,,edition7999999 ,,! ,,/&>d ,,op]as ,_! ,plots1 ,_! ,music1 & ,_! ,compos]s ,a ,h&book by ,,george ,p4 ,,upton ,twelf? ,edition ,*icago3 ,a4 ,c4 ,mc,clurg & ,company #ahig ,,preface4 ,! object ( ! compil] ( ?is ,h&book is to pres5t to ! read] a brief b compreh5sive sket* ( ea* ( ! op]as conta9$ 9 ! mod]n rep]tory :i* are likely to be giv5 dur+ regul> seasons4 ,to ?is end he has consult$ ! be/ au?orities1 add+ to ! mat]ial ?us collect$ 8 own obs]vations1 & 9 ea* case pres5t$ a necess>ily brief sket* ( ! compos]1 ! /ory ( ea* op]a1 ! g5]al "* ( ! music1 its prom95t sc5es & numb]s1--! latt] 9 ! text mo/ famili> to op]a-go]s1--! date ( fir/ p]=mances1 ) a /atem5t ( ! orig9al ca/ :]ev] x has be5 possible to obta9 x1 & su* hi/orical in=mation conc]n+ ! op]a & its composition z w be ( int]e/ to ! read]4 ,! "w has be5 prep>$ = ! g5]al public r ?an = musicians2 & ) ?is purpose 9 view1 te*nicalities h be5 avoid$ z f> z possible1 ! aim be+ to give musically un$ucat$ lov]s ( op]a a cle> und]/&+ ( ! works !y are likely to he>1 & ?us height5 _! enjoym5t4 ,9 a ^w1 ! op]as are describ$ r ?an criticis$1 & ! "w is pres5t$ ) z mu* ?or\ghness z seem$ possible consid]+ ! necess>ily brief space allott$ to ea*4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! ,h&book1 ! compil] ackn[l$ges 8 indebt$ness to ,grove's excell5t ,diction>y ( ,music = dates & o!r /ati/ical in=mation2 & he has also made free use ( /&>d musical works 9 8 libr>y = hi/orical ev5ts connect$ ) ! p]=mance & composition ( ! op]as4 ,x only rema9s to submit ?is "w to op]a-go]s ) ! hope t x may add to _! enjoym5t & prove a valuable addition to _! libr>ies4--,g4,p4,u4 ,,*icago1 ,augu/1 #ahhe4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,aub] ,,fra ,,diavolo ,,masaniello ,,! ,,cr[n ,,diamonds ,,balfe ,,! ,,bohemian ,,girl ,,! ,,rose ,,( ,,ca/ile ,,bee?ov5 ,,fidelio ,,bell9i ,,norma ,,la ,,sonnambula ,i ,,puritani ,,bizet ,,c>m5 ,,boieldieu ,,la ,,dame ,,blan*e ,,boito ,,mephi/opheles ,,delibes ,,lakme ,,donizetti ,,! ,,daught] ,,( ,,! ,,regim5t ,,la ,,favorita ,,don ,,pasquale ,,lucia ,,di ,,lamm]moor ,l',,elisir ,d',,amore ,,lucrezia ,,borgia ,,flot[ ,,m>?a ,,/radella ,,gluck ,,orpheus ,,goetz ,,! ,,tam+ ,,( ,,! ,,%rew ,,goldm>k ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,%eba ,,m]l9 ,,g\nod ,,fau/ ,,romeo ,,& ,,juliet ,,mireille ,,halevy ,,! ,,jewess ,,hump]d9ck ,,hansel ,,& ,,gretel ,,leoncavallo ,i ,,pagliacci ,,mascagni ,,cavall]ia ,,ru/icana ,,mey]be] ,,! ,,hugu5ots ,,! ,,/> ,,( ,,! ,,nor? ,,rob]t ,,! ,,devil ,,d9orah ,,! ,,prophet ,,! ,,african ,,moz>t ,,! ,,m>riage ,,( ,,fig>o ,,don ,,giovanni ,,! ,,magic ,,flute ,,ross9i ,,! ,,b>b] ,,( ,,seville ,,semiramide ,,william ,,tell ,,rub9/e9 ,,n]o ,,?omas ,,mignon ,,v]di ,,ernani ,,rigoletto ,,la ,,traviata ,,il ,,trovatore ,,! ,,mask$ ,,ball ,,aida ,,o!llo ,,fal/aff ,,wagn] ,,ri5zi ,,! ,,fly+ ,,dut*man ,,tannhaeus] ,,loh5gr9 ,,tri/an ,,und ,,isolde ,,! ,,ma/]s+]s ,,! ,,r+ ,,( ,,! ,,nibelung ,,das ,,rhe+old ,,die ,,walku]e ,,siegfri$ ,,die ,,goett]daemm]ung ,,p>sifal ,,wallace ,,m>itana ,,web] ,,d] ,,freis*uetz ,,ob]on ,,euryan! ,,app5dix ,,index ,,aub]4 ,daniel ,francois ,esprit ,aub]1 "o ( ! mo/ prom95t repres5tatives ( ! op]a comique1 0 born at ,ca51 9 ,norm&y1 ,jan4 #bi1 #aghd4 ,he fir/ attract$ att5tion 9 ! musical _w by 8 songs & ballads1 writt5 :5 a m]e boy4 ,"y z he 01 !y 7 great favorites 9 ,fr5* & ,engli% draw+-rooms1 & _! success div]t$ him f 8 comm]cial int5tions to t pr(ession 9 :i* he 0 de/9$ to a*ieve su* popul>ity4 ,8 debut 0 made z an in/rum5tal compos] 9 8 tw5tie? ye>1 b be=e he _h rea*$ 8 ?irtie? he 0 engross$ ) op]atic composition4 ,8 fir/ two works 7 unsuccessful2 b ! ?ird1 ,la ,b]g]e ,*atela9e1 prov$ ! /epp+-/one to a c>e] ( rem>kable popul>ity1 dur+ :i* he produc$ a l>ge numb] ( dramatic works1 :i* n only secur$ = him ! en?usia/ic admiration ( ! ,p>isians1 ) :om he 0 always a favorite1 b also c>ri$ 8 "n & fame ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & obta9$ = him m>ks ( high di/9ction f royalty1 su* z ! (fice ( ,director ( ! ,cons]vatoire f ,l\is ,philippe1 & t ( ,imp]ial ,maitre de ,*apelle f ,l\is ,napoleon4 ,he di$ ,may #ac1 #ahga1 amid ! fe>ful sc5es ( ! ,p>is ,commune4 ,8 be/-kn[n op]as are3 ,masaniello 7#ahbh72 ,fra ,diavolo 7#ahcj72 ,! ,bronze ,horse 7#ahce72 ,! ,black ,dom9o 7#ahcg72 ,! ,cr[n ,diamonds 7#ahda72 & ,z]l9e 7#ahea71--! la/-nam$ writt5 = ! great contralto1 ,mme4 ,alboni4 ,( ^!1 ,fra ,diavolo1 ,masaniello1 & ,! ,cr[n ,diamonds are z fre% z ev] 9 _! ,fr5* & ,italian sett+s1 ?\gh _! f9e/ successes 9 ?is c\ntry h be5 made 9 _! ,engli% dress4 ,,fra ,,diavolo4 ,fra ,diavolo1 op]a comique1 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,scribe1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,op]a ,comique1 ,p>is1 ,jan4 #bh1 #ahcj2 9 ,engli%1 at ,drury ,lane1 ,london1 ,nov4 #c1 #ahca2 9 ,italian1 at ! ,lyceum1 ,london1 ,july #i1 #aheg1 = :i* occasion ! spok5 dialogue 0 conv]t$ into accompani$ recitative4 ,! compos] himself also1 9 fitt+ x = ! ,italian /age1 made "s *anges 9 ! conc]t$ music & add$ sev]al morceaux4 ,! orig9al ,italian ca/ 0 z foll[s3-- ,,z]l9a ,mme4 ,,bosio4 ,,lady ,,allca% ,mlle4 ,,m>ai4 ,,fra ,,diavolo ,sig4 ,,g>d9i4 ,,"l ,,allca% ,sig4 ,,ronconi4 ,,beppo ,sig4 ,,tagliafico4 ,,giacomo ,sig4 ,,zelg]4 ,! orig9al ( ! /ory ( ,fra ,diavolo is to be f\nd 9 ,lesueur's op]a1 ,la ,cav]ne1 aft]w>ds arrang$ z a spectacul> piece & produc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahjh by ,cuvelli] & ,franconi1 & aga9 9 ,vi5na 9 #ahbb z a spectacle-pantomime1 "u ! title ( ,! ,robb] ( ! ,abruzzi4 ,9 ,scribe's adaptation ! b&it1 ,fra ,diavolo1 enc\nt]s an ,engli% nobleman & 8 pretty & susceptible wife1 ,"l & ,lady ,allca%1 at ! inn ( ,t]rac9a1 kept by ,matteo1 ^: daught] ,z]l9a is lov$ by ,lor5zo1 a "y soldi]1 on ! eve ( />t+ to capture ,fra ,diavolo :5 ! action ( ! op]a beg9s4 ,9 ! fir/ sc5e ! ,engli% c\ple ent] 9 great al>m1 hav+ n>r[ly escap$ ! robb]y ( all _! valuables by ,fra ,diavolo's b&4 ,! b&it himself1 :o has foll[$ !m on _! j\rney 9 ! disguise ( a m>quis1 & has be5 p>ticul>ly att5tive to ! lady1 ent]s ! inn j z ,"l ,allca% has be5 reprov+ 8 wife = h] famili>ity ) a /rang]4 ,a qu>rel ensues 9 a duet ( a v humor\s "* 7,i don't object74 ,^u ! entrance ( ,fra ,diavolo1 a qu9tet 7,oh1 ,rapture unb\nd$67 ensues1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ effective & admirably h>moniz$ ensembles ,aub] has ev] writt54 ,fra ,diavolo le>ns ! trick by :i* !y sav$ ! mo/ ( _! valuables1 &1 enrag$ at ! failure ( 8 b&1 lays 8 own plan to secure !m4 ,9 an int]view ) ,z]l9a1 %e1 mi/ak+ him = ! ,m>quis1 tells him ! /ory ( ,fra ,diavolo 9 a romanza 7,on ,yond] ,rock recl9+71 :i* is s fre%1 vigor\s1 & full ( color1 t x has become a favorite ! _w ov]4 ,to fur!r 8 s*emes1 ,fra ,diavolo makes love to ,lady ,allca% & s+s an exquisitely graceful b>c>ole to h] 7,! ,gondoli]1 fond ,passion's ,slave71 accompany+ himself on ! m&ol94 ,"l ,allca% int]rupts ! song1 & ! trio1 ,bravi1 ,bravi1 occurs1 :i* leads up to ! f9ale ( ! act4 ,fra ,diavolo eludes ! c>b9e]s1 :o h return$1 & !y resume _! se>* = him1 leav+ him unmole/$ to p]fect 8 plans = ! robb]y4 ,! second act introduces ,z]l9a 9 h] *amb] ab\t to retire4 ,%e fir/ lights ,"l & ,lady ,allca% to _! room1 a runn+ conv]sation occurr+ betwe5 !m 9 a trio 7,let u1 ,i pray1 good ,wife1 to re/71 :i* by _m good critics has be5 consid]$ z ! be/ numb] 9 ! "w4 ,be=e ,z]l9a returns to h] *amb]1 ,fra ,diavolo & 8 companions1 ,beppo & ,giacomo1 conceal !mselves 9 a closet1 &1 some:at 9 violation ( dramatic consi/5cy1 ,fra ,diavolo s+s ! beautiful s]5ade1 ,"y ,agnes1 :i* _h be5 agre$ ^u z a signal to 8 comrades t ! coa/ 0 cle>4 ,z]l9a ent]s1 & aft] a pretty cavat9a 7',tis to-morr[7 & a pray]1 *>m+ = its simplicity 7,oh1 ,holy ,virg971 retires to re/4 ,! robb]s 9 attempt+ to cross h] room p>tially ar\se h]4 ,"o ( !m ru%es to ! b$ to /ab h]1 b falls back awe-/rick5 z %e murmurs h] pray] & s9ks to re/ aga94 ,! trio :i* m>ks ?is sc5e1 sung pianissimo1 is qua9t & simple & yet v dramatic4 ,! noise ( ! c>b9e]s return+ outside int]rupts ! plan ( ! robb]s4 ,!y conceal !mselves 9 ! closet aga94 ,z]l9a rises & dresses h]self4 ,"l & ,lady ,allca% ru% 9 en de%abille to f9d out ! cause ( ! upro>4 ,lor5zo ent]s to greet ,z]l9a1 :5 a sudd5 noise 9 ! closet di/urbs ! company4 ,fra ,diavolo1 kn[+ he w be detect$1 boldly /eps out into ! room & decl>es t he is !re to keep an appo9tm5t ) ,z]l9a4 ,lor5zo *all5ges him1 & he promises to give him satisfaction 9 ! morn+1 & coolly effects 8 escape4 ,"o ( 8 comrades1 h[ev]1 is captur$1 & to secure 8 own lib]ty agrees to betray 8 *ief4 ,! ?ird act introduces ,fra ,diavolo once m among 8 native m\nta9s1 & !re is ! real brea? & vigor ( ! m\nta9 air 9 8 op5+ song 7,pr\dly & wide my ,/&>d flies71 & rollick+ fre$om 9 ! rondeau :i* foll[s x 7,!n s9ce ,life glides s fa/ away74 ,he exults 9 8 lib]ty1 & gleefully looks =w>d to a meet+ ) ,"l & ,lady ,allca%1 :i* he anticipates w r$\nd to 8 p]sonal pr(it4 ,8 exultation is int]rupt$ by ! entrance ( ! villag]s array$ 9 fe/ival attire 9 honor ( ! approa*+ w$d+ c]emonies1 s++ a bright pa/oral *orus 7,oh1 ,holy ,virg96 bright & fair74 ,! f9ale ( ! act is occupi$ ) ! developm5t ( ! s*eme betwe5 ,lor5zo1 ,beppo1 & ,giacomo1 to ensn>e ,fra ,diavolo & compass 8 dea?2 & ) ! f9al trag$y1 9 :i* ,fra ,diavolo meets 8 doom at ! h&s ( ! c>b9e]s1 b n be=e he has decl>$ ,z]l9a's innoc5ce4 ,?is f9ale is /rong & v dramatic1 & yet at ! same "t simple1 natural1 & un/udi$4 ,! op]a itself is a univ]sal favorite1 n alone = its naturalness & quiet grace1 b = its bright & ev5 boi/]\s humor1 :i* is su/a9$ by ! typical ,engli% t\ri/1 :o 0 = ! fir/ "t introduc$ 9 op]a by ,scribe4 ,! text is full ( _s & gayety1 & ^! qualities are admirably reflect$ 9 ! sp>kl+ music ( ,aub]4 ,n "o ( ! books :i* ! v]satile ,scribe has suppli$ = ! op]a is m replete ) incid5t or bright] 9 humor4 ,h[ well x 0 adapt$ = musical treatm5t is %[n by ! fact t ,fra ,diavolo made ,aub]'s reputation at ! ,op]a ,comique4 ,,masaniello4 ,masaniello1 or ,la ,muette de ,portici1 a lyric op]a 9 five acts1 words by ,scribe & ,delavigne1 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,p>is1 ,feb4 #bi1 #ahbh2 9 ,engli%1 at ,london1 ,may #d1 #ahbi2 & 9 ,italian1 at ,london1 ,m>* #ae1 #ahdi4 ,! orig9al ca/ includ$ ,mme4 ,damoreau-,c9ti z ,elvira1 ,mlle4 ,noblet z ,f5ella1 & ,m4 ,massol z ,pietro4 ,9 ! ,italian v]sion1 ,sig4 ,m>io1 ,mme4 ,dorus-,gras1 & ,mlle4 ,l]\x1 a fam\s mime & danc]1 took ! pr9cipal p>ts2 :ile 9 its ,engli% dress1 ,braham creat$ "o ( ! greate/ successes on record1 & e/abli%$ x z ! favorite op]a ( ,aub] among ,engli%m54 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid ne> ,naples4 ,! fir/ act op5s ^u ! fe/ivities att5d+ ! nuptials ( ,alphonso1 son ( ! ,duke ( ,arcos1 & ! ,pr9cess ,elvira4 ,aft] a *orus ( rejoic+1 ! latt] ent]s & s+s a brilliant cavat9a 7,o1 bel ,mom5to7 expressive ( h] happ9ess4 ,9 ! f\r? sc5e ! fe/ivities are int]rupt$ by ! appe>ance ( ,f5ella1 ! dumb girl1 :o implores ! pr9cess to save h] f ,selva1 "o ( ! ,duke's (fic]s1 :o is seek+ to return h] to prison1 f :i* %e has escap$1 & :]e %e has be5 conf9$ at ! ord]s ( "s unkn[n cavali] :o has be5 p]secut+ h]4 ,! "p ( ,f5ella is ( c\rse express$ by pantomime ?r\gh\t4 ,! rema9d] ( ! act is int5sely dramatic4 ,elvira promises to protect ,f5ella1 & !n1 aft] "s spirit$ *oruses by ! soldi]s1 ent]s ! *apel ) ,alphonso4 ,dur+ ! c]emony ,f5ella discov]s t he is h] betray]4 ,%e attempts to g 91 b is prev5t$ by ! soldi]s4 ,on ! return ( ! newly w$d$ pair ,f5ella meets ,elvira & d5\nces h] husb&1 & ! sc5e ends ) a g5u9e ,italian f9ale ( excitem5t4 ,! second act op5s on ! sea-%ore1 & %[s ! fi%]m5 busy ) _! nets & boats4 ,masaniello1 bro!r ( ,f5ella1 ent]s1 brood+ ^u ! wrongs ( ! p1 & is implor$ by ! fi%]m5 to *e] !m ) a song4 ,he replies ) ! b>c>ole1 ,piu bello sorse il giorno1--a lovely melody1 :i* has be5 ! delight ( all t5ors4 ,8 fri5d ,pietro ent]s & !y jo9 9 a duet 7,s>a il morir7 ( a mo/ vigor\s & impassion$ "*1 expressive ( ,masaniello's grief = 8 si/] & _! mutual resolution to /rike a bl[ = fre$om4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! duet he beholds ,f5ella ab\t to ?r[ h]self into ! sea4 ,he calls to h] & %e ru%es into 8 arms & describes to him ! /ory ( h] wrongs4 ,he v[s rev5ge1 & 9 a magnific5t1 m>tial f9ale1 :i* mu/ h be5 inspir$ by ! revolution>y feel+ ) :i* ! :ole atmosph]e 0 *>g$ at ! "t ,aub] wrote 7#ahbh71 incites ! fi%]m5 & p to rise 9 revolt aga9/ _! tyrannical oppressors4 ,9 ! ?ird act1 aft] a passionate aria 7,il pianto rasciuga7 by ,elvira1 we are introduc$ to ! m>ket-place1 cr[d$ ) m>ket-girls & fi%]m5 dispos+ ( _! fruits & fi%4 ,aft] a lively *orus1 a fasc9at+ & g5u9e ,neapolitan t>antelle is danc$4 ,! m]ry sc5e spe$ily *anges to "o ( turmoil & di/ress4 ,selva attempts to arre/ ,f5ella1 b ! fi%]m5 rescue h] & ,masaniello gives ! signal = ! g5]al upris+4 ,be=e ! combat beg9s1 all kneel & s+ ! celebrat$ pray]1 ,nume del ciel1 tak5 f "o ( ,aub]'s e>ly masses1 & "o ( 8 mo/ inspir$ ef=ts4 ,! f\r? act op5s 9 ,masaniello's cottage4 ,he deplores ! com+ horrors ( ! day 9 a gr& aria 7,dio6 di me dispone/i7 :i* is v dramatic 9 its quality4 ,f5ella ent]s1 & aft] describ+ ! tumult 9 ! city s9ks exhau/$ ) fatigue4 ,z %e falls asleep he s+s a slumb] song 7,sc5di1 o sonno dal ciel71 a mo/ exquisite melody1 univ]sally kn[n z ,l',air du ,sommeil4 ,x is sung by ! be/ arti/s mezzo voce ?r\gh\t1 & :5 treat$ 9 ?is mann] nev] fails to impress ! he>] ) its t5d]ness & beauty4 ,at its close ,pietro ent]s & once m r\ses ,masaniello to rev5ge by in=m+ him t ,alphonso has escap$4 ,aft] !y leave ! cottage1 ! latt] & ,elvira ent] & implore protection4 ,f5ella is mov$ to m]cy1 & a conc]t$ numb] foll[s 9 :i* ,masaniello promises safety & is d5\nc$ by ,pietro = 8 weakness4 ,9 ! f9ale1 ! magi/rates & citiz5s ent]1 be>+ ! keys ( ! t[n & ! royal insignia1 & decl>e ,masaniello k+ 9 a *orus ( a v inspirit+ & brilliant "*4 ,! la/ act is v p[]ful1 bo? dramatically & musically4 ,x op5s 9 ! gr\nds ( ! ,vic]oy's palace1 & ,vesuvius is se5 9 ! di/ance1 its smoke port5d+ an eruption4 ,pietro & companions ent] ) w9e-cups 9 _! h&s1 z f a banquet1 & ! =m] s+s a b>c>ole 7,ve' come il v5to irato74 ,at its close o!r fi%]m5 ent] & excit$ly ann\nce t troops are mov+ aga9/ ! p1 t ,vesuvius is ab\t to bur/ into flame1 & t ,masaniello1 _! lead]1 has lo/ 8 reason4 ,?is is confirm$ by ! appe>ance ( ! h]o 9 disord]$ attire1 s++ music ?r\gh :i* are filt]$ fragm5ts ( ! fi%]m5's songs z !y rise 9 8 di/urb$ bra94 ,?is sc5e1 ! ?ird 9 ! act1 is "o n only ( great p[] b ( exquisite grace & t5d]ness1 & requires an arti/ ( ! highe/ rank = its prop] pres5tation4 ,f5ella r\ses him f 8 dejection1 & he once m turns & plunges into ! fight1 only to be kill$ by 8 own comrades4 ,on le>n+ ( h] bro!r's dea? %e unites ! h&s ( ,alphonso & ,elvira1 & !n 9 despair ?r[s h]self into ! burn+ lava ( ,vesuvius4 ,masaniello made ,aub]'s fame at ! ,gr& ,op]a1 z ,fra ,diavolo made x at ! ,op]a ,comique4 ,x has no po9ts 9 common ) t or any o!r ( 8 works4 ,x is s]i\s ?r\gh\t1 & full ( p[]1 impetuosity1 & broad dramatic treatm5t4 ,ev5 ,ri*>d ,wagn] has conc$$ its vigor1 bold effects1 & orig9al h>monies4 ,its melodies are spontane\s1 its in/rum5tation full ( color1 & its /irr+ incid5ts are always vigor\sly h&l$4 ,9 comp>ison ) 8 o!r works x seems l an inspiration4 ,x is full ( ! revolution>y _s1 & its p]=mance 9 ,brussels 9 #ahcj 0 ! cause ( ! riots t drove ! ,dut* out ( ,belgium4 ,,! ,,cr[n ,,diamonds4 ,! ,cr[n ,diamonds 7,les ,diamans de la ,c\ronne71 op]a comique1 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,scribe & ,/4 ,george1 "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ ( ,aub]'s light op]as1 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahda1 b its reputation has be5 made on ! ,engli% /age4 ,x 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,london1 at ! ,pr9cess ,!atre1 ,may #b1 #ahdd1 ) ,mme4 ,anna ,?illon1 a *>m+ s+] & mo/ fasc9at+ woman1 z ,cat>9a2 b its success 0 made at ,drury ,lane 9 #ahed by ,l\isa ,pyne & ,h>rison1 :o took ! p>ts ( ,cat>9a & ,don ,h5rique4 ,! o!r roles1 ,c\nt de ,campo ,mayor1 ,don ,seba/ian1 ,reboll$o1 & ,diana1 7 fill$ by ,mr4 ,hornca/le1 ,mr4 ,reeves1 ,mr4 ,borrani1 & ,miss ,pyne1 si/] ( ! prec$+1 & ) ?is ca/ ! op]a ran a hundr$ nights4 ,! /ory ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,portugal1 "t1 #aggg4 ,! op5+ sc5e discloses ! ru9s ( a ca/le 9 ! m\nta9s1 ne> ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,hub]to1 :]e ,don ,h5rique1 nephew ( ! ,c\nt de ,campo ,mayor1 ,m9i/] ( ,police at ,coimbra1 ov]tak5 by a /orm1 seeks %elt]4 ,at ! "t ( 8 mis=tune he is on 8 way to take "p 9 ! approa*+ coronation1 & also to sign a m>riage contract ) 8 c\s9 ,diana1 daught] ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,police4 ,he solaces himself ) a song 7,roll on1 ,roll on71 dur+ :i* he he>s ! bl[s ( hamm]s 9 a di/ant cav]n1 & on look+ r\nd discov]s ,reboll$o1 ! *ief ( ! co9]s1 & two ( 8 comrades1 ) 8 trunk 9 _! possession1 ! cont5ts ( :i* !y proce$ to exam9e4 ,don ,h5rique conceals himself :ile ,reboll$o is s++ a rollick+ mulete]'s song 7,o'er ,m\nta9 /eep1 ?r\gh ,valley roam+74 ,at its conclusion ,reboll$o1 ab\t to summon ! o!r co9]s to _! secret "w1 discov]s ,don ,h5rique1 & ?9k+ him a spy ru%es ^u him4 ,he is sav$ by ! sudd5 entrance ( ,cat>9a1 ! lead] ( ! gang1 :o tells ! /ory ( h] life 9 a conc]t$ numb] t rem9ds "o v /rik+ly ( ! b&it song 9 ,fra ,diavolo4 ,aft] exam9+ ,don ,h5rique1 &1 to 8 surprise1 %[+ an intimate acqua9tance ) 8 projects1 %e returns him 8 prop]ty1 & all[s him to dep>t on condition t he %all n speak ( :at he has se5 = a ye>4 ,he cons5ts2 & !n foll[s ano!r ( ! conc]t$ numb]s 9 :i* ?is op]a ab\nds1 & 9 :i* occurs a *>m+ rondo 7,! ,"y ,p$rillo71 accompani$ by a weird1 clang+ *orus4 ,be=e he c effect 8 dep>ture ! gang f9d t !y are surr\nd$ by troops l$ by ,don ,seba/ian1 a fri5d ( ,don ,h5rique4 ,! co9]s1 9 company ) ! latt]1 h[ev]1 make _! escape 9 ! disguise ( monks on _! way to ! neighbor+ mona/]y1 s++ a lugubri\s *orus 7,unto ! ,h]mit ( ! ,*apel71 :ile ,cat>9a & ,reboll$o elude ! soldi]s by tak+ a subt]ranean passage1 c>ry+ ) !m a casket conta9+ "s my/]i\s jewels4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! ,*ateau de ,coimbra1 & discov]s ! ,c\nt1 ,don ,h5rique1 ,don ,seba/ian1 & ,diana4 ,! fir/ sc5e reveals to u t ,don ,h5rique is 9 love ) ! my/]i\s ,cat>9a1 & t ,diana is 9 love ) ,don ,seba/ian4 ,9 a sportive mood ,diana reque/s ,don ,h5rique to s+ ) h]1 & *ooses a nocturne call$ ,! ,brig&1 :i* closes 9 gay bol]o "t 7,9 ! ,deep ,rav9e ( ! ,=e/74 ,z !y are s++ x1 ,don ,seba/ian ann\nces t a c>riage has be5 ov]turn$ & its occupants desire %elt]4 ,z ! duet proce$s1 ,cat>9a & ,reboll$o ent]1 & a v flurri$ qu9tet 7,oh1 ,surprise unexpect$67 occurs1 lead+ up to an ensemble full ( humor1 ) a repetition ( ! brig& song1 ?is "t by ,cat>9a & ,diana1 & clos+ ) a bravura aria sung by ,cat>9a 7,love6 at once ,i break ?y ,fett]s74 ,cat>9a & ,reboll$o accept ! pr(f]$ hospitality1 b ! latt] quietly makes 8 exit :5 ,diana beg9s to read an acc\nt ( a robb]y :i* conta9s a description ( himself & 8 companion4 ,cat>9a rema9s1 h[ev]1 9 spite ( ,don ,h5rique's w>n+ t %e is 9 ! h\se ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,police4 ,9 a mom5t ( passion he decl>es 8 love = h] & begs h] to fly ) him4 ,%e decl9es 8 pr(f]1 b gives him a r+ z a s\v5ir4 ,a pretty little duet 7,if ,i c\ld b ,c\rage feel7 ensues betwe5 ,diana & ,don ,h5rique1 9 :i* %e g5tly taunts him ) 8 inatt5tion to h] & 8 sudd5 int]e/ 9 ! h&some /rang]4 ,at ?is juncture ! ,c\nt ent]s 9 wild excitem5t ov] ! ann\ncem5t t ! cr[n jewels h be5 /ol54 ,don ,h5rique's r+ is recogniz$ z "o ( !m1 & 9 ! excitem5t :i* ensues1 ,cat>9a f9ds h]self 9 dang] ( discov]y1 f :i* %e is rescu$ by ,diana1 :o promises ,don ,h5rique %e w s5d h] away 9 ! ,c\nt's c>riage if he w agree to refuse to sign ! m>riage contract4 ,he cons5ts1 & %e dep>ts ^u h] err&4 ,at ?is po9t 9 ! sc5e ,don ,h5rique s+s ! beautiful ballad1 ,oh1 :isp] :at ?\ feele/6 orig9ally writt5 = ,mr4 ,h>rison4 ,?is song leads up to a /irr+ f9ale1 9 :i* ,don ,h5rique refuses to sign ! contract & ,cat>9a makes h] escape4 ,! la/ act op5s 9 ! ant]oom ( ! royal palace at ,lisbon1 :]e ,diana is wait+ = an audi5ce ) ! ,que54 ,%e s+s ano!r int]polat$ air1 orig9ally writt5 = ,l\isa ,pyne 7,:5 ,d\bt ! tortur$ ,frame is r5d+71 & at its close ! ,c\nt1 ,don ,h5rique1 & ,don ,seba/ian ent]4 ,:ile !y are conv]s+1 ,reboll$o appe>s1 ann\nc$ z ! ,c\nt ,fu5tes1 & a qu9tet occurs1 v slightly con/ruct$1 b full ( humor4 ,an u%] int]rupts x by ann\nc+ ! ,que5 w h a private audi5ce ) ! ,c\nt ,fu5tes4 ,:ile await+ h]1 ! latt]1 9 a monologue1 lets u into ! secret t ! real cr[n jewels h be5 pl$g$ = ! national debt1 & t he has be5 employ$ to make duplicates ( !m to be worn on /ate occasions until ! real ones c be r$eem$4 ,! ,que5 ent]s1 & expresses h] satisfaction ) ! "w1 & promotes him to ! position ( ,m9i/] ( ,secret ,police4 ,on 8 dep>ture %e s+s a *>m+ cavat9a 7,love1 dwell ) me71 & at its close ,c\nt de ,campo ,mayor ent]s ) ! decision ( ! ,c\ncil t %e %all w$ ! ,pr9ce ( ,spa94 ,%e returns answ] t %e %all make h] own *oice4 ,! ,c\nt seeks to argue ) h]1 :5 %e ?reat5s to confiscate 8 e/ate = all[+ ! cr[n jewels to be /ol51 & comm&s him to arre/ 8 daught] & nephew = h>bor+ ! ?ieves4 ,diana sudd5ly ent]s1 & an amus+ trio ensues1 ! ,que5 /&+ ) h] back to ,diana le/ %e may be discov]$4 ,! latt] fails to recognize h] z ,cat>9a1 & implores p>don = assi/+ 9 h] escape4 ,! situation is /ill fur!r complicat$ by ! appe>ance ( ,don ,h5rique1 :o has no difficulty 9 recogniz+ ,cat>9a4 ,bewild]$ at h] pres5ce 9 ! ,que5's ap>tm5ts1 he decl>es to ,diana t he w seize h] & fly to "s di/ant l&4 ,8 ra% resolution1 h[ev]1 is ?w>t$ by 8 arre/1 on ! au?ority ( ! ,que51 = treason4 ,a m>tial f9ale introduces u to ! ,que5 9 /ate4 ,don ,h5rique ru%es =w>d to implore m]cy = ,cat>9a4 ,! ,que5 reveals h]self at la/1 & ann\nces to h] p t %e has *os5 ,don ,h5rique1 :o has lov$ h] = h]self1 = h] husb& & _! k+4 ,& ?us closes "o ( ! mo/ sp>kl+1 melodi\s1 & humor\s ( ,aub]'s works4 ,:at ! conc]t$ numb]s lack 9 solidity ( con/ruction is comp5sat$ = by _! grace & sweetness4 ,,balfe4 ,mi*ael ,william ,balfe 0 born at ,dubl91 ,irel&1 ,may #ae1 #ahjh4 ,( all ! ,engli% op]a-compos]s1 8 c>e] 0 ! mo/ v]satile1 z 8 success1 = a "t at lea/1 0 ! mo/ rem>kable4 ,at sev5 ye>s ( age he scor$ a polacca ( 8 own = a b&4 ,9 8 eigh? ye> he appe>$ z a viol9i/1 & 9 8 t5? 0 compos+ ballads4 ,at sixte5 he 0 play+ 9 ! ,drury ,lane or*e/ra1 & ab\t ?is "t began tak+ lessons 9 composition4 ,9 #ahbe1 aid$ by ! g5]osity ( a patron1 he w5t to ,italy1 :]e = ?ree ye>s he /udi$ s++ & c\nt]po9t4 ,9 8 tw5tie? ye> he met ,ross9i1 :o (f]$ him an engagem5t z fir/ b>ytone at ! ,italian ,op]a 9 ,p>is4 ,he made 8 debut ) success 9 #ahbh1 & at ! close ( 8 engagem5t return$ to ,italy1 :]e he appe>$ aga9 on ! /age4 ,ab\t ?is "t 7#ahbi-ahcj7 he began writ+ ,italian op]as1 & be=e he left ,italy _h produc$ ?ree :i* met ) consid]able success4 ,9 #ahce he return$ to ,engl&2 & x 0 9 ?is ye> t 8 fir/ ,engli% op]a1 ! ,siege ( ,ro*elle1 0 produc$4 ,x 0 play$ cont9u\sly at ,drury ,lane = ov] ?ree mon?s4 ,9 #ahcf appe>$ 8 ,maid ( ,artois2 9 #ahcg1 ,ca?>9e ,grey & ,joan ( ,arc2 & 9 #ahch1 ,fal/aff4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s he 0 /ill s++ 9 conc]ts & op]a1 & 9 #ahdj appe>$ z manag] ( ! ,lyceum4 ,8 f9e/ works 7 produc$ aft] ?is date1--,! ,bohemian ,girl 9 #ahdc2 ,! ,en*antress 9 #ahdd2 ,! ,rose ( ,ca/ile1 ,la ,z+>a1 & ,satanella 9 #aheh1 & ,! ,puritan's ,daught] 9 #ahfa4 ,8 la/ op]a 0 ,! ,knight ( ! ,leop>d1 kn[n 9 ,italian z ,il ,talismano1 :i* has also be5 produc$ 9 ,engli% z ,! ,talisman4 ,he m>ri$ ,mlle4 ,ros51 a ,g]man s+]1 :om he met 9 ,italy 9 #ahce2 & 8 daught] ,victoire1 :o subsequ5tly m>ri$ ,sir ,john ,crampton1 & aft]w>ds ! ,duc de ,frias1 also appe>$ z a s+] 9 #ahef4 ,balfe di$ ,oct4 #bj1 #ahgj1 ^u 8 own e/ate 9 ,h]t=d%ire4 ,! analysis ( 8 ?ree op]as :i* are be/ kn[n--,! ,bohemian ,girl1 ,rose ( ,ca/ile1 & ,puritan's ,daught]--w conta9 suffici5t ref]5ce to 8 ability z a compos]4 ,,! ,,bohemian ,,girl4 ,! ,bohemian ,girl1 gr& op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,bunn1 adapt$ f ,/4 ,george's ballet ( ,! ,gypsy1 :i* appe>$ at ! ,p>is ,gr& ,op]a 9 #ahci1--;itself tak5 f a romance by ,c]vantes1--0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,london1 ,nov4 #bg1 #ahdc1 at ,drury ,lane1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,arl9e ,miss ,,rom]4 ,,?addeus ,mr4 ,,h>rison4 ,,gypsy ,,que5 ,miss ,,betts4 ,,devil%o( ,mr4 ,,/retton4 ,,c\nt ,,arnheim ,mr4 ,,borrani4 ,,flore/e9 ,mr4 ,,durnset4 ,! fame ( ,! ,bohemian ,girl 0 n conf9$ to ,engl&4 ,x 0 translat$ into v>i\s ,european languages1 & 0 "o ( ! few ,engli% op]as :i* secur$ a favorable he>+ ev5 9 critical ,g]many4 ,9 its ,italian =m x 0 produc$ at ,drury ,lane z ,la ,z+>a1 ,feb4 #f1 #aheh1 ) ,mlle4 ,piccolom9i z ,arl9e2 & also _h ! honor ( be+ select$ = ! /ate p]=mance connect$ ) ! m>riage ( ! ,pr9cess ,royal4 ,! ,fr5* v]sion1 "u ! "n ( ,la ,bohemi5ne1 = :i* ,balfe add$ sev]al numb]s1 besides enl>g+ x to five acts1 0 produc$ at ! ,!atre ,lyrique1 ,p>is1 9 ,decemb]1 #ahfi1 & ga9$ = him ! ,cross ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,au/ria1 & ! fir/ act introduces u to ! *ateau & gr\nds ( ,c\nt ,arnheim1 ,gov]nor ( ,presburg1 ^: reta9]s are prep>+ = ! *ase4 ,aft] a %ort *orus ! ,c\nt ent]s ) 8 little daught] ,arl9e & 8 nephew ,flore/e94 ,! ,c\nt s+s a %ort solo 7,a ,soldi]'s ,life71 & z ! *oral response by 8 reta9]s & hunt]s dies away & !y leave ! sc5e1 ,?addeus1 a ,poli% exile & fugitive1 ru%es 9 excit$ly1 seek+ to escape ! ,au/rian soldi]s4 ,8 op5+ numb] is a v pa!tic song 7',tis sad to leave y\r ,fa!rl&74 ,at ! end ( ! song a troop ( gypsies ent]1 head$ by ,devil%o(1 s++ a bli! *orus 7,9 ! ,gypsy's ,life y may read74 ,he he>s ,?addeus's /ory & induces him to jo9 !m4 ,be=e ! animat$ /ra9s fairly cease1 ,flore/e9 & "s ( ! hunt]s da% across ! gr\nds 9 que/ ( ,arl9e1 :o has be5 attack$ by a /ag4 ,?addeus1 seiz+ a rifle1 jo9s !m1 & rescues ! *ild by kill+ ! animal4 ,! ,c\nt ov]:elms him ) gratitude1 & urges him to jo9 9 ! com+ fe/ivities4 ,he cons5ts1 & at ! banquet produces a commotion by refus+ to dr9k ! heal? ( ! ,emp]or4 ,! soldi]s are ab\t to ru% ^u him1 :5 ,devil%o( int]f]es4 ,! gypsy is arre/$ = 8 tem]ity1 & tak5 into ! ca/le4 ,?addeus dep>ts & ! fe/ivities are resum$1 b are spe$ily int]rupt$ aga9 by ! escape ( ,devil%o(1 :o takes ,arl9e ) him4 ,! f9ale ( ! act is v /irr+1 & conta9s "o numb]1 a pray] 7,?\ :o 9 ,might supreme71 :i* is extremely effective4 ,twelve ye>s elapse betwe5 ! fir/ & second acts1 & dur+ ?is "t ,c\nt ,arnheim has receiv$ no tid+s ( ,arl9e1 & has giv5 h] up z lo/ =ev]4 ,! act op5s 9 ! gypsy camp 9 ! suburbs ( ,presburg4 ,arl9e is se5 asleep 9 ! t5t ( ! ,que51 ) ,?addeus wat*+ h]4 ,aft] a qua9t little *orus 7,sil5ce1 sil5ce1 ! ,lady ,moon7 sung by ! gypsies1 !y dep>t 9 que/ ( plund]1 head$ by ,devil%o(1 & soon f9d _! victim 9 ! p]son ( ! foppi% & half-drunk5 ,flore/e91 :o is return+ f a revel4 ,he is spe$ily reliev$ ( 8 jewelry1 among :i* is a m$allion1 :i* is c>ri$ (f by ,devil%o(4 ,z ! gypsies disappe>1 ,arl9e wakes & relates h] dream to ,?addeus 9 a joy\s song 7,i dream$ ,i dwelt 9 ,m>ble ,halls71 :i* has become "o ( ! _w's favorites4 ,at ! close ( ! ballad ,?addeus tells h] ! mean+ ( ! sc> ^u h] arm1 & reveals himself z h] rescu]1 b does n disclose to h] ! my/]y ( h] bir?4 ,! musical dialogue1 ) its ensemble1 ,! ,secret ( h] ,bir?1 w nev] lose its *>m4 ,?addeus decl>es 8 love = h] j z ! ,que51 :o is also 9 love ) ,?addeus1 ent]s4 ,arl9e also confesses h] love = ,?addeus1 &1 accord+ to ! cu/oms ( ! tribe1 ! ,que5 unites !m1 at ! same "t v[+ v5geance aga9/ ! pair4 ,! sc5e n[ *anges to a /reet 9 ! city4 ,a great fair is 9 progress1 & ! gypsies1 z usual1 resort to x4 ,arl9e ent]s at _! head1 joy\sly s++1 to ! accompanim5t ( ! rattl+ ca/anets1 ,come ) ! ,gypsy ,bride2 h] companions1 bli!ly tripp+ along1 respond+ ) ! *orus1 ,9 ! ,gypsy's ,life y may read4 ,!y disappe> d[n ! /reet & reappe> 9 ! public plaza4 ,arl9e1 ! ,que51 ,devil%o(1 & ,?addeus s+ an unaccompani$ qu>tet 7,f ! ,valleys & ,hills71 a numb] :i* = grace & fl[+ h>mony des]ves a place 9 any op]a4 ,z !y m+le among ! p an alt]cation occurs betwe5 ,arl9e & ,flore/e91 :o has attempt$ to insult h]4 ,! ,que5 recognizes ,flore/e9 z ! own] ( ! m$allion1 & = h] c\rage 9 res5t+ ! insult malici\sly pres5ts ,arl9e ) x4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds he obs]ves ! m$allion on ,arl9e's neck1 & has h] arre/$ = !ft4 ,! next sc5e op5s 9 ! hall ( ju/ice4 ,c\nt ,arnheim ent]s ) a sad c\nt5ance1 & z he obs]ves ,arl9e's portrait1 gives v5t to 8 sorr[ 9 t well-kn[n melan*oly rev]ie1 ,! ,he>t b[$ d[n1 :i* has become fam\s ! _w ov]4 ,arl9e is br\ght be=e him = trial4 ,z x progresses he obs]ves ! sc> ^u h] arm & asks its cause4 ,%e tells ! /ory :i* ,?addeus _h told h]1 & ?is solves ! my/]y4 ,! ,c\nt recognizes 8 daught]1 & ! act closes ) a beautiful ensemble 7,prais$ be ! ,w ( ,heav574 ,! la/ act op5s 9 ! salon ( ,c\nt ,arnheim4 ,arl9e is re/or$ to h] old position1 b h] love = ,?addeus rema9s4 ,he f9ds an opportunity to h a meet+ ) h]1 ?r\gh ! cunn+ ( ,devil%o(1 :o accompanies him4 ,he once m tells 8 love 9 t t5d] & impassion$ song1 ,:5 o!r ,lips & o!r ,he>ts1 & %e promises to be fai?ful to him4 ,z ! s\nd ( approa*+ /eps is he>d1 ,?addeus & 8 companion conceal !mselves4 ,a l>ge company ent]1 & ,arl9e is pres5t$ to !m4 ,dur+ ! c]emony a closely veil$ woman appe>s1 & :5 que/ion$ discov]s h]self z ! ,gypsy ,que54 ,%e reveals ! hid+-place ( h] companions1 & ,?addeus is dragg$ =? & ord]$ to leave ! h\se4 ,arl9e decl>es h] love = him1 & h] int5tion to g ) him4 ,%e implores h] fa!r to rel5t4 ,?addeus av[s 8 noble desc5t1 & boa/s 8 ance/ry & de$s 9 battle 9 t /irr+ m>tial song1 ,:5 ! ,fair ,l& ( ,pol&4 ,! ,c\nt f9ally yields & gives 8 daught] to ,?addeus4 ,! ,que51 fill$ ) rage & despair1 induces "o ( ! tribe to fire at him z he is embrac+ ,arl9e2 b by a timely movem5t ( ,devil%o( ! bullet int5d$ = ,?addeus pi]ces ! brea/ ( ! ,que54 ,z ! curta9 falls1 ! old song ( ! gypsies is he>d aga9 z !y disappe> 9 ! di/ance ) ,devil%o( at _! head4 ,_m ( ! op]as ( ,balfe1 l o!r ballad op]as1 h become unfa%ionable2 b x is d\btful :e!r ,! ,bohemian ,girl w ev] lose its attraction = ^? :o delight 9 song-melody1 *>m+ or*e/ration1 & sp>kl+1 animat$ *oruses4 ,x leap$ into popul>ity at a b\nd1 & its pretty melodies are /ill z fre% z :5 !y 7 fir/ sung4 ,,! ,,rose ,,( ,,ca/ile4 ,! ,rose ( ,ca/ile1 comic op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,h>ris & ,falcon]1 adapt$ f ,adolphe ,adam's ,muleti] de ,tol$e1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,lyceum ,!atre1 ,london1 ,oct4 #bi1 #aheg1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,elvira ,miss ,,l\isa ,,pyne4 ,,manuel ,w4,h4 ,,h>rison4 ,,c>m5 ,miss ,,susan ,,pyne4 ,,don ,,p$ro ,mr4 ,,weiss4 ,,don ,,sallu/ ,mr4 ,,/4 ,,albyn4 ,,don ,,florio ,mr4 ,,honey4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,spa94 ,elvira1 ! ,rose ( ,ca/ile1 ,que5 ( ,leon1 has j asc5d$ ! ?rone1 & h] h& has be5 dem&$ by ! ,k+ ( ,ca/ile = 8 bro!r1 ,don ,seba/ian ! ,infant4 ,hav+ le>n$ t ! latt] is ab\t to ent] h] dom9ions disguis$ z a mulete]1 ! bett] to satisfy 8 curiosity ab\t h]1 %e adopts ! same exp$i5t1 & sets out to int]cept him1 disguis$ z a peasant girl1 tak+ ) h] "o ( h] att5dants4 ,! fir/ act op5s ^u a rural sc5e 9 front ( a posada1 :]e ! peasants are danc+ & s++ a lively *orus 7,li/ to ! gay ,ca/anet74 ,elvira & ,c>m51 h] att5dant1 ent] ^u ! sc5e1 & are ask$ to jo9 9 ! dance1 b in/ead1 ,elvira delights !m ) a song1 a vocal s*]zo 7,yes1 ,i'll obey y74 ,! innkeep] is rude to !m1 b !y are protect$ f 8 co>s5ess by ,manuel1 ! mulete]1 :o sudd5ly appe>s & s+s a rollick+ song 7,i am a simple ,mulete]7 to ! accompanim5t ( a tamb\r9e & ! snapp+s ( 8 :ip4 ,a dialogue duet foll[s1 9 :i* %e accepts 8 protection & escort4 ,%e has already recogniz$ ! ,infant1 & he has fulfill$ ! motive ( ! /ory by fall+ 9 love ) h]4 ,at ?is po9t ! ?ree conspirators1 ,don ,p$ro1 ,don ,sallu/1 & ,don ,florio1 ent]1 ! fir/ ( :om has designs on ! ?rone4 ,!y indulge 9 a buffo trio1 :i* develops into a spirit$ bac*anal 7,w9e1 ,w9e1 ! ,magician ?\ art674 ,obs]v+ ,elvira's lik5ess to ! ,que51 !y p]suade h] to p]sonate h] ,maje/y4 ,%e cons5ts ) feign$ reluctance1 & aft] accept+ _! escort 9 place ( ,manuel's1 be+ sure t he w foll[1 %e s+s a qua9t rondo 7,oh1 7 ,i ! ,que5 ( ,spa9671 & ! act closes ) a conc]t$ numb] accompany+ _! dep>ture4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! ?rone-room ( ! palace1 & is introduc$ by a v expressive conspirators' *orus 7,! ,que5 9 ! ,palace72 aft] :i* ,don ,p$ro ent]s & gives expression to ! unc]ta9ty ( 8 s*emes 9 a ballad 7,?\gh ,=tune d>kly o'er me fr[ns7 :i* rem9ds "o v =cibly ( ,! ,he>t b[$ d[n1 9 ,! ,bohemian ,girl4 ,! ,que51 :o has elud$ ! surveillance ( ! conspirators1 makes h] appe>ance1 surr\nd$ by h] att5dants1 & s+s t exquisite ballad1 ,! ,conv5t ,cell 7,( ,girlhood's happy ,days ,i dream71 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful songs ev] writt5 by any compos]1 & c]ta9ly ,balfe's mo/ popul> inspiration4 ,at ! close ( ! ballad ,manuel appe>s1 & is grant$ an audi5ce1 9 :i* he in=ms h] ( ! meet+ ) ! peasant girl & boy1 & decl>es 8 belief t !y 7 ! ,que5 & ,c>m54 ,%e ridicules ! /atem5t1 & a v funny trio buffo ensues 7,i'm n ! ,que51 ha1 ha674 ,he !n in=ms h] ( ! conspirators' plot to imprison h]1 b %e ?w>ts x by induc+ a silly & pomp\s old ,du*ess to assume ! role ( ,que5 = ! day1 & ride to ! palace closely veil$ 9 ! royal c>riage4 ,! plot succe$s1 & ! ,du*ess is seiz$ & convey$ to a conv5t4 ,9 ! next sc5e !re is ano!r spirit$ buffo numb]1 9 :i* ,don ,p$ro & ,don ,florio are m\rn+ ov] ! loss ( _! peasant girl1 :51 greatly to _! relief1 %e ent]s aga91 s++ a v qua9t & *>act]i/ic sc5a 7,i'm b a simple ,peasant ,maid71 :i* r\ses ! suspicions ( ! conspirators4 ,!y are all ! m p]plex$ :5 ! ,que5 ann\nces h]self1 & decl>es h] int5tion ( m>ry+ ! mulete]4 ,! la/ act op5s ) a song by ,c>m5 7,?\gh ,love's ! greate/ ,plague 9 ,life71 :i* falls f> bel[ ! excell5ce ( ! o!r songs 9 ! "w4 ,x is foll[$ by a buffo duet betwe5 ,c>m5 & ,florio1 :o agree to m>ry4 ,! ,que5 & ladies ent]1 & ! =m] s+s a bravura air 7,oh1 joy\s1 happy ,day671 :i* 0 int5d$ by ! compos] to %[ ,miss ,pyne's vocal ability4 ,at ?is po9t a message is br\ght h] f ,don ,seba/ian1 ann\nc+ 8 m>riage4 ,enrag$ at ! discov]y t ! mulete] is n ,don ,seba/ian1 %e sev]ely upbraids him1 & he replies 9 ano!r exquisite ballad 7',twas ,rank & ,fame t tempt$ !e74 ,at its close %e once m decl>es %e w be true to ! mulete]4 ,don ,p$ro is delight$ at ! app>5t success ( 8 s*eme1 z he believes he c =ce h] to abdicate if %e m>ries a mulete]1 & gives v5t to 8 joy 9 a m>tial song 7,h>k6 h>k6 me?9ks ,i he>74 ,! la/ sc5e is 9 ! ?rone-room1 :]e ,manuel ann\nces he is k+ ( ,ca/ile1 & m\nts ! ?rone s++ a /irr+ song closely resembl+1 9 its /yle1 ! ,fair ,l& ( ,pol&1 9 ,! ,bohemian ,girl4 ,elvira expresses h] delight 9 a bravura air 7,oh1 no6 by ,=tune bless$71 & ! curta9 falls4 ,! /ory ( ! op]a is v complicat$1 & sometimes tiresome2 b ! music is well su/a9$ ?r\gh\t1 especially ! buffo numb]s1 :ile "s ( ! ballads are among ! be/ ev] writt5 by an ,engli% compos]4 ,,bee?ov54 ,ludwig ,von ,bee?ov51 ! greate/ ( compos]s1 0 born ,dec4 #ag1 #aggj1 at ,bonn1 ,g]many1 8 fa!r be+ a c\rt s+] 9 ! *apel ( ! ,elector ( ,cologne4 ,he /udi$ 9 ,vi5na ) ,haydn1 ) :om he did n always agree1 h[ev]1 & aft]w>ds ) ,albre*tsb]g]4 ,8 fir/ symphony appe>$ 9 #ahja1 8 e>li] symphonies1 9 :at is call$ 8 fir/ p]iod1 be+ writt5 9 ! ,moz>t /yle4 ,8 only op]a1 ,fidelio1 = :i* he wrote f\r ov]tures1 0 fir/ br\ght out 9 ,vi5na 9 #ahje2 8 oratorio1 ,*ri/ on ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 9 #ahab2 & 8 colossal ,n9? ,symphony1 ) its *oral sett+ ( ,s*ill]'s ,ode to ,joy1 9 #ahbd4 ,9 addition to 8 symphonies1 8 op]a1 oratorios1 & masses1 & ! immortal gr\p ( sonatas = ! piano1 :i* 7 almo/ revelations 9 music1 he develop$ *amb] music to an ext5t f> beyond t rea*$ by 8 pr$ecessors1 ,haydn & ,moz>t4 ,8 symphonies exhibit surpris+ p[]1 & a m>vell\s compreh5sion ( ! deep] feel+s 9 life & ! influ5ces ( nature1 bo? human & physical4 ,he wrote ) ! deepe/ e>ne/ness1 alike 9 ! passion & ! calm ( 8 music1 & he inve/$ x also ) a g5ial humor z well z ) ! highe/ expression ( pa?os4 ,8 works are epic 9 "*4 ,he 0 ! great tone-poet ( music4 ,8 subjects 7 always l(ty & dignifi$1 & to _! treatm5t he br\ght n only a pr(\nd k ( musical te*nicality1 b int5se sympa?y ) ! inn]mo/ feel+s ( human nature1 = he 0 a humanit>ian 9 ! broade/ s5se4 ,by ! common cons5t ( ! musical _w he /&s at ! head ( all compos]s1 & has always be5 _! guide & inspiration4 ,he di$ ,m>* #bf1 #ahbg1 9 ! mid/ ( a rag+ ?und] /orm1 "o ( 8 late/ utt]ances be+ a recognition ( ! div9e sp>k 9 ,s*ub]t's music4 ,,fidelio4 ,fidelio1 od] die eheli*e ,liebe 7,fidelio1 or ,conjugal ,love71 gr& op]a 9 two acts1 words by ,sonnlei?n]1 translat$ freely f ,b\illy's ,leonore1 ou l',am\r ,conjugal1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,!atre ,an d] ,wi51 ,vi5na1 ,nov4 #bj1 #ahje1 ! "w at t "t be+ 9 ?ree acts4 ,a translation ( ! orig9al programme ( t p]=mance1 ) ! exception ( ! usual price ( admissions1 is app5d$3-- ,imp]ial & ,royal ,!atre ,an d] ,wi54 ,new ,op]a4 ,to-day1 ,w$nesday1 #bj ,novemb]1 #ahje1 at ! ,imp]ial & ,royal ,!atre ,an d] ,wi51 w be giv5 = ! fir/ "t4 ,,fidelio2 ,or1 ,conjugal ,love4 ,op]a 9 ?ree acts1 translat$ freely f ! ,fr5* text by ,,joseph ,,sonnlei?n]4 ,! music is by ,,ludwig ,,von ,,bee?ov54 ,dramatis ,p]sonae4 ,don ,f]n&o1 ,m9i/] ,h]r ,we9k(f4 ,don ,piz>ro1 ,gov]nor ( a ,/ate ,prison ,h]r ,mei]4 ,flore/an1 prison] ,h]r ,demm]4 ,leonora1 8 wife1 "u ! "n ( ,fidelio ,fraeule9 ,mild]4 ,rocco1 *ief jail] ,h]r ,ro!4 ,m>cell9a1 8 daught] ,fraeule9 ,muell]4 ,jaqu9o1 turnkey ,h]r ,ca*e4 ,capta9 ( ! ,gu>d ,h]r ,mei/]4 ,prison]s1 ,gu>ds1 ,p4 ,! action passes 9 a ,/ate prison 9 ,spa91 a few leagues f ,seville4 ,! piece c be procur$ at ! box-(fice = fifte5 kreutz]s4 ,dur+ ?is fir/ season ! op]a 0 p]=m$ ?ree times & !n )drawn4 ,breun+ r$uc$ x to two acts1 & two or ?ree ( ! musical numb]s 7 sacrific$1 & 9 ?is =m x 0 play$ twice at ! ,imp]ial ,private ,!atre & aga9 )drawn4 ,on ^! occasions x _h be5 giv5 "u ,bee?ov5's favorite title1 ,leonore4 ,9 #ahad ,treits*ke revis$ x1 & x 0 produc$ at ! ,ka]n?n]?or ,!atre1 ,vi5na1 ,may #bc1 ( t ye>1 z ,fidelio1 :i* title x has ev] s9ce reta9$4 ,its fir/ p]=mance 9 ,p>is 0 at ! ,!atre ,lyrique1 ,may #e1 #ahfj2 9 ,london1 at ! ,k+'s ,!atre1 ,may #ah1 #ahcb2 & 9 ,engli% at ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,june #ab1 #ahce1 ) ,malibran 9 ! title-role4 ,bee?ov5 wrote f\r ov]tures = ?is great "w4 ,! fir/ 0 compos$ 9 #ahje1 ! second 9 #ahjf1 ! ?ird 9 #ahjg1 & ! f\r? 9 #ahad4 ,x is curi\s t !re has always be5 a confusion 9 _! numb]+1 & ! error rema9s to ?is day4 ,:at is call$ ,no4 #a is 9 reality ,no4 #c1 & 0 compos$ = a p]=mance ( ! op]a at ,prague1 ! previ\s ov]ture hav+ be5 too difficult = ! /r+s4 ,! spl5did ,leonora1 ,no4 #c1 is 9 reality ,no4 #b1 & ! ,no4 #b is ,no4 #a4 ,! f\r?1 or ! ,fidelio ov]ture1 conta9s a new set ( !mes1 b ! ,leonora is ! gr&e/ ( !m all4 ,! entire action ( ! op]a transpires 9 a ,spani% prison1 ( :i* ,don ,piz>ro is gov]nor & ,rocco ! jail]4 ,! port] ( ! prison is ,jacqu9o1 :o is 9 love ) ,m>cell9a1 daught] ( ,rocco1 & %e 9 turn is 9 love ) ,fidelio1 ,rocco's assi/ant1 :o has assum$ male disguise ! bett] to assi/ h] 9 h] plans = ! rescue ( h] husb&1 ,flore/an1 a ,spani% nobleman4 ,! latt]1 :o is ! victim ( ,don ,piz>ro's hatr$ because he _h ?w>t$ "s ( 8 evil designs1 has be5 imprison$ by him unkn[n to ! _w1 & is sl[ly />v+ to dea?4 ,leonora1 8 wife1 :o 9 "s way has discov]$ t h] husb& is 9 ! prison1 has obta9$ employm5t ( ,rocco1 disguis$ z ! "y man ,fidelio4 ,! op]a op5s ) a *>m+1 playful love-sc5e betwe5 ,jacqu9o & ,m>cell9a1 :om ! =m] is teas+ to m>ry him4 ,%e puts him (f1 & z he sorr[fully dep>ts1 s+s ! ,hope aria1 ,die ,h(fnung1 a fre%1 smoo?ly fl[+ melody1 9 :i* %e pictures ! delight ( a life ) ,fidelio4 ,at its close ,rocco ent]s ) ! despond5t ,jacqu9o1 %ortly foll[$ by ,fidelio1 :o is v mu* fatigu$4 ,! love-episode is br\ght out 9 ! fam\s canon qu>tet1 ,mir i/ s wund]b>1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & re/ful numb]s 9 ! op]a4 ,rocco promises ,m>cell9a's h& to ,fidelio z ! rew>d ( h] fidelity1 b 9 ! *>act]i/ic & sonor\s ,gold song1 ,hat man ni*t au* ,geld daneb51 rem9ds !m t money z well z love is necess>y to h\sekeep+4 ,9 ! next sc5e1 :ile ,don ,piz>ro is giv+ in/ructions to ,rocco1 a packet ( lett]s is deliv]$ to him1 "o ( :i* in=ms him t ,don ,f]n&o is com+ ! next day to inspect ! prison1 z he has be5 in=m$ t x conta9s sev]al victims ( arbitr>y p[]4 ,he at once det]m9es t ,flore/an %all die1 & gives v5t to 8 wra? 9 a furi\s dramatic aria 7,ha6 wel* e9 ,aug5blick674 ,he attempts to bribe ,rocco to aid him4 ,! jail] at fir/ refuses1 b subsequ5tly1 aft] a /ormy duet1 cons5ts to dig ! grave4 ,fidelio has ov]he>d ! s*eme1 &1 z !y disappe>1 ru%es =w>d & s+s ! great aria1 ,abs*euli*]6 "o ( ! gr&e/ & mo/ impassion$ illu/rations ( dramatic int5sity 9 ! :ole realm ( music4 ,! recitative expresses int5se horror at ! int5d$ murd]1 !n subsides into pite\s sorr[1 & at la/ breaks out into ! glori\s adagio1 ,komm ,h(fnung1 9 :i* %e s+s ( ! immortal p[] ( love4 ,! la/ sc5e ( ! act introduces ! /rong *orus ( ! prison]s z !y come out 9 ! y>d = air & sunlight1 aft] :i* ,rocco relates to ,fidelio 8 int]view ) ,don ,piz>ro4 ,! latt] ord]s ! jail] to return ! prison]s to _! dungeons & g on ) ! digg+ ( ! grave1 & ! act closes4 ,! second act op5s 9 ,flore/an's dungeon4 ,! prison] s+s an int5sely m\rnful aria 7,9 des ,leb5s ,fruehl+/ag571 :i* has a raptur\s f9ale 7,und spu]' ,i* ni*t l9de71 z he sees 8 wife 9 a vision4 ,rocco & ,fidelio ent] & beg9 digg+ ! grave1 to ! accompanim5t ( sepul*ral music4 ,%e discov]s t ,flore/an has sunk back exhau/$1 & z %e re/ores him recognizes h] husb&4 ,don ,piz>ro ent]s1 & aft] ord]+ ,fidelio away1 :o mean:ile conceals h]self1 attempts to /ab ,flore/an4 ,fidelio1 :o has be5 closely wat*+ him1 spr+s =w>d ) a %riek1 & int]poses h]self betwe5 him & h] husb&4 ,he once m advances to c>ry out 8 purpose1 :5 ,fidelio draws a pi/ol & defies him4 ,z %e does s1 ! s\nd ( a trumpet is he>d outside ann\nc+ ! arrival ( ,don ,f]n&o4 ,don ,piz>ro ru%es out 9 despair1 & ,flore/an & ,leonora1 no long] ,fidelio1 jo9 9 a duet 7,o ,nam5lose ,freude7 :i* is ! v ec/asy ( happ9ess4 ,9 ! la/ sc5e ,don ,f]n&o sets ! prison]s free 9 ! "n ( ! k+1 & among !m ,flore/an4 ,piz>ro is reveal$ 9 8 true "*1 & is l$ away to puni%m5t4 ,! happy pair are reunit$1 & ,m>cell9a1 to ,jacqu9o's delight1 cons5ts to m>ry him4 ,! act closes ) a g5]al song ( jubilee4 ,z a drama & z an op]a ,fidelio /&s almo/ alone 9 its p]fect purity1 9 ! moral gr&eur ( its subject1 & 9 ! respl5d5t ideality ( its music4 ,,bell9i4 ,v9c5zo ,bell9i 0 born ,nov4 #c1 #ahjb1 at ,catania1 ,sicily1 & came ( musical p>5tage4 ,by ! g5]osity ( a patron he 0 s5t to ,naples1 & /udi$ at ! ,cons]vatory "u ,z+>elli4 ,8 fir/ op]a 0 ,adelson e ,salv9o1 & its rem>kable m]it secur$ him a commission f ! manag]1 ,b>baja1 = an op]a = ,san ,c>lo4 ,! result 0 8 fir/ important "w1 ,bianca e ,f]n&o1 writt5 9 #ahbf4 ,its success 0 mod]ate2 b he 0 s enc\rag$ t he at once w5t to ,milan & wrote ,il ,pirata1 ! t5or "p = ,rub9i4 ,its success 0 extraord9>y1 & ! manag]s ( ,la ,scala commission$ him = ano!r "w4 ,9 #ahbh ,la ,/rani]a appe>$1 quickly foll[$ by ,zaira 7#ahbi71 :i* fail$ at ,p>ma1 & ,i ,capuletti ed i ,montec*i1 a v]sion ( ,romeo & ,juliet1 :i* made a great success at ,v5ice 9 #ahcj4 ,a ye> lat] he compos$ ,la ,sonnambula1 unque/ionably 8 be/ "w1 = ,la ,scala1 & x spe$ily made ! t\r ( ,europe1 & ga9$ = him an ext5d$ reputation4 ,a ye> aft] its appe>ance he a/oni%$ ! musical _w ) ,norma1 writt51 l ,sonnambula1 = ,mme4 ,pa/a4 ,^! are 8 greate/ works4 ,norma 0 foll[$ by ,beatrice di ,t5da1 & ?is by ,i ,puritani1 8 la/ op]a1 writt5 9 ,p>is = ! f\r great arti/s1 ,grisi1 ,rub9i1 ,tambur9i1 & ,labla*e4 ,bell9i di$ ,sept4 #bc1 #ahce1 9 ! tw5ty-n9? ye> ( 8 age1 pres]v+ 8 musical en?usiasm to ! v la/4 ,he 0 a close foll[] ( ,ross9i1 & /udi$ 8 music dilig5tly1 & ?\gh )\t a v pr(\nd k ( h>mony or or*e/ration1 succe$$ 9 produc+ at lea/ ?ree works1 ,norma1 ,sonnambula1 & ,i ,puritani1 :i* 7 ! delight ( ! op]a-go]s ( 8 day1 & /ill fre%ly hold ! /age4 ,,norma4 ,norma1 a s]i\s op]a 9 two acts1 words by ,romani1 0 fir/ produc$ dur+ ! season ( ,l5t1 #ahcb1 at ,milan1 ) ! pr9cipal p>ts ca/ z foll[s3-- ,,norma ,mme4 ,,pa/a4 ,,adalgisa ,mme4 ,,grisi4 ,,pollione ,sig4 ,,donzelli4 ,x 0 fir/ he>d 9 ,london 9 #ahcc1 & 9 ,p>is 9 #ahee1 & ,plan*e's ,engli% v]sion ( x 0 produc$ at ,drury ,lane 9 #ahcg4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid among ! ,druids1 9 ,gaul1 aft] its occupation by ! ,roman legions4 ,9 ! fir/ sc5e ! ,druids ent] ) ,oroveso1 _! prie/1 to ! impressive /ra9s ( a religi\s m>* :i* is almo/ z famili> z a h\sehold ^w4 ,! prie/ ann\nces t ,norma1 ! high prie/ess1 w come & cut ! sacr$ bran* & give ! signal = ! expulsion ( ! ,romans4 ,! next sc5e introduces ,pollione1 ! ,roman proconsul1 to :om ,norma1 9 defiance ( h] fai? & traditions1 has b\nd h]self 9 secret m>riage1 & by :om %e has _h two *ildr54 ,9 a *>m+ly melodi\s sc5a 7,meco all' alt> di ,v5]e7 he reveals 8 fai?lessness & guilty love = ,adalgisa1 a "y virg9 ( ! temple1 :o has cons5t$ to ab&on h] religion & fly ) him to ,rome4 ,9 ! f\r? sc5e ,norma ent]s att5d$ by h] prie/esses1 & d5\nces ! ,druids = _! w>like disposition1 decl>+ t ! "t has n yet come = %ak+ (f ! yoke ( ,rome1 & t :5 x does %e w give ! signal f ! alt> ( ! ,druids4 ,aft] cutt+ ! sacr$ mi/letoe1 %e comes =w>d & invokes peace f ! moon 9 t exquisite pray]1 ,ca/a ,diva1 :i* electrifi$ ! _w ) its beauty & t5d]ness1 & /ill holds its place 9 popul> favor1 n alone by ! grace ( its embelli%m5ts1 b by ! pa?os ( its melody4 ,x is foll[$ by ano!r cavat9a ( almo/ equal beauty & t5d]ness 7,ah6 bello a me ritorna74 ,9 ! next sc5e ,adalgisa1 retir+ f ! sacr$ rites1 s+s ( h] love = ,pollione1 & z %e closes is met by ! proconsul1 :o once m urges h] to fly to ,rome ) him4 ,! duet betwe5 !m is "o ( great p[] & beauty1 & conta9s a /rik+ly passionate numb] = ! t5or 7,va1 crudele74 ,oppress$ by h] consci5ce1 %e reveals h] fatal promise to ,norma1 & implores absolution f h] v[s4 ,norma yields to h] entreaties1 b :5 %e inquires ! "n & c\ntry ( h] lov]1 & ,adalgisa po9ts to ,pollione z he ent]s ,norma's sanctu>y1 all ! prie/ess's love turns to wra?4 ,9 ?is sc5e ! duet1 ,p]doni e ti compiango1 is "o ( exce$+ lovel9ess & peculi>ly melodi\s t5d]ness4 ,! act closes ) a t]zetto ( great p[] 7,o6 di qual sei tu71 9 :i* bo? ! prie/ess & ,adalgisa furi\sly d5\nce ! fai?less ,pollione4 ,9 ! mid/ ( _! imprecations ! s\nd ( ! sacr$ %ield is he>d call+ ,norma to ! rites4 ,! second act op5s 9 ,norma's dwell+1 & discov]s h] *ildr5 asleep on a c\*4 ,norma ent]s ) ! purpose ( kill+ !m1 b ! mat]nal in/9ct ov]comes h] v5geful ?\ght t !y are ,pollione's *ildr54 ,adalgisa appe>s1 & ,norma ann\nces h] int5tion to place h] *ildr5 9 ! ,virg9's h&s1 & s5d h] & !m to ,pollione :ile %e expiates h] (f5ce on ! fun]al pyre4 ,adalgisa pleads ) h] n to ab&on ,pollione1 :o w return to h] rep5tant2 & ! mo/ effective numb] 9 ! op]a ensues1--! gr& duet conta9+ two ( ,bell9i's mo/ beautiful inspirations1 ! ,deh6 con te li pr5di1 & ! famili> ,mira1 ,o ,norma1 ^: /ra9s h gone r\nd ! _w & awak5$ univ]sal delight4 ,pollione1 madd5$ by 8 passion = ,adalgisa1 impi\sly attempts to te> h] f ! alt> 9 ! temple ( ,irm9sul1 :]eupon ,norma ent]s ! temple & /rikes ! sacr$ %ield1 summon+ ! ,druids4 ,!y meet1 & %e decl>es ! mean+ ( ! signal is w>1 slaught]1 & de/ruction4 ,%e *ants a magnific5t hymn 7,gu]ra1 gu]ra71 :i* is full ( ! v fury ( battle4 ,pollione1 :o has be5 int]cept$ 9 ! temple1 is br\ght be=e h]4 ,love is /ill /rong] ?an res5tm5t ) h]4 ,9 a v dramatic sc5a 7,9 mia mano alf9 tu sei7 %e in=ms him he is 9 h] p[]1 b %e w let him escape if he w r5\nce ,adalgisa & leave ! c\ntry4 ,he decl>es dea? w\ld be pref]able2 :]eupon %e ?reat5s to d5\nce ,adalgisa4 ,pity ov]comes ang]1 h[ev]4 ,%e snat*es ! sacr$ wrea? f h] br[ & decl>es h]self ! guilty "o4 ,too late ,pollione discov]s ! wor? ( ! woman he has ab&on$1 & a beautiful duet 7,qual cor tradi/i7 =ms ! clos+ numb]4 ,%e asc5ds ! fun]al pyre ) ,pollione1 & 9 its flames !y are purg$ ( e>?ly crime4 ,x is a memorable fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is op]a1 t on its fir/ p]=mance x 0 coldly receiv$1 & ! ,italian critics decl>$ x _h no vitality2 ?\gh no op]a 0 ev] writt5 9 :i* su* int5se dramatic effect has be5 produc$ ) simple melodic =ce1 & no ,italian op]a score to-day is m liv+ or m likely to la/ ?an t ( ,norma4 ,,la ,,sonnambula4 ,la ,sonnambula1 an op]a 9 two acts1 words by ,romani1 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,milan1 ,m>* #f1 #ahca1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,am9a ,mme4 ,,pa/a4 ,,elv9o ,sig4 ,,rub9i4 ,,rodolfo ,sig4 ,,m>iano4 ,,lisa ,mme4 ,,toccani4 ,x 0 br\ght out 9 ! same ye> 9 ,p>is & ,london1 & two ye>s aft] 9 ,engli%1 ) ,malibran z ,am9a4 ,! subject ( ! /ory 0 tak5 f a vaudeville & ballet by ,scribe4 ,! sc5e is laid 9 ,switz]l&4 ,am9a1 an orphan1 ! w>d ( ,t]esa1 ! mill]'s wife1 is ab\t to m>ry ,elv9o1 a well-to-d l&hold] ( ! village4 ,lisa1 mi/ress ( ! inn1 is also 9 love ) ,elv9o1 & jeal\s ( h] rival4 ,alessio1 a peasant lad1 is also 9 love ) ! l&lady4 ,su* is ! /ate ( affairs on ! day be=e ! w$d+4 ,rodolfo1 ! "y "l ( ! village1 next appe>s ^u ! sc5e4 ,he has arriv$ incognito = ! purpose ( look+ up 8 e/ates1 & /ops at ,lisa's inn1 :]e he meets ,am9a4 ,he gives h] _m pretty complim5ts1 mu* to ! dissatisfaction ( ! half-jeal\s ,elv9o1 :o is incl9$ to qu>rel ) ! di/urb] ( 8 peace ( m9d4 ,am9a1 :o is subject to fits ( somnambulism1 has be5 mi/ak5 = a gho/ by ! peasants1 & !y w>n ,rodolfo t ! village is haunt$4 ,! in=mation1 h[ev]1 does n di/urb him1 & he quietly retires to 8 *amb]4 ,! (fici\s ,lisa also ent]s1 & a playful sc5e ( flirtation ensues1 dur+ :i* ,am9a ent]s ! room1 walk+ 9 h] sleep4 ,lisa seeks %elt] 9 a closet4 ,rodolfo1 to escape f ! emb>rassm5t ( ! situation1 leaves ! ap>tm5t1 & ,am9a recl9es ^u ! b$ z if x 7 h] own4 ,! malici\s ,lisa hurries f ! room to in=m ,elv9o ( :at %e has se51 & ?