,,! ,,it9]>y ,,( ,,b5jam9 ,,( ,,tudela ,,critical ,,text1 ,,translation ,,& ,,comm5t>y ,,by ,,m>cus ,,na?an ,,adl]1 ,m4,a4 ,,philipp ,,feldheim1 ,,inc ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,! ,,jewi% ,,book ,,new ,,york ,,fir/ ,,edition3 ,,london #aijg publi%$ by ,,philipp ,,feldheim1 ,inc4 #if ,ea/ ,broadway ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4#ajjjb ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,j]usalem ,,israel ,,by ,s4 ,,monson ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,moritz ,,/e9s*neid] ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,map %[+ ,b5jam9's r\te 444 to face title page ,,introduction ,i4 ,islam 9 ! ,middle ,ages ,,ii4 ,! ,object ( ,b5jam9's ,j\rney ,,iii4 ,bibliography 444 xiii ,,! ,,it9]>y ,translation ( ,hebrew ,introduction ,,europe4 ,s>agossa1 ,b>celona1 ,n>bonne ,bezi]s1 ,montpelli]1 ,lunel ,posqui]es1 ,b\rg de ,/4 ,gilles1 ,arles1 ,m>seilles ,g5oa1 ,pisa1 ,lucca ,rome4 ,naples1 ,sorr5to1 ,sal]no ,amalfi1 ,b5ev5to1 ,melfi1 ,ascoli1 ,trani1 ,t>anto1 ,br9disi ,corfu1 ,arta1 ,patras1 ,lepanto1 ,crissa1 ,cor9?1 ,!bes ,walla*ia1 ,armylo1 ,viss5a1 ,salonica1 ,abydos4 ,con/ant9ople ,rha$e/us1 ,gallipoli1 ,*ios1 ,samos1 ,rhodes ,,asia4 ,cyprus1 ,curicus1 ,malmi/ras1 ,antio* ,antio*1 ,ladikiya1 ,gebela1 ! ,ha%i%im ,kadmus1 ,t>abulus 7,tripolis71 ,gubail 7,byblus7 ,beirut1 ,sidon1 ! ,druses1 ,tyre ,acre1 ,haifa1 ,c>mel4 ,caes>ea1 ,ludd1 ,sam>ia1 ,nabl\s4 ,! ,sam>itans ,j]usalem ,be?lehem1 ,hebron ,beit ,jibr91 ,%iloh1 ,ramah ,gibeah1 ,nob1 ,ramleh1 ,jaffa ,askelon1 ,jezreel1 ,sepphoris1 ,tib]ias ,m]on1 ,k$e% ,naphtali1 ,banias ,damascus ,galid1 ,sal*ah ,baalbec1 ,tadmor1 ,emesa1 ,hatna? ,%eiz>1 ,aleppo1 ,kalat ,jab>1 ,rakka ,h>ran1 ,ras-el-,a91 ,geziret ,ibn ,om> ,mosul ,rahbah1 ,k>kisiya1 ,el-,anb> ,had>a1 ,okb>a ,bagdad ,gazigan1 ,babylon ,hillah1 ,t[] ( ,babel1 ,kaphri ,sepul*re ( ,ezekiel ,kotsona?1 ,kef> ,al-,k]am1 ,kufa1 ,sura ,%afja?ib1 ,el-,anb>1 ,hillah ,kheib>1 ,teima1 ,tilmas & ,tanai 9 ,arabia ,basra1 ,khuzi/an1 ,%u%an ,sepul*re ( ,daniel ,rudb>1 ,nihaw&1 ,mulahid ,amadia1 ,hi/ory ( ,david ,alroy ,hamadan1 ,tab>i/an ,ispahan1 ,%iraz1 ,ghaznah ,sam>k&1 ,tibet1 ,naisabur ,exp$ition ( ,s9j> aga9/ ! ,ghuz ,khuzi/an1 ,isl& ( ,ki% ,katifa1 ,khulam 7,quilon71 ,india ,ibrig ,*9a1 ,sea ( ,nikpa ,al-,g+aleh1 ,zebid1 ,ad5 ,,africa4 ,abyss9ia & ,nubia1 ,egypt ,gana1 ,des]t ( ,sah>a1 ,fayum1 ,heluan ,cairo ,alex&ria ,damietta1 ,sunbat1 ,m\nt ,s9ai1 ,tur ,s9ai1 ,tanis ,,europe4 ,isl& ( ,sicily1 ,mess9a1 ,pal]mo1 ,italy ,g]many ,bohemia1 ,slavonia ,russia1 ,france1 ,p>is ,,engli% ,,index 99 99 99 99 99 ,,hebrew ,,text1 ) prefatory note 4444444 ,hebrew ,li/ ( em5dations ( ,text 44444444 ,hebrew ,,hebrew ,,index 444444444444444444444444444 ,hebrew 99 99 99 99 99 ,,introduction ,i4 ,,islam ,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,ages4 ,! ,it9]>y ( ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela ?r[s a fla%light ^u "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ /ages 9 ! developm5t ( nations4 ,! hi/ory ( ! civiliz$ _w f ! d[nfall ( ! ,roman ,empire to ! pres5t day may be summ>iz$ z ! /ruggle betwe5 ,cross & ,cresc5t4 ,?is /ruggle is *>act]iz$ by a p]si/5t ebb & fl[4 ,mohamm$ 9 #fbb ,a4,d4 trans=m$1 z if by magic1 a clu/] ( ,b$\9 tribes into a w>like p4 ,an ,arabian ,empire 0 =m$1 :i* rea*$ f ! ,ebro to ! ,indus4 ,its fur!r advance 0 /emm$ 9 ! ye> #gcb1 j a hundr$ ye>s aft] ,mohamm$'s dea?1 by ,*>les ,m>tel1 9 ! sev5 days' battle ( ,t\rs4 ,! progress ( ! culture ( ! ,arabs 0 z rapid z _h be5 t ( _! arms4 ,great cities su* z ,cairo & ,bagdad 7 built4 ,comm]ce & manufactures fl\ri%$4 ,! ,jews1 :o enjoy$ protection "u ! b5ign rule ( ! ,caliphs1 transmitt$ to ! ,arabs ! le>n+ & sci5ce ( ! ,greeks4 ,s*ools & univ]sities arose 9 all p>ts ( ! ,empire4 ,! d>k age ( ,*ri/5dom prov$ to be ! gold5 age ( lit]ature = ,jew & ,arab4 ,by ! elev5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 ! ,arabs _h lo/ mu* ( _! m>tial _s4 ,islam might h lo/ its asc5dancy 9 ! ,ea/ _h n ! w>like ,seljuk ,turks1 com+ f ! highl&s ( ,c5tral ,asia1 possess$ !mselves ( ! c\ntries :i*1 9 days ( old1 con/itut$ ! ,p]sian ,empire "u ,d>ius4 ,! ,seljuks became ready conv]ts to ,islam1 & upheld ! fail+ /r5g? ( ! ,arabs4 ,x 0 ! ill-treatm5t by ! ,seljuks ( ! ,*ri/ian pilgrims to ,pale/9e :i* ar\s$ ,*ri/ian ,europe & l$ to ! ,fir/ ,crusade4 ,! feudal sy/em adopt$ by ! ,seljuks caus$ endless diss5sion among _! petty sov]eigns1 call$ ,atabegs1 all ( :om 7 nom9ally vassals ( ! ,caliph at ,bagdad4 ,?us x came ab\t t ,islamism1 divid$ aga9/ itself1 (f]$ b a poor resi/ance to ! advance ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,crusad]s _h little difficulty 9 mak+ _! way to ,pale/9e4 ,!y captur$ ,j]usalem1 & e/abli%$ ! ,lat9 k+dom !re4 ,by ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury ,mohamm$an p[] _h %runk to small] dim5sions4 ,n only did ! ,franks hold ,pale/9e & all ! important po/s on ! ,syrian coa/1 b1 by ! capture ( ,less] ,arm5ia1 ,antio*1 & ,edessa1 !y _h driv5 a w$ge into ,syria1 & ext5d$ _! conque/s ev5 beyond ! ,euphrates4 ,at l5g? !re came a pause 9 ! decl9e ( ,islam4 ,z5gi1 a p[]ful ,seljuk ,atabeg1 9 #aadd captur$ ,edessa1 ! outpo/ ( ,*ri/5dom1 & ! ,second ,crusade1 l$ by ! ,emp]or ,conrad ( ,g]many & by ,k+ ,l\is ,,vii ( ,france1 fail$ to effect ! recapture ( ! =tress4 ,nur$d91 ! f>-sight$ son & successor ( ,z5gi1 & lat] on ,salad91 a ,kurd1 tra9$ at 8 c\rt1 discov]$ h[ to re/ore ! fall5 might ( ,islam & expel ! ,franks f ,asia4 ,a necess>y prelim9>y /ep 0 to put an end to ! diss5sions ( ! ,atabeg rul]s4 ,nur$d9 did ?is effectually by himself annex+ _! dom9ions4 ,8 next /ep 0 to ga9 possession ( ,egypt1 & !reby isolate ! ,lat9 ,k+dom4 ,g5oa1 ,pisa1 & ,v5ice1 ! ?ree ,italian republics :o betwe5 !m _h comm& ( ! sea1 7 too selfi% & too int5t ^u _! comm]cial int]e/s to int]f]e ) ! designs ( ! ,s>ac5s4 ,! ,lat9 k+ ,amalric _h = "s ye>s s\ght to ga9 a foo?old 9 ,egypt4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #aafh1 he l$ ! ,*ri/ian army z f> z ! ,nile1 & 0 ab\t to seize ,fo/at1 ! old un=tifi$ ,arab metropolis ( ,egypt4 ,! inhabitants1 h[ev]1 pref]r$ to set fire to ! city r ?an t x %\ld fall into ! h&s ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,to ?is v day _m traces may be se5 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,cairo ( ?is conflagration4 ,nur$d9's army1 9 :i* ,salad9 held a subord9ate comm&1 by a timely arrival on ! sc5e =c$ ! ,franks to retreat1 & ! ,s>ac5s 7 acclaim$ z deliv]]s4 ,! nom9al rul] ( ,egypt at t "t 0 ,el-,adid1 ! ,fatimite ,caliph1 & he made ,salad9 8 ,vizi]1 little ?9k+ t t mode/ (fic] w\ld soon supplant him4 ,s effici5tly did ,salad9 adm9i/] ! c\ntry t 9 a few mon?s x _h rega9$ its prosp]ity1 despite ! five ye>s' deva/at+ w> :i* _h prec$$4 ,at ?is juncture ! travell] ,rabbi ,b5jam9 came to ,egypt4 ,"s ?ree ye>s e>li] he _h left 8 native place--,tudela1 on ! ,ebro 9 ! nor? ( ,spa94 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! prosp]\s t[ns :i* lie on ! ,gulf ( ,lyons1 he visit$ ,rome & ,s\? ,italy4 ,f ,otranto he cross$ ov] to ,corfu1 trav]s$ ,greece1 & !n came to ,con/ant9ople1 ( :i* he gives an int]e/+ acc\nt4 ,v tell+1 = example1 are ! words3 ,!y hire f among/ all nations w>riors call$ ,b>b>ians to fight ) ! ,sultan ( ! ,seljuks2 = ! natives are n w>like1 b are z wom5 :o h no /r5g? to fight4 ,aft] visit+ ! ,isl&s ( ! ,aegean1 z well z ,rhodes & ,cyprus1 he pass$ on to ,antio*1 & foll[$ ! well-kn[n s\!rn r\te skirt+ ! ,m$it]ranean1 visit+ ! important cities along ! coa/1 all ( :i* 7 !n 9 ! h&s ( ! ,franks4 ,hav+ reg>d to ! /ra9$ relations betwe5 ! ,*ri/ians & ,s>ac5s1 & to ! fights & =ays ( ! ,lat9 knights1 we c und]/& t ,b5jam9 _h to foll[ a v circuit\s way to enable him to visit all ! places ( note 9 ,pale/9e4 ,f ,damascus1 :i* 0 !n ! capital ( ,nur$d9's empire1 he travell$ along ) safety until he rea*$ ,bagdad1 ! city ( ! ,caliph1 ( :om he has mu* to tell4 ,x is unlikely t he w5t f> into ,p]sia1 :i* at t "t 0 9 a *aotic /ate1 & :]e ! ,jews 7 mu* oppress$4 ,f ,basra1 at ! m\? ( ! ,tigris1 he probably visit$ ! isl& ( ,ki% 9 ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 :i* 9 ! ,middle ,ages 0 a great emporium ( comm]ce1 & !nce proce$$ to ,egypt by way ( ,ad5 & ,assuan4 ,b5jam9 gives u a vivid sket* ( ! ,egypt ( 8 day4 ,peace & pl5ty seem$ to prevail 9 ! c\ntry4 ,?is happy /ate ( ?+s 0 entirely due to ! wise measures tak5 by ,salad91 :o1 h[ev]1 kept himself s /udi\sly 9 ! backgr\nd1 t n ev5 8 "n is m5tion$ 9 ! ,it9]>y4 ,! deposition ( ! ,fatimite ,caliph on ,friday1 ,septemb] #aj1 #aaga1 & 8 subsequ5t dea?1 caus$ little /ir4 ,salad9 cont9u$ to gov]n ,egypt z ,nur$d9's lieut5ant4 ,9 due c\rse he made himself ma/] ( ,b>ca & ,tripoli2 !n he conqu]$ ,arabia ,felix & ! ,s\dan1 & aft] ,nur$d9's dea? he _h no difficulty 9 annex+ 8 old ma/]'s dom9ions4 ,! ,*ri/ian nations view$ 8 rapidly gr[+ p[] ) natural al>m4 ,ab\t t "t news _h rea*$ ,europe t a p[]ful ,*ri/ian k+ nam$ ,pre/] ,john1 :o reign$ ov] a p com+ f ,c5tral ,asia1 _h invad$ ,we/]n ,asia & inflict$ a cru%+ defeat ^u a ,moslem army4 ,pope ,alex&] ,,iii conceiv$ ! hope t a useful ally c\ld be f\nd 9 ?is prie/-k+1 :o w\ld support & uphold ! ,*ri/ian dom9ion 9 ,asia4 ,he accord+ly dispat*$ 8 physician ,philip on a mission to ?is my/]i\s pot5tate to secure 8 help aga9/ ! ,mohamm$ans4 ,! envoy nev] return$4 ,b5jam9 is "o ( ! v few writ]s ( ! ,middle ,ages :o gives u an acc\nt ( ^! subjects ( ,pre/] ,john4 ,!y 7 no o!r ?an ! infidels1 ! sons ( ,ghuz1 or ,k(>-al-,turak1 ! wild flat-nos$ ,mongol hordes f ! ,t>t>y ,/eppes1 :o1 9 ,b5jam9's qua9t language1 wor%ip ! w9d & live 9 ! wild]ness1 :o eat no bread & dr9k no w9e1 b fe$ on uncook$ meat4 ,!y h no noses--9 lieu !re( !y h two small holes ?r\gh :i* !y brea!4 ,^! 7 n m5 likely to help ! ,*ri/ians4 ,on ! contr>y1 z is s fully describ$ 9 ,b5jam9's ,it9]>y1 !y broke ! p[] ( ,sultan ,s9j>1 ! mighty ,%ah ( ,p]sia1 :o1 _h he be5 sp>$ by ! m5 ( ,ghuz1 w\ld h prov$ a s]i\s m5ace to ,salad94 ,x took ,salad9 "s ye>s to consolidate 8 empire4 ,9 #aahg he felt himself 9 a position to engage ! ,franks 9 a decisive conflict4 ,at ! battle ( ,tib]ias1 ,guy1 ! ,lat9 k+1 0 defeat$ & tak5 prison]4 ,! ,knights-,templ>s & ,hospital]s1 ( ^: do+s at ,j]usalem ,b5jam9 gives u p>ticul>s1 ei!r %>$ ! fate ( ! k+ or 7 sla9 9 action4 ,j]usalem fell soon aft]w>ds4 ,pope ,alex&] ,,iii r\s$ ! consci5ce ( ,europe1 & induc$ ! pick ( *ivalry to emb>k ^u ! ,?ird ,crusade 9 #aahi4 ,b ! pr[ess ( ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ic ,b>b>ossa1 ! gallantry ( ,ri*>d ,i ( ,engl&1 ! a/ut5ess ( ,philip ,augu/us ( ,france1 7 ( no avail4 ,! ,f\r? & ,fif? ,crusades 7 equally unsuccessful1 & ! tide ( ,islam's success rose high4 ,aft] ,salad9's dea? 8 empire gradually crumbl$ to pieces1 & "u ,gh5ghis ,khan an invasion took place ( hordes ( ,mongols & ,t>t>s1 ( :om ! ,ghuz _h be5 m]ely ! precursors4 ,!y ov]ran ,*9a & ,russia1 ,p]sia1 & p>ts ( ,we/]n ,asia4 ,! effete ,caliphate at ,bagdad 0 ov]?r[n1 b to ,islam itself fre% life 0 imp>t$4 ,! rapid decl9e ( ! ,mongol p[] at ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury gave free scope to ! rise ( ! ,ottoman ,turks1 :o _h be5 driv5 f _! haunts ea/ ( ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,l _! k9sm5 ! ,seljuks !y settl$ 9 ,asia ,m9or1 & embrac$ ! ,mohamm$an fai?1 an example :i* _m ,mongols foll[$4 ,! conv]ts prov$ tru/y w>riors to fight ! cause ( ,islam1 :i* gradually atta9$ ! z5i? ( success4 ,on ,may #bi1 #adec1 ,con/ant9ople 0 captur$ by ! ,turks1 & an end 0 made ( ! ,byzant9e ,empire4 ,ea/]n ,europe 0 subsequ5tly ov]run by !m1 & x 0 n until ,john ,sobieski defeat$ ! ,turks "u ! walls ( ,vi5na 9 #afhc t _! victori\s c>e] 0 *eck$4 ,!n at la/ ! tide ( ,islam turn$1 & its =tunes h be5 ebb+ ev] s9ce4 ,at ! pres5t day little t]ritory rema9s to !m 9 ,europe4 ,india & ,egypt are n[ subject to ,engl&2 ,russia has annex$ ,c5tral ,asia2 ,france rules ,algi]s & ,tunis4 ,"o wond]s :e!r !re w be a pause 9 ?is /eady decl9e ( ,islam1 & :e!r ! prophetic words ( ,scripture w cont9ue to hold good3 ,he w be a wild man1 8 h& w be aga9/ e man1 & e man's h& aga9/ him1 & he %all dwell 9 ! pres5ce ( all 8 bre?r54 ,?is brief consid]ation ( ! /ruggle betwe5 ,cross & ,cresc5t may s]ve to indicate ! importance ( ! revival ( ,islam1 :i* took place betwe5 ! ,second & ,?ird ,crusades1 at ! "t :5 ,b5jam9 wrote 8 ,it9]>y4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,object ,,( ,,b5jam9',s ,,j\rney4 ,we may ask :at induc$ ,b5jam9 to und]take 8 travels8 ,:at object or mission 0 he c>ry+ out8 ,x mu/ be expla9$ t ! ,jew 9 ! ,middle ,ages 0 mu* giv5 to travel4 ,he 0 ! ,w&]+ ,jew1 :o kept up communications betwe5 "o c\ntry & ano!r4 ,he _h a natural aptitude = trade & travel4 ,8 p 7 scatt]$ to ! f\r corn]s ( ! e>?4 ,z we c see f ,b5jam9's ,it9]>y1 !re 0 sc>cely a city ( importance :]e ,jews c\ld n be f\nd4 ,9 ! sacr$ tongue !y possess$ a common language1 & :]ev] !y w5t !y c\ld rely ^u a hospitable reception f _! co-religioni/s4 ,travell+ 01 !re=e1 to !m comp>atively easy1 & ! bond ( common int]e/ always suppli$ a motive4 ,l ,joseph1 ! travell] w\ld be dispat*$ ) ! injunction3 ,i pray !e see :e!r x be well ) ?y bre?r51 & br+ me ^w aga94 ,if ?is 0 ! case 9 times :5 tol]ation & protection 7 ext5d$ to ! ,jews1 h[ mu* /rong] mu/ h gr[n ! desire = int]communication at ! "t ( ! ,crusades4 ,! mo/ prosp]\s communities 9 ,g]many & ! ,jewi% congregations t lay along ! r\te to ,pale/9e _h be5 ext]m9at$ or disp]s$1 & ev5 9 ,spa91 :]e ! ,jews _h enjoy$ complete security = c5turies1 !y 7 be+ pitilessly p]secut$ 9 ! ,moori% k+dom ( ,cordova4 ,x is n unlikely1 !re=e1 t ,b5jam9 may h und]tak5 8 j\rney ) ! object ( f9d+ out :]e 8 expatriat$ bre?r5 might f9d an asylum4 ,x w be not$ t ,b5jam9 seems to use e ef=t to trace & to af=d p>ticul>s ( indep5d5t communities ( ,jews1 :o _h *iefs ( _! own1 & ow$ no allegiance to ! =eign]4 ,he may h _h trade & m]cantile op]ations 9 view4 ,he c]ta9ly dwells on matt]s ( comm]cial int]e/ ) consid]able detail4 ,probably he 0 actuat$ by bo? motives1 c\pl$ ) ! pi\s wi% ( mak+ a pilgrimage to ! l& ( 8 fa!rs4 ,:atev] 8 int5tions may h be51 we owe ,b5jam9 no small debt ( gratitude = h&+ to po/]ity records t =m a unique contribution to our k ( geography & e?nology 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,,iii4 ,,bibliography4 ,! ,it9]>y ( ,rabbi ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela1 prep>$ & publi%$ by ,a4 ,a%]1 is ! be/ edition ( ! di>y ( t travell]4 ,! fir/ volume appe>$ 9 #ahdj1 & conta9$ a c>efully compil$ ,hebrew text ) v[el po9ts1 toge!r ) an ,engli% translation & a bibliographical acc\nt4 ,a second volume appe>$ 9 #ahda conta9+ elaborate notes by ,a%] himself & by su* em95t s*ol>s z ,zunz & ,rapoport1 toge!r ) a valuable essay by ! =m] on ! ,geographical ,lit]ature ( ! ,jews & on ! ,geography ( ,pale/9e1 also an ,essay by ,lebre*t on ! ,caliphate ( ,bagdad4 ,9 addition to tw5ty-?ree sev]al repr9ts & translations enum]at$ by ,a%]1 v>i\s o!rs h s9ce appe>$ f "t to "t1 b all ( !m are bas$ ^u ! two editions ( ! text f :i* he compil$ 8 "w4 ,^! 7 ! ,editio ,pr9ceps1 pr9t$ by ,eliez] b5 ,g]%on at ,con/ant9ople1 #aedc1 & ! ,f]r>a ,edition ( #aeef1 pr9t$ by ,abraham ,usque1 ! editor ( ! fam\s ,jews ,bible 9 ,spani%4 ,a%] himself m ?an once deplores ! fact t he _h n a s+le ,,ms4 to resort to :5 confront$ by d\btful or div]g5t read+s 9 ! texts be=e him4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 be5 =tunate en\gh to be able to trace & exam9e ?ree complete ,,mss4 ( ,b5jam9's ,travels1 z well z l>ge fragm5ts belong+ to two o!r ,,mss41 & ^! ,i h embodi$ 9 my pres5t collation4 ,! foll[+ is a brief description ( ! ,,mss43-- ,i4 ,,bm1 a ,,ms4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,no4 #bg1jhi74 ,x is b\nd up ) "s ( ,maimonides' works1 sev]al ,midra%ic tracts1 a comm5t>y on ! ,hagadah by ,joseph ,gikatilia1 & an extract f ,ab>banel's comm5t>y on ,isaiah2 x =ms "p ( ! ,almanzi collection1 :i* curi\sly en\gh 0 pur*as$ by ! ,briti% ,museum f ,a%] ,co4 9 ,octob]1 #ahfe1 "s tw5ty ye>s aft] ,a%]'s dea?4 ,photographs ( ?ree pages ( ?is ,,ms4 w be f\nd ) ! ,hebrew text4 ,) reg>d to ! date ( ! ,,ms41 "s compet5t judges :o h se5 x assign x to ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ?is view has "s support f ,pr(essor ,s4,d4 ,luzzatto1 :o1 9 ,/e9s*neid]'s ,hammazkir 7vol4 ,v1 fo4 #aje1 xvii7 makes ! foll[+ comm5t ^u x3-- ,,hebrew3 ,masaot ,r4 ,b9yam9 y''g dafim k'tivah a%k5azit k'domah yot]3 ,?is ,,ms4 is ! gr\ndwork ( ! text ,i h adopt$4 #b4 ,r1 or ! ,roman ,,ms41 9 ! ,casanat5se libr>y at ,rome1 & numb]$ ,no4 #baf 9 ! ,catalogue ,sac]dote4 ,?is ,,ms4 occupies ! fir/ tw5ty-sev5 leaves ( ,codex #cjig1 :i* conta9s fifte5 o!r treatises1 among !m a text ( ,eldad ,hadani1 all writt5 by ! same scribe1 ,isaac ( ,pisa1 9 #eahi ,a4,m41 :i* corresponds ) #adbi-adcj 7see ,colophon at ! end ( ! ,hebrew text1 page ,,hebrew3 ayn-nun74 ,"u my direction ,dr4 ,gru5hut1 ( ,j]usalem1 proce$$ to ,rome1 & made a copy4 ,subsequ5tly ,i obta9$ a collation ( x made by ! late ,dr4 ,neubau]2 bo? h be5 us$ 9 prep>+ ! notes to ! text4 ,lat] on1 aft] ! ,hebrew text _h already be5 pr9t$1 ,i visit$ ,rome1 & on exam9+ ! ,,ms4 ,i f\nd t a few v>iants _h be5 ov]look$4 ,i _h facsimiles made ( sev]al pages1 :i* w be f\nd ) ! ,hebrew text4 #c4 ,e1 a ,,ms4 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,h]r ,ep/e9 ( ,vi5na1 :o acquir$ x f ,halb]/amm's collection4 ,! only reliable clue z to ! date ( ?is ,,ms4 is ! lic5se ( ! c5sor3 vi/o p] me fra ,luigi da ,bologna ,juglio #aeii4 ,h]r ,ep/e9 consid]s x to h be5 writt5 at ! end ( ! fifte5? or beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! ,,ms4 is on pap] & 9 ,italian h&writ+4 ,x conta9s sev5ty-f\r qu>to pages ( f #ai-bj l9es ea*4 ,speak+ g5]ally x is analog\s to ! edition ( ,f]r>a1 #aeef1 :i* 0 us$ by ,a%or z ! gr\ndwork ( 8 text 7,a%]1 p4 #c71 b ! spell+ ( p]sons & places 9 ,e (t5 diff]s f t 9 ! text ( ,a%]4 #d4 ,o1 9 ! ,opp5heim collection ( ! ,bodleian ,libr>y 7,,ms4 ,opp4 add4 #h deg4 #cf2 ff4 #eh-fc2 ,neubau] #bdbe71 is a fragm5t4 ,its fir/ ?ree leaves are cont9u\s1 beg9n+ at p4 #fa ( ,a%]'s edition & end+ at p4 #gc4 ,aft] ?is !re is a lacuna ( f\r leaves1 & ! fragm5t1 :i* recomm5ces at p4 #ih ( ,a%]'s edition1 is !n cont9u\s to ! end ( ! book4 ,! volume 9 :i* x is b\nd conta9s v>i\s o!r treatises writt5 by ! same scribe1 & includes a fragm5t on ,maimonides1 ^: dea? is m5tion$ z occurr+ 9 #abjb1 & also "p ( a controv]sy ( ,na*manides :i* took place 9 #abfc4 ,! ,,ms4 is 9 ,spani% ,rabb9ic *>act]s1 & w\ld appe> to h be5 writt5 9 ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury4 ,= ! collation ( ?is & ! foll[+ fragm5t ,i am indebt$ to ! k9dness ( my fri5d ,mr4 ,a4 ,c[ley1 ( ,ox=d4 ,photographs ( pages ( bo? ,,mss4 w be f\nd ) ! ,hebrew text4 #e4 ,b1 also 9 ! ,opp5heim collection ( ! ,bodleian ,libr>y 7,,ms4 ,opp4 add4 #h deg41 #eh2 fol4 #eg2 ,neubau] #behj74 ,?is fragm5t beg9s at p4 #ej ( ,a%]'s edition4 ,! date ( ?is fragm5t is probably mu* lat] ?an t ( ,o1 & may well be z late z ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x appe>s to be writt5 9 an ori5tal h&4 ,9 addition to ! critical text1 ,i give a translation ( ! ,briti% ,museum ,,ms41 & add brief notes !reto4 ,i h purposely conf9$ ! latt] to small dim5sions 9 view ( ! fact t ,a%]'s notes1 ! ,jewi% ,encyclopa$ia1 & ! works ( su* writ]s z ,graetz & o!rs1 w enable ! read] to acquire fur!r in=mation on ! v>i\s incid5ts1 p]sonages1 & places ref]r$ to by ,b5jam94 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 especially m5tion a "w by ,mr4 ,c4 ,raymond ,beazley entitl$ ,! ,dawn ( ,mod]n ,geography1 p>ticul>ly 8 second volume1 publi%$ 9 #aija4 ,! frank & fri5dly mann] 9 :i* ! writ] does ju/ice to ! m]its ( ! ,jewi% travell] contra/s fav\rably ) ! petty & malignant comm5ts ( c]ta9 non-,jewi% comm5tators1 ( :i* ,a%] repeat$ly compla9s4 ,x is n out ( place to m5tion t soon aft] ! publication 9 #ahda ( ! "w on ,b5jam9 by ,a4 ,a%]1 !re appe>$ a review !re( 9 consecutive numb]s ( ! ,jewi% p]iodical ,d] ,ori5t4 ,! articles bore ! signature ,sid]1 b ! au?or prov$ to be ,dr4 ,/e9s*neid]4 ,!y 7 among ! fir/ lit]>y contributions by :i* he became kn[n4 ,al?\gh writt5 sixty-five ye>s ago 8 review has a fre%ness & a value :i* r5d]s x well wor? read+ at ! pres5t day4 ,! n9etie? bir?day ( ! ,ne/or ( ,semitic lit]ature 0 celebrat$ on ,m>* #cj ( la/ ye>1 & x af=d$ no little gratification to ! writ] t ,dr4 ,/e9s*neid] on t occasion accept$ ! d$ication to him ( ?is ! late/ contribution to ! ,b5jam9 ,lit]ature4 ,! savant pass$ away on ! #bcrd ( ,janu>y la/1 & ,i humbly d$icate my mode/ "w to 8 memory4 ,i h ! pleasure ( express+ my ?anks to ! editors ( ! ,jewi% ,qu>t]ly ,review1 :o h p]mitt$ me to repr9t my articles2 also to ,dr4 ,b]l9 & o!r fri5ds = _! co-op]ation2 & to ! ,delegates ( ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press = all[+ me to make use ( ! map ( ,we/]n ,asia 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 :i* 0 design$ by ,pr(essor ,s4 ,lane-,poole4 ,m>cus ,n4 ,adl]4 ,may #bg1 #aijg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,it9]>y ,,( ,,b5jam9 ,,( ,,tudela4 ,,hebrew ,,introduction4 ,?is is ! book ( travels1 :i* 0 compil$ by ,rabbi ,b5jam91 ! son ( ,jonah1 ( ! l& ( ,nav>re--8 repose be 9 ,p>adise4 ,! said ,rabbi ,b5jam9 set =? f ,tudela1 8 native city1 & pass$ ?r\gh _m remote c\ntries1 z is relat$ 9 8 book4 ,9 e place :i* he ent]$1 he made a record ( all t he saw1 or 0 told ( by tru/wor?y p]sons--matt]s n previ\sly he>d ( 9 ! l& ( ,seph>ad#a4 ,also he m5tions "s ( ! sages & illu/ri\s m5 resid+ 9 ea* place4 ,he br\ght ?is book ) him on 8 return to ! c\ntry ( ,ca/ile1 9 ! ye> #dicc 7,c4,e4 #aagc7b4 ,! said ,rabbi ,b5jam9 is a wise & und]/&+ man1 le>n$ 9 ! ,law & ! ,hala*a1 & :]ev] we h te/$ 8 /atem5ts we h f\nd !m accurate1 true to fact & consi/5t2 = he is a tru/wor?y man4 p4#a ,8 book comm5ces z foll[s3--,i j\rney$ fir/ f my native t[n to ! city ( ,s>agossa#c1 & !nce by way ( ! ,riv] ,ebro to ,tortosa4 ,f !re ,i w5t a j\rney ( two days to ! anci5t city ( ,t>ragona ) its ,cyclopean & ,greek build+s#d4 ,! l !re( is n f\nd among any ( ! build+s 9 ! c\ntry ( ,seph>ad4 ,x is situat$ by ! sea1 & two days' j\rney f ! city ( ,b>celona1 :]e !re is a holy congregation1 includ+ sages1 wise & illu/ri\s m51 su* z ,r4 ,%e%e?#e1 ,r4 ,%ealtiel1 ,r4 ,solomon1 & ,r4 ,abraham1 son ( ,*isdai4 ,?is is a small city & beautiful1 ly+ ^u ! sea-coa/4 p4#b ,m]*ants come ?i!r f all qu>t]s ) _! w>es1 f ,greece1 f ,pisa1 ,g5oa1 ,sicily1 ,alex&ria 9 ,egypt1 ,pale/9e1 ,africa & all its coa/s4 ,!nce x is a day & a half to ,g]ona1 9 :i* !re is a small congregation ( ,jews#f4 ,a ?ree days'j\rney takes "o to ,n>bonne1 :i* is a city pre-em95t = le>n+2 !nce ! ,torah 7,law7 goes =? to all c\ntries4 ,sages1 & great & illu/ri\s m5 abide "h4 ,at _! head is ,r4 ,kalonymos1 ! son ( ! great & illu/ri\s ,r4 ,todros ( ! se$ ( ,david1 ^: p$igree is e/abli%$4 ,he possesses h]$itam5ts & l&s giv5 him by ! rul] ( ! city1 ( :i* no man c =cibly dispossess him#g4 ,prom95t 9 ! community is ,r ,abraham#h1 head ( ! ,academy3 also ,r4 ,ma*ir & ,r4 ,judah1 & _m o!r di/+ui%$ s*ol>s4 ,at ! pres5t day #cjj ,jews are !re4 ,!nce x is f\r p>asangs#i to ! city ( ,bezi]s1 :]e !re is a congregation ( le>n$ m54 ,at _! head is ,r4 ,solomon ,*alafta1 ,r ,joseph1 & ,r4 ,ne?anel4 ,!nce x is two days to ,h> ,gaa% :i* is call$ ,montpelli]4 ,?is is a place well situat$ = comm]ce4 p4#c ,x is ab\t a p>asang f ! sea1 & m5 come = bus9ess !re f all qu>t]s1 f ,edom1 ,i%mael1 ! l& ( ,alg>ve#aj1 ,lomb>dy1 ! dom9ion ( ,rome ! ,great1 f all ! l& ( ,egypt1 ,pale/9e1 ,greece1 ,france1 ,asia & ,engl&4 ,p ( all nations are f\nd !re do+ bus9ess ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! ,g5oese & ,pisans4 ,9 ! city !re are s*ol>s ( great em95ce1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,reub51 son ( ,todros1 ,r4 ,na?an1 son ( ,ze*>iah1 & ,r4 ,samuel1 _! *ief rabbi1 also ,r4 ,solomon & ,r4 ,mordecai4 ,!y h among !m h\ses ( le>n+ devot$ to ! /udy ( ! ,talmud4 ,among ! community are m5 bo? ri* & *>itable1 :o l5d a help+ h& to all t come to !m4 ,f ,montpelli] x is f\r p>asangs to ,lunel1 9 :i* !re is a congregation ( ,israelites1 :o /udy ! ,law day & night4 ,"h liv$ ,rabb5u ,me%ullam ! great rabbi1 s9ce deceas$1 & 8 five sons1 :o are wise1 great & weal?y1 namely3 ,r4 ,joseph1 ,r4 ,isaac1 ,r4 ,jacob1 ,r4 ,a>on1 & ,r4 ,a%]1 ! recluse1 :o dwells ap>t f ! _w2 he pores ov] 8 books day & night1 fa/s p]iodically & ab/a9s f all meat#aa4 p4#d ,he is a great s*ol> ( ! ,talmud4 ,at ,lunel live also _! bro!r-9-law ,r4 ,moses1 ! *ief rabbi1 ,r4 ,samuel ! eld]#ab1 ,r4 ,uls>nu1 ,r4 ,solomon ,hacoh51 & ,r4 ,judah ! ,physician1 ! son ( ,tibbon1 ! ,seph>di4 ,! /ud5ts t come f di/ant l&s to le>n ! ,law are taught1 bo>d$1 lodg$ & clo!d by ! congregation1 s long z !y att5d ! h\se ( /udy4 ,! community has wise1 und]/&+ & sa9tly m5 ( great b5evol5ce1 :o l5d a help+ h& to all _! bre?r5 bo? f> & ne>4 ,! congregation consi/s ( ab\t #cjj ,jews--may ! ,"l pres]ve !m4 ,f !re x is two p>asangs to ,posqui]es1 :i* is a l>ge place conta9+ ab\t =ty ,jews1 ) an ,academy "u ! auspices ( ! great ,rabbi1 ,r4 ,abraham1 son ( ,david1 ( bless$ memory1 an en]getic & wise man1 great z a talmudical au?ority#ac4 ,p come to him f a di/ance to le>n ! ,law at 8 lips1 & !y f9d re/ 9 8 h\se1 & he tea*es !m4 ,( ^? :o are )\t means he also pays ! exp5ses1 = he is v ri*4 p4#e ,! munific5t ,r4 ,joseph1 son ( ,m5a*em1 also dwells "h1 & ,r4 ,b5v5i/e1 ,r4 ,b5jam91 ,r4 ,abraham & ,r4 ,isaac1 son ( ,r4 ,meir ( bless$ memory4 ,!nce x is f\r p>asangs to ! suburb 7,ghetto87 ,b\rg de ,/4 ,gilles1 9 :i* place !re are ab\t a hundr$ ,jews4 ,wise m5 abide !re2 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,isaac1 son ( ,jacob1 ,r4 ,abraham1 son ( ,judah1 ,r4 ,eleaz>1 ,r4 ,jacob1 ,r4 ,isaac1 ,r4 ,moses & ,r4 ,jacob1 son ( rabbi ,levi ( bless$ memory4 ,?is is a place ( pilgrimage ( ! ,g5tiles :o come hi!r f ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,x is only ?ree miles f ! sea1 & is situat$ ^u ! great ,riv] ,rhone1 :i* fl[s ?r\gh ! :ole l& ( ,prov5ce4 ,"h dwells ! illu/ri\s ,r4 ,abba ,m>i1 son ( ! late ,r4 ,isaac2 he is ! bailiff ( ,c\nt ,raymond#ad4 p4#f ,!nce x is ?ree p>asangs to ! city ( ,arles1 :i* has ab\t #bjj ,israelites1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,moses1 ,r4 ,tobias1 ,r4 ,isaiah1 ,r4 ,solomon1 ! *ief rabbi ,r4 ,na?an1 & ,r4 ,abba ,m>i1 s9ce deceas$#ae4 ,f !re x is two days' j\rney to ,m>seilles#af1 :i* is a city ( pr9cely & wise citiz5s1 possess+ two congregations ) ab\t #cjj ,jews4 ,"o congregation dwells bel[ on ! %ore by ! sea1 ! o!r is 9 ! ca/le above4 ,!y =m a great academy ( le>n$ m51 among/ !m be+ ,r4 ,simeon1 ,r4 ,solomon1 ,r4 ,isaac1 son ( ,abba ,m>i#ag1 ,r4 ,simeon1 son ( ,antoli1 & ,r4 ,jacob 8 bro!r2 also ,r4 ,lib]o4 ,^! p]sons are at ! head ( ! upp] academy4 ,at ! head ( ! congregation bel[ are ,r4 ,jacob ,purpis#ah1 a weal?y man1 & ,r4 ,abraham1 son ( ,r4 ,meir1 8 son-9-law1 & ,r4 ,isaac1 son ( ! late ,r4 ,meir4 ,x is a v busy city ^u ! sea-coa/4 p4#g ,f ,m>seilles "o c take %ip & 9 f\r days rea* ,g5oa1 :i* is also ^u ! sea4 ,"h live two ,jews1 ,r4 ,samuel1 son ( ,salim1 & 8 bro!r1 f ! city ( ,ceuta1 bo? ( !m good m54 ,! city is surr\nd$ by a wall1 & ! inhabitants are n gov]n$ by any k+1 b by judges :om !y appo9t at _! pleasure4 ,ea* h\sehold] has a t[] to 8 h\se1 & at times ( /rife !y fight f ! tops ( ! t[]s ) ea* o!r4 ,!y h comm& ( ! sea4 ,!y build %ips :i* !y call galleys1 & make pr$atory attacks ^u ,edom & ,i%mael#ai & ! l& ( ,greece z f> z ,sicily1 & !y br+ back to ,g5oa spoils f all ^! places4 ,!y are con/antly at w> ) ! m5 ( ,pisa4 ,betwe5 !m & ! ,pisans !re is a di/ance ( two days' j\rney4 ,pisa is a v great city1 ) ab\t #aj1jjj turret$ h\ses = battle at times ( /rife4 ,all its inhabitants are mighty m54 ,!y possess nei!r k+ nor pr9ce to gov]n !m1 b only ! judges appo9t$ by !mselves4 ,9 ?is city are ab\t tw5ty ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,moses1 ,r4 ,*ayim1 & ,r4 ,joseph4 ,! city is n surr\nd$ by a wall4 ,x is ab\t six miles f ! sea2 ! riv] :i* fl[s ?r\gh ! city provides x ) +ress & egress = %ips4 ,f ,pisa x is f\r p>asangs to ! city ( ,lucca1 :i* is ! beg9n+ ( ! fronti] ( ,lomb>dy4 ,9 ! city ( ,lucca are ab\t =ty ,jews4 ,x is a l>ge place1 & at ! head ( ! ,jews are ,r4 ,david1 ,r4 ,samuel1 & ,r4 ,jacob4 p4#h ,!nce x is six days' j\rney to ! great city ( ,rome4 ,rome is ! head ( ! k+doms ( ,*ri/5dom1 & conta9s ab\t #bjj ,jews1 :o occupy an hon\rable position & pay no tribute1 & among/ !m are (ficials ( ! ,pope ,alex&]1 ! spiritual head ( all ,*ri/5dom4 ,great s*ol>s reside "h1 at ! head ( !m be+ ,r4 ,daniel1 ! *ief rabbi1 & ,r4 ,je*iel1 an (ficial ( ! ,pope#bj4 ,he is a h&some "y man ( intellig5ce & wisdom1 & he has ! entry ( ! ,pope's palace2 = he is ! /ew>d ( 8 h\se & ( all t he has4 ,he is a gr&son ( ,r4 ,na?an1 :o compos$ ! ,aru*#ba & its comm5t>ies4 ,o!r s*ol>s are ,r4 ,joab1 son ( ! *ief rabbi ,r4 ,solomon1 ,r4 ,m5a*em1 head ( ! academy1 ,r4 ,je*iel1 :o lives 9 ,tra/ev]e1 & ,r4 ,b5jam91 son ( ,r4 ,%abbe?ai ( bless$ memory4 ,rome is divid$ into two p>ts by ! ,riv] ,tib]4 ,9 ! "o "p is ! great *ur* :i* !y call ,/4 ,pet]'s ( ,rome4 ,! great ,palace ( ,julius ,caes> 0 also 9 ,rome#bb4 p4#i ,!re are _m wond]ful /ructures 9 ! city1 diff]5t f any o!rs 9 ! _w4 ,includ+ bo? its inhabit$ & ru9$ p>ts1 ,rome is ab\t tw5ty-f\r miles 9 circumf]5ce4 ,9 ! mid/ !re(#bc !re are eighty palaces belong+ to eighty k+s :o liv$ !re1 ea* call$ ,imp]ator1 comm5c+ f ,k+ ,t>qu9ius d[n to ,n]o & ,tib]ius1 :o liv$ at ! "t ( ,jesus ! ,naz>5e1 end+ ) ,pep91 :o fre$ ! l& ( ,seph>ad f ,islam1 & 0 fa!r ( ,*>lemagne4 ,!re is a palace outside ,rome 7said to be ( ,titus74 ,! ,consul & 8 #cjj ,s5ators treat$ him ) disfav\r1 because he fail$ to take ,j]usalem till aft] ?ree ye>s1 ?