek1 ,greek3 ,pl\tn71 because all ?+s arise f ! e>? & return to x4 ,he =c$ away ,pros]p9e 79 ,greek call$ ,greek3 ,p]sephon71 by :i* ! poets mean ! se$ ( corn1 f :5ce comes _! fiction ( ,c]es1 ! "m ( ,pros]p9e1 seek+ = h] daught]1 :o 0 hidd5 f h]4 ,%e is call$ ,c]es1 :i* is ! same z ,g]es--a g]5dis frugibus#ade--;f be>+ fruit1 ! fir/ lett] ( ! ^w be+ alt]$ aft] ! mann] ( ! ,greeks1 = by !m %e is call$ ,greek3 ,dmtr1 ! same z ,greek3 ,gmtr4#adf ,aga91 he 7qui magna vort]et7 :o br+s ab\t mighty *anges is call$ ,mavors2 & ,m9]va is s call$ because 7m9u]et1 or m9>etur7 %e dim9i%es or m5aces4 ,,xxvii4 ,& z ! beg9n+s & end+s ( all ?+s are ( ! greate/ importance1 !re=e !y w\ld h _! sacrifices to beg9 ) ,janus4#adg ,8 "n is d]iv$ ab eundo1 f pass+2 f :5ce ?or\gh passages are call$ jani1 & ! outw>d doors ( common h\ses are call$ janu4 ,! "n ( ,ve/a is1 f ! ,greeks1 ! same ) _! ,greek3 ,he/ia4 ,h] prov9ce is ov] alt>s & he>?s2 & 9 ! "n ( ?is ,goddess1 :o is ! keep] ( all ?+s )91 pray]s & sacrifices are conclud$4 ,! ,dii ,p5ates1 h\sehold ,gods1 h "s aff9ity ) ?is p[]1 & are s call$ ei!r f p5us1 all k9d ( human provisions1 or because p5itus insid5t 7!y reside )971 f :i*1 by ! poets1 !y are call$ p5etrales also4 ,apollo1 a ,greek "n1 is call$ ,sol1 ! sun2 & ,diana1 ,luna1 ! moon4 ,! sun 7sol7 is s nam$ ei!r because he is solus 7alone71 s em95t above all ! />s2 or because he obscures all ! />s1 & appe>s alone z soon z he rises4 ,luna1 ! moon1 is s call$ a luc5do 7f %9+72 %e be>s ! "n also ( ,luc9a3 & z 9 ,greece ! wom5 9 labor invoke ,diana ,lucif]a1 s "h !y invoke ,juno ,luc9a4 ,%e is likewise call$ ,diana omnivaga1 n a v5&o 7f hunt+71 b because %e is reckon$ "o ( ! sev5 />s t seem to w&]4#adh ,%e is call$ ,diana because %e makes a k9d ( day ( ! night2#adi & presides ov] bir?s1 because ! deliv]y is effect$ sometimes 9 sev51 or at mo/ 9 n9e1 c\rses ( ! moon2 :i*1 because !y make m5sa spatia 7measur$ spaces71 are call$ m5ses 7mon?s74 ,?is occasion$ a pleasant obs]vation ( ,timu 7z he has _m74 ,hav+ said 9 8 hi/ory t ! same night 9 :i* ,alex&] 0 born1 ! temple ( ,diana at ,ephesus 0 burn$ d[n1 he adds1 ,x is n 9 ! lea/ to be wond]$ at1 because ,diana1 be+ will+ to assi/ at ! labor ( ,olympias1#aej 0 abs5t f home4 ,b to ?is ,goddess1 because ad res omnes v5iret--%e has an influ5ce ^u all ?+s--we h giv5 ! appellation ( ,v5us1#aea f :om ! ^w v5u/as 7beauty7 is r d]iv$ ?an ,v5us f v5u/as4 ,,xxviii4 ,d y n see1 !re=e1 h[1 f ! productions ( nature & ! useful inv5tions ( m51 h aris5 fictiti\s & imag9>y ,deities1 :i* h be5 ! f\ndation ( false op9ions1 p]nici\s errors1 & wret*$ sup]/itions8 ,= we "k h[ ! diff]5t =ms ( ! ,gods--_! ages1 app>el1 ornam5ts2 _! p$igrees1 m>riages1 relations1 & ev]y?+ belong+ to !m--are adapt$ to human weakness & repres5t$ ) our passions2 ) lu/1 sorr[1 & ang]1 accord+ to fabul\s hi/ory3 !y h _h w>s & combats1 n only1 z ,hom] relates1 :5 !y h int]e/$ !mselves 9 two diff]5t armies1 b :5 !y h f\ght battles 9 _! own def5ce aga9/ ! ,titans & giants4 ,^! /ories1 ( ! greate/ weakness & levity1 are relat$ & believ$ ) ! mo/ implicit folly4 ,b1 reject+ ^! fables ) contempt1 a ,deity is diffus$ 9 e "p ( nature2 9 e>? "u ! "n ( ,c]es1 9 ! sea "u ! "n ( ,neptune1 9 o!r p>ts "u o!r names4 ,yet :atev] !y are1 & :atev] *>act]s & dispositions !y h1 & :atev] "n cu/om has giv5 !m1 we are b\nd to wor%ip & adore !m4 ,! be/1 ! *a/e/1 ! mo/ sacr$ & pi\s wor%ip ( ! ,gods is to rev]5ce !m always ) a pure1 p]fect1 & unpollut$ m9d & voice2 = our ance/ors1 z well z ! philosoph]s1 h sep>at$ sup]/ition f religion4 ,!y :o pray$ :ole days & sacrific$1 t _! *ildr5 might survive !m 7ut sup]/ites ess5t71 7 call$ sup]/iti\s1 :i* ^w became aft]w>d m g5]al2 b !y :o dilig5tly p]us$1 &1 z we may say1 read or practis$ ov] aga91 all ! duties relat+ to ! wor%ip ( ! ,gods1 7 call$ religiosi--religi\s1 f releg5do--read+ ov] aga91 or practis+2 z elegantes1 elegant1 ex elig5do1 f *oos+1 mak+ a good *oice2 dilig5tes1 dilig5t1 ex dilig5do1 f att5d+ on :at we love2 intellig5tes1 intellig5t1 f und]/&+--= ! signification is d]iv$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,?us are ! words sup]/iti\s & religi\s und]/ood2 ! "o be+ a t]m ( reproa*1 ! o!r ( comm5dation4 ,i ?9k ,i h n[ suffici5tly demon/rat$ t !re are ,gods1 & :at !y are4 ,,xxix4 ,i am n[ to %[ t ! _w is gov]n$ by ! provid5ce ( ! ,gods4 ,?is is an important po9t1 :i* y ,academics endeavor to conf\nd2 &1 inde$1 ! :ole conte/ is ) y1 ,cotta2 = y\r sect1 ,velleius1 "k v little ( :at is said on diff]5t subjects by o!r s*ools4 ,y read & h a ta/e only = y\r own books1 & condemn all o!rs )\t exam9ation4 ,= in/ance1 :5 y m5tion$ ye/]day#aeb t prophetic old dame ,greek3 ,pronoia1 ,provid5ce1 inv5t$ by ! ,/oics1 y 7 l$ into t error by imag9+ t ,provid5ce 0 made by !m to be a p>ticul> ,deity t gov]ns ! :ole univ]se1 :]eas x is only spok5 9 a %ort mann]2 z :5 x is said ,! commonweal? ( ,a!ns is gov]n$ by ! c\ncil1 x is meant ( ! ,areopagus2#aec s :5 we say ,! _w is gov]n$ by provid5ce1 we mean by ! provid5ce ( ! ,gods4 ,to express ourselves1 !re=e1 m fully & cle>ly1 we say1 ,! _w is gov]n$ by ! provid5ce ( ! ,gods4 ,be n1 !re=e1 lavi% ( y\r raill]ies1 ( :i* y\r sect has little to sp>e3 if ,i may advise y1 d n attempt x4 ,x does n become y1 x is n y\r tal5t1 nor is x 9 y\r p[]4 ,?is is n appli$ to y 9 p>ticul> :o h ! education & polit5ess ( a ,roman1 b to all y\r sect 9 g5]al1 & especially to y\r lead]#aed--;a man unpoli%$1 illit]ate1 insult+1 )\t wit1 )\t reputation1 )\t elegance4 ,,xxx4 ,i ass]t1 !n1 t ! univ]se1 ) all its p>ts1 0 orig9ally con/itut$1 & has1 )\t any cessation1 be5 ev] gov]n$ by ! provid5ce ( ! ,gods4 ,?is argum5t we ,/oics commonly divide into ?ree p>ts2 ! fir/ ( :i* is1 t ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods be+ once kn[n1 x mu/ foll[ t ! _w is gov]n$ by _! wisdom2 ! second1 t z ev]y?+ is "u ! direction ( an intellig5t nature1 :i* has produc$ t beautiful ord] 9 ! _w1 x is evid5t t x is =m$ f animat+ pr9ciples2 ! ?ird is d$uc$ f ^? glori\s works :i* we behold 9 ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,fir/1 !n1 we mu/ ei!r d5y ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods 7z ,democritus & ,epicurus by _! doctr9e ( images 9 "s sort d71 or1 if we ackn[l$ge t !re are ,gods1 we mu/ believe !y are employ$1 & t1 too1 9 some?+ excell5t4 ,n[1 no?+ is s excell5t z ! adm9i/ration ( ! univ]se4 ,! univ]se1 !re=e1 is gov]n$ by ! wisdom ( ! ,gods4 ,o!rwise1 we mu/ imag9e t !re is "s cause sup]ior to ! ,deity1 :e!r x be a nature inanimate1 or a necessity agitat$ by a mighty =ce1 t produces ^? beautiful works :i* we behold4 ,! nature ( ! ,gods w\ld !n be nei!r supreme nor excell5t1 if y subject x to t necessity or to t nature1 by :i* y w\ld make ! heav51 ! e>?1 & ! seas to be gov]n$4 ,b !re is no?+ sup]ior to ! ,deity2 ! _w1 !re=e1 mu/ be gov]n$ by him3 consequ5tly1 ! ,deity is "u no ob$i5ce or subjection to nature1 b does himself rule ov] all nature4 ,9 effect1 if we all[ ! ,gods h und]/&+1 we all[ also _! provid5ce1 :i* reg>ds ! mo/ important ?+s2 =1 c !y be ignorant ( ^? important ?+s1 & h[ !y are to be conduct$ & pres]v$1 or d !y want p[] to su/a9 & direct !m8 ,ignorance is inconsi/5t ) ! nature ( ! ,gods1 & imbecility is repugnant to _! maje/y4 ,f :5ce x foll[s1 z we ass]t1 t ! _w is gov]n$ by ! provid5ce ( ! ,gods4 ,,xxxi4 ,b suppos+1 :i* is inconte/able1 t !re are ,gods1 !y mu/ be animat$1 & n only animat$1 b end[$ ) reason--unit$1 z we may say1 9 a civil agreem5t & society1 & gov]n+ toge!r "o univ]se1 z a republic or city4 ,?us ! same reason1 ! same v]ity1 ! same law1 :i* orda9s good & prohibits evil1 exi/s 9 ! ,gods z x does 9 m54 ,f !m1 consequ5tly1 we h prud5ce & und]/&+1 = :i* reason our ance/ors erect$ temples to ! ,m9d1 ,fai?1 ,virtue1 & ,concord4 ,%all we n !n all[ ! ,gods to h ^! p]fections1 s9ce we wor%ip ! sacr$ & augu/ images ( !m8 ,b if und]/&+1 fai?1 virtue1 & concord reside 9 human k9d1 h[ c\ld !y come on e>?1 unless f heav58 ,& if we are possess$ ( wisdom1 reason1 & prud5ce1 ! ,gods mu/ h ! same qualities 9 a great] degree2 & n only h !m1 b employ !m 9 ! be/ & greate/ works4 ,! univ]se is ! be/ & greate/ "w2 !re=e x mu/ be gov]n$ by ! wisdom & provid5ce ( ! ,gods4 ,la/ly1 z we h suffici5tly %[n t ^? glori\s & lum9\s bodies :i* we behold are ,deities--,i mean ! sun1 ! moon1 ! fix$ & w&]+ />s1 ! firmam5t1 & ! _w itself1 & ^? o!r ?+s also :i* h any s+ul> virtue1 & are ( any great utility to human k9d--x foll[s t all ?+s are gov]n$ by provid5ce & a div9e m9d4 ,b en\gh has be5 said on ! fir/ "p4 ,,xxxii4 ,x is n[ incumb5t on me to prove t all ?+s are subject$ to nature1 & mo/ beautifully direct$ by h]4 ,b1 fir/ ( all1 x is prop] to expla9 precisely :at t nature is1 9 ord] to come to ! m easy und]/&+ ( :at ,i w\ld demon/rate4 ,"s ?9k t nature is a c]ta9 irrational p[] excit+ 9 bodies ! necess>y motions4 ,o!rs1 t x is an intellig5t p[]1 act+ by ord] & me?od1 design+ "s end 9 e cause1 & always aim+ at t end1 ^: works express su* skill z no art1 no h&1 c imitate2 =1 !y say1 su* is ! virtue ( its se$1 t1 h[ev] small x is1 if x falls into a place prop] = its reception1 & meets ) matt] conducive to its n\ri%m5t & increase1 x =ms & produces ev]y?+ 9 its respective k9d2 ei!r vegetables1 :i* receive _! n\ri%m5t f _! roots2 or animals1 end[$ ) motion1 s5se1 appetite1 & abilities to beget _! lik5ess4 ,"s apply ! ^w nature to ev]y?+2 z ,epicurus does1 :o ackn[l$ges no cause1 b atoms1 a vacuum1 & _! accid5ts4 ,b :5 we#aee say t nature =ms & gov]ns ! _w1 we d n apply x to a clod ( e>?1 or piece ( /one1 or any?+ ( t sort1 ^: p>ts h n ! necess>y cohesion1#aef b to a tree1 9 :i* !re is n ! appe>ance ( *ance1 b ( ord] & a resemblance ( art4 ,,xxxiii4 ,b if ! art ( nature gives life & increase to vegetables1 )\t d\bt x supports ! e>? itself2 =1 be+ impregnat$ ) se$s1 %e produces e k9d ( vegetable1 & embrac+ _! roots1 %e n\ri%es & increases !m2 :ile1 9 h] turn1 %e receives h] n\ri%m5t f ! o!r elem5ts1 & by h] exhalations gives prop] su/5ance to ! air1 ! sky1 & all ! sup]ior bodies4 ,if nature gives vigor & support to ! e>?1 by ! same reason %e has an influ5ce ov] ! re/ ( ! _w2 = z ! e>? gives n\ri%m5t to vegetables1 s ! air is ! pres]vation ( animals4 ,! air sees ) u1 he>s ) u1 & utt]s s\nds ) u2 )\t x1 !re w\ld be no see+1 he>+1 or s\nd+4 ,x ev5 moves ) u2 = :]ev] we g1 :atev] motion we make1 x seems to retire & give place to u4 ,t :i* incl9es to ! c5tre1 t :i* rises f x to ! surface1 & t :i* rolls ab\t ! c5tre1 con/itute ! univ]sal _w1 & make "o entire nature2 & z !re are f\r sorts ( bodies1 ! cont9uance ( nature is caus$ by _! reciprocal *anges2 = ! wat] arises f ! e>?1 ! air f ! wat]1 & ! fire f ! air2 &1 rev]s+ ?is ord]1 ! air arises f fire1 ! wat] f ! air1 & f ! wat] ! e>?1 ! l[e/ ( ! f\r elem5ts1 ( :i* all be+s are =m$4 ,?us by _! cont9ual motions backw>d & =w>d1 upw>d & d[nw>d1 ! conjunction ( ! sev]al p>ts ( ! univ]se is pres]v$2 a union :i*1 9 ! beauty we n[ behold x1 mu/ be et]nal1 or at lea/ ( a v long duration1 & almo/ = an inf9ite space ( "t2 &1 :i*ev] x is1 ! univ]se mu/ ( consequ5ce be gov]n$ by nature4 ,= :at art ( navigat+ fleets1 or ( m>%all+ an army1 &--to in/ance ! produce ( nature--:at v9e1 :at tree1 :at animat$ =m & con=mation ( _! memb]s1 give u s great an indication ( skill z appe>s 9 ! univ]se8 ,!re=e we mu/ ei!r d5y t !re is ! lea/ trace ( an intellig5t nature1 or ackn[l$ge t ! _w is gov]n$ by x4 ,b s9ce ! univ]se conta9s all p>ticul> be+s1 z well z _! se$s1 c we say t x is n itself gov]n$ by nature8 ,t w\ld be ! same z say+ t ! tee? & ! be>d ( man are ! "w ( nature1 b t ! man himself is n4 ,?us ! effect w\ld be und]/ood to be great] ?an ! cause4 ,,xxxiv4 ,n[1 ! univ]se s[s1 z ,i may say1 plants1 produces1 raises1 n\ri%es1 & pres]ves :at nature adm9i/]s1 z memb]s & p>ts ( itself4 ,if nature1 !re=e1 gov]ns !m1 %e mu/ also gov]n ! univ]se4 ,&1 la/ly1 9 nature's adm9i/ration !re is no?+ faulty4 ,%e produc$ ! be/ possible effect out ( ^? elem5ts :i* exi/$4 ,let any "o %[ h[ x c\ld h be5 bett]4 ,b t c nev] be2 & :oev] attempts to m5d x w ei!r make x worse1 or aim at impossibilities4 ,b if all ! p>ts ( ! univ]se are s con/itut$ t no?+ c\ld be bett] = use or beauty1 let u consid] :e!r ?is is ! effect ( *ance1 or :e!r1 9 su* a /ate !y c\ld possibly coh]e1 b by ! direction ( wisdom & div9e provid5ce4 ,nature1 !re=e1 _c be void ( reason1 if art c br+ no?+ to p]fection )\t x1 & if ! works ( nature exce$ ^? ( art4 ,h[ is x consi/5t ) common-s5se t :5 y view an image or a picture1 y imag9e x is wr\ght by art2 :5 y behold af> (f a %ip "u sail1 y judge x is /e]$ by reason & art2 :5 y see a dial or wat]-clock1#aeg y believe ! h\rs are %[n by art1 & n by *ance2 & yet t y %\ld imag9e t ! univ]se1 :i* conta9s all arts & ! artific]s1 c be void ( reason & und]/&+8 ,b if t sph]e :i* 0 lately made by our fri5d ,posidonius1 ! regul> revolutions ( :i* %[ ! c\rse ( ! sun1 moon1 & five w&]+ />s1 z x is e day & night p]=m$1 7 c>ri$ into ,scy?ia or ,brita91 :o1 9 ^? b>b>\s c\ntries1 w\ld d\bt t t sph]e _h be5 made s p]fect by ! ex]tion ( reason8 ,,xxxv4 ,yet ^! p#aeh d\bt :e!r ! univ]se1 f :5ce all ?+s arise & are made1 is n ! effect ( *ance1 or "s necessity1 r ?an ! "w ( reason & a div9e m9d4 ,accord+ to !m1 ,ar*im$es %[s m k 9 repres5t+ ! motions ( ! cele/ial globe ?an nature does 9 caus+ !m1 ?\gh ! copy is s inf9itely b5ea? ! orig9al4 ,! %eph]d 9 ,attius1#aei :o _h nev] se5 a %ip1 :5 he p]ceiv$ f a m\nta9 af> (f ! div9e vessel ( ! ,argonauts1 surpris$ & fright$ at ?is new object1 express$ himself 9 ?is mann]3 ,:at horrid bulk is t be=e my eyes1 ,:i* o'er ! deep ) noise & vigor flies8 ,x turns ! :irlpools up1 its =ce s /rong1 ,& drives ! bill[s z x rolls along4 ,! ocean's viol5ce x fi]cely braves2 ,runs furi\s on1 & ?r[s ab\t ! waves4 ,swiftly impetu\s 9 its c\rse1 & l\d1 ,l ! dire bur/+ ( a %['ry cl\d2 ,or1 l a rock1 =c$ by ! w9ds & ra91 ,n[ :irl'd al(t1 !n plung$ into ! ma94 ,b hold6 p]haps ! ,e>? & ,neptune j>1 ,& fi]cely wage an elem5tal w>2 ,or ,triton ) 8 trid5t has o'er?r[n ,8 d51 & loos5'd f ! roots ! /one2 ,! rocky fragm5t1 f ! bottom torn1 ,is lift$ up1 & on ! surface borne4 ,at fir/ he is 9 susp5se at ! sight ( ?is unkn[n object2 b on see+ ! "y m>9]s1 & he>+ _! s++1 he says1 ,l sportive dolph9s1 ) _! sn\ts !y ro>2#afj & aft]w>d goes on1 ,l\d 9 my e>s me?9ks _! voices r+1 ,z if ,i he>d ! ,god ,sylvanus s+4 ,z at fir/ view ! %eph]d ?9ks he sees some?+ inanimate & ins5sible1 b aft]w>d1 judg+ by m tru/wor?y indications1 he beg9s to figure to himself :at x is2 s philosoph]s1 if !y are surpris$ at fir/ at ! sight ( ! univ]se1 ought1 :5 !y h consid]$ ! regul>1 uni=m1 & immutable motions ( x1 to conceive t !re is "s ,be+ t is n only an inhabitant ( ?is cele/ial & div9e mansion1 b a rul] & a gov]nor1 z ar*itect ( ?is mighty fabric4 ,,xxxvi4 ,n[1 9 my op9ion1 !y#afa d n seem to h ev5 ! lea/ suspicion t ! heav5s & e>? af=d any?+ m>vell\s4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! e>? is situat$ 9 ! middle "p ( ! univ]se1 & is surr\nd$ on all sides by ! air1 :i* we brea!1 & :i* is call$ a]1#afb :i*1 inde$1 is a ,greek ^w2 b by con/ant use x is well und]/ood by our c\ntrym51 =1 inde$1 x is employ$ z a ,lat9 ^w4 ,! air is encompass$ by ! b\ndless e!r 7sky71 :i* consi/s ( ! fires above4 ,?is ^w we borr[ also1 = we use !r 9 ,lat9 z well z a]2 ?\gh ,pacuvius ?us expresses x1 --,?is1 ( :i* ,i speak1 ,9 ,lat9's coelum1 !r call'd 9 ,greek4 ,z ?\gh he 7 n a ,greek into ^: m\? he puts ?is s5t5ce2 b he is speak+ 9 ,lat91 ?\gh we li/5 z if he 7 speak+ ,greek2 =1 z he says else:]e1 ,8 spee* discov]s him a ,grecian born4 ,b to return to m important matt]s4 ,9 ! sky innum]able fi]y />s exi/1 ( :i* ! sun is ! *ief1 enlight5+ all ) 8 refulg5t spl5dor1 & be+ by _m degrees l>g] ?an ! :ole e>?2 & ?is multitude ( va/ fires are s f> f hurt+ ! e>?1 & ?+s t]re/rial1 t !y are ( b5efit to !m2 :]eas1 if !y 7 mov$ f _! /ations1 we %\ld inevitably be burn$ ?r\gh ! want ( a prop] mod]ation & temp]ature ( heat4 ,,xxxvii4 ,is x possible = any man to behold ^! ?+s1 & yet imag9e t c]ta9 solid & individual bodies move by _! natural =ce & gravitation1 & t a _w s beautifully adorn$ 0 made by _! =tuit\s conc\rse8 ,he :o believes ?is may z well believe t if a great quantity ( ! "o-&-tw5ty lett]s1 compos$ ei!r ( gold or any o!r matt]1 7 ?r[n ^u ! gr\nd1 !y w\ld fall into su* ord] z legibly to =m ! ,annals ( ,ennius4 ,i d\bt :e!r =tune c\ld make a s+le v]se ( !m4 ,h[1 !re=e1 c ^! p ass]t t ! _w 0 made by ! =tuit\s conc\rse ( atoms1 :i* h no color1 no quality--:i* ! ,greeks call ,greek3 poiots1 no s5se8 or t !re are innum]able worlds1 "s ris+ & "s p]i%+1 9 e mom5t ( "t8 ,b if a conc\rse ( atoms c make a _w1 :y n a por*1 a temple1 a h\se1 a city1 :i* are works ( less labor & difficulty8 ,c]ta9ly ^? m5 talk s idly & inconsid]ately conc]n+ ?is l[] _w t !y appe> to me nev] to h contemplat$ ! wond]ful magnific5ce ( ! heav5s2 :i* is ! next topic = our consid]ation4 ,well1 !n1 did ,ari/otle#afc obs]ve3 ,if !re 7 m5 ^: habitations _h be5 always und]gr\nd1 9 great & commodi\s h\ses1 adorn$ ) /atues & pictures1 furni%$ ) ev]y?+ :i* !y :o are reput$ happy ab\nd )2 & if1 )\t /irr+ f !nce1 !y %\ld be in=m$ ( a c]ta9 div9e p[] & maje/y1 &1 aft] "s "t1 ! e>? %\ld op51 & !y %\ld quit _! d>k abode to come to u1 :]e !y %\ld imm$iately behold ! e>?1 ! seas1 ! heav5s2 %\ld consid] ! va/ ext5t ( ! cl\ds & =ce ( ! w9ds2 %\ld see ! sun1 & obs]ve 8 gr&eur & beauty1 & also 8 g5]ative p[]1 inasmu* z day is occasion$ by ! diffusion ( 8 light ?r\gh ! sky2 & :5 night has obscur$ ! e>?1 !y %\ld contemplate ! heav5s bespangl$ & adorn$ ) />s1 ! surpris+ v>iety ( ! moon 9 h] increase & wane1 ! ris+ & sett+ ( all ! />s1 & ! inviolable regul>ity ( _! c\rses2 :51 says he1 !y %\ld see ^! ?+s1 !y w\ld und\bt$ly conclude t !re are ,gods1 & t ^! are _! mighty works4 ,,xxxviii4 ,?us f> ,ari/otle4 ,let u imag9e1 also1 z great d>kness z 0 =m]ly occasion$ by ! irruption ( ! fires ( ,m\nt tna1 :i* are said to h obscur$ ! adjac5t c\ntries = two days to su* a degree t no man c\ld recognize 8 fell[2 b on ! ?ird1 :5 ! sun appe>$1 !y seem$ to be ris5 f ! dead4 ,n[1 if we %\ld be sudd5ly br\ght f a /ate ( et]nal d>kness to see ! light1 h[ beautiful w\ld ! heav5s seem6 ,b our m9ds h become us$ to x f ! daily practice & habituation ( our eyes1 nor d we take ! tr\ble to se>* into ! pr9ciples ( :at is always 9 view2 z if ! novelty1 r ?an ! importance1 ( ?+s ought to excite u to inve/igate _! causes4 ,is he wor?y to be call$ a man :o attributes to *ance1 n to an intellig5t cause1 ! con/ant motion ( ! heav5s1 ! regul> c\rses ( ! />s1 ! agreeable proportion & connection ( all ?+s1 conduct$ ) s mu* reason t our intellect itself is unable to e/imate x rightly8 ,:5 we see ma*9es move artificially1 z a sph]e1 a clock1 or ! l1 d we d\bt :e!r !y are ! productions ( reason8 ,& :5 we behold ! heav5s mov+ ) a prodigi\s cel]ity1 & caus+ an annual succession ( ! diff]5t seasons ( ! ye>1 :i* vivify & pres]ve all ?+s1 c we d\bt t ?is _w is direct$1 ,i w n say only by reason1 b by reason mo/ excell5t & div9e8 ,= )\t tr\bl+ ourselves ) too ref9$ a subtlety ( discussion1 we may use our eyes to contemplate ! beauty ( ^? ?+s :i* we ass]t h be5 arrang$ by div9e provid5ce4 ,,xxxix4 ,fir/1 let u exam9e ! e>?1 ^: situation is 9 ! middle ( ! univ]se1#afd solid1 r\nd1 & conglobul> by its natural t5d5cy2 clo!d ) fl[]s1 h]bs1 trees1 & fruits2 ! :ole 9 multitudes incr$ible1 & ) a v>iety suitable to e ta/e3 let u consid] ! ev]-cool & runn+ spr+s1 ! cle> wat]s ( ! riv]s1 ! v]dure ( _! banks1 ! holl[ dep?s ( caves1 ! cragg9ess ( rocks1 ! heights ( imp5d+ m\nta9s1 & ! b\ndless ext5t ( pla9s1 ! hidd5 ve9s ( gold & silv]1 & ! inf9ite qu>ries ( m>ble4 ,:at & h[ v>i\s are ! k9ds ( animals1 tame or wild8 ,! flights & notes ( birds8 ,h[ d ! bea/s live 9 ! fields & 9 ! =e/s8 ,:at %all ,i say ( m51 :o1 be+ appo9t$1 z we may say1 to cultivate ! e>?1 d n suff] its f]tility to be *ok$ ) we$s1 nor ! f]ocity ( bea/s to make x desolate2 :o1 by ! h\ses & cities :i* !y build1 adorn ! fields1 ! isles1 & ! %ores8 ,if we c\ld view ^! objects ) ! nak$ eye1 z we c by ! contemplation ( ! m9d1 nobody1 at su* a sight1 w\ld d\bt !re 0 a div9e intellig5ce4 ,b h[ beautiful is ! sea6 ,h[ pleasant to see ! ext5t ( x6 ,:at a multitude & v>iety ( isl&s6 ,h[ delightful are ! coa/s6 ,:at numb]s & :at div]sity ( inhabitants does x conta92 "s )9 ! bosom ( x1 "s float+ on ! surface1 & o!rs by _! %ells cleav+ to ! rocks6 ,:ile ! sea itself1 approa*+ to ! l&1 sports s closely to its %ores t ^? two elem5ts appe> to be b "o4 ,next above ! sea is ! air1 div]sifi$ by day & night3 :5 r>efi$1 x possesses ! high] region2 :5 cond5s$1 x turns into cl\ds1 & ) ! wat]s :i* x ga!rs enri*es ! e>? by ! ra94 ,its agitation produces ! w9ds4 ,x causes heat & cold accord+ to ! diff]5t seasons4 ,x su/a9s birds 9 _! flight2 &1 be+ inhal$1 n\ri%es & pres]ves all animat$ be+s4 ,,xl4 ,add to ^!1 :i* alone rema9e? to be m5tion$1 ! firmam5t ( heav51 a region ! f>!/ f our abodes1 :i* surr\nds & conta9s all ?+s4 ,x is likewise call$ e!r1 or sky1 ! extreme b\nds & limits ( ! univ]se1 9 :i* ! />s p]=m _! appo9t$ c\rses 9 a mo/ wond]ful mann]2 among :i*1 ! sun1 ^: magnitude f> surpasses ! e>?1 makes 8 revolution r\nd x1 & by 8 ris+ & sett+ causes day & night2 sometimes com+ ne> t[>ds ! e>?1 & sometimes go+ f x1 he e ye> makes two contr>y rev]sions#afe f ! extreme po9t ( its c\rse4 ,9 8 retreat ! e>? seems lock$ up 9 sadness2 9 8 return x appe>s exhil>at$ ) ! heav5s4 ,! moon1 :i*1 z ma!maticians demon/rate1 is bigg] ?an half ! e>?1 makes h] revolutions ?r\gh ! same spaces#aff z ! sun2 b at "o "t approa*+1 & at ano!r rec$+ f1 ! sun1 %e diffuses ! light :i* %e has borr[$ f him ov] ! :ole e>?1 & has h]self also _m v>i\s *anges 9 h] appe>ance4 ,:5 %e is f\nd "u ! sun1 & opposite to x1 ! brightness ( h] rays is lo/2 b :5 ! e>? directly int]poses betwe5 ! moon & sun1 ! moon is totally eclips$4 ,! o!r w&]+ />s h _! c\rses r\nd ! e>? 9 ! same spaces1#afg & rise & set 9 ! same mann]2 _! motions are sometimes quick1 sometimes sl[1 & (t5 !y /& /ill4 ,!re is no?+ m wond]ful1 no?+ m beautiful4 ,!re is a va/ numb] ( fix$ />s1 di/+ui%$ by ! names ( c]ta9 figures1 to :i* we f9d !y h "s resemblance4 ,,xli4 ,i w "h1 says ,balbus1 look+ at me1 make use ( ! v]ses :i*1 :5 y 7 "y1 y translat$ f ,aratus1#afh & :i*1 because !y are 9 ,lat91 gave me s mu* delight t ,i h _m ( !m /ill 9 my memory4 ,z !n1 we daily see1 )\t any *ange or v>iation1 --! re/#afi ,swiftly pursue ! c\rse to :i* !y're b\nd2 ,& ) ! heav5s ! days & nights g r\nd2 ! contemplation ( :i*1 to a m9d desir\s ( obs]v+ ! con/ancy ( nature1 is inexhau/ible4 ,! extreme top ( ei!r po9t is call'd ,! pole4#agj ,ab\t ?is ! two ,greek3 ,arktoi are turn$1 :i* nev] set2 ,( ^!1 ! ,greeks "o ,cynosura call1 ,! o!r ,helice4#aga ,! brighte/ />s1#agb inde$1 ( ,helice are disc]nible all night1 ,:i* are by u ,sept5triones call'd4 ,cynosura moves ab\t ! same pole1 ) a l numb] ( />s1 & rang$ 9 ! same ord]3 ,?is#agc ! ,pho5icians *oose to make _! guide ,:5 on ! ocean 9 ! night !y ride4 ,adorn$ ) />s ( m refulg5t light1 ,! o!r#agd %9es1 & fir/ appe>s at night4 ,?\gh ?is is small1 sailors its use h f\nd2 ,m inw>d is its c\rse1 & %ort its r\nd4 ,,xlii4 ,! aspect ( ^? />s is ! m admirable1 because1 ,! ,dragon grim betwe5 !m b5ds 8 way1 ,z ?r\gh ! w9d+ banks ! curr5ts /ray1 ,& up & d[n 9 s9u\s b5d+ rolls4#age ,8 :ole =m is excell5t2 b ! %ape ( 8 head & ! ardor ( 8 eyes are mo/ rem>kable4 ,v>i\s ! />s :i* deck 8 glitt]+ head2 ,8 temples are ) d\ble glory spread2 ,f 8 fi]ce eyes two f]vid lights af> ,fla%1 & 8 *9 %9es ) "o radiant />2 ,b['d is 8 head2 & 8 r\nd neck he b5ds1 ,& to ! tail ( ,helice#agf ext5ds4 ,! re/ ( ! ,dragon's body we see#agg at e h\r 9 ! night4 ,"h#agh sudd5ly ! head a little hides ,itself1 :]e all its p>ts1 :i* are 9 sight1 ,& ^? unse5 9 ! same place unite4 ,ne> to ?is head ,is plac$ ! figure ( a man t moves ,we>y & sad1 :i* ! ,greeks ,engonasis d call1 because he's borne#agi ,ab\t ) b5d$ knee4 ,ne> him is plac$ ,! cr[n ) a refulg5t lu/re grac$4 ,?is inde$ is at 8 back2 b ,anguit55s 7! ,snake-hold]7 is ne> 8 head3#ahj ,! ,greeks him ,ophiu*us call1 r5[n'd ,! "n4 ,he /rongly grasps ! s]p5t r\nd ,) bo? 8 h&s2 himself ! s]p5t folds ,b5ea? 8 brea/1 & r\nd 8 middle holds2 ,yet gravely he1 bright %9+ 9 ! skies1 ,moves on1 & treads on ,nepa's#aha brea/ & eyes4 ,! ,sept5triones#ahb are foll[$ by-- ,arctophylax1#ahc t's said to be ! same ,:i* we ,botes call1 :o has ! "n1 ,because he drives ! ,great] ,be> along ,yok$ to a wa94 ,besides1 9 ,botes1 ,a /> ( glitt]+ rays ab\t 8 wai/1 ,arcturus call$1 a "n r5[n'd1 is plac$4#ahd ,b5ea? :i* is ,! ,virg9 ( illu/ri\s =m1 ^: h& ,holds a bright spike4 ,,xliii4 ,& truly ^! signs are s regul>ly dispos$ t a div9e wisdom evid5tly appe>s 9 !m3 ,b5ea? ! ,be>'s#ahe head h ! ,tw9s _! seat1 ,"u 8 *e/ ! ,crab1 b5ea? 8 feet ,! mighty ,lion d>ts a trembl+ flame4#ahf ,! ,*>iote] ,on ! left side ( ,gem9i we see1#ahg ,& at 8 head behold fi]ce ,helice2 ,on 8 left %\ld] ! bright ,goat appe>s4 ,b to proce$-- ,?is is inde$ a great & glori\s />1 ,on ?' o!r side ! ,kids1 inf]ior f>1 ,yield b a sl5d] light to mortal eyes4 ,"u 8 feet ,! horn$ bull1#ahh ) /urdy limbs1 is plac$3 8 head is spangl$ ) a numb] ( />s2 ,^! by ! ,greeks are call$ ! ,hyades1 f ra9+2 = ,greek3 hye9 is to ra93 !re=e !y are injudici\sly call$ ,sucul by our p1 z if !y _h _! "n f ,greek3 hys1 a s[1 & n f ,greek3 hy4 ,beh9d ! ,less] ,be>1 ,cepheus#ahi foll[s ) ext5d$ h&s1 ,= close beh9d ! ,less] ,be> he comes4 ,be=e him goes ,cassiopea#aij ) a fa9ti% light2 ,b ne> h] moves 7fair & illu/ri\s sight67 ,&rom$a1#aia :o1 ) an eag] pace1 ,seems to avoid h] p>5t's m\rnful face4#aib ,) glitt]+ mane ! ,horse#aic n[ seems to tread1 ,s ne> he comes1 on h] refulg5t head2 ,) a fair />1 t close to him appe>s1 ,a d\ble =m#aid & b "o light he we>s2 ,by :i* he seems ambiti\s 9 ! sky ,an ev]la/+ knot ( />s to tie4 ,ne> him ! ,ram1 ) wrea!d horns1 is plac$2 by :om ,! ,fi%es#aie are2 ( :i* "o seems to ha/e ,some:at be=e ! o!r1 to ! bla/ ,( ! nor? w9d expos$4 ,,xliv4 ,p]seus is describ$ z plac$ at ! feet ( ,&rom$a3 ,& him ! %>p bla/s ( ! nor? w9d beat4 ,ne> 8 left knee1 b dim _! light1 _! seat ,! small ,pleiades#aif ma9ta94 ,we f9d1 ,n f> f !m1 ! ,lyre#aig b slightly jo9'd4 ,next is ! w+$ ,bird1#aih t seems to fly ,b5ea? ! spaci\s cov]+ ( ! sky4 ,ne> ! head ( ! ,horse#aii lies ! "r h& ( ,aqu>ius1 !n all ,aqu>ius himself4#bjj ,!n ,capricorn1 ) half ! =m ( bea/1 ,brea!s *ill & pi]c+ colds f 8 /rong brea/1 ,& 9 a spaci\s circle takes 8 r\nd2 ,:5 him1 :ile 9 ! w9t] sol/ice b\nd1 ,! sun has visit$ ) con/ant light1 ,he turns 8 c\rse1 & %ort] makes ! night4#bja ,n f> f h5ce is se5 ,! ,scorpion#bjb ris+ l(ty f bel[2 ,by him ! ,ar*]1#bjc ) 8 b5d$ b[2 ,ne> him ! ,bird1 ) gaudy fea!rs spread2 ,& ! fi]ce ,eagle#bjd hov]s o'er 8 head4 ,next comes ! ,dolph92#bje ,!n bright ,orion1#bjf :o obliquely moves2 he is foll[$ by ,! f]v5t ,dog1#bjg bright ) refulg5t />s3 next ! ,h>e foll[s#bjh ,unwe>i$ 9 8 c\rse4 ,at ! ,dog's tail ,argo#bji moves on1 & mov+ seems to sail2 ,o'er h] ! ,ram & ,fi%es h _! place2#baj ,! illu/ri\s vessel t\*es1 9 h] pace1 ,! riv]'s banks2#baa :i* y may see w9d+ & ext5d+ itself to a great l5g?4 ,! ,fett]s#bab at ! ,fi%es' tails are hung4 ,by ,nepa's#bac head behold ! ,alt> /&1#bad ,:i* by ! brea? ( s\!rn w9ds is fann'd2 ne> :i* ! ,c5taur#bae ,ha/5s 8 m+l$ p>ts to jo9 b5ea? ,! ,s]p5t1#baf !re ext5d+ 8 "r h&1 ,to :]e y see ! mon/r\s ,scorpion /&1 ,:i* he at ! bright ,alt> fi]cely slays4 ,"h on h] l[] p>ts see ,hydra#bag raise ,h]self2 ^: bulk is v f> ext5d$4 ,amid ! w9d+ ( h] body's plac$ ,! %9+ ,goblet2#bah & ! glossy ,cr[#bai ,plunges 8 beak into h] p>ts bel[4 ,antecanis b5ea? ! ,tw9s is se51 ,call'd ,procyon by ! ,greeks4#bbj ,c any "o 9 8 s5ses imag9e t ?is disposition ( ! />s1 & ?is heav5 s beautifully adorn$1 c\ld ev] h be5 =m$ by a =tuit\s conc\rse ( atoms8 ,or :at o!r nature1 be+ de/itute ( intellect & reason1 c\ld possibly h produc$ ^! effects1 :i* n only requir$ reason to br+ !m ab\t1 b ! v "* ( :i* c\ld n be und]/ood & appreciat$ )\t ! mo/ /r5u\s ex]tions ( well-direct$ reason8 ,,xlv4 ,b our admiration is n limit$ to ! objects "h describ$4 ,:at is mo/ wond]ful is t ! _w is s durable1 & s p]fectly made = la/+ t x is n to be impair$ by "t2 = all its p>ts t5d equally to ! c5tre1 & are b\nd toge!r by a sort ( *a91 :i* surr\nds ! elem5ts4 ,?is *a9 is nature1 :i* be+ diffus$ ?r\gh ! univ]se1 & p]=m+ all ?+s ) judgm5t & reason1 attracts ! extremities to ! c5tre4 ,if1 !n1 ! _w is r\nd1 & if on t acc\nt all its p>ts1 be+ ( equal dim5sions & relative proportions1 mutually support & are support$ by "o ano!r1 x mu/ foll[ t z all ! p>ts incl9e to ! c5tre 7= t is ! l[e/ place ( a globe7 !re is no?+ :atev] :i* c put a /op to t prop5sity 9 ! case ( su* great weights4 ,= ! same reason1 ?\gh ! sea is high] ?an ! e>?1 yet because x has ! l t5d5cy1 x is collect$ ev]y:]e1 equally conc5tres1 & nev] ov]fl[s1 & is nev] wa/$4 ,! air1 :i* is contigu\s1 asc5ds by its lightness1 b diffuses itself ?r\gh ! :ole2 !re=e x is by nature jo9$ & unit$ to ! sea1 & at ! same "t borne by ! same p[] t[>ds ! heav51 by ! ?9ness & heat ( :i* x is s temp]$ z to be made prop] to supply life & :olesome air = ! support ( animat$ be+s4 ,?is is encompass$ by ! highe/ region ( ! heav5s1 :i* is call$ ! sky1 :i* is jo9$ to ! extremity ( ! air1 b reta9s its own heat pure & unmix$4 ,,xlvi4 ,! />s h _! revolutions 9 ! sky1 & are cont9u$ by ! t5d5cy ( all p>ts t[>ds ! c5tre4 ,_! duration is p]petuat$ by _! =m & figure1 = !y are r\nd2 :i* =m1 z ,i ?9k has be5 be=e obs]v$1 is ! lea/ liable to injury2 & z !y are compos$ ( fire1 !y are f$ by ! vapors :i* are exhal$ by ! sun f ! e>?1 ! sea1 & o!r wat]s2 b :5 ^! vapors h n\ri%$ & refre%$ ! />s1 & ! :ole sky1 !y are s5t back to be exhal$ aga92 s t v little is lo/ or consum$ by ! fire ( ! />s & ! flame ( ! sky4 ,h5ce we ,/oics conclude--:i* ,pantius#bba is said to h d\bt$ (--t ! :ole _w at la/ w\ld be consum$ by a g5]al conflagration1 :51 all moi/ure be+ exhau/$1 nei!r ! e>? c\ld h any n\ri%m5t1 nor ! air return aga91 s9ce wat]1 ( :i* x is =m$1 w\ld !n be all consum$2 s t only fire w\ld subsi/2 & f ?is fire1 :i* is an animat+ p[] & a ,deity1 a new _w w\ld arise & be re-e/abli%$ 9 ! same beauty4 ,i %\ld be sorry to appe> to y to dwell too long ^u ?is subject ( ! />s1 & m especially ^u t ( ! planets1 ^: motions1 ?\gh diff]5t1 make a v j agreem5t4 ,saturn1 ! highe/1 *ills2 ,m>s1 plac$ 9 ! middle1 burns2 :ile ,jupit]1 int]pos+1 mod]ates _! excess1 bo? ( light & heat4 ,! two planets b5ea? ,m>s#bbb obey ! sun4 ,! sun himself fills ! :ole univ]se ) 8 own g5ial light2 & ! moon1 illum9at$ by him1 influ5ces conception1 bir?1 & maturity4 ,& :o is !re :o is n mov$ by ?is union ( ?+s1 & by ?is concurr5ce ( nature agree+ toge!r1 z x 71 = ! safety ( ! _w8 ,& yet ,i feel sure t none ( ^! reflections h ev] be5 made by ^! m54 ,,xlvii4 ,let u proce$ f cele/ial to t]re/rial ?+s4 ,:at is !re 9 !m :i* does n prove ! pr9ciple ( an intellig5t nature8 ,fir/1 z to vegetables2 !y h roots to su/a9 _! /ems1 & to draw f ! e>? a n\ri%+ moi/ure to support ! vital pr9ciple :i* ^? roots conta94 ,!y are clo!d ) a r9d or b>k1 to secure !m m ?or\ghly f heat & cold4 ,! v9es we see take hold on props ) _! t5drils1 z if ) h&s1 & raise !mselves z if !y 7 animat$2 x is ev5 said t !y %un cabbages & coleworts1 z noxi\s & pe/il5tial to !m1 &1 if plant$ by !m1 w n t\* any "p4 ,b :at a va/ v>iety is !re ( animals6 & h[ wond]fully is e k9d adapt$ to pres]ve itself6 ,"s are cov]$ ) hides1 "s clo!d ) fleeces1 & "s gu>d$ ) bri/les2 "s are %elt]$ ) fea!rs1 "s ) scales2 "s are arm$ ) horns1 & "s are furni%$ ) w+s to escape f dang]4 ,nature ha? also lib]ally & pl5tifully provid$ = all animals _! prop] food4 ,i c\ld expatiate on ! judici\s & curi\s =mation & disposition ( _! bodies = ! reception & dige/ion ( x1 = all _! int]ior p>ts are s fram$ & dispos$ t !re is no?+ sup]flu\s1 no?+ t is n necess>y = ! pres]vation ( life4 ,besides1 nature has also giv5 ^! bea/s appetite & s5se2 9 ord] t by ! "o !y may be excit$ to procure suffici5t su/5ance1 & by ! o!r !y may di/+ui% :at is noxi\s f :at is salut>y4 ,"s animals seek _! food walk+1 "s creep+1 "s fly+1 & "s swimm+2 "s take x ) _! m\? & tee?2 "s seize x ) _! claws1 & "s ) _! beaks2 "s suck1 "s graze1 "s bolt x :ole1 & "s *ew x4 ,"s are s l[ t !y c ) ease take su* food z is to be f\nd on ! gr\nd2 b ! tall]1 z geese1 swans1 cranes1 & camels1 are assi/$ by a l5g? ( neck4 ,to ! elephant is giv5 a h&1#bbc )\t :i*1 f 8 unwield9ess ( body1 he w\ld sc>ce h any means ( atta9+ food4 ,,xlviii4 ,b to ^? bea/s :i* live by prey+ on o!rs1 nature has giv5 ei!r /r5g? or swiftness4 ,on "s animals %e has ev5 be/[$ artifice & cunn+2 z on spid]s1 "s ( :i* weave a sort ( net to entrap & de/roy :atev] falls into x1 o!rs sit on ! wat* unobs]v$ to fall on _! prey & dev\r x4 ,! nak]--by ! ,greeks call$ ,p9na--has a k9d ( conf$]acy ) ! prawn = procur+ food4 ,x has two l>ge %ells op51 into :i* :5 ! little fi%es swim1 ! nak]1 hav+ notice giv5 by ! bite ( ! prawn1 closes !m imm$iately4 ,?us1 ^! little animals1 ?\gh ( diff]5t k9ds1 seek _! food 9 common2 9 :i* x is matt] ( wond] :e!r !y associate by any agreem5t1 or are naturally jo9$ toge!r f _! beg9n+4 ,!re is "s cause to admire also ! provision ( nature 9 ! case ( ^? aquatic animals :i* are g5]at$ on l&1 su* z crocodiles1 riv]-tortoises1 & a c]ta9 k9d ( s]p5ts1 :i* seek ! wat] z soon z !y are able to drag !mselves along4 ,we frequ5tly put duck-eggs "u h5s1 by :i*1 z by _! true mo!rs1 ! duckl+s are at fir/ hat*$ & n\ri%$2 b :5 !y see ! wat]1 !y =sake !m & run to x1 z to _! natural abode3 s /rong is ! impression ( nature 9 animals = _! own pres]vation4 ,,xlix4 ,i h read t !re is a bird call$ ,platalea 7! %ovell]71 t lives by wat*+ ^? f[ls :i* dive into ! sea = _! prey1 & :5 !y return ) x1 he squeezes _! heads ) 8 beak till !y drop x1 & !n seizes on x himself4 ,x is said likewise t he is 9 ! habit ( fill+ 8 /oma* ) %ell-fi%1 & :5 !y are dige/$ by ! heat :i* exi/s 9 ! /oma*1 !y ca/ !m up1 & !n pick out :at is prop] n\ri%m5t4 ,! sea-frogs1 !y say1 are wont to cov] !mselves ) s&1 & mov+ ne> ! wat]1 ! fi%es /rike at !m1 z at a bait1 & are !mselves tak5 & dev\r$ by ! frogs4 ,betwe5 ! kite & ! cr[ !re is a k9d ( natural w>1 & :]ev] ! "o f9ds ! eggs ( ! o!r1 he breaks !m4 ,b :o is !re :o c avoid be+ /ruck ) wond] at t :i* has be5 notic$ by ,ari/otle1 :o has enri*$ u ) s _m valuable rem>ks8 ,:5 ! cranes#bbd pass ! sea 9 se>* ( w>m] climes1 !y fly 9 ! =m ( a triangle4 ,by ! fir/ angle !y repel ! resi/+ air2 on ea* side1 _! w+s s]ve z o>s to facilitate _! flight2 & ! basis ( _! triangle is assi/$ by ! w9d 9 _! /]n4 ,^? :i* are beh9d re/ _! necks & heads on ^? :i* prec$e2 & z ! lead] has n ! same relief1 because he has none to lean ^u1 he at l5g? flies beh9d t he may also re/1 :ile "o ( ^? :i* h be5 eas$ succe$s him1 & ?r\gh ! :ole flight ea* regul>ly takes 8 turn4 ,i c\ld produce _m in/ances ( ?is k9d2 b ^! may suffice4 ,let u n[ proce$ to ?+s m famili> to u4 ,! c>e ( bea/s = _! own pres]vation1 _! circumspection :ile fe$+1 & _! mann] ( tak+ re/ 9 _! lairs1 are g5]ally kn[n1 b /ill !y are greatly to be admir$4 ,l4 ,dogs cure !mselves by a vomit1 ! ,egyptian ibis by a purge2 f :5ce physicians h lately--,i mean b few ages s9ce--greatly improv$ _! art4 ,x is report$ t pan!rs1 :i* 9 b>b>\s c\ntries are tak5 ) poison$ fle%1 h a c]ta9 rem$y#bbe t pres]ves !m f dy+2 & t 9 ,crete1 ! wild goats1 :5 !y are w\nd$ ) poison$ arr[s1 seek = an h]b call$ dittany1 :i*1 :5 !y h ta/$1 ! arr[s 7!y say7 drop f _! bodies4 ,x is said also t de]1 be=e !y fawn1 purge !mselves ) a little h]b call$ h>tswort4#bbf ,bea/s1 :5 !y receive any hurt1 or fe> x1 h rec\rse to _! natural arms3 ! bull to 8 horns1 ! bo> to 8 tusks1 & ! lion to 8 tee?4 ,"s take to flight1 o!rs hide !mselves2 ! cuttle-fi% vomits#bbg blood2 ! cramp-fi% b5umbs2 & !re are _m animals t1 by _! intol]able /9k1 oblige _! pursu]s to retire4 ,,li4 ,b t ! beauty ( ! _w might be et]nal1 great c>e has be5 tak5 by ! provid5ce ( ! ,gods to p]petuate ! diff]5t k9ds ( animals1 & vegetables1 & trees1 & all ^? ?+s :i* s9k deep into ! e>?1 & are conta9$ 9 x by _! roots & trunks2 9 ord] to :i* e individual has )9 itself su* f]tile se$ t _m are g5]at$ f "o2 & 9 vegetables ?is se$ is enclos$ 9 ! he>t ( _! fruit1 b 9 su* abundance t m5 may pl5tifully fe$ on x1 & ! e>? be always replant$4 ,) reg>d to animals1 d we n see h[ aptly !y are =m$ = ! propagation ( _! species8 ,nature = ?is end creat$ "s males & "s females4 ,_! p>ts are p]fectly fram$ = g5]ation1 & !y h a wond]ful prop5sity to copulation4 ,:5 ! se$ has fall5 on ! matrix1 x draws almo/ all ! n\ri%m5t to itself1 by :i* ! foetus is =m$2 b z soon z x is dis*>g$ f !nce1 if x is an animal t is n\ri%$ by milk1 almo/ all ! food ( ! "m turns into milk1 & ! animal1 )\t any direction b by ! pure in/9ct ( nature1 imm$iately hunts = ! teat1 & is !re f$ ) pl5ty4 ,:at makes x evid5tly appe> t !re is no?+ 9 ?is =tuit\s1 b ! "w ( a wise & =esee+ nature1 is1 t ^? females :i* br+ =? _m "y1 z s[s & bit*es1 h _m teats1 & ^? :i* be> a small numb] h b few4 ,:at t5d]ness d bea/s %[ 9 pres]v+ & rais+ up _! "y till !y are able to def5d !mselves6 ,!y say1 inde$1 t fi%1 :5 !y h spawn$1 leave _! eggs2 b ! wat] easily supports !m1 & produces ! "y fry 9 abundance4 ,,lii4 ,x is said1 likewise1 t tortoises & crocodiles1 :5 !y h laid _! eggs on ! l&1 only cov] !m ) e>?1 & !n leave !m1 s t _! "y are hat*$ & br\ght up )\t assi/ance2 b f[ls & o!r birds seek = quiet places to lay 91 :]e !y build _! ne/s 9 ! s(te/ mann]1 = ! sure/ pres]vation ( _! eggs2 :i*1 :5 !y h hat*$1 !y def5d f ! cold by ! w>m? ( _! w+s1 or scre5 !m f ! sultry heat ( ! sun4 ,:5 _! "y beg9 to be able to use _! w+s1 !y att5d & in/ruct !m2 & !n _! c>es are at an end4 ,human art & indu/ry are inde$ necess>y t[>ds ! pres]vation & improvem5t ( c]ta9 animals & vegetables2 = !re are sev]al ( bo? k9ds :i* w\ld p]i% )\t t assi/ance4 ,!re are likewise innum]able facilities 7be+ diff]5t 9 diff]5t places7 suppli$ to man to aid him 9 8 civilization1 & 9 procur+ abundantly :at he requires4 ,! ,nile wat]s ,egypt1 & aft] hav+ ov]fl[$ & cov]$ x ! :ole summ]1 x retires1 & leaves ! fields s(t5$ & manur$ = ! reception ( se$4 ,! ,euphrates f]tilizes ,mesopotamia1 into :i*1 z we may say1 x c>ries ye>ly new fields4#bbh ,! ,indus1 :i* is ! l>ge/ ( all riv]s1#bbi n only improves & cultivates ! gr\nd1 b s[s x also2 = x is said to c>ry ) x a great quantity ( gra94 ,i c\ld m5tion _m o!r c\ntries rem>kable = some?+ s+ul>1 & _m fields1 :i* are1 9 _! own natures1 exce$+ly f]tile4 ,,liii4 ,b h[ b\ntiful is nature t has provid$ = u su* an abundance ( v>i\s & delici\s food2 & ?is v>y+ ) ! diff]5t seasons1 s t we may be con/antly pleas$ ) *ange1 & satisfi$ ) abundance6 ,h[ seasonable & useful to man1 to bea/s1 & ev5 to vegetables1 are ! ,etesian w9ds#bcj %e has be/[$1 :i* mod]ate intemp]ate heat1 & r5d] navigation m sure & spe$y6 ,_m ?+s mu/ be omitt$ on a subject s copi\s--& /ill a great deal mu/ be said--= x is impossible to relate ! great utility ( riv]s1 ! flux & reflux ( ! sea1 ! m\nta9s clo!d ) grass & trees1 ! salt-pits remote f ! sea-coa/s1 ! e>? replete ) salut>y m$ic9es1 or1 9 %ort1 ! innum]able designs ( nature necess>y = su/5ance & ! enjoym5t ( life4 ,we mu/ n =get ! vicissitudes ( day & night1 orda9$ = ! heal? ( animat$ be+s1 giv+ !m a "t to labor & a "t to re/4 ,?us1 if we e way exam9e ! univ]se1 x is app>5t1 f ! greate/ reason1 t ! :ole is admirably gov]n$ by a div9e provid5ce = ! safety & pres]vation ( all be+s4 ,if x %\ld be ask$ = ^: sake ?is mighty fabric 0 rais$1 %all we say = trees & o!r vegetables1 :i*1 ?\gh de/itute ( s5se1 are support$ by nature8 ,t w\ld be absurd4 ,is x = bea/s8 ,no?+ c be less probable ?an t ! ,gods %\ld h tak5 su* pa9s = be+s void ( spee* & und]/&+4 ,= :om1 !n1 w any "o presume to say t ! _w 0 made8 ,und\bt$ly = reasonable be+s2 ^! are ! ,gods & m51 :o are c]ta9ly ! mo/ p]fect ( all be+s1 z no?+ is equal to reason4 ,x is !re=e cr$ible t ! univ]se1 & all ?+s 9 x1 7 made = ! ,gods & = m54 ,b we may yet m easily compreh5d t ! ,gods h tak5 great c>e ( ! int]e/s & welf>e ( m51 if we exam9e ?or\ghly into ! /ructure ( ! body1 & ! =m & p]fection ( human nature4 ,!re are ?ree ?+s absolutely necess>y = ! support ( life--to eat1 to dr9k1 & to brea!4 ,= ^! op]ations ! m\? is mo/ aptly fram$1 :i*1 by ! assi/ance ( ! no/rils1 draws 9 ! m air4 ,,liv4 ,! tee? are !re plac$ to divide & gr9d ! food4#bca ,! =e-tee?1 be+ %>p & opposite to ea* o!r1 cut x asund]1 & ! h9d-tee? 7call$ ! gr9d]s7 *ew x1 9 :i* (fice ! tongue seems to assi/4 ,at ! root ( ! tongue is ! gullet1 :i* receives :atev] is swall[$3 x t\*es ! tonsils on ea* side1 & t]m9ates at ! int]ior extremity ( ! palate4 ,:51 by ! motions ( ! tongue1 ! food is =c$ into ?is passage1 x desc5ds1 & ^? p>ts ( ! gullet :i* are bel[ x are dilat$1 & ^? above are contract$4 ,!re is ano!r passage1 call$ by physicians ! r\gh art]y1#bcb :i* rea*es to ! lungs1 = ! entrance & return ( ! air we brea!2 & z its orifice is jo9$ to ! roots ( ! tongue a little above ! "p to :i* ! gullet is annex$1 x is furni%$ ) a sort ( cov]lid1#bcc le/1 by ! accid5tal fall+ ( any food into x1 ! respiration %\ld be /opp$4 ,z ! /oma*1 :i* is b5ea? ! gullet1 receives ! meat & dr9k1 s ! lungs & ! he>t draw 9 ! air f )\t4 ,! /oma* is wond]fully compos$1 consi/+ almo/ :olly ( n]ves2 x ab\nds ) membranes & fibres1 & deta9s :at x receives1 :e!r solid or liquid1 till x is alt]$ & dige/$4 ,x sometimes contracts1 sometimes dilates4 ,x bl5ds & mixes ! food toge!r1 s t x is easily concoct$ & dige/$ by its =ce ( heat1 & by ! animal spirits is di/ribut$ into ! o!r p>ts ( ! body4 ,,lv4 ,z to ! lungs1 !y are ( a s(t & spongy sub/ance1 :i* r5d]s !m ! mo/ commodi\s = respiration2 !y alt]nately dilate & contract to receive & return ! air1 t :at is ! *ief animal su/5ance may be always fre%4 ,! juice1#bcd by :i* we are n\ri%$1 be+ sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! food1 passes ! /oma* & inte/9es to ! liv]1 ?r\gh op5 & direct passages1 :i* lead f ! mes5t]y to ! gates ( ! liv] 7= s !y call ^? vessels at ! entrance ( x74 ,!re are o!r passages f !nce1 ?r\gh :i* ! food has its c\rse :5 x has pass$ ! liv]4 ,:5 ! bile1 & ^? humors :i* proce$ f ! kidneys1 are sep>at$ f ! food1 ! rema9+ "p turns to blood1 & fl[s to ^? vessels at ! entrance ( ! liv] to :i* all ! passages adjo94 ,! *yle1 be+ convey$ f ?is place ?r\gh !m into ! vessel call$ ! holl[ ve91 is mix$ toge!r1 &1 be+ already dige/$ & di/ill$1 passes into ! he>t2 & f ! he>t x is communicat$ ?r\gh a great numb] ( ve9s to e "p ( ! body4 ,x is n difficult to describe h[ ! gross rema9s are detrud$ by ! motion ( ! inte/9es1 :i* contract & dilate2 b t mu/ be decl9$1 z too indelicate = disc\rse4 ,let u r expla9 t o!r wond] ( nature1 ! air1 :i* is drawn into ! lungs1 receives heat bo? by t already 9 & by ! coagitation ( ! lungs2 "o "p is turn$ back by respiration1 & ! o!r is receiv$ into a place call$ ! v5tricle ( ! he>t4#bce ,!re is ano!r v5tricle l x annex$ to ! he>t1 into :i* ! blood fl[s f ! liv] ?r\gh ! holl[ ve94 ,?us by "o v5tricle ! blood is diffus$ to ! extremities ?r\gh ! ve9s1 & by ! o!r ! brea? is communicat$ ?r\gh ! art]ies2 & !re are su* numb]s ( bo? disp]s$ ?r\gh ! :ole body t !y manife/ a div9e art4 ,:y ne$ ,i speak ( ! bones1 ^? supports ( ! body1 ^: jo9ts are s wond]fully contriv$ = /ability1 & to r5d] ! limbs complete ) reg>d to motion & to e action ( ! body8 ,or ne$ ,i m5tion ! n]ves1 by :i* ! limbs are gov]n$--_! _m int]weav+s1 & _! proce$+ f ! he>t1#bcf f :5ce1 l ! ve9s & art]ies1 !y h _! orig91 & are di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! :ole corporeal frame8 ,,lvi4 ,to ?is skill ( nature1 & ?is c>e ( provid5ce1 s dilig5t & s +5i\s1 _m reflections may be add$1 :i* %[ :at valuable ?+s ! ,deity has be/[$ on man4 ,he has made u ( a /ature tall & upright1 9 ord] t we might behold ! heav5s1 & s arrive at ! k ( ! ,gods2 = m5 are n simply to dwell "h z inhabitants ( ! e>?1 b to be1 z x 71 spectators ( ! heav5s & ! />s1 :i* is a privilege n grant$ to any o!r k9d ( animat$ be+s4 ,! s5ses1 :i* are ! int]pret]s & mess5g]s ( ?+s1 are plac$ 9 ! head1 z 9 a t[]1 & wond]fully situat$ = _! prop] uses2 = ! eyes1 be+ 9 ! highe/ "p1 h ! (fice ( s5t9els1 9 discov]+ to u objects2 & ! e>s are conv5i5tly plac$ 9 a high "p ( ! p]son1 be+ appo9t$ to receive s\nd1 :i* naturally asc5ds4 ,! no/rils h ! l situation1 because all sc5t likewise asc5ds2 & !y h1 ) great reason1 a ne> vic9ity to ! m\?1 because !y assi/ u 9 judg+ ( meat & dr9k4 ,! ta/e1 :i* is to di/+ui% ! quality ( :at we take2 is 9 t "p ( ! m\? :]e nature has laid op5 a passage = :at we eat & dr9k4 ,b ! t\* is equally diffus$ ?r\gh ! :ole body1 t we may n receive any bl[s1 or ! too rigid attacks ( cold & heat1 )\t feel+ !m4 ,& z 9 build+ ! ar*itect av]ts f ! eyes & nose ( ! ma/] ^? ?+s :i* mu/ necess>ily be (f5sive1 s has nature remov$ f> f our s5ses :at is ( ! same k9d 9 ! human body4 ,,lvii4 ,:at artific] b nature1 ^: direction is incomp>able1 c\ld h exhibit$ s mu* +5uity 9 ! =mation ( ! s5ses8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 %e has cov]$ & inve/$ ! eyes ) ! f9e/ membranes1 :i* %e ha? made transp>5t1 t we may see ?r\gh !m1 & firm 9 _! texture1 to pres]ve ! eyes4 ,%e has made !m slipp]y & movable1 t !y might avoid :at w\ld (f5d !m1 & easily direct ! sight :]ev] !y w4 ,! actual organ ( sight1 :i* is call$ ! pupil1 is s small t x c easily %un :atev] might be hurtful to x4 ,! eyelids1 :i* are _! cov]+s1 are s(t & smoo?1 t !y may n injure ! eyes2 & are made to %ut at ! appreh5sion ( any accid5t1 or to op5 at pleasure2 & ^! movem5ts nature has orda9$ to be made 9 an in/ant3 !y are =tifi$ ) a sort ( palisade ( hairs1 to keep (f :at may be noxi\s to !m :5 op51 & to be a f5ce to _! repose :5 sleep closes !m1 & all[s !m to re/ z if !y 7 wrapp$ up 9 a case4 ,besides1 !y are commodi\sly hidd5 & def5d$ by em95ces on e side2 = on ! upp] "p ! eyebr[s turn aside ! p]spiration :i* falls f ! head & =ehead2 ! *eeks b5ea? rise a little1 s z to protect !m on ! l[] side2 & ! nose is plac$ betwe5 !m z a wall ( sep>ation4 ,! he>+ is always op51 = t is a s5se ( :i* we are 9 ne$ ev5 :ile we are sleep+2 & ! mom5t t any s\nd is admitt$ by x we are awak5$ ev5 f sleep4 ,x has a w9d+ passage1 le/ any?