\ghtlessly leaves h] h&k]*ief4 ,elv9o ru%es to ! spot ) o!r villag]s1 & f9d+ ,am9a1 z ,lisa _h describ$1 decl>es t %e is guilty1 & leaves h]4 ,awak5$ by ! noise1 ! un=tunate girl1 realiz+ ! situation1 sorr[fully ?r[s h]self into ,t]esa's arms4 ,! villag]s implore ,rodolfo to acquit ,am9a ( any blame1 & he /\tly prote/s h] innoc5ce2 b x is ( no avail 9 satisfy+ ,elv9o1 :o /raightway (f]s 8 h& to ,lisa4 ,9 ! la/ act ,am9a is se5 /epp+ f ! w9d[ ( ! mill 9 h] sleep4 ,%e crosses a frail bridge :i* yields b5ea? h] weight & ?reat5s to precipitate h] ^u ! :eel bel[2 b %e passes x 9 safety1 desc5ds to ! gr\nd1 & walks into h] lov]'s arms amid ! jubilant songs ( ! villag]s4 ,elv9o is conv9c$ ( h] innoc5ce1 & !y are w$d$ at once1 :ile ! discov]y ( ,lisa's h&k]*ief 9 ,rodolfo's room pron\nces h] ! fai?less "o4 ,su* is ! simple little pa/oral /ory to :i* ,bell9i has set "s ( 8 mo/ beautiful melodies1 ! mo/ /rik+ ( :i* are ! aria1 ,sovra il s51 9 ! ?ird sc5e ( ! fir/ act1 :]e ,am9a decl>es h] happ9ess to ,t]esa2 ! beautiful aria = b>ytone 9 ! six? sc5e1 ,vi ravviso1 descriptive ( ,rodolfo's delight 9 revisit+ ! sc5es ( 8 y\?2 ! playful duet betwe5 ,am9a & ,elv9o1 ,mai piu dubbi6 9 :i* %e rebukes him = 8 jeal\sy2 ! humor\s & v *>act]i/ic *orus ( ! villag]s 9 ! t5? sc5e1 ,oss]vate1 l'uscio e ap]to1 z !y tiptoe into ,rodolfo's ap>tm5t2 ! duet1 ,o mio dolor1 9 ! next sc5e1 9 :i* ,am9a ass]ts h] innoc5ce2 ! aria = t5or 9 ! ?ird sc5e ( ! second act1 ,tutto e sciolto1 9 :i* ,elv9o bemoans 8 sad lot2 & t joy\s ec/atic outbur/ ( birdlike melody1 ,ah6 non giunge1 :i* closes ! op]a4 ,9 fact1 ,sonnambula is s replete ) melodies ( ! pure/ & t5d]e/ k9d1 t x is difficult to specify p>ticul> ones4 ,x is exquisitely idyllic ?r\gh\t1 & ! music is z quiet1 peaceful1 simple1 & t5d] z ! *>m+ pa/oral sc5es x illu/rates4 ,i ,,puritani4 ,i ,puritani di ,scozia1 an op]a 9 two acts1 words by ,c\nt ,pepoli1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,!atre ,itali51 ,p>is1 ,jan4 #be1 #ahce1 & 9 ,london 9 ! foll[+ ,may1 "u ! title ( ,i ,puritani ed i ,cavali]i4 ,! orig9al ca/ 0 z foll[s3-- ,,elvira ,mme4 ,,grisi4 ,,arturo ,sig4 ,,rub9i4 ,,ric>do ,sig4 ,,tambur9i4 ,,giorgio ,sig4 ,,labla*e4 ,?is ca/ 0 "o ( unexampl$ /r5g?1 & 0 long kn[n 9 ,europe z ! ,puritani qu>tet4 ,! /ory ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,engl&1 dur+ ! w> betwe5 ,*>les ,,ii4 & 8 ,p>liam5t1 & ! fir/ sc5e op5s 9 ,plym\?1 !n held by ! p>liam5t>y =ces4 ,! =tress is comm&$ by ,"l ,walton1 ^: daught]1 ,elvira1 is 9 love ) ,"l ,ar?ur ,talbot1 a "y cavali] 9 ! ,k+'s s]vice4 ,h] h& _h previ\sly be5 promis$ to ,sir ,ri*>d ,=?1 ( ! p>liam5t>y army2 b to ! great delight ( ! maid51 ,sir ,george ,walton1 bro!r ( ! comm&]1 br+s h] ! news t h] fa!r has rel5t$1 & t ,ar?ur w be admitt$ into ! =tress t ! nuptials may be celebrat$4 ,h5rietta1 wid[ ( ,*>les ,i41 is at ?is "t a prison] 9 ! =tress1 "u s5t5ce ( dea? pass$ by ,p>liam5t4 ,ar?ur discov]s h] situation1 & by conceal+ h] 9 ,elvira's bridal veil seeks to effect h] escape4 ,on _! way out he enc\nt]s 8 rival2 b ! latt]1 discov]+ t ! veil$ lady is n ,elvira1 all[s !m to pass4 ,! escape is soon discov]$1 & ,elvira1 ?9k+ h] lov] has ab&on$ h]1 loses h] reason4 ,ar?ur is proscrib$ by ! ,p>liam5t & s5t5c$ to dea?2 b ,sir ,ri*>d1 mov$ by ! appeals ( ,sir ,george ,walton1 :o hopes to re/ore 8 niece to reason1 promises to use 8 influ5ce ) ,p>liam5t to save ,ar?ur's life %\ld he be captur$ un>m$4 ,ar?ur mean:ile manages to h an int]view ) ,elvira2 & ! latt]1 ?\gh /ill suff]+ f h] m5tal malady1 li/5s joyfully to 8 explanation ( 8 sudd5 flight4 ,_! int]view is di/urb$ by a p>ty ( ,puritans :o ent] & arre/ him4 ,he is condemn$ to die on ! spot2 b be=e ! s5t5ce c be c>ri$ out1 a mess5g] appe>s ) news ( ! k+'s defeat & ! p>don ( ,ar?ur4 ,! joyful tid+s re/ore ,elvira to reason1 & ! lov]s are unit$4 ,! libretto ( ,i ,puritani is "o ( ! poore/ ev] furni%$ to ,bell9i1 b ! music is "s ( 8 be/4 ,x is replete ) melodies1 :i* are n only fasc9at+ 9 _! orig9al sett+1 b h long be5 favorites on ! conc]t-/age4 ,! op]a is usually p]=m$ 9 ?ree acts1 b 0 writt5 9 two4 ,! prom95t numb]s ( ! fir/ act are ! pa!tic cavat9a = ,ric>do1 ,ah6 p] sempre io ti p]dei1 9 :i* he m\rns ! loss ( ,elvira2 a lovely romanza = t5or 7,a te o c>a72 a brilliant polacca 7,son v]g9 vezzosa7 = ,elvira1 :i* is "o ( ! delights ( all arti/s2 & a conc]t$ f9ale1 brimm+ ov] ) melody & clos+ ) ! /irr+ ana!ma *orus1 ,non casa1 non spiaggia4 ,! fir/ gr& numb] 9 ! second act is ,elvira's mad song1 ,qui la voce1 9 :i* are br\ght out n only t r>e gift = express+ pa?os 9 melody = :i* ,bell9i is s fam\s1 b ! sweete/ ( !mes & mo/ graceful ( embelli%m5ts4 ,! rema9+ numb]s are ,elvira's appeal to h] lov] 7,vi51 diletto71 ! magnific5t duet = basses 7,suoni la tromba71 kn[n z ! ,lib]ty ,duet1 :i* 9 sonor\sness1 maje/y1 & dramatic int5sity h>dly has an equal 9 ! :ole range ( ,italian op]a2 a t5d] & pla9tive romanza = t5or 7,a una fonte aflitto e solo72 a passionate duet = ,ar?ur & ,elvira 7,/> teco ognor72 & an adagio1 sung by ,ar?ur 9 ! f9ale 7,ella e tremante74 ,,bizet4 ,georges ,bizet 0 born at ,p>is1 ,oct4 #be1 #ahch1 & 9 an arti/ic atmosph]e1 z 8 fa!r1 an excell5t tea*]1 0 m>ri$ to a si/] ( ,mme4 ,dels>te1 a tal5t$ piani/1 & 8 uncle1 a musician1 0 ! f\nd] ( ! fam\s ,dels>te sy/em4 ,he /udi$ successively ) ,m>montel & ,b5oi/1 & subsequ5tly took lessons 9 composition f ,halevy1 ^: daught] he aft]w>ds m>ri$4 ,8 fir/ "w 0 an op]etta ( n mu* consequ5ce1 ,docteur ,miracle1 writt5 9 #aheg1 & 9 ! same ye> he took ! ,gr& ,prix de ,rome4 ,on 8 return f ,italy he compos$ ,vasco de ,gama & ,les ,pe*eurs de ,p]les1 nei!r ( :i* met ) mu* success4 ,9 #ahfg ,la ,jolie ,fille de ,p]? appe>$1 & 9 #ahgb1 ,djamileh4 ,dur+ ! int]vals ( ^! l>g] works he wrote ! ,patrie ov]ture & ! int]ludes to ,l',arlesi5ne1 a v poetical score :i* ,!odore ,?omas introduc$ to ?is c\ntry1 & bo? works 7 receiv$ ) en?usiasm4 ,at la/ he 0 to appreciate & enjoy a real dramatic success1 ?\gh x 0 8 la/ "w4 ,c>m5 appe>$ 9 #ahge1 & a*iev$ a magnific5t success at ! ,op]a ,comique4 ,x 0 br\ght out 9 ,m>*1 & 9 ! foll[+ ,june he di$ ( acute he>t-disease4 ,he 0 a v promis+ compos]1 & specially excell$ 9 or*e/ration4 ,dur+ 8 la/ few ye>s he 0 a close /ud5t ( ,wagn]1 ^: influ5ce is app>5t 9 ?is la/ "w ( 8 life4 ,,c>m54 ,c>m51 an op]a 9 f\r acts1 words by ,meilhac & ,halevy1 adapt$ f ,prosp] ,m]imee's romance ( ,c>m51 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,op]a ,comique1 ,p>is1 ,m>* #c1 #ahge1 ) ,mme4 ,galli-,m>ie 9 ! title-role & ,mlle4 ,*apuy z ,mi*aela4 ,! sc5e is laid 9 ,seville1 "t #ahbj4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 ! public squ>e1 fill$ ) a troop ( soldi]s "u comm& ( ,don ,jose1 & l\ng]s :o are wait+ ! approa* ( ! pretty girls :o "w 9 ! cig>-factory ne> by1 & prettie/ & mo/ he>tless ( !m all1 ,c>m54 ,be=e !y appe>1 ,mi*aela1 a village girl1 ent]s ! squ>e1 be>+ a message to ,don ,jose f 8 "m1 b n f9d+ him dep>ts4 ,! cig>-girls at la/ pass by on _! way to "w1 & ) !m ,c>m51 :o obs]ves ,don ,jose sitt+ 9 an indiff]5t mann] & ?r[s him ! rose %e we>s 9 h] bosom4 ,z !y disappe>1 ,mi*aela returns & deliv]s h] message4 ,! sight ( ! g5tle girl & ! ?\ght ( home dispel ,don ,jose's sudd5 passion = ,c>m54 ,he is ab\t to ?r[ away h] rose1 :5 a sudd5 di/urbance is he>d 9 ! factory4 ,x is f\nd t ,c>m5 has qu>rell$ ) "o ( ! girls & w\nd$ h]4 ,%e is arre/$1 & to prev5t fur!r mis*ief h] arms are p9ion$4 ,%e s bewit*es ! lieut5ant1 h[ev]1 t he connives at h] escape & succe$s 9 effect+ x1 :ile %e is l$ away to prison by ! soldi]s4 ,9 ! second act ,c>m5 has return$ to h] w&]+ gypsy life1 & we f9d h] ) h] companions 9 ! cab>et ( ,lillas-,pa/ia1 s++ & danc+4 ,among ! new arrivals is ,escamillo1 ! victori\s bull-fight] ( ,gr5ada1 ) :om ,c>m5 is at once fasc9at$4 ,:5 ! inn is clos$1 ,escamillo & ! soldi]s dep>t1 b ,c>m5 waits ) two ( ! gypsies1 :o are smuggl]s1 = ! arrival ( ,don ,jose4 ,!y p]suade h] to induce him to jo9 _! b&1 & :5 ! lieut5ant1 wild ) passion = h]1 ent]s ! ap>tm5t1 %e prevails ^u him to rema9 9 spite ( ! trumpet-call :i* summons him to duty4 ,an (fic] appe>s & ord]s him out4 ,he refuses to g1 & :5 ! (fic] attempts to use =ce ,c>m5 summons ! gypsies4 ,he is soon ov]p[]$1 & ,don ,jose escapes to ! m\nta9s4 ,! ?ird act op5s 9 ! haunt ( ! smuggl]s1 a wild1 rocky1 cav]n\s place4 ,don ,jose & ,c>m51 :o is gr[+ v indiff]5t to him1 are !re4 ,z ! contrab&i/s f9i% _! "w & gradually leave ! sc5e1 ,escamillo1 :o has be5 foll[+ ,c>m51 appe>s4 ,8 pres5ce & 8 decl>ations z well ar\se ! jeal\sy ( ,don ,jose4 ,!y ru% at ea* o!r = mortal combat1 b ! smuggl]s sep>ate !m4 ,escamillo bides 8 "t1 invites !m to ! approa*+ bullfight at ,seville1 & dep>ts4 ,:ile ,don ,jose is upbraid+ ,c>m51 ! fai?ful ,mi*aela1 :o has be5 guid$ to ! spot1 begs him to accompany h]1 z 8 "m is dy+4 ,duty prevails1 & he foll[s h] z ,escamillo's taunt+ song is he>d dy+ away 9 ! di/ance4 ,9 ! la/ act ! drama hurries on to ! tragic d5\em5t4 ,x is a gala-day 9 ,seville1 = ,escamillo is to fight4 ,c>m5 is !re 9 8 company1 ?\gh h] gypsy fri5ds h w>n$ h] ,don ,jose is se>*+ = h]4 ,amid great pomp ,escamillo ent]s ! ar5a1 & ,c>m5 is ab\t to foll[1 :5 ,don ,jose appe>s & /ops h]4 ,he appeals to h] & tries to awak5 ! old love4 ,%e w n li/51 & at la/ 9 a fit ( wild rage hurls ! r+ he _h giv5 h] at 8 feet4 ,! %\ts ( ! p 9 ! ar5a ann\nce ano!r victory = ,escamillo4 ,%e cries out ) joy4 ,don ,jose spr+s at h] l a tig]1 & /abs h] j z ,escamillo em]ges f ! conte/4 ,c>m5 is ! l>ge/ & be/-consid]$ ( all ,bizet's works1 & "o ( ! be/ 9 ! mod]n ,fr5* rep]tory4 ,! ov]ture is %ort b v brilliant4 ,aft] "s *>act]i/ic *oruses by ! /reet lads1 soldi]s1 & cig>-girls1 ,c>m5 s+s ! ,havanaise 7,amor1 mi/]ioso angelo71 a qua9t song 9 waltz "t1 ! melody be+ t ( an old ,spani% song by ,tradi]1 call$ ,el ,aveglito4 ,a s]i\s duet betwe5 ,mi*aela & ,don ,jose 7,mia madre io la riv$o7 foll[s1 :i* is v t5d] 9 its "*4 ,! next /rik+ numb] is ! dance tempo1 ,presso il ba/ion de ,seviglia1 a seguidilla sung by ,c>m5 :ile bewit*+ ,don ,jose4 ,9 ! f9ale1 z %e escapes1 ! ,havanaise1 :i* is ! ,c>m5 motive1 is he>d aga94 ,! second-act music is peculi>ly ,spani% 9 color1 p>ticul>ly t = ! ballet4 ,! op5+ song ( ! gypsies 9 ! cab>et1 to ! accompanim5t ( ! ca/anets 7,vezzi e anella sc9till>71 is bewit*+ 9 its rhy?m1 & is foll[$ 9 ! next sc5e by a /irr+ & v picturesque aria 7,toreador att5to71 9 :i* ,escamillo describes ! bull-fight4 ,a beautifully writt5 qu9tet 7,abbiamo 9 vi/a71 & a /rongly dramatic duet1 beg9n+ ) ano!r fasc9at+ dance tempo 7,voglio danz> pel tuo piac]71 & includ+ a beautiful pa!tic melody = ,don ,jose 7,il fior *e avevi71 closes ! music ( ! act4 ,! ?ird act conta9s two v /rik+ numb]s1 ! t]zetto ( ! c>d-play]s 9 ! smuggl]s' haunt 7,mis*iam6 alziam671 & ,mi*aela's aria 7,io dico no1 non son paurosa71 ! mo/ effective & beautiful numb] 9 ! :ole "w1 & ! "o :i* %[s mo/ cle>ly ! effect ( ,wagn]'s influ5ce ^u ! compos]4 ,9 ! f9ale ( ! act ! ,toreador's song is aga9 he>d z he disappe>s 9 ! di/ance aft] ! qu>rel ) ,don ,jose4 ,! la/ act is a hurly-burly ( ! bull-fight1 ! ,toreador's tak+ m>*1 ! /ormy duet betwe5 ,don ,jose & ,c>m51 & ! tragic d5\em5t 9 :i* ! ,c>m5 motive is repeat$4 ,! color ( ! :ole "w is ,spani%1 & ! dance tempo is freely us$ & beautifully work$ up ) ,bizet's +5i\s & s*ol>ly in/rum5tation4 ,except 9 ! ?ird act1 h[ev]1 ! vocal p>ts are inf]ior to ! or*e/ral treatm5t4 ,,boieldieu4 ,francois ,adri5 ,boieldieu 0 born ,dec4 #af1 #agge1 at ,r\51 ,france4 ,little is kn[n ( 8 e>li] life1 except t he /udi$ = a "t ) ,bro*e1 ! ca!dral organi/4 ,8 fir/ op]a1 ,la ,fille ,c\pable1 appe>$ 9 #agic1 & 0 p]=m$ at ,r\5 ) "s success4 ,9 #agie a second op]a1 ,rosalie et ,myrza1 0 p]=m$ 9 ! same city2 aft] :i* he w5t to ,p>is1 :]e he became acqua9t$ ) _m prom95t musicians1 among !m ,*]ub9i4 ,8 fir/ ,p>is op]a 0 ! ,famille ,suisse 7#agig71 :i* _h a successful run4 ,sev]al o!r op]as foll[$1 besides "s excell5t pieces ( *amb] music :i* secur$ him ! pr(essor%ip ( ! piano 9 ! ,cons]vatory4 ,he also took lessons at ?is "t ( ,*]ub9i 9 c\nt]po9t1 & 9 #ahjc br\ght out a v successful "w1 ,ma ,tante ,aurore4 ,we next he> ( him 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 z conductor ( ! ,imp]ial ,op]a1 :]e he compos$ _m op]as & vaudevilles4 ,he sp5t eight ye>s 9 ,russia1 return+ to ,p>is 9 #ahaa4 ,! next ye> "o ( 8 be/ op]as1 ,jean de ,p>is1 0 produc$ ) extraord9>y success4 ,?\gh he subsequ5tly wrote _m op]as1 f\rte5 ye>s elaps$ be=e 8 next great "w1 ,la ,dame ,blan*e1 appe>$4 ,its success 0 unprec$5t$4 ,all ,europe 0 delight$ ) x1 & x is z fre% to-day z :5 x 0 fir/ produc$4 ,! rema9d] ( ,boieldieu's life 0 sad1 ow+ to op]atic failures1 pecuni>y tr\bles1 & decl9+ heal?4 ,he di$ at ,j>cy1 ne> ,p>is1 ,oct4 #h1 #ahcd4 ,,la ,,dame ,,blance4 ,la ,dame ,blan*e1 op]a comique 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,scribe1 adapt$ f ,walt] ,scott's novels1 ,! ,mona/]y & ,guy ,mann]+1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,op]a ,comique1 ,dec4 #aj1 #ahbe1 & 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,engli% "u ! title ( ,! ,:ite ,maid1 at ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,london1 ,jan4 #b1 #ahbg4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,scotl&4 ,! ,laird ( ,av5el1 a zeal\s p>tisan ( ! ,/u>ts1 0 proscrib$ aft] ! battle ( ,cullod51 & ^u ! eve ( go+ into exile intru/s ,gave/on1 8 /ew>d1 ) ! c>e ( ! ca/le1 & ( a consid]able treasure :i* is conceal$ 9 a /atue call$ ! ,:ite ,lady4 ,! traditions affirm$ t ?is lady 0 ! protectress ( ! ,av5els4 ,all ! clan 7 believ]s 9 ! /ory1 & ! villag]s decl>$ !y _h (t5 se5 h] 9 ! neighborhood4 ,gave/on1 h[ev]1 does n %>e _! sup]/ition nor believe 9 ! leg5d1 & "s "t aft] ! dep>ture ( ! ,laird he ann\nces ! sale ( ! ca/le1 hop+ to obta9 x at a l[ rate because ! villag]s w n d>e to bid = x ?r\gh fe> ( ! ,:ite ,lady4 ,! /ew>d is l$ to d ?is because he has he>d ! ,laird is dead1 & kn[s !re is no heir to ! prop]ty4 ,anna1 an orphan girl1 :o _h be5 befri5d$ by ! ,laird1 det]m9es to fru/rate ,gave/on's designs1 & appe>s 9 ! village disguis$ z ! ,:ite ,lady4 ,%e also writes to ,dickson1 a f>m]1 :o is indebt$ to h]1 to meet h] at midnight 9 ! ca/le ( ,av5el4 ,he is too sup]/iti\s to g1 & ,george ,br[n1 a "y lieut5ant :o is %>+ 8 hospitality1 volunte]s 9 8 /ead4 ,he enc\nt]s ! ,:ite ,lady1 & le>ns f h] he w %ortly meet a "y lady :o has sav$ 8 life by h] c>eful nurs+ aft] a battle1--,anna mean:ile recogniz+ ,george z ! p]son %e _h sav$4 ,:5 ! day ( sale comes1 ,dickson is emp[]$ by ! f>m]s to pur*ase ! ca/le1 s t x may n fall into ,gave/on's h&s4 ,george & ,anna are !re2 & ! =m]1 ?\gh he has n a %ill+1 buys x "u in/ructions f ,anna4 ,:5 ! "t comes = paym5t1 ,anna produces ! treasure :i* _h be5 conceal$ 9 ! /atue1 &1 /ill 9 ! disguise ( ! ,:ite ,lady1 discov]s to him ! secret ( 8 bir? dur+ ! exile ( 8 p>5ts4 ,gave/on approa*es ! spectre & te>s (f h] veil1 reveal+ ,anna1 8 w>d4 ,mov$ by ! zeal & fidelity ( 8 fa!r's protegee1 ,george (f]s h] 8 h&1 :i*1 aft] "s maid5ly scruples1 %e accepts4 ,! op]a is full ( beautiful songs1 _m ( !m ,scot* 9 "*4 ,9 ! fir/ act ! op5+ song ( ,george 7,ah1 :at ,pleasure a ,soldi] to be67 is v poetical 9 its s5tim5t4 ,x also conta9s ! *>act]i/ic ballad ( ! ,:ite ,lady1 ) *oral responses 7,:]e yon ,trees y\r ,eye discov]s71 & an exquisitely graceful trio 9 ! f9ale 7,heav5s6 :at d ,i he>874 ,! second act op5s ) a v pla9tive romanza 7,poor ,m>g>et1 sp9 away671 sung by ,m>g>et1 ,anna's old nurse1 at h] sp9n+-:eel1 z %e ?9ks ( ! abs5t ,laird1 foll[$ 9 ! fif? sc5e by a beautiful cavat9a = t5or 7,come1 ,o ,g5tle ,lady74 ,9 ! sev5? sc5e is a *>m+ duet 7,f ^! ,halls71 & ! act closes ) an ensemble = sev5 voices & *orus1 :i* has h>dly be5 excell$ 9 +5uity ( treatm5t4 ,! ?ird act op5s ) a *>m+ly s5tim5tal aria = ,anna 7,) :at delight ,i behold71 foll[$ 9 ! ?ird sc5e by a /irr+ *orus ( m\nta9e]s1 lead+ up to ! lay ev] sung by ! ,clan ( ,av5el1--! famili> old ballad1 ,rob9 ,adair1 :i* loses a little ( its local color "u ,fr5* treatm5t1 b ga9s an add$ grace4 ,x is /at$ on good au?ority t two ( ,boieldieu's pupils1 ,adolph ,adam & ,lab>re1 assi/$ him 9 ! "w1 & t ! lovely ov]ture 0 writt5 9 "o ev5+1--,boieldieu tak+ ! &ante & ! two o!rs ! rema9+ movem5ts4 ,?\gh a little old-fa%ion$ 9 "s ( its phras+1 ! op]a /ill reta9s its fre%ness & beautiful s5tim5t4 ,its popul>ity is be/ ev9c$ by ! fact t up to ,june1 #ahge1 x _h be5 giv5 #acdj times at ! !atre :]e x 0 fir/ produc$4 ,,boito4 ,arrigo ,boito 0 born 9 #ahdj1 & receiv$ 8 musical education 9 ! ,cons]vatory at ,milan1 :]e he /udi$ = n9e ye>s4 ,9 #ahff he became a musical critic = sev]al ,italian pap]s1 & ab\t ! same "t wrote sev]al poems ( m ?an ord9>y m]it4 ,bo? 9 lit]ature & music 8 ta/e 0 div]sifi$2 & he comb9$ ! two tal5ts 9 a rem>kable degree 9 8 op]a ( ,mephi/opheles1 ! only "w by :i* he is kn[n to ! musical _w at l>ge4 ,he /udi$ ,goe! pr(\ndly2 & ! notes :i* he has app5d$ to ! score %[ a mo/ intimate k ( ! ,fau/ leg5d4 ,8 text is 9 "o s5se polyglot1 z he has made use ( portions ( ,m>l[e's ,doctor ,fau/us1 z well z exc]pts f ,blaze de ,bury1 ,l5au1 ,widmann1 & o!rs :o h treat$ ! leg5d4 ,he /udi$ ,wagn]'s music also v closely1 & to su* purpose t aft] ! fir/ p]=mance ( ?is op]a at ,la ,scala1 9 #ahfh1 ! critics call$ him ! ,italian ,wagn]1 &1 9 common ) ! public1 condemn$ bo? him & 8 "w4 ,aft] ,wagn]'s ,loh5gr9 _h be5 produc$ 9 ,italy & met ) success1 ,boito saw 8 opportunity to once m br+ out 8 "w4 ,x 0 p]=m$ at ,bologna 9 #ahge1 & met ) an en?usia/ic success4 ,its introduction to ?is c\ntry is l>gely due to ,mme4 ,*ri/9e ,nilsson1 ?\gh ,mme4 ,m>ie ,roze 0 ! fir/ arti/ to appe> 9 x "h4 ,,mephi/opheles4 ,mephi/opheles1 gr& op]a 9 a prologue1 f\r acts1 & epilogue1 words by ! compos]1 0 fir/ p]=m$ at ,la ,scala1 ,milan1 9 #ahfh4 ,! ,prologue 9 ! ,heav5s conta9s five numb]s1 a prelude1 & *orus ( ! my/ic *oir2 in/rum5tal s*]zo1 prelud+ ! appe>ance ( ,mephi/opheles2 dramatic int]lude1 9 :i* he engages to entrap ,fau/2 a vocal s*]zo by ! *orus ( *]ubim2 & ! ,f9al ,psalmody by ! p5it5ts on e>? & *orus ( spirits4 ,! prologue corresponds to ,goe!'s prologue 9 ! heav5s1 ! heav5ly *oirs be+ he>d 9 ! backgr\nd ( cl\ds1 accompani$ by weird trumpet-peals & fl\ri%es 9 ! or*e/ra1 & closes ) a f9ale ( magnific5t p[]4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 ! city ( ,frank=t1 amid ! noise ( ! cr[d & ! clang+ ( holiday bells4 ,gr\ps ( /ud5ts1 burgh]s1 huntsm51 & peasants s+ snat*es ( *orus4 ,a cavalcade escort+ ! ,elector passes4 ,fau/ & ,wagn] ent]1 & retire z ! peasants beg9 to s+ & dance a m]ry waltz rhy?m 7,juhe6 ,juhe674 ,z x dies away !y reappe>1 ,fau/ be+ cont9ually foll[$ by a gray fri>1--,mephi/opheles 9 disguise1--^: id5tity is disclos$ by a motive f ! prologue4 ,fau/ %udd]s at 8 pres5ce1 b ,wagn] laughs away 8 fe>s1 & ! sc5e !n sudd5ly *anges to ,fau/'s laboratory1 :i!r he has be5 foll[$ by ! gray fri>1 :o conceals himself 9 an alcove4 ,fau/ s+s a beautiful aria 7,dai campi1 dai prati71 & !n1 plac+ ! ,bible on a lect]n1 beg9s to read4 ,! sight ( ! book br+s ,mephi/opheles out ) a %riek2 &1 que/ion$ by ,fau/1 he reveals 8 true self 9 a massive & sonor\s aria 7,son lo spirito74 ,he ?r[s (f 8 disguise1 & appe>s 9 ! g>b ( a knight1 (f]+ to s]ve ,fau/ on e>? if he w s]ve ! p[]s ( d>kness 9 hell4 ,! compact is made1 z 9 ! fir/ act ( ,g\nod's ,fau/2 & ! curta9 falls z ,fau/ is ab\t to be :isk$ away 9 ,mephi/opheles's cloak4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! g>d51 ) ,fau/ 7"u ! "n ( ,h5ry71 ,m>gu]ite1 ,mephi/opheles1 & ,m>?a1 ,m>gu]ite's "m1 /roll+ 9 c\ples4 ,! music1 :i* is ( a v s5su\s "*1 is descriptive ( ! love-mak+ betwe5 ,fau/ & ,m>gu]ite1 & ! s>ca/ic passion ( ,mephi/opheles = ,m>?a4 ,x is mo/ly 9 duet =m1 & closes ) a qu>tet allegretto 7,addio1 fuggo71 :i* is v *>act]i/ic4 ,! sc5e !n sudd5ly *anges to ! celebration ( ! ,wit*es' ,sabba? on ! summits ( ! ,brock51 :]e1 amid wild wit* *oruses1 mighty dissonances1 & weird incantation music1 ,fau/ is %[n a vision ( ! sorr[ ( ,m>gu]ite4 ,x w\ld be impossible to select special numb]s f ?is closely int]wov5 music1 except+ p]haps ! song 7,ecco il mondo7 :i* ,mephi/opheles s+s :5 ! wit*es1 aft] _! incantation1 pres5t him ) a globe ( glass :i* he lik5s to ! e>?4 ,! ?ird act op5s 9 a prison1 :]e ,m>gu]ite is await+ ! p5alty = murd]+ h] babe4 ,! action is v simil> to t ( ! la/ act ( ,g\nod's ,fau/4 ,h] op5+ aria 7,l' altra notte a fondo al m>o7 is full ( sad long+s = ! *ild & insane moan+s = m]cy4 ,fau/ appeals to h] to fly ) him1 & !y jo9 9 a duet ( extraord9>y s5su\s beauty bl5d$ ) pa?os 7lontano1 lontano74 ,mephi/opheles urges ,fau/ away z ! day dawns1 & pron\nces h] doom z %e falls & dies1 :ile ! angelic *orus res\nd+ 9 ! or*e/ra ann\nces h] salvation4 ,9 ! f\r? act a mo/ abrupt *ange is made1 bo? 9 a dramatic & musical s5se4 ,! sc5e *anges to ! ,night ( ! ,classical ,sabba? on ! banks ( ! ,p5eus1 amid temples1 /atues1 fl[]s1 & all ! lovel9ess ( nature 9 ,greece4 ,! music also *anges into ! pure1 s5su\s ,italian /yle4 ,fau/1 /ill ) ,mephi/opheles1 pays c\rt to ,hel5 ( ,troy1 :o is accompani$ by ,pantalis4 ,! op5+ duet = ! latt] 7,la luna immobile7 is "o ( exce$+ grace & lovel9ess1 & w always be ! mo/ popul> numb] 9 ! "w4 ,) ! exception ( a p[]fully dramatic sc5a1 9 :i* ,hel5 describes ! horrors ( ! de/ruction ( ,troy1 ! music is devot$ to ! love-mak+ betwe5 ,hel5 & ,fau/1 & be>s no relation 9 =m to ! re/ ( ! music ( ! "w1 be+ ess5tially ,italian 9 its smoo?1 fl[+1 melodi\s "*4 ,at ! close ( ! classical ,sabba? ano!r abrupt *ange is made1 to ! dea?-sc5e ( ,fau/1 conta9$ 9 an epilogue4 ,x op5s 9 8 laboratory1 :]e he is reflect+ ^u ! ev5ts ( 8 unsatisfactory life1 & contemplat+ a happi] exi/5ce 9 heav54 ,mephi/opheles is /ill by 8 side z ! tempt]1 (f]s him 8 cloak1 & urges him to fly aga94 ,! heav5ly trumpets :i* rang ?r\gh ! prologue are aga9 he>d1 & ! cele/ial *oirs are s++4 ,enrag$1 ,mephi/opheles summons ! sir5s1 :o lure ,fau/ ) all _! *>ms4 ,fau/ seizes ! ,sacr$ ,volume1 & decl>es t he relies ^u its ^w = salvation4 ,he prays = help aga9/ ! demon4 ,8 pray] is answ]$2 & z he dies a %[] ( roses falls ^u 8 body4 ,! tempt] disappe>s1 & ! f9ale ( ! prologue1 repeat$1 ann\nces ,fau/ has di$ 9 salvation4 ,! op]a z a :ole is episodical 9 its dramatic con/ruction1 & ! music is a mixture ( two /yles1--! ,wagn]ian & ! conv5tional ,italian2 b its or*e/ration is v bold & indep5d5t 9 "*1 & ! voice-p>ts are v /rik+ 9 _! adaptation to ! dramatic requirem5ts4 ,,delibes4 ,leo ,delibes1 ! ,fr5* compos]1 0 born at ,/4 ,g]ma9 du ,val 9 #ahcf1 & 0 graduat$ at ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 :]e he rea*$ high di/9ction4 ,8 fir/ "w1 writt5 9 #ahee1 0 an op]etta entitl$ ,deux ,s\s de ,c>bon2 b he did n make 8 m>k until 8 ,maitre ,griff>d 0 produc$ at ! ,!atre ,lyrique 9 #aheg4 ,9 #ahfe he 0 appo9t$ ,*orus-ma/] at ! ,op]a1 & !re 8 real c>e] began4 ,8 fir/ great triumph 0 9 ballet-music1 :i* has ev] s9ce be5 8 specialty4 ,8 fir/ ballet1 ,la ,s\rce1 0 produc$ at ! ,op]a1 ,nov4 #ab1 #ahfe1 & delight$ all ,p>is4 ,x 0 foll[$ by a div]tisem5t = ! revival ( ,adam's ,corsaire 7#ahfg71 ! ballet ,coppelia 7#ahgj71 a ?ree-act op]a ,le ,roi l'a dit 7#ahgc71 & ! exquisite ballet 9 ?ree acts & five tableaux1 ,sylvia 7#ahgf71 ) :i* ,!odore ,?omas has made ,am]ican audi5ces famili>4 ,8 op]a ,lakme 0 writt5 9 #ahgi4 ,,lakme4 ,! romantic op]a1 ,lakme1 writt5 9 #ahgi1 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ?is c\ntry by ! ,am]ican ,op]a ,company 9 #ahhf1 ,mme4 ,l',allem& tak+ ! title-role4 ,! pr9cipal *>act]s are ,lakme1 daught] ( ,nilakan?a1 an ,indian prie/1 ,g]ald & ,fr$]ick1 (fic]s ( ! ,briti% ,army1 ,ell5 & ,rose1 daught]s ( ! ,vic]oy1 & ,mrs4 ,b5son1 gov]ness4 ,! sc5e is laid 9 ,india4 ,nilakan?a *]i%es a fond hatr$ ( all =eign]s4 ,! two ,engli% (fic]s1 ,g]ald & ,fr$]ick1 accompani$ by a bevy ( ladies1 intrude ^u 8 sacr$ gr\nds4 ,!y /roll ab\t & gradually retire1 b ,g]ald rema9s to sket* "s jewels1 :i* ,lakme has left ^u a %r9e :ile %e goes fl[]-ga!r+ ) h] slave ,mallika1 evid5tly also to await developm5ts :5 %e returns4 ,lakme soon comes sail+ 9 on h] boat1 & !re is a desp]ate case ( love at fir/ sight4 ,_! demon/rations ( affection are soon int]rupt$ by ! appe>ance ( ! prie/1 ^: ang] ,g]ald escapes by flee+1 "u cov] ( a conv5i5t ?und]-/orm4 ,9 ! next act ,lakme & h] fa!r appe> 9 ! public m>ket-place1 disguis$ z p5it5ts4 ,he compels 8 daught] to s+1 hop+ t h] face & voice w induce h] lov] to disclose himself4 ,! ruse proves successful4 ,nilakan?a waits 8 opportunity1 & /eal+ ^u 8 enemy /abs him 9 ! back & makes good 8 escape4 ,9 ! ?ird act we f9d ,g]ald 9 a delightful jungle1 :]e ,lakme has 9 "s mann] manag$ to conceal him1 & :]e %e is c>efully nurs+ him ) ! hope ( p]man5tly reta9+ 8 love4 ,%e saves 8 life2 b j at ?is juncture1 & :ile %e is abs5t to obta9 a draught ( ! wat] :i*1 accord+ to ! ,indian leg5d1 w make e>?ly love et]nal1 ,g]ald he>s ! music ( 8 regim5t1 & ,fr$]ick appe>s & urges him back to duty4 ,8 allegiance to 8 que51 & possibly ! remembrance ( 8 engagem5t to a "y ,engli% girl1 prove /rong] ?an 8 love = ,lakme4 ,! latt] returns1 discov]s 8 fai?lessness1 ga!rs "s poison\s fl[]s1 ^: juices %e dr9ks1 & dies 9 ,g]ald's arms j z ! furi\s fa!r appe>s4 ,z "o victim is suffici5t to appease ! ang] ( ,nilakan?a's gods1 ,g]ald is all[$ to g unh>m$4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a *orus ( ,h9doos1 ori5tal 9 its "*1 foll[$ by a duet betwe5 ,lakme & h] fa!r2 ! sc5e clos+ ) a sacr$ *ant4 ,! ,h9doos gone1 !re is a *>m+ ori5tal duet 7',nea? yon ,dome :]e ,jasm9es ) ! ,roses are bloom+7 betwe5 ,lakme & h] slave1 :i* is "o ( ! gems ( ! op]a4 ,! ,engli% !n appe> & h a long1 talky sc5e1 reliev$ by a pretty song = ,fr$]ick 7,i w\ld n give a ,judgm5t s absurd71 & ano!r = ,g]ald 7,*eat+ ,fancy com+ to mislead me74 ,z ,lakme ent]s1 ,g]ald conceals himself4 ,%e lays h] fl[]s at ! base ( ! %r9e & s+s a re/less love-song 7,:y love ,i ?us to /ray874 ,g]ald discov]s himself1 & aft] a colloquy s+s 8 ard5t love-song 7,! ,god ( ,tru? s gl[+71 & ! act closes ) ,nilakan?a's ?reats4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! m>ket squ>e1 lively ) ! *oruses ( ,h9doos1 ,*9am51 fruit-v5d]s1 & sailors1 & lat] on ) ! adv5tures ( ! ,engli% p>ty 9 ! cr[d4 ,nilakan?a appe>s & addresses 8 daught] 9 a v pa!tic aria 7,lakme1 ?y s(t ,looks are ov]-cl\d$74 ,soon foll[s ,lakme's bell-song 7,:]e /rays ! ,h9doo ,maid5871 a brilliant & highly embelli%$ aria ) t9kl+ accompanim5t1 :i* w always be a favorite4 ,! recognition foll[s2 & ! rema9+ numb]s ( importance are an impassion$ song by ,g]ald 7,ah6 !n 't is slumb]+ ,love71 ) a my/]i\s response by ,lakme 7,9 ! ,=e/ ne> at ,h&74 ,a ballet1 foll[$ by ! /abb+ ( ,g]ald1 closes ! act4 ,9 ! ?ird act ! action ha/5s to ! tragic d5\em5t4 ,x op5s ) a beautiful croon+ song by ,lakme 7',nea? ! ,dome ( ,moon & ,/>7 z %e wat*es h] sleep+ lov]4 ,! rema9+ numb]s ( int]e/ are ,g]ald's song 7,?o' spee*less ,i1 my ,he>t rememb]s71 foll[$ by a pretty ?ree-"p *orus 9 ! di/ance & ,lakme's dy+ measures1 ,to me ! faire/ ,dream ?\ '/ giv51 & ,f>ewell1 ! ,dream is ov]4 ,?\gh ! op]a is monoton\s f sam5ess ( color & lack ( dramatic int]e/1 !re are _m numb]s :i* leave a *>m+ impression by _! grace1 ref9em5t1 & g5u9e poetical effect4 ,,donizetti4 ,gaetano ,donizetti 0 born at ,b]gamo1 ,italy1 ,sept4 #be1 #agih4 ,he /udi$ music bo? at ,bologna & ,naples1 & !n ent]$ ! army r ?an subject himself to ! caprice ( 8 fa!r1 :o 0 det]m9$ t he %\ld devote himself to *ur* music4 ,:ile 8 regim5t 0 at ,naples he wrote 8 fir/ op]a1 ,enrico di ,borgogna 7#ahah71 :i* 0 soon foll[$ by a second1 ,il ,falegname de ,livonia4 ,! success ( ! latt] 0 s great t x n only fre$ him f milit>y s]vice b ga9$ him ! honor ( be+ cr[n$4 ,! fir/ op]a :i* spread 8 reputation ?r\gh ,europe 0 ,anna ,bol5a1 produc$ at ,milan 9 #ahcj1 & writt5 = ,pa/a & ,rub9i4 ,two ye>s aft]w>ds1 ,l' ,elisir d' ,amore appe>$1 :i* he is said to h writt5 9 fifte5 days4 ,he wrote ) great facility4 ,il ,furioso1 ,p>is9a1 ,torquato ,tasso1 ,lucrezia ,borgia1 & ,gemma di ,v]gi rapidly foll[$ "o ano!r4 ,9 #ahce he br\ght out ,m>9o ,fali]o1 b its success 0 small4 ,ample comp5sation 0 made1 h[ev]1 :5 9 ! same ye> ,lucia appe>$ & 0 receiv$ ) acclamations ( delight4 ,he 0 invit$ to ,p>is z ! successor ( ,ross9i1 & wrote 8 ,m>9o ,fali]o = ! ,!atre des ,itali5s4 ,9 #ahdj he revisit$ ,p>is & produc$ ,il ,poliuto1 ,la ,fille du ,regim5t1 & ,la ,favorita4 ,leav+ ,p>is he visit$ ,rome1 ,milan1 & ,vi5na1 br++ out ,l9da di ,*am\ni 9 ! latt] city4 ,return+ to ,p>is aga91 he produc$ ,don ,pasquale at ! ,!atre des ,itali5s & ,don ,seba/i5 at ! ,academie1 ! latt] prov+ a failure4 ,8 la/ op]a1 ,cat>9a ,com>o1 0 br\ght out at ,naples 9 #ahdd4 ,?is "w also 0 a failure4 ,x 0 evid5t t 8 capacity = "w 0 ov]4 ,he grew sad & melan*oly1 & dur+ ! la/ ?ree ye>s ( 8 life 0 attack$ by fits ( ab/raction :i* gradually int5sifi$ & end$ 9 insanity & physical p>alysis4 ,he di$ at ,b]gamo1 ,april #h1 #ahdh4 ,,! ,,daught] ,,( ,,! ,,regim5t4 ,! ,daught] ( ! ,regim5t 7,la ,fille du ,regim5t7 op]a comique 9 two acts1 words by ,bay>d & ,/4 ,georges1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,op]a ,comique1 ,p>is1 ,feb4 #aa1 #ahdj1 ) ,mme4 ,anna ,?illon 9 ! role ( ,m>ie4 ,its fir/ p]=mance 9 ,engli% 0 at ! ,surrey ,!atre1 ,london1 ,dec4 #ba1 #ahdg1 "u ! title ( ,! ,daught] ( ! ,regim5t1 9 :i* =m x is be/ kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 #ahdg x 0 p]=m$ z an ,italian op]a 9 ,london1 ) add$ recitatives1 & ) ,j5ny ,l9d 9 ! lead+ "p4 ,! music ( ! op]a is light & sp>kl+1 ! pr9cipal int]e/ c5tr+ 9 ! *>m+ nature ( ! /ory & its humor\s situations1 :i* af=d capital opportunities = com$y act+4 ,! sc5e is laid 9 ! ,tyrol dur+ its occupation by ! ,fr5*4 ,m>ie1 ! h]o9e1 & ! viv&i]e ( ! ,tw5ty-fir/ regim5t ( ,napoleon's army1 0 adopt$ z ! ,daught] ( ! ,regim5t1 because %e 0 f\nd on ! field1 aft] a battle1 by ,s]geant ,sulpice4 ,on h] p]son 0 affix$ a lett] writt5 by h] fa!r to ! ,m>*ioness ( ,b]k5feld1 :i* has be5 c>efully pres]v$ by ! ,s]geant4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! op]a ! little waif has gr[n into a sprightly "y woman1 full ( mis*ief & _s1 z is %[n by h] op5+ song 7,! ,camp 0 my ,bir?place71 9 :i* %e tells ! /ory ( h] life1 & by ! duet ) ,sulpice1 kn[n ! _w ov] z ,! ,rataplan1 :i* is ( a v animat$1 /irr+1 & m>tial "*1 to ! accompanim5t ( rattl+ drums & sonor\s brasses4 ,%e is ! special admiration ( ,tony1 a ,tyrolean peasant1 :o has sav$ h] f fall+ ov] a precipice4 ,! soldi]s ( ! regim5t are pr(use 9 _! gratitude to h] deliv]]1 & celebrate h] rescue ) ample potations1 dur+ :i* ,m>ie s+s ! ,song ( ! ,regim5t 7,all ,m5 confess x74 ,poor ,tony1 h[ev]1 :o 0 f\nd /roll+ 9 ! camp1 is plac$ "u arre/ z a spy1 ?\gh he succe$s 9 obta9+ an int]view ) ,m>ie & decl>es 8 love = h]4 ,! decl>ation is foll[$ by a *>m+ duet 7,no long] c ,i d\bt x74 ,tony manages to cle> up 8 record1 & ! soldi]s decide t he may h ,m>ie's h& if he w cons5t to jo9 !m4 ,he bli!ly accepts ! condition & dons ! ,fr5* cockade4 ,ev]y?+ seems auspici\s1 :5 sudd5ly ! ,m>*ioness ( ,b]k5feld appe>s & da%es ,tony's hopes to ! gr\nd4 ,! ,s]geant1 z 9 honor b\nd1 deliv]s ! lett] he has be5 pres]v+4 ,aft] read+ x %e claims ,m>ie z h] niece1 & dem&s t ! regim5t %all give up its daught]1 :ile ,tony is incont95tly dismiss$ z an unsuitable p]son to be connect$ 9 any capacity ) h] noble family4 ,m>ie s+s a t\*+ adieu to h] comrades 7,f>ewell1 a long ,f>ewell71 & ! act closes ) smo!r$ imprecations on ! ,m>*ioness by ! soldi]s1 & prote/ations ( undy+ love by ,tony4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! ca/le ( ,b]k5feld1 :]e ,m>ie is duly in/all$1 ?\gh %e does n take v k9dly to h] *ange ( surr\nd+s4 ,! old ,s]geant is ) h]4 ,gr& company is expect$1 & ! ,m>*ioness desires ,m>ie to rehe>se a romance 7,! ,light ( ,e>ly ,days 0 break+71 :i* %e is to s+ to !m4 ,be=e %e f9i%es x %e & ! ,s]geant break out into ! rollick+ ,rataplan & g ?r\gh ) ! milit>y evolutions1 to ! horror ( ! ,m>*ioness4 ,:ile regret = ! abs5t ,tony keeps h] 9 a sad mood1 %e is sudd5ly *e]$ up by ! s\nd ( drums & fifes1 ann\nc+ ! approa* ( soldi]s4 ,!y are ! gallant ,tw5ty-fir/1 ) ,tony1 n[ a colonel1 at _! head4 ,he applies once m = ,m>ie's h&4 ,! soldi]s also put 9 a spirit$ *oral appeal 7,we h come1 our ,*ild to free74 ,! ,m>*ioness aga9 refuses4 ,tony proposes an elopem5t1 to :i* ,m>ie1 9 res5tm5t at h] aunt's cruelty1 cons5ts4 ,to ?w>t _! plans1 ! ,m>*ioness reveals to ,m>ie t e>ly 9 life %e _h be5 secretly m>ri$ to an (fic] ( l[] family position ?an h] own1 & t ?is (fic] 0 ,m>ie's fa!r4 ,unable to dispute ! wi%es ( h] "m1 %e r5\nces ,tony 9 an agony ( grief4 ,at la/ ,m>ie's sorr[ ar\ses old associations 9 ! m9d ( ! ,m>*ioness1 & %e cons5ts to ! union ( ,tony & ,m>ie4 ,:ile ! music ( ! op]a is light1 x is none ! less v attractive1 & ! "w is ne>ly always popul> :5 p]=m$ by good arti/s1 ow+ to ! com$y /r5g? ( ! ?ree lead+ p>ts1 ,m>ie1 ,tony1 & ! ,s]geant4 ,! role ( ! h]o9e1 small z x is1 has always be5 a favorite "o ) su* great arti/s z ,j5ny ,l9d1 ,patti1 ,sontag1 & ,albani1 :ile 9 ?is c\ntry ,miss ,kellogg & ,mrs4 ,ri*+s-,b]n>d made great successes 9 ! "p4 ,! latt] s+]1 inde$1 & h] fa!r1 ^: p]sonation ( ! ,s]geant 0 v rem>kable1 7 among ! fir/ to p]=m ! "w 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,la ,,favorita4 ,la ,favorita1 an op]a 9 f\r acts1 words by ,roy] & ,waetz1 ! subject tak5 f ! ,fr5* drama1 ,le ,comte de ,comm+ues1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,academie1 ,p>is1 ,dec4 #b1 #ahdj1 ) ,mme4 ,/olz z ,leonora1 ,duprez z ,f]n&o1 & ,b>oelh/ z ,bal?as>4 ,its success 9 ,engl&1 :]e x 0 fir/ produc$ ,feb4 #af1 #ahdg1 0 made by ,grisi & ,m>io4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,spa91 & ! fir/ act op5s 9 ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,james1 ( ,compo/ella1 :]e ! "y novice1 ,f]n&o1 is ab\t to take mona/ic v[s4 ,be=e ! rites take place he is seiz$ ) a sudd5 passion = ,leonora1 a beautiful maid5 :o has be5 wor%ipp+ 9 ! cloi/]s4 ,he confesses 8 love to ,bal?as>1 ! sup]ior1 :o ord]s him to leave ! conv5t & g out into ! _w4 ,leonora1 mean:ile1 is belov$ by ,alphonso1 k+ ( ,ca/ile1 :o has provid$ h] a secret retreat on ! isl& ( ,/4 ,leon4 ,?\gh ?reat5$ by ! pontiff ) excommunication1 he has resolv$ to repudiate 8 que51 9 ord] t he may c>ry out 8 int5tion ( m>ry+ ! beautiful ,leonora4 ,to h] asylum a bevy ( maid5s conducts ,f]n&o4 ,he decl>es 8 passion = h] & f9ds x reciprocat$4 ,he urges h] to fly ) him1 b %e decl>es x impossible1 & giv+ him a commission 9 ! army sign$ by ! ,k+1 urges him to g to ! w>s & w9 honors = h] sake4 ,9 ! second act ,bal?as>1 9 ! "n ( ! pontiff1 visits _! retreat & pron\nces ! papal ana!ma ^u ! guilty pair4 ,! same curse is ?reat5$ to all ! att5dants unless ,leonora is driv5 f ! ,k+1 & ! act closes ) _! v5geful m5aces4 ,9 ! ?ird act ,f]n&o returns victori\s f ! w> ) ! ,moors4 ,already beg9n+ to fe> ! result ( ! papal mal$iction1 & hav+ le>n$ ( ,leonora's passion = ! victor1 ,alphonso heaps rew>ds ^u him1 ev5 to ! ext5t ( giv+ him ,leonora's h&4 ,f]n&o1 :o is ignorant ( h] pa/ relations to ! ,k+1 eag]ly accepts ! pr(f]2 b ,leonora1 9 despair1 s5ds h] att5dant1 ,inez1 to in=m him ( ! real nature ( ! situation & implore 8 =giv5ess4 ,! ,k+ int]cepts h]1 & ! m>riage takes place at once1 ,f]n&o n discov]+ ,leonora's %ame until x is reveal$ by ! c\rti]s1 :o avoid him4 ,he flies f ! _w to ! conv5t once m = %elt] & consolation1 foll[$ by ,leonora1 :o dies 9 8 arms aft] %e has obta9$ =giv5ess4 ,! music ( ! "w is v dramatic 9 its "*1 "s ( ! f9ales be+ ! /ronge/ ,donizetti has writt54 ,9 ! fir/ act !re is a beautifully melodi\s aria 7,una ,v]g9e71 9 :i* ,f]n&o describes to ,bal?as> ! vision ( ,leonora :i* _h appe>$ to him at 8 orisons1 & a v t5d] duet 7,deh1 vanne6 deh1 p>ti7 betwe5 ,f]n&o & ,leonora1 9 :i* !y sorr[fully "p f ea* o!r4 ,9 ! second act ! ,k+ has a v passionate aria1 :]e he curses 8 c\rti]s = leagu+ aga9/ him at ,rome1 foll[$ by a v dramatic duet ) ,leonora 7,ah6 l'alto ardor74 ,! ?ird act conta9s ! beautiful aria1 ,o mio ,f]n&o6 :i* is a favorite ) all contraltos4 ,x is rem>kable = its w>m? & ri*ness1 z well z its dramatic _s1 & ! act closes ) a conc]t$ f9ale ( spl5did p[]1 9 :i* ,f]n&o breaks 8 sword1 & once m ,bal?as> ana!matizes ! ,k+4 ,! f\r? act is ! mo/ beautiful ( all 9 its music & ! mo/ p[]ful 9 dramatic effect4 ,! *orus ( monks 9 ! fir/ sc5e 7,scaviam l'asilo7 is rem>kable = its religi\s "* & solemnity4 ,9 ! ?ird sc5e occurs "o ( ! t5d]e/ & lovelie/ romanzas ev] writt5 7,spirto g5til71 :i* ,donizetti transf]r$ to ?is "w f 8 op]a1 ,le ,duc d',albe1 :i* _h n be5 p]=m$1 & ! libretto ( :i* 0 orig9ally writt5 by ,scribe = ,ross9i4 ,! clos+ duet betwe5 ,f]n&o & ,leonora is full ( pa?os & beauty1 & =ms a fitt+ close to an act :i*1 9 "o s5se at lea/1 is an inspiration1 z ! :ole act 0 compos$ 9 f\r h\rs1--a pro( ( ! m>vell\s ease & facility ) :i* ,donizetti wrote4 ,,don ,,pasquale4 ,don ,pasquale1 an op]a buffa 9 ?ree acts1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,!atre des ,itali5s 9 ,p>is1 ,jan4 #d1 #ahdc1 ) ! foll[+ extraord9>y ca/3 ,,nor9a ,mme4 ,,grisi4 ,,erne/o ,sig4 ,,m>io4 ,,dr4 ,,malate/a ,sig4 ,,tambur9i4 ,,don ,,pasquale ,sig4 ,,labla*e4 ,! sc5e ( ?is brilliant & gay little op]a is laid 9 ,rome4 ,don ,pasquale is 9 a rage ) ,erne/o1 8 nephew1 because he w n m>ry to suit him4 ,dr4 ,malate/a1 8 fri5d & physician1 :o is also v mu* atta*$ to ! nephew1 contrives a plot 9 ! latt]'s int]e/4 ,he visits ! ,don1 & urges him to m>ry a lady1 pret5d+ t %e is 8 si/]1 ?\gh 9 reality %e is ,nor9a1 ) :om ,erne/o is 9 love4 ,he !n calls ^u ,nor9a1 & lets h] into ! secret ( ! plot1 & in/ructs h] h[ to play h] "p4 ,%e is to cons5t to ! m>riage contract1 & !n s h>ass ! ,don t he w n only be glad to get rid ( h]1 b w give 8 cons5t to h] m>riage ) ,erne/o4 ,! second act op5s 9 ,don ,pasquale's h\se1 :]e ,erne/o is bewail+ 8 fate4 ,! ,don ent]s1 magnific5tly dress$1 & ready = ! m>riage4 ,nor9a appe>s ) ,malate/a1 & feigns reluctance to ent] into ! contract2 b :5 ! not>y arrives %e cons5ts to sign4 ,no soon]1 h[ev]1 has %e sign$ x ?an %e drops h] assum$ mode/y4 ,erne/o1 :o is pres5t1 is bewild]$ at ! condition ( affairs1 b is kept quiet by a sign f ! ,doctor4 ,nor9a refuses all ! ,don's amatory demon/rations1 & decl>es ,erne/o %all be h] escort4 ,%e summons ! s]vants1 & lays out a s*eme ( h\sekeep+ s extravagant t ! ,don is enrag$1 & decl>es he w n pay ! bills4 ,%e insi/s he %all1 = %e is n[ ma/] ( ! h\se4 ,9 ! ?ird act we f9d ,nor9a ent]ta9+ mill9]s & modi/es4 ,don ,pasquale ent]s1 & le>n+ t %e is go+ to ! !atre =bids x1 :i* leads to a qu>rel1 dur+ :i* ,nor9a boxes 8 e>s4 ,z %e leaves ! room %e drops a lett]1 ! read+ ( :i* adds ! pangs ( jeal\sy to 8 o!r tr\bles4 ,! ,doctor at ?is juncture happ5s 9 & condoles ) him4 ,! ,don insi/s t ,nor9a %all quit 8 h\se at once4 ,9 ! next sc5e he taxes h] ) hav+ a lov] conceal$ 9 ! h\se1 & ord]s h] to leave4 ,! ,doctor c\nsels him to let 8 nephew m>ry ,nor9a2 & 9 ! c\rse ( explanations ! ,don discov]s t ! ,doctor's si/] & ,nor9a are "o & ! same p]son1 & t ! m>riage 0 a %am4 ,he is only too glad ( an escape to qu>rel ) ! ,doctor = 8 plot1 & ! "y c\ple are spe$ily unit$1 & h ! old man's bless+4 ,! *>m ( ! op]a lies 9 its comic situations1 & ! gay1 bright music ) :i* !y are illu/rat$4 ,x is replete ) humor & _s1 & fl[s along 9 su* a bright /ream t x is almo/ impossible to cull out special numb]s1 ?\gh x conta9s two duets & a qu>tet :i* are ( m ?an ord9>y beauty1 & ! exquisite s]5ade 9 ! la/ act1 ,com'e g5til1 :i* has be5 he>d on almo/ e conc]t-/age ( ! _w1 & /ill holds its place 9 univ]sal popul> e/eem4 ,= brilliant gayety x /&s 9 ! front rank ( all comic op]as1 ?\gh ,donizetti 0 b ?ree weeks 9 writ+ x4 ,x is said t :5 x 0 9 rehe>sal its fate 0 unc]ta94 ,! or*e/ra & s+]s receiv$ x v coldly2 b :5 ! rehe>sal 0 ov]1 ,donizetti m]ely %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s & rem>k$ to 8 fri5d1 ,m4 ,dormoy1 ! publi%]3 ,let !m alone2 !y "k no?+ ab\t x4 ,i "k :at is ! matt] ) ',don ,pasquale4' ,come ) me4 ,!y w5t to ! compos]'s h\se4 ,rummag+ among a pile ( manuscripts1 ,donizetti pull$ out a song4 ,?is is :at ',don ,pasquale' wants1 he said4 ,take x to ,m>io & tell him to le>n x at once4 ,m>io obey$1 & :5 ! op]a 0 p]=m$ sang x to ! accompanim5t ( a tamb\r9e1 :i* ,labla*e play$ beh9d ! sc5es4 ,! op]a 0 a success at once1 & no song has ev] be5 m popul>4 ,9 /range contra/ ) ! gay humor ( ,don ,pasquale1 x may be /at$ t 9 ! same ye> ,donizetti wrote ! m\rnful ,don ,seba/ian1 :i* has be5 describ$ z a fun]al 9 five acts4 ,cr[e/1 9 8 ,anecdotes1 decl>es t ! s]5ade is sugge/ive ( ,highl& music1 & t _m ( 8 o!r op]as are ,scotti% 9 color4 ,he acc\nts = ?is ^u ! !ory t ! compos] 0 ( ,scot* desc5t1 8 gr&fa!r hav+ be5 a native ( ,p]?%ire1 by ! "n ( ,izett1 & t 8 fa!r1 :o m>ri$ an ,italian lady1 0 ,donald ,izett4 ,! *ange f ,donald ,izett to ,donizetti 0 an easy "o4 ,! /ory1 h[ev]1 is ( d\btful au!nticity4 ,,lucia ,,di ,,lamm]moor4 ,lucia di ,lamm]moor1 an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,camm>ano1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,naples 9 #ahce1 ) ,mme4 ,p]siani & ,sig4 ,duprez1 = :om ! "w 0 writt51 9 ! pr9cipal roles ( ,lucia & ,edg>do4 ,its fir/ pres5tation at ,p>is 0 ,aug4 #aj1 #ahci2 9 ,london1 ,april #e1 #ahch2 & 9 ,engli%1 at ! ,pr9cess ,!atre1 ,london1 ,jan4 #ai1 #ahdc4 ,! subject ( ! op]a is tak5 f ,sir ,walt] ,scott's novel1 ,! ,bride ( ,lamm]moor1 & ! sc5e is laid 9 ,scotl&1 "t1 ab\t #affi4 ,sir ,h5ry ,a%ton1 ( ,lamm]moor1 bro!r ( ,lucy1 ! h]o9e1 has arrang$ a m>riage betwe5 h] & ,"l ,ar?ur ,bucklaw1 9 ord] to recov] ! =tune :i* he has dissipat$1 & to save himself f political p]il he has incurr$ by 8 p>ticipation 9 movem5ts aga9/ ! reign+ dyna/y4 ,sir ,edg> ,rav5swood1 ) :om he is at enmity1 is deeply atta*$ to ,lucy1 :o reciprocates 8 love1 & on ! eve ( 8 dep>ture on an embassy to ,france pl$ges h]self to him4 ,dur+ 8 abs5ce ,edg>'s lett]s are int]cept$ by h] bro!r1 :o h9ts to h] ( 8 infidelity1 & f9ally %[s h] a =g$ pap] :i* %e accepts z ! pro( t he is untrue4 ,ov]come ) grief at h] lov]'s suppos$ unfai?fulness1 & yield+ to ! pressure ( h] bro!r's necessities1 %e at la/ cons5ts to h] union ) ,"l ,ar?ur4 ,! m>riage contract is sign$ ) great c]emony1 & j z %e has plac$ h] "n to ! fatal pap]1 ,edg> sudd5ly appe>s4 ,le>n+ f ,lucy :at %e has done1 he tramples ! contract "u foot1 hurls an imprecation ^u ! h\se ( ,lamm]moor1 & bur/s out ( ! room 9 a t]rible rage4 ,sir ,h5ry foll[s him1 & a fi]ce qu>rel ensues1 :i* ends 9 a *all5ge4 ,mean:ile1 at night1 aft] ! newly w$d$ c\ple h retir$1 a noise is he>d 9 _! ap>tm5t4 ,! att5dants ru% 9 & f9d ,"l ,ar?ur dy+ f w\nds inflict$ by ,lucy1 ^: grief has made h] insane4 ,:5 %e returns to reason1 ! ?\ght ( :at %e has done & ! horror ( h] situation ov]come h]1 & %ortly dea? puts an end to h] wret*$ness4 ,ignorant ( h] fate1 ,edg> goes to ! *ur*y>d ( ,rav5swood1 :i* has be5 select$ z ! r5dezv\s = ! duel ) ,sir ,h5ry4 ,:ile impati5tly wait+ 8 appe>ance1 ! bell ( ! ca/le tolls1 & "s ( ! att5dants acco/+ him br+ ! news ( h] dea?4 ,! despair+ lov] kills himself among ! graves ( 8 ance/ors1 & ! sombre /ory ends4 ,! popul> v]dict has /amp$ ,lucia z ,donizetti's ma/]piece1 & if ! cons5sus ( musicians c\ld be obta9$1 x w\ld unque/ionably confirm ! v]dict4 ,x conta9s incomp>ably ! gr&e/ ( 8 arias = t5or1 ! ,tomb song 9 ! la/ act1 & "o ( ! f9e/ dramatic conc]t$ numb]s1 ! sextet 9 ! second act1 t c be f\nd 9 any ,italian op]a4 ,l ! qu>tet 9 ,rigoletto1 x /&s out 9 su* bold relief1 & is s ?or\ghly orig9al & spontane\s1 t x may be class$ z an inspiration4 ,! music ?r\gh\t is ( ! mo/ sombre "*4 ,x does n conta9 a joy\s phrase4 ,& yet x c nev] be *>g$ ) monotony4 ,e aria1 ?\gh its tone is s]i\s & m (t5 melan*oly1 has its own *>act]i/ics1 & ! climaxes are work$ up ) great p[]4 ,9 ! fir/ act1 = in/ance1 ! contra/s are v m>k$ betwe5 ,h5ry's aria 7,cruda1 fune/a smania71 ! *orus ( hunt]s 7,come v9ti da /an*ezza71 ,h5ry's second aria 7,la pietade 9 suo favore71 9 :i* he ?reat5s v5geance ^u ,edg>1 ! dramatic & beautifully writt5 arias = ,lucy1 ,regnava nel sil5zio & ,qu&o rapita 9 e/asi1 & ! passionate f>ewell duet betwe5 ,lucy & ,edg>1 :i* is ! v ec/asy ( comm+l$ love & sorr[4 ,! second act conta9s a p[]ful duet 7,le tradirmi tu potrai7 betwe5 ,lucy & ,h5ry2 b ! musical int]e/ ( ! act c5tres 9 ! great sextet1 ,*i mi fr5a1 :i* ensues :5 ,edg> makes 8 unexpect$ appe>ance ^u ! sc5e ( ! m>riage contract4 ,= beauty1 p[]1 ri*ness ( melody & dramatic expression1 few conc]t$ numb]s by any compos] c rival x4 ,! la/ act also conta9s two numb]s :i* are always ! delight ( great arti/s1--! mad song ( ,lucy1 ,oh1 gioja *e si s5ti1 & ! magnific5t tomb sc5a1 ,tomba degl'avi miei1 :i* af=ds ev5 ! mo/ accompli%$ t5or ample scope = 8 highe/ p[]s4 ,l',,elisir ,d',,amore4 ,l',elisir d',amore1 an op]a buffa 9 two acts1 words by ,romani1 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,milan1 9 #ahcb1 & 9 ,engli%1 at ,drury ,lane1 9 #ahci1 z ,! ,love ,spell4 ,! h]o9e ( ?is graceful little op]a is ,ad9a1 a caprici\s c\ntry girl1 :o is lov$ by ,nemor9o1 a "y f>m]1 ^: uncle lies at ! po9t ( dea?1 & by ,belcore1 a s]geant1 ^: troops are billet$ ^u ! neighbor+ village4 ,:ile ,ad9a keeps bo? ^! suitors 9 susp5se1 ,dr4 ,dulcam>a1 a travell+ quack1 arrives at ! village 9 great /ate to v5d 8 no/rums4 ,nemor9o applies to him = a bottle ( ! ,elixir ( ,love1--) ! magical prop]ties ( :i* he has become acqua9t$ 9 a romance ,ad9a has be5 read+ t v morn+4 ,! m\ntebank1 ( c\rse1 has no su* liquid1 b he passes (f on ! simple peasant a bottle ( w9e1 & assures him t if he dr9ks ( x he c comm& ! love ( any "o on ! morr[4 ,to ?or\ghly te/ its efficacy1 ,nemor9o dr9ks ! :ole ( x4 ,:5 he enc\nt]s ,ad9a he is half tipsy1 & acco/s h] 9 su* disrespectful /yle t %e becomes enrag$1 & det]m9es to give h] h& to ! s]geant1 & promises to m>ry him 9 a week4 ,mean:ile an ord] comes = ! dep>ture ( ! s]geant's deta*m5t1 & he begs h] to m>ry him ! same day4 ,%e gives h] cons5t1 & ! second act op5s ) ! assembl+ ( ! villag]s to witness ! sign+ ( ! m>riage contract4 ,:ile ! s]geant1 ,ad9a1 & ! not>y h retir$ to sign & witness ! contract1 ,nemor9o ent]s 9 despair1 & f9d+ ,dulcam>a enjoy+ a repa/1 he implores him to give him "s *>m t w make ,ad9a love him at once4 ,hav+ no money1 ! quack refuses to assi/ him1 & ,nemor9o is aga9 plung$ into despair4 ,at ?is juncture ! s]geant ent]s1 n 9 ! be/ ( humor1 = ,ad9a has decl9$ to sign ! contract until ev5+4 ,discov]+ t ,nemor9o wants money1 he urges him to enli/4 ,! bonus ( tw5ty cr[ns is a temptation4 ,nemor9o enli/s1 takes ! money1 hurries to ! quack1 & obta9s a second bottle ( ! elixir1 :i* is mu* m p[]ful ?an ! fir/4 ,9 ! next sc5e ! girls ( ! village h discov]$ t ,nemor9o's uncle has di$ & left him all ! prop]ty1 ?\gh ,nemor9o himself has n he>d ( x4 ,!y cr[d ab\t him1 try+ to attract 8 att5tion ) _! *>ms & bl&i%m5ts4 ,he attributes 8 sudd5 popul>ity to ! effects ( ! elixir1 & ev5 ! quack is some:at bewild]$ at ! rem>kable *ange4 ,nemor9o n[ det]m9es to pay ,ad9a (f 9 k9d1 & at la/ r\ses h] jeal\sy4 ,mean:ile ,dulcam>a acqua9ts h] ) ! effects ( ! elixir & advises h] to try "s ( x1 & dur+ ! int]view inadv]t5tly in=ms h] ( ,nemor9o's atta*m5t = h]4 ,/ruck ) 8 devotion1 %e repays ! s]geant h]self1 ann\nces h] *ange ( m9d1 & be/[s h] h& ^u ! fai?ful ,nemor9o4 ,l ,don ,pasquale1 ! op]a is exce$+ly graceful 9 its con/ruction1 & v bright & gay 9 its musical effects1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! duets1 ( :i* !re are two1--"o betwe5 ,dulcam>a & ,nemor9o 9 ! fir/ act 7,obbligato1 ah6 si obbligato71 & "o betwe5 ,dulcam>a & ,ad9a 9 ! second act 7,quanto amore6 ed io spietata71 :i* are *>m+ 9 _! _s & humor4 ,!re is also an admirable buffo song 9 ! fir/ act1 beg9n+ ) ! recitative1 ,udite1 udite1 o ru/ici1 9 :i* ! ,doctor describes 8 w>es to ! ru/ics1 & a beautiful romanza 9 ! second act = t5or 7,una furtiva lagrima71 :i* is ( _w-wide popul>ity1 & be>s ! same relation to ! g5]al sett+ ( ! "w t ! ,s]5ade does to ,don ,pasquale4 ,,lucrezia ,,borgia4 ,lucrezia ,borgia1 an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,romani1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,la ,scala1 ,milan1 9 #ahcd4 ,! subject 0 tak5 f ,victor ,hugo's trag$y ( ! same "n1 & its text 0 freely adapt$ by ,romani4 ,:5 x 0 produc$ 9 ,p>is1 9 #ahdj1 ,victor ,hugo took /eps to suppress any fur!r repres5tations4 ,! libretto 0 !n rewritt51 "u ! title ( ,la ,r9egata1 ! ,italian *>act]s 7 *ang$ to ,turks1 & 9 ?is mutilat$ =m ! p]=mances 7 resum$4 ,x 0 9 ?is op]a t ,signor ,m>io made 8 ,engli% debut1 9 #ahci1 ) great success4 ,its fir/ pres5tation 9 ,engli% 0 at ,london1 ,dec4 #cj1 #ahdc4 ,! hi/ory ( ,lucrezia ,borgia1 daught] ( ,rodrigo ,borgia1 aft]w>ds ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi41 & si/] ( ,caes> ,borgia1 is too well kn[n to ne$ recapitulation4 ,x is necess>y to ! compreh5sion ( ! /ory ( ! op]a1 h[ev]1 to /ate t %e _h an illegitimate son1 nam$ ,g5>ro1 :o 0 left :5 an infant ) a fi%]man1 b :o subsequ5tly ent]$ ! ,v5etian army & rose to an em95t rank4 ,! op]a op5s ) a brilliant fe/ival 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,b>b]igo ,palace1 :i* is att5d$ by ,g5>ro1 ,ors9i1 & o!rs1 all ( !m cordial hat]s ( ! dete/able ,borgias4 ,:ile !y are tell+ tales ( ,lucrezia's cruel de$s1 ,g5>ro lies d[n & goes to sleep1 & ,ors9i 9 a spirit$ aria 7,nelle fatal di ,rim9i7 relates to 8 companions ! /ory ( ,g5>ro's gallantry at ! battle ( ,rim9i4 ,z !y leave1 ,lucrezia approa*es1 mask$1 9 a gondola1 & is receiv$ by ,gubetta1 ) :om %e has come to ,v5ice on "s secret err&4 ,%e discov]s ,g5>ro asleep1 & expresses h] delight at 8 beauty1 & at ! same "t h] mat]nal love1 9 a brilliant aria 7,com'e bello74 ,z %e kisses 8 h& he wakes1 & 9 ! duet :i* foll[s tells h] ! /ory ( 8 e>ly life 9 an exquisite romanza 7,di pescatore ignobile71 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ famili> numb]s 9 ,italian op]a4 ,he begs h] to reveal h] "n1 b %e refuses4 ,z he cont9ues to implore h]1 8 fri5ds return & d5\nce h] to ,g5>ro z ! hat$ ,borgia1 9 a conc]t$ numb] 7,*i siam noi sol *i>irla7 ( great dramatic p[]1 :i* closes ! fir/ act4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! public squ>e ( ,f]r>a1 ) ! palace ( ! ,borgias on ! "r4 ,! ,duke ,alphonso1 ,lucrezia's husb&1 :o has be5 obs]vant ( ,lucrezia's atta*m5t to ,g5>ro1 v[s v5geance 9 a passionate aria 7,vi5i la mia v5detta74 ,9 ! next sc5e ,g5>ro1 :o has be5 taunt$ by 8 fri5ds ) be+ a victim ( ,lucrezia's fasc9ations1 recklessly ru%es up to ! palace door & /rikes (f ! fir/ lett] ( h] "n ) 8 dagg]4 ,:5 ,lucrezia discov]s ! insult1 %e dem&s ( ! ,duke t ! guilty p]son %all be arre/$ & condemn$ to dea?4 ,! ,duke has already seiz$ ,g5>ro1 & agrees to c>ry out 8 wife's dem&s4 ,:5 ! prison] is br\ght be=e !m = judgm5t1 %e is horror-/rick5 to f9d he is h] son4 ,%e implores 8 life1 b ! infuriat$ ,duke retaliates ^u h] ) ! decl>ation t %e is 8 p>am\r4 ,! duet betwe5 !m 7,o6 a te bada71 9 :i* ,lucrezia passes f humble entreaties to rage & m5ace1 is a f9e in/ance ( ,donizetti's dramatic p[]4 ,! ,duke1 h[ev]1 is resolute 9 8 det]m9ation1 & w only all[ h] to *oose ! mode ( ,g5>ro's dea?4 ,%e selects ! ,borgia w9e1 :i* is poison$4 ,g5>ro is call$ 91 & aft] a trio 7,le ti tradisce71 :i* is "o ( ! /ronge/ numb]s 9 ! op]a1 he is giv5 ! fatal draught "u ! pret5ce ( a f>ewell greet+ f ! ,duke1 :o !n leaves "m & son toge!r4 ,%e gives him an antidote1 & he is ?us sav$ f ! fate :i* ! ,duke _h int5d$ = him4 ,! la/ act op5s at a banquet 9 ! palace ( ! ,pr9cess ,negroni1 :i* is att5d$ by ,g5>ro & 8 fri5ds1 ,lucrezia1 mean:ile1 suppos+ t he has gone to ,v5ice4 ,dur+ ! repa/ %e has manag$ to poison _! w9e4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! gay revel ,ors9i s+s ! popul> dr9k+-song1 ,il segreto p] ess] felici1 :i* is n[ famili> ! _w ov]4 ,! fe/ivities are int]rupt$1 h[ev]1 by ! appe>ance ( ,lucrezia1 :o reveals h]self ) ! taunt+ decl>ation3 ,yes1 ,i am ,borgia4 ,a m\rnful dance ye gave me 9 ,v5ice1 & ,i return ye a supp] 9 ,f]r>a4 ,%e !n ann\nces t !y are poison$4 ,! music is *ang$ ) great skill f ! wild revelry ( dr9k+-songs to ! sombre /ra9s ( approa*+ dea?4 ,five c(f9s are %[n !m1 :5 ,g5>ro sudd5ly reveals himself to ,lucrezia & asks = ! six?4 ,! horror-/rick5 woman aga9 p]ceives t h] son has be5 poison$ by h] own h&4 ,z 8 companions leave ! ap>tm5t %e implores ,g5>ro to take ! antidote once m1 & at la/ reveals h]self z 8 "m4 ,he /eadily refuses to save himself1 h[ev]1 s9ce 8 companions h to die1 & expires 9 h] arms j z ! ,duke & 8 foll[]s ent]4 ,%e discloses ,g5>ro's relation%ip1 & !n dies ) ! despair+ cry on h] lips t ,heav5 has pron\nc$ its f9al judgm5t ^u h]4 ,among all ( ,donizetti's op]as1 n "o1 unless x be ,lucia1 is m popul> ?an ,lucrezia ,borgia1 :i* may be attribut$ to ! fact t :ile ! /ory itself is "o ( fasc9at+ dramatic int]e/1 ! musical numb]s are simple1 beautiful1 & effective4 ,,flot[4 ,fri$ri* von ,flot[ 0 born ,april #bg1 #ahab1 9 ! du*y ( ,meckl5b]g-,s*w]91 & 9 #ahbg w5t to ,p>is1 :]e he /udi$ music "u ,rei*a4 ,8 fir/ "w 0 ,/radella1 a m]e sket* 9 its orig9al =m1 :i* 0 br\ght out at ! ,palais ,royal 9 #ahcg2 b 8 fir/ public success 0 made 9 #ahci1 ) 8 op]a1 ,le ,naufrage de la ,m$use1 :i* _h a run1 & 0 aft]w>ds produc$ 9 ,g]many "u ! title ( ,die ,matros54 ,l',esclave de ,camo5s appe>$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahdc2 ,/radella1 rewritt5 z an op]a1 9 ,hamburg 7#ahdd72 ,l',ame en pe9e1 9 ,p>is 7#ahdf72 ,m>?a1 9 ,vi5na 7#ahdg74 ,! works ( 8 lat] p]iod1 :i* nev] equall$ 8 e>li] ones 9 popul>ity1 7 ,die ,grossfu]/9 7#ahej72 ,indra 7#ahec72 ,rubezahl 7#ahed72 ,hilda 7#ahee72 ,d] ,muell] von ,m]an 7#ahef72 ,la ,veuve ,grap9 7#ahei72 ,l',ombre 7#ahfi72 ,naida 7#ahgc72 ,il ,flor d',h>lem 7#ahgf72 & ,en*ant]esse 7#ahgh74 ,( ^! lat] works1 ,l',ombre 0 ! mo/ successful1 & 0 receiv$ ) favor 9 ,france1 ,italy1 ,spa91 & ,engl&1 9 :i* latt] c\ntry x 0 p]=m$ "u ! title ( ,! ,phantom4 ,9 #ahef he receiv$ ! appo9tm5t ( ,int5dant ( ! !atre ( ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,meckl5b]g1 & he ent]$ ^u 8 duties ) high hopes ( mak+ ! !atre ex]cise ! same influ5ce ^u music 9 ,g]many z ! ,weim> /age2 b c\rt intrigues & rivalries ( arti/s s disgu/$ him t he resign$ 9 #ahfc & w5t to ,p>is1 & a few ye>s lat] to ,vi5na1 :]e he took up 8 abode4 ,outside ( a few ( 8 op]as 8 works are little kn[n1 ?