\gh !y _h bidd5 him to capture x )9 two#bd4 ,9 ,rome is also ! palace ( ,vespasianus1 a great & v /rong build+2 also ! ,colosseum#be1 9 :i* edifice !re are #cfe sections1 accord+ to ! days ( ! sol> ye>2 & ! circumf]5ce ( ^! palaces is ?ree miles4 ,!re 7 battles f\ght "h 9 old5 times1 & 9 ! palace m ?an #ajj1jjj m5 7 sla91 & !re _! bones rema9 pil$ up to ! pres5t day4 p4#aj ,! k+ caus$ to be engrav$ a repres5tation ( ! battle & ( ! =ces on ei!r side fac+ "o ano!r1 bo? w>riors & horses1 all 9 m>ble1 to exhibit to ! _w ! w> ( ! days ( old4 ,9 ,rome !re is a cave :i* runs und]gr\nd1 & catacombs ( ,k+ ,t>mal ,gals9 & 8 royal consort :o are to be f\nd !re1 seat$ ^u _! ?rones1 & ) !m ab\t a hundr$ royal p]sonages4 ,!y are all embalm$ & pres]v$ to ?is day4 ,9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,john 9 ! ,lat]an !re are two bronze columns tak5 f ! ,temple1 ! h&iwork ( ,k+ ,solomon1 ea* column be+ engrav$ ,solomon ! son ( ,david4 ,! ,jews ( ,rome told me t e ye> ^u ! #i? ( ,ab !y f\nd ! columns exud+ moi/ure l wat]4 ,!re also is ! cave :]e ,titus ! son ( ,vespasianus /or$ ! ,temple vessels :i* he br\ght f ,j]usalem4 ,!re is also a cave 9 a hill on "o bank ( ! ,riv] ,tib] :]e are ! graves ( ! t5 m>tyrs#bf4 p4#aa ,9 front ( ,/4 ,john 9 ! ,lat]an !re are /atues ( ,samson 9 m>ble1 ) a spe> 9 8 h&1 & ( ,absalom ! son ( ,k+ ,david1 & ano!r ( ,con/ant9us ! ,great1 :o built ,con/ant9ople & aft] :om x 0 call$4 ,! la/-nam$ /atue is ( bronze1 ! horse be+ ov]laid ) gold#bg4 ,_m o!r edifices are !re1 & rem>kable sights beyond enum]ation4 ,f ,rome x is f\r days to ,capua1 ! l>ge t[n :i* ,k+ ,capys built4 ,x is a f9e city1 b its wat] is bad1 & ! c\ntry is fev]-/rick5#bh4 ,ab\t #cjj ,jews live !re1 among !m great s*ol>s & e/eem$ p]sons1 at _! heads be+ ,r4 ,conso1 8 bro!r ,r4 ,israel1 ,r4 ,zak5 & ! *ief rabbi ,r4 ,david1 s9ce deceas$4 ,!y call ?is di/rict ! ,pr9cipality4 ,f !re "o goes to ,pozzuoli :i* is call$ ,sorr5to ! ,great1 built by ,zur1 son ( ,hadadez]1 :5 he fl$ 9 fe> ( ,david ! k+4 ,! sea has ris5 & cov]$ ! city f its two sides1 & at ! pres5t day "o c /ill see ! m>kets & t[]s :i* /ood 9 ! mid/ ( ! city#bi4 p4#ab ,a spr+ issues =? f b5ea? ! gr\nd conta9+ ! oil :i* is call$ petroleum4 ,p collect x f ! surface ( ! wat] & use x m$ic9ally4 ,!re are also hot-wat] spr+s to ! numb] ( ab\t tw5ty1 :i* issue f ! gr\nd & are situat$ ne> ! sea1 & e man :o has any disease c g & ba! 9 !m & get cur$4 ,all ! afflict$ ( ,lomb>dy visit x 9 ! summ]-"t = t purpose4 ,f ?is place a man c travel fifte5 miles along a road "u ! m\nta9s1 a "w execut$ by ,k+ ,romulus :o built ! city ( ,rome4 ,he 0 prompt$ to ?is by fe> ( ,k+ ,david & ,joab 8 g5]al#cj4 ,he built =tifications bo? ^u ! m\nta9s & bel[ ! m\nta9s rea*+ z f> z ! city ( ,naples4 ,naples is a v /rong city1 ly+ ^u ! sea-bo>d1 & 0 f\nd$ by ! ,greeks4 ,ab\t #ejj ,jews live "h1 among/ !m ,r4 ,hezekiah1 ,r4 ,%allum1 ,r4 ,elijah ,hacoh5 & ,r4 ,isaac ( ,h> ,napus1 ! *ief rabbi ( bless$ memory4 ,!nce "o proce$s by sea to ! city ( ,sal]no1 :]e ! ,*ri/ians h a s*ool ( m$ic9e4 ,ab\t #fjj ,jews dwell !re4 p4#ac ,among ! s*ol>s are ,r4 ,judah1 son ( ,r4 ,isaac1 ! son ( ,mel*iz$ek1 ! great ,rabbi#ca1 :o came f ! city ( ,siponto2 also ,r4 ,solomon 7! ,coh571 ,r4 ,elijah ! ,greek1 ,r4 ,abraham ,n>boni1 & ,r4 ,hamon4 ,x is a city ) walls ^u ! l& side1 ! o!r side bord]+ on ! sea & !re is a v /rong ca/le on ! summit ( ! hill4 ,!nce x is half a day's j\rney to ,amalfi1 :]e !re are ab\t tw5ty ,jews1 among/ !m ,r4 ,hananel1 ! physician1 ,r4 ,eli%a1 & ,abu-al-gir1 ! pr9ce4 ,! inhabitants ( ! place are m]*ants engag$ 9 trade1 :o d n s[ or reap1 because !y dwell ^u high hills & l(ty crags1 b buy ev]y?+ = money4 ,nev]!less1 !y h an abundance ( fruit1 = x is a l& ( v9ey>ds & olives1 ( g>d5s & plantations1 & no "o c g to w> ) !m4 ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ,b5ev5to1 :i* is a city situat$ betwe5 ! sea-coa/ & a m\nta91 & possess+ a community ( ab\t #bjj ,jews4 ,at _! head are ,r4 ,kalonymus1 ,r4 ,z>a*1 & ,r4 ,abraham4 ,f !re x is two days' j\rney to ,melfi 9 ! c\ntry ( ,apulia1 :i* is ! l& ( ,pul#cb1 :]e ab\t #bjj ,jews reside1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,a*imaaz1 ,r4 ,na?an1 & ,r4 ,isaac4 p4#ad ,f ,melfi x is ab\t a day's j\rney to ,ascoli1 :]e !re are ab\t =ty ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,consoli1 ,r4 ,zema*1 8 son-9-law1 & ,r4 ,joseph4 ,f !re x takes two days to ,trani on ! sea1 :]e all ! pilgrims ga!r to g to ,j]usalem2 = ! port is a conv5i5t "o4 ,a community ( ab\t #bjj ,israelites is !re1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,elijah1 ,r4 ,na?an1 ! exp\nd]1 & ,r4 ,jacob4 ,x is a great & beautiful city4 ,f !re x is a day's j\rney to ,colo di ,b>i1 :i* is ! great city :i* ,k+ ,william ( ,sicily de/roy$#cc4 ,nei!r ,jews nor ,g5tiles live !re at ! pres5t day 9 consequ5ce ( its de/ruction4 ,!nce x is a day & a half to ,t>anto1 :i* is "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,calabria1 ! inhabitants ( :i* are ,greek#cd4 ,x is a l>ge city1 & conta9s ab\t #cjj ,jews1 "s ( !m m5 ( le>n+1 & at _! head are ,r4 ,meir1 ,r4 ,na?an1 & ,r4 ,israel4 ,f ,t>anto x is a day's j\rney to ,br9disi1 :i* is on ! sea coa/4 p4#ae ,ab\t t5 ,jews1 :o are dy]s1 reside "h4 ,x is two days' j\rney to ,otranto1 :i* is on ! coa/ ( ! ,greek sea4 ,"h are ab\t #ejj ,jews1 at ! head ( !m be+ ,r4 ,m5a*em1 ,r4 ,caleb1 ,r4 ,meir1 & ,r4 ,mali4 ,f ,otranto x is a voyage ( two days to ,corfu1 :]e only "o ,jew ( ! "n ( ,r4 ,joseph lives1 & "h ends ! k+dom ( ,sicily4 ,!nce x is two days' voyage to ! l& ( ,l>ta 7,arta71 :i* is ! beg9n+ ( ! dom9ions ( ,emanuel1 ,sov]eign ( ! ,greeks4 ,x is a place conta9+ ab\t #ajj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,%ela*iah & ,r4 ,h]cules4 ,f !re x is two days to ,aphilon 7,a*el\s7#ce1 a place 9 :i* reside ab\t ?irty ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,sabbattai4 ,f !re x takes half a day to ,anatolica1 :i* is situat$ on an arm ( ! sea#cf4 ,f !re x takes a day to ,patras1 :i* is ! city :i* ,antipat]#cg1 ,k+ ( ! ,greeks1 built4 ,he 0 "o ( ! f\r successors ( ,k+ ,alex&]4 p4#af ,9 ! city !re are sev]al l>ge old build+s1 & ab\t fifty ,jews live "h1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,isaac1 ,r4 ,jacob1 & ,r4 ,samuel4 ,half a day's j\rney by way ( ! sea takes "o to ,kifto 7,lepanto7#ch1 :]e !re are ab\t #ajj ,jews1 :o live on ! sea-coa/2 at _! head are ,r4 ,guri1 ,r4 ,%allum1 & ,r4 ,abraham4 ,f !re x is a j\rney ( a day & a half to ,crissa1 :]e ab\t #bjj ,jews live ap>t4 ,!y s[ & reap on _! own l&2 at _! head are ,r4 ,solomon1 ,r4 ,*ayim1 & ,r4 ,j$aiah4 ,f !re x is ?ree days' j\rney to ! capital city ( ,cor9?2 "h are ab\t #cjj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,leon1 ,r4 ,jacob1 & ,r4 ,hezekiah4 ,!nce x is two days' j\rney to ! great city ( ,!bes1 :]e !re are ab\t #b1jjj ,jews4 ,!y are ! mo/ skill$ artific]s 9 silk & purple clo? ?r\gh\t ,greece4 ,!y h s*ol>s le>n$ 9 ! ,mi%nah & ! ,talmud1 & o!r prom95t m51 & at _! head are ! *ief rabbi ,r4 ,kuti & 8 bro!r ,r4 ,moses1 z well z ,r4 ,*iyah1 ,r4 ,elijah ,tirutot1 & ,r4 ,joktan2 & !re are none l !m 9 ! l& ( ! ,greeks1 except 9 ! city ( ,con/ant9ople4 p4#ag ,f ,!bes x is a day's j\rney to ,egripo#ci1 :i* is a l>ge city ^u ! sea-coa/1 :]e m]*ants come f e qu>t]4 ,ab\t #bjj ,jews live !re1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,elijah ,psalt]i1 ,r4 ,emanuel1 & ,r4 ,caleb4 ,f !re x takes a day to ,jabu/risa1 :i* is a city ^u ! sea-coa/ ) ab\t #ajj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,joseph1 ,r4 ,elaz>1 ,r4 ,isaac1 ,r4 ,samuel1 & ,r4 ,ne?aniah4 ,f !re x is a day's j\rney to ,rabonica1 :]e !re are ab\t #ajj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,joseph1 ,r4 ,elaz>1 & ,r4 ,isaac4 ,f !re x is a day's j\rney to ,s9on ,potamo1 :]e !re are ab\t fifty ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,solomon & ,r4 ,jacob4 ,! city is situat$ at ! foot ( ! hills ( ,walla*ia4 ,! nation call$ ,walla*ians live 9 ^? m\nta9s4 ,!y are z swift z h9ds1 & !y sweep d[n f ! m\nta9s to despoil & ravage ! l& ( ,greece4 ,no man c g up & d battle aga9/ !m1 & no k+ c rule ov] !m4 ,!y d n hold fa/ to ! fai? ( ! ,naz>5es1 b give !mselves ,jewi% names4 p4#ah ,"s p say t !y are ,jews1 &1 9 fact1 !y call ! ,jews _! bre?r51 & :5 !y meet ) !m1 ?\gh !y rob !m1 !y refra9 f kill+ !m z !y kill ! ,greeks4 ,!y are altoge!r lawless#dj4 ,f !re x is two days' j\rney to ,g>diki1 :i* is 9 ru9s & conta9s b a few ,greeks & ,jews4 ,f !re x is two days' j\rney to ,armylo1 :i* is a l>ge city on ! sea1 inhabit$ by ,v5etians1 ,pisans1 ,g5oese1 & all ! m]*ants :o come !re2 x is an ext5sive place1 & conta9s ab\t #djj ,jews4 ,at _! head are ! *ief rabbi ,r4 ,%iloh ,lomb>do1 ,r4 ,joseph1 ! w>d51 & ,r4 ,solomon1 ! lead+ man4 ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ,viss5a1 :]e !re are ab\t #ajj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ! *ief rabbi ,r4 ,sabbattai1 ,r4 ,solomon1 & ,r4 ,jacob4 ,f !re x is two days' voyage to ! city ( ,salonica1 built by ,k+ ,seleucus1 "o ( ! f\r successors :o foll[$ aft] ,k+ ,alex&]4 ,x is a v l>ge city1 ) ab\t #ejj ,jews1 includ+ ! *ief rabbi ,r4 ,samuel & 8 sons1 :o are s*ol>s4 p4#ai ,he is appo9t$ by ! k+ z head ( ! ,jews4 ,!re is also ,r4 ,sabbattai1 8 son-9-law1 ,r4 ,elijah1 & ,r4 ,mi*ael4 ,! ,jews are oppress$1 & live by silk-weav+4 ,!nce x is two days' j\rney to ,demetrizi1 ) ab\t fifty ,jews4 ,9 ?is place live ,r4 ,isaiah1 ,r4 ,ma*ir1 & ,r4 ,alib4 ,!nce x is two days to ,drama1 :]e !re are ab\t #adj ,jews1 at ! head ( !m be+ ,r4 ,mi*ael & ,r4 ,joseph4 ,f !re x is "o day's j\rney to ,*ri/opoli1 :]e ab\t tw5ty ,jews live4 ,a ?ree days' voyage br+s "o to ,abydos1 :i* is ^u an arm ( ! sea :i* fl[s betwe5 ! m\nta9s1 & aft] a five days' j\rney ! great t[n ( ,con/ant9ople is rea*$4 ,x is ! capital ( ! :ole l& ( ,javan1 :i* is call$ ,greece4 ,"h is ! resid5ce ( ! ,k+ ,emanuel ! ,emp]or4 ,twelve m9i/]s are "u him1 ea* ( :om has a palace 9 ,con/ant9ople & possesses ca/les & cities2 !y rule all ! l&4 ,at _! head is ! ,k+ ,hipp>*us1 ! second 9 comm& is ! ,megas ,dome/icus1 ! ?ird ,dom9us1 & ! f\r? is ,megaa ,ducas1 & ! fif? is ,oeconomus ,megalus2 ! o!rs be> names l ^!#da4 p4#bj ,! circumf]5ce ( ! city ( ,con/ant9ople is eighte5 miles2 half ( x is surr\nd$ by ! sea1 & half by l&1 & x is situat$ ^u two arms ( ! sea1 "o com+ f ! sea ( ,russia1 & "o f ! sea ( ,seph>ad4 ,all sorts ( m]*ants come "h f ! l& ( ,babylon1 f ! l& ( ,%9>1 f ,p]sia1 ,m$ia1 & all ! sov]eignty ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 f ! l& ( ,canaan1 & ! empire ( ,russia#db1 f ,hung>ia1 ,patz9akia#dc1 ,khaz>ia#dd1 & ! l& ( ,lomb>dy & ,seph>ad4 ,x is a busy city1 & m]*ants come to x f e c\ntry by sea or l&1 & !re is none l x 9 ! _w except ,bagdad1 ! great city ( ,islam4 ,9 ,con/ant9ople is ! *ur* ( ,santa ,sophia1 & ! seat ( ! ,pope ( ! ,greeks1 s9ce ! ,greeks d n obey ! ,pope ( ,rome4 ,!re are also *ur*es accord+ to ! numb] ( ! days ( ! ye>4 ,a quantity ( weal? beyond tell+ is br\ght hi!r ye> by ye> z tribute f ! two isl&s & ! ca/les & villages :i* are !re4 p4#ba ,& ! l ( ?is weal? is n to be f\nd 9 any o!r *ur* 9 ! _w4 ,& 9 ?is *ur* !re are pill>s ( gold & silv]1 & lamps ( silv] & gold m ?an a man c c\nt4 ,close to ! walls ( ! palace is also a place ( amusem5t belong+ to ! k+1 :i* is call$ ! ,hippodrome1 & e ye> on ! anniv]s>y ( ! bir? ( ,jesus ! k+ gives a great ent]ta9m5t !re4 ,& 9 t place m5 f all ! races ( ! _w come be=e ! k+ & que5 ) juggl]y & )\t juggl]y1 & !y introduce lions1 leop>ds1 be>s1 & wild asses1 & !y engage !m 9 combat ) "o ano!r2 & ! same ?+ is done ) birds4 ,no ent]ta9m5t l ?is is to be f\nd 9 any o!r l&4 ,?is ,k+ ,emanuel built a great palace = ! seat ( 8 ,gov]nm5t ^u ! sea-coa/1 9 addition to ! palaces :i* 8 fa!rs built1 & he call$ its "n ,bla*]nae#de4 ,he ov]laid its columns & walls ) gold & silv]1 & engrav$ !reon repres5tations ( ! battles be=e 8 day & ( 8 own combats4 ,he also set up a ?rone ( gold & ( preci\s /ones1 & a gold5 cr[n 0 susp5d$ by a gold *a9 ov] ! ?rone1 s arrang$ t he might sit !reund]#df4 p4#bb ,x 0 inlaid ) jewels ( priceless value1 & at night "t no lights 7 requir$1 = e "o c\ld see by ! light :i* ! /ones gave =?4 ,c\ntless o!r build+s are to be met ) 9 ! city4 ,f e "p ( ! empire ( ,greece tribute is br\ght "h e ye>1 & !y fill /rongholds ) g>m5ts ( silk1 purple1 & gold4 ,l unto ^! /oreh\ses & ?is weal?1 !re is no?+ 9 ! :ole _w to be f\nd4 ,x is said t ! tribute ( ! city am\nts e ye> to #bj1jjj gold pieces1 d]iv$ bo? f ! r5ts ( %ops & m>kets1 & f ! tribute ( m]*ants :o ent] by sea or l&4 ,! ,greek inhabitants are v ri* 9 gold & preci\s /ones1 & !y g clo!d 9 g>m5ts ( silk ) gold embroid]y1 & !y ride horses1 & look l pr9ces4 ,inde$1 ! l& is v ri* 9 all clo? /uffs1 & 9 bread1 meat1 & w9e4 p4#bc ,weal? l t ( ,con/ant9ople is n to be f\nd 9 ! :ole _w4 ,"h also are m5 le>n$ 9 all ! books ( ! ,greeks1 & !y eat & dr9k e man "u 8 v9e & 8 fig-tree4 ,!y hire f among/ all nations w>riors call$ ,loazim 7,b>b>ians7 to fight ) ! ,sultan ,masud#dg1 ,k+ ( ! ,tog>mim 7,seljuks71 :o are call$ ,turks2 = ! natives are n w>like1 b are z wom5 :o h no /r5g? to fight4 ,no ,jews live 9 ! city1 = !y h be5 plac$ beh9d an inlet ( ! sea4 ,an arm ( ! sea ( ,m>mora %uts !m 9 on ! "o side1 & !y are unable to g out except by way ( ! sea1 :5 !y want to d bus9ess ) ! inhabitants#dh4 ,9 ! ,jewi% qu>t] are ab\t #b1jjj ,rabbanite ,jews & ab\t #ejj ,k>aites1 & a f5ce divides !m4 ,among/ ! s*ol>s are sev]al wise m51 at _! head be+ ! *ief rabbi ,r4 ,abtalion1 ,r4 ,obadiah1 ,r4 ,a>on ,be*or ,%oro1 ,r4 ,joseph ,%ir-,guru1 & ,r4 ,eliakim1 ! w>d54 ,& among/ !m !re are artific]s 9 silk & _m ri* m]*ants4 ,no ,jew !re is all[$ to ride on horseback4 p4#bd ,! "o exception is ,r4 ,solomon ,hamitsri1 :o is ! k+'s physician1 & ?r\gh :om ! ,jews enjoy consid]able alleviation ( _! oppression4 ,= _! condition is v l[1 & !re is mu* hatr$ aga9/ !m1 :i* is fo/]$ by ! tann]s1 :o ?r[ out _! dirty wat] 9 ! /reets be=e ! doors ( ! ,jewi% h\ses & defile ! ,jews' qu>t] 7! ,ghetto74 ,s ! ,greeks hate ! ,jews1 good & bad alike1 & subject !m to great oppression1 & beat !m 9 ! /reets1 & 9 e way treat !m ) rig\r4 ,yet ! ,jews are ri* & good1 k9dly & *>itable1 & be> _! lot ) *e]fulness4 ,! di/rict inhabit$ by ! ,jews is call$ ,p]a4 ,f ,con/ant9ople x is two days' voyage to ,rha$e/us#di1 ) a community ( ,israelites ( ab\t #djj1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,moses1 ,r4 ,abijah1 & ,r4 ,jacob4 ,f !re x is two days to ,callipolis 7,gallipoli71 :]e !re are ab\t #bjj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,elijah ,kapur1 ,r4 ,%abbattai ,zutro1 & ,r4 ,isaac ,megas1 :i* means great 9 ,greek4 ,& f "h x is two days to ,kales4 p4#be ,"h !re are ab\t fifty ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,jacob & ,r4 ,judah4 ,f "h x is two days' j\rney to ! isl& ( ,mytil5e1 & !re are ,jewi% congregations 9 t5 localities on ! isl&4 ,!nce x is ?ree days' voyage to ! isl& ( ,*ios1 :]e !re are ab\t #djj ,jews1 includ+ ,r4 ,elijah ,heman & ,r4 ,%ab?a4 ,"h gr[ ! trees f :i* ma/ic is obta9$4 ,two days' voyage takes "o to ! isl& ( ,samos1 :]e !re are #cjj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,%em>ia1 ,r4 ,obadiah1 & ,r4 ,joel4 ,! isl&s h _m congregations ( ,jews4 ,f ,samos x is ?ree days to ,rhodes1 :]e !re are ab\t #djj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,abba1 ,r4 ,hannanel1 & ,r4 ,elijah4 ,x is f\r days' voyage f "h to ,cyprus1 :]e !re are ,rabbanite ,jews & ,k>aites2 !re are also "s h]etical ,jews call$ ,epikurs91 :om ! ,israelites h excommunicat$ 9 all places4 ,!y pr(ane ! eve ( ! sabba?1 & obs]ve ! fir/ night ( ! week1 :i* is ! t]m9ation ( ! sabba?#ej4 p4#bf ,f ,cyprus x is f\r days' j\rney to ,curicus 7,kur*71 :i* is ! beg9n+ ( ! l& call$ ,arm5ia1 & ?is is ! fronti] ( ! empire ( ,?oros#ea1 rul] ( ! m\nta9s1 & k+ ( ,arm5ia1 ^: dom9ions ext5d to ! prov9ce ( ,trunia#eb1 & to ! c\ntry ( ! ,tog>mim or ,turks4 ,f !re x is two days' j\rney to ,malmi/ras1 :i* is ,t>%i%1 situat$ by ! sea2 & ?us f> ext5ds ! k+dom ( ! ,javanim or ,greeks#ec4 ,!nce x is two days' j\rney to ,antio* ! ,great1 situat$ on ! riv] ,fur 7,orontes71 :i* is ! riv] ,jabbok1 t fl[s f ,m\nt ,lebanon & f ! l& ( ,hama?#ed4 ,?is is ! great city :i* ,antio*us ! k+ built4 ,! city lies by a l(ty m\nta91 :i* is surr\nd$ by ! city-wall4 ,at ! top ( ! m\nta9 is a well1 f :i* a man appo9t$ = t purpose directs ! wat] by means ( tw5ty subt]ranean passages to ! h\ses ( ! great m5 ( ! city4 ,! o!r "p ( ! city is surr\nd$ by ! riv]4 ,x is a /rongly =tifi$ city1 & is "u ! sway ( ,pr9ce ,boemond ,poitev9#ee1 surnam$ le ,baube4 ,t5 ,jews#ef dwell "h1 engag$ 9 glass-mak+1 & at _! head are ,r4 ,mordecai1 ,r4 ,*ayim1 & ,r4 ,samuel4 p4#bg ,f "h x is two days' j\rney to ,lega1 or ,ladikiya1 :]e !re are ab\t #ajj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,*ayim & ,r4 ,joseph4 ,!nce x is two days' j\rney to ,gebal 7,gebela71 :i* is ,baal-,gad1 at ! foot ( ,lebanon#eg4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood dwells a p call$ ,al-,ha%i%im#eh4 ,!y d n believe 9 ! religion ( ,islam1 b foll[ "o ( _! own folk1 :om !y reg>d z _! prophet1 & all t he tells !m to d !y c>ry out1 :e!r = dea? or life4 ,!y call him ! ,%eik ,al ,ha%i%im1 & he is kn[n z _! ,eld]4 ,at 8 ^w ^! m\nta9e]s g out & come 94 ,_! pr9cipal seat is ,kadmus1 :i* is ,k$emo? 9 ! l& ( ,sihon4 ,!y are fai?ful to ea* o!r1 b a s\rce ( t]ror to _! neighb\rs1 kill+ ev5 k+s at ! co/ ( _! own lives4 ,! ext5t ( _! l& is eight days' j\rney4 ,& !y are at w> ) ! sons ( ,edom :o are call$ ! ,franks1 & ) ! rul] ( ,tripolis1 :i* is ,t>abulus el ,%am#ei4 ,at ,tripolis 9 ye>s gone by !re 0 an e>?quake1 :5 _m ,g5tiles & ,jews p]i%$1 = h\ses & walls fell ^u !m4 ,!re 0 great de/ruction at t "t ?r\gh\t ! ,l& ( ,israel1 & m ?an #bj1jjj s\ls p]i%$#fj4 p4#bh ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ! o!r ,gebal 7,gubail71 :i* bord]s on ! l& ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon1 & "h !re are ab\t #aej ,jews4 ,! place is "u ! rule ( ! ,g5oese1 ! "n ( ! gov]nor be+ ,guillelmus ,embriacus#fa4 ,"h 0 f\nd a temple belong+ to ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon 9 old5 times1 & an idol ( !irs seat$ ^u a ?rone or *air1 & made ( /one ov]laid ) gold4 ,two wom5 are repres5t$ sitt+ "o on ! "r & "o on ! left ( x1 & !re is an alt> 9 front be=e :i* ! ,ammonites us$ to sacrifice & burn inc5se#fb4 ,!re are ab\t #bjj ,jews !re1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,meir1 ,r4 ,jacob1 & ,r4 ,sim*ah4 ,! place is situat$ on ! sea-bord] ( ! l& ( ,israel4 ,f !re x is two days' j\rney to ,beirut1 or ,be]o?1 :]e !re are ab\t fifty ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,solomon1 ,r4 ,obadiah1 & ,r4 ,joseph4 ,!nce x is "o day's j\rney to ,saida1 :i* is ,sidon1 a l>ge city1 ) ab\t tw5ty ,jews4 p4#bi ,t5 miles !refrom a p dwell :o are at w> ) ! m5 ( ,sidon2 !y are call$ ,druses1 & are pagans ( a lawless "*4 ,!y inhabit ! m\nta9s & ! clefts ( ! rocks2 !y h no k+ or rul]1 b dwell indep5d5t 9 ^! high places1 & _! bord] ext5ds to ,m\nt ,h]mon1 :i* is a ?ree days' j\rney4 ,!y are /eep$ 9 vice1 bro!rs m>ry+ _! si/]s1 & fa!rs _! daught]s4 ,!y h "o fea/-day 9 ! ye>1 :5 !y all collect1 bo? m5 & wom51 to eat & dr9k toge!r1 & !y !n int]*ange _! wives#fc4 ,!y say t at ! "t :5 ! s\l leaves ! body x passes 9 ! case ( a good man into ! body ( a newborn *ild1 & 9 ! case ( a bad man into ! body ( a dog or an ass4 ,su* are _! fooli% beliefs4 ,!re are no resid5t ,jews among !m1 b a c]ta9 numb] ( ,jewi% h&icraftsm5 & dy]s come among !m = ! sake ( trade1 & !n return1 ! p be+ fav\rable to ! ,jews4 p4#cj ,!y roam ov] ! m\nta9s & hills1 & no man c d battle ) !m4 ,f ,sidon x is half a day's j\rney to ,s>epta 7,s>f5d71 :i* belongs to ,sidon4 ,!nce x is a half-day to ,new ,tyre 7,sur71 :i* is a v f9e city1 ) a h>b\r 9 its mid/4 ,at night-"t ^? t levy dues ?r[ iron *a9s f t[] to t[]1 s t no man c g =? by boat or 9 any o!r way to rob ! %ips by night4 ,!re is no h>b\r l ?is 9 ! :ole _w4 ,tyre is a beautiful city4 ,x conta9s ab\t #ejj ,jews1 "s ( !m s*ol>s ( ! ,talmud1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,ephraim ( ,tyre1 ! ,dayan1 ,r4 ,meir f ,c>cassonne1 & ,r4 ,abraham1 head ( ! congregation4 ,! ,jews own sea-go+ vessels1 & !re are glass-mak]s among/ !m :o make t f9e ,tyrian glass-w>e :i* is priz$ 9 all c\ntries4 ,9 ! vic9ity is f\nd sug> ( a high class1 = m5 plant x "h1 & p come f all l&s to buy x#fd4 ,a man c asc5d ! walls ( ,new ,tyre & see anci5t ,tyre1 :i* ! sea has n[ cov]$1 ly+ at a /one's ?r[ f ! new city4 p4#ca ,& %\ld "o c>e to g =? by boat1 "o c see ! ca/les1 m>ket-places1 /reets1 & palaces 9 ! b$ ( ! sea4 ,new ,tyre is a busy place ( comm]ce1 to :i* m]*ants flock f all qu>t]s4 ,"o day's j\rney br+s "o to ,acre1 ! ,acco ( old1 :i* is on ! bord]s ( ,a%]2 x is ! comm5cem5t ( ! l& ( ,israel4 ,situat$ by ! ,great ,sea1 x possesses a l>ge h>b\r = all ! pilgrims :o come to ,j]usalem by %ip4 ,a /ream runs 9 front ( x1 call$ ! brook ( ,k$umim#fe4 ,ab\t #bjj ,jews live !re1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,zadok1 ,r4 ,japhe?1 & ,r4 ,jonah4 ,f !re x is ?ree p>asangs to ,haifa1 :i* is ,haheph]#ff on ! seabo>d1 & on ! o!r side is ,m\nt ,c>mel#fg1 at ! foot ( :i* !re are _m ,jewi% graves4 ,on ! m\nta9 is ! cave ( ,elijah1 :]e ! ,*ri/ians h erect$ a /ructure call$ ,/4 ,elias4 ,on ! top ( ! m\nta9 c be recogniz$ ! ov]?r[n alt> :i* ,elijah repair$ 9 ! days ( ,ahab4 ,! site ( ! alt> is circul>1 ab\t f\r cubits rema9 !re(1 & at ! foot ( ! m\nta9 ! brook ,ki%on fl[s4 p4#cb ,f "h x is f\r p>asangs to ,cap]naum1 :i* is ! village ( ,nahum1 id5tical ) ,maon1 ! home ( ,nabal ! ,c>melite#fh4 ,six p>asangs f "h is ,caes>ea1 ! ,ga?#fi ( ! ,phili/9es1 & "h !re are ab\t #bjj ,jews & #bjj ,cu?im4 ,^! are ! ,jews ( ,%omron1 :o are call$ ,sam>itans4 ,! city is fair & beautiful1 & lies by ! sea4 ,x 0 built by ,caes>1 & call$ aft] him ,caes>ea4 ,!nce x is half a day's j\rney to ,kako#gj1 ! ,keilah ( ,scripture4 ,!re are no ,jews "h4 ,!nce x is half a day's j\rney to ,/4 ,george1 :i* is ,ludd#ga1 :]e !re lives "o ,jew1 :o is a dy]4 ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ,seba/iya1 :i* is ! city ( ,%omron 7,sam>ia71 & "h ! ru9s ( ! palace ( ,ahab ! son ( ,omri may be se54 ,x 0 =m]ly a well-=tifi$ city by ! m\nta9-side1 ) /reams ( wat]4 ,x is /ill a l& ( brooks ( wat]1 g>d5s1 or*>ds1 v9ey>ds1 & olive groves1 b no ,jews dwell "h4 ,!nce x is two p>asangs to ,nabl\s1 :i* is ,%e*em on ,m\nt ,ephraim1 :]e !re are no ,jews2 ! place is situat$ 9 ! valley betwe5 ,m\nt ,g]izim & ,m\nt ,ebal1 & conta9s ab\t #a1jjj ,cu?im1 :o obs]ve ! writt5 law ( ,moses alone1 & are call$ ,sam>itans4 p4#cc ,!y h prie/s ( ! se$ 7( ,a>on71 & !y call !m ,a>onim1 :o d n int]m>ry ) ,cu?im1 b w$ only among/ !mselves#gb4 ,^! prie/s (f] sacrifices1 & br+ burnt-(f]+s 9 _! place ( assembly on ,m\nt ,g]izim1 z x is writt5 9 _! law--,& ?\ %alt set ! bless+ on ,m\nt ,g]izim4 ,!y say t ?is is ! prop] site ( ! ,temple4 ,on ,passov] & ! o!r fe/ivals !y (f] up burnt-(f]+s on ! alt> :i* !y h built on ,m\nt ,g]izim1 z x is writt5 9 _! law--,ye %all set up ! /ones ^u ,m\nt ,g]izim1 ( ! /ones :i* ,jo%ua & ! *ildr5 ( ,israel set up at ! ,jordan4 ,!y say t !y are desc5d$ f ! tribe ( ,ephraim4 ,& 9 ! mid/ ( !m is ! grave ( ,joseph1 ! son ( ,jacob our fa!r1 z x is writt5--& ! bones ( ,joseph buri$ !y 9 ,%e*em#gc4 ,_! alphabet lacks ?ree lett]s1 namely ,hebrew3 ,he1 ,hebrew3 ,he?1 & ,hebrew3 ,a9#gd4 ,! lett] ,hebrew3 ,he is tak5 f ,abraham our fa!r1 because !y h no dignity1 ! lett] ,hebrew3 ,he? f ,isaac1 because !y h no k9dl9ess1 & ! lett] ,hebrew3 ,a9 f ,jacob1 because !y h no humility4 p4#cd ,9 place ( ^! lett]s !y make use ( ! ,aleph1 by :i* we c tell t !y are n ( ! se$ ( ,israel1 al?\gh !y "k ! law ( ,moses ) ! exception ( ^! ?ree lett]s4 ,!y gu>d !mselves f ! defilem5t ( ! dead1 ( ! bones ( ! sla91 & ( graves2 & !y remove ! g>m5ts :i* !y h worn be=e !y g to ! place ( wor%ip1 & !y ba! & put on fre% clo!s4 ,?is is _! con/ant practice4 ,on ,m\nt ,g]izim are f\nta9s & g>d5s & plantations1 b ,m\nt ,ebal is rocky & b>r52 & betwe5 !m 9 ! valley lies ! city ( ,%e*em4 ,f ! latt] place x is a di/ance ( f\r p>asangs to ,m\nt ,gilboa1 :i* ! ,*ri/ians call ,mont ,gilboa2 x lies 9 a v p>*$ di/rict4 ,& f !re x is five#ge 4441 a village :]e !re are no ,jews4 ,!nce x is two p>asangs to ! valley ( ,ajalon#gf1 :i* ! ,*ri/ians call ,val-de-,luna4 ,at a di/ance ( "o p>asang is ,mahom]ie-le-,gr&1 :i* is ,gibeon ! ,great2 x conta9s no ,jews4 ,f !re x is ?ree p>asangs to ,j]usalem1 :i* is a small city1 =tifi$ by ?ree walls4 ,x is full ( p :om ! ,mohamm$ans call ,jacobites1 ,syrians1 ,greeks1 ,georgians & ,franks1 & ( p ( all tongues4 p4#ce ,x conta9s a dye+-h\se1 = :i* ! ,jews pay a small r5t annually to ! k+#gg1 on condition t besides ! ,jews no o!r dy]s be all[$ 9 ,j]usalem4 ,!re are ab\t #bjj ,jews :o dwell "u ! ,t[] ( ,david 9 "o corn] ( ! city#gh4 ,! l[] portion ( ! wall ( ! ,t[] ( ,david1 to ! ext5t ( ab\t t5 cubits1 is "p ( ! anci5t f\ndation set up by our ance/ors1 ! rema9+ portion hav+ be5 built by ! ,mohamm$ans4 ,!re is no /ructure 9 ! :ole city /rong] ?an ! ,t[] ( ,david4 ,! city also conta9s two build+s1 f "o ( :i*--! hospital--!re issue =? f\r hundr$ knights2 & !re9 all ! sick :o come ?i!r are lodg$ & c>$ = 9 life & 9 dea?