+ %\ld slip into x1 z x might if x 7 /raight & simple4 ,nature also ha? tak5 ! same precaution 9 mak+ !re a visc\s humor1 t if any little creatures %\ld endeavor to creep 91 !y might /ick 9 x z 9 bird-lime4 ,! e>s 7by :i* we mean ! outw>d "p7 are made prom95t1 to cov] & pres]ve ! he>+1 le/ ! s\nd %\ld be dissipat$ & escape be=e ! s5se is affect$4 ,_! entrances are h>d & horny1 & _! =m w9d+1 because bodies ( ?is k9d bett] return & increase ! s\nd4 ,?is appe>s 9 ! h>p1 lute1 or horn2#bcg & f all tortu\s & enclos$ places s\nds are return$ /rong]4 ,! no/rils1 9 l mann]1 are ev] op51 because we h a cont9ual use = !m2 & _! entrances also are r n>r[1 le/ any?+ noxi\s %\ld ent] !m2 & !y h always a humidity necess>y = ! repell+ du/ & _m o!r extrane\s bodies4 ,! ta/e1 hav+ ! m\? = an enclosure1 is admirably situat$1 bo? 9 reg>d to ! use we make ( x & to its security4 ,,lviii4 ,besides1 e human s5se is mu* m exquisite ?an ^? ( brutes2 = our eyes1 9 ^? arts :i* come "u _! judgm5t1 di/+ui% ) great nicety2 z 9 pa9t+1 sculpture1 engrav+1 & 9 ! ge/ure & motion ( bodies4 ,!y und]/& ! beauty1 proportion1 &1 z ,i may s t]m x1 ! becom+ness ( colors & figures2 !y di/+ui% ?+s ( great] importance1 ev5 virtues & vices2 !y "k :e!r a man is angry or calm1 *e]ful or sad1 c\rage\s or c[>dly1 bold or timor\s4 ,! judgm5t ( ! e>s is n less admirably & sci5tifically contriv$ ) reg>d to vocal & in/rum5tal music4 ,!y di/+ui% ! v>iety ( s\nds1 ! measure1 ! /ops1 ! diff]5t sorts ( voices1 ! treble & ! base1 ! s(t & ! h>%1 ! %>p & ! flat1 ( :i* human e>s only are capable to judge4 ,!re is likewise great judgm5t 9 ! smell1 ! ta/e1 & ! t\*2 to indulge & gratify :i* s5ses m arts h be5 inv5t$ ?an ,i c\ld wi%3 x is app>5t to :at excess we h arriv$ 9 ! composition ( our p]fumes1 ! prep>ation ( our food1 & ! enjoym5t ( corporeal pleasures4 ,,lix4 ,aga91 he :o does n p]ceive ! s\l & m9d ( man1 8 reason1 prud5ce1 & disc]nm5t1 to be ! "w ( a div9e provid5ce1 seems himself to be de/itute ( ^? faculties4 ,:ile ,i am on ?is subject1 ,cotta1 ,i wi% ,i _h y\r eloqu5ce3 h[ w\ld y illu/rate s f9e a subject6 ,y w\ld %[ ! great ext5t ( ! und]/&+2 h[ we collect our ideas1 & jo9 ^? :i* foll[ to ^? :i* prec$e2 e/abli% pr9ciples1 draw consequ5ces1 def9e ?+s sep>ately1 & compreh5d !m ) accuracy2 f :5ce y demon/rate h[ great is ! p[] ( intellig5ce & k1 :i* is su* t ev5 ,god himself has no qualities m admirable4 ,h[ valuable 7?\gh y ,academics despise & ev5 d5y t we h x7 is our k ( ext]ior objects1 f ! p]ception ( ! s5ses jo9$ to ! application ( ! m9d2 by :i* we see 9 :at relation "o ?+ /&s to ano!r1 & by ! aid ( :i* we h inv5t$ ^? arts :i* are necess>y = ! support & pleasure ( life4 ,h[ *>m+ is eloqu5ce6 ,h[ div9e t mi/ress ( ! univ]se1 z y call x6 ,x tea*es u :at we 7 ignorant (1 & makes u capable ( tea*+ :at we h le>n$4 ,by ?is we exhort o!rs2 by ?is we p]suade !m2 by ?is we com=t ! afflict$2 by ?is we deliv] ! affright$ f _! fe>2 by ?is we mod]ate excessive joy2 by ?is we assuage ! passions ( lu/ & ang]4 ,?is x is :i* b\nd m5 by ! *a9s ( "r & law1 =m$ ! bonds ( civil society1 & made u quit a wild & savage life4 ,& x w appe> incr$ible1 unless y c>efully obs]ve ! facts1 h[ complete ! "w ( nature is 9 giv+ u ! use ( spee*2 =1 fir/ ( all1 !re is an art]y f ! lungs to ! bottom ( ! m\?1 ?r\gh :i* ! voice1 hav+ its orig9al pr9ciple 9 ! m9d1 is transmitt$4 ,!n ! tongue is plac$ 9 ! m\?1 b\nd$ by ! tee?4 ,x s(t5s & modulates ! voice1 :i* w\ld o!rwise be confus$ly utt]$2 &1 by pu%+ x to ! tee? & o!r p>ts ( ! m\?1 makes ! s\nd di/9ct & articulate4 ,we ,/oics1 !re=e1 comp>e ! tongue to ! b[ ( an in/rum5t1 ! tee? to ! /r+s1 & ! no/rils to ! s\nd+-bo>d4 ,,lx4 ,b h[ commodi\s are ! h&s :i* nature has giv5 to man1 & h[ beautifully d !y m9i/] to _m arts6 ,=1 su* is ! flexibility ( ! jo9ts1 t our f+]s are clos$ & op5$ )\t any difficulty4 ,) _! help1 ! h& is =m$ = pa9t+1 c>v+1 & engrav+2 = play+ on /r+$ in/rum5ts1 & on ! pipe4 ,^! are matt]s ( pleasure4 ,!re are also works ( necessity1 su* z till+ ! gr\nd1 build+ h\ses1 mak+ clo? & habits1 & work+ 9 brass & iron4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( ! m9d to inv5t1 ! s5ses to p]ceive1 & ! h&s to execute2 s t if we h build+s1 if we are clo!d1 if we live 9 safety1 if we h cities1 walls1 habitations1 & temples1 x is to ! h&s we owe !m4 ,by our labor1 t is1 by our h&s1 v>iety & pl5ty ( food are provid$2 =1 )\t culture1 _m fruits1 :i* s]ve ei!r = pres5t or future consumption1 w\ld n be produc$2 besides1 we fe$ on fle%1 fi%1 & f[l1 cat*+ "s1 & br++ up o!rs4 ,we subdue f\r-foot$ bea/s = our c>riage1 ^: spe$ & /r5g? supply our sl[ness & inability4 ,on "s we put burd5s1 on o!rs yokes4 ,we conv]t ! sagacity ( ! elephant & ! quick sc5t ( ! dog to our own advantage4 ,out ( ! cav]ns ( ! e>? we dig iron1 a ?+ entirely necess>y = ! cultivation ( ! gr\nd4 ,we discov] ! hidd5 ve9s ( copp]1 silv]1 & gold1 advantage\s = our use & beautiful z ornam5ts4 ,we cut d[n trees1 & use e k9d ( wild & cultivat$ timb]1 n only to make fire to w>m u & dress our meat1 b also = build+1 t we may h h\ses to def5d u f ! heat & cold4 ,) timb] likewise we build %ips1 :i* br+ u f all p>ts e commodity ( life4 ,we are ! only animals :o1 f our k ( navigation1 c manage :at nature has made ! mo/ viol5t--! sea & ! w9ds4 ,?us we obta9 f ! ocean great numb]s ( pr(itable ?+s4 ,we are ! absolute ma/]s ( :at ! e>? produces4 ,we enjoy ! m\nta9s & ! pla9s4 ,! riv]s & ! lakes are ours4 ,we s[ ! se$1 & plant ! trees4 ,we f]tilize ! e>? by ov]fl[+ x4 ,we /op1 direct1 & turn ! riv]s3 9 %ort1 by our h&s we endeavor1 by our v>i\s op]ations 9 ?is _w1 to make1 z x 71 ano!r nature4 ,,lxi4 ,b :at %all ,i say ( human reason8 ,has x n ev5 ent]$ ! heav5s8 ,man alone ( all animals has obs]v$ ! c\rses ( ! />s1 _! ris+s & sett+s4 ,by man ! day1 ! mon?1 ! ye>1 is det]m9$4 ,he =esees ! eclipses ( ! sun & moon1 & =etells !m to futurity1 m>k+ _! greatness1 duration1 & precise "t4 ,f ! contemplation ( ^! ?+s ! m9d extracts ! k ( ! ,gods--a k :i* produces piety1 ) :i* is connect$ ju/ice1 & all ! o!r virtues2 f :i* arises a life ( felicity1 inf]ior to t ( ! ,gods 9 no s+le p>ticul>1 except 9 immortality1 :i* is n absolutely necess>y to happy liv+4 ,9 expla9+ ^! ?+s1 ,i ?9k t ,i h suffici5tly demon/rat$ ! sup]iority ( man to o!r animat$ be+s2 f :5ce we %\ld inf] t nei!r ! =m & position ( 8 limbs nor t /r5g? ( m9d & und]/&+ c\ld possibly be ! effect ( *ance4 ,,lxii4 ,i am n[ to prove1 by way ( conclusion1 t e ?+ 9 ?is _w ( use to u 0 made design$ly = u4 ,fir/ ( all1 ! univ]se 0 made = ! ,gods & m51 & all ?+s !re9 7 prep>$ & provid$ = our s]vice4 ,= ! _w is ! common habitation or city ( ! ,gods & m52 = !y are ! only reasonable be+s3 !y alone live by ju/ice & law4 ,z1 !re=e1 x mu/ be presum$ ! cities ( ,a!ns & ,lac$mon 7 built = ! ,a!nians & ,lac$monians1 & z ev]y?+ !re is said to belong to ^? p1 s ev]y?+ 9 ! univ]se may ) propriety be said to belong to ! ,gods & m51 & to !m alone4 ,9 ! next place1 ?\gh ! revolutions ( ! sun1 moon1 & all ! />s are necess>y = ! cohesion ( ! univ]se1 yet may !y be consid]$ also z objects design$ = ! view & contemplation ( man4 ,!re is no sight less apt to satiate ! eye1 none m beautiful1 or m wor?y to employ our reason & p5etration4 ,by measur+ _! c\rses we f9d ! diff]5t seasons1 _! durations & vicissitudes1 :i*1 if !y are kn[n to m5 alone1 we mu/ believe 7 made only = _! sake4 ,does ! e>? br+ =? fruit & gra9 9 su* excessive abundance & v>iety = m5 or = brutes8 ,! pl5tiful & exhil>at+ fruit ( ! v9e & ! olive-tree are entirely useless to bea/s4 ,!y "k n ! "t = s[+1 till+1 or = reap+ 9 season & ga!r+ 9 ! fruits ( ! e>?1 or = lay+ up & pres]v+ _! /ores4 ,man alone has ! c>e & advantage ( ^! ?+s4 ,,lxiii4 ,?us1 z ! lute & ! pipe 7 made = ^?1 & ^? only1 :o are capable ( play+ on !m1 s x mu/ be all[$ t ! produce ( ! e>? 0 design$ = ^? only :o make use ( !m2 & ?\gh "s bea/s may rob u ( a small "p1 x does n foll[ t ! e>? produc$ x also = !m4 ,m5 d n /ore up corn = mice & ants1 b = _! wives1 _! *ildr51 & _! families4 ,bea/s1 !re=e1 z ,i said be=e1 possess x by /eal?1 b _! ma/]s op5ly & freely4 ,x is = u1 !re=e1 t nature ha? provid$ ?is abundance4 ,c !re be any d\bt t ?is pl5ty & v>iety ( fruit1 :i* delight n only ! ta/e1 b ! smell & sight1 0 by nature int5d$ = m5 only8 ,bea/s are s f> f be+ p>tak]s ( ?is design1 t we see t ev5 !y !mselves 7 made = man2 = ( :at utility w\ld %eep be1 unless = _! wool1 :i*1 :5 dress$ & wov51 s]ves u = clo?+8 ,= !y are n capable ( any?+1 n ev5 ( procur+ _! own food1 )\t ! c>e & assi/ance ( man4 ,! fidelity ( ! dog1 8 affectionate fawn+ on 8 ma/]1 8 av]sion to /rang]s1 8 sagacity 9 f9d+ game1 & 8 vivacity 9 pursuit ( x1 :at d ^! qualities d5ote b t he 0 creat$ = our use8 ,:y ne$ ,i m5tion ox58 ,we p]ceive t _! backs 7 n =m$ = c>ry+ burd5s1 b _! necks 7 naturally made = ! yoke1 & _! /rong broad %\ld]s to draw ! pl\gh4 ,9 ! ,gold5 ,age1 :i* poets speak (1 !y 7 s greatly b5eficial to ! husb&man 9 till+ ! fall[ gr\nd t no viol5ce 0 ev] (f]$ !m1 & x 0 ev5 ?\ght a crime to eat !m3 ,! ,iron ,age began ! fatal trade ,( blood1 & hamm]'d ! de/ructive blade2 ,!n m5 began to make ! ox to ble$1 ,& on ! tam$ & docile bea/ to fe$#bch4 ,,lxiv4 ,x w\ld take a long "t to relate ! advantages :i* we receive f mules & asses1 :i* und\bt$ly 7 design$ = our use4 ,:at is ! sw9e good = b to eat8 ^: life1 ,*rysippus says1 0 giv5 x b z salt#bci to keep x f putrefy+2 & z x is prop] food = man1 nature ha? made no animal m fruitful4 ,:at a multitude ( birds & fi%es are tak5 by ! art & contrivance ( man only1 & :i* are s delici\s to our ta/e t "o w\ld be tempt$ sometimes to believe t ?is ,provid5ce :i* wat*es ov] u 0 an ,epicurean6 ,?\gh we ?9k !re are "s birds--! alites & osc9es#bdj1 z our augurs call !m--:i* 7 made m]ely to =etell ev5ts4 ,! l>ge savage bea/s we take by hunt+1 p>tly = food1 p>tly to ex]cise ourselves 9 imitation ( m>tial discipl9e1 & to use ^? we c tame & in/ruct1 z elephants1 or to extract rem$ies = our diseases & w\nds1 z we d f c]ta9 roots & h]bs1 ! virtues ( :i* are kn[n by long use & exp]i5ce4 ,repres5t to y\rself ! :ole e>? & seas z if be=e y\r eyes4 ,y w see ! va/ & f]tile pla9s1 ! ?ick1 %ady m\nta9s1 ! imm5se pa/urage = cattle1 & %ips sail+ ov] ! deep ) incr$ible cel]ity2 nor are our discov]ies only on ! face ( ! e>?1 b 9 its secret recesses !re are _m useful ?+s1 :i* be+ made = man1 by man alone are discov]$4 ,,lxv4 ,ano!r1 & 9 my op9ion ! /ronge/1 pro( t ! provid5ce ( ! ,gods takes c>e ( u is div9ation1 :i* bo? ( y1 p]haps1 w attack2 y1 ,cotta1 because ,c>neades took pleasure 9 inveigh+ aga9/ ! ,/oics2 & y1 ,velleius1 because !re is no?+ ,epicurus ridicules s mu* z ! pr$iction ( ev5ts4 ,yet ! tru? ( div9ation appe>s 9 _m places1 on _m occasions1 (t5 9 private1 b p>ticul>ly 9 public conc]ns4 ,we receive _m intimations f ! =esight & presages ( augurs & auspices2 f oracles1 prophecies1 dreams1 & prodigies2 & x (t5 happ5s t by ^! means ev5ts h prov$ happy to m51 & imm95t dang]s h be5 avoid$4 ,?is k1 !re=e--call x ei!r a k9d ( transport1 or an art1 or a natural faculty--is c]ta9ly f\nd only 9 m51 & is a gift f ! immortal ,gods4 ,if ^! pro(s1 :5 tak5 sep>ately1 %\ld make no impression ^u y\r m9d1 yet1 :5 collect$ toge!r1 !y mu/ c]ta9ly affect y4 ,besides1 ! ,gods n only provide = mank9d univ]sally1 b = p>ticul> m54 ,y may br+ ?is univ]sality to gradually a small] numb]1 & aga9 y may r$uce t small] numb] to individuals4 ,,lxvi4 ,= if ! reasons :i* ,i h giv5 prove to all ( u t ! ,gods take c>e ( all m51 9 e c\ntry1 9 e "p ( ! _w sep>ate f our cont95t1 !y take c>e ( ^? :o dwell on ! same l& ) u1 f ea/ to we/2 & if !y reg>d ^? :o inhabit ?is k9d ( great isl&1 :i* we call ! globe ( ! e>?1 !y h ! l reg>d = ^? :o possess ! p>ts ( ?is isl&--,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa2 & !re=e !y favor ! p>ts ( ^! p>ts1 z ,rome1 ,a!ns1 ,sp>ta1 & ,rhodes2 & p>ticul> m5 ( ^! cities1 sep>ate f ! :ole2 z ,curius1 ,fabricius1 ,coruncanius1 9 ! w> ) ,pyrrhus2 9 ! fir/ ,punic w>1 ,calat9us1 ,duillius1 ,metellus1 ,lutatius2 9 ! second1 ,maximus1 ,m>cellus1 ,africanus2 aft] ^!1 ,paullus1 ,grac*us1 ,cato2 & 9 our fa!rs' times1 ,scipio1 ,llius4 ,rome also & ,greece h produc$ _m illu/ri\s m51 :o we _c believe 7 s )\t ! assi/ance ( ! ,deity2 :i* is ! reason t ! poets1 ,hom] 9 p>ticul>1 jo9$ _! *ief h]oes--,ulysses1 ,agamemnon1 ,diom$es1 ,a*illes--to c]ta9 ,deities1 z companions 9 _! adv5tures & dang]s4 ,besides1 ! frequ5t appe>ances ( ! ,gods1 z ,i h be=e m5tion$1 demon/rate _! reg>d = cities & p>ticul> m54 ,?is is also app>5t inde$ f ! =ekn[l$ge ( ev5ts1 :i* we receive ei!r sleep+ or wak+4 ,we are likewise =ew>n$ ( _m ?+s by ! entrails ( victims1 by presages1 & _m o!r means1 :i* h be5 long obs]v$ ) su* exactness z to produce an art ( div9ation4 ,!re nev]1 !re=e1 0 a great man )\t div9e inspiration4 ,if a /orm %\ld damage ! corn or v9ey>d ( a p]son1 or any accid5t %\ld deprive him ( "s conv5i5ces ( life1 we %\ld n judge f !nce t ! ,deity hates or neglects him4 ,! ,gods take c>e ( great ?+s1 & disreg>d ! small4 ,b to truly great m5 all ?+s ev] happ5 prosp]\sly2 z has be5 suffici5tly ass]t$ & prov$ by u ,/oics1 z well z by ,socrates1 ! pr9ce ( philosoph]s1 9 8 disc\rses on ! inf9ite advantages aris+ f virtue4 ,,lxvii4 ,?is is almo/ ! :ole t ha? occurr$ to my m9d on ! nature ( ! ,gods1 & :at ,i ?\ght prop] to advance4 ,d y1 ,cotta1 if ,i may advise1 def5d ! same cause4 ,rememb] t 9 ,rome y keep ! fir/ rank2 rememb] t y are ,pontifex2 & z y\r s*ool is at lib]ty to argue on :i* side y please#bda1 d y r take m9e1 & reason on x ) t eloqu5ce :i* y acquir$ by y\r rhetorical ex]cises1 & :i* ! ,academy improv$2 = x is a p]nici\s & impi\s cu/om to argue aga9/ ! ,gods1 :e!r x be done s]i\sly1 or only 9 pret5ce & out ( sport4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,,iii4 ,i4 ,:5 ,balbus _h end$ ?is disc\rse1 !n ,cotta1 ) a smile1 rejo9$1 ,y direct me too late :i* side to def5d2 = dur+ ! c\rse ( y\r argum5t ,i 0 revolv+ 9 my m9d :at objections to make to :at y 7 say+1 n s mu* = ! sake ( opposition1 z ( oblig+ y to expla9 :at ,i did n p]fectly compreh5d2 & z e "o may use 8 own judgm5t1 x is sc>cely possible = me to ?9k 9 e in/ance exactly :at y wi%4 ,y h no idea1 ,o ,cotta1 said ,velleius1 h[ impati5t ,i am to he> :at y h to say4 ,= s9ce our fri5d ,balbus 0 highly delight$ ) y\r disc\rse aga9/ ,epicurus1 ,i ought 9 my turn to be solicit\s to he> :at y c say aga9/ ! ,/oics2 & ,i !re=e w give y my be/ att5tion1 = ,i believe y are1 z usual1 well prep>$ = ! engagem5t4 ,i wi%1 by ,h]cules6 ,i 71 replies ,cotta2 = x is m difficult to dispute ) ,lucilius ?an x 0 ) y4 ,:y s8 says ,velleius4 ,because1 replies ,cotta1 y\r ,epicurus1 9 my op9ion1 does n cont5d /rongly = ! ,gods3 he only1 = ! sake ( avoid+ any unpopul>ity or puni%m5t1 is afraid to d5y _! exi/5ce2 = :5 he ass]ts t ! ,gods are :olly inactive & reg>dless ( ev]y?+1 & t !y h limbs l ours1 b make no use ( !m1 he seems to je/ ) u1 & to ?9k x suffici5t if he all[s t !re are be+s ( any k9d happy & et]nal4 ,b ) reg>d to ,balbus1 ,i suppose y obs]v$ h[ _m ?+s 7 said by him1 :i*1 h[ev] false !y may be1 yet h a p]fect coh]5ce & connection2 !re=e1 my design1 z ,i said1 9 oppos+ him1 is n s mu* to confute 8 pr9ciples z to induce him to expla9 :at ,i d n cle>ly und]/&3 = :i* reason1 ,balbus1 ,i w give y ! *oice1 ei!r to answ] me e p>ticul> z ,i g on1 or p]mit me to proce$ )\t int]ruption4 ,if y want any explanation1 replies ,balbus1 ,i w\ld r y w\ld propose y\r d\bts s+ly2 b if y\r int5tion is r to confute me ?an to seek in/ruction = y\rself1 x %all be z y please2 ,i w ei!r answ] y imm$iately on e po9t1 or /ay till y h f9i%$ y\r disc\rse4 ,,ii4 ,v well1 says ,cotta2 !n let u proce$ z our conv]sation %all direct4 ,b be=e ,i ent] on ! subject1 ,i h a ^w to say conc]n+ myself2 = ,i am greatly influ5c$ by y\r au?ority1 & y\r exhortation at ! conclusion ( y\r disc\rse1 :5 y desir$ me to rememb] t ,i 0 ,cotta & ,pontifex2 by :i* ,i presume y intimat$ t ,i %\ld def5d ! sacr$ rites & religion & c]emonies :i* we receiv$ f our ance/ors4 ,mo/ und\bt$ly ,i always h1 & always %all def5d !m1 nor %all ! argum5ts ei!r ( ! le>n$ or unle>n$ ev] remove ! op9ions :i* ,i h imbib$ f !m conc]n+ ! wor%ip ( ! immortal ,gods4 ,9 matt]s ( religion ,i submit to ! rules ( ! high-prie/s1 ,t4 ,coruncanius1 ,p4 ,scipio1 & ,p4 ,scvola2 n to ! s5tim5ts ( ,z5o1 ,clean!s1 or ,*rysippus2 & ,i pay a great] reg>d to :at ,c4 ,llius1 "o ( our augurs & wise m51 has writt5 conc]n+ religion1 9 t noble oration ( 81 ?an to ! mo/ em95t ( ! ,/oics3 & z ! :ole religion ( ! ,romans at fir/ consi/$ 9 sacrifices & div9ation by birds1 to :i* h s9ce be5 add$ pr$ictions1 if ! int]pret]s#bdb ( ! ,sibyll9e oracle or ! aruspices h =etold any ev5t f port5ts & prodigies1 ,i h ev] ?\ght t !re 0 no po9t ( all ^! holy ?+s :i* des]v$ to be despis$4 ,i h be5 ev5 p]suad$ t ,romulus1 by in/itut+ div9ation1 & ,numa1 by e/abli%+ sacrifices1 laid ! f\ndation ( ,rome1 :i* und\bt$ly w\ld nev] h ris5 to su* a height ( gr&eur if ! ,gods _h n be5 made propiti\s by ?is wor%ip4 ,^!1 ,balbus1 are my s5tim5ts bo? z a prie/ & z ,cotta4 ,b y mu/ br+ me to y\r op9ion by ! =ce ( y\r reason3 = ,i h a "r to dem& f y1 z a philosoph]1 a reason = ! religion :i* y w\ld h me embrace4 ,b ,i mu/ believe ! religion ( our ance/ors )\t any pro(4 ,,iii4 ,:at pro(1 says ,balbus1 d y require ( me8 ,y h propos$1 says ,cotta1 f\r articles4 ,fir/ ( all1 y und]took to prove t !re are ,gods2 secondly1 ( :at k9d & "* !y are2 ?irdly1 t ! univ]se is gov]n$ by !m2 la/ly1 t !y provide = ! welf>e ( mank9d 9 p>ticul>4 ,?us1 if ,i rememb] rightly1 y divid$ y\r disc\rse4 ,exactly s1 replies ,balbus2 b let u see :at y require4 ,let u exam9e1 says ,cotta1 e proposition4 ,! fir/ "o--t !re are ,gods--is nev] conte/$ b by ! mo/ impi\s ( m52 nay1 ?\gh x c nev] be root$ out ( my m9d1 yet ,i believe x on ! au?ority ( our ance/ors1 & n on ! pro(s :i* y h br\ght4 ,:y d y expect a pro( f me1 says ,balbus1 if y ?or\ghly believe x8 ,because1 says ,cotta1 ,i come to ?is discussion z if ,i _h nev] ?\ght ( ! ,gods1 or he>d any?+ conc]n+ !m4 ,take me z a disciple :olly ignorant & unbiass$1 & prove to me all ! po9ts :i* ,i ask4 ,beg91 !n1 replies ,balbus4 ,i w\ld fir/ "k1 says ,cotta1 :y y h be5 s long 9 prov+ ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods1 :i* y said 0 a po9t s v evid5t to all1 t !re 0 no ne$ ( any pro(8 ,9 t1 answ]s ,balbus1 ,i h foll[$ y\r example1 :om ,i h (t5 obs]v$1 :5 plead+ 9 ! ,=um1 to load ! judge ) all ! argum5ts :i* ! nature ( y\r cause w\ld p]mit4 ,?is also is ! practice ( philosoph]s1 & ,i h a "r to foll[ x4 ,besides1 y may z well ask me :y ,i look ^u y ) two eyes1 s9ce ,i c see y ) "o4 ,,iv4 ,y %all judge1 !n1 y\rself1 says ,cotta1 if ?is is a v j comp>ison2 =1 :5 ,i plead1 ,i d n dwell ^u any po9t agre$ to be self-evid5t1 because long reason+ only s]ves to conf\nd ! cle>e/ matt]s2 besides1 ?\gh ,i might take ?is me?od 9 plead+1 yet ,i %\ld n make use ( x 9 su* a disc\rse z ?is1 :i* requires ! nice/ di/9ction4 ,& ) reg>d to y\r mak+ use ( "o eye only :5 y look on me1 !re is no reason = x1 s9ce toge!r !y h ! same view2 & s9ce nature1 to :i* y attribute wisdom1 has be5 pleas$ to give u two passages by :i* we receive light4 ,b ! tru? is1 t x 0 because y did n ?9k t ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods 0 s evid5t z y c\ld wi% t y !re=e br\ght s _m pro(s4 ,x 0 suffici5t = me to believe x on ! tradition ( our ance/ors2 & s9ce y disreg>d au?orities1 & appeal to reason1 p]mit my reason to def5d !m aga9/ y\rs4 ,! pro(s on :i* y f\nd ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods t5d only to r5d] a proposition d\btful t1 9 my op9ion1 is n s2 ,i h n only reta9$ 9 my memory ! :ole ( ^! pro(s1 b ev5 ! ord] 9 :i* y propos$ !m4 ,! fir/ 01 t :5 we lift up our eyes t[>ds ! heav5s1 we imm$iately conceive t !re is "s div9ity t gov]ns ^? cele/ial bodies2 on :i* y quot$ ?is passage-- ,look up to ! refulg5t heav5 above1 ,:i* all m5 call1 unanim\sly1 ,jove2 intimat+ t we %\ld invoke t z ,jupit]1 r ?an our ,capitol9e ,jove#bdc1 or t x is evid5t to ! :ole _w t ^? bodies are ,gods :i* ,velleius & _m o!rs d n place ev5 9 ! rank ( animat$ be+s4 ,ano!r /rong pro(1 9 y\r op9ion1 0 t ! belief ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods 0 univ]sal1 & t mank9d 0 daily m & m conv9c$ ( x4 ,:at6 %\ld an affair ( su* importance be left to ! decision ( fools1 :o1 by y\r sect especially1 are call$ madm58 ,v4 ,b ! ,gods h appe>$ to u1 z to ,po/humius at ! ,lake ,regillus1 & to ,vati5us 9 ! ,sal>ian ,way3 some?+ y m5tion$1 too1 ,i "k n :at1 ( a battle ( ! ,locrians at ,sagra4 ,d y believe t ! ,tynd>id1 z y call$ !m2 t is1 m5 sprung f m51 & :o 7 buri$ 9 ,lac$mon1 z we le>n f ,hom]1 :o liv$ 9 ! next age--d y believe1 ,i say1 t !y appe>$ to ,vati5us on ! road m\nt$ on :ite horses1 )\t any s]vant to att5d !m1 to tell ! victory ( ! ,romans to a c\ntry fell[ r ?an to ,m4 ,cato1 :o 0 at t "t ! *ief p]son ( ! s5ate8 ,d y take t pr9t ( a horse's ho( :i* is n[ to be se5 on a /one at ,regillus to be made by ,ca/or's horse8 ,%\ld y n believe1 :at is probable1 t ! s\ls ( em95t m51 su* z ! ,tynd>id1 are div9e & immortal1 r ?an t ^? bodies :i* _h be5 r$uc$ to a%es %\ld m\nt on horses1 & fight 9 an army8 ,if y say t 0 possible1 y ought to %[ h[ x is s1 & n amuse u ) fabul\s old wom5's /ories4 ,d y take ^! = fabul\s /ories8 says ,balbus4 ,is n ! temple1 built by ,po/humius 9 honor ( ,ca/or & ,pollux1 to be se5 9 ! ,=um8 ,is n ! decree ( ! s5ate conc]n+ ,vati5us /ill subsi/+8 ,z to ! affair ( ,sagra1 x is a common prov]b among ! ,greeks2 :5 !y w\ld affirm any?+ /rongly1 !y say ,x is z c]ta9 z :at pass$ at ,sagra4 ,ought n su* au?orities to move y8 ,y oppose me1 replies ,cotta1 ) /ories1 b ,i ask reasons ( y#bdd4 99 99 99 ,,vi4 ,we are n[ to speak ( pr$ictions4 ,no "o c avoid :at is to come1 &1 inde$1 x is commonly useless to "k x2 = x is a mis]able case to be afflict$ to no purpose1 & n to h ev5 ! la/1 ! common com=t1 hope1 :i*1 accord+ to y\r pr9ciples1 none c h2 = y say t fate gov]ns all ?+s1 & call t fate :i* has be5 true f all et]nity4 ,:at advantage1 !n1 is ! k ( futurity to u1 or h[ does x assi/ u to gu>d aga9/ imp5d+ evils1 s9ce x w come inevitably8 ,b :5ce comes t div9ation8 ,to :om is ow+ t k f ! entrails ( bea/s8 ,:o fir/ made obs]vations f ! voice ( ! cr[8 ,:o inv5t$ ! ,lots8#bde ,n t ,i give no cr$it to ^! ?+s1 or t ,i despise ,attius ,navius's /aff1 :i* y m5tion$2 b ,i ought to be in=m$ h[ ^! ?+s are und]/ood by philosoph]s1 especially z ! div9]s are (t5 wrong 9 _! conjectures4 ,b physicians1 y say1 are likewise (t5 mi/ak54 ,:at comp>ison c !re be betwe5 div9ation1 ( ! orig9 ( :i* we are ignorant1 & physic1 :i* proce$s on pr9ciples intelligible to e "o8 ,y believe t ! ,decii1#bdf 9 devot+ !mselves to dea?1 appeas$ ! ,gods4 ,h[ great1 !n1 0 ! iniquity ( ! ,gods t !y c\ld n be appeas$ b at ! price ( su* noble blood6 ,t 0 ! /ratagem ( g5]als su* z ! ,greeks call ,greek3 /ratgma1 & x 0 a /ratagem wor?y su* illu/ri\s lead]s1 :o consult$ ! public good ev5 at ! exp5se ( _! lives3 !y conceiv$ rightly1 :at inde$ happ5$1 t if ! g5]al rode furi\sly ^u ! enemy1 ! :ole army w\ld foll[ 8 example4 ,z to ! voice ( ! ,fauns1 ,i nev] he>d x4 ,if y assure me t y h1 ,i %all believe y1 ?\gh ,i really "k n :at a ,faun is4 ,,vii4 ,i d n1 !n1 ,o ,balbus1 f any?+ t y h said1 p]ceive z yet t x is prov$ t !re are ,gods4 ,i believe x1 inde$1 b n f any argum5ts ( ! ,/oics4 ,clean!s1 y h said1 attributes ! idea t m5 h ( ! ,gods to f\r causes4 ,9 ! fir/ place 7z ,i h already suffici5tly m5tion$71 to a =ekn[l$ge ( future ev5ts2 secondly1 to tempe/s1 & o!r %ocks ( nature2 ?irdly1 to ! utility & pl5ty ( ?+s we enjoy2 f\r?ly1 to ! inv>iable ord] ( ! />s & ! heav5s4 ,! argum5ts drawn f =ekn[l$ge ,i h already answ]$4 ,) reg>d to tempe/s 9 ! air1 ! sea1 & ! e>?1 ,i own t _m p are affright$ by !m1 & imag9e t ! immortal ,gods are ! au?ors ( !m4 ,b ! "q is1 n :e!r !re are p :o believe t !re are ,gods1 b :e!r !re are ,gods or n4 ,z to ! two o!r causes ( ,clean!s1 "o ( :i* is d]iv$ f ! great abundance ( desirable ?+s :i* we enjoy1 ! o!r f ! inv>iable ord] ( ! seasons & ! heav5s1 ,i %all treat on !m :5 ,i answ] y\r disc\rse conc]n+ ! provid5ce ( ! ,gods--a po9t1 ,balbus1 ^u :i* y h spok5 at great l5g?4 ,i %all likewise def] till !n exam9+ ! argum5t :i* y attribute to ,*rysippus1 t if !re is 9 nature any?+ :i* surpasses ! p[] ( man to produce1 !re mu/ consequ5tly be "s be+ bett] ?an man4 ,i %all also po/pone1 till we come to t "p ( my argum5t1 y\r comp>ison ( ! _w to a f9e h\se1 y\r obs]vations on ! proportion & h>mony ( ! univ]se1 & ^? sm>t1 %ort reasons ( ,z5o :i* y quote2 & ,i %all exam9e at ! same "t y\r reasons drawn f natural philosophy1 conc]n+ t fi]y =ce & t vital heat :i* y reg>d z ! pr9ciple ( all ?+s2 & ,i w inve/igate1 9 its prop] place1 all t y advanc$ ! o!r day on ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods1 & on ! s5se & und]/&+ :i* y attribut$ to ! sun1 ! moon1 & all ! />s2 & ,i %all ask y ?is "q ov] & ov] aga91 ,by :at pro(s are y conv9c$ y\rself !re are ,gods8 ,,viii4 ,i ?\ght1 says ,balbus1 t ,i _h br\ght ample pro(s to e/abli% ?is po9t4 ,b su* is y\r mann] ( oppos+1 t1 :5 y seem on ! po9t ( int]rogat+ me1 & :5 ,i am prep>+ to answ]1 y sudd5ly div]t ! disc\rse1 & give me no opportunity to reply to y2 & ?us ^? mo/ important po9ts conc]n+ div9ation & fate are neglect$ :i* we ,/oics h ?or\ghly exam9$1 b :i* y\r s*ool has only slightly t\*$ ^u4 ,b !y are n ?\ght ess5tial to ! "q 9 h&2 !re=e1 if y ?9k prop]1 d n confuse !m toge!r1 t we 9 ?is discussion may come to a cle> explanation ( ! subject ( our pres5t inquiry4 ,v well1 says ,cotta4 ,s9ce1 !n1 y h divid$ ! :ole "q into f\r p>ts1 & ,i h said all t ,i _h to say on ! fir/1 ,i w take ! second into consid]ation2 9 :i*1 :5 y attempt$ to %[ :at ! "* ( ! ,gods 01 y seem$ to me r to prove t !re are none2 = y said t x 0 ! greate/ difficulty to draw our m9ds f ! prepossessions ( ! eyes2 b t z no?+ is m excell5t ?an ! ,deity1 y did n d\bt t ! _w 0 ,god1 because !re is no?+ bett] 9 nature ?an ! _w1 & s we may reasonably ?9k x animat$1 or1 r1 p]ceive x 9 our m9ds z cle>ly z if x 7 obvi\s to our eyes4 ,n[1 9 :at s5se d y say !re is no?+ bett] ?an ! _w8 ,if y mean t !re is no?+ m beautiful1 ,i agree ) y2 t !re is no?+ m adapt$ to our wants1 ,i likewise agree ) y3 b if y mean t no?+ is wis] ?an ! _w1 ,i am by no means ( y\r op9ion4 ,n t ,i f9d x difficult to conceive any?+ 9 my m9d indep5d5t ( my eyes2 on ! contr>y1 ! m ,i sep>ate my m9d f my eyes1 ! less ,i am able to compreh5d y\r op9ion4 ,,ix4 ,no?+ is bett] ?an ! _w1 y say4 ,nor is !re1 inde$1 any?+ on e>? bett] ?an ! city ( ,rome2 d y ?9k1 !re=e1 t our city has a m9d2 t x ?9ks & reasons2 or t ?is mo/ beautiful city1 be+ void ( s5se1 is n pref]able to an ant1 because an ant has s5se1 und]/&+1 reason1 & memory8 ,y %\ld consid]1 ,balbus1 :at ought to be all[$ y1 & n advance ?+s because !y please y4 ,= t old1 concise1 &1 z x seem$ to y1 acute syllogism ( ,z5o has be5 all :i* y h s mu* enl>g$ ^u 9 h&l+ ?is topic3 ,t :i* reasons is sup]ior to t :i* does n2 no?+ is sup]ior to ! _w2 !re=e ! _w reasons4 ,if y w\ld prove also t ! _w c v well read a book1 foll[ ! example ( ,z5o1 & say1 ,t :i* c read is bett] ?an t :i* _c2 no?+ is bett] ?an ! _w2 ! _w !re=e c read4 ,aft] ! same mann] y may prove ! _w to be an orator1 a ma!matician1 a musician--t x possesses all sci5ces1 &1 9 %ort1 is a philosoph]4 ,y h (t5 said t ,god made all ?+s1 & t no cause c produce an effect unlike itself4 ,f h5ce x w foll[1 n only t ! _w is animat$1 & is wise1 b also plays ^u ! fiddle & ! flute1 because x produces m5 :o play on ^? in/rum5ts4 ,z5o1 !re=e1 ! *ief ( y\r sect1 advances no argum5t suffici5t to induce u to ?9k t ! _w reasons1 or1 inde$1 t x is animat$ at all1 & consequ5tly none to ?9k x a ,deity2 ?\gh x may be said t !re is no?+ sup]ior to x1 z !re is no?+ m beautiful1 no?+ m useful to u1 no?+ m adorn$1 & no?+ m regul> 9 its motions4 ,b if ! _w1 consid]$ z "o great :ole1 is n ,god1 y %\ld n surely deify1 z y h done1 t inf9ite multitude ( />s :i* only =m a "p ( x1 & :i* s delight y ) ! regul>ity ( _! et]nal c\rses2 n b t !re is some?+ truly wond]ful & incr$ible 9 _! regul>ity2 b ?is regul>ity ( motion1 ,balbus1 may z well be ascrib$ to a natural z to a div9e cause4 ,x4 ,:at c be m regul> ?an ! flux & reflux ( ! ,euripus at ,*alcis1 ! ,sicilian sea1 & ! viol5ce ( ! ocean 9 ^? p>ts#bdg :]e ! rapid tide ,does ,europe f ! ,libyan coa/ divide8 ,! same appe>s on ! ,spani% & ,briti% coa/s4 ,mu/ we conclude t "s ,deity appo9ts & directs ^! ebb+s & fl[+s to c]ta9 fix$ times8 ,consid]1 ,i pray1 if ev]y?+ :i* is regul> 9 its motion is deem$ div9e1 :e!r x w n foll[ t t]tian & qu>tan agues mu/ likewise be s1 z _! returns h ! greate/ regul>ity4 ,^! effects are to be expla9$ by reason2 b1 because y are unable to assign any1 y h rec\rse to a ,deity z y\r la/ refuge4 ,! argum5ts ( ,*rysippus appe>$ to y ( great weight2 a man und\bt$ly ( great quickness & subtlety 7,i call ^? quick :o h a sprightly turn ( ?\ght1 & ^? subtle ^: m9ds are season$ by use z _! h&s are by labor73 ,if1 says he1 !re is any?+ :i* is beyond ! p[] ( man to produce1 ! be+ :o produces x is bett] ?an man4 ,man is unable to make :at is 9 ! _w2 ! be+1 !re=e1 t c\ld d x is sup]ior to man4 ,:at be+ is !re b a ,god sup]ior to man8 ,!re=e !re is a ,god4 ,^! argum5ts are f\nd$ on ! same errone\s pr9ciples z ,z5o's1 = he does n def9e :at is meant by be+ bett] or m excell5t1 or di/+ui% betwe5 an intellig5t cause & a natural cause4 ,*rysippus adds1 ,if !re are no ,gods1 !re is no?+ bett] ?an man2 b we _c1 )\t ! highe/ arrogance1 h ?is idea ( ourselves4 ,let u grant t x is arrogance 9 man to ?9k himself bett] ?an ! _w2 b to compreh5d t he has und]/&+ & reason1 & t 9 ,orion & ,canicula !re is nei!r1 is no arrogance1 b an indication ( good s5se4 ,s9ce we suppose1 cont9ues he1 :5 we see a beautiful h\se1 t x 0 built = ! ma/]1 & n = mice1 we %\ld likewise judge t ! _w is ! mansion ( ! ,gods4 ,yes1 if ,i believ$ t ! ,gods built ! _w2 b n if1 z ,i believe1 & int5d to prove1 x is ! "w ( nature4 ,,xi4 ,socrates1 9 ,x5ophon1 asks1 ,:5ce _h man 8 und]/&+1 if !re 0 none 9 ! _w8 ,& ,i ask1 ,:5ce _h we spee*1 h>mony1 s++2 unless we ?9k x is ! sun conv]s+ ) ! moon :5 %e approa*es ne> x1 or t ! _w =ms an h>moni\s conc]t1 z ,py?agoras imag9es8 ,?is1 ,balbus1 is ! effect ( nature2 n ( t nature :i* proce$s artificially1 z ,z5o says1 & ! "* ( :i* ,i %all pres5tly exam9e into1 b a nature :i*1 by its own prop] motions & mutations1 modifies ev]y?+4 ,= ,i readily agree to :at y said ab\t ! h>mony & g5]al agreem5t ( nature1 :i* y pron\nc$ to be firmly b\nd & unit$ toge!r1 z x 71 by ties ( blood2 b ,i d n approve ( :at y add$1 t x c\ld n possibly be s1 unless x 7 s unit$ by "o div9e _s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! :ole subsi/s by ! p[] ( nature1 indep5d5tly ( ! ,gods1 & !re is a k9d ( sympa?y 7z ! ,greeks call x7 :i* jo9s toge!r all ! p>ts ( ! univ]se2 & ! great] t is 9 its own p[]1 ! less is x necess>y to h rec\rse to a div9e intellig5ce4 ,,xii4 ,b h[ w y get rid ( ! objections :i* ,c>neades made8 ,if1 says he1 !re is no body immortal1 !re is none et]nal2 b !re is no body immortal1 nor ev5 indivisible1 or t _c be sep>at$ & disunit$2 & z e animal is 9 its nature passive1 s !re is n "o :i* is n subject to ! impressions ( extrane\s bodies2 none1 t is to say1 :i* c avoid ! necessity ( endur+ & suff]+3 & if e animal is mortal1 !re is none immortal2 s1 likewise1 if e animal may be cut up & divid$1 !re is none indivisible1 none et]nal1 b all are liable to be affect$ by1 & compell$ to submit to1 ext]nal p[]4 ,e animal1 !re=e1 is necess>ily mortal1 dissoluble1 & divisible4 ,= z !re is no wax1 no silv]1 no brass :i* _c be conv]t$ into some?+ else1 :atev] is compos$ ( wax1 or silv]1 or brass may cease to be :at x is4 ,by ! same reason1 if all ! elem5ts are mutable1 e body is mutable4 ,n[1 accord+ to y\r doctr9e1 all ! elem5ts are mutable2 all bodies1 !re=e1 are mutable4 ,b if !re 7 any body immortal1 !n all bodies w\ld n be mutable4 ,e body1 !n1 is mortal2 = e body is ei!r wat]1 air1 fire1 or e>?1 or compos$ ( ! f\r elem5ts toge!r1 or ( "s ( !m4 ,n[1 !re is n "o ( all ^! elem5ts t does n p]i%2 = e>?ly bodies are fragile3 wat] is s s(t t ! lea/ %ock w sep>ate its p>ts1 & fire & air yield to ! lea/ impulse1 & are subject to dissolution2 besides1 any ( ^! elem5ts p]i% :5 conv]t$ into ano!r nature1 z :5 wat] is =m$ f e>?1 ! air f wat]1 & ! sky f air1 & :5 !y *ange 9 ! same mann] back aga94 ,!re=e1 if !re is no?+ b :at is p]i%able 9 ! composition ( all animals1 !re is no animal et]nal4 ,,xiii4 ,b1 n to insi/ on ^! argum5ts1 !re is no animal to be f\nd t _h n a beg9n+1 & w n h an end2 = e animal be+ s5sitive1 !y are consequ5tly all s5sible ( cold & heat1 sweet & bitt]2 nor c !y h pleas+ s5sations )\t be+ subject to ! contr>y4 ,z1 !re=e1 !y receive pleasure1 !y likewise receive pa92 & :atev] be+ is subject to pa9 mu/ necess>ily be subject to dea?4 ,x mu/ be all[$1 !re=e1 t e animal is mortal4 ,besides1 a be+ t is n s5sible ( pleasure or pa9 _c h ! ess5ce ( an animal2 if1 !n1 on ! "o h&1 e animal mu/ be s5sible ( pleasure & pa91 & if1 on ! o!r1 e be+ t has ^! s5sations _c be immortal1 we may conclude t z !re is no animal ins5sible1 !re is none immortal4 ,besides1 !re is no animal )\t incl9ation & av]sion--an incl9ation to t :i* is agreeable to nature1 & an av]sion to ! contr>y3 !re are 9 ! case ( e animal "s ?+s :i* !y covet1 & o!rs !y reject4 ,:at !y reject are repugnant to _! nature1 & consequ5tly w\ld de/roy !m4 ,e animal1 !re=e1 is inevitably subject to be de/roy$4 ,!re are innum]able argum5ts to prove t :atev] is s5sitive is p]i%able2 = cold1 heat1 pleasure1 pa91 & all t affects ! s5se1 :5 !y become excessive1 cause de/ruction4 ,s9ce1 !n1 !re is no animal t is n s5sitive1 !re is none immortal4 ,,xiv4 ,! sub/ance ( an animal is ei!r simple or comp\nd2 simple1 if x is compos$ only ( e>?1 ( fire1 ( air1 or ( wat] 7& ( su* a sort ( be+ we c =m no idea72 comp\nd1 if x is =m$ ( diff]5t elem5ts1 :i* h ea* _! prop] situation1 & h a natural t5d5cy to x--?is elem5t t5d+ t[>ds ! highe/ p>ts1 t t[>ds ! l[e/1 & ano!r t[>ds ! middle4 ,?is conjunction may = "s "t subsi/1 b n =ev]2 = e elem5t mu/ return to its fir/ situation4 ,no animal1 !re=e1 is et]nal4 ,b y\r s*ool1 ,balbus1 all[s fire only to be ! sole active pr9ciple2 an op9ion :i* ,i believe y d]ive f ,h]aclitus1 :om "s m5 und]/& 9 "o s5se1 "s 9 ano!r3 b s9ce he seems unwill+ to be und]/ood1 we w pass him by4 ,y ,/oics1 !n1 say t fire is ! univ]sal pr9ciple ( all ?+s2 t all liv+ bodies cease to live on ! ext9ction ( t heat2 & t ?r\gh\t all nature :atev] is s5sible ( t heat lives & fl\ri%es4 ,n[1 ,i _c conceive t bodies %\ld p]i% = want ( heat1 r ?an = want ( moi/ure or air1 especially z !y ev5 die ?r\gh excess ( heat2 s t ! life ( animals does n dep5d m on fire ?an on ! o!r elem5ts4 ,h[ev]1 air & wat] h ?is quality 9 common ) fire & heat4 ,b let u see to :at ?is t5ds4 ,if ,i am n mi/ak51 y believe t 9 all nature !re is no?+ b fire1 :i* is self-animat$4 ,:y fire r ?an air1 ( :i* ! life ( animals consi/s1 & :i* is call$ f !nce anima1#bdh ! s\l8 ,b h[ is x t y take x = grant$ t life is no?+ b fire8 ,x seems m probable t x is a comp\nd ( fire & air4 ,b if fire is self-animat$1 unmix$ ) any o!r elem5t1 x mu/ be s5sitive1 because x r5d]s our bodies s5sitive2 & ! same objection :i* ,i j n[ made w arise1 t :atev] is s5sitive mu/ necess>ily be susceptible ( pleasure & pa91 & :atev] is s5sible ( pa9 is likewise subject to ! approa* ( dea?2 !re=e y _c prove fire to be et]nal4 ,y ,/oics hold t all fire has ne$ ( n\ri%m5t1 )\t :i* x _c possibly subsi/2 t ! sun1 moon1 & all ! />s are f$ ei!r ) fre% or salt wat]s2 & ! reason t ,clean!s gives :y ! sun is retrograde1 & does n g beyond ! tropics 9 ! summ] or w9t]1 is t he may n be too f> f 8 su/5ance4 ,?is ,i %all fully exam9e h]eaft]2 b at pres5t we may conclude t :atev] may cease to be _c ( its own nature be et]nal2 t if fire wants su/5ance1 x w cease to be1 & t1 !re=e1 fire is n ( its own nature et]nal4 ,,xv4 ,aft] all1 :at k9d ( a ,deity mu/ t be :o is n grac$ ) "o s+le virtue1 if we %\ld succe$ 9 =m+ ?is idea ( su* a "o8 ,mu/ we n attribute prud5ce to a ,deity8 a virtue :i* consi/s 9 ! k ( ?+s good1 bad1 & indiff]5t4 ,yet :at ne$ has a be+ = ! disc]nm5t ( good & ill :o nei!r has nor c h any ill8 ,( :at use is reason to him8 ( :at use is und]/&+8 ,we m51 inde$1 f9d !m useful to aid u 9 f9d+ out ?+s :i* are obscure by ^? :i* are cle> to u2 b no?+ c be obscure to a ,deity4 ,z to ju/ice1 :i* gives to e "o 8 own1 x is n ! conc]n ( ! ,gods2 s9ce t virtue1 accord+ to y\r doctr9e1 receiv$ its bir? f m5 & f civil society4 ,temp]ance consi/s 9 ab/95ce f corporeal pleasures1 & if su* ab/95ce ha? a place 9 heav51 s also mu/ ! pleasures ab/a9$ f4 ,la/ly1 if =titude is ascrib$ to ! ,deity1 h[ does x appe>8 ,9 afflictions1 9 labor1 9 dang]8 ,none ( ^! ?+s c affect a ,god4 ,h[1 !n1 c we conceive ?is to be a ,deity t makes no use ( reason1 & is n end[$ ) any virtue8 ,h[ev]1 :5 ,i consid] :at is advanc$ by ! ,/oics1 my contempt = ! ignorant multitude vani%es4 ,= ^! are _! div9ities4 ,! ,syrians wor%ipp$ a fi%4 ,! ,egyptians consecrat$ bea/s ( almo/ e k9d4 ,! ,greeks deifi$ _m m52 z ,alab&us#bdi at ,alab&1 ,t5es at ,t5$os2 & all ,greece pay div9e honors to ,leuco!a 7:o 0 be=e call$ ,ino71 to h] son ,palmon1 to ,h]cules1 to sculapius1 & to ! ,tynd>id2 our own p to ,romulus1 & to _m o!rs1 :o1 z citiz5s newly admitt$ into ! anci5t body1 !y imag9e h be5 receiv$ into heav54 ,^! are ! ,gods ( ! illit]ate4 ,,xvi4 ,:at are ! notions ( y philosoph]s8 ,9 :at respect are !y sup]ior to ^! ideas8 ,i %all pass !m ov]2 = !y are c]ta9ly v admirable4 ,let ! _w1 !n1 be a ,deity1 = t1 ,i conceive1 is :at y mean by ,! refulg5t heav5 above1 ,:i* all m5 call1 unanim\sly1 ,jove4 ,b :y are we to add _m m ,gods8 ,:at a multitude ( !m !re is6 ,at lea/1 x seems s to me2 = e con/ellation1 accord+ to y1 is a ,deity3 to "s y give ! "n ( bea/s1 z ! goat1 ! scorpion1 ! bull1 ! lion2 to o!rs ! names ( inanimate ?+s1 z ! %ip1 ! alt>1 ! cr[n4 ,b suppos+ ^! 7 to be all[$1 h[ c ! re/ be grant$1 or ev5 s mu* z und]/ood8 ,:5 we call corn ,c]es1 & w9e ,bac*us1 we make use ( ! common mann] ( speak+2 b d y ?9k any "o s mad z to believe t 8 food is a ,deity8 ,) reg>d to ^? :o1 y say1 f hav+ be5 m5 became ,gods1 ,i %\ld be v will+ to le>n ( y1 ei!r h[ x 0 possible =m]ly1 or1 if x _h ev] be51 :y is x n s n[8 ,i d n conceive1 z ?+s are at pres5t1 h[ ,h]cules1 ,burn'd ) fi]y tor*es on ,m\nt ,oeta1 z ,accius says1 %\ld rise1 ) ! flames1 ,to ! et]nal mansions ( 8 fa!r4 ,besides1 ,hom] also says t ,ulysses#bej met him 9 ! %ades bel[1 among ! o!r dead4 ,b yet ,i %\ld be glad to "k :i* ,h]cules we %\ld *iefly wor%ip2 = !y :o h se>*$ into ^? hi/ories1 :i* are b little kn[n1 tell u ( sev]al4 ,! mo/ anci5t is he :o f\ght ) ,apollo ab\t ! ,tripos ( ,delphi1 & is son ( ,jupit] & ,lisyto2 & ( ! mo/ anci5t ,jupit]s too1 = we f9d _m ,jupit]s also 9 ! ,grecian *ronicles4 ,! second is ! ,egyptian ,h]cules1 & is believ$ to be ! son ( ,nilus1 & to be ! au?or ( ! ,phrygian *>act]s4 ,! ?ird1 to :om !y (f]$ sacrifices1 is "o ( ! ,idi ,dactyli4#bea ,! f\r? is ! son ( ,jupit] & ,a/]ia1 ! si/] ( ,latona1 *iefly honor$ by ! ,tyrians1 :o pret5d t ,c>?ago#beb is 8 daught]4 ,! fif?1 call$ ,belus1 is wor%ipp$ 9 ,india4 ,! six? is ! son ( ,alcm5a by ,jupit]2 b by ! ?ird ,jupit]1 = !re are _m ,jupit]s1 z y %all soon see4 ,,xvii4 ,s9ce ?is exam9ation has l$ me s f>1 ,i w conv9ce y t 9 matt]s ( religion ,i h le>n$ m f ! pontifical rites1 ! cu/oms ( our ance/ors1 & ! vessels ( ,numa1#bec :i* ,llius m5tions 9 8 little ,gold5 ,oration1 ?an f all ! le>n+ ( ! ,/oics2 = tell me1 if ,i 7 a disciple ( y\r s*ool1 :at answ] c\ld ,i make to ^! que/ions8 ,if !re are ,gods1 are nymphs also ,goddesses8 ,if !y are ,goddesses1 are ,pans & ,satyrs 9 ! same rank8 ,b !y are n2 consequ5tly1 nymphs are n ,goddesses4 ,yet !y h temples publicly d$icat$ to !m4 ,:at d y conclude f !nce8 ,o!rs :o h temples are n !re=e ,gods4 ,b let u g on4 ,y call ,jupit] & ,neptune ,gods2 _! bro!r ,pluto1 !n1 is "o2 & if s1 ^? riv]s also are ,deities :i* !y say fl[ 9 ! inf]nal regions--,a*]on1 ,cocytus1 ,pyriphlege?on2 ,*>on also1 & ,c]b]us1 are ,gods2 b t _c be all[$2 nor c ,pluto be plac$ among ! ,deities4 ,:at1 !n1 w y say ( 8 bro!rs8 ,?us reasons ,c>neades2 n ) any design to de/roy ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods 7= :at w\ld less become a philosoph]871 b to conv9ce u t on t matt] ! ,/oics h said no?+ plausible4 ,if1 !n1 ,jupit] & ,neptune are ,gods1 adds he1 c t div9ity be d5i$ to _! fa!r ,saturn1 :o is pr9cipally wor%ipp$ ?r\gh\t ! ,we/8 ,if ,saturn is a ,god1 !n mu/ 8 fa!r1 ,coelus1 be "o too1 & s mu/ ! p>5ts ( ,coelus1 :i* are ! ,sky & ,day1 z also _! bro!rs & si/]s1 :i* by anci5t g5ealogi/s are ?us nam$3 ,love1 ,deceit1 ,fe>1 ,labor1 ,envy1 ,fate1 ,old ,age1 ,dea?1 ,d>kness1 ,mis]y1 ,lam5tation1 ,favor1 ,fraud1 ,ob/9acy1 ! ,de/9ies1 ! ,hesp]ides1 & ,dreams2 all :i* are ! (fspr+ ( ,erebus & ,night4 ,^! mon/r\s ,deities1 !re=e1 mu/ be receiv$1 or else ^? f :om !y sprung mu/ be disall[$4 ,,xviii4 ,if y say t ,apollo1 ,vulcan1 ,m]cury1 & ! re/ ( t sort are ,gods1 c y d\bt ! div9ity ( ,h]cules & sculapius1 ,bac*us1 ,ca/or & ,pollux8 ,^! are wor%ipp$ z mu* z ^?1 & ev5 m 9 "s places4 ,!re=e !y mu/ be numb]$ among ! ,gods1 ?\gh on ! "m's side !y are only ( mortal race4 ,ari/u1 :o is said to h be5 ! son ( ,apollo1 & to h f\nd out ! art ( mak+ oil f ! olive2 ,!seus1 ! son ( ,neptune2 & ! re/ ^: fa!rs 7 ,deities1 %all !y n be plac$ 9 ! numb] ( ! ,gods8 ,b :at ?9k y ( ^? ^: mo!rs 7 ,goddesses8 ,!y surely h a bett] title to div9ity2 =1 9 ! civil law1 z he is a freeman :o is born ( a freewoman1 s1 9 ! law ( nature1 he ^: "m is a ,goddess mu/ be a ,god4 ,! isle ,a/ypala religi\sly honor ,a*illes2 & if he is a ,deity1 ,orpheus & ,rhesus are s1 :o 7 born ( "o ( ! ,muses2 unless1 p]haps1 !re may be a privilege belong+ to sea m>riages :i* l& m>riages h n4 ,orpheus & ,rhesus are n[h]e wor%ipp$2 & if !y are !re=e n ,gods1 because !y are n[h]e wor%ipp$ z su*1 h[ c ! o!rs be ,deities8 ,y1 ,balbus1 seem$ to agree ) me t ! honors :i* !y receiv$ 7 n f _! be+ reg>d$ z immortals1 b z m5 ri*ly endu$ ) virtue4 ,b if y ?9k ,latona a ,goddess1 h[ c y avoid admitt+ ,hecate to be "o also1 :o 0 ! daught] ( ,a/]ia1 ,latona's si/]8 ,c]ta9ly %e is "o1 if we may judge by ! alt>s erect$ to h] 9 ,greece4 ,& if ,hecate is a ,goddess1 h[ c y refuse t rank to ! ,eum5ides8 = !y also h a temple at ,a!ns1 &1 if ,i und]/& "r1 ! ,romans h consecrat$ a grove to !m4 ,! ,furies1 too1 :om we look ^u z ! inspectors into & sc\rges ( impiety1 ,i suppose1 mu/ h _! div9ity too4 ,z y hold t !re is "s div9ity presides ov] e human affair1 !re is "o :o presides ov] ! travail ( matrons1 ^: "n1 ,natio1 is d]iv$ a nasc5tibus1 f nativities1 & to :om we us$ to sacrifice 9 our processions 9 ! fields ( ,arda2 b if %e is a ,deity1 we mu/ likewise ackn[l$ge all ^? y m5tion$1 ,honor1 ,fai?1 ,intellect1 ,concord2 by ! same rule also1 ,hope1 ,juno1 ,moneta1#bed & e idle phantom1 e *ild ( our imag9ation1 are ,deities4 ,b z ?is consequ5ce is q inadmissible1 d n y ei!r def5d ! cause f :i* x fl[s4 ,,xix4 ,:at say y to ?is8 ,if ^! are ,deities1 :i* we wor%ip & reg>d z su*1 :y are n ,s]apis & ,isis#bee plac$ 9 ! same rank8 ,& if !y are admitt$1 :at reason h we to reject ! ,gods ( ! b>b>ians8 ,?us we %\ld deify ox51 horses1 ! ibis1 hawks1 asps1 crocodiles1 fi%es1 dogs1 wolves1 cats1 & _m o!r bea/s4 ,if we g back to ! s\rce ( ?is sup]/ition1 we mu/ equally condemn all ! ,deities f :i* !y proce$4 ,%all ,ino1 :om ! ,greeks call ,leuco!a1 & we ,matuta1 be reput$ a ,goddess1 because %e 0 ! daught] ( ,cadmus1 & %all t title be refus$ to ,circe & ,pasiphae1#bef :o _h ! sun = _! fa!r1 & ,p]seis1 daught] ( ! ,ocean1 = _! "m8 ,x is true1 ,circe has div9e honors paid h] by our colony ( ,circum2 !re=e y call h] a ,goddess2 b :at w y say ( ,m$ea1 ! gr&daught] ( ! ,sun & ! ,ocean1 & daught] ( etes & ,idyia8 ,:at w y say ( h] bro!r ,absyrtus1 :om ,pacuvius calls gialeus1 ?\gh ! o!r "n is m frequ5t 9 ! writ+s ( ! anci5ts8 ,if y did n deify "o z well z ! o!r1 :at w become ( ,ino8 = all ^! ,deities h ! same orig94 ,%all ,amphi>aus & ,tryphonius be call$ ,gods8 ,our publicans1 :5 "s l&s 9 ,boeotia 7 exempt$ f ! tax1 z belong+ to ! immortal ,gods1 d5i$ t any 7 immortal :o _h be5 m54 ,b if y deify ^!1 ,ere*!us surely is a ,god1 ^: temple & prie/ we h se5 at ,a!ns4 ,& c y1 !n1 refuse to ackn[l$ge also ,codrus1 & _m o!rs :o %$ _! blood = ! pres]vation ( _! c\ntry8 ,& if x is n all[able to consid] all ^! m5 z ,gods1 !n1 c]ta9ly1 probabilities are n 9 favor ( our ackn[l$g+ ! ,div9ity ( ^? previ\sly m5tion$ be+s f :om ^! h proce$$4 ,x is easy to obs]ve1 likewise1 t if 9 _m c\ntries p h paid div9e honors to ! memory ( ^? :o h signaliz$ _! c\rage1 x 0 done 9 ord] to animate o!rs to practise virtue1 & to expose !mselves ! m will+ly to dang]s 9 _! c\ntry's cause4 ,f ?is motive ! ,a!nians h deifi$ ,ere*!us & 8 daught]s1 & h erect$ also a temple1 call$ ,leocorion1 to ! daught]s ( ,leus4#beg ,alab&us is m honor$ 9 ! city :i* he f\nd$ ?an any ( ! m illu/ri\s ,deities2 f !nce ,/ratonicus _h a pleasant turn--z he _h _m--:5 he 0 tr\bl$ ) an imp]t95t fell[ :o insi/$ t ,alab&us 0 a ,god1 b t ,h]cules 0 n2 ,v well1 says he1 !n let ! ang] ( ,alab&us fall ^u me1 & t ( ,h]cules ^u y4 ,,xx4 ,d y n consid]1 ,balbus1 to :at l5g?s y\r argum5ts = ! div9ity ( ! heav5 & ! />s w c>ry y8 ,y deify ! sun & ! moon1 :i* ! ,greeks take to be ,apollo & ,diana4 ,if ! moon is a ,deity1 ! morn+-/>1 ! o!r planets1 & all ! fix$ />s are also ,deities2 & :y %all n ! ra9b[ be plac$ 9 t numb]8 = x is s wond]fully beautiful t x is ju/ly said to be ! daught] ( ,?aumas4#beh ,b if y deify ! ra9b[1 :at reg>d w y pay to ! cl\ds8 = ! colors :i* appe> 9 ! b[ are only =m$ ( ! cl\ds1 "o ( :i* is said to h br\ght =? ! ,c5taurs2 & if y deify ! cl\ds1 y _c pay less reg>d to ! seasons1 :i* ! ,roman p h really consecrat$4 ,tempe/s1 %[]s1 /orms1 & :irlw9ds mu/ !n be ,deities4 ,x is c]ta91 at lea/1 t our capta9s us$ to sacrifice a victim to ! waves be=e !y emb>k$ on any voyage4 ,z y deify ! e>? "u ! "n ( ,c]es1#bei because1 z y said1 %e be>s fruits 7a g]5do71 & ! ocean "u t ( ,neptune1 riv]s & f\nta9s h ! same "r4 ,?us we see t ,maso1 ! conqu]or ( ,corsica1 d$icat$ a temple to a f\nta91 & ! names ( ! ,tib]1 ,sp9o1 ,almo1 ,nod9us1 & o!r neighbor+ riv]s are 9 ! pray]s#bfj ( ! augurs4 ,!re=e1 ei!r ! numb] ( su* ,deities w be inf9ite1 or we mu/ admit none ( !m1 & :olly disapprove ( su* an endless s]ies ( sup]/ition4 ,,xxi4 ,none ( all ^! ass]tions1 !n1 are to be admitt$4 ,i mu/ proce$ n[1 ,balbus1 to answ] ^? :o say t1 ) reg>d to ^? deifi$ mortals1 s religi\sly & dev\tly rev]5c$1 ! public op9ion %\ld h ! =ce ( reality4 ,to beg91 !n3 !y :o are call$ !ologi/s say t !re are ?ree ,jupit]s2 ! fir/ & second ( :om 7 born 9 ,arcadia2 "o ( :om 0 ! son ( !r1 & fa!r ( ,pros]p9e & ,bac*us2 ! o!r ! son ( ,coelus1 & fa!r ( ,m9]va1 :o is call$ ! ,goddess & inv5tress ( w>2 ! ?ird "o born ( ,saturn 9 ! isle ( ,crete1#bfa :]e 8 sepul*re is %[n4 ,! sons ( ,jupit] 7,greek3 ,diosk\roi7 also1 among ! ,greeks1 h _m names2 fir/1 ! ?ree :o at ,a!ns h ! title ( ,anactes1#bfb ,tritopatreus1 ,eubuleus1 & ,dionysus1 sons ( ! mo/ anci5t k+ ,jupit] & ,pros]p9e2 ! next are ,ca/or & ,pollux1 sons ( ! ?ird ,jupit] & ,l$a2 &1 la/ly1 ?ree o!rs1 by "s call$ ,alco1#bfc ,melampus1 & ,tmolus1 sons ( ,atreus1 ! son ( ,pelops4 ,z to ! ,muses1 !re 7 at fir/ f\r--,!lxiope1 ,ao$e1 ,ar*e1 & ,melete--daught]s ( ! second ,jupit]2 aft]w>d !re 7 n9e1 daught]s ( ! ?ird ,jupit] & ,mnemosyne2 !re 7 also n9e o!rs1 hav+ ! same appellations1 born ( ,pi]us & ,antiopa1 by ! poets usually call$ ,pi]ides & ,pi]i4 ,?