\gh he compos$ a ,fackeltanz1 "s incid5tal music to ! ,w9t]'s ,tale ( ,%akspe>e1 & sev]al ov]tures1 songs1 & *amb]-pieces4 ,an int]e/+ episode 9 8 c>e] occurr$ 9 #ahch1 :5 he br\ght out an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 ! ,duc de ,guise1 at ! ,!atre de la ,r5aissance1 ! libretto bas$ ^u ,dumas's ,h5ri ,,iii4 ,! p]=mance 0 organiz$ by ! ,pr9cess ,cz>toryska1 = ! b5efit ( ! ,poles4 ,mme4 de ,lagrange made h] debut 9 a lead+ "p1 & ! p>ts ( ! *ori/]s 7 fill$ by du*esses & pr9cesses ( ! ,faub\rg ,/4 ,g]ma91 ^u ^: p]sons two million doll>s wor? ( diamonds 7 blaz+1--suffici5t evid5ce t ! p]=mance 0 brilliant 9 at lea/ "o s5se4 ,he di$ at ,wiesbad51 ,jan4 #bd1 #ahhc4 ,,m>?a4 ,m>?a1 an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 libretto by ,/4 ,georges1 translat$ into ,g]man by ,fri$ri*1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,vi5na1 ,nov4 #be1 #ahdg1 ) ,mlle4 ,anna ,z]r 9 ! title-role1 ,h]r ,&] z ,lionel1 & ,c>l ,=mes z ,plunkett4 ,x 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,engli% & ,italian at ,london 9 #aheh1 & 9 ,fr5* at ,p>is 9 #ahfe4 ,! hi/ory ( its orig9 is int]e/+4 ,m4 de ,/4 ,georges1 at ! reque/ ( ! manag] ( ! ,p>is ,gr& ,op]a1 wrote 9 #ahdb ! libretto to a ballet entitl$ ,lady ,h5rietta1 or ! ,s]vant ( ,gre5wi*1 ! subject be+ sugge/$ to him by ! adv5tures ( two ladies ( 8 acqua9tance :o _h m+l$ ) s]vants at a fair4 ,! music 0 confid$ to ?ree compos]s4 ,! fir/ act 0 giv5 to ,h]r von ,flot[1 ! second to ,h]r ,burgmull]1 & ! ?ird to ,m4 ,deldeves4 ,! ballet _h su* a rem>kable success1 & ,flot[ 0 s delight$ ) ! plot1 t he entreat$ ,/4 ,georges to rewrite x = an op]a4 ,! latt] cons5t$1 & ! result ( _! collaboration 0 ! appe>ance ( "o ( ! mo/ popul> op]as :i* has ev] be5 plac$ ^u ! /age4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid at ,ri*mond1 ,engl&1 & ! "t is dur+ ! reign ( ,que5 ,anne1 ?\gh ! ,italian v]sion places x 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ! ,fr5* 9 ! n9ete5?4 ,lady ,h5rietta1 an att5dant ^u ! ,que51 tir$ ( ! amusem5ts ( c\rt life1 contrives a plan to visit ! s]vants' fair at ,ri*mond disguis$ z a s]vant-girl1 & accompani$ by ,nancy1 h] maid1 & ,sir ,tri/an1 h] some:at ag$ c\s91 :o is also h] devot$ admir]4 ,9 ! fir/ ?ree sc5es _! plans are laid mu* to ! disgu/ ( ,sir ,tri/an1 :o is to pass z ,john1 :ile 8 fair c\s9 masqu]ades z ,m>?a4 ,! duet betwe5 ! ladies 7,( ! ,knights s brave & *>m+71 & ! trio ) ,tri/an1 are 9 dance "t1 & full ( animation4 ,! f\r? sc5e op5s 9 ! m>ket-place at ,ri*mond1 :]e ! p are ga!r+ to ! fair4 ,?i!r also resort ,plunkett1 a f>m]1 & ,lionel1 8 bro!r by adoption1 ^: p>5tage is unkn[n1 & :o has no s\v5ir ( 8 fa!r except a r+ :i* has be5 left = him1 ) in/ructions to pres5t x to ! ,que5 if he ev] f9ds himself 9 tr\ble4 ,lionel tells 8 /ory 9 an aria 7,lo/1 proscrib$1 an humble ,/rang]7 :i* is univ]sally popul>1 & ! melody ( :i* has be5 set to v>i\s words4 ,!y h come to ! fair to procure help = _! f>m4 ,:ile ! %]iff1 accord+ to law1 is b9d+ ! girls = a ye>'s s]vice1 ,plunkett & ,lionel meet ,m>?a & ,nancy1 & are s delight$ ) _! appe>ance t !y t5d] !m ! cu/om>y bonus1 or e>ne/-money1 :i* secures !m4 ,too late = escape1 !y f9d t !y are actually engag$1 & !y are oblig$ to drive away ) ! "y f>m]s1 leav+ ,sir ,tri/an 9 despair4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! f>m-h\se1 :]e ! f\r h arriv$4 ,! f>m]s inquire _! names1 & seek to f9d out :at !y c d1 te/+ !m fir/ at ! sp9n+-:eel4 ,! sp9n+ qu>tet 7,:5 ! ,foot ! ,:eel turns lightly7 is v gay & full ( humor1 & is "o ( ! mo/ delightful conc]t$ numb]s 9 ! op]a4 ,! bro!rs soon f9d t _! new s]vants are useless1 b !y are s pleas$ ) !m t !y decide to keep !m4 ,at la/ ,nancy1 9 a pet1 kicks h] :eel ov] & runs (f1 foll[$ by ,plunkett4 ,lionel1 left alone ) ,m>?a1 gr[s v t5d] to ! new s]vant1 & at la/ f9ds himself viol5tly 9 love4 ,he snat*es a rose f h] bosom1 & refuses to return x unless %e w cons5t to s+4 ,%e replies ) ! famili> ballad1 ',tis ! la/ ,rose ( ,summ]1 :i* ,flot[ has int]polat$ 9 ?is sc5e1 & 9 ! p]=mance ( :i* he makes a *>m+ effect by introduc+ ! t5or 9 ! close4 ,h] s++ only makes him ! m desp]ately enam\r$1 & he asks h] to be 8 wife on ! spot1 only to f9d himself ! victim ( ,m>?a's sport1 al?\gh 8 devotion & s9c]ity h made a deep impression ^u h]4 ,plunkett & ,nancy at la/ return1 & ano!r *>m+ qu>tet foll[s 7,midnight s\nds71 bett] kn[n z ! ,good ,night ,qu>tet4 ,! two bro!rs retire1 b ,m>?a & ,nancy1 aid$ by ,tri/an1 :o has foll[$ !m & discov]$ _! :]eab\ts1 make good _! escape4 ,! next sc5e op5s 9 ! woods1 :]e sev]al f>m]s are dr9k+ & c>\s+1 among !m ,plunkett1 :o s+s a rollick+ dr9k+-song 7,i want to ask y74 ,_! sport is int]rupt$ by a hunt+-p>ty1 compos$ ( ! ,que5 & h] c\rt ladies4 ,plunkett & ,lionel recognize _! fugitive s]vants among !m1 ?\gh ! ladies disclaim all k ( !m4 ,plunkett attempts to seize ,nancy1 b ! huntresses attack him & *ase him away1 leav+ ,lionel & ,lady ,h5rietta toge!r aga94 ,! sc5e conta9s two ( ! mo/ beautiful numb]s 9 ! op]a1--! t5or solo1 ,l a ,dream bright & fair 7,m' app>i 9 ! ,italian v]sion71 & a romance = soprano 7,"h 9 deepe/ =e/ ,%ad[s72 & ! act closes ) a beautiful conc]t$ f9ale1 qu9tet & *orus1 :i* is work$ up ) great p[]4 ,9 ?is f9ale ! despair+ ,lionel be?9ks him ( 8 r+4 ,he gives x to ,plunkett1 desir+ him to pres5t x to ! ,que54 ,by means ( ! jewel x is discov]$ t he is ! only son ( ! late ,e>l ( ,d]by1 & %e ord]s 8 e/ates1 ( :i* he has be5 unju/ly depriv$1 to be re/or$ to him4 ,! la/ act is n important 9 a musical s5se1 = ! climax is atta9$ 9 ! previ\s f9ale4 ,! dramatic d5\em5t is soon rea*$1 & ! ,lady ,h5rietta1 :o has = "s "t be5 s]i\sly 9 love ) ,lionel1 is at la/ unit$ to him2 & x is almo/ ne$less to add t ! =tunes ( ,plunkett & ,nancy are also jo9$4 ,! *>m ( ,m>?a is its livel9ess 9 action & tunefulness 9 music4 ,?\gh n a great op]a f a musical po9t ( view1 x is "o ( ! mo/ popul> 9 ! mod]n rep]tory1 & ?\gh few o!rs h be5 p]=m$ s _m times1 x /ill reta9s t popul>ity4 ,its melodies1 ?\gh sung 9 e c\ntry ( ! civiliz$ _w by amateurs & pr(essional arti/s1 h n yet lo/ _! *>ms4 ,,/radella4 ,/radella1 a romantic op]a 9 ?ree acts1 0 fir/ writt5 z a lyric drama & produc$ at ! ,palais ,royal ,!atre1 ,p>is1 9 #ahcg1 & 0 subsequ5tly rewritt5 9 its pres5t =m "u ! title ( ,aless&ro ,/radella & produc$ at ,hamburg1 ,dec4 #cj1 #ahdd4 ,! ,engli% v]sion1 :i* 0 some:at alt]$ by ,bunn1 0 produc$ 9 ,london1 ,june #f1 #ahdf4 ,! /ory foll[s ! hi/oric n>rative ( ,/radella1 ! ,italian musician1 except 9 ! d5\em5t4 ,/radella woos & w9s ,leonora1 ! fair w>d ( ,bassi1 a ri* ,v5etian nobleman1 ) :om ! latt] is himself 9 love4 ,!y fly to ,rome & are m>ri$4 ,bassi hires two bravoes1 ,b>b>9o & ,malvolio1 to foll[ !m & kill ,/radella4 ,!y track him to 8 h\se1 & :ile ! bridal p>ty are abs5t ent] & conceal !mselves1 ,bassi be+ ) !m4 ,^u ?is occasion1 h[ev]1 !y d n wait to accompli% _! purpose4 ,subsequ5tly !y ga9 admission aga9 9 ! guise ( pilgrims1 & are hospitably receiv$ by ,/radella4 ,9 ! next sc5e ,/radella1 ,leonora1 & ! two bravoes are toge!r 9 ! same ap>tm5t1 s++ ! praises ( _! native ,italy4 ,dur+ _! laudations ! *orus ( a b& ( pilgrims on _! way to ! %r9e ( ! ,virg9 is he>d1 & ,leonora & ,/radella g out to greet !m4 ,! bravoes h be5 s mov$ by ,/radella's s++ t !y hesitate 9 _! purpose4 ,bassi ent]s & upbraids !m1 & f9ally1 by ! pr(f] ( a /ill l>g] sum1 induces !m to cons5t to c>ry out 8 design4 ,!y conceal !mselves4 ,/radella returns & rehe>ses a hymn to ! ,virg9 :i* he is to s+ at ! fe/ivities on ! morr[4 ,its exquisite beauty t\*es !m s deeply t !y ru% out ( _! hid+-place1 & fall+ at 8 feet confess ! object ( _! visit & implore 8 =giv5ess4 ,leonora ent]s1 & is a/oni%$ to f9d h] gu>dian pres5t4 ,explanations foll[1 a reconciliation is effect$1 & ! lov]s are happy4 ,! d5\em5t diff]s f ! hi/orical /ory1 :i*1 accord+ to ,bonnet1 ,b\rdelot1 & o!rs1 ends ) ! dea? ( ! lov]s at ,g5oa1 at ! h&s ( ! hir$ assass9s4 ,! op]a is "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ ( ,flot['s works = its apt union ( v melodi\s music ) dramatic int]e/4 ,its mo/ beautiful numb]s are ,/radella's s]5ade 7,hor*1 ,lieb*51 hor*671 ! foll[+ nocturne 7,dur* die ,?ael]1 ueb] ,huegel71 ! brilliant & animat$ c>nival *orus 7,freudesaus51 ,jubelbraus57 ( ! masqu]ad]s :o assi/ 9 ! elopem5t1 9 ! fir/ act2 ! aria ( ,leonora 9 h] bridal *amb] 7,seid me9] ,wonne71 ! rollick+ dr9k+-song ( ! two bravoes 7',raus mit dem ,nass aus dem ,fass7 & ! b&it ballad 7,tief 9 d5 ,abruzz5 7 sung by ,/radella1 9 ! second act2 an exquisite t]zetto 7,sag do* an1 ,freund ,b>b>9o7 sung by ,bassi & ! two bravoes :5 !y hesitate to p]=m _! "w1 & ,/radella's lovely hymn to ! ,virg9 7,jungfrau ,m>ia6 ,himmlis* v]kla]te71 9 ! la/ act4 ,,gluck4 ,*ri/oph ,willibald ,gluck1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t ( ,g]man op]atic compos]s1 0 born at ,weid5wang 9 ! ,upp] ,palat9ate1 ,july #b1 #agad4 ,he began 8 musical /udies 9 a ,bohemian ,jesuits' ,s*ool at ! age ( twelve4 ,9 8 eighte5? ye> he w5t to ,prague1 :]e he cont9u$ 8 education ) ,cz]nhorsky4 ,f\r ye>s lat] he 0 =tunate en\gh to secure ,pr9ce ,melzi = a patron1 :o s5t him to ,milan1 :]e he complet$ 8 /udies ) ,samm>t9i4 ,f #agda to #agde he produc$ num]\s op]as1 :i* 7 well receiv$1 & 9 ! latt] ye> visit$ ,london1 :]e he br\ght out sev]al works1 among !m ,la ,caduta de' ,giganti4 ,8 ,engli% exp]i5ce 0 f> f satisfactory1 & he soon return$ to ,g]many1 /opp+ at ,p>is on ! way1 :]e ,rameau's op]as _h a /rong influ5ce ^u him4 ,f #agdf to #agfb he wrote a l>ge numb] ( op]as1 ) v>y+ success s f> z p]=mance 0 conc]n$1 b ) great & la/+ b5efit to 8 /yle & fame1 z 0 %[n :5 8 ,orpheus 0 fir/ produc$1 ,oct4 #e1 #agfb4 ,its success det]m9$ him at once to acqua9t ! musical _w ) 8 purpose to re=m ! op]a by mak+ x dramatically musical in/ead ( purely lyric1 ?us pav+ ! way = ! great innovator ( ,baireu?4 ,alce/e1 produc$ 9 #agfg1 0 ! fir/ embodim5t ( ^! ideas4 ,/rong criticism greet$ x1 to :i* he repli$ ) ,iphig5ie en ,aulide1 writt5 9 #aggb1 & p]=m$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,p>is two ye>s lat]1 "u ! auspices ( ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 :o _h once be5 8 pupil4 ,x 0 foll[$ by ,orpheus & ,eurydice1 adapt$ f 8 e>li] "w ( ! same "n1 :i* met ) brilliant success4 ,9 #aggg he br\ght out ,armide4 ,x ar\s$ an unprec$5t$ excitem5t4 ,picc9i 0 at t "t 9 ,p>is4 ,he 0 ! repres5tative ( ! old ,italian s*ool4 ,8 p>tisans ga!r$ ab\t him1 & a furi\s w> 0 wag$ betwe5 ! ,glucki/s & ,picc9i/s = ?ree or f\r ye>s2 ! combatants display+ a bitt]ness ( criticism & invective ev5 worse ?an t :i* ,wagn] br\ght d[n ^u 8 devot$ head4 ,:5 ,gluck br\ght out 8 great "w1 ,iphig5ie en ,tauride1 9 #aggi1 h[ev]1 ! ,picc9i/s quitt$ ! field & ackn[l$g$ ! re=m]'s sup]iority4 ,e*o et ,n>cisse 0 writt5 9 ! same ye>1 b ,iphig5ie en ,tauride 0 8 la/ great "w4 ,he retir$ %ortly aft]w>ds to ,vi5na1 :]e he di$ ,nov4 #ae1 #aghg4 ,,orpheus4 ,orpheus1 ! libretto by ! ,italian poet ,calzabigi1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,vi5na1 ,oct4 #e1 #agfb1 & = ! fir/ "t outl9$ ! new ideas :i* ,gluck _h advanc$ = ! re=m ( ! lyric /age4 ,twelve ye>s lat] ! compos] revis$ ! "w4 ,sev]al new numb]s 7 add$1 its acts 7 ext5d$ to ?ree1 & ! pr9cipal role 0 rewritt5 = a high t5or 9 place ( ! alto1 to :om x _h be5 orig9ally assign$4 ,9 ?is =m x 0 br\ght out at ! ,p>is ,academie1 ,aug4 #b1 #aggd4 ,9 #ahei x 0 reviv$ 9 ,p>is1 = :i* occasion ,b]lioz re/or$ ! orig9al alto "p = ,mme4 ,vi>dot-,g>cia4 ,) its p]=mances 9 ?is c\ntry by ! ,am]ican ,op]a ,tr\pe dur+ ! season ( #ahhe-hf1 "u ! direction ( ,mr4 ,!odore ,?omas1 our read]s are already famili>4 ,! ?ree soloi/s dur+ t season 7 ,hel5e ,ha/reit]1 ,emma ,ju*1 & ,m9nie ,dil!y4 ,! /ory1 except 9 its d5\em5t1 closely foll[s ! antique leg5d4 ,aft] p]=m+ ! fun]al rites ( ,eurydice1 ,orpheus resolves to seek = h] 9 ! _w ( ,%ades1 hav+ receiv$ p]mission f ,zeus ^u condition t he w n look ^u h] until !y h safely return$4 ,orpheus desc5ds to ,hades2 & ?\gh 8 way is b>r$ by phantoms1 8 plead+ appeals & ! t5d] tones ( 8 h>p induce !m to make way = him4 ,he f9ds ,eurydice 9 ! ,elysian fields1 & tak+ h] by ! h& leads h] on to ! upp] _w4 ,9 a fatal mom5t he yields to h] desire to see him1 & %e s9ks back lifeless4 ,love1 h[ev]1 comes to ! rescue1 & full ( compassion re/ores h]4 ,?us ! happy lov]s are reunit$2 & ! op]a closes )\t ! tragic d5\em5t ( ! old my?4 ,9 ! ,am]ican p]=mances ! op]a 0 divid$ into f\r acts1 :i* is ! ord] we %all foll[4 ,! %ort ov]ture is *>act]iz$ by a gr&eur & solemnity t well befit ! pa!tic /ory4 ,! curta9 rises ^u a grotto conta9+ ! tomb ( ,eurydice1 aga9/ :i* ,orpheus m\rnfully leans1 :ile ^u its /eps y\?s & maid5s are /rew+ fl[]s z !y *ant ! sombre song1 ,ah6 9 our /ill & m\rnful ,mead[4 ,! sad wail ( ,orpheus ^u ! s+le ^w ,eurydice is he>d ?r\gh its /ra9s1 :i* cont9ually increase 9 solemnity4 ,at la/1 z if too mu* to be>1 ,orpheus int]rupts _! ?r5ody ) ! words1 ,! ,s\nds ( y\r ,lam5t increase my bitt] ,angui%4 ,! *orus 9 reply resumes its melan*oly tribute to ,eurydice & !n retires1 leav+ ,orpheus alone1 :o 9 a monologue full ( pa?os & sorr[ 7,my ,eurydice6 my ,eurydice6 lo/ =ev]71 s+s 8 grief & implores ! gods to re/ore 8 lov$ "o4 ,9 answ] to 8 pray]1 ,amor1 god ( love1 appe>s & ann\nces t ! gods h be5 mov$ to compassion2 & if 8 song & lyre c appease ! phantoms1 dea? %all give back ,eurydice ^u ! conditions already nam$4 ,! act closes ) ! joyful song ( ,orpheus3 ,w pity+ ,heav5 ) wondr\s ,favor re/ore m9e own8 ,! second act op5s 9 ! abysses ( ! und]world4 ,flames %oot up amid great masses ( rock & f yawn+ cav]ns1 ?r[+ _! lurid gl>e ^u ! phantoms1 :o wri?+ 9 furi\s indignation dem& 9 wild & ?reat5+ *orus1 z ! tones ( ,orpheus's lyre are he>d1 ,:o ?r\gh ?is awful ,place1 ?9k+ alive to pass1 ra%ly d>es v5ture "h8 ,madly !y call ^u ,c]b]us to kill ?y new ,prey "h4 ,! b>k+ ( ! triple-head$ mon/] is he>d 9 ! tones ( ! or*e/ra4 ,!y surr\nd ,orpheus z he approa*es1 & ) r5ew$ clamor cont9ue ?is ?rill+ *orus4 ,9 ! mid/ ( its cruel int5sity is he>d ! appeal+ voice ( ,orpheus 7,9 ,pity be mov$ by my ,grief74 ,) ov]:elm+ wra? comes ! reit]at$ monosyllable1 ,no1 f ! ,furies1--"o ( ! mo/ d>+ & p[]ful effects ev] made 9 dramatic music1--foll[$ by ano!r appall+ *orus1 z !y ann\nce to him1 ,^! are ! ,dep?s ( ,hell1 :]e ! ,av5g]s dwell4 ,at la/ !y are t\*$ by ! *>m ( 8 music & ! sorr[ ( 8 /ory2 & z _! fury dies away1 ! song ( ,orpheus gr[s m exultant z he contemplates ! reunion ) ,eurydice4 ,! gates ( ! l[] _w are op5$1 & 9 ! ?ird act ,orpheus ent]s ,elysium4 ,! sc5e beg9s ) a t5d]1 lovely song by ,eurydice & h] companions 7,9 ?is tranquil & lovely ,abode ( ! ,ble/71 ! melody tak5 by ! flute ) /r+ accompanim5t4 ,all is bright & *e]ful & 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ! gloom & t]ror ( ! ,/ygian sc5e we h j left4 ,aft] a %ort recitative 7,h[ mild a ,day1 )\t a ,noon71 ,orpheus seeks h]4 ,%e is br\ght to him by a cr[d ( %ad[s2 & break+ out 9 joyful song he takes h] by ! h& & turns 8 face to ! upp] _w4 ,! f\r? act is almo/ entirely an impassion$ duet betwe5 ,orpheus & ,eurydice4 ,he releases h] h& = fe> t he may turn & look ^u h]4 ,eurydice *ides him 7,am ,i *ang$ or gr[n old t ?\ wilt n behold me874 ,9 va9 he urges h] to foll[ him4 ,%e upbraids him = 8 coldness1 & dem&s "o glance z a te/ ( 8 love4 ,he /ill refuses1 & !n %e sorr[fully bids him f>ewell4 ,at la/1 ov]come ) we>9ess & sorr[1 he gazes ^u h]2 & at t in/ant %e falls lifeless4 ,!n ,orpheus breaks out 9 t immortal song1 ! ,*e f>o s5za ,eurydice 7,i h lo/ my ,eurydice71 ! beauty & pa?os ( :i* nei!r "t nor *ange ( musical cu/om c ev] m>4 ,he is ab\t to take 8 life ) 8 sword2 b ,amor sudd5ly appe>s ^u ! sc5e1 /ays 8 h&1 & tells him ! gods are mov$ by 8 suff]+s4 ,he re/ores ,eurydice to life1 & ! op]a closes ) a beautiful t]zetto 9 ,love's temple4 ,! d5\em5t is foll[$ by ballet music4 ,,goetz4 ,h]mann ,goetz1 to ^: life atta*es a m\rnful int]e/1 0 born at ,ko5igsb]g1 ,dec4 #ag1 #ahdj4 ,he _h no regul> in/ruction 9 music until 8 sev5te5? ye>4 ,at t p]iod he began 8 /udies ) ,koehl]1 & !n pass$ successively "u ! tuition ( ,/]n1 ,ulri*1 & ,von ,buel[4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree he obta9$ a position z organi/ at ,w9t]?ur1 & also taught at ,zuri*4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is "t t he compos$ 8 op]a1 ,! ,tam+ ( ! ,%rew1 mean:ile support+ himself z he be/ c\ld1 sometimes /ruggl+ ) actual pov]ty4 ,= ye>s he attempt$ to secure a he>+ = 8 op]a2 b x 0 n until #ahgd t its great m]it 0 recogniz$1 = 9 t ye> x 0 produc$ at ,mannheim ) in/ant success4 ,its fame travell$ all ov] ,g]many4 ,x 0 p]=m$ 9 ,vi5na 9 #ahge1 & ! same ye> 9 ,leipsic & ,b]l91 & rea*$ ,london 9 #ahgh4 ,x 0 n he>d 9 ?is c\ntry until ! season ( #ahhe-hf1 :5 x 0 produc$ by ! ,am]ican ,op]a ,company4 ,! compos] did n live long en\gh1 h[ev]1 to enjoy ! fruits ( 8 "w1 z he di$ 9 #ahgf4 ,he also left beh9d him an unf9i%$ score ( a second op]a1 ,francesca di ,rim9i1 :i* 0 complet$ by 8 fri5d ,franke at 8 reque/1 b prov$ a failure4 ,8 o!r works include a symphony 9 ,f1 a suite = or*e/ra1 & _m *amb] compositions4 ,,! ,,tam+ ,,( ,,! ,,%rew4 ,! ,tam+ ( ! ,%rew1 z relat$ 9 ! sket* ( ! compos]'s life1 0 writt5 ab\t ! ye> #ahfc1 & fir/ produc$ at ,mannheim 9 #ahgb4 ,its fir/ p]=mance 9 ?is c\ntry 0 9 ,janu>y1 #ahhf1 :5 ! ca/ 0 z foll[s3-- ,,ka?>9e ,,paul9e ,l',,allem&4 ,,bianca ,,kate ,,b5sb]g4 ,,petru*io ,,william ,h4 ,,lee4 ,,bapti/a ,w4,h4 ,,hamilton4 ,,luc5tio ,w4,h4 ,,fess5d54 ,,hort5sio ,,alonzo ,,/odd>d4 ,a ,,tailor ,,john ,,h[son4 ,! libretto is freely adapt$ f ,%akspe>e's com$y by ,joseph ,victor ,widmann4 ,! plot is v simple4 ,bapti/a1 a ri* ,paduan g5tleman1 has two daught]s1--,ka?>9e1 ! %rew1 & ,bianca1 ( sweet & lovable disposition4 ,bo? ,hort5sio & ,luc5tio are 9 love ) ,bianca2 b ! obdurate fa!r w n li/5 to ei!r until ,ka?>9e %all h be5 m>ri$4 ,9 ?is app>5tly hopeless situation a gleam ( com=t appe>s1 9 ! suit :i* ! ri* gallant ,petru*io1 ( ,v]ona1 pays to ,ka?>9e1 9 disgu/ ) ! sycophants :o h be5 manife/+ su* def]5ce to 8 weal?4 ,! rema9d] ( ! /ory is occupi$ ) ! details ( ! v>i\s processes by :i* he breaks & tames ! %rew1 & ! +5i\s ruse by :i* ,luc5tio ga9s ! h& ( ! lovely ,bianca4 ,! curta9 rises ^u a night sc5e 9 ,padua1 ) ,luc5tio be=e ,bianca's h\se s++ a melodi\s s]5ade4 ,its /ra9s are int]rupt$1 h[ev]1 by a hurly-burly 9 ! h\se1 caus$ by ! %rew's demon/rations4 ,! tumult is transf]r$ to ! /reet1 & gives occasion = a v vigor\s ensemble4 ,:5 ! cr[d disp]ses1 ,luc5tio resumes 8 s]5ade1 ,bianca appe>s ^u ! balcony1 & ! two jo9 9 a v pleas+ duet4 ,?is numb] is also int]rupt$ by ,hort5sio1 at ! head ( a b& ( /reet musicians1 :o has also come to s]5ade 8 mi/ress4 ,! enc\nt] ( ! two lov]s br+s on a qu>rel1 :i* is av]t$1 h[ev]1 by ! int]position ( ,bapti/a4 ,a duet foll[s betwe5 !m1 at ! close ( :i* ,luc5tio retires4 ,petru*io n[ appe>s ^u ! sc5e1 & le>ns f ,hort5sio ( ,ka?>9e's vix5i% disposition1 :i* det]m9es him to woo h]4 ,) a /irr+ song 7,%e is a ,wife = su* a ,man creat$71 ! act comes to an end4 ,! second act op5s 9 a *amb] 9 ,bapti/a's h\se1 :]e ,ka?>9e is b]at+ ,bianca = accept+ s]5ades f suitors1 & abuses h] ev5 to bl[s4 ,! sc5e closes ) a vigor\s song = ,ka?>9e 7,i'll give myself to no "o71 :i* is greet$ ) cynical applause by ,petru*io1 ,bapti/a1 ,luc5tio1 & ,hort5sio1 :o ent]1 ! la/ two disguis$ z tea*]s4 ,9 ! next sc5e1 ,petru*io & ,ka?>9e alone1 we h ! turbul5t woo+1 :i* is accompani$ ?r\gh\t by *>act]i/ic music4 ,z ! o!rs return ,petru*io ann\nces 8 success 9 ! song1 ,all is well1 ! !me ( :i* is tak5 by ! qu9tet1 clos+ ! act4 ,! ?ird is ! mo/ int]e/+ act ( ! ?ree4 ,x op5s on ! day select$ = ! w$d+ ( ,ka?>9e & ,petru*io1 9 ,bapti/a's g>d52 ! fir/ numb] be+ a *>m+ qu9tet = ,ka?>9e1 ,bianca1 ,luc5tio1 ,hort5sio1 & ,bapti/a4 ,! gue/s are pres5t1 b ,petru*io is n !re4 ,an explanation is made1 foll[$ by a *orus z ! gue/s leave2 & !n ,bianca is free to take h] lessons1 9 "o ( :i* ,luc5tio makes 8 av[al ( love to h]4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! two lessons is bo? unique & skilful4 ,luc5tio turns ! famili> op5+ l9es ( ! ,a,eneid1 ,arma virumque cano1 etc41 into a love-song by decl>ations int]pos$ betwe5 !m2 :ile ,hort5sio expla9s ! my/]ies ( ! scale to h]1 ea* l9e ( 8 love-song beg9n+ ) "o ( its lett]s4 ,x is soon f\nd1 h[ev]1 t ,luc5tio is ! accept$ lov]4 ,bapti/a n[ ent]s & ann\nces ,petru*io's return1 :i* leads to a *>m+ qu>tet4 ,! f9ale ( ! op]a1 :i* is v spirit$1 includes ! prep>ations = ! m>riage-fea/1 ! w$d+1 & ! sc5e 9 :i* ,petru*io abruptly =ces 8 bride to leave ) him = 8 c\ntry h\se4 ,,goldm>k4 ,k>l ,goldm>k 0 born at ,kesz!ly1 ,hung>y1 ,may #ah1 #ahcb4 ,he fir/ /udi$ ) ! viol9i/ ,jansa at ,vi5na1 & 9 8 fifte5? ye> ent]$ ! ,cons]vatory 9 t city4 ,little is kn[n ( ! ev5ts ( 8 e>ly life4 ,inde$1 8 success 9 8 pr(ession is g5]ally cr$it$ m to 8 native ability & indu/ry ?an to ! influ5ce ( tea*]s or s*ools4 ,he began composition at an e>ly p]iod1 & produc$ 8 works 9 conc]ts ) mu* success "u ! enc\ragem5t ( ,hellmesb]g] & o!rs1 :o recogniz$ 8 ability be=e he _h made any impression out ( ,vi5na4 ,f\r ( 8 compositions dur+ ! pa/ fifte5 ye>s1 ! ,sakuntala ov]ture1 ! op]as ,! ,que5 ( ,%eba & ,m]l91 & ,die ,ia5dli*e ,ho*zeit 7,! ,c\ntry ,w$d+7 symphony h made a p]man5t reputation = him4 ,! ov]ture & op]as h be5 p]=m$ sev]al times 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,besides ^! he has writt5 sev]al pieces ( *amb] music4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,%eba4 ,! ,que5 ( ,%eba 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,vi5na1 ,m>* #aj1 #ahge1 & 0 fir/ he>d 9 ?is c\ntry at ,new ,york1 ,dec4 #b1 #ahhe1 :5 ! ca/ 0 z foll[s3-- ,,k+ ,,solomon ,h]r ,,rob9son4 ,,high-,,prie/ ,h]r ,,fis*]4 ,,sulami? ,frauele9 ,,lehmann4 ,,assad ,h]r ,,/ritt4 ,,baal ,,hanan ,h]r ,,alexi4 ,,que5 ,,( ,,%eba ,frau ,,kram]-,,weidl4 ,,a/>o? ,frauele9 ,,br&t4 ,! libretto by ,mos5?al is "o ( r>e excell5ce 9 its skilful treatm5t ( situations & arrangem5t ( sc5es ) ! view to spectacul> & dramatic effect4 ,! ,biblical /ory has b little to d ) ! action ( ! op]a beyond ! m]e fact ( ! fam\s visit ( ! ,que5 ( ,%eba to ,solomon4 ,! /irr+ episodes dur+ ! j\rney & ! visit spr+ f ! libretti/'s imag9ation4 ,! /ory 9 sub/ance is z foll[s3-- ,k+ ,solomon1 le>n+ ( ! ,que5's int5tion to visit him1 s5ds 8 favorite c\rti] ,assad to escort h]4 ,:ile %e waits outside ! gates ( ,j]usalem1 ,assad ann\nces h] arrival to ! ,k+ & ,sulami?1 ! daught] ( ! high-prie/1 to :om ! c\rti] is affianc$4 ,obs]v+ 8 di/urb$ looks1 ! ,k+1 aft] dismiss+ 8 att5dants1 inquires ! cause4 ,assad replies t on _! j\rney ?r\gh ! =e/ he _h enc\nt]$ a nymph ba?+ ^: beauty _h s impress$ him z to bani% ev5 ! ?\ghts ( 8 affianc$4 ,! wise ,solomon c\nsels him to m>ry ,sulami? at once4 ,mean:ile ! ,que5 comes into ! ,k+'s pres5ce1 & z %e lifts h] veil reveals ! unkn[n fair "o4 ,%e affects ignorance ( ,assad's passion2 b :5 %e le>ns t he is to w$ ,sulami? love = him spr+s up 9 h] own brea/4 ,^u ! day ( ! w$d+ c]emony ,assad1 c>ri$ away by 8 long+ = ! ,que51 decl>es h] to be 8 div9ity1 & is condemn$ to dea? = pr(an+ ! ,temple4 ,bo? ! ,que5 & ,sulami? appeal to ! ,k+ = m]cy4 ,he cons5ts at la/ to save 8 life1 b bani%es him to ! des]t4 ,! ,que5 seeks him !re1 & makes an av[al ( h] love2 b ,assad repulses h]4 ,z ,sulami? comes ^u ! sc5e a simoom sweeps across ! des]t4 ,!y p]i% 9 ea* o!r's arms2 :ile 9 a mirage ! ,que5 & h] att5dants are se5 j\rney+ to _! home4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 ! great hall ( ,solomon's palace ) a brilliant1 joy\s *orus 7,op5 ! ,halls1 adorn ! ,portals7 9 praise ( ! ,k+'s glory4 ,aft] ! entrance ( ! high-prie/1 ,sulami? s+s a fasc9at+ bridal song 7,my own ,assad returns71 ri*ly ori5tal bo? 9 music & s5tim5t1 dreamy & luxuri\s 9 its tone1 & yet full ( joy\s expectation1 ) *>act]i/ic *oral refra9 & da9ty accompanim5t4 ,! f\r? & fif? sc5es are full ( agitation & unre/1 & lead up to ,assad's explanation ( 8 p]turb$ condition 7,at ,lebanon's ,foot ,i met ,arabia's ,que571 a monologue aria ( ri* gl[+ color & rea*+ a f9e dramatic climax z x progresses f its s5su\s op5+ to ! passionate int5sity ( its f9ale4 ,x is foll[$ by ! entrance ( ! ,que51 accompani$ by a brilliant m>* & a jubilant *orus 7,to ! ,sun ( ! ,s\? our ,welcome we br+7 & a /irr+ conc]t$ numb]1 describ+ ! recognition ( ! ,que5 by ,assad2 aft] :i* ! *orus resumes its jubilant /ra91 br++ ! act to a close4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! g>d5s ( ! palace & discloses ! ,que51 :o gives expression to h] love = ,assad & h] hatr$ ( ,sulami? 9 an impassion$ aria 7,let me f ! fe/al ,spl5dor74 ,9 ! second sc5e ,a/>o?1 h] slave1 appe>s & lures ,assad by a weird /ra91 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ effective passages 9 ! op]a 7,z ! ,h]on calls 9 ! ,re$s74 ,aft] a %ort arioso by ,assad 7,magical ,s\nds1 intoxicat+ ,fragrance71 a passionate duet ) ! ,que5 foll[s1 int]rupt$ by ! call ( ! ,temple-gu>d to pray]4 ,! sc5e *anges to ! int]ior ( ! sanctu>y ) its religi\s s]vice2 & ) x ! music *anges also to solemn ,hebrew melodies ) ! accompanim5t ( ! sacr$ in/rum5ts1 lead+ up to ! /irr+ f9ale 9 :i* ,assad decl>es 8 passion = ! ,que51 amid *oruses ( execration by ! p4 ,! ?ird act op5s 9 ! banquet-hall ^u a sc5e ( fe/ivity introduc$ by ! graceful bee dance ( ! ,almas4 ,x is foll[$ by ! p[]ful appeal ( ! ,que5 = ,assad's life1 ris+ to an int5sely dramatic pit* z %e w>ns ! ,k+ ( ! rev5ge ( h] arm$ ho/s 7,:5 ,%eba's iron ,lances spl9t] & ,zion's ,?rone 9 ,ru9s falls74 ,9 sad contra/ comes ! m\rnful *ant :i* accompanies ,sulami? z %e passes to ! ve/al's home 7,! ,h\r t robb$ me ( him71 & ends 9 h] despair+ cry ris+ above ! *orus ( att5dants z ,solomon also refuses h] petition4 ,! la/ act passes 9 ! des]t4 ,assad b5ea? a solit>y palm-tree lam5ts ! de/9y :i* pursues him 7,:i!r %all ,i w5d my we>y ,/eps874 ,9 ! next sc5e ! ,que5 appe>s1 & an agitat$ duet foll[s1 end+ ) h] repulse4 ,assad 9 despair calls ^u dea? to relieve him4 ,! sky d>k5s4 ,cl\ds ( s& envelop ! fugitive4 ,! palm b5ds be=e ! bla/ z ! simoom sweeps by4 ,! /orm at la/ subsides4 ,! sky gr[s bright]2 & ! ,que5 & h] att5dants1 ) _! elephants & camels1 appe> 9 a mirage j\rney+ ea/w>d z ,sulami? & h] lov] expire 9 ea* o!r's arms4 ,z _! duet dies away1 ! *orus ( maid5s br+s ! act to a close ) a few /ra9s f ! love-song 9 ! fir/ act4 ,,m]l94 ,! op]a ( ,m]l9 0 fir/ p]=m$ at ,vi5na1 ,nov4 #ag1 #ahhf1 & 0 he>d = ! fir/ "t 9 ?is c\ntry at ,new ,york1 ,jan4 #c1 #ahhg1 "u ! direction ( ,mr4 ,walt] ,damros*1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,k+ ,,ar?ur ,h]r ,,rob9son4 ,,modr$ ,h]r ,,kemlitz4 ,,lancelot ,h]r ,,burs*4 ,,gawe9 ,h]r ,,he9ri*4 ,,gl5d[] ,h]r ,,von ,,milde4 ,,m]l9 ,h]r ,,alv>y4 ,,viviane ,frauele9 ,,lehmann4 ,,b$wyr ,h]r ,,sieglitz4 ,,! ,,fay ,,morgana ,frauele9 ,,br&t4 ,,! ,,demon ,h]r ,,fis*]4 ,! libretto ( ! op]a is by ,siegfri$ ,lip9]4 ,! sc5e is laid 9 ,wales1 & ! h]o1 ,m]l91 is famili> z "o ( ! knights ( ,k+ ,ar?ur's r\nd-table4 ,! /ory is z foll[s3-- ,! ,devil1 ambiti\s to bani% all good f ! _w1 unites himself to a virg9 9 ord] t he may beget a *ild :o %all aid him 9 8 fell purpose4 ,! *ild is ,m]l91 :o p>takes ( ! "m's goodness1 & in/ead ( aid+ 8 fa!r1 seeks to ?w>t 8 design4 ,! ,devil !reupon consults ! ,fay ,morgana1 :o tells him t ,m]l9 w lose 8 p[] if he falls 9 love4 ,9 ! op5+ sc5e ,k+ ,ar?ur s5ds ,lancelot to ,m]l9 = aid1 :o promises him victory & a*ieves x by ! assi/ance ( 8 famili>1 a demon1 :o is 9 league ) ! ,devil4 ,tir$ ( 8 s]vice to ,m]l91 ! demon contrives to h him meet ! beautiful ,viviane1 ) :om he falls 9 love4 ,! second act transpires 9 ,m]l9's en*ant$ g>d51 & reveals 8 gr[+ passion1 & at ! same "t 8 wan+ p[] ( magic2 = :5 once m ,ar?ur summons 8 aid he attempts to te> himself away f h] only to realize 8 weakness4 ,%e seeks to deta9 him by ?r[+ a magic veil ov] him :i* has be5 giv5 h] by ! demon2 9 an in/ant ! sc5e *anges1 & ,m]l9 appe>s conf9$ to a rock by fi]y *a9s1 :ile ! demon mocks him f a neighbor+ em95ce1 & ,viviane gives way to angui%4 ,9 ! la/ act ,viviane is told by ! ,fay ,morgana t ,m]l9's release c only be secur$ by woman's self-sacrifice4 ,once m an appeal = help comes to him f ,ar?ur1 & he promises 8 s\l to ! demon 9 ex*ange = 8 fre$om4 ,8 *a9s fall (f4 ,he ru%es into ! battle & secures ! victory1 b is fatally w\nd$4 ,! demon claims him2 b ,viviane1 rememb]+ ! words ( ! ,fay ,morgana1 /abs h]self & ?us balks him ( 8 expectant prey4 ,l ,wagn]'s op]as1 ,m]l9 has its motives1 ! pr9cipal ones be+ t ( ! demon1 or ! evil pr9ciple1 & two love motives4 ,9 its g5]al treatm5t x is also ,wagn]i%4 ,! fir/ sc5e op5s ) ! spirit$ message ( ,lancelot to ,gl5d[]1 besee*+ ,m]l9's aid = ! h>d-press$ ,ar?ur4 ,x is foll[$ by ! /ra9s ( ,m]l9's h>p 9 ! ca/le & 8 assurance ( victory1 & ^! 9 turn by v descriptive incantation music summon+ ! demon & ! sup]natural ag5cies :i* w compass ! defeat ( ,ar?ur's enemies4 ,!n comes ! int]view betwe5 ! demon & ! ,fay ,morgana1 9 :i* he le>ns ! secret ( ,m]l9's weakness4 ,9 ! next sc5e ,ar?ur returns f 8 victory ov] ! ,saxons to ! tempo ( a /irr+ m>*1 & accompani$ by ! joy\s *oruses ( wom54 ,a vigor\s episode1 9 :i* ,b$wyr1 "o ( ,ar?ur's knights1 is *>g$ ) trea*]y1 is foll[$ by ,m]l9's *ant ( victory ) *orus accompanim5t4 ,z its /ra9s die away a di/ant horn ann\nces ,viviane1 :o makes h] appe>ance s++ a breezy hunt+ song ) h] maid5s1 lead+ up to a spirit$ septet4 ,!n foll[s ! baffl$ attempt ( ,viviane to cr[n ,m]l91 ! sc5e clos+ ) a repetition ( ! *ant ( victory & ! *oruses ( jubilation4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! en*ant$ g>d5s ( ,m]l92 & ! fir/ sc5e reveals a conspiracy to seize ! cr[n dur+ ,ar?ur's abs5ce & proclaim ,modr$ k+1 & ! f>ewell ( ,ar?ur & 8 suite to ,m]l94 ,! magic-veil sc5e foll[s ) its fasc9at+ dance tempos1 & leads ) its graceful measures up to ! passionate love-sc5e betwe5 ,m]l9 & ,viviane1 :i* is h>%ly brok5 9 ^u by ! cla% ( arms betwe5 ,modr$ & 8 p]fidi\s companions & ! fai?ful fri5ds ( ,ar?ur4 ,a dramatic sc5e ( great en]gy foll[s1 9 :i* ,viviane at la/ ?r[s ! magic veil ar\nd ,m]l9 ) ! trans=m+ results already told4 ,! la/ act op5s ) ,viviane's m\rnful lam5t = ! wret*$ fate :i* %e has br\ght d[n ^u h] lov]1 & ! ann\ncem5t ( ! means by :i* he may be releas$ made to h] 9 slumb] by ! ,fay ,morgana4 ,h] maid5s seek to r\se h] ) *oral appeals1 9 :i* are he>d phrases ( h] hunt+ song4 ,mean:ile mock+ spirits appe> ab\t ,m]l9 & taunt him 9 *>act]i/ic music4 ,!n foll[s ! compact ) ! demon1 :i* releases him4 ,he ru%es into ! battle accompani$ by an exultant song f ,viviane2 b soon ! fun]al m>*1 z 8 foll[]s be> him f ! field1 tells ! m\rnful /ory ( 8 fate4 ,a v dramatic ensemble conta9s ! de$ ( self-sacrifice1 by :i* ,viviane ends h] life to r$eem ,m]l9 f ! demon1 & ) ?is p[]ful effect ! op]a closes4 ,,g\nod4 ,*>les ,francois ,g\nod 0 born1 9 ,p>is1 ,june #ag1 #ahah4 ,he /udi$ music 9 ! ,cons]vatory1 "u ! direction ( ,halevy1 ,lesueur1 & ,pa]1 & 9 #ahci obta9$ ! fir/ prize1 &1 "u ! usual regulations1 w5t to ,italy4 ,:ile at ,rome he devot$ himself l>gely to religi\s music4 ,on 8 return to ,p>is he became organi/ ( ! ,missions ,etrang]es1 & = a "t s]i\sly ?\ght ( tak+ ord]s4 ,9 #ahea1 h[ev]1 he br\ght out 8 fir/ op]a1 ,sappho1 :i* met ) success4 ,at ?is po9t 8 active c>e] began4 ,9 #aheb he became conductor ( ! ,orpheon1 & wrote ! *oruses = ,pons>d's trag$y ( ,ulysse4 ,! ye> #ahed br\ght a five-act op]a1 ,la ,nonne ,sanglante1 f\nd$ on a leg5d 9 ,lewis's ,monk4 ,9 #aheh he made 8 fir/ essay 9 op]a comique1 & produc$ ,le ,m$ec9 malgre lui1 :i* met ) rem>kable success4 ,! next ye> ,fau/ 0 p]=m$1 & plac$ him 9 ! front rank ( liv+ compos]s4 ,philemon et ,baucis appe>$ 9 #ahfj1 & ,la ,re9e de ,saba1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds p]=m$ 9 ,engli% z ,ir5e1 9 #ahfb4 ,9 #ahfc he br\ght out ! pretty pa/oral op]a ,mireille4 ,?is 0 succe$$ 9 #ahff by ,la ,colombe1 kn[n 9 ,engli% z ,! ,pet ,dove1 & 9 #ahfg by ,romeo et ,juliette4 ,9 #ahgg he produc$ ,c9q ,m>s1 & 9 #ahgh 8 la/ op]a1 ,polyeucte4 ,he has also writt5 mu* *ur* music1 ! m important works be+ ! ,messe ,sol5elle1 a ,/abat ,mat]1 ! oratorio ,tobie1 a ,de ,pr(undis1 an ,ave ,v]um1 & _m s+le hymns & songs1 among :i* ,naz>e? is univ]sally popul>4 ,8 li/ ( compositions = or*e/ra is also v l>ge1 & includes su* popul> pieces z ! ,salt>ello1 ,fun]al ,m>* ( a ,m>ionette1 & ! ,m$itation1 bas$ on ,ba*'s ,fir/ ,prelude1 :i* is accompani$ by a soprano solo4 ,he 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,in/itut de ,france 9 #ahff4 ,,fau/4 ,fau/1 a gr& op]a 9 five acts1 words by ,b>bi] & ,c>re1 f\nd$ ^u ,goe!'s trag$y1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,!atre ,lyrique1 ,p>is1 ,m>* #ai1 #ahei1 ) ! foll[+ ca/ ( ! pr9cipal p>ts3-- ,,m>gu]ite ,mme4 ,,miolan-,,c>valho4 ,,siebel ,mlle4 ,,faivre4 ,,fau/ ,m4 ,,b>bot4 ,,val5t9 ,m4 ,,regnal4 ,,mephi/opheles ,m4 ,,balanque4 ,,m>?a ,mme4 ,,duclos4 ,! op]a 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,london z ,fau/1 ,june #aa1 #ahfc2 9 ,engli%1 ,jan4 #bc1 #ahfd2 & 9 ,g]many z ,m>g>e!4 ,! /ory ( ! op]a foll[s ,goe!'s trag$y v closely1 & is conf9$ to ! fir/ "p4 ,x may be briefly told4 ,fau/1 an ag$ ,g]man /ud5t1 satiat$ ) human k & despair+ ( 8 ability to unravel ! secrets ( nature1 summons ! evil _s ,mephi/opheles to 8 assi/ance1 & contracts to give him 8 s\l 9 ex*ange = a re/oration to y\?4 ,mephi/opheles effects ! trans=mation1 & reveals to him ! vision ( ,m>gu]ite1 a beautiful village maid51 ) :om ,fau/ at once falls 9 love4 ,!y set out ^u _! travels & enc\nt] h] at ! ,k]messe4 ,%e has be5 left by h] bro!r ,val5t91 a soldi]1 9 c>e ( ,dame ,m>?a1 :o proves h]self a c>eless gu>dian4 ,_! fir/ meet+ is a casual "o2 b subsequ5tly he f9ds h] 9 h] g>d51 & ) ! help ( ! subtle ,mephi/opheles succe$s 9 engag+ ! "y girl's affection4 ,h] simple lov]1 ,siebel1 is disc>d$1 & 8 nosegay is ?r[n away at sight ( ! jewels ) :i* ,fau/ tempts h]4 ,:5 ,val5t9 returns f ! w>s he le>ns ( h] temptation & subsequ5t ru94 ,he *all5ges ! s$uc]1 & 9 ! enc\nt] is sla9 by ! int]v5tion ( ,mephi/opheles4 ,ov]come by ! horror ( h] situation1 ,m>gu]ite becomes insane1 & 9 h] fr5zy kills h] *ild4 ,%e is ?r[n into prison1 :]e ,fau/ & ,mephi/opheles f9d h]4 ,fau/ urges h] to fly ) !m1 b %e refuses1 & places h] reliance = salvation ^u e>ne/ pray]1 & sorr[ = ! wrong %e has done4 ,plead+ = =giv5ess1 %e expires2 & z ,mephi/opheles exults at ! cata/rophe he has wr\ght1 angels appe> amid ! music ( ! cele/ial *oirs & be> ! suff]] to heav54 ,! fir/ act is 9 ! nature ( a prelude1 & op5s ) a long soliloquy 7,int]rogo invano7 by ,fau/1 9 :i* he lam5ts ! unsatisfactor9ess ( life4 ,x is int]wov5 ) delightful snat*es ( *orus he>d beh9d ! sc5es1 a duet ) ,mephi/opheles 7,ma il ciel71 & ! delicate music accompany+ ! vision ( ,m>gu]ite4 ,! second act is conta9$ 9 a s+le sett+1 ! ,k]messe1 9 :i* ! *orus plays an important "p4 ,9 ! fir/ sc5e ! *oruses ( /ud5ts1 soldi]s1 old m51 girls1 & matrons are qua9tly contra/$1 & are full ( animation & *>act]i/ic color4 ,9 ! second1 ,val5t9 s+s a t5d] song 7,o santa m$aglia7 to a m$allion ( 8 si/] :i* he we>s z a *>m4 ,x is foll[$ by a grim & weird dr9k+-song 7,dio dell' or71 sung by ,mephi/opheles4 ,! latt] !n /rikes fire f ! f\nta9 into 8 cup1 & proposes ! heal? ( ,m>gu]ite4 ,val5t9 spr+s =w>d to res5t ! insult1 only to f9d 8 sword brok5 9 8 h&s4 ,! /ud5ts & soldi]s recognize ! _s ( evil1 & ov]come him by pres5t+ ! hilts ( _! swords 9 ! =m ( a cross1 ! sc5e be+ accompani$ by "o ( ! mo/ effective *oruses 9 ! "w 7,tu puvi la spada74 ,! tempt] gone1 ! sc5e resumes its gayety1 & ! act closes ) "o ( ! mo/ animat$ & delightful ( waltz tempos 7,come la brezza74 ,! ?ird act is ! ,g>d5 sc5e1 full ( fasc9at+ detail1 & brea!s ! v _s ( poetry & music comb9$ 9 a picture ( love :i* has nev] be5 excell$ 9 t5d]ness & beauty on ! op]atic /age4 ,its pr9cipal numb]s are a %ort & simple b v beautiful ballad = ,siebel 7,la p>late d'amor72 a passionate aria = t5or 7,salve dimora ca/a e pura71 9 :i* ,fau/ greets ,m>gu]ite's dwell+2 a d\ble numb]1 :i* is sup]b 9 its contra/s1--! folk-song1 ,c'era un re di ,?ule1 a pla9tive little ballad sung at ! sp9n+-:eel by ,m>gu]ite1 & ! bravura jewel-song1 ,ah6 e' /rano pot]1 :i* is ! v ess5ce ( delicacy & almo/-*ildi% glee2 ! qu>tet comm5c+1 ,v'appogiato al brac*io mio1 :i* is ( /rik+ int]e/ by ! indep5d5t mann] 9 :i* ! two pairs ( voices are treat$ & comb9$ 9 ! close2 & ! clos+ duet 7,sempre am>7 betwe5 ,fau/ & ,m>gu]ite1 :i* is replete ) t5d]ness & passion1 & closes 9 /ra9s ( almo/ ec/atic rapture1 ! fatal end ( :i* is =e%ad[$ by ! mock+ laugh ( ,mephi/opheles break+ 9 ^u its l+]+ cad5ces4 ,! f\r? act is kn[n z ! ,ca!dral act1 & e/abli%$ ,g\nod's reputation z a writ] ( s]i\s music4 ,x op5s ) a sc5a = ,m>gu]ite1 :o has be5 taunt$ by ! girls at ! f\nta9 7,nascose eran la le crudeli 71 9 :i* %e lam5ts h] sad fate4 ,! sc5e abruptly *anges to ! squ>e 9 front ( ! ca!dral1 :]e ! soldi]s1 ,val5t9 among !m1 are return+1 to ! jubilant ?\gh some:at commonplace /ra9s ( ! m>*1 ,deponiam il br&a4 ,z ! soldi]s retire & ,val5t9 goes 9 que/ ( ,m>gu]ite1 ,fau/ & ,mephi/opheles appe> be=e ! h\se1 & ! latt] s+s a grotesque & lit]ally inf]nal s]5ade 7,tu1 *e fai l' addorm5tata74 ,val5t9 appe>s & a qu>rel ensues1 lead+ up to a spirit$ trio4 ,val5t9 is sla91 & ) 8 dy+ brea? pron\nces a mal$iction 7,m>gh]ita6 mal$etta7 ^u 8 si/]4 ,! sc5e *anges to ! *ur*1 & 9 wond]ful comb9ation we he> ! appeals ( ,m>gu]ite = m]cy1 ! taunt+ voice ( ! tempt]1 & ! monki% *ant+ ( ! ,dies ,irae m+l$ ) ! solemn /ra9s ( ! organ4 ,! la/ act is usually pres5t$ 9 a s+le sc5e1 ! ,prison1 b x conta9s five *anges4 ,aft] a weird prelude1 ! ,walpurgis revel beg9s1 9 :i* %ort1 /range phrases are he>d f unse5 s+]s4 ,! night sc5e *anges to a hall ( pagan en*antm5t1 & aga9 to ! ,brock51 :]e ! app>ition ( ,m>gu]ite is se54 ,! orgy is resum$1 :5 sudd5ly by ano!r trans=mation we are tak5 to ! prison :]e ,m>gu]ite is await+ dea?4 ,x is unnecess>y to give its details4 ,! sc5e takes ! =m ( a t]zetto1 :i* is work$ up ) con/antly increas+ p[] to a climax ( passionate en]gy1 & at la/ dies away z ,m>gu]ite expires4 ,x /&s almo/ alone among effects ( ?is k9d 9 op]a4 ,! curta9 falls ^u a cele/ial *orus ( apo!osis1 ! vision ( ! angels1 & ,mephi/opheles c[]+ 9 t]ror be=e ! heav5ly mess5g]s4 ,,romeo ,,& ,,juliet4 ,romeo et ,juliette1 a gr& op]a 9 five acts1 words by ,b>bi] & ,c>re1 ! subject tak5 f ,%akspe>e's trag$y ( ! same "n1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,!atre ,lyrique1 ,p>is1 ,april #bg1 #ahfg1 ) ,mme4 ,miolan-,c>valho 9 ! role ( ,juliet4 ,! /ory z told by ! ,fr5* dramati/s 9 ! ma9 foll[s ,%akspe>e's trag$y v closely 9 its con/ruction z well z 9 its dialogue4 ,x is only necess>y1 !re=e1 to sket* its outl9es4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) ! fe/ival at ! h\se ( ,capulet4 ,juliet & ,romeo meet !re & fall 9 love1 not)/&+ h] betro?al to ,p>is4 ,! hot-blood$ ,tybalt seeks to provoke a qu>rel ) ,romeo1 b is re/ra9$ by ,capulet himself1 & ! act comes to a close ) a resumption ( ! m]ry fe/ivities4 ,9 ! second act we h ! balcony sc5e1 q lit]ally tak5 f ,%akspe>e1 ) an episode1 h[ev]1 9 ! =m ( a tempor>y int]ruption by ,gregory & reta9]s1 ^: appe>ance is r absurd ?an o!rwise4 ,! ?ird act is con/ruct$ 9 two sc5es4 ,! fir/ is 9 ! fri>'s cell1 :]e ! secret m>riage ( ! lov]s takes place4 ,9 ! second1 we are introduc$ to a new "*1 inv5t$ by ! libretti/1--,/ephano1 ,romeo's page1 ^: pranks :ile 9 se>* ( 8 ma/] provoke a g5]al qu>rel1 9 :i* ,m]cutio is sla9 by ,tybalt1 :o 9 turn is kill$ by ,romeo4 ,:5 ,capulet arrives ^u ! sc5e he condemns ,romeo to bani%m5t1 :o v[s1 h[ev]1 t he w see ,juliet aga9 at all haz>ds4 ,! f\r? act is also made up ( two sc5es4 ,! fir/ is 9 ,juliet's *amb]1 & is devot$ to a duet betwe5 ! two lov]s4 ,romeo dep>ts at dawn1 & ,capulet appe>s ) ,fri> ,laur5ce & ann\nces 8 det]m9ation t ! m>riage ) ,p>is %all be celebrat$ at once4 ,juliet implores ! ,fri>'s help1 & he gives h] ! potion4 ,! next sc5e is devot$ to ! w$d+ fe/ivity1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ,juliet falls ins5sible f ! effects ( ! sleep+-draught4 ,! la/ act transpires 9 ! tomb ( ! ,capulets1 :]e ,romeo arrives1 & believ+ 8 mi/ress dead takes poison4 ,juliet1 reviv+ f ! effects ( ! potion1 & f9d+ him dy+1 /abs h]self ) a dagg]1 & expires 9 8 arms4 ,:ile _m numb]s are greatly admir$1 ! op]a z a :ole has nev] be5 successful4 ,_h n ,fau/1 :i* x (t5 recalls1 prec$$ x1 its fate might h be5 diff]5t4 ,/ill1 x conta9s _m /rong passages & mu* beautiful writ+4 ,! favorite numb]s are ! waltz arietta1 v mu* 9 ! mann] ( ! well-kn[n ,il ,bacio1 at ! ,capulet fe/ival1 ! ,que5 ,mab song1 by ,m]cutio 7,mab1 reg9a di m5zogne71 & ! duet betwe5 ,romeo & ,juliet 7,di grazia1 t' arre/a ancor671 9 ! fir/ act2 ! love music 9 ! balcony sc5e ( ! second act1 :i* inevitably recalls ! g>d5 music 9 ,fau/2 an impressive solo = ,fri> ,laur5ce 7,al vo/ro amor coc5te71 foll[$ by a vigor\s trio & qu>tet1 ! music ( :i* is massive & ecclesia/ical 9 "*1 & ! page's song 7,ah6 col nibbio micidale71 9 ! ?ird act2 ! duet ( p>t+ betwe5 ,romeo & ,juliet1 ,tu dei p>tir ohime6 ! qu>tet1 ,non tem]o mio b51 betwe5 ,juliet1 ! nurse1 ,fri> ,laur5ce1 & ,capulet1 & ! dramatic solo = ! ,fri>1 ,bevi allor que/o filtro1 z he gives ! potion to ,juliet1 9 ! f\r? act2 & ! elaborate or*e/ral prelude to ! tomb sc5e 9 ! la/ act4 ,,mireille4 ,mireille1 a pa/oral op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,m4 ,c>re1 ! subject tak5 f ,mireio1 a ,prov5cal poem by ,mi/ral1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,!atre ,lyrique1 ,p>is1 ,m>* #ai1 #ahfd1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,mireille ,mme4 ,,miolan-,,c>valho ,,tav5a ,mme4 ,,faure-,,lefebvre4 ,,&reluno ,,v9c5z9a ,mlle4 ,,l]\x4 ,,v9c5zo ,m4 ,,ismiel4 ,,urias ,m4 ,,petit4 ,,raimondo ,m4 ,,mor9i4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahfd1 ! op]a 0 r$uc$ to ?ree acts1 9 :i* =m x is /ill giv54 ,9 ?is abridg$ %ape1 & ) ! addition ( ! waltz n[ plac$ 9 ! f9ale1 x 0 br\ght out 9 ,london ) ,titi5s1 ,giugl9i1 ,santley1 & ,trebelli 9 ! ca/4 ,9 ,engli% x is always giv5 "u ! title ( ,mirella4 ,! fir/ sc5e op5s 9 a mulb]ry grove1 :]e ,mireille is ralli$ by ! village girls ^u h] atta*m5t to ,v9c5zo1 ! basket-mak]1 & is also w>n$ by ,tav5a1 ! =tune-tell]1 aga9/ yield+ to h] love1 z %e =esees t h] fa!r1 ,raimondo1 w nev] cons5t to ! union4 ,9 ! next sc5e %e meets ,v9c5zo1 & ! w>n+ ( ,tav5a is soon =gott54 ,! lov]s r5ew _! pl$ges1 & agree to meet at ! ,*apel ( ! ,virg9 if _! plans are ?w>t$4 ,! second act introduces u to a m]rymak+ at ,arles1 :]e ,mireille is in=m$ by ,tav5a t ,v9c5zo has a rival 9 ,urias1 a wild h]dsman1 :o has op5ly decl>$ 8 love = h]1 & ask$ h] h& ( h] fa!r4 ,mireille repulses him :5 he br+s ! fa!r's cons5t4 ,ambrogio1 ,v9c5zo's fa!r1 accompani$ by 8 daught]1 ,v9c5z9a1 also waits ^u ,raimondo & int]c$es 9 8 son's behalf1 b is /]nly refus$4 ,mireille1 :o has ov]he>d ! int]view1 decl>es to h] fa!r h] irrevocable atta*m5t = ,v9c5zo4 ,h] decl>ation ?r[s him into su* a rage t he is ab\t to /rike h]1 b %e dis>ms 8 ang] by appeal+ to ! memory ( h] "m4 ,! la/ act op5s on a b>r51 sunburnt pla94 ,&reluno appe>s1 s++ a pa/oral song to ! accompanim5t ( 8 bagpipe1 foll[$ by ,mireille1 :o is toil+ across ! hot s&s to meet h] lov] at ! ,*apel ( ! ,virg94 ,%e is met by ,tav5a1 :o assures h] t ,v9c5zo w keep 8 appo9tm5t1 & !n returns to ,arles to plead ) ! fa!r 9 ,mireille's behalf4 ,! poor girl toils on ?r\gh ! heat1 & at la/ arrives ne>ly pro/rat$ by sun/roke4 ,v9c5zo soon appe>s1 & is %ortly foll[$ by ,raimondo1 :o1 see+ ! sad condition ( 8 daught]1 is mov$ to pity & gives 8 cons5t to ! union ( ! lov]s4 ,! sudd5 joyful *ange ( affairs re/ores h] w&]+ s5ses & ! happy pair are unit$4 ,! music is 9 no s5se dramatic1 b lyric & pa/oral ?r\gh\t1 & is specially m>k$ by ! beautiful ,fr5* *ansons ) :i* x ab\nds4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a delightful pa/oral *orus ( ! maid5s "u ! mulb]ry-trees 7,facciam c>ole1 o giov9ette71 :i* is v fre% & graceful4 ,! second beg9s ) an equally delightful *orus & f>&ole 7,la ,f>&ola tutti consola71 foll[$ by ! beautiful ,prov5cal folk-song1 ,dolce una brezza1 intorno olezza1 :i* is full ( local color4 ,tav5a s+s a qua9t =tune-tell]'s r\ndelay 7,la /agione arriva71 & 9 ! next sc5e ,mireille has a numb] ( r>e beauty 7,ah6 piu non temo fato 71 9 :i* %e decl>es h] unalt]able atta*m5t to ,v9c5zo4 ,! f9ale ( ?is act1 ) its /rong aria 7,qui mi pro/ro innanzi ate71 is v spirit$1 & 9 fact may be consid]$ ! only dramatic episode 9 ! :ole "w4 ,! ?ird act op5s ) ! qua9t little song ( ,&reluno1 ! %eph]d boy 7,l'alba tranquilla71 ) oboe accompanim5t4 ,x also conta9s a pla9tive song = t5or 7,ah6 se de preghi miei71 & closes ) a waltz song 7,o d'amor messag]a71 :i* is fairly gorge\s 9 bravura effects1 & ,hanslick says 0 a concession to ,miolan-,c>valho1 l ! jewel song 9 ,fau/ & ! waltz song 9 ,romeo & ,juliet4 ,9 ! orig9al libretto ! song _h its place 9 ! fir/ act1 & inde$ num]\s *anges h be5 made 9 ! libretto s9ce ! op]a fir/ appe>$2 z 9 ! orig9al1 ,mireille dies 9 ! arms ( h] lov]1 & ,urias1 ,v9c5zo's rival1 is dr[n$ 9 ! ,rhone4 ,:5 x fir/ appe>$1 h[ev]1 great objection 0 made to sev]al ( ! situations1 & ! libretto 0 decl>$ fanta/ic & un9t]e/+2 h5ce ! *anges4 ,z a lyric drama1 delightfully pictur+ ! qua9tness & simplicity ( prov9cial life1 n alone 9 ! tunefulness ( ! music1 b also 9 its pa/oral naivete & :at may be t]m$ its folk-*>act]i/ics1 x w hold a high place ^u ! /age z long z "y & fre% voices c be f\nd to s+ x4 ,,halevy4 ,jacques ,francois ,from5?al ,elias ,halevy 0 born at ,p>is1 ,may #bg1 #agii1 ( ,israeliti% p>5ts1 ^: "n 0 orig9ally ,levy4 ,he ent]$ ! ,cons]vatory 9 #ahji1 & 9 #ahai obta9$ ! ,gr& ,prize = 8 cantata ( ,h]mione4 ,aft] 8 arrival 9 ,italy he wrote sev]al m9or pieces1 b 8 music did n attract public att5tion until 8 return to ,p>is1 :5 8 ?ree-act op]a1 ,cl>i1 br\ght out ,dec4 #i1 #ahbh1 ) ,malibran 9 ! pr9cipal role1 made a success4 ,le ,dilettante d',avignon 7a satire on ,italian librettos71 ,manon ,lescaut 7a ballet 9 ?ree acts71 ,la ,langue ,musicale1 ,la ,t5tation1 & ,les ,s\v5irs rapidly foll[$ ,cl>i1 ) alt]nat+ successes & failures4 ,9 #ahce 8 great "w1 ,la ,juive1 appe>$1 & 9 ! same ye>1 ,l',eclair1 "o ( 8 mo/ *>m+ op]as1 writt5 )\t *orus = two t5ors & two sopranos4 ,x 0 consid]$ at ! "t a m>vell\s feat t he %\ld h produc$ two su* opposite works 9 ! same ye>1 & great hopes 7 ent]ta9$ t he w\ld surpass !m4 ,^! hopes fail$1 h[ev]4 ,he subsequ5tly wrote ov] tw5ty op]as1 among !m ,guido et ,g9evra 7#ahch72 ,*>les ,,vi4 7#ahdb72 ,la ,re9e de ,*ypre 7#ahdb72 ,les ,m\squetaires de la ,re9e 7#ahdf72 ,le ,val d',&orre 7#ahdh72 ,la ,tempete 7#ahec73 ,le ,juif ,errant 7#ahee71 & o!rs2 b ,la ,juive & ,l',eclair rema9$ 8 ma/]pieces1 & procur$ him admission into ! ,in/itute4 ,he 0 also a pr(essor 9 ! ,cons]vatory1 & among 8 pupils 7 ,g\nod1 ,masse1 ,baz91 ,duv]noy1 ,bizet1 & o!rs4 ,he enjoy$ _m honors1 & di$ ,m>* #ag1 #ahfb4 ,a ,de ,pr(undis 0 sung on ! occasion ( 8 fun]al1 writt5 by f\r ( 8 pupils1 ,,mm4 ,g\nod1 ,masse1 ,baz91 & ,coh54 ,z a compos] he 0 influ5c$ l>gely by ,mey]be]1 & is rem>kable r = 8 l>ge dramatic effects ?an = 8 melody4 ,,! ,,jewess ,la ,juive1 a gr& op]a 9 five acts1 words by ,scribe1 orig9ally writt5 = ,ross9i & reject$ 9 favor ( ,william ,tell1 0 produc$ = ! fir/ "t at ! ,academie1 ,p>is1 ,feb4 #bc1 #ahce1 ) ! foll[+ ca/ ( ! pr9cipal p>ts3-- ,,ra*el ,mlle4 ,,cornelia ,,falcon4 ,,eudoxia ,mme4 ,,dorus-,,gras4 ,,eleaz> ,m4 ,,n\rrit4 ,,c>d9al ,m4 ,,levasseur4 ,x 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,engl& 9 ,fr5*1 ,july #bi1 #ahdf1 & 9 ,italian "u ! title ( ,la ,ebrea1 ,july #be1 #ahej4 ,9 ?is c\ntry x is mo/ famili> 9 ! ,g]man v]sion4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,con/ance1 "t1 #adad4 ,leopold1 a pr9ce ( ! empire1 return+ f ! w>s1 is enam\r$ ( ,ra*el1 a beautiful ,jewess1 daught] ( ,eleaz> ! goldsmi?4 ,! bett] to c>ry out 8 plans1 he calls himself ,samuel1 & pret5ds to be a ,jewi% pa9t]4 ,circum/ances1 h[ev]1 dispel ! illusion1 & ,ra*el le>ns t he is no o!r ?an ,leopold1 husb& ( ! pr9cess ,eudoxia4 ,ov]come ) indignation at ! discov]y ( 8 p]fidy1 %e publicly d5\nces 8 crime1 & ! ,c>d9al excommunicates ,leopold1 & pron\nces 8 mal$iction on ,ra*el & h] fa!r4 ,ra*el1 ,eleaz>1 & ,leopold are ?r[n into prison to await ! execution ( ! s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,dur+ _! imprisonm5t ,eudoxia int]c$es ) ,ra*el to save ,leopold's life1 & at la/1 mov$ by ! grief ( ! rightful wife1 %e publicly recants h] /atem5t4 ,leopold is bani%$1 b ,ra*el & h] fa!r are aga9 condemn$ to dea? = conspir+ aga9/ ! life ( a ,*ri/ian4 ,eleaz> det]m9es to be rev5g$ 9 ! mom5t ( dea? ^u ! ,c>d9al1 :o has s5t5c$ !m1 & :o is at ! head ( a *ur* :i* he hates2 & j be=e !y are ?r[n into a caldron ( fire1 reveals to ! spectators t ,ra*el is n 8 own1 b an adopt$ daught]1 sav$ f ! ru9s ( ! ,c>d9al's burn+ palace1 & t %e is 8 *ild4 ,! op]a ( ,! ,jewess is pre-em95tly spectacul>1 & its music is dramatic & declamatory r ?an melodi\s4 ,! prom95t numb]s ( ! fir/ act are ! solemn decl>ation ( ! ,c>d9al 7,w5n ew'g] ,hass71 9 :i* he replies to ,eleaz>'s hatr$ ( ! ,*ri/ian2 ! romance sung by ,leopold 7,f]n vom ,lieb*5 weil571 :i* is 9 ! nature ( a s]5ade to ,ra*el2 ! dr9k+-song ( ! p at ! f\nta91 :i* is fl[+ w9e 7,eilt h]bei72 & ! spl5did *orus & m>* 7,leht1 es nahet si* d] ,zug7 :i* preludes ! impos+ pageantry music ( ! ,emp]or's arrival1 clos+ ) ! triumphant ,te ,deum to organ accompanim5t & ! greet+ to ! ,emp]or1 ,hosanna1 uns] ,kais] ho*4 ,! second act op5s ) ! celebration ( ! ,passov] 9 ,eleaz>'s h\se1 & introduces a v solemn & impressive pray] 7,allmae*t'g] blicke gna$ig74 ,9 ! next sc5e !re is a passionate ensemble & duet = ,eudoxia & ,leopold 7,i* w ihn seh'n71 :i* is foll[$ by a second spirit$ duet betwe5 ,ra*el & ,leopold 7,als me9 ,h]z72 an int5sely dramatic aria 7,a*6 ,vat]6 ,halt e9671 9 :i* %e claims h] %>e ( ,leopold's guilt2 & ! f9al gr& trio ( ana!ma pron\nc$ by ,eleaz>4 ,! ?ird act is pr9cipally devot$ to ! fe/ivities ( ! royal pageants1 & closes ) ! ana!ma ( ! ,c>d9al 7,ihr1 die ihr ,gottes ,zorn71 :i* is a conc]t$ numb] ( magnific5t p[] & spirit$ dramatic effect4 ,! f\r? act conta9s a gr& duet betwe5 ,eleaz> & ! ,c>d9al 7,ho]t i* re*t871 & closes ) "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful sc5as ev] writt5 = t5or 7,das ,todesur!il spri*71 9 :i* ,eleaz> welcomes dea? & hurls defiance at ! ,*ri/ians4 ,! la/ act is occupi$ ) ! tragic d5\em5t1 :i* af=ds spl5did opportunities = action1 & is accompani$ by v dramatic music to ! close1 (t5 ris+ to real sublimity4 ,9 ! pageantry ( ! /age1 9 ! expression ( high & passionate s5tim5t1 9 elaborat5ess ( treatm5t1 & 9 broad & p[]ful dramatic effect1 ,! ,jewess is "o ( ! /ronge/ op]as 9 ! mod]n rep]tory4 ,,hump]d9ck4 ,engelb]t ,hump]d9ck1 ! late/ /> 9 ! ,g]man musical firmam5t1 0 born1 ,sept4 #a1 #ahed1 at ,siegburg on ! ,rh9e1 & receiv$ 8 e>lie/ musical tra9+ at ! ,cologne ,cons]vatory4 ,he made su* rapid progress 9 8 /udies1 %[+ special pr(ici5cy 9 composition1 t he c>ri$ (f 9 succession ! ?ree prizes ( ! ,moz>t1 ,m5delssohn1 & ,mey]be] /ip5ds4 ,^! enabl$ him to cont9ue 8 lessons at ,muni*1 & aft]w>ds 9 ,italy4 ,:ile 9 ,naples1 9 #ahhj1 he attract$ ! att5tion ( ,ri*>d ,wagn] z a ris+ g5ius1 & two ye>s lat] _h ! honor ( an invitation to g to ,v5ice z 8 gue/1 ^u ! occasion ( ! p]=mance ( ,wagn]'s only symphony4 ,9 #ahhe he w5t to ,b>celona1 ,spa91 :]e he taught composition1 & 0 ! director ( a qu>tette at ! ,royal ,cons]vatory = two ye>s4 ,9 #ahhg he return$ to ,cologne1 & s9ce #ahij has be5 id5tifi$ ) a ,cons]vatory at ,frank=t-on-!