#gi4 ,! o!r build+ is call$ ! ,temple ( ,solomon2 x is ! palace built by ,solomon ! k+ ( ,israel4 ,?ree hundr$ knights are qu>t]$ !re1 & issue !refrom e day = milit>y ex]cise1 besides ^? :o come f ! l& ( ! ,franks & ! o!r p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom1 hav+ tak5 ^u !mselves to s]ve !re a ye> or two until _! v[ is fulfill$4 ,9 ,j]usalem is ! great *ur* call$ ! ,sepul*re1 & "h is ! burial-place ( ,jesus1 unto :i* ! ,*ri/ians make pilgrimages4 p4#cf ,j]usalem#hj has f\r gates--! gate ( ,abraham1 ! gate ( ,david1 ! gate ( ,zion1 & ! gate ( ,gu%pat1 :i* is ! gate ( ,jeho%aphat1 fac+ our anci5t ,temple1 n[ call$ ,templum ,dom9i4 ,^u ! site ( ! sanctu>y ,om> b5 al ,khataab erect$ an edifice ) a v l>ge & magnific5t cupola1 into :i* ! ,g5tiles d n br+ any image or effigy1 b !y m]ely come !re to pray4 ,9 front ( ?is place is ! we/]n wall1 :i* is "o ( ! walls ( ! ,holy ( ,holies4 ,?is is call$ ! ,gate ( ,m]cy1 & ?i!r come all ! ,jews to pray be=e ! wall ( ! c\rt ( ! ,temple4 ,9 ,j]usalem1 atta*$ to ! palace :i* belong$ to ,solomon1 are ! /ables built by him1 =m+ a v sub/antial /ructure1 compos$ ( l>ge /ones1 & ! l ( x is n to be se5 any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,!re is also visible up to ?is day ! pool us$ by ! prie/s be=e (f]+ _! sacrifices1 & ! ,jews com+ ?i!r write _! names ^u ! wall4 ,! gate ( ,jeho%aphat leads to ! valley ( ,jeho%aphat1 :i* is ! ga!r+-place ( nations#ha4 ,"h is ! pill> call$ ,absalom's ,h&1 & ! sepul*re ( ,k+ ,uzziah#hb4 p4#cg ,9 ! neighb\rhood is also a great spr+1 call$ ! ,wat]s ( ,siloam1 connect$ ) ! brook ( ,kidron4 ,ov] ! spr+ is a l>ge /ructure dat+ f ! "t ( our ance/ors1 b little wat] is f\nd1 & ! p ( ,j]usalem = ! mo/ "p dr9k ! ra9-wat]1 :i* !y collect 9 ci/]ns 9 _! h\ses4 ,f ! valley ( ,jeho%aphat "o asc5ds ! ,m\nt ( ,olives2 x is ! valley only :i* sep>ates ,j]usalem f ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4 ,f ! ,m\nt ( ,olives "o sees ! ,sea ( ,sodom1 & at a di/ance ( two p>asangs f ! ,sea ( ,sodom is ! ,pill> ( ,salt into :i* ,lot's wife 0 turn$2 ! %eep lick x cont9ually1 b aft]w>ds x rega9s its orig9al %ape#hc4 ,! :ole l& ( ! pla9 & ! valley ( ,%ittim z f> z ,m\nt ,nebo are visible f "h4 ,9 front ( ,j]usalem is ,m\nt ,zion1 on :i* !re is no build+1 except a place ( wor%ip belong+ to ! ,*ri/ians4 ,fac+ ,j]usalem = a di/ance ( ?ree miles are ! cemet]ies#hd belong+ to ! ,israelites1 :o 9 ! days ( old buri$ _! dead 9 caves1 & ^u ea* sepul*re is a dat$ inscription1 b ! ,*ri/ians de/roy ! sepul*res1 employ+ ! /ones !re( 9 build+ _! h\ses4 ,^! sepul*res rea* z f> z ,zelzah 9 ! t]ritory ( ,b5jam94 ,ar\nd ,j]usalem are high m\nta9s4 p4#ch ,on ,m\nt ,zion are ! sepul*res ( ! ,h\se ( ,david1 & ! sepul*res ( ! k+s t rul$ aft] him4 ,! exact place _c be id5tifi$1 inasmu* z fifte5 ye>s ago a wall ( ! *ur* ( ,m\nt ,zion fell 94 ,! ,patri>* comm&$ ! ov]se] to take ! /ones ( ! old walls & re/ore !re) ! *ur*4 ,he did s1 & hir$ workm5 at fix$ wages2 & !re 7 tw5ty m5 :o br\ght ! /ones f ! base ( ! wall ( ,zion4 ,among ^! m5 !re 7 two :o 7 sworn fri5ds4 ,on a c]ta9 day ! "o ent]ta9$ ! o!r2 aft] _! meal !y return$ to _! "w1 :5 ! ov]se] said to !m1 ,:y h y t>ri$ to-day8 ,!y answ]$1 ,:y ne$ y compla98 ,:5 our fell[ workm5 g to _! meal we w d our "w4 ,:5 ! d9n]-"t arriv$1 & ! o!r workm5 _h gone to _! meal1 !y exam9$ ! /ones1 & rais$ a c]ta9 /one :i* =m$ ! entrance to a cave4 ,!reupon "o said to ! o!r1 ,let u g 9 & see if any money is to be f\nd !re4 ,!y ent]$ ! cave1 & rea*$ a l>ge *amb] re/+ ^u pill>s ( m>ble ov]laid ) silv] & gold4 p4#ci ,9 front 0 a table ( gold & a sceptre & cr[n4 ,?is 0 ! sepul*re ( ,k+ ,david4 ,on ! left !re( 9 l fa%ion 0 ! sepul*re ( ,k+ ,solomon2 !n foll[$ ! sepul*res ( all ! k+s ( ,judah t 7 buri$ !re4 ,clos$ c(f]s 7 also !re1 ! cont5ts ( :i* no man kn[s4 ,! two m5 essay$ to ent] ! *amb]1 :5 a fi]ce w9d came =? f ! entrance ( ! cave & smote !m1 & !y fell to ! gr\nd l dead m51 & !re !y lay until ev5+4 ,& !re came =? a w9d l a man's voice1 cry+ out3 ,arise & g =? f ?is place6 ,s ! m5 ru%$ =? 9 t]ror1 & !y came unto ! ,patri>*1 & relat$ ^! ?+s to him4 ,!reupon ! ,patri>* s5t = ,rabbi ,abraham el ,con/ant9i1 ! pi\s recluse1 :o 0 "o ( ! m\rn]s ( ,j]usalem1 & to him he relat$ all ^! ?+s accord+ to ! report ( ! two m5 :o _h come =?4 ,!n ,rabbi ,abraham repli$1 ,^! are ! sepul*res ( ! ,h\se ( ,david2 !y belong to ! k+s ( ,judah1 & on ! morr[ let u ent]4 ,i & y & ^! m51 & f9d out :at is !re4 p4#dj ,& on ! morr[ !y s5t = ! two m51 & f\nd ea* ( !m ly+ on 8 b$ 9 t]ror1 & ! m5 said3 ,we w n ent] !re1 = ! ,"l do? n desire to %[ x to any man4 ,!n ! ,patri>* gave ord]s t ! place %\ld be clos$ up & hidd5 f ! sight ( man unto ?is day4 ,^! ?+s 7 told me by ! said ,rabbi ,abraham4 ,f ,j]usalem x is two p>asangs to ,be?lehem1 :i* is call$ by ! ,*ri/ians ,be?-,leon1 & close !reto1 at a di/ance ( ab\t half a mile1 at ! p>t+ ( ! way1 is ! pill> ( ,ra*el's grave1 :i* is made up ( elev5 /ones1 correspond+ ) ! numb] ( ! sons ( ,jacob4 ,^u x is a cupola re/+ on f\r columns1 & all ! ,jews t pass by c>ve _! names ^u ! /ones ( ! pill>#he4 ,at ,be?lehem !re are two ,jewi% dy]s4 ,x is a l& ( brooks ( wat]1 & conta9s wells & f\nta9s4 ,at a di/ance ( six p>asangs is ,/4 ,abram de ,bron1 :i* is ,hebron2 ! old city /ood on ! m\nta91 b is n[ 9 ru9s2 & 9 ! valley by ! field ( ,ma*pelah lies ! pres5t city4 p4#da ,"h !re is ! great *ur* call$ ,/4 ,abram1 & ?is 0 a ,jewi% place ( wor%ip at ! "t ( ! ,mohamm$an rule1 b ! ,g5tiles h erect$ !re six tombs1 respectively call$ ^? ( ,abraham & ,s>ah1 ,isaac & ,rebekah1 ,jacob & ,leah4 ,! cu/odians tell ! pilgrims t ^! are ! tombs ( ! ,patri>*s1 = :i* in=mation ! pilgrims give !m money4 ,if a ,jew comes1 h[ev]1 & gives a special rew>d1 ! cu/odian ( ! cave op5s unto him a gate ( iron1 :i* 0 con/ruct$ by our =efa!rs1 & !n he is able to desc5d bel[ by means ( /eps1 hold+ a light$ c&le 9 8 h&4 ,he !n rea*es a cave1 9 :i* no?+ is to be f\nd1 & a cave beyond1 :i* is likewise empty1 b :5 he rea*es ! ?ird cave behold !re are six sepul*res1 ^? ( ,abraham1 ,isaac & ,jacob1 respectively fac+ ^? ( ,s>ah1 ,rebekah & ,leah4 ,& ^u ! graves are inscriptions cut 9 /one2 ^u ! grave ( ,abraham is engrav$ ,?is is ! grave ( ,abraham2 ^u t ( ,isaac1 ,?is is ! grave ( ,isaac1 ! son ( ,abraham our ,fa!r2 ^u t ( ,jacob1 ,?is is ! grave ( ,jacob1 ! son ( ,isaac1 ! son ( ,abraham our ,fa!r2 & ^u ! o!rs1 ,?is is ! grave ( ,s>ah1 ,?is is ! grave ( ,rebekah1 & ,?is is ! grave ( ,leah4 ,a lamp burns day & night ^u ! graves 9 ! cave4 ,"o f9ds !re _m casks fill$ ) ! bones ( ,israelites1 z ! memb]s ( ! h\se ( ,israel 7 wont to br+ ! bones ( _! fa!rs ?i!r & to deposit !m !re to ?is day#hf4 p4#db ,beyond ! field ( ,ma*pelah is ! h\se ( ,abraham2 !re is a well 9 front ( ! h\se1 b out ( rev]5ce = ! ,patri>* ,abraham no "o is all[$ to build 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,f ,hebron x is five p>asangs to ,beit ,jibr91 :i* is ,m>e%ah1 :]e !re are b ?ree ,jews#hg4 ,?ree p>asangs fur!r "o rea*es ,/4 ,samuel ( ,%iloh4 ,?is is ! ,%iloh :i* is two p>asangs f ,j]usalem4 ,:5 ! ,*ri/ians captur$ ,ramlah1 ! ,ramah ( old1 f ! ,mohamm$ans1 !y f\nd !re ! grave ( ,samuel ! ,rama?ite close to a ,jewi% synagogue4 ,! ,*ri/ians took ! rema9s1 convey$ !m unto ,%iloh1 & erect$ ov] !m a l>ge *ur*1 & call$ x ,/4 ,samuel ( ,%iloh unto ?is day#hh4 ,f !re x is ?ree p>asangs to ,mahom]ie-le-petit#hi1 :i* is ,gibeah ( ,saul1 :]e !re are no ,jews1 & ?is is ,gibeah ( ,b5jam94 ,!nce ?ree p>asangs to ,beit ,nuba#ij1 :i* is ,nob1 ! city ( prie/s4 p4#dc ,9 ! middle ( ! way are ! two crags ( ,jona?an1 ! "n ( ! "o be+ ,bozez1 & ! "n ( ! o!r ,s5eh#ia4 ,two ,jewi% dy]s dwell !re4 ,!nce x is ?ree p>asangs to ,rams1 or ,ramleh1 :]e !re are rema9s ( ! walls f ! days ( our ance/ors1 = ?us x 0 f\nd writt5 ^u ! /ones4 ,ab\t #cjj ,jews dwell !re4 ,x 0 =m]ly a v great city2 at a di/ance ( two miles !re is a l>ge ,jewi% cemet]y#ib4 ,!nce x is five p>asangs to ,yafa or ,jaffa1 :i* is on ! seabo>d1 & "o ,jewi% dy] lives "h4 ,f "h x is five p>asangs to ,ibel9 or ,jabneh1 ! seat ( ! ,academy1 b !re are no ,jews !re at ?is day4 ,?us f> ext5ds ! t]ritory ( ,ephraim4 ,f !re x is five p>asangs to ,palmid1 :i* is ,a%dod ( ! ,phili/9es1 n[ 9 ru9s2 no ,jews dwell !re4 ,!nce x is two p>asangs to ,a%kelonah or ,new ,askelon1 :i* ,ezra ! prie/ built by ! sea4 p4#dd ,x 0 orig9ally call$ ,b5e ,b]ak4 ,! place is f\r p>asangs di/ant f ! anci5t ru9$ city ( ,askelon4 ,new ,askelon is a l>ge & fair place1 & m]*ants come ?i!r f all qu>t]s1 = x is situat$ on ! fronti] ( ,egypt4 ,ab\t #bjj ,rabbanite ,jews dwell "h1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,zema*1 ,r4 ,a>on1 & ,r4 ,solomon2 also ab\t =ty ,k>aites1 & ab\t #cjj ,cu?im4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! city !re is a well1 :i* !y call ,bir ,abraham2 ?is ! ,patri>* dug 9 ! days ( ! ,phili/9es#ic4 ,f !re x is a j\rney ( a day to ,/4 ,george#id ( ,ludd3 !nce x is a day & a half to ,z]9 or ,jezreel1 :]e !re is a l>ge spr+4 ,"o ,jewi% dy] lives "h4 ,?ree p>asangs fur!r is ,saffuriya or ,sepphoris4 ,"h are ! graves ( ,rabb5u ,hakkado%1 ( ,rabban ,gamaliel1 & ( ,r4 ,*iya1 :o came up f ,babylon1 also ( ,jonah ! son ( ,amittai2 !y are all buri$ 9 ! m\nta9#ie4 ,_m o!r ,jewi% graves are "h4 p4#de ,!nce x is five p>asangs to ,tib]ias1 :i* is situat$ ^u ! ,jordan1 :i* is "h call$ ! ,sea ( ,*9n]e?4 ,! ,jordan at ?is place fl[s ?r\gh a valley betwe5 two m\nta9s1 & fills ! lake1 :i* is call$ ! ,lake ( ,*9n]e?2 ?is is a l>ge & broad piece ( wat] l ! sea4 ,! ,jordan fl[s betwe5 two m\nta9s1 & ov] ! pla9 :i* is ! place t is call$ ,a%do? ,hapisgah1 & !nce cont9ues its c\rse till x falls into ! ,sea ( ,sodom1 :i* is ! ,salt ,sea4 ,9 ,tib]ias !re are ab\t fifty ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,abraham ! a/ronom]1 ,r4 ,mu*t>1 & ,r4 ,isaac4 ,!re are hot wat]s "h1 :i* bubble up f ! gr\nd1 & are call$ ! ,hot ,wat]s ( ,tib]ias4 ,ne> by is ! ,synagogue ( ,caleb b5 ,jephunneh1 & ,jewi% sepul*res4 ,r4 ,johanan b5 ,zakkai & ,r4 ,jehudah ,halevi#if are buri$ "h4 ,all ^! places are situat$ 9 ,l[] ,galilee4 ,f "h x is two days to ,tym9 or ,timna?ah1 :]e ,simon ! ,j#ig & _m ,israelites are buri$1 & !nce ?ree p>asangs to ,m$on or ,m]on4 ,9 ! neighb\rhood !re is a cave 9 :i* are ! sepul*res ( ,hillel & ,%ammai4 ,"h also are tw5ty sepul*res ( disciples1 includ+ ! sepul*res ( ,r4 ,b5jam9 b5 ,japhe?1 & ( ,r4 ,jehudah b5 ,be!ra4 ,f ,m]on x is two p>asangs to ,almah1 :]e !re are ab\t fifty ,jews4 ,!re is a l>ge ,jewi% cemet]y "h1 ) ! sepul*res ( ,r4 ,eleaz> b5 ,arak1 ( ,r4 ,eleaz> b5 ,az>iah1 ( ,*uni ,hamaagal1 ( ,raban ,simeon b5 ,gamaliel1 & ( ,r4 ,jose ,hagelili#ih4 p4#df ,f "h x is half a day's j\rney to ,kades1 or ,k$e% ,naphtali1 ^u ! ,jordan4 ,"h is ! sepul*re ( ,b>ak ! son ( ,ab9oam4 ,no ,jews dwell "h4 ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ,banias1 :i* is ,dan1 :]e !re is a cav]n1 f :i* ! ,jordan issues & fl[s = a di/ance ( ?ree miles1 :5 ! ,arnon1 :i* comes f ! bord]s ( ,moab1 jo9s x#ii4 ,9 front ( ! cav]n may be disc]n$ ! site ( ! alt> associat$ ) ! grav5 image ( ,micah1 :i* ! *ildr5 ( ,dan wor%ipp$ 9 anci5t days4 ,?is is also ! site ( ! alt> ( ,j]oboam1 :]e ! gold5 calf 0 set up4 ,?us f> rea*es ! b\nd>y ( ! l& ( ,israel t[>ds ! utt]mo/ sea#ajj4 p4#dg ,two days' j\rney br+s "o to ,damascus1 ! great city1 :i* is ! comm5cem5t ( ! empire ( ,nur-ed-d91 ! k+ ( ! ,tog>mim1 call$ ,turks4 ,x is a fair city ( l>ge ext5t1 surr\nd$ by walls1 ) _m g>d5s & plantations1 ext5d+ ov] fifte5 miles on ea* side1 & no di/rict ri*] 9 fruit c be se5 9 all ! _w4 ,f ,m\nt ,h]mon desc5d ! riv]s ,amana & ,ph>p>2 = ! city is situat$ at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,h]mon4 ,! ,amana fl[s ?r\gh ! city1 & by means ( aqu$ucts ! wat] is convey$ to ! h\ses ( ! great p1 & into ! /reets & m>ket-places4 ,! ,ph>p> fl[s ?r\gh _! g>d5s & plantations4 ,x is a place c>ry+ on trade ) all c\ntries4 ,"h is a mosque ( ! ,arabs call$ ! ,gami ( ,damascus2 !re is no build+ l x 9 ! :ole _w1 & !y say t x 0 a palace ( ,b5 ,hadad4 ,"h is a wall ( cry/al glass ( magic workman%ip1 ) ap]tures accord+ to ! days ( ! ye>1 & z ! sun's rays ent] ea* ( !m 9 daily succession ! h\rs ( ! day c be told by a graduat$ dial4 ,9 ! palace are *amb]s built ( gold & glass1 & if p walk r\nd ! wall !y are able to see "o ano!r1 al?\gh ! wall is betwe5 !m4 ,& !re are columns ov]laid ) gold & silv]1 & columns ( m>ble ( all col\rs#aja4 ,& 9 ! c\rt !re is a gigantic head ov]laid ) gold & silv]1 & fa%ion$ l a b[l ) rims ( gold & silv]4 ,x is z big z a cask1 & ?ree m5 c ent] !re9 at ! same "t to ba!4 ,9 ! palace is susp5d$ ! rib ( "o ( ! giants1 ! l5g? be+ n9e cubits1 & ! wid? two cubits2 & !y say x belong$ to ! ,k+ ,anak ( ! giants ( old1 ^: "n 0 ,abramaz#ajb4 p4#dh ,= s x 0 f\nd inscrib$ on 8 grave1 :]e x 0 also writt5 t he rul$ ov] ! :ole _w4 ,?ree ?\s& ,jews abide 9 ?is city1 & among/ !m are le>n$ & ri* m5#ajc4 ,! head ( ! ,academy ( ! l& ( ,israel resides "h#ajd4 ,8 "n is ,r4 ,az>iah1 & ) him are 8 bro!r1 ,s> ,%alom1 ! head ( ! ,be? ,d93 ,r4 ,joseph1 ! fif? ( ! ,academy3 ,r4 ,mazlia*1 ! lectur]1 ! head ( ! ord]3 ,r4 ,meir1 ! cr[n ( ! s*ol>s3 ,r4 ,joseph b5 ,al ,pila?1 ! pill> ( ! ,academy3 ,r4 ,heman1 ! w>d53 & ,r4 ,z$ekiah1 ! physician4 ,"o hundr$ ,k>aites dwell "h1 also #djj ,cu?im1 & !re is peace betwe5 !m1 b !y d n int]m>ry4 ,x is a day's j\rney to ,galid1 :i* is ,gilead1 & sixty ,israelites are !re1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,zadok1 ,r4 ,isaac1 & ,r4 ,solomon4 ,x is a place ( wide ext5t1 ) brooks ( wat]1 g>d5s1 & plantations4 ,!nce x is half a day to ,salkat1 :i* is ,sal*ah ( old#aje4 p4#di ,!nce x is half a day's j\rney to ,baalbec1 :i* is ,baala? 9 ! pla9s ( ,lebanon1 & :i* ,solomon built = ! daught] ( ,ph>aoh4 ,! palace is built ( l>ge /ones1 ea* /one hav+ a l5g? ( tw5ty cubits & a wid? ( twelve cubits1 & !re are no spaces betwe5 ! /ones4 ,x is said t ,a%m$ai alone c\ld h put up ?is build+4 ,f ! upp] "p ( ! city a great spr+ wells =? & fl[s into ! middle ( ! city z a wide /ream1 & alongside !re( are mills & g>d5s & plantations 9 ! mid/ ( ! city4 ,at ,t>mod 7,tadmor7 9 ! wild]ness1 :i* ,solomon built1 !re are simil> /ructures ( huge /ones4#ajf ,! city ( ,t>mod is surr\nd$ by walls2 x is 9 ! des]t f> away f inhabit$ places1 & is f\r days' j\rney f ,baala?1 j m5tion$4 ,& 9 ,t>mod !re are ab\t #b1jjj ,jews4 ,!y are valiant 9 w> & fight ) ! ,*ri/ians & ) ! ,arabs1 :i* latt] are "u ! dom9ion ( ,nur-ed-d9 ! k+1 & !y help _! neighb\rs ! ,i%maelites4 ,at _! head are ,r4 ,isaac ,hajvani1 ,r4 ,na?an1 & ,r4 ,uziel4 ,f ,baalbec to ,k>jaten1 :i* #as ,kirja?im1 is a di/ance ( half a day2 no ,jews live !re except "o dy]4 ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ,emesa1 :i* is a city ( ! ,zem>ites1 :]e ab\t tw5ty ,jews dwell#ajg4 ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ,hamah1 :i* is ,hama?4 ,x lies on ! riv] ,jabbok at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,lebanon#ajh4 p4#ej ,"s "t ago !re 0 a great e>?quake 9 ! city1 & #be1jjj s\ls p]i%$ 9 "o day1 & ( ab\t #bjj ,jews b sev5ty escap$4 ,at _! head are ,r4 ,eli ,hacoh51 & ! ,%eik ,abu ,galib & ,mukht>4 ,!nce x is half a day to ,%eiz>1 :i* is ,hazor#aji1 & f !re x is ?ree p>asangs to ,dim9 7,latm974 p4#ea ,!nce x is two days to ,haleb 7,aleppo7 or ,aram ,zoba1 :i* is ! royal city ( ,nur-ed-d94 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! city is 8 palace surr\nd$ by a v high wall4 ,?is is a v l>ge place4 ,!re is no well !re nor any /ream1 b ! inhabitants dr9k ra9wat]1 ea* "o possess+ a ci/]n 9 8 h\se#aaj4 ,! city has #e1jjj ,jewi% inhabitants1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,moses el ,con/ant9i & ,r4 ,se?4 ,!nce x is two days to ,balis#aaa1 :i* is ,pe?or on ! riv] ,euphrates1 & unto ?is day !re /&s ! turret ( ,balaam1 :i* he built to tell ! h\rs ( ! day4 ,ab\t t5 ,jews live "h4 ,!nce x is half a day to ,kalat ,jab>1 :i* is ,selah ( ! wild]ness1 t 0 left unto ! ,arabs at ! "t ! ,tog>mim took _! l& & caus$ !m to fly into ! wild]ness4 ,ab\t #b1jjj ,jews dwell !re1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,z$ekiah1 ,r4 ,*iya1 & ,r4 ,solomon4 ,!nce x is "o day's j\rney to ,rakka#aab1 or ,sal*ah1 :i* is on ! conf9es ( ! l& ( ,%9>1 & :i* divides ! l& ( ! ,tog>mim f t k+dom4 ,9 x !re are #gjj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,zakkai & ,r4 ,n$ib1 :o is bl9d1 & ,r4 ,joseph4 ,!re is a synagogue "h1 erect$ by ,ezra :5 he w5t =? f ,babylon to ,j]usalem4 ,at two days' di/ance lies anci5t ,h>ran1 :]e tw5ty ,jews live#aac4 ,"h is ano!r synagogue erect$ by ,ezra1 & 9 ?is place /ood ! h\se ( ,t]ah & ,abraham 8 son4 ,! gr\nd is n cov]$ by any build+1 & ! ,mohamm$ans hon\r ! site & come ?i!r to pray4 ,!nce x is a j\rney ( two days to ,ras-el-,a9#aad1 :5ce proce$s ! riv] ,el ,khabur--! ,habor ( old--:i* fl[s ?r\gh ! l& ( ,m$ia1 & falls into ! riv] ,gozan#aae4 ,"h !re are #bjj ,jews#aaf4 ,!nce x is two days to ,geziret ,ibn ,om>1 :i* is surr\nd$ by ! riv] ,hiddekel 7,tigris71 at ! foot ( ! m\nta9s ( ,ar>at4 p4#eb ,x is a di/ance ( f\r miles to ! place :]e ,noah's ,ark re/$1 b ,om> b5 al ,khataab took ! ark f ! two m\nta9s & made x into a mosque = ! ,mohamm$ans#aag4 ,ne> ! ark is ! ,synagogue ( ,ezra to ?is day1 & on ! n9? ( ,ab ! ,jews come ?i!r f ! city to pray4 ,9 ! city ( ,geziret ,om> are #d1jjj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,mub*>1 ,r4 ,joseph & ,r4 ,*iya4 ,!nce x is two days to ,mosul1 :i* is ,assur ! ,great1 & "h dwell ab\t #g1jjj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,zakkai ! ,nasi ( ! se$ ( ,david1 & ,r4 ,joseph surnam$ ,burhan-al-mulk1 ! a/ronom] to ! ,k+ ,s9-ed-d91 ! bro!r ( ,nur-ed-d91 ,k+ ( ,damascus#aah4 ,mosul is ! fronti] t[n ( ! l& ( ,p]sia4 p4#ec ,x is a v l>ge & anci5t city1 situat$ on ! riv] ,hiddekel 7,tigris71 & is connect$ ) ,n9eveh by means ( a bridge4 ,n9eveh is 9 ru9s1 b amid ! ru9s !re are villages & hamlets1 & ! ext5t ( ! city may be det]m9$ by ! walls1 :i* ext5d =ty p>asangs to ! city ( ,irbil#aai4 ,! city ( ,n9eveh is on ! riv] ,hiddekel4 ,9 ! city ( ,assur 7,mosul7 is ! synagogue ( ,obadiah1 built by ,jonah2 also ! synagogue ( ,nahum ! ,elko%ite#abj4 ,!nce x is a di/ance ( ?ree days to ,rahbah1 :i* is on ! riv] ,euphrates4 ,"h !re are ab\t #b1jjj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,hezekiah1 ,r4 ,tahor & ,r4 ,isaac4 ,x is a v f9e city1 l>ge & =tifi$1 & surr\nd$ by g>d5s & plantations4 ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ,k>kisiya :i* is ,c>*emi%1 on ! riv] ,euphrates4 ,"h !re are ab\t #ejj ,jews1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,isaac & ,r4 ,elhanan4 ,!nce x is two days to ,el-,anb> :i* is ,pumb$ita 9 ,neh>dea#aba4 ,"h reside #c1jjj ,jews1 & among/ !m are le>n$ m51 at _! head be+ ! *ief rabbi ,r4 ,*51 ,r4 ,moses & ,r4 ,jehoiakim4 ,"h are ! graves ( ,rab ,jehuda & ,samuel1 & 9 front ( ! graves ( ea* ( !m are ! synagogues :i* !y built 9 _! lifetime4 ,"h is also ! grave ( ,bo/anai ! ,nasi1 ! head ( ! ,captivity1 & ( ,r4 ,na?an & ,rab ,na*man ! son ( ,papa4 p4#ed ,!nce x takes five days to ,had>a1 :]e ab\t #ae1jjj ,jews dwell1 at _! head be+ ,r4 ,zak51 ,r4 ,jehosef & ,r4 ,ne?anel#abb4 ,!nce x takes two days to ,okb>a1 ! city1 :i* ,jeconiah ! ,k+ built1 :]e !re are ab\t #aj1jjj ,jews1 & at _! head are ,r4 ,*anan1 ,r4 ,jab9 & ,r4 ,i%mael4 ,!nce x is two days to ,bagdad1 ! great city & ! royal resid5ce ( ! ,caliph ,emir al ,mum99 al ,abbasi ( ! family ( ,mohamm$4 ,he is at ! head ( ! ,mohamm$an religion1 & all ! k+s ( ,islam obey him2 he occupies a simil> position to t held by ! ,pope ov] ! ,*ri/ians#abc4 ,he has a palace 9 ,bagdad ?ree miles 9 ext5t1 :]e9 is a great p>k ) all v>ieties ( trees1 fruit-be>+ & o!rwise1 & all mann] ( animals4 ,! :ole is surr\nd$ by a wall1 & 9 ! p>k !re is a lake ^: wat]s are f$ by ! riv] ,hiddekel4 ,:5ev] ! k+ desires to indulge 9 recreation & to rejoice & fea/1 8 s]vants cat* all mann] (' birds1 game & fi%1 & he goes to 8 palace ) 8 c\nsellors & pr9ces4 p4#ee ,!re ! great k+1 ,al ,abbasi ! ,caliph 7,hafiz7 holds 8 c\rt1 & he is k9d unto ,israel1 & _m belong+ to ! p ( ,israel are 8 att5dants2 he kn[s all languages1 & is well v]s$ 9 ! law ( ,israel4 ,he reads & writes ! holy language 7,hebrew74 ,he w n p>take ( any?+ unless he has e>n$ x by ! "w ( 8 own h&s4 ,he makes cov]lets to :i* he atta*es 8 seal2 8 c\rti]s sell !m 9 ! m>ket1 & ! great ones ( ! l& pur*ase !m1 & ! proce$s !re( provide 8 su/5ance4 ,he is tru?ful & tru/y1 speak+ peace to all m54 ,! m5 ( ,islam see him b once 9 ! ye>4 ,! pilgrims t come f di/ant l&s to g unto ,mecca :i* is 9 ! l& ,el-,yem51 are anxi\s to see 8 face1 & !y assemble be=e ! palace exclaim+ ,our ,"l1 light ( ,islam & glory ( our ,law1 %[ u ! effulg5ce ( ?y c\nt5ance1 b he pays no reg>d to _! words4 p4#ef ,!n ! pr9ces :o m9i/] unto him say to him1 ,our ,"l1 spread =? ?y peace unto ! m5 t h come f di/ant l&s1 :o crave to abide "u ! %ad[ ( ?y graci\sness1 & !reupon he arises & lets d[n ! hem ( 8 robe f ! w9d[1 & ! pilgrims come & kiss x#abd1 & a pr9ce says unto !m ,g =? 9 peace1 = our ,ma/] ! ,"l ( ,islam grante? peace to y4 ,he is reg>d$ by !m z ,mohamm$ & !y g to _! h\ses rejoic+ at ! salutation :i* ! pr9ce has v\*saf$ unto !m1 & glad at he>t t !y h kiss$ 8 robe4 ,ea* ( 8 bro!rs & ! memb]s ( 8 family has an abode 9 8 palace1 b !y are all fett]$ 9 *a9s ( iron1 & gu>ds are plac$ ov] ea* ( _! h\ses s t !y may n rise aga9/ ! great ,caliph4 ,= once x happ5$ to a pr$ecessor t 8 bro!rs rose up aga9/ him & proclaim$ "o ( !mselves z ,caliph2 !n x 0 decre$ t all ! memb]s ( 8 family %\ld be b\nd1 t !y might n rise up aga9/ ! rul+ ,caliph4 ,ea* "o ( !m resides 9 8 palace 9 great spl5d\r1 & !y own villages & t[ns1 & _! /ew>ds br+ !m ! tribute !re(1 & !y eat & dr9k & rejoice all ! days ( _! life#abe4 ,)9 ! doma9s ( ! palace ( ! ,caliph !re are great build+s ( m>ble & columns ( silv] & gold1 & c>v+s ^u r>e /ones are fix$ 9 ! walls4 p4#eg ,9 ! ,caliph's palace are great ri*es & t[]s fill$ ) gold1 silk5 g>m5ts & all preci\s /ones4 ,he does n issue =? f 8 palace save once 9 ! ye>1 at ! fea/ :i* ! ,mohamm$ans call ,el-id-b$ ,ramazan1 & !y come f di/ant l&s t day to see him4 ,he rides on a mule & is attir$ 9 ! royal robes ( gold & silv] & f9e l952 on 8 head is a turban adorn$ ) preci\s /ones ( priceless value1 & ov] ! turban is a black %awl z a sign ( 8 mode/y1 imply+ t all ?is glory w be cov]$ by d>kness on ! day ( dea?4 ,he is accompani$ by all ! nobles ( ,islam dress$ 9 f9e g>m5ts & rid+ on horses1 ! pr9ces ( ,arabia1 ! pr9ces ( ,tog>ma & ,daylam 7,gilan7 & ! pr9ces ( ,p]sia1 ,m$ia & ,ghuzz1 & ! pr9ces ( ! l& ( ,tibet1 :i* is ?ree mon?s' j\rney di/ant1 & we/w>d ( :i* lies ! l& ( ,sam>k&4 ,he proce$s f 8 palace to ! great mosque ( ,islam :i* is by ! ,basrah ,gate4 p4#eh ,along ! road ! walls are adorn$ ) silk & purple1 & ! inhabitants receive him ) all k9ds ( song & exultation1 & !y dance be=e ! great k+ :o is /yl$ ! ,caliph4 ,!y salute him ) a l\d voice & say1 ,peace unto !e1 our ,"l ! ,k+ & ,light ( ,islam6 ,he kisses 8 robe1 & /ret*+ =? ! hem !re( he salutes !m4 ,!n he proce$s to ! c\rt ( ! mosque1 m\nts a wood5 pulpit & exp\nds to !m _! ,law4 ,!n ! le>n$ ones ( ,islam arise & pray = him & extol 8 greatness & 8 graci\sness1 to :i* !y all respond4 ,aft]w>ds he gives !m 8 bless+1 & !y br+ be=e him a camel :i* he slays1 & ?is is _! passov]-sacrifice4 ,he gives !re( unto ! pr9ces & !y di/ribute x to all1 s t !y may ta/e ( ! sacrifice br\ght by _! sacr$ k+2 & !y all rejoice4 ,aft]w>ds he leaves ! mosque & returns alone to 8 palace by way ( ! riv] ,hiddekel1 & ! gr&ees ( ,islam accompany him 9 %ips on ! riv] until he ent]s 8 palace4 ,he does n return ! way he came2 & ! road :i* he takes along ! riv]-side is wat*$ all ! ye> ?r\gh1 s t no man %all tread 9 8 foot/eps4 ,he does n leave ! palace aga9 = a :ole ye>4 ,he is a b5evol5t man4 p4#ei ,he built1 on ! o!r side ( ! riv]1 on ! banks ( an arm ( ! ,euphrates :i* !re bord]s ! city1 a hospital consi/+ ( blocks ( h\ses & hospices = ! sick poor :o come to be heal$#abf4 ,"h !re are ab\t sixty physicians' /ores :i* are provid$ f ! ,caliph's h\se ) drugs & :atev] else may be requir$4 ,e sick man :o comes is ma9ta9$ at ! ,caliph's exp5se & is m$ically treat$4 ,"h is a build+ :i* is call$ ,d>-al-,m>i/an1 :]e !y keep *>ge ( ! dem5t$ p :o h become insane 9 ! t[ns ?r\gh ! great heat 9 ! summ]1 & !y *a9 ea* ( !m 9 iron *a9s until _! reason becomes re/or$ to !m 9 ! w9t]-"t4 ,:il/ !y abide !re1 !y are provid$ ) food f ! h\se ( ! ,caliph1 & :5 _! reason is re/or$ !y are dismiss$ & ea* "o ( !m goes to 8 h\se & 8 home4 ,money is giv5 to ^? t h /ay$ 9 ! hospices on _! return to _! homes4 ,e mon? ! (fic]s ( ! ,caliph inquire & inve/igate :e!r !y h rega9$ _! reason1 9 :i* case !y are dis*>g$4 ,all ?is ! ,caliph does out ( *>ity to ^? t come to ! city ( ,bagdad1 :e!r !y be sick or insane4 ,! ,caliph is a righte\s man1 & all 8 actions are = good4 p4#fj ,9 ,bagdad !re are ab\t #dj1jjj ,jews#abg1 & !y dwell 9 security1 prosp]ity & hon\r "u ! great ,caliph1 & among/ !m are great sages1 ! heads ( ,academies engag$ 9 ! /udy ( ! law4 ,9 ?is city !re are t5 ,academies4 ,at ! head ( ! great ,academy is ! *ief rabbi ,r4 ,samuel1 ! son ( ,eli4 ,he is ! head ( ! ,academy ,gaon ,jacob4 ,he is a ,levite1 & traces 8 p$igree back to ,moses our tea*]4 ,! head ( ! second ,academy is ,r4 ,hanania 8 bro!r1 w>d5 ( ! ,levites2 ,r4 ,daniel is ! head ( ! ?ird ,academy2 ,r4 ,elaz> ! s*ol> is ! head ( ! f\r? ,academy2 & ,r4 ,elaz>1 ! son ( ,zema*1 is ! head ( ! ord]1 & 8 p$igree rea*es to ,samuel ! prophet1 ! ,korahite4 ,he & 8 bre?r5 "k h[ to *ant ! melodies z did ! s+]s at ! "t :5 ! ,temple 0 /&+4 ,he is head ( ! fif? ,academy4 ,r4 ,hisdai1 ! glory ( ! s*ol>s1 is head ( ! six? ,academy4 ,r4 ,haggai is head ( ! sev5? ,academy4 ,r4 ,ezra is ! head ( ! eigh? ,academy4 ,r4 ,abraham1 :o is call$ ,abu ,tahir1 is ! head ( ! n9? ,academy4 ,r4 ,zakkai1 ! son ( ,bo/anai ! ,nasi1 is ! head ( ! ,sium#abh4 p4#fa ,^! are ! t5 ,batlanim#abi1 & !y d n engage 9 any o!r "w ?an communal adm9i/ration2 & all ! days ( ! week !y judge ! ,jews _! c\ntrym51 except on ! second day ( ! week1 :5 !y all appe> be=e ! *ief rabbi ,samuel1 ! head ( ! ,ye%iba ,gaon 7,jacob71 :o 9 conjunction ) ! o!r ,batlanim judges all ^? t appe> be=e him4 ,& at ! head ( !m all is ,daniel ! son ( ,hisdai1 :o is /yl$ ,our ,"l ! ,head ( ! ,captivity ( all ,israel4 ,he possesses a book ( p$igrees go+ back z f> z ,david1 ,k+ ( ,israel4 ,! ,jews call him ,our ,"l1 ,head ( ! ,captivity1 & ! ,mohamm$ans call him ,saidna b5 ,da\d1 & he has be5 inve/$ ) au?ority ov] all ! congregations ( ,israel at ! h&s ( ! ,emir al ,mum991 ! ,"l ( ,islam#acj4 ,= ?us ,mohamm$ comm&$ conc]n+ him & 8 desc5dants2 & he grant$ him a seal ( (fice ov] all ! congregations t dwell "u 8 rule1 & ord]$ t e "o1 :e!r ,mohamm$an or ,jew1 or belong+ to any o!r nation 9 8 dom9ion1 %\ld rise up be=e him 7! ,exil>*7 & salute him1 & t any "o :o %\ld refuse to rise up %\ld receive "o hundr$ /ripes#aca4 p4#fb ,& e fif? day :5 he goes to pay a visit to ! great ,caliph1 horsem51 ,g5tiles z well z ,jews1 escort him1 & h]alds proclaim 9 advance1 ,make way be=e our ,"l1 ! son ( ,david1 z is due unto him1 ! ,arabic words be+ ,amilu t>ik la ,saidna b5 ,daud4 ,he is m\nt$ on a horse1 & is attir$ 9 robes ( silk & embroid]y ) a l>ge turban on 8 head1 & f ! turban is susp5d$ a long :ite clo? adorn$ ) a *a9 ^u :i* ! ciph] ( ,mohamm$ is engrav$4 ,!n he appe>s be=e ! ,caliph & kisses 8 h&1 & ! ,caliph rises & places him on a ?rone :i* ,mohamm$ _h ord]$ to be made = him1 & all ! ,mohamm$an pr9ces :o att5d ! c\rt ( ! ,caliph rise up be=e him4 ,& ! ,head ( ! ,captivity is seat$ on 8 ?rone opposite to ! ,caliph1 9 compliance ) ! comm& ( ,mohamm$ to give effect to :at is writt5 9 ! law--,! sceptre %all n dep>t f ,judah nor a law-giv] f betwe5 8 feet1 until he come to ,%iloh3 & to him %all ! ga!r+ ( ! p be4 ,! au?ority ( ! ,head ( ! ,captivity ext5ds ov] all ! communities ( ,%9>1 ,p]sia1 ,khurasan & ,%eba :i* is ,el-,yem51 & ,diy> ,kala* 7,bekr7 & ! l& ( ,aram ,nah>aim 7,mesopotamia71 & ov] ! dwell]s 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,ar>at & ! l& ( ! ,alans#acb1 :i* is a l& surr\nd$ by m\nta9s & has no outlet except by ! iron gates :i* ,alex&] made1 b :i* 7 aft]w>ds brok54 ,"h are ! p call$ ,alani4 ,8 au?ority ext5ds also ov] ! l& ( ,sib]ia1 & ! communities 9 ! l& ( ! ,tog>mim unto ! m\nta9s ( ,asveh & ! l& ( ,gurgan1 ! inhabitants ( :i* are call$ ,gurganim :o dwell by ! riv] ,gihon#acc1 & ^! are ! ,girga%ites :o foll[ ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,fur!r x ext5ds to ! gates ( ,sam>k&1 ! l& ( ,tibet1 & ! l& ( ,india4 ,9 respect ( all ^! c\ntries ! ,head ( ! ,captivity gives ! communities p[] to appo9t ,rabbis & ,m9i/]s :o come unto him to be consecrat$ & to receive 8 au?ority4 p4#fc ,!y br+ him (f]+s & gifts f ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,he owns hospices1 g>d5s & plantations 9 ,babylon1 & mu* l& inh]it$ f 8 fa!rs1 & no "o c take 8 possessions f him by =ce4 ,he has a fix$ weekly rev5ue aris+ f ! hospices ( ! ,jews1 ! m>kets & ! m]*ants1 ap>t f t :i* is br\ght to him f f>-(f l&s4 ,! man is v ri*1 & wise 9 ! ,scriptures z well z 9 ! ,talmud1 & _m ,israelites d9e at 8 table e day4 ,at 8 in/allation1 ! ,head ( ! ,captivity gives mu* money to ! ,caliph1 to ! ,pr9ces & ! ,m9i/]s4 ,on ! day t ! ,caliph p]=ms ! c]emony ( inve/+ him ) au?ority1 he rides 9 ! second ( ! royal equipages1 & is escort$ f ! palace ( ! ,caliph to 8 own h\se ) timbrels & fifes4 ,! ,exil>* appo9ts ! ,*iefs ( ! ,academies by plac+ 8 h& ^u _! heads1 ?us in/all+ !m 9 _! (fice#acd4 ,! ,jews ( ! city are le>n$ m5 & v ri*4 p4#fd ,9 ,bagdad !re are tw5ty-eight ,jewi% ,synagogues1 situat$ ei!r 9 ! city itself or 9 ,al-,k>kh on ! o!r side ( ! ,tigris2 = ! riv] divides ! metropolis into two p>ts4 ,! great synagogue ( ! ,head ( ! ,captivity has columns ( m>ble ( v>i\s col\rs ov]laid ) silv] & gold1 & on ^! columns are s5t5ces ( ! ,psalms 9 gold5 lett]s4 ,& 9 front ( ! ark are ab\t t5 /eps ( m>ble2 on ! topmo/ /ep are ! seats ( ! ,head ( ! ,captivity & ( ! ,pr9ces ( ! ,h\se ( ,david4 ,! city ( ,bagdad is tw5ty miles 9 circumf]5ce1 situat$ 9 a l& ( palms1 g>d5s & plantations1 ! l ( :i* is n to be f\nd 9 ! :ole l& ( ,%9>4 ,p come ?i!r ) m]*&ise f all l&s4 ,wise m5 live !re1 philosoph]s :o "k all mann] ( wisdom1 & magicians exp]t 9 all mann] ( wit*craft4 ,!nce x is two days to ,gazigan :i* is call$ ,res54 ,x is a l>ge city conta9+ ab\t #e1jjj ,jews4 ,9 ! mid/ ( x is ! ,synagogue ( ,rabbah#ace--;a l>ge "o4 ,he is buri$ close to ! ,synagogue1 & b5ea? 8 sepul*re is a cave :]e twelve ( 8 pupils are buri$4 p4#fe ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ,babylon1 :i* is ! ,babel ( old4 ,! ru9s !re( are ?irty miles 9 ext5t#acf4 ,! ru9s ( ! palace ( ,nebu*adnezz> are /ill to be se5 !re1 b p are afraid to ent] !m on acc\nt ( ! s]p5ts & scorpions4 ,ne> at h&1 )9 a di/ance ( a mile1 !re dwell #c1jjj ,israelites :o pray 9 ! ,synagogue ( ! ,pavilion ( ,daniel1 :i* is anci5t & 0 erect$ by ,daniel4 ,x is built ( hewn /ones & bricks4 ,betwe5 ! ,synagogue & ! ,palace ( ,nebu*adnezz> is ! furnace into :i* 7 ?r[n ,hananiah1 ,mi%ael1 & ,az>iah1 & ! site ( x lies 9 a valley#acg kn[n unto all4 ,!nce x is five p>asangs to ,hillah1 :]e !re are #aj1jjj ,israelites & f\r ,synagogues3 t ( ,r4 ,meir1 :o lies buri$ be=e x2 ! ,synagogue ( ,m> ,ke%i%a1 :o is buri$ 9 front ( x2 also ! ,synagogue ( ,rab ,zeiri1 ! son ( ,*ama1 & ! ,synagogue ( ,r4 ,m>i2 ! ,jews pray !re e day4 ,!nce x is f\r miles to ! ,t[] ( ,babel1 :i* ! g5]ation ^: language 0 conf\nd$ built ( ! bricks call$ ,agur4 p4#ff ,! l5g? ( its f\ndation is ab\t two miles1 ! bread? ( ! t[] is ab\t =ty cubits1 & ! l5g? !re( two hundr$ cubits4 ,at e t5 cubits' di/ance !re are slopes :i* g r\nd ! t[] by :i* "o c asc5d to ! top#ach4 ,"o c see f !re a view tw5ty miles 9 ext5t1 z ! l& is level4 ,!re fell fire f heav5 into ! mid/ ( ! t[] :i* split x to its v dep?s4 ,!nce x is half a day to ,kaphri1 :]e !re are ab\t #bjj ,jews4 ,"h is ! ,synagogue ( ,r4 ,isaac ,nap*a1 :o is buri$ 9 front ( x4 ,!nce x is ?ree p>asangs to ! ,synagogue ( ,ezekiel1 ! prophet ( bless$ memory1 :i* is by ! riv] ,euphrates#aci4 ,x is front$ by sixty turrets1 & betwe5 ea* turret !re is a m9or ,synagogue1 & 9 ! c\rt ( ! ,synagogue is ! ark1 & at ! back ( ! ,synagogue is ! sepul*re ( ,ezekiel4 ,x is surm\nt$ by a l>ge cupola1 & x is a v h&some /ructure4 ,x 0 built ( old by ,k+ ,jeconiah1 k+ ( ,judah1 & ! #ce1jjj ,jews :o came ) him1 :5 ,evil-m]oda* br\ght him =? out ( prison4 ,?is place is by ! riv] ,*eb> on ! "o side1 & by ! riv] ,euphrates on ! o!r1 & ! names ( ,jeconiah & ^? t accompani$ him are engrav$ on ! wall3 ,jeconiah at ! top1 & ,ezekiel at ! bottom4 p4#fg ,?is place is held sacr$ by ,israel z a less] sanctu>y unto ?is day1 & p come f a di/ance to pray !re f ! "t ( ! ,new ,ye> until ! ,day ( ,atonem5t4 ,! ,israelites h great rejoic+s on ^! occasions4 ,?i!r also come ! ,head ( ! ,captivity1 & ! ,heads ( ! ,academies f ,bagdad4 ,_! camp occupies a space ( ab\t two miles1 & ,arab m]*ants come !re z well4 ,a great ga!r+ l a fair takes place1 :i* is call$ ,f]a1 & !y br+ =? a scroll ( ! ,law writt5 on p>*m5t by ,ezekiel ! ,prophet1 & read f x on ! ,day ( ,atonem5t4 ,a lamp burns day & night ov] ! sepul*re ( ,ezekiel2 ! light !re( has be5 kept burn+ f ! day t he light$ x himself1 & !y cont9ually r5ew ! wick !re(1 & repl5i% ! oil unto ! pres5t day4 ,a l>ge h\se belong+ to ! sanctu>y is fill$ ) books1 "s ( !m f ! "t ( ! fir/ temple1 & "s f ! "t ( ! second temple1 & he :o has no sons consecrates 8 books to its use4 ,! ,jews t come ?i!r to pray f ! l& ( ,p]sia & ,m$ia br+ ! money :i* _! c\ntrym5 h (f]$ to ! ,synagogue ( ,ezekiel ! ,prophet4 ,! ,synagogue owns prop]ty1 l&s & villages1 :i* belong$ to ,k+ ,jeconiah1 & :5 ,mohamm$ came he confirm$ all ^! rights to ! ,synagogue ( ,ezekiel#adj4 p4#fh ,di/+ui%$ ,mohamm$ans also come hi!r to pray1 s great is _! love = ,ezekiel ! ,prophet2 & !y call x ,b> 7,d>7 ,meli*a 7! ,dwell+ ( ,beauty74 ,all ! ,arabs come !re to pray#ada4 ,at a di/ance ( ab\t half a mile f ! ,synagogue are ! sepul*res ( ,hananiah1 ,mi%ael1 & ,az>iah1 & ^u _! sepul*res are l>ge cupolas2 & ev5 at times ( di/urbance no man w\ld d>e t\* ! ,mohamm$an or ,jewi% s]vants :o att5d at ! sepul*re ( ,ezekiel4 ,!nce x is ?ree miles to ! city ( ,kotsona?1 :]e !re are #cjj ,jews4 ,"h are ! sepul*res ( ,rab ,papa1 ,rab ,huna1 ,joseph ,s9ai1 & ,rab ,joseph b5 ,hama2 & be=e ea* ( !m is a ,synagogue :]e ! ,israelites pray e day4 ,!nce x is ?ree p>asangs to ,a9 ,sip?a1 :]e !re is ! sepul*re ( ! prophet ,nahum ! ,elko%ite4 ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ,kef> ,al-,k]am1 :]e are ! sepul*res ( ,rab ,*isdai1 ,r4 ,az>iah1 ,r4 ,akiba1 & ,r4 ,dosa4 ,!nce x is a half-day's j\rney to a village 9 ! des]t1 :]e !re are buri$ ,r4 ,david & ,r4 ,jehuda & ,abaji1 ,r4 ,kurdiah1 ,rab ,se*ora1 & ,rab ,ada4 p4#fi ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ! riv] ,raga1 :]e !re is ! sepul*re ( ,k+ ,z$ekiah4 ,^u x is a l>ge cupola4 ,!nce x is a day's j\rney to ! city ( ,kufa1 :]e !re is ! sepul*re ( ,k+ ,jeconiah4 ,ov] x is a big /ructure1 & 9 front !re( is a ,synagogue4 ,!re are ab\t #g1jjj ,jews "h4 ,at ?is place is ! l>ge mosque ( ! ,mohamm$ans1 = "h is buri$ ,ali b5 ,abu ,talib1 ! son-9-law ( ,mohamm$1 & ! ,mohamm$ans come hi!r4444 ,!nce x is a day & a half to ,sura1 :i* is ,mata ,mehasya1 :]e ! ,heads ( ! ,captivity & ! ,heads ( ! ,academies dwelt at fir/#adb4 ,"h is ! sepul*re ( ,r4 ,%]ira1 & ( ,r4 ,hai 8 son ( bless$ memory1 also ( ,r4 ,saadiah ,al-,fiumi1 & ( ,rab ,samuel ! son ( ,h(ni ,hacoh51 & ( ,zephaniah ! son ( ,cu%i ! son ( ,g$aliah1 ! prophet1 & ( ! ,pr9ces ( ! ,h\se ( ,david1 & ( ! ,heads ( ! ,academies :o liv$ !re be=e ! de/ruction ( ! t[n4#adc ,!nce x is two days to ,%afja?ib4 ,"h is a ,synagogue :i* ! ,israelites built f ! e>? ( ,j]usalem & its /ones1 & !y call$ x ,%afja?ib1 :i* is by ,neh>dea4#add ,!nce x is a day & a half's j\rney to ,el-,anb>1 :i* 0 ,pumb$ita 9 ,neh>dea4#ade ,ab\t #c1jjj ,jews dwell !re4 ,! city lies on ! riv] ,euphrates4 ,"h is ! ,synagogue ( ,rab & ,samuel1 & _! h\se ( /udy1 & 9 front ( x are _! graves4 p4#gj ,!nce x is five days to ,hillah4 ,f ?is place x is a j\rney ( tw5ty-"o days by way ( ! des]ts to ! l& ( ,saba1 :i* is call$ ! l& ,el-,yem51 ly+ at ! side ( ! l& ( ,%9> :i* is t[>ds ! ,nor?4#adf ,"h dwell ! ,jews call$ ,kheib>1 ! m5 ( ,teima4 ,& ,teima is _! seat ( gov]nm5t :]e ,r4 ,hanan ! ,nasi rules ov] !m4 ,x is a great city1 & ! ext5t ( _! l& is sixte5 days' j\rney4 ,x is surr\nd$ by m\nta9s--! m\nta9s ( ! nor?4 ,! ,jews own _m l>ge =tifi$ cities4 ,! yoke ( ! ,g5tiles is hnot ^u !m4 ,!y g =? to pillage & to capture booty f di/ant l&s 9 conjunction ) ! ,arabs1 _! neighb\rs & allies4 ,^! ,arabs dwell 9 t5ts1 & !y make ! des]t _! home4 ,!y own no h\ses1 & !y g =? to pillage & to capture booty 9 ! l& ( ,%9> & ,el-,yem54 ,all ! neighb\rs ( ^! ,jews g 9 fe> ( !m4 ,among !m are husb&m5 & own]s ( cattle2 _! l& is ext5sive1 & !y h 9 _! mid/ le>n$ & wise m54 ,!y give ! ti! ( all !y possess unto ! s*ol>s :o sit 9 ! h\se ( le>n+1 also to poor ,israelites & to ! recluses1 :o are ! m\rn]s ( ,zion & ,j]usalem1 & :o d n eat meat nor ta/e w9e1 & sit clad 9 g>m5ts ( black4 p4#ga ,!y dwell 9 caves or und]gr\nd h\ses1 & fa/ ea* day ) ! exception ( ! ,sabba?s & ,fe/ivals1 & implore m]cy ( ! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 on acc\nt ( ! exile ( ,israel1 pray+ t ,he may take pity ^u !m1 & ^u all ! ,jews1 ! m5 ( ,teima1 = ! sake ( ,8 great ,"n1 also ^u ,tilmas ! great city1 9 :i* !re are ab\t #ajj1jjj ,jews#adg4 ,at ?is place lives ,salmon ! ,nasi1 ! bro!r ( ,hanan ! ,nasi2 & ! l& belongs to ! two bro!rs1 :o are ( ! se$ ( ,david1 = !y h _! p$igree 9 writ+4 ,!y address _m que/ions unto ! ,head ( ! ,captivity--_! k9sman 9 ,bagdad--& !y fa/ =ty days 9 ! ye> = ! ,jews t dwell 9 exile4 ,!re are "h ab\t =ty l>ge t[ns & #bjj hamlets & villages4 ,! pr9cipal city is ,tanai1 & 9 all ! di/ricts toge!r !re are ab\t #cjj1jjj ,jews4 ,! city ( ,tanai is well =tifi$1 & 9 ! mid/ !re( ! p s[ & reap4 ,x is fifte5 miles 9 ext5t4 ,"h is ! palace ( ! ,nasi call$ ,salmon4 ,& 9 ,teima dwells ,hanan ! ,nasi1 8 bro!r4 ,x is a beautiful city1 & conta9s g>d5s & plantations4 p4#gb ,& ,tilmas is likewise a great city2 x conta9s ab\t #ajj1jjj ,jews4 ,x is well =tifi$1 & is situat$ betwe5 two high m\nta9s4 ,!re are wise1 discreet1 & ri* m5 among/ ! inhabitants4 ,f ,tilmas to ,kheib> x is ?ree days' j\rney4 ,p say t ! m5 ( ,kheib> belong to ! tribes ( ,reub51 ,gad1 & ,manasseh1 :om ,%almanes]1 k+ ( ,assyria1 l$ hi!r into captivity4 ,!y h built /rongly-=tifi$ cities1 & make w> ^u all o!r k+doms4 ,no man c readily rea* _! t]ritory1 because x is a m>* ( eighte5 days' j\rney ?r\gh ! des]t1 :i* is altoge!r un9habit$1 s t no "o c ent] ! l&4 ,kheib> is a v l>ge city ) #ej1jjj ,jews#adh4 ,9 x are le>n$ m51 & great w>riors1 :o wage w> ) ! m5 ( ,%9> & ( ! l& ( ! nor?1 z well z ) ! bord]+ tribes ( ! l& ( ,el-,yem5 ne> !m1 :i* latt] c\ntry is on ! conf9es ( ,india#adi4 ,return+ f _! l&1 x is a j\rney ( tw5ty-five days to ! riv] ,virae1 :i* is 9 ! l& ( ,el-,yem51 :]e ab\t #c1jjj ,jews dwell#aej1 & among/ !m are _m a ,rabbi & ,dayan4 p4#gc ,!nce x takes five days to ,basra 7,bassorah7 :i* lies on ! riv] ,tigris4 ,"h !re are #aj1jjj ,jews1 & among !m are s*ol>s & _m ri* m54 ,!nce x is two days to ! riv] ,sam>a1 :i* is ! comm5cem5t ( ! l& ( ,p]sia4 #a1ejj ,jews live ne> ! sepul*re ( ,ezra1 ! prie/1 :o w5t =? f ,j]usalem to ,k+ ,artax]xes & di$ "h4 ,9 front ( 8 sepul*re is a l>ge synagogue4 ,& at ! side !re( ! ,mohamm$ans erect$ a h\se ( pray] out ( _! great love & v5]ation = him1 & !y l ! ,jews on t acc\nt4 ,& ! ,mohamm$ans come hi!r to pray#aea4 ,!nce x is f\r days to ,khuzi/an1 :i* is ,elam4 ,?is prov9ce is n inhabit$ 9 its entirety1 = "p ( x lies wa/e4 ,9 ! mid/ ( its ru9s is ,%u%an 7,susa71 ! capital1 ! site ( ! palace ( ,k+ ,ahasu]us4 ,"h are ! rema9s ( a l>ge /ructure ( great antiquity4 ,! city conta9s ab\t #g1jjj ,jews & f\rte5 synagogues4 p4#gd ,9 front ( "o ( ! synagogues is ! sepul*re ( ,daniel ( bless$ memory4 ,! riv] ,tigris divides ! city1 & ! bridge connects ! two p>ts4 ,on ! "o side :]e ! ,jews dwell is ! sepul*re ( ,daniel4 ,"h ! m>ket-places us$ to be1 conta9+ great /ores ( m]*&ise1 by :i* ! ,jews became enri*$4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! bridge !y 7 poor1 because !y _h no m>ket-places nor m]*ants !re1 only g>d5s & plantations4 ,& !y became jeal\s1 & said ,all ?is prosp]ity enjoy$ by ^? on ! o!r side is due to ! m]its ( ,daniel ! prophet :o lies buri$ !re4 ,!n ! poor p ask$ ^? :o dwelt on ! o!r side to place ! sepul*re ( ,daniel 9 _! mid/1 b ! o!rs w\ld n comply4 ,s w> prevail$ betwe5 !m = _m days1 & no "o w5t =? or came 9 on acc\nt ( ! great /rife betwe5 !m4 ,at l5g? bo? p>ties gr[+ tir$ ( ?is /ate ( ?+s took a wise view ( ! matt]1 & made a compact1 namely1 t ! c(f9 ( ,daniel %\ld be tak5 = "o ye> to ! "o side & = ano!r ye> to ! o!r side4 ,?is !y did1 & bo? sides became ri*4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ,s9j> ,%ah-b5-,%ah1 :o rul$ ov] ! k+dom ( ,p]sia & _h =ty-five k+s subject to 8 au?ority1 came to ?is place4 p4#ge ,he is call$ ,sultan-al-,f>s-al-,khabir 9 ,arabic 7! mighty ,sov]eign ( ,p]sia71 & x is he :o rul$ f ! riv] ,sam>a unto ! city ( ,sam>k&1 & unto ! riv] ,gozan & ! cities ( ,m$ia & ! m\nta9s ( ,*afton#aeb4 ,he rul$ also ov] ,tibet1 9 ! =e/s :]e( "o f9ds ! animals f :i* ! musk is obta9$#aec4 ,! ext5t ( 8 ,empire is a j\rney ( f\r mon?s4 ,:5 ?is great ,emp]or ,s9j>1 k+ ( ,p]sia1 saw t !y took ! c(f9 ( ,daniel f "o side ( ! riv] to ! o!r1 & t a great multitude ( ,jews1 ,mohamm$ans & ,g5tiles1 & _m p f ! c\ntry 7 cross+ ! bridge1 he ask$ ! mean+ ( ?is proce$+1 & !y told him ^! ?+s4 ,he said1 ,x is n meet to d ?is ignom9y unto ,daniel ! prophet1 b ,i comm& y to measure ! bridge f bo? sides1 & to take ! c(f9 ( ,daniel & place x inside ano!r c(f9 ( cry/al1 s t ! wood5 c(f9 be )9 t ( cry/al1 & to susp5d ?is f ! middle ( ! bridge by a *a9 ( iron2 at ?is spot y mu/ build a synagogue = all com]s1 s t :oev] wi%es to pray !re1 be he ,jew or ,g5tile1 may d s4 ,& to ?is v day ! c(f9 is susp5d$ f ! bridge4 ,& ! k+ comm&$ t out ( respect = ,daniel no fi%]man %\ld cat* fi% )9 a mile above or a mile bel[4#aed p4#gf ,!nce x takes ?ree days to ,rudb> :]e !re are ab\t #bj1jjj ,israelites1 & among !m are le>n$ & ri* m54 ,b ! ,jews live !re "u great oppression4 ,!nce x is two days to ,nihaw&1 :]e !re are #d1jjj ,israelites4 ,!nce x is f\r days to ! l& ( ,mulahid4 ,"h live a p :o d n pr(ess ! ,mohamm$an religion1 b live on high m\nta9s1 & wor%ip ! ,old ,man ( ! l& ( ! ,ha%i%im#aee4 ,& among !m !re are f\r communities ( ,israel :o g =? ) !m 9 w>-"t4 ,!y are n "u ! rule ( ! k+ ( ,p]sia1 b reside 9 ! high m\nta9s1 & desc5d f ^! m\nta9s to pillage & to capture booty1 & !n return to ! m\nta9s1 & none c ov]come !m4 ,!re are le>n$ m5 among/ ! ,jews ( _! l&4 p4#gg ,^! ,jews are "u ! au?ority ( ! ,head ( ! ,captivity 9 ,babylon4 ,!nce x is five days to ,amadia :]e !re are ab\t #be1jjj ,israelites#aef4 ,?is is ! fir/ ( ^? communities t dwell 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,*afton1 :]e !re are m ?an #ajj ,jewi% communities4 ,"h is ! comm5cem5t ( ! l& ( ,m$ia4 ,^! ,jews belong to ! fir/ captivity :i* ,k+ ,%almanez> l$ away2 & !y speak ! language 9 :i* ! ,t>gum is writt54 ,among/ !m are le>n$ m54 ,! communities rea* f ! prov9ce ( ,amadia unto ! prov9ce ( ,gilan1 tw5ty-five days di/ant1 on ! bord] ( ! k+dom ( ,p]sia4 ,!y are "u ! au?ority ( ! k+ ( ,p]sia1 & he raises a tribute f !m ?r\gh ! h&s ( 8 (fic]1 & ! tribute :i* !y pay e ye> by way ( poll tax is "o gold amir1 :i* is equival5t to "o & "o-?ird m>av$i4 ,?is tax has to be paid by all males 9 ! l& ( ,islam :o are ov] ! age ( fifte54 ,at ?is place 7,amadia71 !re arose ?is day t5 ye>s ago1 a man nam$ ,david ,alroy ( ! city ( ,amadia#aeg4 ,he /udi$ "u ,*isdai ! ,head ( ! ,captivity1 & "u ! ,head ( ! ,academy ,gaon ,jacob1 9 ! city ( ,bagdad1 & he 0 well v]s$ 9 ! ,law ( ,israel1 9 ! ,hala*ah1 z well z 9 ! ,talmud1 & 9 all ! wisdom ( ! ,mohamm$ans1 also 9 secul> lit]ature & 9 ! writ+s ( magicians & soo?say]s4 p4#gh ,he conceiv$ ! idea ( rebell+ aga9/ ! k+ ( ,p]sia1 & ( collect+ ! ,jews :o live 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,*afton to g =? & to fight aga9/ all ! nations1 & to m>* & capture ,j]usalem4 ,he %[$ signs by pret5d$ miracles to ! ,jews1 & said1 ,! ,holy ,"o1 bless$ be ,he1 s5t me to capture ,j]usalem & to free y f ! yoke ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,& ! ,jews believ$ 9 him & call$ him _! ,messiah4 ,:5 ! k+ ( ,p]sia he>d ( x he s5t = him to come & speak ) him4 ,alroy w5t to him )\t fe>1 & :5 he _h audi5ce ( ! k+1 ! latt] ask$ him1 ,art ?\ ! k+ ( ! ,jews8 ,he answ]$1 ,i am4 ,!n ! k+ 0 wra?1 & comm&$ t he %\ld be seiz$ & plac$ 9 ! prison ( ! k+1 ! place :]e ! k+'s prison]s 7 b\nd unto ! day ( _! dea?1 9 ! city ( ,tab>i/an :i* is on ! l>ge riv] ,gozan4 ,at ! end ( ?ree days1 :il/ ! k+ 0 sitt+ delib]at+ ) 8 pr9ces conc]n+ ! ,jews :o _h rebell$1 ,david sudd5ly /ood be=e !m4 ,he _h escap$ f ! prison )\t ! k ( any man4 p4#gi ,& :5 ! k+ saw him1 he said to him1 ,:o br\ght !e hi!r1 & :o has releas$ !e8 ,my own wisdom & skill1 answ]$ ! o!r2 = ,i am n afraid ( !e1 nor ( any ( ?y s]vants4 ,! k+ =?) l\dly bade 8 s]vants to seize him1 b !y answ]$1 ,we _c see any man1 al?\gh our e>s he> him4 ,!n ! k+ & all 8 pr9ces m>vell$ at 8 subtlety2 b he said to ! k+ ,i w g my way2 s he w5t =?4 ,& ! k+ w5t aft] him2 & ! pr9ces & s]vants foll[$ _! k+ until !y came to ! riv]-side4 ,!n ,alroy took (f 8 mantle & spread x on ! face ( ! wat] to cross !reon4 ,:5 ! s]vants ( ! k+ saw t he cross$ ! wat] on 8 mantle1 !y pursu$ him 9 small boats1 wi%+ to br+ him back1 b !y 7 unable1 & !y said1 ,!re is no wiz>d l ?is 9 ! :ole _w4 ,t self-same day he w5t a j\rney ( t5 days to ! city ( ,amadia by ! /r5g? ( ! ineffable ,"n1 & he told ! ,jews all t _h befall5 him1 & !y 7 a/oni%$ at 8 wisdom4 p4#hj ,aft] t ! k+ ( ,p]sia s5t ^w to ! ,emir ,al-,mum991 ! ,caliph ( ! ,mohamm$ans at ,bagdad1 urg+ him to w>n ! ,head ( ! ,exile1 & ! ,head ( ! ,academy ,gaon ,jacob1 to re/ra9 ,david ,alroy f execut+ 8 designs4 ,& he ?reat5$ t he w\ld o!rwise slay all ! ,jews 9 8 ,empire4 ,!n all ! congregations ( ! l& ( ,p]sia 7 9 great tr\ble4 ,& ! ,head ( ! ,captivity1 & ! ,head ( ! ,academy ,gaon ,jacob1 s5t to ,alroy1 say+1 ,! "t ( r$emption is n yet arriv$2 we h n yet se5 ! signs !re(2 = by /r5g? %all no man prevail4 ,n[ our m&ate is1 t ?\ cease f ^! designs1 or ?\ %alt surely be excommunicat$ f all ,israel4 ,& !y s5t unto ,zakkai ! ,nasi 9 ! l& ( ,assur 7,mosul7 & unto ,r4 ,joseph ,burhan-al-mulk ! a/ronom] !re1 bidd+ !m to s5d on ! lett] to ,alroy1 & fur!rmore !y !mselves wrote to him to w>n him1 b he w\ld n accept ! w>n+4 p4#ha ,!n !re arose a k+ ( ! "n ( ,s9-ed-d91 ! k+ ( ! ,tog>mim1 & a vassal ( ! k+ ( ,p]sia1 :o s5t to ! fa!r-9-law ( ,david ,alroy1 & gave him a bribe ( #aj1jjj gold pieces to slay ,alroy 9 secret#aeh4 ,s he w5t to ,alroy's h\se1 & slew him :il/ he 0 asleep on 8 b$4 ,?us 7 8 plans fru/rat$4 ,!n ! k+ ( ,p]sia w5t =? aga9/ ! ,jews t liv$ 9 ! m\nta92 & !y s5t to ! ,head ( ! ,captivity to come to _! assi/ance & to appease ! k+4 ,he 0 ev5tually appeas$ by a gift ( #ajj tal5ts ( gold1 :i* !y gave him1 & ! l& 0 at peace !reaft]#aei4 ,f ?is m\nta9 x is a j\rney ( tw5ty days to ,hamadan1 :i* is ! great city ( ,m$ia1 :]e !re are #cj1jjj ,israelites4 ,9 front ( a c]ta9 synagogue1 !re are buri$ ,mordecai an ,e/h]#afj4 p4#hb ,f !nce 7,hamadan#afa7 x takes f\r days to ,tab>i/an1 :i* is situat$ on ! riv] ,gozan4 ,"s f\r ?\s& ,jews live !re#afb4 ,!nce x is sev5 days to ,ispahan ! great city & ! royal resid5ce4 ,x is twelve miles 9 circumf]5ce1 & ab\t #ae1jjj ,israelites reside !re#afc4 ,! ,*ief ,rabbi is ,s> ,%alom1 :o has be5 appo9t$ by ! ,head ( ! ,captivity to h jurisdiction ov] all ! ,rabbis t are 9 ! k+dom ( ,p]sia4 ,f\r days onw>d is ,%iraz1 :i* is ! city ( ,f>s1 & #aj1jjj ,jews live !re#afd4 ,!nce x is sev5 days to ,ghaznah ! great city on ! riv] ,gozan1 :]e !re are ab\t #hj1jjj ,israelites#afe4 ,x is a city ( comm]cial importance2 p ( all c\ntries & tongues come ?i!r ) _! w>es4 ,! l& is ext5sive4 ,!nce x is five days to ,sam>k&1 :i* is ! great city on ! conf9es ( ,p]sia4 ,9 x live "s #ej1jjj ,israelites1 & ,r4 ,obadiah ! ,nasi is _! appo9t$ head4 ,among !m are wise & v ri* m54 p4#hc ,!nce x is f\r days' j\rney to ,tibet1 ! c\ntry 9 ^: =e/s ! musk is f\nd4 ,!nce x takes tw5ty-eight days to ! m\nta9s ( ,naisabur by ! riv] ,gozan4 ,& !re are m5 ( ,israel 9 ! l& ( ,p]sia :o say t 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,naisabur f\r ( ! tribes ( ,israel dwell1 namely1 ! tribe ( ,dan1 ! tribe ( ,zebulun1 ! tribe ( ,a%]1 & ! tribe ( ,naphtali1 :o 7 includ$ 9 ! fir/ captivity ( ,%almanes]1 k+ ( ,assyria1 z x is writt5 7#b ,k+s xviii4 #aa73 ,& he put !m 9 ,halah & 9 ,habor by ! riv] ( ,gozan & 9 ! cities ( ! ,m$es#aff4 ,! ext5t ( _! l& is tw5ty days' j\rney1 & !y h cities & l>ge villages 9 ! m\nta9s2 ! riv] ,gozan =ms ! b\nd>y on ! "o side4 ,!y are n "u ! rule ( ! ,g5tiles1 b !y h a pr9ce ( _! own1 ^: "n is ,r4 ,joseph ,am>kala ! ,levite4 ,!re are s*ol>s among !m4 ,& !y s[ & reap & g =? to w> z f> z ! l& ( ,cu% by way ( ! des]t#afg4 ,!y are 9 league ) ! ,k(>-al-,turak1 :o wor%ip ! w9d & live 9 ! wild]ness1 & :o d n eat bread1 nor dr9k w9e1 b live on raw uncook$ meat4 p4#hd ,!y h no noses1 & 9 lieu !re( !y h two small holes1 ?r\gh :i* !y brea!4 ,!y eat animals bo? clean & unclean1 & !y are v fri5dly t[>ds ! ,israelites4 ,fifte5 ye>s ago !y ov]ran ! c\ntry ( ,p]sia ) a l>ge army & took ! city ( ,rayy#afh2 !y smote x ) ! edge ( ! sword1 took all ! spoil !re(1 & return$ by way ( ! wild]ness4 ,su* an invasion _h n be5 kn[n 9 ! l& ( ,p]sia = _m ye>s4 ,:5 ! k+ ( ,p]sia he>d !re( 8 ang] 0 k9dl$ aga9/ !m1 & he said1 ,n 9 my days nor 9 ! days ( my fa!rs did an army sally =? f ?is wild]ness4 ,n[ ,i w g & cut (f _! "n f ! e>?4 ,a proclamation 0 made ?r\gh\t 8 ,empire1 & he assembl$ all 8 armies2 & he s\ght a guide :o might %[ him ! way to _! encampm5t4 ,& a c]ta9 man said t he w\ld %[ him ! way1 z he 0 "o ( !m4 ,& ! k+ promis$ t he w\ld enri* him if he did s4 ,& ! k+ ask$ him z to :at provisions !y w\ld require = ! m>* ?r\gh ! wild]ness4 p4#he ,& he repli$1 ,take ) y bread & w9e = fifte5 days1 = y w f9d no su/5ance by ! way1 till y h rea*$ _! l&4 ,& !y did s1 & m>*$ ?r\gh ! wild]ness = fifte5 days1 b !y f\nd no?+ at all4 ,& _! food began to give out1 s t man & bea/ 7 dy+ ( hung] & ?ir/4 ,!n ! k+ call$ ! guide1 & said to him1 ,:]e is y\r promise to u t y w\ld f9d our adv]s>ies8 ,to :i* ! o!r repli$1 ,i h mi/ak5 ! way4 ,& ! k+ 0 wro?1 & comm&$ t 8 head %\ld be /ruck (f4 ,& ! k+ fur!r gave ord]s ?r\gh\t ! camp t e man :o _h any food %\ld divide x ) 8 neighb\r4 ,& !y consum$ ev]y?+ !y _h includ+ _! bea/s4 ,& aft] a fur!r ?irte5 days' m>* !y rea*$ ! m\nta9s ( ,naisabur1 :]e ,jews liv$4 ,!y came !re on ! ,sabba?1 & encamp$ 9 ! g>d5s & plantations & by ! spr+s ( wat] :i* are by ! side ( ! riv] ,gozan4 ,n[ x 0 ! "t ( ! rip5+ ( ! fruit1 & !y ate & consum$ ev]y?+4 ,no man came =? to !m1 b on ! m\nta9s !y saw cities & _m t[]s4 p4#hf ,!n ! k+ comm&$ two ( 8 s]vants to g & inquire ( ! p :o liv$ 9 ! m\nta9s1 & to cross ! riv] ei!r 9 boats or by swimm+4 ,s !y se>*$ & f\nd a l>ge bridge1 on :i* !re 7 ?ree t[]s1 b ! gate ( ! bridge 0 lock$4 ,& on ! o!r side ( ! bridge 0 a great city4 ,!n !y %\t$ 9 front ( ! bridge till a man came =? & ask$ !m :at !y want$ & :o !y 74 ,b !y did n und]/& him till an int]pret] came :o und]/ood _! language4 ,& :5 he ask$ !m1 !y said1 ,we are ! s]vants ( ! k+ ( ,p]sia1 & we h come to ask :o y are1 & :om y s]ve4 ,to :i* ! o!r repli$3 ,we are ,jews2 we h no k+ & no ,g5tile pr9ce1 b a ,jewi% pr9ce rules ov] u4 ,!y !n que/ion$ him ) reg>d to ! infidels1 ! sons ( ,ghuz ( ! ,k(>-al-,turak1 & he answ]$3 ,truly !y are 9 league ) u1 & he :o seeks to d !m h>m seeks our h>m4 ,!n !y w5t _! way1 & told ! k+ ( ,p]sia1 :o 0 mu* al>m$4 ,& on a c]ta9 day ! ,jews ask$ him to jo9 combat ) !m1 b he answ]$3 ,i am n come to fight y1 b ! ,k(>-al-,turak1 my enemy1 & if y fight aga9/ me ,i w be av5g$ on y by kill+ all ! ,jews 9 my ,empire2 ,i "k t y are /rong] ?an ,i am 9 ?is place1 & my army has come out ( ?is great wild]ness />v+ & a?ir/4 ,deal k9dly ) me & d n fight aga9/ me1 b leave me to engage ) ! ,k(>-al-,turak1 my enemy1 & sell me also ! provisions :i* ,i require = myself & my army4 p4#hg ,! ,jews !n took c\nsel toge!r1 & resolv$ to propitiate ! k+ on acc\nt ( ! ,jews :o 7 9 exile 9 8 ,empire4 ,!n ! k+ ent]$ _! l& ) 8 army1 & /ay$ !re fifte5 days4 ,& !y %[$ him mu* hon\r1 & also s5t a dispat* to ! ,k(>-al-,turak _! allies1 report+ ! matt] to !m4 ,!reupon ! latt] occupi$ ! m\nta9 passes 9 =ce ) a l>ge army compos$ ( all ^? :o dwelt 9 t des]t1 & :5 ! k+ ( ,p]sia w5t =? to fight ) !m1 !y plac$ !mselves 9 battle array aga9/ him4 ,! ,k(>-al-,turak army 0 victori\s & slew _m ( ! ,p]sian ho/1 & ! k+ ( ,p]sia fl$ ) only a few foll[]s to 8 own c\ntry#afi4 p4#hh ,n[ a horseman1 "o ( ! s]vants ( ! k+ ( ,p]sia1 entic$ a ,jew1 ^: "n 0 ,r4 ,moses1 to come ) him1 & :5 he came to ! l& ( ,p]sia ?is horseman made ! ,jew 8 slave4 ,"o day ! ar*]s came be=e ! k+ to give a display ( _! skill & no "o among !m c\ld be f\nd to draw ! b[ l ?is ,r4 ,moses4 ,!n ! k+ inquir$ ( him by means ( an int]pret] :o knew 8 language1 & he relat$ all t ! horseman _h done to him4 ,!reupon ! k+ at once grant$ him 8 lib]ty1 _h him clad 9 robes ( silk1 gave him gifts1 & said to him1 ,if ?\ wilt embrace our religion1 ,i w make !e a ri* man & /ew>d ( my h\se1 b he answ]$1 ,my "l1 ,i _c d ?is ?+4 ,!n ! k+ took him & plac$ him 9 ! h\se ( ! ,*ief ,rabbi ( ! ,ispahan community1 ,s> ,%alom1 :o gave him 8 daught] to wife4 ,?is same ,r4 ,moses told me all ^! ?+s4 ,!nce "o returns to ! l& ( ,khuzi/an :i* is by ! riv] ,tigris1 & "o goes d[n ! riv] :i* falls into ! ,indian ,ocean unto an isl& call$ ,ki%#agj4 ,x is a six days' j\rney to rea* ?is isl&4 p4#hi ,! inhabitants nei!r s[ nor reap4 ,!y possess only "o well1 & !re is no /ream 9 ! :ole isl&1 b !y dr9k ra9-wat]4 ,! m]*ants :o come f ,india & ! isl&s encamp !re ) _! w>es4 ,moreov]1 m5 f ,%9>1 ,el-,yem5 & ,p]sia br+ ?i!r all sorts ( silk1 purple & flax1 cotton1 hemp1 work$ wool1 :eat1 b>ley1 millet1 rye1 & all sorts ( food1 & l5tils ( e description1 & !y trade ) "o ano!r1 :il/ ! m5 f ,india br+ great quantities ( spices ?i!r4 ,! isl&]s act z middlem51 & e>n _! livelihood !reby4 ,!re are ab\t #ejj ,jews !re4 ,!nce x is t5 days' j\rney by sea to ,katifa1 :]e !re are ab\t #e1jjj ,jews4 ,"h ! bdellium is to be f\nd#aga4 ,on ! tw5ty-f\r? ( ,nisan ra9 falls ^u ! wat]1 ^u ! surface ( :i* c]ta9 small sea-animals float :i* dr9k 9 ! ra9 & !n %ut !mselves up1 & s9k to ! bottom4 p4#ij ,& ab\t ! middle ( ,ti%ri m5 desc5d to ! b$ ( ! sea by ropes1 & collect ^! %ell-fi%1 !n split !m op5 & extract ! pe>ls4 ,?is pe>l-fi%]y belongs to ! ,k+ ( ! c\ntry1 b is controll$ by a ,jewi% (ficial4 ,!nce x is sev5 days' j\rney to ,khulam :i* is ! beg9n+ ( ! c\ntry ( ! ,sun-wor%ipp]s#agb4 ,^! are ! sons ( ,cu%1 :o read ! />s1 & are all black 9 col\r4 ,!y are hone/ 9 comm]ce4 ,:5 m]*ants come to !m f di/ant l&s & ent] ! h>b\r1 ?ree ( ! ,k+'s secret>ies g d[n to !m & record _! names1 & !n br+ !m be=e ! ,k+1 :]eupon ! ,k+ makes himself responsible ev5 = _! prop]ty :i* !y leave 9 ! op51 unprotect$4 ,!re is an (ficial :o sits 9 8 (fice1 & ! own] ( any lo/ prop]ty has only to describe x to him :5 he h&s x back4 ,?is cu/om prevails 9 all t c\ntry4 ,f ,passov] to ,new ,ye>1 t is all dur+ ! summ]1 no man c g out ( 8 h\se because ( ! sun1 = ! heat 9 t c\ntry is int5se1 & f ! ?ird h\r ( ! day onw>d1 ev]ybody rema9s 9 8 h\se till ! ev5+4 ,!n !y g =? & k9dle lights 9 all ! m>ket places & all ! /reets1 & !n d _! "w & bus9ess at night-"t4 p4#ia ,= !y h to turn night into day 9 consequ5ce ( ! great heat ( ! sun4 ,pepp] is f\nd !re4 ,!y plant ! trees !re( 9 ! fields1 & ea* man ( ! city kn[s 8 own plantation4 ,! trees are small1 & ! pepp] is z :ite z sn[4 ,& :5 !y h collect$ x1 !y place x 9 saucepans & p\r boil+ wat] ov] x1 s t x may become /rong4 ,!y !n take x out ( ! wat] & dry x 9 ! sun1 & x turns black4 ,calamus & g+] & _m o!r k9ds ( spice are f\nd 9 ?is l&4 ,! p ( ?is c\ntry d n bury _! dead1 b embalm !m by means ( v>i\s spices1 aft] :i* !y place !m on *airs & cov] !m ) f9e l954 ,& ea* family has a h\se :]e x pres]ves ! embalm$ rema9s ( its ance/ors & relations4 ,! fle% h>d5s on ! bones1 & ! embalm$ bodies look l liv+ be+s1 s t e man c recognize 8 p>5ts1 & ! memb]s ( 8 family = _m ye>s4 p4#ib ,!y wor%ip ! sun1 & !y h high places ev]y:]e outside ! city at a di/ance ( ab\t half a mile4 ,& e morn+ !y run =? to greet ! sun1 = on e high place a sol> disc is made ( cunn+ workman%ip & z ! sun rises ! disc rotates ) ?und]+ noise1 & all1 bo? m5 & wom51 (f] inc5se to ! sun ) c5s]s 9 _! h&s4 ,su* are _! sup]/iti\s practices4 ,& ?r\gh\t ! isl&1 includ+ all ! t[ns !re1 live sev]al ?\s& ,israelites4 ,! inhabitants are all black1 & ! ,jews also4 ,! latt] are good & b5evol5t4 ,!y "k ! law ( ,moses & ! prophets1 & to a small ext5t ! ,talmud & ,hala*a4 ,!nce x is tw5ty-?ree days by sea to ,ibrig#agc1 & ! inhabitants are fire-wor%ipp]s1 & are call$ ,du*b94 ,among !m are ab\t #c1jjj ,jews1 & ^! ,du*b9 h prie/s 9 _! sev]al temples :o are great wiz>ds 9 all mann] ( wit*craft1 & !re are none l !m 9 all ! e>?4 ,9 front ( ! high place ( _! temple !re is a deep tr5*1 :]e !y keep a great fire alight all ! ye>1 & !y call x ,elahu?a4 p4#ic ,& !y cause _! sons & daught]s to pass ?r\gh ! fire1 & ev5 _! dead !y ?r[ into x4 ,"s ( ! great m5 ( ! c\ntry make a v[ to die by fire4 ,9 su* cases ! man communicates 8 int5tion to ! memb]s ( 8 h\sehold & 8 relations1 & says3--,i h v[$ to ?r[ myself 9 ! fire :il/ ,i am yet alive1 !n !y answ]1 say+3 ,happy art ?