\gh ,sol 7! sun7 is s call$1 y say1 because he is solus 7s+le72 yet h[ _m suns d !ologi/s m5tion8 ,!re is "o1 ! son ( ,jupit] & gr&son ( !r2 ano!r1 ! son ( ,hyp]ion2 a ?ird1 :o1 ! ,egyptians say1 0 ( ! city ,heliopolis1 sprung f ,vulcan1 ! son ( ,nilus2 a f\r? is said to h be5 born at ,rhodes ( ,acan?o1 9 ! times ( ! h]oes1 & 0 ! gr&fa!r ( ,jalysus1 ,camirus1 & ,l9dus2 a fif?1 ( :om1 x is pret5d$1 ,aretes & ,circe 7 born at ,col*is4 ,,xxii4 ,!re are likewise sev]al ,vulcans4 ,! fir/ 7:o _h ( ,m9]va t ,apollo :om ! anci5t hi/orians call ! tutel>y ,god ( ,a!ns7 0 ! son ( ,coelus2 ! second1 :om ! ,egyptians call ,opas1#bfd & :om !y look$ ^u z ! protector ( ,egypt1 is ! son ( ,nilus2 ! ?ird1 :o is said to h be5 ! ma/] ( ! =ges at ,lemnos1 0 ! son ( ! ?ird ,jupit] & ( ,juno2 ! f\r?1 :o possess$ ! isl&s ne> ,sicily call$ ,vulcani1#bfe 0 ! son ( ,m5alius4 ,"o ,m]cury _h ,coelus = 8 fa!r & ,dies = 8 "m2 ano!r1 :o is said to dwell 9 a cav]n1 & is ! same z ,trophonius1 is ! son ( ,val5s & ,phoronis4 ,a ?ird1 ( :om1 & ( ,p5elope1 ,pan 0 ! (fspr+1 is ! son ( ! ?ird ,jupit] & ,maia4 ,a f\r?1 :om ! ,egyptians ?9k x a crime to "n1 is ! son ( ,nilus4 ,a fif?1 :om we call1 9 _! language1 ,?o?1 z ) !m ! fir/ mon? ( ! ye> is call$1 is he :om ! p ( ,ph5eum#bff wor%ip1 & :o is said to h kill$ ,argus1 to h fl$ = x into ,egypt1 & to h giv5 laws & le>n+ to ! ,egyptians4 ,! fir/ ( ! sculapii1 ! ,god ( ,arcadia1 :o is said to h inv5t$ ! probe & to h be5 ! fir/ p]son :o taught m5 to use b&ages = w\nds1 is ! son ( ,apollo4 ,! second1 :o 0 kill$ ) ?und]1 & is said to be buri$ 9 ,cynosura1#bfg is ! bro!r ( ! second ,m]cury4 ,! ?ird1 :o is said to h f\nd out ! art ( purg+ ! /oma*1 & ( draw+ tee?1 is ! son ( ,arsippus & ,ars9oe2 & 9 ,arcadia !re is %[n 8 tomb1 & ! wood :i* is consecrat$ to him1 ne> ! riv] ,lusium4 ,,xxiii4 ,i h already spok5 ( ! mo/ anci5t ( ! ,apollos1 :o is ! son ( ,vulcan1 & tutel> ,god ( ,a!ns4 ,!re is ano!r1 son ( ,corybas1 & native ( ,crete1 = :i* isl& he is said to h cont5d$ ) ,jupit] himself4 ,a ?ird1 :o came f ! regions ( ! ,hyp]borei#bfh to ,delphi1 is ! son ( ! ?ird ,jupit] & ( ,latona4 ,a f\r? 0 ( ,arcadia1 :om ! ,arcadians call$ ,nomio1#bfi because !y reg>d$ him z _! legislator4 ,!re are likewise _m ,dianas4 ,! fir/1 :o is ?\ght to be ! "m ( ! w+$ ,cupid1 is ! daught] ( ,jupit] & ,pros]p9e4 ,! second1 :o is m kn[n1 is daught] ( ! ?ird ,jupit] & ( ,latona4 ,! ?ird1 :om ! ,greeks (t5 call by h] fa!r's "n1 is ! daught] ( ,upis#bgj & ,glauce4 ,!re are _m also ( ! ,dionysi4 ,! fir/ 0 ! son ( ,jupit] & ,pros]p9e4 ,! second1 :o is said to h kill$ ,nysa1 0 ! son ( ,nilus4 ,! ?ird1 :o reign$ 9 ,asia1 & = :om ! ,sabazia#bga 7 in/itut$1 0 ! son ( ,caprius4 ,! f\r?1 = :om !y celebrate ! ,orphic fe/ivals1 sprung f ,jupit] & ,luna4 ,! fif?1 :o is suppos$ to h in/itut$ ! ,triet]ides1 0 ! son ( ,nysus & ,?yone4 ,! fir/ ,v5us1 :o has a temple at ,elis1 0 ! daught] ( ,coelus & ,dies4 ,! second arose out ( ! fro? ( ! sea1 & became1 by ,m]cury1 ! "m ( ! second ,cupid4 ,! ?ird1 ! daught] ( ,jupit] & ,diana1 0 m>ri$ to ,vulcan1 b is said to h _h ,ant]os by ,m>s4 ,! f\r? 0 a ,syrian1 born ( ,tyro1 :o is call$ ,a/>te1 & is said to h be5 m>ri$ to ,adonis4 ,i h already m5tion$ "o ,m9]va1 "m ( ,apollo4 ,ano!r1 :o is wor%ipp$ at ,sais1 a city 9 ,egypt1 sprung f ,nilus4 ,! ?ird1 :om ,i h also m5tion$1 0 daught] ( ,jupit]4 ,! f\r?1 sprung f ,jupit] & ,coryphe1 ! daught] ( ! ,ocean2 ! ,arcadians call h] ,coria1 & make h] ! inv5tress ( *>iots4 ,a fif?1 :om !y pa9t ) w+s at h] heels1 0 daught] ( ,pallas1 & is said to h kill$ h] fa!r = endeavor+ to violate h] *a/ity4 ,! fir/ ,cupid is said to be ! son ( ,m]cury & ! fir/ ,diana2 ! second1 ( ,m]cury & ! second ,v5us2 ! ?ird1 :o is ! same z ,ant]os1 ( ,m>s & ! ?ird ,v5us4 ,all ^! op9ions arise f old /ories t 7 spread 9 ,greece2 ! belief 9 :i*1 ,balbus1 y well "k1 ought to be /opp$1 le/ religion %\ld suff]4 ,b y ,/oics1 s f> f refut+ !m1 ev5 give !m au?ority by ! my/]i\s s5se :i* y pret5d to f9d 9 !m4 ,c y1 !n1 ?9k1 aft] ?is pla9 refutation1 t !re is ne$ to employ m subtle reason+s8 ,b to return f ?is digression4 ,,xxiv4 ,we see t ! m9d1 fai?1 hope1 virtue1 honor1 victory1 heal?1 concord1 & ?+s ( su* k9d1 are purely natural1 & h no?+ ( div9ity 9 !m2 = ei!r !y are inh]5t 9 u1 z ! m9d1 fai?1 hope1 virtue1 & concord are2 or else !y are to be desir$1 z honor1 heal?1 & victory4 ,i "k inde$ t !y are useful to u1 & see t /atues h be5 religi\sly erect$ = !m2 b z to _! div9ity1 ,i %all beg9 to believe x :5 y h prov$ x = c]ta94 ,( ?is k9d ,i may p>ticul>ly m5tion ,=tune1 :i* is all[$ to be ev] insep>able f incon/ancy & tem]ity1 :i* are c]ta9ly qualities unwor?y ( a div9e be+4 ,b :at delight d y take 9 ! explication ( fables1 & 9 ! etymology ( names8--t ,coelus 0 ca/rat$ by 8 son1 & t ,saturn 0 b\nd 9 *a9s by 8 son6 ,by y\r def5ce ( ^! & su* l fictions y w\ld make ! au?ors ( !m appe> n only n to be madm51 b to h be5 ev5 v wise4 ,b ! pa9s :i* y take ) y\r etymologies des]ve our pity4 ,t ,saturn is s call$ because se saturat annis1 he is full ( ye>s2 ,mavors1 ,m>s1 because magna vortit1 he br+s ab\t mighty *anges2 ,m9]va1 because m9uit1 %e dim9i%es1 or because m9atur1 %e ?reat5s2 ,v5us1 because v5it ad omnia1 %e comes to all2 ,c]es1 a g]5do1 f be>+4 ,h[ dang]\s is ?is me?od6 = !re are _m names w\ld puzzle y4 ,f :at w\ld y d]ive ,vejupit] & ,vulcan8 ,?\gh1 inde$1 if y c d]ive ,neptune a n&o1 f swimm+1 9 :i* y seem to me to fl\nd] ab\t y\rself m ?an ,neptune1 y may easily f9d ! orig9 ( all names1 s9ce x is f\nd$ only ^u ! con=mity ( "s "o lett]4 ,z5o fir/1 & aft] him ,clean!s & ,*rysippus1 are put to ! unnecess>y tr\ble ( expla9+ m]e fables1 & giv+ reasons = ! sev]al appellations ( e ,deity2 :i* is really own+ t ^? :om we call ,gods are n ! repres5tations ( deities1 b natural ?+s1 & t to judge o!rwise is an error4 ,,xxv4 ,yet ?is error has s mu* prevail$ t ev5 p]nici\s ?+s h n only ! title ( div9ity ascrib$ to !m1 b h also sacrifices (f]$ to !m2 = ,fev] has a temple on ! ,palat9e hill1 & ,orbona ano!r ne> t ( ! ,l>es1 & we see on ! ,esquil9e hill an alt> consecrat$ to ,ill-=tune4 ,let all su* errors be bani%$ f philosophy1 if we w\ld advance1 9 our dispute conc]n+ ! immortal ,gods1 no?+ unwor?y ( immortal be+s4 ,i "k myself :at ,i ought to believe2 :i* is f> diff]5t f :at y h said4 ,y take ,neptune = an intellig5ce p]vad+ ! sea4 ,y h ! same op9ion ( ,c]es ) reg>d to ! e>?4 ,i _c1 ,i own1 f9d out1 or 9 ! lea/ conjecture1 :at t intellig5ce ( ! sea or ! e>? is4 ,to le>n1 !re=e1 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,gods1 & ( :at description & "* !y are1 ,i mu/ apply else:]e1 n to ! ,/oics4 ,let u proce$ to ! two o!r p>ts ( our dispute3 fir/1 :e!r !re is a div9e provid5ce :i* gov]ns ! _w2 & la/ly1 :e!r t provid5ce p>ticul>ly reg>ds mank9d2 = ^! are ! rema9+ propositions ( y\r disc\rse2 & ,i ?9k t1 if y approve ( x1 we %\ld exam9e ^! m accurately4 ,) all my he>t1 says ,velleius1 = ,i readily agree to :at y h hi!rto said1 & expect /ill great] ?+s f y4 ,i am unwill+ to int]rupt y1 says ,balbus to ,cotta1 b we %all take ano!r opportunity1 & ,i %all effectually conv9ce y4 ,b#bgb 99 99 99 ,,xxvi4 ,%all ,i adore1 & b5d ! suppliant knee1 ,:o scorn _! p[] & d\bt _! deity8 ,does n ,niobe "h seem to reason1 & by t reason+ to br+ all h] mis=tunes ^u h]self8 ,b :at a subtle expression is ! foll[+6 ,on /r5g? ( w alone dep5ds success2 a maxim capable ( lead+ u into all t is bad4 ,?\gh ,i'm conf9$1 8 malice yet is va91 ,8 tortur$ he>t %all answ] pa9 = pa92 ,8 ru9 soo! my s\l ) s(t cont5t1 ,light5 my *a9s1 & welcome bani%m5t6 ,?is1 n[1 is reason2 t reason :i* y say ! div9e goodness has d5i$ to ! brute creation1 k9dly to be/[ x on m5 alone4 ,h[ great1 h[ imm5se ! favor6 ,obs]ve ! same ,m$ea fly+ f h] fa!r & h] c\ntry3 ,! guilty wret* f h] pursu] flies4 ,by h] own h&s ! "y ,absyrtus sla91 ,8 mangl$ limbs %e scatt]s o'er ! pla91 ,t ! fond sire might s9k b5ea? 8 woe1 ,& %e to p>ricide h] safety owe4 ,reflection1 z well z wick$ness1 mu/ h be5 necess>y to ! prep>ation ( su* a fact2 & did he too1 :o prep>$ t fatal repa/ = 8 bro!r1 d x )\t reflection8 ,rev5ge z great z ,atreus' injury ,%all s9k 8 s\l & cr[n 8 mis]y4 ,,xxvii4 ,did n ,?ye/es himself1 n cont5t ) hav+ defil$ 8 bro!r's b$ 7( :i* ,atreus ) great ju/ice ?us compla9s1 ,:5 fai?less com=ts1 9 ! lewd embrace1 ,) vile adult]y /a9 a royal race1 ,! blood ?us mix'd 9 f\l] curr5ts fl[s1 ,ta9ts ! ri* soil1 & bre$s unnumb]'d woes7-- did he n1 ,i say1 by t adult]y1 aim at ! possession ( ! cr[n8 ,atreus ?us cont9ues3 ,a lamb1 fair gift ( heav51 ) gold5 fleece1 ,promis$ 9 va9 to fix my cr[n 9 peace2 ,b base ,?ye/es1 eag] = ! prey1 ,crept to my b$1 & /ole ! gem away4 ,d y n p]ceive t ,?ye/es mu/ h _h a %>e ( reason proportionable to ! greatness ( 8 crimes--su* crimes z are n only repres5t$ to u on ! /age1 b su* z we see committ$1 nay1 (t5 exce$$1 9 ! common c\rse ( life8 ,! private h\ses ( individual citiz5s1 ! public c\rts1 ! s5ate1 ! camp1 our allies1 our prov9ces1 all agree t reason is ! au?or ( all ! ill1 z well z ( all ! good1 :i* is done2 t x makes few act well1 & t b seldom1 b _m act ill1 & t frequ5tly2 & t1 9 %ort1 ! ,gods w\ld h %[n great] b5evol5ce 9 d5y+ u any reason at all ?an 9 s5d+ u t :i* is accompani$ ) s mu* mis*ief2 = z w9e is seldom :olesome1 b (t5 hurtful 9 diseases1 we ?9k x m prud5t to d5y x to ! pati5t ?an to run ! risk ( s unc]ta9 a rem$y2 s ,i d n "k :e!r x w\ld n be bett] = mank9d to be depriv$ ( wit1 ?\ght1 & p5etration1 or :at we call reason1 s9ce x is a ?+ p]nici\s to _m & v useful to few1 ?an to h x be/[$ ^u !m ) s mu* lib]ality & 9 su* abundance4 ,b if ! div9e w has really consult$ ! good ( man 9 ?is gift ( reason1 ! good ( ^? m5 only 0 consult$ on :om a well-regulat$ "o is be/[$3 h[ few ^? are1 if any1 is v app>5t4 ,we _c admit1 !re=e1 t ! ,gods consult$ ! good ( a few only2 ! conclusion mu/ be t !y consult$ ! good ( none4 ,,xxviii4 ,y answ] t ! ill use :i* a great "p ( mank9d make ( reason no m takes away ! goodness ( ! ,gods1 :o be/[ x z a pres5t ( ! greate/ b5efit to !m1 ?an ! ill use :i* *ildr5 make ( _! patrimony dim9i%es ! obligation :i* !y h to _! p>5ts = x4 ,we grant y ?is2 b :]e is ! similitude8 ,x 0 f> f ,deianira's design to injure ,h]cules :5 %e made him a pres5t ( ! %irt dipp$ 9 ! blood ( ! ,c5taurs4 ,nor 0 x a reg>d to ! welf>e ( ,jason ( ,ph] t influ5c$ ! man :o ) 8 sword op5$ 8 impo/hume1 :i* ! physicians _h 9 va9 attempt$ to cure4 ,= x has (t5 happ5$ t p h s]v$ a man :om !y int5d$ to injure1 & h injur$ "o :om !y design$ to s]ve2 s t ! effect ( ! gift is by no means always a pro( ( ! int5tion ( ! giv]2 nei!r does ! b5efit :i* may accrue f x prove t x came f ! h&s ( a b5efactor4 ,=1 9 %ort1 :at debau*]y1 :at av>ice1 :at crime among m5 is !re :i* does n owe its bir? to ?\ght & reflection1 t is1 to reason8 ,= all op9ion is reason3 "r reason1 if m5's ?\ghts are con=mable to tru?2 wrong reason1 if !y are n4 ,! ,gods only give u ! m]e faculty ( reason1 if we h any2 ! use or abuse ( x dep5ds entirely ^u ourselves2 s t ! comp>ison is n j betwe5 ! pres5t ( reason giv5 u by ! ,gods1 & a patrimony left to a son by 8 fa!r2 =1 aft] all1 if ! injury ( mank9d _h be5 ! end propos$ by ! ,gods1 :at c\ld !y h giv5 !m m p]nici\s ?an reason8 = :at se$ c\ld !re be ( inju/ice1 intemp]ance1 & c[>dice1 if reason 7 n laid z ! f\ndation ( ^! vices8 ,,xxix4 ,i m5tion$ j n[ ,m$ea & ,atreus1 p]sons celebrat$ 9 h]oic poems1 :o _h us$ ?is reason only = ! contrivance & practice ( ! mo/ flagiti\s crimes2 b ev5 ! trifl+ *>act]s :i* appe> 9 com$ies supply u ) ! l in/ances ( ?is reason+ faculty2 = example1 does n he1 9 ! ,eunu*1 reason ) "s subtlety8-- ,:at1 !n1 mu/ ,i resolve ^u8 ,%e turn'd me out-(-doors2 %e s5ds = me back aga92 ,%all ,i g8 no1 n if %e 7 to beg x ( me4 ,ano!r1 9 ! ,tw9s1 mak+ no scruple ( oppos+ a receiv$ maxim1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,academics1 ass]ts t :5 a man is 9 love & 9 want1 x is pleasant ,to h a fa!r covet\s1 crabb$1 & passionate1 ,:o has no love or affection = 8 *ildr54 ,?is unacc\ntable op9ion he /r5g!ns ?us3 ,y may defraud him ( 8 pr(its1 or =ge lett]s 9 8 "n1 ,or fright him by y\r s]vant into compliance2 ,& :at y take f su* an old hunks1 ,h[ mu* m pleasantly d y sp5d x6 ,on ! contr>y1 he says t an easy1 g5]\s fa!r is an inconv5i5ce to a son 9 love2 =1 says he1 ,i c't tell h[ to abuse s good1 s prud5t a p>5t1 ,:o always =]uns my desires1 & meets me purse 9 h&1 ,to support me 9 my pleasures3 ?is easy goodness & g5]osity ,q defeat all my frauds1 tricks1 & /ratagems4#bgc ,:at are ^! frauds1 tricks1 & /ratagems b ! effects ( reason8 ,o excell5t gift ( ! ,gods6 ,)\t ?is ,phormio c\ld n h said1 ,f9d me out ! old man3 ,i h some?+ hat*+ = him 9 my head4 ,,xxx4 ,b let u pass f ! /age to ! b>4 ,! prtor#bgd takes 8 seat4 ,to judge :om8 ,! man :o set fire to our ar*ives4 ,h[ secretly 0 t villany conduct$6 ,q4 ,sosius1 an illu/ri\s ,roman knight1 ( ! ,pic5e field1#bge confess$ ! fact4 ,:o else is to be tri$8 ,he :o =g$ ! public regi/]s--,al5us1 an artful fell[1 :o c\nt]feit$ ! h&writ+ ( ! six (fic]s4#bgf ,let u call to m9d o!r trials3 t on ! subject ( ! gold ( ,tolosa1 or ! conspiracy ( ,jugur?a4 ,let u trace back ! in=mations laid aga9/ ,tubulus = brib]y 9 8 judicial (fice2 &1 s9ce t1 ! proce$+s ( ! tribune ,p$uceus conc]n+ ! ince/ ( ! ve/als4 ,let u reflect ^u ! trials :i* daily happ5 = assass9ations1 poison+s1 embezzlem5t ( public money1 frauds 9 wills1 aga9/ :i* we h a new law2 !n t action aga9/ ! advis]s or assi/]s ( any !ft2 ! _m laws conc]n+ frauds 9 gu>dian%ip1 brea*es ( tru/ 9 p>tn]%ips & commissions 9 trade1 & o!r violations ( fai? 9 buy+1 sell+1 borr[+1 or l5d+2 ! public decree on a private affair by ! ,ltorian ,law2#bgg &1 la/ly1 t sc\rge ( all di%one/y1 ! law aga9/ fraud1 propos$ by our fri5d ,aquillius2 t sort ( fraud1 he says1 by :i* "o ?+ is pret5d$ & ano!r done4 ,c we1 !n1 ?9k t ?is pl5tiful f\nta9 ( evil sprung f ! immortal ,gods8 ,if !y h giv5 reason to man1 !y h likewise giv5 him subtlety1 = subtlety is only a deceitful mann] ( apply+ reason to d mis*ief4 ,to !m likewise we mu/ owe deceit1 & e o!r crime1 :i*1 )\t ! help ( reason1 w\ld nei!r h be5 ?\ght ( nor committ$4 ,z ! old woman wi%$ ,t to ! fir :i* on ,m\nt ,pelion grew ,! axe _h ne'er be5 laid1#bgh s we %\ld wi% t ! ,gods _h nev] be/[$ ?is ability on man1 ! abuse ( :i* is s g5]al t ! small numb] ( ^? :o make a good use ( x are (t5 oppress$ by ^? :o make a bad use ( x2 s t x seems to be giv5 r to help vice ?an to promote virtue among u4 ,,xxxi4 ,?is1 y insi/ on x1 is ! fault ( man1 & n ( ! ,gods4 ,b %\ld we n laugh at a physician or pilot1 ?\gh !y are weak mortals1 if !y 7 to lay ! blame ( _! ill success on ! viol5ce ( ! disease or ! fury ( ! tempe/8 ,_h !re n be5 dang]1 we %\ld say1 :o w\ld h appli$ to y8 ,?is reason+ has /ill great] =ce aga9/ ! ,deity4 ,! fault1 y say1 is 9 man1 if he commits crimes4 ,b :y 0 n man endu$ ) a reason incapable ( produc+ any crimes8 ,h[ c\ld ! ,gods err8 ,:5 we leave our effects to our *ildr51 x is 9 hopes t !y may be well be/[$2 9 :i* we may be deceiv$1 b h[ c ! ,deity be deceiv$8 ,z ,phoebus :5 he tru/$ 8 *>iot to 8 son ,pha?on1 or z ,neptune :5 he indulg$ 8 son ,!seus 9 grant+ him ?ree wi%es1 ! consequ5ce ( :i* 0 ! de/ruction ( ,hippolitus8 ,^! are poetical fictions2 b tru?1 & n fables1 ought to proce$ f philosoph]s4 ,yet if ^? poetical ,deities _h =ese5 t _! indulg5ce w\ld h prov$ fatal to _! sons1 !y mu/ h be5 ?\ght blamable = x4 ,ari/o ( ,*ios us$ (t5 to say t ! philosoph]s d hurt to su* ( _! disciples z take _! good doctr9e 9 a wrong s5se2 ?us ! lectures ( ,ari/ippus might produce debau*ees1 & ^? ( ,z5o p$ants4 ,if ?is be true1 x 7 bett] t philosoph]s %\ld be sil5t ?an t _! disciples %\ld be corrupt$ by a misappreh5sion ( _! ma/]'s mean+2 s if reason1 :i* 0 be/[$ on mank9d by ! ,gods ) a good design1 t5ds only to make m5 m subtle & fraudul5t1 x _h be5 bett] = !m nev] to h receiv$ x4 ,!re c\ld be no excuse = a physician :o prescribes w9e to a pati5t1 kn[+ t he w dr9k x & imm$iately expire4 ,y\r ,provid5ce is no less blamable 9 giv+ reason to man1 :o1 x =esaw1 w\ld make a bad use ( x4 ,w y say t x did n =esee x8 ,no?+ c\ld please me m ?an su* an ackn[l$gm5t4 ,b y d>e n4 ,i "k :at a sublime idea y ent]ta9 ( h]4 ,,xxxii4 ,b to conclude4 ,if folly1 by ! unanim\s cons5t ( philosoph]s1 is all[$ to be ! greate/ ( all evils1 & if no "o ev] atta9$ to true wisdom1 we1 :om !y say ! immortal ,gods take c>e (1 are consequ5tly 9 a /ate ( ! utmo/ mis]y4 ,= t nobody is well1 or t nobody c be well1 is 9 effect ! same ?+2 &1 9 my op9ion1 t no man is truly wise1 or t no man c be truly wise1 is likewise ! same ?+4 ,b ,i w insi/ no fur!r on s self-evid5t a po9t4 ,telamon 9 "o v]se decides ! "q4 ,if1 says he1 !re is a ,div9e ,provid5ce1 ,good m5 w\ld be happy1 bad m5 mis]able4 ,b x is n s4 ,if ! ,gods _h reg>d$ mank9d1 !y %\ld h made !m all virtu\s2 b if !y did n reg>d ! welf>e ( all mank9d1 at lea/ !y ought to h provid$ = ! happ9ess ( ! virtu\s4 ,:y1 !re=e1 0 ! ,c>?ag9ian 9 ,spa9 suff]$ to de/roy ^? be/ & brave/ m51 ! two ,scipios8 ,:y did ,maximus#bgi lose 8 son1 ! consul8 ,:y did ,hannibal kill ,m>cellus8 ,:y did ,cann deprive u ( ,paulus8 ,:y 0 ! body ( ,regulus deliv]$ up to ! cruelty ( ! ,c>?ag9ians8 ,:y 0 n ,africanus protect$ f viol5ce 9 8 own h\se8 ,to ^!1 & _m m anci5t in/ances1 let u add "s ( lat] date4 ,:y is ,rutilius1 my uncle1 a man ( ! greate/ virtue & le>n+1 n[ 9 bani%m5t8 ,:y 0 my own fri5d & companion ,drusus assass9at$ 9 8 own h\se8 ,:y 0 ,scvola1 ! high-prie/1 t patt]n ( mod]ation & prud5ce1 massacr$ be=e ! /atue ( ,ve/a8 ,:y1 be=e t1 7 s _m illu/ri\s citiz5s put to dea? by ,c9na8 ,:y _h ,m>ius1 ! mo/ p]fidi\s ( m51 ! p[] to cause ! dea? ( ,catulus1 a man ( ! greate/ dignity8 ,b !re w\ld be no end ( enum]at+ examples ( good m5 made mis]able & wick$ m5 prosp]\s4 ,:y did t ,m>ius live to an old age1 & die s happily at 8 own h\se 9 8 sev5? consul%ip8 ,:y 0 t inhuman wret* ,c9na p]mitt$ to enjoy s long a reign8 ,,xxxiii4 ,he1 inde$1 met ) des]v$ puni%m5t at la/4 ,b w\ld x n h be5 bett] t ^! inhumanities _h be5 prev5t$ ?an t ! au?or ( !m %\ld be puni%$ aft]w>d8 ,v>ius1 a mo/ impi\s wret*1 0 tortur$ & put to dea?4 ,if ?is 0 8 puni%m5t = ! murd]+ ,drusus by ! sword1 & ,metellus by poison1 w\ld x n h be5 bett] to h pres]v$ _! lives ?an to h _! dea?s av5g$ on ,v>ius8 ,dionysius 0 ?irty-eight ye>s a tyrant ov] ! mo/ opul5t & fl\ri%+ city2 &1 be=e him1 h[ _m ye>s did ,pisi/ratus tyrannize 9 ! v fl[] ( ,greece6 ,phal>is & ,apollodorus met ) ! fate !y des]v$1 b n till aft] !y _h tortur$ & put to dea? multitudes4 ,_m robb]s h be5 execut$2 b ! numb] ( ^? :o h suff]$ = _! crimes is %ort ( ^? :om !y h robb$ & murd]$4 ,anax>*us1#bhj a s*ol> ( ,democritus1 0 cut to pieces by comm& ( ! tyrant ( ,cyprus2 & ,z5o ( ,elea#bha end$ 8 life 9 tortures4 ,:at %all ,i say ( ,socrates1#bhb ^: dea?1 z (t5 z ,i read ( x 9 ,plato1 draws fre% te>s f my eyes8 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ,gods really see ev]y?+ t happ5s to m51 y mu/ ackn[l$ge !y make no di/9ction betwe5 ! good & ! bad4 ,,xxxiv4 ,diog5es ! ,cynic us$ to say ( ,h>palus1 "o ( ! mo/ =tunate villa9s ( 8 "t1 t ! con/ant prosp]ity ( su* a man 0 a k9d ( witness aga9/ ! ,gods4 ,dionysius1 ( :om we h be=e spok51 aft] he _h pillag$ ! temple ( ,pros]p9e at ,locris1 set sail = ,syracuse1 &1 hav+ a fair w9d dur+ 8 voyage1 said1 ) a smile1 ,see1 my fri5ds1 :at favorable w9ds ! immortal ,gods be/[ ^u *ur*-robb]s4 ,enc\rag$ by ?is prosp]\s ev5t1 he proce$$ 9 8 impiety4 ,:5 he l&$ at ,peloponnesus1 he w5t into ! temple ( ,jupit] ,olympius1 & disrob$ 8 /atue ( a gold5 mantle ( great weight1 an ornam5t :i* ! tyrant ,gelo#bhc _h giv5 out ( ! spoils ( ! ,c>?ag9ians1 & at ! same "t1 9 a je/+ mann]1 he said t a gold5 mantle 0 too heavy 9 summ] & too cold 9 w9t]2 & !n1 ?r[+ a wooll5 cloak ov] ! /atue1 add$1 ,?is w s]ve = all seasons4 ,at ano!r "t1 he ord]$ ! gold5 be>d ( sculapius ( ,epidaurus to be tak5 away1 say+ t x 0 absurd = ! son to h a be>d1 :5 8 fa!r _h none4 ,he likewise robb$ ! temples ( ! silv] tables1 :i*1 accord+ to ! anci5t cu/om ( ,greece1 bore ?is inscription1 ,to ! good ,gods1 say+ he 0 will+ to make use ( _! goodness2 &1 )\t ! lea/ scruple1 took away ! little gold5 emblems ( victory1 ! cups & coronets1 :i* 7 9 ! /ret*$-out h&s ( ! /atues1 say+ he did n take1 b receive !m2 = x w\ld be folly n to accept good ?+s f ! ,gods1 to :om we are con/antly pray+ = favors1 :5 !y /ret* out _! h&s t[>ds u4 ,&1 la/ ( all1 all ! ?+s :i* he _h ?us pillag$ f ! temples 71 by 8 ord]1 br\ght to ! m>ket-place & sold by ! common cri]2 &1 aft] he _h receiv$ ! money = !m1 he comm&$ e pur*as] to re/ore :at he _h b\ght1 )9 a limit$ "t1 to ! temples f :5ce !y came4 ,?us to 8 impiety t[>ds ! ,gods he add$ inju/ice to man4 ,,xxxv4 ,yet nei!r did ,olympian ,jove /rike him ) 8 ?und]1 nor did sculapius cause him to die by t$i\s diseases & a l+]+ dea?4 ,he di$ 9 8 b$1 _h fun]al honors#bhd paid to him1 & left 8 p[]1 :i* he _h wick$ly obta9$1 z a j & lawful inh]itance to 8 son4 ,x is n )\t conc]n t ,i ma9ta9 a doctr9e :i* seems to au?orize evil1 & :i* might probably give a sanction to x1 if consci5ce1 )\t any div9e assi/ance1 did n po9t out1 9 ! cle>e/ mann]1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 virtue & vice4 ,)\t consci5ce man is contemptible4 ,= z no family or /ate c be suppos$ to be =m$ ) any reason or discipl9e if !re are no rew>ds = good actions nor puni%m5t = crimes1 s we _c believe t a ,div9e ,provid5ce regulates ! _w if !re is no di/9ction betwe5 ! hone/ & ! wick$4 ,b ! ,gods1 y say1 neglect trifl+ ?+s3 ! little fields or v9ey>ds ( p>ticul> m5 are n wor?y _! att5tion2 & if bla/s or hail de/roy _! product1 ,jupit] does n reg>d x1 nor d k+s ext5d _! c>e to ! l[] (fices ( gov]nm5t4 ,?is argum5t might h "s weight if1 9 br++ ,rutilius z an in/ance1 ,i _h only compla9$ ( ! loss ( 8 f>m at ,=mi2 b ,i spoke ( a p]sonal mis=tune1 8 bani%m5t4#bhe ,,xxxvi4 ,all m5 agree t ext]nal b5efits1 su* z v9ey>ds1 corn1 olives1 pl5ty ( fruit & gra91 &1 9 %ort1 e conv5i5ce & prop]ty ( life1 are d]iv$ f ! ,gods2 &1 inde$1 ) reason1 s9ce by our virtue we claim applause1 & 9 virtue we ju/ly glory1 :i* we c\ld h no "r to d if x 0 ! gift ( ! ,gods1 & n a p]sonal m]it4 ,:5 we are honor$ ) new dignities1 or bless$ ) increase ( ri*es2 :5 we are favor$ by =tune beyond our expectation1 or luckily deliv]$ f any approa*+ evil1 we return ?anks = x to ! ,gods1 & assume no praise to ourselves4 ,b :o ev] ?ank$ ! ,gods t he 0 a good man8 ,we ?ank !m1 inde$1 = ri*es1 heal?1 & honor4 ,= ^! we invoke ! all-good & all-p[]ful ,jupit]2 b n = wisdom1 temp]ance1 & ju/ice4 ,no "o ev] (f]$ a t5? ( 8 e/ate to ,h]cules to be made wise4 ,x is report$1 inde$1 ( ,py?agoras t he sacrific$ an ox to ! ,muses ^u hav+ made "s new discov]y 9 geometry2#bhf b1 = my "p1 ,i _c believe x1 because he refus$ to sacrifice ev5 to ,apollo at ,delos1 le/ he %\ld defile ! alt> ) blood4 ,b to return4 ,x is univ]sally agre$ t good =tune we mu/ ask ( ! ,gods1 b wisdom mu/ arise f ourselves2 & ?\gh temples h be5 consecrat$ to ! ,m9d1 to ,virtue1 & to ,fai?1 yet t does n contradict _! be+ inh]5t 9 u4 ,9 reg>d to hope1 safety1 assi/ance1 & victory1 we mu/ rely ^u ! ,gods = !m2 f :5ce x foll[s1 z ,diog5es said1 t ! prosp]ity ( ! wick$ de/roys ! idea ( a ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,,xxxvii4 ,b good m5 h sometimes success4 ,!y h s2 b we _c1 ) any %[ ( reason1 attribute t success to ! ,gods4 ,diagoras1 :o is call$ ! a!i/1 be+ at ,samo?race1 "o ( 8 fri5ds %[$ him sev]al pictures#bhg ( p :o _h endur$ v dang]\s /orms2 ,see1 says he1 y :o d5y a provid5ce1 h[ _m h be5 sav$ by _! pray]s to ! ,gods4 ,ay1 says ,diagoras1 ,i see ^? :o 7 sav$1 b :]e are ^? pa9t$ :o 7 %ipwreck$8 ,at ano!r "t1 he himself 0 9 a /orm1 :5 ! sailors1 be+ greatly al>m$1 told him !y ju/ly des]v$ t mis=tune = admitt+ him into _! %ip2 :5 he1 po9t+ to o!rs "u ! l di/ress1 ask$ !m if !y believ$ ,diagoras 0 also abo>d ^? %ips8 ,9 %ort1 ) reg>d to good or bad =tune1 x matt]s n :at y are1 or h[ y h liv$4 ,! ,gods1 l k+s1 reg>d n ev]y?+4 ,:at similitude is !re betwe5 !m8 ,if k+s neglect any?+1 want ( k may be plead$ 9 _! def5ce2 b ignorance _c be br\ght z an excuse = ! ,gods4 ,,xxxviii4 ,y\r mann] ( ju/ify+ !m is some:at extraord9>y1 :5 y say t if a wick$ man dies )\t suff]+ = 8 crimes1 ! ,gods inflict a puni%m5t on 8 *ildr51 8 *ildr5's *ildr51 & all 8 po/]ity4 ,o wond]ful equity ( ! ,gods6 ,:at city w\ld endure ! mak] ( a law :i* %\ld condemn a son or a gr&son = a crime committ$ by ! fa!r or ! gr&fa!r8 ,%all ,tantalus' unhappy (fspr+ "k ,no end1 no close1 ( ?is long sc5e ( woe8 ,:5 w ! dire rew>d ( guilt be o'er1 ,& ,myrtilus dem& rev5ge no m8#bhh ,:e!r ! poets h corrupt$ ! ,/oics1 or ! ,/oics giv5 au?ority to ! poets1 ,i _c easily det]m9e4 ,bo? alike are to be condemn$4 ,if ^? p]sons ^: names h be5 br&$ 9 ! satires ( ,hipponax or ,ar*ilo*us#bhi 7 driv5 to despair1 x did n proce$ f ! ,gods1 b _h its orig9 9 _! own m9ds4 ,:5 we see gi/us & ,p>is lo/ 9 ! heat ( an impure passion1 :y are we to attribute x to a ,deity1 :5 ! crime1 z x 71 speaks = itself8 ,i believe t ^? :o recov] f illness are m indebt$ to ! c>e ( ,hippocrates ?an to ! p[] ( sculapius2 t ,sp>ta receiv$ h] laws f ,lycurgus#bij r ?an f ,apollo2 t ^? eyes ( ! m>itime coa/1 ,cor9? & ,c>?age1 7 pluck$ out1 ! "o by ,critolaus1 ! o!r by ,hasdrubal1 )\t ! assi/ance ( any div9e ang]1 s9ce y y\rselves confess t a ,deity _c possibly be angry on any provocation4 ,,xxxix4 ,b c\ld n ! ,deity h assi/$ & pres]v$ ^? em95t cities8 ,und\bt$ly he c\ld2 =1 accord+ to y\r doctr9e1 8 p[] is inf9ite1 & )\t ! lea/ labor2 & z no?+ b ! w is necess>y to ! motion ( our bodies1 s ! div9e w ( ! ,gods1 ) ! l ease1 c create1 move1 & *ange all ?+s4 ,?is y hold1 n f a m]e phantom ( sup]/ition1 b on natural & settl$ pr9ciples ( reason2 = matt]1 y say1 ( :i* all ?+s are compos$ & consi/1 is susceptible ( all =ms & *anges1 & !re is no?+ :i* _c be1 or cease to be1 9 an in/ant2 & t ,div9e ,provid5ce has ! comm& & disposal ( ?is univ]sal matt]1 & consequ5tly c1 9 any "p ( ! univ]se1 d :atev] %e pleases3 f :5ce ,i conclude t ?is ,provid5ce ei!r kn[s n ! ext5t ( h] p[]1 or neglects human affairs1 or _c judge :at is be/ = u4 ,provid5ce1 y say1 does n ext5d h] c>e to p>ticul> m52 !re is no wond] 9 t1 s9ce %e does n ext5d x to cities1 or ev5 to nations1 or p4 ,if1 !re=e1 %e neglects :ole nations1 is x n v probable t %e neglects all mank9d8 ,b h[ c y ass]t t ! ,gods d n ent] into all ! little circum/ances ( life1 & yet hold t !y di/ribute dreams among m58 ,s9ce y believe 9 dreams1 x is y\r "p to solve ?is difficulty4 ,besides1 y say we ought to call ^u ! ,gods4 ,^? :o call ^u ! ,gods are individuals4 ,div9e ,provid5ce1 !re=e1 reg>ds individuals1 :i* consequ5tly proves t !y are m at leisure ?an y imag9e4 ,let u suppose ! ,div9e ,provid5ce to be greatly busi$2 t x causes ! revolutions ( ! heav5s1 supports ! e>?1 & rules ! seas2 :y does x suff] s _m ,gods to be unemploy$8 ,:y is n ! sup]9t5d5ce ( human affairs giv5 to "s ( ^? idle ,deities :i* y say are innum]able8 ,?is is ! purport ( :at ,i _h to say conc]n+ ! ,nature ( ! ,gods2 n ) a design to de/roy _! exi/5ce1 b m]ely to %[ :at an obscure po9t x is1 & ) :at difficulties an explanation ( x is att5d$4 ,,xl4 ,balbus1 obs]v+ t ,cotta _h f9i%$ 8 disc\rse--,y h be5 v sev]e1 says he1 aga9/ a ,div9e ,provid5ce1 a doctr9e e/abli%$ by ! ,/oics ) piety & wisdom2 b1 z x gr[s too late1 ,i %all def] my answ] to ano!r day4 ,our argum5t is ( ! greate/ importance2 x conc]ns our alt>s1#bia our he>?s1 our temples1 nay1 ev5 ! walls ( our city1 :i* y prie/s hold sacr$2 y1 :o by religion def5d ,rome bett] ?an %e is def5d$ by h] ramp>ts4 ,?is is a cause :i*1 :ile ,i h life1 ,i ?9k ,i _c ab&on )\t impiety4 ,!re is no?+1 repli$ ,cotta1 :i* ,i desire m ?an to be confut$4 ,i h n pret5d$ to decide ?is po9t1 b to give y my private s5tim5ts ^u x2 & am v s5sible ( y\r great sup]iority 9 argum5t4 ,no d\bt ( x1 says ,velleius2 we h mu* to fe> f "o :o believes t our dreams are s5t f ,jupit]1 :i*1 ?\gh !y are ( little weight1 are yet ( m importance ?an ! disc\rse ( ! ,/oics conc]n+ ! nature ( ! ,gods4 ,! conv]sation end$ "h1 & we p>t$4 ,velleius judg$ t ! argum5ts ( ,cotta 7 true/2 b ^? ( ,balbus seem$ to me to h ! great] probability4#bib ,,on ,,! ,,commonweal?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface ,,by ,,! ,,editor4 ,?is "w 0 "o ( ,cic]o's e>li] treatises1 ?\gh "o ( ^? :i* 0 mo/ admir$ by 8 contempor>ies1 & "o ( :i* he himself 0 mo/ pr\d4 ,x 0 compos$ #ed ,b4,c4 ,x 0 orig9ally 9 two books3 !n x 0 alt]$ & enl>g$ into n9e1 & f9ally r$uc$ to six4 ,) ! exception ( ! dream ( ,scipio1 9 ! la/ book1 ! :ole treatise 0 lo/ till ! ye> #ahbb1 :5 ! libr>ian ( ! ,vatican discov]$ a portion ( !m among ! palimpse/s 9 t libr>y4 ,:at he discov]$ is translat$ "h2 b x is 9 a mo/ imp]fect & mutilat$ /ate4 ,! =m select$ 0 t ( a dialogue1 9 imitation ( ^? ( ,plato2 & ! sev]al conf]5ces 7 suppos$ to h tak5 place dur+ ! ,lat9 holidays1 #abi ,b4,c41 9 ! consul%ip ( ,caius ,sempronius1 ,tuditanus1 & ,m>cus ,aquilius4 ,! speak]s are ,scipio ,africanus ! y\ng]1 9 ^: g>d5 ! sc5e is laid2 ,caius ,llius2 ,lucius ,furius ,philus2 ,m>cus ,manilius2 ,spurius ,mummius1 ! bro!r ( ! tak] ( ,cor9?1 a ,/oic2 ,qu9tus lius ,tub]o1 a nephew ( ,africanus2 ,publius ,rutilius ,rufus2 ,qu9tus ,mucius ,scvola1 ! tutor ( ,cic]o2 & ,caius ,fannius1 :o 0 abs5t1 h[ev]1 on ! second day ( ! conf]5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ book1 ! fir/ ?irty-?ree pages are want+1 & !re are *asms am\nt+ to ?irty-eight pages m4 ,9 ?is book ,scipio ass]ts ! sup]iority ( an active ov] a speculative c>e]2 & aft] analyz+ & comp>+ ! mon>*ical1 ari/ocratic1 & democratic =ms ( gov]nm5t1 gives a pref]5ce to ! fir/2 al?\gh 8 idea ( a p]fect con/itution w\ld be "o comp\nd$ ( ?ree k9ds 9 due proportion4 ,!re are a few *asms 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! second book1 & ! latt] "p ( x is :olly lo/4 ,9 x ,scipio 0 l$ on to give an acc\nt ( ! rise & progress ( ! ,roman ,con/itution1 f :i* he pass$ on to ! exam9ation ( ! great moral obligations :i* are ! f\ndations ( all political union4 ,( ! rema9+ books we h only a few disjo9t$ fragm5ts1 ) ! exception1 z has be5 be=e m5tion$1 ( ! dream ( ,scipio 9 ! six?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,book1 ,,by ,,! ,,orig9al ,,translator4 ,cic]o introduces 8 subject by %[+ t m5 7 n born = ! m]e ab/ract /udy ( philosophy1 b t ! /udy ( philosophic tru? %\ld always be made z practical z possible1 & applicable to ! great int]e/s ( philan?ropy & patriotism4 ,cic]o endeavors to %[ ! b5efit ( m+l+ ! contemplative or philosophic ) ! political & active life1 accord+ to t maxim ( ,plato--,happy is ! nation ^: philosoph]s are k+s1 & ^: k+s are philosoph]s4 ,?is k9d ( introduction 0 ! m necess>y because _m ( ! anci5t philosoph]s1 too w>mly atta*$ to transc5d5tal metaphysics & seque/]$ speculations1 _h affirm$ t true philosoph]s ought n to int]e/ !mselves 9 ! managem5t ( public affairs4 ,?us1 z ,m4 ,villema9 obs]ves1 x 0 a maxim ( ! ,epicureans1 ,sapi5s ne acc$at ad rempublicam 7,let no wise man m$dle 9 politics74 ,! ,py?agoreans _h en=c$ ! same pr9ciple ) m gravity4 ,ari/otle exam9es ! "q on bo? sides1 & concludes 9 favor ( active life4 ,among ,ari/otle's disciples1 a writ]1 s+ul>ly elegant & pure1 _h ma9ta9$ ! pre-em95ce ( ! contemplative life ov] ! political or active "o1 9 a "w :i* ,cic]o cites ) admiration1 & to :i* he seems to h appli$ = relief :5ev] he felt h>ass$ & disc\rag$ 9 public bus9ess4 ,b "h ?is great man 0 int]e/$ by ! subject he discusses1 & by ! :ole c\rse ( 8 exp]i5ce & conduct1 to refute ! dogmas ( t pusillanim\s sophi/ry & selfi% indulg5ce by br++ =w>d ! mo/ glori\s examples & a*ievem5ts ( patriotism4 ,9 ?is /ra9 he _h d\btless comm5c$ 8 exordium1 & 9 ?is /ra9 we f9d him cont9u+ x at ! po9t 9 :i* ! palimpse/ becomes legible4 ,he !n proce$s to introduce 8 illu/ri\s int]locutors1 & leads !m at fir/ to disc\rse on ! a/ronomical laws t regulate ! revolutions ( our planet4 ,f ?is1 by a v graceful & beautiful transition1 he passes on to ! consid]ation ( ! be/ =ms ( political con/itutions t _h prevail$ 9 diff]5t nations1 & ^? modes ( gov]nm5t :i* _h produc$ ! greate/ b5efits 9 ! commonweal?s ( antiquity4 ,?is fir/ book is1 9 fact1 a spl5did epitome ( ! political sci5ce ( ! age ( ,cic]o1 & probably ! mo/ eloqu5t plea 9 favor ( mix$ mon>*y to be f\nd 9 all lit]ature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,i4 ,i4 ,)\t ! virtue ( patriotism1 nei!r ,caius ,duilius1 nor ,aulus ,atilius1#bic nor ,lucius ,metellus1 c\ld h deliv]$ ,rome by _! c\rage f ! t]ror ( ,c>?age2 nor c\ld ! two ,scipios1 :5 ! fire ( ! second ,punic ,w> 0 k9dl$1 h qu5*$ x 9 _! blood2 nor1 :5 x reviv$ 9 great] =ce1 c\ld ei!r ,qu9tus ,maximus#bid h en]vat$ x1 or ,m>cus ,m>cellus h cru%$ x2 nor1 :5 x 0 repuls$ f ! gates ( our own city1 w\ld ,scipio h conf9$ x )9 ! walls ( our enemies4 ,b ,cato1 at fir/ a new & unkn[n man1 :om all we :o aspire to ! same honors consid] z a patt]n to lead u on to indu/ry & virtue1 0 und\bt$ly at lib]ty to enjoy 8 repose at ,tusculum1 a mo/ salubri\s & conv5i5t retreat4 ,b he1 mad z "s p ?9k him1 ?\gh no necessity compell$ him1 pref]r$ be+ toss$ ab\t amid/ ! tempe/u\s waves ( politics1 ev5 till extreme old age1 to liv+ ) all imag9able luxury 9 t tranquillity & relaxation4 ,i omit innum]able m5 :o h sep>ately devot$ !mselves to ! protection ( our ,commonweal?2 & ^? ^: lives are )9 ! memory ( ! pres5t g5]ation ,i w n m5tion1 le/ any "o %\ld compla9 t ,i _h invidi\sly =gott5 himself or "s "o ( 8 family4 ,?is only ,i insi/ on--t s great is ! necessity ( ?is virtue :i* nature has implant$ 9 man1 & s great is ! desire to def5d ! common safety ( our c\ntry1 t its en]gy has cont9ually ov]come all ! bl&i%m5ts ( pleasure & repose4 ,,ii4 ,nor is x suffici5t to possess ?is virtue z if x 7 "s k9d ( art1 unless we put x 9 practice4 ,an art1 inde$1 ?\gh n ex]cis$1 may /ill be reta9$ 9 k2 b virtue consi/s :olly 9 its prop] use & action4 ,n[1 ! noble/ use ( virtue is ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,commonweal?1 & ! c>ry+-out 9 real action1 n 9 words only1 ( all ^? id5tical !ories :i* ^? philosoph]s discuss at e corn]4 ,= no?+ is spok5 by philosoph]s1 s f> z !y speak correctly & honorably1 :i* has n be5 discov]$ & confirm$ by ^? p]sons :o h be5 ! f\nd]s ( ! laws ( /ates4 ,= :5ce comes piety1 or f :om has religion be5 d]iv$8 ,:5ce comes law1 ei!r t ( nations1 or t :i* is call$ ! civil law8 ,:5ce comes ju/ice1 fai?1 equity8 ,:5ce mode/y1 cont95ce1 ! horror ( bas5ess1 ! desire ( praise & r5[n8 ,:5ce =titude 9 labors & p]ils8 ,d\btless1 f ^? :o h in/ill$ "s ( ^! moral pr9ciples into m5 by education1 & confirm$ o!rs by cu/om1 & sanction$ o!rs by laws4 ,moreov]1 x is report$ ( ,x5ocrates1 "o ( ! sublime/ philosoph]s1 t :5 "s "o ask$ him :at 8 disciples le>n$1 he repli$1 ,to d t ( _! own accord :i* !y might be compell$ to d by law4 ,t citiz51 !re=e1 :o obliges all m5 to ^? virtu\s actions1 by ! au?ority ( laws & p5alties1 to :i* ! philosoph]s c sc>cely p]suade a few by ! =ce ( _! eloqu5ce1 is c]ta9ly to be pref]r$ to ! sage/ ( ! doctors :o sp5d _! lives 9 su* discussions4 ,= :i* ( _! exquisite orations is s admirable z to be entitl$ to be pref]r$ to a well-con/itut$ gov]nm5t1 public ju/ice1 & good cu/oms8 ,c]ta9ly1 j z ,i ?9k t magnific5t & imp]i\s cities 7z ,ennius says7 are sup]ior to ca/les & villages1 s ,i imag9e t ^? :o regulate su* cities by _! c\nsel & au?ority are f> pref]able1 ) respect to real wisdom1 to m5 :o are unacqua9t$ ) any k9d ( political k4 ,& s9ce we are /rongly prompt$ to augm5t ! prosp]ity ( ! human race1 & s9ce we d endeavor by our c\nsels & ex]tions to r5d] ! life ( man saf] & weal?i]1 & s9ce we are incit$ to ?is bless+ by ! spur ( nature h]self1 let u hold on t c\rse :i* has always be5 pursu$ by all ! be/ m51 & n li/5 = a mom5t to ! signals ( ^? :o s\nd a retreat s l\dly t !y sometimes call back ev5 ^? :o h made consid]able progress4 ,,iii4 ,^! reasons1 s c]ta9 & s evid5t1 are oppos$ by ^? :o1 on ! o!r side1 argue t ! labors :i* mu/ necess>ily be su/a9$ 9 ma9ta9+ ! ,commonweal? =m b a slight imp$im5t to ! vigilant & indu/ri\s1 & are only a contemptible ob/acle 9 su* important affairs1 & ev5 9 common /udies1 (fices1 & employm5ts4 ,!y add ! p]il ( life1 t base fe> ( dea?1 :i* has ev] be5 oppos$ by brave m51 to :om x appe>s f> m mis]able to die by ! decay ( nature & old age ?an to be all[$ an opportunity ( gallantly sacrific+ t life = _! c\ntry :i* mu/ o!rwise be yield$ up to nature4 ,on ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 our antagoni/s e/eem !mselves copi\s & eloqu5t :5 !y collect all ! calamities ( h]oic m51 & ! injuries inflict$ on !m by _! ungrateful c\ntrym54 ,= on ?is subject !y br+ =w>d ^? notable examples among ! ,greeks2 & tell u t ,miltiades1 ! vanqui%] & conqu]or ( ! ,p]sians1 be=e ev5 ^? w\nds 7 heal$ :i* he _h receiv$ 9 t mo/ glori\s victory1 wa/$ away 9 ! *a9s ( 8 fell[-citiz5s t life :i* _h be5 pres]v$ f ! weapons ( ! enemy4 ,!y cite ,!mi/ocles1 expell$ & proscrib$ by ! c\ntry :i* he _h rescu$1 & =c$ to flee1 n to ! ,grecian ports :i* he _h pres]v$1 b to ! bosom ( ! b>b>\s p[] :i* he _h defeat$4 ,!re is1 inde$1 no defici5cy ( examples to illu/rate ! levity & cruelty ( ! ,a!nians to _! noble/ citiz5s--examples :i*1 orig9at+ & multiply+ among !m1 are said at diff]5t times to h ab\nd$ 9 our own mo/ augu/ empire4 ,= we are told3 ( ! exile ( ,camillus1 ! disgrace ( ,ahala1 ! unpopul>ity ( ,nasica1 ! expulsion ( ,lnas1#bie ! condemnation ( ,opimius1 ! flight ( ,metellus1 ! cruel de/ruction ( ,caius ,m>ius1 ! massacre ( our *iefta9s1 & ! _m atroci\s crimes :i* foll[$4 ,my own hi/ory is by no means free f su* calamities2 & ,i imag9e t :5 !y recollect t by my c\nsel & p]ils !y 7 pres]v$ 9 life & lib]ty1 !y are l$ by t consid]ation to bewail my mis=tunes m deeply & affectionately4 ,b ,i _c tell :y ^? :o sail ov] ! seas = ! sake ( k & exp]i5ce %\ld wond] at see+ /ill great] haz>ds brav$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,commonweal?4 ,,iv4 ,s9ce1 on my quitt+ ! consul%ip1 ,i swore 9 ! assembly ( ! ,roman p1 :o re-e*o$ my words1 t ,i _h sav$ ! ,commonweal?1 ,i console myself ) ?is remembrance = all my c>es1 tr\bles1 & injuries4 ,al?\gh my mis=tune _h m ( honor ?an mis=tune1 & m ( glory ?an disa/]2 & ,i d]ive great] pleasure f ! regrets ( good m5 ?an sorr[ f ! exultation ( ! wor?less4 ,b ev5 if x _h happ5$ o!rwise1 h[ c\ld ,i h compla9$1 z no?+ befell me :i* 0 ei!r un=ese51 or m pa9ful ?an ,i expect$1 z a return = my illu/ri\s actions8 ,= ,i 0 "o :o1 ?\gh x 0 9 my p[] to reap m pr(it f leisure ?an mo/ m51 on acc\nt ( ! div]sifi$ sweetness ( my /udies1 9 :i* ,i _h liv$ f boyhood--or1 if any public calamity _h happ5$1 to h borne no m ?an an equal %>e ) ! re/ ( my c\ntrym5 9 ! mis=tune--,i nev]!less did n hesitate to oppose myself to ! mo/ =midable tempe/s & torr5ts ( s$ition1 = ! sake ( sav+ my c\ntrym51 & at my own prop] dang] to secure ! common safety ( all ! re/4 ,= our c\ntry did n beget & educate u ) ! expectation ( receiv+ no support1 z ,i may call x1 f u2 nor = ! purpose ( consult+ no?+ b our conv5i5ce1 to supply u ) a secure refuge = idl5ess & a tranquil spot = re/2 b r ) a view ( turn+ to h] own advantage ! nobl] portion ( our g5ius1 he>t1 & c\nsel2 giv+ u back = our private s]vice only :at %e c sp>e f ! public int]e/s4 ,v4 ,^? apologies1 !re=e1 9 :i* m5 take refuge z an excuse = _! devot+ !mselves ) m plausibility to m]e inactivity d c]ta9ly n des]ve to be li/5$ to2 :51 = in/ance1 !y tell u t ^? :o m$dle ) public affairs are g5]ally good-=-no?+ m51 ) :om x is discr$itable to be comp>$1 & mis]able & dang]\s to cont5d1 especially :5 ! multitude is 9 an excit$ /ate4 ,on :i* acc\nt x is n ! "p ( a wise man to take ! re9s1 s9ce he _c re/ra9 ! insane & unregulat$ movem5ts ( ! common p4 ,nor is x becom+ to a man ( lib]al bir?1 say !y1 ?us to cont5d ) su* vile & unref9$ antagoni/s1 or to subject "o's self to ! la%+s ( contumely1 or to put "o's self 9 ! way ( injuries :i* ought n to be borne by a wise man4 ,z if to a virtu\s1 brave1 & magnanim\s man !re c\ld be a ju/] reason = seek+ ! gov]nm5t ?an ?is--to avoid be+ subject$ to wor?less m51 & to prev5t ! ,commonweal? f be+ torn to pieces by !m2 :51 ev5 if !y 7 !n desir\s to save h]1 !y w\ld n h ! p[]4 ,,vi4 ,b ?is re/riction :o c approve1 :i* w\ld int]dict ! wise man f tak+ any %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t beyond su* z ! occasion & necessity may compel him to8 ,z if any great] necessity c\ld possibly happ5 to any man ?an happ5$ to me4 ,9 :i*1 h[ c\ld ,i h act$ if ,i _h n be5 consul at ! "t8 & h[ c\ld ,i h be5 a consul unless ,i _h ma9ta9$ t c\rse ( life f my *ildhood :i* rais$ me f ! ord] ( knights1 9 :i* ,i 0 born1 to ! v highe/ /ation8 ,y _c produce extempore1 & j :5 y please1 ! p[] ( assi/+ a commonweal?1 al?\gh x may be sev]ely press$ by dang]s1 unless y h atta9$ ! position :i* enables y legally to d s4 ,& :at mo/ surprises me 9 ! disc\rses ( le>n$ m51 is to he> ^? p]sons :o confess !mselves incapable ( /e]+ ! vessel ( ! ,/ate 9 smoo? seas 7:i*1 inde$1 !y nev] le>n$1 & nev] c>$ to "k7 pr(ess !mselves ready to assume ! helm amid/ ! fi]ce/ tempe/s4 ,= ^? m5 are accu/om$ to say op5ly1 & inde$ to boa/ greatly1 t !y h nev] le>n$1 & h nev] tak5 ! lea/ pa9s to expla91 ! pr9ciples ( ei!r e/abli%+ or ma9ta9+ a commonweal?2 & !y look on ?is practical sci5ce z "o :i* belongs n to m5 ( le>n+ & wisdom1 b to ^? :o h made x _! especial /udy4 ,h[1 !n1 c x be reasonable = su* m5 to promise _! assi/ance to ! ,/ate1 :5 !y %all be compell$ to x by necessity1 :ile !y are ignorant h[ to gov]n ! republic :5 no necessity presses ^u x1 :i* is a mu* m easy task8 ,inde$1 ?\gh x 7 true t ! wise man loves n to ?ru/ himself ( 8 own accord into ! adm9i/ration ( public affairs1 b t if circum/ances oblige him to x1 !n he does n refuse ! (fice1 yet ,i ?9k t ?is sci5ce ( civil legislation %\ld 9 no wise be neglect$ by ! philosoph]1 because all res\rces ought to be ready to 8 h&1 :i* he kn[s n h[ soon he may be call$ on to use4 ,,vii4 ,i h spok5 ?us at l>ge = ?is reason1 because 9 ?is "w ,i h propos$ to myself & und]tak5 a discussion on ! gov]nm5t ( a /ate2 & 9 ord] to r5d] x useful1 ,i 0 b\nd1 9 ! fir/ place1 to d away ) ?is pusillanim\s hesitation to m+le 9 public affairs4 ,if !re be any1 !re=e1 :o are too mu* influ5c$ by ! au?ority ( ! philosoph]s1 let !m consid] ! subject = a mom5t1 & be guid$ by ! op9ions ( ^? m5 ^: au?ority & cr$it are greate/ among le>n$ m52 :om ,i look ^u1 ?\gh "s ( !m h n p]sonally gov]n$ any /ate1 z m5 :o h nev]!less dis*>g$ a k9d ( (fice 9 ! republic1 inasmu* z !y h made _m inve/igations into1 & left _m writ+s conc]n+1 /ate affairs4 ,z to ^? :om ! ,greeks entitle ! ,sev5 ,wise ,m51 ,i f9d t !y almo/ all liv$ 9 ! middle ( public bus9ess4 ,nor1 inde$1 is !re any?+ 9 :i* human virtue c m closely resemble ! div9e p[]s ?an 9 e/abli%+ new /ates1 or 9 pres]v+ ^? already e/abli%$4 ,,viii4 ,& conc]n+ ^! affairs1 s9ce x has be5 our good =tune to a*ieve some?+ wor?y ( memorial 9 ! gov]nm5t ( our c\ntry1 & also to h acquir$ "s facility ( expla9+ ! p[]s & res\rces ( politics1 we c treat ( ?is subject ) ! weight ( p]sonal exp]i5ce & ! habit ( in/ruction & illu/ration4 ,:]eas be=e u _m h be5 skilful 9 !ory1 ?\gh no exploits ( !irs are record$2 & _m o!rs h be5 m5 ( consid]ation 9 action1 b unfamili> ) ! arts ( exposition4 ,nor1 inde$1 is x at all our int5tion to e/abli% a new & self-inv5t$ sy/em ( gov]nm5t2 b our purpose is r to recall to memory a discussion ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s m5 ( _! age 9 our ,commonweal?1 :i* y & ,i1 9 our y\?1 :5 at ,smyrna1 he>d m5tion$ by ,publius ,rutilius ,rufus1 :o report$ to u a conf]5ce ( _m days 9 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 !re 0 no?+ omitt$ t c\ld ?r[ light on political affairs4 ,,ix4 ,= :51 9 ! ye> ( ! consul%ip ( ,tuditanus & ,aquilius1 ,scipio ,africanus1 ! son ( ,paulus milius1 =m$ ! project ( sp5d+ ! ,lat9 holidays at 8 c\ntry-seat1 :]e 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds _h promis$ him frequ5t visits dur+ ?is season ( relaxation1 on ! fir/ morn+ ( ! fe/ival1 8 nephew1 ,qu9tus ,tub]o1 made 8 appe>ance2 & :5 ,scipio _h greet$ him he>tily & embrac$ him--,h[ is x1 my de> ,tub]o1 said he1 t ,i see y s e>ly8 ,= ^! holidays mu/ af=d y a capital opportunity ( pursu+ y\r favorite /udies4 ,ah6 repli$ ,tub]o1 ,i c /udy my books at any "t1 = !y are always dis5gag$2 b x is a great privilege1 my ,scipio1 to f9d y at leisure1 especially 9 ?is re/less p]iod ( public affairs4 ,y c]ta9ly h f\nd me s1 said ,scipio1 b1 to speak tru?1 ,i am r relax+ f bus9ess ?an f /udy4 ,nay1 said ,tub]o1 y mu/ try to relax f y\r /udies too1 = "h are sev]al ( u1 z we h appo9t$1 all ready1 if x suits y\r conv5i5ce1 to aid y 9 gett+ ?r\gh ?is leisure "t ( y\rs4 ,i am v will+ to cons5t1 answ]$ ,scipio1 & we may be able to comp>e notes respect+ ! sev]al topics t int]e/ u4 ,x4 ,be x s1 said ,tub]o2 & s9ce y invite me to discussion1 & pres5t ! opportunity1 let u fir/ exam9e1 be=e any "o else arrives1 :at c be ! nature ( ! p>helion1 or d\ble sun1 :i* 0 m5tion$ 9 ! s5ate4 ,^? t affirm !y witness$ ?is prodigy are nei!r few nor unwor?y ( cr$it1 s t !re is m reason = inve/igation ?an incr$ulity4#bif ,ah6 said ,scipio1 ,i wi% we _h our fri5d ,pantius ) u1 :o is fond ( inve/igat+ all ?