-,ma94 ,9 addition to ! op]a ,hansel & ,gretel1 :i* has giv5 him a _w-wide fame1 he produc$1 a few ye>s ago1 a *orus ballad1 ,das ,glueck von ,ed5hall1 & a cantata1 ,die ,wallfahrt na* ,kevela>1 bas$ ^u ,he9e's poem1 & scor$ = soloi/s1 *orus1 & or*e/ra4 ,he has also writt5 sev]al songs & piano pieces1 &1 x is n[ report$1 is engag$ ^u a dramatic composition call$ ,! ,royal ,*ildr54 ,he is reg>d$ 9 ,g]many z ! "o compos] :o gives promise ( cont9u+ & develop+ ! s*eme ( ! music-drama z x 0 prop\nd$ by ,wagn]4 ,,hansel ,,& ,,gretel4 ,hansel & ,gretel1 a fairy op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,adelheid ,wette1 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,g]many 9 #ahid4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #ahie1 x 0 p]=m$ 9 ,london by ! ,royal ,c>l ,rosa ,op]a ,company1 r5d]$ into ,engli% by ,con/ance ,ba*e2 & 9 ! fall ( ! same ye> x _h its fir/ repres5tation 9 ,new ,york1 at ,daly's ,!atre1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,pet]1 a broom-mak] ,mr4 ,,jacques ,,b>s4 ,,g]trude1 8 wife ,miss ,,alice ,,gordon4 ,,! ,,wit* ,miss ,,l\ise ,,meissl+]4 ,,hansel ,miss ,,m>ie ,,elba4 ,,gretel ,miss ,,jeanne ,,d\/e4 ,,s&man1 ! ,sleep ,fairy ,miss ,,cecile ,,brani4 ,,dewman1 ! ,dawn ,fairy ,miss ,,edi? ,,john/on4 ,! /ory is tak5 f "o ( ,grimm's well-kn[n fairy tales1 & ! text 0 writt5 by ! compos]'s si/]1 ,adelheid ,wette4 ,x 0 ,frau ,wette's int5tion to arrange ! /ory 9 dramatic =m = ! amusem5t ( h] *ildr51 h] bro!r l5d+ 8 co-op]ation by writ+ a few little melodies1 ( a simple nature1 to accompany ! p]=mance4 ,:5 he _h read x1 h[ev]1 ! /ory took 8 fancy1 & its dramatic possibilities s appeal$ to him t he det]m9$ to give x an op]atic sett+ ) full or*e/ral score1 & ?us plac$ x 9 ! high] sph]e ( _w p]=mance by an art :i* n alone reveals ! highe/ type ( g5ial ,g]man s5tim5tality1 b1 curi\sly en\gh1 appli$ to ?is simple little /ory ( angels1 wit*es1 & ! two babes 9 ! woods ! same musical me?ods :i* ,wagn] has employ$ 9 tell+ ! /ories ( gods & demigods4 ,p]haps its highe/ praise 0 s\nd$ by ,siegfri$ ,wagn]1 son ( ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 :o decl>$ t ,hansel & ,gretel 0 ! mo/ important ,g]man op]a s9ce ,p>sifal1 not)/&+ its *ildi%ness & simplicity4 ,aft] a beautifully in/rum5t$ prelude1 :i* has already become a favorite conc]t piece1 ! curta9 rises ^u ! home ( ,pet]1 ! broom-mak]4 ,! p>5ts are away seek+ = food1 & ,hansel & ,gretel h be5 left 9 ! cottage ) in/ructions to knit & make brooms4 ,!re is a *>m+ dialogue betwe5 ! two *ildr51 beg9n+ ) a doleful lam5t ov] _! pov]ty1 & end+ ) an outbur/ ( *ildi% hil>ity 9 song & danc+1--a v]itable romp 9 music1--:i* is sudd5ly int]rupt$ by ! return ( ,g]trude1 ! "m1 empty-h&$1 :o *ides !m = _! behavior1 & 9 h] ang] upsets a jug ( milk :i* 0 ! only hope ( supp] 9 ! h\se4 ,) an en]getic outbur/ ( recitative %e s5ds !m into ! =e/1 tell+ !m n to return until !y h fill$ _! basket ) /rawb]ries4 ,aft] lam5t+ h] loss1 & m\rn+ ov] h] _m tr\bles1 %e falls asleep1 b is awak5$ by ! return ( ,pet]1 :o has be5 m =tunate1 & has br\ght home "s provisions4 ,a rollick+ sc5e ensues1 b sudd5ly he misses ! *ildr51 & breaks out 9 a fit ( rage :5 he is in=m$ t !y h gone into ! =e/4 ,to ! accompanim5t ( mo/ gruesome & *>act]i/ic music he tells 8 wife ( ! wit* :o haunts ! woods1 & :o1 liv+ 9 a honey-cake h\se1 entices little *ildr5 to x1 bakes !m into g+]bread 9 h] ov51 & !n dev\rs !m4 ,! second act1 ,9 ! ,=e/1 is prelud$ by a *>act]i/ic in/rum5tal numb]1 ,! ,wit*es' ,ride4 ,! *ildr5 are discov]$ ne> ! ,ils5/e91 among ! fir-trees1 mak+ g>l&s1 li/5+ to ! cuckoos1 & mock+ !m 9 a beautiful duet ) e*o accompanim5t4 ,at la/1 h[ev]1 !y realize t !y are lo/2 & 9 ! mid/ ( _! fe>1 :i* is int5sifi$ by /range sights & s\nds1 ! ,s&man1 or sleep fairy1 approa*es !m1 /rews s& 9 _! eyes1 & s+s !m to sleep ) a mo/ delici\s lullaby1 aft] !y h recit$ _! pray]1 ,:5 at night ,i g to sleep1 f\rte5 ,angels wat* d keep4 ,z !y sleep ! mi/ rolls away1 ! =e/ backgr\nd disappe>s1 & ! f\rte5 angels come d[n a sort ( ,jacob's ladd] & surr\nd ! *ildr51 :ile o!r angels p]=m a /ately dance1 gr\p+ !mselves 9 picturesque tableau z ! curta9 falls4 ,! ?ird act is entitl$ ,! ,wit*'s ,h\se4 ,! *ildr5 are /ill sleep+1 b ! angels h vani%$4 ,! ,dawn-,fairy /eps =w>d & %akes dewdrops f a bluebell ov] !m1 accompany+ ! action ) a delightful song1 ,i'm up ) e>ly ,dawn+4 ,gretel is ! fir/ to wake1 & r\ses ,hansel by tickl+ him ) a leaf1 at ! same "t s++ a v]itable tickl+ melody1 & !n tell+ him :at %e has se5 9 h] dream4 ,9 place ( ! fir-trees !y discov] ! wit*'s h\se at ! ,ils5/e91 ) an ov5 on "o side & on ! o!r a cage1 bo? jo9$ to ! h\se by a curi\s f5ce ( g+]bread figures4 ,! h\se itself is con/ruct$ ( sweets & creams4 ,attract$ by its delici\s fragrance & too?som5ess1 ! hungry *ildr5 break (f a piece & are nibbl+ at x1 :5 ! old wit* )9 surprises & captures !m4 ,aft] a s]ies ( incantations1 & mu* rid+ ^u h] broom/ick1 :i* are vividly portray$ 9 ! music1 %e prep>es to cook ,gretel 9 ! ov52 b :ile look+ into x ! *ildr5 deftly tumble h] into ! fire4 ,! wit* waltz1 danc$ by ! *ildr5 & full ( joy\s ab&on1 foll[s4 ,to a mo/ vivid accompanim5t1 ,hansel ru%es into ! h\se & ?r[s fruit1 nuts1 & sweetmeats into ,gretel's apron4 ,mean:ile ! ov5 falls into bits1 & a cr[d ( *ildr5 sw>ms ar\nd !m1 releas$ f _! g+]bread disguises1 & s+ a swell+ *orus ( gratitude z two ( ! boys drag ! wit* f ! ru9s ( ! ov5 9 ! =m ( a big g+]bread-cake4 ,! fa!r & "m appe>4 ,_! long que/ is end$4 ,! family jo9 9 s++ a pi\s little hymn1 ,:5 pa/ be>+ is our grief1 ,god ! ,"l w s5d relief2 & ! *ildr5 dance joy\sly ar\nd ! reunit$ gr\p4 ,! /ory is only a little *ild's tale1 b x is w$d$ to music ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,! union has be5 made s deftly1 ! motives are s *>m+ & take _! places s skilfully1 & ! music is s s*ol>ly & *>act]i/ic ?r\gh\t1 t no "o has yet consid]$ ?is union z incongru\s4 ,9 ?is respect ,hansel & ,gretel is a di/9ct creation 9 ! op]atic _w4 ,,leoncavallo4 ,ruggi]o ,leoncavallo1 a promis+ repres5tative ( ! "y ,italian s*ool1 0 born 9 ,naples1 ,m>* #h1 #aheh4 ,he fir/ /udi$ ) ,siri1 & aft]w>ds le>n$ h>mony & ! piano f ,simonetti4 ,:ile a /ud5t at ! ,naples ,cons]vatory he 0 advis$ by ,rossi1 "o ( 8 tea*]s1 to devote himself to op]a4 ,9 pursuance ( ?is c\nsel1 he w5t to ,bologna1 & !re wrote 8 fir/ op]a1 ,tommaso ,*att]ton1 :i* /ill rema9s 9 manuscript & unp]=m$4 ,!n foll[$ a s]ies ( w&] ye>s1 dur+ :i* he visit$ _m ,european c\ntries1 giv+ lessons 9 s++ & ^u ! piano1 & meet+ ) v>y+ =tunes4 ,9 all ^! ye>s1 h[ev]1 he *]i%$ ! plan ( produc+ a trilogy 9 ! ,wagn]ian mann] ) a gr\ndwork f ,flor5t9e hi/ory4 ,9 a lett] he says3 ,i subdivid$ ! hi/orical p]iods 9 ! foll[+ way3 fir/ "p1 ',i ,m$ici1' f ! accession ( ,sextus ,,iv4 to ! ,pazzi conspiracy2 second "p1 ',savonorola1' f ! inve/iture ( ,fra ,b5$etto to ! dea? ( ,savonorola2 ?ird "p1 ',ces>e ,borgia1' f ! dea? ( ! ,duke ( ,c&ia to t ( ,alex&] ,,vi4 ,! fir/ "p 0 complet$ & p]=m$ 9 ,milan 9 ,novemb]1 #ahic1 & 0 a failure1 not)/&+ its effective in/rum5tation4 ,x 0 n s1 h[ev]1 ) ! little two-act op]a ,i ,pagliacci1 :i* 0 produc$ ,may #ba1 #ahib1 at ,milan1 & met ) an in/antane\s & en?usia/ic success4 ,8 next "w 0 a *orus ) or*e/ral accompanim5t1 ! text bas$ ^u ,balzac's rhapsodical & highly wr\ght ,s]aphita1 :i* 0 p]=m$ at ,milan 9 #ahid4 ,x has be5 rec5tly report$ t ! ,emp]or ( ,g]many has giv5 him a commission to produce an op]a ^u a national subject1 ,rol& ( ,b]l94 ,( 8 works1 ,i ,pagliacci is ! only "o kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x has met ) great favor "h1 & has become /&>d 9 ! ,italian rep]tory4 ,i ,,pagliacci4 ,i ,pagliacci1 an ,italian op]a 9 two acts1 words by ! compos]1 ,ruggi]o ,leoncavallo1 0 fir/ p]=m$ at ,milan1 ,may #ba1 #ahib1 & 0 introduc$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! spr+ ( #ahid1 ,mme4 ,arnoldson1 ,mme4 ,calve1 & ,signors ,ancona1 ,gromzeski1 ,guet>y1 & ,de ,lucia tak+ ! pr9cipal p>ts4 ,! sc5e is laid 9 ,calabria dur+ ! ,fea/ ( ! ,assumption4 ,! ,pagliacci are a tr\pe ( it9]ant m\ntebanks1 ! *>act]s be+ ,n$da1 ! ,columb9e1 :o is wife ( ,canio1 or ,pun*9ello1 ma/] ( ! tr\pe2 ,tonio1 ! ,cl[n2 ,beppe1 ! ,h>lequ92 & ,silvio1 a villag]4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) ! picturesque arrival ( ! tr\pe 9 ! village1 & ! prep>ations = a p]=mance 9 ! ru/ic !atre1 ) :i* ! peasants are ov]joy$4 ,! tragic elem5t ( ! composition is app>5t at once1 & ! action moves swiftly on to ! fe>ful d5\em5t4 ,tonio1 ! cl[n1 is 9 love ) ,n$da1 & be=e ! p]=mance makes advances to h]1 :i* %e res5ts by sla%+ him across ! face ) ,beppe's rid+-:ip4 ,he ru%es (f v[+ rev5ge1 & ^u 8 return ov]he>s ,n$da decl>+ h] passion = ,silvio1 a "y peasant1 & arrang+ to elope ) him4 ,tonio !reupon seeks ,canio1 & tells him ( 8 wife's infidelity4 ,canio hurries to ! spot1 enc\nt]s ,n$da2 b ,silvio has fl$1 & %e refuses to give 8 "n4 ,he attempts to /ab h]1 b is prev5t$ by ,beppe1 & ! act closes ) ! f9al prep>ation = ! %[1 ! grief-/rick5 husb& donn+ ! motley 9 gloomy & =ebod+ sil5ce4 ,! second act op5s ) ,tonio beat+ ! big drum1 & ! p cr[d+ to ! %[1 among !m ,silvio1 :o manages to make an appo9tm5t ) ,n$da :ile %e is collect+ ! money4 ,! curta9 ( ! little !atre rises1 disclos+ a small room b>ely furni%$4 ,! play to be p]=m$ is almo/ an id5tical picture ( ! real situation 9 ! un=tunate little tr\pe4 ,columb9e1 :o is to poison h] husb&1 ,pun*9ello1 is ent]ta9+ h] lov]1 ,h>lequ91 :ile ,taddeo1 ! cl[n1 wat*es = ,pun*9ello's return4 ,:5 ,canio f9ally appe>s ! mimic trag$y becomes "o 9 reality4 ,inflam$ ) passion1 he ru%es ^u ,n$da1 & dem&s ! "n ( h] lov]4 ,%e /ill refuses to tell4 ,he draws 8 dagg]4 ,n$da1 consci\s ( h] dang]1 calls ^u ,silvio 9 ! audi5ce to save h]2 b x is too late4 ,h] husb& kills h]1 & ,silvio1 :o ru%es ^u ! /age1 is kill$ ) ! same dagg]4 ,) a wild cry full ( hate1 jeal\sy1 & despair1 ! un=tunate ,canio tells ! audi5ce ,la comm$ia e f9ita 7,! com$y is f9i%$74 ,! curta9 falls ^u ! trag$y1 & ! excit$ audi5ce disp]ses4 ,! /ory is peculi>ly ,italian 9 its motive1 ?\gh ! compos] has be5 *>g$ ) tak+ x f ,la ,femme de ,tab>91 by ! ,fr5* noveli/1 ,catulle ,m5des4 ,be ?is z x may1 ,leoncavallo's v]sion has ! m]it ( brevity1 concis5ess1 +5uity1 & swift action1 clos+ 9 a d5\em5t ( great tragic p[] & capable1 9 ! h&s ( a good actor1 ( be+ made v effective4 ,! compos] has n alone be5 *>g$ ) borr[+ ! /ory1 b also ) plagi>iz+ ! music4 ,s f> z ! accusation ( plagi>ism is conc]n$1 h[ev]1 x h>dly involves any?+ m s]i\s ?an ^? curi\s resemblances :i* are s (t5 f\nd 9 musical compositions4 ,z a :ole1 ! op]a is melodi\s1 =ceful1 full ( snap & g1 & int5sely dramatic1 & is )\t a dull mom5t f ! prologue 7,si puo8 ,signore7 sung be=e ! curta9 by ,tonio to t la/ despair+ outcry ( ,canio 7,la comm$ia e f9ita71 ^u :i* ! curta9 falls4 ,! prom95t numb]s are ! prologue already ref]r$ to2 ,n$da's beautiful cavat9a 9 ! second sc5e 7,o1 *e volo d'angello72 h] duet ) ,silvio 9 ! ?ird sc5e 7,e allor p]*e72 ! passionate declamation ( ,canio at ! close ( ! fir/ act 7,recitur6 m5tre preso dal delirio72 ! s]5ade ( ,beppe 9 ! second act 7,o ,colomb9o1 il t5]o72 & ! graceful dance-music :i* plays s s+ul> a "p 9 ?is fi]ce /ruggle ( ! passions1 :i* =ms ! motive ( ! clos+ sc5es4 ,,mascagni4 ,pietro ,mascagni1 :o leap$ into fame at a s+le b\nd1 0 born at ,leghorn1 ,dec4 #g1 #ahfc4 ,8 fa!r 0 a bak]1 & _h plann$ = 8 son a c>e] 9 ! legal pr(ession2 b1 z (t5 happ5s1 fate ord]$ o!rwise4 ,8 ta/es 7 di/9ctly musical1 & 8 det]m9ation to /udy music 0 enc\rag$ by ,signor ,bian*i1 a s++ tea*]1 :o recogniz$ 8 tal5t4 ,= a "t he took lessons1 unkn[n to 8 fa!r1 ( ,s(fr$9i1 b :5 x 0 discov]$ he 0 ord]$ to ab&on music & devote himself to ! law4 ,at ?is juncture 8 uncle ,/efano came to 8 rescue1 took him to 8 h\se1 provid$ him ) a piano1 & also ) ! means to pursue 8 /udies4 ,recogniz+ ! uselessness ( fur!r objections1 ! fa!r at la/ )drew !m1 & left 8 son free to foll[ 8 own pleasure4 ,he progress$ s rapidly "u ,s(fr$9i t he 0 soon engag$ 9 composition1 8 fir/ works be+ a symphony 9 ,c m9or & a ,kyrie1 :i* 7 p]=m$ 9 #ahgi4 ,9 #ahha he compos$ a cantata1 ,9 ,fil&a1 & a sett+ ( ,s*ill]'s hymn1 ,an die ,freude1 bo? ( :i* _h successful public p]=mances4 ,! =m] attract$ ! att5tion ( a ri* nobleman :o furni%$ "y ,mascagni ) ! means to att5d ! ,milan ,cons]vatory4 ,aft] /udy+ !re a %ort "t1 he sudd5ly left ,milan ) an op]atic tr\pe1 & visit$ v>i\s ,italian cities1 a pilgrimage :i* 0 ( great value to him1 z x made him acqua9t$ ) ! res\rces ( an or*e/ra & ! details ( conduct+4 ,! tr\pe1 h[ev]1 met ) h>d =tunes1 & 0 soon disb&$1 ?r[+ ,mascagni ^u ! _w4 ,= a few ye>s he made a prec>i\s liv+ 9 obscure t[ns1 by tea*+1 & _h at la/ rea*$ desp]ate extremities :5 "o day he read 9 a newspap] t ,sonzogno1 ! music publi%]1 _h (f]$ prizes = ! ?ree be/ "o act op]as1 to be p]=m$ 9 ,rome4 ,he at once ent]$ into ! competition1 & produc$ ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana4 ,x took ! fir/ prize4 ,x did m ?an ?is = ! impecuni\s compos]4 ,:5 p]=m$1 x made a success ( en?usiasm4 ,he 0 call$ tw5ty times be=e ! curta94 ,honors & decorations 7 %[]$ ^u him4 ,he 0 ev]y:]e greet$ ) s]5ades & ovations4 ,e op]a-h\se 9 ,europe clamor$ = ! new "w4 ,9 a day he _h ris5 f utt] obscurity & become _w-fam\s4 ,8 sudd5 popul>ity1 h[ev]1 _h a p]nici\s effect1 z x induc$ him to ru% out m op]as )\t giv+ suffici5t "t to _! prep>ation4 ,l',amico ,fritz1 bas$ ^u ! well-kn[n ,erckmann-,*atrian /ory1 & ,i ,rantzau quickly foll[$ ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana1 b did n meet ) its success4 ,la/ ye> h[ev] he produc$ two op]as at ,milan1 ,guglielmo ,ratcliff & ,silvano1 :i* prov$ successful4 ,:e!r ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana is to rema9 z 8 only hold ^u popul> favor1 ! future alone c tell2 b t he has tal5t ( ! highe/ ord]1 & t he has produc$ an op]a ^: reception has be5 almo/ unp>allel$ 9 ! _w ( music _c be que/ion$4 ,,cavall]ia ,,ru/icana4 ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana1 an op]a 9 "o act1 words by ,signori ,t>gioni-,tozzetti & ,m5asci1 music by ,pietro ,mascagni1 0 writt5 9 #ahij1 & 0 fir/ p]=m$ at ! ,co/anzi ,!atre 9 ,rome1 ,may #bj1 ( t ye>1 ) ,gemma ,bell9coni & ,rob]to ,/agno 9 ! two pr9cipal roles4 ,x _h its fir/ ,am]ican production 9 ,philadelphia1 ,sept4 #i1 #ahia1 ) ,mme4 ,kronold z ,santuzza1 ,miss ,campbell z ,lola1 ,guille z ,turridu1 ,del ,pu5te z ,alfio1 & ,jeannie ,teal z ,lucia4 ,! /ory ^u :i* ! text ( ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana is bas$ is tak5 f a ,sicilian tale by ,giovanni ,v]ga4 ,x is peculi>ly ,italian 9 its motive1 runn+ a swift1 sure gamut ( love1 flirtation1 jeal\sy1 & dea?1--a melodrama ( a passionate & tragic sort1 amid some:at squalid environm5ts1 t p>ticul>ly l5ds itself to music ( ,mascagni's =ceful sort4 ,! ov]ture graphically pres5ts ! ma9 !mes ( ! op]a1 & ^! !mes illu/rate a v simple b /rong /ory4 ,turridu1 a "y ,sicilian peasant1 arriv$ home f army s]vice1 f9ds t 8 old love1 ,lola1 dur+ 8 abs5ce has m>ri$ ,alfio1 a c>t]4 ,to console himself he makes love to ,santuzza1 :o returns 8 passion ) ardor4 ,! incon/ant ,turridu1 h[ev]1 soon tires ( h] & makes fre% advances to ,lola1 :o1 inspir$ by h] jeal\sy ( ,santuzza1 & h] natural coquetry1 smiles ^u him aga94 ,! latt] seeks to reclaim him1 &1 :5 %e is rudely repuls$1 tells ! /ory ( ,lola's p]fidy to ,alfio1 :o *all5ges ,turridu & kills him4 ,dur+ ! ov]ture ,turridu s+s a *>m+ ,siciliana 7,o ,lola c'hai di latti71 & ! curta9 rises1 disclos+ a ,sicilian village ) a *ur* decorat$ = ,ea/] s]vice4 ,z ! sacri/an op5s its doors1 ! villag]s appe> & s+ a hymn to ! ,madonna4 ,a hurri$ duet foll[s1 9 :i* ,santuzza reveals to "m ,lucia h] grief at ! p]fidy ( ,turridu4 ,h] disc\rse is int]rupt$ by ! entrance ( ,alfio1 s++ a rollick+ :ip-song 7,il cavallo scalpita7 ) accompanim5t ( male *orus4 ,! sc5e !n develops into a trio1 clos+ ) a hymn 7,inneggiamo1 il ,signor71 sung by ! p 9 ! squ>e1 & l$ by ,santuzza h]self1 & bl5d+ ) ! ,reg9a ,coeli1 p]=m$ by ! *oir inside ! *ur* ) organ accompanim5t1 ! numb] f9ally work+ up into a trem5d\s climax 9 g5u9e ,italian /yle4 ,9 ! next sc5e ,santuzza tells h] sad /ory to ,lucia1 ,turridu's "m1 9 a romanza ( great p[] 7,voi lo sapete71 clos+ ) an outbur/ ( ! highe/ significance z %e appeals to ,lucia to pray = h]4 ,9 ! next sc5e ,turridu ent]s4 ,santuzza upbraids him1 & a passionate duet foll[s 9 :i* ,santuzza's suspicions are m ?an confirm$ by 8 av[al ( 8 passion = ,lola4 ,! duet is int]rupt$ by a song ( ! latt]1 he>d 9 ! di/ance ) h>p accompanim5t 7,fior di giaggiolo74 ,z %e approa*es ! pair ! song gr[s liveli]1 & at its close %e bant]s poor ,santuzza ) bit+ s>casms1 & assails ,turridu ) all ! arts ( coquetry4 ,%e passes into ! *ur*1 confid5t t ! infatuat$ ,turridu w foll[ h]4 ,an impassion$ duo ( great p[] foll[s1 9 :i* ,santuzza pleads ) him to love h]1 b all 9 va94 ,he ru%es into ! *ur*4 ,%e attempts to foll[ him1 b falls ^u ! /eps j z ,alfio comes up4 ,to him %e relates ! /ory ( h] tr\bles1 & ( ,turridu's bas5ess4 ,alfio promises to rev5ge h]1 & ano!r p[]ful duet foll[s4 ,z !y leave ! /age1 !re is a sudd5 & mo/ unexpect$ *ange 9 ! "* ( ! music & ! motive ( ! drama4 ,9 ! place ( /ruggle1 conte/+ passions1 & manife/ations ( rage1 hate1 & jeal\sy ensues an int]mezzo = or*e/ra1 ) an accompanim5t ( h>ps & organ1 ( ! utmo/ simplicity & sweetness1 brea?+ some?+ l a sacr$ calm1 & turn+ ! ?\ghts away f all ?is human turmoil into conditions ( peace & re/4 ,x has n only become "o ( ! mo/ favorite numb]s 9 ! conc]t rep]tory1 b is gr\nd out f e b>rel-organ ! _w ov]1 & yet x has reta9$ its hold ^u popul> admiration4 ,at its close ! turmoil beg9s aga9 & ! action ha/5s to ! tragic d5\em5t4 ,! p come out ( ! *ur* s++ a glad *orus :i* is foll[$ by a dr9k+ song 7,viva il v9o71 sung by ,turridu1 & jo9$ 9 by ,lola & *orus4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! hil>ity ,alfio appe>s4 ,turridu invites him to jo9 !m & dr9k2 b he refuses1 & ! qu>rel beg9s4 ,lola & ! fright5$ wom5 )draw4 ,turridu bites ,alfio's "r e>1--a ,sicilian =m ( *all5ge4 ,! sc5e closes ) ! dea? ( ! =m] at ,alfio's h&s1 & ,santuzza is av5g$2 b ! fickle ,lola has gone h] way b5t ^u o!r conque/s4 ,,mey]be]4 ,giacomo ,mey]be]1 ! elde/ son ( ,h]z ,be]1 0 born 9 ,b]l91 ,sept4 #e1 #agid4 ,he 0 nam$ ,jacob ,mey] ,be]1 b aft]w>ds call$ himself ,giacomo ,mey]be]4 ,8 e>ly /udies 7 pursu$ ) ! piani/ ,lanska1 & ,b]n>d ,anselm ,web]1 *ief ( ! ,b]l9 or*e/ra4 ,at fifte5 he became ! pupil ( ,vogl] 9 ,d>m/adt1 ) :om he display$ su* tal5t 9 composition t he 0 nam$ ,compos] to ! ,c\rt by ! ,gr& ,duke4 ,at eighte5 8 fir/ dramatic "w1 ,! ,daught] ( ,jeph?a1 0 p]=m$ at ,muni*4 ,he !n began ! _w = himself1 & made 8 debut 9 ,vi5na z a piani/ ) great success4 ,8 fir/ op]a1 ,! ,two ,caliphs1 met ) complete failure1 z x 0 n writt5 9 ! ,italian =m4 ,he at once trans=m$ 8 /yle & br\ght out ,romilda e ,co/anza1 a s]io-comic op]a1 ) great success1 at ,padua4 ,9 #ahbj1 ,emma di ,resburgo appe>$ at ,v5ice1 & f ?is p]iod 8 /> 0 9 ! asc5dant4 ,! ,gate ( ,br&eburg1 ,m>gh>ita d' ,anj\1 ,esule di ,granata1 & ,almanz> foll[$ 9 quick succession1 & 7 well receiv$1 ?\gh ) no?+ l ! furor :i* ,il ,crociato 9 ,egitto creat$ 9 ,v5ice 9 #ahbd4 ,8 next great "w1 ,rob]t le ,diable1 0 produc$ 9 ,p>is1 ,nov4 #ba1 #ahca1 ! unp>allel$ success ( :i* c>ri$ its fame to e "p ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,9 #ahcf ,! ,hugu5ots1 unque/ionably 8 ma/]piece1 0 br\ght out1 & x /ill holds its place z "o ( ! gr&e/ dramatic works ! _w has ev] se54 ,9 #ahch ,scribe furni%$ him ! libretto ( ,l',africa9e1 b be=e ! music 0 f9i%$ he _h *ang$ ! text s mu* t ,scribe )drew x altoge!r4 ,he 0 consol$1 h[ev]1 by ,mey]be]'s tak+ f him ! libretto ( ,le ,prophete1 ?is op]a be+ f9i%$ 9 #ahdc4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ ye> he wrote sev]al miscellane\s pieces besides ! ?ree-act ,g]man op]a1 ,e9 ,feldlag] 9 ,s*lesi51 9 :i* ,j5ny ,l9d made h] ,b]l9 debut4 ,9 #ahdf he compos$ ! ov]ture & incid5tal music to 8 bro!r's drama ( ,/ru5see1 & 9 #ahdg he n only prep>$ ! way = ,wagn]'s ,fly+ ,dut*man 9 ,p>is1 b p]sonally produc$ ,ri5zi1--s]vices :i* ,wagn] poorly requit$4 ,9 #ahdi ,le ,prophete 0 giv5 9 ,p>is2 9 #ahed1 ,l',etoile du ,nord2 & 9 #ahei1 ,d9orah2 b none ( !m rea*$ ! fame ( ,! ,hugu5ots4 ,9 #ahfj he wrote two cantatas & comm5c$ a musical drama call$ ,goe!'s ,jug5dzeit1 :i* 0 nev] f9i%$4 ,9 #ahfb & #ahfc he work$ ^u ,l',africa9e1 & at la/ br\ght x =w>d z f> z a rehe>sal2 b he di$ ,april #bc1 #ahfc1 & x 0 n p]=m$ until two ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,,! ,,hugu5ots4 ,les ,hugu5ots1 a gr& op]a 9 five acts1 words by ,scribe & ,des*amps1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,academie1 ,p>is1 ,feb4 #bi1 #ahcf1 ) ! foll[+ ca/ ( ! pr9cipal p>ts3-- ,,val5t9 ,mlle4 ,,falcon4 ,,m>gu]ite ,,de ,,valois ,mme4 ,,dorus-,,gras4 ,,urba9 ,mlle4 ,,fle*eux4 ,,c\nt ,,de ,,/4 ,,bris ,m4 ,,l]da4 ,,c\nt ,,de ,,nev]s ,m4 ,,d]ivis4 ,,ra\l ,,de ,,nangis ,m4 ,,n\rrit4 ,,m>cel ,m4 ,,levasseur4 ,at its fir/ production 9 ,london 9 ,italian1 z ,gli ,ugonotti1 ,july #bj1 #ahdh1 ! ca/ 0 ev5 m rem>kable ?an t above4 ,mey]be] specially adapt$ ! op]a = ! p]=mance1 transpos$ ! "p ( ! page1 :i* 0 writt5 = a soprano1 & expressly compos$ a cavat9a to be sung by ,mme4 ,alboni1 9 ! sc5e ( ! *ateau & g>d5s ( ,*5onceaux1 =m+ ! second act ( ! orig9al "w1 b n[ giv5 z ! second sc5e ( ! fir/ act 9 ! ,italian v]sion4 ,! ca/ 0 z foll[s3-- ,,val5t9 ,mme4 ,,paul9e ,,vi>dot4 ,,m>gu]ite ,,de ,,valois ,mme4 ,,ca/ellan4 ,,urba9 ,mlle4 ,,alboni4 ,,c\nt ,,de ,,/4 ,,bris ,sig4 ,,tambur9i4 ,,c\nt ,,de ,,nev]s ,sig4 ,,tagliafico4 ,,ra\l ,,de ,,nangis ,sig4 ,,m>io4 ,,m>cel ,sig4 ,,m>9i4 ,! action ( ! op]a passes 9 #aegb1 ! fir/ & second acts 9 ,t\ra9e1 & ! rema9d] 9 ,p>is4 ,! fir/ act op5s on a sc5e ( revelry 9 ! salon ( ,c\nt de ,nev]s1 :]e a numb] ( noblem51 among !m ,ra\l de ,nangis1 a ,prote/ant1 accompani$ by 8 fai?ful old ,hugu5ot s]vant1 ,m>cel1 are pres5t1 tell+ /ories ( _! exploits 9 love4 ,m>gu]ite de ,valois1 ! betro!d ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 = ! sake ( reconcil+ ! dispute betwe5 ! two religi\s sects1 s5ds h] page to ,de ,nev]s's salon & invites ,ra\l to h] *ateau4 ,:5 he arrives1 ,m>gu]ite in=ms him ( h] purpose to give him 9 m>riage to a ,ca?olic lady1 daught] ( ! ,c\nt de ,/4 ,bris4 ,ra\l at fir/ cons5ts2 b :5 ,val5t9 is introduc$ to him & he discov]s h] to be a lady :om he _h once rescu$ f insult & :o _h visit$ ,de ,nev]s 9 8 salon1 he rejects ! proposition1 believ+ t h] affections h be5 be/[$ ^u ano!r1 & t 8 enemies are seek+ to entrap him4 ,/4 ,bris *all5ges ,ra\l = ! affront1 b ! ,que5 dis>ms ! angry combatants4 ,val5t9 is n[ urg$ to m>ry ,c\nt de ,nev]s1 & begs t %e may pass ! day 9 pray] 9 ! *apel4 ,mean:ile ,c\nt de ,/4 ,bris1 :o has be5 *all5g$ by ,ra\l1 =ms a plot = 8 assass9ation1 :i* is ov]he>d by ,val5t9 f )9 ! *apel4 ,%e communicates ! plot to ,m>cel1 :o lies 9 wait ) a p>ty ( ,hugu5ots 9 ! vic9ity ( ! duel1 & comes to ,ra\l's rescue :5 dang] ?reat5s him4 ,a g5]al combat is ab\t to ensue1 b x is suppress$ by ,m>gu]ite1 :o sudd5ly appe>s ^u ! sc5e4 ,ra\l ?us discov]s t he owes 8 life to ,val5t91 & t h] visit to ,de ,nev]s 0 to induce him to sev] ! relations betwe5 !m1 z %e 0 9 love ) ,ra\l4 ,! ann\ncem5t comes too late1 = ! m>riage fe/ivities h already begun4 ,ra\l visits h] = ! la/ "t4 ,_! int]view is di/urb$ by ! approa* ( ,de ,nev]s1 ,/4 ,bris1 & o!r ,ca?olic noblem51 :o meet to arrange ! details ( ! plot conceiv$ by ,ca!r9e de ,m$icis = ! slaught] ( ! ,hugu5ots on ,/4 ,b>?olomew's ,eve4 ,val5t9 hurri$ly conceals ,ra\l beh9d ! tape/ries1 :]e he ov]he>s _! plans & witnesses ! conjuration & ! bless+ ( ! swords1 z well z ! refusal ( ! *ivalr\s ,de ,nev]s to engage 9 murd]4 ,aft] ! conspirators h dep>t$1 ,ra\l & ,val5t9 h a long & affect+ int]view1 9 :i* he hesitates betwe5 love & honor1 ,val5t9 /riv+ to deta9 him le/ he may be includ$ 9 ! g5]al massacre4 ,honor at la/ prevails1 & he jo9s 8 fri5ds j be=e ! "w ( slaught] beg9s4 ,he ru%es to ! fe/ivities :i* are ab\t to be giv5 9 honor ( ! m>riage ( ,m>gu]ite ) ! ,k+ ( ,nav>re1 & w>ns ! ,hugu5ots ( _! dang]4 ,he !n makes 8 way to a *apel :]e _m ( !m are ga!r$ = refuge4 ,he f9ds ,m>cel1 :o has be5 w\nd$1 & :o br+s him ! tid+s ( ! dea? ( ,de ,nev]s4 ,! fai?ful ,val5t9 jo9s !m to %>e _! fate4 ,amid ! horrors ( ! massacre ,m>cel blesses & unites !m4 ,!y ent] ! *ur* & all p]i% toge!r4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) ! brilliant *orus ( ! revell]s 7,piac] della m5sa71 :i* is full ( c\rtly grace4 ,ra\l tells ! /ory ( ! unkn[n fair "o he has enc\nt]$1 9 ! romanza1 ,piu bianca del velo4 ,:5 ,m>cel is call$ ^u1 he hurri$ly *ants ! hymn1 ,o tu *e ognor1 set to ! ,m>t9 ,lu!r air1 ,e9 fe/e ,burg1 & height5$ by a /irr+ accompanim5t1 & !n bur/s out into a graphic song 7,f9ita e pe' frati71 emphasiz$ ) ! piff-paff ( bullets & full ( m>tial f]vor4 ,9 delightful contra/ ) ! fi]ce ,hugu5ot song comes ! lively & graceful romanza ( ,urba9 7,nobil donna e tanto one/a71 foll[$ by a delightful septet4 ,! sc5e n[ *anges1 & ) x ! music4 ,we are 9 ! ,que5's g>d5s at ,*5onceaux4 ,e numb]1 ! ,que5's solo 7,a que/a voce sola71 ! delicate ,ba!rs' ,*orus1 z x is call$ 7,audiam1 reg9a1 9 que/o am5e sponde71 ! brilliant & graceful allegretto sung by ,urba9 7,no1 no1 no1 no71 ! duet betwe5 ! ,que5 & ,ra\l1 bas$ ^u "o ( ! mo/ fl[+ ( melodies1 & ! spirit$ & effective f9ale 9 :i* ! nobles take ! oa? ( allegiance 7,p] la fe1 p] l'onore71--ea* & e "o ( ^! is color$ ) consummate skill1 :ile all are inve/$ ) *ivalr\s ref9em5t & /ately grace4 ,! second act op5s ) a beautiful *oral embroid]y 9 :i* diff]5t *oruses1 mo/ /rik+ 9 contra/1 are int]wov5 ) ma/]ly skill4 ,x is a picture1 9 music1 ( ! old ,p>is4 ,! citiz5s rejoice ov] _! day's "w done4 ,! ,hugu5ots %\t _! lu/y ,rataplan1 :ile ! ,papi/ maid5s s+ _! solemn litany 7,ave ,m>ia7 on _! way to *apel2 & z !y disappe>1 ! qua9t tones ( ! curfew *ant are he>d1 & night & re/ settle d[n ^u ! city4 ,x is a /rik+ introduction to :at foll[s1--! exquisite duet betwe5 ,m>cel & ,val5t91 ! great septet ( ! duel sc5e1 beg9n+1 ,de dritti miei ho l'alma accesa1 ) ! trem5d\s d\ble *orus :i* foll[s z ! two b&s ru% ^u ! sc5e4 ,z if = relief f ! /orm ( ?is sc5e1 ! act closes ) brilliant pageant music z ,de ,nev]s approa*es to escort ,val5t9 to h] bridal4 ,! ?ird act is ! climax ( ! "w1 & /&s almo/ unrivall$ 9 ! field ( dramatic music1 = ! mann] 9 :i* horror & passion are illu/rat$4 ,aft] a d>k & despair+ aria by ,val5t9 7,eccomi sola ormai71 & a brief duet ) ,ra\l1 ! conspirators ent]4 ,! great trio1 clos+ ) ! conjuration1 ,quel ,dio1 ! awful & /ately *ant ( ! monks 9 ! bless+ ( ! un%ea!d dagg]s 7,sia gloria et]na e onore71 & ! ?rill+ unisons ( ! *orus 7,d'un sacro zel l'ardore71 :i* fairly gl[ ) en]gy1 fi]c5ess1 & religi\s fury1--^! numb]s ( !mselves might h made an act2 b ,mey]be] does n pause "h4 ,he closes ) a duet betwe5 ,ra\l & ,val5t9 :i* does n suff] 9 comp>ison ) ! trem5d\s comb9ations :i* h prec$$ x4 ,x is fill$ ) ! alt]nations ( despair & love1 ( grief & ec/asy4 ,9 its movem5t x is ! v :irlw9d ( passion4 ,high] =m dramatic music c h>dly rea*4 ,9 ! ,italian v]sion ! p]=mance usually closes at ?is po9t2 b !re is /ill ano!r /rik+ & p[]ful sc5e1 t 9 :i* ,ra\l & ,val5t9 are unit$ by ! dy+ ,m>cel4 ,!n ! ?ree jo9 9 a sublime trio1 & = ! la/ "t *ant toge!r ! old ,lu!ran psalm1 & await _! fate amid ! triumphant h>p+s t s\nd f ! or*e/ra & ! hosanna !y s+ to its accompanim5t4 ,,! ,,/> ,,( ,,! ,,nor?4 ,l',etoile du ,nord1 an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,scribe1 0 fir/ p]=m$ at ! ,op]a ,comique1 ,p>is1 ,feb4 #af1 #ahed1 & 9 ,italian z ,la ,/ella del ,nord at ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,london1 ,july #ai1 #ahee4 ,9 ,engli% x has be5 produc$ "u ! title ( ,! ,/> ( ! ,nor?4 ,! op]a conta9s sev]al numb]s f ! compos]'s e>li] "w1 ,feldlag] 9 ,s*lesi51 :i* 0 writt5 = ! op5+ ( ! ,b]l9 op]a-h\se1 9 memory ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 & 0 subsequ5tly 7,feb4 #ag1 #ahdg7 p]=m$ ) great success 9 ,vi5na1 ,j5ny ,l9d tak+ ! role ( ,vielka4 ,! ,feldlag]1 h[ev]1 has nev] be5 giv5 out ( ,g]many4 ,! action ( ! op]a transpires 9 ,wyborg1 on ! ,gulf ( ,f9l&1 9 ! fir/ act1 at a camp ( ! ,russians 9 ! second1 & at ! palace ( ! ,cz> ,pet] 9 ! ?ird4 ,9 ! fir/1 ,pet]1 :o is work+ at ,wyborg1 disguis$ z a c>p5t]1 makes ! acqua9tance ( ,danil[itz1 a pa/ry-cook1 & ,ca?>9e1 a cant9i]e1 ^: bro!r ,george is ab\t to m>ry ,prascovia4 ,ca?>9e br+s ab\t ?is m>riage2 & n only t1 b saves ! little village f an invasion by a /roll+ horde ( ,t>t>s1 ^u ^: sup]/ition %e practises successfully1 & s conducts h]self 9 g5]al t ,pet] falls 9 love ) h]1 & !y are betro!d1 ?\gh %e is n aw>e ( ! real p]son :o is h] suitor4 ,mean:ile ! conscription takes place1 & to save h] newly w$d$ bro!r %e volunte]s = fifte5 days 9 8 place1 disguis+ h]self z a soldi]4 ,9 ! next act we f9d ,ca?>9e go+ h] r\nds z a s5t9el 9 ! ,russian camp on ! ,f9ni% fronti]4 ,pet] & ,danil[itz are also !re1 & are hav+ a roi/]+ "t 9 _! t5t1 dr9k+ & mak+ love to a c\ple ( girls4 ,he>+ ,pet]'s voice %e recognizes x1 & curiosity leads h] to peep into ! t5t4 ,%e is %ock$ at :at %e beholds1 neglects h] duty1 & is f\nd by ! corporal 9 ?is insubord9ate condition4 ,he remon/rates ) h]1 & %e answ]s ) a slap on 8 e>s1 = :i* %e incurs ! p5alties ( disob$i5ce to ord]s z well z insult+ behavior to h] sup]ior (fic]4 ,pet] at la/ is r\s$ f 8 drunk5ness by ! news ( an insurrection among 8 own soldi]s & ! approa* ( ! enemy4 ,he ru%es out & promises to give ,pet] into _! h&s if !y w obey & foll[ him4 ,at la/1 /ruck ) 8 be>+ & au?ority1 !y dem& to "k :o he is1 :]eupon he decl>es himself ! ,cz>4 ,! mut9y is at once quell$4 ,!y submit1 & (f] _! lives z w>rant = _! loyalty4 ,! la/ act op5s 9 ! ,cz>'s palace1 :]e 8 old companion1 ,danil[itz1 has be5 in/all$ 9 high favor4 ,ca?>9e1 h[ev]1 has disappe>$4 ,george & ,prascovia arrive f ,f9l&1 b !y "k no?+ ( h]4 ,! fai?ful ,danil[itz f9ds h]1 b %e has lo/ h] reason4 ,h] fri5ds try to re/ore x by surr\nd+ h] ) recollections ( home1 & ,pet] at la/ succe$s by play+ ^u 8 flute ! airs he us$ to play to h] 9 ,f9l&4 ,h] s5ses come back1 & ?us all ends happily2 = ,ca?>9e & ,pet] are at la/ unit$ amid ! acclamations ( ! p4 ,9 ! fir/ act ! "* ( ,pet] is well express$ 9 ! surly1 gr[l+ bass ( 8 soliloquy 7,v$ra1 v$ra74 ,x is foll[$ by a *>act]i/ic dr9k+-*orus 7,alla ,f9l&a1 beviam71 a wild1 b>b>ic rhy?m 9 ! m9or1 :i* passes into a pray] z !y invoke ! protection ( ,heav5 ^u ,*>les ,,xii4 ,9 ! eigh? sc5e occur ! c\plets ( ,gritz5sko z he s+s ! wild song ( ! ,kalmucks4 ,9 *>m+ contra/1 9 ! next sc5e1 ,ca?>9e s+s ! gypsy rondo1 :i* ,j5ny ,l9d made s fam\s 7,wla/la la santa71 :i* is *>act]iz$ by graceful coquetry2 & ?is 9 turn is foll[$ by a /rik+ duet betwe5 ,ca?>9e & ,pet]1 9 :i* ! individual *>act]i/ics ( ! two are br\ght out 9 g5u9e ,wagn]ian /yle4 ,9 ! ?irte5? sc5e occurs ! bridal song ( ,prascovia 7,al suono dell'ora71 ) *oral accompanim5t1 ( a delicate & coquetti% ca/1 lead+ up to ! f9ale1 beg9n+ ) ! soldi]s' *orus 7,onor *e a gloria71 ) an accompanim5t ( drums & fifes1 aga9 pass+ to a pa!tic pray] 7,veglia dal ciel su lor7 sung by ,ca?>9e amid ! r++ ( bells z ! bridal wrea? is plac$ ^u ,prascovia's head1 & clos+ ) a florid b>c>ole 7,vascel *e lasci7 z %e sails away4 ,! second act op5s ) ballet music1 full ( ,ea/]n color1 & !n ensues "o ( ^? *oral comb9ations1 l t 9 ! second act ( ! ,hugu5ots1 9 :i* ,mey]be] s mu* delight$1--a cavalry *orus 7,bel cavali] del cuor d'acci>71 foll[$ by ! ,gr5adi]'s song1 accompani$ by *orus 7,granadi] di ,russia esp]ti71 ! *orus tak+ up ! tr-r-r-um refra9 9 imitation ( ! drum4 ,9 ! eigh? sc5e we h ! orgy 9 ! t5t 9 ! =m ( a v spirit$ dramatic trio1 9 :i* ,pet] s+s a bli! dr9k+-song 7,v$i al p> del rub9o72 ?is 9 turn resolv+ into a qu9tet 7,vezzose viv&i]e71 & aga9 into a sextet1 z ,ismail(f ent]s ) a lett] = ! ,cz>4 ,! f9ale is a sup]b milit>y picture1 made up ( ! impos+ oa? ( dea? to ! tyrant1 ! /irr+ ,dessau] m>*1 ! cavalry fanf>e1 & ! ,gr5adi]s' m>*1 int]wov5 ) ! *orus ( wom5 z !y *e] on ! m>*+ soldi]s4 ,! ?ird act op5s ) a romanza 7,dal cor p] iscacci>e71 v t5d] & beautiful1 9 :i* ! rugg$ ,cz> %[s u ! s5tim5tal side ( 8 "*4 ,9 ! ?ird sc5e occurs a long buffo trio betwe5 ,pet]1 ,gritz5sko1 & ,danil[itz1 :i* is full ( humor4 ,9 ! f9ale we h ,ca?>9e 9 ! mad sc5e1 s++ ! sc5a1 ,l'aurora alf9 succ$e1 ) bits ( ! old music runn+ ?r\gh ! accompanim5t2 & 9 ! f9al sc5e1 z h] reason returns1 break+ out 9 ! florid bravura1 ,non s'ode alcun1 accompani$ by ! fir/ & second flutes1 :i* is a triumph ( virtuosity = ! voice4 ,?is numb] 0 tak5 f ,! ,camp 9 ,silesia1 & 0 giv5 by ,j5ny ,l9d ) imm5se success1 n only 9 ! latt] "w1 b ^u ! conc]t /age4 ,! op]a z a :ole ab\nds 9 humor1 its music is fre% & brilliant1 & its milit>y "* makes x specially attractive4 ,,rob]t ,,! ,,devil ,rob]t le ,diable1 a gr& op]a 9 five acts1 words by ,scribe & ,delavigne1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,academie1 ,p>is1 ,nov4 #ba1 #ahca1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,alice ,mlle4 ,,dorus4 ,,isabelle ,mme4 ,,c9ti-,,damoreau4 ,,! ,,abbess ,sigr4 ,,taglioni4 ,,rob]t ,m4 ,,n\rrit4 ,,b]tram ,m4 ,,levasseur4 ,,raimbaut ,m4 ,,lafont4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> two v]sions 9 ,engli%1 bo? ( !m imp]fect1 7 br\ght out by ! rival !atres1 ,cov5t ,g>d5 & ,drury ,lane4 ,on ! #bj? ( ,febru>y x appe>$ at ,drury ,lane "u ! title ( ,! ,demon2 or1 ! ,my/ic ,bran*1 & at ,cov5t ,g>d5 ! next ev5+ z ,! ,fi5d ,fa!r1 or ,rob]t ,norm&y4 ,drury ,lane _h tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! />t ( its rival1 b 9 nei!r case 7 ! repres5tations any?+ b poor imitations ( ! orig9al4 ,on ! #aa? ( ! foll[+ ,june ! ,fr5* v]sion 0 produc$ at ! ,k+'s ,!atre1 ,london1 ) ! same ca/ z 9 ,p>is1 except t ! "p ( ,alice 0 tak5 by ,mme4 ,de ,m]ic1 & t ( ! ,abbess by ! danseuse ,mlle4 ,heb]le4 ,on ! #d? ( ,may1 #ahdg1 ! fir/ ,italian v]sion 0 produc$ at ,h] ,maje/y's ,!atre1 ) ,j5ny ,l9d & ,/audigl 9 ! ca/4 ,gruneis51 ! au?or ( a brief memoir ( ,mey]be]1 :o 0 pres5t1 says3 ,! night 0 r5d]$ memorable1 n only by ! massacre att5d+ ! g5]al execution1 b also by ! debut ( ,mlle4 ,l9d 9 ?is c\ntry1 :o appe>$ z ,alice4 ,) ! exception ( ! debutante1 su* a disgraceful exhibition 0 nev] be=e witness$ on ! op]atic /age4 ,m5delssohn 0 sitt+ 9 ! /alls1 & at ! end ( ! ?ird act1 unable to be> any long] ! executive infliction1 he left ! !atre4 ,! libretto ( ,rob]t ! ,devil is absurd 9 its conceptions & s5sational 9 its treatm5t ( ! /ory1 not)/&+ t x came f su* fam\s dramati/s z ,scribe & ,delavigne2 & x w\ld h be5 /ill worse _h x n be5 = ,mey]be]4 ,scribe1 x is said1 wi%$ to introduce a bevy ( sea-nymphs1 c>ry+ gold5 o>s1 z ! tempt]s ( ,rob]t2 b ! compos] w\ld n h !m1 & insi/$ ^u ! fam\s sc5e ( ! nuns1 z x n[ /&s1 ?\gh ^! 7 aft]w>ds made ! butt ( almo/ endless ridicule4 ,m5delssohn himself1 :o 0 9 ,p>is at ?is "t1 writes3 ,i _c imag9e h[ any music c\ld be compos$ on su* a cold1 =mal extravaganza z ?is4 ,! /ory runs z foll[s3 ,! sc5e is laid 9 ,sicily1 :]e ,rob]t1 ,duke ( ,norm&y1 :o by 8 d>+ & gallantries _h e>n$ ! sobriquet ( ! ,devil1 bani%$ by 8 own subjects1 has arriv$ to att5d a t\rnam5t giv5 by ! ,duke ( ,mess9a4 ,9 ! op5+ sc5e1 :ile he is c>\s+ ) 8 knights1 ! m9/rel ,raimbaut s+s a song descriptive ( ! misde$s ( ,rob]t4 ,! latt] is ab\t to rev5ge himself on ! m9/rel1 :5 ,alice1 8 fo/]-si/] & ! betro!d ( ,raimbaut1 appe>s & pleads ) him to give up 8 wick$ c\rses1 & resi/ ! _s ( evil :i* is /riv+ to get ! ma/]y ( him4 ,rob]t !n confides to ,alice 8 hopeless passion = ,isabella1 daught] ( ! ,duke4 ,:ile !y are conv]s+1 ,b]tram1 ! unkn[n1 ent]s1 & ,alice %r9ks back affright$1 fancy+ %e sees 9 him ! evil _s :o is lur+ ,rob]t on to ru94 ,aft] %e leaves1 ,b]tram entices him to ! gam+-table1 f :i* he rises a begg>1--& worse ?an ?is1 he /ill fur!r prejudices 8 cause ) ,isabella by fail+ to att5d ! t\rnam5t1 ?us =feit+ 8 knightly honor4 ,! second act op5s ^u an orgy ( ! evil spirits 9 ! cav]n ( ,/4 ,ir5e4 ,b]tram is pres5t1 & makes a compact ) !m to loose ,rob]t f 8 influ5ce if he does n yield to 8 desires at once4 ,alice1 :o has an appo9tm5t ) ! m9/rel 9 ! cav]n1 ov]he>s ! compact1 & det]m9es to save him4 ,rob]t soon appe>s1 m\rn+ ov] 8 losses & di%onor2 b ,b]tram promises to re/ore ev]y?+ if he w visit ! ru9$ ,abbey ( ,/4 ,rosalie1 & c>ry away a my/ic bran* :i* has ! p[] ( conf]r+ weal?1 happ9ess1 & immortality4 ,he cons5ts2 & 9 ! next sc5e ,b]tram pron\nces ! incantation :i* calls up ! buri$ nuns4 ,daz$ ) _! gho/ly fasc9ations1 ,rob]t seizes ! bran* & flies4 ,8 fir/ use ( x is to ent] ! ap>tm5ts ( ,isabella1 unse5 by h] or h] att5dants1 all ( :om become immovable 9 ! pres5ce ( ! my/ic talisman4 ,he decl>es 8 int5tion ( c>ry+ h] away2 b mov$ by h] entreaties he breaks ! bran*1 :i* de/roys ! *>m4 ,9 ! la/ act ,b]tram is at 8 side aga91 try+ to induce him to sign ! fatal compact4 ,! /ra9s ( sacr$ music :i* he he>s1 & ! recollections ( 8 "m1 re/ra9 him4 ,9 desp]ation ,b]tram ann\nces himself z 8 fi5d-fa!r4 ,he is ab\t to yield1 :5 ,alice appe>s & reads to him 8 "m's w>n+ aga9/ ! fi5d's temptation4 ,z he /ill hesitates1 ! clock /rikes1 & ! spell is ov]4 ,b]tram disappe>s1 & ! sc5e *anges to ! ca!dral1 :]e ,isabella 9 h] w$d+ robes awaits ! sav$ ,rob]t4 ,f ! musical po9t ( view ,rob]t le ,diable is int]e/+1 z x m>ks ! beg9n+ ( a new s*ool ( gr& op]a4 ,) ?is "w1 ,mey]be] ab&on$ ! s*ool ( ,ross9i & took an indep5d5t c\rse4 ,he cut loose f ! conv5tional classic =ms & gave ! _w dramatic music1 melodies ( extraord9>y dramatic =ce1 brilliant or*e/ration1 /ately pageants1 & !atrical effects4 ,rob]t le ,diable 0 ! fir/ ( ! subsequ5t great works f 8 p5 :i* /ill fur!r emphasiz$ 8 new & indep5d5t dep>ture4 ,x is only necess>y to call att5tion to a few prom95t numb]s1 = ?is op]a has n z _m in/ances ( ^! *>act]i/ics z ^? :i* foll[$ & :i* are else:]e describ$4 ,! fir/ act conta9s ! op5+ bac*analian *orus 7,v]siamo a tazza pl5a71 :i* is v brilliant 9 "*2 ! m9/rel's song 9 ! same sc5e 7,regnava un tempo 9 ,norm&ia71 ) *oral accompanim5t2 & a v t5d] aria = ,alice 7,vanne1 disse1 al figlio mio71 9 :i* %e deliv]s 8 "m's message to ,rob]t4 ,! second act op5s ) a spirit$ duet betwe5 ,b]tram & ,raimbaut1 lead+ up to a p[]ful & *>act]i/ic *orus ( ! evil spirits 7,demoni fatali74 ,an aria = ,alice 7,nel lasci> 9 ,norm&ia71 a duet betwe5 ,b]tram & ,alice 7,trionfo bramato71 & an int5sely dramatic trio betwe5 ,b]tram1 ,alice1 & ,rob]t 7,lo sgu>do immobile71 prep>e ! way = ! great sc5a ( ! nuns1 kn[n z ,la ,temptation1 9 :i* ,mey]be] illu/rates ! fanta/ic & (t5times ludicr\s sc5e ) music :i* is ! v ess5ce ( diabolism1 & 9 its way z unique z ! incantation music 9 ,d] ,freis*utz4 ,! ?ird act conta9s two great arias4 ,! fir/ 7,invano il fato71 sung at ! op5+ ( ! act by ,isabella1 & ! second ! _w-fam\s aria ,rob]to1 o tu *e adoro1 bett] kn[n by ! ,fr5* words 7,rob]t6 toi que j'aime74 ,! clos+ act is specially rem>kable = ! great t]zetto 9 its f9ale1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ effective numb]s ,mey]be] has writt54 ,! judgm5t ( ,hanslick1 ! great ,vi5nese critic1 ^u ?is "w is int]e/+ 9 ?is connection4 ,he comp>es x ) ,william ,tell & ,masaniello1 & f9ds t 9 musical ri*ness & bl5d$ effects x is sup]ior to ei!r1 b t a s+le act ( ei!r ( ! works m5tion$ conta9s m arti/ic tru? & ideal =m ?an ,rob]t le ,diable1--a judgm5t :i* is l>gely bas$ ^u ! libretto itself1 :i* he condemns )\t /9t4 ,,d9orah ,d9orah1 an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 f\nd$ ^u a ,breton idyl1 words by ,b>bi]e & ,c>re1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,op]a ,comique1 ,p>is1 ,april #d1 #ahei1 "u ! title ( ,le ,p>don de ,plo]mel4 ,x conta9s b ?ree pr9cipal *>act]s1 & ^! 7 ca/ z foll[s3 ,d9orah1 ,mme4 ,cabel2 ,cor5t91 ,m4 ,sa9te-,foy2 & ,hoeel1 ,m4 ,faure4 ,on ! #bf? ( ,july1 #ahei1 ,mey]be] conduct$ ! "w himself at ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,london1 ) ,mme4 ,miolan-,c>valho z ,d9orah1 & x 0 also produc$ 9 ! same ye> 9 ,engli% by ! ,pyne-,h>rison tr\pe4 ,! fir/ repres5tative ( ,d9orah 9 ?is c\ntry 0 ,mlle4 ,cordi]4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,brittany1 & :5 ! fir/ act op5s1 ! foll[+ ev5ts are suppos$ to h transpir$4 ,on "o ( ! days set ap>t by ! villag]s ( ,plo]mel = a pilgrimage to ! %r9e ( ! ,virg91 ,hoeel1 ! goa!rd1 & ,d9orah1 8 affianc$1 set out to receive a nuptial b5$iction4 ,! fe/ivity is int]rupt$ by a ?und]-/orm1 dur+ :i* ,les ,h]bi]s1 ! dwell+-place ( ,d9orah1 is de/roy$ by lightn+4 ,d9orah is 9 despair4 ,hoeel det]m9es to make good ! loss1 & ^u ! advice ( ,tonick1 an old wiz>d1 resolves to g 9 que/ ( a treasure :i* is "u ! c>e ( ! ,korigans1 a sup]natural folk belong+ to ,brittany4 ,9 ord] to wre/ x f !m1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y = ,hoeel to quit ! c\ntry & sp5d a ye> 9 solitude 9 a desolate region4 ,he bravely />ts (f1 & ,d9orah1 ?9k+ he has ab&on$ h]1 loses h] wits1 & con/antly w&]s ab\t ! woods ) h] goat1 seek+ him4 ,mean:ile ! ye> expires & ,hoeel returns1 conv9c$ t he has ! secret = secur+ ! treasure4 ,! ov]ture to ! "w is unique among op]atic ov]tures1 z x has a *orus beh9d ! curta9 int]wov5 ) x4 ,x is a picture ( ! op]a itself1 & conta9s a w-o'-!-wisp passage1 a ru/ic song ) accompanim5t ( goat-bells1 a /orm1 & 9 ! mid/ ( ! /orm a *ant to ! ,virg91 sung by ! unse5 *orus1 & !n a ,pilgrimage m>*1 ! :ole be+ 9 ! nature ( a retrospect4 ,! curta9 rises ^u a ru/ic *orus1 aft] :i* ,d9orah appe>s1 seek+ h] goat1 & s+s a slumb]-song 7,si1 c>9a1 caprett9a7 :i* is v graceful1 & concludes ) phrases 9 imitation ( birds4 ,9 ! next sc5e1 ,cor5t91 ! bagpip]1 :o has be5 away ?ree mon?s1 & is ne>ly dead ) t]ror ( gobl9s & fairies1 returns to 8 cottage1 & to reassure himself s+s a v qua9t & orig9al song 7,/o 9 casa alf9e71 to ! accompanim5t ( 8 pipe4 ,d9orah sudd5ly appe>s & ent]s ! cottage1 & mu* to 8 al>m keeps him play+ & s++1 :i* leads to a v animat$ vocal conte/ betwe5 h] & ! bagpip]4 ,x is abruptly t]m9at$1 h[ev]1 by ! arrival ( ,hoeel4 ,d9orah makes h] escape by a w9d[1 & ,hoeel relates to ,cor5t9 ! /ory ( ! ,korigans' treasure4 ,z ! fir/ p]son :o t\*es x w die1 he det]m9es t ,cor5t9 %all be 8 mess5g]1 & to r\se 8 c\rage s5ds = w9e4 ,:ile ,cor5t9 is abs5t1 ,hoeel s+s an aria 7,se p] pr5d]7 :i* has always be5 a favorite ) b>ytones4 ,aft] ,cor5t9 returns1 ! t9kl+ ( ! goat's bell is he>d4 ,d9orah appe>s 9 ! di/ance1 & a *>m+ trio closes ! act1 to ! accompanim5t ( ! :i/l+ w9d & boom+ ?und] on ! contra basses & drums ( ! or*e/ra4 ,! second act op5s ) a dr9k+-song by wood-cutt]s1 & z !y )draw1 ,d9orah ent]s1 seek+ ,hoeel4 ,%e s+s a t5d] lam5t1 :i*1 z ! moonlight falls ab\t h]1 develops into ! fam\s ,%ad[ ,song1 a polka mazurka1 :i* %e s+s & dances to h] %ad[4 ,! aria1 ,ombra leggi]1 is fairly lavi% 9 its texture ( vocal embroid]y1 & has always be5 a favorite numb] on ! conc]t /age4 ,! next sc5e *anges to ! ,val ,maudit 7! ,curs$ ,vale71 a rocky1 cav]n\s spot1 ?r\gh :i* ru%es a rag+ torr5t bridg$ by a fall5 tree4 ,hoeel & ,cor5t9 appe> 9 que/ ( ! treasure1 & ! latt] gives expression to 8 t]ror 9 a v *>act]i/ic mann]1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! or*e/ra4 ,d9orah is he>d s++ ! leg5d ( ! treasure 7,*i primo al tesor71 f :i* ,cor5t9 le>ns t :oev] t\*es x fir/ w die4 ,he refuses to g on1 & a spirit$ duet ensues betwe5 !m1 :i* is int]rupt$ by ! entrance ( ,d9orah & h] goat4 ,hoeel1 fancy+ x is a _s s5t to keep him back1 s+s a v beautiful aria 7,le cr$e il padre74 ,! act closes ) ! fall ( ,d9orah1 :o attempts to cross ! bridge1 into ! torr5t1 & h] rescue by ,hoeel1 to ! accompanim5t ( a /orm set to music4 ,! sc5e1 ?