\4 ,& :5 ! day ( ! p]=mance ( 8 v[ arrives1 !y prep>e = him a gr& banquet1 & if he is ri* he rides on horseback1 if poor he goes on foot to ! bord] ( ! tr5* & ?r[s himself into ! fire4 ,& all ! memb]s ( 8 family %\t to ! accompanim5t ( timbrels & danc+ until ! body is entirely consum$4 ,at ! end ( ?ree days two ( _! high prie/s come to 8 h\se & to 8 *ildr5 & say unto !m3 ,arrange ! h\se1 = ?is day y\r fa!r w come to give 8 la/ directions z to :at ye %all d4 ,& !y br+ witnesses f ! city4 ,!n ,satan is made to appe> 9 ! lik5ess ( ! deceas$1 & :5 8 wid[ & *ildr5 ask him h[ he f>es 9 ! o!r _w he answ]s3 ,i w5t to my companions1 b !y w\ld n receive me until ,i _h dis*>g$ my obligations to ! memb]s ( my h\se & to my neighb\rs4 p4#id ,!n he makes 8 w & divides 8 prop]ty among 8 *ildr51 & gives directions t all 8 cr$itors %\ld be paid & t 8 debts %\ld be collect$4 ,!n ! witnesses write out ! w1 & he goes 8 way & is se5 no m4 ,& by means ( ?is trick]y & wit*craft :i* ^! prie/s practise1 ! p are confirm$ 9 _! errors & ass]t t !re is none 9 all ! l& l _! prie/s4 ,!nce to cross ov] to ! l& ( ,z9 7,*9a7 is a voyage ( =ty days4 ,z9 is 9 ! utt]mo/ ,ea/1 & "s say t !re is ! ,sea ( ,nikpa 7,n+-po871 :]e ! /> ,orion pr$om9ates & /ormy w9ds prevail#agd4 ,at times ! helmsman _c gov]n 8 %ip1 z a fi]ce w9d drives h] into ?is ,sea ( ,nikpa1 :]e %e _c move f h] place2 & ! crew h to rema9 :]e !y are till _! /ores ( food are exhau/$ & !n !y die4 ,9 ?is way _m a %ip has be5 lo/1 b m5 ev5tually discov]$ a device by :i* to escape f ?is evil place4 ,! crew provide !mselves ) hides ( ox54 p4#ie ,& :5 ?is evil w9d bl[s :i* drives !m into ! ,sea ( ,nikpa1 !y wrap !mselves up 9 ! sk9s1 :i* !y make wat]pro(1 &1 arm$ ) knives1 plunge into ! sea4 ,a great bird call$ ! griff9 spies !m out1 & 9 ! belief t ! sailor is an animal1 ! griff9 seizes hold ( him1 br+s him to dry l&1 & puts him d[n on a m\nta9 or 9 a holl[ 9 ord] to dev\r him4 ,! man !n quickly ?ru/s at ! bird ) a knife & slays him4 ,!n ! man issues =? f ! sk9 & walks till he comes to an inhabit$ place4 ,& 9 ?is mann] _m a man escapes#age4 p4#if ,!nce to ,al-,g+aleh is a voyage ( fifte5 days1 & ab\t #a1jjj ,israelites dwell !re4 ,!nce by sea to ,*ulan is sev5 days2 b no ,jews live !re4 ,f !re x is twelve days to ,zebid1 :]e !re are a few ,jews4 ,f !re x is eight days' j\rney to ,india :i* is on ! ma9l&1 call$ ! l& ( ,ad51 & ?is is ! ,ed5 :i* is 9 ,!las>#agf4 ,! c\ntry is m\nta9\s4 ,!re are _m ,israelites "h1 & !y are n "u ! yoke ( ! ,g5tiles1 b possess cities & ca/les on ! summits ( ! m\nta9s1 f :i* !y make desc5ts into ! pla9-c\ntry call$ ,lybia1 :i* is a ,*ri/ian ,empire4 ,^! are ! ,lybians ( ! l& ( ,lybia1 ) :om ! ,jews are at w>4 ,! ,jews take spoil & booty & retreat to ! m\nta9s1 & no man c prevail aga9/ !m4 ,_m ( ^! ,jews ( ! l& ( ,ad5 come to ,p]sia & ,egypt#agg4 ,!nce to ! l& ( ,assuan is a j\rney ( tw5ty days ?r\gh ! des]t4 ,?is is ,seba on ! riv] ,pi%on 7,nile7 :i* desc5ds f ! l& ( ,cu%#agh4 ,& "s ( ^! sons ( ,cu% h a k+ :om !y call ! ,sultan ,al-,haba%4 ,!re is a p among !m :o1 l animals1 eat ( ! h]bs t gr[ on ! banks ( ! ,nile & 9 ! fields4 ,!y g ab\t nak$ & h n ! intellig5ce ( ord9>y m54 ,!y cohabit ) _! si/]s & any "o !y f9d4 ,! climate is v hot4 ,:5 ! m5 ( ,assuan make a raid into _! l&1 !y take ) !m bread & :eat1 dry grapes & figs1 & ?r[ ! food to ^! p1 :o run aft] x4 p4#ig ,?us !y br+ _m ( !m back prison]s1 & sell !m 9 ! l& ( ,egypt & 9 ! surr\nd+ c\ntries4 ,& ^! are ! black slaves1 ! sons ( ,ham4 ,f ,assuan x is a di/ance ( twelve days to ,heluan :]e !re are ab\t #cjj ,jews4 ,!nce p travel 9 c>avans a j\rney ( fifty days ?r\gh ! great des]t call$ ,sah>a1 to ! l& ( ,zawilah1 :i* is ,havilah 9 ! l& ( ,gana#agi4 ,9 ?is des]t !re are m\nta9s ( s&1 & :5 ! w9d rises1 x cov]s ! c>avans ) ! s&1 & _m die f suffocation4 ,^? t escape br+ back ) !m copp]1 :eat1 fruit1 all mann] ( l5tils1 & salt4 ,& f !nce !y br+ gold1 & all k9ds ( jewels4 ,?is is 9 ! l& ( ,cu% :i* is call$ ,al-,haba% on ! we/]n conf9es#ahj4 ,f ,heluan x is ?irte5 days' j\rney to ,kutz :i* is ,kus1 & ?is is ! comm5cem5t ( ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,at ,kutz !re are #cjj ,jews#aha4 ,!nce x is #cjj miles to ,fayum1 :i* is ,pi?om1 :]e !re are #bjj ,jews2 & unto ?is v day "o c see ru9s ( ! build+s :i* our =efa!rs erect$ !re#ahb4 ,!nce to ,mizraim is a j\rney ( f\r days4 p4#ih ,?is ,mizraim is ! great city situat$ on ! banks ( ! ,nile1 :i* is ,pison or ,al-,nil#ahc4 ,! numb] ( ,jewi% inhabitants is ab\t #g1jjj4 ,two l>ge synagogues are !re1 "o belong+ to ! m5 ( ! l& ( ,israel & "o belong+ to ! m5 ( ! l& ( ,babylon4 ,! synagogue ( ! m5 ( ! l& ( ,israel is call$ ,k5isat-al-,s*amiyy91 & ! synagogue ( ! m5 ( ,babylon is call$ ,k5isat-al-,irakiyy94 ,_! usage ) reg>d to ! portions & sections ( ! ,law is n alike2 = ! m5 ( ,babylon are accu/om$ to read a portion e week1 z is done 9 ,spa91 & is our cu/om1 & to f9i% ! ,law ea* ye>2 :il/ ! m5 ( ,pale/9e d n d s1 b divide ea* portion into ?ree sections & f9i% ! ,law at ! end ( ?ree ye>s4 ,! two communities1 h[ev]1 h an e/abli%$ cu/om to unite & pray toge!r on ! day ( ! ,rejoic+ ( ! ,law1 & on ! day ( ! ,giv+ ( ! ,law#ahd4 ,among ! ,jews is ,ne?anel ! ,pr9ce ( ,pr9ces & ! head ( ! ,academy1 :o is ! head ( all ! congregations 9 ,egypt#ahe2 he appo9ts ,rabbis & (ficials1 & is atta*$ to ! c\rt ( ! great ,k+1 :o lives 9 8 palace ( ,zoan el-,m$9a1 :i* is ! royal city = ! ,arabs4 p4#ii ,"h resides ! ,emir al ,mum991 a desc5dant ( ,abu ,talib4 ,all 8 subjects are call$ ,alawiyyim#ahf1 because !y rose up aga9/ ! ,emir al ,mum99 al ,abbasi 7! ,abbaside ,caliph7 :o resides at ,bagdad4 ,& betwe5 ! two p>ties !re is a la/+ feud1 = ! =m] h set up a rival ?rone 9 ,zoan 7,egypt74 ,twice 9 ! ye> ! ,egyptian mon>* goes =?1 once on ! occasion ( ! great fe/ival1 & aga9 :5 ! riv] ,nile rises4 ,zoan is surr\nd$ by a wall1 b ,mizraim has no wall1 = ! riv] encompasses x on "o side4 ,x is a great city1 & x has m>ket-places z well z inns 9 great numb]4 ,! ,jews t dwell !re are v ri*4 ,no ra9 falls1 nei!r is ice or sn[ ev] se54 ,! climate is v hot4 ,! riv] ,nile rises once a ye> 9 ! mon? ( ,elul2 x cov]s all ! l&1 & irrigates x to a di/ance ( fifte5 days' j\rney4 ,! wat]s rema9 ^u ! surface ( ! l& dur+ ! mon?s ( ,elul & ,ti%ri1 & irrigate & f]tilize x4 ,! inhabitants h a pill> ( m>ble1 erect$ ) mu* skill1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! ext5t ( ! rise ( ! ,nile4 ,x /&s 9 ! front ( an isl& 9 ! mid/ ( ! wat]1 & is twelve cubits high#ahg4 p4#ajj ,:5 ! ,nile rises & cov]s ! column1 !y "k t ! riv] has ris5 & has cov]$ ! l& = a di/ance ( fifte5 days' j\rney to its full ext5t4 ,if only half ! column is cov]$1 ! wat] only cov]s half ! ext5t ( ! l&4 ,& day by day an (fic] takes a measurem5t on ! column & makes proclamation !re( 9 ,zoan & 9 ! city ( ,mizraim1 proclaim+3 ,give praise unto ! ,creator1 = ! riv] ?is day has ris5 to su* & su* a height2 ea* day he takes ! measurem5t & makes 8 proclamation4 ,if ! wat] cov]s ! entire column1 !re w be abundance ?r\gh\t ,egypt4 ,! riv] cont9ues to rise gradually till x cov]s ! l& to ! ext5t ( fifte5 days' j\rney4 ,he :o owns a field hires workm51 :o dig deep tr5*es 9 8 field1 & fi% come ) ! rise ( ! wat] & ent] ! tr5*es4 ,!n1 :5 ! wat]s h rec$$1 ! fi% rema9 beh9d 9 ! tr5*es1 & ! own]s ( ! fields take !m & ei!r eat !m or sell !m to ! fi%mong]s1 :o salt !m & deal 9 !m 9 e place4 ,^! fi% are exce$+ly fat & l>ge1 & ! oil obta9$ f !m is us$ 9 ?is l& = lamp-oil4 ,?\gh a man eat a great quantity ( ^! fi%1 if he b dr9k ,nile wat] aft]w>ds !y w n hurt him1 = ! wat]s h m$ic9al prop]ties4 p4#aja ,p ask1 :at causes ! ,nile to rise8 ,! ,egyptians say t up ! riv]1 9 ! l& ( ,al-,haba% 7,abyss9ia71 :i* is ! l& ( ,havilah1 mu* ra9 desc5ds at ! "t ( ! ris+ ( ! riv]1 & t ?is abundance ( ra9 causes ! riv] to rise & to cov] ! surface ( ! l&#ahh4 ,if ! riv] does n rise1 !re is no s[+1 & fam9e is sore 9 ! l&4 ,s[+ is done 9 ! mon? ( ,m>he%wan1 aft] ! riv] has gone back to its ord9>y *annel4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,ad> is ! b>ley-h>ve/1 & 9 ! mon? ( ,nisan ! :eat-h>ve/4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,nisan !y h *]ries1 pe>s1 cucumb]s1 & g\rds 9 pl5ty1 also beans1 peas1 *ickpeas1 & _m k9ds ( vegetables1 su* z purslane1 asp>agus1 pulse1 lettuce1 cori&]1 endive1 cabbage1 leek1 & c>doon4 ,! l& is full ( all good ?+s1 & ! g>d5s & plantations are wat]$ f ! v>i\s res]voirs & by ! riv]-wat]4 ,! riv] ,nile1 aft] fl[+ pa/ 7! city (7 ,mizraim1 divides into f\r heads3 "o *annel proce$s 9 ! direction ( ,damietta1 :i* is ,caphtor#ahi1 :]e x falls into ! sea4 p4#ajb ,! second *annel fl[s to ! city ( ,re%id 7,rosetta71 :i* is ne> ,alex&ria1 & !re falls into ! sea2 ! ?ird *annel goes by way ( ,a%mun1 :]e x falls into ! sea2 & ! f\r? *annel goes z f> z ! fronti] ( ,egypt#aij4 ,along bo? banks ( ^! f\r riv]-heads are cities1 t[ns & villages1 & p visit ^! places ei!r by %ip or by l&4 ,!re is no su* ?ickly-populat$ l& z ?is else:]e4 ,x is ext5sive too & abundant 9 all good ?+s4 ,f ,new ,mizraim unto ,old ,mizraim is a di/ance ( two p>asangs4 ,! latt] is 9 ru9s1 & ! place :]e walls & h\ses /ood c be se5 to ! pres5t day4 ,! /ore-h\ses also ( ,joseph ( bless$ memory are to be f\nd 9 great numb]s 9 _m places4 ,!y are built ( lime & /one1 & are exce$+ly /rong#aia4 ,a pill> is !re ( m>vell\s workman%ip1 ! l ( :i* _c be se5 ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,outside ! city is ! anci5t synagogue ( ,moses our ma/]1 ( bless$ memory1 & ! ov]se] & cl]k ( ?is place ( wor%ip is a v5]able old man2 he is a man ( le>n+1 & !y call him ,al ,%eik ,abu al-,nazr#aib4 ,! ext5t ( ,mizraim1 :i* is 9 ru9s1 is ?ree miles4 p4#ajc ,!nce to ! l& ( ,go%5 is eight p>asangs2 "h is ,bilbais#aic4 ,!re are ab\t #cjj ,jews 9 ! city1 :i* is a l>ge "o4 ,!nce x is half a day's j\rney to ,a9-al-,%ams or ,ramses1 :i* is 9 ru9s4 ,traces are !re to be se5 ( ! build+s :i* our =e-fa!rs rais$1 namely1 t[]s built ( bricks4 ,f "h x is a day's j\rney to ,al ,bubizig1 :]e !re are ab\t #bjj ,jews4 ,!nce x is half a day to ,b5ha1 :]e !re are ab\t #fj ,jews4 ,!nce x takes half a day to ,muneh ,sifte1 :]e !re are #ejj ,jews#aid4 ,f !re x is half a day's j\rney to ,samnu1 :]e !re are ab\t #bjj ,jews4 ,!nce x is f\r p>asangs to ,damira1 :]e !re are ab\t #gjj ,jews4 ,f !re x is five days to ,lammanah1 :]e !re are ab\t #ejj ,jews#aie4 ,two days' j\rney takes "o to ,alex&ria ( ,egypt1 :i* is ,ammon ( ,no2 b :5 ,alex&] ( ,mac$on built ! city1 he call$ x aft] 8 own "n1 & made x exce$+ly /rong & beautiful#aif4 ,! h\ses1 ! palaces1 & ! walls are ( excell5t ar*itecture4 ,outside ! t[n is ! academy ( ,ari/otle1 ! tea*] ( ,alex&]4 ,?is is a l>ge build+1 /&+ betwe5 o!r academies to ! numb] ( tw5ty1 ) a column ( m>ble betwe5 ea*4 ,p f ! :ole _w 7 wont to come hi!r 9 ord] to /udy ! wisdom ( ,ari/otle ! philosoph]4 p4#ajd ,! city is built ov] a holl[ by means ( ar*es4 ,alex&] built x ) great und]/&+4 ,! /reets are wide & /raight1 s t a man c look along !m = a mile f gate to gate1 f ! gate ( ,re%id to ! gate by ! sea4 ,alex&] also built = ! h>b\r ( ,alex&ria a pi]1 a k+'s highway runn+ into ! mid/ ( ! sea4 ,& !re he erect$ a l>ge t[]1 a ligh?\se1 call$ ,man> al ,isk&riyyah 9 ,arabic4 ,on ! top ( ! t[] !re is a glass mirror4 ,any %ips t attempt$ to attack or mole/ ! city1 com+ f ,greece or f ! ,we/]n l&s1 c\ld be se5 by means ( ?is mirror ( glass at a di/ance ( tw5ty days' j\rney1 & ! inhabitants c\ld !reupon put !mselves on _! gu>d4 ,x happ5$ once1 _m ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,alex&]1 t a %ip came f ! l& ( ,greece1 & ! "n ( ! capta9 0 ,!odoros1 a ,greek ( great clev]ness4 ,! ,greeks at t "t 7 "u ! yoke ( ,egypt4 ,! capta9 br\ght great gifts 9 silv] & gold & g>m5ts ( silk to ! ,k+ ( ,egypt1 & he moor$ 8 %ip 9 front ( ! ligh?\se1 z 0 ! cu/om ( all m]*ants4 p4#aje ,e day ! gu>dian ( ! ligh?\se & 8 s]vants _h _! meals ) him1 until ! capta9 came to be on su* fri5dly t]ms ) ! keep] t he c\ld g 9 & out at all times4 ,& "o day he gave a banquet1 & caus$ ! keep] & all 8 s]vants to dr9k a great deal ( w9e4 ,:5 !y 7 all asleep1 ! capta9 & 8 s]vants arose & broke ! mirror & dep>t$ t v night4 ,f t day onw>d ! ,*ri/ians began to come ?i!r ) boats & l>ge %ips1 & ev5tually captur$ ! l>ge isl& call$ ,crete & also ,cyprus1 :i* are "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,greeks4 ,! o!r ,,mss4 add "h3 ,ev] s9ce !n1 ! m5 ( ! ,k+ ( ,egypt h be5 unable to prevail ov] ! ,greeks4 ,to ?is day ! ligh?\se is a l&m>k to all seaf>]s :o come to ,alex&ria2 = "o c see x at a di/ance ( #ajj miles by day1 & at night ! keep] lights a tor* :i* ! m>9]s c see f a di/ance1 & ?us sail t[>ds x#aig4 p4#ajf ,alex&ria is a comm]cial m>ket = all nations4 ,m]*ants come ?i!r f all ! ,*ri/ian k+doms3 on ! "o side1 f ! l& ( ,v5etia & ,lomb>dy1 ,tuscany1 ,apulia1 ,amalfi1 ,sicilia1 ,calabria1 ,romagna1 ,khaz>ia1 ,patz9akia1 ,hung>ia1 ,bulg>ia1 ,rakuvia 7,ragusa871 ,croatia1 ,slavonia1 ,russia1 ,alamannia 7,g]many71 ,saxony1 ,danem>k1 ,kurl&8 ,irel&8 ,norway 7,norge871 ,frisia1 ,scotia1 ,anglet]re1 ,wales1 ,fl&]s1 ,ha9ault8 ,norm&y1 ,france1 ,poiti]s1 ,anj\1 ,burgundy1 ,mauri5ne1 ,prov5ce1 ,g5oa1 ,pisa1 ,gascony1 ,aragon1 & ,nav>ra#aih1 & t[>ds ! we/ "u ! sway ( ! ,mohamm$ans1 ,&alusia1 ,alg>ve1 ,africa & ! l& ( ! ,arabs3 & on ! o!r side ,india1 ,zawilah1 ,abyss9ia1 ,lybia1 ,el-,yem51 ,%9>1 ,e%-,%am 7,syria72 also ,javan1 ^: p are call$ ! ,greeks1 & ! ,turks4 ,& m]*ants ( ,india br+ ?i!r all k9ds ( spices1 & ! m]*ants ( ,edom buy ( !m4 ,& ! city is a busy "o & full ( traffic4 ,ea* nation has an inn ( its own4 ,by ! sea-coa/ !re is a sepul*re ( m>ble on :i* are engrav$ all mann] ( bea/s & birds2 an effigy is 9 ! mid/ !re(1 & all ! writ+ is 9 anci5t *>act]s1 :i* no "o kn[s n[4 p4#ajg ,m5 suppose t x is ! sepul*re ( a k+ :o liv$ 9 e>ly times be=e ! ,deluge4 ,! l5g? ( ! sepul*re is fifte5 spans1 & its bread? is six spans4 ,!re are ab\t #c1jjj ,jews 9 ,alex&ria4 ,!nce x is two days' j\rney to ,damietta :i* is ,caphtor1 :]e !re are ab\t #bjj ,jews1 & x lies ^u ! sea4 ,!nce x is "o day's j\rney to ,simasim2 x conta9s ab\t #ajj ,jews4 ,f !re x is half a day to ,sunbat2 ! inhabitants s[ flax & weave l951 :i* !y export to all p>ts ( ! _w#aii4 ,!nce x is f\r days to ,ailam1 :i* is ,elim#bjj4 ,x belongs to ! ,arabs :o dwell 9 ! wild]ness4 ,!nce x is two days' j\rney to ,rephidim :]e ! ,arabs dwell1 b !re are no ,jews !re#bja4 ,a day's j\rney f !nce takes "o to ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,on ! top ( ! m\nta9 is a l>ge conv5t belong+ to ! great monks call$ ,syrians#bjb4 ,at ! foot ( ! m\nta9 is a l>ge t[n call$ ,tur ,s9ai2 ! inhabitants speak ! language ( ! ,t>gum 7,syriac74 ,x is close to a small m\nta91 five days di/ant f ,egypt4 ,! inhabitants are "u ,egyptian rule4 ,at a day's j\rney f ,m\nt ,s9ai is #bjc! ,r$ ,sea1 :i* is an arm ( ! ,indian ,ocean4 ,we return to ,damietta4 ,f !re x is a day's j\rney to ,tanis1 :i* is ,hanes1 :]e !re are ab\t #dj ,jews4 ,x is an isl& 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea#bjd4 p4#ajh ,?us f> ext5ds ! empire ( ,egypt4 ,!nce x takes tw5ty days by sea to ,mess9a1 :i* is ! comm5cem5t ( ,sicily & is situat$ on ! arm ( ! sea t is call$ ,lip>#bje1 :i* divides x f ,calabria4 ,"h ab\t #bjj ,jews dwell4 ,x is a l& full ( ev]y?+ good1 ) g>d5s & plantations4 ,"h mo/ ( ! pilgrims assemble to cross ov] to ,j]usalem1 z ?is is ! be/ cross+4 ,!nce x is ab\t two days' j\rney to ,pal]mo1 :i* is a l>ge city4 ,"h is ! palace ( ,k+ ,william4 ,pal]mo conta9s ab\t #a1ejj ,jews & a l>ge numb] ( ,*ri/ians & ,mohamm$ans#bjf4 ,x is 9 a di/rict ab\nd+ 9 spr+s & brooks ( wat]1 a l& ( :eat & b>ley1 likewise ( g>d5s & plantations1 & !re is n ! l !re( 9 ! :ole isl& ( ,sicily4 ,"h is ! doma9 & g>d5 ( ! k+1 :i* is call$ ,al ,h>b9a 7,al ,hac9a7#bjg1 conta9+ all sorts ( fruit-trees4 ,& 9 x is a l>ge f\nta94 ,! g>d5 is encompass$ by a wall4 ,& a res]voir has be5 made !re :i* is call$ ,al ,buheira#bjh1 & 9 x are _m sorts ( fi%4 ,%ips ov]laid ) silv] & gold are !re1 belong+ to ! k+1 :o takes pleasure-trips 9 !m ) 8 wom5#bji4 p4#aji ,9 ! p>k !re is also a great palace1 ! walls ( :i* are pa9t$1 & ov]laid ) gold & silv]2 ! pav+ ( ! floors is ( m>ble1 pick$ out 9 gold & silv] 9 all mann] ( designs4 ,!re is no build+ l ?is any:]e4 ,& ?is isl&1 ! comm5cem5t ( :i* is ,mess9a1 conta9s all ! pleasant ?+s ( ?is _w4 ,x embraces ,syracuse1 ,m>sala1 ,catania1 ,petralia1 & ,trapani1 ! circumf]5ce ( ! isl& be+ six days' j\rney4 ,9 ,trapani coral is f\nd1 :i* is call$ ,al ,murgan#baj4 ,!nce p pass to ! city ( ,rome 9 t5 days4 ,& f ,rome !y proce$ by l& to ,lucca1 :i* is a five days' j\rney4 ,!nce !y cross ! m\nta9 ( ,jean de ,mauri5ne1 & ! passes ( ,italy4 ,x is tw5ty days' j\rney to ,v]dun1 :i* is ! comm5cem5t ( ,alamannia1 a l& ( m\nta9s & hills4 ,all ! congregations ( ,alamannia are situat$ on ! great riv] ,rh9e1 f ! city ( ,cologne1 :i* is ! pr9cipal t[n ( ! ,empire1 to ! city ( ,reg5sburg1 a di/ance ( fifte5 days' j\rney at ! o!r extremity ( ,alamannia1 o!rwise call$ ,a%k5az4 p4#aaj ,& ! foll[+ are ! cities 9 ! l& ( ,alamannia1 :i* h ,hebrew congregations3 ,metz1 ,treves on ! riv] ,moselle1 ,cobl5z1 ,&]na*1 ,bonn1 ,cologne1 ,b+51 ,mu5/]1 ,worms1#baa ,all ,israel is disp]s$ 9 e l&1 & he :o does n fur!r ! ga!r+ ( ,israel w n meet ) happ9ess nor live ) ,israel4 ,:5 ! ,"l w rememb] u 9 our exile1 & raise ! horn ( 8 ano9t$1 !n e "o w say1 ,i w lead ! ,jews & ,i w ga!r !m4 ,z = ! t[ns :i* h be5 m5tion$1 !y conta9 s*ol>s & communities t love _! bre?r51 & speak peace to ^? t are ne> & af>1 & :5 a wayf>] comes !y rejoice1 & make a fea/ = him1 & say1 ,rejoice1 bre?r51 = ! help ( ! ,"l comes 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye4 ,if we 7 n afraid t ! appo9t$ "t has n yet arriv$ nor be5 rea*$1 we w\ld h ga!r$ toge!r1 b we d>e n d s until ! "t = song has arriv$1 & ! voice ( ! turtle-dove 7is he>d 9 ! l&71 :5 ! mess5g]s w come & say cont9ually1 ,! ,"l be exalt$4 p4#aaa ,mean:ile !y s5d missives "o to ! o!r1 say+1 ,be ye /rong 9 ! law ( ,moses1 & d ye m\rn]s = ,zion & ye m\rn]s = ,j]usalem entreat ! ,"l1 & may ! supplication ( ^? t we> ! g>m5ts ( m\rn+ be receiv$ ?r\gh _! m]its4 ,9 addition to ! sev]al cities :i* we h m5tion$ !re are besides ,/rassburg1 ,wu]zburg1 ,mant]n1 ,bamb]g1 ,freis+1 & ,reg5sburg at ! extremity ( ! ,empire#bab4 ,9 ^! cities !re are _m ,israelites1 wise m5 & ri*4 ,!nce ext5ds ! l& ( ,bohemia1 call$ ,prague#bac4 ,?is is ! comm5cem5t ( ! l& ( ,slavonia1 & ! ,jews :o dwell !re call x ,canaan1 because ! m5 ( t l& 7! ,slavs7 sell _! sons & _! daught]s to ! o!r nations4 ,^! are ! m5 ( ,russia1 :i* is a great empire /ret*+ f ! gate ( ,prague to ! gates ( ,kieff1 ! l>ge city :i* is at ! extremity ( t empire#bad4 ,x is a l& ( m\nta9s & =e/s1 :]e !re are to be f\nd ! animals call$ vair#bae1 erm9e1 & sable4 p4#aab ,no "o issues =? f 8 h\se 9 w9t]-"t on acc\nt ( ! cold4 ,p are to be f\nd !re :o h lo/ ! tips ( _! noses by reason ( ! fro/4 ,?us f> rea*es ! empire ( ,russia4 ,! k+dom ( ,france1 :i* is ,z>fa?1 ext5ds f ! t[n ( ,aux]re#baf unto ,p>is1 ! great city--a j\rney ( six days4 ,! city belongs to ,k+ ,l\is4 ,x is situat$ on ! riv] ,se9e4 ,s*ol>s are !re1 unequall$ 9 ! :ole _w1 :o /udy ! ,law day & night4 ,!y are *>itable & hospitable to all travell]s1 & are z bro!rs & fri5ds unto all _! bre?r5 ! ,jews4 ,may ,god1 ! ,bless$ ,"o1 h m]cy ^u u & ^u !m6 ,f9i%$ & complet$4 ,,index ,! ref]5ces 9 ?is ,index are made to ! pages ( ,a%]'s ,edition1 :i* are m>k$ 9 ! m>g9 ( ! =ego+ ,engli% translation4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,tudela 0 call$ 9 ,b5jam9's "t ,tuteila4 ,seph>ad is ,spa94 ,footnote #b3 ,!re is a consid]able diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! exact dates at :i* ,b5jam9 began & complet$ 8 j\rney4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! p]iod c be plac$ )9 a v n>r[ compass4 ,e>ly 9 8 j\rney he visit$ ,rome1 :]e he f\nd ,r4 ,je*iel to be ! /ew>d ( ! h\sehold ( ,pope ,alex&]4 ,?is c be no o!r ?an ,pope ,alex&] ,,iii1 :o play$ s important a "p 9 ! /ruggle betwe5 ,k+ ,h5ry ,,ii & ,?omas a ,becket4 ,! ,g]man ,emp]or1 ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa1 support$ ! anti-,pope ,victor ,,iv1 & 9 consequ5ce ,alex&] _h to leave ,rome soon aft] 8 election 9 #aaei & be=e 8 consecration4 ,he did n return to settle d[n p]man5tly 9 ,rome until ,novemb] #bc1 #aafe1 b 0 =c$ to leave aga9 9 #aafg4 ,consequ5tly ,b5jam9 mu/ h be5 9 ,rome betwe5 ! end ( #aafe & #aafg4 ,b5jam9 t]m9at$ 8 travels by pass+ f ,egypt to ,sicily & ,italy1 !n cross+ ! ,alps & visit+ ,g]many4 ,9 ,cairo he f\nd t ! ,fatimite ,caliph 0 ! ackn[l$g$ rul]4 ,! ,caliph "h ref]r$ to mu/ h be5 ,el-',adid1 :o di$ on ,monday1 ,septemb] #ac1 #aaga--;be+ ! la/ ( ! ,fatimite l9e4 ,a %ort "t be=e 8 dea?1 ,salad9 _h become ! virtual rul] ( ,egypt1 & _h ord]$ ! ,khotba to be read 9 ! "n ( ! ,abbaside ,caliph el-,mo/adi ( ,bagdad4 7,see ! ,life ( ,salad91 by ,bohad93 ,pale/9e ,pilgrims' ,text ,society1 p4 #fa47 ,x is cle>1 !re=e1 t ,b5jam9's abs5ce f ,europe mu/ be plac$ betwe5 ! ye>s #aaff & #aaga4 ,b5jam9 on 8 return j\rney pass$ ?r\gh ,sicily :5 ! isl& 0 no long] gov]n$ by a vic]oy4 ,k+ ,william ,,ii 7! ,good7 atta9$ 8 majority 9 #aafi1 & ,b5jam9's visit took place subsequ5tly4 ,x w be f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( ! n>rative t n a s+le /atem5t by ,b5jam9 is inconsi/5t ) ?is det]m9ation ( date2 see p4 #c1 n4 #d2 p4 #i1 n4 #b2 p4 #ae1 n4 #d2 p4 #fa1 n4 #a2 & p4 #gi1 n4 #b4 ,footnote #c3 ,s>agossa 0 call$ 9 ,b5jam9's "t ,s>ako/a 7 ,caes>-,augu/a74 ,*>isi1 9 ,ta*kemoni1 #df1 ref]s to "s ( ! ,rabbis4 ,footnote #d3 ,! impos+ ru9s at ,t>ragona comprise prehi/oric walls ( enorm\s unhewn blocks ( /one1 z well z ! rema9s ( ,roman aqu$ucts1 tombs1 amphi!atres1 c4 ,"h & g5]ally 9 ?is n>rative ! lett] ,r is us$ z an abbreviation = ,rabbi4 ,footnote #e3 ,see ,graetz1 ,ges*i*te d] ,jud51 vol4 ,,vi1 pp4 #bcj et seq42 also notes #a & #aj at ! end ( vol4 ,,vi4 ,footnote #f3 ,! anci5t "n ( ,g]ona 0 ,g]unda4 ,footnote #g3 ,see ,geig]'s ,ju$is*e ,zeits*rift fu] ,wiss5s*aft und ,leb51 p4 #bha4 ,! ,records ( ,n>bonne be> evid5ce ( sales ( l&s /&+ 9 ! "n ( ,r4 ,kalonymos 7,ar*ives ,israelites1 #ahfa1 p4 #ddi74 ,8 ance/or1 ,r4 ,ma*ir1 came to ,europe 9 ! "t ( ,*>lemagne4 ,footnote #h3 ,r4 ,abraham b5 ,isaac 7,rabad ,,ii7 0 au?or ( ! ,rabb9ic code2 ,ha-,e%kol1 & 0 "o ( ! int]m$i>ies betwe5 ! ,talmudi/s ( ,france & ! ,s*ol>s ( ,spa94 ,he di$ #aagh4 ,footnote #i3 ,a p>asang is ab\t #c-b_/e ,engli% miles1 & ! di/ance f ,n>bonne to ,bezi]s is correctly giv54 #aj p>asangs make a day's j\rney4 ,footnote #aj3 ,! ,k+ ( ,portugal is ev5 n[ /yl$ ,k+ ( ! ,alg>ves4 ,footnote #aa3 ,cf4 ,graetz1 ,,vi1 p4 #bdj1 also ,joseph ,jacob's ,angev9 ,jews1 p4 #aaa4 ,r4 ,a%] 0 "o ( a gr\p ( pi\s ,rabbis kn[n z ,p]u%im--:o might be /yl$ ,jewi% monks4 ,8 fa!r1 ,rabb5u ,me%ullam1 di$ #aagj4 ,footnote #ab3 ,he is ref]r$ to 9 ,tosafo? ,temurah1 fol4 #ab;a & b4 ,footnote #ac3 ,?is em95t ,talmudi/1 kn[n z ! ,rabad1 0 son-9-law ( ! ,r4 ,abraham ( ,n>bonne be=e ref]r$ to4 ,see ,graetz1 ,,vi1 #bdc4 ,footnote #ad3 ,! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,aegidius 0 mu* resort$ to 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! ,jews ( ,beaucaire1 & ! neighb\rhood1 enjoy$ ! patronage ( ,raymond ,v1 ,c\nt ( ,t\l\se1 call$ by ! ,tr\bad\r poets ! good ,duke4 ,see ,graetz1 ,,vi1 note ,i1 p4 #dja4 ,x is impossible to enl>ge 9 ^! notes ^u ! sev]al ,jewi% s*ol>s ref]r$ to by ,b5jam94 ,an int]e/+ article by ,pr(essor ,israel ,levi on ! ,jews 9 ,m$iaeval ,france1 & o!r articles1 9 ! ,jewi% ,encyclopa$ia1 also ,gross1 ,gallia ,judaica1 might be consult$ ) advantage4 ,footnote #ae3 ,! ,,bm4 ,,ms4 calls ,r4 ,abba ,m>i dead1 :i* /atem5t1 unless qualifi$1 z 9 a few o!r in/ances1 by ! ins]tion ( ! ^w s9ce1 w\ld be un9telligible4 ,footnote #af3 ,a%]'s ,text & ,ep/e9's ,,ms4 give ! di/ance betwe5 ,arles & ,m>seilles z ?ree days' j\rney4 ,! actual di/ance is ab\t fifty-?ree ,engli% miles4 ,probably ! ,roman roads 7 /ill 9 use4 ,footnote #ag3 ,r4 ,isaac1 son ( ,abba ,m>i1 is ! celebrat$ au?or ( ,baal ,haittur2 he wrote ?is "w at ,m>seilles1 #aagi4 ,x is d\btful :e!r he 0 ! son ( ,c\nt ,raymond's bailiff4 ,footnote #ah3 ,8 full "n is ,r4 ,jacob ,p]pignano4 ,see ,graetz1 ,,vi1 note #a1 p4 #cii4 ,footnote #ai3 ,! mean+ ( c\rse is t ! ,g5oese pillage ,*ri/ian & ,mohamm$an places alike4 ,footnote #bj3 ,see ,dr4 ,h4 ,b]l9]'s "w ,die ,ges*i*te d] ,jud5 9 ,rom4 ,8 d]ivation ( ! ,hebrew ^w us$ = ,pope1 ,hebrew3 f ,pet]1 is que/ionable4 ,x is ! ,greek ,greek3 hepiphoros4 ,see ,talmud1 ,aboda ,z>ah1 #aa a4 ,footnote #ba3 ,! great "w allud$ to is ! ,talmudical ,diction>y1 complet$ 9 #aaja4 ,see ,graetz1 ,,vi1 p4 #bha4 ,footnote #bb3 ,! palace ( ! ,caes>s on ! ,palat9e ,hill is no d\bt "h ref]r$ to4 ,footnote #bc3 ,hebrew31 quot$ by ,e & ,a%]1 is a corrupt read+ = ,hebrew34 ,footnote #bd3 ,?is is ,josippon's /ory4 ,b5jam9 occasionally embodies 9 8 "w fanta/ic leg5ds told him1 or record$ by 8 pr$ecessors4 ,8 au?orities liv$ 9 ! d>ke/ p]iod ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,josippon1 ,book ,i1 ,*ap1 iv1 speaks ( #cbj s5ators4 ,i h foll[$ ,brei?aupt1 & r5d]$ ,hebrew3 consul4 ,footnote #be3 ,hav+ reg>d to ! v>i\s read+s1 x is possible t ! ,!rmae ( ,diocletian or m probably ! ,flavian amphi!atre1 :i* e>ly 9 ! ,middle ,ages began to be call$ ! ,colosseum1 is "h ref]r$ to4 ,x _h f\r /ories1 ea* floor compos$ ( arcades conta9+ eighty sep>ate comp>tm5ts1 mak+ #cbj 9 all4 ,our au?or 9 ! c\rse ( 8 n>rative speaks m ?an once ( build+s erect$ on a uni=m plan correspond+ ) ! days ( ! ye>4 ,footnote #bf3 ,i4 ,heilpr91 ! au?or ( ,s$] ,hadoro? 7,w>saw1 #ahig edition1 p4 #aeg7 z well z ,zunz1 appe> to h "h fall5 into error1 assum+ z !y d t ,b5jam9 ref]s to ! t5 tea*]s ( ! ,mi%na1 ,r4 ,gamaliel1 ,r4 ,akiba & ! o!r sages :o suff]$ m>tyrdom 9 ,pale/9e at ! h&s ( ! ,roman ,emp]ors4 ,! t5 m>tyrs "h allud$ to are ^? ref]r$ to 9 ! ,preface to ,hakemoni1 publi%$ by ,geig] 9 ,hebrew31 ,b]l91 #ahdj1 & ,hebrew31 ,b]l9 edition1 fols4 #aea-b ,hebrew3 ,rome1 z s _m o!r cities1 _h its own m>tyrs4 ,footnote #bg3 ,?is is ! /atue ( ,m>cus ,aurelius n[ be=e ! ,capitol4 ,footnote #bh3 ,ev5 9 ,b5jam9's "t ! ,campagna 0 not$ = mal>ia4 ,footnote #bi3 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]1 9 a lecture giv5 on ,dec4 #bi1 #aijc1 at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 illu/rat$ *anges 9 ! disposition ( l& & wat] by po9t+ to ! id5tical ru9$ ,temple ref]r$ to by ,b5jam94 ,x n[ /&s high above ! sea1 & did s 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies ( ! pres5t era1 b 9 ! eigh? & n9? c5turies 0 s l[1 ow+ to ! s9k+ ( ! l&1 t ! l[] p>ts ( its m>ble pill>s /ood 9 ! sea1 & sea-%ells grew 9 ! crevices4 ,footnote #cj3 ,josippon gives ^! leg5ds 9 ,book ,i1 *aps4 iii & iv1 :5 speak+ ( ,zur1 :om he associates ) ,sorr5to4 ,b5jam9 _h few o!r s\rces ( in=mation4 ,9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ,pozzuoli is ,solfat>a1 :]e sulphur is f\nd4 ,a de/ructive eruption f ! crat] took place 9 #aaih4 ,hot spr+s ab\nd1 & ! ba?s at ,bagnoli are mu* frequ5t$ to ! pres5t day4 ,! und]gr\nd road is ! ,pi$i grotta ( ,posilipo1 con/ruct$ by ,augu/us4 ,footnote #ca3 ,r4 ,isaac1 ! fa!r ( ,r4 ,judah1 mu/ be ! ,greek ,locu/ aga9/ :om ,ibn ,ezra direct$ 8 satire :5 visit+ ,sal]no "s tw5ty ye>s be=e ,r4 ,b5jam94 ,see ,graetz1 ,,vi1 p4 #dda4 ,footnote #cb3 ,cf4 ,isaiah lxvi4 #ai4 ,footnote #cc3 ,?is city 0 de/roy$ by ,william ! ,bad 9 #aaef4 ,x 0 ord]$ to be re/or$ by ,william ! ,good 9 #aafi1 s t ,b5jam9 mu/ h visit$ ,b>i be=e t date4 ,see p4 #gi1 note #b4 ,we h "h ano!r clue z to ! date ( ,b5jam9's travels4 ,footnote #cd3 ,see ,h4,m4 ,adl]'s article on ,jews 9 ,s\!rn ,italy1 ,j4,q4,r41 ,,xiv1 p4 #aaa4 ,gibbon1 ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 *ap4 lvi1 describ+ ! reconque/ ( ! s\!rn prov9ces ( ,italy by ! ,byzant9e ,emp]or ,manuel1 #aaee1 says4 ,! natives ( ,calabria 7 /ill atta*$ to ! ,greek language & wor%ip4 ,footnote #ce3 ,! riv] ,a*el\s falls into ! ,ionian ,sea opposite to ,i?aca4 ,footnote #cf3 ,anatolica is n[ kn[n z ,aetolicum4 ,footnote #cg3 ,patras1 ! anci5t ,patrae1 0 f\nd$ long be=e ! "t ( ,antipat]4 ,josippon1 ,,ii1 *ap4 xxiii1 is aga9 ! que/ionable au?ority on :i* ,b5jam9 reli$4 ,footnote #ch3 ,lepanto 9 ! e>ly ,middle ,ages 0 call$ ,naupactus or ,epacto1 & to rea* x f ,patras ! ,gulf ( ,cor9? _h to be cross$4 ,footnote #ci3 ,*alcis1 ! capital ( ,euboea or ,negroponte1 is ev5 n[ call$ ,egripo4 ,x is situat$ on ! ,/raits ( ,euripus4 ,footnote #dj3 ,"s tw5ty ye>s lat] ! ,walla*ians 7 9 op5 revolt & became indep5d5t ( ! ,byzant9e ,empire4 ,gibbon1 *ap4 lx4 ,footnote #da3 ,see ,gibbon1 *ap4 liii4 ,he (t5 quotes ,b5jam94 ,footnote #db3 ,! ,gr& ,du*y ( ,kieff 0 call$ ,russia4 ,see page #ha4 ,footnote #dc3 ,! ,pet*9egs1 z well z ! ,khaz>s1 ,bulg>ians1 ,hung>ians1 & ,turks1 are call$ by ,josippon1 ,i1 *ap4 i1 desc5dants ( ,tog>ma4 ,patz9akia 0 ! c\ntry f ! ,danube to ! ,dniep]1 & corresponds ) ,dacia ( classical times4 ,footnote #dd3 ,! read+s ( ,e & ,a are corrupt4 ,r has ,hebrew31 & ,,bm4 has ,hebrew31 ! s\!rn prov9ces ( ,russia 7 spok5 ( z ! l& ( ! ,khaz>s1 especially by ,jewi% writ]s1 long aft] ! ,russian conque/ ab\t ! ye> #ajjj1 & ! ,crimea 0 kn[n to ,european travell]s z ,gaz>ia4 ,x took ,rabbi ,pe?a*ia eight days to pass ?r\gh ! l& ( ! ,khaz>s4 ,see ,dr4 ,a4 ,b5is*1 ,translation ( ,peta*ia's ,travels4 ,9 note #c1 p4 #gj1 he gives a %ort sket* ( _! hi/ory4 ,! rul+ dyna/y & mo/ ( ! inhabitants embrac$ ! ,jewi% religion4 ,footnote #de3 ,procopius1 vol4 ,i 7,pale/9e ,pilgrims' ,text ,society71 gives a full description ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,footnote #df3 ,! comm5tator1 wrongly suppos$ to be ,ra%i1 gives an int]e/+ note ^u ! passage 9 ,i ,*ron4 xx4 #b1 :]e x is m5tion$ t ,david took ! cr[n ( ! k+ ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon1 & f\nd x to weigh a tal5t ( gold1 & x 0 set ^u ,david's head4 ,ra%i /ates t ! mean+ ( ! passage mu/ be t ?is cr[n 0 hung above ,david's ?rone1 & adds t he he>d 9 ,n>bonne t ?is practice 0 /ill kept up by ! k+s 9 ! ,ea/4 ,footnote #dg3 ,see = a full acc\nt ( ^! p[]ful ,seljuk ,sultans ,f4 ,lebre*t's ,essay on ! ,caliphate ( ,bagdad dur+ ! latt] half ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,vol4 ,,ii ( ,a4 ,a%]'s ,it9]>y ( ,rabbi ,b5jam94 ,footnote #dh3 ,ibn ,v]ga1 ,%evet ,jehuda1 ,,xxv1 /ates t a pr$ecessor ( ! ,emp]or ,manuel ,comn5us issu$ an edict prohibit+ ! ,jews f resid+ else:]e ?an 9 ,p]a1 & re/rict+ _! occupation to tann+ & %ipbuild+4 ,footnote #di3 ,?is place is m5tion$ by ,procopius1 p4 #aai1 z hav+ be5 =tifi$ by ,ju/9ian4 ,x is n[ kn[n z ,rodo/o4 ,footnote #ej3 ,ibn ,ezra visit$ ,cyprus be=e 8 arrival 9 ,london 9 #aaeh1 :5 he wrote ! ,sabba? ,epi/le4 ,x is n unlikely t ! het]odox practices ( ! sect ( :om ,b5jam9 "h speaks _h be5 put =w>d 9 c]ta9 books to :i* ,ibn ,ezra alludes1 & induc$ him to compose ! pamphlet 9 def5ce ( ! traditional mode ( obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? day4 ,?is supposition is n inconsi/5t ) ,graetz's !ory1 vol4 ,,vi1 p4 #ddg4 ,see also ,dr4 ,fri$l&]1 ,ibn ,ezra 9 ,engl&1 ,j4,q4,r41 ,,viii1 p4 #adj1 & ,joseph ,jacobs1 ,! ,jews ( ,angev9 ,engl&1 p4 #ce4 ,footnote #ea3 ,see ,gibbon1 *aps1 lviii & lix2 ,*>les ,mills1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,crusades1 ,i1 p4 #aei2 ,c4,r4 ,cond]1 ,lat9 ,k+dom ( ,j]usalem1 p4 #ci4 ,footnote #eb3 ,! sev]al ,,mss4 give diff]5t read+s4 ,! k+dom rea*$ to ! ,taurus m\nta9s & ! ,sultanate ( ,rum or ,iconium4 ,footnote #ec3 ,beazley rem>ks t ,b5jam9 mu/ h pass$ along ?is coa/ be=e #aafg1 :5 ,?oros di$ at peace & on t]ms ( vassalage to ! ,emp]or ,manuel ,comn5us4 ,malmi/ras is =ty-five miles f ,t>sus4 ,bo? _h be5 recaptur$ by ,manuel 9 #aaee4 ,josippon1 ,i1 *ap4 i1 id5tifies ,t>%i% ) ,t>sus4 ,footnote #ed3 ,no d\bt ! riv] ,f]1 o!rwise ,orontes1 is "h ref]r$ to4 ,anci5t ,antio* lies on ! slope ( ,m\nt ,silpius1 & ! city-wall erect$ by ,ju/9ian ext5d$ f ! riv] up to ! hill-plateau4 ,abulf$a says3 ,! riv] ( ,hamah is also call$ ,al ,urunt or ! ,nahr al ,maklub 7! ,ov]turn$7 on acc\nt ( its c\rse f s\? to nor?2 or1 aga91 x is call$ ,al' ,asi 7! ,rebel71 = ! reason t ?