+s ( ?is k9d1 b especially all cele/ial ph5om5a4 ,z = my op9ion1 ,tub]o1 = ,i always tell y j :at ,i ?9k1 ,i h>dly agree 9 ^! subjects ) t fri5d ( m9e1 s9ce1 respect+ ?+s ( :i* we c sc>cely =m a conjecture z to _! "*1 he is z positive z if he _h se5 !m ) 8 own eyes & felt !m ) 8 own h&s4 ,& ,i _c b ! m admire ! wisdom ( ,socrates1 :o disc>d$ all anxiety respect+ ?+s ( ?is k9d1 & affirm$ t ^! inquiries conc]n+ ! secrets ( nature 7 ei!r above ! ef=ts ( human reason1 or 7 absolutely ( no consequ5ce at all to human life4 ,b1 !n1 my ,africanus1 repli$ ,tub]o1 ( :at cr$it is ! tradition :i* /ates t ,socrates reject$ all ^! physical inve/igations1 & conf9$ 8 :ole att5tion to m5 & mann]s8 ,=1 ) respect to him :at bett] au?ority c we cite ?an ,plato8 9 _m passages ( ^: works ,socrates speaks 9 su* a mann] t ev5 :5 he is discuss+ morals1 & virtues1 & ev5 public affairs & politics1 he endeavors to int]weave1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ,py?agoras1 ! doctr9es ( ari?metic1 geometry1 & h>monic proportions ) !m4 ,t is true1 repli$ ,scipio2 b y are aw>e1 ,i believe1 t ,plato1 aft] ! dea? ( ,socrates1 0 induc$ to visit ,egypt by 8 love ( sci5ce1 & t aft] t he proce$$ to ,italy & ,sicily1 f 8 desire ( und]/&+ ! ,py?agorean dogmas2 t he conv]s$ mu* ) ,ar*ytas ( ,t>5tum & ,timu ( ,locris2 t he collect$ ! works ( ,philolaus2 & t1 f9d+ 9 ^! places ! r5[n ( ,py?agoras fl\ri%+1 he addict$ himself exce$+ly to ! disciples ( ,py?agoras1 & _! /udies2 !re=e1 z he lov$ ,socrates ) 8 :ole he>t1 & wi%$ to attribute all great discov]ies to him1 he int]wove ! ,socratic elegance & subtlety ( eloqu5ce ) some:at ( ! obscurity ( ,py?agoras1 & ) t notori\s gravity ( 8 div]sifi$ arts4 ,,xi4 ,:5 ,scipio _h spok5 ?us1 he sudd5ly saw ,lucius ,furius approa*+1 & salut+ him1 & embrac+ him mo/ affectionately1 he gave him a seat on 8 own c\*4 ,& z soon z ,publius ,rutilius1 ! wor?y report] ( ! conf]5ce to u1 _h arriv$1 :5 we _h salut$ him1 he plac$ him by ! side ( ,tub]o4 ,!n said ,furius1 ,:at is x t y are ab\t8 ,has our entrance at all int]rupt$ any conv]sation ( y\rs8 ,by no means1 said ,scipio1 = y y\rself too are 9 ! habit ( inve/igat+ c>efully ! subject :i* ,tub]o 0 a little be=e propos+ to exam9e2 & our fri5d ,rutilius1 ev5 "u ! walls ( ,numantia1 0 9 ! habit at times ( conv]s+ ) me on que/ions ( ! same k9d4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! subject ( y\r discussion8 said ,philus4 ,we 7 talk+1 said ,scipio1 ( ! d\ble suns t rec5tly appe>$1 & ,i wi%1 ,philus1 to he> :at y ?9k ( !m4 ,,xii4 ,j z he 0 speak+1 a boy ann\nc$ t ,llius 0 com+ to call on him1 & t he _h already left 8 h\se4 ,!n ,scipio1 putt+ on 8 s&als & robes1 imm$iately w5t =? f 8 *amb]1 & :5 he _h walk$ a little "t 9 ! portico1 he met ,llius1 & welcom$ him & ^? t accompani$ him1 namely1 ,spurius ,mummius1 to :om he 0 greatly atta*$1 & ,c4 ,fannius & ,qu9tus ,scvola1 sons-9-law ( ,llius1 two v intellig5t "y m51 & n[ ( ! qu/orian age4#big ,:5 he _h salut$ !m all1 he return$ ?r\gh ! portico1 plac+ ,llius 9 ! middle2 = !re 0 9 _! fri5d%ip a sort ( law ( reciprocal c\rtesy1 s t 9 ! camp ,llius paid ,scipio almo/ div9e honors1 on acc\nt ( 8 em95t r5[n 9 w> & 9 private life2 9 8 turn ,scipio rev]5c$ ,llius1 ev5 z a fa!r1 because he 0 old] ?an himself4 ,!n aft] !y _h ex*ang$ a few words1 z !y walk$ up & d[n1 ,scipio1 to :om _! visit 0 extremely welcome & agreeable1 wi%$ to assemble !m 9 a sunny corn] ( ! g>d5s1 because x 0 /ill w9t]2 & :5 !y _h agre$ to ?is1 !re came 9 ano!r fri5d1 a le>n$ man1 mu* belov$ & e/eem$ by all ( !m1 ,m4 ,manilius1 :o1 aft] hav+ be5 mo/ w>mly welcom$ by ,scipio & ! re/1 seat$ himself next to ,llius4 ,,xiii4 ,!n ,philus1 comm5c+ ! conv]sation1 said3 ,x does n appe> to me t ! pres5ce ( our new gue/s ne$ alt] ! subject ( our discussion1 b only t x %\ld induce u to treat x m philosophically1 & 9 a mann] m wor?y ( our increas$ audi5ce4 ,:at d y allude to8 said ,llius2 or :at 0 ! discussion we broke 9 ^u8 ,scipio 0 ask+ me1 repli$ ,philus1 :at ,i ?\ght ( ! p>helion1 or mock sun1 ^: rec5t app>ition 0 s /rongly atte/$4 ,llius4 ,d y say !n1 my ,philus1 t we h suffici5tly exam9$ ^? que/ions :i* conc]n our own h\ses & ! ,commonweal?1 t we beg9 to inve/igate ! cele/ial my/]ies8 ,& ,philus repli$3 ,d y ?9k1 !n1 t x does n conc]n our h\ses to "k :at happ5s 9 t va/ home :i* is n includ$ 9 walls ( human fabrication1 b :i* embraces ! entire univ]se--a home :i* ! ,gods %>e ) u1 z ! common c\ntry ( all intellig5t be+s8 ,especially :51 if we are ignorant ( ^! ?+s1 !re are also _m great practical tru?s :i* result f !m1 & :i* be> directly on ! welf>e ( our race1 ( :i* we mu/ be also ignorant4 ,& "h ,i c speak = myself1 z well z = y1 ,llius1 & all m5 :o are ambiti\s ( wisdom1 t ! k & consid]ation ( ! facts ( nature are by !mselves v delightful4 ,llius4 ,i h no objection to ! discussion1 especially z x is holiday-"t ) u4 ,b _c we h ! pleasure ( he>+ y resume x1 or are we come too late8 ,philus4 ,we h n yet comm5c$ ! discussion1 & s9ce ! "q rema9s entire & unbrok51 ,i %all h ! greate/ pleasure1 my ,llius1 9 h&+ ov] ! argum5t to y4 ,llius4 ,no1 ,i _h mu* r he> y1 unless1 inde$1 ,manilius ?9ks himself able to compromise ! suit betwe5 ! two suns1 t !y may possess heav5 z jo9t sov]eigns )\t intrud+ on ea* o!r's empire4 ,!n ,manilius said3 ,are y go+1 ,llius1 to ridicule a sci5ce 9 :i*1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i myself excel2 &1 secondly1 )\t :i* no "o c di/+ui% :at is 8 own1 & :at is ano!r's8 ,b to return to ! po9t4 ,let u n[ at pres5t li/5 to ,philus1 :o seems to me to h />t$ a great] "q ?an any ( ^? t h engag$ ! att5tion ( ei!r ,publius ,mucius or myself4 ,,xiv4 ,!n ,philus said3 ,i am n ab\t to br+ y any?+ new1 or any?+ :i* has be5 ?\ght ov] or discov]$ by me myself4 ,b ,i recollect t ,caius ,sulpicius ,gallus1 :o 0 a man ( pr(\nd le>n+1 z y are aw>e1 :5 ?is same ?+ 0 report$ to h tak5 place 9 8 "t1 :ile he 0 /ay+ 9 ! h\se ( ,m>cus ,m>cellus1 :o _h be5 8 colleague 9 ! consul%ip1 ask$ to see a cele/ial globe :i* ,m>cellus's gr&fa!r _h sav$ aft] ! capture ( ,syracuse f t magnific5t & opul5t city1 )\t br++ to 8 own home any o!r memorial out ( s great a booty2 :i* ,i _h (t5 he>d m5tion$ on acc\nt ( ! great fame ( ,ar*im$es2 b its appe>ance1 h[ev]1 did n seem to me p>ticul>ly /rik+4 ,= t o!r is m elegant 9 =m1 & m g5]ally kn[n1 :i* 0 made by ! same ,ar*im$es1 & deposit$ by ! same ,m>cellus 9 ! ,temple ( ,virtue at ,rome4 ,b z soon z ,gallus _h begun to expla91 9 a mo/ sci5tific mann]1 ! pr9ciple ( ?is ma*9e1 ,i felt t ! ,sicilian geometrician mu/ h possess$ a g5ius sup]ior to any?+ we usually conceive to belong to our nature4 ,= ,gallus assur$ u t t o!r solid & compact globe 0 a v anci5t inv5tion1 & t ! fir/ model _h be5 orig9ally made by ,?ales ( ,miletus4 ,t aft]w>d ,eudoxus ( ,cnidus1 a disciple ( ,plato1 _h trac$ on its surface ! />s t appe> 9 ! sky1 & t _m ye>s subsequ5tly1 borr[+ f ,eudoxus ?is beautiful design & repres5tation1 ,aratus _h illu/rat$ x 9 8 v]ses1 n by any sci5ce ( a/ronomy1 b by ! ornam5t ( poetic description4 ,he add$ t ! figure ( ! globe1 :i* display$ ! motions ( ! sun & moon1 & ! five planets1 or w&]+ />s1 c\ld n be repres5t$ by ! primitive solid globe2 & t 9 ?is ! inv5tion ( ,ar*im$es 0 admirable1 because he _h calculat$ h[ a s+le revolution %\ld ma9ta9 unequal & div]sifi$ progressions 9 dissimil> motions4 ,9 fact1 :5 ,gallus mov$ ?is globe1 we obs]v$ t ! moon succe$$ ! sun by z _m turns ( ! :eel 9 ! ma*9e z days 9 ! heav5s4 ,f :5ce x result$ t ! progress ( ! sun 0 m>k$ z 9 ! heav5s1 & t ! moon t\*$ ! po9t :]e %e is obscur$ by ! e>?'s %ad[ at ! in/ant ! sun appe>s opposite4#bih 99 99 99 ,,xv4 99 99 99#bii ,i _h myself a great affection = ?is ,gallus1 & ,i "k t he 0 v mu* belov$ & e/eem$ by my fa!r ,paulus4 ,i recollect t :5 ,i 0 v "y1 :5 my fa!r1 z consul1 comm&$ 9 ,mac$onia1 & we 7 9 ! camp1 our army 0 seiz$ ) a pi\s t]ror1 because sudd5ly1 9 a cle> night1 ! bright & full moon became eclips$4 ,& ,gallus1 :o 0 !n our lieut5ant1 ! ye> be=e t 9 :i* he 0 elect$ consul1 hesitat$ n1 next morn+1 to /ate 9 ! camp t x 0 no prodigy1 & t ! ph5om5on :i* _h !n appe>$ w\ld always appe> at c]ta9 p]iods1 :5 ! sun 0 s plac$ t he c\ld n affect ! moon ) 8 light4 ,b d y mean1 said ,tub]o1 t he d>$ to speak ?us to m5 almo/ entirely un$ucat$ & ignorant8 ,scipio4 ,he did1 & ) great 99 99 99 = 8 op9ion 0 no result ( insol5t o/5tation1 nor 0 8 language unbecom+ ! dignity ( s wise a man3 inde$1 he p]=m$ a v noble action 9 ?us free+ 8 c\ntrym5 f ! t]rors ( an idle sup]/ition4 ,,xvi4 ,& !y relate t 9 a simil> way1 9 ! great w> 9 :i* ! ,a!nians & ,lac$monians cont5d$ ) su* viol5t res5tm5t1 ! fam\s ,p]icles1 ! fir/ man ( 8 c\ntry 9 cr$it1 eloqu5ce1 & political g5ius1 obs]v+ ! ,a!nians ov]:elm$ ) an excessive al>m dur+ an eclipse ( ! sun :i* caus$ a sudd5 d>kness1 told !m1 :at he _h le>n$ 9 ! s*ool ( ,anaxagoras1 t ^! ph5om5a necess>ily happ5$ at precise & regul> p]iods :5 ! body ( ! moon 0 int]pos$ betwe5 ! sun & ! e>?1 & t if !y happ5$ n be=e e new moon1 /ill !y c\ld n possibly happ5 except at ! exact "t ( ! new moon4 ,& :5 he _h prov$ ?is tru? by 8 reason+s1 he fre$ ! p f _! al>ms2 = at t p]iod ! doctr9e 0 new & unfamili> t ! sun 0 accu/om$ to be eclips$ by ! int]position ( ! moon1 :i* fact !y say t ,?ales ( ,miletus 0 ! fir/ to discov]4 ,aft]w>d my fri5d ,ennius appe>s to h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! same !ory1 :o1 writ+ ab\t #cejcjj ye>s aft] ! f\ndation ( ,rome1 says1 ,9 ! nones ( ,june ! sun 0 cov]$ by ! moon & night4 ,! calculations 9 ! a/ronomical art h atta9$ su* p]fection t f t day1 ?us describ$ to u by ,ennius & record$ 9 ! pontifical regi/]s1 ! ant]ior eclipses ( ! sun h be5 comput$ z f> back z ! nones ( ,july 9 ! reign ( ,romulus1 :5 t eclipse took place1 9 ! obscurity ( :i* x 0 affirm$ t ,virtue bore ,romulus to heav51 9 spite ( ! p]i%able nature :i* c>ri$ him (f by ! common fate ( humanity4 ,,xvii4 ,!n said ,tub]o3 ,d n y ?9k1 ,scipio1 t ?is a/ronomical sci5ce1 :i* e day proves s useful1 j n[ appe>$ 9 a diff]5t light to y1#cja 99 99 99 :i* ! re/ may see4 ,moreov]1 :o c ?9k any?+ 9 human affairs ( brilliant importance :o has p5etrat$ ?is />ry empire ( ! gods8 ,or :o c ?9k any?+ connect$ ) mank9d long :o has le>n$ to e/imate ! nature ( et]nity8 or glori\s :o is aw>e ( ! insignificance ( ! size ( ! e>?1 ev5 9 its :ole ext5t1 & especially 9 ! portion :i* m5 inhabit8 ,& :5 we consid] t almo/ imp]ceptible po9t :i* we ourselves occupy unkn[n to ! majority ( nations1 c we /ill hope t our "n & reputation c be widely circulat$8 ,& !n our e/ates & edifices1 our cattle1 & ! enorm\s treasures ( our gold & silv]1 c !y be e/eem$ or d5om9at$ z desirable goods by him :o obs]ves _! p]i%able pr(it1 & _! contemptible use1 & _! unc]ta9 dom9ation1 (t5 fall+ into ! possession ( ! v wor/ m58 ,h[ happy1 !n1 ought we to e/eem t man :o alone has x 9 8 p[]1 n by ! law ( ! ,romans1 b by ! privilege ( philosoph]s1 to enjoy all ?+s z 8 own2 n by any civil bond1 b by ! common "r ( nature1 :i* d5ies t any?+ c really be possess$ by any "o b him :o und]/&s its true nature & use2 :o reckons our dictator%ips & consul%ips r 9 ! rank ( necess>y (fices ?an desirable employm5ts1 & ?9ks !y mu/ be endur$ r z acquittances ( our debt to our c\ntry ?an s\ght = ! sake ( emolum5t or glory--! man1 9 %ort1 :o c apply to himself ! s5t5ce :i* ,cato tells u my ance/or ,africanus lov$ to repeat1 t he 0 nev] s busy z :5 he did no?+1 & nev] less solit>y ?an :5 alone4 ,= :o c believe t ,dionysius1 :5 aft] e possible ef=t he ravi%$ f 8 fell[-citiz5s _! lib]ty1 _h p]=m$ a nobl] "w ?an ,ar*im$es1 :51 )\t appe>+ to be do+ any?+1 he manufactur$ ! globe :i* we h j be5 describ+8 ,:o does n see t ^? m5 are 9 reality m solit>y :o1 9 ! mid/ ( a cr[d1 f9d no "o ) :om !y c conv]se cong5ially ?an ^? :o1 )\t witnesses1 hold communion ) !mselves1 & ent] into ! secret c\nsels ( ! sage/ philosoph]s1 :ile !y delight !mselves 9 _! writ+s & discov]ies8 ,& :o w\ld ?9k any "o ri*] ?an ! man :o is 9 want ( no?+ :i* nature requires2 or m p[]ful ?an he :o has atta9$ all t %e has ne$ (2 or happi] ?an he :o is free f all m5tal p]turbation2 or m secure 9 future ?an he :o c>ries all 8 prop]ty 9 himself1 :i* is ?us secur$ f %ipwreck8 ,& :at p[]1 :at magi/racy1 :at royalty1 c be pref]r$ to a wisdom :i*1 look+ d[n on all t]re/rial objects z l[ & transitory ?+s1 incessantly directs its att5tion to et]nal & immutable v]ities1 & :i* is p]suad$ t ?\gh o!rs are call$ m51 none are really s b ^? :o are ref9$ by ! appropriate acts ( humanity8 ,9 ?is s5se an expression ( ,plato or "s o!r philosoph] appe>s to me exce$+ly elegant1 :o1 :5 a tempe/ _h driv5 8 %ip on an unkn[n c\ntry & a desolate %ore1 dur+ ! al>ms ) :i* _! ignorance ( ! region inspir$ 8 companions1 obs]v$1 !y say1 geometrical figures trac$ 9 ! s&1 on :i* he imm$iately told !m to be ( good *e]1 = he _h obs]v$ ! indications ( ,man4 ,a conjecture he d$uc$1 n f ! cultivation ( ! soil :i* he beheld1 b f ! symbols ( sci5ce4 ,= ?is reason1 ,tub]o1 le>n+ & le>n$ m51 & ^! y\r favorite /udies1 h always p>ticul>ly pleas$ me4 ,,xviii4 ,!n ,llius repli$3 ,i _c v5ture1 ,scipio1 to answ] y\r argum5ts1 or to ma9ta9 ! discussion ei!r aga9/ y1 ,philus1 or ,manilius4#cjb 99 99 99 ,we _h a fri5d 9 ,tub]o's fa!r's family1 :o 9 ^! respects may s]ve him z a model4 ,sextus s wise1 & ev] on 8 gu>d4 ,wise & cauti\s inde$ he 01 z ,ennius ju/ly describes him--n because he se>*$ = :at he c\ld nev] f9d1 b because he knew h[ to answ] ^? :o pray$ = deliv]ance f c>es & difficulties4 ,x is he :o1 reason+ aga9/ ! a/ronomical /udies ( ,gallus1 us$ frequ5tly to repeat ^! words ( ,a*illes 9 ! ,iphig5ia#cjc3 ,!y note ! a/rologic signs ( heav51 ,:5e'er ! goats or scorpions ( great ,jove1 ,or o!r mon/r\s names ( brutal =ms1 ,rise 9 ! zodiac2 b n "o reg>ds ,! s5sible facts ( e>?1 on :i* we tread1 ,:ile gaz+ on ! />ry prodigies4 ,he us$1 h[ev]1 to say 7& ,i h (t5 li/5$ to him ) pleasure7 t = 8 "p he ?\ght t ,ze?us1 9 ! piece ( ,pacuvius1 0 too inimical to le>n+4 ,he mu* pref]r$ ! ,neoptolemus ( ,ennius1 :o pr(esses himself desir\s ( philosophiz+ only 9 mod]ation2 = t he did n ?9k x "r to be :olly devot$ to x4 ,b ?\gh ! /udies ( ! ,greeks h s _m *>ms = y1 !re are o!rs1 p]haps1 nobl] & m ext5sive1 :i* we may be bett] able to apply to ! s]vice ( real life1 & ev5 to political affairs4 ,z to ^! ab/ract sci5ces1 _! utility1 if !y possess any1 lies pr9cipally 9 excit+ & /imulat+ ! abilities ( y\?1 s t !y m easily acquire m important accompli%m5ts4 ,,xix4 ,!n ,tub]o said3 ,i d n mean to disagree ) y1 ,llius2 b1 pray1 :at d y call m important /udies8 ,llius4 ,i w tell y frankly1 ?\gh p]haps y w ?9k lightly ( my op9ion1 s9ce y appe>$ s eag] 9 int]rogat+ ,scipio respect+ ! cele/ial ph5om5a2 b ,i happ5 to ?9k t ^? ?+s :i* are e day be=e our eyes are m p>ticul>ly des]v+ ( our att5tion4 ,:y %\ld ! *ild ( ,paulus milius1 ! nephew ( milius1 ! desc5dant ( su* a noble family & s glori\s a republic1 inquire h[ !re c be two suns 9 heav51 & n ask h[ !re c be two s5ates 9 "o ,commonweal?1 &1 z x 71 two di/9ct peoples8 ,=1 z y see1 ! dea? ( ,tib]ius ,grac*us1 & ! :ole sy/em ( 8 tribune%ip1 has divid$ "o p into two p>ties4 ,b ! sl&]]s & ! enemies ( ,scipio1 enc\rag$ by ,p4 ,crassus & ,appius ,claudius1 ma9ta9$1 aft] ! dea? ( ^! two *iefs1 a division ( ne>ly half ! s5ate1 "u ! influ5ce ( ,metellus & ,mucius4 ,nor w\ld !y p]mit ! man#cjd :o alone c\ld h be5 ( s]vice to help u out ( our difficulties dur+ ! movem5t ( ! ,lat9s & _! allies t[>ds rebellion1 violat+ all our treaties 9 ! pres5ce ( facti\s triumvirs1 & creat+ e day "s fre% intrigue1 to ! di/urbance ( ! wor?i] & weal?i] citiz5s4 ,?is is ! reason1 "y m51 if y w li/5 to me1 :y y %\ld reg>d ?is new sun ) less al>m2 =1 :e!r x does exi/1 or :e!r x does n exi/1 x is1 z y see1 q h>mless to u4 ,z to ! mann] ( its exi/5ce1 we c "k little or no?+2 & ev5 if we obta9$ ! mo/ p]fect und]/&+ ( x1 ?is k w\ld make u b little wis] or happi]4 ,b t !re %\ld exi/ a unit$ p & a unit$ s5ate is a ?+ :i* actually may be br\ght ab\t1 & x w be a great evil if x is n2 & t x does n exi/ at pres5t we are aw>e2 & we see t if x c be effect$1 our lives w be bo? bett] & happi]4 ,,xx4 ,!n ,mucius said3 ,:at1 !n1 d y consid]1 my ,llius1 %\ld be our be/ argum5ts 9 endeavor+ to br+ ab\t ! object ( y\r wi%es8 ,llius4 ,^? sci5ces & arts :i* tea* u h[ we may be mo/ useful to ! ,/ate2 = ,i consid] t ! mo/ glori\s (fice ( wisdom1 & ! noble/ pro( & bus9ess ( virtue4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 t we may consecrate ^! holidays z mu* z possible to conv]sations :i* may be pr(itable to ! ,commonweal?1 let u beg ,scipio to expla9 to u :at 9 8 e/imation appe>s to be ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,!n let u pass on to o!r po9ts1 ! k ( :i* may lead u1 z ,i hope1 to s\nd political views1 & unfold ! causes ( ! dang]s :i* n[ ?reat5 u4 ,,xxi4 ,:5 ,philus1 ,manilius1 & ,mummius _h all express$ _! great approbation ( ?is idea#cje 99 99 99 ,i h v5tur$ to op5 our discussion 9 ?is way1 n only because x is b j t on ,/ate politics ! *ief man 9 ! ,/ate %\ld be ! pr9cipal speak]1 b also because ,i recollect t y1 ,scipio1 7 =m]ly v mu* 9 ! habit ( conv]s+ ) ,pantius & ,polybius1 two ,greeks1 exce$+ly le>n$ 9 political que/ions1 & t y are ma/] ( _m argum5ts by :i* y prove t by f> ! be/ condition ( gov]nm5t is t :i* our ance/ors h h&$ d[n to u4 ,& z y1 !re=e1 are famili> ) ?is subject1 if y w expla9 to u y\r views respect+ ! g5]al pr9ciples ( a /ate 7,i speak = my fri5ds z well z myself71 we %all feel exce$+ly oblig$ to y4 ,,xxii4 ,!n ,scipio said3 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge t !re is no subject ( m$itation to :i* my m9d naturally turns ) m ardor & int5sity ?an ?is v "o :i* ,llius has propos$ to u4 ,&1 inde$1 z ,i see t 9 e pr(ession1 e arti/ :o w\ld di/+ui% himself1 ?9ks (1 & aims at1 & labors = no o!r object b t ( atta9+ p]fection 9 8 art1 %\ld n ,i1 ^: ma9 bus9ess1 accord+ to ! example ( my fa!r & my ance/ors1 is ! advancem5t & "r adm9i/ration ( gov]nm5t1 be confess+ myself m indol5t ?an any common me*anic if ,i 7 to be/[ on ?is noble/ ( sci5ces less att5tion & labor ?an !y devote to _! insignificant trades8 ,h[ev]1 ,i am nei!r entirely satisfi$ ) ! decisions :i* ! greate/ & wise/ m5 ( ,greece h left u2 nor1 on ! o!r h&1 d ,i v5ture to pref] my own op9ions to !irs4 ,!re=e1 ,i mu/ reque/ y n to consid] me ei!r entirely ignorant ( ! ,grecian lit]ature1 nor yet dispos$1 especially 9 political que/ions1 to yield x ! pre-em95ce ov] our own2 b r to reg>d me z a true-born ,roman1 n illib]ally in/ruct$ by ! c>e ( my fa!r1 & inflam$ ) ! desire ( k1 ev5 f my boyhood1 b /ill ev5 m famili> ) dome/ic precepts & practices ?an ! lit]ature ( books4 ,,xxiii4 ,on ?is ,philus said3 ,i h no d\bt1 my ,scipio1 t no "o is sup]ior to y 9 natural g5ius1 & t y are v f> sup]ior to e "o 9 ! practical exp]i5ce ( national gov]nm5t & ( important bus9ess4 ,we are also acqua9t$ ) ! c\rse :i* y\r /udies h at all times tak52 & if1 z y say1 y h giv5 s mu* att5tion to ?is sci5ce & art ( politics1 we _c be too mu* oblig$ to ,llius = introduc+ ! subject3 = ,i tru/ t :at we %all he> f y w be f> m useful & available ?an all ! writ+s put toge!r :i* ! ,greeks h writt5 = u4 ,!n ,scipio repli$3 ,y are rais+ a v high expectation ( my disc\rse1 su* z is a mo/ oppressive burd5 to a man :o is requir$ to discuss grave subjects4 ,& ,philus said3 ,al?\gh t may be a difficulty1 my ,scipio1 /ill y w be sure to conqu] x1 z y always d2 nor is !re any dang] ( eloqu5ce fail+ y1 :5 y beg9 to speak on ! affairs ( a commonweal?4 ,,xxiv4 ,!n ,scipio proce$$3 ,i w d :at y wi%1 z f> z ,i c2 & ,i %all ent] into ! discussion "u favor ( t rule :i*1 ,i ?9k1 %\ld be adopt$ by all p]sons 9 disputations ( ?is k9d1 if !y wi% to avoid be+ misund]/ood2 namely1 t :5 m5 h agre$ respect+ ! prop] "n ( ! matt] "u discussion1 x %\ld be /at$ :at t "n exactly means1 & :at x legitimately includes4 ,& :5 t po9t is settl$1 !n x is fit to ent] on ! discussion2 = x w nev] be possible to arrive at an und]/&+ ( :at ! "* ( ! subject ( ! discussion is1 unless "o fir/ und]/&s exactly :at x is4 ,s9ce1 !n1 our inve/igations relate to a commonweal?1 we mu/ fir/ exam9e :at ?is "n prop]ly signifies4 ,& :5 ,llius _h intimat$ 8 approbation ( ?is c\rse1 ,scipio cont9u$3 ,i %all n adopt1 said he1 9 s cle> & simple a mann] t sy/em ( discussion :i* goes back to fir/ pr9ciples2 z le>n$ m5 (t5 d 9 ?is sort ( discussion1 s z to g back to ! fir/ meet+ ( male & female1 & !n to ! fir/ bir? & =mation ( ! fir/ family1 & def9e ov] & ov] aga9 :at !re is 9 words1 & 9 h[ _m mann]s ea* ?+ is /at$4 ,=1 z ,i am speak+ to m5 ( prud5ce1 :o h act$ ) ! greate/ glory 9 ! ,commonweal?1 bo? 9 peace & w>1 ,i w take c>e n to all[ ! subject ( ! discussion itself to be cle>] ?an my explanation ( x4 ,nor h ,i und]tak5 ?is task ) ! design ( exam9+ all its m9ut] po9ts1 l a s*ool-ma/]2 nor w ,i promise y 9 ! foll[+ disc\rse n to omit any s+le p>ticul>4 ,!n ,llius said3 ,= my "p1 ,i am impati5t = exactly t k9d ( disquisition :i* y promise u4 ,,xxv4 ,well1 !n1 said ,africanus1 a commonweal? is a con/itution ( ! entire p4 ,b ! p is n e association ( m51 h[ev] congregat$1 b ! association ( ! entire numb]1 b\nd toge!r by ! compact ( ju/ice1 & ! communication ( utility4 ,! fir/ cause ( ?is association is n s mu* ! weakness ( man z a c]ta9 _s ( congregation :i* naturally belongs to him4 ,= ! human race is n a race ( isolat$ individuals1 w&]+ & solit>y2 b x is s con/itut$ t ev5 9 ! afflu5ce ( all ?+s & )\t any ne$ ( reciprocal assi/ance1 x spontane\sly seeks society4 ,,xxvi4 ,x is necess>y to presuppose ^! orig9al se$s1 z x 71 s9ce we _c discov] any prim>y e/abli%m5t ( ! o!r virtues1 or ev5 ( a commonweal? itself4 ,^! unions1 !n1 =m$ by ! pr9ciple :i* ,i h m5tion$1 e/abli%$ _! headqu>t]s orig9ally 9 c]ta9 c5tral positions1 = ! conv5i5ce ( ! :ole population2 & hav+ =tifi$ !m by natural & artificial means1 !y call$ ?is collection ( h\ses a city or t[n1 di/+ui%$ by temples & public squ>es4 ,e p1 !re=e1 :i* consi/s ( su* an association ( ! entire multitude z ,i h describ$1 e city :i* consi/s ( an assemblage ( ! p1 & e commonweal? :i* embraces e memb] ( ^! associations1 mu/ be regulat$ by a c]ta9 au?ority1 9 ord] to be p]man5t4 ,?is intellig5t au?ority %\ld always ref] itself to t gr& fir/ pr9ciple :i* e/abli%$ ! ,commonweal?4 ,x mu/ be deposit$ 9 ! h&s ( "o supreme p]son1 or intru/$ to ! adm9i/ration ( c]ta9 delegat$ rul]s1 or und]tak5 by ! :ole multitude4 ,:5 ! direction ( all dep5ds on "o p]son1 we call ?is individual a k+1 & ?is =m ( political con/itution a k+dom4 ,:5 x is 9 ! p[] ( privileg$ delegates1 ! ,/ate is said to be rul$ by an ari/ocracy2 & :5 ! p are all 9 all1 !y call x a democracy1 or popul> con/itution4 ,& if ! tie ( social affection1 :i* orig9ally unit$ m5 9 political associations = ! sake ( public int]e/1 ma9ta9s its =ce1 ea* ( ^! =ms ( gov]nm5t is1 ,i w n say p]fect1 nor1 9 my op9ion1 ess5tially good1 b tol]able1 & su* t "o may accid5tally be bett] ?an ano!r3 ei!r a j & wise k+1 or a selection ( ! mo/ em95t citiz5s1 or ev5 ! populace itself 7?\gh ?is is ! lea/ comm5dable =m71 may1 if !re be no int]f]5ce ( crime & cupidity1 =m a con/itution suffici5tly secure4 ,,xxvii4 ,b 9 a mon>*y ! o!r memb]s ( ! ,/ate are (t5 too mu* depriv$ ( public c\nsel & jurisdiction2 & "u ! rule ( an ari/ocracy ! multitude c h>dly possess its due %>e ( lib]ty1 s9ce x is all[$ no %>e 9 ! public delib]ation1 & no p[]4 ,& :5 all ?+s are c>ri$ by a democracy1 al?\gh x be j & mod]ate1 yet its v equality is a culpable levell+1 inasmu* z x all[s no gradations ( rank4 ,!re=e1 ev5 if ,cyrus1 ! ,k+ ( ! ,p]sians1 0 a mo/ righte\s & wise mon>*1 ,i %\ld /ill ?9k t ! int]e/ ( ! p 7= ?is is1 z ,i h said be=e1 ! same z ! ,commonweal?7 c\ld n be v effectually promot$ :5 all ?+s dep5d$ on ! beck & nod ( "o individual4 ,& ?\gh at pres5t ! p ( ,m>seilles1 our cli5ts1 are gov]n$ ) ! greate/ ju/ice by elect$ magi/rates ( ! highe/ rank1 /ill !re is always 9 ?is condition ( ! p a c]ta9 appe>ance ( s]vitude2 & :5 ! ,a!nians1 at a c]ta9 p]iod1 hav+ demoli%$ _! ,areopagus1 conduct$ all public affairs by ! acts & decrees ( ! democracy alone1 _! ,/ate1 z x no long] conta9$ a di/9ct gradation ( ranks1 0 no long] able to reta9 its orig9al fair appe>ance4 ,,xxviii4 ,i h reason$ ?us on ! ?ree =ms ( gov]nm5t1 n look+ on !m 9 _! disorganiz$ & confus$ conditions1 b 9 _! prop] & regul> adm9i/ration4 ,^! ?ree p>ticul> =ms1 h[ev]1 conta9$ 9 !mselves1 f ! fir/1 ! faults & defects ,i h m5tion$2 b !y h also o!r dang]\s vices1 = !re is n "o ( ^! ?ree =ms ( gov]nm5t :i* has n a precipit\s & slipp]y passage d[n to "s proximate abuse4 ,=1 aft] ?9k+ ( t endurable1 or1 z y w h x1 mo/ amiable k+1 ,cyrus--to "n him 9 pref]5ce to any "o else--!n1 to produce a *ange 9 our m9ds1 we behold ! b>b>\s ,phal>is1 t model ( tyranny1 to :i* ! mon>*ical au?ority is easily abus$ by a facile & natural incl9ation4 ,&1 9 l mann]1 along-side ( ! wise ari/ocracy ( ,m>seilles1 we might exhibit ! olig>*ical faction ( ! ?irty tyrants :i* once exi/$ at ,a!ns4 ,&1 n to seek = o!r in/ances1 among ! same ,a!nians1 we c %[ y t :5 unlimit$ p[] 0 ca/ into ! h&s ( ! p1 x inflam$ ! fury ( ! multitude1 & aggravat$ t univ]sal lic5se :i* ru9$ _! ,/ate4#cjf 99 99 99 ,,xxix4 ,! wor/ condition ( ?+s sometimes results f a confusion ( ^? facti\s tyrannies into :i* k+s1 ari/ocrats1 & democrats are apt to deg5]ate4 ,= ?us1 f ^! div]se elem5ts1 !re occasionally arises 7z ,i h said be=e7 a new k9d ( gov]nm5t4 ,& wond]ful inde$ are ! revolutions & p]iodical returns 9 natural con/itutions ( su* alt]nations & vicissitudes1 :i* x is ! "p ( ! wise politician to inve/igate ) ! close/ att5tion4 ,b to calculate _! approa*1 & to jo9 to ?is =esight ! skill :i* mod]ates ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 & reta9s 9 a /eady h& ! re9s ( t au?ority :i* safely conducts ! p ?r\gh all ! dang]s to :i* !y expose !mselves1 is ! "w ( a mo/ illu/ri\s citiz51 & ( almo/ div9e g5ius4 ,!re is a f\r? k9d ( gov]nm5t1 !re=e1 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 is pref]able to all ^!3 x is t mix$ & mod]ate gov]nm5t :i* is compos$ ( ! ?ree p>ticul> =ms :i* ,i h already notic$4 ,,xxx4 ,llius4 ,i am n ignorant1 ,scipio1 t su* is y\r op9ion1 = ,i h (t5 he>d y say s4 ,b ,i d n ! less desire1 if x is n giv+ y too mu* tr\ble1 to he> :i* y consid] ! be/ ( ^! ?ree =ms ( commonweal?s4 ,= x may be ( "s use 9 consid]+#cjg 99 99 99 ,,xxxi4 99 99 99 ,& ea* commonweal? corresponds to ! nature & w ( him :o gov]ns x4 ,!re=e1 9 no o!r con/itution ?an t 9 :i* ! p ex]cise sov]eign p[] has lib]ty any sure abode1 ?an :i* !re c]ta9ly is no m desirable bless+4 ,& if x be n equally e/abli%$ = e "o1 x is n ev5 lib]ty at all4 ,& h[ c !re be ?is "* ( equality1 ,i d n say "u a mon>*y1 :]e slav]y is lea/ disguis$ or d\btful1 b ev5 9 ^? con/itutions 9 :i* ! p are free inde$ 9 words1 = !y give _! suffrages1 !y elect (fic]s1 !y are canvass$ & solicit$ = magi/racies2 b yet !y only grant ^? ?+s :i* !y are oblig$ to grant :e!r !y w or n1 & :i* are n really 9 _! free p[]1 ?\gh o!rs ask !m = !m8 ,= !y are n !mselves admitt$ to ! gov]nm5t1 to ! ex]cise ( public au?ority1 or to (fices ( select judges1 :i* are p]mitt$ to ^? only ( anci5t families & l>ge =tunes4 ,b 9 a free p1 z among ! ,rhodians & ,a!nians1 !re is no citiz5 :o#cjh 99 99 99 ,,xxxii4 99 99 99 ,no soon] is "o man1 or sev]al1 elevat$ by weal? & p[]1 ?an !y say t 99 99 99 arise f _! pride & arrogance1 :5 ! idle & ! timid give way1 & b[ d[n to ! insol5ce ( ri*es4 ,b if ! p knew h[ to ma9ta9 its rights1 !n !y say t no?+ c\ld be m glori\s & prosp]\s ?an democracy2 inasmu* z !y !mselves w\ld be ! sov]eign disp5s]s ( laws1 judgm5ts1 w>1 peace1 public treaties1 &1 f9ally1 ( ! =tune & life ( ea* individual citiz52 & ?is condition ( ?+s is ! only "o :i*1 9 _! op9ion1 c be really call$ a commonweal?1 t is to say1 a con/itution ( ! p4 ,x is on ?is pr9ciple t1 accord+ to !m1 a p (t5 v9dicates its lib]ty f ! dom9ation ( k+s & nobles2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 k+s are n s\ght = among free peoples1 nor are ! p[] & weal? ( ari/ocracies4 ,!y d5y1 moreov]1 t x is fair to reject ?is g5]al con/itution ( freem51 on acc\nt ( ! vices ( ! unbridl$ populace2 b t if ! p be unit$ & incl9$1 & directs all its ef=ts to ! safety & fre$om ( ! community1 no?+ c be /rong] or m un*angeable2 & !y ass]t t ?is necess>y union is easily obta9$ 9 a republic s con/itut$ t ! good ( all classes is ! same2 :ile ! conflict+ int]e/s t prevail 9 o!r con/itutions inevitably produce diss5sions2 !re=e1 say !y1 :5 ! s5ate _h ! asc5d5cy1 ! republic _h no /ability2 & :5 k+s possess ! p[]1 ?is bless+ is /ill m r>e1 s9ce1 z ,ennius expresses x1 ,9 k+doms !re's no fai?1 & little love4 ,:]e=e1 s9ce ! law is ! bond ( civil society1 & ! ju/ice ( ! law equal1 by :at rule c ! association ( citiz5s be held toge!r1 if ! condition ( ! citiz5s be n equal8 ,= if ! =tunes ( m5 _c be r$uc$ to ?is equality--if g5ius _c be equally ! prop]ty ( all--rights1 at lea/1 %\ld be equal among ^? :o are citiz5s ( ! same republic4 ,= :at is a republic b an association ( rights8#cji 99 99 99 ,,xxxiii4 ,b z to ! o!r political con/itutions1 ^! democratical advocates d n ?9k !y are wor?y ( be+ di/+ui%$ by ! "n :i* !y claim4 ,= :y1 say !y1 %\ld we apply ! "n ( k+1 ! title ( ,jupit] ! ,b5efic5t1 & n r ! title ( tyrant1 to a man ambiti\s ( sole au?ority & p[]1 lord+ x ov] a degrad$ multitude8 ,= a tyrant may be z m]ciful z a k+ may be oppressive2 s t ! :ole diff]5ce to ! p is1 :e!r !y s]ve an indulg5t ma/] or a cruel "o1 s9ce s]ve "s "o !y mu/4 ,b h[ c\ld ,sp>ta1 at ! p]iod ( ! boa/$ sup]iority ( h] political in/itution1 obta9 a con/ant enjoym5t ( j & virtu\s k+s1 :5 !y necess>ily receiv$ an h]$it>y mon>*1 good1 bad1 or indiff]5t1 because he happ5$ to be ( ! blood royal8 ,z to ari/ocrats1 ,:o w endure1 say !y1 t m5 %\ld di/+ui% !mselves by su* a title1 & t n by ! voice ( ! p1 b by _! own votes8 ,= h[ is su* a "o judg$ to be be/ ei!r 9 le>n+1 sci5ces1 or arts8#caj 99 99 99 ,,xxxiv4 99 99 99 ,if x does s by hap-haz>d1 x w be z easily upset z a vessel if ! pilot 7 *os5 by lot f among ! pass5g]s4 ,b if a p1 be+ free1 *ooses ^? to :om x c tru/ itself--&1 if x desires its own pres]vation1 x w always *oose ! noble/--!n c]ta9ly x is 9 ! c\nsels ( ! ari/ocracy t ! safety ( ! ,/ate consi/s1 especially z nature has n only appo9t$ t ^! sup]ior m5 %\ld excel ! inf]ior sort 9 high virtue & c\rage1 b has inspir$ ! p also ) ! desire ( ob$i5ce t[>ds ^!1 _! natural lords4 ,b !y say ?is ari/ocratical ,/ate is de/roy$ by ! deprav$ op9ions ( m51 :o1 ?r\gh ignorance ( virtue 7:i*1 z x belongs to few1 c be disc]n$ & appreciat$ by few71 imag9e t n only ri* & p[]ful m51 b also ^? :o are nobly born1 are necess>ily ! be/4 ,& s :51 ?r\gh ?is popul> error1 ! ri*es1 & n ! virtue1 ( a few m5 has tak5 possession ( ! ,/ate1 ^! *iefs ob/9ately reta9 ! title ( nobles1 ?\gh !y want ! ess5ce ( nobility4 ,= ri*es1 fame1 & p[]1 )\t wisdom & a j me?od ( regulat+ ourselves & comm&+ o!rs1 are full ( discr$it & insol5t arrogance2 nor is !re any k9d ( gov]nm5t m de=m$ ?an t 9 :i* ! weal?ie/ are reg>d$ z ! noble/4 ,b :5 virtue gov]ns ! ,commonweal?1 :at c be m glori\s8 ,:5 he :o comm&s ! re/ is himself enslav$ by no lu/ or passion2 :5 he himself exhibits all ! virtues to :i* he incites & educates ! citiz5s2 :5 he imposes no law on ! p :i* he does n himself obs]ve1 b pres5ts 8 life z a liv+ law to 8 fell[-c\ntrym52 if a s+le individual c\ld ?us suffice = all1 !re w\ld be no ne$ ( m2 & if ! community c\ld f9d a *ief rul] ?us wor?y ( all _! suffrages1 none w\ld require elect$ magi/rates4 ,x 0 ! difficulty ( =m+ plans :i* transf]r$ ! gov]nm5t f a k+ into ! h&s ( _m2 & ! error & tem]ity ( ! p likewise transf]r$ x f ! h&s ( ! _m into ^? ( ! few4 ,?us1 betwe5 ! weakness ( ! mon>* & ! ra%ness ( ! multitude1 ! ari/ocrats h occupi$ ! middle place1 ?an :i* no?+ c be bett] arrang$2 & :ile !y sup]9t5d ! public int]e/1 ! p necess>ily enjoy ! greate/ possible prosp]ity1 be+ free f all c>e & anxiety1 hav+ intru/$ _! security to o!rs1 :o ought s$ul\sly to def5d x1 & n all[ ! p to suspect t _! advantage is neglect$ by _! rul]s4 ,= z to t equality ( rights :i* democracies s l\dly boa/ (1 x c nev] be ma9ta9$2 = ! p !mselves1 s dissolute & s unbridl$1 are always incl9$ to flatt] a numb] ( demagogues2 & !re is 9 !m a v great p>tiality = c]ta9 m5 & dignities1 s t _! equality1 s call$1 becomes mo/ unfair & iniquit\s4 ,= z equal honor is giv5 to ! mo/ noble & ! mo/ infam\s1 "s ( :om mu/ exi/ 9 e ,/ate1 !n ! equity :i* !y eulogize becomes mo/ inequitable--an evil :i* nev] c happ5 9 ^? /ates :i* are gov]n$ by ari/ocracies4 ,^! reason+s1 my ,llius1 & "s o!rs ( ! same k9d1 are usually br\ght =w>d by ^? t s highly extol ?is =m ( political con/itution4 ,,xxxv4 ,!n ,llius said3 ,b y h n told u1 ,scipio1 :i* ( ^! ?ree =ms ( gov]nm5t y y\rself mo/ approve4 ,scipio4 ,y are "r to %ape y\r "q1 :i* ( ! ?ree ,i mo/ approve1 = !re is n "o ( !m :i* ,i approve at all by itself1 s9ce1 z ,i told y1 ,i pref] t gov]nm5t :i* is mix$ & compos$ ( all ^! =ms1 to any "o ( !m tak5 sep>ately4 ,b if ,i mu/ conf9e myself to "o ( ^! p>ticul> =ms simply & exclusively1 ,i mu/ confess ,i pref] ! royal "o1 & praise t z ! fir/ & be/4 ,9 ?is1 :i* ,i "h *oose to call ! primitive =m ( gov]nm5t1 ,i f9d ! title ( fa!r atta*$ to t ( k+1 to express t he wat*es ov] ! citiz5s z ov] 8 *ildr51 & endeavors r to pres]ve !m 9 fre$om ?an r$uce !m to slav]y4 ,s t x is m advantage\s = ^? :o are insignificant 9 prop]ty & capacity to be support$ by ! c>e ( "o excell5t & em95tly p[]ful man4 ,! nobles "h pres5t !mselves1 :o pr(ess t !y c d all ?is 9 mu* bett] /yle2 = !y say t !re is mu* m wisdom 9 _m ?an 9 "o1 & at lea/ z mu* fai? & equity4 ,&1 la/ ( all1 come ! p1 :o cry ) a l\d voice t !y w r5d] ob$i5ce nei!r to ! "o nor ! few2 t ev5 to brute bea/s no?+ is s de> z lib]ty2 & t all m5 :o s]ve ei!r k+s or nobles are depriv$ ( x4 ,?us1 ! k+s attract u by affection1 ! nobles by tal5t1 ! p by lib]ty2 & 9 ! comp>ison x is h>d to *oose ! be/4 ,llius4 ,i ?9k s too1 b yet x is impossible to despat* ! o!r bran*es ( ! "q1 if y leave ?is prim>y po9t undet]m9$4 ,,xxxvi4 ,scipio4 ,we mu/ !n1 ,i suppose1 imitate ,aratus1 :o1 :5 he prep>$ himself to treat ( great ?+s1 ?\ght himself 9 duty b\nd to beg9 ) ,jupit]4 ,llius4 ,:]e=e ,jupit]8 & :at is !re 9 ?is discussion :i* resembles t poem8 ,scipio4 ,:y1 x s]ves to tea* u t we _c bett] comm5ce our inve/igations ?an by invok+ him :om1 ) "o voice1 bo? le>n$ & unle>n$ extol z ! univ]sal k+ ( all gods & m54 ,h[ s8 said ,llius4 ,d y1 !n1 ask$ ,scipio1 believe 9 no?+ :i* is n be=e y\r eyes8 :e!r ^! ideas h be5 e/abli%$ by ! *iefs ( /ates = ! b5efit ( society1 t !re might be believ$ to exi/ "o ,univ]sal ,mon>* 9 heav51 at ^: nod 7z ,hom] expresses x7 all ,olympus trembles1 & t he might be acc\nt$ bo? k+ & fa!r ( all creatures2 = !re is great au?ority1 & !re are _m witnesses1 if y *oose to call all _m1 :o atte/ t all nations h unanim\sly recogniz$1 by ! decrees ( _! *iefs1 t no?+ is bett] ?an a k+1 s9ce !y ?9k t all ! ,gods are gov]n$ by ! div9e p[] ( "o sov]eign2 or if we suspect t ?is op9ion re/s on ! error ( ! ignorant1 & %\ld be class$ among ! fables1 let u li/5 to ^? univ]sal te/imonies ( erudite m51 :o h1 z x 71 se5 ) _! eyes ^? ?+s to ! k ( :i* we c h>dly atta9 by report4 ,:at m5 d y mean8 said ,llius4 ,^?1 repli$ ,scipio1 :o1 by ! inve/igation ( nature1 h arriv$ at ! op9ion t ! :ole univ]se is animat$ by a s+le ,m9d#caa4 99 99 99 ,,xxxvii4 ,b if y please1 my ,llius1 ,i w br+ =w>d evid5ces :i* are nei!r too anci5t nor 9 any respect b>b>\s4 ,^?1 said ,llius1 are :at ,i want4 ,scipio4 ,y are aw>e t x is n[ n f\r c5turies s9ce ?is city ( ours has be5 )\t k+s4 ,llius4 ,y are correct2 x is less ?an f\r c5turies4 ,scipio4 ,well1 !n1 :at are f\r c5turies 9 ! age ( a /ate or city8 is x a long "t8 ,llius4 ,x h>dly am\nts to ! age ( maturity4 ,scipio4 ,y say truly2 & yet n f\r c5turies h elaps$ s9ce !re 0 a k+ 9 ,rome4 ,llius4 ,& he 0 a pr\d k+4 ,scipio4 ,b :o 0 8 pr$ecessor8 ,llius4 ,he 0 an admirably j "o2 &1 inde$1 we mu/ be/[ ! same praise on all 8 pr$ecessors z f> back z ,romulus1 :o reign$ ab\t six c5turies ago4 ,scipio4 ,ev5 he1 !n1 is n v anci5t4 ,llius4 ,no2 he reign$ :5 ,greece 0 already becom+ old4 ,scipio4 ,agre$4 ,0 ,romulus1 !n1 ?9k y1 k+ ( a b>b>\s p8 ,llius4 ,:y1 z to t1 if we 7 to foll[ ! example ( ! ,greeks1 :o say t all p are ei!r ,greeks or b>b>ians1 ,i am afraid t we mu/ confess t he 0 a k+ ( b>b>ians2 b if ?is "n belongs r to mann]s ?an to languages1 !n ,i believe ! ,greeks 7 j z b>b>\s z ! ,romans4 ,!n ,scipio said3 ,b ) respect to ! pres5t "q1 we d n s mu* ne$ to inquire into ! nation z into ! disposition4 ,= if intellig5t m51 at a p]iod s little remote1 desir$ ! gov]nm5t ( k+s1 y w confess t ,i am produc+ au?orities t are nei!r antiquat$1 rude1 nor insignificant4 ,,xxxviii4 ,!n ,llius said3 ,i see1 ,scipio1 t y are v suffici5tly provid$ ) au?orities2 b ) me1 z ) e fair judge1 au?orities are wor? less ?an argum5ts4 ,scipio repli$3 ,!n1 ,llius1 y %all y\rself make use ( an argum5t d]iv$ f y\r own s5ses4 ,llius4 ,:at s5ses d y mean8 ,scipio4 ,! feel+s :i* y exp]i5ce :5 at any "t y happ5 to feel angry ) any "o4 ,llius4 ,t happ5s r (t5] ?an ,i c\ld wi%4 ,scipio4 ,well1 !n1 :5 y are angry1 d y p]mit y\r ang] to triumph ov] y\r judgm5t8 ,no1 by ,h]cules6 said ,llius2 ,i imitate ! fam\s ,ar*ytas ( ,t>5tum1 :o1 :5 he came to 8 villa1 & f\nd all its arrangem5ts 7 contr>y to 8 ord]s1 said to 8 /ew>d1 ,ah6 y unlucky sc\ndrel1 ,i w\ld flog y to dea?1 if x 7 n t ,i am 9 a rage ) y4 ,capital1 said ,scipio4 ,ar*ytas1 !n1 reg>d$ unreasonable ang] z a k9d ( s$ition & rebellion ( nature :i* he s\ght to appease by reflection4 ,& s1 if we exam9e av>ice1 ! ambition ( p[] or ( glory1 or ! lu/s ( concupisc5ce & lic5ti\sness1 we %all f9d a c]ta9 consci5ce 9 ! m9d ( man1 :i*1 l a k+1 sways by ! =ce ( c\nsel all ! inf]ior faculties & prop5sities2 & ?is1 9 tru?1 is ! noble/ portion ( our nature2 = :5 consci5ce reigns1 x all[s no re/+-place to lu/1 viol5ce1 or tem]ity4 ,llius4 ,y h spok5 ! tru?4 ,scipio4 ,well1 !n1 does a m9d ?us gov]n$ & regulat$ meet y\r approbation8 ,llius4 ,m ?an any?+ ^u e>?4 ,scipio4 ,!n y w\ld n approve t ! evil passions1 :i* are innum]able1 %\ld expel consci5ce1 & t lu/s & animal prop5sities %\ld assume an asc5d5cy ov] u8 ,llius4 ,= my "p1 ,i c conceive no?+ m wret*$ ?an a m9d ?us degrad$1 or a man animat$ by a s\l s lic5ti\s4 ,scipio4 ,y desire1 !n1 t all ! faculties ( ! m9d %\ld submit to a rul+ p[]1 & t consci5ce %\ld reign ov] !m all8 ,llius4 ,c]ta9ly1 t is my wi%4 ,scipio4 ,h[1 !n1 c y d\bt :at op9ion to =m on ! subject ( ! ,commonweal?8 9 :i*1 if ! ,/ate is ?r[n into _m h&s1 x is v pla9 t !re w be no presid+ au?ority2 = if p[] be n unit$1 x soon comes to no?+4 ,,xxxix4 ,!n ,llius ask$3 ,b :at diff]5ce is !re1 ,i %\ld l to "k1 betwe5 ! "o & ! _m1 if ju/ice exi/s equally 9 _m8 ,& ,scipio said3 ,s9ce ,i see1 my ,llius1 t ! au?orities ,i h adduc$ h no great influ5ce on y1 ,i mu/ cont9ue to employ y y\rself z my witness 9 pro( ( :at ,i am say+4 ,9 :at way1 said ,llius1 are y go+ to make me aga9 support y\r argum5t8 ,scipio4 ,:y1 ?us3 ,i recollect1 :5 we 7 lately at ,=mi1 t y told y\r s]vants repeat$ly to obey ! ord]s ( m ?an "o ma/] only4 ,llius4 ,to be sure1 ^? ( my /ew>d4 ,scipio4 ,:at d y at home8 ,d y commit y\r affairs to ! h&s ( _m p]sons8 ,llius4 ,no1 ,i tru/ !m to myself alone4 ,scipio4 ,well1 9 y\r :ole e/abli%m5t1 is !re any o!r ma/] b y\rself8 ,llius4 ,n "o4 ,scipio4 ,!n ,i ?9k y mu/ grant me t1 z respects ! ,/ate1 ! gov]nm5t ( s+le individuals1 provid$ !y are j1 is sup]ior to any o!r4 ,llius4 ,y h conduct$ me to ?is conclusion1 & ,i ent]ta9 v ne>ly t op9ion4 ,,xl4 ,& ,scipio said3 ,y w\ld /ill fur!r agree ) me1 my ,llius1 if1 omitt+ ! common comp>isons1 t "o pilot is bett] fitt$ to /e] a %ip1 & a physician to treat an invalid1 provid$ !y be compet5t m5 9 _! respective pr(essions1 ?an _m c\ld be1 ,i %\ld come at once to m illu/ri\s examples4 ,llius4 ,:at examples d y mean8 ,scipio4 ,d n y obs]ve t x 0 ! cruelty & pride ( "o s+le ,t>qu9 only t made ! title ( k+ unpopul> among ! ,romans8 ,llius4 ,yes1 ,i ackn[l$ge t4 ,scipio4 ,y are also aw>e ( ?is fact1 on :i* ,i ?9k ,i %all debate 9 ! c\rse ( ! com+ discussion1 t aft] ! expulsion ( ,k+ ,t>qu91 ! p 0 transport$ by a wond]ful excess ( lib]ty4 ,!n innoc5t m5 7 driv5 into bani%m5t2 !n ! e/ates ( _m individuals 7 pillag$1 consul%ips 7 made annual1 public au?orities 7 ov]aw$ by mobs1 popul> appeals took place 9 all cases imag9able2 !n secessions ( ! l[] ord]s ensu$1 &1 la/ly1 ^? proce$+s :i* t5d$ to place all p[]s 9 ! h&s ( ! populace4 ,llius4 ,i mu/ confess ?is is all too true4 ,all ^! ?+s n[1 said ,scipio1 happ5$ dur+ p]iods ( peace & tranquillity1 = lic5se is wont to prevail :5 !re is little to fe>1 z 9 a calm voyage or a trifl+ disease4 ,b z we obs]ve ! voyag] & ! invalid implore ! aid ( "s "o compet5t director1 z soon z ! sea gr[s /ormy & ! disease al>m+1 s our nation 9 peace & security comm&s1 ?reat5s1 resi/s1 appeals f1 & insults its magi/rates1 b 9 w> obeys !m z /rictly z k+s2 = public safety is1 aft] all1 r m valuable ?an popul> lic5se4 ,& 9 ! mo/ s]i\s w>s1 our c\ntrym5 h ev5 *os5 ! entire comm& to be deposit$ 9 ! h&s ( "s s+le *ief1 )\t a colleague2 ! v "n ( :i* magi/rate indicates ! absolute "* ( 8 p[]4 ,= ?\gh he is evid5tly call$ dictator because he is appo9t$ 7dicitur71 yet d we /ill obs]ve him1 my ,llius1 9 our sacr$ books entitl$ ,magi/] ,populi 7! ma/] ( ! p74 ,?is is c]ta9ly ! case1 said ,llius4 ,our ance/ors1 !re=e1 said ,scipio1 act$ wisely4#cab 99 99 99 ,,xli4 ,:5 ! p is depriv$ ( a j k+1 z ,ennius says1 aft] ! dea? ( "o ( ! be/ ( mon>*s1 ,!y hold 8 memory de>1 &1 9 ! w>m? ,( _! disc\rse1 !y cry1 ,o ,romulus6 ,o pr9ce div9e1 sprung f ! might ( ,m>s ,to be ?y c\ntry's gu>dian6 ,o our sire6 ,be our protector /ill1 ,o heav5-begot6 ,n h]oes1 nor lords alone1 did !y call ^? :om !y lawfully obey$2 nor m]ely z k+s did !y proclaim !m2 b !y pron\nc$ !m _! c\ntry's gu>dians1 _! fa!rs1 & _! ,gods4 ,nor1 inde$1 )\t cause1 = !y add$1 ,?\1 ,pr9ce1 ha/ br\ght u to ! gates ( light4 ,& truly !y believ$ t life & honor & glory _h aris5 to !m f ! ju/ice ( _! k+4 ,! same good-w w\ld d\btless h rema9$ 9 _! desc5dants1 if ! same virtues _h be5 pres]v$ on ! ?rone2 b1 z y see1 by ! inju/ice ( "o man ! :ole ( t k9d ( con/itution fell into ru94 ,i see x inde$1 said ,llius1 & ,i long to "k ! hi/ory ( ^! political revolutions bo? 9 our own ,commonweal? & 9 e o!r4 ,,xlii4 ,& ,scipio said3 ,:5 ,i %all h expla9$ my op9ion respect+ ! =m ( gov]nm5t :i* ,i pref]1 ,i %all be able to speak to y m accurately respect+ ! revolutions ( /ates1 ?\gh ,i ?9k t su* w n take place s easily 9 ! mix$ =m ( gov]nm5t :i* ,i recomm5d4 ,) respect1 h[ev]1 to absolute mon>*y1 x pres5ts an inh]5t & inv9cible t5d5cy to revolution4 ,no soon] does a k+ beg9 to be unju/ ?an ?is entire =m ( gov]nm5t is demoli%$1 & he at once becomes a tyrant1 :i* is ! wor/ ( all gov]nm5ts1 & "o v closely relat$ to mon>*y4 ,if ?is ,/ate falls into ! h&s ( ! nobles1 :i* is ! usual c\rse ( ev5ts1 x becomes an ari/ocracy1 or ! second ( ! ?ree k9ds ( con/itutions :i* ,i h describ$2 = x is1 z x 71 a royal--t is to say1 a pat]nal--c\ncil ( ! *ief m5 ( ! ,/ate consult+ = ! public b5efit4 ,or if ! p by itself has expell$ or sla9 a tyrant1 x is mod]ate 9 its conduct z long z x has s5se & wisdom1 & :ile x rejoices 9 its exploit1 & applies itself to ma9ta9+ ! con/itution :i* x has e/abli%$4 ,b if ev] ! p has rais$ its =ces aga9/ a j k+ & robb$ him ( 8 ?rone1 or1 z has frequ5tly happ5$1 has ta/$ ! blood ( its legitimate nobles1 & subject$ ! :ole ,commonweal? to its own lic5se1 y c imag9e no flood or conflagration s t]rible1 or any ^: viol5ce is h>d] to appease ?an ?is unbridl$ insol5ce ( ! populace4 ,,xliii4 ,!n we see realiz$ t :i* ,plato s vividly describes1 if ,i c b express x 9 our language4 ,x is by no means easy to d x ju/ice 9 translation3 h[ev]1 ,i w try4 ,:51 says ,plato1 ! insatiate jaws ( ! populace are fir$ ) ! ?ir/ ( lib]ty1 & :5 ! p1 urg$ on by evil m9i/]s1 dra9s 9 its ?ir/ ! cup1 n ( temp]$ lib]ty1 b unmitigat$ lic5se1 !n ! magi/rates & *iefs1 if !y are n utt]ly subs]vi5t & remiss1 & %ameless promot]s ( ! popul> lic5ti\sness1 are pursu$1 incrim9at$1 accus$1 & cri$ d[n "u ! title ( despots & tyrants4 ,i d>e say y recollect ! passage4 ,yes1 said ,llius1 x is famili> to me4 ,scipio4 ,plato ?us proce$s3 ,!n ^? :o feel 9 duty b\nd to obey ! *iefs ( ! ,/ate are p]secut$ by ! ins5sate populace1 :o call !m volunt>y slaves4 ,b ^? :o1 ?