\gh melodramatic1 is v /rong 9 its musical effects4 ,! la/ act op5s ) a sc5e 9 /rik+ contra/1 introduc$ ) a qu9tet ( horns1 foll[$ by a hunt]'s solo1 a reap]'s solo1 a duet = %eph]ds2 & a qu>tet 9 ! f9ale4 ,hoeel arrives1 be>+ ! rescu$ ,d9orah1 & s+s to h] an exquisite romance 7,sei v5dicata assai74 ,! magic ( 8 s++ & h] ba? 9 ! torr5t re/ore h] w&]+ s5ses4 ,hoeel p]suades h] t all :i* has transpir$ has be5 a dream4 ,! old song ( ! ,p>don ( ,plo]mel comes to h]1 & z %e tries to recall x ! *orus takes x up 7,santa ,m>ia6 no/ra donna7 z x 0 he>d 9 ! ov]ture4 ,a procession is se5 9 ! di/ance1 & amid "s exquisite pageant music ,hoeel & ,d9orah w5d _! way to ! *apel1 :]e ! nuptial rites are suppos$ to be p]=m$4 ,,! ,,prophet4 ,le ,prophete1 an op]a 9 five acts1 words by ,scribe1 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,p>is1 ,april #af1 #ahdi1 ) ,mme4 ,vi>dot-,g>cia z ,fides1 & ,m4 ,rog] z ,john ( ,leyd54 ,! ,prophet 0 long & c>efully elaborat$ by its compos]4 ,?irte5 ye>s int]v5$ betwe5 x & its pr$ecessor1 ,! ,hugu5ots2 b 9 spite ( its elaboration x c only be said to excel ! latt] 9 pageantry & spectacul> effect1 :ile its musical text is m declamatory ?an melodi\s1 z comp>$ ) ,! ,hugu5ots4 ,9 ?is s5se x 0 disappo9t+ :5 fir/ produc$4 ,! p]iod ( ! op]a is #aecd4 ,! fir/ act transpires 9 ,dordre*t & ,leyd51 9 ,holl&1 & ! o!r ?ree 9 ,mun/]1 ,g]many4 ,! text closely foll[s ! hi/orical n>rative ( ! p]iod :5 ,mun/] 0 occupi$ by ,john ( ,leyd5 & 8 fanatics1 :o1 aft] he _h be5 cr[n$ by !m z ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 0 driv5 out by ! bi%op ( ! diocese4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 ! suburbs ( ,dordre*t1 ne> ! ,meuse1 ) ! *ateau ( ,c\nt ,ob]?al1 "l ( ! doma91 9 ! di/ance4 ,aft] a v fre% & vigor\s *orus ( peasants1 ,b]?a1 a vassal ( ! ,c\nt1 betro!d to ,john ( ,leyd51 ent]s & s+s a cavat9a 7,il cor nel s5to71 9 :i* %e gives expression to emotions ( delight at h] approa*+ union4 ,z %e _c g to ,leyd51 :]e ! m>riage is to take place1 )\t ! ,c\nt's cons5t1 ,fides1 ! "m ( ,john1 jo9s h] to make ! reque/4 ,9 ! mean "t ! ?ree ,anabapti/s1 ,zac>ie1 ,gione1 & ,ma?is51 lead]s ( ! revolt 9 ,we/phalia1 arrive on _! mission ( rais+ an insurrection 9 ,holl&1 & 9 a sombre trio ( a religi\s b /irr+ "* 7,o lib]tade7 incite ! peasants to rise aga9/ _! rul]s4 ,!y make an assault ^u ! ca/le ( ,c\nt ,ob]?al1 :o spe$ily repels !m1 & turns ! tide ( popul> feel+ aga9/ ! ,anabapti/s1 by recogniz+ ,gione z a =m] s]vant :o _h be5 dis*>g$ f 8 s]vice = di%one/y4 ,fides & ,b]?a !n jo9 9 a romanza 7,della mora un giorno71 implor+ 8 p]mission = ! m>riage ( ,b]?a & ,john4 ,! ,c\nt1 h[ev]1 /ruck ) h] beauty1 n only refuses1 b claims h] = himself1 & seizes bo? h] & ,fides1 & ! act closes ) a repetition ( ! w>n+ *ant ( ! ,anabapti/s4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! ho/elry ( ,john ( ,leyd51 & is introduc$ ) a waltz & dr9k+-*orus1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! ,anabapti/s arrive & are /ruck ) 8 resemblance to a portrait ( ,david 9 ! ,mun/] ,ca!dral4 ,f a v descriptive & highly wr\ght sc5a 7,sotto le va/i arcati7 sung by him !y also le>n t he is giv5 to visions & religi\s m$itations4 ,!y assure him t he %all be a rul]2 b 9 a beautiful romanza 7,un imp]o piu soave7 he replies t 8 love = ,b]?a is 8 only sov]eignty4 ,j z !y dep>t1 ,b]?a1 :o has escap$1 ru%es 9 & claims 8 protection4 ,he conceals h]2 b has h>dly done s :5 ! ,c\nt ent]s ) 8 soldi]s1 br++ ,fides z a prison]1 & ?reat5s to kill h] unless ,b]?a is giv5 up4 ,he hesitates2 b at la/1 to save 8 "m's life1 deliv]s ,b]?a to h] pursu]s4 ,"m & son are left alone1 & %e seeks to console him4 ,9 ?is sc5e occurs "o ( ! mo/ dramatic & int5se ( ,mey]be]'s arias 7,o figlio mio1 *e diro71 kn[n m popul>ly by its ,fr5* words1 beg9n+1 ,ah6 mon fils4 ,x has enjoy$ a _w-wide popul>ity1 & /ill holds its place 9 all its orig9al fre%ness & vigor4 ,fides h>dly disappe>s be=e ! om9\s *ant ( ! ,anabapti/s is he>d aga94 ,he does n ne$ mu* p]suasion n[4 ,!y make _! compact 9 a qu>tet ( magnific5t p[]1 :i* closes ! act2 & "s ( ,john's g>m5ts are left beh9d /a9$ ) blood1 t 8 "m may believe he has be5 kill$4 ,! ?ird act op5s 9 ! ,anabapti/s' camp 9 a ,we/phalian =e/1 a froz5 lake ne> !m1 & ,mun/]1 :i* !y are besieg+1 9 ! di/ance4 ,9 ! second sc5e ,zac>ie s+s a /irr+ pasan ( victory 7,9 coppia son71 foll[$ by ! beautiful ballet music ( ! skat]s z !y come br++ provisions to ! troops4 ,c\nt ,ob]?al mean:ile has be5 tak5 prison] & br\ght into camp4 ,a buffo trio betwe5 himself & 8 captors foll[s1 9 :i* ,gione p5etrates 8 disguise & recognizes him4 ,!y are ab\t to fall ^u him2 b ,john1 le>n+ f him t ,b]?a is /ill alive & 9 ,mun/]1 saves 8 life4 ,he imm$iately resolves to take ! place by assault1 r\ses 8 foll[]s ) religi\s *ants ( a m>tial "*1 & ! act concludes ) ! m>* on ! city4 ,! f\r? act op5s 9 ! city itself aft] its capture4 ,a m5dicant appe>s 9 ! public squ>e begg+ = bread4 ,x is ,fides2 & 9 a pla9tively declamatory aria ( /rik+ p[] 7,pieta6 pieta67 %e implores alms4 ,%e meets ) ,b]?a disguis$ z a pilgrim1 & b5t ^u ! de/ruction ( ! ,prophet1 :o1 %e believes1 has be5 ! cause ( ,john's dea?4 ,! next sc5e op5s 9 ! ca!dral1 :]e ! coronation ( ! ,prophet is to take place2 & among all ,mey]be]'s pageants none are m impos+ ?an ?is1 ) its accompanim5t ( peal+ bells1 religi\s *ants1 ! /ra9s ( ! organ1 & ! /ately rhy?ms ( ! great ,coronation ,m>*4 ,x is a spl5did prelude to ! dramatic sc5e :i* foll[s4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! gorge\s spectacle1 ! voice ( ,fides is he>d claim+ ! ,prophet z h] son4 ,john boldly disav[s h]1 & tells 8 foll[]s to kill him if %e does n confirm ! disav[al4 ,! feel+s ( ! "m pr$om9ate1 & %e decl>es t %e is mi/ak54 ,! multitude proclaim x a miracle1 & ,fides is remov$ z a prison]4 ,! dramatic situation 9 ?is f9ale is "o ( great /r5g?1 & its musical treatm5t has h>dly be5 excell$4 ,! la/ act op5s ) a trio by ! ,anabapti/ lead]s1 :o1 le>n+ t ! enemy is approa*+ 9 =ce1 det]m9e to save !mselves by betray+ ,john4 ,9 ! ?ird sc5e ,fides 9 prison1 le>n+ t ,john is com+ to see h]1 invokes ! puni%m5t ( ,heav5 ^u him 9 ! passionate aria1 ,spirto sup]no4 ,a duet 7,tu *e del cielo7 ( great p[] foll[s1 9 :i* ,fides conv9ces him ( ! errors ( 8 c\rse4 ,z !y are ab\t to leave1 ,b]?a ent]s1 b5t ^u ! de/ruction ( ! palace1 & 9 ! trio :i* ensues le>ns t ,john & ! ,prophet are "o4 ,%e /abs h]self1 & dy+ 9 ! arms ( ,fides curses him4 ,! la/ sc5e op5s 9 a banquet+-hall ( ! palace1 :]e ,john is revell+1 ) ! ,anabapti/s ar\nd him4 ,he s+s a bac*analian song ( a wild description 7,beviam e intorno71 &1 z x closes1 ! ,bi%op ( ,mun/]1 ! ,elector1 ,c\nt ,ob]?al1 & ! ?ree ,anabapti/s :o h betray$ him1 ent] ! ap>tm5t4 ,! rev5ge :i* ,john has plann$ is n[ consummat$4 ,an explosion is he>d4 ,flames break out on all sides4 ,fides ru%es 9 & =gives h] son1 & ! ,prophet1 8 "m1 & 8 enemies p]i% toge!r4 ,al?\gh ,! ,prophet did n meet ) ! popul>ity ( "s ( 8 o!r op]as1 x conta9s "s ( ! mo/ vigor\s & dramatic music ,mey]be] has writt51--notably ! arias ( ,zac>ie & ,fides1 ! skat+-ballet1 ! ,coronation ,m>*1 & ! dr9k+-song4 ,z a pageant1 ,! ,prophet has nev] be5 surpass$4 ,,! ,,african4 ,l',africa9e1 a gr& op]a 9 five acts1 words by ,scribe1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,academie1 ,p>is1 ,april #bh1 #ahfe1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,selika ,mme4 ,,m>ie ,,saxe4 ,,inez ,mlle4 ,,m>ie ,,batteo4 ,,vasco ,,di ,,gama ,m4 ,,naud94 ,,nelusko ,m4 ,,faure4 ,,don ,,p$ro ,m4 ,,belval4 ,,high ,,prie/ ,m4 ,,ob94 ,! libretto ( ! op]a 0 fir/ giv5 to ,mey]be] by ,scribe 9 #ahch2 b su* 7 ! alt]ations dem&$ by ! compos]1 t at la/ ,scribe )drew x altoge!r1 al?\gh ! music 0 already set4 ,9 #aheb he furni%$ a revis$ libretto1 & ! music 0 revis$ to suit x4 ,! "w 0 n f9i%$ until #ahfj1 & ow+ to ! difficulty ( fill+ ! ca/ satisfactorily1 0 n br\ght to rehe>sal until ! fall ( #ahfc4 ,:ile /ill correct+ & improv+ x1 ,mey]be] di$1 & x 0 n produc$ until two ye>s lat]4 ,%ortly aft] ! ,p>is p]=mance x 0 br\ght out 9 ,london1 ) ,mlle4 ,lucca 9 ! "p ( ,selika4 ,mme4 ,zuc*i 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ repres5tatives ( ! slave 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,portugal & ,africa1 & ! fir/ act op5s 9 ! c\ncil *amb] ( ! k+ ( ! =m] c\ntry4 ,inez1 8 daught]1 is m\rn+ ! long abs5ce ( h] betro!d1 ,vasco di ,gama ! explor]4 ,h] fa!r1 wi%+ to m>ry h] to ,don ,p$ro1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,c\ncil1 tries to p]suade h] t ,vasco has p]i%$ by %ipwreck2 b ! refutation ( ! /ory comes 9 ! sudd5 appe>ance ( ,vasco himself1 :o is summon$ be=e ! ,c\ncil & n>rates to !m 8 discov]y ( a /range l&1 produc+ two ( ! natives1 ,selika & ,nelusko1 z confirmations ( 8 ann\ncem5t4 ,don ,p$ro incites ! inquisitors to d5y ! tru? ( ! /ory1 at :i* ,vasco breaks out 9 su* a furi\s rage aga9/ !m t he is arre/$ & ?r[n into a dungeon4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! prison1 :]e ,selika is wat*+ ! slumb]+ ,vasco4 ,z he wak5s %e decl>es h] love = him1 & at ! same "t saves him f ! dagg] ( ! jeal\s ,nelusko4 ,%e also indicates to him ! c\rse he %\ld h tak5 to discov] ! isl& ( :i* he is 9 que/4 ,to save h] lov]1 ,inez cons5ts to w$ ,don ,p$ro2 & ! latt]1 to *eat ,vasco ( 8 fame1 takes comm& ( ! exp$ition "u ! pilotage ( ,nelusko1 & sets sail = ! new l&4 ,! ,indian1 ?ir/+ = v5geance1 directs ! vessel out ( h] c\rse t[>ds a reef2 b ,vasco1 :o has foll[$ 9 ano!r vessel1 arrives 9 "t to w>n ,don ,p$ro ( 8 dang]4 ,he disreg>ds ! w>n+1 di/ru/s 8 motives1 & ord]s him to be %ot2 b be=e ! s5t5ce c be c>ri$ out1 ! vessel /rikes & is bo>d$ by ! savages1 :o slaught] ! comm&] & mo/ ( 8 m54 ,! f\r? act op5s on ! isl& :i* ,selika po9t$ out on ! map1 & ( :i* %e is que54 ,to save him f h] subjects1 %e decl>es h]self 8 sp\se2 b z ! m>riage rite is ab\t to be celebrat$1 ,vasco he>s ! voice ( ,inez 9 ! di/ance1 des]ts ,selika1 & flies to h]4 ,9 ! la/ act1 z ! vessel sails away be>+ ,vasco & ,inez back to ,portugal1 ,selika ?r[s h]self d[n "u ! poison\s man*9eel-tree & kills h]self ) its fatal fl[]s2 expir+ 9 ! arms ( ,nelusko1 :o %>es ! same fate4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a v sweet b sombre ballad sung by ,inez 7,del ,tago sponde addio71 :i* recalls ! ,engli% song1 ,isle ( ,beauty1 f>e !e well1 & is foll[$ by a bold & fl[+ t]zetto4 ,! ?ird sc5e op5s ) a noble & /ately *orus 7,tu *e la t]ra adora7 sung by ! basses 9 unison1 op5+ ! ,c\ncil be=e :i* ,vasco appe>s2 & ! act closes ) an ana!ma hurl$ at him 7,ribelle1 insol5te71--a spl5did ensemble1 pron\nc$ 9 its rhy?m & maje/ic 9 ! sweep ( its passionate music4 ,! second act op5s ) ! qua9t slumb]-song 7,9 grembo a me7 :i* ,selika s+s to ,vasco 9 prison4 ,x is ori5tal 9 color1 & is brok5 "h & !re by a b>c>ole :i* ,vasco murmurs 9 8 sleep4 ,9 /rik+ contra/ ) its dreamy1 quiet fl[1 x leads up to a passionate aria 7,tranquillo e gia7 bas$ ^u a /rong & fi]y motive4 ,9 ! next sc5e foll[s an aria ( equal vigor sung by ,nelusko 7,figlia dei ,re71 9 :i* 8 devotion to ,selika *ang+ to 8 hatr$ ( ,vasco is *>act]iz$ by a gr& cresc5do4 ,! act closes ) a vigor\s sextet1 ! motive ( :i* is /rangely simil> to ! old song1 ,! ,m9/rel ,boy4 ,! ?ird act conta9s a v impressive numb]1 ,nelusko's invocation ( ,adama/or 7,adama/or1 re dell' onde pr(ondo71 b is ma9ly devot$ to ! %ip sc5e1 :i*1 ?\gh grotesque f ! dramatic po9t ( view1 is accompani$ by music ( a p[]ful & reali/ic description1 writt5 ) all ! vividness & =ce ,mey]be] always displays 9 8 melodramatic ensembles4 ,! f\r? act conta9s ! mo/ beautiful music ( ! op]a1--,vasco's op5+ aria1 ,o ,p>adiso1 an exquisite melody set to an equally exquisite accompanim5t2 ! ensemble 9 ! f\r? sc5e1 9 :i* ,selika protects ,vasco & ,nelusko swe>s v5geance 7,al mio p5> de f9e72 ! gr& duet betwe5 ,vasco & ,selika 7,dove son71 :i* has (t5 be5 comp>$ to ! duet 9 ! f\r? act ( ,! ,hugu5ots1 ?\gh x has n ! passionate int5sity ( ! sc5e betwe5 ,ra\l & ,val5t92 & ! graceful *oruses ( ! ,indian maid5s & ,inez's att5dants :i* close ! act4 ,! la/ act conta9s two sc5es1--! fir/ 9 ,selika's g>d5s1 :]e !re is a long & spirit$ duet betwe5 ,inez & ,selika4 ,! second1 kn[n z ,la ,sc5e du ,manc5illi]1 has a symphonic prelude 9 ! =m ( a fun]al m>*1 bas$ ^u a fasc9at+ melody1 :i* is beyond "q ! f9e/ ( ,mey]be]'s or*e/ral numb]s 9 any ( 8 works4 ,f ?is po9t ! /ory ha/5s to its tragic d5\em5t2 & ne>ly ! entire sc5e is occupi$ ) ,selika's dy+ song1 :i* op5s ) a maje/ic apo/rophe to ! sea 7,da qui io v$o il m>71 !n turns to sadness z %e s+s to ! fatal tree 7,o tempio sontuoso71 & at ! close develops into a passionate outcry ( joy 7,o d\ce extase74 ,?\gh ! plot ( ,l',africa9e is (t5 absurd1 _m ( its incid5ts prepo/]\s1 & "s ( its *>act]s unattractive1 ! op]a is full ( effective situations1 & repeat$ly illu/rates ,mey]be]'s p[]s ( realization & 8 k ( effects4 ,,moz>t4 ,johann ,*ryso/omus ,wolfgang ,amadeus ,moz>t 0 born at ,salzburg1 ,jan4 #bg1 #agef4 ,) ?is wond]ful *ild music 0 a div9e gift1 = 8 fir/ "w1 a m9uet & trio = piano1 0 writt5 9 8 fif? ye>4 ,he began to /udy ) 8 fa!r :5 b ?ree ye>s ( age1 & at once gave signs ( extraord9>y promise4 ,8 si/] 0 also v tal5t$2 & 9 #agfb ! fa!r det]m9$ to travel ) 8 prodigies4 ,!y 7 abs5t a ye>1 ! mo/ ( t "t be+ sp5t at ,muni*1 ,vi5na1 & ,presburg1 :]e !y creat$ a furor by _! p]=mances4 ,a long] j\rney 0 !n resolv$ ^u4 ,! pr9cipal ,g]man cities1 ,brussels1 ,p>is1 ,london1 ! ,hague1 ,am/]dam1 & ! l>g] t[ns ( ,switz]l& 7 visit$ 9 succession1 & ev]y:]e ! *ildr5 7 greet$ ) en?usiasm1 p>ticul>ly :5 !y play$ be=e ! ,fr5* & ,engli% c\rts4 ,!y return$ to ,salzburg 9 #agff1 already fam\s all ov] ,europe2 & dur+ ! next two ye>s ,moz>t compos$ _m m9or works4 ,9 #agfh he 0 aga9 9 ,vi5na1 :]e he produc$ 8 little op]etta1 ,ba/i5 und ,ba/i5ne1 & 9 ! same ye> ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,salzburg made him 8 conc]tmei/]4 ,! next ye> he w5t to ,italy1 :]e he bo? /udi$ & compos$1 & 0 receiv$ ) extraord9>y honors4 ,9 #agga he br\ght out 8 op]a1 ,mitridate1 ,re di ,ponto1 at ,milan1 ) great success4 ,! next ye> he produc$ ,lucio ,silla1 also 9 ,milan1 & dur+ ! next f\r ye>s compos$ a great numb] ( symphonies & o!r in/rum5tal works4 ,! mass ( music :i* he compos$ up to 8 tw5ty-fir/ ye> is simply bewild]+4 ,9 #agha he br\ght out ,idom5eo at ,muni*1 :i* left no d\bt z to 8 position z a dramatic compos]4 ,9 #aghb 8 ,entfuhrung aus dem ,s]ail 0 produc$ at ,vi5na by ! ,emp]or's comm&4 ,8 next great op]a 0 ,le ,nozze di ,fig>o1 :i* 0 p]=m$ 9 #aghf1 & made all ,vi5na g wild4 ,don ,giovanni foll[$ x ! next ye>1 & 0 receiv$ ) equal en?usiasm4 ,9 #aghi he compos$ ! fam\s ,requiem2 & ! same ye> ! ,zaub]floete1 8 la/ great op]a1 appe>$1 & made a success ev5 great] ?an its two great pr$ecessors4 ,two ye>s lat]1 ,dec4 #e1 #agia1 ,moz>t di$ 9 pov]ty1 & amid ! sadde/ ( surr\nd+s4 ,"o ( ! _w's greate/ g5iuses 0 c>ri$ to 8 la/ re/+-place unaccompani$ by fri5ds1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! common paup]'s grave4 ,god end[$ him ) a wond]ful g5ius1 :i* ! _w ( 8 "t c\ld n recognize4 ,,! ,,m>riage ,,( ,,fig>o4 ,le ,nozze di ,fig>o1 9 ! ,g]man v]sion1 ,die ,ho*zeit des ,fig>o1 an op]a buffa 9 f\r acts1 ! words by ,lor5zo da ,ponte1 aft] ,beaum>*ais's com$y1 ,le ,m>iage de ,fig>o1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,national ,!atre1 ,vi5na1 ,may #a1 #aghf1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,c\ntess ,,almaviva ,signora ,,/orace4 ,,susanna ,signora ,,las*i4 ,,*]ub9o ,signora ,,m&9i4 ,,m>cell9a ,signora ,,bussani4 ,,b>b>9a ,signora ,,gottlieb4 ,,c\nt ,,almaviva ,signor ,,m&9i4 ,,fig>o ,signor ,,b5ucci4 ,,b>tolo ,signor ,,oc*eley4 ,,basilio ,signor ,,bussani4 ,x 0 fir/ br\ght out 9 ,p>is 9 #agic1 ) ,beaum>*ais's spok5 dialogue1 9 five acts1 z ,le ,m>iage de ,fig>o1 & 9 #aheh at ! ,!atre ,lyrique 9 ! same city1 9 f\r acts1 z ,les ,noces de ,fig>o1 ) text by ,b>bi]e & ,c>re4 ,! late ,mme4 ,p>epa-,rosa introduc$ x 9 ?is c\ntry 9 its ,engli% =m ) great success4 ,at ! "t ! libretto 0 writt51 ,beaum>*ais's satirical com$y1 ,le ,m>iage de ,fig>o1 _h be5 p]=m$ all ov] ,europe1 & _h attract$ great att5tion4 ,x _h be5 prohibit$ 9 ,p>is1 & _h caus$ great commotion 9 ,vi5na4 ,moz>t's notice 0 ?us drawn to x1 & he sugge/$ x to ,da ,ponte = a libretto1 & ! ,emp]or ,joseph subsequ5tly commission$ ! compos] to set x to music1 ?\gh he _h already compos$ a portion ( x4 ,! entire op]a 0 writt5 dur+ ! mon? ( ,april1 & ! wond]ful f9ale to ! second act occupi$ him = two nights & a day4 ,:5 x came to a p]=mance1 its success 0 rem>kable4 ,kelly1 :o 0 pres5t1 says1 9 8 ,rem9isc5ces3 ,nev] 0 !re a great] triumph ?an ,moz>t enjoy$ ) 8 ',fig>o4' ,! h\se 0 cr[d$ to ov]fl[+1 & almo/ ev]y?+ encor$1 s t ! op]a la/$ ne>ly d\ble ! usual "t2 & yet at its close ! public 7 unwe>i$ 9 clapp+ _! h&s & %\t+ = ,moz>t4 ,popul> z x 01 x 0 soon laid aside 9 ,vi5na ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! ,italian faction head$ by ,sali]i1 "o ( ,moz>t's rivals4 ,! /ory ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,spa94 ,c\nt ,almaviva1 :o _h won 8 beautiful ,c\ntess ) ! aid ( ,fig>o1 ! b>b] ( ,seville1 becomes enam\r$ ( h] maid ,susanna1 & at ! same "t1 by ! collusion ( ! two1 9 ord] to puni% him1 is made jeal\s by ! att5tions paid to ! ,c\ntess by ,*]ub9o1 ! page4 ,mean:ile ,fig>o1 to :om ,susanna is betro!d1 becomes jeal\s ( ! ,c\nt = 8 gallantry to h]4 ,out ( ^! cross-relations arise sev]al humor\s surprises4 ,besides ^! *>act]s !re are two o!rs :o h be5 disappo9t$ 9 love1--,b>tolo1 :o has be5 reject$ by ,susanna1 & ,m>cell9a1 ^: affection = ,fig>o has n be5 requit$4 ,! ,c\nt seeks to get rid ( ,*]ub9o by ord]+ him (f to ! w>s1 b he is sav$ by ,susanna1 :o disguises him 9 female attire4 ,! ,c\ntess1 ,susanna1 ,fig>o1 & ,*]ub9o !n conspire to puni% ! ,c\nt = 8 infidelity4 ,! latt] sudd5ly appe>s at 8 wife's door1 & f9d+ x lock$ dem&s an entrance4 ,*]ub9o1 al>m$1 hides himself 9 a closet & b>s ! door4 ,! ,c\nt is admitt$1 & f9d+ ! ,c\ntess 9 confusion insi/s ^u se>*+ ! closet4 ,he goes out to f9d "s means ( break+ 9 ! door1 & ,*]ub9o improves ! opportunity to jump out ( ! w9d[1 :ile ,susanna takes 8 place & confronts ! puzzl$ ,c\nt4 ,antonio1 ! g>d5]1 comes 9 & compla9s t "s "o has jump$ f ! w9d[ & brok5 8 fl[]-pots4 ,fig>o at once ass]ts t he did x4 ,a ludicr\s side plot unfolds at ?is po9t4 ,m>cell9a appe>s ) a contract ( m>riage sign$ by ,fig>o1 br++ ,b>tolo z a witness4 ,! ,c\nt decides t ,fig>o mu/ fulfil 8 contract1 b ! latt] escapes by %[+ t he is ! son ( ,m>cell9a1 & t ,b>tolo is 8 fa!r4 ,mean:ile ! ma9 plot is develop$ 9 ano!r conspiracy to puni% ! ,c\nt4 ,susanna contrives a r5dezv\s ) ! ,c\nt at night 9 ! g>d51 hav+ previ\sly arrang$ ) ! ,c\ntess t %e %\ld disguise h]self z ! maid1 ! latt] also assum+ ! "p ( ! ,c\ntess1 & arrive 9 "t to surprise ! two4 ,! page also puts 9 an appe>ance1 & gets 8 e>s box$ = 8 att5tions to ! disguis$ ,c\ntess4 ,fig>o1 :o has be5 in=m$ t ,susanna & ! ,c\nt are to meet 9 ! g>d51 comes on ! sc5e1 & 9 rev5ge makes a passionate decl>ation ( love to ! suppos$ ,c\ntess1 ^u :i* ! ,c\nt1 :o is gr[+ m & m bewild]$1 ord]s lights & makes 8 suppos$ wife unveil4 ,! real wife does ! same4 ,cov]$ ) confusion1 he implores p>don ( ! ,c\ntess1 :i* is readily giv54 ,! two are reconcil$1 & ,fig>o & ,susanna are unit$4 ,! :ole op]a is su* a comb9ation ( playfulness & grace t x is a some:at ungraci\s task to ref] to p>ticul> numb]s4 ,9 ^! reg>ds x is ! mo/ ,moz>tean ( all ! compos]'s op]as4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a sp>kl+ duet betwe5 ,fig>o & ,susanna1 9 :i* %e in=ms him ( ! ,c\nt's gallantries4 ,z %e leaves1 ,fig>o1 to ! accompanim5t ( 8 guit>1 s+s a rollick+ song 7,se vuol ball>e1 ,signor ,cont9o71 9 :i* he intimates t if ! ,c\nt wi%es to dance he w play = him 9 a /yle he little expects4 ,9 ! second sc5e ,b>tolo ent]s1 full ( 8 plans = v5geance1 :i* he n>rates 9 a grim & grotesque song 7,la ,v5detta74 ,! f\r? sc5e closes ) an exquisite aria by ,*]ub9o 7,non s piu cosa son74 ,aft] an exce$+ly humor\s trio 7,cosa s5to8 to/o &ate7 = ! ,c\nt1 ,basilio & ,susanna1 & a bright1 gleeful *orus 7,giovanni lieti71 ,fig>o closes ! act ) ! celebrat$ aria1 ,non piu &rai4 ,( ! s++ ( ?is great song at ! fir/ rehe>sal ( ! op]a ,kelly says 9 8 ,rem9isc5ces3 ,i rememb] ,moz>t well at ! fir/ g5]al rehe>sal1 9 a r$ furr$ coat & a galloon$ hat1 /&+ on ! /age & giv+ ! tempi4 ,b5ucci sang ,fig>o's aria1 ',non piu &rai1' ) ! utmo/ vivacity & ! full /r5g? ( 8 voice4 ,i /ood close beside ,moz>t1 :o exclaim$1 sotto voce1 ',brava6 brava6 ,b5ucci6' & :5 t f9e passage came1 ',*]ub9o1 alla vittoria1 alla gloria milit>1' :i* ,b5ucci gave 9 a /5torian voice1 ! effect 0 q electrical1 bo? on ! s+]s on ! /age & ! musicians 9 ! or*e/ra4 ,q transport$ ) delight1 !y all call$ out1 ',brava6 brava1 ,mae/ro6 viva6 viva6 viva il gr&e ,moz>t6' ,9 ! or*e/ra ! applause seem$ to h no end1 :ile ! viol9-play]s rapp$ _! b[s on _! desks4 ,! little ,mae/ro express$ 8 gratitude = ! en?usiasm1 te/ifi$ 9 s unusual a mann]1 by repeat$ly b[+4 ,! second act is ! ma/]piece ( ! op]a1 & conta9s 9 itself music en\gh to h made any compos] immortal4 ,x op5s ) a s]i\s aria by ! ,c\ntess 7,porgi amor7 foll[$ by ,*]ub9o's well-kn[n romanza 7,voi *e sapete17 "o ( ! sweete/ & mo/ effective songs ev] writt5 = contralto1 & ?is 9 turn by ,susanna's coquetti% song1 ,v5ite1 +9oc*iatevi1 z %e disguises ,*]ub9o4 ,a spirit$ trio & duet lead up to ! great f9ale1 begun by ! ,c\nt1 7,esci omai1 g>zon mal nato74 ,^u ?is f9ale ,moz>t seems to h lavi%$ ! ri*es ( 8 musical g5ius ) ! mo/ elaborate detail & 9 bewild]+ pr(usion4 ,x beg9s ) a duet betwe5 ! ,c\nt & ,c\ntess1 !n ) ! entrance ( ,susanna *anges to a trio1 & z ,fig>o & ,antonio ent]1 develops into a qu9tet4 ,9 ! close1 an indep5d5t figure is add$ by ! entrance ( ,m>cell9a1 ,b>b>9a1 & ,basilio1 & z ,antonio exits1 ?is trio is set aga9/ ! qu>tet ) indep5d5t !mes & tempi4 ,! ?ird act op5s ) a duet 7,crudel1 p]*e f9ora7 = ! ,c\nt & ,c\ntess1 foll[$ by a v dramatic sc5a = ! ,c\nt1 beg9n+ ) ! recitative1 ,hai gia v9ta la causa8 :i* 9 turn leads up to a lively & spirit$ sextet 7,riconosci 9 que/o amplesso74 ,! two numb]s :i* foll[ ! sextet are recogniz$ univ]sally z two ( ! sweete/ & mo/ melodi\s ev] writt51--! exquisite aria1 ,dove ,sono1 = ! ,c\ntess1 & ! ,zephyr ,duet1 z x is popul>ly kn[n 7,canzonetta su l'aria4 ,*e soave zeffiretto71 :i* /&s unsurpass$ = elegance1 grace1 & melodi\s beauty4 ,! rema9+ numb]s ( prom95t int]e/ are a long & v v]satile buffo aria = t5or 7,9 quegli anni71 sung by ,basilio1 ,fig>o's /irr+ m>* numb] 7,ecco la m>cia71 & a lovely song = ,susanna 7,deh1 vi5i1 non t>d>74 ,! op]a is full ( life & human int]e/4 ,its wond]ful *e]fulness & vital sympa?y appeal to e li/5]1 & its bright1 free1 joy\s tone f beg9n+ to end is no less fasc9at+ ?an ! exquisite melodies ) :i* ,moz>t has s ri*ly adorn$ x4 ,l ,don ,giovanni & ! ,magic ,flute1 ! be/ te/ ( ! "w is1 t x is r\nd+ its fir/ c5tury z fre% & bright & popul> z ev]4 ,,don ,,giovanni4 ,don ,giovanni1 an op]a buffa 9 two acts1 words by ,da ,ponte1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,prague1 ,oct4 #bi1 #aghg4 ,! full title ( ! "w is ,il dissoluto punito1 ossia il ,don ,giovanni1 & ! subject 0 tak5 f a ,spani% tale by ,tirso de ,mol9a1 call$ ,el combidado de pi$ra4 ,! orig9al ca/ ( ! op]a 0 z foll[s3-- ,,donna ,,anna ,signora ,,t]esa ,,saporitti4 ,,donna ,,elvira ,signora ,,micelli4 ,,z]l9a ,signora ,,bond9i4 ,,don ,,ottavio ,signor ,,baglioni4 ,,don ,,giovanni ,signor ,,luigi ,,bassi4 ,,leporello ,signor ,,felice ,,ponziani4 ,,masetto & ,,don ,,p$ro ,signor ,,lolli4 ,! success ( ! ,m>riage ( ,fig>o prep>$ ! way = ,don ,giovanni4 ,moz>t wrote ! op]a 9 ,prague1 & complet$ x1 except ! ov]ture1 ,oct4 #bh1 #aghg1 ab\t six weeks aft] he arriv$ 9 ! city4 ,! fir/ p]=mance took place ! next ev5+4 ,! ov]ture 0 writt5 dur+ ! night1 ! copyi/ receiv$ ! score at sev5 o'clock 9 ! morn+1 & x 0 play$ at eight 9 ! ev5+4 ,he _h only a week = /age rehe>sals1 & yet ! op]a creat$ a furor4 ,z an in/ance ( 8 extraord9>y memory1 x is said t ! drum & trumpet p>ts to ! f9ale ( ! second act 7 writt5 )\t ! score1 f memory4 ,:5 he br\ght ! p>ts into ! or*e/ra1 he rem>k$1 ,pray1 g5tlem51 be p>ticul>ly att5tive at ?is place1 po9t+ to "o1 z ,i believe t !re are f\r b>s ei!r too few or too _m4 ,8 rem>k 0 prov$ true4 ,x is also said t 9 ! orig9al scores ! brass in/rum5ts frequ5tly h no place1 z he wrote ! p>ts cont9ually on sep>ate bits ( pap]1 tru/+ to 8 memory = ! score4 ,! next ye> 7#aghh7 ! op]a 0 br\ght out 9 ,vi5na1 & = ?is production he wrote f\r new numb]s1--a recitative & aria = ,donna ,elvira 7,9 quali excessi1 o numi72 an aria = ,masetto 7,ho capito1 ,signor1 si72 a %ort aria = ,don ,ottavio 7,dalla sua pace72 & a duet = ,z]l9a & ,leporello 7,p] que/e tue man9e74 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,spa94 ,don ,giovanni1 a lic5ti\s nobleman1 becomes enam\r$ ( ,donna ,anna1 ! daught] ( ! ,comm&ant ( ,seville1 :o is betro!d to ,don ,ottavio4 ,he ga9s admission to h] ap>tm5ts at night1 & attempts to c>ry h] away2 b h] cries br+ h] fa!r to h] rescue4 ,he attacks ,don ,giovanni1 & 9 ! enc\nt] is sla94 ,! lib]t9e1 h[ev]1 9 company ) 8 rascally s]vant1 ,leporello1 makes good 8 escape4 ,:ile ! preci\s pair are consult+ ab\t "s new am\r1 ,donna ,elvira1 "o ( 8 victims1 appe>s & taxes him ) 8 cruelty2 b he flies f h]1 leav+ h] ) ,leporello1 :o horrifies h] ) an appall+ li/ ( 8 ma/]'s conque/s 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ,don ,giovanni next attempts ! ru9 ( ,z]l9a1 a peasant girl1 ^u ! v eve ( h] m>riage ) h] lov]1 ,masetto4 ,donna ,elvira1 h[ev]1 appe>s & ?w>ts 8 purposes1 & also discov]s him to ,donna ,anna z ! murd]] ( h] fa!r1 :]eupon %e b9ds h] lov]1 ,don ,ottavio1 to av5ge 8 dea?4 ,don ,giovanni does n ab&on 8 purpose1 h[ev]4 ,he gives a fete1 & once m seeks to accompli% ,z]l9a's ru91 b is aga9 ?w>t$ by h] ?ree fri5ds4 ,! second act op5s 9 a public squ>e ( ,seville at night4 ,don ,giovanni & ,leporello appe> be=e ! h\se ( ,donna ,elvira1 :]e ,z]l9a is conceal$4 ,leporello1 disguis$ 9 8 ma/]'s cloak1 & assum+ 8 voice1 lures ,donna ,elvira out1 & feign+ rep5tance = 8 conduct induces h] to leave ) him4 ,don ,giovanni !n proce$s to ent] ! h\se & seize ,z]l9a2 b be=e he c accompli% 8 purpose1 ,masetto & 8 fri5ds appe>1 & suppos+ x is ,leporello be=e !m1 dem& to "k :]e 8 ma/] is1 z !y are b5t ^u kill+ him4 ,don ,giovanni easily disposes ( ,masetto1 & !n rejo9s 8 s]vant ne> ! eque/rian /atue1 :i* has be5 erect$ to ! memory ( ! murd]$ ,don ,p$ro4 ,to _! a/oni%m5t ! /atue speaks1 & w>ns ! lib]t9e he w die be=e ! morr[4 ,don ,giovanni laughs at ! prophecy1 & invites ! /atue to a banquet to be giv5 ! next day at 8 h\se4 ,:ile ! gue/s are assembl$ at ! fea/1 an om9\s knock is he>d at ! door & ! /atue unc]emoni\sly ent]s4 ,all except ,leporello & ,don ,giovanni fly f ! room 9 t]ror4 ,! doom$ man ord]s an extra plate1 b ! /atue ext5ds its h& & invites him to sup ) x4 ,he takes ! m>ble h&1 & its cold f+]s clut* him 9 a firm grasp4 ,?rice ! /atue urges him to rep5t1 & z _m times he refuses2 :]eupon1 z x disappe>s1 demons rise1 seize ,don ,giovanni1 & c>ry him to ! inf]nal regions4 ,musically consid]$1 ,don ,giovanni is reg>d$ z ,moz>t's greate/ op]a1 ?\gh x lacks ! bright joy\sness ( ! ,m>riage ( ,fig>o1 & its human int]e/4 ,its melodies are m pron\nc$1 & h ent]$ m freely into g5]al use1 h[ev]1 ?an ^? ( ! =m]4 ,repulsive z ! /ory is1 "s ( ! melodies :i* illu/rate x h be5 impress$ into ! s]vice ( ! *ur*4 ,! fir/ act is introduc$ ) a humor\s aria by ,leporello 7,notte e giorno fatic>71 9 :i* he compla9s ( 8 treatm5t by 8 ma/]4 ,aft] ! murd] ( ,don ,p$ro1 9 ! second sc5e1 occurs a trio betwe5 ,donna ,elvira1 ,don ,giovanni1 & ,leporello1 ! lead+ motive ( :i* is a beautiful aria sung by ,donna ,elvira 7,ah6 *i mi dici mai74 ,! sc5e closes ) ! great buffo aria ( ,leporello 7,madam9a il catalogo7 popul>ly kn[n z ! ,catalogue ,song1 :i* is full ( broad humor1 ?\gh its subject is f> f possess+ t quality4 ,9 ! ?ird sc5e occur ! lovely duet = ,don ,giovanni & ,z]l9a 7,la ci d>em1 la mano71 two arias ( great dramatic int5sity = ,donna ,elvira 7,mi tradi7 & ,donna ,anna 7,or sai *i l'onore71 & ,don ,giovanni's da%+ song1 ,f9*e dal v9o1 ! music ( :i* is 9 admirable keep+ ) ! reckless nature ( ! lib]t9e himself4 ,! la/ sc5e is a treasure-h\se ( music1 conta9+ ! exquisitely coquetti% aria1 ,batti1 batti1 :i* ,z]l9a s+s to ! jeal\s ,masetto1 & ! beautiful trio ( ,donna ,anna1 ,donna ,elvira1 & ,don ,ottavio1 kn[n z ! ,mask ,trio1 set (f aga9/ ! qua9t m9uet music ( ! fete & ! hurly-burly :i* accompanies ! discov]y ( ,don ,giovanni's black designs4 ,! second act op5s ) a humor\s duet betwe5 ma/] & s]vant 7,eh1 via1 buffone71 foll[$ by ! trio1 ,ah6 taci1 inqui/o c>e1 z ,elvira appe>s at h] w9d[4 ,aft] %e leaves ) ,leporello1 ,don ,giovanni s+s a s]5ade 7,deh8 vi5i all f9e/ra7 to ,z]l9a1 :i* is int]rupt$ by ! appe>ance ( ,masetto & 8 fri5ds4 ,z]l9a is summon$ to ! sc5e by ! cries ( ,masetto aft] ,don ,giovanni has beat5 him1 & s+s to him = 8 consolation ! beautiful aria1 ,v$rai c>9o1 :i* has m ?an once be5 set to sacr$ words1 & has become famili> z a *ur* tune1 not)/&+ ! unsanctity ( its orig9al sett+4 ,! second sc5e op5s ) a /rong sextet 7,sola1 sola1 9 bujo loco71 foll[$ by ! ludicr\sly solemn appeal ( ,leporello1 ,ah6 pieta1 signori miei1 & t aria belov$ ( all t5ors1 ,il mio tesoro4 ,! f9ale is occupi$ ) ! sc5es at ! /atue & at ! banquet1 a %ort sc5e betwe5 ,donna ,anna & ,don ,ottavio int]v5+1 9 :i* %e s+s ! aria1 ,non mi dir4 ,! /atue music ?r\gh\t is ( a sepul*ral "*1 gradually develop+ into /ra9s almo/ z cold & om9\s z ! m>ble ( ! ,comm&ant himself1 & yet n )\t an elem5t ( ! grotesque z x portrays ! t]ror ( ,leporello4 ,x is said t 9 rev5ge at 8 ,italian rivals1 ,moz>t introduc$ an aria f ,m>t9's ,cosa ,r>a1 arrang$ = w9d in/rum5ts1 & also a favorite aria ( ,s>ti's1 to be play$ at ! banquet :5 ! hungry ,leporello beholds 8 ma/] at ! table & wat*es = "s ( ! *oice morsels1 & p>odi$ !m 9 an amus+ mann]4 ,he nev] c\ld reta9 an enmity v long1 h[ev]1 & s at ! end ( ! banquet he p>odi$ "o ( 8 own arias1 ! fam\s ,non piu &rai1 by giv+ x a comical turn to suit ,leporello's situation4 ,! criticism ( "o ( ! be/ biograph]s ( ,moz>t ^u ?is op]a is wor? repeat+ 9 ?is connection3 ,:e!r we reg>d ! mixture ( passions 9 its conc]t$ music1 ! pr(\nd expression ( melan*oly1 ! v>iety ( its situations1 ! beauty ( its accompanim5t1 or ! gr&eur ( its height5+ & protract$ sc5e ( t]ror--! f9ale ( ! second act1--',don ,giovanni' /&s alone 9 dramatic em95ce4 ,,! ,,magic ,,flute4 ,die ,zaub]floete1 an op]a 9 two acts1 words by ,emanuel ,s*ickan$]1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,vi5na1 ,sept4 #cj1 #agia1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3 ,,que5 ,,( ,,night ,mme4 ,,h(]4 ,,pam9a ,mlle4 ,,gottlieb4 ,,papag5a ,mme4 ,,gorl4 ,,tam9o ,h]r ,,s*ack4 ,,mono/atos ,h]r ,,gorl4 ,,s>a/ro ,h]r ,,s*ickan$]1 ,sr4 ,,papag5o ,h]r ,,s*ickan$]1 ,jr4 ,! ,magic ,flute 0 ! la/ great "w ( ! compos]1 & foll[$ ! ,cosi fan tutte1 :i* 0 giv5 9 ,janu>y1 #agia4 ,9 #aghj ,moz>t _h made ! acqua9tance ( ,s*ickan$] at ,salzburg4 ,he 0 a reckless1 dissipat$ !atre manag]1 & at ! "t ( ! composition ( ! ,magic ,flute 0 runn+ a small !atre 9 ,vi5na4 ,! competition ( ! l>g] !atres _h ne>ly begg>$ him1 & 9 ! mid/ ( 8 p]plexities he appli$ to ,moz>t to write him an op]a1 & intimat$ t he _h discov]$ an admirable subject = a fairy composition4 ,moz>t at fir/ object$2 b ,s*ickan$]1 l himself1 0 a ,freemason2 he _h be5 8 companion 9 dissipation1 & ex]cis$ a great influ5ce ov] him4 ,moz>t at la/ cons5t$4 ,a compact 0 made1 & ,s*ickan$] set to "w on ! libretto4 ,z he 0 a popul> buffoon1 he inv5t$ ! "p ( ,papag5o1 ! bird-cat*]1 = himself1 & arrang$ t x %\ld be dress$ 9 a co/ume ( fea!rs4 ,x is a trivial "p1 b ,s*ickan$] int5d$ to tickle ! fancy ( ! public1 & succe$$4 ,! fir/ act 0 f9i%$1 :5 x 0 f\nd t ! same subject _h be5 *os5 by a rival !atre1 ! ,leopold ,/adt1 :i* spe$ily ann\nc$ ! op]a ( ,kasp> d] ,fagotti/1 od] die ,zaub]-,zi!r1 by a popul> compos]1 ,w5zel ,muell]4 ,! piece _h a successful run1 & 9 ord] to prev5t a duplication1 ,s*ickan$] rev]s$ ! po9t ( 8 /ory1 & *ang$ ! evil magician1 :o /ole ! daught] ( ! ,que5 ( ,night1 into a great philosoph] & fri5d ( man4 ,x is ow+ to ?is *ange t we h ! magnific5t "* ( ,s>a/ro1 ) its impressive music4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,egypt4 ,s>a/ro1 ! high-prie/ ( ,isis1 has induc$ ,pam9a to leave h] "m1 ,a/rifiam5ti1 ! ,que5 ( ,night1 :o repres5ts ! _s ( evil1 & come to 8 temple1 :]e %e may be tra9$ 9 ! ways ( virtue & wisdom4 ,at ! op5+ ( ! op]a ! d>k ,que5 is try+ to discov] "s plan ( recov]+ h] daught] & puni%+ ,s>a/ro4 ,9 ! fir/ act appe>s ,tam9o1 an ,egyptian pr9ce1 :o has lo/ 8 way1 & is attack$ by a huge s]p5t1 f :i* he is rescu$ by ! ?ree att5dants ( ! ,que54 ,! latt] acco/s him1 tells him h] daught]'s /ory1 & dem&s t1 z ! co/ ( 8 deliv]ance1 he %all rescue h]4 ,he cons5ts4 ,%e gives him a magic flute1 & ) 8 companion ,papag5o1 a rollick+ bird-cat*]1 :o is also pres5t$ ) a magical *ime ( bells1 !y set out = ,s>a/ro's temple4 ,papag5o arrives !re fir/1 & 9 "t to rescue ,pam9a f ! p]secutions ( ,mono/atos1 a slave1 :o flies :5 he beholds ,papag5o 9 8 fea!r co/ume1 fancy+ him ! ,devil4 ,!y seek to make _! escape1 b are int]cept$4 ,tam9o also is caught1 & all are br\ght be=e ,s>a/ro4 ,! pr9ce cons5ts to become a novitiate 9 ! sacr$ rites1 & to g ?r\gh ! v>i\s /ages ( probation & purification1 & ,pam9a aga9 returns to h] duties4 ,!y rema9 fai?ful to _! v[s1 & ! la/ ordeal1 t ( pass+ ?r\gh a burn+ lake up to ! alt> ( ! temple1 is triumphantly accompli%$4 ,! ,que5 ( ,night1 h[ev]1 does n ab&on h] s*eme ( rev5ge4 ,%e appe>s to ,pam9a 9 h] sleep1 gives h] a dagg]1 & swe>s t unless %e murd]s ,s>a/ro %e w ca/ h] (f =ev]4 ,pam9a pays no he$ to h] oa?1 b goes on ) h] sacr$ duties1 tru/+ to ,s>a/ro's promise t if %e endures all ! ordeals %e w be =ev] happy4 ,9 ! clos+ sc5e1 ,mono/atos1 :o has be5 inflam$ aga9/ ,s>a/ro by ! ,que51 seeks to kill him1 b is vanqui%$ by ! might ( ! prie/'s pres5ce alone4 ,! night ( ! ordeals is ov]4 ,at a sign f ,s>a/ro1 !1 full sunlight p\rs 9 ^u !m4 ,! evil spirits all vani%1 & ,tam9o & ,pam9a are unit$ amid ! triumphant *oruses ( ! prie/s & att5dants1 z ! rew>d ( _! fidelity4 ,9 ! op5+ sc5e1 aft] ! enc\nt] ( ,tam9o ) ! s]p5t1 ,papag5o has a light & cat*+ song 7,d] ,vogelfa5g] b9 i* ja71 :i*1 l all ( ,papag5o's music1 0 specially writt5 = ,s*ickan$]1 & has be5 class$ "u ! head ( ! ,vi5nese ditties4 ,melodi\s z ,moz>t always is1 ^! songs mu/ be reg>d$ z concessions to ! buffoon :o sang !m4 ,papag5o's song is foll[$ by ano!r 9 a s]i\s /ra9 7,dies ,bildniss i/ bezaub]nd s*o57 sung by ,tam9o4 ,9 ! six? sc5e occurs ! fir/ aria = ! ,que5 ( ,night 7,o zittre ni*t1 me9 lieb] ,sohn71 :i*1 l its companion to be m5tion$ lat]1 is a rem>kable ex]cise 9 vocal p[]1 range1 & gymna/ics1 writt5 = an exceptional voice4 ,! next sc5e1 kn[n z ! ,padlock ,qu9tet1 is v simple & fl[+ 9 /yle1 & w always be popul> = its humor\s & melodi\s "*4 ,9 ! elev5? sc5e occurs ! famili> duet betwe5 ,pam9a & ,papag5o1 ,bei ,ma5n]n1 wel*e ,liebe fuell51 :i* has done good s]vice = ! *ur*1 & w be recogniz$ 9 ! ,engli% hymn v]sion1 ,s]5e ,i laid me d[n4 ,x leads up to ! f9ale1 beg9n+1 ,zum ,ziehle fuehrt di* diese ,bahn1 & conta9+ a graceful melody = ,tam9o 7,o dass i* do* im ,/&e wa]e71 & ano!r ( ! ,vi5nese tunes1 ,ko5nte j$] brave ,mann1--a duet = ,papag5o & ,pam9a1 ) *orus4 ,! second act op5s ) a /ately m>* & *orus by ! prie/s1 lead+ up to ,s>a/ro's fir/ great aria 7,o ,isis und ,osiris71 a sup]b invocation 9 broad1 fl[+ h>mony1 & ! sc5e closes ) a /rong duet by two prie/s 7,bewahret eu* vor ,weib]tueck547 ,! ?ird sc5e is a qu9tet = ,papag5o1 ,tam9o1 & ! ,que5's ?ree att5dants 7,wie ihr an diesem ,%reck5sort871 & is foll[$ by a s5tim5tal aria by ,mono/atos 7,alles fuehlt d] ,liebe ,freud574 ,9 ! next sc5e occurs ! second & greate/ aria ( ! ,que5 ( ,night 7,d] ,hoelle ,ra*e ko*t71 :i* 0 specially writt5 to %[ (f ! bravura ability ( ! creator ( ! "p1 & has be5 ! despair ( ne>ly all sopranos s9ce h] "t4 ,9 /rik+ contra/ ) x comes ! maje/ic aria = ,s>a/ro 9 ! next sc5e 7,9 dies5 heil'g5 ,hall571 famili>ly kn[n on ! conc]t-/age by its ,engli% title1 ,9 ^! sacr$ ,halls1 ! successful p]=mance ( :i* may well be ! height ( any basso's ambition4 ,9 ! twelf? sc5e !re is a t]zetto by ! ?ree boys 7,seid uns zum zweit5mal71 & 9 ! next sc5e a long & florid aria = ,pam9a 7,a*6 i* fuehl's es i/ v]s*wund571 full ( pla9tive *ords & v sombre 9 color4 ,! sixte5? sc5e conta9s ano!r /ately *orus ( prie/s 7,o ,isis und ,osiris71 bas$ ^u a broad & massive h>mony1 :i* is foll[$ by a t]zetto betwe5 ,s>a/ro1 ,pam9a1 & ,tam9o 7,soll i* di*1 ,!ur] ni*t mehr seh5874 ,once m a concession to ! buffoon occurs 9 a melody ,e9 ,ma$*5 od] ,weib*51 :i* w\ld be commonplace b = ,moz>t's treatm5t ( ! simple air4 ,! f9ale beg9s ) ano!r t]zetto = ! ?ree boys 7,bald prangt1 d5 ,morg5 zu v]ku5d574 ,x may be t]m$ a f9ale ( surprises1 z x conta9s two numb]s :i* are z f> ap>t 9 "* z ! poles1--! fir/1 an old *oral melody 7,d]1 wel*] w&elt diese ,/rasse71 ! orig9al be+1 ,*ri/1 our ,"l1 to ,jordan came1 set to an accompanim5t1 /r5g!n$ by ! trombones & o!r w9d in/rum5ts2 & ! second1 a nons5se duet 7,pa-pa-,papag5o7 = ,papag5o & ,papag5a1 :i* w\ld close ! op]a 9 a bur/ ( *ildi% hil>ity b = ! solemn conclud+ *orus ( ! prie/s 7,heil sei eu* ,gewei!n74 ,! great *>m ( ! op]a is its orig9ality1 & ! wond]ful fre%ness & fruitfulness ( ! compos] 9 giv+ indep5d5t & *>act]i/ic melodies to e "*1 z well z ! m>vell\s comb9ation ( te*nicality ) absolute melody4 ,bee?ov5 said ( x t ?is 0 ,moz>t's "o ,g]man op]a 9 "r ( ! /yle & solidity ( its music4 ,jahn1 9 8 criticism1 says3 ',! ,zaub]floete' has a special & mo/ important position among ,moz>t's op]as4 ,! :ole musical conception is pure ,g]man1 & "h = ! fir/ "t ,g]man op]a makes free & skilful use ( all ! elem5ts ( f9i%$ art4 ,,ross9i4 ,gioa*9i ,antonio ,ross9i 0 born at ,pes>o1 ,italy1 ,feb4 #bi1 #agib4 ,8 e>ly lessons 9 music 7 tak5 ) ,tesei1 & z a lad he also appe>$ ^u ! /age z a s+]4 ,9 #ahjg he 0 admitt$ to ! class ( ,padre ,mattei at ! ,bologna ,cons]vatory1 :]e he took a prize = a cantata at ! end ( 8 fir/ ye>4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 c>e] 9 ,italy he 0 commission$ to write an op]a = ,v5ice4 ,x 0 ,la ,cambiale di ,matrimonio1 an op]a buffa 9 "o act1 & 0 produc$ 9 #ahaj4 ,dur+ ! next ?ree ye>s he wrote sev]al works = ,v5ice & ,milan1 :i* 7 successful1 b none ( !m creat$ su* a furor z ,tancr$i4 ,?is 0 foll[$ by ,l' ,italiana 9 ,alg]i1 ,aureliano 9 ,palmira1 & ,il ,turco 9 ,italia4 ,9 #ahae appe>$ ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville4 ,/range z x may seem1 x 0 at fir/ condemn$1 n on its m]its1 b because ! compos] _h tr5*$1 z x 0 suppos$1 ^u ! gr\nd already occupi$ by ! favorite ,paisiello1 ?\gh he appli$ to ! latt] be=e writ+ x1 & receiv$ 8 assurances t he _h no objection to 8 use ( ! same subject4 ,otello foll[$ ! ,b>b] at ,naples 9 #ahaf1 & ,c5]5tola 9 #ahag1 & bo? 7 extraord9>ily successful4 ,! ,gazza ,ladra 0 produc$ at ,milan 9 #ahag1 & 0 foll[$ by ,armida at ,naples 9 ! same ye>4 ,8 next great "w 0 ! oratorio1 ,moses 9 ,egypt1 :i* is also giv5 z op]a4 ,! ,donna del ,lago1 bas$ ^u ,walt] ,scott's ,lady ( ! ,lake1 0 produc$ at ,naples 9 #ahai4 ,! same ye> he op5$ ! ,c>nival 9 ,milan ) ,bianca e ,fali]o1 & be=e its close he produc$ ,maometto secondo at ,naples4 ,dur+ ! next two or ?ree ye>s 8 muse 0 v prolific1 & 9 #ahbc appe>$ ano!r ( 8 great works1 ,semiramide1 :i* made a furor at ,v5ice4 ,t ye> he w5t to ,london & gave conc]ts1 9 :i* he sang1 & !nce to ,p>is1 :i* n[ became 8 home4 ,8 greate/ "w = ,p>is 0 ,william ,tell1 :i* 0 produc$ 9 #ahbi1 & x 0 also 8 la/1 ?\gh by an arrangem5t ) ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,*>les ,x4 x 0 to be ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( five4 ,! revolution ( #ahcj de/roy$ 8 plans4 ,9 #ahcf he he>d ,mey]be]'s ,hugu5ots1 & resolv$ to write no m4 ,f\r ye>s be=e ?is he _h writt5 ! ,/abat ,mat]1 b x 0 n produc$ complete until #ahdb4 ,f ?is "t on he liv$ at 8 villa at ,passy ! life ( a voluptu>y & di$ !re ,nov4 #ac1 #ahfh4 ,! catalogue ( 8 works is imm5se1 includ+ fifty op]as alone1 ( :i* 9 a necess>ily brief sket* x has be5 possible to m5tion only ^? be/ kn[n4 ,,! ,,b>b] ,,( ,,seville4 ,il ,b>bi]e di ,siviglia1 an op]a buffa 9 two acts1 words by ,/]b9i1 f\nd$ on ,beaum>*ais's com$y1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,arg5t9a ,!atre1 ,rome1 ,feb4 #e1 #ahaf1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,ros9a ,mme4 ,,giorgi ,,righetti4 ,,b]tao ,mlle4 ,,rossi4 ,,fig>o ,sig4 ,,luigi ,,zamboni4 ,,c\nt ,,almaviva ,sig4 ,,g>cia4 ,,b>tolo ,sig4 ,,botticelli4 ,,basilio ,sig4 ,,vitt>elli4 ,! /ory ( ! writ+ ( ,! ,b>b] ( ,seville is ( m ?an ord9>y int]e/4 ,ross9i _h engag$ to write two op]as = ! ,roman ,c>nival ( #ahaf4 ,! fir/ 0 br\ght out ,dec4 #bf1 #ahae1 & ! same day he b\nd himself to furni% ! second by ,jan4 #bj1 #ahaf1 ) no k ( :at ! libretto w\ld be4 ,/]b9i furni%$ him ) ! /ory ( ! ,b>b] by piecemeal1 & z fa/ z ! v]ses 7 giv5 him he wrote ! music4 ,! :ole "w 0 f9i%$ 9 less ?an ?ree weeks4 ,its orig9al title 0 ,almaviva1 ossia l'inutile precauzione1 to di/+ui% x f ,paisiello's ,b>b] ( ,seville4 ,! orig9al ov]ture 0 lo/ 9 "s mann]1 & t ( ,aureliano sub/itut$4 ,9 ! sc5e b5ea? ,ros9a's balcony ,g>cia introduc$ a ,spani% air ( 8 own2 b x fail$1 & be=e ! second p]=mance ,ross9i wrote ! beautiful cavat9a1 ,ecco rid5te il cielo 9 its place1 ! melody borr[$ f ! op5+ *orus ( 8 ,aureliano1 & t 9 turn f 8 ,ciro 9 ,babilonia4 ,! subject ( ! effective trio1 ,zitti1 zitti1 0 tak5 f ,haydn's ,seasons1 & ! aria sung by ! du5na ,b]ta 7,il ve*iotto c]ca moglie71 f a ,russian melody he _h he>d a lady s+ 9 ,rome & introduc$ = h] sake4 ,= ! music-lesson sc5e ,ross9i wrote a trio :i* has be5 lo/2 & ?us an opportunity has be5 giv5 ,ros9as to int]polate :at !y please4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid at ,seville1 ,spa94 ,c\nt ,almaviva has fall5 9 love ) ,ros9a1 ! w>d ( ,dr4 ,b>tolo1 ) :om %e resides1 & :o wi%es to m>ry h] himself4 ,aft] s]5ad+ 8 mi/ress1 :o kn[s him only by ! "n ( ,c\nt ,l9doro1 he prevails ^u ,fig>o1 ! factotum ( ! place1 to br+ ab\t an int]view ) h]4 ,9 spite ( h] gu>dian's wat*fulness1 z well z t ( ,don ,basilio1 h] music-tea*]1 :o is help+ ,b>tolo 9 8 s*emes1 %e in=ms ! ,c\nt by lett] t %e returns 8 passion4 ,) ,fig>o's help he succe$s 9 ga9+ admission to ! h\se disguis$ z a drunk5 dragoon1 b ?is /ratagem is foil$ by ! entrance ( ! gu>d1 :o arre/ him4 ,a second "t he secures admission1 disguis$ z a music-tea*]1 & pret5d+ t he has be5 s5t by ,don ,basilio1 :o is ill1 to take 8 place4 ,to get into ,b>tolo's confid5ce he produces ,ros9a's lett] to himself1 & promises to p]suade h] t ! lett] has be5 giv5 him by a mi/ress ( ! ,c\nt1 & ?us break (f ! connection betwe5 ! two4 ,by ?is means he secures ! desir$ int]view1 & an elopem5t & private m>riage are plann$4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! arrangem5ts1 h[ev]1 ,don ,basilio puts 9 an appe>ance1 & ! disconc]t$ lov] makes good 8 escape4 ,mean:ile ,b>tolo1 :o has ,ros9a's lett]1 succe$s 9 ar\s+ ! jeal\sy ( 8 w>d ) x1 :o !reupon discloses ! propos$ elopem5t & promises to m>ry h] gu>dian4 ,at ! "t set = ! elopem5t ! ,c\nt & ,fig>o appe>4 ,a reconciliation is easily effect$1 a not>y is at h&1 & !y are m>ri$ j z ,b>tolo makes 8 appe>ance ) (fic]s to arre/ ! ,c\nt4 ,mutual explanations occur1 h[ev]1 & all ends happily4 ,! fir/ act op5s aft] a %ort *orus1 ) ! s]5ade1 ,ecco rid5te 9 cielo1 ! mo/ beautiful song 9 ! op]a4 ,x beg9s ) a sweet & expressive l>go & concludes ) a florid allegro1 & is foll[$ by a *orus 9 :i* ! s]5ad]s are dismiss$4 ,9 ! second sc5e ,fig>o ent]s1 & aft] "s brief recitatives s+s ! celebrat$ buffo aria1 ,l>go al factotum1 9 :i* he gives an acc\nt ( 8 num]\s avocations4 ,! aria is full ( life & gayety1 & wond]fully adapt$ to ! /yle ( ! m]curial ,fig>o4 ,a light & lively duet betwe5 ,fig>o & ! ,c\nt1 clos+ ) ! sprightly melody1 ,ah6 *e d'amore1 leads up to ! *amb] aria ( ,ros9a1 s well kn[n on ! conc]t-/age1 ,una voce poco fa1 :i* is n only v expressive & ( great compass1 b is rem>kably ri* 9 ornam5tation4 ,a %ort dialogue 9 recitative !n occurs betwe5 ,b>tolo & ,basilio1 9 :i* !y plot to circumv5t ,ros9a by calumny1 :i* gives occasion = ! ,calumny aria1 z x is g5]ally kn[n 7,la calunnia71 a v sonor\s bass solo1 sung by ,basilio4 ,ano!r dialogue foll[s betwe5 ,fig>o & ,ros9a1 lead+ to ! florid duet1 ,e il mae/ro io faccio4 ,a ?ird dialogue foll[s betwe5 ,ros9a & ,b>tolo1 end+ 9 a bass aria 7,non piu tacete71 v simil> 9 its g5]al /yle to ! ,calumny song1 b usually omitt$ 9 p]=mances4 ,9 ! t5? sc5e ! ,c\nt arrives disguis$ z ! drunk5 soldi]1 & ! f9ale beg9s4 ,x is compos$ ( ?ree sc5es v +5i\sly arrang$1 & full ( glitt]+ dialogue & v melodi\s passages4 ,! second act op5s ) a soliloquy by ,b>tolo 7,ma r$i il mio de/9o71 9 :i* he gives v5t to 8 suspicions4 ,x is int]rupt$ at la/ by a duet ) ! ,c\nt1 9 :i* ! two *>act]s are /rik+ly set (f by ! music4 ,! music-lesson sc5e foll[s1 9 :i* ! arti/ p]sonat+ ,ros9a is giv5 an opportunity = int]polation4 ,9 ! next sc5e occurs a dialogue qu9tet1 :i* is foll[$ by a long aria 7,sempre gridi7 by ! du5na ,b]?a1 call$ by ! ,italians ! ,aria de ,sorbetto1 because ! p us$ to eat ices :ile x 0 sung2 rem9d+ "o ( ! great aria f ,tancr$i1 ,di tanti palpiti1 :i* !y call$ ! aria dei rizzi1 because ,ross9i compos$ x :ile cook+ 8 rice4 ,9 ! eigh? sc5e1 aft] a long recitative1 an in/rum5tal prelude occurs1 repres5t+ a /ormy night1 foll[$ by a recitative 9 :i* ! ,c\nt reveals himself1 lead+ up to a florid trio1 & ?is 9 turn to ! elegant t]zetto1 ,zitti1 zitti4 ,a bravura & f9ale ( light & graceful melody close ! op]a4 ,,semiramide ,semiramide a lyric trag$y 9 two acts1 words by ,gaetano ,rossi1 ! subject tak5 f ,voltaire's ,semiramis1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,f5ice1 ,v5ice1 ,feb4 #c1 #ahbc1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,semiramide ,mme4 ,,ross9i-,,colbran4 ,,arsaces ,mme4 ,,m>iani4 ,,idr5o ,mr4 ,,s9clair4 ,,assur ,sig4 ,,galli4 ,,oroe ,sig4 ,,m>iani4 ,on ! #i? ( ,july x 0 produc$ 9 ,fr5* at ! ,academie1 ,p>is1 z ,semiramis1 ) ,c>lotta ,m>*isio z ,semiramide1 ,b>b>a1 h] si/]1 z ,arsaces1 & ,m4 ,ob9 z ,assur4 ,at ,ross9i's reque/ ,m4 ,c>afa arrang$ ! recitatives & wrote ! ballet music4 ,semiramide 0 ! la/ op]a ,ross9i wrote = ,italy2 & s f> did he dep>t f ! conv5tional ,italian /yle1 t he 0 *>g$ ) imitat+ ! ,g]man4 ,x 0 probably = ?is reason t ! op]a :5 fir/ p]=m$ did n meet ) a k9dly reception f ! ,v5etians4 ,al?\gh he 0 occupi$ six mon?s 9 negotiat+ = 8 /ipulat$ price 7"o ?\s& doll>s71 he wrote ! op]a 9 ?ree weeks4 ,( its fir/ p]=mance1 a correspond5t ( ! ,h>monicon1 :o 0 pres5t1 writes3 ,! fir/ act1 :i* la/$ two h\rs & fifte5 m9utes1 0 receiv$ v coldly1 ) ! exception ( "o passage 9 ! ov]ture1 :i* ov]ture1 h[ev]1 0 unconscionably long4 ,! second act1 :i* la/$ two h\rs & a half1 began to please 9 an air ( ,m>iani1 b ! applause 0 r direct$ to ?is favorite s+]4 ,aft] ?is a duet betwe5 h] & ,colbran1 toge!r ) an air ( ,galli1 & p>ticul>ly a t]zetto betwe5 him & ! two ladies1 7 well receiv$4 ,ross9i 0 also call$ = at ! end ( ! second act4 ,x is all ov] ) ,madame1 8 own wife 7,mme4 ,colbran71 :o took ! title-role4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,babylon1 & ! /ory briefly told is z foll[s3 ,n9us1 ! ,k+ ( ,babylon1 has be5 murd]$ by 8 ,que51 ,semiramis1 aid$ by ,assur1 a pr9ce enam\r$ ( h] & aspir+ to ! ?rone4 ,"o ( ! ,que5's w>riors1 ,arsaces1 suppos$ to be ( ,scy?ian orig91 b 9 reality h] own son1 returns f a =eign exp$ition & is load$ ) honors = ! victory he has won4 ,semiramis1 ignorant ( 8 p>5tage1 has a secret passion = him1 he 9 ! mean "t be+ devot$ to ,azema1 "o ( ! pr9cesses royal4 ,z all ga!r toge!r 9 ! temple to swe> allegiance to ! ,que51 ! gates ( ,n9us's tomb sudd5ly op51 & 8 gho/ appe>s & ann\nces t ,arsaces w be ! successor to ! cr[n4 ,at midnight ,semiramis1 ,assur1 & ,arsaces meet at ! tomb1 & by mi/ake ,assur /abs h] in/ead ( ,arsaces1 :o 9 turn kills ,assur1 &1 all ob/acles be+ remov$1 is unit$ to ,azema & asc5ds ! ?rone4 ,an introductory *orus ( ,babylonians & a t]zetto by ,idr5o1 ,assur1 & ,oroe op5 ! op]a & lead up to ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,semiramis1 :i* is foll[$ by a v dramatic qu>tet 7,di tanti regi74 ,9 ! f\r? sc5e ,arsaces has a v brilliant aria 7,o6 come da quel di71 :i* also did s]vice 9 "o or two ( ,ross9i's o!r op]as1 & is foll[$ by a v animat$ duet 7,bella imago degli dei7 betwe5 himself & ,assur4 ,! eigh? sc5e is introduc$ by a graceful female *orus :i* leads to ,semiramis's brilliant & well-kn[n aria1 ,bel raggio4 ,9 ! t5? sc5e occurs an elegant duet 7,s]bami agnor si fido71 foll[$ 9 ! next sc5e by a /ately prie/s' m>* & *orus 7,ergi omai la fronte alt]a71 set to ecclesia/ical h>mony & accompani$ by full milit>y b& z well z or*e/ra1 ?is be+ ! fir/ in/ance :]e a milit>y b& 0 us$ 9 ,italian op]a4 ,x leads to ! f9ale1 :]e ,semiramis on h] ?rone ann\nces to h] p h] *oice = _! future k+4 ,! oa? ( allegiance foll[s 9 an impressive qu>tet ) *orus 7,giuro al numi71 & a defiant aria by ! ,que5 leads to ! sudd5 appe>ance ( ! gho/ ( ,n9us1 accompani$ by *>act]i/ic music repeat$ 9 qu9tet ) *orus4 ,z ! gho/ speaks1 ! /atue sc5e 9 ,don ,giovanni is inevitably recall$1 especially 9 "s phrases :i* are lit]ally copi$4 ,! second act op5s ) a v9dictively passionate duet 7,assur1 ic5ni mici7 betwe5 ,assur & ,semiramis1 clos+ ) a fi]ce outbur/ ( hatr$ 7,la =za primi]a74 ,! sc5e is a v long & spirit$ "o1 & is foll[$ by a second *orus ( prie/s1 lead+ to a great aria ) *orus 7,ah6 tu gel> mi fai7 = ,arsaces4 ,9 ! fif? sc5e occurs a long duet betwe5 ,arsaces & ,semiramis1 ! second "p ( :i* 7,giorno d'orrore7 is ! /ronge/ numb] 9 ! op]a4 ,?\gh int5sely passionate 9 its tone1 ! music is smoo? & fl[+ & v florid = bo? voices4 ,! sev5? sc5e is compos$ ( a sc5a1 aria & *orus1 foll[$ by /ill ano!r *orus 9 ! mausoleum4 ,semiramis s+s a pray] ( great pa?os & beauty 7,ah mio preg>74 ,a t]zetto 7,l'usato ardir71 :i* l ! mausoleum *orus is bas$ ^u an aria f ,moz>t's ,cosi fan tutti1 closes ! op]a4 ,! ,h>monicon1 to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made1 9 an analysis ( ! "w1 has ! foll[+ apt criticism3 ,x has be5 said1 & truly1 t ',semiramide' is compos$ 9 ! ,g]man /yle1 b x is ! ,g]man /yle exagg]at$4 ,ross9i is become a conv]t to ?is s*ool1 & 8 conv]sion does 8 judgm5t cr$it1 ?\gh l all proselytes he passes into extremes4 ,n satisfi$ ) disc>d+ ! meagre accompanim5ts ( ! ,italian compos]s1 he ev5 goes f> beyond ! tramontane ma/]s 9 ! multitude & use ( in/rum5ts1 & frequ5tly smo!rs 8 conc]t$ pieces & *oruses by ! ov]:elm+ weight ( 8 or*e/ra4 ,b :at w\ld ! ,h>monicon h said1 _h x _h ,wagn]'s in/rum5tation be=e x8 ,,william ,,tell ,william ,tell1 an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,eti5ne ,j\y & ,hippolyte ,bis1 ! subject tak5 f ,s*ill]'s drama ( ! same "n1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,academie1 ,p>is1 ,aug4 #c1 #ahbi1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,ma?ilde ,mme4 ,,damoreau-,,c9ti4 ,,jemmy ,mme4 ,,dabodie4 ,,h$wig ,mlle4 ,,mori4 ,,arnold ,m4 ,,n\rrit4 ,,walt] ,m4 ,,levasseur4 ,,tell ,m4 ,,dabodie4 ,,ruodi ,m4 ,,dupont4 ,,rodolphe ,m4 ,,massol4 ,,gessl] ,m4 ,,prevo/4 ,,leutold ,m4 ,,prevot4 ,ross9i wrote = ,p>is only two new op]as1 ,le ,comte ,ory & ,william ,tell1--! latt] 8 ma/]piece 9 ! s]i\s /yle4 ,! libretto 0 fir/ prep>$ by ,m4 ,j\y1 b x 0 s bad t ,m4 ,bis 0 call$ 91 & to him is due ! :ole ( ! second act4 ,ev5 aft] ! two au?ors _h *ang$ & revis$ x1 ,ross9i _h to alt] x 9 _m places4 ,:5 x 0 fir/ p]=m$ ! weakness ( ! drama 0 at once recogniz$1 ?