\gh mo/ riv]s wat] ! l&s on _! bord]s )\t ! aid ( wat]-:eels1 ! riv] ( ,hamah w n irrigate ! l&s except by ! aid ( ma*9es = rais+ its wat]s4 7,guy le ,/range1 ,pale/9e "u ! ,moslems1 p4 #ei47 ,x is /range t ,r4 ,b5jam9 %\ld call ! ,orontes ! riv] ,jabbok1 b he always takes c>e to add t x rises 9 ! ,lebanon1 to avoid any misconception t ! ,jabbok :i* falls into ! ,jordan is meant4 ,footnote #ee3 ,boemond ,,iii1 surnam$ le ,baube 7! ,/amm]]71 succe$$ 8 "m 9 #aafc4 ,we owe ! d\btless correct r5d]+ ( ?is passage to ! +5uity ( ! late ,joseph ,z$n]4 ,b5jam9 visit$ ,antio* be=e #aagj1 :5 a fe>ful e>?quake de/roy$ a great "p ( ! city4 ,footnote #ef3 ,x mu/ be inf]r$ f ! context "h1 z well z f o!r passages1 t :5 ,b5jam9 m5tions ! numb] ( ,jews resid+ at a p>ticul> place he ref]s to ! heads ( families4 ,footnote #eg3 ,gebal is ! ,gabala ( anci5t geograph]s4 ,see ,s*e*t]1 ,saadyana1 p4 #be4 ,_m travell]s1 among !m ,rob9son1 id5tify ,baal-,gad ) ,banias1 o!rs suppose x to be ,hasbeya4 ,footnote #eh3 ,ha%i%im--hemp-smok]s--h5ce is d]iv$ ! ^w assass94 ,see ,soc91 ,pale/9e & ,syria1 pp4 #fh & #ii4 ,ibn ,batuta & o!r ,arabic writ]s h mu* to say ab\t ! ,assass9s or ,mulahids1 z !y call !m4 ,!y are aga9 ref]r$ to by ,b5jam9 on p4 #ed1 :]e he /ates t 9 ,p]sia !y haunt$ ! m\nta9\s di/rict ( ,mulahid1 "u ! sway ( ! ,old ,man ( ! ,m\nta94 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! ,%eik acquir$ influ5ce ov] 8 foll[]s is amus+ly describ$ by ,m>co ,polo 7,! ,book ( ,s] ,m>co ,polo3 translat$ & edit$ by ,colonel ,sir ,h5ry ,yule2 ?ird edition1 ,london1 ,john ,murray1 #aijc73 ,9 a f]tile & seque/]$ valley he plac$ e conceivable ?+ pleasant to man--luxuri\s palaces1 delightful g>d5s1 fair damsels skill$ 9 music1 danc+1 & song1 9 %ort1 a v]itable p>adise6 ,:5 desir\s ( s5d+ any ( 8 b& on "s haz>d\s ent]prise ! ,old ,man w\ld drug !m & place !m :ile unconsci\s 9 ?is glori\s valley4 ,b x 0 n = _m days t !y 7 all[$ to revel 9 ! joys ( p>adise4 ,ano!r potion 0 giv5 to !m1 & :5 ! "y m5 awoke !y f\nd !mselves 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,old ,man ( ! ,m\nta94 ,9 ! hope ( aga9 possess+ ! joys ( p>adise !y 7 ready to emb>k ^u any desp]ate err& comm&$ by ! ,old ,man4 ,m>co ,polo m5tions t ! ,old ,man f\nd crafty deputies1 :o ) _! foll[]s settl$ 9 p>ts ( ,syria & ,kurdi/an4 ,he adds t1 9 ! ye> #abeb1 ,alaue1 "l ( ! ,t>t>s ( ! ,levant1 made w> aga9/ ! ,old ,man1 & slaught]$ him ) _m ( 8 foll[]s4 ,yule gives a long li/ ( murd]s or attempts at murd] ascrib$ to ! ,assass9s4 ,salad9's life 0 attempt$ 9 #aagd-f4 ,pr9ce ,edw>d ( ,engl& 0 sla9 at ,acre 9 #aagb4 ,! sect is n q ext9ct4 ,!y h spread to ,bombay & ,zanzib>1 & numb] 9 ,we/]n ,india ov] #ej1jjj4 ,! m5tion ( ! ,old ,man ( ! ,m\nta9 w recall to ! read] ! /ory ( ,s9bad ! ,sailor 9 ,! ,arabian ,nights4 ,footnote #ei3 ,see ,p>*i1 ,caphtor wa-ph]a*1 an exhau/ive "w on ,pale/9e writt5 #acbb1 especially *ap4 xi4 ,! au?or sp5t ov] sev5 ye>s 9 explor+ ! c\ntry4 ,footnote #fj3 ,soc91 ! au?or ( ,ba$ek]'s ,h&book to ,pale/9e & ,syria1 p4 #eeg1 gives ! ye> ( ! e>?quake #aaeg4 ,x is ref]r$ to aga9 p4 #ca4 ,!re 0 a v sev]e e>?quake 9 ?is di/rict also 9 #aagj1 & ! fact t ,b5jam9 does n ref] to x furni%es u ) ano!r t]m9us ad quem4 ,footnote #fa3 ,see ! n>rative ( ,william ( ,tyre4 ,footnote #fb3 ,gubail1 ! anci5t ,gebal1 0 not$ = its artific]s & /onecutt]s4 ,cf4 ,i ,k+s v4 #cb2 ,ezek4 xxvii4 #i4 ,! ,greeks nam$ ! place ,byblos1 ! bir?place ( ,philo4 ,! co9s ( ,byblos h a repres5tation ( ! ,temple ( ,a/>te4 ,all along ! coa/ we f9d rema9s ( ! wor%ip ( ,baal ,kronos & ,baaltis1 ( ,osiris & ,isis1 & x is probable t ! wor%ip ( ,adonis & ,jupit]-,ammon l$ ,b5jam9 to associate !re) ! ,ammonites4 ,! ref]5ce to ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon is bas$ on a misund]/&+1 aris+ p]haps out ( ,ps4 lxxxiii4 #h4 ,footnote #fc3 ,! ,qu>t]ly ,/atem5ts ( ! ,pale/9e ,exploration ,fund = #ahhf & #ahhi give a good deal ( in=mation conc]n+ ! religion ( ! ,druses4 ,_! morality is !re describ$ z hav+ be5 mu* malign$4 ,footnote #fd3 ,tyre 0 not$ = its glass-w>e & sug> factories up to #abia1 :5 x 0 ab&on$ by ! ,crusad]s1 & de/roy$ by ! ,moslems4 ,footnote #fe3 ,?is "n is appli$ to ! ,ki%on1 m5tion$ fur!r on1 celebrat$ 9 ,deborah's song 7,judg4 v4 #ba71 b x is ab\t five miles s\? ( ,acre1 ! riv] ne>e/ to ! t[n be+ ! ,belus1 not$ = its f9e s& suitable = glass-mak+4 ,x is n unlikely t ,r4 ,b5jam9 alludes to ! celebrat$ ox-spr+ ( :i* ,arab writ]s h mu* to say4 ,mukkadasi writes 9 #ihe3 ,outside ! ea/]n city gate is a spr+4 ,?is !y call ,a9 al ,bak>1 relat+ h[ x 0 ,adam--peace be ^u him6--:o discov]$ ?is spr+1 & gave 8 ox5 wat] !refrom1 :5ce its "n4 ,footnote #ff3 ,ga?-,heph]1 ! bir?place ( ,jonah1 ne> ,kefr ,k5na1 9 ! t]ritory ( ,zebulon 7,jo%ua xix4 #ac71 is n "h ref]r$ to1 b ! l& ( ,heph]1 ,i ,k+s iv4 #aj is probably meant4 ,footnote #fg3 ,9 ,b5jam9's "t h]mits1 :o ev5tually f\nd$ ! ,c>melite ord] ( monks1 occupi$ grottoes on ,m\nt ,c>mel4 ,footnote #fh3 ,b5jam9 travell$ along ! coa/ to ,caes>ea4 ,mr4 ,guy ,le ,/range 7,pale/9e "u ! ,moslems1 #ahij1 p4 #dgg7 writes3 ,tall ,kanisah1 or ,al ,kunaisah1 ! ,little ,*ur*1 is ! m\nd a few miles nor? ( ,a?li?1 :i* ! ,crusad]s took to be ! site ( ,cap]naum4 ,b5jam9 mu/ h kn[n v well t ,maon1 :i* 0 contigu\s to ano!r ,c>mel 7ref]r$ to 9 ,jo%ua xv4 #ee71 belong$ to ,judah1 & 0 n 9 ! nor? ( ,pale/9e4 ,"h1 z 9 ! case ( ,ga? & else:]e1 he quotes :at 0 ! he>say id5tification curr5t at ! "t he visit$ ^! places4 ,see an article by ,c4,r4 ,cond] on ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,topography 9 ! ,qu>t]ly ,/atem5ts ( ! ,pale/9e ,exploration ,fund = #ahgf1 p4#af4 ,cf4 ,! ,anci5t ,hebrew ,tradition1 by ,pr(4 ,fr4 ,hommel1 p4 #bdc4 ,footnote #fi3 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,crusad]s ,ga? 0 suppos$ to be ne> ,jamnia1 b no?+ def9ite is kn[n z to its site4 7,ba$ek]1 ,h&book to ,pale/9e & ,syria1 #ahgf1 p4 #cag47 ,footnote #gj3 ,x lies betwe5 ,caes>ea & ,lydda4 ,see ,cond]'s ,lat9 ,k+dom ( ,j]usalem4 ,munk's ,pale/9e might also be consult$ ) advantage4 ,footnote #ga3 ,! tomb ( ,/4 ,george is /ill %[n 9 ! ,greek *ur* at ,lydda4 ,footnote #gb3 ,mr4 ,a4 ,c[ley 9 an article on ! ,sam>itan ,liturgy 9 ,j4 ,q4,r41 ,,vii1 #abe1 /ates t ! ,h\se ( ,a>on di$ out 9 #afbd4 ,! (fice !n w5t to ano!r bran*1 ! prie/ be+ call$ ,hebrew31 ! ,levite ,cohon4 ,cf4 ,adl] & ,seligsohn's ,une n\velle *ronique ,sam>ita9e4 7,p>is3 ,durla*]1 #aijc47 ,footnote #gc3 ,! small squ>e build+ kn[n z ,joseph's tomb lies a %ort di/ance nor? ( ,jacob's well1 at ! ea/]n entrance to ! vale ( ,nabl\s4 ,footnote #gd3 ,cf4 ,guy ,le ,/range1 ,pale/9e1 #cha1 & ,rapoport's ,note #aff1 ,a%]'s ,b5jam91 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #hg4 ,footnote #ge3 ,! ,,mss4 are defective "h2 />t+ f ,%e*em1 ,m\nt ,gilboa1 :i* to ?is day pres5ts a b>e appe>ance1 is 9 a diff]5t direction to ,ajalon4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ,b5jam9 p]sonally visit$ all ! places m5tion$ 9 8 ,it9]>y4 ,8 visit took place n long aft] ! second great ,crusade1 :5 ,pale/9e "u ! k+s ( ,j]usalem 0 di/urb$ by int]nal diss5sions & ! onslaughts ( ! ,s>ac5s "u ,nur-ed-d9 ( ,damascus & 8 g5]als4 ,b5jam9 c\ld at be/ visit ! places ( note only :5 ! opportunity (f]$4 ,footnote #gf3 ,?is & mo/ ( ! o!r places m5tion$ by ,b5jam9 are m or less id5tifi$ 9 ! v important "w publi%$ by ! ,pale/9e ,exploration ,fund1 ,! ,survey ( ,we/]n ,pale/9e4 ,our au?or's /atem5ts are c>efully exam9$1 & ,colonel ,cond]1 aft] expatiat+ ^u ! extraord9>y mi/akes made by writ]s 9 ! "t ( ! ,crusad]s1 "s ( :om actually conf\nd$ ! sea ( ,galilee ) ! ,m$it]ranean1 says3 ,! m$iaeval ,jewi% pilgrims appe> z a rule to h _h a mu* m accurate k bo? ( ! c\ntry & ( ! ,bible4 ,_! ass]tions are borne out by exi/+ rema9s1 & are ( ! greate/ value4 ,footnote #gg3 ,k+ ,baldw9 ,,iii di$ 9 #aafb1 & 0 succe$$ by 8 bro!r ,alm>ic4 ,footnote #gh3 ,! read+ ( ! ,roman ,,ms4 t !re 7 b f\r ,jewi% inhabitants at ,j]usalem is 9 con=mity ) ,r4 ,pe?a*ia1 :o pass$ ?r\gh ,pale/9e "s t5 or tw5ty ye>s aft] ,r4 ,b5jam91 & f\nd b "o ,jew !re4 ,! ,hebrew3 dale? mean+ f\r w\ld easily be misread = ,hebrew3 re% mean+ #bjj4 ,footnote #gi3 ,! ,knights ( ! ,hospital ( ,/4 ,john & ! ,templ>s are "h ref]r$ to4 ,see ,gibbon1 ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire2 ,*>les ,mills1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,crusades1 #d? edition1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #cdb1 & ,besant & ,palm]'s ,j]usalem1 *ap4 ix4 ,footnote #hj3 ,cf4 ! writ+s ( ,mukaddasi ! ,hi]osolomite1 "o ( ! publications ( ! ,pale/9e ,pilgrims' ,text ,society4 ,see also ,edrisi's & ,ali ( ,h]at's works4 ,*ap4 iii ( ,guy ,le ,/range's ,pale/9e gives full extracts ( ,edrisi's acc\nt writt5 9 #aaed & ,ali's 9 #aagc4 ,see also five plans ( ,j]usalem design$ betwe5 #aafj & #aahj1 vol4 ,,xv1 ,zeits*rift des ,deuts*5 ,palae/9a-,v]e9s4 ,footnote #ha3 ,ezek4 xx4 #ce4 ,! idea t ! ,gorge ( ,jeho%aphat w be ! sc5e ( ! la/ judgm5t is bas$ ^u ,joel iv4 #b4 ,cf4 ,m4,n4 ,adl]1 ,temple at ,j]usalem & ,sir ,*>les ,w>r5's ,comm5ts4 ,footnote #hb3 ,9 memory ( ,absalom's disob$i5ce to 8 fa!r1 x is cu/om>y ) ! ,jews to pelt ?is monum5t ) /ones to ! pres5t day4 ,! adjo9+ tomb is traditionally kn[n z t ( ,ze*>iah1 #b ,*ron4 xxiv4 #bj1 ,k+ ,uzziah1 o!rwise ,az>iah1 0 buri$ on ,m\nt ,zion1 close to ! o!r k+s ( ,judah1 #b ,k+s xv4 #g4 ,cf4 ,p4,e4 ,f41 ,j]usalem1 z to id5tification ( sites4 ,sir ,*>les ,wilson1 ,picturesque ,pale/9e1 gives excell5t illu/rations ( ! holy places1 & 8 "w might be consult$ ) advantage4 ,footnote #hc3 ,pill>s ( salt are to be met ) else:]e1 = in/ance at ,hammam ,meskutim 9 ,alg]ia4 ,!y are caus$ by sp\ts ( wat]1 9 :i* s great a quantity ( salt is conta9$ z at times to /op up ! ap]ture ( ! spr+4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 is aga9 unseal$ ?r\gh cattle lick+ (f ! salt ne> ! ap]ture1 & ! same process ( fill+ up & un/opp+ goes on cont9ually4 ,cf4 ,talmud ,b]a*ot1 #ed a4 ,footnote #hd3 ,see ,ba$ek]'s ,pale/9e & ,syria1 pp4 #bcc1 #bcf2 also ,s*w>tz1 ,pale/9e1 #aheb1 p4 #bcj & ,dr4 ,rob9son's ,pale/9e1 ,i1 p4 #eaf4 ,footnote #he3 ,edrisi 9 #aaed writes3 ,! tomb is cov]$ by twelve /ones1 & above x is a dome vault$ ov] ) /ones4 ,footnote #hf3 ,comp>e ,r4 ,pe?a*ia's acc\nt ( 8 visit 7,travels ( ,rabbi ,peta*ia3 translat$ by ,dr4 ,a4 ,b5is*2 ,london1 ,truebn] ,co41 #ahef1 p4 #fc74 ,see pap]s by ,pr(essors ,goldzih] & ,gu! 7,zeits*rift des ,deuts*5 ,palae/9a-,v]e9s1 ,,xvii1 pp4 #aae & #bch7 = an acc\nt ( ! op5+ ( ! tombs at ,hebron 9 #aaai1 z giv5 9 a presumably contemporane\s ,,ms4 f\nd by ,c\nt ,riant4 ,fifte5 e>!nw>e vessels fill$ ) bones1 p]haps ^? ref]r$ to by ,b5jam91 7 f\nd4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! actual tombs ( ! ,patri>*s 7 di/urb$1 b x is /at$ t ! ,abbot ( ,/4 ,gall5 paid 9 #aahj t5 m>ks ( gold 7equal to ab\t ,l#e1bdj /]l+7 = relics tak5 f ! alt> ( ! *ur* at ,hebron4 ,! ,,ms4 ( ,c\nt ,riant fur!r m5tions t be=e ! occupation ( ,hebron by ! ,arabs1 ! ,greeks _h block$ up & conceal$ ! entrance to ! caves4 ,! ,jews subsequ5tly disclos$ ! place ( ! entrance to ! ,moslems1 receiv+ z recomp5se p]mission to build a synagogue close by4 ,?is 0 no d\bt ! ,jewi% place ( wor%ip ref]r$ to by ,b5jam94 ,%ortly aft] ,b5jam9's visit 9 #aafg ! ,crusad]s e/abli%$ a bi%opric & erect$ a *ur* 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,h>am4 ,see also ,cond]'s acc\nt ( ! visit ( ,8 ,maje/y ! ,k+1 :5 ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 to ! ,h>am at ,hebron4 7,pale/9e ,exploration ,fund's ,qu>t]ly ,/atem5t1 #ahhb47 ,footnote #hg3 ,beit ,jibr9 0 =tifi$ by ,k+ ,fulk 9 #aacd4 ,see ,ba$ek]'s ,pale/9e & ,syria1 p4 #cji2 ,rapoport's ,ere* ,mil91 p4 #ed2 also a prelim9>y notice on ! ,necropolis ( ,m>e%a 9 ,p4,e4,f4,q4,s41 ,oct41 #aijb1 p4 #cic4 ,! text has ,hebrew31 b x %\ld be ,hebrew34 ,inscriptions on tombs ne> ,beit ,jibr9 %[ t ! t[n1 to :i* ^? buri$ belong$1 0 call$ ,m>iseh4 ,! passage 9 ,a & all pr9t$ editions z to ,%unem & ,toron de ,los ,caball]os is corrupt4 ,%unem 0 a small place 9 ,galilee1 & is n likely to h _h #cjj ,jews at ! "t ( ! ,crusad]s1 /ill less s ,toron ! pres5t ,latrun4 ,footnote #hh3 ,%iloh1 at ! "t ( ! ,crusad]s1 0 consid]$ to occupy ! site ( ,mizpeh1 ! highe/ m\nta9 ne> ,j]usalem1 :]e ! national assemblies 7 held at ! "t ( ! ,judges4 ,! pres5t mosque is dilapidat$1 b ! sub/ructure1 :i* dates f ! ,frank p]iod1 is beautifully jo9t$4 ,! apse is rais$4 ,! reput$ tomb ( ,samuel is on ! we/]n side ( ! *ur*4 ,x is /ill call$ ,nebi ,samwil1 v5]at$ alike by ,jew & ,moslem4 ,footnote #hi3 ,?is & ,mahom]ie-le-gr&1 already m5tion$1 are ,crusad]s' *ur*es4 ,see ,rey1 ,les ,colonies franques de ,syrie aux ,,xii'e et ,,xiii'e siecles1 p4 #chg2 also ,cond]1 ,! ,lat9 ,k+dom ( ,j]usalem4 ,footnote #ij3 ,beit-,nuba ne> ,ramleh has be5 id5tifi$ )\t pro( ) ,nob4 ,ri*>d ,coeur-de-,lion encamp$ "h "s tw5ty-five ye>s aft] ,b5jam9's visit4 ,he ) ! army ( ! ,crusad]s pass$ ?r\gh ,ibel9 on 8 way to ,askelon4 ,cf4 ,v9sauf's ,it9]>ium ,regis ,ric>di4 ,footnote #ia3 ,see an int]e/+ ,pap]1 ,d] ,pass von ,mi*mas1 by ,pr(4 ,d4,g4 ,dalman1 ,z4,d4,p4,v41 #aijd1 vol4 ,,xxvii1 p4 #afa4 ,footnote #ib3 ,a%] r5d]s ,hebrew3 ,ramleh1 = :i* !re is "s ju/ification4 ,ramleh did n exi/ 9 ,bible times--x 0 f\nd$ 9 #gaf4 ,x prosp]$ to su* an ext5t t x became z l>ge z ,j]usalem4 ,x 0 a good deal damag$ by an e>?quake 9 #ajcc4 ,ramleh _h a l>ge ,moslem population1 & ! ,jews !re rema9$ comp>atively unmole/$ by ! ,crusad]s4 ,?is latt] fact acc\nts = ! some:at l>ge numb] ( ,jews resid+ !re4 ,a%]'s read+1 & t ( all ! pr9t$ editions1 is ab\t ?ree ,jews dwell !re4 ,?is is obvi\sly wrong4 ,probably ! copyi/ is to blame 9 tak+ ,hebrew3 to be an abbreviation = ,hebrew3 ,! reports ( contempor>y ,arabic au?ors w be f\nd 9 ,guy ,le ,/range's ,pale/9e1 pp4 #cjc-h4 ,footnote #ic3 ,ali ( ,h]at1 ,b5jam9's contempor>y1 writes3 ,askelon is a f9e & beautiful city4 ,!re is ne> "h ! well ( ,abraham1 :i* !y say he dug ) 8 own h&4 ,bohad91 9 8 ,life ( ,salad91 gives a detail$ acc\nt ( ! demolition ( ! city 9 #aaib1 aft] ! conclusion ( peace betwe5 ,k+ ,ri*>d ,i & ,salad94 ,ibn ,batutah 9 #acee f\nd ! t[n 9 ru9s1 b gives a detail$ acc\nt ( ! well4 7,guy ,le ,/range1 pp4 #djb-c2 cf4 ,dr4 ,h4 ,hilde%eim]1 ,beitraege zur ,geographie ,palae/9as47 ,footnote #id3 ,! ca!dral at ,lydda ) ! tomb ( ,/4 ,george 0 de/roy$ :5 ,salad9 captur$ ! place 9 #aaia4 ,x 0 rebuilt by a ,k+ ( ,engl& 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,footnote #ie3 ,a4,m4 ,lunez 9 8 ,ye>-book = #ahha1 pp4 #ga-afe1 gives a complete li/ ( ! reput$ ,jewi% tombs 9 ,pale/9e4 ,!re are _m records ( ! graves ( ,jewi% wor?ies 9 our lit]ature1 b x is n easy to reconcile ! diff]5t v]sions4 ,see ,jacob b5 ,ne?anel's ,it9]>y giv5 9 ,lunez's ,j]usalem1 #aijf1 ,,vii1 p4 #hg4 ,footnote #if3 ,bo? ,,bm4 & ,r h ,hebrew31 :il/ ,e & ,a h ! faulty read+ ,hebrew34 ,! ,s$] ,hadoro? has ! same read+ z ,e & ,a4 ,jehuda ,halevi di$ ab\t ?irty ye>s be=e ,b5jam9's visit1 & ! "q ( ! burial-place ( our great national poet is ?us f9ally settl$4 ,footnote #ig3 ,! common belief is t ,simon ! ,j 0 buri$ ne> ,j]usalem1 on ! road to ,nabl\s1 ab\t a mile f ! ,damascus ,gate4 ,footnote #ih3 ,cf4 ,s*e*t]'s ,saadyana1 p4 #hi4 ,footnote #ii3 ,! passage ref]r+ to ! ,arnon is evid5tly out ( place4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,see ,deut4 xi4 #bd4 ,footnote #aja3 ,= a description ( ! city & its great mosque1 see ,ba$ek]1 also ,guy ,le ,/range1 ,pale/9e "u ! ,moslems1 *ap4 vi4 ,! mo/ ea/]n dome ( ! mosque is to ?is day call$ ,kubbet-es-,saa1 ! ,dome ( ,h\rs4 ,mukaddasi gives an elaborate description ( ! mosaics & o!r features ( ?is mosque4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,cf4 ,midra% ,raba1 *ap1 xiv3 ,hebrew32 also ,josephus1 ,ant4 ,i1 vii1 #b :o quotes ,nicolaus ( ,damascus 9 ! words ,9 ,damasco regn>it ,abramus4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,pe?a*ia e/imates ! ,jewi% population at #ai1jjj4 ,?is confirms ! op9ion already giv5 7p4 #bf7 t ,b5jam9 ref]s to heads ( families4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,dr4 ,w4 ,ba*] ) ju/ice obs]ves t1 at ! "t ( ! ,crusades1 ! traditions ( ! ,pale/9ian ,gaonate seem to h surviv$ at ,damascus4 ,see ,j4 ,q4,r41 ,,xv1 pp4 #gi-if4 ,footnote #aje3 ,galid z a city _c be id5tifi$4 ,sal*ah is 9 ! ,ea/]n ,hauran1 half a day's j\rney f ,bosra1 & is spok5 ( 9 ,scripture z a fronti] city ( ,ba%an4 7,deut4 iii4 #aj2 ,jo%ua xii4 #e47 ,x lies a long way to ! s\? ( ,damascus1 :il/ ,baalbec lies to ! nor?4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,t>mod is ,tadmor or ,palmyra4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,! important city ,emesa1 n[ call$ ,homs1 is "h probably indicat$4 ,9 scripture1 ,g54 x4 #ah1 ! ,zem>ite & ! ,hama?ite are gr\p$ toge!r among ! ,canaanite families4 ,9 ?is di/rict is ! int]mitt5t spr+ ( ,fuw> ed-,d]1 ! ,sabbatio ,riv] ( antiquity1 :i* ,titus visit$ aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 ,josephus 7,w>s ( ! ,jews1 ,book ,,vii1 sec4 #e7 describes x z foll[s3 ,its curr5t is /rong & has pl5ty ( wat]2 aft] :i* its spr+s fail = six days toge!r & leave its *annels dry1 z any "o may see2 aft] :i* days x runs on ! sev5? day z x did be=e1 & z ?\gh x _h und]gone no *ange at all3 x has also be5 obs]v$ to keep ?is ord] p]petually & exactly4 ,! int]mitt5t action is readily acc\nt$ = by ! /ream hav+ holl[$ out an und]gr\nd duct1 :i* acts z a syphon4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,hama? is (t5 m5tion$ 9 ,scripture1 situat$ at no great di/ance f ! ,orontes4 ,9 ! tr\bl\s "t aft] ! fir/ crusade x 0 tak5 by ! ,ismailians or ,assass9s4 ,! e>?quake ( #aaeg caus$ great damage4 ,tw5ty ye>s lat] ! place 0 captur$ by ,salad94 ,footnote #aji3 ,rob9son & ,cond] id5tify ,hazor ) a site ne> ,k$e% ,naftali1 b ,%eiza is d\btless ,%eiz>1 ! anci5t ,l>issa4 ,hav+ reg>d to ! read+s ( ! o!r ,,mss41 !re is no d\bt t ,latm91 ! next /age on ! way to ,aleppo1 is ! correct "n ( ! place4 ,see ,m4 ,h>tmann's articles1 ,beitraege zur ,k5ntuis d] ,syris*5 ,/eppe1 ,z4,d4,p4,v41 vols4 ,,xxii & ,,xxiii1 #aijj ,i4 ,cf4 ! article on ! ,b\nd>ies ( ,pale/9e & ,syria by ,m4 ,fri$mann1 ,luncz's ,j]usalem1 vol4 ,,ii4 ,footnote #aaj3 ,edrisi writes t !re 0 abundance ( wat] at ,aleppo1 b !re is no discrepancy betwe5 ,b5jam9's & ,edrisi's /atem5ts1 z ,a%] supposes4 ,! old wat]works 7 re/or$ by ,malek ab\t ! ye> #abjj1 "s ?irty ye>s aft] ,b5jam9's visit4 ,footnote #aaa3 ,edrisi & ,abulf$a speak ( ,balis & ,kalat ,jab>4 ,see ,guy ,le ,/range1 p4 #dag4 ,z5gy ! ,atabeg 0 sla9 at ,kalat ,jab>4 ,footnote #aab3 ,rakka is on ! left bank ( ! ,euphrates4 ,x 0 an important city ( ,upp] ,mesopotamia1 comm&+ ! ,syrian fronti]4 ,sal*ah is 9 ! ,hauran4 ,see p4 #cj1 note #e4 ,on ! "r bank ( ! ,euphrates1 ne>ly opposite to ,rakka1 0 ,?apsacus4 ,"h ,cyrus =d$ ! riv]1 & "h ,alex&] cross$ 9 pursuit ( ,d>ius4 ,footnote #aac3 ,h>ran1 ! city ( ,nahor1 is tw5ty-f\r miles ,,sse4 ( ,edessa on ! ,balikh4 ,mu/awfi tells u ( ,abraham's ,%r9e4 ,footnote #aad3 ,ras-el-,a91 probably ,rhesa9a4 ,! riv] ,khabur--! ,araxes ( ,x5ophon--fl[s f ! ,kurdi/an m\nta9s s\?w>ds1 & runs into ! ,euphrates4 ,footnote #aae3 ,! ,gozan riv] _c be1 z tacitly assum$ by ,a%]1 ! ,kizil ,uzun 7also kn[n z ! ,araxes74 ,! ,kizil ,uzun is on ! "r ( ! wat]%$ ( ! m\nta9s ( ,kurdi/an1 & falls into ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,! ,khabur above ref]r$ to fl[s ?r\gh ,mesopotamia1 n ?r\gh ,m$ia4 ,! misconception arises probably f ! au?or be+ too m9dful ( ! passage occurr+ repeat$ly 9 ,scripture1 e4 g4 #b ,k+s xvii4 #f3 444 & plac$ !m 9 ,halah & 9 ,habor by ! riv] ( ,gozan1 & 9 ! cities ( ! ,m$es4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,all ! ,,mss4 except ,,bm4 h "h3 ,!nce x is two days to ! city ( ,nisibis 7,nasib974 ,?is is a great city ) rivulets ( wat]1 & conta9s ab\t #a1jjj ,jews4 ,footnote #aag3 ,josephus 7,antiquities1 ,i1 #c7 m5tions t ,noah's ,ark /ill exi/$ 9 8 day4 ,rabbi ,pe?a*ia1 :o travell$ ?r\gh ,arm5ia )9 tw5ty ye>s aft] ,b5jam91 speaks ( f\r m\nta9 peaks1 betwe5 :i* ! ,ark became fix$ & f :i* x c\ld n get free4 ,arab writ]s tell u t ,jabal ,judi 7,koran1 *4 xi1 v]4 #df7 ) ! ,mosque ( ,noah on ! summit1 c\ld be se5 f ,geziret4 ,see also ,m>co ,polo1 ,bk4 ,i4 *4 #c4 ,footnote #aah3 ,see ,lebre*t's ,essay ,on ! ,/ate ( ! ,caliphate at ,bagdad4 ,s9-ed-d91 o!rwise kn[n z ,seif-ed-d91 di$ #aadi1 "s tw5ty ye>s be=e ,b5jam9's visit1 & ,graetz 7vol4 ,,vi1 note #aj7 sugge/s t ! appo9tm5t ( ,a/ronom] ,royal mu/ h be5 made by ,nur-ed-d9's nephew4 ,none ( ! ,,mss4 h ?is read+1 nor is su* a correction ne$$4 ,r4 ,joseph may h be5 appo9t$ by ,nur-ed-d9's bro!r1 & w\ld naturally reta9 ! (fice dur+ ! reign ( 8 successor4 ,footnote #aai3 ,irbil1 or ,arbela1 is two days' j\rney f ,mosul4 ,see ,saadyana1 ,j4 ,q4,r41 vol4 ,,xiv1 p4 #ejc1 & ,w4 ,ba*]'s note1 p4 #gda4 ,footnote #abj3 ,= a full acc\nt ( ,mosul & o!r places "h ref]r$ to1 see ,mr4 ,guy ,le ,/range's ,! ,l&s ( ! ,ea/]n ,caliphate1 #aije1 also ,lay>d's ,n9eveh & its ,rema9s & ,n9eveh & ,babylon4 ,lay>d c>efully exam9$ ,nebbi ,junus1 :i* is held 9 great v5]ation by ! ,mussulmans1 & came to ! conclusion t ! tradition :i* places ,jonah's tomb on ?is spot is a m]e fable 7p4 #eif74 ,x w be se5 t ,b5jam9 speaks ( ! ,%r9e z a ,synagogue4 ,at ,alku% ne> ,mosul ! tomb ( ,nahum is po9t$ out1 & ! ,arabs say t aft] ,jonah _h fulfill$ 8 mission to ! p ( ,n9eveh !y relaps$ into idolatry4 ,!n ,nahum d5\nc$ ! city & 0 sla9 by ! populace1 :o proclaim$ him & ,jonah to be false prophets1 s9ce ! doom ! latt] =etold does n come to pass1 ,see ,s*w>z1 ,das ,heilige ,l&1 #aheb1 p4 #bei1 id5tify+ ,kef> ,tan*um ne> ,tib]ias ) ,nahum's burialplace ,footnote #aba3 ,z to ,jewi% seats ( le>n+ 9 ,babylon ref] to ,dr4 ,krauss's ,article ,babylonia 9 ! ,jewi% ,encyclopa$ia2 see also ,guy ,le ,/range1 p4 #gd1 :o sugge/s t ,pumb$ita means m\? ( ! ,badat canal4 ,cf4 ,j4 ,q4 ,r41 ,,xvii1 p4 #gef4 ,footnote #abb3 ,had>a goes "u ! "n ,alha?r or ,hatra4 ,!re mu/ exi/ great d\bt z to :e!r ,b5jam9 _h p]sonally satisfi$ himself z to ! ,jewi% population he gives = ?is & ! o!r places he tells (1 till he comes to ,egypt4 ,up to ?is po9t ! ,travell] has always appe>$ to "u-e/imate ! ,jewi% population4 ,h5ce=? x w be f\nd t he gives app>5tly exagg]at$ figures1--& ?is l5ds col\r to ! view t ,b5jam9 did n proce$ beyond ,ispahan1 b f\nd 8 way !nce direct to ,egypt4 ,! /atem5ts conc]n+ ! int]v5+ places mu/ !re=e be tak5 to h be5 bas$ ^u he>say in=mation4 ,pe?a*ia's rem>ks are significant3 ,9 ! l& ( ,cu% & ,babel are m ?an sixty myriads ( ,jews2 z _m are 9 ! l& ( ,p]sia4 ,b 9 ,p]sia ! ,jews are subject to h>d bondage & suff]+4 ,!re=e ,rabbi ,pe?a*ia visit$ only "o city 9 ,p]sia4 7,dr4 ,b5is*'s edition1 p4 #ai47 ,footnote #abc3 ,! ,caliphs ( ! ,abbaside ,dyna/y trac$ _! desc5t f ,mohamm$4 ,b5jam9 "h ref]s to ! ,caliph ,el ,mo/an%$4 ,! ,caliph is aptly comp>$ to ! ,pope4 ,9 addition to 8 temporal au?ority at ,bagdad1 he ex]cis$ z ,lead] ( ! ,fai?ful--,emir al-,mum99--religi\s au?ority ov] all ,mohamm$ans f ,spa9 to ,india4 ,at a lat] "t ! vizi] arrogat$ all au?ority to himself1 & ! ,caliph sp5t 8 "t ei!r 9 ! mosque or 9 ! s]aglio4 ,footnote #abd3 ,lebre*t1 p4 #cia1 /ates t ?is 0 a sc>f ( black velvet1 g5]ally a portion ( ! hang+s ( ! mosque ( ,mecca1 :i* 0 susp5d$ f a balcony ( ! ,palace & 0 call$ ! ,sleeve ( ! ,caliph4 ,footnote #abe3 ,! /atem5ts "h made are /rangely contradictory2 see a sugge/ive article by ,dr4 ,goldzih] 9 ,z4,d4,p4,g41 #aije1 p4 #aea4 ,footnote #abf3 ,a valuable "w1 ,bagdad dur+ ! ,abbaside ,caliphate1 f ,contempor>y ,arabic & ,p]sian ,s\rces1 appe>$ 9 #aijj1 writt5 by ,mr4 ,guy ,le ,/range1 :i* helps to expla9 ,b5jam9's acc\nt ( ! ,moslem metropolis4 ,! ,caliph ,mansur 9 #gfb select$ x z ! ,capital ( ! ,empire4 ,num]\s ref]5ces 9 ! ,talmud prove t a ,jewi% settlem5t 0 !re long be=e4 ,mansur built a d\ble-wall$ ,r\nd ,city two miles 9 diamet] on ! we/]n side ( ! ,tigris4 ,x =m$ ! nucleus ( suburbs1 :i* spread ov] bo? banks ( ! ,tigris4 ,a v fair idea ( ! metropolis may be obta9$ if we imag9e ! ,r\nd ,city z situat$ on ! ,surrey side ( ! ,?ames1 hav+ ! ,elephant & ,ca/le = its c5tre4 ,at ?is spot /ood ! great ,mosque ( ,mansur1 :]e ! ,friday s]vices 7 held1 & :]e ! ,caliph took a prom95t "p 9 ! s]vice on ! ,bairam1 at ! close ( ! ,ramazan fa/4 ,! ,r\nd ,city be+ subject to p]iodical inundations1 ! gov]nm5t build+s 7 gradually transf]r$ to ! ea/]n side ( ! riv]4 ,! ,royal ,palaces1 9 ! gr\nds call$ ! ,h>im1 :i* 7 fully ?ree miles 9 ext5t1 occupi$ ! site simil> to t f ,we/m9/] to ! ,city4 ,at "o "t !re 7 z _m z tw5ty-?ree palaces )9 ! royal prec9cts4 ,! ,caliph1 :5 visit+ ! ,mosque 9 /ate1 left ! palace gr\nds1 & proce$$ ov] ! ma9 bridge1 correspond+ to ,we/m9/] ,bridge1 along a road :i* 9 ,b5jam9's "t l$ to ! ,basrah ,gate qu>t]4 ,at ! close ( ! c]emony 9 ! ,mosque1 ! ,caliph return$1 cross+ ! bridge ( boats1 & proce$$ to 8 palace by a road correspond+ to ! ,?ames ,embankm5t4 ,! memb]s ( 8 c\rt & ! nobles ent]$ b>ges & escort$ him alongside ! riv]4 ,! ,arab writ]s m5tion t c]ta9 palaces 7 us$ z /ate prisons1 9 :i* ! ,caliphs kept _! ne>] relations 9 hon\rable conf9em5t4 ,!y 7 duly att5d$ by num]\s s]vants1 & amply suppli$ ) e luxury1 b =bidd5 "u pa9 ( dea? to g beyond ! walls4 ,lebre*t1 p4 #cha1 expla9s ! circum/ances "u :i* ! ,caliph ,moktafi imprison$ 8 bro!r & sev]al ( 8 k9sm54 ,!re 7 l>ge hospitals 9 ,bagdad3 ! "o to :i* ,b5jam9 alludes is ! ,birm>i/an ( ! ,mu/ansiriyah1 9 ,we/]n ,bagdad1 :i* = ?ree c5turies 0 a great s*ool ( m$ical sci5ce4 ,its ru9s1 close to ! pres5t bridge ( boats1 are /ill to be se54 ,! read] mu/ be> 9 m9d t at ! "t :5 ,b5jam9 visit$ ,bagdad1 ! ,seljuk ,sultans _h be5 defeat$1 & ! ,caliphs /ood high] ?an ev] 9 p[]4 ,!y1 h[ev]1 took little int]e/ 9 political affairs1 :i* 7 left entirely 9 ! h&s ( _! vizi]s4 ,footnote #abg3 ,a%] & ! o!r pr9t$ editions give ! ,jewi% population at #a1jjj4 ,pe?a*ia makes ! same e/imate1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is inconsi/5t ) 8 /atem5t1 t ! ,head ( ! ,academy _h #b1jjj disciples at "o "t1 & t m ?an #ejj surr\nd$ him4 ,! ,briti% ,museum & ,casanat5se ,,mss4 solve ! difficulty2 !y h ! read+ =ty ?