\gh inve/$ ) magi/racies1 wi% to be consid]$ on an equality ) private individuals1 & ^? private individuals :o labor to aboli% all di/9ctions betwe5 _! own class & ! magi/rates1 are extoll$ ) acclamations & ov]:elm$ ) honors1 s t x inevitably happ5s 9 a commonweal? ?us revolutioniz$ t lib]alism ab\nds 9 all directions1 due au?ority is f\nd want+ ev5 9 private families1 & misrule seems to ext5d ev5 to ! animals t witness x4 ,!n ! fa!r fe>s ! son1 & ! son neglects ! fa!r4 ,all mode/y is bani%$2 !y become f> too lib]al = t4 ,no diff]5ce is made betwe5 ! citiz5 & ! ali52 ! ma/] dreads & cajoles 8 s*ol>s1 & ! s*ol>s despise _! ma/]s4 ,! "y m5 assume ! gravity ( sages1 & sages mu/ /oop to ! follies ( *ildr51 le/ !y %\ld be hat$ & oppress$ by !m4 ,! v slaves ev5 are "u b little re/ra9t2 wives boa/ ! same rights z _! husb&s2 dogs1 horses1 & asses are emancipat$ 9 ?is outrage\s excess ( fre$om1 & run ab\t s viol5tly t !y fright5 ! pass5g]s f ! road4 ,at l5g? ! t]m9ation ( all ?is inf9ite lic5ti\sness is1 t ! m9ds ( ! citiz5s become s fa/idi\s & effem9ate1 t :5 !y obs]ve ev5 ! slighte/ ex]tion ( au?ority !y gr[ angry & s$iti\s1 & ?us ! laws beg9 to be neglect$1 s t ! p are absolutely )\t any ma/] at all4 ,!n ,llius said3 ,y h v accurately r5d]$ ! op9ions :i* he express$4 ,,xliv4 ,scipio4 ,n[1 to return to ! argum5t ( my disc\rse4 ,x appe>s t ?is extreme lic5se1 :i* is ! only lib]ty 9 ! eyes ( ! vulg>1 is1 accord+ to ,plato1 su* t f x z a sort ( root tyrants naturally arise & spr+ up4 ,= z ! excessive p[] ( an ari/ocracy occasions ! de/ruction ( ! nobles1 s ?is excessive lib]alism ( democracies br+s aft] x ! slav]y ( ! p4 ,?us we f9d 9 ! wea!r1 ! soil1 & ! animal con/itution ! mo/ favorable conditions are sometimes sudd5ly conv]t$ by _! excess into ! contr>y1 & ?is fact is especially obs]vable 9 political gov]nm5ts2 & ?is excessive lib]ty soon br+s ! p collectively & individually to an excessive s]vitude4 ,=1 z ,i said1 ?is extreme lib]ty easily introduces ! reign ( tyranny1 ! sev]e/ ( all unju/ slav]ies4 ,9 fact1 f ! mid/ ( ?is unbridl$ & caprici\s populace1 !y elect "s "o z a lead] 9 opposition to _! afflict$ & expell$ nobles3 "s new *ief1 =soo?1 audaci\s & impure1 (t5 insol5tly p]secut+ ^? :o h des]v$ well ( ! ,/ate1 & ready to gratify ! populace at 8 neighbor's exp5se z well z 8 own4 ,!n1 s9ce ! private condition is naturally expos$ to fe>s & al>ms1 ! p inve/ him ) _m p[]s1 & ^! are cont9u$ 9 8 h&s4 ,su* m51 l ,pisi/ratus ( ,a!ns1 w soon f9d an excuse = surr\nd+ !mselves ) body-gu>ds1 & !y w conclude by becom+ tyrants ov] ! v p]sons :o rais$ !m to dignity4 ,if su* despots p]i% by ! v5geance ( ! bett] citiz5s1 z is g5]ally ! case1 ! con/itution is re-e/abli%$2 b if !y fall by ! h&s ( bold insurg5ts1 !n ! same faction succe$s !m1 :i* is only ano!r species ( tyranny4 ,& ! same revolution arises f ! fair sy/em ( ari/ocracy :5 any corruption has betray$ ! nobles f ! pa? ( rectitude4 ,?us ! p[] is l ! ball :i* is flung f h& to h&3 x passes f k+s to tyrants1 f tyrants to ! ari/ocracy1 f !m to democracy1 & f ^! back aga9 to tyrants & to factions2 & ?us ! same k9d ( gov]nm5t is seldom long ma9ta9$4 ,,xlv4 ,s9ce ^! are ! facts ( exp]i5ce1 royalty is1 9 my op9ion1 v f> pref]able to ! ?ree o!r k9ds ( political con/itutions4 ,b x is itself inf]ior to t :i* is compos$ ( an equal mixture ( ! ?ree be/ =ms ( gov]nm5t1 unit$ & modifi$ by "o ano!r4 ,i wi% to e/abli% 9 a commonweal? a royal & pre-em95t *ief4 ,ano!r portion ( p[] %\ld be deposit$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ari/ocracy1 & c]ta9 ?+s %\ld be res]v$ to ! judgm5t & wi% ( ! multitude4 ,?is con/itution1 9 ! fir/ place1 possesses t great equality )\t :i* m5 _c long ma9ta9 _! fre$om2 secondly1 x (f]s a great /ability1 :ile ! p>ticul> sep>ate & isolat$ =ms easily fall into _! contr>ies2 s t a k+ is succe$$ by a despot1 an ari/ocracy by a faction1 a democracy by a mob & confusion2 & all ^! =ms are frequ5tly sacrific$ to new revolutions4 ,9 ?is unit$ & mix$ con/itution1 h[ev]1 simil> disa/]s _c happ5 )\t ! greate/ vices 9 public m54 ,= !re c be little to occasion revolution 9 a /ate 9 :i* e p]son is firmly e/abli%$ 9 8 appropriate rank1 & !re are b few modes ( corruption into :i* we c fall4 ,,xlvi4 ,b ,i fe>1 ,llius1 & y1 my amiable & le>n$ fri5ds1 t if ,i 7 to dwell any long] on ?is argum5t1 my words w\ld seem r l ! lessons ( a ma/]1 & n l ! free conv]sation ( "o :o is unit+ ) y 9 ! consid]ation ( tru?4 ,i %all !re=e pass on to ^? ?+s :i* are famili> to all1 & :i* ,i h long /udi$4 ,& 9 ^! matt]s ,i believe1 ,i feel1 & ,i affirm t ( all gov]nm5ts !re is none :i*1 ei!r 9 its entire con/itution or ! di/ribution ( its p>ts1 or 9 ! discipl9e ( its mann]s1 is comp>able to t :i* our fa!rs receiv$ f our e>lie/ ance/ors1 & :i* !y h h&$ d[n to u4 ,& s9ce y wi% to he> f me a developm5t ( ?is con/itution1 ) :i* y are all acqua9t$1 ,i %all endeavor to expla9 its true "* & excell5ce4 ,?us keep+ my eye fix$ on ! model ( our ,roman ,commonweal?1 ,i %all endeavor to accommodate to x all t ,i h to say on ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t4 ,& by treat+ ! subject 9 ?is way1 ,i ?9k ,i %all be able to accompli% mo/ satisfactorily ! task :i* ,llius has impos$ on me4 ,,xlvii4 ,llius4 ,x is a task mo/ prop]ly & peculi>ly y\r own1 my ,scipio2 = :o c speak s well z y ei!r on ! subject ( ! in/itutions ( our ance/ors1 s9ce y y\rself are desc5d$ f mo/ illu/ri\s ance/ors1 or on t ( ! be/ =m ( a con/itution :i*1 if we possess 7?\gh at ?is mom5t we d n1 /ill71 :5 we d possess su* a ?+1 :o w be m fl\ri%+ 9 x ?an y8 or on t ( provid+ c\nsels = ! future1 z y1 :o1 by dispell+ two mighty p]ils f our city1 h provid$ = its safety =ev]8 ,,fragm5ts4 ,,xlviii4 ,z our c\ntry is ! s\rce ( ! greate/ b5efits1 & is a p>5t de>] ?an ^? :o h giv5 u life1 we owe h] /ill w>m] gratitude ?an belongs to our human relations4 99 99 99 ,nor w\ld ,c>?age h cont9u$ to fl\ri% dur+ six c5turies )\t wisdom & good in/itutions4 99 99 99 ,9 tru?1 says ,cic]o1 al?\gh ! reason+s ( ^? m5 may conta9 mo/ abundant f\nta9s ( sci5ce & virtue2 /ill1 if we comp>e !m ) ! a*ievem5ts & complete actions ( /atesm51 !y w seem n to h be5 ( s mu* s]vice 9 ! actual bus9ess ( m5 z ( amusem5t = _! leisure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,book1 ,,by ,,! ,,orig9al ,,translator4 ,9 ?is second book ( 8 ,commonweal?1 ,cic]o gives u a spirit$ & eloqu5t review ( ! hi/ory & successive developm5ts ( ! ,roman con/itution4 ,he be/[s ! w>me/ praises on its e>ly k+s1 po9ts out ! great advantages :i* _h result$ f its primitive mon>*ical sy/em1 & expla9s h[ t sy/em _h be5 gradually brok5 up4 ,9 ord] to prove ! importance ( reviv+ x1 he gives a gl[+ picture ( ! evils & disa/]s t _h befall5 ! ,roman ,/ate 9 consequ5ce ( t ov]*>ge ( democratic folly & viol5ce :i* _h gradually ga9$ an al>m+ prepond]ance1 & describes1 ) a k9d ( prophetic sagacity1 ! fruit ( 8 political exp]i5ce1 ! subsequ5t revolutions ( ! ,roman ,/ate1 :i* su* a /ate ( ?+s w\ld necess>ily br+ ab\t4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,i4 ,:51 !re=e1 he obs]v$ all 8 fri5ds k9dl$ ) ! desire ( he>+ him1 ,scipio ?us op5$ ! discussion4 ,i w comm5ce1 said ,scipio1 ) a s5tim5t ( old ,cato1 :om1 z y "k1 ,i s+ul>ly lov$ & exce$+ly admir$1 & to :om1 9 compliance ) ! judgm5t ( bo? my p>5ts1 & also by my own desire1 ,i 0 entirely devot$ dur+ my y\?2 ( ^: disc\rse1 inde$1 ,i c\ld nev] h en\gh1 s mu* exp]i5ce did he possess z a /atesman respect+ ! republic :i* he _h s long gov]n$1 bo? 9 peace & w>1 ) s mu* success4 ,!re 0 also an admirable propriety 9 8 /yle ( conv]sation1 9 :i* wit 0 temp]$ ) gravity2 a wond]ful aptitude = acquir+1 & at ! same "t communicat+1 in=mation2 & 8 life 0 9 p]fect correspond5ce & unison ) 8 language4 ,he us$ to say t ! gov]nm5t ( ,rome 0 sup]ior to t ( o!r /ates = ?is reason1 because 9 ne>ly all ( !m !re _h be5 s+le individuals1 ea* ( :om _h regulat$ _! commonweal? accord+ to _! own laws & _! own ord9ances4 ,s ,m9os _h done 9 ,crete1 & ,lycurgus 9 ,sp>ta2 & 9 ,a!ns1 :i* exp]i5c$ s _m revolutions1 fir/ ,!seus1 !n ,draco1 !n ,solon1 !n ,cli/h5es1 aft]w>d _m o!rs2 &1 la/ly1 :5 x 0 almo/ lifeless & q pro/rate1 t great & wise man1 ,demetrius ,phal]eus1 support$ x4 ,b our ,roman con/itution1 on ! contr>y1 did n spr+ f ! g5ius ( "o individual1 b f t ( _m2 & x 0 e/abli%$1 n 9 ! lifetime ( "o man1 b 9 ! c\rse ( sev]al ages & c5turies4 ,=1 add$ he1 !re nev] yet exi/$ any g5ius s va/ & compreh5sive z to all[ no?+ at any "t to escape its att5tion2 & all ! g5iuses 9 ! _w unit$ 9 a s+le m9d c\ld nev]1 )9 ! limits ( a s+le life1 ex]t a =esight suffici5tly ext5sive to embrace & h>monize all1 )\t ! aid ( exp]i5ce & practice4 ,?us1 accord+ to ,cato's usual habit1 ,i n[ asc5d 9 my disc\rse to ! orig9 ( ! p1 = ,i l to adopt ! expression ( ,cato4 ,i %all also m easily execute my propos$ task if ,i ?us exhibit to y our political con/itution 9 its infancy1 progress1 & maturity1 n[ s firm & fully e/abli%$1 ?an if1 aft] ! example ( ,socrates 9 ! books ( ,plato1 ,i 7 to del9eate a m]e imag9>y republic4 ,,ii4 ,:5 all _h signifi$ _! approbation1 ,scipio resum$3 ,:at comm5cem5t ( a political con/itution c we conceive m brilliant1 or m univ]sally kn[n1 ?an ! f\ndation ( ,rome by ! h& ( ,romulus8 ,& he 0 ! son ( ,m>s3 = we may grant ?is mu* to ! common report exi/+ among m51 especially z x is n m]ely anci5t1 b "o also :i* has be5 wisely ma9ta9$ by our ance/ors1 9 ord] t ^? :o h done great s]vice to communities may enjoy ! reputation ( hav+ receiv$ f ! ,gods1 n only _! g5ius1 b _! v bir?4 ,x is relat$1 !n1 t soon aft] ! bir? ( ,romulus & 8 bro!r ,remus1 ,amulius1 ,k+ ( ,alba1 fe>+ t !y might "o day und]m9e 8 au?ority1 ord]$ t !y %\ld be expos$ on ! banks ( ! ,tib]2 & t 9 ?is situation ! infant ,romulus 0 suckl$ by a wild bea/2 t he 0 aft]w>d educat$ by ! %eph]ds1 & br\ght up 9 ! r\gh way ( liv+ & labors ( ! c\ntrym52 & t he acquir$1 :5 he grew up1 su* sup]iority ov] ! re/ by ! vigor ( 8 body & ! c\rage ( 8 s\l1 t all ! p :o at t "t inhabit$ ! pla9s 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ,rome n[ /&s1 tranquilly & will+ly submitt$ to 8 gov]nm5t4 ,& :5 he _h made himself ! *ief ( ^? b&s1 to come f fables to facts1 he took ,alba ,longa1 a p[]ful & /rong city at t "t1 & slew its k+1 ,amulius4 ,,iii4 ,hav+ acquir$ ?is glory1 he conceiv$ ! design 7z !y tell u7 ( f\nd+ a new city & e/abli%+ a new /ate4 ,z respect$ ! site ( 8 new city1 a po9t :i* requires ! greate/ =esight 9 him :o w\ld lay ! f\ndation ( a durable commonweal?1 he *ose ! mo/ conv5i5t possible position4 ,= he did n advance too ne> ! sea1 :i* he might easily h done ) ! =ces "u 8 comm&1 ei!r by ent]+ ! t]ritory ( ! ,rutuli & ,aborig9es1 or by f\nd+ 8 citadel at ! m\? ( ! ,tib]1 :]e _m ye>s aft] ,ancus ,m>tius e/abli%$ a colony4 ,b ,romulus1 ) admirable g5ius & =esight1 obs]v$ & p]ceiv$ t sites v ne> ! sea are n ! mo/ favorable positions = cities :i* w\ld atta9 a durable prosp]ity & dom9ion4 ,& ?is1 fir/1 because m>itime cities are always expos$1 n only to _m attacks1 b to p]ils !y _c provide aga9/4 ,= ! cont9u$ l& gives notice1 by _m indications1 n only ( any regul> approa*es1 b also ( any sudd5 surprises ( an enemy1 & ann\nces !m be=eh& by ! m]e s\nd4 ,!re is no adv]s>y :o1 on an inl& t]ritory1 c arrive s swiftly z to prev5t our kn[+ n only 8 exi/5ce1 b 8 "* too1 & :]e he comes f4 ,b a m>itime & naval enemy c fall ^u a t[n on ! sea-coa/ be=e any "o suspects t he is ab\t to come2 & :5 he does come1 no?+ ext]ior indicates :o he is1 or :5ce he comes1 or :at he wi%es2 nor c x ev5 be det]m9$ & di/+ui%$ on all occasions :e!r he is a fri5d or a foe4 ,,iv4 ,b m>itime cities are likewise naturally expos$ to corrupt influ5ces1 & revolutions ( mann]s4 ,_! civilization is m or less adult]at$ by new languages & cu/oms1 & !y import n only =eign m]*&ise1 b =eign fa%ions1 to su* a degree t no?+ c cont9ue unalloy$ 9 ! national in/itutions4 ,^? :o inhabit ^! m>itime t[ns d n rema9 9 _! native place1 b are urg$ af> f _! homes by w+$ hope & speculation4 ,& ev5 :5 !y d n des]t _! c\ntry 9 p]son1 /ill _! m9ds are always expatiat+ & voyag+ r\nd ! _w4 ,nor1 inde$1 0 !re any cause :i* m deeply und]m9$ ,cor9? & ,c>?age1 & at la/ ov]?rew !m bo?1 ?an ?is w&]+ & disp]sion ( _! citiz5s1 :om ! passion ( comm]ce & navigation _h induc$ to ab&on ! cultivation ( _! l&s & _! att5tion to milit>y pursuits4 ,! proximity ( ! sea likewise adm9i/]s to m>itime cities a multitude ( p]nici\s inc5tives to luxury1 :i* are ei!r acquir$ by victory or import$ by comm]ce2 & ! v agreeabl5ess ( _! position n\ri%es _m exp5sive & deceitful gratifications ( ! passions4 ,& :at ,i h spok5 ( ,cor9? may be appli$1 = aught ,i "k1 )\t incorrectness to ! :ole ( ,greece4 ,= ! ,peloponnesus itself is almo/ :olly on ! sea-coa/2 nor1 besides ! ,phliasians1 are !re any ^: l&s d n t\* ! sea2 & beyond ! ,peloponnesus1 ! nianes1 ! ,dorians1 & ! ,dolopes are ! only inl& p4 ,:y %\ld ,i speak ( ! ,grecian isl&s1 :i*1 gird$ by ! waves1 seem all afloat1 z x 71 toge!r ) ! in/itutions & mann]s ( _! cities8 ,& ^! ?+s1 ,i h be=e notic$1 d n respect anci5t ,greece only2 = :i* ( all ^? colonies :i* h be5 l$ f ,greece into ,asia1 ,?racia1 ,italy1 ,sicily1 & ,africa1 ) ! s+le exception ( ,magnesia1 is !re t is n wa%$ by ! sea8 ,?us x seems z if a sort ( ,grecian coa/ _h be5 annex$ to t]ritories ( ! b>b>ians4 ,= among ! b>b>ians !mselves none 7 h]et(ore a m>itime p1 if we except ! ,c>?ag9ians & ,etruscans2 "o = ! sake ( comm]ce1 ! o!r ( pillage4 ,& ?is is "o evid5t reason ( ! calamities & revolutions ( ,greece1 because %e became infect$ ) ! vices :i* belong to m>itime cities1 :i* ,i j n[ briefly enum]at$4 ,b yet1 not)/&+ ^! vices1 !y h "o great advantage1 & "o :i* is ( univ]sal application1 namely1 t !re is a great facility = new inhabitants flock+ to !m4 ,&1 aga91 t ! inhabitants are enabl$ to export & s5d abroad ! produce ( _! native l&s to any nation !y please1 :i* (f]s !m a m>ket = _! goods4 ,v4 ,by :at div9e wisdom1 !n1 c\ld ,romulus embrace all ! b5efits t c\ld belong to m>itime cities1 & at ! same "t avoid ! dang]s to :i* !y are expos$1 except1 z he did1 by build+ 8 city on ! bank ( an inexhau/ible riv]1 ^: equal curr5t dis*>ges itself into ! sea by a va/ m\?1 s t ! city c\ld receive all x want$ f ! sea1 & dis*>ge its sup]abundant commodities by ! same *annel8 ,& 9 ! same riv] a communication is f\nd by :i* x n only receives f ! sea all ! productions necess>y to ! conv5i5ces & elegances ( life1 b ^? also :i* are br\ght f ! inl& di/ricts4 ,s t ,romulus seems to me to h div9$ & anticipat$ t ?is city w\ld "o day become ! c5tre & abode ( a p[]ful & opul5t empire2 = !re is no o!r "p ( ,italy 9 :i* a city c\ld be situat$ s z to be able to ma9ta9 s wide a dom9ion ) s mu* ease4 ,,vi4 ,z to ! natural =tifications ( ,rome1 :o is s neglig5t & unobs]vant z n to h !m depict$ & deeply /amp$ on 8 memory8 ,su* is ! plan & direction ( ! walls1 :i*1 by ! prud5ce ( ,romulus & 8 royal successors1 are b\nd$ on all sides by /eep & rugg$ hills2 & ! only ap]ture betwe5 ! ,esquil9e & ,quir9al m\nta9s is enclos$ by a =midable ramp>t1 & surr\nd$ by an imm5se fosse4 ,& z = our =tifi$ citadel1 x is s secur$ by a precipit\s b>ri] & enclosure ( rocks1 t1 ev5 9 t horrible attack & invasion ( ! ,gauls1 x rema9$ impregnable & inviolable4 ,moreov]1 ! site :i* he select$ _h also an abundance ( f\nta9s1 & 0 heal?y1 ?\gh x 0 9 ! mid/ ( a pe/il5tial region2 = !re are hills :i* at once create a curr5t ( fre% air1 & fl+ an agreeable %ade ov] ! valleys4 ,,vii4 ,^! ?+s he effect$ ) wond]ful rapidity1 & ?us e/abli%$ ! city1 :i*1 f 8 own "n ,romulus1 he det]m9$ to call ,rome4 ,& 9 ord] to /r5g!n 8 new city1 he conceiv$ a design1 s+ul> en\gh1 & ev5 a little rude1 yet wor?y ( a great man1 & ( a g5ius :i* disc]n$ f> away 9 futurity ! means ( /r5g!n+ 8 p[] & 8 p4 ,! "y ,sab9e females ( honorable bir? :o _h come to ,rome1 attract$ by ! public games & spectacles :i* ,romulus !n1 = ! fir/ "t1 e/abli%$ z annual games 9 ! circus1 7 sudd5ly c>ri$ (f at ! fea/ ( ,consus#cac by 8 ord]s1 & 7 giv5 9 m>riage to ! m5 ( ! noble/ families 9 ,rome4 ,& :51 on ?is acc\nt1 ! ,sab9es _h decl>$ w> aga9/ ,rome1 ! issue ( ! battle be+ d\btful & undecid$1 ,romulus made an alliance ) ,tatius1 ,k+ ( ! ,sab9es1 at ! int]cession ( ! matrons !mselves :o _h be5 c>ri$ (f4 ,by ?is compact he admitt$ ! ,sab9es into ! city1 gave !m a p>ticipation 9 ! religi\s c]emonies1 & divid$ 8 p[] ) _! k+4 ,,viii4 ,b aft] ! dea? ( ,tatius1 ! entire gov]nm5t 0 aga9 ve/$ 9 ! h&s ( ,romulus1 al?\gh1 besides mak+ ,tatius 8 own p>tn]1 he _h also elect$ "s ( ! *iefs ( ! ,sab9es into ! royal c\ncil1 :o on acc\nt ( _! affectionate reg>d = ! p 7 call$ patres1 or fa!rs4 ,he also divid$ ! p into ?ree tribes1 call$ aft] ! "n ( ,tatius1 & 8 own "n1 & t ( ,locumo1 :o _h fall5 z 8 ally 9 ! ,sab9e w>2 & also into ?irty curi1 designat$ by ! names ( ^? ,sab9e virg9s1 :o1 aft] be+ c>ri$ (f at ! fe/ivals1 g5]\sly (f]$ !mselves z ! m$iators ( peace & coalition4 ,b ?\gh ^! ord]s 7 e/abli%$ 9 ! life ( ,tatius1 yet1 aft] 8 dea?1 ,romulus reign$ ) /ill great] p[] by ! c\nsel & au?ority ( ! s5ate4 ,,ix4 ,9 ?is respect he approv$ & adopt$ ! pr9ciple :i* ,lycurgus b little be=e _h appli$ to ! gov]nm5t ( ,lac$mon2 namely1 t ! mon>*ical au?ority & ! royal p[] op]ate be/ 9 ! gov]nm5t ( /ates :5 to ?is supreme au?ority is jo9$ ! influ5ce ( ! noble/ ( ! citiz5s4 ,!re=e1 ?us support$1 &1 z x 71 propp$ up by ?is c\ncil or s5ate1 ,romulus conduct$ _m w>s ) ! neighbor+ nations 9 a mo/ successful mann]2 & :ile he refus$ to take any portion ( ! booty to 8 own palace1 he did n cease to enri* ! citiz5s4 ,he also *]i%$ ! greate/ respect = t in/itution ( hi]>*ical & ecclesia/ical ord9ances :i* we /ill reta9 to ! great b5efit ( ! ,commonweal?2 = 9 ! v comm5cem5t ( 8 gov]nm5t he f\nd$ ! city ) religi\s rites1 & 9 ! in/itution ( all public e/abli%m5ts he 0 equally c>eful 9 att5d+ to ^! sacr$ c]emonials1 & associat$ ) himself on ^! occasions prie/s t 7 select$ f ea* ( ! tribes4 ,he also enact$ t ! nobles %\ld act z patrons & protectors to ! inf]ior citiz5s1 _! natural cli5ts & dep5dants1 9 _! respective di/ricts1 a measure ! utility ( :i* ,i %all aft]w>d notice4--,! judicial puni%m5ts 7 mo/ly f9es ( %eep & ox52 = ! prop]ty ( ! p at t "t consi/$ 9 _! fields & cattle1 & ?is circum/ance has giv5 rise to ! expressions :i* /ill designate real & p]sonal weal?4 ,?us ! p 7 kept 9 ord] r by mulctations ?an by bodily inflictions4 ,x4 ,aft] ,romulus _h ?us reign$ ?irty-sev5 ye>s1 & e/abli%$ ^! two great supports ( gov]nm5t1 ! hi]>*y & ! s5ate1 hav+ disappe>$ 9 a sudd5 eclipse ( ! sun1 he 0 ?\ght wor?y ( be+ add$ to ! numb] ( ! ,gods--an honor :i* no mortal man ev] 0 able to atta9 to b by a glori\s pre-em95ce ( virtue4 ,& ?is circum/ance 0 ! m to be admir$ 9 ! case ( ,romulus because mo/ ( ! great m5 t h be5 deifi$ 7 s exalt$ to cele/ial dignities by ! p1 9 p]iods v little enlight5$1 :5 fiction 0 easy & ignorance w5t h&-9-h& ) cr$ulity4 ,b ) respect to ,romulus we "k t he liv$ less ?an six c5turies ago1 at a "t :5 sci5ce & lit]ature 7 already advanc$1 & _h got rid ( _m ( ! anci5t errors t _h prevail$ among less civiliz$ peoples4 ,= if1 z we consid] prov$ by ! ,grecian annals1 ,rome 0 f\nd$ 9 ! sev5? ,olympiad1 ! life ( ,romulus 0 contempor>y ) t p]iod 9 :i* ,greece already ab\nd$ 9 poets & musicians--an age :5 fables1 except ^? conc]n+ anci5t matt]s1 receiv$ little cr$it4 ,=1 "o hundr$ & eight ye>s aft] ! promulgation ( ! laws ( ,lycurgus1 ! fir/ ,olympiad 0 e/abli%$1 :i* inde$1 ?r\gh a mi/ake ( names1 "s au?ors h suppos$ con/itut$1 by ,lycurgus likewise4 ,& ,hom] himself1 accord+ to ! be/ computation1 liv$ ab\t ?irty ye>s be=e ! "t ( ,lycurgus4 ,we mu/ conclude1 !re=e1 t ,hom] fl\ri%$ v _m ye>s be=e ! date ( ,romulus4 ,s t1 z m5 _h n[ become le>n$1 & z ! times !mselves 7 n de/itute ( k1 !re 0 n mu* room left = ! success ( m]e fictions4 ,antiquity inde$ has receiv$ fables t h at times be5 suffici5tly improbable3 b ?is epo*1 :i* 0 already s cultivat$1 disda9+ e fiction t 0 impossible1 reject$#cad 99 99 99 ,we may !re=e1 p]haps1 atta* "s cr$it to ?is /ory ( ,romulus's immortality1 s9ce human life 0 at t "t exp]i5c$1 cultivat$1 & in/ruct$4 ,& d\btless !re 0 9 him su* en]gy ( g5ius & virtue t x is n altoge!r impossible to believe ! report ( ,proculus ,julius1 ! husb&man1 ( t glorification hav+ befall5 ,romulus :i* = _m ages we h d5i$ to less illu/ri\s m54 ,at all ev5ts1 ,proculus is report$ to h /at$ 9 ! c\ncil1 at ! in/igation ( ! s5ators1 :o wi%$ to free !mselves f all suspicion ( hav+ be5 access>ies to ! dea? ( ,romulus1 t he _h se5 him on t hill :i* is n[ call$ ! ,quir9al1 & t he _h comm&$ him to in=m ! p t !y %\ld build him a temple on t same hill1 & (f] him sacrifices "u ! "n ( ,quir9us4 ,,xi4 ,y see1 !re=e1 t ! g5ius ( ?is great man did n m]ely e/abli% ! con/itution ( a new p1 & !n leave !m1 z x 71 cry+ 9 _! cradle2 b he /ill cont9u$ to sup]9t5d _! education till !y _h arriv$ at an adult & wellnigh a mature age4 ,!n ,llius said3 ,we n[ see1 my ,scipio1 :at y meant :5 y said t y w\ld adopt a new me?od ( discuss+ ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t1 diff]5t f any f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,greeks4 ,= t prime ma/] ( philosophy1 :om none ev] surpass$ 9 eloqu5ce1 ,i mean ,plato1 *ose an op5 pla9 on :i* to build an imag9>y city aft] 8 own ta/e--a city admirably conceiv$1 z none c d5y1 b remote en\gh f ! real life & mann]s ( m54 ,o!rs1 )\t propos+ to !mselves any model or type ( gov]nm5t :atev]1 h argu$ on ! con/itutions & =ms ( /ates4 ,y1 on ! contr>y1 appe> to be ab\t to unite ^! two me?ods2 =1 z f> z y h gone1 y seem to pref] attribut+ to o!rs y\r discov]ies1 r ?an />t new !ories "u y\r own "n & au?ority1 z ,socrates has done 9 ! writ+s ( ,plato4 ,?us1 9 speak+ ( ! site ( ,rome1 y ref] to a sy/ematic policy1 to ! acts ( ,romulus1 :i* 7 _m ( !m ! result ( necessity or *ance2 & y d n all[ y\r disc\rse to run riot ov] _m /ates1 b y fix & conc5trate x on our own ,commonweal?4 ,proce$1 !n1 9 ! c\rse y h adopt$2 = ,i see t y int5d to exam9e our o!r k+s1 9 y\r pursuit ( a p]fect republic1 z x 74 ,,xii4 ,!re=e1 said ,scipio1 :5 t s5ate ( ,romulus :i* 0 compos$ ( ! nobles1 :om ! k+ himself respect$ s highly t he designat$ !m patres1 or fa!rs1 & _! *ildr5 patricians1 attempt$ aft] ! dea? ( ,romulus to conduct ! gov]nm5t )\t a k+1 ! p w\ld n suff] x1 b1 amid/ _! regret = ,romulus1 desi/$ n f dem&+ a fre% mon>*4 ,! nobles !n prud5tly resolv$ to e/abli% an int]regnum--a new political =m1 unkn[n to o!r nations4 ,x 0 n )\t its use1 h[ev]1 s9ce1 dur+ ! int]val :i* elaps$ be=e ! def9itive nom9ation ( ! new k+1 ! ,/ate 0 n left )\t a rul]1 nor subject$ too long to ! same gov]nor1 nor expos$ to ! fe> le/ "s "o1 9 consequ5ce ( ! prolong$ enjoym5t ( p[]1 %\ld become m unwill+ to lay x aside1 or m p[]ful if he wi%$ to secure x p]man5tly = himself4 ,at :i* "t ?is new nation discov]$ a political provision :i* _h escap$ ! ,sp>tan ,lycurgus1 :o conceiv$ t ! mon>* ought n to be elective--if inde$ x is true t ?is dep5d$ on ,lycurgus--b t x 0 bett] = ! ,lac$monians to ackn[l$ge z _! sov]eign ! next heir ( ! race ( ,h]cules1 :oev] he might be3 b our ,romans1 rude z !y 71 saw ! importance ( appo9t+ a k+1 n = 8 family1 b = 8 virtue & exp]i5ce4 ,,xiii4 ,& fame hav+ recogniz$ ^! em95t qualities 9 ,numa ,pompilius1 ! ,roman p1 )\t p>tiality = _! own citiz5s1 committ$ itself1 by ! c\nsel ( ! s5ators1 to a k+ ( =eign orig91 & summon$ ?is ,sab9e f ! city ( ,cures to ,rome1 t he might reign ov] !m4 ,numa1 al?\gh ! p _h proclaim$ him k+ 9 _! ,comitia ,curiata1 did nev]!less himself pass a ,lex ,curiata respect+ 8 own au?ority2 & obs]v+ t ! in/itutions ( ,romulus _h too mu* excit$ ! milit>y prop5sities ( ! p1 he judg$ x exp$i5t to recall !m f ?is habit ( w>f>e by o!r employm5ts4 ,,xiv4 ,&1 9 ! fir/ place1 he divid$ sev]ally among ! citiz5s ! l&s :i* ,romulus _h conqu]$1 & taught !m t ev5 )\t ! aid ( pillage & deva/ation !y c\ld1 by ! cultivation ( _! own t]ritories1 procure !mselves all k9ds ( commodities4 ,& he inspir$ !m ) ! love ( peace & tranquillity1 9 :i* fai? & ju/ice are likelie/ to fl\ri%1 & ext5d$ ! mo/ p[]ful protection to ! p 9 ! cultivation ( _! fields & ! enjoym5t ( _! produce4 ,pompilius likewise hav+ creat$ hi]>*ical in/itutions ( ! highe/ class1 add$ two augurs to ! old numb]4 ,he intru/$ ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! sacr$ rites to five pontiffs1 select$ f ! body ( ! nobles2 & by ^? laws :i* we /ill pres]ve on our monum5ts he mitigat$1 by religi\s c]emonials1 ! m9ds t _h be5 too long inflam$ by milit>y en?usiasm & ent]prise4 ,he also e/abli%$ ! ,flam9es & ! ,salian prie/s & ! ,ve/al ,virg9s1 & regulat$ all dep>tm5ts ( our ecclesia/ical policy ) ! mo/ pi\s c>e4 ,9 ! ord9ance ( sacrifices1 he wi%$ t ! c]emonial %\ld be v ardu\s & ! exp5diture v light4 ,he ?us appo9t$ _m obs]vances1 ^: k is extremely important1 & ^: exp5se f> f burd5some4 ,?us 9 religi\s wor%ip he add$ devotion & remov$ co/l9ess4 ,he 0 also ! fir/ to introduce m>kets1 games1 & ! o!r usual me?ods ( assembl+ & unit+ m54 ,by ^! e/abli%m5ts1 he incl9$ to b5evol5ce & amiability spirits :om ! passion = w> _h r5d]$ savage & f]oci\s4 ,hav+ ?us reign$ 9 ! greate/ peace & concord ?irty-n9e ye>s--= 9 dates we ma9ly foll[ our ,polybius1 ?an :om no "o ev] gave m att5tion to ! inve/igation ( ! hi/ory ( ! times--he dep>t$ ?is life1 hav+ corroborat$ ! two gr& pr9ciples ( political /ability1 religion & clem5cy4 ,,xv4 ,:5 ,scipio _h conclud$ ^! rem>ks1 ,is x n1 said ,manilius1 a true tradition :i* is curr5t1 t our k+ ,numa 0 a disciple ( ,py?agoras himself1 or t at lea/ he 0 a ,py?agorean 9 8 doctr9es8 ,= ,i h (t5 he>d ?is f my eld]s1 & we "k t x is ! popul> op9ion2 b x does n seem to be cle>ly prov$ by ! te/imony ( our public annals4 ,!n ,scipio repli$3 ,! supposition is false1 my ,manilius2 x is n m]ely a fiction1 b a ridicul\s & bungl+ "o too2 & we %\ld n tol]ate ^? /atem5ts1 ev5 9 fiction1 relat+ to facts :i* n only did n happ51 b :i* nev] c\ld h happ5$4 ,= x 0 n till ! f\r? ye> ( ! reign ( ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus t ,py?agoras is asc]ta9$ to h come to ,syb>is1 ,crotona1 & ?is "p ( ,italy4 ,& ! sixty-second ,olympiad is ! common date ( ! elevation ( ,t>qu9 to ! ?rone1 & ( ! arrival ( ,py?agoras4 ,f :i* x appe>s1 :5 we calculate ! duration ( ! reigns ( ! k+s1 t ab\t "o hundr$ & =ty ye>s mu/ h elaps$ aft] ! dea? ( ,numa be=e ,py?agoras fir/ arriv$ 9 ,italy4 ,& ?is fact1 9 ! m9ds ( m5 :o h c>efully /udi$ ! annals ( "t1 has nev] be5 at all d\bt$4 ,o ye immortal ,gods6 said ,manilius1 h[ deep & h[ invet]ate is ?is error 9 ! m9ds ( m56 ,h[ev]1 x co/s me no ef=t to conc$e t our ,roman sci5ces 7 n import$ f beyond ! seas1 b t !y sprung f our own indig5\s & dome/ic virtues4 ,,xvi4 ,y w become /ill m conv9c$ ( ?is fact1 said ,africanus1 :5 trac+ ! progress ( our ,commonweal? z x became gradually develop$ to its be/ & mature/ condition4 ,& y w f9d yet fur!r occasion to admire ! wisdom ( our ance/ors on ?is v acc\nt1 s9ce y w p]ceive1 t ev5 ^? ?+s :i* !y borr[$ f =eign]s receiv$ a mu* high] improvem5t among u ?an !y possess$ 9 ! c\ntries f :5ce !y 7 import$ among u2 & y w le>n t ! ,roman p 0 aggr&iz$1 n by *ance or haz>d1 b r by c\nsel & discipl9e1 to :i* =tune inde$ 0 by no means unfavorable4 ,,xvii4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,k+ ,pompilius1 ! p1 aft] a %ort p]iod ( int]regnum1 *ose ,tullus ,ho/ilius = _! k+1 9 ! ,comitia ,curiata2 & ,tullus1 aft] ,numa's example1 consult$ ! p 9 _! curias to procure a sanction = 8 gov]nm5t4 ,8 excell5ce *iefly appe>$ 9 8 milit>y glory & great a*ievem5ts 9 w>4 ,he likewise1 out ( 8 milit>y spoils1 con/ruct$ & decorat$ ! ,h\se ( ,comitia & ! ,s5ate-h\se4 ,he also settl$ ! c]emonies ( ! proclamation ( ho/ilities1 & consecrat$ _! righte\s in/itution by ! religi\s sanction ( ! ,fetial prie/s1 s t e w> :i* 0 n duly ann\nc$ & decl>$ might be adjudg$ illegal1 unju/1 & impi\s4 ,& obs]ve h[ wisely our k+s at t "t p]ceiv$ t c]ta9 rights ought to be all[$ to ! p1 ( :i* we %all h a good deal to say h]eaft]4 ,tullus did n ev5 assume ! ensigns ( royalty )\t ! approbation ( ! p2 & :5 he appo9t$ twelve lictors1 ) _! axes to g be=e him#cae 99 99 99 ,,xviii4 99 99 99 ,manilius4 ,?is ,commonweal? ( ,rome1 :i* y are s eloqu5tly describ+1 did n creep t[>ds p]fection2 x r flew at once to ! maturity ( its gr&eur4 ,scipio4 ,aft] ,tullus1 ,ancus ,m>tius1 a desc5dant ( ,numa by 8 daught]1 0 appo9t$ k+ by ! p4 ,he also procur$ ! pass+ ( a law#caf ?r\gh ! ,comitia ,curiata respect+ 8 gov]nm5t4 ,?is k+ hav+ conqu]$ ! ,lat9s1 admitt$ !m to ! rights ( citiz5s ( ,rome4 ,he add$ to ! city ! ,av5t9e & ,clian hills2 he di/ribut$ ! l&s he _h tak5 9 w>2 he be/[$ on ! public all ! m>itime =e/s he _h acquir$2 & he built ! city ,o/ia1 at ! m\? ( ! ,tib]1 & coloniz$ x4 ,:5 he _h ?us reign$ tw5ty-?ree ye>s1 he di$4 ,!n said ,llius3 ,d\btless ?is k+ des]ves our praises1 b ! ,roman hi/ory is obscure4 ,we possess1 inde$1 ! "n ( ?is mon>*'s "m1 b we "k no?+ ( 8 fa!r4 ,x is s1 said ,scipio2 b 9 ^? ages little m ?an ! names ( ! k+s 7 record$4 ,,xix4 ,= ! fir/ "t at ?is p]iod1 ,rome appe>s to h become m le>n$ by ! /udy ( =eign lit]ature2 = x 0 no long] a little rivulet1 fl[+ f ,greece t[>ds ! walls ( our city1 b an ov]fl[+ riv] ( ,grecian sci5ces & arts4 ,?is is g5]ally attribut$ to ,dem>atus1 a ,cor9?ian1 ! fir/ man ( 8 c\ntry 9 reputation1 honor1 & weal?2 :o1 n be+ able to be> ! despotism ( ,cypselus1 tyrant ( ,cor9?1 fl$ ) l>ge treasures1 & arriv$ at ,t>qu9ii1 ! mo/ fl\ri%+ city 9 ,etruria4 ,!re1 und]/&+ t ! dom9ation ( ,cypselus 0 ?or\ghly e/abli%$1 he1 l a free & bold-he>t$ man1 r5\nc$ 8 c\ntry1 & 0 admitt$ into ! numb] ( ! citiz5s ( ,t>qu9ii1 & fix$ 8 resid5ce 9 t city4 ,& hav+ m>ri$ a woman ( ! city1 he in/ruct$ 8 two sons1 accord+ to ! me?od ( ,greek education1 9 all k9ds ( sci5ces & arts4#cag 99 99 99 ,,xx4 99 99 99 ,"o ( ^! sons 0 easily admitt$ to ! rights ( citiz5%ip at ,rome2 & on acc\nt ( 8 accompli%$ mann]s & le>n+1 he became a favorite ( our k+ ,ancus to su* a degree t he 0 a p>tn] 9 all 8 c\nsels1 & 0 look$ ^u almo/ z 8 associate 9 ! gov]nm5t4 ,he1 besides1 possess$ wond]ful affability1 & 0 v k9d 9 assi/ance1 support1 protection1 & ev5 gifts ( money1 to ! citiz5s4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,ancus di$1 ! p by _! unanim\s suffrages *ose = _! k+ ?is ,lucius ,t>qu9ius 7= he _h ?us trans=m$ ! ,greek "n ( 8 family1 t he might seem 9 all respects to imitate ! cu/oms ( 8 adopt$ c\ntrym574 ,& :5 he1 too1 _h procur$ ! pass+ ( a law respect+ 8 au?ority1 he comm5c$ 8 reign by d\bl+ ! orig9al numb] ( ! s5ators4 ,! anci5t s5ators he call$ patricians ( ! major families 7patres majorum g5tium71 & he ask$ _! votes fir/2 & ^? new s5ators :om he himself _h add$1 he entitl$ patricians ( m9or families4 ,aft] ?is1 he e/abli%$ ! ord] ( knights1 on ! plan :i* we ma9ta9 to ?is day4 ,he w\ld n1 h[ev]1 *ange ! d5om9ation ( ! ,tatian1 ,rhamn5sian1 & ,luc]ian ord]s1 ?\gh he wi%$ to d s1 because ,attus ,nvius1 an augur ( ! highe/ reputation1 w\ld n sanction x4 ,&1 inde$1 ,i am aw>e t ! ,cor9?ians 7 rem>kably att5tive to provide = ! ma9t5ance & good condition ( _! cavalry by taxes levi$ on ! inh]itance ( wid[s & orphans4 ,to ! fir/ eque/rian ord]s ,lucius also add$ new ones1 compos+ a body ( ?ree hundr$ knights4 ,& ?is numb] he d\bl$1 aft] hav+ conqu]$ ! quicoli1 a l>ge & f]oci\s p1 & dang]\s enemies ( ! ,roman ,/ate4 ,hav+ likewise repuls$ f our walls an invasion ( ! ,sab9es1 he r\t$ !m by ! aid ( 8 cavalry1 & subdu$ !m4 ,he also 0 ! fir/ p]son :o in/itut$ ! gr& games :i* are n[ call$ ! ,roman ,games4 ,he fulfill$ 8 v[ to build a temple to ! all-good & all-p[]ful ,jupit] 9 ! ,capitol--a v[ :i* he made dur+ a battle 9 ! ,sab9e w>--& di$ aft] a reign ( ?irty-eight ye>s4 ,,xxi4 ,!n ,llius said3 ,all t y h be5 relat+ corroborates ! say+ ( ,cato1 t ! con/itution ( ! ,roman ,commonweal? is n ! "w ( "o man1 or "o age2 = we c cle>ly see :at a great progress 9 excell5t & useful in/itutions 0 cont9u$ "u ea* successive k+4 ,b we are n[ arriv$ at ! reign ( a mon>* :o appe>s to me to h be5 ( all our k+s he :o _h ! greate/ =esight 9 matt]s ( political gov]nm5t4 ,s x appe>s to me1 said ,scipio2 = aft] ,t>qu9ius ,priscus comes ,s]vius ,sulpicius1 :o 0 ! fir/ :o is report$ to h reign$ )\t an ord] f ! p4 ,he is suppos$ to h be5 ! son ( a female slave at ,t>qu9ii1 by "o ( ! soldi]s or cli5ts ( ,k+ ,priscus2 & z he 0 educat$ among ! s]vants ( ?is pr9ce1 & wait+ on him at table1 ! k+ soon obs]v$ ! fire ( 8 g5ius1 :i* %one =? ev5 f 8 *ildhood1 s skilful 0 he 9 all 8 words & actions4 ,!re=e1 ,t>qu91 ^: own *ildr5 7 !n v "y1 s lov$ ,s]vius t he 0 v commonly believ$ to be 8 own son1 & he in/ruct$ him ) ! greate/ c>e 9 all ! sci5ces ) :i* he 0 acqua9t$1 accord+ to ! mo/ exact discipl9e ( ! ,greeks4 ,b :5 ,t>qu9 _h p]i%$ by ! plots ( ! sons ( ,ancus1 & ,s]vius 7z ,i h said7 _h begun to reign1 n by ! ord]1 b yet ) ! good-w & cons5t1 ( ! citiz5s--because1 z x 0 falsely report$ t ,priscus 0 recov]+ f 8 w\nds1 ,s]vius1 array$ 9 ! royal robes1 deliv]$ judgm5t1 fre$ ! debtors at 8 own exp5se1 &1 exhibit+ ! greate/ affability1 ann\nc$ t he deliv]$ judgm5t at ! comm& ( ,priscus--he did n commit himself to ! s5ate2 b1 aft] ,priscus 0 buri$1 he consult$ ! p respect+ 8 au?ority1 &1 be+ au?oriz$ by !m to assume ! dom9ion1 he procur$ a law to be pass$ ?r\gh ! ,comitia ,curiata1 confirm+ 8 gov]nm5t4 ,he !n1 9 ! fir/ place1 av5g$ ! injuries ( ! ,etruscans by arms4 ,aft] :i*#cah 99 99 99 ,,xxii4 99 99 99 he enroll$ eighte5 c5turies ( knights ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,aft]w>d1 hav+ creat$ a great numb] ( knights f ! common mass ( ! p1 he divid$ ! re/ ( ! p into five classes1 di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! s5iors & ! juniors4 ,^! he s con/itut$ z to place ! suffrages1 n 9 ! h&s ( ! multitude1 b 9 ! p[] ( ! m5 ( prop]ty4 ,& he took c>e to make x a rule ( ours1 z x ought to be 9 e gov]nm5t1 t ! greate/ numb] %\ld n h ! greate/ weight4 ,y are well acqua9t$ ) ?is in/itution1 o!rwise ,i w\ld expla9 x to y2 b y are famili> ) ! :ole sy/em1 & "k h[ ! c5turies ( knights1 ) six suffrages1 & ! fir/ class1 compris+ eighty c5turies1 besides "o o!r c5tury :i* 0 allott$ to ! artific]s1 on acc\nt ( _! utility to ! ,/ate1 produce eighty-n9e c5turies4 ,if to ^! !re are add$ twelve c5turies--= t is ! numb] ( ! c5turies ( ! knights :i* rema9#cai--! entire =ce ( ! ,/ate is summ$ up2 & ! arrangem5t is su* t ! rema9+ & f> m num]\s multitude1 :i* is di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! n9ety-six la/ c5turies1 is n depriv$ ( a "r ( suffrage1 :i* w\ld be an arrogant measure2 nor1 on ! o!r h&1 p]mitt$ to ex]t too great a prepond]ance 9 ! gov]nm5t1 :i* w\ld be dang]\s4 ,9 ?is arrangem5t1 ,s]vius 0 v cauti\s 9 8 *oice ( t]ms & d5om9ations4 ,he call$ ! ri* assidui1 because !y af=d$ pecuni>y succor#cbj to ! ,/ate4 ,z to ^? :oso =tune did n exce$ #aejj p5ce1 or ^? :o _h no?+ b _! labor1 he call$ !m prolet>ii classes1 z if ! ,/ate %\ld expect f !m a h>dy prog5y#cba & population4 ,ev5 a s+le "o ( ! n9ety-six la/ c5turies conta9$ num]ically m citiz5s ?an ! entire fir/ class4 ,?us1 no "o 0 exclud$ f 8 "r ( vot+1 yet ! prepond]ance ( votes 0 secur$ to ^? :o _h ! deepe/ /ake 9 ! welf>e ( ! ,/ate4 ,moreov]1 ) ref]5ce to ! acc5si1 velati1 trumpet]s1 hornbl[]s1 prolet>ii#cbb 99 99 99 ,,xxiii4 99 99 99 ,t t republic is arrang$ 9 ! be/ mann] :i*1 be+ compos$ 9 due proportions ( ^? ?ree elem5ts1 ! mon>*ical1 ! ari/ocratical1 & ! democratic1 does n by puni%m5t irritate a fi]ce & savage m9d4 99 99 99 ,a simil> in/itution prevail$ at ,c>?age1 :i* 0 sixty-five ye>s m anci5t ?an ,rome1 s9ce x 0 f\nd$ ?irty-n9e ye>s be=e ! fir/ ,olympiad2 & t mo/ anci5t law-giv] ,lycurgus made ne>ly ! same arrangem5ts4 ,?us ! sy/em ( regul> subord9ation1 & ?is mixture ( ! ?ree pr9cipal =ms ( gov]nm5t1 appe> to me common alike to u & !m4 ,b !re is a peculi> advantage 9 our ,commonweal?1 ?an :i* no?+ c be m excell5t1 :i* ,i %all endeavor to describe z accurately z possible1 because x is ( su* a "* t no?+ analog\s c be discov]$ 9 anci5t /ates2 = ^! political elem5ts :i* ,i h notic$ 7 s unit$ 9 ! con/itutions ( ,rome1 ( ,sp>ta1 & ( ,c>?age1 t !y 7 n c\nt]balanc$ by any modify+ p[]4 ,= 9 a /ate 9 :i* "o man is inve/$ ) a p]petual dom9ation1 especially ( ! mon>*ical "*1 al?\gh !re be a s5ate 9 x1 z !re 0 9 ,rome "u ! k+s1 & 9 ,sp>ta1 by ! laws ( ,lycurgus1 or ev5 :]e ! p ex]cise a sort ( jurisdiction1 z !y us$ 9 ! days ( our mon>*y1 ! title ( k+ mu/ /ill be pre-em95t2 nor c su* a /ate avoid be+1 & be+ call$1 a k+dom4 ,& ?is k9d ( gov]nm5t is especially subject to frequ5t revolutions1 because ! fault ( a s+le individual is suffici5t to precipitate x into ! mo/ p]nici\s disa/]s4 ,9 itself1 h[ev]1 royalty is n only n a repreh5sible =m ( gov]nm5t1 b ,i d n "k :e!r x is n f> pref]able to all o!r simple con/itutions1 if ,i approv$ ( any simple con/itution :atev]4 ,b ?is pref]5ce applies to royalty s long only z x ma9ta9s its appropriate "*2 & ?is "* provides t "o individual's p]petual p[]1 & ju/ice1 & univ]sal wisdom %\ld regulate ! safety1 equality1 & tranquillity ( ! :ole p4 ,b _m privileges mu/ be want+ to communities t live "u a k+2 &1 9 ! fir/ place1 lib]ty1 :i* does n consi/ 9 slav]y to a j ma/]1 b 9 slav]y to no ma/] at all#cbc 99 99 99 ,,xxiv4 99 99 99 ,let u n[ pass on to ! reign ( ! sev5? & la/ k+ ( ,rome1 ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus4 ,& ev5 ?is unju/ & cruel ma/] _h good =tune = 8 companion = "s "t 9 all 8 ent]prises4 ,= he subdu$ all ,latium2 he captur$ ,suessa ,pometia1 a p[]ful & weal?y city1 &1 becom+ possess$ ( an imm5se spoil ( gold & silv]1 he accompli%$ 8 fa!r's v[ by ! build+ ( ! ,capitol4 ,he e/abli%$ colonies1 &1 fai?ful to ! in/itutions ( ^? f :om he sprung1 he s5t magnific5t pres5ts1 z tok5s ( gratitude = 8 victories1 to ,apollo at ,delphi4 ,,xxv4 ,"h beg9s ! revolution ( our political sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 & ,i mu/ beg y\r att5tion to its natural c\rse & progression4 ,= ! gr& po9t ( political sci5ce1 ! object ( our disc\rses1 is to "k ! m>* & ! deviations ( gov]nm5ts1 t :5 we are acqua9t$ ) ! p>ticul> c\rses & incl9ations ( con/itutions1 we may be able to re/ra9 !m f _! fatal t5d5cies1 or to oppose adequate ob/acles to _! decl9e & fall4 ,= ?is ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus1 ( :om ,i am speak+1 be+ fir/ ( all /a9$ ) ! blood ( 8 admirable pr$ecessor on ! ?rone1 c\ld n be a man ( s\nd consci5ce & m9d2 & z he fe>$ himself ! sev]e/ puni%m5t = 8 enorm\s crime1 he s\ght 8 protection 9 mak+ himself fe>$4 ,!n1 9 ! glory ( 8 victories & 8 treasures1 he exult$ 9 insol5t pride1 & c\ld nei!r regulate 8 own mann]s nor ! passions ( ! memb]s ( 8 family4 ,:51 !re=e1 8 elde/ son _h (f]$ viol5ce to ,lucretia1 daught] ( ,tricipit9us & wife ( ,collat9us1 & ?is *a/e & noble lady _h /abb$ h]self to dea? on acc\nt ( ! injury %e c\ld n survive--!n a man em95t = 8 g5ius & virtue1 ,lucius ,brutus1 da%$ f 8 fell[-citiz5s ?is unju/ yoke ( odi\s s]vitude2 & ?\gh he 0 b a private man1 he su/a9$ ! gov]nm5t ( ! entire ,commonweal?1 & 0 ! fir/ t taught ! p 9 ?is ,/ate t no "o 0 a private man :5 ! pres]vation ( our lib]ties 0 conc]n$4 ,b5ea? 8 au?ority & comm& our city rose aga9/ tyranny1 &1 /irr$ by ! rec5t grief ( ! fa!r & relatives ( ,lucretia1 & ) ! recollections ( ,t>qu9's haught9ess1 & ! numb]less crimes ( himself & 8 sons1 !y pron\nc$ s5t5ce ( bani%m5t aga9/ him & 8 *ildr51 & ! :ole race ( ! ,t>qu9s4 ,,xxvi4 ,d y n obs]ve1 !n1 h[ ! k+ sometimes deg5]ates into ! despot1 & h[1 by ! fault ( "o individual1 a =m ( gov]nm5t orig9ally good is abus$ to ! wor/ ( purposes8 ,"h is a specim5 ( t despot ov] ! p :om ! ,greeks d5om9ate a tyrant4 ,=1 accord+ to !m1 a k+ is he :o1 l a fa!r1 consults ! int]e/s ( 8 p1 & :o pres]ves ^? :om he is set ov] 9 ! v be/ condition ( life4 ,?is inde$ is1 z ,i h said1 an excell5t =m ( gov]nm5t1 yet /ill liable1 &1 z x 71 incl9$1 to a p]nici\s abuse4 ,= z soon z a k+ assumes an unju/ & despotic p[]1 he in/antly becomes a tyrant1 ?an :i* no?+ bas] or f\l]1 ?an :i* no imag9able animal c be m dete/able to gods or m52 = ?\gh 9 =m a man1 he surpasses ! mo/ savage mon/]s 9 f]oci\s cruelty4 ,= :o c ju/ly call him a human be+1 :o admits n betwe5 himself & 8 fell[-c\ntrym51 betwe5 himself & ! :ole human race1 any communication ( ju/ice1 any association ( k9dness8 ,b we %all f9d "s fitt] occasion ( speak+ ( ! evils ( tyranny :5 ! subject itself prompts u to decl>e aga9/ !m :o1 ev5 9 a /ate already lib]at$1 h affect$ ^! despotic insol5cies4 ,,xxvii4 ,su* is ! fir/ orig9 & rise ( a tyrant4 ,= ?is 0 ! "n by :i* ! ,greeks *oose to designate an unju/ k+2 & by ! title k+ our ,romans univ]sally und]/& e man :o ex]cises ov] ! p a p]petual & undivid$ dom9ation4 ,?us ,spurius ,cassius1 & ,m>cus ,manlius1 & ,spurius ,mlius1 are said to h wi%$ to seize ^u ! k+ly p[]1 & lately ,tib]ius ,grac*us incurr$ ! same accusation4#cbd 99 99 99 ,,xxviii4 99 99 99 ,lycurgus1 9 ,sp>ta1 =m$1 "u ! "n ( ,eld]s1 a small c\ncil consi/+ ( tw5ty-eight memb]s only2 to ^! he allott$ ! supreme legislative au?ority1 :ile ! k+ held ! supreme executive au?ority4 ,our ,romans1 emulat+ 8 example1 & translat+ 8 t]ms1 entitl$ ^? :om he _h call$ ,eld]s1 ,s5ators1 :i*1 z we h said1 0 done by ,romulus 9 ref]5ce to ! elect patricians4 ,9 ?is con/itution1 h[ev]1 ! p[]1 ! influ5ce1 & "n ( ! k+ is /ill pre-em95t4 ,y may di/ribute1 inde$1 "s %[ ( p[] to ! p1 z ,lycurgus & ,romulus did1 b y inflame !m1 ) ! ?ir/ ( lib]ty by all[+ !m ev5 ! slighte/ ta/e ( its sweetness2 & /ill _! he>ts w be ov]ca/ ) al>m le/ _! k+1 z (t5 happ5s1 %\ld become unju/4 ,! prosp]ity ( ! p1 !re=e1 c be little bett] ?an fragile1 :5 plac$ at ! disposal ( any "o individual1 & subject$ to 8 w & caprices4 ,,xxix4 ,?us ! fir/ example1 prototype1 & orig9al ( tyranny has be5 discov]$ by u 9 ! hi/ory ( our own ,roman ,/ate1 religi\sly f\nd$ by ,romulus1 )\t apply+ to ! !oretical ,commonweal? :i*1 accord+ to ,plato's recital1 ,socrates 0 accu/om$ to describe 9 8 p]ipatetic dialogues4 ,we h obs]v$ ,t>qu91 n by ! usurpation ( any new p[]1 b by ! unju/ abuse ( ! p[] :i* he already possess$1 ov]turn ! :ole sy/em ( our mon>*ical con/itution4 ,let u oppose to ?is example ( ! tyrant ano!r1 a virtu\s k+--wise1 exp]i5c$1 & well in=m$ respect+ ! true int]e/ & dignity ( ! citiz5s--a gu>dian1 z x 71 & sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,commonweal?2 = t is a prop] "n = e rul] & gov]nor ( a /ate4 ,& take y c>e to recognize su* a man :5 y meet him1 = he is ! man :o1 by c\nsel & ex]tion1 c be/ protect ! nation4 ,& z ! "n ( ?is man has n yet be5 (t5 m5tion$ 9 our disc\rse1 & z ! "* ( su* a man mu/ be (t5 allud$ to 9 our future conv]sations1 ,i %all take an e>ly opportunity ( describ+ x4#cbe 99 99 99 ,,xxx4 99 99 99 ,plato has *os5 to suppose a t]ritory & e/abli%m5ts ( citiz5s1 ^: =tunes 7 precisely equal4 ,& he has giv5 u a description ( a city1 r to be desir$ ?an expect$2 & he has made out n su* a "o z c really exi/1 b "o 9 :i* ! pr9ciples ( political affairs may be disc]n$4 ,b = me1 if ,i c 9 any way accompli% x1 :ile ,i adopt ! same g5]al pr9ciples z ,plato1 ,i am seek+ to r$uce !m to exp]i5ce & practice1 n 9 ! %ad[ & picture ( a /ate1 b 9 a real & actual ,commonweal?1 ( unrivall$ amplitude & p[]2 9 ord] to be able to po9t out1 ) ! mo/ graphic precision1 ! causes ( e political good & social evil4 ,= aft] ,rome _h fl\ri%$ m ?an two hundr$ & =ty ye>s "u h] k+s & int]reges1 & aft] ,t>qu9 0 s5t into bani%m5t1 ! ,roman p conceiv$ z mu* dete/ation ( ! "n ( k+ z !y _h once exp]i5c$ regret at ! dea?1 or r disappe>ance1 ( ,romulus4 ,!re=e1 z 9 ! fir/ in/ance !y c\ld h>dly be> ! idea ( los+ a k+1 s 9 ! latt]1 aft] ! expulsion ( ,t>qu91 !y c\ld n endure to he> ! "n ( a k+4#cbf 99 99 99 ,,xxxi4 99 99 99 ,!re=e1 :5 t admirable con/itution ( ,romulus _h la/$ /eadily ab\t two hundr$ & =ty ye>s4 99 99 99 ,! :ole ( t law 0 aboli%$4 ,9 ?is humor1 our ance/ors bani%$ ,collat9us1 9 spite ( 8 innoc5ce1 because ( ! suspicion t atta*$ to 8 family1 & all ! re/ ( ! ,t>qu9s1 on acc\nt ( ! unpopul>ity ( _! "n4 ,9 ! same humor1 ,val]ius ,publicola 0 ! fir/ to l[] ! fasces be=e ! p1 :5 he spoke 9 ! assembly ( ! p4 ,he also _h ! mat]ials ( 8 h\se convey$ to ! foot ( ,m\nt ,velia1 hav+ obs]v$ t ! comm5cem5t ( 8 edifice on ! summit ( ?is hill1 :]e ,k+ ,tullius _h once dwelt1 excit$ ! suspicions ( ! p4 ,x 0 ! same man1 :o 9 ?is respect pre-em95tly des]v$ ! "n ( ,publicola1 :o c>ri$ 9 favor ( ! p ! fir/ law receiv$ 9 ! ,comitia ,c5turiata1 t no magi/rate %\ld s5t5ce to dea? or sc\rg+ a ,roman citiz5 :o appeal$ f 8 au?ority to ! p4 ,& ! pontifical books atte/ t ! "r ( appeal _h exi/$1 ev5 aga9/ ! decision ( ! k+s4 ,our augural books affirm ! same ?+4 ,& ! ,twelve ,tables prove1 by a multitude ( laws1 t !re 0 a "r ( appeal f e judgm5t & p5alty4 ,besides1 ! hi/orical fact t ! decemviri :o compil$ ! laws 7 creat$ ) ! privilege ( judg+ )\t appeal1 suffici5tly proves t ! o!r magi/rates _h n ! same p[]4 ,& a consul> law1 pass$ by ,lucius ,val]ius ,politus & ,m>cus ,horatius ,b>batus1 m5 ju/ly popul> = promot+ union & concord1 enact$ t no magi/rate %\ld !nce=? be appo9t$ ) au?ority to judge )\t appeal2 & ! ,portian laws1 ! "w ( ?ree citiz5s ( ! "n ( ,portius1 z y are aw>e1 add$ no?+ new to ?is edict b a p5al sanction4 ,!re=e ,publicola1 hav+ promulgat$ ?is law 9 favor ( appeal to ! p1 imm$iately ord]$ ! axes to be remov$ f ! fasces1 :i* ! lictors c>ri$ be=e ! consuls1 & ! next day appo9t$ ,spurius ,lucretius = 8 colleague4 ,& z ! new consul 0 ! olde/ ( ! two1 ,publicola ord]$ 8 lictors to pass ov] to him2 & he 0 ! fir/ to e/abli% ! rule1 t ea* ( ! consuls %\ld be prec$$ by ! lictors 9 alt]nate mon?s1 t !re %\ld be no great] appe>ance ( imp]ial insignia among ! free p ?an !y _h witness$ 9 ! days ( _! k+s4 ,?us1 9 my op9ion1 he prov$ himself no ord9>y man1 z1 by s grant+ ! p a mod]ate degree ( lib]ty1 he m easily ma9ta9$ ! au?ority ( ! nobles4 ,nor is x )\t reason t ,i h relat$ to y ^! anci5t & almo/ obsolete ev5ts2 b ,i wi%$ to adduce my in/ances ( m5 & circum/ances f illu/ri\s p]sons & times1 z x is to su* ev5ts t ! re/ ( my disc\rse w be direct$4 ,,xxxii4 ,at t p]iod1 !n1 ! s5ate pres]v$ ! ,commonweal? 9 su* a condition t ?\gh ! p 7 really free1 yet few acts 7 pass$ by ! p1 b almo/ all1 on ! contr>y1 by ! au?ority1 cu/oms1 & traditions ( ! s5ate4 ,& ov] all ! consuls ex]cis$ a p[]--9 "t1 inde$1 only annual1 b 9 nature & pr]ogative completely royal4 ,! consuls ma9ta9$1 ) ! greate/ en]gy1 t rule :i* s mu* conduces to ! p[] ( our nobles & great m51 t ! acts ( ! commons ( ! p %all n be b9d+1 unless ! au?ority ( ! patricians has approv$ !m4 ,ab\t ! same p]iod1 & sc>cely t5 ye>s aft] ! fir/ consuls1 we f9d ! appo9tm5t ( ! dictator 9 ! p]son ( ,titus ,l>tius4 ,& ?is new k9d ( p[]--namely1 ! dictator%ip--appe>s exce$+ly simil> to ! mon>*ical royalty4 ,all 8 p[]1 h[ev]1 0 ve/$ 9 ! supreme au?ority ( ! s5ate1 to :i* ! p def]r$2 & 9 ^! times great exploits 7 p]=m$ 9 w> by brave m5 inve/$ ) ! supreme comm&1 :e!r dictators or consuls4 ,,xxxiii4 ,b z ! nature ( ?