\gh its music 0 w>mly welcom$1 especially by ! critical4 ,x 0 repres5t$ fifty-six times 9 its orig9al =m1 & 0 !n cut d[n to ?ree acts1 ! orig9al ?ird act be+ omitt$ & ! f\r? & fif? cond5s$ into "o4 ,= ?ree ye>s aft] ?is "t ! second act 0 alone p]=m$ 9 ,p>is2 b :5 ,m4 ,duprez made 8 debut 9 ! "p ( ,arnold1 a fre% en?usiasm 0 ar\s$1 & !re 0 a g5u9e ,tell revival4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,switz]l&1 p]iod ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ! action closely foll[s ! hi/orical n>rative4 ,! disaffection :i* has aris5 among ! ,swiss1 ow+ to ! tyranny ( ,gessl]1 sudd5ly comes to a climax :5 "o ( ,gessl]'s foll[]s attempts an outrage ^u ! only daught] ( ! h]dsman ,leutold1 & meets 8 dea? at ! h&s ( ! indignant fa!r4 ,leutold seeks protection at ! h&s ( ,tell1 :o1 9 ! face ( ! h]dsman's pursu]s1 succe$s 9 plac+ him beyond ! rea* ( dang]1 & ?is circum/ance ar\ses ! wra? ( ,gessl]4 ,mel*tal1 ! village patri>*1 is accus$ by him ( incit+ ! p to insubord9ation1 & is put to dea?4 ,mean:ile ,arnold1 8 son1 is enam\r$ ( ,ma?ilde1 ,gessl]'s daught]1 & hesitates betwe5 love & duty :5 he is call$ ^u to av5ge 8 fa!r's dea?4 ,at la/ duty prevails1 & he jo9s 8 comrades :5 ! m5 ( ! ?ree cantons1 :o are loyal to ,tell1 meet & swe> dea? to ! tyrant4 ,9 ! la/ act occurs ! fam\s ar*]y sc5e4 ,to discov] ! lead+ (f5d]s ,gessl] erects a pole 9 ! squ>e ( ,altorf1 ^u :i* he places 8 hat & comm&s ! p to d homage to x4 ,tell refuses1 & z a puni%m5t is ord]$ to %oot an apple f 8 son's head4 ,he successfully accompli%es ! feat1 b z he is ab\t to retire ,gessl] obs]ves a second arr[ conceal$ 9 8 g>m5ts1 & inquires ! reason = x1 :5 ,tell boldly replies x 0 int5d$ = him 9 case ! fir/ _h kill$ 8 son4 ,gessl] ?r[s him into prison1 :]eupon ,ma?ilde ab&ons h] fa!r & det]m9es to help 9 ! rescue ( ,tell & 8 son4 ,h] lov]1 ,arnold1 mean:ile1 raises a b& ( brave foll[]s & accompli%es ! rescue himself4 ,aft] slay+ ! tyrant & free+ 8 c\ntry ,tell returns to 8 family1 & ,arnold & ,ma?ilde are unit$4 ,! ov]ture to ,william ,tell1 ) its ,alp9e repose1 its great /orm-picture1 ! /irr+ ,ranz des ,va*es1 & ! trumpet-call to fre$om1 is "o ( ! mo/ p]fect & beautiful ev] writt51 & is s famili> t x does n ne$ analysis4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a delightfully fre% ,alp9e *orus 7,e il ciel s]5o71 :i* is foll[$ by a pa/oral qu>tet betwe5 a fi%]man1 ,tell1 ,h$wig1 & ,jemmy4 ,arnold ent]s1 & a long duet1 "o ( ,ross9i's f9e/ inspirations1 foll[s betwe5 ,arnold & ,tell4 ,! duet is int]rupt$ by ! entrance ( sev]al ( ! peasants escort+ two brides & bridegrooms1 :i* is ! signal = a mo/ graceful *orus & dance 7,c9to il cr9e74 ,leutold !n appe>s1 seek+ ,tell's protection1 & a v dramatic f9ale beg9s1 clos+ ) ! arre/ ( ,mel*tal1 :i* leads to an ensemble ( great p[]4 ,! second act op5s ) a d\ble *orus ( huntsm5 & %eph]ds 7,qual silve/re metro intorne71 :i* is foll[$ by a sc5a prelud+ a *>m+ romanza 7,selva opaco7 sung by ,ma?ilde4 ,its mild1 quiet beauty is 9 /range contra/ ) ! rema9d] ( ?is great act4 ,x is foll[$ by a passionate duet ) ,arnold1 a second & /ill m passionate duet betwe5 ,tell & ,walt]1 :i* leads to ! magnific5t trio ( ! oa? 7,la gloria inflammi71 & ?is 9 turn is foll[$ by ! spl5did sc5e ( ! ga!r+ ( ! cantons4 ,= melodic & h>monic beauty comb9$1 ! spirit$ treatm5t ( masses1 & *>m & v>iety ( color1 ?is great sc5e /&s almo/ alone4 ,! la/ act op5s ) a duet betwe5 ,ma?ilde & ,arnold1 :i* is foll[$ 9 ! next sc5e by a m>* & *orus z ! multitude ga!rs 9 ! squ>e ( ,altorf1 clos+ ) a lovely ,tyrolean *orus sung by ! sopranos & accompani$ ) ! dance4 ,! dramatic sc5e ( ! ar*]y foll[s1 & !n ,arnold has a v passionate aria 7,o muto asil74 ,"s v vivid /orm-music prelud+ ! la/ sc5e1 & ! f9al hymn ( fre$om 7,i bos*i1 i monti7 close an op]a :i* is unque/ionably ,ross9i's ma/]piece1 & 9 :i* 8 musical ability rea*$ its highe/ expression4 ,manly1 e>ne/1 & mighty1 ,hanslick calls x2 & ! same au?ority claims t ! fir/ & second acts belong to ! mo/ beautiful a*ievem5ts ( ! mod]n op]a4 ,,rub9/e94 ,anton ,gregor ,rub9/e9 0 born ,nov4 #cj1 #ahbi1 at ,weghwotynez 9 ,russia4 ,8 "m gave him lessons at ! age ( f\r1 ) ! result t by ! "t he 0 six %e 0 unable to tea* him any?+ m4 ,he !n /udi$ ! piano ) ,alex&] ,villo+1 a pupil ( ,john ,field4 ,9 #ahdj he ent]$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory1 :]e he attract$ ! att5tion ( ,liszt1 ,*op91 & ,?alb]g4 ,he rema9$ 9 t city eighte5 mon?s1 & !n made "s pr(essional t\rs1 9 :i* he met ) extraord9>y success4 ,9 #ahdd 8 p>5ts remov$ to ,b]l91 & he 0 plac$ "u ,dehn1 ! fam\s contrapunti/1 to /udy composition4 ,f #ahdf to #ahdh he taught music 9 ,pressburg & ,vi5na1 & !n w5t back to ,russia4 ,= eight ye>s he /udi$ & wrote 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & at ! end ( t "t _h accumulat$ a mass ( manuscripts de/9$ to make 8 "n fam\s all ov] ,europe1 :ile 8 reputation z a skilful piani/ 0 already _w-wide4 ,he visit$ ,engl& aga9 9 #aheg1 & ! next ye> return$ home & settl$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ab\t :i* "t he 0 made ,imp]ial ,conc]t ,director1 ) a life-p5sion4 ,at ?is p]iod 9 8 c>e] he devot$ himself to ! cause ( music 9 ,russia4 ,8 fir/ great "w 0 ! f\ndation ( ! ,cons]vatory 9 ! above city 9 #ahfb1 ( :i* he rema9$ pr9cipal until #ahfg4 ,he also f\nd$ ! ,russian ,musical ,society 9 #ahfa1 & 9 #ahfi 0 decorat$ by ! ,cz>4 ,9 #ahgj he direct$ ! ,philh>monic & ,*oral ,societies ( ,vi5na1 & %ortly aft]w>ds made ano!r t\r1 dur+ :i*1 9 #ahgb1 he came to ?is c\ntry ) ! em95t viol9i/1 ,wi5iawsky1 z w be well rememb]$4 ,8 greate/ works are ! ,ocean ,symphony1 ,dramatic ,symphony1 & a "* sket* = gr& or*e/ra call$ ,ivan ! ,t]rible2 8 op]as1 ,*ildr5 ( ! ,hea?1 ,f]amors1 ,n]o1 ,! ,maccabees1 ,dimitri ,donskoi1 & ! ,demon2 ! oratorios ,p>adise ,lo/1 & ,t[] ( ,babel1 & a long & spl5did catalogue ( *amb]1 salon1 & conc]t music1 besides "s beautiful songs1 :i* are great favorites 9 ! conc]t-room4 ,,n]o4 ,! op]a ( ,n]o1 ! libretto by ,jules ,b>bi]1 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,hamburg 9 #ahgi1--?\gh x 0 orig9ally int5d$ = ! ,fr5* /age1--& 9 ?is c\ntry1 ,m>* #ad1 #ahhg1 at ,new ,york1 by ! ,am]ican ,op]a ,company1 "u ! direction ( ,mr4 ,!odore ,?omas1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,n]o ,mr4 ,,c&idus4 ,,julius ,,v9dex ,mr4 ,,ludwig4 ,,tigell9us ,mr4 ,,/odd>d4 ,,balbillus ,mr4 ,,:itney4 ,,saccus ,mr4 ,,fess5d54 ,,sevirus ,mr4 ,,hamilton4 ,,t]p&] ,mr4 ,,lee4 ,,poppoea ,,sab9a ,miss ,,b]?a ,,pi]son4 ,,epi*>is ,miss ,,cornelia ,,van ,,zant54 ,,*rysa ,miss ,,emma ,,ju*4 ,,agripp9a ,miss ,,agnes ,,/]l+4 ,,lupus ,miss ,,paul9e ,l',,allem&4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 ! h\se ( ,epi*>is1 a c\rtesan1 :i* is a r5dezv\s = ! dissolute ,roman nobles4 ,! gue/s assembl$ s+ a *orus 9 praise ( ! e/abli%m5t1 foll[$ by a sc5e 9 :i* ,v9dex1 ! pr9ce ( ,aquitania1 ,saccus ! poet1 ,t]p&] ! ci?>i/1 & o!rs conspire aga9/ ,n]o4 ,sudd5ly ,*rysa1 daught] ( ,epi*>is1 :o is ignorant ( h] "m's real "* & dwells ap>t f h]1 ru%es 9 & implores ! protection ( ,v9dex f a cr[d ( revell]s :o h pursu$ h]4 ,a v spirit$ duet foll[s 9 :i* ! pr9ce promises h] 8 assi/ance4 ,^u he>+ ! %\ts ( h] pursu]s he conceals h] j 9 "t to escape ! mask$ b&1 head$ by ,n]o himself1 :i* bur/s into ! ap>tm5t4 ,! tyrant dem&s ! girl2 & z he ?r[s (f 8 mask ! gue/s /& amaz$4 ,saccus at la/ breaks ! spell by ! sugge/ion t ,n]o %all m>ry ! girl4 ,:5 %e is l$ out1 & ,v9dex discov]s t ,epi*>is is h] "m1 he no long] esp\ses h] cause4 ,!n foll[s ! music ( ! mock m>riage1 int]sp]s$ ) dance /ra9s & s>donic *oruses by ! c\rtesans & _! associates1 at la/ ris+ to a wild bac*analian fr5zy1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ,v9dex breaks out 9 a spirit$ song1 ) h>p accompanim5t1 & f9ally hurls invectives at ,n]o1 z ,*rysa1 :o has drunk a n>cotic at h] "m's ord]1 falls s5seless4 ,! latt] decl>es %e has be5 poison$1 & ! act closes ) a sc5e ( great p[] 9 :i* ,v9dex is hurri$ away z ,n]o's prison]4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! dwell+ ( ,poppoea1 ,n]o's mi/ress1 ^: att5dants are try+ to console h]4 ,%e has he>d ( ,n]o's new infatuation2 b h] appreh5sions are reliev$ :5 ,balbillus1 ! a/rolog]1 ent]s & n only ann\nces t ,*rysa is dead1 b tells ! equally grateful news t ,octavia1 ,n]o's wife1 has be5 condemn$ to die4 ,n]o himself n[ appe>s ^u ! sc5e1 & a duet foll[s 9 :i* ,poppoea reproa*es him = 8 fickl5ess & he seeks to console h] ) flatt]y4 ,at its close ! dea? ( ,octavia is ann\nc$1 & ,poppoea is appeas$ by ! prospect ( %>+ ! ?rone4 ,mean:ile ,*rysa has fall5 into ! cu/ody ( ,agripp9a1 ,n]o's "m1 :o keeps close *>ge ( h] to fur!r h] own ambitions4 ,dur+ ! int]view betwe5 ! tyrant & 8 mi/ress1 ,epi*>is ru%es 9 & implores ,n]o to give up ,*rysa1 :i* leads to a p[]ful ensemble4 ,le>n+ t ,*rysa is /ill alive he leaves ! ap>tm5t to f9d h]4 ,! second sc5e is brilliantly spectacul>4 ,n]o & 8 "m appe> 9 front ( ! temple1 foll[$ by a long procession to ! music ( a brilliant m>*4 ,!y ent] ! temple4 ,aft] a %ort episode1 9 :i* ,poppoea in=ms ,epi*>is ( ! refuge ,*rysa has f\nd1 ! ballet is giv5 9 ! op5 squ>e1 ) its fasc9at+ dances ( w>riors1 bac*antes1 juggl]s & buffoons1 & _! mimic combats1 ! music ( :i* is v famili> f its frequ5t p]=mance 9 our conc]t-rooms4 ,n]o !n appe>s & ann\nces 8 div9ity 9 a f9ale1 :i* is ri* ) sc5ic1 spectacul>1 & *oral effects1 accompani$ by full milit>y b& & or*e/ra4 ,! ?ird act op5s 9 ,*rysa's new asylum ( refuge4 ,! p]secut$ girl s+s a beautiful pray]1 at ! close ( :i* ,v9dex jo9s h] 9 a love-duet1 :i* w always rema9 z "o ( ! mo/ ref9$ & noble products ( ,rub9/e9's skill 9 h>mony4 ,! next numb] is "o ( almo/ equal beauty1--a duet = ,*rysa & ,epi*>is1 ! motive ( :i* is a cradle song4 ,its soo?+ tones are int]rupt$ by ! appe>ance ( ,n]o1 foll[$ by ,poppoea & ,saccus1 ! la/-nam$ ann\nc+ to ! tyrant t ,rome is 9 flames1 :i* leads up to a vigor\s trio4 ,! conclud+ sc5e is full ( *>act]i/ic music4 ,x %[s u ,n]o wat*+ ! fire f 8 t[]1 :ile he s+s a hymn 7,o ,ilion7 to ! accompanim5t ( 8 lyre2 ! dea? ( ,*rysa1 :o proclaims h]self a ,*ri/ian & is kill$ by ! infuriat$ populace2 & ! fate ( ,epi*>is1 :o is cru%$ b5ea? a fall+ h\se z %e m\rns = h] daught]4 ,! f\r? act furni%es a dramatic d5\em5t to ! m\rnful /ory4 ,! tyrant1 wild ) rage & fr5zy1 appe>s 9 ! tomb ( ,augu/us1 :]e ! %ades ( 8 murd]$ victims t]rify him4 ,saccus ent]s & tells him ( ! revolt ( 8 army & ! dang] :i* ?reat5s him4 ,he ru%es out aga9 & kills himself on ! highway ( ! ,campagna1 j z ,v9dex at ! head ( 8 legions comes up ) him4 ,z he expires a cross appe>s 9 ! sky & a *ant is he>d1 h]ald ( ! com+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,,?omas4 ,*>les ,ambroise ,?omas 0 born at ,metz1 ,aug4 #e1 #ahaa1 & ent]$ ! ,p>is ,cons]vatory 9 #ahbh1 :]e he c>ri$ (f ! ,gr& ,prize 9 #ahcb1 :i* entitl$ him to g to ,italy4 ,dur+ 8 ,italian resid5ce he wrote a cantata1 ,h]mann und ,ketty1 & sev]al in/rum5tal works4 ,8 fir/ "w at ! ,op]a ,comique 0 ! "o-act op]a1 ,la d\ble e*elle1 produc$ 9 #ahcg ) success4 ,he !n br\ght out sev]al ballets at ! ,academie1 b return$ to ! ,op]a ,comique aga91 :]e1 betwe5 #ahdj & #ahff1 he compos$ ?irte5 op]as1 ! mo/ successful ( :i* 7 ,le ,songe d'une nuit d'ete 7#ahej71 ,raymond 7#ahea71 ,psy*e 7#aheg71 & ,mignon 7#ahff74 ,dur+ ?is p]iod he also wrote a l>ge numb] ( cantatas1 *oruses1 "p-songs1 & in/rum5tal works4 ,8 next great "w 0 ,hamlet1 fir/ produc$ ,m>* #i1 #ahfh1 ! success ( :i* ga9$ him ! position ( ,director ( ! ,cons]vatory 9 #ahga4 ,s9ce t "t he has writt5 only ! op]a ,francoise de ,rim9i1 p]=m$ ,april #ad1 #ahhb4 ,9 #ahhj he 0 made a memb] ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,9 common ) ,g\nod he n[ %>es ! honor ( be+ "o ( ! few ,fr5* writ]s :o hold a high rank among mod]n compos]s4 ,,mignon ,mignon1 an op]a comique 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,b>bi] & ,c>re1 ! subject tak5 f ,goe!'s ,wilhelm ,mei/]1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,op]a ,comique1 ,p>is1 ,nov4 #ag1 #ahff1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,mignon ,mme4 ,,galli-,,m>ie4 ,,wilhelm ,,mei/] ,m4 ,,a*>d4 ,,la]tes ,m4 ,,cond]s4 ,,lot>io ,m4 ,,bataille4 ,,fil9a ,mme4 ,,cabel4 ,! sc5e ( ! fir/ two acts is laid 9 ,g]many1 & ( ! ?ird 9 ,italy4 ,mignon1 ! h]o9e1 9 h] *ildhood 0 /ol5 by gypsies4 ,%e is ( noble bir?4 ,! "m di$ %ortly aft] h] b]eavem5t1 & ! fa!r1 disguis$ z ! h>p] ,lot>io1 has w&]$ = ye>s 9 que/ ( 8 daught]4 ,! op]a op5s 9 ! y>d ( a ,g]man inn1 :]e a tr\pe ( actors1 among !m ,fil9a & ,la]tes1 are re/+1 on _! way to ! ca/le ( a neighbor+ pr9ce1 :]e !y are to give a p]=mance4 ,a /roll+ gypsy b& arrives ab\t ! same "t1 & /ops to give an ent]ta9m5t to ! gue/s4 ,mignon1 :o is ) ! b&1 is ord]$ to p]=m ! egg dance1 b1 worn out ) fatigue & abusive treatm5t1 refuses4 ,gi>no1 ! lead]1 ru%es at h]1 b ! old h>p] int]poses 9 h] behalf4 ,gi>no !n turns ^u ,lot>io1 :5 ! w&]+ /ud5t1 ,wilhelm ,mei/]1 sudd5ly appe>s & rescues bo? ,mignon & ! h>p]4 ,to save h] f any fur!r p]secution he engages h] z 8 page1 & foll[s on 9 ! suite ( ,fil9a1 = :om he conceives a viol5t & sudd5 passion4 ,t\*$ by 8 k9d att5tions to h]1 ,mignon falls 9 love ) ,wilhelm1 :o1 ignorant ( 8 page's affection1 becomes m & m a prey to ! fasc9ations ( ,fil9a4 ,at la/ ! tr\pe arrives at ! ca/le1 ,wilhelm & ,mignon ) !m4 ,wilhelm ent]s ) ! o!rs1 leav+ ,mignon to await him outside4 ,madd5$ ) jeal\sy1 %e attempts to ?r[ h]self into a lake ne> by1 b is re/ra9$ by ! notes ( ,lot>io's h>p4 ,%e ru%es to him = c\nsel & protection1 & 9 h] despair invokes v5geance ^u all 9 ! ca/le4 ,z ! ent]ta9m5t closes1 ,fil9a & h] tr\pe em]ge1 joyful ov] _! great success4 ,%e s5ds ,mignon back = "s fl[]s %e has left1 :5 sudd5ly flames appe> 9 ! w9d[s4 ,madd5$ by 8 own grief & ,mignon's tr\bles ,lot>io has fir$ ! ca/le4 ,wilhelm ru%es into ! burn+ build+ & br+s out ! unconsci\s ,mignon 9 8 arms4 ,! la/ act op5s 9 ,lot>io's home 9 ,italy1 :i!r ,mignon has be5 tak51 foll[$ by ,wilhelm1 :o has discov]$ h] devot$ atta*m5t to him1 & has fre$ himself f ! fasc9ations ( ,fil9a4 ,?r\gh ! m$ium ( a long-conceal$ casket conta9+ a girdle :i* ,mignon _h worn 9 h] *ildhood1 also by a pray] :i* %e repeats1 & ! picture ( h] "m1 ,lot>io is at la/ conv9c$ t %e is 8 daught]1 & gives 8 bless+ to h] union ) ,wilhelm4 ,! ov]ture recites ! lead+ motives ( ! "w4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a fre% & melodi\s *orus ( ! t[nspeople ov] _! be] 9 ! inn y>d 7,su borghesi e magnati74 ,dur+ _! s++ a *>act]i/ic m>* is he>d1 & ! gypsy b& ent]s4 ,! sc5e is a *>m+ "o1 ! little ballet be+ made /ill m picturesque by ! fre% *orus & a song ( ,fil9a's 9 waltz "t4 ,! sc5e ( ! enc\nt] ) ,gi>no & ,mignon's rescue foll[s1 & leads up to a v spirit$ qu9tet1 :i* is foll[$ by a graceful trio betwe5 ,wilhelm1 ,fil9a1 & ,la]tes1 ! actor4 ,9 ! next sc5e ,wilhelm que/ions ,mignon z to h] hi/ory1 & at ! end ( _! pa!tic duet1 :5 he says1 ,7 ,i to break ?y *a9s & set !e free1 to :at belov$ spot w\ld/ ?\ take ?y way8 %e replies 9 ! beautiful romanza1 ,non conosci il bel suol1 m famili>ly kn[n 9 ,goe!'s own words1 ,k5n/ du das ,l&1--a song full ( t5d] beauty & r>e expression1 & "o ( ! mo/ delightful inspirations ( any compos]4 ,x is said t mu* ( its *>m comes f ! compos]'s /udy ( ,ary ,s*eff]'s picture ( ,mignon4 ,be ?is z x may1 he has caught ! inn] s5se ( ! poem1 & express$ x 9 exquisite tones4 ,x is foll[$ almo/ imm$iately by a duet betwe5 ,mignon & ,lot>io 7,leggiadre rond9elle7 ( almo/ equal beauty1 kn[n z ! ,swall[ duet4 ,aft] a some:at un9t]e/+ sc5e betwe5 ,la]tes1 ,fil9a1 & ,fr$]ick1 :o is also 9 love ) ,fil9a1 ! f9ale beg9s ) ! dep>ture ( ! actors to fulfil _! engagem5t1 9 :i* ,fil9a1 9 a graceful aria 7,grazie al g5til signor71 invites ,wilhelm to be ( ! numb]4 ,! second act op5s 9 ,fil9a's b\doir1 :]e %e is at h] toilet1 array+ h]self = h] "p z ,titania 9 ! =?com+ p]=mance ( ! ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream at ! ca/le4 ,z ,wilhelm & ,mignon ent] ! ap>tm5t1 a v dramatic conv]sation ensues betwe5 !m 9 ! =m ( a t]zetto 7,ohime quell' acre riso74 ,mignon is 9 despair at ! att5tion ,wilhelm pays ,fil9a1 & ! latt] adds to h] pangs by s++ ) him a gay coquetti% aria 7,gai complim5ti74 ,z !y leave ! room ,mignon goes to ! mirror & beg9s adorn+ h]self z ,fil9a _h done1 hop+ !reby to attract ,wilhelm1 s++ mean:ile a *>act]i/ic song 7,conosco un z+>ello7 ) a peculi> refra91 :i* ! compos] himself calls ! ,/yri5ne4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ popul> numb]s 9 ! op]a1 & :5 fir/ sung 9 ,p>is made a furor4 ,at ! end ( ! sc5e ,mignon goes into a cab9et to procure "o ( ,fil9a's dresses1 & ! lovelorn ,fr$]ick ent]s & s+s 8 only numb] 9 ! op]a1 a bewit*+ rondo gavotte 7,fil9a nelle sale74 ,wilhelm ent]s1 & a qu>rel betwe5 ! jeal\s pair is prev5t$ by ! sudd5 appe>ance ( ,mignon 9 ,fil9a's f9]y4 ,%e ru%es betwe5 !m1 ,fr$]ick makes 8 exit 9 a fume1 & ,wilhelm ann\nces to ,mignon 8 int5tion to leave h]1 9 ! aria1 ,addio1 ,mignon1 fa core1 "o ( ! mo/ pa!tic songs 9 ! mod]n op]a4 ,9 ! next sc5e %e te>s (f h] f9]y & ru%es out express+ h] hatr$ ( ,fil9a4 ,! sc5e n[ *anges to ! p>k surr\nd+ ! ca/le :]e ! ent]ta9m5t is go+ on4 ,mignon he>s ! laught] & clapp+ ( h&s1 & ov]come ) despair attempts to ?r[ h]self into ! lake1 b is re/ra9$ by ,lot>io1 & a beautiful duet ensues betwe5 !m 7,s(f]to hai tu874 ,9 ! next sc5e ,fil9a1 ! actors1 & _! tra9 ( foll[]s em]ge f ! ca/le1 & 9 ! mid/ ( _! joy %e s+s ! polacca1 ,ah6 p] /ass]a1 :i* is a p]fect feu de joie ( sp>kl+ music1 clos+ ) a brilliant cad5za4 ,! f9ale1 :i* is v dramatic1 describes ! burn+ ( ! ca/le & ! rescue ( ,mignon4 ,! la/ act is m dramatic ?an musical1 ?\gh x conta9s a few delightful numb]s1 among !m ! *orus b>c>ole 9 ! fir/ sc5e1 ,orsu1 sciogliam le vela1 a song by ,wilhelm 7,ah6 non cr$ea71 & ! love duet1 ,ah6 son felice1 betwe5 ,wilhelm & ,mignon1 9 :i* is he>d aga9 ! cad5za ( ,fil9a's polacca4 ,mignon has always be5 a success1 & w unque/ionably always keep its place on ! /age1--long] ev5 ?an ! compos]'s m ambiti\s works1 ,hamlet & ,francoise de ,rim9i1 by virtue ( its picturesqu5ess & poetic grace1 z well z by ! fre%ness1 w>m?1 & ri*ness ( its melodies4 ,9 ?is c\ntry op]a-go]s w long rememb] ,mignon by ! great successes made by ,miss ,kellogg z ,fil9a1 & by ,mme4 ,lucca & ,mme4 ,nilsson 9 ! title-role4 ,,v]di4 ,giuseppi ,v]di 0 born at ,roncale1 ,italy1 ,oct4 #i1 #ahac4 ,he display$ 8 musical tal5t at a v e>ly age2 inde$1 9 8 t5? ye> he 0 appo9t$ organi/ 9 8 native t[n4 ,he !n /udi$ = a "t at ,busseto1 & aft]w>ds1 by ! help ( a patron1 ,m4 ,b>ezzi1 w5t to ,milan4 ,curi\sly en\gh he 0 refus$ a s*ol>%ip on ! gr\nd t he display$ no aptitude = music4 ,no?+ daunt$1 he /udi$ privately ) ! compos] ,lavigne1 & five ye>s aft]w>ds comm5c$ 8 c>e] z an op]atic writ]4 ,8 fir/ op]a1 ,ob]to1 0 giv5 at ,la ,scala1 ,milan1 ) indiff]5t success4 ,he 0 n fairly recogniz$ until 8 op]a ,i ,lomb>di 0 p]=m$4 ,9 #ahdd ,ernani 0 receiv$ ) great en?usiasm4 ,attila 7#ahdf7 0 8 next great triumph2 & !n foll[$ 9 rapid succession a l>ge numb] ( op]as1 among !m3 ,i ,masnadi]i 7#ahdg71 writt5 = ! ,engli% /age1 ) ,j5ny ,l9d1 ,labla*e1 & ,g>doni 9 ! ca/2 ,luisa ,mill] 7#ahdi72 ,/ifellio 7#ahea72 ,rigoletto 7#ahea72 ,il ,trovatore1 ,rome 7#ahec72 ,la ,traviata1 ,v5ice 7#ahec72 ,i ,vespri ,siciliani1 ,p>is 7#ahee72 ,simon ,boccanegra1 ,v5ice 7#aheg72 ,un ,ballo 9 ,mas*]a1 ,rome 7#aheh72 ,la ,=za del ,de/9o1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7#ahfb72 ,don ,c>los1 ,p>is 7#ahfg71 & ,aida1 8 la/ op]a1 ,cairo 7#ahga74 ,s9ce t "t ,v]di has produc$ no?+ b a ,pat] ,no/] & an ,ave ,m>ia 7#ahhj71 & ! ,requiem1 compos$ 9 memory ( ! patriot ,manzoni1 & produc$ at ,milan 9 #ahgd1 on ! occasion ( ! anniv]s>y ( 8 dea?4 ,x has be5 report$ t he is at "w ^u a new op]a1 ,o!llo1 ! words by ,arrigo ,boito1 ! compos] ( ,mephi/opheles2 b no?+ m ?an ! report has be5 he>d f x dur+ ! pa/ ?ree or f\r ye>s4 ,! great melodi/ n[ sp5ds a v quiet life z a c\ntry g5tleman ^u 8 e/ates ne> ,busseto4 ,,ernani4 ,ernani1 a tragic op]a 9 f\r acts1 words by ,f4,m4 ,piave1 ! subject tak5 f ,victor ,hugo's trag$y ( ,h]nani1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,v5ice1 ,m>* #i1 #ahdd4 ,! e>li] p]=mances ( ! op]a gave ! compos] mu* tr\ble4 ,be=e ! fir/ production ! police int]f]$1 refus+ to all[ ! repres5tation ( a conspiracy on ! /age1 s t _m p>ts ( ! libretto1 z well z mu* ( ! music1 _h to be *ang$4 ,! bl[+ ( ,don ,silva's horn 9 ! la/ act 0 also object$ to by "o ,c\nt ,moc5igo1 ^u ! s+ul> gr\nd t x 0 disgraceful4 ,! ,c\nt1 h[ev]1 0 sil5c$ m easily ?an ! police4 ,! *orus ,si ride/i il ,leon di ,ca/iglia also ar\s$ a political manife/ation by ! ,v5etians4 ,! op]a 0 giv5 9 ,p>is1 ,jan4 #f1 #ahdf1 & !re x enc\nt]$ ! ho/ility ( ,victor ,hugo1 :o dem&$ t ! libretto %\ld be *ang$4 ,to accommodate ! irate poet1 ! words 7 alt]$1 ! *>act]s 7 *ang$ to ,italians1 & ! new title ( ,,ii ,proscritto 0 giv5 to ! "w4 ,! action ( ! op]a takes place 9 ,arragon1 ,spa91 & ! p]iod is #aeai4 ,elvira1 a noble ,spani% lady1 betro!d to ! gr&ee ,don ,gomez de ,silva1 is 9 love ) ! b&it ,ernani1 :o =ms a plan to c>ry h] (f4 ,:ile receiv+ ! congratulations ( h] fri5ds ^u h] approa*+ m>riage ) ,silva1 ,don ,c>los1 ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 ent]s h] ap>tm5t1 decl>es 8 passion = h]1 & tries to =ce h] f ! ca/le4 ,%e cries = help1 & ,ernani comes to h] rescue & defies ! k+4 ,! situation is /ill fur!r complicat$ by ! sudd5 arrival ( ,silva1 :o decl>es he w av5ge ! insult4 ,f9d+1 h[ev]1 t x is ! ,k+ :om he has *all5g$1 he sues = p>don4 ,9 ! second act1 z ! nuptials are ab\t to be solemniz$1 ,ernani ent]s1 disguis$ z a pilgrim1 & believ+ ,elvira false to him1 ?r[s (f 8 disguise & dem&s to be giv5 up to ! ,k+1 :i* ,silva refuses1 z he _c betray a gue/4 ,discov]+1 h[ev]1 t ,elvira & ,ernani are atta*$ to ea* o!r1 he det]m9es on v5geance4 ,! ,k+ ev5tually c>ries (f ,elvira z a ho/age ( ! fai? ( ,silva1 :]eupon ! latt] *all5ges ,ernani4 ,! b&it refuses to fight ) him1 in=ms him t ! ,k+ is also 8 rival1 & asks to %>e 9 8 v5geance1 promis+ 9 turn to give up 8 life :5 ,silva calls = x1 & pres5t+ him ) a horn :i* he is to s\nd :5ev] he wi%es to h ! promise kept4 ,9 ! ?ird act1 ! ,k+1 aw>e t ! conspirators are to meet 9 ! catacombs ( ,aquisgrana1 conceals himself !re1 & :5 ! assass9s meet to decide :o %all kill him1 he sudd5ly appe>s among !m & condemns ! nobles to be s5t to ! block4 ,ernani1 :o is a duke1 "u ! ban ( ! ,k+ ( ,ca/ile1 dem&s ! "r to jo9 !m1 b ! ,k+ magnanim\sly p>dons ! conspirators & cons5ts to ! union ( ,ernani & ,elvira4 ,^u ! v eve ( _! happ9ess1 & 9 ! mid/ ( _! fe/ivities1 ! fatal horn is he>d1 & true to 8 promise ,ernani p>ts f ,elvira & kills himself4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a spirit$ *orus ( b&itti & m\nta9e]s 7,allegri1 beviami7 z !y are dr9k+ & gambl+ 9 _! m\nta9 retreat4 ,ernani appe>s ^u a neighbor+ height & ann\nces himself 9 a despond5t aria 7,come rugiada al cespite74 ,a brief snat* ( *orus int]v5es1 :5 he breaks out 9 a second & m passionate /ra9 7,dell' esilio nel dolore71 9 :i* he s+s ( 8 love = ,elvira4 ,! ?ird sc5e op5s 9 ,elvira's ap>tm5ts1 & is introduc$ ) "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ,v]di's arias1 ,ernani1 involami1 ) :i* all conc]t-go]s h become acqua9t$ by its frequ5t repetition4 ,a graceful *orus ( h] ladies be>+ gifts leads to a second & m florid numb] 7,tutto sprezzo *e d' ,ernani74 ,don ,c>los ent]s1 & 9 ! sev5? sc5e has an aria 7,bella come un primo amore7 9 :i* he decl>es 8 passion = ,elvira1 lead+ up to a v dramatic duet betwe5 !m 7,fi]o sangue d' ,aragona74 ,?is is foll[$ 9 turn by a trio betwe5 ! two & ,ernani4 ,! f9ale comm5ces ) an impressive & sonor\s bass solo 7,infelice6 e tuo cr$evi7 by ,silva1 & closes ) a septet & *orus ( great p[]4 ,! second act1 l ! fir/1 op5s ) a *orus1 ?is "t1 h[ev]1 ( mix$ voices1 ! p[] ( :i* is amplifi$ by a milit>y b& on ! /age4 ,aft] ?ree sc5es ( dramatic dialogue1 an impassion$ duet 7,ah6 morir potessi adesso67 occurs betwe5 ,ernani & ,elvira1 foll[$ by a second1 ( great dramatic int5sity1 9 ! sev5? sc5e 7,la v5detta piu trem5da74 ,! f9ale beg9s ) a spirit$ appeal by ,silva & ,ernani = v5geance aga9/ ! ,k+ 7,9 arcione1 cavali]i7 :i* is met by a /irr+ response f _! foll[]s 7,pronti v$i li tuoi cavali]i71 sung by full male *orus & clos+ ! act4 ,! ?ird act is devot$ to ! conspiracy1 & 9 ! second sc5e ,don ,c>los has a v impressive & at times ?rill+ soliloquy 7,gran ,dio6 co/o sui sepolcrali m>mi74 ,! conspiracy !n beg9s ) v *>act]i/ic accompanim5ts1 clos+ ) ! *orus 9 full h>mony 7,si ride/i il ,leon di ,ca/iglia71 :i* at ! p]=mance ( ! "w 9 ,v5ice r\s$ su* a fury among ! ,v5etians4 ,! f9ale comm5ces ) ! appe>ance ( ,don ,c>los among ! conspirators1 & closes ) ! great sextet & *orus1 ,o ,sommo ,c>lo4 ,op5+ ) a b>ytone solo1 x is gradually work$ up 9 a cresc5do ( great p[] & ?rill+ effect4 ,! numb] is v famili> f its ,engli% sett+ "u ! title1 ,cr[n$ ) ! ,tempe/4 ,! f\r? act rapidly hurries to ! tragic close1 & is less int]e/+ f a musical po9t ( view1 z ! climax 0 rea*$ 9 ! f9ale ( ! ?ird4 ,! pr9cipal numb]s are ! *orus ( masks 9 ! fir/ sc5e 7,o come felici71 accompani$ by milit>y b&1 & ! great duet betwe5 ,elvira & ,ernani 7,cess>o i suoni71 :i* passes f raptur\s ec/asy to ! despair ( fate 7,p] noi d' amore il talamo7 z ! horn ( ,silva is he>d1 rem9d+ ,ernani ( 8 promise4 ,?\gh "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ,v]di's works1 ,ernani is "o ( 8 /ronge/ 9 dramatic int5sity1 9 ! brilliancy & p[] ( its conc]t$ f9ales1 & 9 ! beauty ( its great *orus effects4 ,,rigoletto4 ,rigoletto1 an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,piave1 ! subject tak5 f ,victor ,hugo's trag$y1 ,le ,roi s'amuse1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,v5ice1 ,m>* #aa1 #ahea4 ,! "p ( ,gilda has always be5 a favorite "o ) great arti/s1 among :om ,nanti]-,didiee1 ,bosio1 & ,miolan-,c>valho play$ ! role ) extraord9>y success4 ,9 ! ,london season ( #ahfj ,m>io & ,ronconi 9 ! respective p>ts ( ! ,duke & ,rigoletto1 x is said1 gave dramatic portraitures :i* 7 among ! mo/ consummate a*ievem5ts ( ! lyric /age4 ,! records ( its fir/ production1 l ^? ( ,ernani1 are ( unusual int]e/4 ,v]di himself sugge/$ ,victor ,hugo's trag$y to ,piave = a libretto1 & he soon prep>$ "o1 *ang+ ! orig9al title1 h[ev]1 to ,la ,mal$izione4 ,w>n$ by ! political ev5ts ( #ahdh1 ! police flatly refus$ to all[ ! repres5tation ( a k+ on ! /age 9 su* situations z ^? giv5 to ,francis ,i4 9 ! orig9al trag$y4 ,! compos] & ! manag] ( ! !atre begg$ 9 va9 t ! libretto %\ld be accept$1 b ! au?orities 7 ob/9ate4 ,at la/ a way 0 f\nd out ( ! difficulty by ! *ief ( police himself1 :o 0 a great lov] ( art4 ,he sugge/$ to ! libretti/ t ! ,k+ %\ld be *ang$ to a duke ( ,mantua1 & ! title ( ! "w to ,rigoletto1 ! "n ( ! buffoon :o figures 9 ! place ( ! orig9al ,trib\let4 ,v]di accept$ ! alt]ations1 & _h an op]a ready 9 =ty days :i* by ne>ly all critics is consid]$ 8 musical ma/]piece1 not)/&+ ! revolt+ "* ( ! /ory4 ,! sc5e ( ! op]a is laid 9 ,mantua4 ,rigoletto1 ! privileg$ buffoon ( ! ,duke1 :o also plays ! "p ( p&] 9 all 8 lic5ti\s s*emes1 among num]\s o!r misde$s has assi/$ 8 ma/] 9 ! s$uction ( ! wife ( ,c\nt ,ceprano & ! daught] ( ,c\nt ,mont]one4 ,! latt] appe>s be=e ! ,duke & ,rigoletto1 & dem&s rep>ation = ! di%onor put ^u 8 h\se1 only to f9d himself arre/$ by ord] ( ! ,duke1 & taunt$ 9 ! mo/ insol5t mann] by ! buffoon1 ^u :om he invokes ! v5geance ( ,heav54 ,ev5 ! c\rti]s !mselves are enrag$ at ,rigoletto's taunts1 & det]m9e to assi/ 9 ,mont]one's rev5ge by /eal+ ,gilda1 ! je/]'s daught]1 :om !y suppose to be 8 mi/ress4 ,closely z %e _h be5 conceal$1 %e _h n escap$ ! obs]vation ( ! ,duke1 :o 9 ! guise ( a poor /ud5t w9s h] affections & discov]s h] dwell+-place4 ,pret5d+ t x is ,c\nt ,ceprano's wife :om !y are ab\t to abduct1 !y ev5 make ,rigoletto assi/ 9 ! plot & help convey 8 own daught] to ! ,duke's ap>tm5ts4 ,9 8 bl9d fury :5 he discov]s ! trick t has be5 play$ ^u him1 he hires ,sp>afucile1 a pr(essional assass91 to kill ! ,duke4 ,! bravo allures ! ,duke to 8 h\se1 int5d+ to c>ry out 8 agreem5t2 b 8 si/]1 ,magdal5a1 is s fasc9at$ ) ! h&some /rang]1 t %e det]m9es to save him4 ,sp>afucile at fir/ w n li/5 to h]1 b f9ally promises if any "o else comes to ! h\se be=e ! "t agre$ ^u = ! murd] he %all be ! victim4 ,rigoletto mean:ile disguises 8 daught] 9 male attire 9 ord] t %e may escape to ,v]ona2 b be=e %e sets out he takes h] to ! vic9ity ( ,sp>afucile's h\se1 t %e may witness ! p]fidy ( ! ,duke4 ,:ile outside1 %e ov]he>s ! qu>rel betwe5 ,sp>afucile & ,magdal5a1 & le>ns 8 int5tion to murd] ! ,duke1 :o is ev5 !n sleep+ 9 ! h\se4 ,) a woman's devotion %e spr+s =w>d to save ! ,duke's life1 knocks at ! door1 & dem&s admittance4 ,sp>afucile op5s x1 & z %e ent]s /abs h]4 ,he !n ?ru/s h] body into a sack1 & deliv]s x to h] fa!r z ! body ( ! man :om he _h agre$ to slay4 ,rigoletto1 gloat+ ov] 8 rev5ge1 is ab\t to ?r[ ! sack into ! riv] ne> by1 :5 he sudd5ly he>s ! voice ( ! ,duke4 ,he te>s op5 ! sack to see ^: body x conta9s1 & by ! gl>e ( ! lightn+ is horrifi$ to f9d t x is 8 own daught]1 & realizes t ! mal$iction ( ,mont]one has be5 accompli%$4 ,%e expires 9 8 arms1 bless+ h] lov] & fa!r1 :ile he s9ks to ! gr\nd ov]:elm$ ) ! fulfilm5t ( ! t]rible curse4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 ! ball-room ( ! ducal palace4 ,aft] a brief dialogue betwe5 ! ,duke & "o ( 8 c\rti]s1 ! =m] vaunts 8 own fickl5ess 9 "o ( ! mo/ graceful & *>m+ arias 9 ! :ole op]a 7,que/a o quella74 ,"s spirit$ dramatic sc5es foll[1 :i* introduce ! mal$iction ( ,mont]one & ! compact betwe5 ,rigoletto & ,sp>afucile1 & lead up to a sc5a ( great p[] 7,io la l+ua1 egli ha il pugnali71 9 :i* ! buffoon v5ts 8 furi\s rage aga9/ ! c\rti]s4 ,a t5d] duet betwe5 ,rigoletto & ,gilda foll[s1 & a second duet 9 ! next sc5e betwe5 ,gilda & ! ,duke 7,addio1 sp]anza ed anima71 :i* = natural grace1 passionate int5sity1 & f]vid expression is "o ( ,v]di's f9e/ numb]s4 ,z ! ,duke leaves1 ,gilda1 foll[+ him ) h] eyes1 breaks out 9 ! passionate love-song1 ,c>o nome1 :i* is n alone rem>kable = its delicacy & ri*ness ( melody1 b also = ! brilliancy ( its bravura1 call+ = r>e range & flexibility ( voice4 ,! act closes ) ! abduction1 & gives an opportunity = a delightful male *orus 7,zitti1 zitti7 sung pianissimo4 ,! second act also op5s 9 ! palace1 ) an aria by ! ,duke 7,p>mi v$] le lagrime71 9 :i* he lam5ts ! loss ( ,gilda4 ,ano!r f9e *orus 7,scorr5do uniti remota via7 foll[s1 f :i* he le>ns t ,gilda is already 9 ! palace4 ,9 ! f\r? sc5e ,rigoletto has ano!r gr& sc5a 7,cortigiani vil razza dannata71 :i* is int5sely dramatic1 express+ 9 its musical alt]nations ! :ole gamut ( emotions1 f ! fury ( despair to ! mo/ exquisite t5d]ness ( appeal z he pleads ) ! c\rti]s to tell him :]e 8 daught] is4 ,9 ! next sc5e he discov]s h]1 & ! act closes ) a duet betwe5 !m 7,tutte le fe/e al tempio71 :i*1 aft] a /ra9 ( mo/ impassion$ t5d]ness1 is int]rupt$ by ! passage ( ! gu>ds convey+ ,mont]one to prison1 & !n closes ) a furi\s outbur/ ( passion f ,rigoletto4 ,) ! exception ( two numb]s1 ! la/ act dep5ds = its effect ^u ! dramatic situations & ! great p[] ( ! t]rible d5\em5t2 b ^! two numb]s are among ! f9e/ ,v]di has ev] giv5 to ! _w4 ,! fir/ is ! t5or solo sung 9 ,sp>afucile's h\se 9 ! second sc5e by ! ,duke1--,la donna e mobile1 an aria ( extreme elegance & graceful ab&on1 :i* is he>d aga9 9 ! la/ sc5e1 its lightly tripp+ measures contra/+ /rangely ) ! savage glee ( ,rigoletto1 s soon to *ange to wails ( despair z he realizes ! full =ce ( ! mal$iction4 ,! second is ! great qu>tet 9 ! ?ird sc5e betwe5 ! ,duke1 ,gilda1 ,magdal5a1 & ,rigoletto 7,bella figlia dell' amore71 :i* /&s out z an inspiration 9 comp>ison ) ! re/ ( ! op]a1 f9e z its music is4 ,! /ory itself is almo/ too repulsive = /age repres5tation2 b 9 beauty1 fre%ness1 orig9ality1 & dramatic expression ! music ( ,rigoletto is ,v]di's be/2 & 9 all ?is music ! qu>tet is ! ma/]piece4 ,,la ,,traviata4 ,la ,traviata1 an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,piave1 is f\nd$ ^u ,dumas's ,dame aux ,camelias1 famili> to ! ,engli% /age z ,camille4 ,! orig9al play is suppos$ to repres5t phases ( mod]n ,fr5* life2 b ! ,italian libretto *anges ! p]iod to ! ye> #agjj1 9 ! days ( ,l\is ,,xiv42 & !re are also "s mat]ial *anges ( *>act]s1--,m>gu]ite ,gau?i] ( ! orig9al appe>+ z ,violetta ,val]y1 & ,olympia z ,flora ,belvoix1 at ^: h\se ! ball sc5e takes place4 ,! op]a 0 fir/ produc$ at ,v5ice1 ,m>* #f1 #ahec1 ) ! foll[+ ca/ ( ! pr9cipal p>ts3-- ,,violetta ,mme4 ,,donatelli4 ,,alfr$o ,m4 ,,graziani4 ,,g]mont ,m4 ,,v>esi4 ,! op]a at its fir/ production 0 a complete failure1 ?\gh ?is 0 due m to ! s+]s ?an to ! music4 ,x is said t :5 ! doctor ann\nc$ 9 ! ?ird act t ,mme4 ,donatelli1 :o imp]sonat$ ! consumptive h]o9e1 & :o 0 "o ( ! /\te/ ladies ev] se5 on ! /age1 _h b a few days to live1 ! :ole audi5ce broke out into ro>s ( laught]4 ,"t has br\ght its consolations to ! compos]1 h[ev]1 = ,traviata is n[ "o ( ! mo/ popul> op]as 9 ! mod]n rep]tory4 ,:5 x 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,p>is1 ,oct4 #bg1 #ahfd1 ,*ri/9e ,nilsson made h] debut 9 x4 ,9 ,london1 ! *>m+ little s+] ,mme4 ,piccolom9i made h] debut 9 ! same op]a1 ,may #bd1 #ahef4 ,adel9a ,patti1 s9ce t "t1 has n only made ,violetta ! /ronge/ "* 9 h] rep]tory1 b is )\t "q ! mo/ f9i%$ repres5tative ( ! fragile h]o9e ! /age has se54 ,! /ory z told by ! libretti/ simply resolves itself into ?ree pr9cipal sc5es1--! supp] at ,violetta's h\se1 :]e %e makes ! acqua9tance ( ,alfr$1 & ! rupture betwe5 !m occasion$ by ! arrival ( ,alfr$'s fa!r2 ! ball at ! h\se ( ,flora2 & ! dea? sc5e & reconciliation1 l9k$ toge!r by recitative1 s t ! dramatic unity ( ! orig9al is lo/ to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a gay p>ty 9 ,violetta's h\se4 ,among ! cr[d ab\t h] is ,alfr$ ,g]mont1 a "y man f ,prov5ce1 :o is passionately 9 love ) h]4 ,! s9c]ity ( 8 passion f9ally influ5ces h] to turn aside f h] life ( voluptu\s pleasure & to *]i% a simil> s5tim5t = him4 ,9 ! next act we f9d h] liv+ 9 seclusion ) h] lov] 9 a c\ntry-h\se 9 ! environs ( ,p>is1 to support :i* %e has sold h] prop]ty 9 ! city4 ,:5 ,alfr$ discov]s ?is he refuses to be ! recipi5t ( h] b\nty1 & sets out = ,p>is to recov] ! prop]ty4 ,dur+ 8 abs5ce 8 fa!r1 :o has discov]$ 8 retreat1 visits ,violetta1 & pleads ) h] to =sake ,alfr$1 n only on 8 own acc\nt1 b to save 8 family f disgrace4 ,t\*$ by ! fa!r's grief1 %e cons5ts1 & secretly returns to ,p>is1 :]e %e once m resumes h] old life4 ,at a ball giv5 by ,flora ,belvoix1 "o ( ,violetta's associates1 ,alfr$ meets h] aga91 ov]:elms h] ) reproa*es1 & insults h] by fl++ h] m9iature at h] feet 9 pres5ce ( ! :ole company4 ,/ung by h] degradation1 ,violetta goes home to die1 & too late ,alfr$ le>ns ! real sacrifice %e has made4 ,he ha/5s to com=t h]1 b %e dies =giv+ & bless+ him4 ,aft] a %ort prelude ! fir/ act op5s ) a vivaci\s *orus ( ! gue/s at ,violetta's supp]1 lead+ to a dr9k+-song 7,libiamo1 libiamo7 9 waltz "t1 sung fir/ by ,alfr$ & !n by ,violetta1 ! *orus e*o+ ea* c\plet ) v pretty effect4 ,aft] a long dialogue betwe5 ! two1 clos+ ) *orus1 ,violetta has a gr& sc5a :i* is always a favorite %[-piece ) conc]t arti/s4 ,x beg9s ) an &ante movem5t 7,ah6 =s e lui71 expressive ( ! sudd5ly awak5$ love :i* %e feels = ,alfr$1 ) a refra9 ( half a doz5 measures 9 ! f9ale :i* might be call$ ! ,violetta motive1 & !n sudd5ly develops into a brisk & sp>kl+ allegro 7,sempre lib]a7 full ( ! mo/ florid & brilliant ornam5tation1 9 :i* %e aga9 resolves to %ut out e feel+ ( love & plunge into ! :irl ( dissipation4 ,?is numb]1 unlike mo/ ( ,v]di's f9ales :i* are conc]t$1 closes ! act4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! c\ntry-h\se ) an effective t5or aria 7,de' miei boll5ti7 sung by ,alfr$4 ,9 ! next sc5e ,g]mont ent]s1 & aft] a brief dialogue ) ,violetta s+s a %ort cantabile 7,pura siccome un angelo71 lead+ to a duet 7,dite alia giov9e7 ) ,violetta :i* is full ( t5d]ness4 ,9 ! int]view :i* imm$iately foll[s betwe5 ,g]mont & ,alfr$1 ! fa!r appeals to 8 son ) memories ( home 9 an &ante 7,di ,prov5za il m>7 :i* 9 =m & simplicity & simple pa?os ( expression might almo/ be call$ a ballad4 ,x is always a favorite1 & is usually consid]$ ! be/ numb] 9 ! op]a1 not)/&+ its simple melody4 ,! next sc5e *anges to ! ball-room ( ,flora1 & is introduc$ ) a peculi> *orus effect4 ,a mask$ *orus ( gypsies1 accompany+ _! measures ) tamb\r9es1 is foll[$ by a second *orus ( matadors1 also 9 mask1 :o acc5t ! "t ) ! pikes !y c>ry1 ! d\ble numb] end+ ) a gay bol]o4 ,! act closes ) a long duet betwe5 ,violetta & ,alfr$1 develop+ 9 ! f9ale1 by ! entrance ( ,g]mont1 to a v /rong & dramatic trio4 ,! ?ird act op5s 9 ,violetta's *amb] ) a rem9isc5ce ( ! introduction4 ,z %e contemplates h] *ang$ appe>ance 9 ! mirror1 %e bids a sad f>ewell to h] dreams ( happ9ess 9 ! aria1 ,addio6 del passato1 9 h>% contra/ ) :i* is he>d a bac*analian *orus beh9d ! sc5es 7,l>go al quadrup$e74 ,9 ! next sc5e occurs ! passionate duet ) ,alfr$1 ,p>igi1 o c>a1 :i* is a close copy ( ! f9al duet 9 ,trovatore betwe5 ,manrico & ,azuc5a4 ,x is foll[$ by ! aria1 ,ah6 gran ,dio1 = ,violetta1 :i* leads to ! conclud+ qu9tet & dea? sc5e4 ,,il ,,trovatore4 ,,ii ,trovatore1 an op]a 9 f\r acts1 words by ,camm>ano1 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,rome1 ,jan4 #ai1 #ahec4 ,9 #aheg x 0 br\ght out 9 ,p>is z ,le ,tr\v]e1 & 9 ,london1 #ahef1 9 ,engli%1 z ,! ,gypsy's ,v5geance4 ,x 0 produc$ 9 ,rome 9 ! same ye> ) ,la ,traviata1 b unlike ! latt]1 x 0 greet$ at once ) an en?usia/ic welcome2 & x has held ! /age ev] s9ce z "o ( ! mo/ popul> op]as 9 ! mod]n rep]tory4 ,9 ?is reg>d1 inde$1 x %>es ) ,m>?a & ,fau/ ! highe/ place 9 popul> admiration4 ,! op]a op5s ) a midnight sc5e at ! palace ( ,aliaf]ia1 :]e ! old s]vitor1 ,f]r&o1 relates to 8 associates ! /ory ( ! fate ( ,g>zia1 bro!r ( ! ,c\nt di ,luna1 9 ^: s]vice !y are employ$4 ,:ile 9 _! cradles1 ,g>zia 0 bewit*$ by an old gypsy1 & day by day p9$ away4 ,! gypsy 0 burn$ at ! /ake = sorc]y2 & 9 rev5ge ,azuc5a1 h] daught]1 /ole ! sickly *ild4 ,at ! op5+ ( ! op]a 8 fate has n be5 discov]$4 ,z ! s]vitor closes 8 n>rative & he & 8 companions dep>t1 ! ,c\nt di ,luna ent]s & l+]s by ! ap>tm5t ( ! ,du*ess ,leonora1 ) :om he is 9 love4 ,he>+ 8 voice1 ,leonora comes into ! g>d51 suppos+ x is ,manrico ! tr\bad\r1 :om %e _h cr[n$ victor at a rec5t t\rnam5t1 & ( :om %e _h become viol5tly enam\r$4 ,z %e greets ! ,c\nt1 ,manrico appe>s ^u ! sc5e & *>ges h] ) infidelity4 ,recogniz+ h] error1 %e flies to ,manrico = protection4 ,! ,c\nt *all5ges him to combat1 & z !y prep>e to fight %e falls to ! gr\nd ins5sible4 ,9 ! second act we are introduc$ to a gypsy camp1 :]e ,azuc5a relates to ,manrico1 :o has be5 w\nd$ 9 ! duel ) ! ,c\nt1 ! same /ory :i* ,f]r&o _h told 8 fri5ds1 ) ! addition t :5 %e saw h] "m burn+ %e caught up ! ,c\nt's *ild1 int5d+ to ?r[ x into ! flames1 b by a mi/ake sacrific$ h] own infant4 ,z ! /ory concludes1 a mess5g] arrives1 summon+ ,manrico to ! def5ce ( ! ca/le ( ,ca/ell>1 & at ! same "t in=m+ him t ,leonora1 suppos+ him dead1 has gone to a conv5t4 ,he arrives at ! conv5t 9 "t to rescue h] be=e %e takes h] v[s1 & be>s h] to ,ca/ell>1 :i* is at once besieg$ by ! ,c\nt's =ces4 ,! ?ird act op5s 9 ! camp ( ! ,c\nt1 :]e ,azuc5a1 arre/$ z a spy1 is dragg$ 94 ,%e calls ^u ,manrico = help4 ,! m5tion ( 8 rival's "n only adds fuel to ! ,c\nt's wra?1 & he ord]s ! gypsy to be burn$ 9 sight ( ! ca/le4 ,f]r&o has already recogniz$ h] z ! suppos$ murd]] ( ! ,c\nt's bro!r1 & h] filial call to ,manrico also reveals to him t %e is 8 "m4 ,he makes a desp]ate ef=t to rescue h]1 b is defeat$1 tak5 prison]1 & ?r[n into a dungeon ) ,azuc5a4 ,leonora va9ly appeals to ! ,c\nt to sp>e ,manrico1 & at la/ (f]s him h] h& if he w save 8 life4 ,he cons5ts1 & ,leonora ha/5s to ! prison to convey ! tid+s1 hav+ previ\sly tak5 poison1 pref]r+ to die r ?an fulfil h] hateful compact4 ,manrico refuses 8 lib]ty1 & z ,leonora falls 9 a dy+ condition ! ,c\nt ent]s & ord]s ,manrico to be put to dea? at once4 ,he is dragg$ away to execution1 b z ! ,c\nt triumphantly =ces ,azuc5a to a w9d[ & %[s h] ! tragic sc5e1 %e reveals h] secret1 & in=m+ ! horror-/rick5 ,c\nt t he has murd]$ 8 own bro!r1 falls lifeless to ! gr\nd4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a ballad 9 mazurka "t 7,abbietta ,z+>a71 9 :i* ,f]r&o relates ! /ory ( ! gypsy1 lead+ up to a sc5a = ,leonora1 :i* is treat$ 9 ,v]di's favorite /yle4 ,x beg9s ) an &ante 7,tacea la notte placida71 a brief dialogue ) h] att5dant ,inez int]v5+1 & !n develops into an allegro 7,di tale amor7 :i* is a brilliant bit ( bravura4 ,a brief snat* ( fasc9at+ melody beh9d ! sc5es 7,des]to sulla t]ra7 introduces ,manrico1 & ! act closes ) a trio 7,di geloso amor sprezzato71 :i* z an expression ( comb9$ grief1 fe>1 & hate1 is "o ( ! mo/ dramatic & int5se ( all ,v]di's f9ales4 ,! second act op5s ) ! ,anvil *orus 9 ! camp ( ! gypsies 7,la ,z+>ella71 ! measures acc5t$ ) hamm]s ^u ! anvils4 ,?is numb] is s famili> t x does n ne$ fur!r ref]5ce4 ,z its /ra9s die away 9 ! di/ance1 ,azuc5a breaks out into an aria ( int5se en]gy1 ) v expressive accompanim5t 7,/ride le vampa71 9 :i* %e tells ! fe>ful /ory ( ! burn+ ( h] "m4 ,a v dramatic dialogue ) ,manrico ensues1 clos+ ) a spirit$ aria = t5or 7,mai regg5do7 & duet 7,s9o all' elsa74 ,! sc5e is int]rupt$ by ! notes ( a horn ann\nc+ ! arrival ( a mess5g]4 ,! second sc5e is introduc$ by a fl[+1 broad1 & beautifully su/a9$ aria = ! ,c\nt 7,il bal5 del suo71 &1 l ,leonora's numb]s 9 ! g>d5 sc5e1 aga9 develops f a sl[ movem5t to a rapid & spirit$ m>* tempo 7,p] me ora fatale71 ! act clos+ ) a p[]ful conc]t$ effect ( qu>tet & *orus4 ,! ?ird act is introduc$ ) a v free & animat$ soldi]s' *orus4 ,azuc5a is dragg$ 9 & s+s a pla9tive lam5t = ,manrico 7,giorni pov]i74 ,two duets foll[1 betwe5 ,azuc5a & ! ,c\nt1 & ,manrico & ,leonora1--! second work$ up ) beautiful effect by ! bl5d+ ( ! organ 9 ! conv5t *apel4 ,! act closes ) ! spirit$ aria1 ,di quella pira1 = ,manrico1--a numb] :i* has always be5 ! delight ( great dramatic t5ors1 n alone = its f9e melody1 b = its opportunity ( %[+ ! voice & us+ ! exceptional high ,c :i* is introduc$ 9 ! f9ale ( ! aria4 ,! la/ act is replete ) beautiful melodies foll[+ ea* o!r 9 quick succession4 ,x op5s ) a v florid aria = ,leonora 7,d' amor sull' ali rosee71 lead+ to ! exquisite sc5e ( ! ,mis]]e1 ,ah *e la morte1--a numb] :i* has nev] yet fail$ to *>m & ar\se audi5ces ) ! beauty & ri*ness ( its musical effect4 ,z ! ,c\nt ent]s1 ,leonora has ano!r p[]ful aria 7,mira di ac]be71 :i* 9 ! next sc5e is foll[$ by ! famili> duet betwe5 ,azuc5a & ,manrico1 ,si la /an*ezza1 ^u :i* ,v]di lavi%$ 8 musical skill ) *>m+ effect4 ,! la/ sc5e closes ) ! trag$y4 ,! :ole op]a is lib]ally enri*$ ) melodies1 & is dramatic ?r\gh\t2 b ! la/ act is ! cr[n ( ! "w1 & may successfully *all5ge comp>ison1 = beauty1 v>iety1 & dramatic effect1 ) any o!r op]a 9 ! purely ,italian s*ool4 ,,il ,,ballo ,,9 ,,mas*]a4 ,il ,ballo 9 ,mas*]a1 an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 b usually p]=m$ 9 f\r1 words by ,m4 ,somma1 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,rome1 ,feb4 #ag1 #ahei4 ,9 prep>+ 8 "w = ! /age1 ,v]di enc\nt]$ num]\s ob/acles4 ,! libretti/ us$ ! same subject :i* ,m4 ,scribe _h adopt$ = ,aub]'s op]a1 ,gu/avus ,,iii41 & ! op]a 0 at fir/ call$ by ! same "n1--,gu/avo ,,iii4 ,x 0 int5d$ = production at ! ,san ,c>lo1 ,naples1 dur+ ! ,c>nival ( #aheh2 b :ile ! rehe>sals 7 proce$+1 ,ors9i made 8 memorable attempt to kill ,napoleon ,,iii41 & ! au?orities at once =bade a p]=mance ( ! "w1 z x conta9$ a conspiracy sc5e4 ,! compos] 0 ord]$ to set diff]5t words to 8 music1 b he p]emptorily refus$2 :]eupon ! manag] br\ght suit aga9/ him1 claim+ =ty ?\s& doll>s damages4 ,! disappo9tm5t ne>ly incit$ a revolution 9 ,naples4 ,cr[ds ga!r$ 9 ! /reets %\t+1 ,viva ,v]di1 imply+ at ! same "t1 by ! use ( ! lett]s 9 ,v]di's "n1 ! s5tim5t1 ,viva ,vittorio ,emmanuele ,re ,di ,italia4 ,a way out ( 8 difficulties1 h[ev]1 0 f9ally sugge/$ by ! impres>io at ,rome1 :o arrang$ ) ! c5sor%ip to h ! "w br\ght out at ! ,teatro ,apollo z ,un ,ballo 9 ,mas*]a4 ,! sc5e 0 *ang$ to ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 & ! "t laid 9 ! colonial p]iod1 not)/&+ ! ana*ronism t mask$ balls 7 unkn[n at t "t 9 ,new ,engl& hi/ory4 ,! ,sw$i% k+ appe>$ z ,ric>do1 ,c\nt ( ,w>wick & ,gov]nor ( ,bo/on1 & 8 att5dants z ,royali/s & ,puritans1 among !m two negroes1 ,sam & ,tom1 :o are v prom95t among ! conspirators4 ,9 ?is =m1 ! ,romans hav+ no objection to ! assass9ation ( an ,engli% gov]nor1 ! op]a 0 produc$ ) great success4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 ! h\se ( ! ,gov]nor1 :]e a l>ge p>ty1 among !m a gr\p ( conspirators1 is assembl$4 ,dur+ ! meet+ a petition is pres5t$ = ! bani%m5t ( ,ulrico1 a negro sorc]]4 ,urg$ by curiosity1 ! ,gov]nor1 disguis$ z a sailor & accompani$ by "s ( 8 fri5ds1 pays ! old wit* a visit4 ,mean:ile ano!r visit has be5 plann$4 ,amelia1 ! wife ( ! ,gov]nor's secret>y1 meets ! wit* at night 9 que/ ( a rem$y = h] passion = ,ri*>d1 :o ( c\rse has also be5 fasc9at$ by h]4 ,!y arrive ab\t ! same "t1 & he ov]he>s ! wit* tell+ h] to g to a lonely spot1 :]e %e w f9d an h]b pot5t en\gh to cure h] ( h] evil desires4 ,! ,gov]nor foll[s h]1 & dur+ _! int]view ! ,secret>y hurri$ly ru%es ^u ! sc5e to notify him t conspirators are on 8 track4 ,he ?r[s a veil ov] ,amelia's face & ord]s ,re9h>t1 ! ,secret>y1 to conduct h] to a place ( safety )\t seek+ to "k :o %e is4 ,he cons5ts1 & ! ,gov]nor conceals himself 9 ! =e/4 ,! conspirators mean:ile meet ! pair1 & 9 ! confusion ,amelia drops h] veil1 ?us reveal+ h]self to ,re9h>t4 ,furi\s at ! ,gov]nor's p]fidy1 he jo9s ! conspirators4 ,9 ! d5\em5t ! ,secret>y /abs 8 ma/] at a masqu]ade1 & ! latt] :ile dy+ atte/s ! purity ( ,amelia1 & magnanim\sly gives 8 secret>y a commission appo9t+ him to a high position 9 ,engl&4 ,aft] a brief prelude1 ! fir/ act op5s ) a d\ble *orus1 9 :i* ! attitude ( ! fri5ds ( ! ,gov]nor & ! conspirators aga9/ him is /rongly contra/$4 ,9 ! next sc5e ,ri*>d & 8 page1 ,osc>1 ent]2 & aft] a %ort dialogue ,ri*>d s+s a v graceful romanza 7,la riv$ra nell' e/asi71 :i* 9 ! next sc5e is foll[$ by a spirit$ aria = ,re9h>t 7,di sp]anze e glorie pi5a74 ,9 ! f\r? sc5e ,osc> has a v pretty song 7,volta la t]rea71 9 :i* he def5ds ,ulrica aga9/ ! accusations ( ! judge1 lead+ up to a v effective qu9tet & *orus :i* has a flavor ( ! op]a b\ffe /yle4 ,9 grim contra/ ) x comes ! wit* music 9 ! next sc5e 7,re del abisso71 set to a weird accompanim5t4 ,z ! v>i\s p>ties arrive1 a some:at talky trio ensues betwe5 ,amelia1 ,ulrica1 & ,ri*>d1 foll[$ 9 ! next sc5e by a lovely b>c>ole 7,di' tu se f$ele7 sung by ,ri*>d1 lead+ to a beautifully writt5 conc]t$ f9ale full ( %>p dramatic contra/s4 ,! second act op5s ^u a moonlight sc5e on ! spot :]e murd]]s are puni%$2 & ,amelia1 se>*+ = ! magic h]b1 s+s a long dramatic aria 7,ma dall arido7 consi/+ ( abrupt & brok5 measures1 ! or*e/ra fill+ ! gaps ) *>act]i/ic accompanim5t4 ,ri*>d appe>s ^u ! sc5e1 & ! passionate love-duet foll[s1 ,m'ami1 m'ami4 ,! int]view is end$ by ! sudd5 appe>ance ( ,re9h>t1 :o w>ns ! ,gov]nor ( 8 dang]1 ! sc5e tak+ ! =m ( a spirit$ trio 7,odi tu come74 ,a buffo trio closes ! act1 ,sam & ,tom supply+ ! humor\s elem5t ) _! laugh+ refra94 ,! la/ act op5s 9 ,re9h>t's h\se ) a passionate sc5e betwe5 ! ,secret>y & 8 wife1 conta9+ two /rong numb]s1 a m9or &ante 7,morro1 ma prima 9 grazia7 = ,amelia1 & an aria = ,re9h>t 7,o dolcezzo p]dute71 :i* = orig9ality & true arti/ic p[] is wor?y ( be+ class$ z an inspiration4 ,! conspiracy music !n beg9s1 & leads to ! ball sc5e1 :i* is mo/ brilliantly work$ up ) or*e/ra1 milit>y b&1 & /r+$ qu>tet beh9d ! sc5es supply+ ! dance-music1 & ! accompanim5t to ! tragical conspiracy1 9 ! mid/ ( :i*1 l a bright sunbeam1 comes ! page's bewit*+ song1 ,sap] vorre/e4 ,! op]a closes ) ! dea? ( ,ri*>d1 set to a v dramatic accompanim5t4 ,! ,mask$ ,ball 0 ! la/ "w ,v]di wrote = ! ,italian /age1 & ?\gh unev5 9 its g5]al effect1 x conta9s "s ( 8 mo/ orig9al & /rik+ numb]s1--p>ticul>ly ^? allott$ to ! page & ,re9h>t4 ,9 ! int5sity ( ! music & ! /r5g? ( ! situations x is sup]ior ev5 to ,trovatore1 z ! compos] makes 8 effects m legitimately4 ,,aida4 ,aida1 an op]a 9 f\r acts1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,cairo1 ,egypt1 ,dec4 #bg1 #ahga1 & 0 writt5 ^u a commission f ! ,kh$ive ( t c\ntry4 ,! subject ( ! op]a 0 tak5 f a sket*1 orig9ally writt5 9 prose1 by ! director ( ! ,museum at ,b\lak1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds r5d]$ into ,fr5* v]se by ,m4 ,camille de ,locle1 & translat$ !nce into ,italian = ,v]di by ,sig4 ,a4 ,ghizl&oni4 ,x is ! la/ op]a ,v]di has compos$1 & is notable = 8 dep>ture f ! conv5tional ,italian =ms & ! p>tial surr5d] he has made to ! con/antly increas+ influ5ce ( ! s-call$ music ( ! future4 ,! subject is entirely ,egyptian1 & ! music is full ( ,ori5tal color4 ,! action ( ! op]a passes 9 ,memphis & ,!bes1 & ! p]iod is 9 ! "t ( ! ,ph>aohs4 ,aida1 ! h]o9e1 is a slave1 daught] ( ,amonasro1 ! ,k+ ( ,e?iopia1 & at ! op5+ ( ! op]a is 9 captivity among ! ,egyptians4 ,a secret atta*m5t exi/s betwe5 h]self & ,rhadames1 a "y ,egyptian w>rior1 :o is also lov$ by ,amn]is1 daught] ( ! sov]eign ( ,egypt4 ,! latt] suspects t %e has a rival1 b does n discov] h] until ,rhadames returns victori\s f an exp$ition aga9/ ! rebelli\s ,amonasro1 :o is br\ght back a prison]4 ,! second act op5s ) a sc5e betwe5 ,amn]is & ,aida1 9 :i* ! ,pr9cess wre/s ! secret f ! slave by pret5d+ t ,rhadames has be5 kill$2 & ! tru? is /ill fur!r reveal$ :5 ,rhadames pleads ) ! ,k+ to sp>e ! lives ( ! captives4 ,! latt] agrees to release all b ,aida & ,amonasro1 be/[s ! h& ( ,amn]is ^u ! unwill+ conqu]or1 & ! act closes amid g5]al jubilation4 ,act+ ^u ,amonasro's admonitions1 ,aida influ5ces ,rhadames to fly f ,egypt & esp\se ! cause ( h] fa!r4 ,! lov]s are ov]he>d by ,amn]is & ,ramfis1 ! high prie/4 ,! ,pr9cess1 ) all ! fury ( a woman scorn$1 d5\nces ,rhadames z a traitor4 ,he is tri$ = treason & condemn$ to be buri$ alive 9 ! vaults "u ! temple ( ! god ,phtah4 ,p>don is (f]$ him if he w accept ! h& ( ,amn]is1 b he refuses & desc5ds to ! tomb1 :]e he f9ds ,aida await+ him4 ,! /ones are seal$ above !m & ! lov]s are unit$ 9 dea?1 :ile ,amn]is1 he>t-brok5 ov] ! trag$y h] jeal\sy has caus$1 kneels 9 pray] be=e _! sepul*re4 ,aft] a %ort prelude1 consi/+ ( a beautiful pianissimo movem5t1 ma9ly = ! viol9s1 & v ,wagn]i% 9 its g5]al /yle1 ! fir/ act op5s 9 a hall ( ! ,k+'s palace at ,memphis4 ,a %ort dialogue betwe5 ,rhadames & ! prie/ ,ramfis leads to a delici\s romanza 7,cele/e ,aida7 :i* is entirely fre% & orig9al1 recall+ no?