\s&4 ,x w\ld be we>isome to specify 9 ^! notes all ! places :]e a sup]ior read+ is pres5t$ by ^! ,,mss42 ! /ud5t w1 h[ev]1 f9d t n a few anomalies :i* confront$ ,a%] are n[ remov$4 ,footnote #abh3 ,! la/ or t5? ,academy4 ,footnote #abi3 ,?is appellation is appli$ 9 ! ,talmud to s*ol>s :o un9t]rupt$ly apply !mselves to communal "w4 ,footnote #acj3 ,! fir/ l9e ( ,exil>*s1 :i* end$ ) ,hezekiah 9 ! ye> #ajdj1 trac$ _! desc5t f ,david ?r\gh ,z]ubbabel4 ,hisdai's p$igree 0 ?r\gh ,hillel1 :o sprang f a female bran* ( ! ,royal l9e 7see ,graetz1 vol4 ,,vi1 note #aj74 ,pe?a*ia writes 7p4 #ag7 t a ye> be=e 8 arrival at ,bagdad ,daniel di$4 ,a nephew1 ,david1 became ,exil>* jo9tly ) ,r4 ,samuel1 ! ,head ( ! great ,academy1 ^: au?ority ov] all ! communities 9 ,asia became p>am\nt4 ,samuel _h an only daught]1 :o 0 le>n$ 9 ! ,scriptures & ! ,talmud4 ,%e gave in/ruction ?r\gh a w9d[1 rema9+ 9 ! h\se1 :il/ ! disciples 7 bel[1 unable to see h]4 ,footnote #aca3 ,! (fice ( ,exil>* _h b rec5tly be5 reviv$1 & ! ,mohamm$ "h ref]r$ to may h be5 ,mohamm$ ,el ,moktafi1 ! ,caliph ,mo/an%$'s pr$ecessor4 ,footnote #acb3 ,! ,alans ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages occupi$ ,georgia & ! regions ( ! ,caucasus4 ,z to ! ,iron ,gates :i* ,alex&] made1 ,yule 9 comm5t+ on ,m>co ,polo's text 7,travels ( ,s] ,m>co ,polo3 edit$ by ,sir ,h5ry ,yule1 #crd edition1 ,london1 ,john ,murray1 *ap1 iii7 says t ,b5jam9 0 ! fir/ ,european travell] to m5tion ?is pass4 ,b5jam9 & ,m>co ,polo bo? record ! g5]al belief currr5t at ! "t t ! ,pass ( ,d]b5d 0 trav]s$ by ,alex&]4 ,x is /ill call$ 9 ,turki% ,demis-,kapi or ! ,iron ,gate1 & ! ,p]sians designate x ,sadd-i-,isk&>--! ,ramp>t ( ,alex&]4 ,"l ,curzon1 h[ev]1 9 8 valuable "w ,p]sia & ! ,p]sians1 vol4 #a1 p4 #bic1 proves conclusively t ! pass ?r\gh :i* ,alex&]'s army m>*$ :5 pursu+ ,d>ius aft] ! battle ( ,arbela c\ld n h be5 at ,d]b5d4 ,arrian1 ! hi/orian ( ,alex&]'s exp$itions1 writes t ! pass 0 "o day's j\rney f ,rages 7! not$ city m5tion$ 9 ! ,book ( ,tobit7 = a man m>*+ at ! pace ( ,alex&]'s army4 ,b ,d]b5d is fully #ejj miles f ,rages4 ,9 ,"l ,curzon's op9ion1 confirm$ by ,spiegel1 ,droys5 & ,s*9dl]1 ! ,sird>a ,pass1 "s =ty miles f ,teh]an on ! way to ,me%$1 mu/ h be5 ! defile :i* ,alex&]'s army =c$4 ,i ?9k x w be f\nd t ,m>co ,polo's geography is less reliable ?an t ( ,b5jam94 ,9 ! ?ird *apt] ref]r$ to above1 ,m>co ,polo speaks ( ! ,euphrates fall+ into ! ,caspian ,sea4 ,footnote #acc3 ,probably ! ,oxus1 call$ by ! ,arabs ,gaihun4 ,rabad ,i1 a contempor>y ( ,b5jam91 speaks ( ! l& ( ,gurgan 9 8 ,sef] ,hakabalah4 ,! ,ne/orian ,*ri/ians are probably "h ref]r$ to4 ,footnote #acd3 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ?is acc\nt ) t ( ! ,in/allation ( ! ,egyptian ,nagid 7,j4,q4,r41 ,,ix1 p4 #gag74 ,footnote #ace3 ,?is is a well-kn[n sage1 ^: "n (t5 occurs 9 ! ,talmud4 ,footnote #acf3 ,! ,babel ( ,bible times 0 captur$ by ,s5na*]ib2 aft] /opp+ up a dam ( ! ,euphrates1 ! c\ntry 0 plac$ "u wat] & ! city de/roy$4 ,nebu*adnezz> re/or$ ! city2 he also erect$ a magnific5t palace = himself--! ,kasr--also ! ,temple ( ,bel4 ,h]odotus1 ,book ,i1 *aps4 #agh-hi1 fully describes ^! edifices1 & dwells ^u ! huge ext5t ( ! metropolis1 :i* 0 e/imat$ to h a circuit ( fifty miles4 ,x]xes de/roy$ ! city4 ,alex&] ! ,great contemplat$ ! re/oration ( ,bel's ,temple1 b z x w\ld h tak5 two mon?s = #aj1jjj m5 m]ely to remove ! rubbi%1 he ab&on$ ! attempt4 ,! ru9s h be5 rec5tly explor$ by ,g]mans4 ,! embankm5ts :i* regulat$ ! fl[ ( ! ,euphrates & ,tigris h giv5 way1 & at ! pres5t "t ! :ole region r\nd ,babylon is m>%y & mal>i\s4 ,9 ! words ( ,j]emiah1 li4 #dc1 ,h] cities are a desolation1 a /]ile l&1 & a wild]ness1 a place :]e9 no man dwelle?4 ,footnote #acg3 ,! ,valley ( ,dura m5tion$ 9 ,daniel iii4 is "h ref]r$ to4 ,see ,dr4 ,b]l9]'s ,beitraege zur ,geographie und ,e?nographie ,babyloni5s2 also ,lay>d's ,n9eveh & ,babylon1 p4 #dfi4 ,cf4 ,b]a*ot1 #eg b4 ,footnote #ach3 ,b]e%i? ,rabba1 *ap1 xxxviii1 says ! t[] 0 at ,borsippa1 & ! ru9s "h spok5 ( are probably ^? ( ! ,birs ,nimr\d1 fully describ$ by ,lay>d1 ,n9eveh & ,babylon1 *ap1 xxii1 p4 #dif4 ,he says3 ,! m\nd rises abruptly to ! height ( #aih feet1 & has on its summit a compact mass ( brickwork #cg feet high by #bh broad4444 ,on "o side ( x1 b5ea? ! cr[n+ masonry1 lie huge fragm5ts torn f ! pile itself4 ,! calc9$ & vitre\s surface ( ! bricks1 fus$ into rock-l masses1 %[ t _! fall may h be5 caus$ by lightn+4 ,! ru9 is r5t almo/ f top to bottom4 ,no traces :atev] n[ rema9 ( ! spiral passage spok5 ( by ! ,jewi% travell]4 ,cf4 ,pr(essor ,t4,k4 ,*eyne's article1 ,! ,t[] ( ,babel1 9 ! new ,biblical ,cyclopa$ia4 ,nebu*adnezz>1 9 8 ,borsippa inscription1 records t ! t[]1 :i* _h nev] orig9ally be5 complet$1 _h fall5 into decay1 & t ! kiln-bricks _h split4 ,^! are ! ,agur bricks m5tion$ by ,b5jam92 cf4 ,isaiah xxvii4 #i4 ,al-ajur is ! ^w /ill us$ by ! ,arabs = kiln-burnt bricks4 ,footnote #aci3 ,niebuhr1 vol4 ,,ii1 #baf1 gives a full acc\nt ( 8 visit to ! tomb4 ,lay>d1 speak+ ( ,birs ,nimr\d1 says3 ,to ! s\?-we/ 9 ! extreme di/ance rise ! palm-trees ( ,kifil1 ca/+ _! scanty %ade ov] a small dome1 ! tomb ( ,ezekiel4 ,to ?is spot occasionally flock 9 cr[ds1 z _! =efa!rs h done = c5turies1 ! ,jews ( ,bagdad1 ,hillah1 & o!r cities ( ,*aldea4444 ,x is n[ b a pla9 build+1 despoil$ ( ! ornam5ts & ,,mss4 :i* x once appe>s to h conta9$ 7,n9eveh & ,babylon1 p4 #ejj74 ,al*>izi compos$ a beautiful ode :5 visit+ ?is tomb 7*ap1 xxxv1 also *ap4 ,l74 ,footnote #adj3 ,?is ,mohamm$1 z 9 ! case ref]r$ to p4 #dj1 mu/ h be5 a pr$ecessor ( ! reign+ ,caliph1 z ! ,prophet 0 nev] 9 ,babylonia1 & 9 no case w\ld he h grant$ fav\rs to ! ,jews4 ,x %\ld be not$ t ! ,briti% ,museum ,,ms4 on :i* our text is bas$1 z well z ! ,casanat5se ,,ms41 g5]ally /yles ! ,prophet ,hebrew4 ,! ,,ms41 on :i* ! ,con/ant9ople editio pr9ceps is bas$1 _h probably all passages :]e ?is epi!t or o!r objectionable rem>ks 7 us$ excis$ by ! c5sor1 & x w be se5 t ! passage be=e u1 ) ref]5ce to ! grant ( l& by ,mohamm$1 z well z t fur!r on1 ref]r+ to ,ali1 ! son-9-law ( ,mohamm$1 d n appe> 9 any ( ! pr9t$ editions4 ,dr4 ,hirs*feld is ( op9ion t1 on ! "o h&1 ! epi!t is ! translation ( ! ,arabic majnun1 a t]m aga9/ :i* ,mohamm$ prote/$ sev]al times 9 ! ,koran1 because x means he 0 possess$ by a j9n1 l a soo?say]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ^w 0 *os5 hav+ reg>d to ,hosea ix4 #g4 ,?is 0 done long be=e ,b5jam9's "t1 by ,jafe? & o!rs4 ,footnote #ada3 ,see picture ( ! traditional tomb ( ,ezekiel 9 ! ,jewi% ,encyclopa$ia1 vol4 ,v1 p4 #cae4 ,footnote #adb3 ,! ,talmud 7,sabba?1 ,,ii a7 speaks ( ! de/ruction ( ,mata ,mehasya4 ,sura took its place z a c5tre ( le>n+4 ,footnote #adc3 ,see ,b]l9]1 pp4 #de1 #dg1 #ed1 & #eg1 = p>ticul>s d]iv$ f ! ,talmud & ,midra% z to ! sev]al c5tres ( ,jewi% le>n+ 9 ,babylonia4 ,footnote #add3 ,?is synagogue is repeat$ly m5tion$ 9 ! ,talmud4 ,zunz 7,note #bee7 omits m5tion+ ,aboda ,z>ah1 #dc b1 :]e ,ra%i expla9s t ,%afja?ib 0 a place 9 ! di/rict ( ,neh>dea1 & t ,jeconiah & 8 foll[]s br\ght ! holy e>? ?i!r1 giv+ effect to ! words ( ! ,psalmi/3 ,= ?y s]vants take pleasure 9 h] /ones1 & fav\r ! du/ !re( 7,ps4 cii4 #ad74 ,footnote #ade3 ,b5jam9 visit$ ! v>i\s seats ( le>n+ 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & ?us came aga9 to ,neh>dea1 :i* has be5 already m5tion$ on p4 #cd4 ,rab ,jehuda1 n ,rab1 is !re associat$ ) ,samuel4 ,footnote #adf3 ,a%]1 at ?is /age ( ,b5jam9's n>rative1 has ! foll[+ note3 ,= ! illu/ration ( t portion ( our text :i* treats ( ,arabia1 we ref] ! read] to ! ,rev4 ,s4,l4 ,rapoport's pap]1 ',indep5d5t ,jews ( ,arabia1' :i* w be f\nd at ! end ( ^! notes4 ,no su* acc\nt appe>$ 9 ! "w1 b 9 ! ,bikkure ,haittim = ! ye> #ahbd1 p4 #ea1 !re appe>s an int]e/+ essay 9 ,hebrew on ! subject by ,rapoport1 to :i* ! read] is ref]r$4 ,x is a matt] ( hi/ory t ! p[]ful indep5d5t ,jewi% communities :i* 7 settl$ at ,ya?rib1 aft]w>ds call$ ,m$9a1 & 9 ! volcanic highl&s ( ,kheib> & ,teima call$ ! ,h>rah1 7 cru%$ by ,mohamm$4 ,dr4 ,hirs*feld1 9 ! ,jewi% ,qu>t]ly ,review1 vol4 ,,xv1 p4 #agj1 gives u ! translation ( a lett] f\nd 9 ! ,cairo ,g5izah1 address$ by ,mohamm$ to ! p ( ,kheib> & ,maqna1 grant+ !m c]ta9 privileges f :i* ! ,jews1 :o 7 all[$ to rema9 9 _! homes1 b5efit$4 ,om>1 ! second ,caliph1 broke ! compact1 b all[$ !m to settle at ,kufa on ! ,euphrates4 ,al?\gh pilgrims pass annually up & d[n ! c>avan tracks to ,mecca1 ! in=mation respect+ ! old ,jewi% sites 9 ! ,h>rah is mo/ meagre4 ,edrisi & ,abulf$a ?r[ no light on ,b5jam9's acc\nt4 ,9 ! ye> #aijd an able "w by ,mr4 ,d4,g4 ,hog>? appe>$ "u ! title ( ,! ,p5etration ( ,arabia1 be+ a record ( ! developm5t ( ,we/]n k conc]n+ ! ,arabian ,p59sula4 ,he gives a full acc\nt ( ! ,european travell]s :o h describ$ ! c\ntry4 ,niebuhr1 :o visit$ ,yem5 9 #agfb1 repeat$ ! /atem5t made by ! ,italian travell] ,v>!ma t !re 7 /ill wild ,jews 9 ,kheib>4 ,! mission>y ,joseph ,woolf visit$ ,arabia 9 #ahcf1 & he gives u an acc\nt ( an int]view he _h ) "s ( ! ,re*abites4 ,no weight1 h[ev]1 c be atta*$ to 8 fanta/ic /ories4 ,w4,g4 ,palgrave1 :o resid$ = "s ye>s 9 ,syria z a ,jesuit1 :]e he call$ himself ,fa!r ,mi*ael 7,coh571 0 entru/$ 9 #ahfb ) a mission to ,arabia by ,napoleon ,,iii 9 connexion ) ! project$ ,suez ,canal2 he 0 "o ( ! few visitors to ! ,h>rah1 b he makes no special ref]5ce to ! ,jews4 ,joseph ,halevi made _m valuable discov]ies ( inscriptions 9 ,s\? ,arabia1 :i* he trav]s$ 9 #ahfi4 ,he visit$ ! oppress$ ,jewi% community at ,sanaa 9 ,yem52 he fur!r discov]$ traces ( ! anci5t ,m9aean k+dom1 & f\nd t ! ,jews 9 ! ,nejran 7 treat$ ) s+ul> tol]ance & ev5 fav\r2 b he 0 n able to tell u any?+ respect+ ! ,jews ( ! ,h>rah4 ,c4,m4 ,d\ghty 01 h[ev]1 m successful :5 visit+ ?is di/rict 9 #ahge4 ,( ,kheib> he says t x is n[ a poor village ^: inhabitants are a t]rible k9dr$1 ,moslems outw>dly1 b1 9 secret1 cruel ,jews t w suff] no /rang] to ent] among !m4 ,see ,c4,m4 ,d\ghty's ,arabia ,des]ta1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #abi4 ,teima is a ,nejd colony ( ,%amm>2 _! fa!rs came to settle !re n above #bjj ye>s pa/4 ,old ,teima ( ! ,jews1 accord+ to _! tradition1 _h be5 7twice7 de/roy$ by flood4 ,f ^? times !re rema9 "s great rude /one build+s4 ,x is n[ a prosp]\s op5 place 7vol4 ,i1 p4 #bhf74 ,! only writ] t ca/s any d\bt ^u ,b5jam9's record z to indep5d5t ,jewi% tribes 9 ,arabia is ,r4 ,jacob ,safir1 :o visit$ ,yem5 & o!r ,arabian ports 9 ! ,r$ ,sea 9 ! ye> #ahfd4 ,see *aps4 xv & xliii ( ,ib5 ,safir1 ,lyck1 #ahff4 ,dr4 ,l4 ,gru5hut1 9 8 introduction1 ,die ,reisebes*reibung5 des ,r4 ,b5jam9 von ,tudela1 ,j]usalem1 #aijc1 p4 #af1 refutes ,safir's /atem5ts4 ,9 ,hog>?'s "w1 p4 #bhb1 is %[n a pr9t ( ! ,teima /one1 ) its ,aramaic inscription1 consid]$ to belong to ! f\r? or fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 & on p4 #bhe w be f\nd ,d\ghty's int]e/+ sket* ( ,kheib>4 ,footnote #adg3 ,x is cle> t1 :5 speak+ ( ! population ( "s ( ^! places1 ! :ole oasis or di/rict is int5d$1 & n a p>ticul> t[n4 ,footnote #adh3 ,9 read+ ?r\gh ! =ego+ acc\nt ( ! ,jews 9 ,arabia1 x is q cle> t ,b5jam9 nev] visit$ ! c\ntry1 nor did he pret5d to h done s4 ,9 ! words ( ,mr4 ,c4,e4 ,beazley 7,! ,dawn ( ,mod]n ,geography1 p4 #beb71 ,x is no long]1 = ! mo/ "p1 a record ( p]sonal travel2 x is r an attempt to supplem5t ! fir/ "p '( ?+s se5' by a second '( ?+s he>d4' ,b ,beazley is wrong :5 he *>act]izes z wild ! acc\nt ( ! ,jews ( ,s\!rn ,arabia :o 7 ,re*abites4 ,does ,b5jam9 say s8 ,!re is no su* read+ 9 ! ,,ms4 ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! /ud5t1 x is ?\ght1 w by ?is "t h come to ! conclusion t x is ! olde/ & mo/ tru/wor?y ( our available au?orities4 ,! :ole misconception has aris5 f ! fact t ! unreliable ,,ms4 ,e & all ! pr9t$ editions h transpos$ ! lett]s ( ,hebrew3 & made ,hebrew3 ( x4 ,rapoport1 9 ! article already ref]r$ to1 seems to suspect ! faulty read+3 to ju/ify x1 he connects ! m5 ( ,kheib> ) ! ,re*abites & ! sons ( ,heb] ! ,k5ite1 bas+ 8 argum5t ^u ,j]4 xxxv1 ,judges i4 #af1 ,i ,sam4 xxvii4 #aj1 & ,i ,*ron4 ii4 #ee4 ,nei!r ,zunz nor ,a%] makes any comm5ts ^u ?is *apt] ( ! it9]>y4 ,graetz gives an ab/ract ( ,b5jam9's acc\nt2 he1 z well z all o!r writ]s1 is unable to id5tify ,tilmas1 b is ( op9ion t ,tanai mu/ be ,sanaa1 ! capital ( ,yem51 :i*1 h[ev]1 is tw5ty-five days' j\rney beyond ,kheib>4 ,x is well kn[n t ,yem5 has1 s9ce ,bible times1 h>b\r$ a ,jewi% population1 :o--not)/&+ all oppression1 int5sifi$ "u ,turki% rule--inhabit _m ( its t[ns & villages to ! pres5t day4 ,x is comp>atively accessible1 ow+ to its proximity to ! sea4 ,we mu/ *]i% ! hope t ,great ,brita91 n[ t x claims ! ,h9t]l& ( ,ad51 w ext5d its protection to ! ,jews4 ,! volcanic highl&s 7,h>rah7 ( ,kheib> 7 always inaccessible1 ow+ to _! be+ surr\nd$ by wat]less des]ts & fanatic ,b$\9 tribes4 ,r4 ,abraham ,f>issol1 :o fl\ri%$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 writes t !re 0 a l>ge numb] ( ,jews 9 ! di/rict1 :o liv$ 9 t5ts & 9 wood5 h\ses or huts4 ,8 contempor>y1 ,david ,reub5i1 :o cross$ f ,arabia to ,abyss9ia & came to ,europe 9 #aebd1 pret5d$ to be bro!r ( ,joseph1 k+ ( ! tribes ( ,reub51 ,gad1 & half-,manasseh 9 ! des]t ( ,*abor 7,kheib>74 ,b5jam9 takes c>e to qualify 8 /atem5t z to ! orig9 ( ! ,jews ( ,kheib> by add+ ,hebrew3 p say !y belong to ! tribes ( ,reub51 ,gad1 & ! half-tribe ( ,manasseh1 :om ,salmaness]1 ,k+ ( ,assyria1 l$ hi!r into captivity4 ,i w\ld "h m5tion an int]e/+ "w ( ,dr4 ,r4 ,dozy1 ,pr(essor ( ,hi/ory & ,ori5tal ,languages at ,leyd51 ,die ,israelit5 9 ,mecca1 #ahfd4 ,by a s]ies ( +5i\s inf]5ces f ,bible texts 7#a ,sam4 xxx1 #a ,*ron4 iv4 #bd-dc1 c47 he essays to e/abli% t ! tribe ( ,simeon1 aft] ,david _h disp]s$ ! ,amalekites :o _h already be5 weak5$ by ,saul1 ent]$ ,arabia & settl$ all along 9 ! l& ( ! ,m9aeans & at ,mecca1 :]e !y e/abli%$ ! wor%ip at ! ,kaaba & introduc$ practices :i* h n be5 altoge!r ab&on$ up to ! pres5t day4 ,dr4 ,dozy fur!r cont5ds t aft] ,hezekiah's reign num]\s ,jewi% exiles came to ,arabia4 ,hommel1 9 two articles 9 ,ers* & ,grub]'s ,encyclopa$ia1 "u ,b$\9s & ,anzah1 gives full p>ticul>s respect+ ! ,anizeh1 o!rwise ,anaessi1 tribe--t !y 7 9 ! habit ( jo9+ ! ,wahabees & o!r ,b$\9 tribes 9 attack+ c>avans & levy+ blackmail4 ,! ,turki% ,pa%a at ,damascus _h to pay annually passage-money to ensure ! safety ( ! pilgrims to ,mecca4 ,on "o occasion two ( ! ,b$\9 %eiks 7 decoy$ by ! ,turks & kill$2 b ! ,anaessi1 aid$ by o!r tribes to ! numb] ( #hj1jjj1 took ample rev5ge by pillag+ ! ,mecca c>avan on its return4 ,!y seiz$ a quantity ( pe>ls1 & ! wom5 7 said to h attempt$ boil+ !m ) ! rice4 ,seetz5 7,j\rney ?r\gh ,syria1 c41 ,i1 *4 i1 p4 #cef7 says1 ,9 ,kheib> are no ,jews n[1 only ,anaessi4 ,lay>d & o!r mod]n writ]s (t5 ref] to ! ,anizeh ,b$\9s4 ,travell]s g 9 dread ( !m 9 ! ,syrian des]t & all along ! ,euphrates4 ,d\ghty m5tions t !y1 m ?an any o!r tribe1 resemble ! ,jews bo? 9 appe>ance & disposition4 ,ritt] 7,geographie1 vol4 ,,xii71 9 quot+ ,niebuhr1 makes m5tion ( ! widespread ,anizeh tribe ( ,b$\9s :o 7 anci5tly kn[n to be ,jews4 ,he fur!r /ates t ! ,jews ( ,damascus & ,aleppo %un !m z !y are non-obs]vant ,jews1 consid]$ by "s to be ,k>aites4 ,does all ?is give gr\nd = any presumption t !y are or 7 crypto-,jews1 ! desc5dants ( ! =m] ,kheib> ,jews1 possibly also ( ^? :om ,om> all[$ to settle at ,kufa8 ,?is l5g?y note may be clos$ fitly ) ! foll[+ my/]i\s rem>k 9 ,d\ghty's usual qua9t /yle 7vol4 ,i1 p4 #abg71 9 connexion ) ! murd] ( a ,bagdad ,jew :o tri$ to rea* ,kheib>3 ,b let none any m jeop>dy 8 life = ,kheib>6 ,i w\ld t ^! leaves might save ! blood ( "s3 & ,god give me ?is rew>d ( my lab\r6 = :o w1 he may read 9 !m all ! tale ( ,kheib>4 ,footnote #adi3 ,x w be se5 fur!r on 7p4 #fg7 t ,b5jam9 speaks ( ,ad5 z be+ 9 ,india1 :i* is on ! ma9l&4 ,x is well kn[n t ,abyss9ia & ,arabia 7 9 ! ,middle ,ages spok5 ( z ,middle ,india4 ,x has be5 asc]ta9$ t 9 anci5t times ! ,arabs ext5sively coloniz$ ! we/]n sea-coa/ ( ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,cf4 ! article ,arabia1 9 ! n9? edition ( ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica & ,supplem5t4 ,footnote #aej3 ,! ,casanat5se ,,ms4 "h int]polates3 ,!nce x takes sev5 days to ,lusis1 :]e !re are #b1jjj ,israelites4 ,a%] sub/itutes = ,lusis ,wasit1 a place ne> ! ,tigris4 ,i am unable to id5tify ! riv] ,virae1 & ! words :i* is 9 ! l& ( ,al ,yem5 are evid5tly out ( place4 ,footnote #aea3 ,see ,dr4 ,h>twig ,hirs*feld's acc\nt ( a ,fragm5t ( a ,"w by ,judah ,al-h>izi1 be+ a description ( a pilgrimage ?r\gh ,mesopotamia ) a view to visit ,ezra's grave4 ,! ,arab geograph] ,yakut locates ! grave 9 ! village ,maisan on ! riv] ,sam>a ne> ! place :]e ! ,euphrates & ,tigris unite 7,j4 ,q4,r41 vol4 ,,xv1 #fhc74 ,lay>d writes z foll[s3--,we /opp$ at ! s-call$ tomb ( ! prophet ,ezra1 ab\t tw5ty-five miles f ! junction ( ! ,tigris & ,euphrates1 at ,korna4 ,! build+1 :i* is ( a comp>atively mod]n date1 consi/$ ( two *amb]s1 an out] "o :i* 0 empty1 & an inn] "o conta9+ ! tomb built ( bricks1 cov]$ ) :ite /ucco & enclos$ 9 a wood5 case1 ov] :i* 0 ?r[n a l>ge blue clo? fr+$ ) yell[ tassels ) ! "n ( ! donor embroid]$ on x 9 ,hebrew *>act]s4 ,no trace ( ei!r ! l>ge synagogue or ( ! mosque m5tion$ by ,b5jam9 n[ exi/s1 & x may be d\bt$ :e!r ! pres5t build+ cov]s ! tomb :i* 0 se5 by ! ,hebrew travell]4 ,we c\ld f9d no anci5t rema9s ne> x1 z ! ,tigris is con/antly *ang+ its c\rse1 & 0 /ill eat+ away ! bank ( alluvial soil1 ^u ! edge ( :i* ! build+ /ood4 ,x is highly probable t ! tomb se5 by ,b5jam9 ( ,tudela _h long be=e be5 c>ri$ away by ! riv]4 ,lay>d's ,e>ly ,adv5tures 9 ,p]sia1 ,susiana1 & ,babylonia1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bad4 ,see also an elaborate note ( ,dr4 ,b5is*1 p4 #ia ( 8 edition ( ,pe?a*ia's ,travels1 & ,i4,j4 ,b5jam9 ,,ii1 ,eight ,ye>s 9 ,asia & ,africa1 p4 #afg4 ,footnote #aeb3 ,z = ! riv] ,gozan see p4 #cc1 n4 #c1 & p4 #eh1 n4 #d4 ,! m\nta9s ( ,*afton1 ref]r$ to also 9 pp4 #ed1 #ee1 w\ld seem to include n only ! ,zagros range1 b also ! highl&s ( ,kurdi/an4 ,footnote #aec3 ,m>co ,polo1 book ,,ii1 *ap1 xlv1 says ( ,tibet3 ,9 ?is c\ntry !re are _m ( ! animals t produce musk4 ,! ,t>t>s h great numb]s ( l>ge & f9e dogs :i* are ( great s]vice 9 cat*+ ! musk-bea/s1 & s !y procure a great abundance ( musk4 ,footnote #aed3 ,! reput$ sepul*re ( ,daniel is situat$ betwe5 ,s*u/] & ,dizful 9 ,p]sia1 close by ! riv] ,%a\r1 an afflu5t ( ! ,k>un riv]1 :i* is suppos$ to be ! ,ulai ( ! ,bible1 ,dan4 viii4 #b4 ,x is )9 sight ( ! va/ m\nd :i* d5otes ! site ( ,susa1 ! anci5t ,%u%an4 ,"h ,mme4 ,dieulafoy 9 #ahha made ext5sive excavations ( ! palace ( ! ,p]sian k+s1 _m relics ( :i* are n[ on view at ! ,l\vre 9 ,p>is4 ,! tomb ( ,daniel has be5 fully describ$ by ,lay>d--see ,e>ly ,adv5tures1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bie4 ,x is ( comp>atively rec5t date1 n unlike ! %r9es ( ,mussulman sa9ts1 & is surm\nt$ by a high conical dome ( irregul> brickwork1 some:at resembl+ 9 %ape a p9e cone4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to ! beautiful pictorial illu/rations ( ,daniel's reput$ tomb1 ( ! ru9s ( ,susa1 & ( ,s*u/] & its bridges 9 ,mme4 ,dieulafoy's ,la ,p]se1 la ,*aldee et la ,susiane1 ,p>is1 #ahhg4 ,!re is no?+ to connect ! build+ on ! banks ( ! ,%a\r ) ! tomb ( ,daniel save ! ,mussulman tradition4 ,!re are _m leg5ds connect$ ) ! reput$ sepul*re1 "o ( :i* is to ! effect t ! m5 ( ,susa div]t$ ! riv] 9 ord] to bury ,daniel's c(f9 9 its b$4 ,see ,guy ,le ,/range1 p4 #bdj4 ,e4,n4 ,adl]1 9 8 rec5t "w ,jews 9 _m ,l&s1 ,jewi% ,hi/orical ,society ( ,engl&1 p4 #bbd1 9 describ+ ,sam>k&1 writes z foll[s3 ,tradition has x t ,tam]lane _h se5 ! tomb at ,susa 9 ,p]sia1 ) a w>n+ inscrib$ !reon1 t none %\ld op5 its door2 & s he broke x op5 f beh9d1 & f\nd x writt5 t ,nebi ,daniel 0 !re buri$4 ,! impetu\s conqu]or _h ! s>cophagus remov$ ) all rev]5ce1 & c>ri$ x ) him to 8 own capital to be its palladium4 ,! s>cophagus is ov] tw5ty y>ds long z beseems a prophet's /ature4 ,x has be5 rec5tly cov]$ by a brick *apel ) ?ree cupolas1 b photographs ( ! anci5t /ructure c be _h 9 ,sam>k&4 ,x is gr&ly plac$ at ! edge ( a cliff ov]hang+ ! rapid riv] ,seop4 ,! local ,jews d n believe ! /ory1 nor d !y q disbelieve x1 = ,i w5t ) two :o pray$ !re at ! grave ( ! righte\s4 ,footnote #aee3 ,! read] w recollect t ref]5ce to ?is sect has already be5 made on page #af4 ,see ,guy ,le ,/range1 p4 #bbj & p4 #ced4 ,footnote #aef3 ,amadia 7,imadiyah7 is a city 9 ,kurdi/an 9 a m\nta9\s di/rict1 nor? ( ,mosul4 ,b5 ,virga & ,r4 ,joseph ,hacoh51 ! au?or ( ,emek ,haba*a1 /ate t #a1jjj ,jewi% families liv$ 9 ! city at t "t4 ,x is /range t 9 all ! ,,mss41 includ+ ,a%]'s text1 ?is city is call$ ,am>ia in/ead ( ,amadia4 ,! mi/ake d\btless arose f ! fact t ! copyi/s mi/ook ! ,hebrew lett] 're%' = a ,hebrew lett] 'dale?'4 ,! scribe ( ! ,briti% ,museum ,,ms4 _h made o!r errors ( ?is k9d1 writ+ ,hebrew3 = ,hebrew31 ,hebrew3 = ,hebrew31 c4 ,see ,guy ,le ,/range1 p4 #ib4 ,footnote #aeg3 ,! au?or ( ,emek ,haba*a gives ! date ( ! ,alroy trag$y z #aafc4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be ant$at$ by a few ye>s4 ,b5jam9 mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh ,egypt on 8 return j\rney "s "t be=e ,sept41 #aaga4 ,see note #b1 p4 #a4 ,he "h tells u t ! ,alroy cata/rophe took place j t5 ye>s be=e 8 visit to ,bagdad & ! neighb\rhood4 ,x is cle> !re=e t #aafj is ! late/ date :5 ?is ev5t c\ld h tak5 place4 ,footnote #aeh3 ,?is ,turkoman may h be5 ! ,pr9ce ( ,arbela :o 9 #aafg jo9$ ,salad9 9 8 successful invasion ( ,egypt4 ,he 0 rem>kable = 8 great /r5g? & c\rage 7see ,bohad9's ,life ( ,salad91 ,pale/9e ,pilgrims' ,text ,society1 p4 #ea74 ,footnote #aei3 ,! acc\nts giv5 by ,b5 ,virga 9 ,%]et ,jehudah1 & by ,joseph ,hacoh5 9 ,emek ,haba*a1 are evid5tly bas$ ^u ,b5jam9's record1 & ?r[ no fre% light on ?is ,messianic movem5t4 ,a%]1 vol4 ,,ii1 note #cjj1 promises b fails to give ! cont5ts ( an ,arabic docum5t writt5 by a contempor>y1 ! r5egade ,samuel ,ibn ,abbas1 :i* ! savant ,s4 ,munk _h discov]$ 9 ! ,p>is libr>y2 a ,g]man translation ( ?is docum5t appe>s 9 ,dr4 ,wi5]'s ,emek ,haba*a1 #aheh1 p4 #afi4 ,! "n ( ! pseudo-,messiah is giv5 z ,m5ahem1 surnam$ ,al-,ruhi1 b ,munk satisfactorily proves t he is id5tical ) our ,david ,alroy4 ,be+ a "y man ( engag+ appe>ance & great accompli%m5ts1 he ga9$ consid]able influ5ce ) ! gov]nor ( ,amadia1 & _h a consid]able foll[+ among ! ,jews ( ,p]sia4 ,) ! int5tion ( occupy+ ! ca/le1 he introduc$ a numb] ( 8 arm$ adh]5ts into ! t[n1 :o 7 c>eful1 h[ev]1 to conceal _! weapons4 ,! gov]nor detect$ ! conspiracy1 & put ,alroy to dea?4 ,! excitem5t among ! ,jews la/$ = a consid]able "t4 ,two impo/ors1 ) lett]s purport+ to emanate f ,alroy1 came to ,bagdad1 & work$ ^u ! cr$ulity ( ! community4 ,m5 & wom5 p>t$ ) _! money & jewell]y1 hav+ be5 br\ght to believe t on a c]ta9 night !y w\ld be able to fly on angels' w+s f ! ro(s ( _! h\ses to ,j]usalem4 ,! only ?+ :i* made ! wom5 feel unhappy 0 ! fe> t _! little ones might n be able to keep pace ) !m 9 ! a]ial flight4 ,at daybreak ! fraud 0 discov]$1 b ! impo/ors _h mean:ile decamp$ ) _! treasure4 ,! *ronicl] adds t ! ye> 9 :i* ?is occurr$ 0 call$ ,! ,ye> ( ,flight4 ,de ,sacy1 9 8 ,*re/oma?ie ,arabe1 ,i1 p4 #cfc1 gives a simil> /ory1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* he ascribes to ,s*ahri/ani4 ,footnote #afj3 ,a%]1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #afg1 n4 #cjd1 gives expression to a ke5 desire = fur!r p>ticul>s z to ?is tomb4 ,dr4 ,j4,e4 ,polak1 =m]ly ,physician to ! late ,%ah ( ,p]sia1 gives ! desir$ in=mation1 on p4 #bf1 9 an int]e/+ "w on ,p]sia4 ,he writes z foll[s3 ,! only national monum5t :i* ! ,jews 9 ,p]sia possess is ! tomb ( ,e/h] at ,hamadan1 ! anci5t ,ecbatana1 :i!r !y h made pilgrimages f "t immemorial4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! ,jewi% qu>t] !re is to be se5 a l[ build+ ) a cupola1 on ! top ( :i* a /ork has built its ne/4 ,! entrance is wall$ up = ! great] "p2 !re only rema9s bel[ a small ap]ture :i* c be clos$ by a movable flat /one s]v+ ! purpose ( a door & af=d+ "s protection f attacks1 :i* are n uncommon4 ,9 ! entrance hall1 :i* has b a l[ ceil+1 are record$ ! names ( pilgrims2 also ! ye> :5 ! build+ 0 re/or$4 ,!nce "o ga9s access into a small f\r-corn]$ *amb] 9 :i* !re are two high s>cophagi made ( oak1 :i* are ! monum5ts ( ,e/h] & ,mordecai4 ,on bo? ( !m are inscrib$ 9 ,hebrew ! words ( ! la/ *apt] ( ! ,book ( ,e/h]1 z well z ! names ( ?ree ,physicians at ^: exp5se ! tomb 0 repair$4 ,dr4 ,polak /ates t 9 ! ,middle ,ages ! ,jewi% population ( ,p]sia 0 v l>ge1 especially 9 ! s\!rn prov9ces4 ,9 rec5t ye>s x has greatly dim9i%$ 9 consequ5ce ( dire p]secution4 ,he 0 assur$ t n m ?an #b1jjj ,jewi% families rema9$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,eighty ye>s ago ! entire community at ,me%$ 7 =cibly conv]t$ to ,islam4 ,cf4 ,e4,n4 ,adl]1 ,jews 9 ,_m ,l&s1 p4 #bad4 ,footnote #afa3 ,ref]r+ to ,b5jam9's /atem5t t ,mordecai & ,e/h] are buri$ at ,hamadan1 an int]e/+ article by ,mr4 ,israel ,abrahams ^u ! subject1 ) an illu/ration ( ! traditional tomb1 z well z a picture ( anci5t ,susa1 w be f\nd 9 ! ,jewi% ,*ronicle ( ,m>* #ai1 #ahig4 ,9 ! issue ( ,m>* #d1 #ahih1 ,mr4 ,morris ,coh51 ( ,bagdad1 furni%$ a full copy ( ! inscriptions 9 ! ,mausoleum1 b !y possess no hi/orical value4 ,! reput$ ,pray] ( ,e/h] se5 !re by =m] travell]s is no long] extant4 ,! /atem5t ( ,e4 ,jehiel ,heilpr91 9 ! ,s$] ,hadoro?1 t ,mordecai & ,e/h] are buri$ at ,%omron is devoid ( f\ndation1 & may h aris5 ?r\gh read+ "h ,hebrew3 = ,hebrew34 ,= in=mation d]iv$ f ! works ( m$iaeval ,arab writ]s respect+ ,p]sia & ! adjac5t c\ntries ! read] %\ld consult ,mr4 ,guy ,le ,/range's book1 ,! ,l&s ( ! ,ea/]n ,caliphate4 ,! maps w be f\nd mo/ useful4 ,footnote #afb3 ,! ,briti% ,museum v]sion omits ?is passage4 ,an inspection ( ! map w %[ t ,tab>i/an lies a long di/ance to ! nor? ( ! trade r\te :i* leads f ,hamadan to ,ispahan4 ,footnote #afc3 ,! great ext5t ( ,ispahan is acc\nt$ = by ! fact t x consi/$ ( two t[ns2 ! "o call$ ,jay1 measur$ half a league across2 ! o!r1 ,al ,yahudiyah1 ! ,jew ,t[n two miles to ! we/w>d1 0 d\ble ! size ( ,jay4 ,mukadassi /ates t ! city _h be5 orig9ally f\nd$ by ! ,jews 9 ! "t ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 because its climate resembl$ t ( ,j]usalem4 ,le ,/range1 p4 #bjc4 ,footnote #afd3 ,"l ,curzon1 9 8 "w on ,p]sia1 devotes *ap4 xix 9 vol4 ,,ii to a description ( ! ,city ( ,ispahan1 & ( 8 j\rney !re4 ,*ap4 xx conta9s an acc\nt ( 8 j\rney f ,ispahan to ,%iraz4 ,! di/ance betwe5 ! two cities is #ha p>asangs1 equival5t to #cab miles4 ,x w be se5 t "h1 z well z 9 ! cases ( ,ghaznah1 ,sam>k&1 & ,tibet1 ,b5jam9 altoge!r "u-e/imates ! true di/ances4 ,footnote #afe3 ,a%]1 foll[+ ! pr9t$ editions1 quotes ! ,jewi% population ( ?is place z #h1jjj1 & assumes1 )\t any ju/ification1 t ,khiva is "h ref]r$ to4 ,he also sub/itutes ,oxus = ,gozan4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! ,oxus 0 kn[n "u ! "n ( ,jayhun or ,gihon 7,g54 ii4 #ac74 ,! "n ( ! city accord+ to our text is ,ghaznah1 :i* eight hundr$ ye>s ago 0 ! capital ( ,afghani/an4 ,ibn ,batuta says x 0 t5 /ages f ,k&ah> on ! way to ,h]at4 ,le ,/range 7p4 #cdh7 writes z foll[s3 ,ghaznah became fam\s 9 hi/ory at ! beg9n+ ( ! elev5? c5tury z ! capital ( ! great ,mahmud ( ,ghaznah1 :o at "o "t 0 ma/] bo? ( ,india on ! ea/ & ,bagdad on ! we/4 ,i/akhri says3 ,no city ( ?is c\ntryside 0 ri*] 9 m]*ants & m]*&ise1 = x 0 z ! port ( ,india4 ,! riv] ,gozan1 on :i* we are told ,ghaznah lies1 mu/ appe> to ! read] to be ubiquit\s4 ,on p4 #cc we f9d ! ,habor ( ,kurdi/an is its afflu5t2 on p4 #ee x is at ,dab>i/an2 on p4 #ei 9 ,khorasan4 ,!re is a simple solution ( ! difficulty4 ,9 ea* ( ! localities ,b5jam9 0 told t ! riv] 0 call$ ,gozan2 = 9 ! ,mongolian language ,usun is ! "n = wat] or riv]4 ,?us ,kisil-,usun means ,r$ ,riv]4 ,! addition ( a g be=e a u or w is q a common feature 9 language2 x occurs1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,romance & ,keltic languages4 ,footnote #aff3 ,! ,briti% ,museum text has3 ,& he put !m 9 ,halah & 9 ,habor & ! m\nta9s ( ,gozan & ! m\nta9s ( ! ,m$es4 ,hav+ reg>d to ! passages #b ,k+s xix4 #ab & ,isaiah xxxvii4 #ab1 ,noeldeke ma9ta9s t !re 0 a tract ( l& wat]$ by ! riv] ,gozan1 kn[n z ,gozanitis1 :i* ,scripture ref]s to4 ,see ,j4 ,q4,r41 vol4 ,i1 p4 #ahf4 ,naisabur is a city ne> ,me%$1 & close to high m\nta9s :i* are a cont9uation ( ! ,elburz m\nta9 range4 ,we draw att5tion to ! cauti\s mann] 9 :i* ,b5jam9 speaks "h & else:]e :5 allud+ to ! :]eab\ts ( any ( ! t5 tribes4 ,! tradition is widespread t indep5d5t ,jewi% tribes 7 to be f\nd 9 ,khorasan until rec5t times4 ,mr4 ,e4,n4 ,adl] 0 told t 9 an ,arm5ian mona/]y ne> ,kutais1 anci5t records are pres]v$ :i* conclusively prove t ! ,jews 7 p>am\nt 9 c]ta9 di/ricts ?ree or f\r c5turies ago2 ,jews 9 _m ,l&s1 p4 #agh4 ,cf4 ,wo wa]5 die zehn ,/aemme ,israels zu su*58 ,dr4 ,m4 ,lew91 ,frank=t1 #aija4 ,footnote #afg3 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ,cu% 9 anci5t ,jewi% lit]ature does n always signify ,e?iopia1 b also d5otes p>ts ( ,arabia1 especially ^? ne>e/ to ,abyss9ia4 ,! "n ,cu% is also appli$ to c\ntries ea/ ( ! ,tigris1 see p4 #fc4 ,footnote #afh3 ,rayy is ! anci5t city ( ,rages1 spok5 ( 9 ! ,book ( ,tobit i4 #ad4 ,! ru9s are 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,teh]an4 ,footnote #afi3 ,! incid5ts "h relat$ are fully gone into by ,dr4 ,neubau] 9 ! ?ird ( 8 valuable articles ,:]e are ! t5 tribes8 7,j4 ,q4,r41 vol4 ,i1 p4 #ahe74 ,!re c be little d\bt t ! ,k(>-al-,turak1 a p belong+ to ! ,t>t> /ock1 are id5tical ) ! s-call$ subjects ( ,pre/] ,john1 ( :om s mu* 0 he>d 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,!y defeat$ ,s9j> 9 ! ye> #aada2 ?is 01 h[ev]1 m ?an fifte5 ye>s prior to ,b5jam9's visit4 ,to judge f ! above passage1 :]e ! allies ( ! ,jews are describ$ z infidels1 ! sons ( ,ghuz ( ! ,k(>-al-,turak1 ,b5jam9 seems to conf\nd ! ,ghuzes ) ! ,t>t> hordes4 ,n[ ! ,ghuzes belong$ to ! ,seldjuk clans :o _h become ,mohamm$ans m ?an #ajj ye>s be=e1 &1 z su*1 ,b5jam9 w\ld nev] h /yl$ !m infidels4 ,^! ,ghuzes wag$ w> ) ,s9j> 9 #aaec1 :5 he 0 signally defeat$1 & ev5tually made prison]4 ,x is to ?is battle t ,b5jam9 mu/ h made ref]5ce1 :5 he writes t x took place fifte5 ye>s ago4 ,see ,dr4 ,a4 ,muell]'s ,islam1 also ,dr4 ,g4 ,opp]t's ,presbyt] ,johannes 9 ,sage und ,ges*i*te1 #ahfd4 ,footnote #agj3 ,x w be not$ t ,b5jam9 uses "h ! t]ms ,hebrew3 evid5tly imply+ t he himself did n g to sea4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! isl& ( ,ki% or ,kis 0 an important /ation on ! trade r\te f ,india to ,europe4 ,le ,/range writes1 p4 #beg1 t 9 ! c\rse ( ! twelf? c5tury x became ! trade c5tre ( ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,a great wall$ city 0 built 9 ! isl&1 :]e wat]-tanks _h be5 con/ruct$1 & on ! neighb\r+ sea-banks 0 ! fam\s pe>l-fi%]y4 ,%ips f ,india & ,arabia cr[d$ ! port4 ,ki% 0 aft]w>ds supplant$ by ,ormuz & ,b&>-,abbas2 ,engl& held possession ( ! isl& f #ahbj to #ahgi1 & x has rec5tly be5 visit$ (ficially by ,"l ,curzon4 ,= a description ( ! isl& see ,! ,times1 ,jan4 #ah1 #aijd4 ,footnote #aga3 ,katifa or ,el-,katif lies on ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 on ! ,ea/ coa/ ( ,arabia1 ne> ,bahre94 ,bo*>t is ( op9ion t ?is "p ( ,arabia is ! l& ( ,havilah1 :]e1 accord+ to ,g54 ii4 #aa & #ab1 !re is gold1 bdellium1 & ! onyx /one4 ,jewi% au?orities are divid$ 9 op9ion z to :e!r ,hebrew is a jewel1 or ! fragrant gum exud$ by a species ( balsam-tree4 ,b5jam9 foll[s ,saadia ,gaon1 :o 9 8 ,arabic translation ( ! ,bible r5d]s x ,hebrew1 ! v ^w us$ by our au?or "h = pe>ls4 ,masudi is "o ( ! e>lie/ ,arabic writ]s :o gives u a description ( ! pe>l-fi%]ies 9 ! ,p]sian ,gulf1 & x v mu* accords ) ,b5jam9's acc\nt4 ,see ,spr5g]'s translation ( ,masudi's ,mead[s ( ,gold1 p4 #cdd4 ,at ! pres5t "t m ?an #e1jjj boats are engag$ 9 ?is indu/ry along ?is coa/1 & x yields an annual income ( ,l#a1jjj1jjj4 ,see ,p4,m4 ,sykes1 ,t5 ,?