+s necess>ily br\ght x to pass t ! p1 once fre$ f its k+s1 %\ld arrogate to itself m & m au?ority1 we obs]ve t aft] a %ort int]val ( only sixte5 ye>s1 9 ! consul%ip ( ,po/umus ,com9ius & ,spurius ,cassius1 !y atta9$ _! object2 an ev5t explicable1 p]haps1 on no di/9ct pr9ciple1 b1 nev]!less1 9 a mann] indep5d5t ( any di/9ct pr9ciple4 ,= recollect :at ,i said 9 comm5c+ our disc\rse1 t if !re exi/s n 9 ! ,/ate a j di/ribution & subord9ation ( rights1 (fices1 & pr]ogatives1 s z to give suffici5t dom9ation to ! *iefs1 suffici5t au?ority to ! c\nsel ( ! s5ators1 & suffici5t lib]ty to ! p1 ?is =m ( ! gov]nm5t _c be durable4 ,= :5 ! excessive debts ( ! citiz5s _h ?r[n ! ,/ate into disord]1 ! p fir/ retir$ to ,m\nt ,sac]1 & next occupi$ ,m\nt ,av5t9e4 ,& ev5 ! rigid discipl9e ( ,lycurgus c\ld n ma9ta9 ^? re/ra9ts 9 ! case ( ! ,greeks4 ,= 9 ,sp>ta itself1 "u ! reign ( ,!opompus1 ! five magi/rates :om !y t]m ,ephori1 & 9 ,crete t5 :om !y entitle ,cosmi1 7 e/abli%$ 9 opposition to ! royal p[]1 j z tribunes 7 add$ among u to c\nt]balance ! consul> au?ority4 ,,xxxiv4 ,!re might h be5 a me?od1 inde$1 by :i* our ance/ors c\ld h be5 reliev$ f ! pressure ( debt1 a me?od ) :i* ,solon ! ,a!nian1 :o liv$ at no v di/ant p]iod be=e1 0 acqua9t$1 & :i* our s5ate did n neglect :51 9 ! indignation :i* ! odi\s av>ice ( "o individual excit$1 all ! bonds ( ! citiz5s 7 cancell$1 & ! "r ( arre/ = a :ile susp5d$4 ,9 ! same way1 :5 ! plebeians 7 oppress$ by ! weight ( ! exp5ses occasion$ by public mis=tunes1 a cure & rem$y 7 s\ght = ! sake ( public security4 ,! s5ate1 h[ev]1 hav+ =gott5 _! =m] decision1 gave an advantage to ! democracy2 =1 by ! creation ( two tribunes to appease ! s$ition ( ! p1 ! p[] & au?ority ( ! s5ate 7 dim9i%$2 :i*1 h[ev]1 /ill rema9$ dignifi$ & augu/1 inasmu* z x 0 /ill compos$ ( ! wise/ & brave/ m51 :o protect$ _! c\ntry bo? ) _! arms & ) _! c\nsels2 ^: au?ority 0 exce$+ly /rong & fl\ri%+1 because 9 honor !y 7 z mu* be=e _! fell[-citiz5s z !y 7 inf]ior 9 luxuri\sness1 &1 z a g5]al rule1 n sup]ior to !m 9 weal?4 ,& _! public virtues 7 ! m agreeable to ! p1 because ev5 9 private matt]s !y 7 ready to s]ve e citiz51 by _! ex]tions1 _! c\nsels1 & _! lib]ality4 ,,xxxv4 ,su* 0 ! situation ( ! ,commonweal? :5 ! qu/or impea*$ ,spurius ,cassius ( be+ s mu* embold5$ by ! excessive favor ( ! p z to endeavor to make himself ma/] ( mon>*ical p[]4 ,&1 z y h he>d1 8 own fa!r1 hav+ said t he _h f\nd t 8 son 0 really guilty ( ?is crime1 condemn$ him to dea? at ! in/ance ( ! p4 ,ab\t fifty-f\r ye>s aft] ! fir/ consulate1 ,spurius ,t>peius & ,aulus ,at]nius v mu* gratifi$ ! p by propos+1 9 ! ,comitia ,c5turiata1 ! sub/itution ( f9es in/ead ( corporal puni%m5ts4 ,tw5ty ye>s aft]w>d1 ,lucius ,papirius & ,publius ,p9>ius1 ! c5sors1 hav+ by a /rict levy ( f9es confiscat$ to ! ,/ate ! entire flocks & h]ds ( _m private individuals1 a light tax on ! cattle 0 sub/itut$ = ! law ( f9es 9 ! consul%ip ( ,caius ,julius & ,publius ,papirius4 ,,xxxvi4 ,b1 "s ye>s previ\s to ?is1 at a p]iod :5 ! s5ate possess$ ! supreme influ5ce1 & ! p 7 submissive & ob$i5t1 a new sy/em 0 adopt$4 ,at t "t bo? ! consuls & tribunes ( ! p abdicat$ _! magi/racies1 & ! decemviri 7 appo9t$1 :o 7 inve/$ ) great au?ority1 f :i* !re 0 no appeal :atev]1 s z to ex]cise ! *ief dom9ation1 & to compile ! laws4 ,aft] hav+ compos$1 ) mu* wisdom & equity1 ! ,t5 ,tables ( laws1 !y nom9at$ z _! successors 9 ! ensu+ ye> o!r decemviri1 ^: good fai? & ju/ice d n des]ve equal praise4 ,"o memb] ( ?is college1 h[ev]1 m]its our highe/ comm5dation4 ,i allude to ,caius ,julius1 :o decl>$ respect+ ! nobleman ,lucius ,se/ius1 9 ^: *amb] a dead body _h be5 exhum$ "u 8 own eyes1 t ?\gh z decemvir he held ! highe/ p[] )\t appeal1 he /ill requir$ bail1 because he 0 unwill+ to neglect t admirable law :i* p]mitt$ no c\rt b ! ,comitia ,c5turiata to pron\nce f9al s5t5ce on ! life ( a ,roman citiz54 ,,xxxvii4 ,a ?ird ye> foll[$ "u ! au?ority ( ! same decemvirs1 & /ill !y 7 n dispos$ to appo9t _! successors4 ,9 a situation ( ! ,commonweal? l ?is1 :i*1 z ,i h (t5 repeat$1 c\ld n be durable1 because x _h n an equal op]ation ) respect to all ! ranks ( ! citiz5s1 ! :ole public p[] 0 lodg$ 9 ! h&s ( ! *iefs & decemvirs ( ! highe/ nobility1 )\t ! c\nt]balanc+ au?ority ( ! tribunes ( ! p1 )\t ! sanction ( any o!r magi/racies1 & )\t appeal to ! p 9 ! case ( a s5t5ce ( dea? or sc\rg+4 ,?us1 out ( ! inju/ice ( ^! m51 !re 0 sudd5ly produc$ a great revolution1 :i* *ang$ ! entire condition ( ! gov]nm5t1 or !y add$ two tables ( v tyrannical laws1 & ?\gh matrimonial alliances _h always be5 p]mitt$1 ev5 ) =eign]s1 !y =bade1 by ! mo/ abom9able & inhuman edict1 t any m>riages %\ld take place betwe5 ! nobles & ! commons--an ord] :i* 0 aft]w>d abrogat$ by ! decree ( ,canuleius4 ,besides1 !y introduc$ into all _! political measures corruption1 cruelty1 & av>ice4 ,& inde$ ! /ory is well kn[n1 & celebrat$ 9 _m lit]>y compositions1 t a c]ta9 ,decimus ,virg9ius 0 oblig$1 on acc\nt ( ! libid9\s viol5ce ( "o ( ^! decemvirs1 to /ab 8 virg9 daught] 9 ! mid/ ( ! =um4 ,!n1 :5 he 9 8 desp]ation _h fl$ to ! ,roman army :i* 0 encamp$ on ,m\nt ,algidum1 ! soldi]s ab&on$ ! w> 9 :i* !y 7 engag$1 & took possession ( ! ,sacr$ ,m\nt1 z !y _h done be=e on a simil> occasion1 & next inve/$ ,m\nt ,av5t9e 9 _! arms4#cbg ,our ance/ors knew h[ to prove mo/ ?or\ghly1 & to reta9 mo/ wisely4 99 99 99 ,,xxxviii4 ,& :5 ,scipio _h spok5 9 ?is mann]1 & all 8 fri5ds 7 await+ 9 sil5ce ! re/ ( 8 disc\rse1 !n said ,tub]o3 ,s9ce ^! m5 :o are old] ?an ,i1 my ,scipio1 make no fre% dem&s on y1 ,i %all take ! lib]ty to tell y :at ,i p>ticul>ly wi% y w\ld expla9 9 y\r subsequ5t rem>ks4 ,d s1 said ,scipio1 & ,i %all be glad to he>4 ,!n ,tub]o said3 ,y appe> to me to h spok5 a panegyric on our ,commonweal? ( ,rome exclusively1 ?\gh ,llius reque/$ y\r views n only ( ! gov]nm5t ( our own ,/ate1 b ( ! policy ( /ates 9 g5]al4 ,i h n1 !re=e1 yet suffici5tly le>n$ f y\r disc\rse1 ) respect to t mix$ =m ( gov]nm5t y mo/ approve1 by :at discipl9e1 moral & legal1 we may be be/ able to e/abli% & ma9ta9 x4 ,,xxxix4 ,africanus repli$3 ,i ?9k t we %all soon f9d an occasion bett] adapt$ to ! discussion y h propos$1 respect+ ! con/itution & cons]vatism ( /ates4 ,z to ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t1 ,i ?9k on ?is po9t ,i h suffici5tly answ]$ ! "q ( ,llius4 ,= 9 answ]+ him1 ,i1 9 ! fir/ place1 specifically notic$ ! ?ree simple =ms ( gov]nm5t--mon>*y1 ari/ocracy1 & democracy2 & ! ?ree vici\s con/itutions contr>y to !m1 into :i* !y (t5 deg5]ate2 & ,i said t none ( ^! =ms1 tak5 sep>ately1 0 absolutely good2 b ,i describ$ z pref]able to ei!r ( !m t mix$ gov]nm5t :i* is compos$ ( a prop] amalgamation ( ^! simple +r$i5ts4 ,if ,i h s9ce depict$ our own ,roman con/itution z an example1 x 0 n 9 ord] to def9e ! v be/ =m ( gov]nm5t1 = t may be und]/ood )\t an example2 b ,i wi%$1 9 ! exhibition ( a mighty commonweal? actually 9 exi/5ce1 to r5d] di/9ct & visible :at reason & disc\rse w\ld va9ly attempt to display )\t ! assi/ance ( exp]im5tal illu/ration4 ,yet1 if y /ill require me to describe ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t1 indep5d5t ( all p>ticul> examples1 we mu/ consult t exactly proportion$ & graduat$ image ( gov]nm5t :i* nature h]self pres5ts to h] inve/igators4 ,s9ce y 99 99 99 ?is model ( a city & p#cbh 99 99 99 ,,xl4 99 99 99 :i* ,i also am se>*+ =1 & :i* ,i am anxi\s to arrive at4 ,llius4 ,y mean ! model t w\ld be approv$ by ! truly accompli%$ politician8 ,scipio4 ,! same4 ,llius4 ,y h pl5ty ( fair patt]ns ev5 n[ be=e y1 if y w\ld b beg9 ) y\rself4 ,!n ,scipio said3 ,i wi% ,i c\ld f9d ev5 "o su*1 ev5 9 ! entire s5ate4 ,= he is really a wise politician :o1 z we h (t5 se5 9 ,africa1 :ile seat$ on a huge & unsightly elephant1 c guide & rule ! mon/]1 & turn him :i*ev] way he likes by a slight admonition1 )\t any actual ex]tion4 ,llius4 ,i recollect1 & :5 ,i 0 y\r lieut5ant ,i (t5 saw1 "o ( ^! driv]s4 ,scipio4 ,?us an ,indian or ,c>?ag9ian regulates "o ( ^! huge animals1 & r5d]s him docile & famili> ) human mann]s4 ,b ! g5ius :i* resides 9 ! m9d ( man1 by :atev] "n x may be call$1 is requir$ to re9 & tame a mon/] f> m multi=m & intractable1 :5ev] x c accompli% x1 :i* inde$ is seldom4 ,x is necess>y to hold 9 ) a /rong h& t f]oci\s#cbi 99 99 99 ,,xli4 99 99 99 bea/1 d5om9at$ ! mob1 :i* ?ir/s aft] blood to su* a degree t x c sc>cely be sat$ ) ! mo/ hide\s massacres ( m54 99 99 99 ,b to a man :o is gre$y1 & grasp+1 & lu/ful1 & fond ( wall[+ 9 voluptu\sness4 ,! f\r? k9d ( anxiety is t :i* is prone to m\rn+ & melan*oly1 & :i* is con/antly worry+ itself4 ,! next p>agraph1 ,esse autem angores1 etc41 is :olly un9telligible )\t ! context4 ,z an unskilful *>iote] is dragg$ f 8 *>iot1 cov]$ ) dirt1 bruis$1 & lac]at$4 ,! excitem5ts ( m5's m9ds are l a *>iot1 ) horses h>ness$ to x2 9 ! prop] managem5t ( :i*1 ! *ief duty ( ! driv] consi/s 9 kn[+ 8 road3 & if he keeps ! road1 !n1 h[ev] rapidly he proce$s1 he w enc\nt] no ob/acles2 b if he quits ! prop] track1 !n1 al?\gh he may be go+ g5tly & sl[ly1 he w ei!r be p]plex$ on rugg$ gr\nd1 or fall ov] "s /eep place1 or at lea/ he w be c>ri$ :]e he has no ne$ to g4#ccj ,,xlii4 99 99 99 c be said4 ,!n ,llius said3 ,i n[ see ! sort ( politician y require1 on :om y w\ld impose ! (fice & task ( gov]nm5t1 :i* is :at ,i wi%$ to und]/&4 ,he mu/ be an almo/ unique specim51 said ,africanus1 = ! task :i* ,i set him comprises all o!rs4 ,he mu/ nev] cease f cultivat+ & /udy+ himself1 t he may excite o!rs to imitate him1 & become1 ?r\gh ! spl5dor ( 8 tal5ts & ent]prises1 a liv+ mirror to 8 c\ntrym54 ,= z 9 flutes & h>ps1 & 9 all vocal p]=mances1 a c]ta9 unison & h>mony mu/ be pres]v$ amid/ ! di/9ctive tones1 :i* _c be brok5 or violat$ )\t (f5d+ exp]i5c$ e>s2 & z ?is concord & delici\s h>mony is produc$ by ! exact gradation & modulation ( dissimil> notes2 ev5 s1 by means ( ! j apportionm5t ( ! highe/1 middle1 & l[] classes1 ! ,/ate is ma9ta9$ 9 concord & peace by ! h>monic subord9ation ( its discordant elem5ts3 & ?us1 t :i* is by musicians call$ h>mony 9 song answ]s & corresponds to :at we call concord 9 ! ,/ate--concord1 ! /ronge/ & lovelie/ bond ( security 9 e commonweal?1 be+ always accompani$ by ju/ice & equity4 ,,xliii4 ,& aft] ?is1 :5 ,scipio _h discuss$ ) consid]able bread? ( pr9ciple & felicity ( illu/ration ! great advantage t ju/ice is to a /ate1 & ! great injury :i* w\ld arise if x 7 want+1 ,pilus1 "o ( ^? :o 7 pres5t at ! discussion1 took up ! matt] & dem&$ t ?is "q %\ld be argu$ m c>efully1 & t some?+ m %\ld be said ab\t ju/ice1 on acc\nt ( a s5tim5t t 0 n[ obta9+ among p 9 g5]al1 t political affairs c\ld n be :olly c>ri$ on )\t "s disreg>d ( ju/ice4 ,,xliv4 99 99 99 to be full ( ju/ice4 ,!n ,scipio repli$3 ,i c]ta9ly ?9k s4 ,& ,i decl>e to y t ,i consid] t all ,i h spok5 respect+ ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,/ate is wor? no?+1 & t x w be useless to proce$ fur!r1 unless ,i c prove t x is a false ass]tion t political bus9ess _c be conduct$ )\t inju/ice & corruption2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 e/abli% z a mo/ indisputable fact t )\t ! /ricte/ ju/ice no gov]nm5t :atev] c la/ long4 ,b1 ) y\r p]mission1 we h _h discussion en\gh = ! day4 ,! re/--& mu* rema9s = our consid]ation--we w def] till to-morr[4 ,:5 !y _h all agre$ to ?is1 ! debate ( ! day 0 clos$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,?ird ,,book1 ,,by ,,! ,,orig9al ,,translator4 ,cic]o "h ent]s on ! gr& "q ( ,political ,ju/ice1 & endeavors to ev9ce ?r\gh\t ! absolute v]ity ( t ine/imable prov]b1 ,hone/y is ! be/ policy1 9 all public z well z 9 all private affairs4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 8 ,city ( ,god1 has giv5 ! foll[+ analysis ( ?is magnific5t disquisition3 ,9 ! ?ird book ( ,cic]o's ,commonweal? 7says he7 ! "q ( ,political ,ju/ice is mo/ e>ne/ly discuss$4 ,philus is appo9t$ to support1 z well z he c1 ! sophi/ical argum5ts ( ^? :o ?9k t political gov]nm5t _c be c>ri$ on )\t ! aid ( inju/ice & *ican]y4 ,he d5ies hold+ any su* op9ion himself2 yet1 9 ord] to exhibit ! tru? m vividly ?r\gh ! =ce ( contra/1 he pleads ) ! utmo/ +5uity ! cause ( inju/ice aga9/ ju/ice2 & endeavors to %[1 by plausible examples & speci\s dialectics1 t inju/ice is z useful to a /atesman z ju/ice w\ld be injuri\s4 ,!n ,llius1 at ! g5]al reque/1 takes up ! plea = ju/ice1 & ma9ta9s ) all 8 eloqu5ce t no?+ c\ld be s ru9\s to /ates z inju/ice & di%one/y1 & t )\t a supreme ju/ice1 no political gov]nm5t c\ld expect a long duration4 ,?is po9t be+ suffici5tly prov$1 ,scipio returns to ! pr9cipal discussion4 ,he reproduces & en=ces ! %ort def9ition t he _h giv5 ( a commonweal?--t x consi/$ 9 ! welf>e ( ! entire p1 by :i* ^w 'p' he does n mean ! mob1 b ! community1 b\nd toge!r by ! s5se ( common rights & mutual b5efits4 ,he notices h[ important su* j def9itions are 9 all debates :atev]1 & draws ?is conclusion f ! prec$+ argum5ts--t ! ,commonweal? is ! common welf>e :5ev] x is sway$ ) ju/ice & wisdom1 :e!r x be subord9at$ to a k+1 an ari/ocracy1 or a democracy4 ,b if ! k+ be unju/1 & s becomes a tyrant2 & ! ari/ocracy unju/1 :i* makes !m a faction2 or ! democrats unju/1 & s deg5]ate into revolutioni/s & de/ructives--!n n only ! ,commonweal? is corrupt$1 b 9 fact annihilat$4 ,= x c be no long] ! common welf>e :5 a tyrant or a faction abuse x2 & ! p itself is no long] ! p :5 x becomes unju/1 s9ce x is no long] a community associat$ by a s5se ( "r & utility1 accord+ to ! def9ition4--,aug4 ,civ4 ,dei4 #c-ba4 ,?is book is ( ! utmo/ importance to /atesm51 z x s]ves to neutralize ! sophi/ries ( ,ma*iavelli1 :i* are /ill repeat$ 9 _m cab9ets4 ,,book ,,iii4 ,i4 99 99 99#cca ,cic]o1 9 ! ?ird book ( 8 treatise ,on a ,commonweal?1 says t nature has treat$ man less l a "m ?an a /ep-dame1 = %e has ca/ him into mortal life ) a body nak$1 fragile1 & infirm1 & ) a m9d agitat$ by tr\bles1 depress$ by fe>s1 brok5 by labors1 & expos$ to passions4 ,9 ?is m9d1 h[ev]1 !re lies hidd51 &1 z x 71 buri$1 a c]ta9 div9e sp>k ( g5ius & intellect4 ,?\gh man is born a frail & p[]less be+1 nev]!less he is safe f all animals de/itute ( voice2 & at ! same "t ^? o!r animals ( great] /r5g?1 al?\gh !y bravely endure ! viol5ce ( wea!r1 _c be safe f man4 ,& ! result is1 t reason does m = man ?an nature does = brutes2 s9ce1 9 ! latt]1 nei!r ! greatness ( _! /r5g? nor ! firmness ( _! bodies c save !m f be+ oppress$ by u1 & made subject to our p[]4 99 99 99 ,plato return$ ?anks to nature t he _h be5 born a man4 ,,ii4 99 99 99 aid+ our sl[ness by c>riages1 & :5 x _h taught m5 to utt] ! elem5t>y & confus$ s\nds ( unpoli%$ expression1 articulat$ & di/+ui%$ !m into _! prop] classes1 &1 z _! appropriate signs1 atta*$ c]ta9 words to c]ta9 ?+s1 & ?us associat$1 by ! mo/ delightful bond ( spee*1 ! once divid$ races ( m54 ,& by a simil> intellig5ce1 ! inflections ( ! voice1 :i* appe>$ inf9ite1 are1 by ! discov]y ( a few alphabetic *>act]s1 all designat$ & express$2 by :i* we ma9ta9 conv]se ) our abs5t fri5ds1 by :i* also indications ( our wi%es & monum5ts ( pa/ ev5ts are pres]v$4 ,!n came ! use ( numb]s--a ?+ necess>y to human life1 & at ! same "t immutable & et]nal2 a sci5ce :i* fir/ urg$ u to raise our views to heav51 & n gaze )\t an object on ! motions ( ! />s1 & ! di/ribution ( days & nights4 ,,iii4 99 99 99#ccb ,!n appe>$ ! sages ( philosophy1 ^: m9ds took a high] flight1 & :o 7 able to conceive & to execute designs wor?y ( ! gifts ( ! ,gods4 ,:]e=e let ^? m5 :o h left u sublime essays on ! pr9ciples ( liv+ be reg>d$ z great m5--:i* inde$ !y are--z le>n$ m51 z ma/]s ( tru? & virtue2 provid$ t ^! pr9ciples ( civil gov]nm5t1 ?is sy/em ( gov]n+ p1 :e!r x be a ?+ discov]$ by m5 :o h liv$ amid/ a v>iety ( political ev5ts1 or "o discuss$ amid/ _! opportunities ( lit]>y tranquillity1 is rememb]$ to be1 z inde$ x is1 a ?+ by no means to be despis$1 be+ "o :i* causes 9 fir/-rate m9ds1 z we n unfrequ5tly see1 an incr$ible & almo/ div9e virtue4 ,& :5 to ^! high faculties ( s\l1 receiv$ f nature & exp&$ by social in/itutions1 a politician adds le>n+ & ext5sive in=mation conc]n+ ?+s 9 g5]al1 l ^? illu/ri\s p]sonages :o conduct ! dialogue 9 ! pres5t treatise1 none w refuse to confess ! sup]iority ( su* p]sons to all o!rs2 =1 9 fact1 :at c be m admirable ?an ! /udy & practice ( ! gr& affairs ( /ate1 unit$ to a lit]>y ta/e & a famili>ity ) ! lib]al arts8 or :at c we imag9e m p]fect ?an a ,scipio1 a ,llius1 or a ,philus1 :o1 n to omit any?+ :i* belong$ to ! mo/ p]fect excell5ce ( ! greate/ m51 jo9$ to ! examples ( our ance/ors & ! traditions ( our c\ntrym5 ! =eign philosophy ( ,socrates8 ,:]e=e he :o _h bo? ! desire & ! p[] to acqua9t himself ?or\ghly bo? ) ! cu/oms & ! le>n+ ( 8 ance/ors appe>s to me to h atta9$ to ! v highe/ glory & honor4 ,b if we _c comb9e bo?1 & are compell$ to select "o ( ^! two pa?s to wisdom--?\gh to "s p ! tranquil life sp5t 9 ! rese>* ( lit]ature & arts may appe> to be ! mo/ happy & delectable--yet1 d\btless1 ! sci5ce ( politics is m laudable & illu/ri\s1 = 9 ?is political field ( ex]tion our greate/ m5 h reap$ _! honors1 l ! inv9cible ,curius1 ,:om nei!r gold nor iron c\ld subdue4 ,,iv4 99 99 99#ccc t wisdom exi/$ /ill4 ,!re exi/$ ?is g5]al diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two classes1 t among ! "o ! developm5t ( ! pr9ciples ( nature is ! subject ( _! /udy & eloqu5ce1 & among ! o!r national laws & in/itutions =m ! pr9cipal topics ( inve/igation4 ,9 honor ( our c\ntry1 we may ass]t t %e has produc$ )9 h]self a great numb]1 ,i w n say ( sages 7s9ce philosophy is s jeal\s ( ?is "n71 b ( m5 wor?y ( ! highe/ celebrity1 because by !m ! precepts & discov]ies ( ! sages h be5 c>ri$ out into actual practice4 ,&1 moreov]1 ?\gh !re h exi/$1 & /ill d exi/1 _m great & glori\s empires1 yet s9ce ! noble/ ma/]piece ( g5ius 9 ! _w is ! e/abli%m5t ( a /ate & commonweal? :i* %all be a la/+ "o1 ev5 if we reckon b a s+le legislator = ea* empire1 ! numb] ( ^! excell5t m5 w appe> v num]\s4 ,to be conv9c$ ( ?is1 we h only to turn our eyes on any nation ( ,italy1 ,latium1 ! ,sab9es1 ! ,volscians1 ! ,samnites1 or ! ,etrurians1 & !n direct our att5tion to t mighty nation ( ! ,greeks1 & !n to ! ,assyrians1 ,p]sians1 & ,c>?ag9ians1 &#ccd 99 99 99 ,v4 99 99 99 ,scipio & 8 fri5ds hav+ aga9 assembl$1 ,scipio spoke z foll[s3 ,9 our la/ conv]sation1 ,i promis$ to prove t hone/y is ! be/ policy 9 all /ates & commonweal?s :atsoev]4 ,b if ,i am to plead 9 favor ( /rict hone/y & ju/ice 9 all public affairs1 no less ?an 9 private1 ,i mu/ reque/ ,philus1 or "s "o else1 to take up ! advocacy ( ! o!r side2 ! tru? w !n become m manife/1 f ! collision ( opposite argum5ts1 z we see e day exemplifi$ at ! ,b>4 ,& ,philus repli$3 ,9 good tru?1 y h allott$ me a v cr$itable cause :5 y wi% me to und]take ! def5ce ( vice4 ,p]haps1 said ,llius1 y are afraid1 le/1 9 reproduc+ ! ord9>y objections made to ju/ice 9 politics1 y %\ld seem to express y\r own s5tim5ts2 ?\gh y are univ]sally respect$ z an almo/ unique example ( ! anci5t probity & good fai?2 nor is x unkn[n h[ famili> y are ) ! lawy]-l habit ( disput+ on bo? sides ( a "q1 because y ?9k t ?is is ! be/ way ( gett+ at ! tru?4 ,& ,philus said3 ,v well2 ,i obey y1 & wilfully1 ) my eyes op51 ,i w und]take ?is dirty bus9ess2 because1 s9ce ^? :o seek = gold d n fl9* at ! sight ( ! mud1 s we :o are se>*+ = ju/ice1 :i* is f> m preci\s ?an gold1 are b\nd to %r9k f no annoyance4 ,& ,i wi%1 z ,i am ab\t to make use ( ! antagoni/ argum5ts ( a =eign]1 ,i might also employ a =eign language4 ,! pleas1 !re=e1 n[ to be urg$ by ,lucius ,furius ,philus are ^? once employ$ by ! ,greek ,c>neades1 a man :o 0 accu/om$ to express :atev] s]v$ 8 turn4#cce 99 99 99#ccf,let x be und]/ood1 !re=e1 t ,i by no means express my own s5tim5ts1 b ^? ( ,c>neades1 9 ord] t y may refute ?is philosoph]1 :o 0 wont to turn ! be/ causes into joke1 ?r\gh ! m]e wantonness ( wit4 ,,vi4 ,he 0 a philosoph] ( ! ,academic ,s*ool2 & if any "o is ignorant ( 8 great p[]1 & eloqu5ce1 & acut5ess 9 argu+1 he may le>n x f ! m5tion made ( him by ,cic]o or by ,lucilius1 :5 ,neptune1 disc\rs+ on a v difficult subject1 decl>es t x _c be expla9$1 n ev5 if hell 7 to re/ore ,c>neades himself = ! purpose4 ,?is philosoph]1 hav+ be5 s5t by ! ,a!nians to ,rome z an ambassador1 discuss$ ! subject ( ju/ice v amply 9 ! he>+ ( ,galba & ,cato ! ,c5sor1 :o 7 ! greate/ orators ( ! day4 ,& ! next day he ov]turn$ all 8 argum5ts by o!rs ( a contr>y t5d5cy1 & disp>ag$ ju/ice1 :i* ! day be=e he _h extoll$2 speak+ n inde$ ) ! gravity ( a philosoph] ^: wisdom ought to be /eady1 & ^: op9ions un*angeable1 b 9 a k9d ( rhetorical ex]cise ( argu+ on ea* side--a practice :i* he 0 accu/om$ to adopt1 9 ord] to be able to refute o!rs :o 7 ass]t+ any?+4 ,! argum5ts by :i* he disp>ag$ ju/ice are m5tion$ by ,lucius ,furius 9 ,cic]o2 ,i suppose1 s9ce he 0 discuss+ ! ,commonweal?1 9 ord] to introduce a def5ce & panegyric ( t quality )\t :i* he did n ?9k a commonweal? c\ld be adm9i/]$4 ,b ,c>neades1 9 ord] to refute ,ari/otle & ,plato1 ! advocates ( ju/ice1 collect$ 9 8 fir/ argum5t ev]y?+ t 0 9 ! habit ( be+ advanc$ on behalf ( ju/ice1 9 ord] aft]w>d to be able to ov]turn x1 z he did4 ,,vii4 ,_m philosoph]s inde$1 & especially ,plato & ,ari/otle1 h spok5 a great deal ( ju/ice1 inculcat+ t virtue1 & extoll+ x ) ! highe/ praise1 z giv+ to e "o :at belongs to him1 z pres]v+ equity 9 all ?+s1 & urg+ t :ile ! o!r virtues are1 z x 71 sil5t & %ut up1 ju/ice is ! only "o :i* is n absorb$ 9 consid]ations ( self-int]e/1 & :i* is n secret1 b f9ds its :ole field = ex]cise out-(-doors1 & is desir\s ( do+ good & s]v+ z _m p z possible2 z if1 =soo?1 ju/ice ought to exi/ 9 judges only1 & 9 m5 inve/$ ) a c]ta9 au?ority1 & n 9 e "o6 ,b !re is no "o1 n ev5 a man ( ! l[e/ class1 or a begg>1 :o is de/itute ( opportunities ( display+ ju/ice4 ,b because ^! philosoph]s knew n :at its ess5ce 01 or :5ce x proce$$1 or :at its employm5t 01 !y attribut$ t fir/ ( all virtues1 :i* is ! common good ( all m51 to a few only1 & ass]t$ t x aim$ at no advantage ( its own1 b 0 anxi\s only = t ( o!rs4 ,s x 0 well t ,c>neades1 a man ( ! greate/ g5ius & acut5ess1 refut$ _! ass]tions1 & ov]?rew t ju/ice :i* _h no firm f\ndation2 n because he ?\ght ju/ice itself des]v+ ( blame1 b 9 ord] to %[ t ^? its def5d]s _h br\ght =w>d no tru/wor?y or /rong argum5ts 9 its behalf4 ,ju/ice looks out-(-doors1 & is prom95t & conspicu\s 9 its :ole ess5ce4 ,:i* virtue1 beyond all o!rs1 :olly devotes & d$icates itself to ! advantage ( o!rs4 ,,viii4 99 99 99 ,bo? to discov] & ma9ta94 ,:ile ! o!r1 ,ari/otle1 has fill$ f\r l>ge volumes ) a discussion on ab/ract ju/ice4 ,= ,i did n expect any?+ gr& or magnific5t f ,*rysippus1 :o1 aft] 8 usual fa%ion1 exam9es ev]y?+ r by ! signification ( words ?an ! reality ( ?+s4 ,b x 0 surely wor?y ( ^? h]oes ( philosophy to ennoble by _! g5ius a virtue s em95tly b5efic5t & lib]al1 :i* ev]y:]e exalts ! social int]e/s above ! selfi%1 & tea*es u to love o!rs r ?an ourselves4 ,x 0 wor?y ( _! g5ius1 we say1 to elevate ?is virtue to a div9e ?rone1 n f> f t ( ,wisdom4 ,& c]ta9ly !y nei!r want$ ! w to accompli% ?is 7= :at else c\ld be ! cause ( _! writ+ on ! subject1 or :at c\ld h be5 _! design87 nor ! g5ius1 9 :i* !y excell$ all m54 ,b ! weakness ( _! cause 0 too great = ei!r _! int5tion or _! eloqu5ce to make x popul>4 ,9 fact1 ?is ju/ice on :i* we reason is a civil "r1 b no natural "o2 = if x 7 natural & univ]sal1 !n ju/ice & inju/ice w\ld be recogniz$ simil>ly by all m51 j z ! heat & cold1 sweetness & bitt]ness4 ,,ix4 ,n[1 if any "o1 c>ri$ 9 t *>iot ( w+$ s]p5ts ( :i* ! poet ,pacuvius makes m5tion1 c\ld take 8 flight ov] all nations & cities1 & accurately obs]ve _! proce$+s1 he w\ld see t ! s5se ( ju/ice & "r v>ies 9 diff]5t regions4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he w\ld behold among ! un*angeable p ( ,egypt1 :i* pres]ves 9 its ar*ives ! memory ( s _m ages & ev5ts1 a bull ador$ z a ,deity1 "u ! "n ( ,apis1 & a multitude ( o!r mon/]s1 & all k9ds ( animals admitt$ by ! same nation into ! numb] ( ! ,gods4 ,9 ! next place1 he w\ld see 9 ,greece1 z among ourselves1 magnific5t temples consecrat$ by images 9 human =m1 :i* ! ,p]sians reg>d$ z impi\s2 & x is affirm$ t ! sole motive ( ,x]xes = comm&+ ! conflagration ( ! ,a!nian temples 0 ! belief t x 0 a sup]/iti\s sacrilege to keep conf9$ )9 n>r[ walls ! ,gods1 ^: prop] home 0 ! entire univ]se4 ,b aft]w>d ,philip1 9 8 ho/ile projects aga9/ ! ,p]sians1 & ,alex&]1 :o c>ri$ !m into execution1 alleg$ ?is plea = w>1 t !y 7 desir\s to av5ge ! temples ( ,greece1 :i* ! ,greeks _h ?\ght prop] nev] to rebuild1 t ?is monum5t ( ! impiety ( ! ,p]sians might always rema9 be=e ! eyes ( _! po/]ity4 ,h[ _m--su* z ! inhabitants ( ,taurica along ! ,eux9e ,sea2 z ! ,k+ ( ,egypt1 ,busiris2 z ! ,gauls & ! ,c>?ag9ians--h ?\ght x exce$+ly pi\s & agreeable to ! ,gods to sacrifice m56 ,&1 besides1 ! cu/oms ( life are s v>i\s t ! ,cretans & tolians reg>d robb]y z honorable4 ,& ! ,lac$monians say t _! t]ritory ext5ds to all places :i* !y c t\* ) a lance4 ,! ,a!nians _h a cu/om ( swe>+1 by a public proclamation1 t all ! l&s :i* produc$ olives & corn 7 _! own4 ,! ,gauls consid] x a base employm5t to raise corn by agricultural labor1 & g ) arms 9 _! h&s1 & m[ d[n ! h>ve/s ( neighbor+ peoples4 ,b we ourselves1 ! mo/ equitable ( all nations1 :o1 9 ord] to raise ! value ( our v9es & olives1 d n p]mit ! races beyond ! ,alps to cultivate ei!r v9ey>ds or olivey>ds1 are said 9 ?is matt] to act ) prud5ce1 b n ) ju/ice4 ,y see1 !n1 t wisdom & policy are n always ! same z equity4 ,& ,lycurgus1 t fam\s inv5tor ( a mo/ admirable jurisprud5ce & mo/ :olesome laws1 gave ! l&s ( ! ri* to be cultivat$ by ! common p1 :o 7 r$uc$ to slav]y4 ,x4 ,if ,i 7 to describe ! div]se k9ds ( laws1 in/itutions1 mann]s1 & cu/oms1 n only z !y v>y 9 ! num]\s nations1 b z !y v>y likewise 9 s+le cities--9 ?is "o ( ours1 = example--,i c\ld prove t !y h _h a ?\s& revolutions4 ,= in/ance1 t em95t expositor ( our laws :o sits 9 ! pres5t company--,i mean ,manilius--if y 7 to consult him relative to ! legacies & inh]itances ( wom51 he w\ld tell y t ! pres5t law is q diff]5t f t he 0 accu/om$ to plead 9 8 y\?1 be=e ! ,voconian enactm5t came into =ce--an edict :i* 0 pass$ 9 favor ( ! int]e/s ( ! m51 b :i* is evid5tly full ( inju/ice ) reg>d to wom54 ,= :y %\ld a woman be disabl$ f inh]it+ prop]ty8 ,:y c a ve/al virg9 become an heir1 :ile h] "m _c8 ,& :y1 admitt+ t x is necess>y to set "s limit to ! weal? ( wom51 %\ld ,crassus's daught]1 if %e be 8 only *ild1 inh]it ?\s&s )\t (f5d+ ! law1 :ile my daught] c only receive a small %>e 9 a beque/4#ccg 99 99 99 ,,xi4 99 99 99 ,if ?is ju/ice 7 natural1 innate1 & univ]sal1 all m5 w\ld admit ! same law & "r1 & ! same m5 w\ld n enact diff]5t laws at diff]5t times4 ,if a j man & a virtu\s man is b\nd to obey ! laws1 ,i ask1 :at laws d y mean8 ,d y int5d all ! laws indiff]5tly8 ,b nei!r does virtue p]mit ?is incon/ancy 9 moral obligation1 nor is su* a v>iation compatible ) natural consci5ce4 ,! laws are1 !re=e1 bas$ n on our s5se ( ju/ice1 b on our fe> ( puni%m5t4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 no natural ju/ice2 & h5ce x foll[s t m5 _c be j by nature4 ,are m51 !n1 to say t v>iations inde$ d exi/ 9 ! laws1 b t m5 :o are virtu\s ?r\gh natural consci5ce foll[ t :i* is really ju/ice1 & n a m]e semblance & disguise1 & t x is ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ! truly j & virtu\s man to r5d] e "o 8 due rights8 ,are we1 !n1 to attribute ! fir/ ( ^! *>act]i/ics to animals8 ,= n only m5 ( mod]ate abilities1 b ev5 fir/-rate sages & philosoph]s1 z ,py?agoras & ,emp$ocles1 decl>e t all k9ds ( liv+ creatures h a "r to ! same ju/ice4 ,!y decl>e t inexpiable p5alties imp5d ov] ^? :o h done viol5ce to any animal :atsoev]4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a crime to injure an animal1 & ! p]petrator ( su* crime#cch 99 99 99 ,,xii4 ,= :5 he#cci inquir$ ( a pirate by :at "r he d>$ to infe/ ! sea ) 8 little brigant9e3 ,by ! same "r1 he repli$1 :i* is y\r w>rant = conqu]+ ! _w4 99 99 99 ,wisdom & prud5ce in/ruct u by all means to increase our p[]1 ri*es1 & e/ates4 ,= by :at means c\ld ?is same ,alex&]1 t illu/ri\s g5]al1 :o ext5d$ 8 empire ov] all ,asia1 )\t violat+ ! prop]ty ( o!r m51 h acquir$ su* univ]sal dom9ion1 enjoy$ s _m pleasures1 su* great p[]1 & reign$ )\t b\nd or limit8 ,b ju/ice comm&s u to h m]cy ^u all m51 to consult ! int]e/s ( ! :ole human race1 to give to e "o 8 due1 & injure no sacr$1 public1 or =eign rights1 & to =be> t\*+ :at does n belong to u4 ,:at is ! result1 !n8 ,if y obey ! dictates ( wisdom1 !n weal?1 p[]1 ri*es1 honors1 prov9ces1 & k+doms1 f all classes1 peoples1 & nations1 are to be aim$ at4 ,h[ev]1 z we are discuss+ public matt]s1 ^? examples are m illu/ri\s :i* ref] to :at is done publicly4 ,& s9ce ! "q betwe5 ju/ice & policy applies equally to private & public affairs1 ,i ?9k x well to speak ( ! wisdom ( ! p4 ,i w n1 h[ev]1 m5tion o!r nations1 b come at once to our own ,roman p1 :om ,africanus1 9 8 disc\rse ye/]day1 trac$ f ! cradle1 & ^: empire n[ embraces ! :ole _w4 ,ju/ice is#cdj 99 99 99 ,,xiii4 ,h[ f> utility is at v>iance ) ju/ice we may le>n f ! ,roman p itself1 :i*1 decl>+ w> by means ( ! fecials1 & committ+ inju/ice ) all legal =mality1 always covet+ & lay+ viol5t h&s on ! prop]ty ( o!rs1 acquir$ ! possession ( ! :ole _w4 ,:at is ! advantage ( "o's own c\ntry b ! disadvantage ( ano!r /ate or nation1 by ext5d+ "o's dom9ions by t]ritories evid5tly wre/$ f o!rs1 increas+ "o's p[]1 improv+ "o's rev5ues1 etc48 ,!re=e1 :oev] has obta9$ ^! advantages = 8 c\ntry--t is to say1 :oev] has ov]?r[n cities1 subdu$ nations1 & by ^! means fill$ ! treasury ) money1 tak5 l&s1 & enri*$ 8 fell[-citiz5s--su* a man is extoll$ to ! skies2 is believ$ to be end[$ ) consummate & p]fect virtue2 & ?is mi/ake is fall5 into n only by ! populace & ! ignorant1 b by philosoph]s1 :o ev5 give rules = inju/ice4 ,,xiv4 99 99 99 ,= all ^? :o h ! "r ( life & dea? ov] ! p are 9 fact tyrants2 b !y pref] be+ call$ by ! title ( k+1 :i* belongs to ! all-good ,jupit]4 ,b :5 c]ta9 m51 by favor ( weal?1 bir?1 or any o!r means1 get possession ( ! entire gov]nm5t1 x is a faction2 b !y *oose to d5om9ate !mselves an ari/ocracy4 ,if ! p gets ! upp] h&1 & rules ev]y?+ aft] its caprici\s w1 !y call x lib]ty1 b x is 9 fact lic5se4 ,& :5 e man is a gu>d ^u 8 neighbor1 & e class is a gu>d ^u e o!r class1 !n because no "o tru/s 9 8 own /r5g?1 a k9d ( compact is =m$ betwe5 ! great & ! little1 f :5ce arises t mix$ k9d ( gov]nm5t :i* ,scipio has be5 comm5d+4 ,?us ju/ice1 accord+ to ^! facts1 is n ! daught] ( nature or consci5ce1 b ( human imbecility4 ,= :5 x becomes necess>y to *oose betwe5 ^! ?ree pr$icam5ts1 ei!r to d wrong )\t retribution1 or to d wrong ) retribution1 or to d no wrong at all1 x is be/ to d wrong ) impunity2 next1 nei!r to d wrong nor to suff] = x2 b no?+ is m wret*$ ?an to /ruggle incessantly betwe5 ! wrong we inflict & t we receive4 ,!re=e1 he :o atta9s to t fir/ end#cda 99 99 99 ,,xv4 ,?is 0 ! sum ( ! argum5t ( ,c>neades3 t m5 _h e/abli%$ laws among !mselves f consid]ations ( advantage1 v>y+ !m accord+ to _! diff]5t cu/oms1 & alt]+ !m (t5 s z to adapt !m to ! times2 b t !re 0 no su* ?+ z natural law2 t all m5 & all o!r animals are l$ to _! own advantage by ! guidance ( nature2 t !re is no su* ?+ z ju/ice1 or1 if !re be1 t x is extreme folly1 s9ce a man w\ld injure himself :ile consult+ ! int]e/s ( o!rs4 ,& he add$ ^! argum5ts1 t all nations :o 7 fl\ri%+ & dom9ant1 & ev5 ! ,romans !mselves1 :o 7 ! ma/]s ( ! :ole _w1 if !y wi%$ to be j--t is to say1 if !y re/or$ all t belong$ to o!rs--w\ld h to return to _! cottages1 & to lie d[n 9 want & mis]y4 ,except1 p]haps1 ( ! ,arcadians & ,a!nians1 :o1 ,i presume1 dread+ t ?is great act ( retribution might "o day arrive1 pret5d t !y 7 sprung f ! e>?1 l s _m field-mice4 ,,xvi4 ,9 reply to ^! /atem5ts1 ! foll[+ argum5ts are (t5 adduc$ by ^? :o are n unskilful 9 discussions1 & :o1 9 ?is "q1 h all ! great] weight ( au?ority1 because1 :5 we inquire1 ,:o is a good man8--und]/&+ by t t]m a frank & s+le-m9d$ man--we h little ne$ ( capti\s casui/s1 quibbl]s1 & sl&]]s4 ,= ^? m5 ass]t t ! wise man does n seek virtue because ( ! p]sonal gratification :i* ! practice ( ju/ice & b5efic5ce procures him1 b r because ! life ( ! good man is free f fe>1 c>e1 solicitude1 & p]il2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! wick$ always feel 9 _! s\ls a c]ta9 suspicion1 & always behold be=e _! eyes images ( judgm5t & puni%m5t4 ,d n y ?9k1 !re=e1 t !re is any b5efit1 or t !re is any advantage :i* c be procur$ by inju/ice1 preci\s en\gh to c\nt]balance ! con/ant pressure ( remorse1 & ! haunt+ consci\sness t retribution awaits ! s9n]1 & hangs ov] 8 devot$ head4#cdb 99 99 99 ,,xvii4 ,our philosoph]s1 !re=e1 put a case4 ,suppose1 say !y1 two m51 "o ( :om is an excell5t & admirable p]son1 ( high honor & rem>kable integrity2 ! latt] is di/+ui%$ by no?+ b 8 vice & audacity4 ,& suppose t _! city has s mi/ak5 _! *>act]s z to imag9e ! good man to be a sc&al\s1 impi\s1 & audaci\s crim9al1 & to e/eem ! wick$ man1 on ! contr>y1 z a patt]n ( probity & fidelity4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is error ( _! fell[-citiz5s1 ! good man is arre/$ & torm5t$1 8 h&s are cut (f1 8 eyes are pluck$ out1 he is condemn$1 b\nd1 burn$1 ext]m9at$1 r$uc$ to want1 & to ! la/ appe>s to all m5 to be mo/ des]v$ly ! mo/ mis]able ( m54 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! flagiti\s wret* is exalt$1 wor%ipp$1 lov$ by all1 & honors1 (fices1 ri*es1 & emolum5ts are all conf]r$ on him1 & he %all be reckon$ by 8 fell[-citiz5s ! be/ & wor?ie/ ( mortals1 & 9 ! highe/ degree des]v+ ( all mann] ( prosp]ity4 ,yet1 = all ?is1 :o is s mad z to d\bt :i* ( ^! two m5 he w\ld r be8 ,,xviii4 ,:at happ5s among individuals happ5s also among nations4 ,!re is no /ate s absurd & ridicul\s z n to pref] unju/ dom9ion to j subord9ation4 ,i ne$ n g f> = examples4 ,dur+ my own consul%ip1 :5 y 7 my fell[-c\nsellors1 we consult$ respect+ ! treaty ( ,numantia4 ,no "o 0 ignorant t ,qu9tus ,pompey _h sign$ a treaty1 & t ,manc9us _h done ! same4 ,! latt]1 be+ a virtu\s man1 support$ ! proposition :i* ,i laid be=e ! p1 aft] ! decree ( ! s5ate4 ,! =m]1 on ! o!r side1 oppos$ x vehem5tly4 ,if mode/y1 probity1 or fai? _h be5 reg>d$1 ,manc9us w\ld h c>ri$ 8 po9t2 b 9 reason1 c\nsel1 & prud5ce1 ,pompey surpass$ him4 ,:e!r#cdc 99 99 99 ,,xix4 ,if a man %\ld h a fai?less slave1 or an un:olesome h\se1 ) ^: defect he alone 0 acqua9t$1 & he adv]tis$ !m = sale1 w\ld he /ate ! fact t 8 s]vant 0 infect$ ) knav]y1 & 8 h\se ) mal>ia1 or w\ld he conceal ^! objections f ! buy]8 ,if he /at$ ^? facts1 he w\ld be hone/1 no d\bt1 because he w\ld deceive nobody2 b /ill he w\ld be ?\ght a fool1 because he w\ld ei!r get v little = 8 prop]ty1 or else fail to sell x at all4 ,by conceal+ ^! defects1 on ! o!r h&1 he w be call$ a %rewd man--z "o :o has tak5 c>e ( 8 own int]e/2 b he w be a rogue1 not)/&+1 because he w be deceiv+ 8 neighbors4 ,aga91 let u suppose t "o man meets ano!r1 :o sells gold & silv]1 conceiv+ !m to be copp] or lead2 %all he hold 8 peace t he may make a capital b>ga91 or correct ! mi/ake1 & pur*ase at a fair rate8 ,he w\ld evid5tly be a fool 9 ! _w's op9ion if he pref]r$ ! latt]4 ,,xx4 ,x is ju/ice1 beyond all "q1 nei!r to commit murd] nor robb]y4 ,:at1 !n1 w\ld y\r j man d1 if1 9 a case ( %ipwreck1 he saw a weak] man ?an himself get possession ( a plank8 ,w\ld he n ?ru/ him (f1 get hold ( ! timb] himself1 & escape by 8 ex]tions1 especially z no human witness c\ld be pres5t 9 ! mid-sea8 ,if he act$ l a wise man ( ! _w1 he w\ld c]ta9ly d s1 = to act 9 any o!r way w\ld co/ him 8 life4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he pref]s dea? to inflict+ unju/ifiable injury on 8 neighbor1 he w be an em95tly honorable & j man1 b n ! less a fool1 because he sav$ ano!r's life at ! exp5se ( 8 own4 ,aga91 if 9 case ( a defeat & r\t1 :5 ! enemy 7 press+ 9 ! re>1 ?is j man %\ld f9d a w\nd$ comrade m\nt$ on a horse1 %all he respect 8 "r at ! risk ( be+ kill$ himself1 or %all he fl+ him f ! horse 9 ord] to pres]ve 8 own life f ! pursu]s8 ,if he does s1 he is a wise man1 b at ! same "t a wick$ "o2 if he does n1 he is admirably j1 b at ! same "t /upid4 ,,xxi4 ,scipio4 ,i might reply at great l5g? to ^! sophi/ical objections ( ,philus1 if x 7 n1 my ,llius1 t all our fri5ds are no less anxi\s ?an myself to he> y take a lead+ "p 9 ! pres5t debate1 especially z y promis$ ye/]day t y w\ld plead at l>ge on my side ( ! argum5t4 ,if y _c sp>e "t = ?is1 at any rate d n des]t u2 we all ask x ( y4 ,llius4 ,?is ,c>neades ought n to be ev5 li/5$ to by our "y m54 ,i ?9k all ! :ile t ,i am he>+ him t he mu/ be a v impure p]son2 if he be n1 z ,i w\ld fa9 believe1 8 disc\rse is n less p]nici\s4 ,,xxii4#cdd ,true law is "r reason con=mable to nature1 univ]sal1 un*angeable1 et]nal1 ^: comm&s urge u to duty1 & ^: prohibitions re/ra9 u f evil4 ,:e!r x enjo9s or =bids1 ! good respect its injunctions1 & ! wick$ treat !m ) indiff]5ce4 ,?is law _c be contradict$ by any o!r law1 & is n liable ei!r to d]ogation or abrogation4 ,nei!r ! s5ate nor ! p c give u any disp5sation = n obey+ ?is univ]sal law ( ju/ice4 ,x ne$s no o!r expositor & int]pret] ?an our own consci5ce4 ,x is n "o ?+ at ,rome1 & ano!r at ,a!ns2 "o ?+ to-day1 & ano!r to-morr[2 b 9 all times & nations ?is univ]sal law mu/ =ev] reign1 et]nal & imp]i%able4 ,x is ! sov]eign ma/] & emp]or ( all be+s4 ,god himself is its au?or1 its promulgator1 its en=c]4 ,& he :o does n obey x flies f himself1 & does viol5ce to ! v nature ( man4 ,& by s do+ he w endure ! sev]e/ p5alties ev5 if he avoid ! o!r evils :i* are usually acc\nt$ puni%m5ts4 ,,xxiii4 ,i am aw>e t 9 ! ?ird book ( ,cic]o's treatise on ! ,commonweal? 7unless ,i am mi/ak57 x is argu$ t no w> is ev] und]tak5 by a well-regulat$ commonweal? unless x be "o ei!r = ! sake ( keep+ fai?1 or = safety2 & :at he means by a w> = safety1 & :at safety he wi%es u to und]/&1 he po9ts out 9 ano!r passage1 :]e he says1 ,b private m5 (t5 escape f ^! p5alties1 :i* ev5 ! mo/ /upid p]sons feel--want1 exile1 imprisonm5t1 & /ripes--by embrac+ ! opportunity ( a spe$y dea?2 b to /ates dea? itself is a p5alty1 ?\gh x appe>s to deliv] individuals f puni%m5t4 ,= a /ate ought to be e/abli%$ s z to be et]nal3 !re=e1 !re is no natural decease = a /ate1 z !re is = a man1 9 ^: case dea? is n only inevitable1 b (t5 ev5 desirable2 b :5 a /ate is put an end to1 x is de/roy$1 ext+ui%$4 ,x is 9 "s degree1 to comp>e small ?+s ) great1 z if ?is :ole _w 7 to p]i% & fall to pieces4 ,9 8 treatise on ! ,commonweal?1 ,cic]o says ^? w>s are unju/ :i* are und]tak5 )\t reason4 ,aga91 aft] a few s5t5ces1 he adds1 ,no w> is consid]$ j unless x be =mally ann\nc$ & decl>$1 & unless x be to obta9 re/itution ( :at has be5 tak5 away4 ,b our nation1 by def5d+ its allies1 has n[ become ! ma/] ( all ! :ole _w4 ,,xxiv4 ,also1 9 t same treatise on ! ,commonweal?1 he argues mo/ /r5u\sly & vigor\sly 9 ! cause ( ju/ice aga9/ inju/ice4 ,& s9ce1 :5 a little "t be=e ! "p ( inju/ice 0 upheld aga9/ ju/ice1 & ! doctr9e 0 urg$ t a republic c\ld n prosp] & fl\ri% except by inju/ice1 ?is 0 put =w>d z ! /ronge/ argum5t1 t x 0 unju/ = m5 to s]ve o!r m5 z _! ma/]s2 b t unless a dom9ant /ate1 su* z a great republic1 act$ on ?is inju/ice1 x c\ld n gov]n its prov9ces2 answ] 0 made on behalf ( ju/ice1 t x 0 j t x %\ld be s1 because slav]y is advantage\s to su* m51 & _! int]e/s are consult$ by a "r c\rse ( conduct--t is1 by ! lic5se ( do+ injury be+ tak5 f ! wick$--& !y w f>e bett] :5 subjugat$1 because :5 n subjugat$ !y f>$ worse3 & to confirm ?is reason+1 a noble in/ance1 tak51 z x 71 f nature1 0 add$1 & x 0 said1 ,:y1 !n1 does ,god gov]n man1 & :y does ! m9d gov]n ! body1 & reason gov]n lu/1 & ! o!r vici\s p>ts ( ! m9d8 ,,xxv4 ,he> :at ,tully says m pla9ly /ill 9 ! ?ird book ( 8 treatise on ! ,commonweal?1 :5 discuss+ ! reasons = gov]nm5t4 ,d we n1 says he1 see t nature h]self has giv5 ! p[] ( dom9ion to ev]y?+ t is be/1 to ! extreme advantage ( :at is subject$ to x8 ,:y1 !n1 does ,god gov]n man1 & :y does ! m9d gov]n ! body1 & reason gov]n lu/ & passion & ! o!r vici\s p>ts ( ! same m9d8 ,li/5 ?us f>2 = pres5tly he adds1 ,b /ill !re are dissimil>ities to be recogniz$ 9 gov]n+ & 9 obey+4 ,= z ! m9d is said to gov]n ! body1 & also to gov]n lu/1 /ill x gov]ns ! body z a k+ gov]ns 8 subjects1 or a p>5t 8 *ildr52 b x gov]ns lu/ z a ma/] gov]ns 8 slaves1 because x re/ra9s & breaks x4 ,! au?ority ( k+s1 ( g5]als1 ( magi/rates1 ( fa!rs1 & ( nations1 rules _! subjects & allies z ! m9d rules bodies2 b ma/]s control _! slaves1 z ! be/ "p ( ! m9d--t is to say1 wisdom--controls ! vici\s & weak p>ts ( itself1 su* z lu/1 passion1 & ! o!r p]turbations4 ,= !re is a k9d ( unju/ slav]y :5 ^? belong to "s "o else :o might be _! own ma/]s2 b :5 ^? are slaves :o _c gov]n !mselves1 !re is no injury done4 ,,xxvi4 ,if1 says ,c>neades1 y 7 to "k t an asp 0 ly+ hidd5 any:]e1 & t "s "o :o did n "k x 0 go+ to sit ^u x1 ^: dea? w\ld be a ga9 to y1 y w\ld act wick$ly if y did n w>n him n to sit d[n4 ,/ill1 y w\ld n be liable to puni%m5t2 = :o c\ld prove t y _h kn[n8 ,b we are br++ =w>d too _m in/ances2 = x is pla9 t unless equity1 good fai?1 & ju/ice proce$ f nature1 & if all ^! ?+s are ref]r$ to int]e/1 a good man _c be f\nd4 ,& on ^! topics a great deal is said by ,llius 9 our treatise on ! ,republic4 ,if1 z we are rem9d$ by y1 we h spok5 well 9 t treatise1 :5 we said t no?+ is good except+ :at is honorable1 & no?+ bad except+ :at is disgraceful4 99 99 99 ,,xxvii4 ,i am glad t y approve ( ! doctr9e t ! affection borne to our *ildr5 is implant$ by nature2 inde$1 if x be n1 !re c be no conection betwe5 man & man :i* has its orig9 9 nature4 ,& if !re be n1 !n !re is an end ( all society 9 life4 ,may x turn out well1 says ,c>neades1 speak+ %amelessly1 b /ill m s5sibly ?an my fri5d ,lucius or ,patro3 =1 z !y ref] ev]y?+ to !mselves1 d !y ?9k t any?+ is ev] done = ! sake ( ano!r8 ,& :5 !y say t a man ought to be good1 9 ord] to avoid mis=tune1 n because x is "r by nature1 !y d n p]ceive t !y are speak+ ( a cunn+ man1 n ( a good "o4 ,b ^! argum5ts are argu$1 ,i ?9k1 9 ^? books by prais+ :i* y h giv5 me spirits4 ,9 :i* ,i agree t an anxi\s & haz>d\s ju/ice is n t ( a wise man4 ,,xxviii4 ,& aga91 9 ,cic]o1 t same advocate ( ju/ice1 ,llius1 says1 ,virtue is cle>ly eag] = honor1 nor has %e any o!r rew>d2 :i*1 h[ev]1 %e accepts easily1 & exacts )\t bitt]ness4 ,& 9 ano!r place ! same ,llius says3 ,:5 a man is inspir$ by virtue su* z ?is1 :at bribes c y (f] him1 :at treasures1 :at ?rones1 :at empires8 ,he consid]s ^! b mortal goods1 & e/eems 8 own div9e4 ,& if ! +ratitude ( ! p1 & ! envy ( 8 competitors1 or ! viol5ce ( p[]ful enemies1 despoil 8 virtue ( its e>?ly recomp5se1 he /ill enjoys a ?\s& consolations 9 ! approbation ( consci5ce1 & su/a9s himself by contemplat+ ! beauty ( moral rectitude4 ,,xxix4 99 99 99 ,?is virtue1 9 ord] to be true1 mu/ be univ]sal4 ,tib]ius ,grac*us cont9u$ fai?ful to 8 fell[-citiz5s1 b he violat$ ! rights & treaties gu>ante$ to our allies & ! ,lat9 peoples4 ,b if ?is habit ( arbitr>y viol5ce beg9s to ext5d itself fur!r1 & p]v]ts our au?ority1 lead+ x f "r to viol5ce1 s t ^? :o _h volunt>ily obey$ u are only re/ra9$ by fe>1 !n1 al?\gh we1 dur+ our days1 may escape ! p]il1 yet am ,i solicit\s respect+ ! safety ( our po/]ity & ! immortality ( ! ,commonweal? itself1 :i*1 d\btless1 might become p]petual & inv9cible if our p w\ld ma9ta9 _! anci5t in/itutions & mann]s4 ,,xxx4 ,:5 ,llius _h ceas$ to speak1 all ^? t 7 pres5t express$ ! extreme pleasure !y f\nd 9 8 disc\rse4 ,b ,scipio1 m affect$ ?an ! re/1 & ravi%$ ) ! delight ( sympa?y1 exclaim$3 ,y h plead$1 my ,llius1 _m causes ) an eloqu5ce sup]ior to t ( ,s]vius ,galba1 our colleague1 :om y us$ dur+ 8 life to pref] to all o!rs1 ev5 to ! ,attic orators & nev] did ,i he> y speak ) m en]gy ?an to-day1 :ile plead+ ! cause ( ju/ice#cde 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,t two ?+s 7 want+ to enable him to speak 9 public & 9 ! =um1 confid5ce & voice4 ,,xxxi4 99 99 99 ,?is ju/ice1 cont9u$ ,scipio1 is ! v f\ndation ( lawful gov]nm5t 9 political con/itutions4 ,c we call ! ,/ate ( ,agrig5tum a commonweal?1 :]e all m5 are oppress$ by ! cruelty ( a s+le tyrant--:]e !re is no univ]sal bond ( "r1 nor social cons5t & fell[%ip1 :i* %\ld belong to e p1 prop]ly s nam$8 ,x is ! same 9 ,syracuse--t illu/ri\s city :i* ,timu calls ! greate/ ( ! ,grecian t[ns4 ,x 0 inde$ a mo/ beautiful city2 & its admirable citadel1 its canals di/ribut$ ?r\gh all its di/ricts1 its broad /reets1 its porticoes1 its temples1 & its walls1 gave ,syracuse ! appe>ance ( a mo/ fl\ri%+ /ate4 ,b :ile ,dionysius its tyrant reign$ !re1 no?+ ( all its weal? belong$ to ! p1 & ! p 7 no?+ bett] ?an ! slaves ( "o ma/]4 ,?us1 :]ev] ,i behold a tyrant1 ,i "k t ! social con/itution mu/ be n m]ely vici\s & corrupt1 z ,i /at$ ye/]day1 b 9 /rict tru? no social con/itution at all4 ,,xxxii4 ,llius4 ,y h spok5 admirably1 my ,scipio1 & ,i see ! po9t ( y\r obs]vations4 ,scipio4 ,y grant1 !n1 t a /ate :i* is entirely 9 ! p[] ( a faction _c ju/ly be entitl$ a political community8 ,llius4 ,t is evid5t4 ,scipio4 ,y judge mo/ correctly4 ,= :at 0 ! ,/ate ( ,a!ns :51 dur+ ! great ,peloponnesian w>1 %e fell "u ! unju/ dom9ation ( ! ?irty tyrants8 ,! antique glory ( t city1 ! impos+ aspect ( its edifices1 its !atre1 its gymnasium1 its porticoes1 its temples1 its citadel1 ! admirable sculptures ( ,phidias1 & ! magnific5t h>bor ( ,piru--did !y con/itute x a commonweal?8 ,llius4 ,c]ta9ly n1 because ^! did n con/itute ! real welf>e ( ! community4 ,scipio4 ,& at ,rome1 :5 ! decemvirs rul$ )\t appeal f _! decisions1 9 ! ?ird ye> ( _! p[]1 _h n lib]ty lo/ all its securities & all its bless+s8 ,llius4 ,yes2 ! welf>e ( ! community 0 no long] consult$1 & ! p soon r\s$ !mselves1 & recov]$ _! appropriate rights4 ,,xxxiii4 ,scipio4 ,i n[ come to ! ?ird1 or democratical1 =m ( gov]nm5t1 9 :i* a consid]able difficulty pres5ts itself1 because all ?+s are !re said to lie at ! disposition ( ! p1 & are c>ri$ into execution j z !y please4 ,"h ! populace inflict puni%m5ts at _! pleasure1 & act1 & seize1 & keep possession1 & di/ribute prop]ty1 )\t let or h9d]ance4 ,c y d5y1 my ,llius1 t ?is is a fair def9ition ( a democracy1 :]e ! p are all 9 all1 & :]e ! p con/itute ! ,/ate8 ,llius4 ,!re is no political con/itution to :i* ,i m absolutely d5y ! "n ( a commonweal? ?an t 9 :i* all ?+s lie 9 ! p[] ( ! multitude4 ,if a commonweal?1 :i* implies ! welf>e ( ! entire community1 c\ld n exi/ 9 ,agrig5tum1 ,syracuse1 or ,a!ns :5 tyrants reign$ ov] !m--if x c\ld n exi/ 9 ,rome :5 "u ! olig>*y ( ! decemvirs--nei!r d ,i see h[ ?is sacr$ "n ( commonweal? c be appli$ to a democracy & ! sway ( ! mob2 because1 9 ! fir/ place1 my ,scipio1 ,i build on y\r own admirable def9ition1 t !re c be no community1 prop]ly s call$1 unless x be regulat$ by a comb9ation ( rights4 ,&1 by ?is def9ition1 x appe>s t a multitude ( m5 may be j z tyrannical z a s+le despot2 & x is s mu* ! worse1 s9ce no mon/] c be m b>b>\s ?an ! mob1 :i* assumes ! "n & appe>ance ( ! p4 ,nor is x at all reasonable1 s9ce ! laws place ! prop]ty ( madm5 9 ! h&s ( _! sane relations1 t we %\ld d ! v rev]se 9 politics1 & ?r[ ! prop]ty ( ! sane into ! h&s ( ! mad multitude#cdf 99 99 99 ,,xxxiv4 99 99 99 ,x is f> m rational to ass]t t a wise & virtu\s ari/ocratical gov]nm5t des]ves ! title ( a commonweal?1 z x approa*es to ! nature ( a k+dom4 ,& mu* m s 9 my op9ion1 said ,mummius4 ,= ! unity ( p[] (t5 exposes a k+ to become a despot2 b :5 an ari/ocracy1 consi/+ ( _m virtu\s m51 ex]cise p[]1 t is ! mo/ =tunate circum/ance possible = any /ate4 ,h[ev] ?is be1 ,i mu* pref] royalty to democracy2 = t is ! ?ird k9d ( gov]nm5t :i* y h rema9+1 & a mo/ vici\s "o x is4 ,,xxxv4 ,scipio repli$3 ,i am well acqua9t$1 my ,mummius1 ) y\r decid$ antipa?y to ! democratical sy/em4 ,&1 al?