+ t appe>s 9 any ( ,v]di's previ\s works4 ,x is foll[$ by a /rong declamatory duet betwe5 ,rhadames & ,amn]is1 :i* ^u ! appe>ance ( ,aida develops to a trio 7,vi5i1 o diletta74 ,9 ! next sc5e ! ,k+ & 8 ret9ue ( m9i/]s1 prie/s1 & w>riors ent]1 & a maje/ic ensemble occurs1 beg9n+ ) a m>tial *orus 7,su6 del ,nilo7 9 response to ! appeal ( ! prie/s4 ,z ! w> *orus dies away & ! ret9ue disappe>s1 ,aida has a sc5a ( great p[]4 ,x beg9s ) a lam5t = h] c\ntry 7,ritorna v9citor71 9 passionate declamatory phrases1 cle>ly %[+ ! influ5ce ( ,wagn]2 b 9 its smoo?1 fl[+ cantabile 9 ! f9ale1 ,numi pieta1 ,v]di returns to ! ,italian /yle aga94 ,! f9al sc5e is full ( ori5tal color & b>b>ic ri*ness ( display4 ,! consecrat$ arms are deliv]$ to ,rhadames4 ,! prie/esses beh9d ! sc5e to ! accompanim5t ( h>ps1 & ! prie/s 9 front ) sonor\s *ant1 invoke ! aid ( ! god ,phtah1 :ile o!r prie/esses execute ! sacr$ dance4 ,an impressive duet betwe5 ,ramfis & ,rhadames closes ! act4 ,9 ?is f9ale1 ,v]di has utiliz$ two native ,egyptian !mes1--! melody sung by ! prie/esses ) ! h>ps1 & ! dance-melody giv5 out by ! flutes4 ,! second act op5s ) a female *orus by ! slave girls1 ! rhy?m ( :i* is 9 keep+ ) ! ori5tal sc5e1 foll[$ by an impassion$ duet betwe5 ,amn]is & ,aida 7,alla pompa *e si appre/a71 ?r\gh :i* are he>d ! m>tial /ra9s ( ! return+ conqu]or4 ,! second sc5e op5s ! way = ano!r ensemble1 :i* ) its massive *oruses1 & its /irr+ m>* & ballet1 h]ald+ ! victory ( ,rhadames1 is "o ( ! mo/ picturesque /age sc5es ! op]a has ev] furni%$4 ,a solemn1 pla9tive /ra9 runs ?r\gh ! g5]al jubilation 9 ! appeal ( ,amonasro 7,que/o assisa *' io ve/o7 to ! ,k+ = m]cy to ! captives4 ,! f9ale beg9s ) ! remon/rances ( ! prie/s & p aga9/ ! appeals ( ,amonasro & ,rhadames1 & closes ) an int5sely dramatic conc]t$ numb]1--a qu9tet set (f aga9/ ! successive *oruses ( ! prie/s1 prison]s1 & p 7,gloria all' ,egitto74 ,! ?ird act1 l ! fir/1 aft] a brief dialogue1 op5s ) a lovely romanza 7,o cieli azzuri7 sung by ,aida1 & ! rema9d] ( ! act is devot$ to two duets1--! fir/ betwe5 ,amonasro & ,aida1 & ! second betwe5 ,rhadames & ,aida4 ,ea* is v dramatic 9 /yle & passionate 9 declamation1 :ile !y are revelations 9 ! direction ( comb9+ ! poetic & musical elem5ts1 :5 comp>$ ) any ( ! duets 9 ,v]di's previ\s op]as4 ,9 ! la/ act ! fir/ sc5e conta9s ano!r impressive duet betwe5 ,rhadames & ,amn]is 7,*i ti salva1 o sciagurato71 end+ ) ! despair+ song ( ,amn]is1 ,ohime6 morir mi s5to4 ,9 ! la/ sc5e ! /age is divid$ into two p>ts4 ,! upp] repres5ts ! temple ( ,vulcan1 or ,phtah1 cr[d$ ) prie/s & prie/esses1 *ant+ z ! /one is clos$ ov] ! subt]ranean entrance1 :ile bel[1 9 ! tomb1 ,aida & ,rhadames s+ _! dy+ duet 7,o t]ra1 addio71 its /ra9s bl5d+ ) ! jubilation ( ! prie/s & ! measures ( ! prie/esses' sacr$ dance4 ,aida is ! la/ & unque/ionably ! greate/1 if n ! mo/ popul>1 ( ,v]di's works4 ,x m>ks a long /ep f ! /yle ( 8 o!r op]as t[>ds ! production ( dramatic effect by legitimate musical means1 & %[s ! /rong influ5ce ,wagn] has _h ^u him4 ,s9ce ?is "w 0 produc$1 no o!r = ! /age has come f 8 p54 ,%\ld he break 8 long sil5ce1 "s new "w may %[ t he has gone /ill f>!r 9 ! new pa?4 ,if ! "t = re/ has come1 h[ev]1 to ! ag$ compos]1 ,aida w rema9 8 ma/]piece among musicians & connoisseurs1 ?\gh ,trovatore w be be/ lov$ by ! p4 ,,o!llo4 ,o!llo has =m$ ! subject ( ! foll[+ compositions3 ,otello1 op]a 9 #c acts1 text by ,b]io1 music by ,ross9i 7#ahaf72 ,o!ll]i1 p>ody by ,muell]1 ,vi5na 7#ahbh72 ,o!llo1 ov]ture by ,krug 7#ahhc72 ,un ,o!llo1 op]etta1 by ,leg\x1 ,p>is 7#ahfc72 & ,o!llo1 op]a 9 #d acts1 text by ,boito1 music by ,v]di 7#ahhf74 ,o!llo1 ! la/ ( ! long & brilliant s]ies ( ,v]di's op]as1 0 complet$ 9 #ahhf1 & fir/ produc$ at ! ,la ,scala ,!atre1 ,milan1 ,feb4 #e1 #ahhg1 ) rem>kable success1 ,signora ,pantaleoni1 ,signors ,maurel & ,tamagno tak+ ! ?ree lead+ roles4 ,! libretto 0 prep>$ by ! accompli%$ ,italian s*ol> & musician1 ,arrigo ,boito1 & closely foll[s ! /ory ( ! ,%akspe>ian trag$y4 ,! curta9 rises ^u a sc5e 9 ,cyprus4 ,a /orm is rag+1 & a cr[d1 among !m ,iago1 ,cassio1 & ,rod]igo1 wat* ! angry sea1 speculat+ ^u ! fate ( ,o!llo's vessel1 :i* f9ally arrives safely 9 port amid mu* rejoic+4 ,aft] return+ ! welcomes ( 8 fri5ds he ent]s ! ca/le ) ,cassio & ,montano4 ,! conspiracy at once beg9s by ! disclosure ( ,iago to ,rod]igo ( ! means by :i* ,cassio's ru9 may be compass$4 ,!n foll[s ! qu>rel1 :i* is int]rupt$ by ! appe>ance ( ,o!llo1 :o deprives ,cassio ( 8 (fice4 ,a love-sc5e ensues betwe5 ,desdemona & ! ,moor2 b 9 ! next act ! malignity ( ,iago has already begun to take effect1 & ! se$s ( jeal\sy are s[n 9 ,o!llo's brea/4 ,8 suspicions are fre%ly ar\s$ :5 ,desdemona int]c$es 9 ,cassio's behalf1 & are *ang$ to conviction by ! h&k]*ief episode & ,iago's artful ins9uation t ,cassio mutt]s ! "n ( ,desdemona 9 8 sleep2 at :i* ! enrag$ ,moor clut*es him by ! ?roat & hurls him to ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! ?ird act ,iago cont9ues 8 diabolical purpose1 at la/ s inflam+ ,o!llo's m9d t he d5\nces ,desdemona = h] p]fidy4 ,! act concludes ) ! audi5ce to ! ,v5etian embassy1 dur+ :i* he becomes enrag$1 /rikes ,desdemona1 & falls 9 convulsions4 ,! la/ act transpires 9 h] *amb]1 & foll[s ,%akspe>e 9 all ! details ( ! smo!r+ ( ,desdemona & ! dea? ( ,o!llo4 ,!re is no ov]ture prop] to ! op]a4 ,aft] a few vigor\s b>s ( prelude1 ! sc5e op5s ) a tempe/u\s & v /rik+ description ( a sea-/orm by ! or*e/ra1 ) ! *oruses ( sailors & ,cypriots ris+ above x & express+ alt]nate hope & t]ror4 ,aft] a %ort recitative ! /orm dies away1 & ! *oral phrases ( rejoic+ end 9 a pianissimo effect4 ,a hurri$ recitative passage betwe5 ,iago & ,rod]igo introduces a dr9k+ sc5e 9 :i* ,iago s+s a v orig9al & expressive br9disi ) rollick+ responses by ! *orus4 ,! qu>rel foll[s ) a vigor\s & agitat$ accompanim5t1 & ! act comes to a close ) a beautiful love-duet betwe5 ,o!llo & ,desdemona4 ,! second act op5s ) recitative :i* reveals all ( ,iago's malignity1 & is foll[$ by 8 monologue1 9 :i* he s+s a mock ,cr$o :i* is ,satanic 9 utt]ance4 ,x is accompani$ ) trem5d\s outbur/s ( trumpets1 & leads up to a furi\s declamatory duet ) ,o!llo4 ,! next numb] br+s a grateful *ange4 ,x is a graceful m&ol9ata1 sung by *ildr5's voices & accompani$ by m&ol9s & guit>s1 foll[$ by a *>m+ *orus ( m>9]s1 :o br+ %ells & corals to ,desdemona4 ,! int]cession episode ensues1 lead+ to a gr& dramatic qu>tet = ,desdemona1 ,emilia1 ,iago1 & ,o!llo4 ,! latt] !n s+s a pa!tic b /irr+ melody ) trumpet accompanim5t1 ! f>ewell to w>1 & ! act closes ) a tumultu\s duet betwe5 himself & ,iago4 ,! ?ird act op5s ) a v expressive duet = ,o!llo & ,desdemona1 9 :i* ! gr[+ wra? ( ! =m] & ! sweet & t\*+ unconsci\sness ( ! o!r are happily contra/$4 ,a sad monologue by ,o!llo prep>es ! way = ! com+ outbreak4 ,! h&k]*ief trio foll[s1 9 :i* ! malignity ( ,iago1 ! indignation ( ,o!llo1 & ! inability ( ,cassio to und]/& ! fell purpose ( ,iago are br\ght out ) great =ce4 ,at its close a fanf>e ( trumpets ann\nces ! ,v5etian embassy1 & ! f9ale beg9s ) mu* brilliancy4 ,!n foll[s ! sc5e 9 :i* ,o!llo smites d[n ,desdemona4 ,%e supplicates = m]cy 9 an aria ( t5d] beauty1 :i* leads up to a /rong sextet4 ,all ! gue/s dep>t b ,iago2 & z ,o!llo1 ov]come ) 8 emotions1 swoons away1 ! curta9 falls ^u ,iago's contemptu\s utt]ance1 ,!re lies ! lion ( ,v5ice4 ,! f\r? act is full ( musical beauty4 ,aft] an or*e/ral introduction 9 :i* ! horn has a v effective solo1 ! curta9 rises & ! action transpires 9 ,desdemona's *amb]4 ,! sc5e op5s ) a t\*+ recitative betwe5 ,desdemona & ,emilia4 ,:ile ! =m] prep>es h]self = slumb] %e s+s ! ,will[ ,song1 an unaffect$ melody z simple & *>act]i/ic z a folk-song4 ,emilia retires1 & by a natural transition ,desdemona s+s an ,ave ,m>ia1 :i* is z simple & beautiful 9 its way z ! ,will[ ,song4 ,%e retires to h] c\*1 & 9 ! sil5ce ,o!llo /eals 91 dagg] 9 h&1 ! contra-basses giv+ out a sombre & deep-ton$ accompanim5t :i* is />tl+ 9 its effect4 ,he kisses h]1 ! motive f ! love-duet appe>+ 9 ! or*e/ra2 !n1 aft] a hurri$ dialogue1 /ifles h]4 ,he !n kills himself1 8 la/ words be+ a repetition ( ^? 9 ! duet1 :ile ! /r+s t5d]ly give out ! melody aga94 ,,fal/aff4 ,fal/aff1 an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,arrigo ,boito1 0 fir/ p]=m$ ,m>* #ab1 #ahic1 at ! ,teatro alla ,scala1 ,milan1 ) ! foll[+ ca/ ( *>act]s3-- ,mi/ress ,,=d ,signora ,,zilli ,,nannetta ,madame ,,/ehle ,,f5ton ,m4 ,,g>b9 ,dr4 ,,caius ,signor ,,p>oli ,,pi/ola ,signor ,,arimondi ,mi/ress ,,page ,signora ,,gu]r9i ,mi/ress ,,quickly ,signora ,,pasqua ,,=d ,signor ,,p9i-,,corsi ,,b>dolfo ,signor ,,pelagalli-,,rossetti ,,fal/aff ,m4 ,,maurel ,! libretto1 :i* is ma9ly bas$ ^u ,! ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor1 also makes "s contributions ^u ,h5ry ,,iv41 p>ticul>ly 9 ! introduction ( ! monologue ^u honor1 & illu/rates ,boito's skill 9 adaptation z well z 8 rem>kable p[]s 9 cond5sation4 ,9 ! arrangem5t ( ! com$y ! five acts are r$uc$ to ?ree4 ,! *>act]s ,%all[1 ,sl5d]1 ,william1 ,page1 ,sir ,hugh ,evans1 ,simple1 & ,rugby are elim9at$1 leav+ ,fal/aff1 ,f5ton1 ,=d1 ,dr4 ,caius1 ,b>dolph1 ,pi/ol1 ,mi/ress ,=d1 ,mi/ress ,page1 ,anne1 ,dame ,quickly & ?ree m9or *>act]s z ! dramatis p]sonae1 ?\gh ,anne appe>s z ,nannetta & is ! daught] ( ,=d in/ead ( ,page4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a sc5e at ! ,g>t] ,inn1 disclos+ an int]view betwe5 ,fal/aff & ,dr4 ,caius1 :o is compla9+ ( ! ill treatm5t he has receiv$ f ! fat ,knight & 8 foll[]s1 b )\t obta9+ any satisfaction4 ,aft] 8 dep>ture1 ,fal/aff seeks to induce ,b>dolph & ,pi/ol to c>ry 8 love-lett]s to ,mi/resses ,=d & ,page2 b !y refuse1 ^u ! gr\nd t _! honor w\ld be assail$1 :i* gives occasion = ! introduction ( ! monologue f ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,! lett]s are f9ally intru/$ to a page1 & ! rema9d] ( ! act is devot$ to ! plots ( ! wom5 to circumv5t him1 ) an incid5tal revelation ( ! loves ( ,f5ton & ,nannetta1 or ,anne ,page4 ,9 ! second act1 we h ,fal/aff's visit to ,mi/ress ,=d1 z plann$ by ! m]ry wives1 ! comical episode ( 8 concealm5t 9 ! buck-basket1 & 8 dump+ into ! ,?ames4 ,9 ! la/ act1 undaunt$ by 8 buck-basket exp]i5ces1 ,fal/aff accepts a fre% invitation to meet ,mi/ress ,=d 9 ,w9dsor ,p>k4 ,9 ?is episode occurs ! fairy masqu]ade at ,h]ne's ,oak1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* he is set ^u & beat51 end+ 9 8 complete discomfiture4 ,!n all is expla9$ to him2 ,nannetta is betro!d to ,f5ton2 & all ends m]ry z a m>riage bell4 ,!re is no ov]ture4 ,aft] f\r b>s ( prelude ! curta9 rises1 & ! compos] introduces ,dr4 ,caius ) ! s+le exclamation1 ,fal/aff1 & ! latt]'s reply1 ,ho6 !re1 :i* are emblematic ( ! declamatory "* ( ! :ole op]a2 = al?\gh _m delightful bits ( melody are scatt]$ ?r\gh x1 ! in/rum5tation really tells ! /ory1 z 9 ! ,wagn] music-drama1 ?\gh 9 ?is late/ "w ( ! vet]an compos] !re is less ( ! ,wagn]ian idea ?an 9 8 ,aida4 ,! fir/ sc5e is ma9ly humor\s dialogue1 b !re are two notable exceptions1--! g5u9e lyrical music ( ,fal/aff's song 7',tis %e ) eyes l />s71 & ! ,honor monologue1 a sup]b piece ( recitative ) a *>act]i/ic accompanim5t 9 :i* ! cl>9ets & bassoons fairly talk1 z !y give ! negative to ! ,knight's s>ca/ic que/ions4 ,! mo/ attractive numb]s ( ! second sc5e are ,mi/ress ,=d's read+ ( ,fal/aff's lett]1 :i* is exquisitely lyrical1 a qu>tet1 a capella1 = ! f\r wom5 7,he'll surely come c\rt+71 foll[$ by a contra/+ male qu>tet 7,he's a f\l1 a ribald ?ief71 ! act clos+ ) ! two qu>tets (fsett+ ea* o!r1 & enclos+ an admirable solo = ,f5ton4 ,! second act op5s ) ! int]view betwe5 ,dame ,quickly & ,fal/aff1 9 :i* ! in/rum5tation runs ! :ole gamut ( ironical humor4 ,!n foll[s ! sc5e betwe5 ,=d & ,fal/aff1 9 :i* ! v cl9k ( ! money1 & ,fal/aff's huge *uckles1 are delib]ately set =? 9 ! or*e/ra ) a realism :i* is ! v height ( ! ridicul\s1 ! sc5e clos+ ) an expressive declamation by ,=d 7,d ,i dream8 ,or1 is x reality874 ,! second sc5e ( ! act is ma9ly devot$ to ! ludicr\s incid5t ( ! buck-basket1 :i* is accompani$ by mo/ rem>kable in/rum5tation2 b !re are "o or m captivat+ episodes2 su* z ,dame ,quickly's description ( h] visit 7',twas at ! ,g>t] ,inn7 & ,fal/aff's *>m+ song 7,once ,i 0 ,page to ! ,duke ( ,norfolk74 ,! ?ird act op5s 9 ! ,inn ( ! ,g>t]1 & discloses ,fal/aff soliloquiz+ ^u 8 late disagreeable exp]i5ces3-- ,ho6 l&lord6 ,ungrateful _w1 wick$ _w1 ,guilty _w6 ,l&lord6 a glass ( hot %]ry4 ,g1 g ?y way1 ,john ,fal/aff1 ,) !e w cease ! type ,( hone/y1 virtue1 & might4 ,z ! fat ,knight soliloquizes & dr9ks 8 sack ! or*e/ra takes "p 9 a trill giv5 out by piccolo1 & gradually tak5 by "o in/rum5t aft] ! o!r1 until ! :ole or*e/ra is 9 a he>ty laugh & %ak+ ) /r+1 brass1 & wood w9d glee4 ,!n ent]s ,dame ,quickly1 mis*ief-mak]1 & sets ! trap at ,h]ne's ,oak 9 ,w9dsor ,=e/1 into :i* ,fal/aff readily falls4 ,! clos+ sc5e is ri* ) humor4 ,x op5s ) a delightful love-song by ,f5ton 7,f ^? sweet lips a song ( love arises74 ,! conspirators ent] "o aft] ! o!r1 & at la/ ,fal/aff1 disguis$ z ! sable hunt]4 ,! elves are summon$1 & glide ab\t to ! delici\s fairy music accompany+ ,nannetta's beautiful song 7,:ile we dance 9 ! moonlight74 ,f ?is po9t ! action ha/5s to ! happy d5\em5t1 & ! "w concludes ) a fugue :i* is imbu$ ) ! v _s ( humor & yet is /rictly con/ruct$4 ,:ile ! vocal p>ts are extraord9>y 9 _! declamatory significance1 ! /r5g? ( ! op]a lies 9 ! in/rum5tation1 & its *>m 9 ! delici\s fun & m]rim5t :i* p]vades x all & is aptly express$ 9 ! clos+ l9es3-- ,all 9 ?is _w is je/+4 ,man is born to be jolly1 ,e'en f grief "s happ9ess wre/+ ,sure pro( aga9/ melan*oly4 ,,wagn]4 ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 :o has be5 some:at ironically call$ ! musician ( ! future1 & ^: music has be5 relegat$ to po/]ity by a consid]able numb] ( 8 contempor>ies1 0 born at ,leipsic1 ,may #bb1 #ahac4 ,aft] 8 prelim9>y /udies 9 ,dresd5 & ,leipsic1 he took 8 fir/ lessons 9 music f ,cantor ,we9lig4 ,9 #ahcf he 0 appo9t$ musical director 9 ! !atre at ,magdeburg1 & lat] occupi$ ! same position at ,ko5igsb]g4 ,!nce he w5t to ,riga1 :]e he began 8 op]a ,ri5zi4 ,he !n w5t to ,p>is by sea1 0 ne>ly %ipwreck$ on 8 way ?i!r1 & l&$ )\t money or fri5ds4 ,aft] two ye>s ( h>d /ruggl+ he return$ to ,g]many4 ,8 %ipwreck & =lorn condition inspir$ ! !me ( ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man1 & :ile on 8 way to ,dresd5 he pass$ ne> ! ca/le ( ,w>tburg1 9 ! valley ( ,?ur+ia1 ^: leg5ds inspir$ 8 well-kn[n op]a ( ,tannhaeus]4 ,he next remov$ to ,zuri*1 & ab\t ?is "t appe>$ ,loh5gr91 "o ( 8 mo/ favorite op]as4 ,tri/an & ,isolde 0 produc$ 9 #ahef1 & 8 comic op]a1 ,die ,mei/]s+] von ,nu]nb]g1 ?ree ye>s lat]4 ,9 #ahfd he receiv$ ! patronage ( ,k+ ,l\is ( ,bav>ia1 :i* enabl$ him to complete & p]=m 8 great "w1 ,d] ,r+ d] ,nibelung54 ,he laid ! f\ndation ( ! new !atre at ,baireu? 9 #ahgb1 & 9 #ahge ! "w 0 produc$1 & creat$ a pr(\nd s5sation all ov] ! musical _w4 ,p>sifal1 8 la/ op]a1 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 #ahhb4 ,8 works h ar\s$ great opposition1 especially among cons]vative musicians1 = ! reason t he has set at defiance ! conv5tional op]atic =ms1 & 9 c>ry+ out 8 !ory ( mak+ ! musical & dramatic elem5ts ( equal importance1 & employ+ ! =m] z ! language ( ! latt] 9 natural ways1 has made musical declamation take ! place ( set melody1 & swept away ! cu/om>y arias1 duets1 qu>tets1 & conc]t$ numb]s ( ! ,italian s*ool1 to suit ! dramatic exig5cies ( ! situations4 ,besides 8 musical compositions1 he enjoys almo/ equal fame z a litt]ateur1 hav+ writt5 n only 8 own librettos1 b f\r important works1--,art & ! ,revolution1 ,! ,art ,"w ( ! ,future1 ,op]a & ,drama1 & ,judaism 9 ,music4 ,8 music has made /eady progress ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( su* advocates z ,liszt1 ,von ,buel[1 & ,ri*t] 9 ,g]many1 ,pasdel\p 9 ,france1 ,hueff] 9 ,engl&1 & ,!odore ,?omas 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 #ahgj he m>ri$ ,frau ,cosima von ,buel[1 ! daught] ( ,liszt1--an ev5t :i* provok$ almo/ z mu* comm5t 9 social circles z 8 op]as h 9 musical4 ,he di$ dur+ a visit to ,v5ice1 ,feb4 #ac1 #ahhc4 ,,ri5zi4 ,ri5zi d] letzte d] ,tribun51 a tragic op]a 9 five acts1 words by ! compos]1 ! subject tak5 f ,bulw]'s novel1 ,! ,la/ ( ! ,tribunes1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,dresd51 ,oct4 #bj1 #ahdb1 ) ,h]r ,ti*ats*eck1 ,mme4 ,s*ro$]-,devri5t1 & ,mlle4 ,wie/ 9 ! pr9cipal roles4 ,x 0 design$ & p>tly complet$ dur+ ,wagn]'s /ay 9 ,riga z or*e/ra lead]4 ,9 8 ,autobiography ! compos] says t he fir/ read ! /ory at ,dresd5 9 #ahcg1 & 0 greatly impress$ ) its adaptability = op]a4 ,he began x 9 ! fall ( ! same ye> at ,riga1 & says3 ,i _h compos$ two numb]s ( x1 :5 ,i f\nd1 to my annoyance1 t ,i 0 aga9 fairly on ! way to ! composition ( music a la ,adam4 ,i put ! "w aside 9 disgu/4 ,lat] he project$ ! s*eme ( a great tragic op]a 9 five acts1 & began ^u x ) fre% en?usiasm 9 ! fall ( #ahch4 ,by ! spr+ ( #ahci ! fir/ two acts 7 complet$4 ,at t "t 8 engagem5t at ,riga t]m9at$1 & he set out = ,p>is4 ,he soon f\nd t x w\ld be hopeless = him to br+ out ! op]a 9 t city1 not)/&+ ,mey]be] _h promis$ to assi/ him4 ,he (f]$ x to ! ,gr& ,op]a & to ! ,r5aissance1 b nei!r w\ld accept x4 ,no?+ daunt$1 he resum$ "w ^u x1 int5d+ x = ,dresd54 ,9 ,octob]1 #ahdb1 x 0 at la/ produc$ 9 t city1 & met ) su* success t x secur$ him ! position ( capellmei/] at ! ,dresd5 op]a-h\se4 ,! action ( ! op]a passes at ,rome1 t[>ds ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! fir/ act op5s at night1 9 a /reet ne> ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an1 & discov]s ,ors9i1 a ,roman patrician1 accompani$ by a cr[d ( nobles1 attempt+ to abduct ,ir5e1 ! si/] ( ,ri5zi1 a papal not>y4 ,! plot is int]rupt$ by ! entrance ( ,colonna1 ! patrician lead] ( ano!r faction1 :o dem&s ! girl4 ,a qu>rel ensues4 ,adriano1 ! son ( ,colonna1 :o is 9 love ) ,ir5e1 sudd5ly appe>s & ru%es to h] def5ce4 ,gradually o!r patricians & plebeians are attract$ by ! tumult1 among ! latt]1 ,ri5zi4 ,:5 he becomes aw>e ( ! insult (f]$ 8 si/]1 he takes c\nsel ) ! ,c>d9al ,raimondo1 & !y agree to r\se ! p 9 resi/ance to ! outrages ( ! nobles4 ,adriano is plac$ 9 an emb>rass+ position1--8 relation%ip to ! ,colonnas urg+ him to jo9 ! nobles1 & 8 love = ,ir5e impell+ him ) /ill /rong] =ce to make common cause ) ! p4 ,he f9ally decides to foll[ ,ri5zi1 j z ! trumpets are he>d call+ ! p to arms & ,ri5zi clad 9 full armor makes 8 appe>ance to lead !m4 ,! /ruggle is a %ort "o4 ,! nobles are ov]come1 & 9 ! second act !y appe> at ! ,capitol to ackn[l$ge _! submission to ,ri5zi3 b ,adriano1 :o has be5 among !m1 w>ns ,ri5zi t !y h plott$ to kill him4 ,fe/al dances1 processions1 & gladiatorial combats foll[1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ,ors9i ru%es at ,ri5zi & /rikes at him ) 8 dagg]4 ,ri5zi is sav$ by a /eel brea/plate "u 8 robes4 ,! nobles are at once seiz$ & condemn$ to dea?4 ,adriano pleads ) ,ri5zi to sp>e 8 fa!r1 & mov$ by 8 eloqu5ce he r5ews ! (f] ( p>don if !y w swe> submission4 ,!y take ! oa? only to violate x4 ,! p rise & dem& _! ext]m9ation4 ,ri5zi once m draws ! sword1 & ,adriano 9 va9 appeals to him to av]t ! slaught]4 ,he is aga9 successful1 & on 8 return ann\nces to ,adriano t ! ,colonnas & ,ors9is are no m4 ,! latt] w>ns him ( com+ rev5ge1 & ! act closes ) ! coronation ( ,ri5zi4 ,! f\r? act op5s at night ne> ! *ur*4 ,! popul> tide has n[ turn$ aga9/ ,ri5zi1 ^u ! report t he is 9 league ) ! ,g]man ,emp]or to re/ore ! pontiff4 ,a fe/ive cortege approa*es1 escort+ him to ! *ur*4 ,! nobles b> 8 way1 b disp]se at 8 comm&2 :]eupon ,adriano ru%es at him ) drawn dagg]1 b ! bl[ is av]t$ z he he>s ! *ant ( mal$iction 9 ! *ur*1 & sees its dignit>ies plac+ ! ban ( excommunication aga9/ ,ri5zi ^u its doors4 ,he hurries to ,ir5e1 w>ns h] t h] bro!r's life is no long] safe1 & urges h] to fly ) him4 ,%e repulses him1 & seeks h] bro!r1 to %>e 8 dang]s or die ) him4 ,%e f9ds him at pray] 9 ! ,capitol4 ,he c\nsels h] to accept ! (f] ( ,adriano & save h]self1 b %e repeats h] det]m9ation to die ) him4 ,! s\nds ( ! approa*+ cr[d are he>d outside4 ,ri5zi makes a la/ appeal to !m f ! balcony1 b ! infuriat$ p w n li/54 ,!y set fire to ! ,capitol ) _! tor*es1 & /one ,ri5zi & ,ir5e ?r\gh ! w9d[s4 ,z ! flames spread f room to room & ,adriano beholds !m envelop+ ! devot$ pair1 he ?r[s away 8 sword1 ru%es into ! burn+ build+1 & p]i%es ) !m4 ,! ov]ture ( ,ri5zi is 9 ! accept$ =m1 = ! op]a 0 writt5 be=e ,wagn] _h made 8 new dep>ture 9 music1 & takes its pr9cipal !mes1 notably ,ri5zi's pray] = ! p & ! f9ale to ! fir/ act1 f ! body ( ! "w4 ,! g5]al /yle ( ! :ole "w is vigor\s & tumultu\s4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a hurly-burly ( tumult betwe5 ! cont5d+ factions & ! p4 ,! fir/ sc5e conta9s a vigor\s aria = ! h]o 7,wohl an s moeg es se971 :i* leads up to a fi]y t]zetto 7,adriano du8 ,wie e9 ,colonna67 betwe5 ,ri5zi1 ,ir5e1 & ,adriano1 foll[$ by an int5sely passionate sc5e 7,er geht und laes/ di* me9em ,s*utz7 betwe5 ! la/ two4 ,! f9ale is a tumultu\s mass ( s\nd1 ?r\gh :i* are he>d ! tones ( trumpets & cries ( ! p4 ,x op5s ) a massive d\ble *orus 7,gegrues/1 gegrues/71 %\t$ by ! p on ! "o side & ! monks 9 ! ,lat]an on ! o!r1 accompani$ by an &ante movem5t on ! organ4 ,x is int]rupt$ = a brief space by ! r++ appeal ( ,ri5zi ,er/ehe1 hohe ,roma1 neu1 & !n closes ) an en]getic &ante1 a qu>tet jo9+ ! *oruses4 ,?is f9ale is cle>ly ,italian 9 =m1 & mu* to ,wagn]'s subsequ5t disgu/ 0 describ$ by ,hanslick z a mixture ( ,donizetti & ,mey]be]1 & a cle> presage ( ! com+ ,v]di4 ,! second act op5s ) a /ately m>*1 introduc+ ! mess5g]s ( peace1 :o jo9 9 a *orus ( greet+1 foll[$ by a second *orus ( s5ators & ! t5d] ( submission made by ! nobles4 ,a t]zetto betwe5 ,adriano1 ,ors9i1 & ,colonna1 set (f aga9/ a *orus ( ! nobles1 leads up to ! f9ale4 ,x op5s ) a joyful *orus 7,ers*allet fei] ,kla5ge71 foll[$ by rapid dialogue betwe5 ,ors9i & ,colonna on ! "o h& & ,adriano & ,ri5zi on ! o!r4 ,a long & elaborate ballet int]v5es1 divid$ into sev]al numb]s1--an ,introduction1 ,pyrrhic ,dance1 ,combat ( ,roman ,gladiators & ,cavali]s1 & ! ,dance ( ! ,apo!osis1 9 :i* ! ,goddess ( ,peace is trans=m$ to ! ,goddess1 protector ( ,rome4 ,! sc5e abruptly *anges1 & ! act closes ) a great ensemble 9 :i* ! defiance ( ! conspirators1 ! toll+ ( bells1 ! *ants ( ! monks1 & ! f]oci\s outcries ( ! p %\t+ = rev5ge are m+l$ 9 /rong contra/s4 ,! ?ird act is full ( tumult4 ,aft] a brief prelude1 amid ! r++ ( bells & cries ( al>m1 ! p ga!r & d5\nce ! trea*]y ( ! nobles1 lead+ up to a spirit$ call to arms by ,ri5zi 7,ihr ,roem]1 auf74 ,! p respond 9 furi\s *orus1 & z ! s\nd ( ! bells & battle-cries dies away ,adriano ent]s4 ,8 sc5e op5s ) a pray] 7,g]e*t] ,gott7 = ! av]sion ( c>nage1 :i* *anges to an agitat$ allegro 7,wo w> i*87 z he he>s ! great bell ( ! ,capitol toll+ ! signal = slaught]4 ,! f9ale beg9s ) a massive m>*1 z ! bells & s\nds ( al>m are he>d approa*+ aga91 & b&s ( citiz5s1 prie/s & monks1 ! high cl]gy1 s5ators & nobles1 pass & repass 9 quick succession1 at la/ foll[$ by ,ri5zi1 :i* is ! signal = ! great battle-hymn1 ,santo spirito cavali]e1 :i* is to be sung ) great fire & en]gy1 accompani$ by great & small bells r++ beh9d ! sc5es1 ! cla% ( swords ^u %ields1 & full p[] ( *orus & or*e/ra4 ,a dialogue foll[s betwe5 ,adriano & ,ri5zi1 & !n ! v>i\s b&s disappe> s++ ! ritornelle ( ! hymn4 ,a great duet 7,lebwohl1 ,ir5e7 ensues betwe5 ,adriano & ,ir5e1 :i* 9 its g5]al outl9es rem9ds "o ( ! duet betwe5 ,ra\l & ,val5t9 9 ,! ,hugu5ots4 ,at its conclusion1 aft] a pray] by ! *orus ( wom51 ! battle hymn is he>d aga9 9 ! di/ance1 gradually approa*+1 & ! act closes ) a jubilee *orus 7,auf6 im ,triumpf zum ,capitol71 welcom+ ! return ( ! conqu]ors4 ,! f\r? act is %ort1 its pr9cipal numb]s be+ ! introduction1 t]zetto & *orus 7,w] w>'s d] eu* hi]h] bes*i$871 & ! f9ale1 beg9n+ ) a some:at sombre m>* ( ! cortege accompany+ ,ri5zi to ! *ur*1 lead+ to ! details ( ! conspiracy sc5e1 & clos+ ) ! mal$iction ( ! monks1 ,vae1 vae tibi mal$icto4 ,! la/ act op5s ) an impressive pray] by ,ri5zi 7,allma*t'g] ,vat]71 :i* leads to a t5d] duet 7,v]laes/ die ,kir*e mi*7 z ,ir5e ent]s1 clos+ ) a passionate aria by ,ri5zi 7,i* liebte glueh5d74 ,! duet is !n resum$1 & leads to a second & int5sely passionate duet 7,du hi] ,ir5e67 betwe5 ,adriano & ,ir5e4 ,! f9ale is brief1 b full ( en]gy1 & is pr9cipally *oral4 ,! d5\em5t hurries1 & ! trag$y is rea*$ amid a tumultu\s outbur/ ( voices & in/rum5ts4 ,unlike ,wagn]'s o!r op]as1 9 ,ri5zi set melody dom9ates1 & ! or*e/ra1 z 9 ! ,italian s*ool1 furni%es ! accompanim5ts4 ,we h ! regul> ov]ture1 aria1 duet1 trio1 & conc]t$ f9ale2 b aft] ,ri5zi we %all obs]ve a *ange1 at la/ becom+ s radical t ! compos] himself ?rew aside 8 fir/ op]a z unwor?y ( p]=mance4 ,,! ,,fly+ ,,dut*man4 ,d] ,flieg5de ,holla5d]1 a romantic op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ! compos]1 ! subject tak5 f ,he9ri* ,he9e's v]sion ( ! leg5d1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,dresd51 ,jan4 #b1 #ahdc1 ) ,mme4 ,s*ro$]-,devri5t & ,h]r ,we*t] 9 ! two pr9cipal roles4 ,x 0 also produc$ 9 ,london 9 #ahgj at ,drury ,lane z ,l',oll&ose dannato1 by ,signor ,arditi1 ) ,mlle4 ,di ,murska1 ,signors ,foli1 ,p]otti1 & ,r9ald9i1 & ,mr4 ,santley 9 ! lead+ p>ts2 9 #ahgf1 by ,c>l ,rosa z ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man1 an ,engli% v]sion2 & aga9 9 #ahgg z ,il ,vascello fantasma4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! op]a 0 introduc$ 9 its ,engli% =m by ,miss ,cl>a ,l\ise ,kellogg4 ,wagn] conceiv$ ! idea ( writ+ ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man dur+ ! /orm :i* ov]took him on 8 voyage f ,riga to ,p>is4 ,he says 9 8 ,autobiography3 ',! ,fly+ ,dut*man1' ^: intimate acqua9tance ,i _h made at sea1 cont9ually en*a9$ my fancy4 ,i _h become acqua9t$1 too1 ) ,he9ri* ,he9e's peculi> treatm5t ( ! leg5d 9 "o portion ( 8 ',salon4' ,especially ! treatm5t ( ! deliv]y ( ?is ,ahasu]us ( ! ocean 7tak5 by ,he9e f a ,dut* drama ( ! same title7 gave me ev]y?+ ready to use ! leg5d z ! libretto ( an op]a4 ,i came to an und]/&+ ab\t x ) ,he9e himself1 drew up ! s*eme1 & gave x to ,m4 ,leon ,pillet manag] ( ! ,gr& ,op]a1 ) ! proposition t he %\ld h a ,fr5* libretto made f x = me4 ,subsequ5tly ,m4 ,pillet pur*as$ ! libretto direct f ,wagn]1 :o cons5t$ to ! transaction1 z he saw no opportunity ( produc+ ! op]a 9 ,p>is4 ,x 0 !n set by ,diets* z ,le ,vaisseau fantome1 & br\ght out 9 ,p>is 9 #ahdb4 ,9 ! mean "t1 n disc\rag$ by 8 bad =tune1 ,wagn] set to "w1 wrote ! ,g]man v]se1 & complet$ ! op]a 9 sev5 weeks = ,dresd51 :]e x 0 f9ally p]=m$1 z already /at$4 ,unlike ,ri5zi1 x met ) failure bo? 9 ,dresd5 & ,b]l92 b its m]its 7 recogniz$ by ,spohr1 :o enc\rag$ him to p]sev]e 9 ! c\rse he _h m>k$ out4 ,! plot ( ! op]a is v simple4 ,a ,norwegian vessel1 comm&$ by ,dal&1 compell$ by /ress ( wea!r1 ent]s a port n f> f h] de/9ation4 ,at ! same "t a my/]i\s vessel1 ) r$ sails & black hull1 comm&$ by ! w&]+ ,fly+ ,dut*man1 :o is de/9$ to sail ! seas )\t re/ until he f9ds a maid5 :o w be fai?ful until dea?1 puts into ! same port4 ,! two capta9s meet1 & ,dal& invites ! /rang] to 8 home4 ,! two at la/ progress s rapidly 9 mutual favor t a m>riage is agre$ ^u betwe5 ! /rang] & ,s5ta1 ,dal&'s daught]4 ,! latt] is a dreamy1 imag9ative girl1 :o1 ?\gh %e has an accept$ lov]1 ,eric1 is s fasc9at$ ) ! leg5d ( ! /rang] t %e becomes conv9c$ %e is de/9$ to save him f p]dition4 ,:5 he arrives ) h] fa!r %e recognizes him at once1 & v[s et]nal con/ancy to him4 ,9 ! la/ act1 h[ev]1 ,eric appe>s & reproa*es ,s5ta ) h] fai?lessness4 ,! /rang] ov]he>s !m1 & concludes t z %e has be5 recreant to h] =m] lov]1 s too %e w be untrue to him4 ,he decides to leave h]2 = if he %\ld rema91 h] p5alty w\ld be et]nal dea?4 ,z 8 my/]i\s vessel sails away ,s5ta ru%es to a cliff1 & cry+ out t h] life w be ! price ( 8 release1 hurls h]self into ! sea1 v[+ to be con/ant to him ev5 9 dea?4 ,! phantom vessel s9ks1 ! sea gr[s calm1 & 9 ! di/ance ! two figures are se5 ris+ 9 ! sunlight nev] to be p>t$4 ,! ov]ture *>act]izes ! p]sons & situations ( ! drama1 & introduces ! motives :i* ,wagn] ev] aft] us$ s freely1--among !m ! curse re/+ ^u ! ,dut*man1 ! re/less motion ( ! sea1 ! message ( ! ,angel ( ,m]cy p]sonifi$ 9 ,s5ta1 ! p]sonification ( ! ,dut*man1 & ! song ( ,dal&'s crew4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) an introduction repres5t+ a /orm1 & a *>act]i/ic sailors' *orus1 foll[$ by an exquisite love-song = t5or 7,mit ,gewitt] und ,/urm71 & a gr& sc5a ( ! ,dut*man 7,die ,fri/ i/ um71 :i* lead up to a melodi\s duet betwe5 ! ,dut*man & ,dal&4 ,! act closes ) ! sailors' *orus z ! two vessels sail away4 ,aft] a brief in/rum5tal prelude1 ! second act op5s 9 ,dal&'s home1 :]e ! melan*oly ,s5ta sits surr\nd$ by h] companions1 :o are sp9n+4 ,to ! :irr+ accompanim5t ( ! viol9s !y s+ a v reali/ic sp9n+ song 7,summ' und brumm du gutes ,ma$*571 int]rupt$ at int]vals by ! laught] ( ! girls z !y rally ,s5ta ^u h] melan*oly looks4 ,s5ta replies ) a weird & exquisitely melodi\s ballad 7,johohae6 traefft ihr das ,s*iff im ,me]e an71 9 :i* %e tells ! /ory ( ! ,fly+ ,dut*man1 & anticipates h] own de/9y4 ,! song is full ( int5se feel+s & is *>act]iz$ by a motive :i* frequ5tly recurs 9 ! op]a1 & is ! key to ! :ole "w4 ,a duet foll[s betwe5 ,eric & ,s5ta1 ! melodi\s "* ( :i* %[s t ,wagn] 0 n yet entirely fre$ f ,italian influ5ces4 ,a %ort duet ensues betwe5 ,s5ta & h] fa!r1 & !n ! ,dut*man appe>s4 ,z !y /& & gaze at ea* o!r = a long "t1 ! or*e/ra mean:ile supply+ ! suppos$ emotions ( ea*1 we h a clew to ! me?od ,wagn] 0 aft]w>ds to employ s successfully4 ,a duet betwe5 ,s5ta & ! ,dut*man 7,wie aus d] ,f]ne7 & a t]zetto ) ,dal& close ! act4 ,! ?ird act op5s ) ano!r sailors' *orus 7,/eu]mann1 lass' die ,wa*t71 & a brisk dialogue betwe5 !m & ! wom5 :o are br++ !m provisions4 ,! latt] also hail ! crew ( ! ,dut*man's vessel1 b get no reply until ! w9d sudd5ly rises1 :5 !y man ! vessel & s+ ! refra9 ) :i* ! ,dut*man is cont9ually id5tifi$4 ,a d\ble *orus ( ! two crews foll[s4 ,s5ta !n appe>s accompani$ by ,eric1 :o seeks to re/ra9 h] f foll[+ ! /rang] 9 a v dramatic duet 7,0 muss i* ho]5874 ,! f9ale is made up ( sailors' & female *oruses1 & a trio betwe5 ,s5ta1 ,dal&1 & ! ,dut*man1 :i* are wov5 toge!r ) consummate skill1 & make a v effective t]m9ation to ! weird /ory4 ,!re are no po9ts 9 common betwe5 ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man & ,ri5zi1 except t 9 ! =m] ,wagn] _h n yet cle>ly fre$ himself f conv5tional melody4 ,x is int]e/+ z m>k+ 8 fir/ /ep t[>ds ! music ( ! future 9 8 use ( motives1 8 wond]ful treatm5t ( ! or*e/ra 9 en=c+ ! expression ( ! text1 & 8 comb9ation ( ! voices & in/rum5tation 9 :at he s aptly calls ,! ,music-,drama4 ,,tannhaeus] ,tannhaeus] und d] ,s+]krieg auf ,w>tburg 7,tannhaeus] & ! s+]s' conte/ at ! ,w>tburg71 a romantic op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ! compos]1 0 fir/ produc$ at ! ,royal ,op]a1 ,dresd51 ,oct4 #bj1 #ahde1 ) ,mme4 ,s*ro$]-,devri5t & ,h]r ,niemann z ,elizabe? & ,tannhaeus]4 ,its fir/ p]=mance 9 ,p>is 0 on ,m>* #ac1 #ahfa2 b x 0 a failure aft] ?ree repres5tations1 & 0 made ! butt ( ,p>isian ridicule1 ev5 ,b]lioz jo9+ 9 ! tirade4 ,9 ,engl& x 0 br\ght out 9 ,italian at ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,may #f1 #ahgf1 ?\gh its ov]ture 0 play$ by ! ,london ,philh>monic or*e/ra 9 #ahee1 ,wagn] himself lead+4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahdb ,wagn] return$ f ,p>is to ,g]many1 & on 8 way to ,dresd5 visit$ ! ca/le ( ,w>tburg1 9 ! ,?ur+ian ,valley1 :]e he fir/ conceiv$ ! idea ( writ+ ,tannhaeus]4 ,! plot 0 tak5 f an old ,g]man tradition1 :i* c5tres ab\t ! ca/le :]e ! l&graves ( ! ?irte5? c5tury in/itut$ peaceful conte/s betwe5 ! ,m9nes+]s & knightly poets4 ,ne> ?is ca/le t[]s ! ,v5usb]g1 a dre>y elevation1 :i*1 accord+ to popul> tradition1 0 inhabit$ by ,holda1 ! goddess ( ,spr+4 ,proscrib$ by ,*ri/ianity1 %e took refuge 9 its cav]ns1 :]e %e 0 aft]w>ds conf\nd$ ) ! ,grecian ,v5us4 ,h] c\rt 0 fill$ ) nymphs & sir5s1 :o entic$ ^? ^: impure desires l$ !m to its vic9ity1 & lur$ !m into ! cav]ns1 f :i* !y 7 suppos$ nev] to return4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 ?is c\rt1 & reveals ,tannhaeus]1 ! knight & m9/rel1 "u ! sway ( ,v5us4 ,9 spite ( h] fasc9ations he succe$s 9 te>+ himself away1 & we next f9d him at ! ca/le ( ,w>tburg1 ! home ( ,h]mann ! ,l&grave1 ^: daught] ,elizabe? is 9 love ) him4 ,at ! m9/rel conte/ he ent]s into ! li/s ) ! o!r ,m9nes+]s1 &1 impell$ by a reckless audacity & ! subtle influ5ce ( ,v5us1 s+s ( ! attractions ( s5sual pleasures4 ,walt]1 ( ! ,vogelweide1 replies ) a song to virtue4 ,tannhaeus] breaks out 9 r5ew$ s5sual /ra9s1 & a qu>rel ensues4 ,! knights ru% ^u him ) _! swords1 b ,elizabe? int]poses & saves 8 life4 ,he expresses 8 p5it5ce1 makes a pilgrimage to ,rome & confesses to ! ,pope1 :o replies t1 hav+ ta/$ ! pleasures ( hell1 he is =ev] damn$1 &1 rais+ 8 crosi]1 adds3 ,ev5 z ?is wood _c blossom aga91 s !re is no p>don = !e4 ,elizabe? prays = him 9 h] solitude1 b h] pray]s app>5tly are ( no avail4 ,at la/ he returns deject$ & hopeless1 & 9 8 w&]+s meets ,wolfram1 ano!r m9/rel1 also 9 love ) ,elizabe?1 to :om he tells ! sad /ory ( 8 pilgrimage4 ,he det]m9es to return to ! ,v5usb]g4 ,he he>s ! voices ( ! sir5s lur+ him back4 ,wolfram seeks to deta9 him1 b is p[]less until he m5tions ! "n ( ,elizabe?1 :5 ! sir5s vani% & _! spells lose _! attraction4 ,a fun]al procession approa*es 9 ! di/ance1 & on ! bi] is ! =m ( ! sa9tly ,elizabe?4 ,he s9ks d[n ^u ! c(f9 & dies4 ,z 8 _s passes away 8 pilgrim's /aff miracul\sly bur/s out into leaf & blossom1 %[+ t 8 s9s h be5 =giv54 ,! ov]ture to ! op]a is well kn[n by its frequ5t p]=mances z a conc]t numb]4 ,x beg9s ) ! pilgrim's song1 :i*1 z x dies away1 is succe$$ by ! s$uctive spells ( ! ,v5usb]g & ! voices ( ! sir5s call+ to ,tannhaeus]4 ,z ! :irr+ s\nds gr[ fa9t] & fa9t]1 ! pilgrim's song is aga9 he>d gradually approa*+1 & at la/ clos+ ! ov]ture 9 a joy\s bur/ ( h>mony4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) ! sc5e 9 ! ,v5usb]g1 accompani$ by ! ,bac*anale music1 :i* 0 writt5 9 ,p>is by ,wagn] aft] ! op]a 0 f9i%$ & _h be5 p]=m$4 ,x is n[ kn[n z ! ,p>isian ,bac*anale4 ,x is foll[$ by a voluptu\s sc5e betwe5 ,tannhaeus] & ,v5us1 a long dialogue1 dur+ :i* ! h]o1 seiz+ 8 h>p1 trolls out a song 7,do* /]bli*1 a*671 ! !me ( :i* has already be5 giv5 out by ! ov]ture1 express+ 8 we>9ess ( h] companion%ip4 ,! second sc5e transports u to a valley1 above :i* t[]s ! ca/le ( ,w>tburg4 ,a "y %eph]d1 p]*$ ^u a rock1 s+s a pa/oral invocation to ,holda 7,frau ,holda kam aus dem ,b]g h]vor71 ! /ra9s ( 8 pipe 7an oboe obligato7 weav+ ab\t ! /ately *orus ( ! eld] pilgrims 7,zu dir wall' i*1 me9 ,h]r und ,gott7 z !y come along ! m\nta9 pa?s f ! ca/le4 ,! sc5e1 :i* is "o ( great beauty1 closes ) ! lam5t ( ,tannhaeus] 7,a*6 s*w] drueckt mi* d] ,su5d5 ,la/71 int]m+l$ ) ! rec$+ song ( ! pilgrims1 ! r++ ( *ur*-bells 9 ! di/ance1 & ! m]ry notes ( hunt]s' horns z ! ,l&grave & 8 foll[]s approa*4 ,! meet+ ) ,tannhaeus] leads to an expressive septet1 9 :i* ,wolfram has a v impressive solo 7,als du 9 kuehnem ,sange74 ,! second act op5s 9 ! s+]s' hall ( ! ,w>tburg4 ,elizabe?1 ent]+ joyfully1 greets x 9 a recitation 7,froh gruess i* di*1 geliebt] ,raum71 if we may s t]m x1 :i* is *>act]iz$ by a joy\s b dignifi$ dramatic appeal1 recall+ ! sc5es ( h] y\?4 ,! int]view betwe5 ,tannhaeus] & ,elizabe?1 :i* foll[s1 gives rise to a long dialogue1 clos+ ) a union ( ! two voices 9 ! *>m+ duet1 ,gepries5 sei die ,ma*t4 ,!n foll[s ! gr& m>* & *orus1 ,freudig begruess5 wir die edle ,halle1 ann\nc+ ! beg9n+ ( ! song conte/4 ,! /irr+ rhy?m & bold1 broad outl9es ( ?is m>* are s well kn[n t x is ne$less to dwell ^u x4 ,! sc5e ( ! conte/ is declamatory ?r\gh\t1 & full ( animation & _s2 its mo/ sali5t po9ts be+ ! hymn ( ,wolfram 7,o ,himmel las/ di* jetzt erfleh57 9 honor ( ideal love1 & ,elizabe?'s appeal to ! knights to sp>e ,tannhaeus] 7,zurueck von ihm71 :i* leads up to a spirit$ septet & *oral ensemble clos+ ! act4 ,9 ! ?ird act we are once m 9 ! valley ( ! ,w>tburg4 ,aft] a pla9tive song by ,wolfram 7,wohl wus/ i* hi] sie im ,gebet zu f9d571 ! *orus ( ! return+ pilgrims is he>d 9 ! di/ance1 work+ up to a magnific5t cresc5do z !y approa* & cross ! /age4 ,elizabe?1 :o has be5 e>ne/ly wat*+ !m to f9d if ,tannhaeus] be ( _! numb]1 disappo9t$1 s9ks ^u h] knees & s+s ! t\*+ pray]1 ,allmae*t'ge ,jungfrau1 ho] me9 ,fleh54 ,z %e leaves ! sc5e1 ,wolfram takes 8 h>p & s+s ! en*ant+ fantasy to ! ev5+ />1 ,o1 du me9 hold] ,ab5d/]n1--a love-song to ! sa9tly ,elizabe?4 ,tannhaeus] makes 8 appe>ance4 ,a long declamatory dialogue ensues betwe5 himself & ,wolfram1 9 :i* he recites ! /ory ( 8 pilgrimage4 ,! sc5e is "o ( extraord9>y p[]1 & calls = ! highe/ vocal & dramatic qualities 9 ord] to make x effective4 ,f ?is po9t on1 ! trag$y ha/5s4 ,!re is ! /ruggle once m ) ! sir5s1 & amid ,wolfram's t\*+ appeals & ,tannhaeus]'s exclamations is he>d ! enticem5t ( ! ,v5us music4 ,b at ! "n ,elizabe? x dies away4 ,! mi/s gr[ d5s] z ! magic crew disappe>s1 & ?r\gh !m is se5 a light ^u ! ,w>tburg4 ,! toll+ ( bells & ! songs ( m\rn]s are he>d z ! cortege approa*es4 ,z ,tannhaeus] dies1 ! pilgrims' *orus aga9 rises 9 ec/asy1 clos+ ) a mighty %\t ( ,hallelujah6 & ! curta9 falls4 ,,loh5gr94 ,loh5gr91 a romantic op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ! compos]1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,weim>1 ,aug4 #bh1 #ahej1 ! anniv]s>y ( ,goe!'s bir?day1 "u ! direction ( ,franz ,liszt1 & ) ! foll[+ ca/ ( ! lead+ p>ts3-- ,,loh5gr9 ,h]r ,,beck4 ,,telramund ,h]r ,,milde4 ,,k+ ,h]r ,,h(]4 ,,elsa ,frau ,,aga!4 ,,ortrud ,frauele9 ,,fa/l+]4 ,loh5gr9 0 begun 9 ,p>is1 & f9i%$ 9 ,switz]l& dur+ ! p]iod 9 :i* ,wagn] 0 director ( ! musical society z well z ( ! or*e/ra at ! city !atre ( ,zuri*1 :i!r he _h fl$ to escape ! p5alties = tak+ "p 9 ! political agitations & subsequ5t insurrection ( #ahdi4 ,?\gh x manife/s a /ill fur!r advancem5t 9 ! developm5t ( 8 sy/em1 x 0 f> f be+ compos$ accord+ to ! ab/ract rules he _h laid d[n4 ,he says explicitly on ?is po9t1 9 8 ,music ( ! ,future3 ,! fir/ ?ree ( ^! poems--',! ,fly+ ,dut*man1' ',tannhaeus]1' & ',loh5gr9'--7 writt5 by me1 _! music compos$1 & all 7) ! exception ( ',loh5gr9'7 p]=m$ ^u ! /age1 be=e ! composition ( my !oretical writ+s4 ,! /ory ( ,loh5gr91 ! son ( ,p>sifal1 ^u :i* ,wagn] has bas$ 8 drama1 is tak5 f _m s\rces1 ! old ,celtic leg5d ( ,k+ ,ar?ur1 8 knights1 & ! ,holy ,grail be+ mix$ ) ! di/9ctively ,g]man leg5d ( a knight :o arrives 9 8 boat drawn by a swan4 ,! v]sion us$ by ,wagn] is suppos$ to be told by ,wolfram von ,es*5ba*1 ! ,m9nes+]1 at "o ( ! ,w>tburg conte/s1 & is 9 sub/ance z foll[s3 ,h5ry ,i41 ,k+ ( ,g]many1 kn[n z ! ,f[l]1 arrives at ,antw]p = ! purpose ( rais+ a =ce to help him expel ! ,hung>ians1 :o are ?reat5+ 8 dom9ions4 ,he f9ds ,brabant 9 a condition ( an>*y4 ,gottfri$1 ! "y son ( ! late ,duke1 has my/]i\sly disappe>$1 & ,telramund1 ! husb& ( ,ortrud1 daught] ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,friesl&1 claims ! duk$om4 ,! claimant op5ly *>ges ,elsa1 si/] ( ,gottfri$1 ) hav+ murd]$ him to obta9 ! sov]eignty1 & %e is summon$ be=e ! ,k+ to submit h] cause to ! ordeal ( battle betwe5 ,telramund & any knight :om %e may "n4 ,%e describes a *ampion :om %e has se5 9 a vision1 & conjures him to appe> 9 h] behalf4 ,aft] a triple summons by ! h]alds1 he is se5 approa*+ on ! ,s*eldt1 9 a boat drawn by a swan4 ,be=e ! combat ,loh5gr9 betro?s himself to ,elsa1 nam+ only ! condition t %e %all nev] "q him z to 8 "n or race4 ,%e ass5ts1 & ! combat results 9 ,telramund's defeat & public disgrace4 ,9 ! second act occur ! bridal c]emonies1 prior to :i*1 mov$ by ,ortrud's entreaties1 ,elsa promises to obta9 a reprieve = ,telramund f ! s5t5ce :i* has be5 pron\nc$ aga9/ him4 ,at ! same "t ,ortrud takes advantage ( h] success to in/il d\bts into ,elsa's m9d z to h] future happ9ess & ! fai?fulness ( ,loh5gr94 ,9 ! next sc5e1 z ! bridal cortege is ab\t to ent] ! m9/]1 ,ortrud claims ! "r ( prec$5ce by virtue ( h] rank1 & ,telramund publicly accuses ,loh5gr9 ( sorc]y4 ,! fai? ( ,elsa1 h[ev]1 is n %ak54 ,! two conspirators are ord]$ to /& aside1 ! tra9 ent]s ! *ur*1 & ,elsa & ,loh5gr9 are unit$4 ,! ?ird act op5s 9 ! bridal *amb]4 ,! se$s ( curiosity & di/ru/ :i* ,ortrud has s[n 9 ,elsa's m9d h rip5$1 & 9 spite ( h] conviction t x w end h] happ9ess1 %e que/ions ,loh5gr9 ) increas+ vehem5ce1 at la/ op5ly dem&+ to "k 8 secret4 ,at ?is juncture ,telramund breaks into ! ap>tm5t ) f\r foll[]s1 int5d+ to take ! life ( ,loh5gr94 ,a s+le bl[ ( ! knight's sword /ret*es him lifeless4 ,he !n places ,elsa 9 ! *>ge ( h] ladies & ord]s !m to take h] to ! pres5ce ( ! ,k+1 :i!r he also repairs4 ,compell$ by 8 wife's un=tunate ra%ness1 he discloses himself z ! son ( ,p>sifal1 ,knight ( ! ,holy ,grail1 & ann\nces t he mu/ n[ return to its gu>dian%ip4 ,8 swan once m appe>s1 & z he /eps into ! boat he bids ,elsa an et]nal f>ewell4 ,be=e he sails away1 h[ev]1 ,ortrud decl>es to ! wond]+ cr[d t ! swan is ,elsa's bro!r1 :o has be5 bewit*$ by h]self into ?is =m1 & w\ld h be5 releas$ b = ,elsa's curiosity4 ,loh5gr9 at once dis5*ants ! swan1 & ,gottfri$ appe>s & ru%es into 8 si/]'s arms4 ,a :ite dove flies ?r\gh ! air & takes ! place ( ! swan1 & ,loh5gr9 sails away z ,elsa dies 9 ! embrace ( h] newly f\nd bro!r4 ,! ,vorspiel1 or prelude1 to ! op]a takes = its subject ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,grail1 ! my/]i\s symbol ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & ! ,grail motive is ! key to ! :ole "w4 ,! delici\s h>monies :i* accompany its desc5t increase 9 w>m? & p[] until ! sacr$ my/]y is reveal$ to human eyes1 & !n die away to a pianissimo1 & gradually disappe> z ! angels be>+ ! holy vessel return to _! cele/ial abode4 ,! curta9 rises ^u a mead[ on ! banks ( ! ,s*eldt1 %[+ ,k+ ,h5ry surr\nd$ by 8 vassals & reta9]s4 ,aft] _! *oral decl>ation ( allegiance1 ,telramund1 9 a long declamatory sc5a ( great p[] 7,zum ,/]b5 kam d] ,h]zog von ,brabant71 tells ! /ory ( ! tr\bles 9 ,brabant1 & impea*es ,elsa4 ,at ! ,k+'s comm&1 ,elsa appe>s1 & 9 a melodi\s utt]ance ( extreme simplicity & sweetness1 :i* is call$ ! dream motive 7,e9sam 9 trueb5 ,tag571 relates ! vision ( ! knight :o is to come to h] assi/ance4 ,! summons ( ! h]alds preludes ! climax ( ! act4 ,amid natural outcries ( popul> wond]m5t ,loh5gr9 appe>s1 &1 z he leaves 8 boat1 bids f>ewell to 8 swan 9 a /ra9 ( delicate beauty 7,nun sei g$ankt1 me9 lieb] ,s*wan74 ,! prep>ations = ! combat are made1 b be=e x beg9s1 ! motive ( w>n+ is s\nd$ by ,loh5gr9 7,nie soll/ du mi* befrag574 ,! f9ale ( ! act takes ! =m ( a p[]ful ensemble1 compos$ ( sextet & *orus1 & beg9n+ ) ! pray] ( ! ,k+1 ,me9 ,h]r und ,gott1 nun ruf i* ,di*4 ,! second act op5s ^u a night sc5e ne> ! palace1 :i* is m]ry ) ! w$d+ fe/ivities1 :ile ! discomfit$ ,telramund & ,ortrud are plott+ _! conspiracy )\t 9 a long duet 7,erhebe di*1 ,g5oss9 me9] ,s*ma*71 :i* introduces new motives ( hatr$ & rev5ge1 z oppos$ to ! ,grail motive4 ,9 ! second sc5e ,elsa appe>s ^u ! balcony & s+s a love-song 7,eu* ,lueft51 die me9 ,klag571 ^: t5d]ness & confid5ce are 9 m>k$ contra/ ) ! d\bts s[n 9 h] m9d by ,ortrud be=e ! sc5e closes4 ,! ?ird sc5e is prelud$ ) descriptive sunrise music by ! or*e/ra1 foll[$ by ! h]ald's proclamations1 int]sp]s$ by *oral responses1 lead+ up to ! bridal-procession music z ! tra9 moves on f ! palace to ! ca!dral1 accompani$ by a /ately m>* & *oral /ra9s1 & all ! arti/ic surr\nd+s ( a beautiful /age pageant4 ,! progress is twice int]rupt$2 fir/ by ,ortrud1 :o ass]ts h] prec$5ce1 & second by ,telramund1 :o1 9 ! sc5a ,d5 dort im ,glanz1 accuses ,loh5gr9 ( sorc]y4 ,:5 ,elsa /ill expresses h] fai?1 ! tra9 moves on1 & rea*es its de/9ation amid ! acclamations ( ! *orus 7,heil1 ,elsa von ,brabant674 ,! ?ird act op5s 9 ! bridal *amb] ) ! graceful bridal song by ,elsa's ladies1 ,treuli* gefuhrt1 ziehet dah91 ^: melodi\s /ra9s h accompani$ _m unions1 ! _w ov]1 besides ^? ( ,elsa & ,loh5gr94 ,! second sc5e is an exquisite picture ( ! mutual outp\r+ ( love1 at fir/ full ( beauty & t5d]ness1 b gradually d>k5+ z ,ortrud's ins9uations produce _! effect 9 ,elsa's m9d4 ,t5d]ly ,loh5gr9 appeals to h]1 b 9 va92 & at la/ ! motive ( w>n+ is he>d4 ,! fatal que/ions are ask$1 ! trag$y ( ,telramund foll[s1 & all is ov]4 ,! la/ sc5e introduces u once m to ! mead[ on ! ,s*eldt1 :]e ,loh5gr9 appe>s be=e ! ,k+ & 8 vassals4 ,9 _! pres5ce he reveals himself z ! son ( ,p>sifal1 9 a sc5a ( consummate p[] 7,9 f]nem ,l&1 unnahb> eur5 ,s*ritt571 :]e9 ! ,grail motive rea*es its fulle/ developm5t4 ,x is foll[$ by 8 t\*+ f>ewell1 ,o ,elsa6 nur e9 ,jahr an de9] ,seite1 ! melody ( :i* c h>dly be surpass$ 9 dignity & impressiv5ess4 ,! d5\em5t n[ ha/5s1 & ,loh5gr9 disappe>s1 to ! accompanim5t ( ! ,grail motive4 ,,tri/an ,,und ,,isolde4 ,tri/an und ,isolde1 an op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ! compos]1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,muni*1 ,june #aj1 #ahfe1 "u ! direction ( ,hans von ,buel[1 ) ! foll[+ ca/ ( *>act]s3-- ,,tri/an ,h]r ,,ludwig ,,s*norr ,,von ,,c>olsfeld4 ,,kurw5al ,h]r ,,mitt]wurz]4 ,,k+ ,,m>k ,h]r ,,zottmay]4 ,,isolde ,mme4 ,,s*norr ,,von ,,c>olsfeld4 ,,brango5a ,mlle4 ,,de9et4 ,tri/an & ,isolde 0 comm5c$ 9 #aheg & f9i%$ 9 #ahei1 dur+ ! p]iod 9 :i* ,wagn] 0 engag$ ^u 8 colossal "w1 ,! ,r+ ( ! ,nibelung4 ,z e>ly z ! middle ( #aheb he _h f9i%$ ! f\r dramatic poems :i* comprise ! cyclus ( ! latt]1 & dur+ ! next ?ree ye>s he f9i%$ ! music to ,das ,rhe+old & ,die ,walku]e4 ,9 "o ( 8 lett]s he says3 ,9 ! summ] ( #aheg ,i det]m9$ to int]rupt ! execution ( my "w on ! ,nibelung5 & beg9 some?+ %ort]1 :i* %\ld r5ew my connection ) ! /age4 ,! leg5d ( ,tri/an 0 select$4 ,x is d]iv$ f ! old ,celtic /ory ( ,tri/ram & ,iseult1 ! v]sion adopt$ by ,wagn] be+ t ( ,gottfri$ ( ,/rasburg1 a b>d ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ?\gh x mu/ be said he uses x 9 8 own mann]1 & at times widely dep>ts bo? f ! orig9al & ! m$iaeval poem4 ,9 ,tri/an & ,isolde ,wagn] broke completely loose f all ! conv5tional =ms ( op]a4 ,x has no?+ 9 common ) ! old /yle ( lyric ent]ta9m5t4 ,z ,hueff] says1 9 8 rec5t ,life ( ,wagn]3 ,"h is he>d = ! fir/ "t ! unimpair$ language ( dramatic passion int5sifi$ by an un9t]rupt$ fl[ ( expressive melody4 ,"h also ! or*e/ra obta9s t wide range ( emotional expression :i* enables x1 l ! *orus ( ! antique trag$y1 to dis*>ge ! dialogue ( an ov]plus ( lyrical elem5ts )\t weak5+ ! int5sity ( ! situation1 :i* x accompanies l an unceas+ passionate und]curr5t4 ,9 an op]a l ?is1 :i* is int5d$ to comm+le dramatic action1 int5sity ( v]se1 & ! p[] & *>m ( ! music 9 "o homog5e\s :ole1 ! read] w at once obs]ve ! difficulty ( do+ mu* m ?an ! tell+ ( its /ory1 leav+ ! musical declamation & effects to be inf]r$ f ! text4 ,ev5 ,wagn] himself 9 ! orig9al title is c>eful to designate ! "w ,e9 ,h&lung 7an action74 ,! vorspiel to ! drama is bas$ ^u a s+le motive1 :i* is work$ up ) consummate skill into v>i\s melodic =ms1 & frequ5tly appe>s ?r\gh\t ! "w4 ,x might well be t]m$ ! motive ( re/less1 irresi/ible passion4 ,! drama op5s on bo>d a %ip 9 :i* ! ,corni% knight1 ,tri/an1 is be>+ ,isolde1 ! unwill+ ,iri% bride1 to ,k+ ,m>k ( ,cornwall4 ,z ! vessel is ne>+ ! l&1 ,isolde s5ds ,brango5a to ! ,knight1 :o is also 9 love ) h]1 b holds himself alo( by reason ( a blood-feud1 & ord]s him to appe> at h] side4 ,8 refusal turns ,isolde's affection to bitt]ness1 & %e resolves t he %all die1 & t %e w %>e dea? ) him4 ,%e once m calls ,tri/an1 & tells him t ! "t has come = him to make atonem5t = slay+ h] k9sman1 ,morold4 ,%e directs ,brango5a to mix a dea?