\s& ,miles 9 ,p]sia1 #aijb4 ,footnote #agb3 ,khulam1 n[ call$ ,quilon1 0 a mu* frequ5t$ seaport 9 ! e>ly ,middle ,ages :]e ,*9ese %ipp]s met ! ,arab trad]s4 ,x aft]w>ds decl9$ 9 importance1 be+ supplant$ by ,calicut1 ,goa1 & ev5tually by ,bombay4 ,x 0 situat$ at ! s\!rn end ( ! coa/ ( ,malab>4 ,r5audot 9 a translation ( ,! ,travels ( ,two ,mohamm$an ,trad]s1 :o wrote z f> back z #hea & #iae respectively1 has giv5 u "s acc\nt ( ?is place2 ,ibn ,batuta & ,m>co ,polo give u int]e/+ details4 ,ritt]1 9 ! fif? volume ( 8 ,geography1 dilates on ! cultivation ( ! pepp]-plant1 :i* is ( indig5\s gr[?4 ,9 ,b5jam9's "t x 0 ?\ght t :ite pepp] 0 a di/9ct species1 b ,ritt] expla9s t x 0 prep>$ f ! black pepp]1 :i*1 aft] ly+ f eight to t5 days 9 runn+ wat]1 w\ld submit ( be+ /ripp$ ( its black out] cov]+4 ,ritt] devotes a *apt] to ! fire-wor%ip ( ! ,gueb]s1 :o1 z ,p>sees1 =m an important elem5t at ! pres5t day 9 ! population ( ! ,bombay ,presid5cy4 ,ano!r *apt] is devot$ to ! ,jewi% settlem5t to :i* ,b5jam9 ref]s4 ,see ,die ju$is*5 ,coloni5 9 ,indi51 ,dr4 ,gu/av ,opp]t2 also ,semitic ,/udies1 7,b]l91#ahig71 pp4 #cif-dai4 ,"u ! head+ ( ,co*91 ! ,jewi% ,encyclopa$ia gives an acc\nt ( ! ,:ite & ,black ,jews ( ,malab>4 ,by way ( supplem5t+ ! ,article1 x may be well to ref] to a ,,ms41 ,no4 #dbch ( ! ,m]zba*] ,libr>y =m]ly at ,muni*4 ,x is a docum5t drawn up 9 reply to elev5 que/ions address$ by ,tobias ,boas on ! #ab ,ellul #eebg 7 #agfg7 to ,r4 ,je*es ,kel ,ra*bi ( ,malab>4 ,f ?is ,,ms4 x appe>s t #aj1jjj exil$ ,jews rea*$ ,malab> ,a4,c4 #fh 7i4 e4 ab\t ! "t ( ! de/ruction ( ! ,second ,temple7 & settl$ at ,cranganor1 ,ds*alor1 ,madri & ,plota4 ,an extract ( ?is ,,ms4 is giv5 9 ,w9t] & ,wu5s*e's ,ju$is*e ,lit]atur1 vol ,,iii1 p4 #dei4 ,cf4 article on ! ,b5i-,israel ( ,india by ,samuel ,b4 ,samuel1 ,! ,jewi% ,lit]>y ,annual1 #aije4 ,footnote #agc3 ,! ,briti% ,museum text has ,ibrig1 & ! ,casanat5se has ,ibriag3 nei!r c be id5tifi$4 ,! pr9t$ editions h ,hebrew3 ! isl&s ( ,c&ig1 :i* ,a%] ?9ks may be tak5 to ref] to ,ceylon1 hav+ reg>d to ! "n ( ! capital1 ,k&y4 ,x 0 n ! capital 9 ,b5jam9's "t4 ,! difficulty /ill rema9s t x does n take tw5ty-?ree days1 b ab\t f\r days1 to rea* ,ceylon f ,quilon4 ,r5audot /ates t 9 ! t5? c5tury a multitude ( ,jews resid$ 9 ! isl&1 & t !y took "p 9 ! municipal gov]nm5t z well z o!r sects1 z ! ,k+ grant$ ! utmo/ religi\s lib]ty4 ,see ,p9k]ton's ,travels1 vol4 ,,vii1 p4 #bag4 ,a full description is also giv5 ( ! c]emonial :5 any notability proce$s to immolate himself by committ+ himself to ! flames4 ,footnote #agd3 ,b5jam9's /atem5ts z to ,india & ,*9a are ( c\rse v vague1 b we mu/ rememb] he 0 ! fir/ ,european :o z mu* z m5tions ,*9a4 ,hav+ reg>d to ! full descriptions ( o!r c\ntries ( ! old ,_w by ,arabic writ]s ( ! ,middle ,ages1 & to ! fact t ! trade r\te !n 0 pr9cipally by sea on ! r\te indicat$ by ,b5jam91 x is surpris+ t we h comp>atively little in=mation ab\t ,india & ,*9a f ,arabic s\rces4 ,9 none ( _! records is ! ,sea ( ,nikpa nam$1 & x is n improbable t ,b5jam9 co9$ ?is "n himself f ! root ,hebrew3 :i* occurs 9 ! ,bible f\r times2 9 ! ,song ( ,moses 7,exod4 xv4 #h73 ,hebrew3 ,! dep?s 7 curdl$ 9 ! he>t ( ! sea 7n congeal$ z ! ,v]sion has x71 ,job x4 #aj3 ,hebrew3 curdl$ me l *eese2 & 9 ,zeph4 i4 #ab & ,ze*4 xiv4 #f4 ,! t]m ! curdl+ sea w\ld be v expressive ( ! tempe/u\s nature ( ! ,*9a ,sea & ( "s ( its /raits at c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye>4 ,footnote #age3 ,m>co ,polo has mu* to say ab\t ! bird gryphon :5 speak+ ( ! sea-curr5ts :i* drive %ips f ,malab> to ,madagasc>4 ,he says1 vol4 ,,ii1 book ,,iii1 *ap4 #cc3 ,x is = all ! _w l an eagle1 b "o inde$ ( enorm\s size4 ,x is s /rong t x w seize an elephant 9 its talons & c>ry him high into ! air & drop him s t he is sma%$ to pieces2 hav+ s kill$ him1 ! gryphon swoops d[n on him & eats him at leisure4 ,! p ( ^? isles call ! bird ',rukh4' ,yule has an int]e/+ note 7vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cdh7 %[+ h[ old & widespread ! fable ( ! ,rukh 01 & is ( op9ion t ! reason t ! leg5d 0 localiz$ 9 ! direction ( ,madagasc> 0 p]haps t "s rema9s ( ! great fossil ,aepyornis & its colossal eggs 7 f\nd 9 t isl&4 ,pr(essor ,sayce /ates t ! ,rukh figures mu*--n only 9 ,*9ese folk-lore--b also 9 ! old1 ,babylonian lit]ature4 ,! bird is ( c\rse famili> to read]s ( ,! ,arabian ,nights4 ,footnote #agf3 ,nei!r ,al-,g+aleh nor ,*ulan c be satisfactorily id5tifi$4 ,b5jam9 has already made x cle> t to get f ,india to ,*9a takes sixty-?ree days1 t is to say tw5ty-?ree days f ,khulam to ,ibrig1 & !nce =ty days to ! sea ( ,nikpa4 ,! return j\rney1 n m]ely to ,india b to ,zebid1 :i* ,abulf$a & ,alb]uni call ! pr9cipal port ( ,yem51 seems to take b ?irty-f\r days4 ,) reg>d to ,ad51 ! port long 9 ,engl&'s possession1 & ! s-call$ fir/ outpo/ ( ! ,indian ,empire1 x has already be5 expla9$ 7p4 #ej7 t ?is "p ( ,arabia z well z ,abyss9ia on ! o!r side ( ! ,r$ ,sea 7 consid]$ "p ( ,middle ,india4 ,ibn ,batuta says ab\t ,ad53 ,x is situat$ on ! sea-%ore & is a l>ge city1 b )\t ei!r se$1 wat]1 or tree4 ,!y h res]voirs 9 :i* !y collect ! ra9 = dr9k+4 ,"s ri* m]*ants reside "h1 & vessels f ,india occasionally arrive4 ,a ,jewi% community has be5 !re f "t immemorial4 ,! m5 until rec5t times us$ to g ab\t all day 9 _! ,tephill94 ,jacob ,saphir devotes vol4 ,,ii1 *aps1 i-x ( 8 ,eb5 ,saphir1 to a full acc\nt ( ! ,jews ( ,ad54 ,footnote #agg3 ,we mu/ take ,b5jam9's /atem5ts "h to mean t ! indep5d5t ,jews :o liv$ 9 ! m\nta9\s c\ntry 9 ! re> ( ,ad5 cross$ ! ,/raits ( ,bab-el-,m&eb & made w> aga9/ ! inhabitants ( ! ,pla9s ( ,abyss9ia4 ,j4 ,lelewel1 9 a s]ies ( lett]s address$ to ,e4 ,c>moly1 entitl$ ,exam5 geographique des ,voyages de ,b5jam9 de ,tudele 7,bruxelles1 #aheb71 takes great pa9s to locate ! l& ( ,hommatum ,hebrew3 9 lieu ( :i* our text reads ,hebrew3 ! l& ( ! ,pla9s2 b he q fails 9 ?is & 9 _m o!r attempts at id5tification4 ,! ,jews com+ f ,ad5 _h to enc\nt] ! =ces ( ! ,*ri/ian sov]eign ( ,abyss9ia1 & s\ght safety 9 ! m\nta9\s regions ( t c\ntry4 ,"h !y 7 he>d ( lat] "u ! "n ( ,fala%a ,jews4 ,cf4 ,m>co ,polo1 vol4 ,,iii1 *ap4 xxxv4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to ,colonel ,yule's valuable notes to ?is *apt]4 ,he quotes ,bruce's ,ab/ract ( ,abyss9ian ,*ronicles ) reg>d to a ,jewi% dyna/y :i* sup]s$$ ! royal l9e 9 ! t5? c5tury4 ,see also ,dr4 ,*>les ,s+]'s int]e/+ communication 9 ,j4 ,q4,r41 ,,xvii1 p4 #adb1 & ,j4 ,halevy's ,travels 9 ,abyss9ia 7,miscellany ( ,hebrew ,lit]ature3 #bnd ,s]ies1 p4 #age74 ,footnote #agh3 ,assuan1 accord+ to ,makrizi1 0 a mo/ fl\ri%+ t[n prior to #adjc1 :5 m ?an #bj1jjj ( its inhabitants p]i%$4 ,seba _c be id5tifi$4 ,no d\bt our au?or alludes to ,seba1 a "n repeat$ly c\pl$ 9 ,scripture ) ,egypt1 ,cu% & ,havilah4 ,footnote #agi3 ,heluan is ! pres5t ,helwan1 f\rte5 miles f ,cairo1 :i* 0 greatly appreciat$ by ! e>ly ,caliphs = its !rmal sulphur spr+s4 ,/anley ,lane ,poole1 9 ,! ,/ory ( ,cairo1 p4 #fa1 tells u ( its edifices1 & adds3 ,x is curi\s to consid] h[ ne>ly ?is mod]n heal?-resort became ! capital ( ,egypt4 ,heluan is situat$ on ! "r bank ( ! ,nile4 ,"o w\ld h ?\ght t ! c>avans proce$+ to ! int]ior ( ,africa ?r\gh ! ,sah>a ,des]t w\ld h />t$ f ! left bank ( ! ,nile2 b we mu/ rememb] t anci5t ,memphis1 :i* /ood on ! left bank & fac$ ,heluan1 _h be5 ab&on$ long be=e ,b5jam9's "t4 ,edrisi & ,abulf$a confirm ,b5jam9's /atem5t respect+ ,zawila or ,za\yla1 :i* 0 ! capital ( ,gana--! mod]n ,fezzan--a l>ge oasis 9 ! ,sah>a ,des]t1 s\? ( ,tripoli4 ,footnote #ahj3 ,?is s5t5ce is out ( place1 & %\ld foll[ ! s5t5ce 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph :i* speaks ( ! ,sultan ,al-,haba%4 ,footnote #aha3 ,kutz1 ! pres5t ,kus1 is halfway betwe5 ,k5eh & ,luxor4 ,! old t[n1 n[ entirely vani%$1 0 second 9 size to ,fo/at1 & 0 ! *ief c5tre ( ! ,arabian trade4 ,! di/ance ( ,kus f ,fayum is ab\t #cjj miles4 ,! lett] ,hebrew3 ',s9' d5otes #cjj1 n #c4 ,footnote #ahb3 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages ! ,fayum 0 wrongly call$ ,pi?om4 ,e4 ,naville has id5tifi$ ! ru9s ( ,tell-el-,maskhuta ne> ,ismailieh ) ,pi?om1 ! treasure city m5tion$ 9 ,exodus i4 #aa4 ,among ! build+s1 gra9-/ores h be5 discov]$ 9 ! =m ( deep rectangul> *amb]s )\t doors1 into :i* ! corn 0 p\r$ f above4 ,^! are suppos$ to date f ! "t ( ,rameses ,,ii4 ,see ,! ,/ore ,city ( ,pi?om & ! ,r\te ( ! ,exodus3 ,a ,memoir ( ! ,egypt ,exploration ,fund4 ,e4 ,naville1 #ahhe4 ,! ,fayum1 or ,m>%-di/rict1 owes its extraord9>y f]tility to ! ,bahr ,yussuf 7,joseph's ,canal74 ,! ,arab /ory is t :5 ,joseph 0 gett+ old ! c\rti]s tri$ to br+ ab\t 8 disgrace by induc+ ,ph>aoh to set him :at appe>$ to be an impossible task1 viz4 to d\ble ! rev5ues ( ! prov9ce )9 a few ye>s4 ,joseph accompli%$ ! task by artificially adapt+ a natural bran* ( ! ,nile s z to give ! di/rict ! b5efit ( ! ye>ly ov]fl[4 ,! canal ?us =m$1 :i* is #bjg miles 9 l5g?1 0 call$ aft] ,joseph4 ,! /oreh\ses ( ,joseph are repeat$ly m5tion$ by ,arabic writ]s4 ,cf4 ,koran xii4 #ee1 ,jacut1 ,,iv1 #icc & ,makrizi1 ,i1 #bda4 ,footnote #ahc3',mr4 ,israel ,abrahams1 9 ,j4 ,q4,r41 ,,xvii1 #dbg sqq41 & ,mr4 ,e4,j4 ,worman1 vol4 ,,xviii1 #a1 give u v int]e/+ in=mation respect+ ,fo/at & ,cairo1 z d]iv$ f ,g5iza docum5ts1 b to compreh5d fully ,b5jam9's acc\nt1 we mu/ rememb] t at ! "t ( 8 visit ! metropolis 0 pass+ ?r\gh a crisis4 ,s9ce ,m>*1 #aafi1 ,salad9 _h virtually become ! rul] ( ,egypt1 al?\gh nom9ally he act$ z ,vizi] to ! ,caliph ,el-,adid1 :o 0 ! la/ ( ! ,fatimite l9e1 & :o di$ ,sept4 #ac1 #aaga1 ?ree days aft] 8 deposition4 ,! /ud5t is ref]r$ to ! biography ( ,salad9 by ,mr4 ,/anley ,lane ,poole1 #ahgh4 ,*ap1 viii gives a full acc\nt ( ,cairo z at #aagj & is accompani$ by a map4 ,! well-kn[n citadel ( ,cairo1 /&+ on ! spurs ( ! ,mukattam ,hills1 0 erect$ by ,salad9 sev5 ye>s lat]4 ,! ,cairo ( #aagj1 :i* 0 /yl$ ,el ,m$9a1 & 0 call$ by ,b5jam9 ,hebrew31 0 f\nd$ 9 #ifi1 & consi/$ ( an imm5se palace = ! ,caliph & 8 l>ge h\sehold4 ,x 0 surr\nd$ by qu>t]s = a l>ge army1 & edifices = ! m9i/]s & gov]nm5t (fices4 ,! :ole 0 protect$ by massive walls & impos+ ,norman-l gates4 ,! civil population--m p>ticul>ly ! ,jews--dwelt 9 ! old ,kasr-e%-,%ama qu>t] r\nd ! s-call$ ,ca/le ( ,babylon1 also 9 ! city ( ,fo/at1 f\nd$ 9 #fda1 & 9 ! ,el-,ask> qu>t]1 :i* 0 built 9 #gea4 ,^! suburbs w5t "u ! "n ( ,misr or ,masr1 b are call$ by ,b5jam9 ,mizraim4 ,fo/at 0 set on fire on ,nov4 #ab1 #aafh1 by ! ord] ( ! ,vizi] ,%aw>1 9 ord] t x might n give %elt] to ! ,franks :o _h invad$ ,egypt1 b 0 soon rebuilt 9 "p4 ,x n[ goes "u ! "n ,masr-el-,atika1 & is not$ at ! pres5t day = its imm5se rubbi% heaps4 ,see ,/anley ,lane ,poole's ,cairo1 p4 #cd4 ,footnote #ahd3 ,cf4 two elaborate pap]s by ,dr4 ,a4 ,bue*l]1 ,! ,read+ ( ! ,law & ,prophets 9 a ,tri5nial ,cycle1 ,j4 ,q4,r41 ,v1 #dbj1 ,,vi1 ,i1 & ,e4,n4 ,adl]1 ib4 ,,viii1 #ebi4 ,= details z to synagogues1 see ,j4 ,q4,r41 ,,xviii1 #aa2 ,lett] ,i ( ,r4 ,obadja da ,b]t9oro2 ,miscellany ( ,hebrew ,lit]ature1 p4 #acc2 ,joseph ,samb>i's ,*ronicle 9 ,dr4 ,neubau]'s ,anecdota ,oxoni5sia1 p4 #aah4 ,samb>i mu/ h _h ,b5jam9's ,it9]>y be=e him1 z has be5 po9t$ out by ,mr4 ,i4 ,abrahams1 ,j4 ,q4,r41 ,,ii1 #ajg4 ,footnote #ahe3 ,zunz 0 ! fir/ to put =w>d ! supposition t ,r4 ,ne?anel is id5tical ) ,hibet ,allah ibn al ,jami1 :o lat] on became ,salad9's physician 7,a%]1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bec74 ,graetz1 vol4 ,,vi1 p4 #cjg1 incl9es to ! same view4 ,dr4 ,/e9s*neid]1 ,die arabis*e ,lit]atur d] ,jud51 #aijb1 p4 #agh1 confirms ?is op9ion1 & gives a detail$ acc\nt ( ,hibet ,allah's m$ical & philosophical works4 ,dr4 ,neubau]1 9 an article1 ,j4,q4,r41 ,,viii1 #eda1 draws att5tion to a ,g5iza fragm5t :i* conta9s a m>riage contract dat$ #aafj1 :]e9 ,r4 ,ne?anel is call$ a ,levite4 ,b5jam9 does n /yle him s "h4 ,! same article conta9s ! s-call$ ,suttah ,megillah1 on :i* ,pr(essor ,kaufmann comm5ts1 ,j4,q4,r41 ,x1 p4 #aga4 ,x w\ld appe> t ,r4 ,ne?anel nev] atta9$ ! dignity ( ,nagid4 ,dur+ ,b5jam9's visit to ,egypt ,sutta1 9 8 capacity ( ,*ief ,collector ( ,taxes1 fill$ nom9ally t (fice4 ,lat] on1 aft] ,sutta's fall1 ! dignity ( ,nagid 0 (f]$ to ,moses ,maimonides1 b 0 n accept$ by him4 ,footnote #ahf3 ,?is t]m 7:i* is n giv5 9 ! pr9t$ editions7 means t ! p 7 foll[]s ( ,ali1 ! son-9-law ( ,mohamm$1 f\nd] ( ! ,%iite sect4 ,footnote #ahg3 ,?is same ,nilomet] is readily %[n to ! visitor at ! s\? end ( ! ,isl& ( ,roda1 :i* is accessible by means ( a f]ry-boat f ! ,kasr-e% ,%ama1 n f> f ! ,k5isat ,eliyahu1 :]e ! ,g5iza manuscripts 7 f\nd4 ,see ,e4,n4 ,adl]'s ,jews 9 ,_m ,l&s1 p4 #bh1 also ,j4,q4,r41 ,,ix1 #ffi4 ,! ,nilomet] is 9 a squ>e well #af feet 9 diamet]1 hav+ 9 ! c5tre a graduat$ octagonal column ) ,cufic inscriptions1 & is #ag cubits 9 height1 ! cubit be+ #ba-a_/c in*es4 ,! wat] ( ! ,nile1 :5 at its l[e/1 cov]s #g cubits ( ! ,nilomet]1 & :5 x rea*es a height ( #ae-b_/c cubits ! ,%eikh ( ! ,nile proclaims ! ,wefa1 i4e41 t ! height ( ! wat] necess>y = irrigat+ e "p ( ! ,nile valley has be5 atta9$4 ,! signal is !n giv5 = ! cutt+ ( ! embankm5t4 ,we "k t ! column ( ! ,nilomet] has be5 frequ5tly repair$1 :i* fact expla9s ! app>5t discrepancy betwe5 ! height ( ! gauge z giv5 9 ,b5jam9's n>rative & ! figures j m5tion$4 ,footnote #ahh3 ,x has only be5 e/abli%$ q rec5tly t ! p]iodical inundations ( ! ,nile are n caus$ by ! increas$ outfl[ f ! lakes 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 inasmu* z ?is outfl[ is q lo/ 9 ! m>%y l& s\? ( ,fa%oda4 ,moreov]1 ! riv] is absolutely block$ by ! accumulation ( ! ,papyrus we$1 kn[n z ,sudd1 ! ,hebrew3 eis ( ,scripture1 ,exod4 ii4 #c-e4 ,! inundations are br\ght ab\t purely by ! excessive ra9s 9 ! highl&s ( ,abyss9ia1 :i* cause ! flood+ ( ! ,blue ,nile & ! ,atb>a 9 ,june & ,july & ( ! l[] ,nile 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,footnote #ahi3 ,9 a ,g5iza fragm5t ,c quot$ by ,dr4 ,neubau] 9 ,j4,q4,r41 ,,ix1 p4 #cf1 ?is city is call$ ,hebrew34 ,probably ! fir/ two lett]s d5ote t x is an isl&4 ,comp>e ! passage 9 ,s*e*t]'s ,saadyana1 pp4 #ij1 #ia1 ,hebrew34 ,footnote #aij3 ,a%mun is describ$ by ,abulf$a z a l>ge city4 ,we read 9 a ,g5iza fragm5t t ,david b5 ,daniel1 a desc5dant ( ! ,exil>*1 pass$ ?r\gh ?is place on ! way to ,fo/at1 ,j4,q4,r41 ,,xv1 #hg4 ,! f\r? *annel is ! ,tanitic bran*4 ,see p4 #gh1 n4 #b4 ,footnote #aia3 ,see ,koran xii4 #ee4 ,samb>i1 :o be+ a native ( ,egypt knew ,cairo well1 expla9s v fully1 p4 #aai1 t ,masr-el-,atika is n "h ref]r$ to1 b anci5t ,memphis1 ! seat ( royalty 9 ,joseph's "t4 ,he expla9s t x 0 situat$ on ! left side ( ! ,nile1 two p>asangs di/ant f ,cairo4 ,see ,re9aud's ,abulf$a1 vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #adj4 ,footnote #aib3 ,see ,makrizi1 vol4 ,,ii1 #dfd1 & ,j4,q4,r41 ,,xv1 p4 #ge2 also ,,xix1 #ejb4 ,footnote #aic3 ,e4 ,naville 9 8 ,essay on ! ,l& ( ,go%51 be+ ! fif? ,memoir ( ! ,egypt ,exploration ,fund1 #ahhg1 comes to ! conclusion t ! l& ( ,go%5 compris$ ! triangle =m$ by ,bilbais1 ,zakazig1 & ,tel-el-,kebir4 ,he is ( op9ion t ! l& ( ,ramses includ$ ! l& ( ,go%51 & is t "p ( ! ,delta :i* lies to ! ea/w>d ( ! ,tanitic bran* ( ! ,nile4 ,! capital ( ! prov9ce--! ,egyptian nome ( ,arabia--0 ! ,phakusa ( ! ,greeks4 ,a small railway /ation is n[ on ! spot1 :i* be>s ! "n ,ramses4 ,cf4 ,g54 xlvii4 #aa4 ,footnote #aid3 ,a9-al-,%ams 0 situat$ ?ree p>asangs f ,fo/at1 accord+ to ,jacut 7,,iii1 #gfb71 :o records t 9 8 day ! place %[$ _m traces ( build+s f ,ph>aoh's "t4 ,b5ha is n[ a some:at important railway /ation ab\t ?irty miles nor? ( ,cairo4 ,muneh ,sifte is a /ation on ! ,damietta arm ( ! ,nile4 ,footnote #aie3 ,samnu is p]haps ,samnat1 ,dukmak1 ,v1 #bj4 ,on ,damira see ,s*e*t]1 ,saadyana1 p4 #hb2 ,worman1 ,j4,q4,r41 ,,xviii1 #aj4 ,! zoologi/ ,damiri 0 born "h4 ,lammanah 9 ! o!r v]sions is ,mahallat or ,mehallet-el-,kebir1 m5tion$ by ,abulf$a z a l>ge city ) _m monum5ts1 & is n[ a railway /ation betwe5 ,tanta & ,mansura4 ,samb>i 7#aai1 #aj7 m5tions a synagogue !re1 to :i* ,jews ev5 n[ make pilgrimages 7,goldzih]1 ,z4,d4,p4,g41 vol4 ,,xxviii1 p4 #aec74 ,footnote #aif3 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages c]ta9 biblical names 7 )\t valid reason appli$ to not$ places4 ,no-,ammon m5tion$ 9 ,scripture 7,j]4 xlvi4 #be & ,nahum iii4 #h71 also 9 cunei=m inscriptions1 0 d\btless anci5t ,!bes4 ,see ,rob9son1 ,biblical ,rese>*es1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #edb4 ,ano!r notable example is ! application ( ! "n ( ,zoan to ,cairo4 ,anci5t ,tanis 7p4 #gh7 0 probably ,zoan1 & we are told 7,num4 xiii4 #bb7 t ,zoan 0 built sev5 ye>s aft] ,hebron4 ,x c be trac$ z f> back z ! six? dyna/y--ov] #b1jjj ye>s be=e ,cairo 0 f\nd$4 ,footnote #aig3 ,josephus1 :o _h ! opportunity ( see+ ! ,ph>os be=e x 0 de/roy$1 mu/ likewise h exagg]at$ :5 he said t ! ligh?\se ?rew its rays a di/ance ( #cjj /adia4 ,/rabo describes ! ,ph>os ( ,alex&ria1 :i* 0 consid]$ "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w4 ,z ! coa/ 0 l[ & !re 7 no l&m>ks1 x prov$ ( great s]vice to ! city4 ,x 0 built ( :ite m>ble1 & on ! top !re blaz$ a huge beacon ( logs saturat$ ) pit*4 ,abulf$a alludes to ! l>ge mirror :i* enabl$ ! ligh?\se keep]s to detect f a great di/ance ! approa* ( ! enemy4 ,he fur!r m5tions t ! trick by :i* ! mirror 0 de/roy$ took place 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( ,islamism1 "u ! ,caliph ,valyd1 ! son ( ,abd-almalek4 ,footnote #aih3 ,x w be se5 t ! li/ ( names giv5 9 our text is mu* m complete ?an t giv5 by ,a%]1 :o enum]ates b tw5ty-eight ,*ri/ian /ates 9 lieu ( =ty giv5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,,ms4 ,9 "s cases ! read+s ( ,r & ,o1 :i* appe> to h be5 writt5 by c>eful scribes1 & are ( an old] date ?an ,e & ! pr9t$ editions1 h be5 adopt$4 ,9 our text1 ?r\gh ! ignorance ( ! scribe1 :o _h no gazette] or map to turn to1 "s palpable errors h crept 94 ,= in/ance1 9 nam+ ,amalfi1 already m5tion$ on p4 #i1 ! error 9 spell+ x ,hebrew3 has be5 repeat$4 ,patz9akia 7ref]r$ to on p4 #ab1 z trad+ ) ,con/ant9ople7 is !re spelt ,hebrew3 n ,hebrew34 ,hebrew3 may be read ,hebrew32 ,i h r5d]$ x ,ha9ault 9 accordance ) ,deguigne's ,memoir1 ref]r$ to by ,a%]4 ,mauri5ne 7m5tion$ p4 #gi7 embrac$ ,savoy & ! ,m>itime ,alps4 ,x 0 nam$ aft] ! ,moors :o settl$ !re4 ,footnote #aii3 ,simas9 or ,timas9 is d\btless ne> ,lake ,timsah4 ,sunbat is spok5 ( by ,arabic writ]s z not$ = its l95 manufactures & trade4 ,footnote #bjj3 ,elim has be5 id5tifi$ ) ,wadi ,gh>&el4 ,x is rea*$ 9 two h\rs f ! bitt] spr+ 9 ! ,wadi ,haw>a1 believ$ to be ! ,m>ah ( ! ,bible4 ,burckh>dt conjectures t ! juice ( ! b]ry ( ! gh>kad1 a %rub gr[+ 9 ! neighb\rhood1 may h ! prop]ty1 l ! juice ( ! pomegranate1 ( improv+ bracki% wat]2 see p4 #dge1 ,ba$eck]'s ,egypt1 #ahgi edition4 ,pr(essor ,lepsius 0 responsible = ! *apt] on ! ,s9ai r\tes4 ,footnote #bja3 ,a j\rney ( two days w\ld br+ ! travell] to ! luxuriant oasis ( ,firan1 :i* anci5t tradition & mod]n explor]s agree 9 id5tify+ z ,rephidim4 ,f ,firan x is held1 by ,pr(essor ,sayce & o!rs1 t ! ma9 body ( ! ,israelites ) _! flocks & h]ds probably pass$ ! ,wadi e%-,%ekh1 :ile ,moses & ! eld]s w5t by ,wadi ,selaf & ,nakb el-,hawa4 ,! f9al camp+-gr\nd1 at :i* took place ! giv+ ( ! ,law1 is suppos$ to be ! ,raha pla9 at ! foot ( ! peak ( ,jebel ,musa4 ,x may be m5tion$ t "s explor]s are ( op9ion t ,m\nt ,s]bal 0 ! m\nta9 ( revelation4 ,!re are au?orities :o ma9ta9 t ,horeb 0 ! "n ( ! :ole m\nta9 range1 ,s9ai be+ ! individual m\nta92 o!rs ?9k t ,horeb designat$ ! nor!rn range & ,s9ai ! s\!rn range4 ,see ,dr4 ,rob9son's ,biblical ,rese>*es1 vol4 ,i1 section iii3 also articles ,s9ai 9 ,*eyne's ,encyclopa$ia ,biblica & ,dean ,/anley's ,s9ai & ,pale/9e4 ,footnote #bjb3 ,! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e 0 erect$ #b1jjj feet bel[ ! summit ( ,jebel ,musa4 ,x 0 f\nd$ by ,ju/9ian to give %elt] to ! num]\s ,syrian h]mits :o inhabit$ ! p59sula4 ,! mona/]y 0 presid$ ov] by an ,ar*bi%op4 ,footnote #bjc3 ,! passage 9 squ>e brackets is ins]t$ f ! ,ox=d ,,ms4 ,! city ( ,tur1 :i* ,b5jam9 calls ,tur-,s9ai1 is situat$ on ! ea/]n side ( ! ,gulf ( ,suez1 & af=ds good an*orage1 ! h>b\r be+ protect$ by coral reefs4 ,x c be rea*$ f ! mona/]y 9 little m ?an a day4 ,! small m\nta9 ref]r$ to by ,b5jam9 is ! ,jebel ,hammam ,sidna ,musa1 ! m\nta9 ( ! ba? ( our "l ,moses4 ,footnote #bjd3 ,tanis1 n[ call$ ,san1 0 probably ! ,zoan ( ,scripture1 b 9 ! ,middle ,ages x 0 held to be ,hanes1 m5tion$ 9 ,isa4 xxx4 #d4 ,x 0 situat$ on ! ea/]n bank ( ! ,tanitic bran* ( ! ,nile1 ab\t ?irty miles s\?-we/ ( ! anci5t ,pelusium4 ,! excavations :i* h be5 made by ,m4 ,m>iette & ,mr4 ,fl9d]s ,petrie prove t x 0 "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ important cities ( ! ,delta4 ,x =ms ! subject ( ! ,second ,memoir ( ! ,egypt ,exploration ,fund1 #ahhe4 ,! place mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! seaport t[n ,t5nis1 z has be5 done by ,a%]4 ,9 ! six? c5tury ! wat]s ( ! ,lake ,m5zaleh invad$ a l>ge portion ( ! f]tile ,tanis t]ritory4 ,h5ce ,b5jam9 calls x an isl& 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea4 ,9 a ,g5iza docum5t dat$ #aajf1 quot$ by ,dr4 ,s*e*t]1 ,saadyana1 p4 #ia1 occurs ! passage3 ,hebrew3 ,9 ! city ( ! isle ,hanes1 :i* is 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea & ( ! tongue ( ! riv] ( ,egypt call$ ,nile4 ,footnote #bje3 ,! /raits ( ,mess9a 7 nam$ ,f>o4 ,lip> has ref]5ce1 no d\bt1 to ! ,lip>ian ,isl&s1 :i* are 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,footnote #bjf3 ,cf4 ,b]t9oro's int]e/+ description ( ! synagogue at ,pal]mo1 :i* he said _h n its equal1 ,miscellany ( ,hebrew ,lit]ature1 vol4 ,i1 p4 #aad4 ,footnote #bjg3 ,hac9a is ! ,arabic = a =tifi$ or enclos$ place4 ,footnote #bjh3 ,buheira is ! ,arabic ^w = a lake4 ,! unrivall$ hunt+ gr\nds ( ,william ,,ii are well wor? visit+1 be+ situat$ betwe5 ! little t[n call$ ,p>co & ! magnific5t ca!dral ( ,monreale1 :i* ! k+ erect$ lat] on4 ,footnote #bji3 ,k+ ,william ,,ii1 surnam$ ! ,good1 0 sixte5 ye>s old :5 ,b5jam9 visit$ ,sicily 9 #aagj4 ,dur+ ! k+'s m9ority ! ,ar*bi%op 0 ! vice-reg5t4 ,he 0 expell$ 9 #aafi on acc\nt ( 8 unpopul>ity4 ,a%] ass]ts t ,b5jam9's visit mu/ h tak5 place prior to ?is date1 because he reads ,hebrew3 ,?is is ! doma9 ( ! vic]oy4 ,! ,ox=d ,,ms4 agrees ) our text & reads ,hebrew3 ,?is is ! doma9 ( ! k+'s g>d54 ,*ronicl]s tell t :5 ! "y k+ 0 fre$ f ! control ( ! vic]oy he gave himself up to pleasure & dissipation4 ,a%] is cle>ly wrong1 because a m]e boy c\ld n h indulg$ 9 ^? frolics4 ,! po9t is ( importance1 z x absolutely fixes ! date ( ,b5jam9's visit to ! isl&4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #aagg t ,william m>ri$ ! daught] ( our ,engli% k+1 ,h5ry ,,ii4 ,footnote #baj3 ,edrisi1 :o wrote 8 ,geography 9 ,sicily 9 #aaed at ! reque/ ( ,k+ ,rog] ,,ii1 calls ! isl& a pe>l1 & _c f9d words suffici5t 9 praise ( its climate1 beauty1 & f]tility4 ,he is especially en?usia/ic conc]n+ ,pal]mo4 ,petralia is describ$ by him z be+ a =tifi$ place1 & an excell5t place ( refuge1 ! surr\nd+ c\ntry be+ "u a high /ate ( cultivation & v productive4 ,a%] has no ju/ification = read+ ,pantaleoni in/ead ( ,petralia4 ,footnote #baa3 ,! passage 9 squ>e brackets is to be f\nd 9 mo/ ( ! pr9t$ editions1 z well z 9 ! ,ep/e9 7,e7 ,,ms41 :i* is s mu* ak9 to !m1 & is comp>atively mod]n4 ,! /yle w at once %[ t ! passage is a late int]polation1 & ! g5u9e ,,mss4 n[ =?com+ omit x altoge!r4 ,footnote #bab3 ,see ,aronius1 ,rege/]1 p4 #aca4 ,?is writ]1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 _h only ! pr9t$ editions be=e him4 ,8 supposition t ,hebrew3 is ,may5ce is m ?an d\btful1 b 8 & ,lelewel's id5tification ( ,hebrew3 ) ,mant]n & ,hebrew3 ) ,freis+ has be5 accept$4 ,aronius ca/s d\bts z to :e!r ,b5jam9 actually visit$ ,g]many1 9 ! face ( 8 loose /atem5ts z to its riv]s4 ,x w n[ be se5 t he is rem>kably correct 9 ?is respect4 ,footnote #bac3 ,! ,jews ( ,prague are (t5 spok5 ( 9 contempor>y records4 ,rabbi ,pe?a*ia />t$ on 8 travels f ,ratisbon1 pass+ ?r\gh ,prague on 8 way to ,pol& & ,kieff4 ,footnote #bad3 ,b5jam9 does n tell u :e!r ,jews resid$ 9 ,kieff4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,ep/e9 has oblig+ly furni%$ ! foll[+ ref]5ces3 ,9 ,hebrew31 ,graetz1 ,monatss*rift1 #ci1 #eaa1 we read3 ,hebrew34 ,9 ,hebrew31 ,monatss*rift1 #dj1 #acd1 ,hebrew34 ,?is ,rabbi ,moses is also m5tion$ 9 ,resp4 ( ,r4 ,meir ( ,ro!nburg1 ed4 ,b]l91 p4 #fd4 ,lat] records give ! "n ,hebrew34 ,footnote #bae3 ,! vair 7vaiv]ge or wieworka 9 ,poli%7 is a species ( m>t51 (t5 ref]r$ to 9 m$iaeval works4 ,m5u-vair is ! well-kn[n fur m9iv]4 ,footnote #baf3 ,lelewel1 hav+ ! read+ ,hebrew3 be=e him1 ?\ght ,s$an 0 "h designat$4 ,h4 ,gross suspect$ t ! city ( ,aux]re1 situat$ on ! bord]s ( ! prov9ce ( ! ,isle de ,france1 ! old patrimony ( ! ,fr5* k+s1 mu/ h be5 int5d$1 & ! read+ ( our text proves him to be "r4 ,! ,roman "n ,antiossiodorum became conv]t$ into ,alciodorum1 !n ,alcore1 & f9ally into ,aux]re4 ,! place is (t5 cit$ 9 our m$iaeval lit]ature1 z x 0 a not$ seat ( le>n+4 ,! great m5 ( ,aux]re1 ,hebrew31 jo9$ ! ,synod conv5$ by ,ra%bam & ,rab5u ,tam4 ,see ,gallia ,judaica1 p4 #fj1 also ,graetz1 vol4 ,,vi1 #cie 7#aj74 99 99 99 99 99