\gh1 we may speak ( x ) r m indulg5ce ?an y are accu/om$ to accord x1 ,i mu/ c]ta9ly agree ) y1 t ( all ! ?ree p>ticul> =ms ( gov]nm5t1 none is less comm5dable ?an democracy4 ,i d n agree ) y1 h[ev]1 :5 y w\ld imply t ari/ocracy is pref]able to royalty4 ,if y suppose t wisdom gov]ns ! ,/ate1 is x n z well t ?is wisdom %\ld reside 9 "o mon>* z 9 _m nobles8 ,b we are l$ away by a c]ta9 incorrectness ( t]ms 9 a discussion l ! pres5t4 ,:5 we pron\nce ! ^w ari/ocracy1 :i*1 9 ,greek1 signifies ! gov]nm5t ( ! be/ m51 :at c be conceiv$ m excell5t8 ,= :at c be ?\ght bett] ?an ! be/8 ,b :51 on ! o!r h&1 ! title k+ is m5tion$1 we beg9 to imag9e a tyrant2 z if a k+ mu/ be necess>ily unju/4 ,b we are n speak+ ( an unju/ k+ :5 we are exam9+ ! true nature ( royal au?ority4 ,to ?is "n ( k+1 !re=e1 d b atta* ! idea ( a ,romulus1 a ,numa1 a ,tullus1 & p]haps y w be less sev]e to ! mon>*ical =m ( con/itution4 ,mummius4 ,h y1 !n1 no comm5dation at all = any k9d ( democratical gov]nm5t8 ,scipio4 ,:y1 ,i ?9k "s democratical =ms less objectionable ?an o!rs2 &1 by way ( illu/ration1 ,i w ask y :at y ?\ght ( ! gov]nm5t 9 ! isle ( ,rhodes1 :]e we 7 lately toge!r2 did x appe> to y a legitimate & rational con/itution8 ,mummius4 ,x did1 & n mu* liable to abuse4 ,scipio4 ,y say truly4 ,b1 if y recollect1 x 0 a v extraord9>y exp]im5t4 ,all ! inhabitants 7 alt]nately s5ators & citiz5s4 ,"s mon?s !y sp5t 9 _! s5atorial functions1 & "s mon?s !y sp5t 9 _! civil employm5ts4 ,9 bo? !y ex]cis$ judicial p[]s2 & 9 ! !atre & ! c\rt1 ! same m5 judg$ all causes1 capital & n capital4 ,& !y _h z mu* influ5ce1 & 7 ( z mu* importance z 99 99 99 ,,fragm5ts4 ,,xxxvi4 ,!re is !re=e "s unquiet feel+ 9 individuals1 :i* ei!r exults 9 pleasure or is cru%$ by annoyance4 ,! next is an incomplete s5t5ce1 &1 z su*1 un9telligible4 ,! ,pho5icians 7 ! fir/ :o by _! comm]ce1 & by ! m]*&ise :i* !y c>ri$1 br\ght av>ice & magnific5ce & insatiable degrees ( ev]y?+ into ,greece4 ,s>danapalus1 ! luxuri\s k+ ( ,assyria1 ( :om ,tully1 9 ! ?ird book ( 8 treatise on ! ,republic1 says1 ,! notori\s ,s>danapalus1 f> m de=m$ by 8 vices ?an ev5 by 8 "n4 ,:at is ! mean+1 !n1 ( ?is absurd acceptation1 unless "s "o wi%es to make ! :ole ( ,a?os a monum5t8 ,= :at is ,a?os or ! va/ ,olympus8 99 99 99 ,,xxxvii4 ,i w endeavor 9 ! prop] place to %[ x1 accord+ to ! def9itions ( ,cic]o himself1 9 :i*1 putt+ =? ,scipio z ! speak]1 he has briefly expla9$ :at a commonweal? & :at a republic is2 adduc+ also _m ass]tions ( 8 own1 & ( ^? :om he has repres5t$ z tak+ "p 9 t discussion1 to ! effect t ! ,/ate ( ,rome 0 n su* a commonweal?1 because !re has nev] be5 g5u9e ju/ice 9 x4 ,h[ev]1 accord+ to def9itions :i* are m reasonable1 x 0 a commonweal? 9 "s degree1 & x 0 bett] regulat$ by ! m anci5t ?an by ! lat] ,romans4 ,x is n[ fitt+ t ,i %\ld expla91 z briefly & z cle>ly z ,i c1 :at1 9 ! second book ( ?is "w1 ,i promis$ to prove1 accord+ to ! def9itions :i* ,cic]o1 9 8 books on ! ,commonweal?1 puts into ! m\? ( ,scipio1 argu+ t ! ,roman ,/ate 0 nev] a commonweal?2 = he briefly def9es a commonweal? z a /ate ( ! p2 ! p z an assembly ( ! multitude1 unit$ by a common feel+ ( "r1 & a community ( int]e/s4 ,:at he calls a common feel+ ( "r he expla9s by discussion1 %[+ 9 ?is way t a commonweal? _c proce$ )\t ju/ice4 ,:]e1 !re=e1 !re is no g5u9e ju/ice1 !re c be no "r1 = t :i* is done accord+ to "r is done ju/ly2 & :at is done unju/ly _c be done accord+ to "r1 = ! unju/ regulations ( m5 are n to be call$ or ?\ght rights2 s9ce !y !mselves call t "r 7jus7 :i* fl[s f ! s\rce ( ju/ice3 & !y say t t ass]tion :i* is (t5 made by "s p]sons ( errone\s s5tim5ts1 namely1 t t is "r :i* is advantage\s to ! mo/ p[]ful1 is false4 ,:]e=e1 :]e !re is no true ju/ice !re c be no company ( m5 unit$ by a common feel+ ( "r2 !re=e !re c be no p 7populus71 accord+ to t def9ition ( ,scipio or ,cic]o3 & if !re be no p1 !re c be no /ate ( ! p1 b only ( a mob su* z x may be1 :i* is n wor?y ( ! "n ( a p4 ,& ?us1 if a commonweal? is a /ate ( a p1 & if t is n a p :i* is n unit$ by a common feel+ ( "r1 & if !re is no "r :]e !re is no ju/ice1 !n ! und\bt$ inf]5ce is1 t :]e !re is no ju/ice !re is no commonweal?4 ,moreov]1 ju/ice is t virtue :i* gives e "o 8 own4 ,no w> c be und]tak5 by a j & wise /ate unless = fai? or self-def5ce4 ,?is self-def5ce ( ! ,/ate is en\gh to insure its p]petuity1 & ?is p]petuity is :at all patriots desire4 ,^? afflictions :i* ev5 ! h>die/ spirits sm>t "u--pov]ty1 exile1 prison1 & torm5t--private individuals seek to escape f by an in/antane\s dea?4 ,b = /ates1 ! greate/ calamity ( all is t ( dea?1 :i* to individuals appe>s a refuge4 ,a /ate %\ld be s con/itut$ z to live =ev]4 ,= a commonweal? !re is no natural dissolution z !re is = a man1 to :om dea? n only becomes necess>y1 b (t5 desirable4 ,& :5 a /ate once decays & falls1 x is s utt]ly revolutioniz$1 t1 if we may comp>e great ?+s ) small1 x resembles ! f9al wreck ( ! univ]se4 ,all w>s und]tak5 )\t a prop] motive are unju/4 ,& no w> c be reput$ j unless x be duly ann\nc$ & proclaim$1 & if x be n prec$$ by a rational dem& = re/itution4 ,our ,roman ,commonweal?1 by def5d+ its allies1 has got possession ( ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,f\r? ,,book1 ,,by ,,! ,,orig9al ,,translator4 ,9 ?is f\r? book ,cic]o treats ( morals & education1 & ! use & abuse ( /age ent]ta9m5ts4 ,we reta9 no?+ ( ?is important book save a few scatt]$ fragm5ts1 ! beauty ( :i* fills u ) ! great] regret = ! passages we h lo/4 ,,book ,,iv4 ,,fragm5ts4 ,i4 99 99 99 ,s9ce m5tion has be5 made ( ! body & ( ! m9d1 ,i w endeavor to expla9 ! !ory ( ea* z well z ! weakness ( my und]/&+ is able to compreh5d x--a duty :i* ,i ?9k x ! m becom+ 9 me to und]take1 because ,m>cus ,tullius1 a man ( s+ul> g5ius1 aft] hav+ attempt$ to p]=m x 9 ! f\r? book ( 8 treatise on ! ,commonweal?1 compress$ a subject ( wide ext5t )9 n>r[ limits1 only t\*+ lightly on all ! pr9cipal po9ts4 ,& t !re might be no excuse alleg$ = 8 n hav+ foll[$ out ?is topic1 he himself has assur$ u t he 0 n want+ ei!r 9 incl9ation or 9 anxiety to d s2 =1 9 ! fir/ book ( 8 treatise on ,laws1 :5 he 0 t\*+ briefly on ! same subject1 he speaks ?us3 ,?is topic ,scipio1 9 my op9ion1 has suffici5tly discuss$ 9 ^? books :i* y h read4 ,& ! m9d itself1 :i* sees ! future1 rememb]s ! pa/4 ,well did ,m>cus ,tullius say1 ,9 tru?1 if !re is no "o :o w\ld n pref] dea? to be+ *ang$ into ! =m ( "s bea/1 al?\gh he 7 /ill to reta9 ! m9d ( a man1 h[ mu* m wret*$ is x to h ! m9d ( a bea/ 9 ! =m ( a man6 ,to me ?is fate appe>s z mu* worse ?an ! o!r z ! m9d is sup]ior to ! body4 ,tullius says some:]e t he does n ?9k ! good ( a ram & ( ,publius ,africanus id5tical4 ,& also by its be+ int]pos$1 x causes %ade & night1 :i* is adapt$ bo? to ! numb]+ ( days & to re/ f labor4 ,& z 9 ! autumn he has op5$ ! e>? to receive se$s1 9 w9t] relax$ x t x may dige/ !m1 & by ! rip5+ p[]s ( summ] s(t5$ "s & burn$ up o!rs4 ,:5 ! %eph]ds use 99 99 99 = cattle4 ,cic]o1 9 ! f\r? book ( 8 ,commonweal?1 uses ! ^w arm5tum1 & arm5t>ius1 d]iv$ f x4 ,,ii4 ,! great law ( j & regul> subord9ation is ! basis ( political prosp]ity4 ,!re is mu* advantage 9 ! h>moni\s succession ( ranks & ord]s & classes1 9 :i* ! suffrages ( ! knights & ! s5ators h _! due weight4 ,too _m h fooli%ly desir$ to de/roy ?is in/itution1 9 ! va9 hope ( receiv+ "s new l>gess1 by a public decree1 out ( a di/ribution ( ! prop]ty ( ! nobility4 ,,iii4 ,consid]1 n[1 h[ wisely ! o!r provisions h be5 adopt$1 9 ord] to secure to ! citiz5s ! b5efits ( an hone/ & happy life2 = t is1 inde$1 ! gr& object ( all political association1 & t :i* e gov]nm5t %\ld endeavor to procure = ! p1 p>tly by its in/itutions1 & p>tly by its laws4 ,consid]1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! national education ( ! p--a matt] on :i* ! ,greeks h exp5d$ mu* labor 9 va91 & :i* is ! only po9t on :i* ,polybius1 :o settl$ among u1 accuses ! neglig5ce ( our in/itutions4 ,= our c\ntrym5 h ?\ght t education ought n to be fix$1 nor regulat$ by laws1 nor be giv5 publicly & uni=mly to all classes ( society4 ,=#cdg 99 99 99 ,accord+ to ,tully1 :o says t m5 go+ to s]ve 9 ! army h gu>dians assign$ to !m1 by :om !y are gov]n$ ! fir/ ye>4 ,,iv4 ,9 our anci5t laws1 "y m5 7 prohibit$ f appe>+ nak$ 9 ! public ba?s1 s f> back 7 ! pr9ciples ( mode/y trac$ by our ance/ors4 ,among ! ,greeks1 on ! contr>y1 :at an absurd sy/em ( tra9+ y\? is exhibit$ 9 _! gymnasia6 ,:at a frivol\s prep>ation = ! labors & haz>ds ( w>6 :at indec5t spectacles1 :at impure & lic5ti\s am\rs are p]mitt$6 ,i d n speak only ( ! ,eleans & ,!bans1 among :om1 9 all love affairs1 passion is all[$ to run into %ameless excesses2 b ! ,sp>tans1 :ile !y p]mit e k9d ( lic5se to _! "y m51 save t ( violation1 f5ce (f1 by a v slight wall1 ! v exception on :i* !y insi/1 besides o!r crimes :i* ,i w n m5tion4 ,!n ,llius said3 ,i see1 my ,scipio1 t on ! subject ( ! ,greek in/itutions1 :i* y c5sure1 y pref] attack+ ! cu/oms ( ! mo/ r5[n$ peoples to cont5d+ ) y\r favorite ,plato1 ^: "n y h avoid$ cit+1 especially z 99 99 99 ,v4 ,s t ,cic]o1 9 8 treatise on ! ,commonweal?1 says t x 0 a reproa* to "y m5 if !y _h no lov]s4 ,n only z at ,sp>ta1 :]e boys le>n to /eal & plund]4 ,& our ma/] ,plato1 ev5 m ?an ,lycurgus1 :o w\ld h ev]y?+ to be common1 s t no "o %\ld be able to call any?+ 8 own prop]ty4 ,i w\ld s5d him to ! same place :i!r he s5ds ,hom]1 cr[n$ ) *aplets & ano9t$ ) p]fumes1 bani%+ him f ! city :i* he is describ+4 ,,vi4 ,! judgm5t ( ! c5sor inflicts sc>cely any?+ m ?an a blu% on ! man :om he condemns4 ,!re=e z all t adjudication turns solely on ! "n 7nom571 ! puni%m5t is call$ ignom9y4 ,nor %\ld a prefect be set ov] wom51 an (fic] :o is creat$ among ! ,greeks2 b !re %\ld be a c5sor to tea* husb&s to manage _! wives4 ,s ! discipl9e ( mode/y has great p[]4 ,all wom5 ab/a9 f w9e4 ,& also if any woman 0 ( bad "*1 h] relations us$ n to kiss h]4 ,s petulance is d]iv$ f ask+ 7pet5do72 wantonness 7procacitas7 f proc&o1 t is1 f dem&+4 ,,vii4 ,= ,i d n approve ( ! same nation be+ ! rul] & ! f>m] ( l&s4 ,b bo? 9 private families & 9 ! affairs ( ! ,commonweal? ,i look ^u economy z a rev5ue4 ,fai? 7fides7 appe>s to me to d]ive its "n f t be+ done 7fit7 :i* is said4 ,9 a citiz5 ( rank & noble bir?1 c>ess+ mann]s1 display1 & ambition are m>ks ( levity4 ,exam9e = a :ile ! books on ! ,republic1 & le>n t good m5 "k no b\nd or limit 9 consult+ ! int]e/s ( _! c\ntry4 ,see 9 t treatise ) :at praises frugality1 & cont95cy1 & fidelity to ! m>riage tie1 & *a/e1 honorable1 & virtu\s mann]s are extoll$4 ,,viii4 ,i m>vel at ! elegant *oice1 n only ( ! facts1 b ( ! language4 ,if !y dispute 7jurgant74 ,x is a conte/ betwe5 well-wi%]s1 n a qu>rel betwe5 enemies1 t is call$ a dispute 7jurgium71 ,!re=e ! law consid]s t neighbors dispute 7jurg>e7 r ?an qu>rel 7litig>e7 ) "o ano!r4 ,! b\nds ( man's c>e & ( man's life are ! same2 s by ! pontifical law ! sanctity ( burial 99 99 99 ,!y put !m to dea?1 ?\gh innoc5t1 because !y _h left ^? m5 unburi$ :om !y c\ld n rescue f ! sea because ( ! viol5ce ( ! /orm4 ,nor 9 ?is discussion h ,i advocat$ ! cause ( ! populace1 b ( ! good4 ,= "o _c easily resi/ a p[]ful p if "o gives !m ei!r no rights at all or v little4 ,9 :i* case ,i wi% ,i c\ld augur fir/ ) tru? & fidelity 99 99 99 ,,ix4 ,cic]o say+ ?is 9 va91 :5 speak+ ( poets1 ,& :5 ! %\ts & approval ( ! p1 z ( "s great & wise tea*]1 has rea*$ !m1 :at d>kness d !y br+ on6 :at al>ms d !y cause6 :at desires d !y excite6 ,cic]o says t if 8 life 7 ext5d$ to twice its l5g?1 he %\ld n h "t to read ! lyric poets4 ,x4 ,z ,scipio says 9 ,cic]o1 ,z !y ?\ght ! :ole hi/rionic art1 & ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! !atre1 discr$itable1 !y ?\ght fit t all m5 ( t description %\ld n only be depriv$ ( ! honors belong+ to ! re/ ( ! citiz5s1 b %\ld also be depriv$ ( _! fran*ise by ! s5t5ce ( ! c5sors4 ,& :at ! anci5t ,romans ?\ght on ?is subject ,cic]o in=ms u1 9 ^? books :i* he wrote on ! ,commonweal?1 :]e ,scipio argues & says 99 99 99 ,com$ies c\ld nev] 7if x _h n be5 au?oriz$ by ! common cu/oms ( life7 h made !atres approve ( _! sc&al\s exhibitions4 ,& ! m anci5t ,greeks provid$ a c]ta9 correction = ! vici\s ta/e ( ! p1 by mak+ a law t x %\ld be expressly def9$ by a c5sor%ip :at subjects com$y %\ld treat1 & h[ %e %\ld treat !m4 ,:om has x n attack$8 or1 r1 :om has x n w\nd$8 & :om has x sp>$8 ,9 ?is1 no d\bt1 x sometimes took ! "r side1 & la%$ ! popul> demagogues & s$iti\s agitators1 su* z ,cleon1 ,cleophon1 & ,hyp]bolus4 ,we may tol]ate t2 ?\gh inde$ ! c5sure ( ! magi/rate w\ld1 9 ^! cases1 h be5 m efficaci\s ?an ! satire ( ! poet4 ,b :5 ,p]icles1 :o gov]n$ ! ,a!nian ,commonweal? = s _m ye>s ) ! highe/ au?ority1 bo? 9 peace & w>1 0 outrag$ by v]ses1 & ^! 7 act$ on ! /age1 x 0 h>dly m dec5t ?an if1 among u1 ,plautus & ,nvius _h attack$ ,publius & ,cnu1 or ,ccilius _h v5tur$ to revile ,m>cus ,cato4 ,our laws ( ! ,twelve ,tables1 on ! contr>y--s c>eful to atta* capital puni%m5t to a v few crimes only--h includ$ 9 ?is class ( capital (f5ces ! (f5ce ( compos+ or publicly recit+ v]ses ( libel1 sl&]1 & defamation1 9 ord] to ca/ di%onor & infamy on a fell[-citiz54 ,& !y h decid$ wisely2 = our life & "* %\ld1 if suspect$1 be submitt$ to ! s5t5ce ( judicial tribunals & ! legal inve/igations ( our magi/rates1 & n to ! :ims & fancies ( poets4 ,nor %\ld we be expos$ to any *>ge ( disgrace :i* we _c meet by legal process1 & op5ly refute at ! b>4 ,9 our laws1 ,i admire ! ju/ice ( _! expressions1 z well z _! decisions4 ,?us ! ^w plead+ signifies r an amicable suit betwe5 fri5ds ?an a qu>rel betwe5 enemies4 ,x is n easy to resi/ a p[]ful p1 if y all[ !m no rights1 or next to none4 ,! old ,romans w\ld n all[ any liv+ man to be ei!r prais$ or blam$ on ! /age4 ,,xi4 ,cic]o says t com$y is an imitation ( life2 a mirror ( cu/oms1 an image ( tru?4 ,s9ce1 z is m5tion$ 9 t book on ! ,commonweal?1 n only did s*9es ! ,a!nian1 a man ( ! greate/ eloqu5ce1 :o1 :5 a "y man1 _h be5 an actor ( trag$ies1 conc]n himself 9 public affairs1 b ! ,a!nians (t5 s5t ,ari/odemus1 :o 0 also a tragic actor1 to ,philip z an ambassador1 to treat ( ! mo/ important affairs ( peace & w>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,fif? ,,book1 ,,by ,,! ,,orig9al ,,translator4 ,9 ?is fif? book ,cic]o expla9s & en=ces ! duties ( magi/rates1 & ! importance ( practical exp]i5ce to all :o und]take _! important functions4 ,only a few fragm5ts h surviv$ ! wreck ( ages & desc5d$ to u4 ,,book ,v4 ,,fragm5ts4 ,i4 ,ennius has told u-- ,( m5 & cu/oms mighty ,rome consi/s2 :i* v]se1 bo? = its precision & its v]ity1 appe>s to me z if x _h issu$ f an oracle2 = nei!r ! m51 unless ! ,/ate _h adopt$ a c]ta9 sy/em ( mann]s--nor ! mann]s1 unless !y _h be5 illu/rat$ by ! m5--c\ld ev] h e/abli%$ or ma9ta9$ = s _m ages s va/ a republic1 or "o ( su* righte\s & ext5sive sway4 ,?us1 long be=e our own times1 ! =ce ( h]$it>y mann]s ( itself m\ld$ mo/ em95t m52 & admirable citiz5s1 9 return1 gave new weight to ! anci5t cu/oms & in/itutions ( our ance/ors4 ,b our age1 on ! contr>y1 hav+ receiv$ ! ,commonweal? z a f9i%$ picture ( ano!r c5tury1 b "o already beg9n+ to fade ?r\gh ! lapse ( ye>s1 has n only neglect$ to r5ew ! colors ( ! orig9al pa9t+1 b has n ev5 c>$ to pres]ve its g5]al =m & prom95t l9eam5ts4 ,= :at n[ rema9s ( ^? antique mann]s1 ( :i* ! poet said t our ,commonweal? consi/$8 ,!y h n[ become s obsolete & =gott5 t !y are n only n cultivat$1 b !y are n ev5 kn[n4 ,& z to ! m51 :at %all ,i say8 ,= ! mann]s !mselves h only p]i%$ ?r\gh a sc>city ( m52 ( :i* great mis=tune we are n only call$ to give an acc\nt1 b ev51 z m5 accus$ ( capital (f5ces1 to a c]ta9 degree to plead our own cause 9 connection ) x4 ,= x is ow+ to our vices1 r ?an to any accid5t1 t we h reta9$ ! "n ( republic :5 we h long s9ce lo/ ! reality4 ,,ii4 99 99 99 ,!re is no employm5t s ess5tially royal z ! exposition ( equity1 :i* comprises ! true int]pretation ( all laws4 ,?is ju/ice subjects us$ g5]ally to expect f _! k+s4 ,= ?is reason1 l&s1 fields1 woods1 & pa/ures 7 res]v$ z ! prop]ty ( k+s1 & cultivat$ = !m1 )\t any labor on _! "p1 9 ord] t no anxiety on acc\nt ( _! p]sonal int]e/s might di/ract _! att5tion f ! welf>e ( ! ,/ate4 ,nor 0 any private man all[$ to be ! judge or arbitrator 9 any suit2 b all disputes 7 t]m9at$ by ! royal s5t5ce4 ,& ( all our ,roman mon>*s1 ,numa appe>s to me to h be/ pres]v$ ?is anci5t cu/om ( ! k+s ( ,greece4 ,= ! o!rs1 ?\gh !y also dis*>g$ ?is duty1 7 = ! ma9 "p employ$ 9 conduct+ milit>y ent]prises1 & 9 att5d+ to ^? rights :i* belong$ to w>4 ,b ! long peace ( ,numa's reign 0 ! "m ( law & religion 9 ?is city4 ,& he 0 himself ! au?or ( ^? admirable laws :i*1 z y are aw>e1 are /ill extant4 ,& ?is "* is precisely :at belongs to ! man ( :om we are speak+4 99 99 99 ,,iii4 ,scipio4 ,ought n a f>m] to be acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( plants & se$s8 ,manilius4 ,c]ta9ly1 provid$ he att5ds to 8 practical bus9ess also4 ,scipio4 ,d y ?9k t k only fit = a /ew>d8 ,manilius4 ,c]ta9ly n1 inasmu* z ! cultivation ( l& (t5 fails = want ( agricultural labor4 ,scipio4 ,!re=e1 z ! /ew>d kn[s ! nature ( a field1 & ! scribe kn[s p5man%ip1 & z bo? ( !m seek1 9 _! respective sci5ces1 n m]e amusem5t only1 b practical utility1 s ?is /atesman ( ours %\ld h /udi$ ! sci5ce ( jurisprud5ce & legislation2 he %\ld h inve/igat$ _! orig9al s\rces2 b he %\ld n emb>rass himself 9 debat+ & argu+1 read+ & scribbl+4 ,he %\ld r employ himself 9 ! actual adm9i/ration ( gov]nm5t1 & become a sort ( /ew>d ( x1 be+ p]fectly conv]sant ) ! pr9ciples ( univ]sal law & equity1 )\t :i* no man c be j3 n unfamili> ) ! civil laws ( /ates2 b he w use !m = practical purposes1 ev5 z a pilot uses a/ronomy1 & a physician natural philosophy4 ,= bo? ^! m5 br+ _! !oretical sci5ce to be> on ! practice ( _! arts2 & our /atesman %\ld d ! same ) ! sci5ce ( politics1 & make x subs]vi5t to ! actual int]e/s ( philan?ropy & patriotism4 99 99 99 ,,iv4 99 99 99 ,9 /ates 9 :i* good m5 desire glory & approbation1 & %un disgrace & ignom9y4 ,nor are su* m5 s mu* al>m$ by ! ?reats & p5alties ( ! law z by t s5tim5t ( %ame ) :i* nature has end[$ man1 :i* is no?+ else ?an a c]ta9 fe> ( des]v$ c5sure4 ,! wise director ( a gov]nm5t /r5g!ns ?is natural in/9ct by ! =ce ( public op9ion1 & p]fects x by education & mann]s4 ,& ?us ! citiz5s are pres]v$ f vice & corruption r by honor & %ame ?an by fe> ( puni%m5t4 ,b ?is argum5t w be bett] illu/rat$ :5 we treat ( ! love ( glory & praise1 :i* we %all discuss on ano!r occasion4 ,v4 ,z respects ! private life & ! mann]s ( ! citiz5s1 !y are intimately connect$ ) ! laws t con/itute j m>riages & legitimate (fspr+1 "u ! protection ( ! gu>dian deities ar\nd ! dome/ic he>?s4 ,by ^! laws1 all m5 %\ld be ma9ta9$ 9 _! rights ( public & private prop]ty4 ,x is only "u a good gov]nm5t l ?is t m5 c live happily--= no?+ c be m delightful ?an a well-con/itut$ /ate4 ,on :i* acc\nt x appe>s to me a v /range ?+ :at ?is 99 99 99 ,,vi4 ,i !re=e consume all my "t 9 consid]+ :at is ! p[] ( t man1 :om1 z y ?9k1 we h describ$ c>efully en\gh 9 our books4 ,d y1 !n1 admit our idea ( t gov]nor ( a commonweal? to :om we wi% to ref] ev]y?+8 ,= ?us1 ,i imag9e1 does ,scipio speak 9 ! fif? book3 ,= z a fair voyage is ! object ( ! ma/] ( a %ip1 ! heal? ( 8 pati5t ! aim ( a physician1 & victory t ( a g5]al1 s ! happ9ess ( 8 fell[-citiz5s is ! prop] /udy ( ! rul] ( a commonweal?2 t !y may be /able 9 p[]1 ri* 9 res\rces1 widely kn[n 9 reputation1 & honorable ?r\gh _! virtue4 ,= a rul] ought to be "o :o c p]fect ?is1 :i* is ! be/ & mo/ important employm5t among mank9d4 ,& works 9 y\r lit]ature rightly praise t rul] ( a c\ntry :o consults ! welf>e ( 8 p m ?an _! incl9ations4 ,,vii4 ,tully1 9 ^? books :i* he wrote ^u ! ,commonweal?1 c\ld n conceal 8 op9ions1 :5 he speaks ( appo9t+ a *ief ( ! ,/ate1 :o1 he says1 mu/ be ma9ta9$ by glory2 & aft]w>d he relates t 8 ance/ors did _m admirable & noble actions f a desire ( glory4 ,tully1 9 8 treatise on ! ,commonweal?1 wrote t ! *ief ( a /ate mu/ be ma9ta9$ by glory1 & t a commonweal? w\ld la/ z long z honor 0 paid by e "o to ! *ief4 ,! next p>agraph is un9telligible4 ,:i* virtue is call$ =titude1 :i* consi/s ( magnanimity1 & a great contempt ( dea? & pa94 ,,viii4 ,z ,m>cellus 0 fi]ce1 & eag] to fight1 ,maximus prud5t & cauti\s4 ,:o discov]$ 8 viol5ce & unbridl$ f]ocity4 ,:i* has (t5 happ5$ n only to individuals1 b also to mo/ p[]ful nations4 ,9 ! :ole _w4 ,because he inflict$ ! annoyances ( 8 old age on y\r families4 ,,ix4 ,cic]o1 9 8 treatise on ! ,commonweal?1 says1 ,z ,m5elaus ( ,lac$mon _h a c]ta9 agreeable sweetness ( eloqu5ce4 ,& 9 ano!r place he says1 ,let him cultivate brevity 9 speak+4 ,by ! evid5ce ( :i* arts1 z ,tully says1 x is a %ame = ! consci5ce ( ! judge to be misl$4 ,= he says1 ,& z no?+ 9 a commonweal? ought to be s uncorrupt z a suffrage & a s5t5ce1 ,i d n see :y ! man :o p]v]ts !m by money is wor?y ( puni%m5t1 :ile he :o does s by eloqu5ce is ev5 prais$4 ,inde$1 ,i myself ?9k t he :o corrupts ! judge by 8 spee* does m h>m ?an he :o does s by money1 because no "o c corrupt a s5sible man by money1 ?\gh he may by speak+4 ,& :5 ,scipio _h said ?is1 ,mummius prais$ him greatly1 = he 0 extravagantly imbu$ ) a hatr$ ( orators4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,six? ,,book4 ,9 ?is la/ book ( 8 ,commonweal?1 ,cic]o labors to %[ t truly pi\s philan?ropical & patriotic /atesm5 w n only be rew>d$ on e>? by ! approval ( consci5ce & ! applause ( all good citiz5s1 b t !y may expect h]eaft] immortal glory 9 new =ms ( be+4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 he introduces ! ,dream ( ,scipio1 9 :i* he expla9s ! respl5d5t doctr9es ( ,plato respect+ ! immortality ( ! s\l ) inimitable dignity & elegance4 ,?is ,somnium ,scipionis1 = :i* we are indebt$ to ! citation ( ,macrobius1 is ! mo/ beautiful ?+ ( ! k9d ev] writt54 ,x has be5 int5sely admir$ by all ,european s*ol>s1 & w be /ill m s4 ,!re are two translations ( x 9 our language2 "o atta*$ to ,oliv]'s edition ( ,cic]o's ,?\ghts1 ! o!r by ,mr4 ,danby1 publi%$ 9 #ahbi4 ,( ^! we h freely avail$ ourselves1 & z freely we express our ackn[l$gm5ts4 ,,book ,,vi4 ,,scipio',s ,,dream4 ,i4 ,!re=e y rely ^u all ! prud5ce ( ?is rule1 :i* has d]iv$ its v "n 7prud5tia7 f =esee+ 7a provid5do74 ,:]e=e ! citiz5 mu/ s prep>e himself z to be always arm$ aga9/ ^? ?+s :i* tr\ble ! con/itution ( a /ate4 ,& t diss5sion ( ! citiz5s1 :5 "o p>ty sep>ates f & attacks ano!r1 is call$ s$ition4 ,& 9 tru? 9 civil diss5sions1 z ! good are ( m importance ?an ! _m1 ,i ?9k t we %\ld reg>d ! weight ( ! citiz5s1 & n _! numb]4 ,= ! lu/s1 be+ sev]e mi/resses ( ! ?\ghts1 comm& & compel _m an unbridl$ action4 ,& z !y _c be satisfi$ or appeas$ by any means1 !y urge ^? :om !y h inflam$ ) _! allurem5ts to e k9d ( atrocity4 ,,ii4 ,:i* inde$ 0 s mu* ! great] 9 him because ?\gh ! cause ( ! colleagues 0 id5tical1 n only 0 _! unpopul>ity n equal1 b ! influ5ce ( ,grac*us 0 employ$ 9 mitigat+ ! hatr$ borne to ,claudius4 ,:o enc\nt]$ ! numb] ( ! *iefs & nobles ) ^! words1 & left beh9d him t m\rnful & dignifi$ expression ( 8 gravity & influ5ce4 ,t1 z he writes1 a ?\s& m5 might e day desc5d into ! =um ) cloaks dy$ 9 purple4 ,! next p>agraph is un9telligible4 ,= our ance/ors wi%$ m>riages to be firmly e/abli%$4 ,!re is a spee* extant ( ,llius ) :i* we are all acqua9t$1 express+ h[ pleas+ to ! immortal gods are ! 99 99 99 & 99 99 99 ( ! prie/s4 ,,iii4 ,cic]o1 writ+ ab\t ! ,commonweal?1 9 imitation ( ,plato1 has relat$ ! /ory ( ! return ( ,er ! ,pamphylian to life2 :o1 z he says1 _h come to life aga9 aft] he _h be5 plac$ on ! fun]al pile1 & relat$ _m secrets ab\t ! %ades bel[2 n speak+1 l ,plato1 9 a fabul\s imitation ( tru?1 b us+ a c]ta9 reasonable inv5tion ( an +5i\s dream1 clev]ly intimat+ t ^! ?+s :i* 7 utt]$ ab\t ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & ab\t heav51 are n ! inv5tions ( dream+ philosoph]s1 nor ! incr$ible fables :i* ! ,epicureans ridicule1 b ! conjectures ( wise m54 ,he ins9uates t t ,scipio :o by ! subjugation ( ,c>?age obta9$ ,africanus z a surname = 8 family1 gave notice to ,scipio ! son ( ,paulus ( ! trea*]y :i* ?reat5$ him f 8 relations1 & ! c\rse ( fate1 because by ! necessity ( numb]s he 0 conf9$ 9 ! p]iod ( a p]fect life1 & he says t he 9 ! fifty-six? ye> ( 8 age 99 99 99 ,,iv4 ,"s ( our religion :o love ,plato1 on acc\nt ( 8 admirable k9d ( eloqu5ce1 & ( "s correct op9ions :i* he held1 say t he _h "s op9ions simil> to my own t\*+ ! resurrection ( ! dead1 :i* subject ,tully t\*es on 9 8 treatise on ! ,commonweal?1 & says t he 0 r je/+ ?an int5d+ to say t 0 true4 ,= he ass]ts t a man return$ to life1 & relat$ "s /ories :i* h>moniz$ ) ! discussions ( ! ,platoni/s4 ,v4 ,9 ?is po9t ! imitation has especially pres]v$ ! lik5ess ( ! "w1 because1 z ,plato1 9 ! conclusion ( 8 volume1 repres5ts a c]ta9 p]son :o _h return$ to life1 :i* he appe>$ to h quitt$1 z indicat+ :at is ! condition ( s\ls :5 /ripp$ ( ! body1 ) ! addition ( a c]ta9 n unnecess>y description ( ! sph]es & />s1 an appe>ance ( circum/ances indicat+ ?+s ( ! same k9d is relat$ by ! ,scipio ( ,cic]o1 z hav+ be5 br\ght be=e him 9 sleep4 ,,vi4 ,tully is f\nd to h pres]v$ ?is arrangem5t ) no less judgm5t ?an g5ius4 ,aft]1 9 e condition ( ! ,commonweal?1 :e!r ( leisure or bus9ess1 he has giv5 ! palm to ju/ice1 he has plac$ ! sacr$ abodes ( ! immortal s\ls1 & ! secrets ( ! heav5ly regions1 on ! v summit ( 8 complet$ "w1 indicat+ :i!r !y mu/ come1 or r return1 :o h manag$ ! republic ) prud5ce1 ju/ice1 =titude1 & mod]ation4 ,b t ,platonic relat] ( secrets 0 a man ( ! "n ( ,er1 a ,pamphylian by nation1 a soldi] by pr(ession1 :o1 aft] he appe>$ to h di$ f w\nds receiv$ 9 battle1 & twelve days aft]w>d 0 ab\t to receive ! honors ( ! fun]al pile ) ! o!rs :o 7 sla9 at ! same "t1 sudd5ly ei!r recov]+ 8 life1 or else nev] hav+ lo/ x1 z if he 7 giv+ a public te/imony1 relat$ to all m5 all t he _h done or se5 9 ! days t he _h ?us pass$ betwe5 life & dea?4 ,al?\gh ,cic]o1 z if himself consci\s ( ! tru?1 grieves t ?is /ory has be5 ridicul$ by ! ignorant1 /ill1 avoid+ giv+ an example ( fooli% reproa*1 he pref]r$ speak+ ( ! relat] z ( "o awak5$ f a swoon r ?an re/or$ to life4 ,,vii4 ,& be=e we look at ! words ( ! dream we mu/ expla9 :at k9d ( p]sons !y are by :om ,cic]o says t ev5 ! acc\nt ( ,plato 0 ridicul$1 :o are n appreh5sive t ! same ?+ may happ5 to !m4 ,nor by ?is expression does he wi% ! ignorant mob to be und]/ood1 b a k9d ( m5 :o are ignorant ( ! tru?1 ?\gh pret5d+ to be philosoph]s ) a display ( le>n+1 :o1 x 0 notori\s1 _h read su* ?+s1 & 7 eag] to f9d faults4 ,we w say1 !re=e1 :o !y are :om he reports z hav+ levell$ light reproa*es aga9/ s great a philosoph]1 & :o ( !m has ev5 left an accusation ( him committ$ to writ+1 etc4 ,! :ole faction ( ! ,epicureans1 always w&]+ at an equal di/ance f tru?1 & ?9k+ ev]y?+ ridicul\s :i* !y d n und]/&1 has ridicul$ ! sacr$ volume1 & ! mo/ v5]able my/]ies ( nature4 ,b ,colotes1 :o is some:at celebrat$ & rem>kable = 8 loquacity among ! pupils ( ,epicurus1 has ev5 record$ 9 a book ! bitt] reproa*es :i* he aims at him4 ,b s9ce ! o!r argum5ts :i* he fooli%ly urges h no connection ) ! dream ( :i* we are n[ talk+1 we w pass !m ov] at pres5t1 & att5d only to ! calumny :i* w /ick bo? to ,cic]o & ,plato1 unless x is sil5c$4 ,he says t a fable ought n to h be5 inv5t$ by a philosoph]1 s9ce no k9d ( falsehood is suitable to pr(essors ( tru?4 ,= :y1 says he1 if y wi% to give u a notion ( heav5ly ?+s & to tea* u ! nature ( s\ls1 did y n d s by a simple & pla9 explanation8 ,:y 0 a "* inv5t$1 & circum/ances1 & /range ev5ts1 & a sc5e ( cunn+ly adduc$ falsehood arrang$1 to pollute ! v door ( ! inve/igation ( tru? by a lie8 ,s9ce ^! ?+s1 ?\gh !y are said ( ! ,platonic ,er1 d also attack ! re/ ( our dream+ ,africanus4 ,,viii4 ,?is occasion incit$ ,scipio to relate 8 dream1 :i* he decl>es t he _h buri$ 9 sil5ce = a long "t4 ,= :5 ,llius 0 compla9+ t !re 7 no /atues ( ,nasica erect$ 9 any public place1 z a rew>d = 8 hav+ sla9 ! tyrant1 ,scipio repli$ 9 ^! words3 ,b al?\gh ! consci\sness itself ( great de$s is to wise m5 ! mo/ ample rew>d ( virtue1 yet t div9e nature ought to h1 n /atues fix$ 9 lead1 nor triumphs ) )]+ laurels1 b "s m /able & la/+ k9ds ( rew>ds4 ,:at are !y8 said ,llius4 ,!n1 said ,scipio1 suff] me1 s9ce we h n[ be5 keep+ holiday = ?ree days1 99 99 99 etc4 ,by :i* preface he came to ! relation ( 8 dream2 po9t+ out t ^? 7 ! m /able & la/+ k9ds ( rew>ds :i* he himself _h se5 9 heav5 res]v$ = good gov]nors ( commonweal?s4 ,,ix4 ,:5 ,i _h arriv$ 9 ,africa1 :]e ,i 01 z y are aw>e1 milit>y tribune ( ! f\r? legion "u ! consul ,manilius1 !re 0 no?+ ( :i* ,i 0 m e>ne/ly desir\s ?an to see ,k+ ,mas9issa1 :o1 = v j reasons1 _h be5 always ! especial fri5d ( our family4 ,:5 ,i 0 introduc$ to him1 ! old man embrac$ me1 %$ te>s1 & !n1 look+ up to heav51 exclaim$--,i ?ank !e1 ,o supreme ,sun1 & ye also1 ye o!r cele/ial be+s1 t be=e ,i dep>t f ?is life ,i behold 9 my k+dom1 & 9 ?is my palace1 ,publius ,cornelius ,scipio1 by ^: m]e "n ,i seem to be reanimat$2 s completely & indelibly is ! recollection ( t be/ & mo/ inv9cible ( m51 ,africanus1 impr9t$ 9 my m9d4 ,aft] ?is1 ,i inquir$ ( him conc]n+ ! affairs ( 8 k+dom4 ,he1 on ! o!r h&1 que/ion$ me ab\t ! condition ( our ,commonweal?1 & 9 ?is mutual int]*ange ( conv]sation we pass$ ! :ole ( t day4 ,x4 ,9 ! ev5+ we 7 ent]ta9$ 9 a mann] wor?y ! magnific5ce ( a k+1 & c>ri$ on our disc\rse = a consid]able "p ( ! night4 ,& dur+ all ?is "t ! old man spoke ( no?+ b ,africanus1 all ^: actions1 & ev5 rem>kable say+s1 he rememb]$ di/9ctly4 ,at la/1 :5 we retir$ to b$1 ,i fell into a m pr(\nd sleep ?an usual1 bo? because ,i 0 fatigu$ ) my j\rney1 & because ,i _h sat up ! greate/ "p ( ! night4 ,"h ,i _h ! foll[+ dream1 occasion$1 z ,i v]ily believe1 by our prec$+ conv]sation2 = x frequ5tly happ5s t ! ?\ghts & disc\rses :i* h employ$ u 9 ! daytime produce 9 our sleep an effect some:at simil> to t :i* ,ennius writes happ5$ to him ab\t ,hom]1 ( :om1 9 8 wak+ h\rs1 he us$ frequ5tly to ?9k & speak4 ,africanus1 ,i ?\ght1 appe>$ to me 9 t %ape1 ) :i* ,i 0 bett] acqua9t$ f 8 picture ?an f any p]sonal k ( him4 ,:5 ,i p]ceiv$ x 0 he1 ,i confess ,i trembl$ ) con/]nation2 b he address$ me1 say+1 ,take c\rage1 my ,scipio2 be n afraid1 & c>efully rememb] :at ,i %all say to y4 ,,xi4 ,d y see t city ,c>?age1 :i*1 ?\gh br\ght "u ! ,roman yoke by me1 is n[ r5ew+ =m] w>s1 & _c live 9 peace8 7& he po9t$ to ,c>?age f a l(ty spot1 full ( />s1 & brilliant1 & glitt]+7--to attack :i* city y are ?is day arriv$ 9 a /ation n mu* sup]ior to t ( a private soldi]4 ,be=e two ye>s1 h[ev]1 are elaps$1 y %all be consul1 & complete its ov]?r[2 & y %all obta91 by y\r own m]it1 ! surname ( ,africanus1 :i* z yet belongs to y no o!rwise ?an z d]iv$ f me4 ,& :5 y h de/roy$ ,c>?age1 & receiv$ ! honor ( a triumph1 & be5 made c5sor1 &1 9 quality ( ambassador1 visit$ ,egypt1 ,syria1 ,asia1 & ,greece1 y %all be elect$ a second "t consul 9 y\r abs5ce1 &1 by utt]ly de/roy+ ,numantia1 put an end to a mo/ dang]\s w>4 ,b :5 y h ent]$ ! ,capitol 9 y\r triumphal c>1 y %all f9d ! ,roman ,commonweal? all 9 a f]m5t1 ?r\gh ! intrigues ( my gr&son ,tib]ius ,grac*us4 ,,xii4 ,x is on ?is occasion1 my de> ,africanus1 t y %[ y\r c\ntry ! greatness ( y\r und]/&+1 capacity1 & prud5ce4 ,b ,i see t ! de/9y1 h[ev]1 ( t "t is1 z x 71 unc]ta92 = :5 y\r age %all h accompli%$ sev5 times eight revolutions ( ! sun1 & y\r fatal h\rs %all be m>k$ put by ! natural product ( ^! two numb]s1 ea* ( :i* is e/eem$ a p]fect "o1 b = diff]5t reasons1 !n %all ! :ole city h rec\rse to y alone1 & place its hopes 9 y\r auspici\s "n4 ,on y ! s5ate1 all good citiz5s1 ! allies1 ! p ( ,latium1 %all ca/ _! eyes2 on y ! pres]vation ( ! ,/ate %all entirely dep5d4 ,9 a ^w1 if y escape ! impi\s ma*9ations ( y\r relatives1 y w1 9 quality ( dictator1 e/abli% ord] & tranquillity 9 ! ,commonweal?4 ,:5 on ?is ,llius made an exclamation1 & ! re/ ( ! company groan$ l\dly1 ,scipio1 ) a g5tle smile1 said1 ,i entreat y1 d n wake me out ( my dream1 b h pati5ce1 & he> ! re/4 ,,xiii4 ,n[1 9 ord] to enc\rage y1 my de> ,africanus1 cont9u$ ! %ade ( my ance/or1 to def5d ! ,/ate ) ! great] *e]fulness1 be assur$ t1 = all ^? :o h 9 any way conduc$ to ! pres]vation1 def5ce1 & enl>gem5t ( _! native c\ntry1 !re is a c]ta9 place 9 heav5 :]e !y %all enjoy an et]nity ( happ9ess4 ,= no?+ on e>? is m agreeable to ,god1 ! ,supreme ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se1 ?an ! assemblies & societies ( m5 unit$ toge!r by laws1 :i* are call$ /ates4 ,x is f heav5 _! rul]s & pres]v]s came1 & ?i!r !y return4 ,,xiv4 ,?\gh at ^! words ,i 0 extremely tr\bl$1 n s mu* at ! fe> ( dea? z at ! p]fidy ( my own relations1 yet ,i recollect$ myself en\gh to inquire :e!r he himself1 my fa!r ,paulus1 & o!rs :om we look ^u z dead1 7 really liv+4 ,yes1 truly1 repli$ he1 !y all enjoy life :o h escap$ f ! *a9s ( ! body z f a prison4 ,b z to :at y call life on e>?1 t is no m ?an "o =m ( dea?4 ,b see2 "h comes y\r fa!r ,paulus t[>ds y6 ,& z soon z ,i obs]v$ him1 my eyes bur/ out into a flood ( te>s2 b he took me 9 8 arms1 embrac$ me1 & bade me n weep4 ,,xv4 ,:5 my fir/ transports subsid$1 & ,i rega9$ ! lib]ty ( spee*1 ,i address$ my fa!r ?us3 ,?\ be/ & mo/ v5]able ( p>5ts1 s9ce ?is1 z ,i am in=m$ by ,africanus1 is ! only sub/antial life1 :y d ,i l+] on e>?1 & n r ha/e to come hi!r :]e y are8 ,t1 repli$ he1 is impossible3 unless t ,god1 ^: temple is all t va/ expanse y behold1 %all free y f ! fett]s ( ! body1 y c h no admission into ?is place4 ,mank9d h receiv$ _! be+ on ?is v condition1 t !y %\ld labor = ! pres]vation ( t globe :i* is situat$1 z y see1 9 ! mid/ ( ?is temple1 & is call$ e>?4 ,m5 are likewise end[$ ) a s\l1 :i* is a portion ( ! et]nal fires :i* y call />s & con/ellations2 & :i*1 be+ r\nd1 sph]ical bodies1 animat$ by div9e intellig5ces1 p]=m _! cycles & revolutions ) amaz+ rapidity4 ,x is y\r duty1 !re=e1 my ,publius1 & t ( all :o h any v5]ation = ! ,gods1 to pres]ve ?is wond]ful union ( s\l & body2 nor )\t ! express comm& ( ,him :o gave y a s\l %\ld ! lea/ ?\ght be ent]ta9$ ( quitt+ human life1 le/ y seem to des]t ! po/ assign$ y by ,god himself4 ,b r foll[ ! examples ( y\r gr&fa!r "h1 & ( me1 y\r fa!r1 9 pay+ a /rict reg>d to ju/ice & piety2 :i* is due 9 a great degree to p>5ts & relations1 b mo/ ( all to our c\ntry4 ,su* a life z ?is is ! true way to heav51 & to ! company ( ^?1 :o1 aft] hav+ liv$ on e>? & escap$ f ! body1 inhabit ! place :i* y n[ behold4 ,,xvi4 ,?is 0 ! %9+ circle1 or zone1 ^: rem>kable brightness di/+ui%es x among ! con/ellations1 & :i*1 aft] ! ,greeks1 y call ! ,milky ,way4 ,f !nce1 z ,i took a view ( ! univ]se1 ev]y?+ appe>$ beautiful & admirable2 = !re ^? />s are to be se5 t are nev] visible f our globe1 & ev]y?+ appe>s ( su* magnitude z we c\ld n h imag9$4 ,! lea/ ( all ! />s 0 t remov$ f>!/ f heav51 & situat$ next to ! e>?2 ,i mean our moon1 :i* %9es ) a borr[$ light4 ,n[1 ! globes ( ! />s f> surpass ! magnitude ( our e>?1 :i* at t di/ance appe>$ s exce$+ly small t ,i c\ld n b be s5sibly affect$ on see+ our :ole empire no l>g] ?an if we t\*$ ! e>?1 z x 71 at a s+le po9t4 ,,xvii4 ,& z ,i cont9u$ to obs]ve ! e>? ) great att5tion1 ,h[ long1 ,i pray y1 said ,africanus1 w y\r m9d be fix$ on t object8 :y don't y r take a view ( ! magnific5t temples among :i* y h arriv$8 ,! univ]se is compos$ ( n9e circles1 or r sph]es1 "o ( :i* is ! heav5ly "o1 & is ext]ior to all ! re/1 :i* x embraces2 be+ itself ! ,supreme ,god1 & b\nd+ & conta9+ ! :ole4 ,9 x are fix$ ^? />s :i* revolve ) nev]-v>y+ c\rses4 ,bel[ ?is are sev5 o!r sph]es1 :i* revolve 9 a contr>y direction to t ( ! heav5s4 ,"o ( ^! is occupi$ by ! globe :i* on e>? !y call ,saturn4 ,next to t is ! /> ( ,jupit]1 s b5ign & salut>y to mank9d4 ,! ?ird 9 ord] is t fi]y & t]rible planet call$ ,m>s4 ,bel[ ?is1 aga91 almo/ 9 ! middle region1 is ! sun--! lead]1 gov]nor1 & pr9ce ( ! o!r lum9>ies2 ! s\l ( ! _w1 :i* x regulates & illum9es2 be+ ( su* va/ size t x p]vades & gives light to all places4 ,!n foll[ ,v5us & ,m]cury1 :i* att5d1 z x 71 on ! sun4 ,la/ly1 ! moon1 :i* %9es only 9 ! reflect$ beams ( ! sun1 moves 9 ! l[e/ sph]e ( all4 ,bel[ ?is1 if we except t gift ( ! ,gods1 ! s\l1 :i* has be5 giv5 by ! lib]ality ( ! ,gods to ! human race1 ev]y?+ is mortal1 & t5ds to dissolution2 b above ! moon all is et]nal4 ,= ! e>?1 :i* is ! n9? globe1 & occupies ! c5tre1 is immovable1 &1 be+ ! l[e/1 all o!rs gravitate t[>ds x4 ,,xviii4 ,:5 ,i _h recov]$ myself f ! a/oni%m5t occasion$ by su* a wond]ful prospect1 ,i ?us address$ ,africanus3 ,pray :at is ?is s\nd t /rikes my e>s 9 s l\d & agreeable a mann]8 ,to :i* he repli$3 ,x is t :i* is call$ ! music ( ! sph]es1 be+ produc$ by _! motion & impulse2 & be+ =m$ by unequal int]vals1 b su* z are divid$ accord+ to ! ju/e/ proportion1 x produces1 by duly temp]+ acute ) grave s\nds1 v>i\s conc]ts ( h>mony4 ,= x is impossible t motions s great %\ld be p]=m$ )\t any noise2 & x is agreeable to nature t ! extremes on "o side %\ld produce %>p1 & on ! o!r flat s\nds4 ,= :i* reason ! sph]e ( ! fix$ />s1 be+ ! highe/1 & be+ c>ri$ ) a m rapid velocity1 moves ) a %rill & acute s\nd2 :]eas t ( ! moon1 be+ ! l[e/1 moves ) a v flat "o4 ,z to ! e>?1 :i* makes ! n9? sph]e1 x rema9s immovably fix$ 9 ! middle or l[e/ "p ( ! univ]se4 ,b ^? eight revolv+ circles1 9 :i* bo? ,m]cury & ,v5us are mov$ ) ! same cel]ity1 give out s\nds t are divid$ by sev5 di/9ct int]vals1 :i* is g5]ally ! regulat+ numb] ( all ?+s4 ,?is cele/ial h>mony has be5 imitat$ by le>n$ musicians bo? on /r+$ in/rum5ts & ) ! voice1 :]eby !y h op5$ to !mselves a way to return to ! cele/ial regions1 z h likewise _m o!rs :o h employ$ _! sublime g5ius :ile on e>? 9 cultivat+ ! div9e sci5ces4 ,by ! amaz+ noise ( ?is s\nd ! e>s ( mank9d h be5 9 "s degree deaf5$2 & inde$ he>+ is ! dulle/ ( all ! human s5ses4 ,?us1 ! p :o dwell ne> ! cat>acts ( ! ,nile1 :i* are call$ ,catadupa#cdh1 are1 by ! excessive ro> :i* t riv] makes 9 precipitat+ itself f ^? l(ty m\nta9s1 entirely depriv$ ( ! s5se ( he>+4 ,& s inconceivably great is ?is s\nd :i* is produc$ by ! rapid motion ( ! :ole univ]se1 t ! human e> is no m capable ( receiv+ x ?an ! eye is able to look /eadfa/ly & directly on ! sun1 ^: beams easily dazzle ! /ronge/ sight4 ,:ile ,i 0 busi$ 9 admir+ ! sc5e ( wond]s1 ,i c\ld n help ca/+ my eyes e n[ & !n on ! e>?4 ,,xix4 ,on :i* ,africanus said1 ,i p]ceive t y are /ill employ$ 9 contemplat+ ! seat & resid5ce ( mank9d4 ,b if x appe>s to y s small1 z 9 fact x really is1 despise its vanities1 & fix y\r att5tion =ev] on ^! heav5ly objects4 ,is x possible t y %\ld atta9 any human applause or glory t is wor? ! cont5d+ =8 ,! e>?1 y see1 is peopl$ b 9 a v few places1 & ^?1 too1 ( small ext5t2 & !y appe> l s _m little spots ( gre5 scatt]$ ?r\gh va/1 uncultivat$ des]ts4 ,& ^? :o inhabit ! e>? are n only s remote f ea* o!r z to be cut (f f all mutual correspond5ce1 b _! situation be+ 9 oblique or contr>y p>ts ( ! globe1 or p]haps 9 ^? diametrically opposite to y\rs1 all expectation ( univ]sal fame mu/ fall to ! gr\nd4 ,,xx4 ,y may likewise obs]ve t ! same globe ( ! e>? is girt & surr\nd$ ) c]ta9 zones1 :]e( ^? two t are mo/ remote f ea* o!r1 & lie "u ! opposite poles ( heav51 are congeal$ ) fro/2 b t "o 9 ! middle1 :i* is f> ! l>ge/1 is scor*$ ) ! int5se heat ( ! sun4 ,! o!r two are habitable1 "o t[>ds ! s\?1 ! inhabitants ( :i* are y\r antipodes1 ) :om y h no connection2 ! o!r1 t[>ds ! nor?1 is t :i* y inhabit1 :]e( a v small "p1 z y may see1 falls to y\r %>e4 ,= ! :ole ext5t ( :at y see is1 z x 71 b a little isl&1 n>r[ at bo? ends & wide 9 ! middle1 :i* is surr\nd$ by ! sea :i* on e>? y call ! great ,atlantic ,ocean1 & :i*1 not)/&+ ?is magnific5t "n1 y see is v insignificant4 ,& ev5 9 ^! cultivat$ & well-kn[n c\ntries1 has y\rs1 or any ( our names1 ev] pass$ ! heights ( ! ,caucasus or ! curr5ts ( ! ,ganges8 ,9 :at o!r p>ts to ! nor? or ! s\?1 or :]e ! sun rises & sets1 w y\r names ev] be he>d8 ,& if we leave ^! out ( ! "q1 h[ small a space is !re left = y\r glory to spread itself abroad2 & h[ long w x rema9 9 ! memory ( ^? ^: m9ds are n[ full ( x8 ,,xxi4 ,besides all ?is1 if ! prog5y ( any future g5]ation %\ld wi% to transmit to _! po/]ity ! praises ( any "o ( u :i* !y h he>d f _! =efa!rs1 yet ! deluges & combu/ions ( ! e>?1 :i* mu/ necess>ily happ5 at _! de/9$ p]iods1 w prev5t our obta9+1 n only an et]nal1 b ev5 a durable glory4 ,&1 aft] all1 :at does x signify :e!r ^? :o %all h]eaft] be born talk ( y1 :5 ^? :o h liv$ be=e y1 ^: numb] 0 p]haps n less1 & ^: m]it c]ta9ly great]1 7 n s mu* z acqua9t$ ) y\r "n8 ,,xxii4 ,especially s9ce n "o ( ^? :o %all he> ( u is able to reta9 9 8 memory ! transactions ( a s+le ye>4 ,! bulk ( mank9d1 inde$1 measure _! ye> by ! return ( ! sun1 :i* is only "o />4 ,b :5 all ! />s %all h return$ to ! place :5ce !y set out1 & aft] long p]iods %all aga9 exhibit ! same aspect ( ! :ole heav5s1 t is :at ought prop]ly to be call$ ! revolution ( a ye>1 ?\gh ,i sc>cely d>e attempt to enum]ate ! va/ multitude ( ages conta9$ 9 x4 ,= z ! sun 9 old "t 0 eclips$1 & seem$ to be ext+ui%$1 at ! "t :5 ! s\l ( ,romulus p5etrat$ into ^! et]nal mansions1 s1 :5 all ! con/ellations & />s %all rev]t to _! prim>y position1 & ! sun %all at ! same po9t & "t be aga9 eclips$1 !n y may consid] t ! gr& ye> is complet$4 ,be assur$1 h[ev]1 t ! tw5tie? "p ( x is n yet elaps$4 ,,xxiii4 ,:]e=e1 if y h no hopes ( return+ to ?is place :]e great & good m5 enjoy all t _! s\ls c wi% =1 ( :at value1 pray1 is all t human glory1 :i* c h>dly endure = a small portion ( "o ye>8 ,if1 !n1 y wi% to elevate y\r views to ! contemplation ( ?is et]nal seat ( spl5dor1 y w n be satisfi$ ) ! praises ( y\r fell[-mortals1 nor ) any human rew>ds t y\r exploits c obta92 b ,virtue h]self mu/ po9t out to y ! true & only object wor?y ( y\r pursuit4 ,leave to o!rs to speak ( y z !y may1 = speak !y w4 ,_! disc\rses w be conf9$ to ! n>r[ limits ( ! c\ntries y see1 nor w _! duration be v ext5sive2 = !y w p]i% l ^? :o utt] !m1 & w be no m rememb]$ by _! po/]ity4 ,,xxiv4 ,:5 he _h ceas$ to speak 9 ?is mann]1 ,i said1 ,o ,africanus1 if inde$ ! door ( heav5 is op5 to ^? :o h des]v$ well ( _! c\ntry1 al?\gh1 inde$1 f my *ildhood ,i h always foll[$ y\rs & my fa!r's /eps1 & h n neglect$ to imitate y\r glory1 /ill1 ,i w f h5ce=? /rive to foll[ !m m closely4 ,foll[ !m1 !n1 said he1 & consid] y\r body only1 n y\rself1 z mortal4 ,= x is n y\r outw>d =m :i* con/itutes y\r be+1 b y\r m9d2 n t sub/ance :i* is palpable to ! s5ses1 b y\r spiritual nature4 ,"k1 !n1 t y are a ,god--= a ,god x mu/ be1 :i* fl\ri%es1 & feels1 & recollects1 & =esees1 & gov]ns1 regulates & moves ! body ov] :i* x is set1 z ! ,supreme ,rul] does ! _w :i* is subject to him4 ,= z t ,et]nal ,be+ moves :atev] is mortal 9 ?is _w1 s ! immortal m9d ( man moves ! frail body ) :i* x is connect$4 ,,xxv4 ,= :atev] is always mov+ mu/ be et]nal2 b t :i* d]ives its motion f a p[] :i* is =eign to itself1 :5 t motion ceases mu/ itself lose its animation4 ,t alone1 !n1 :i* moves itself c nev] cease to be mov$1 because x c nev] des]t itself4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be ! s\rce1 & orig91 & pr9ciple ( motion 9 all ! re/4 ,!re c be no?+ prior to a pr9ciple1 = all ?+s mu/ orig9ate f x2 & x _c itself d]ive its exi/5ce f any o!r s\rce1 = if x did x w\ld no long] be a pr9ciple4 ,& if x _h no beg9n+1 x c h no end2 = a beg9n+ t is put an end to w nei!r be r5ew$ by any o!r cause1 nor w x produce any?+ else ( itself4 ,all ?+s1 !re=e1 mu/ orig9ate f "o s\rce4 ,?us x foll[s t motion mu/ h its s\rce 9 some?+ :i* is mov$ by itself1 & :i* c nei!r h a beg9n+ nor an end4 ,o!rwise all ! heav5s & all nature mu/ p]i%1 = x is impossible t !y c ( !mselves acquire any p[] ( produc+ motion 9 !mselves4 ,,xxvi4 ,z1 !re=e1 x is pla9 t :at is mov$ by itself mu/ be et]nal1 :o w d5y t ?is is ! g5]al condition & nature ( m9ds8 ,= z ev]y?+ is inanimate :i* is mov$ by an impulse ext]ior to itself1 s :at is animat$ is mov$ by an int]ior impulse ( its own2 = ?is is ! peculi> nature & p[] ( m9d4 ,& if t alone has ! p[] ( self-motion1 x c nei!r h _h a beg9n+1 nor c x h an end4 ,d y1 !re=e1 ex]cise ?is m9d ( y\rs 9 ! be/ pursuits4 ,& ! be/ pursuits are ^? :i* consi/ 9 promot+ ! good ( y\r c\ntry4 ,su* employm5ts w spe$ ! flight ( y\r m9d to ?is its prop] abode2 & its flight w be /ill m rapid1 if1 ev5 :ile x is enclos$ 9 ! body1 x w look abroad1 & dis5gage itself z mu* z possible f its bodily dwell+1 by ! contemplation ( ?+s :i* are ext]nal to itself4 ,?is x %\ld d to ! utmo/ ( its p[]4 ,= ! m9ds ( ^? :o h giv5 !mselves up to ! pleasures ( ! body1 pay+1 z x 71 a s]vile ob$i5ce to _! lu/ful impulses1 h violat$ ! laws ( ,god & man2 & !re=e1 :5 !y are sep>at$ f _! bodies1 flutt] cont9ually r\nd ! e>? on :i* !y liv$1 & are n all[$ to return to ?is cele/ial region till !y h be5 purifi$ by ! revolution ( _m ages4 ,?us say+1 he vani%$1 & ,i awoke f my dream4 ,a ,,fragm5t4 ,& al?\gh x is mo/ desirable t =tune %\ld rema9 =ev] 9 ! mo/ brilliant possible condition1 nev]!less1 ! equability ( life excites less int]e/ ?an ^? *angeable conditions :]e9 prosp]ity sudd5ly revives out ( ! mo/ desp]ate & ru9\s circum/ances4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,ar*ilo*us 0 a native ( ,p>os1 & fl\ri%$ ab\t #gad-fgf ,b4,c4 ,8 poems 7 *iefly ,iambics ( bitt] satire4 ,horace speaks ( him z ! inv5tor ( ,iambics1 & calls himself 8 pupil4 ,p>ios ego primus ,iambos ,o/5di ,latio1 num]os animosque secutus ,ar*ilo*i1 non res et ag5tia v]ba ,lycamb54 ,epi/4 ,i4 xix4 #be4 ,& 9 ano!r place he says1 ,ar*ilo*um proprio rabies armavit ,iambo--,a4,p4 #gd4 #b ,?is 0 ,livius ,&ronicus3 he is suppos$ to h be5 a native ( ,t>5tum1 & he 0 made prison] by ! ,romans1 dur+ _! w>s 9 ,s\!rn ,italy2 ow+ to :i* he became ! slave ( ,m4 ,livius ,sal9ator4 ,he wrote bo? com$ies & trag$ies1 ( :i* ,cic]o 7,brutus #ah7 speaks v contemptu\sly1 z ,livian fabul non satis dign qu it]um legantur--n wor? read+ a second "t4 ,he also wrote a ,lat9 ,odyssey1 & "s hymns1 & di$ probably ab\t #bba ,b4,c4 #c ,c4 ,fabius1 surnam$ ,pictor1 pa9t$ ! temple ( ,salus1 :i* ! dictator ,c4 ,junius ,brutus ,bubulus d$icat$ #cjb ,b4,c4 ,! temple 0 de/roy$ by fire 9 ! reign ( ,claudius4 ,! pa9t+ is highly prais$ by ,dionysius1 xvi4 #f4 #d ,= an acc\nt ( ! anci5t ,greek philosoph]s1 see ! sket* at ! end ( ! ,disputations4 #e ,isocrates 0 born at ,a!ns #dcf ,b4,c4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,gorgias1 ,prodicus1 & ,socrates4 ,he op5$ a s*ool ( rhetoric1 at ,a!ns1 ) great success4 ,he di$ by 8 own h& at ! age ( n9ety-eight4 #f ,s ,horace jo9s ^! two classes z inv5tors ( all k9ds ( improbable fictions3 ,pictoribus atque poetis ,quidlibet aud5di semp] fuit qua pote/as4--,a4 ,p4 #i4 ,:i* ,roscommon translates3 ,pa9t]s & poets h be5 /ill all['d ,_! p5cil & _! fancies unconf9$4 #g ,epi*>mus 0 a native ( ,cos1 b liv$ at ,meg>a1 9 ,sicily1 & :5 ,meg>a 0 de/roy$1 remov$ to ,syracuse1 & liv$ at ! c\rt ( ,hi]o1 :]e he became ! fir/ writ] ( com$ies1 s t ,horace ascribes ! inv5tion ( com$y to him1 & s does ,!ocritus4 ,he liv$ to a great age4 #h ,ph]ecydes 0 a native ( ,scyros1 "o ( ! ,cyclades2 & is said to h obta9$ 8 k f ! secret books ( ! ,pho5icians4 ,he is said also to h be5 a pupil ( ,pittacus1 ! rival ( ,?ales1 & ! ma/] ( ,py?agoras4 ,8 doctr9e 0 t !re 7 ?ree pr9ciples 7,greek3 ,zeus1 or !r2 ,greek3 ,*?n1 or ,*aos2 & ,greek3 ,*ronos1 or ,"t7 & f\r elem5ts 7,fire1 ,e>?1 ,air1 & ,wat]71 f :i* ev]y?+ t exi/s 0 =m$4--,vide ,smi?'s ,dict4 ,gr4 & ,rom4 ,biog4 #i ,ar*ytas 0 a native ( ,t>5tum1 & is said to h sav$ ! life ( ,plato by 8 influ5ce ) ! tyrant ,dionysius4 ,he 0 especially great z a ma!matician & geometrician1 s t ,horace calls him ,m>is et t]ra num]oque c>5tis ar5 ,m5sorem4 ,od4 i4 #bh4a4 ,plato is suppos$ to h le>n$ "s ( 8 views f him1 & ,ari/otle to h borr[$ f him e idea ( ! ,categories4 #aj ,?is 0 n ,timu ! hi/orian1 b a native ( ,locri1 :o is said also 9 ! ,de ,f9ibus 7c4 #bi7 to h be5 a tea*] ( ,plato4 ,!re is a treatise extant be>+ 8 "n1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 probably spuri\s1 & only an abridgm5t ( ,plato's dialogue ,timu4 #aa ,dicar*us 0 a native ( ,messana1 9 ,sicily1 ?\gh he liv$ *iefly 9 ,greece4 ,he 0 "o ( ! lat] disciples ( ,ari/otle4 ,he 0 a great geograph]1 politician1 hi/orian1 & philosoph]1 & di$ ab\t #bhe ,b4,c4 #ab ,ari/ox5us 0 a native ( ,t>5tum1 & also a pupil ( ,ari/otle4 ,we "k no?+ ( 8 op9ions except t he held ! s\l to be a h>mony ( ! body2 a doctr9e :i* _h be5 already discuss$ by ,plato 9 ! ,phd1 & combat$ by ,ari/otle4 ,he 0 a great musician1 & ! *ief portions ( 8 works :i* h come d[n to u are fragm5ts ( "s musical treatises4--,smi?'s ,dict4 ,gr4 & ,rom4 ,biog42 to :i* s\rce ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge my obligation = ne>ly ! :ole ( ^! biographical notes4 #ac ,! ,simonides "h meant is ! celebrat$ poet ( ,ceos1 ! p]fect] ( elegiac poetry among ! ,greeks4 ,he fl\ri%$ ab\t ! "t ( ! ,p]sian w>4 ,besides 8 poetry1 he is said to h be5 ! inv5tor ( "s me?od ( aid+ ! memory4 ,he di$ at ! c\rt ( ,hi]o1 #dfg ,b4,c4 #ad ,!odectes 0 a native ( ,phaselis1 9 ,pamphylia1 a di/+ui%$ rhetorician & tragic poet1 & fl\ri%$ 9 ! "t ( ,philip ( ,mac$on4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,isocrates1 & liv$ at ,a!ns1 & di$ !re at ! age ( =ty-"o4 #ae ,c9eas 0 a ,!ssalian1 & 7z is said 9 ! text7 came to ,rome z ambassador f ,pyrrhus aft] ! battle ( ,h]aclea1 #bhj ,b4,c41 & 8 memory is said to h be5 s great t on ! day aft] 8 arrival he 0 able to address all ! s5ators & knights by "n4 ,he probably di$ be=e ,pyrrhus return$ to ,italy1 #bgf ,b4,c4 #af ,*>madas1 call$ also ,*>mides1 0 a fell[-pupil ) ,philo1 ! ,l>issan ( ,clitoma*us1 ! ,c>?ag9ian4 ,he is said by "s au?ors to h f\nd$ a f\r? academy4 #ag ,metrodorus 0 a m9i/] ( ,mi?ridates ! ,great2 & employ$ by him z supreme judge 9 ,pontus1 & aft]w>d z an ambassador4 ,cic]o speaks ( him 9 o!r places 7,de ,orat4 ii4 #hh7 z a man ( wond]ful memory4 #ah ,qu9tus ,hort5sius 0 eight ye>s old] ?an ,cic]o2 &1 till ,cic]o's fame surpass$ 81 he 0 acc\nt$ ! mo/ eloqu5t ( all ! ,romans4 ,he 0 ,v]res's c\nsel 9 ! prosecution conduct$ aga9/ him by ,cic]o4 ,s5eca relates t 8 memory 0 s great t he c\ld come out ( an auction & repeat ! catalogue backw>d4 ,he di$ #ej ,b4,c4 #ai ,?is treatise is "o :i* has n come d[n to u1 b :i* _h be5 lately compos$ by ,cic]o 9 ord] to com=t himself = ! loss ( 8 daught]4 #bj ,! epigram is1 ,greek3 ,eipas ,hlie *aire1 ,kleombrotos ,hmbrakits hlat' aph' hypsl\ tei*eos eis ,aidn1 axion oud5 idn ?anat\ kakon1 alla ,platnos h5 to p]i psy*s gramm' analexam5os4 ,:i* may be translat$1 p]haps1 ,f>ewell1 ,o sun1 ,cleombrotus exclaim'd1 ,!n plung$ f (f a height b5ea? ! sea2 ,/ung by pa91 ( no disgrace a%am$1 ,b mov$ by ,plato's high philosophy4 #ba ,?is is allud$ to by ,juv5al3 ,provida ,pompeio d$]at ,campania febres ,opt&as3 s$ mult urbes et publica vota ,vic]unt4 ,igitur ,=tuna ipsius et ,urbis1 ,s]vatum victo caput ab/ulit4--,sat4 x4 #bhc4 #bb ,pompey's second wife 0 ,julia1 ! daught] ( ,julius ,cs>1 %e di$ ! ye> be=e ! dea? ( ,crassus1 9 ,p>?ia4 ,virgil speaks ( ,cs> & ,pompey z relations1 us+ ! same expression 7soc]7 z ,cic]o3 ,agg]ibus soc] ,alp9is atque arce ,monoeci ,desc5d5s1 g5] adv]sis in/ructus ,eois4--n4 vi4 #hcj4 #bc ,?is idea is beautifully exp&$ by ,byron3 ,yet if1 z holie/ m5 h deem'd1 !re be ,a l& ( s\ls beyond t sable %ore ,to %ame ! doctr9e ( ! ,sadducee ,& sophi/1 madly va9 or dubi\s lore1 ,h[ sweet x 7 9 conc]t to adore ,) ^? :o made our mortal labors light1 ,to he> ea* voice we fe>'d to he> no m4 ,behold ea* mighty %ade reveal'd to sight1 ,! ,bactrian1 ,samian sage1 & all :o taught ! "r6 ,*ilde ,h>old1 ii4 #bd ,! epitaph 9 ! orig9al is3 ,greek3 xe9' angeilon ,lak$aimoniois hoti tde keime?a1 tois ke9n pei?om5oi nomimois4 #be ,?is 0 express$ 9 ! ,greek v]ses1 ,greek3 ,ar*s m5 m phynai epi*?oniois9 ari/on1 phynta d' hops ki/a pylas ,aidyo p]sai :i* by "s au?ors are attribut$ to ,hom]4 #bf ,?is is ! fir/ fragm5t ( ! ,cresphontes4--,ed4 ,v>4 vii41 p4 #eid4 ,greek3 ,edei g> hmas syllogon poi\m5\s ,ton phynta ?rne91 eis hos' er*etai kaka4 ,ton d' au ?anonta kai ponn pepaum5on *airontas euphmo9tas ekpeme9 domn #bg ,! ,greek v]ses are quot$ by ,plut>*3 ,greek3 p\ npie1 li?ioi phr5es &rn ,eu?ynoos keitai moiridi ?anat ,ouk n g> ze9 kalon aut oute goneusi4 #bh ,?is ref]s to ! /ory t :5 ,eumolpus1 ! son ( ,neptune1 ^: assi/ance ! ,eleus9ians _h call$ 9 aga9/ ! ,a!nians1 _h be5 sla9 by ! ,a!nians1 an oracle dem&$ ! sacrifice ( "o ( ! daught]s ( ,ere*!us1 ! ,k+ ( ,a!ns4 ,& :5 "o 0 drawn by lot1 ! o!rs volunt>ily accompani$ h] to dea?4 #bi ,m5oeceus 0 son ( ,creon1 & 9 ! w> ( ! ,argives aga9/ ,!bes1 ,t]esias decl>$ t ! ,!bans %\ld conqu] if ,m5oeceus w\ld sacrifice himself = 8 c\ntry2 & accord+ly he kill$ himself outside ! gates ( ,!bes4 #cj ,! ,greek is1 ,greek3 mde moi aklau/os ?anatos moloi1 alla philoisi poisaimi ?ann algea kai /ona*as4 #ca ,soph4 ,tra*4 #ajdg4 #cb ,! l9es quot$ by ,cic]o "h appe> to h come f ! ,lat9 play ( ,prome!us by ,accius2 ! ideas are borr[$1 r ?an translat$1 f ! ,prome!us ( s*ylus4 #cc ,f ex]ceo4 #cd ,ea* soldi] c>ri$ a /ake1 to help =m a palisade 9 front ( ! camp4 #ce ,insania--f 91 a p>ticle ( negative =ce 9 composition1 & sanus1 heal?y1 s\nd4 #cf ,! man :o fir/ receiv$ ?is surname 0 ,l4 ,calpurnius ,piso1 :o 0 consul1 #acc ,b4,c41 9 ! ,s]vile ,w>4 #cg ,! ,greek is1 ,greek3 ,alla moi oidanetai kradi *ol hoppot' eke9\ ,mnsomai hos m' asyphlon en ,argeiois9 erex54--,il4 ix4 #fdb4 ,i h giv5 ,pope's translation 9 ! text4 #ch ,?is is f ! ,!seus3 ,greek3 ,eg de t\to p>a soph\ t9os ma?n eis phrontidas n\n symphoras t' eballomn phygas t' emaut pro/i!is patras ems4 ?anat\s t' ar\s1 kai kakn allas hod\s hs1 ei ti pas*oim' n edoxazon pote ,m moi neorton prospeson mallon dakoi4 #ci ,t]4 ,phorm4 ,,ii4 i4 #aa4 #dj ,?is ref]s to ! spee* ( ,agamemnon 9 ,euripides1 9 ! ,iphig5ia 9 ,aulis1 ,greek3 ,zl se1 g]on1 zl d' &rn hos ak9dynon bion exep]as'1 agns1 akles4--v4 #ae4 #da ,?is is a fragm5t f ! ,hypsipyle3 ,greek3 ,ephy m5 oudeis ho/is ou ponei brotn ?aptei te tekna *at]' au ktatai nea1 autos te ?nskei4 kai tad' a*?ontai brotoi eis gn ph]ontes gn anankais d' e*ei bion !rize9 h/e k>pimon /a*yn4 #db ,greek3 ,pollas ek kephals pro!lymn\s helketo *aitas4--,il4 x4 #ae4 #dc ,greek3 toi ho kapp$ion to ,alion oios alato hon ?ymon kat$n1 paton an?rpn alee9n4--,il4 vi4 #bja4 #dd ,?is is a translation f ,euripides3 ,greek3 ,h/h' him]os m' hypl! g te k' ouran lexai mol\s deuro ,mdeias ty*as4--,m$4 #eg4 #de ,greek3 ,lin g> polloi kai eptrimoi mata panta pipt\s91 pote k5 tis anapneuseie ponoio2 alla *r ton m5 kata?aptem51 hos ke ?ansi1 nlea ?ymon e*ontas1 ep' mati dakrysantas4-- ,hom4 ,il4 xix4 #bbf4 #df ,?is is "o ( ! fragm5ts ( ,euripides :i* we are unable to assign to any play 9 p>ticul>2 x occurs ,v>4 ,ed4 ,tr4 ,inc4 #afg4 ,greek3 ,ei m5 tod' m> prton n kak\m5 kai m makran d dia ponn enau/ol\n eikos sphadaze9 n an1 hs neozyga plon1 *al9on artis d$egm5on nyn d' amblys eimi1 kai katrtyks kakn4 #dg ,?is is only a fragm5t1 pres]v$ by ,/obu3 ,greek3 ,t\s d' an megi/\s kai sophtat\s phr5i toi\sd' idois an1 oios e/i nyn hode1 kals kaks prassonti symp>a9esai hotan de daimn &ros euty*\s to pr9 ma/ig' epis t\ bi\ pal9tropon1 ta polla phr\da kai kaks eirm5a4 #dh ,greek3 k4 ,ouk\n ,prom!u t\to gignskeis hoti orgs nos\ss eis9 iatroi logoi4 ,pr4 ean tis en kair ge mal?ass ke> kai m sphrignta ?ymon is*na9 bia4-- s*4 ,prom4 v4 #cgh4 #di ,cic]o alludes "h to ,il4 vii4 #baa1 :i* is ?us translat$ by ,pope3 ,8 massy javel9 quiv]+ 9 8 h&1 ,he /ood ! bulw>k ( ! ,grecian b&2 ,?r\gh e ,argive he>t new transport ran1 ,all ,troy /ood trembl+ at ! mighty man3 ,e'en ,hector paus$1 & ) new d\bt oppress'd1 ,felt 8 great he>t susp5d$ 9 8 brea/2 ',twas va9 to seek retreat1 & va9 to fe>1 ,himself _h *all5g$1 & ! foe drew ne>4 ,b ,melmo? 7,note on ! ,famili> ,lett]s ( ,cic]o1 book ii4 ,let4 #bc7 rightly accuses ,cic]o ( hav+ misund]/ood ,hom]1 :o by no means repres5ts ,hector z be+ ?us totally dismay$ at ! approa* ( 8 adv]s>y2 &1 inde$1 x w\ld h be5 inconsi/5t ) ! g5]al "* ( t h]o to h describ$ him "u su* circum/ances ( t]ror4 ,greek3 ,ton de kai ,argeioi meg' eg!on eisorontes1 ,trz de tromos a9os hyply! gyia heka/on1 ,hektori d' aut ?ymos eni /!ssi patass54 ,b !re is a great diff]5ce1 z ,dr4 ,cl>ke rem>ks1 betwe5 ,greek3 ?ymos eni /!ssi patass5 & ,greek3 k>de ex /!n e?rsk51 or ,greek3 tromos a9os hyply! gyia4--,! ,trojans1 says ,hom]1 trembl$ at ! sight ( ,ajax1 & ev5 ,hector himself felt "s emotion 9 8 brea/4 #ej ,cic]o means ,scipio ,nasica1 :o1 9 ! riots consequ5t on ! reelection ( ,tib]ius ,grac*us to ! tribunate1 #acc ,b4,c41 hav+ call$ 9 va9 on ! consul1 ,mucius ,scvola1 to save ! republic1 attack$ ,grac*us himself1 :o 0 sla9 9 ! tumult4 #ea ,morosus is evid5tly d]iv$ f mores--,morosus1 mos1 /ubbornness1 self-w1 etc4--,riddle & ,arnold1 ,lat4 ,dict4 #eb ,9 ! orig9al !y run ?us3 ,greek3 ,ouk e/9 oud5 de9on hd' eipe9 epos1 ,oude pa?os1 oude xymphora !latos hs ouk an aroit' a*?os an?rpon physis4 #ec ,?is passage is f ! ,eunu* ( ,t]5ce1 act i41 sc4 #a1 #ad4 #ed ,^! v]ses are f ! ,atreus ( ,accius4 #ee ,?is 0 ,m>cus ,atilius ,regulus1 ! /ory ( ^: treatm5t by ! ,c>?ag9ians 9 ! fir/ ,punic ,w> is well kn[n to ev]ybody4 #ef ,?is 0 ,qu9tus ,s]vilius ,cpio1 :o1 #aje ,b4,c41 0 de/roy$1 ) 8 army1 by ! ,cimbri1 x 0 believ$ z a judgm5t = ! covet\sness :i* he _h display$ 9 ! plund] ( ,tolosa4 #eg ,?is 0 ,m>cus ,aquilius1 :o1 9 ! ye> #hh ,b4,c41 0 s5t aga9/ ,mi?ridates z "o ( ! consul> legates2 &1 be+ defeat$1 0 deliv]$ up to ! k+ by ! inhabitants ( ,mityl5e4 ,mi?ridates put him to dea? by p\r+ molt5 gold d[n 8 ?roat4 #eh ,?is 0 ! eld] bro!r ( ! triumvir ,m>cus ,crassus1 #hg ,b4,c4 ,he 0 put to dea? by ,fimbria1 :o 0 9 comm& ( "s ( ! troops ( ,m>ius4 #ei ,lucius ,cs> & ,caius ,cs> 7 relations 7x is unc]ta9 9 :at degree7 ( ! great ,cs>1 & 7 kill$ by ,fimbria on ! same occasion z ,octavius4 #fj ,m4 ,antonius 0 ! gr&fa!r ( ! triumvir2 he 0 murd]$ ! same ye>1 #hg ,b4,c41 by ,annius1 :5 ,m>ius & ,c9na took ,rome4 #fa ,?is /ory is allud$ to by ,horace3 ,di/rictus ensis cui sup] impi ,c]vice p5det non ,sicul dapes ,dulcem elaborabunt saporem1 ,non avium ci?>ve cantus ,somnum r$uc5t4--iii4 #a4 #ag4 #fb ,hi]onymus 0 a ,rhodian1 & a pupil ( ,ari/otle1 fl\ri%+ ab\t #cjj ,b4,c4 ,he is frequ5tly m5tion$ by ,cic]o4 #fc ,we "k v little ( ,d9oma*us4 ,"s ,,mss4 h ,clitoma*us4 #fd ,callipho 0 9 all probability a pupil ( ,epicurus1 b we h no c]ta9 in=mation ab\t him4 #fe ,diodorus 0 a ,syrian1 & succe$$ ,critolaus z ! head ( ! ,p]ipatetic ,s*ool at ,a!ns4 #ff ,ari/o 0 a native ( ,ceos1 & a pupil ( ,lycon1 :o succe$$ ,/raton z ! head ( ! ,p]ipatetic ,s*ool1 #bgj ,b4,c4 ,he aft]w>d himself succe$$ ,lycon4 #fg ,pyrrho 0 a native ( ,elis1 & ! orig9ator ( ! sceptical !ories ( "s ( ! anci5t philosoph]s4 ,he 0 a contempor>y ( ,alex&]4 #fh ,h]illus 0 a disciple ( ,z5o ( ,cittium1 & !re=e a ,/oic4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 foll[ all ! op9ions ( 8 ma/]3 he held t k 0 ! *ief good4 ,"s ( ! treatises ( ,clean!s 7 writt5 expressly to confute him4 #fi ,ana*>sis 0 7,h]od41 iv41 #gf7 son ( ,gnurus & bro!r ( ,saulius1 ,k+ ( ,?race4 ,he came to ,a!ns :ile ,solon 0 occupi$ 9 fram+ laws = 8 p2 & by ! simplicity ( 8 way ( liv+1 & 8 acute obs]vations on ! mann]s ( ! ,greeks1 he excit$ su* g5]al admiration t he 0 reckon$ by "s writ]s among ! ,sev5 ,wise ,m5 ( ,greece4 #gj ,?is 0 ,appius ,claudius ,ccus1 :o 0 c5sor #caj ,b4,c41 & :o1 accord+ to ,livy1 0 afflict$ ) bl9dness by ! ,gods = p]suad+ ! ,potitii to in/ruct ! public s]vants 9 ! way ( sacrific+ to ,h]cules4 ,he x 0 :o made ! ,via ,appia4 #ga ,! fact ( ,hom]'s bl9dness re/s on a passage 9 ! ,hymn to ,apollo1 quot$ by ,?ucydides z a g5u9e "w ( ,hom]1 & :i* is ?us spok5 ( by "o ( ! mo/ accompli%$ s*ol>s t ?is c\ntry or ?is age has ev] produc$3 ,!y are inde$ beautiful v]ses2 & if none worse _h ev] be5 attribut$ to ,hom]1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,poets w\ld h _h little reason to compla94 ,he has be5 describ+ ! ,delian fe/ival 9 honor ( ,apollo & ,diana1 & concludes ?is "p ( ! poem ) an address to ! wom5 ( t isl&1 to :om x is to be suppos$ t he _h become famili>ly kn[n by 8 frequ5t recitations3 ,greek3 ,*airete d' hymeis pasai1 emeio de kai metopi/he mnsa/h'1 hoppote k5 tis epi*?onin an?rpn en?ad' aneirtai xe9os talapeirios el?n k\rai1 tis d' hymm9 anr hdi/os aoidn en?ade pleitai kai te t]pe/he mali/a2 hymeis d' eu mala pasai hypokr9a/he aph' hmn1 ,typhlos anr1 oikei de ,*i eni paipaloess1 t\ pasai metopi/h5 ari/eu\s9 aoidai4 ,virg9s1 f>ewell--& oh6 rememb] me ,h]eaft]1 :5 "s /rang] f ! sea1 ,a hapless w&]]1 may y\r isle explore1 ,& ask y1 ',maids1 ( all ! b>ds y boa/1 ,:o s+s ! sweete/1 & delights y mo/8' ,oh6 answ] all1 ',a bl9d old man1 & poor1 ,sweete/ he s+s1 & dwells on ,*ios' rocky %ore4' ,col]idge's ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ! ,greek ,classic ,poets4 #gb ,"s read sci5tiam & "s insci5tiam2 ! latt] ( :i* is pref]r$ by "s ( ! be/ editors & comm5tators4 #gc ,= a %ort acc\nt ( ^! anci5t ,greek philosoph]s1 see ! sket* prefix$ to ! ,academics 7,classical ,libr>y74 #gd ,cic]o wrote 8 philosophical works 9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s ( 8 life4 ,:5 he wrote ?is piece1 he 0 9 ! sixty-?ird ye> ( 8 age1 9 ! ye> ( ,rome #gji4 #ge ,! ,academic4 #gf ,diodorus & ,posidonius 7 ,/oics2 ,philo & ,antio*us 7 ,academics2 b ! latt] aft]w>d incl9$ to ! doctr9e ( ! ,/oics4 #gg ,julius ,cs>4 #gh ,cic]o 0 "o ( ! ,college ( ,augurs4 #gi ,! ,lat9 ,f]i 0 orig9ally a fe/ival ( ! ,lat9s1 alt]$ by ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus into a ,roman "o4 ,x 0 held 9 ! ,alban ,m\nt1 9 honor ( ,jupit] ,lati>is4 ,?is holiday la/$ six days3 x 0 n held at any fix$ "t2 b ! consul 0 nev] all[$ to take ! field till he _h held !m4--,vide ,smi?1 ,dict4 ,gr4 & ,rom4 ,ant41 p4 #dad4 #hj ,exh$ra1 ! ^w us$ by ,cic]o1 means a /udy1 or place :]e disputes 7 held4 #ha ,m4 ,piso 0 a ,p]ipatetic4 ,! f\r great sects 7 ! ,/oics1 ! ,p]ipatetics1 ! ,academics1 & ! ,epicureans4 #hb ,x 0 a prevail+ t5et ( ! ,academics t !re is no c]ta9 k4 #hc ,! five =ms ( ,plato are ^!3 ,greek3 ousia1 tauton1 het]on1 /asis1 k9sis4 #hd ,! f\r natures "h to be und]/ood are ! f\r elem5ts--fire1 wat]1 air1 & e>?2 :i* are m5tion$ z ! f\r pr9ciples ( ,emp$ocles by ,diog5es ,la]tius4 #he ,^! five mov+ />s are ,saturn1 ,jupit]1 ,m>s1 ,m]cury1 & ,v5us4 ,_! revolutions are consid]$ 9 ! next book4 #hf ,or1 ,g5]ation ( ! ,gods4 #hg ,! ,greek3 prolpsis ( ,epicurus1 be=e m5tion$1 is :at he "h means4 #hh ,greek3 ,/]emnia is ! ^w :i* ,epicurus us$ to di/+ui% betwe5 ^? objects :i* are p]ceptible to s5se1 & ^? :i* are imp]ceptible2 z ! ess5ce ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 & ! v>i\s op]ations ( ! div9e p[]4 #hi ,z5o "h m5tion$ is n ! same t ,cotta spoke ( be=e4 ,?is 0 ! f\nd] ( ! ,/oics4 ,! o!r 0 an ,epicurean philosoph] :om he _h he>d at ,a!ns4 #ij ,t is1 !re w\ld be ! same unc]ta9ty 9 heav5 z is among ! ,academics4 #ia ,^? nations :i* 7 nei!r ,greek nor ,roman4 #ib ,sigilla num]antes is ! common read+2 b ,p4 ,manucius proposes v5]antes1 :i* ,i *oose z ! bett] ( ! two1 & 9 :i* s5se ,i h translat$ x4 #ic ,fundam5tal doctr9es4 #id ,t is1 ! zodiac4 #ie ,! moon1 z well z ! sun1 is inde$ 9 ! zodiac1 b %e does n measure ! same c\rse 9 a mon?4 ,%e moves 9 ano!r l9e ( ! zodiac ne>] ! e>?4 #if ,accord+ to ! doctr9es ( ,epicurus1 none ( ^! bodies !mselves are cle>ly se51 b simulacra ex corporibus efflu5tia4 #ig ,epicurus taught 8 disciples 9 a g>d54 #ih ,by ! ^w ,deus1 z (t5 us$ by our au?or1 we are to und]/& all ! ,gods 9 t !ology !n treat$ (1 & n a s+le p]sonal ,deity4 #ii ,! be/ comm5tators on ?is passage agree t ,cic]o does n mean t ,ari/otle affirm$ t !re 0 no su* p]son z ,orpheus1 b t !re 0 no su* poet1 & t ! v]se call$ ,orphic 0 said to be ! inv5tion ( ano!r4 ,! passage ( ,ari/otle to :i* ,cic]o "h alludes has1 z ,dr4 ,davis obs]ves1 be5 long lo/4 #ajj ,a j proportion betwe5 ! diff]5t sorts ( be+s4 #aja ,"s give quos non pudeat e>um ,epicuri vocum2 b ! be/ copies h n non2 nor w\ld x be consi/5t ) ,cotta to say quos non pudeat1 = he ?r\gh\t repres5ts ,velleius z a p]fect ,epicurean 9 e article4 #ajb ,8 c\ntry 0 ,abd]a1 ! natives ( :i* 7 rem>kable = _! /upidity4 #ajc ,?is passage w n admit ( a translation answ]able to ! s5se ( ! orig9al4 ,cic]o says ! ^w amicitia 7fri5d%ip7 is d]iv$ f amor 7love or affection74 #ajd ,?is mann] ( speak+ ( ,jupit] frequ5tly occurs 9 ,hom]1 ----,greek3 patr &rn te !n te1 & has be5 us$ by ,virgil & o!r poets s9ce ,ennius4 #aje ,p]ses1 or ,p]seus1 ! la/ k+ ( ,mac$onia1 0 tak5 by ,cnu ,octavius1 ! prtor1 & br\ght z prison] to ,paullus milius1 #afg ,b4,c4 #ajf ,an exemption f s]v+ 9 ! w>s1 & f pay+ public taxes4 #ajg ,mopsus4 ,!re 7 two soo?say]s ( ?is "n3 ! fir/ 0 "o ( ! ,lapi?1 son ( ,ampycus & ,*loris1 call$ also ! son ( ,apollo & ,hi5antis2 ! o!r a son ( ,apollo & ,manto1 :o is said to h f\nd$ ,mallus1 9 ,asia ,m9or1 :]e 8 oracle exi/$ z late z ! "t ( ,/rabo4 #ajh ,tiresias 0 ! great ,!ban prophet at ! "t ( ! w> ( ! ,sev5 aga9/ ,!bes4 #aji ,amphi>aus 0 ,k+ ( ,argos 7he _h be5 "o ( ! ,argonauts also74 ,he 0 kill$ aft] ! w> ( ! ,sev5 aga9/ ,!bes1 :i* he 0 compell$ to jo9 9 by ! trea*]y ( 8 wife ,eriphyle1 by ! e>? op5+ & swall[+ him up z he 0 flee+ f ,p]iclym5us4 #aaj ,cal*as 0 ! prophet ( ! ,grecian army at ! siege ( ,troy4 #aaa ,hel5us 0 a son ( ,priam & ,hecuba4 ,he is repres5t$ z a prophet 9 ! ,philoctetes ( ,sophocles4 ,& 9 ! neid he is also repres5t$ z k+ ( "p ( ,epirus1 & z pr$ict+ to neas ! dang]s & =tunes :i* await$ him4 #aab ,?is %ort passage w\ld be v obscure to ! read] )\t an explanation f ano!r ( ,cic]o's treatises4 ,! expression "h1 ad inve/ig&um suem regiones v9e t]m9avit1 :i* is a metaphor too bold1 if x 0 n a sort ( augural language1 seems to me to h be5 ! effect ( c>elessness 9 our great au?or2 = ,navius did n divide ! regions1 z he calls !m1 ( ! v9e to f9d 8 s[1 b to f9d a grape4 #aac ,! ,p]emnia 7 a sort ( auspices p]=m$ j be=e ! pass+ a riv]4 #aad ,! ,acum9a 7 a milit>y auspices1 & 7 p>tly p]=m$ on ! po9t ( a spe>1 f :i* !y 7 call$ ,acum9a4 #aae ,^? 7 call$ te/am5ta 9 proc9ctu1 :i* 7 made by soldi]s j be=e an engagem5t1 9 ! pres5ce ( m5 call$ z witnesses4 #aaf ,?is especially ref]s to ! ,decii1 "o ( :om devot$ himself = 8 c\ntry 9 ! w> ) ! ,lat9s1 #cdj ,b4,c41 & 8 son imitat$ ! action 9 ! w> ) ! ,samnites1 #bie ,b4,c4 ,cic]o 7,tusc4 i4 #cg7 says t 8 son did ! same ?+ 9 ! w> ) ,pyrrhus at ! battle ( ,asculum1 ?\gh 9 o!r places 7,de ,(f4 iii4 #d7 he speaks ( only two ,decii z hav+ signaliz$ !mselves 9 ?is mann]4 #aag ,! ,rogator1 :o collect$ ! votes1 & pron\nc$ :o 0 ! p]son *os54 ,!re 7 two sorts ( ,rogators2 "o 0 ! (fic] "h m5tion$1 & ! o!r 0 ! ,rogator1 or speak] ( ! :ole assembly4 #aah ,:i* 0 ,s>d9ia1 z appe>s f "o ( ,cic]o's epi/les to 8 bro!r ,qu9tus4 #aai ,_! sacr$ books ( c]emonies4 #abj ,! w> betwe5 ,octavius & ,c9na1 ! consuls4 #aba ,?is1 9 ! orig9al1 is a fragm5t ( an old ,lat9 v]se1 ----,t]ram fum>e cal5tem4 #abb ,! ,lat9 ^w is pr9cipatus1 :i* exactly corresponds ) ! ,greek ^w "h us$ by ,cic]o2 by :i* is to be und]/ood ! sup]ior1 ! mo/ prevail+ excell5ce 9 e k9d & species ( ?+s ?r\gh ! univ]se4 #abc ,! passage ( ,ari/otle to :i* ,cic]o "h ref]s is lo/4 #abd ,he means ! ,epicureans4 #abe ,"h ! ,/oic speaks too pla9 to be misund]/ood4 ,8 _w1 8 mundus1 is ! univ]se1 & t univ]se is 8 great ,deity1 9 quo sit totius natur pr9cipatus1 9 :i* ! sup]ior excell5ce ( univ]sal nature consi/s4 #abf ,a!ns1 ! seat ( le>n+ & polit5ess1 ( :i* ,balbus w n all[ ,epicurus to be wor?y4 #abg ,?is is ,py?agoras's doctr9e1 z appe>s 9 ,diog5es ,la]tius4 #abh ,he "h alludes to ma!matical & geometrical in/rum5ts4 #abi ,balbus "h speaks ( ! fix$ />s1 & ( ! motions ( ! orbs ( ! planets4 ,he "h alludes1 says ,m4 ,bonhi]1 to ! diff]5t & diurnal motions ( ^! />s2 "o sort f ea/ to we/1 ! o!r f "o tropic to ! o!r3 & ?is is ! con/ruction :i* our le>n$ & great geometrician & a/ronom]1 ,dr4 ,halley1 made ( ?is passage4 #acj ,?is m5suration ( ! ye> into ?ree hundr$ & sixty-five days & ne> six h\rs 7by ! odd h\rs & m9utes ( :i*1 9 e fif? ye>1 ! dies int]cal>is1 or leap-ye>1 is made7 c\ld n b be kn[n1 ,dr4 ,halley /ates1 by ,hipp>*us1 z appe>s f ! rema9s ( t great a/ronom] ( ! anci5ts4 ,we are incl9$ to ?9k t ,julius ,cs> _h divid$ ! ye>1 accord+ to :at we call ! ,julian ye>1 be=e ,cic]o wrote ?is book2 = we see1 9 ! beg9n+ ( x1 h[ pa!tically he speaks ( ,cs>'s usurpation4 #aca ,! words ( ,c5sor9us1 on ?is occasion1 are to ! same effect4 ,! op9ions ( philosoph]s conc]n+ ?is great ye> are v diff]5t2 b ! in/itution ( x is ascrib$ to ,democritus4 #acb ,! zodiac4 #acc ,?\gh ,m>s is said to hold 8 orbit 9 ! zodiac ) ! re/1 & to f9i% 8 revolution ?r\gh ! same orbit 7t is1 ! zodiac7 ) ! o!r two1 yet ,balbus means 9 a diff]5t l9e ( ! zodiac4 #acd ,accord+ to late obs]vations1 x nev] goes b a sign & a half f ! sun4 #ace ,^!1 ,dr4 ,davis says1 are arial fires2 conc]n+ :i* he ref]s to ! second book ( ,pl9y4 #acf ,9 ! ,eunu* ( ,t]5ce4 #acg ,bac*us4 #ach ,! son ( ,c]es4 #aci ,! books ( ,c]emonies4 #adj ,?is ,lib]a is tak5 = ,pros]p9e1 :o1 ) h] bro!r ,lib]1 0 consecrat$ by ! ,romans2 all :i* are p>ts ( nature 9 prosopopoeias4 ,cic]o1 !re=e1 makes ,balbus di/+ui% betwe5 ! p]son ,lib]1 or ,bac*us1 & ! ,lib] :i* is a "p ( nature 9 prosopopoeia4 #ada ,^! allegorical fables are l>gely relat$ by ,hesiod 9 8 ,!ogony4 ,horace says exactly ! same ?+3 ,hc arte ,pollux et vagus ,h]cules ,enisus arces attigit igneas3 ,quos int] ,augu/us recumb5s ,purpureo bibit ore nect>4 ,hc te m]5tem1 ,bac*e pat]1 tu ,vex]e tigres indocili jugum ,collo f]5tes3 hc ,quir9us ,m>tis equis ,a*]onta fugit4--,hor4 iii4 #c4 #i4 #adb ,cic]o means by conv]sis casibus1 v>y+ ! cases f ! common rule ( decl5sion2 t is1 by dep>t+ f ! true grammatical rules ( spee*2 = if we w\ld keep to x1 we %\ld decl9e ! ^w ,jupit]1 ,jupit]is 9 ! second case1 etc4 #adc ,pat] divmque hom9umque4 #add ,! common read+ is1 planiusque alio loco idem2 :i*1 z ,dr4 ,davis obs]ves1 is absurd2 !re=e1 9 8 note1 he pref]s planius quam alia loco idem1 f two copies1 9 :i* s5se ,i h translat$ x4 #ade ,f ! v]b g]o1 to be>4 #adf ,t is1 "m e>?4 #adg ,janus is said to be ! fir/ :o erect$ temples 9 ,italy1 & in/itut$ religi\s rites1 & f :om ! fir/ mon? 9 ! ,roman cal5d> is d]iv$4 #adh ,/ell vagantes4 #adi ,noctu quasi diem effic]et4 ,b5 ,jonson says ! same ?+3 ,?\ t mak'/ a day ( night1 ,goddess excell5tly bright4--,ode to ! ,moon4 #aej ,olympias 0 ! "m ( ,alex&]4 #aea ,v5us is "h said to be "o ( ! names ( ,diana1 because ad res omnes v5iret2 b %e is n suppos$ to be ! same z ! "m ( ,cupid4 #aeb ,"h is a mi/ake1 z ,fulvius ,urs9us obs]ves2 = ! disc\rse seems to be cont9u$ 9 "o day1 z appe>s f ! beg9n+ ( ?is book4 ,?is may be an inadv]t5cy ( ,cic]o4 #aec ,! s5ate ( ,a!ns 0 s call$ f ! words ,greek3 ,areios ,pagos1 ! ,village1 "s say ! ,hill1 ( ,m>s4 #aed ,epicurus4 #aee ,! ,/oics4 #aef ,by nulla cohr5di natura--if x is ! "r1 z x is ! common read+--,cic]o mu/ mean ! same z by nulla cresc5di natura1 or coalesc5di1 ei!r ( :i* ,lamb9us proposes2 =1 z ! same le>n$ critic well obs]ves1 is !re n a cohesion ( p>ts 9 a clod1 or 9 a piece ( /one8 ,our le>n$ ,walk] proposes sola cohr5di natura1 :i* m5ds ! s5se v mu*2 & ,i wi% he _h ! au?ority ( any copy = x4 #aeg ,nasica ,scipio1 ! c5sor1 is said to h be5 ! fir/ :o made a wat]-clock 9 ,rome4 #aeh ,! ,epicureans4 #aei ,an old ,lat9 poet1 comm5d$ by ,qu9tilian = ! gravity ( 8 s5se & 8 l(t9ess ( /yle4 #afj ,! %eph]d is "h suppos$ to take ! /em or beak ( ! %ip = ! m\?1 f :i* ! ro>+ voices ( ! sailors came4 ,ro/rum is "h a lucky ^w to put 9 ! m\? ( "o :o nev] saw a %ip be=e1 z x is us$ = ! beak ( a bird1 ! sn\t ( a bea/ or fi%1 & = ! /em ( a %ip4 #afa ,! ,epicureans4 #afb ,greek1 ,greek3 ar2 ,lat91 a]4 #afc ,! treatise ( ,ari/otle1 f :5ce ?is is tak51 is lo/4 #afd ,to ! univ]se ! ,/oics c]ta9ly annex$ ! idea ( a limit$ space1 o!rwise !y c\ld n h talk$ ( a middle2 = !re c be no middle b ( a limit$ space3 inf9ite space c h no middle1 !re be+ inf9ite ext5sion f e "p4 #afe ,^! two contr>y rev]sions are f ! tropics ( ,canc] & ,capricorn4 ,!y are ! extreme b\nds ( ! sun's c\rse4 ,! read] mu/ obs]ve t ! a/ronomical p>ts ( ?is book are introduc$ by ! ,/oic z pro(s ( design & reason 9 ! univ]se2 &1 not)/&+ ! errors 9 8 planet>y sy/em1 8 int5t is well answ]$1 because all he means is t ! regul> motions ( ! heav5ly bodies1 & _! dep5d5cies1 are demon/rations ( a div9e m9d4 ,! inf]5ce propos$ to be drawn f 8 a/ronomical obs]vations is z j z if 8 sy/em 0 9 e "p unexceptionably "r3 ! same may be said ( 8 anatomical obs]vations4 #aff ,9 ! zodiac4 #afg ,ibid4 #afh ,^! v]ses ( ,cic]o are a translation f a ,greek poem ( ,aratus1 call$ ! ,phnom5a4 #afi ,! fix$ />s4 #agj ,! arctic & ant>ctic poles4 #aga ,! two ,arctoi are nor!rn con/ellations4 ,cynosura is :at we call ! ,less] ,be>2 ,helice1 ! ,great] ,be>2 9 ,lat91 ,ursa ,m9or & ,ursa ,major4 #agb ,^! />s 9 ! ,great] ,be> are vulg>ly call$ ! ,sev5 ,/>s1 or ! ,nor!rn ,wa92 by ! ,lat9s1 ,sept5triones4 #agc ,! ,less] ,be>4 #agd ,! ,great] ,be>4 #age ,exactly agreeable to ?is & ! foll[+ description ( ! ,dragon is ! same nor!rn con/ellation describ$ 9 ! map by ,flam/e$ 9 8 ,atlas ,coele/is2 & all ! figures "h describ$ by ,aratus ne>ly agree ) ! maps ( ! same con/ellations 9 ! ,atlas ,coele/is1 ?\gh !y are n all plac$ precisely alike4 #agf ,! tail ( ! ,great] ,be>4 #agg ,t is1 9 ,mac$on1 :]e ,aratus liv$4 #agh ,! true int]pretation ( ?is passage is z foll[s3 ,"h 9 ,mac$on1 says ,aratus1 ! head ( ! ,dragon does n entirely imm]ge itself 9 ! ocean1 b only t\*es ! sup]ficies ( x4 ,by ortus & obitus ,i d\bt n b ,cic]o meant1 agreeable to ,aratus1 ^? p>ts :i* arise to view1 & ^? :i* are remov$ f sight4 #agi ,^! are two nor!rn con/ellations4 ,engonasis1 9 "s catalogues call$ ,h]cules1 because he is figur$ kneel+ ,greek3 en gonas9 7on 8 knees74 ,greek3 ,engonas9 kale\s'1 z ,aratus says1 !y call ,engonasis4 #ahj ,! cr[n is plac$ "u ! feet ( ,h]cules 9 ! ,atlas ,coele/is2 b ,ophiu*us 7,greek3 ,ophi\*os71 ! ,snake-hold]1 is plac$ 9 ! map by ,flam/e$ z describ$ "h by ,aratus2 & _! heads almo/ meet4 #aha ,! ,scorpion4 ,ophiu*us1 ?\gh a nor!rn con/ellation1 is n f> f t "p ( ! zodiac :]e ! ,scorpion is1 :i* is "o ( ! six s\!rn signs4 #ahb ,! ,wa9 ( sev5 />s4 #ahc ,! ,wa9-driv]4 ,?is nor!rn con/ellation is1 9 our pres5t maps1 figur$ ) a club 9 8 "r h& beh9d ! ,great] ,be>4 #ahd ,9 "s mod]n maps ,arcturus1 a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 is plac$ 9 ! belt t is r\nd ! wai/ ( ,botes4 ,cic]o says subt] prcordia1 :i* is ab\t ! wai/2 & ,aratus says ,greek3 hypo zn1 "u ! belt4 #ahe ,sub caput ,arcti1 "u ! head ( ! ,great] ,be>4 #ahf ,! ,crab is1 by ! anci5ts & mod]ns1 plac$ 9 ! zodiac1 z "h1 betwe5 ! ,tw9s & ! ,lion2 & !y are all ?ree nor!rn signs4 #ahg ,! ,tw9s are plac$ 9 ! zodiac ) ! side ( "o to ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 & ! side ( ! o!r to ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,auriga1 ! ,*>iote]1 is plac$ 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e ne> ! zodiac1 by ! ,tw9s2 & at ! head ( ! ,*>iote] is ,helice1 ! ,great] ,be>1 plac$2 & ! ,goat is a bright /> ( ! fir/ magnitude plac$ on ! left %\ld] ( ?is nor!rn con/ellation1 & call$ ,capra1 ! ,goat4 ,ho$i1 ! ,kids1 are two m />s ( ! same con/ellation4 #ahh ,a con/ellation2 "o ( ! nor!rn signs 9 ! zodiac1 9 :i* ! ,hyades are plac$4 #ahi ,"o ( ! feet ( ,cepheus1 a nor!rn con/ellation1 is "u ! tail ( ! ,less] ,be>4 #aij ,grotius1 & aft] him ,dr4 ,davis1 & o!r le>n$ m51 read ,cassiepea1 aft] ! ,greek ,greek3 ,kassiepeia1 & reject ! common read+1 ,cassiopea4 #aia ,^! nor!rn con/ellations "h m5tion$ h be5 always plac$ toge!r z "o family ) ,cepheus & ,p]seus1 z !y are 9 our mod]n maps4 #aib ,?is alludes to ! fable ( ,p]seus & ,&rom$a4 #aic ,pegasus1 :o is "o ( ,p]seus & ,&rom$a's family4 #aid ,t is1 ) w+s4 #aie ,aries1 ! ,ram1 is ! fir/ nor!rn sign 9 ! zodiac2 ,pisces1 ! ,fi%es1 ! la/ s\!rn sign2 !re=e !y mu/ be ne> "o ano!r1 z !y are 9 a circle or belt4 ,9 ,flam/e$'s ,atlas ,coele/is "o ( ! ,fi%es is ne> ! head ( ! ,ram1 & ! o!r ne> ! ,urn ( ,aqu>ius4 #aif ,^! are call$ ,virgili by ,cic]o2 by ,aratus1 ! ,pleiades1 ,greek3 ,pliades2 & !y are plac$ at ! neck ( ! ,bull2 & "o ( ,p]seus's feet t\*es ! ,bull 9 ! ,atlas ,coele/is4 #aig ,?is nor!rn con/ellation is call$ ,fides by ,cic]o2 b x mu/ be ! same ) ,lyra2 because ,lyra is plac$ 9 our maps z ,fides is "h4 #aih ,?is is call$ ,ales ,avis by ,cic]o2 & ,i d\bt n b ! nor!rn con/ellation ,cygnus is "h to be und]/ood1 = ! description & place ( ! ,swan 9 ! ,atlas ,coele/is are ! same :i* ,ales ,avis has "h4 #aii ,pegasus4 #bjj ,! ,wat]-be>]1 "o ( ! six s\!rn signs 9 ! zodiac3 he is describ$ 9 our maps p\r+ wat] out ( an urn1 & lean+ ) "o h& on ! tail ( ,capricorn1 ano!r s\!rn sign4 #bja ,:5 ! sun is 9 ,capricorn1 ! days are at ! %orte/2 & :5 9 ,canc]1 at ! longe/4 #bjb ,"o ( ! six s\!rn signs4 #bjc ,sagitt>ius1 ano!r s\!rn sign4 #bjd ,a nor!rn con/ellation4 #bje ,a nor!rn con/ellation4 #bjf ,a s\!rn con/ellation4 #bjg ,?is is ,canis ,major1 a s\!rn con/ellation4 ,orion & ! ,dog are nam$ toge!r by ,hesiod1 :o fl\ri%$ _m hundr$ ye>s be=e ,cic]o or ,aratus4 #bjh ,a s\!rn con/ellation1 plac$ z "h 9 ! ,atlas ,coele/is4 #bji ,a s\!rn con/ellation1 s call$ f ! %ip ,argo1 9 :i* ,jason & ! re/ ( ! ,argonauts sail$ on _! exp$ition to ,col*os4 #baj ,! ,ram is ! fir/ ( ! nor!rn signs 9 ! zodiac2 & ! la/ s\!rn sign is ! ,fi%es2 :i* two signs1 meet+ 9 ! zodiac1 cov] ! con/ellation call$ ,argo4 #baa ,! riv] ,eridanus1 a s\!rn con/ellation4 #bab ,a s\!rn con/ellation4 #bac ,?is is call$ ! ,scorpion 9 ! orig9al ( ,aratus4 #bad ,a s\!rn con/ellation4 #bae ,a s\!rn con/ellation4 #baf ,! ,s]p5t is n m5tion$ 9 ,cic]o's translation2 b x is 9 ! orig9al ( ,aratus4 #bag ,a s\!rn con/ellation4 #bah ,! ,goblet1 or ,cup1 a s\!rn con/ellation4 #bai ,a s\!rn con/ellation4 #bbj ,antecanis1 a s\!rn con/ellation1 is ! ,little ,dog1 & call$ ,antecanis 9 ,lat91 & ,greek3 ,prokyn 9 ,greek1 because he rises be=e ! o!r ,dog4 #bba ,panstius1 a ,/oic philosoph]4 #bbb ,m]cury & ,v5us4 #bbc ,! proboscis ( ! elephant is frequ5tly call$ a h&1 because x is z useful to him z "o4 ,!y brea!1 dr9k1 & smell1 ) :at may n be improp]ly call$ a h&1 says ,pl9y1 bk4 viii4 c4 #aj4--;,,davis4 #bbd ,! passage ( ,ari/otle's works to :i* ,cic]o "h alludes is entirely lo/2 b ,plut>* gives a simil> acc\nt4 #bbe ,balbus does n tell u ! rem$y :i* ! pan!r makes use (2 b ,pl9y is n q s delicate3 he says1 excrem5tis hom9is sibi m$etur4 #bbf ,ari/otle says !y purge !mselves ) ?is h]b aft] !y fawn4 ,pl9y says bo? be=e & aft]4 #bbg ,! cuttle-fi% has a bag at its neck1 ! black blood ( :i* ! ,romans us$ = ink4 ,x 0 call$ atram5tum4 #bbh ,! ,euphrates is said to c>ry into ,mesopotamia a l>ge quantity ( citrons1 ) :i* x cov]s ! fields4 #bbi ,q4 ,curtius1 & "s o!r au?ors1 say ! ,ganges is ! l>ge/ riv] 9 ,india2 b ,ammianus ,m>cell9us concurs ) ,cic]o 9 call+ ! riv] ,indus ! l>ge/ ( all riv]s4 #bcj ,^! ,etesian w9ds return p]iodically once a ye>1 & bl[ at c]ta9 seasons1 & = a c]ta9 "t4 #bca ,"s read mollitur1 & "s molitur2 ! latt] ( :i* ,p4 ,manucius ju/ly pref]s1 f ! v]b molo1 molis2 f :5ce1 says he1 mol>es d5tes1 ! gr9d]s4 #bcb ,! weas&1 or w9dpipe4 #bcc ,! epiglottis1 :i* is a c>tilag9\s flap 9 ! %ape ( a tongue1 & !re=e call$ s4 #bcd ,cic]o is "h giv+ ! op9ion ( ! anci5ts conc]n+ ! passage ( ! *yle till x is conv]t$ to blood4 #bce ,:at ,cic]o "h calls ! v5tricles ( ! he>t are likewise call$ auricles1 ( :i* !re is ! "r & left4 #bcf ,! ,/oics & ,p]ipatetics said t ! n]ves1 ve9s1 & art]ies come directly f ! he>t4 ,accord+ to ! anatomy ( ! mod]ns1 !y come f ! bra94 #bcg ,! au?or means all musical in/rum5ts1 :e!r /r+ or w9d in/rum5ts1 :i* are holl[ & tortu\s4 #bch ,! ,lat9 v]sion ( ,cic]o is a translation f ! ,greek ( ,aratus4 #bci ,*rysippus's mean+ is1 t ! sw9e is s inactive & slo?ful a bea/ t life seems to be ( no use to x b to keep x f putrefaction1 z salt keeps dead fle%4 #bdj ,ales1 9 ! g5]al signification1 is any l>ge bird2 & osc9is is any s++ bird4 ,b !y "h mean ^? birds :i* are us$ 9 augury3 alites are ! birds ^: flight 0 obs]v$ by ! augurs1 & osc9es ! birds f ^: voices !y augur$4 #bda ,z ! ,academics d\bt$ ev]y?+1 x 0 indiff]5t to !m :i* side ( a "q !y took4 #bdb ,! keep]s & int]pret]s ( ! ,sibyll9e oracles 7 ! ,qu9decimviri4 #bdc ,! popul> "n ( ,jupit] 9 ,rome1 be+ look$ ^u z def5d] ( ! ,capitol 79 :i* he 0 plac$71 & /ay] ( ! ,/ate4 #bdd ,"s passages ( ! orig9al are "h want+4 ,cotta cont9ues speak+ aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ! ,/oics4 #bde ,! ^w sortes is (t5 us$ = ! answ]s ( ! oracles1 or1 r1 = ! rolls 9 :i* ! answ]s 7 writt54 #bdf ,?ree ( ?is em95t family sacrific$ !mselves = _! c\ntry2 ! fa!r 9 ! ,lat9 w>1 ! son 9 ! ,tuscan w>1 & ! gr&son 9 ! w> ) ,pyrrhus4 #bdg ,! ,/raits ( ,gibralt>4 #bdh ,! common read+ is1 ex quo anima dicitur2 b ,dr4 ,davis & ,m4 ,b\hi] pref] animal1 ?\gh !y keep anima 9 ! text1 because our au?or says else:]e1 animum ex anima dictum1 ,tusc4 ,i4 #a4 ,cic]o is n "h to be accus$ ( contradictions1 = we are to consid] t he speaks 9 ! *>act]s ( o!r p]sons2 b !re appe>s to be no?+ 9 ^! two passages irreconcilable1 & probably anima is ! "r ^w "h4 #bdi ,he is said to h l$ a colony f ,greece into ,c>ia1 9 ,asia1 & to h built a t[n1 & call$ x aft] 8 own "n1 = :i* 8 c\ntrym5 paid him div9e honors aft] 8 dea?4 #bej ,our great au?or is "u a mi/ake "h4 ,hom] does n say he met ,h]cules himself1 b 8 ,greek3 ,eidlon1 8 vision>y lik5ess2 & adds t he himself ,greek3 met' a?anatoisi !oisi t]petai en ?alis1 kai e*ei kallisphyr\ ,hbn1 paida ,dios megaloio kai ,hrs *rysop$il\4 :i* ,pope translates-- ,a %ad[y =m1 = high 9 heav5's abodes ,himself resides1 a ,god among ! ,gods2 ,!re1 9 ! bright assemblies ( ! skies1 ,he nect> quaffs1 & ,hebe cr[ns 8 joys4 #bea ,!y are said to h be5 ! fir/ work]s 9 iron4 ,!y 7 call$ ,idi1 because !y inhabit$ ab\t ,m\nt ,ida 9 ,crete1 & ,dactyli1 f ,greek3 daktyloi 7! f+]s71 _! numb] be+ five4 #beb ,f :om1 "s say1 ! city ( t "n 0 call$4 #bec ,cap$uncul seem to h be5 b[ls or cups1 ) h&les on ea* side1 set ap>t = ! use ( ! alt>4--,,davis4 #bed ,see ,cic]o de ,div9atione1 & ,ovid4 ,fa/4 #bee ,9 ! consul%ip ( ,piso & ,gab9ius sacrifices to ,s]apis & ,isis 7 prohibit$ 9 ,rome2 b ! ,roman p aft]w>d plac$ !m aga9 9 ! numb] ( _! gods4 ,see ,t]tullian's ,apol4 & 8 fir/ book ,ad ,nationes1 & ,arnobius1 lib4 #b4--;,,davis4 #bef ,9 "s copies ,circe1 ,pasiphae1 & a are m5tion$ toge!r2 b a is reject$ by ! mo/ judici\s editors4 #beg ,!y 7 ?ree1 & are said to h av]t$ a plague by (f]+ !mselves a sacrifice4 #beh ,s call$ f ! ,greek ^w ,greek3 ?aumaz1 to wond]4 #bei ,%e 0 fir/ call$ ,g]es1 f g]o1 to be>4 #bfj ,! ^w is precatione1 :i* means ! books or =ms ( pray]s us$ by ! augurs4 #bfa ,cotta's int5t "h1 z well z 9 o!r places1 is to %[ h[ unphilosophical _! civil !ology 01 & ) :at confusions x 0 emb>rass$2 :i* design ( ! ,academic ! read] %\ld c>efully keep 9 view1 or he w lose ! *a9 ( argum5t4 #bfb ,anactes1 ,greek3 ,anaktes1 0 a g5]al "n = all k+s1 z we f9d 9 ! olde/ ,greek writ]s1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ,hom]4 #bfc ,! common read+ is ,aleo2 b we foll[ ,lamb9us & ,davis1 :o _h ! au?ority ( ! be/ manuscript copies4 #bfd ,"s pref] ,ph?as to ,opas 7see ,dr4 ,davis's edition72 b ,opas is ! g5]ally receiv$ read+4 #bfe ,! ,lip>i ,isles4 #bff ,a t[n 9 ,arcadia4 #bfg ,9 ,arcadia4 #bfh ,a nor!rn p4 #bfi ,s call$ f ! ,greek ^w ,greek3 nomos1 lex1 a law4 #bgj ,he is call$ ,greek3 pis 9 "s old ,greek fragm5ts1 & ,greek3 ,oupis by ,callima*us 9 8 hymn on ,diana4 #bga ,greek3 ,sabazios1 ,sabazius1 is "o ( ! names us$ = ,bac*us4 #bgb ,"h is a wide *asm 9 ! orig9al4 ,:at is lo/ probably may h conta9$ great "p ( ,cotta's argum5ts aga9/ ! provid5ce ( ! ,/oics4 #bgc ,"h is "o expression 9 ! quotation f ,ccilius t is n commonly met )1 :i* is pr/igias pr/r9xit2 ,lamb9us gives pr/9xit1 = ! sake1 ,i suppose1 ( play+ on words1 because x might !n be translat$1 ,he has delud$ my delusions1 or /ratagems2 b pr/r9xit is c]ta9ly ! "r read+4 #bgd ,! anci5t ,romans _h a judicial z well z a milit>y prtor2 & he sat1 ) inf]ior judges att5d+ him1 l "o ( our *ief-ju/ices4 ,sessum x prtor1 :i* ,i d\bt n is ! "r read+1 ,lamb9us re/or$ f an old copy4 ,! common read+ 0 sessum ite precor4 #bge ,pic5um 0 a region ( ,italy4 #bgf ,! sex primi 7 g5]al receiv]s ( all taxes & tributes2 & !y 7 oblig$ to make good1 out ( _! own =tunes1 :atev] defici5cies 7 9 ! public treasury4 #bgg ,! ,ltorian ,law 0 a security = ^? "u age aga9/ extortion]s1 etc4 ,by ?is law all debts contract$ "u tw5ty-five ye>s ( age 7 void4 #bgh ,?is is f ,ennius-- ,ut9am ne 9 nemore ,pelio securibus ,csa cecidisset abiegna ad t]ram trabes4 ,translat$ f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,m$ea ( ,euripides-- ,greek3 ,md' en napaisi ,plion pese9 pote tm!isa peuk4 #bgi ,q4 ,fabius ,maximus1 surnam$ ,cunctator4 #bhj ,diog5es ,la]tius says he 0 p\nd$ to dea? 9 a /one mort> by comm& ( ,nicocreon1 tyrant ( ,cyprus4 #bha ,elea1 a city ( ,lucania1 9 ,italy4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,z5o 0 put to dea? is1 accord+ to ,diog5es ,la]tius1 unc]ta94 #bhb ,?is great & good man 0 accus$ ( de/roy+ ! div9ity ( ! ,gods ( 8 c\ntry4 ,he 0 condemn$1 & di$ by dr9k+ a glass ( poison4 #bhc ,tyrant ( ,sicily4 #bhd ,! common read+ is1 9 tympanidis rogum inlatus e/4 ,?is passage has be5 ! occasion ( z _m diff]5t op9ions conc]n+ bo? ! read+ & ! s5se z any passage 9 ! :ole treatise4 ,tympanum is us$ = a timbrel or drum1 tympanidia a dim9utive ( x4 ,lamb9us says tympana 7 /icks ) :i* ! tyrant us$ to beat ! condemn$4 ,p4 ,victorius sub/itutes tyrannidis = tympanidis4 #bhe ,! orig9al is de amissa salute2 :i* means ! s5t5ce ( bani%m5t among ! ,romans1 9 :i* 0 conta9$ ! loss ( goods & e/ate1 & ! privileges ( a ,roman2 & 9 ?is s5se ,l',abb d',olivet translates x4 #bhf ,! =ty-sev5? proposition ( ! fir/ book ( ,euclid is unanim\sly ascrib$ to him by ! anci5ts4 ,dr4 ,wotton1 9 8 ,reflections ^u ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,le>n+1 says1 ,x is inde$ a v noble proposition1 ! f\ndation ( trigonometry1 ( univ]sal & v>i\s use 9 ^? curi\s speculations ab\t incomm5surable numb]s4 #bhg ,^! votive tables1 or pictures1 7 hung up 9 ! temples4 #bhh ,?is passage is a fragm5t f a trag$y ( ,attius4 #bhi ,hipponax 0 a poet at ,ephesus1 & s de=m$ t ,bupalus drew a picture ( him to provoke laught]2 = :i* ,hipponax is said to h writt5 su* ke5 iambics on ! pa9t] t he hang$ himself4 ,lycambes _h promis$ ,ar*ilo*us ! poet to m>ry 8 daught] to him1 b aft]w>d retract$ 8 promise1 & refus$ h]2 ^u :i* ,ar*ilo*us is said to h publi%$ a satire 9 iambic v]se t provok$ him to hang himself4 #bij ,cic]o ref]s "h to an oracle approv+ ( 8 laws1 & promis+ ,sp>ta prosp]ity z long z !y 7 obey$1 :i* ,lycurgus procur$ f ,delphi4 #bia ,pro aris et focis is a prov]bial expression4 ,! ,romans1 :5 !y w\ld say _! all 0 at /ake1 c\ld n express x /rong] ?an by say+ !y cont5d$ pro aris et focis1 = religion & _! firesides1 or1 z we express x1 = religion & prop]ty4 #bib ,cic]o1 :o 0 an ,academic1 gives 8 op9ion accord+ to ! mann] ( ! ,academics1 :o look$ ^u probability1 & a resemblance ( tru?1 z ! utmo/ !y c\ld arrive at4 #bic ,i4e41 ,regulus4 #bid ,i4e41 ,fabius4 #bie ,x is unnecess>y to give an acc\nt ( ! o!r names "h m5tion$2 b t ( ,lnas is probably less kn[n4 ,he 0 ,publius ,popillius ,lnas1 consul #acb ,b4,c41 ! ye> aft] ! dea? ( ,tib]ius ,grac*us1 & x became 8 duty to prosecute ! accomplices ( ,grac*us1 = :i* he 0 aft]w>d attack$ by ,caius ,grac*us ) su* animosity t he )drew into volunt>y exile4 ,cic]o pays a tribute to ! en]gy ( ,opimius 9 ! fir/ ,oration aga9/ ,catil9e1 c4 iii4 #bif ,?is ph5om5on ( ! p>helion1 or mock sun1 :i* s puzzl$ ,cic]o's int]locutors1 has be5 v satisfactorily expla9$ by mod]n sci5ce4 ,! p>helia are =m$ by ! reflection ( ! sunbeams on a cl\d prop]ly situat$4 ,!y usually accompany ! coron1 or lum9\s circles1 & are plac$ 9 ! same circumf]5ce1 & at ! same height4 ,_! colors resemble t ( ! ra9b[2 ! r$ & yell[ are t[>ds ! side ( ! sun1 & ! blue & violet on ! o!r4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 coron sometimes se5 )\t p>helia1 & vice v]s4 ,p>helia are d\ble1 triple1 etc41 & 9 #afbi1 a p>helion ( five suns 0 se5 at ,rome1 & ano!r ( six suns at ,arles1 #afff4 #big ,!re is a little unc]ta9ty z to :at ?is age 01 b x 0 probably ab\t tw5ty-five4 #bih ,cic]o "h gives a v exact & correct acc\nt ( ! planet>ium ( ,ar*im$es1 :i* is s (t5 notic$ by ! anci5t a/ronom]s4 ,x no d\bt correspond$ 9 a great measure to our mod]n planet>ium1 or orr]y1 inv5t$ by ! e>l ( t "n4 ,?is elaborate ma*9e1 ^: manufacture requires ! mo/ exact & critical sci5ce1 is ( ! greate/ s]vice to ^? :o /udy ! revolutions ( ! />s1 = a/ronomic1 a/rologic1 or meteorologic purposes4 #bii ,! end ( ! f\rte5? *apt] & ! fir/ words ( ! fifte5? are lo/2 b x is pla9 t 9 ! fifte5? x is ,scipio :o is speak+4 #cjj ,!re is evid5tly "s error 9 ! text "h1 = ,ennius 0 born #eae ,a4,u4,c41 0 a p]sonal fri5d ( ! eld] ,africanus1 & di$ ab\t #ege ,a4,u4,c41 s t x is pla9 t we ought to read 9 ! text #eej1 n #cej4 #cja ,two pages are lo/ "h4 ,aft]w>d x is aga9 ,scipio :o is speak+4 #cjb ,two pages are lo/ "h4 #cjc ,bo? ,ennius & ,nvius wrote trag$ies call$ ,iphig5ia4 ,mai ?9ks ! text "h corrupt1 & expresses "s d\bt :e!r !re is a quotation "h at all4 #cjd ,he means ,scipio himself4 #cje ,!re is aga9 a hiatus4 ,:at foll[s is spok5 by ,llius4 #cjf ,aga9 two pages are lo/4 #cjg ,aga9 two pages are lo/4 ,x is evid5t t ,scipio is speak+ aga9 9 cap4 xxxi4 #cjh ,aga9 two pages are lo/4 #cji ,aga9 two pages are lo/4 #caj ,"h f\r pages are lo/4 #caa ,"h f\r pages are lo/4 #cab ,two pages are miss+ "h4 #cac ,a "n ( ,neptune4 #cad ,ab\t sev5 l9es are lo/ "h1 & !re is a great deal ( corruption & imp]fection 9 ! next few s5t5ces4 #cae ,two pages are lo/ "h4 #caf ,! ,lex ,curiata de ,imp]io1 s (t5 m5tion$ "h1 0 ! same z ! ,auctoritas ,patrum1 & 0 necess>y 9 ord] to conf] ^u ! dictator1 consuls1 & o!r magi/rates ! imp]ium1 or milit>y comm&3 )\t ?is !y _h only a pote/as1 or civil au?ority1 & c\ld n m$dle ) milit>y affairs4 #cag ,two pages are miss+ "h4 #cah ,"h two pages are miss+4 #cai ,i h translat$ ?is v corrupt passage accord+ to ,niebuhr's em5dation4 #cbj ,assiduus1 ab re d&o4 #cba ,prolet>ii1 a prole4 #cbb ,"h f\r pages are miss+4 #cbc ,two pages are miss+ "h4 #cbd ,two pages are miss+ "h4 #cbe ,"h twelve pages are miss+4 #cbf ,sixte5 pages are miss+ "h4 #cbg ,"h eight pages are miss+4 #cbh ,a great _m pages are miss+ "h4 #cbi ,sev]al pages are lo/ "h2 ! passage 9 brackets is f\nd 9 ,nonius "u ! ^w exulto4 #ccj ,?is & o!r *apt]s pr9t$ 9 small] type are g5]ally presum$ to be ( d\btful au!nticity4 #cca ,! beg9n+ ( ?is book is lo/4 ,! two fir/ p>agraphs come1 ! "o f ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ! o!r f ,lactantius4 #ccb ,eight or n9e pages are lo/ "h4 #ccc ,"h six pages are lo/4 #ccd ,"h twelve pages are miss+4 #cce ,we h be5 oblig$ to ins]t two or ?ree ( ^! s5t5ces betwe5 brackets1 :i* are n f\nd 9 ! orig9al1 = ! sake ( %[+ ! drift ( ! argum5ts ( ,philus4 ,he himself 0 fully conv9c$ t ju/ice & morality 7 ( et]nal & immutable obligation1 & t ! be/ int]e/s ( all be+s lie 9 _! p]petual developm5t & application4 ,?is et]nity ( ,ju/ice is beautifully illu/rat$ by ,montesquieu4 ,long1 says he1 be=e positive laws 7 in/itut$1 ! moral relations ( ju/ice 7 absolute & univ]sal4 ,to say t !re 7 no ju/ice or inju/ice b t :i* dep5ds on ! injunctions or prohibitions ( positive laws1 is to say t ! radii :i* spr+ f a c5tre are n equal till we h =m$ a circle to illu/rate ! proposition4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 ackn[l$ge t ! relations ( equity 7 antec$5t to ! positive laws :i* corroborat$ !m4 ,b ?\gh ,philus 0 fully conv9c$ ( ?is1 9 ord] to give 8 fri5ds ,scipio & ,llius an opportunity ( prov+ x1 he frankly br+s =w>d e argum5t = inju/ice t sophi/ry _h ev] ca/ 9 ! tee? ( reason4--,by ! orig9al ,translator4 #ccf ,"h f\r pages are miss+4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce is pres]v$ 9 ,nonius4 #ccg ,two pages are miss+ "h4 #cch ,sev]al pages are miss+ "h4 #cci ,he means ,alex&] ! ,great4 #cdj ,six or eight pages are lo/ "h4 #cda ,a great _m pages are miss+ "h4 #cdb ,six or eight pages are miss+ "h4 #cdc ,sev]al pages are lo/ "h4 #cdd ,?is & ! foll[+ *apt]s are n ! actual words ( ,cic]o1 b quotations by ,lactantius & ,augu/9e ( :at !y affirm t he said4 #cde ,twelve pages are miss+ "h4 #cdf ,eight pages are miss+ "h4 #cdg ,six or eight pages are miss+ "h4 #cdh ,catadupa1 f ,greek3 kata & ,greek3 doipos1 noise4