-potion & invites him to dr9k ) h]1 b )\t h] k ,brango5a has prep>$ a love-potion1 :i* inflames _! passions beyond p[] ( re/ra9t4 ,oblivi\s ( ! l&+1 ! approa* ( ! royal tra91 & all t is go+ on ab\t !m1 !y rema9 fold$ 9 mutual embrace4 ,! second act op5s 9 ,cornwall1 9 a g>d5 :i* leads to ,isolde's *amb]1 %e be+ already w$d$ to ,k+ ,m>k4 ,) ,brango5a %e is wait+ = ,tri/an4 ,! ,k+ goes out ^u a night hunt1 & no soon] has he disappe>$ ?an ,isolde gives ! signal = 8 approa*1 :ile ,brango5a goes to h] /ation to wat*4 ,! second sc5e is a mo/ elaborate love-duet betwe5 ! guilty pair1 ! two voices at fir/ jo9+ 7,bi/ du me98 ,hab'i* di* wi$]874 ,a passionate dialogue ensues1 & !n ! two voices jo9 aga9 7,o s9k' h]ni$]1 ,na*t d] ,liebe74 ,aft] a brief dialogue ,brango5a's w>n+ voice is he>d4 ,absorb$ 9 ea* o!r1 !y pay no he$1 & once m !y jo9 9 ! v ec/asy ( passion1 s f> z x c be giv5 musical =m1 9 ! f9ale ( ! duet1 ,o suesse ,na*t6 ,ew'ge ,na*t6 ,hehr erhabne ,liebes-,na*t4 ,! trea*]y ( ,sir ,melot1 ,tri/an's pret5d$ fri5d1 betrays ! lov]s to ! ,k+4 ,tri/an (f]s no explanations1 b t\*$ by ! ,k+'s bitt] reproa*es provokes ,sir ,melot to combat & all[s himself to be mortally w\nd$4 ,! ?ird act op5s 9 ,brittany1 :i!r ,kurw5al1 ,tri/an's fai?ful h5*man1 has tak5 him4 ,a %eph]d lad wat*es f a neighbor+ height to ann\nce ! appe>ance ( a vessel1 = ,kurw5al has s5t = ,isolde to heal 8 ma/]'s w\nd4 ,at la/ ! /irr+ /ra9s ( ! %eph]d's pipe signal h] com+4 ,9 8 deliri\s joy ,tri/an te>s ! b&ages f 8 w\nds1 & has only /r5g? en\gh left to call ,isolde by "n & die 9 h] arms4 ,n[ a second vessel is se5 approa*+1 be>+ ,k+ ,m>k & 8 m54 ,?9k+ t 8 design is ho/ile1 ,kurw5al attempts to def5d ! ca/le1 b is soon =c$ to yield1 & dies at ! feet ( 8 ma/]4 ,! ,k+ exclaims aga9/ 8 ra%ness1 = s9ce he _h he>d ,brango5a's /ory ( ! love-potion he _h come to give 8 cons5t to ! union ( ! lov]s4 ,isolde1 transfigur$ ) grief1 s+s h] la/ f>ewell to h] lov] 7,mild und leise wie er lae*elt71 & expires on 8 body4 ,! dy+ song is "o ( great beauty & pa?os1 & sadly recalls ! passion ( ! duet 9 ! second act1 z ,isolde's m\rnful /ra9s are accompani$ 9 ! or*e/ra by ! sweetly melodi\s motives :i* _h be5 he>d 9 x1 ! int]weav+ ( ! two also sugge/+ t 9 dea? ! lov]s h be5 reunit$4 ,,! ,,ma/]s+]s4 ,die ,mei/]s+] von ,nu]nb]g1 a comic op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ! compos]1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,muni*1 ,june #ba1 #ahfh1 "u ! direction ( ,hans von ,buel[1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3 ,,hans ,,sa*s ,h]r ,,betz4 ,,walt] ,h]r ,,na*bau]4 ,,beckmess] ,h]r ,,hoelzel4 ,,david ,h]r ,,s*loss]4 ,,eva ,mlle4 ,,mall+]4 ,,magdal5a ,mme4 ,,dietz4 ,! plan ( ,! ,ma/]s+]s 0 conceiv$ ab\t ! same "t z t ( ,loh5gr91 dur+ ! compos]'s /ay at ,m>i5bad1 & occupi$ 8 att5tion at int]vals = tw5ty ye>s1 z x 0 n f9i%$ until #ahfg4 ,z is cle>ly app>5t bo? f its music & text1 x 0 int5d$ z a satire ^u ! compos]'s critics1 :o _h *>g$ t he 0 incapable ( writ+ melody4 ,x is easy to see t ^! critics are symboliz$ by ! old p$ant ,beckmess]1 & t 9 ,walt] we h ,wagn] himself4 ,:5 he is fir/ br\ght 9 contact ) ! ,ma/]s+]s1 & "o ( _! numb]1 ,ko?n]1 asks him if he ga9$ 8 k 9 any s*ool1 he replies1 ,! wood be=e ! ,vogelweid'1 'twas !re ,i le>nt my s++2 & aga9 he answ]s3-- ,:at w9t] night4 ,:at wood s bright1 ,:at book & nature br\ght me1 ,:at poet songs ( magic might ,my/]i\sly h taught me1 ,on horses' tramp1 ,on field & camp1 ,on knights array$ ,= w> p>ade ,my m9d its p[]s ex]t$4 ,! /ory is n only "o ( love z betwe5 ,walt] & ,eva1 b ( satirical prote/ z betwe5 ,walt] & ,beckmess]1 & ! two subjects are illu/rat$ n only ) delicate fancy b ) ! livelie/ ( humor4 ,! "w is replete ) melody4 ,x has *orales1 m>*es1 folk-songs1 duets1 qu9tets1 ensembles1 & *oruses1 & yet ! compos] does n lose sight ( 8 !ories2 = "h we obs]ve z *>act]i/ic a use ( motives & z skilful a comb9ation ( !m z c be f\nd 9 any ( 8 works4 ,to ?or\ghly compreh5d ! /ory1 x is necess>y to und]/& ! conditions "o _h to fulfil be=e he c\ld be a ma/]s+]4 ,fir/ ( all he mu/ ma/] ! ,tabulatur1 :i* includ$ ! rules & prohibitions4 ,!n he mu/ h ! requisite acqua9tance ) ! v>i\s me?ods ( rhym+ v]se1 & ) ! mann] ( fitt+ appropriate music to x4 ,"o :o _h p>tially ma/]$ ! ,tabulatur 0 t]m$ a s*ol>2 ! "o :o _h ?or\ghly le>n$ x1 a s*oolman2 ! "o :o c\ld improvise v]ses1 a poet2 & ! "o :o c\ld set music to 8 v]ses1 a ma/]s+]4 ,9 ! te/ !re 7 ?irty-?ree faults to be gu>d$ aga9/2 & :5ev] ! m>k] _h *alk$ up sev5 aga9/ ! c&idate1 he 0 decl>$ to h ov]sung himself & lo/ ! covet$ honor4 ,! vorspiel is a vivid del9eation ( m$iaeval ,g]man life1 full ( fe/ive pomp1 /irr+ action1 gl[+ passion1 & exub]ant humor4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ka!r9e1 at ,nuremb]g1 ) ! s++ ( a *orale to organ accompanim5t4 ,dur+ ! *orale & its int]ludes a quiet love-sc5e is be+ enact$ betwe5 ,eva1 daught] ( ! weal?y goldsmi? ,veit ,pogn]1 & ,walt] von ,/olz+1 a noble "y knight4 ,! attraction is mutual4 ,eva is ready to become 8 bride1 b x is necess>y t h] husb& %\ld be a ma/]s+]4 ,r ?an give up ! h& ( ! fair ,eva1 ,walt]1 %ort z ! "t is1 det]m9es to ma/] ! precepts & ent] ! li/s4 ,z ,eva & h] att5dant1 ,magdal5a1 leave ! *ur*1 ! appr5tices ent] to arrange = ! trial1 among !m ,david1 ! friskie/ ( !m all1 :o is 9 love ) ,magdal5a4 ,he volunte]s to give ,walt] "s in/ructions1 b !y d n avail him mu* 9 ! end1 = ! lesson is sadly di/urb$ by ! gibes ( ! boys1 9 a sc5e full ( musical humor4 ,at la/ ,pogn] & ,beckmess]1 ! m>k]1 :o is also a competitor = ,eva's h&1 ent] f ! sacri/y4 ,aft] a long dialogue betwe5 !m ! o!r ma/]s assemble1 ,hans ,sa*s1 ! cobbl]-b>d1 com+ 9 la/4 ,aft] call+ ! roll1 ! c]emonies op5 ) a pomp\s address by ,pogn] 7,das s*o5e ,fe/1 ,johannis-,tag71 9 :i* he promises ! h& ( ,eva1 ) my gold & goods beside1 to ! successful s+] on ! morr[1 :i* is ,john ! ,bapti/'s ,day4 ,aft] a long p>ley among ! gossip+ ma/]s1 ,pogn] introduces ,walt] z a c&idate = election4 ,he s+s a *>m+ song 7,s rief d] ,l5z 9 d5 ,wald71 & z he s+s1 ! m>k]1 conceal$ beh9d a scre51 is he>d scor+ d[n ! faults4 ,:5 he displays ! slate x is f\nd to be cov]$ ) !m4 ,! ma/]s decl>e him outsung & reject$1 b ,hans ,sa*s befri5ds him1 & dem&s he %all h a *ance = ! prize4 ,! second act discloses ,pogn]'s h\se & ,sa*s's %op4 ,! appr5tices are busy putt+ up ! %utt]s1 & are s++ z !y "w4 ,walt] meets ,eva & plots an elopem5t ) h]1 b ,sa*s prev5ts !m f c>ry+ out _! ra% plan4 ,mean:ile ,beckmess] makes 8 appe>ance ) 8 lute = ! purpose ( s]5ad+ ,eva & rehe>s+ ! song he is to s+ = ! prize on ! morr[4 ,z he is ab\t to s+1 ,sa*s breaks out into a rollick+ folk-song 7,j]um1 j]um1 halla1 halla1 he671 9 :i* he s+s ( ,"m ,eve & ! tr\bles %e _h aft] %e left ,p>adise1 = want ( %oes4 ,at la/ he all[s ,beckmess] a he>+1 provid$ he w p]mit him to m>k ! faults ) 8 hamm] ^u ! %oe he is mak+4 ,! m>k] cons5ts1 & s+s 8 song1 ,d5 ,tag seh' i* ers*e951 accompani$ ) excruciat+ r\lades ( ! old-fa%ion$ conv5tional sort2 b ,sa*s knocks s (t5 t 8 %oe is f9i%$ long be=e ,beckmess]'s song4 ,?is is 8 fir/ humiliation4 ,be=e ! act f9i%es he is plung$ into /ill fur!r tr\ble1 = ,david suspects him ( designs ^u ,magdal5a1 & a g5]al qu>rel ensues4 ,! ?ird act op5s ^u a peaceful ,sunday-morn+ sc5e 9 ! sleepy old t[n1 & %[s u ,sa*s sitt+ 9 8 arm-*air at ! w9d[ read+ 8 ,bible1 & n[ & !n express+ 8 hopes = ,walt]'s success1 z ! great conte/ is soon to take place4 ,at la/ he leans back1 & aft] a brief m$itation comm5ces a *>act]i/ic song 7,wahn6 wahn6 ,ueb]all wahn674 ,a long dialogue ensues betwe5 him & ,walt]1 & !n z ,eva1 ,david1 ,magdal5a1 & ,beckmess] successively ent]1 ! sc5e develops into a magnific5t qu9tet1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ numb]s 9 ! op]a4 ,! situation !n sudd5ly *anges4 ,! /age-sett+ repres5ts an op5 mead[ on ! banks ( ! ,pegnitz4 ,! riv] is cr[d$ ) boats4 ,! pla9 is cov]$ ) t5ts full ( m]rymak]s4 ,! diff]5t guilds are cont9ually arriv+4 ,a liveli] or m /irr+ sc5e c h>dly be imag9$ ?an ,wagn] has "h pictur$1 ) its accompanim5t ( *oruses by ! v>i\s h&icraftsm51 _! pomp\s m>*es1 & ! rural /ra9s ( t[n pip]s4 ,at la/ ! conte/ beg9s4 ,beckmess] attempts to get ?r\gh 8 song & dismally fails4 ,walt] foll[s him ) ! beautiful prize-song1 ,morg5li* leu*t5d 9 rosigem ,s*e94 ,he w9s ! day & ! h& ( ,eva4 ,exultant ,sa*s trolls out a lu/y lay 7,v]a*tet mir d] ,mei/] ni*t71 & ! /irr+ sc5e ends ) ! acclamations ( ! p 7,heil ,sa*s6 ,hans ,sa*s6 ,heil ,nu]nb]g's !urem ,sa*s674 ,,! ,,r+ ,,( ,,! ,,nibelung4 ,d] ,r+ des ,nibelung51 a trilogy1 ! subject tak5 f ! ,nibelung5 ,li$ & adapt$ by ! compos]1 0 fir/ conceiv$ by ,wagn] dur+ ! composition ( ,loh5gr94 ,! f\r dramatic poems :i* con/itute its cyclus 7 writt5 z e>ly z #aheb1 :i* w correct a v g5]al impression t ?is colossal "w 0 project$ dur+ ! clos+ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,on ! contr>y1 x 0 ! product ( 8 prime4 ,hueff]1 9 8 biographical sket* ( ,wagn]1 says t he hesitat$ betwe5 ! hi/orical & my?ical pr9ciples z ! subjects ( 8 "w1--,fr$]ick ! ,fir/ repres5t+ ! =m]1 & ,siegfri$1 ! h]o ( ,teutonic my?ology1 ! latt]4 ,siegfri$ 0 f9ally select$4 ,wagn] began at once sket*+ ! subject1 b gradually ! imm5se bread? & gr&eur ( ! old types began to exp& "u 8 h&s1 & ! result 0 a trilogy1 or r tetralogy1 ( enorm\s dim5sions1 p]haps ! mo/ colossal attempt ^u :i* ! dramatic muse has v5tur$ s9ce ! times ( ,a,eschylus4 ,! trilogy is really 9 f\r p>ts1--,das ,rhe+old 7! ,rh9egold72 ,die ,walku]e 7! ,valkyrie72 ,siegfri$2 & ,die ,goett]daemm]ung 7! ,twilight ( ! ,gods71 ,! ,rh9egold be+ 9 ! nature ( an introduction to ! trilogy prop]1 ?\gh occupy+ an ev5+ = its p]=mance4 ,betwe5 ! ye>s #aheb & #ahef ! compos] wrote ! music ( ! ,rh9egold & ! :ole ( ,! ,valkyrie2 & !n1 z he says himself1 wi%+ to keep up 8 active connection ) ! /age1 he int]rupt$ ! progress ( ! ma9 s*eme1 & wrote ,tri/an & ,isolde1 :i* occupi$ him f #ahef to #ahei4 ,dur+ its composition1 h[ev]1 he did n entirely =sake ! trilogy4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahef he began ,siegfri$1 ! composition ( :i* 0 n f9i%$ until #ahfi1 ow+ to _m o!r objects :i* engag$ 8 att5tion dur+ ?is p]iod1 "o ( :i* 0 ! composition ( ,! ,ma/]s+]s1 :i* he wrote at int]vals betwe5 #ahfa & #ahfg4 ,f ! latt] ye> until #ahgf1 :5 ! trilogy 0 produc$ at ,baireu?1 he gave himself :olly to ! "w ( complet+ x & prep>+ x = ! /age4 ,prior to ! production ( ! complet$ "w1 sep>ate p>ts ( x 7 giv51 ?\gh ,wagn] /rongly oppos$ x4 ,! ,rh9egold1 or introduction1 came to a public dress-rehe>sal at ,muni* ,aug4 #be1 #ahfi1 & ,! ,valkyrie 0 p]=m$ 9 a simil> mann] 9 ! same city1 ,june #bd1 #ahgj1 ) ! foll[+ ca/3-- ,,wotan ,h]r ,,k9d]mann4 ,,siegmund ,h]r ,,vogl4 ,,hund+ ,h]r ,,baus]we94 ,,bru5nhilde ,frl4 ,,/ehle4 ,,siegl9de ,frau ,,vogl4 ,,fricka ,frl4 ,,kauffmann4 ,! ,siegfri$ & ,goett]daemm]ung1 h[ev]1 7 n giv5 until ! entire "w 0 p]=m$ 9 #ahgf4 ,^u ! completion ( 8 colossal task ,wagn] began to look ab\t him = ! locality1 !atre1 arti/s1 & mat]ials suitable = a successful repres5tation4 ,9 ! circul> :i* he issu$1 n>rat+ ! circum/ances :i* l$ up to ! build+ ( ! ,baireu? op]a-h\se1 he says3 ,z e>ly z ! spr+ ( #ahga ,i _h1 quietly & unnotic$1 _h my eye ^u ,baireu?1 ! place ,i _h *os5 = my purpose4 ,! idea ( us+ ! ,m>gravian ,op]a-,h\se 0 ab&on$ s soon z ,i saw its int]ior con/ruction4 ,b yet ! peculi> "* ( t k9dly t[n & its site s answ]$ my requirem5ts1 t dur+ ! w9try latt] "p ( ! autumn ( ! same ye> ,i repeat$ my visit1--?is "t1 h[ev]1 to treat ) ! city au?orities4444 ,an unsurpassably beautiful & eligible plot ( gr\nd at no great di/ance f ! t[n 0 giv5 me on :i* to erect ! propos$ !atre4 ,hav+ come to an und]/&+ z to its erection ) a man ( approv$ inv5tive g5ius1 & ( r>e exp]i5ce 9 ! int]ior arrangem5t ( !atres1 we c\ld !n intru/ to an ar*itect ( equal acqua9tance ) !atrical build+ ! fur!r plann+ & ! erection ( ! provisional /ructure4 ,& despite ! great difficulties :i* att5d$ ! arrangem5ts = putt+ "u way s unusual an und]tak+1 we made su* progress t ! lay+ ( ! corn]-/one c\ld be ann\nc$ to our patrons & fri5ds = ,may #bb1 #ahgb4 ,! c]emony took place z ann\nc$1 & 0 made /ill fur!r memorable by a magnific5t p]=mance ( ,bee?ov5's ,n9? or ,*oral ,symphony1 ! *orus ( :i*1 set to ,s*ill]'s ,ode to ,joy1 0 sung by hundr$s ( lu/y ,g]man ?roats4 ,9 addition to ! o!r cont5ts ( ! /one1 ,wagn] deposit$ ! foll[+ my/ic v]se ( 8 own3 ,i bury "h a secret deep1 ,= c5turies long to lie conceal$2 ,yet :ile ?is /one its tru/ %all keep1 ,to all ! secret /&s reveal$4 ,he also made an eloqu5t address1 sett+ =? ! details ( ! plans & ! purposes ( ! new temple ( art4 ,! und]tak+ 0 n[ fairly inaugurat$4 ,! erratic ,k+ ( ,bav>ia _h f ! fir/ be5 ,wagn]'s /eadfa/ fri5d & munific5t patron2 b n to him alone belongs ! cr$it ( ! colossal project & its rem>kable success4 ,:5 ,wagn] fir/ made kn[n 8 views1 o!r fri5ds1 among !m ,tausig1 ! em95t piani/1 at once devot$ !mselves to 8 cause4 ,9 connection ) a lady ( high rank1 ,b>oness von ,s*le9itz1 he propos$ to raise ! sum ( ?ree hundr$ ?\s& ?al]s by ! sale ( patronage %>es at ?ree hundr$ ?al]s ea*1 & _h already ent]$ ^u ! "w :5 8 dea? = ! "t da%$ ,wagn]'s hopes4 ,o!r fri5ds1 h[ev]1 n[ came =w>d4 ,an organization = ! promotion ( ! s*eme1 call$ ! ,ri*>d ,wagn] ,society1 0 />t$ at ,mannheim4 ,not)/&+ ! ridicule :i* x excit$1 ano!r society 0 =m$ at ,vi5na4 ,l societies began to appe> 9 all ! pr9cipal cities ( ,g]many1 & !y f\nd imitators 9 ,milan1 ,pe/h1 ,brussels1 ,london1 & ,new ,york4 ,%>es 7 tak5 s rapidly t ! success ( ! und]tak+ 0 no long] d\btful4 ,mean:ile ! !atre itself 0 "u con/ruction4 ,x comb9$ sev]al peculi>ities1 "o ( ! mo/ novel ( :i* 0 ! concealm5t ( ! or*e/ra by ! s9k+ ( ! floor1 s t ! view ( ! audi5ce c\ld n be int]rupt$ by ! musicians & _! movem5ts4 ,private boxes 7 done away )1 ! arrangem5t ( ! seats be+ l t ( an anci5t amphi!atre1 all ( !m fac+ ! /age4 ,two prosc5iums 7 con/ruct$ :i* gave an indef9able s5se ( di/ance to ! /age-picture4 ,to relieve ! b>e side walls1 a r[ ( pill>s 0 plann$1 gradually wid5+ outw>d & =m+ ! end ( ! r[s ( seats1 ?us hav+ ! effect ( a ?ird prosc5ium4 ,! /age portion ( ! !atre 0 twice z high z ! re/ ( ! build+1 = all ! sc5]y 0 bo? rais$ & l[]$1 ! incongruity betwe5 ! two p>ts be+ conceal$ by a facade 9 front4 ,:oev] has rightly und]/ood me1 says ,wagn]1 w readily p]ceive t ar*itecture itself _h to acquire a new significance "u ! inspiration ( ! g5ius ( ,music1 & ?us t ! my? ( ,amphion build+ ! walls ( ,!bes by ! notes ( 8 lyre has yet a mean+4 ,! !atre 0 complet$ 9 #ahgf1 & 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ 7#ac-af7 ,wagn] saw ! dream ( 8 life take ! =m ( reality4 ,he _h ev]y?+ at 8 comm&1--a !atre specially con/ruct$ = 8 purpose2 a /age :i* 9 size1 sc5]y1 me*anical arrangem5ts1 & g5]al equipm5t1 has n its equal 9 ! _w2 an array ( arti/s ! be/ t ,europe c\ld produce2 an or*e/ra almo/ lit]ally compos$ ( virtuosi4 ,! audi5ce :i* ga!r$ at ^! p]=mances--compos$ ( pr9ces1 illu/ri\s m5 9 e dep>tm5t ( sci5ce & culture1 & prom95t musicians f all p>ts ( ! _w--0 "o ( :i* any compos] might h be5 pr\d1 :ile ! repres5tation itself m>k$ an epo* 9 musical hi/ory1 & promulgat$ a new sy/em ( laws de/9$ to affect op]atic composition ev] aft]4 ,! ca/s ( ! v>i\s portions ( ! trilogy ^u ?is memorable occasion 7 z foll[s3 ,,das ,,rhe+old4 7,,prelude47 ,,wotan 7,h]r ,,betz4 ,,donn] 7,h]r ,,gura4 ,gods ,,froh 7,h]r ,,ung]4 ,,loge 7,h]r ,,vogl4 ,,fasolt 7,h]r ,,eil]s4 ,giants ,,fafn] 7,h]r ,,von ,,rei*5b]g4 ,,alb]i* 7,h]r ,,hill4 ,nibelungs ,,mime 7,h]r ,,s*loss]4 ,,fricka 7,frau ,,von ,,gru5-,,sadl]4 ,,freia ,goddesses 7,frl4 ,,haupt4 ,,erda 7,frau ,,jaeida4 ,wogl9de 7 7 ,frl4 ,lilly ,lehmann4 ,wellgunde 7 ,rh9e daught]s 7 ,frl4 ,m>ie ,lehmann4 ,flos%ilde 7 7 ,frl4 ,lamm]t4 ,,die ,,walku]e4 ,,siegmund ,h]r ,,niemann4 ,,hund+ ,h]r ,,ni]+4 ,,wotan ,h]r ,,betz4 ,,siegl9de ,frl4 ,,s*efzky4 ,,bru5nhilde ,frau ,,fri$ri*-,,mat]na4 ,,fricka ,frau ,,von ,,gru5-,,sadl]4 ,,siegfri$4 ,,siegfri$ ,h]r ,,ung]4 ,,mime ,h]r ,,s*loss]4 ,,d] ,,w&]] ,h]r ,,betz4 ,,alb]i* ,h]r ,,hill4 ,,fafn] ,h]r ,,von ,,rei*5b]g4 ,,erda ,frau ,,jaeida4 ,,bru5nhilde ,frau ,,fri$ri*-,,mat]na ,,d] ,,goett]daemm]ung4 ,,siegfri$ ,h]r ,,ung]4 ,,gun!r ,h]r ,,gura4 ,,hag5 ,h]r ,,von ,,rei*5b]g4 ,,alb]i* ,h]r ,,hill4 ,,bru5nhilde ,frau ,,fri$ri*-,,mat]na4 ,,gutrune ,frl4 ,,weck]l94 ,,waltraute ,frau ,,jaeida4 ,! motive ( ! drama turns ^u ! possession ( a r+ ( magic qualities1 made ( gold /ol5 f ! ,rh9e daught]s by ,alb]i*1 "o ( ! ,nibelung51 :o dwelt 9 ,nebelheim1 ! place ( mi/s4 ,?is r+1 ! symbol ( all e>?ly p[]1 0 at ! same "t to br+ a curse ^u all :o possess$ x4 ,wotan1 ( ! race ( ! gods1 covet\s ( p[] & he$less ( ! curse :i* foll[s x1 obta9$ ! r+ f ,alb]i* by =ce & cunn+1 & soon f\nd himself involv$ 9 calamity f :i* !re 0 no app>5t escape4 ,he himself c\ld n expiate ! wrong he _h done1 nor c\ld he av]t ! imp5d+ doom1 ! twilight ( ! gods1 :i* 0 sl[ly & surely approa*+4 ,only a free w1 indep5d5t ( ! gods1 & able to take ^u itself ! fault1 c\ld make rep>ation = ! de$4 ,at la/ he yields to despair4 ,8 w is brok51 & in/ead ( fe>+ ! inevitable doom he c\rts x4 ,9 ?is sore em]g5cy ! h]o appe>s4 ,he belongs to an h]oic race ( m51 ! ,volsungs4 ,! unnatural union ( ! tw9s1 ,siegmund & ,siegl9de1 born ( ?is race1 produces ! real h]o1 ,siegfri$4 ,! p>5ts pay ! p5alty ( ince/ ) _! lives2 b ,siegfri$ rema9s1 & ,wotan wat*es 8 gr[? & magnific5t developm5t ) eag] int]e/4 ,siegfri$ recov]s ! r+ f ! giants1 to :om ,wotan _h giv5 x1 by slay+ a dragon :i* gu>d$ ! fatal treasure4 ,bru5nhilde1 ! ,valkyr1 ,wotan's daught]1 contr>y to 8 in/ructions1 _h protect$ ,siegmund 9 a qu>rel :i* result$ 9 8 dea?1 & 0 condemn$ by ! irate god to fall into a deep sleep ^u a rock surr\nd$ by flames1 :]e %e 0 to rema9 until a h]o %\ld appe> bold en\gh to break ?r\gh ! wall ( fire & awak5 h]4 ,siegfri$ rescues h]4 ,%e wak5s into ! full consci\sness ( passionate love1 & yields h]self to ! h]o1 :o pres5ts h] ) ! r+1 b n be=e x has work$ its curse ^u him1 s t he1 fai?less ev5 9 8 fai?fulness1 w\nds h] :om he deeply loves1 & drives h] f him4 ,mean:ile ,gun!r1 ,gutrune1 & _! half-bro!r ,hag5 conspire to obta9 ! r+ f ,bru5nhilde & to kill ,siegfri$4 ,?r\gh ! ag5cy ( a magic draught he is induc$ to des]t h]1 aft] once m gett+ ! r+4 ,he !n m>ries ,gutrune4 ,! curse soon rea*es its consummation4 ,"o day1 :ile trav]s+ 8 favorite =e/s on a hunt+ exp$ition1 he is kill$ by ,hag51 ) ,gun!r's connivance4 ,! two murd]]s !n qu>rel = ! possession ( ! r+1 & ,gun!r is sla94 ,hag5 attempts to wre/ x f ! dead h]o's f+]1 b %r9ks back t]rifi$ z ! h& is rais$ 9 w>n+4 ,bru5nhilde n[ appe>s1 takes ! r+1 & proclaims h]self 8 true wife4 ,%e m\nts h] /e$1 & da%es into ! fun]al pyre ( ,siegfri$ aft] return+ ! r+ to ! ,rh9e-daught]s4 ,?is supreme act ( immolation breaks =ev] ! p[] ( ! gods1 z is %[n by ! blaz+ ,walhalla 9 ! sky2 b at ! same "t ju/ice has be5 satisfi$1 rep>ation has be5 made = ! orig9al wrong1 & ! free w ( man becomes e/abli%$ z a human pr9ciple4 ,su* are ! outl9es ( ?is great /ory1 :i* w be told m 9 detail :5 we come to exam9e ! compon5t p>ts ( ! trilogy4 ,dr4 ,ludwig ,nohl1 9 8 admirable sket* ( ! ,nibelung5 poem1 z ,wagn] adapt$ x1 gives u a h9t ( "s ( its inn] mean+s 9 ! foll[+ extract3 ,temporal p[] is n ! highe/ de/9y ( a civiliz+ p4 ,t our ance/ors 7 consci\s ( ?is is %[n 9 ! fact t ! treasure1 or gold & its p[]1 0 trans=m$ into ! ,holy ,grail4 ,worldly aims give place to spiritual desires4 ,) ?is int]pretation ( ! ,nibelung5 my?1 ,wagn] ackn[l$g$ ! gr& & et]nal tru? t ?is life is tragic ?r\gh\t1 & t ! w :i* w\ld m\ld a _w to accord ) "o's desires c f9ally lead to no great] satisfaction ?an to break itself 9 a noble dea?4444 ,x is ?is conqu]+ ( ! _w ?r\gh ! victory ( self :i* ,wagn] conveys z ! highe/ int]pretation ( our national my?s4 ,z ,bru5nhilde approa*es ! fun]al pyre to sacrifice h] life1 ! only tie /ill unit+ h] ) ! e>?1 to ,siegfri$1 ! belov$ dead1 %e says3-- ',to ! _w ,i w give n[ my holie/ wisdom2 ,n goods1 nor gold1 nor godlike pomp1 ,n h\se1 nor l&s1 nor lordly /ate1 ,n wick$ plott+s ( crafty m51 ,n base deceits ( cunn+ law1-- ,b1 ble/ 9 joy & sorr[1 let only love rema94' ,we n[ proce$ to ! analysis ( ! f\r divisions ( ! "w1 9 :i* task1 = obvi\s reasons1 x w be h>dly possible to d m ?an sket* ! progress ( ! action1 ) allusions to its mo/ /rik+ musical features4 ,!re are no set numb]s1 z 9 ! ,italian op]a2 & m]ely to designate ! lead+ motives & trace _! relation to ea* o!r1 to ! action ( ! dramatis p]sonae1 & to ! progress ( ! f\r movem5ts1 n alone t[>ds _! own climaxes b t[>ds ! ultimate d5\em5t1 w\ld necessitate f> m space ?an c be _h 9 a "w ( ?is k9d4 ,,das ,,rhe+old4 ,! or*e/ral prelude to ,! ,rh9egold is bas$ ^u a s+le figure1 ! ,rh9e motive1 :i* 9 its *ang+ developm5ts pictures ! calm at ! bottom ( ! ,rh9e & ! undulat+ movem5t ( ! wat]4 ,! curta9 rises & discloses ! dep?s ( ! riv]1 f :i* rise rugg$ ridges ( rock4 ,ar\nd "o ( ^!1 ^u ! summit ( :i* gli/5s ! ,rh9egold1 ,wogl9de1 a ,rh9e-daught]1 is swimm+4 ,two o!rs1 ,wellgunde & ,flos%ilde1 jo9 h]2 & z !y play ab\t ! gleam+ gold1 ,alb]i*1 a dw>f1 sudd5ly appe>s f a d>k recess & passionately wat*es !m4 ,z !y are mak+ sport ( him1 8 eye falls ^u ! gold & he det]m9es to possess x4 ,!y make light ( 8 ?reat1 in=m+ him t :oev] %all =ge a r+ ( ?is gold w h secur$ univ]sal p[]1 b be=e he c obta9 t p[] he w h to r5\nce love4 ,! disclosure ( ! secret foll[s a mo/ exultant song ( ! ,und9es 7,rhe+old6 leu*t5de ,lu/6 wie la*/ du s hell und hehr674 ,9 ! ann\ncem5t made by !m also occurs ! motive ( ! r+4 ,! ,rh9e-daught]s1 :o h fanci$ t ,alb]i* w nev] /eal ! gold because he is 9 love ) !m1 are soon undeceiv$1 = he curses love1 & snat*es ! gold & makes (f ) x1 pursu$ by ! disconsolate maid5s1 ^: song *anges into a sad m9or lead+ up to ! next sc5e4 ,z !y foll[ him into ! d>k dep?s ! /ream s9ks ) !m & gives place to an op5 di/rict ) a m\nta9 9 ! backgr\nd1 ^u :i* is ! gli/5+ ,walhalla1 :i* ! giants h j built = ! gods4 ,wotan & ,fricka are discov]$ awak5+ f sleep & joyfully contemplat+ x1 ! latt]1 h[ev]1 fill$ ) appreh5sion le/ ! giants %all claim ,freia1 ! goddess ( love1 :om ,wotan has promis$ to !m z ! rew>d = _! "w4 ,loge1 ! god ( fire1 h[ev]1 has agre$ to obta9 a ransom = h]4 ,he has se>*$ ! _w ov]1 b has be5 unable to f9d any?+ t c excel 9 value or attraction ! *>m ( love4 ,z ! gods are contemplat+ _! ca/le ,loge appe>s1 & 9 a sc5e ( great p[]1 accompani$ by music :i* vividly describes ! elem5t he dom9ates 7,imm] i/ ,undank ,loge's ,lohn71 he n>rates ! tid+s ( 8 failure4 ,! giants1 h[ev]1 h he>d ! /ory ( ! ,rh9egold1 & z !y c>ry (f ! weep+ ,freia agree to release h] :5ev] ! gods w give to !m ! preci\s & all-p[]ful metal4 ,z love dep>ts1 ! heav5s become d>k & sadness ov]comes ! gods4 ,!y gr[ sudd5ly old & decrepit4 ,fricka tott]s & ,wotan yields to despair4 ,d>kness & decay settle d[n ^u !m4 ,! div9e wills are brok51 & !y are ab\t to surr5d] to :at seems approa*+ dissolution1 :5 ,wotan sudd5ly ar\ses himself & det]m9es to g 9 que/ ( ! all-p[]ful gold4 ,loge accompanies him1 & ! two ent] ! d>k k+dom ( ! gnomes1 :o are con/antly at "w =g+ ! metals4 ,by virtue ( 8 gold ,alb]i* has already made himself ma/] ( all ! gnomes1 b ,wotan easily ov]p[]s him & c>ries him (f to ! m\nta94 ,! ,nibelung1 h[ev]1 cl+s to 8 preci\s gold1 & a /ruggle ensues = x4 ,9 spite ( 8 /r5g? & ! p[] ! r+ gives to him x is wr5*$ f him1 & ! victori\s ,wotan leaves him free to return to 8 gloomy k+dom4 ,infuriat$ ) disappo9tm5t ov] 8 loss & rage at 8 defeat1 ,alb]i* curses ! r+ & invokes mis=tune ^u him :o possesses x4 ,may he :o has x n1 covet x ) rage1 cries ! dw>f1 & may he :o has x1 reta9 x ) ! angui% ( fe>2 & ) curse ^u curse he disappe>s4 ,n[ t he has ! r+1 ,wotan is unwill+ to give x up4 ,! o!r gods implore him to d s1 & ! giants dem& _! ransom4 ,he rema9s inflexible2 b at la/ ,erda1 ! anci5t div9ity1 to :om all ?+s are kn[n1 pa/1 pres5t & future1 appe>s to ,wotan & w>ns him to surr5d] ! r+4 ,%e decl>es t all :i* exi/s w h an end1 & t a night ( gloom w come ^u ! gods4 ,s long z he reta9s ! r+ a curse w foll[ x4 ,h] s9i/] =ebod+ s al>ms him t at la/ he ab&ons ! gold4 ,y\?1 pride1 & /r5g? once m return to ! gods4 ,! gr& clos+ sc5e ( ! prelude n[ beg9s4 ,wotan attempts to ent] ,walhalla1 b all is veil$ 9 oppressive mi/ & heavy cl\ds4 ,! mighty ,donn]1 accompani$ by ,froh1 climbs a high rock 9 ! valley's slope & br&i%es 8 hamm]1 summon+ ! cl\ds ab\t him4 ,f out _! d>kness its bl[s are he>d desc5d+ ^u ! rock4 ,lightn+ leaps f !m1 & ?und]-cra%es foll[ ea* o!r ) deaf5+ s\nds4 ,! ra9 falls 9 heavy drops4 ,!n ! cl\ds "p1 & reveal ! two 9 ! mid/ ( _! /orm-spell4 ,9 ! di/ance appe>s ,walhalla ba!d 9 ! gl[ ( ! sett+ sun4 ,f _! feet /ret*es a lum9\s ra9b[ across ! valley to ! ca/le1 :ile out f ! disappe>+ /orm comes ! sweet ra9b[ melody4 ,froh s+s1 ,?\gh built lightly x looks1 fa/ & fit is ! bridge4 ,! gods are fill$ ) delight1 b ,wotan gloomily contemplates ! ca/le z ! curse ( ! r+ recurs to him4 ,at la/ a new ?\ght comes 9 8 m9d4 ,! h]o :o w make rep>ation is to come f ! new race ( mortals ( 8 own begett+4 ,! ?\ght appe>s 9 ! sword motive1 & z its /ately melody dies away1 ,wotan r\ses f 8 contemplation & hails ,walhalla ) joy z a %elt] f %ame & h>m4 ,he takes ,fricka by ! h&1 & lead+ ! way1 foll[$ by ,froh1 ,freia1 ,donn]1 & ,loge1 ! la/ some:at reluctantly1 ! gods pass ov] ! ra9b[ bridge & ent] ,walhalla ba!d 9 ! light ( ! sett+ sun & accompani$ by ! /ra9s ( a maje/ic m>*4 ,dur+ _! passage ! pla9tive song ( ! ,rh9e-daught]s m\rn+ _! gold comes up f ! dep?s4 ,wotan pauses a mom5t & inquires ! mean+ ( ! s\nds1 & bids ,loge s5d a message to !m t ! treasure %all gleam no m = ! maids4 ,!n !y pass laugh+ly & mock+ly on ?r\gh ! spl5dor to ,walhalla4 ,! sad song /ill rises f ! dep?s ( ! ,rh9e1 b x is ov]p[]$ by ! /ra9s ( ! m>*1 & peal+ music f ! ca/le4 ,! curta9 falls ^u _! lam5ts1 & ! triumphant entrance ( ! gods into _! new home4 ,,die ,,walku]e4 ,9 ,! ,valkyrie1 prop]ly ! fir/ "p ( ! cyclus1 ! human drama beg9s4 ,/rong races ( m5 h come into exi/5ce1 & ,wotan's ,valkyres wat* ov] !m1 lead+ ^? :o fall 9 battle to ,walhalla1 :]e1 9 ! gods' companion%ip1 !y are to pass a glori\s life4 ,accord+ to ! orig9al leg5d1 ,wotan bless$ an unfruitful m>riage ( ?is race by giv+ ! pair an apple ( ,hulda to eat1 & ! tw9s1 ,siegmund & ,siegl9de1 7 ! result ( ! union4 ,:5 ! fir/ act op5s1 ,siegmund has already tak5 a wife & ,siegl9de has m>ri$ ! savage w>rior ,hund+1 b nei!r m>riage has be5 fruitful4 ,x is introduc$ ) an or*e/ral prelude repres5t+ a /orm4 ,! p\r+ ( ! ra9 is audible among ! viol9s & ! rumbl+ ( ! ?und] 9 ! deep basses4 ,! curta9 rises1 disclos+ ! int]ior ( a rude hut1 its ro( support$ by ! bran*es ( an a%-tree ^: trunk rises ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! ap>tm5t4 ,z ! tempe/ rages )\t1 ,siegmund ru%es 9 & falls exhau/$ by ! fire4 ,attract$ by ! noise1 ,siegl9de appe>s1 & obs]v+ ! fall5 /rang] b5ds compassionately ov] him & (f]s him a horn ( mead4 ,z _! eyes meet !y wat* ea* o!r ) /range int]e/ & gr[+ emotion4 ,:ile ?us mutually fasc9at$1 ,hund+ ent]s & turns an inquir+ look ^u ,siegl9de4 ,%e expla9s t he is a gue/ worn out ) fatigue & seek+ %elt]4 ,hund+ ord]s a repa/ & ,siegmund tells 8 /ory4 ,vanqui%$ 9 combat by a neighbor+ tribe1 "s ( ^: adh]5ts he _h sla91 & /ripp$ ( 8 arms1 he fl$ ?r\gh ! /orm = refuge4 ,hund+ promises him hospitality1 b *all5ges him to combat on ! morr[1 = ! victims ( ,siegmund's wra? 7 ,hund+'s fri5ds4 ,z ,siegl9de retires at ,hund+'s bidd+1 %e ca/s a despair+1 passionate look at ,siegmund1 & tries to direct 8 att5tion to a sword /ick+ 9 ! a%-tree1 b 9 va94 ,hund+ w>ns h] away ) a significant look1 & !n tak+ 8 weapons f ! tree leaves ,siegmund alone4 ,! latt]1 sitt+ by ! fire1 falls into dejection1 b is soon r\s$ by ! ?\ght t 8 sire _h promis$ he %\ld f9d ! sword ,no?ung 9 8 "t ( dire/ ne$4 ,! dy+ fire %oots out a sudd5 flame1 & 8 eye lights ^u its h&le1 illum9at$ by ! blaze4 ,! magnific5t sword-melody is s\nd$1 & 9 a sc5e ( great p[] he hails x & s+s 8 love = ,siegl9de1 :om n[ he c rescue4 ,z ! fire & ! song die away toge!r1 ,siegl9de reappe>s4 ,%e has drugg$ ,hund+ into a deep sleep1 & 9 an exultant song tells ,siegmund ! /ory ( ! sword4 ,!y c be sav$ if he is /rong en\gh to wr5* x f ! trunk ( ! a%4 ,he recognizes 8 si/] & folds h] passionately 9 8 arms4 ,! /orm has pass$1 & z ! moonlight floods ! room he breaks out 9 "o ( ! lovelie/ melodies ,wagn] has ev] writt51 ! spr+ song 7,w9t]/u]me wi*5 dem ,wonnemond71 a song ( love lead+ to ! delights ( spr+2 & ,siegl9de 9 passionate response decl>es1 ,?\ art ! spr+ = :i* ,i long$ 9 w9t]'s fro/y embrace4 ,! recognition is mutual1 n alone ( bro!r & si/] b ( lov] & mi/ress1--! union :i* is de/9$ to beget ,siegfri$1 ! h]o4 ,seiz+ h] 9 8 arms1 ,siegmund disappe>s ) h] into ! dep?s ( ! =e/1 & ! curta9 falls4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! m\nta9s ( ! gods1 & discloses ,wotan ) spe> 9 h& 9 e>ne/ conv]se ) ,bru5nhilde1 8 daught]1 :o is array$ 9 ! armor ( a ,valkyr4 ,he tells h] ( ! approa*+ combat1 & bids h] aw>d ! victory to ,siegmund ! ,volsung1 belov$ ( ! gods4 ,z %e disappe>s among ! rocks1 %\t+ ! weird cry ( ! ,valkyres1 ! jeal\s ,fricka1 protector ( m>riage v[s1 comes ^u ! sc5e 9 a *>iot drawn by rams4 ,a /ormy dialogue occurs betwe5 !m1 ,fricka dem&+ ! dea? ( ,siegmund z comp5sation = ! wrong done to ,hund+4 ,wotan at la/ is ov]come1 & cons5ts t ! ,valkyres %all conduct him to ,walhalla4 ,z he yields1 ,bru5nhilde's jubilant song is he>d on ! heights1 & ,wotan summons h] & ann\nces 8 *ang$ decision4 ,siegmund mu/ p]i%4 ,z he /alks gloomily away among ! rocks1 ,bru5nhilde falls into deep dejection1 & turns away moan+3 ,alas6 my ,volsung6 ,has x come to ?is1--t fai?less ! fai?ful mu/ fail !e8 ,z %e ent]s a cave = h] horse1 ! fugitives ,siegmund & ,siegl9de hurri$ly approa*1 pursu$ by ! infuriat$ ,hund+4 ,!y /op to re/1 & ,siegl9de falls exhau/$ 9 8 arms4 ,! sc5e is m>k$ by alt]nations ( passionate love & fe>1 hope on ! "o side1 despair on ! o!r1 vividly portray$ 9 ! in/rum5tation4 ,z ! music dies away & ,siegl9de re/s ins5sible 9 8 arms1 ,bru5nhilde1 ) deep melan*oly 9 h] visage1 %[s h]self to ,siegmund4 ,9 reply to 8 "q1 ,:o art ?\8 %e answ]s1 ,he :o beholds me1 to dea? 9 ! battle is doom$4 ,i %all lead !e to ,walhalla4 ,eag]ly he asks1 ,%all ,i f9d 9 ,walhalla my own fa!r ,waelse8 & %e answ]s1 ,! ,volsung %all f9d 8 fa!r !re4 ,) passionate e>ne/ness he asks1 ,%all ,siegmund !re embrace ,siegl9de8 ,! ,valkyre replies1 ,! air ( e>? %e /ill mu/ brea!4 ,siegl9de %all n see ,siegmund !re4 ,!n furi\sly answ]s ,siegmund1 ,!n f>ewell to ,walhalla6 ,:]e ,siegl9de lives1 9 bliss or blight1 !re ,siegmund w also t>ry1 & he raises 8 sword ov] 8 unconsci\s si/]4 ,mov$ by 8 great love & sorr[1 ,bru5nhilde = ! fir/ "t is sway$ by human emotions1 & exultantly decl>es1 ,i w protect !e4 ,hund+'s horn s\nds 9 ! di/ance1 & soon is he>d 8 defiant *all5ge to battle4 ,siegmund ru%es to ! top ( "o ( ! cl\dy summits1 & ! cla% ( _! arms res\nds 9 ! mi/s4 ,a sudd5 gleam ( light %[s ,bru5nhilde hov]+ ov] ,siegmund1 & protect+ him ) h] %ield4 ,z he prep>es himself to deal a deadly ?ru/ at ,hund+1 ! angry ,wotan appe>s 9 a /orm-cl\d & int]poses 8 spe>4 ,siegmund's sword is %iv]$ to pieces4 ,hund+ pi]ces 8 dis>m$ enemy1 & he falls mortally w\nd$4 ,bru5nhilde lifts ! ins5sible ,siegl9de ^u h] /e$ & rides away ) h]4 ,wotan1 lean+ ^u 8 spe>1 gazes sorr[fully at ! dy+ ,volsung1 & !n turn+ to ,hund+1 s ov]comes him ) 8 contemptu\s glance t he falls dead at 8 feet4 ,b ,bru5nhilde1 woe to ! traitor4 ,puni%m5t dire is due to h] treason4 ,to horse1 !n4 ,let v5geance spe$ swiftly4 ,& m\nt+ 8 /e$ he disappe>s amid ?und] & lightn+4 ,! la/ act op5s 9 a rocky gl5 fill$ ) ! ,valkyres call+ to ea* o!r f summit to summit ) wild cries z !y come rid+ ?r\gh ! cl\ds aft] ! combat1 be>+ ! dead bodies ( ! w>riors on _! saddles4 ,! sc5e is prelud$ ) an or*e/ral numb]1 well kn[n 9 ! conc]t-room z ! ,ride ( ! ,valkyres1 :i* is bas$ ^u two motives1 ! ,valkyre's call & ! ,valkyre melody4 ,9 picturesque description ( ! ru% & da% ( /e$s1 amid :i* are he>d ! wild cries ( ! si/]s1 ,! ,ride is "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful numb]s ev] writt54 ,bru5nhilde arrives among ! exultant ?rong 9 te>s1 be>+ ,siegl9de ) h]4 ,%e gives h] ! fragm5ts ( ,siegmund's sword1 & appeals to ! o!r ,valkyres to save h]4 ,%e bids ,siegl9de live1 = ?\ art to give bir? to a ,volsung1 & to keep ! fragm5ts ( ! sword4 ,he t once br&i%es ! sword1 newly weld$1 let him be nam$ ,siegfri$1 ! w9n] ( victory4 ,wotan's voice is n[ he>d angrily %\t+ ?r\gh ! /orm-cl\ds1 & call+ ^u ,bru5nhilde1 :o va9ly seeks to conceal h]self among h] si/]s4 ,he summons h] =? f ! gr\p1 & %e comes =w>d meekly b firmly & awaits h] puni%m5t4 ,he taxes h] ) violat+ 8 comm&s2 to :i* %e replies1 ,i obey$ n ?y ord]1 b ?y secret wi%4 ,! answ] does n avail1 & he condemns h] to sleep by ! wayside1 ! victim ( ! fir/ :o passes4 ,%e passionately pleads = protection aga9/ di%onor1 & ! god cons5ts4 ,plac+ h] ^u a rocky c\* & kiss+ h] br[1 he takes 8 f>ewell ( h] 9 a sc5e :i* = maje/ic pa?os has nev] be5 excell$4 ,"o =gets ,wotan & ! ,valkyre4 ,x is ! la/ p>t+ ( an e>?ly fa!r & daught]1 illu/rat$ ) music :i* is ! v apo!osis ( grief4 ,he !n conjures ,loge1 ! god ( fire2 & z he /rikes 8 spe> ^u ! rock1 flames spr+ up all ab\t h]4 ,pr\dly he s+s 9 ! mid/ ( ! gl>e3-- ,:o fe>s ! spike ,( my spe> to face1 ,he w n pi]ce ! plant$ fire1-- a melody :i* is to =m ! motive ( ! h]o ,siegfri$ 9 ! next division ( ! "w--& ! curta9 falls ^u a sc5e :i* = p[]1 beauty1 & maje/y has n its equal on ! lyric /age4 ,,siegfri$4 ,! second division ( ! trag$y1 ,siegfri$1 might well be call$ an idyl1 ( ! =e/4 ,its music is full ( joy\sness & delight4 ,9 place ( ! /ruggles ( gods & combats ( fi]ce w>riors1 ! wild cries ( ,valkyres & ! bl5d+s ( human passions ) div9e ang]s1 we h ! repose & s]5ity ( nature1 & 9 ! mid/ ( x all appe>s ! h]o ,siegfri$1 true *ild ( ! woods1 & z full ( wild joy\sness & exultant /r5g? z "o ( _! fauns or satyrs4 ,x is a wond]ful picture ( nature1 clos+ ) an ec/atic1 vision ( love4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,siegmund1 ,siegl9de takes refuge 9 ! dep?s ( ! =e/1 :]e %e gives bir? to ,siegfri$4 ,9 h] dy+ mom5ts %e intru/s him to ,mime1 :o =g$ ! r+ = ,alb]i* :5 he obta9$ possession ( ! ,rh9egold4 ,! "y h]o has develop$ into a h&some1 manly /ripl+1 :o dom9ates ! =e/s & holds its wild animals subject to 8 w4 ,he calls to ! birds & !y answ] him4 ,he *ases ! de] ) leaps z swift z _! own4 ,he seizes ! be> & drags him into ,mime's hut1 mu* to ! ,nibelung's al>m4 ,b :ile pursu+ ! wild1 free life 9 ! =e/1 he has dreams ( great] conque/s ?an ^? ov] nature4 ,h]oic de$s %ape !mselves 9 8 m9d1 & sometimes !y are illum9at$ ) dim & my/]i\s visions ( a deep] passion4 ,9 8 int]views ) ,mime he que/ions him ab\t ! _w outside ( ! =e/1 its p & _! actions4 ,he tires ( ! woods1 & longs to get away f !m4 ,mime !n %[s him ! fragm5ts ( 8 fa!r's sword1 :i* _h be5 %att]$ ^u ,wotan's spe>1 ! only legacy left h] son by ,siegl9de1 & tells him t he :o c weld !m toge!r aga9 w h p[] to conqu] all be=e him4 ,mime _h long tri$ to =ge a sword = ,siegfri$1 b !y 7 all too brittle1 nor _h he ! skill to weld toge!r ! fragm5ts ( ,siegmund's sword1 ,no?ung4 ,! only "o :o c p]=m t task is ! h]o )\t fe>4 ,"o day ,siegfri$ returns f a hunt+ exp$ition & und]takes x himself4 ,he files ! fragm5ts into du/ & ?r[s x into ! crucible1 :i* he places on ! fire ( ! =ge4 ,!n :ile bl[+ ! bell[s he s+s a triumphant song 7,no?ung6 ,no?ung6 neidli*es ,s*w]t71 :i* anticipates ! climax t[>ds :i* all ! previ\s sc5es h l$4 ,z he s+s at 8 "w ,mime cogitates h[ he %all ?w>t 8 plans & get possession ( ! sword4 ,he plots to h him kill ,fafn]1 ! giant1 :o has *ang$ himself into a dragon1 = ! m effectual cu/ody ( ! ,rh9e-treasure & ! r+4 ,!n :5 ,siegfri$ has captur$ ! treasure he w drug him ) a poison$ bro?1 kill him ) ! sword1 & seize ! gold4 ,siegfri$ p\rs ! melt$ /eel into a m\ld1 ?ru/s x into ! wat] to cool1 & !n bur/s out into a new song1 accompani$ by anvil bl[s1 z he =ges & temp]s x1 ! motive ( :i* has already be5 he>d 9 ! ,rh9egold prelude1 :5 ,alb]i* made 8 ?reat4 ,:ile ,mime quietly mixes 8 potion1 ,siegfri$ fa/5s ! hilt to 8 blade & poli%es ! sword4 ,!n break+ out 9 a new song1 9 :i* are he>d ! motives ( ! fire-god & ! sword1 he sw+s x ?r\gh ! air1 & br++ x d[n ) =ce splits ! anvil 9 twa94 ,! music accompany+ ?is great sc5e1 imitat+ ! v>i\s s\nds ( ! =ge1 ! flutt] ( ! fire1 ! hiss+ ( ! wat]1 ! fil+ ( ! sword1 & ! bl[s ^u ! anvil1 is realism c>ri$ to ! v extreme ( possibilities4 ,! great exploit has be5 successful1 & ,siegfri$ at la/ has ,siegmund's sword4 ,mime takes him to ! cave :]e ,fafn]1 ! giant-dragon1 gu>ds ! gold4 ,siegfri$ slays ! mon/]1 & laughs ov] ! ease ( ! task4 ,8 f+] is heat$ ) ! dragon's blood1 & z he puts x to 8 lips to cool x he ta/es ! blood1 & ?us le>ns ! language ( ! birds4 ,he c>es n\ght = ! treasure1 & takes only ! r+ & a magic helmet1 :i* enables ! we>] to assume any =m4 ,aft] ! conte/ he ?r[s himself at ! foot ( a tree 9 ! =e/ & dreamily li/5s to ! ,waldweb51 ! ru/le & my/]i\s /irr+s ( ! woods4 ,amid all ^! subtle1 soo?+ s\nds1 pi]c$ n[ & !n ) ! songs ( ! birds1 & di/ant cries 9 f>-away sylvan recesses1 he realizes t he is alone1 :ile 8 old companions ( ! woods are toge!r4 ,he ?9ks ( ! "m :om he has nev] kn[n1 & ( t my/]i\s be+ :om he has nev] se51 :o %\ld make ! companion%ip he obs]ves among ! birds4 ,! passion ( love beg9s to ass]t itself vaguely & /rangely1 b full soon x w gl[ out ) ard5t flame4 ,a bird fly+ ov] 8 head s+s to him4 ,he c und]/& its song & fancies x 8 "m's voice com+ to him 9 ! bird-notes4 ,x tells him n[ he has ! treasure1 he %\ld save ! mo/ beautiful ( wom5 & w9 h] to himself4 ,%e sleeps ^u a rock1 encircl$ ) flames2 b %\ld/ ?\ d>e to break ?r\gh !m1 ! w>rior-virg9 is ?9e4 ,! bird w+s its flight ?r\gh ! =e/1 & ,siegfri$1 joy\sly seiz+ 8 sword1 foll[s x ) swift foot1 = he kn[s x is guid+ him to ,bru5nhilde4 ,! "t = great de$s has come4 ,! wild1 free life ( ! =e/ is ov]4 ,! ?ird act once m %[s u ! god ,wotan /ill plung$ 9 gloom4 ,gaz+ into a deep abyss1 he summons ,erda1 :o kn[s ! de/9y ( all ! _w1 to "q h] aga9 z to ! twilight ( ! gods4 ,! my/]i\s figure appe>s at 8 bidd+1 b has no?+ fur!r to communicate4 ,_! doom is c]ta94 ,! fe>less race ( m5 is de/9$ to efface ! gods1 & ,walhalla mu/ disappe>4 ,! h]o is at h&1 & com+ rapidly4 ,! despair+ ,wotan1 :o appe>s 9 ?is sc5e z ,d] ,w&]] 7! w&]]71 cries out1 ,s be x4 ,x is to ?is end ,i aspire4 ,he turns gloomily away1 & confronts ,siegfri$ b\nd+ f rock to rock l a de]1 /ill foll[+ 8 airy guide4 ,! god angrily tries to b> 8 way1 b 9 va94 ,8 lance is %att]$ at a s+le bl[ ( ! sword ,no?ung1 :i* he himself _h once s easily %iv]$4 ,x is ! fir/ cata/rophe ( ! f9al fate :i* is approa*+4 ,! h]o )\t fe> has come1 ! free w ( man has begun to manife/ itself4 ,! p[] ( ! gods is break+4 ,joy\sly ,siegfri$ ru%es on ov] ! rocks4 ,he is soon ba!d 9 ! gl[ ( ! fire1 :i* ca/s weird %ad[s ?r\gh ! wild gl54 ,n[ ! burn+ wall ( r$ flames is be=e him4 ,) a r++ cry ( exultation he da%es ?r\gh !m1 & be=e him lies ! sleep+ maid5 9 h] gli/5+ armor4 ,mad ) h] beauty & 8 own ov]p[]+ passion1 he spr+s to h] side & wakes h] ) a kiss4 ,! ,volsung & ! ,valkyr gaze at ea* o!r a long "t 9 sil5ce4 ,bru5nhilde /rives to compreh5d h] situation1 & to recall ! ev5ts t l$ up to h] p5alty1 :ile love gr[s )9 h] = ! h]o :o has rescu$ h]1 & ,siegfri$ is transfix$ by ! maje/y ( ! maid54 ,z %e comes to h]self & fully realizes :o is ! h]o be=e h] & =esees ! approa*+ doom1 %e e>ne/ly appeals to him3-- ,leave1 ah1 leave1 ,leave me unlo/1 ,=ce on me n ,?y fi]y ne>ness4 ,%iv] me n ,) ?y %att]+ w1 ,& lay me n wa/e 9 ?y love4 ,:at is preorda9$ _c be *ang$4 ,siegfri$ replies ) gr[+ passion1 & ,bru5nhilde at la/ yields1 & ! two jo9 9 an outbur/ ( exultant song3-- ,away1 ,walhalla1 ,9 du/ crumble ,?y myriad t[]s4 ,f>ewell1 greatness1 ,& gift ( ! gods4 ,y1 ,norns1 unravel ,! rope ( runes4 ,d>k5 upw>ds1 ,dusk ( ! gods4 ,night ( annulm5t1 ,draw ne> ) ?y cl\d4 ,i /& 9 sight ,( ,siegfri$'s />4 ,= me he 01 ,& = me he w ev] be4 ,) ?is great duet1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y numb]s 9 ! trilogy = dramatic p[] & musical expression ( human emotion1 ?is division closes4 ,,die ,,goett]daemm]ung4 ,! la/ division ( ! trag$y op5s "u ! %ade ( a huge a%-tree :]e ! ?ree ,fates sit sp9n+ & weav+ out human de/9ies4 ,z !y toss _! ?read f "o to ! o!r1--! ?read !y h be5 sp9n+ s9ce "t began1--!y =esee ! gloom :i* is com+4 ,sudd5ly x snaps 9 _! f+]s1 :]eupon ! d>k si/]s cr[d+ closely toge!r desc5d to ! dep?s ( ! e>? to consult ) ! anci5t ,erda & seek %elt] ne> h]4 ,mean:ile z day breaks ,siegfri$ & ,bru5nhilde em]ge f ! gl5 :]e !y h be5 repos+ 9 mutual happ9ess4 ,bru5nhilde has told h] lov] ! /ory ( ! gods & ! secrets ( ! my/ic runes1 b he is /ill unsatisfi$4 ,8 mission is n yet fulfill$4 ,he mu/ away to p]=m new de$s4 ,be=e he leaves h] he gives h] ! r+ z 8 pl$ge ( fidelity1 & !y "p1 aft] ex*ang+ mutual v[s ( love & con/ancy4 ,9 8 se>* = fur!r exploits1 ,siegfri$ arrives at ! dwell+ ( ,gunt]1 a p[]ful ,rh5i% *ief1 head ( ! ,gibi*ung51 ano!r race ( h]oes1 :]e also resides ,gutrune1 8 fasc9at+ si/]1 & ! evil ,hag51 begott5 by ,alb]i* ( ,crimhilda1 ,gunt]'s "m1 :o 0 ! victim ( 8 gold4 ,alb]i*'s hatr$ ( ! gods & all connect$ ) !m is %>$ by 8 son1 :o has be5 *>g$ by ! ,nibelung to recov] ! gold4 ,f ?is po9t ! tragic d5\em5t rapidly progresses4 ,siegfri$'s horn is he>d 9 ! di/ance1 & he soon crosses ,gunt]'s ?re%old1 :]e 8 ru9 is be+ plott$ by ! s9i/] ,hag54 ,he is hospitably receiv$1 & at ,hag5's bidd+ ,gutrune p\rs out & (f]s him a draught s cunn+ly mix$ t x w efface all pa/ remembrances4 ,he is completely infatuat$ ) ! girl's beauty1 & z ! potion takes effect1 ! love = ,bru5nhilde disappe>s4 ,he dem&s ,gutrune 9 m>riage1 & ,hag5 promises h] ^u condition t he w br+ ,bru5nhilde z a bride = ,gunt]4 ,siegfri$ dep>ts ^u ! fatal err&1 & aft] tak+ f h] ! r+ drags h] by =ce to deliv] h] to ,gunt]4 ,! ,valkyr rises to a sublime height ( ang] ov] h] betrayal1 & dooms ,siegfri$ to dea? 9 ! approa*+ hunt1 = by dea? alone %e kn[s t %e c rega9 8 love4 ,! la/ act op5s 9 a rocky gl5 on ! banks ( ! ,rh9e1 ! ripple ( ^: wat]s is repeat$ 9 ! melody ( ,! ,rh9egold4 ,siegfri$ is sep>at$ f 8 companion1 & :ile alone1 ! song ( ! ,rh9e-daught]s is he>d4 ,!y rise to ! surface ( ! gleam+ wat] & dem& _! gold1 b ,siegfri$ refuses to re/ore x4 ,!y w>n him aga9 to fly f ! curse1 b he pr\dly exclaims t 8 sword is inv9cible & c cru% ! ,norns4 ,sadly !y float away to ! s\nd ( h>ps %imm]+ ov] ! wat]4 ,gunt]'s horn is he>d among ! hills1 & ,siegfri$ exultantly answ]s x4 ,! huntsm5 assemble & prep>e = a fea/4 ,siegfri$ relates 8 adv5ture ) ! ,rh9e-daught]s1 & :5 ,hag5 asks him if x is true t he c und]/& ! language ( ! birds1 he tells ! :ole /ory ( 8 life 9 ! ,rhe9fahrt1 a song built up ( all ! motives :i* h be5 he>d 9 ! ,siegfri$ division1--! melody ( ! sword1 ! /ir ( ! woods1 ! song ( ! my/]i\s bird1 ,mime's enticem5t1 ! love ( ,bru5nhilde1 & ! flam+ fire foll[+ ea* o!r 9 rapid & brilliant succession ?r\gh ! measures ( ! picturesque description4 ,z ! song dies away1 two rav5s1 mess5g]s ( ill-om51 fly across ! /age4 ,! curse motive s\nds gloomily ?r\gh ! or*e/ra4 ,hag5 spr+s to 8 feet & sudd5ly & trea*]\sly plunges 8 spe> into ,siegfri$'s back1 !n sull5ly leaves & disappe>s among ! rocks4 ,! h]o falls to ! e>? & dies1 brea?+ ,bru5nhilde's "n1 = 9 ! la/ supreme mom5t ! spell ( ,hag5's draught passes away4 ,) 8 la/ brea? he breaks out 9 a dea?-song ( surpass+ beauty & maje/y1 9 :i* ! motives are ^? ( ! ,volsung & ! ,valkyr1 z well z ( ! de/9y :i* is to reunite !m 9 dea?4 ,once m he murmurs ! "n ( ,bru5nhilde1 & !n 8 companions t5d]ly place him ^u 8 %ield1 & lift+ him ^u _! %\ld]s c>ry him to ! mi/y summits & disappe> 9 ! cl\d1 to ! mighty & impressive /ra9s ( a fun]al m>*1 built up on ! motives ( ,siegmund1 ! love-duet ( ,siegmund & ,siegl9de1 ! sword & ,volsung motives1 & ,siegfri$'s great !me4 ,9 ! int]weav+ ( ^! motives & _! sombre color+1 9 massive =tissimo & cresc5do effects1 9 expressive musical del9eation1 & 9 maje/ic solemnity1 ! ,siegfri$ fun]al m>* mu/ take prec$5ce ( all o!r dirges4 ,9 tru? x is a colossal & h]oic fun]al poem fit to celebrate ! dea? ( a demigod4 ,9 ! la/ sc5e ,siegfri$'s body is borne back to ! hall ( ! ,gibi*ungs amid l\d lam5t+4 ,:5 ,gutrune le>ns :at has occurr$1 %e bitt]ly curses ,hag5 & ?r[s h]self on ,siegfri$'s corpse4 ,hag5 & ,gunt] qu>rel = ! possession ( ! r+1 & ,gunt] is sla92 b :5 ,hag5 tries to take ! r+1 ! h& ( ! dead h]o is rais$ 9 w>n+4 ,!n ,bru5nhilde solemnly & pr\dly advances 9 ! light ( ! tor*es & bids ! empty clamor cease1 = ?is is no lam5t+ wor?y ( a h]o4 ,%e ord]s a fun]al pyre to be built1 & ,siegfri$ is laid !reon4 ,%e contemplates ! dead h]o ) passionate love & sadness1 & !n solemnly turn+ to ^? ab\t h]1 exclaims3 ,^? :o efface ! fault ( ! gods are pr$e/9$ to suff]+ & dea?4 ,let "o sacrifice end ! curse4 ,let ! ,r+ be purifi$ by fire1 ! wat]s dissolve x =ev]4 ,! end ( ! gods is at h&4 ,b ?\gh ,i leave ! _w ma/]less1 ,i give x ?is preci\s treasure4 ,9 joy or 9 suff]+1 happ9ess c alone come f love4 ,%e seizes a burn+ br&1 & invok+ ,loge1 god ( fire1 fl+s x into ! pyre4 ,h] horse is br\ght to h]1 & %e pr\dly m\nts x3-- ,grane1 my horse1 ,hail to !e "h6 ,kn[e/ ?\1 fri5d1 ,h[ f> ,i %all ne$ !e8 ,heiaho6 ,grane6 ,greet+ to him4 ,siegfri$6 ,see1 ,bru5nhilde ,joy\sly hails !e1 ?y bride4 ,%e sw+s h]self ^u h] /e$ & da%es into ! furi\s flames4 ,at la/ !y die away1 & ! ,rh9e ru%es =w>d f its banks & cov]s ! pyre4 ,! exultant ,rh9e-daught]s are swimm+ 9 ! flood1 = ,bru5nhilde has ?r[n !m ! r+4 ,hag5 makes a la/ desp]ate ef=t to clut* x1 b ,wogl9de & ,wellgunde w9d _! arms ab\t him1 & z !y drag him into ! dep?s ,flos%ilde holds ! r+ above ! wat]s1 & ! exultant song ( ! ,rh9e-daught]s is he>d above ! swell+ tide1 :ile f> 9 ! di/ance a r$ flame spreads among ! cl\ds4 ,walhalla is blaz+ 9 ! sky4 ,! ,dusk ( ! ,gods has come4 ,rep>ation has be5 made4 ,! h]o )\t fe> is victori\s4 ,free w1 indep5d5t ( ! gods1 w rule ! _w1 & ! gods !mselves are lo/ 9 ! human creation4 ,love is giv5 to m51 & conqu]s dea?4 ,,p>sifal4 ,p>sifal1 a ,buehn5weihfe/spiel 7fe/ival act+-drama71 words by ,wagn]1 0 conclud$ 9 #ahgi1 & fir/ produc$ at ,baireu?1 ,july #bb1 #ahhb1 only ab\t sev5 mon?s be=e ! di/+ui%$ compos]'s dea?1 ) ,mme4 ,fri$ri*-,mat]na z ,kundry1 ,h]r ,w9ckelmann z ,p>sifal1 & ,h]r ,sc>ia z ,gurnemanz4 ,! !me ( ! op]a is tak5 f ! cycle ( ,holy ,grail my?s to :i* ,loh5gr9 also belongs4 ,! read] w rememb] t ,loh5gr9 9 8 f9al address decl>es himself son ( ,p>sifal1 ! ,k+ ( ! ,grail2 & x is ) ?is ,p>sifal t ,wagn]'s la/ "w is conc]n$4 ,p>sifal1 l ,siegfri$1 repres5ts free human nature 9 its spontane\s1 impulsive action4 ,he is /yl$ 9 ! text1 ,d] re9e ,?or 7! guileless fool71 :o1 9 consonance ) ! old my?ological idea1 ov]comes ! evil pr9ciple & ga9s ! cr[n by d9t ( pure natural impulse4 ,! op]a diff]s widely f ,! ,nibelung ,r+4 ,! compos] has us$ ! free in/ead ( ! allit]ative =m ( v]se1 :i* he !n cont5d$ 0 be/ adapt$ to musical sett+4 ,9 ,! ,r+ ! *orus is n introduc$ at all until ! la/ division is rea*$1 :ile 9 ,p>sifal x plays an important "p 9 e act1 9 ! second sc5e ( ! fir/ act !re be+ ?ree *oirs on ! /age at a "t4 ,/ill !re is no trace ( ! aria1 ! duet1 or ! recitative1 ( ! ,italian /yle1 ?\gh !re is pl5ty ( conc]t$ music1 :i* gr[s out ( ! dramatic necessities ( ! situations4 ,:5 ^! necessities d n urge !mselves1 ! music fl[s on 9 dialogue =m1 z 9 ,! ,r+4 ,! vorspiel is bas$ ^u ?ree motives connect$ ) ! my/]y ( ! ,grail1 :i* =ms ! key-note ( ! op]a1 ?\gh 9 a diff]5t aspect f t :i* ! ,grail assumes 9 ,loh5gr91 :]e x c only be visible to ! eye ( fai?1 :ile 9 ,p>sifal x di/9ctly p]=ms its wond]s4 ,let x be rememb]$ t ! ,grail is ! *alice f :i* ,*ri/ drank ) 8 disciples at ! ,la/ ,supp]1 & 9 :i* 8 blood 0 receiv$ at ! cross4 ,! fir/ ( ^! motives is ( ! same g5]al "* z ! ,grail motive 9 ! ,loh5gr9 vorspiel2 ! second is an impressive phrase = trumpets & trombones1 :i* w be he>d aga9 :5 ! ,knights ( ! ,grail are summon$ to _! duties2 & ! ?ird is a broad1 dignifi$ melody 9 ! *orale =m4 ,! action ( ! drama occurs 9 ! nor? ( ,spa91 & 9 ! vic9ity ( ,monsalvat1 ! ,ca/le ( ! ,holy ,grail1 :]e ?is *alice 0 br\ght by angels :5 ,*ri/ianity 0 9 dang]4 ,! curta9 rises ^u a lovely =e/ glade on ! bord]s ( a lake1 at daybreak1 & discov]s ! ,grail ,knight1 ,gurnemanz1 & two "y %ield-be>]s1 gu>dians ( ! ca/le1 sleep+ at ! foot ( a tree4 ,trumpet-calls1 repeat+ ! motive fir/ he>d 9 ! prelude1 ar\se !m f _! sleep2 & z !y (f] up _! morn+ pray] ! *orale is he>d aga94 ,z !y w5d _! way to ! ca/le1 !y meet two knights prec$+ ! litt] ^u :i* ! w\nd$ ,am=tas1 ,k+ ( ! ,grail1 is c>ri$4 ,9 ! subsequ5t dialogue ,gurnemanz tells ! /ory ( ! ,k+'s mi%ap4 ,he is suff]+ f a w\nd :i* refuses to close1 & :i* has be5 inflict$ by ! sacr$ spe>1--! spe>1 accord+ to ! leg5d1 ) :i* our ,savi\r's side 0 pi]c$4 ,kl+sor1 a magician1 _h aspir$ to become a knight ( ! ,grail1 b 8 application 0 refus$2 = only ^? ( holy lives c\ld wat* ! sacr$ vessel & p]=m its m9i/rations4 ,9 rev5ge1 ,kl+sor /udi$ ! magic arts & creat$ = himself a fairy palace1 :i* he peopl$ ) beautiful wom51 ^: sole duty x 0 to s$uce ! ,knights ( ! ,grail4 ,"o ( ^! wom51 a my/]i\s creature ( wond]ful fasc9ations1 ,kundry by "n1 _h beguil$ ,am=tas1 :o ?us fell into ! p[] ( ,kl+sor4 ,he lo/ 8 spe>1 & receiv$ f x a w\nd :i* w nev] heal s long z x rema9s 9 ! h&s ( ! magician4 ,9 a vision he has be5 told to wait = ! "o :o has be5 appo9t$ to cure him4 ,a voice f ! ,grail tells him ! foll[+ my/]y3-- ,dur* ,mitleid wiss5d1 ,d] re9e ,?or1 ,h>re se9' ,d5 i* erkor4 ,let a guileless fool only1 kn[+ by compassion1 await him :om ,i h *os54 ,mean:ile1 z ! %ield-be>]s are c>ry+ ,am=tas t[>ds ! lake1 ! savage1 my/]i\s ,kundry is se5 fly+ ov] ! fields4 ,%e ov]takes ,gurnemanz & gives him a balm1 say+ t if x w n help ! ,k+1 no?+ 9 ,arabia c1 & !n1 refus+ to accept ?anks or reveal h] id5tity1 s9ks to ! gr\nd 9 we>9ess4 ,! ,k+ takes ! drug ) gratitude2 b %e scorns ?anks1 & sne]s at ^? ab\t h] ) savage irony4 ,gurnemanz's companions are ab\t to seize h]1 b ! old ,knight w>ns !m t %e is liv+ inc>nate to expiate ! s9s ( a =m] life1 & t 9 s]v+ ! ,ord] ( ! ,grail %e is pur*as+ back h] own r$emption4 ,z ,gurnemanz concludes1 cries are he>d 9 ! wood1 & two knights1 approa*+1 ann\nce t a swan1 ! bird sacr$ to ! ,grail1 :i* 0 w++ its way ov] ! lake1 & :i* ! ,k+ _h hail$ z a happy om51 has be5 %ot4 ,p>sifal1 ! murd]]1 is dragg$ 91 & :5 que/ion$ by ,gurnemanz1 is unaw>e t he has committ$ any (f5ce4 ,to e "q he only answ]s he does n "k4 ,:5 ask$ :o is 8 "m1 ,kundry answ]s = him3 ,8 "m br\ght him an orphan into ! _w1 & kept him l a fool 9 ! =e/1 a /rang] to arms1 s t he %\ld escape a premature dea?2 b he fl$ f h] & foll[$ ! wild life ( nature4 ,h] grief is ov]1 = %e is dead4 ,:]eupon ,p>sifal flies at h] & seizes h] by ! ?roat2 b ,gurnemanz holds him back1 & ,kundry s9ks d[n exhau/$4 ,p>sifal answ]s to ! ,?or1 b x rema9s to be se5 :e!r he is ! re9e ,?or4 ,gurnemanz conducts him to ! temple :]e ! holy rites ( ! ,grail are to be p]=m$1 hop+ he is ! r$eem] :om ! ,grail w disclose :5 ! love-fea/ ( ! ,savi\r is celebrat$4 ,! sc5e *anges to ! great hall ( ! ca/le & ! celebration ( ! fea/ ( ! ,grail4 ,! sc5e is introduc$ ) a solemn m>* by full or*e/ra1 includ+ trombones on ! /age1 accompani$ by ! clang+ ( bells z ! knights ent] 9 /ately procession4 ,!y s+ a pi\s *ant 9 unison1 ! m>* !me /ill s\nd+4 ,z ! y\ng] squires & pages ent]1 a new melody is tak5 9 ?ree-"p h>mony1 & f9ally an unse5 *orus ( boys f ! extreme height ( ! dome s+ ! *orale f ! introduction1 )\t accompanim5t1 9 imitation ( angel voices4 ,! %ield-be>]s br+ 9 ,am=tas ^u 8 litt]1 :5 sudd5ly f a vault$ ni*e is he>d ! voice ( ,titurel1 ,am=tas's ag$ fa!r1 & ! f\nd] ( ,monsalvat1 n[ too feeble to p]=m ! holy (fices1 bidd+ ! ,grail to be uncov]$4 ,am=tas1 m\rn+ t he1 ! unholie/ ( !m1 %\ld be call$1 op5s a gold5 %r9e & takes out ! cry/al vessel4 ,d>kness falls ^u ! hall1 b ! ,grail is illum9at$ ) con/antly increas+ brilliancy1 :ile f ! dome ! *ildr5's voices s+1 ,take ,my blood 9 ! "n ( our love1 & take ,my body 9 remembrance ( me4 ,p>sifal wat*es ! sc5e ) bewild]$ eyes1 b ^u say+ 9 reply t he does n und]/& ! holy rite1 he is contemptu\sly eject$ f ! place4 ,! second act reveals ,kl+sor's en*ant$ palace4 ,! magician gaz+ into a mirror sees ,p>sifal approa*+1 & kn[s he is ! r$eem] :o has be5 promis$4 ,he summons ,kundry be=e him1 & comm&s h] to tempt him ) h] spells4 ,%e /ruggles aga9/ ! task1 = 9 h] s\l ! p[]s ( good & evil are always cont5d+ = ! ma/]y4 ,%e longs = et]nal sleep1 & re/ f h] evil passions1 b ,kl+sor holds h] 9 8 p[]4 ,p>sifal ent]s1 & ! sc5e *anges to a delightful g>d5 fill$ ) girls ( ravi%+ beauty 9 g>m5ts ( fl[]s4 ,!y cr[d ab\t him1 & by _! fasc9at+ bl&i%m5ts seek to ga9 8 love1 b 9 va94 ,he is /ill ! guileless fool4 ,!n ,kundry appe>s 9 all h] lovel9ess1 & calls him by "n1 ! "n he _h he>d 8 "m speak4 ,he sorr[fully s9ks at ,kundry's feet4 ,! en*antress b5ds ov] him1 appeals to him ?r\gh 8 long+ = 8 "m1 & kisses him4 ,in/antly he compreh5ds all t he has se51 & he cries1 ,! w\nd burns 9 my he>t1 oh1 torm5t ( love6 ,!n quickly ris+ he spurns h] f him4 ,he has ga9$ ! _w-k4 ,%e flies to him aga91 & passionately exclaims1 ,! gift ( my love w\ld make !e div9e4 ,if ?is h\r has made !e ! r$eem]1 let me suff] =ev]1 b give me ?y love4 ,he spurns h] aga91 & cries1 ,to all et]nity ?\ w\ld/ be damn$ ) me1 if = "o h\r ,i %\ld =get my mission1 b says he w save h] too1 & dem&s to "k ! way to ,am=tas4 ,9 rage %e decl>es he %all nev] f9d x1 & summons ! help ( ,kl+sor1 :o hurls ! sacr$ lance at ,p>sifal4 ,! weapon rema9s susp5d$ ov] 8 head4 ,he seizes x & makes ! sign ( ! ,cross4 ,! g>d5s & ca/le disappe>4 ,p>sifal & ,kundry are alone 9 a des]t4 ,%e s9ks to ! gr\nd ) a m\rnful cry1 & turn+ f h]1 8 la/ words are1 ,?\ kn[e/ :]e only ?\ can/ see me aga94 ,9 ! ?ird act we are aga9 9 ! l& ( ! ,grail4 ,p>sifal has w&]$ = ye>s try+ to f9d ,monsalvat1 & at la/ enc\nt]s ,gurnemanz1 n[ a v old man1 liv+ z a h]mit ne> a =e/ spr+1 & ! sadd5$ ,kundry is s]v+ him4 ,x is ! ,good ,friday morn+1 & =e/s & fields are bright ) fl[]s & ! v]dure ( spr+4 ,gurnemanz recognizes him1 & 9 reply to 8 "q :at makes ! _w s beautiful1 ! ag$ knight makes answ]3-- ,! sad rep5tant te>s ( s9n]s ,h "h ) holy ra9 ,bespr9kl$ field & pla91 ,& made !m gl[ ) beauty4 ,all e>?ly creatures 9 delight ,at ! ,r$eem]'s trace s bright1 ,uplift _! pray]s ( duty4 ,& n[ p]ceive ea* blade & mead[ fl[]1 ,t mortal foot to-day x ne$ n dread4 ,kundry wa%es ! du/ ( 8 long w&]+s f 8 feet1 & looks up at him ) e>ne/ & besee*+ gaze4 ,gurnemanz recognizes ! sacr$ spe>1 hails him z ! ,k+ ( ! ,grail & (f]s to conduct him to ! great hall :]e ! holy rites are once m to be p]=m$4 ,be=e !y leave1 ,p>sifal's fir/ act z ! r$eem] is to baptize ,kundry ) wat] f ! spr+4 ,! s\nd ( toll+ bells 9 ! di/ance ann\nces ! fun]al ( ,titurel1 & ! sc5e *anges to ! hall :]e ! knights are c>ry+ ! litt] ^u :i* ,am=tas lies1 await+ ! fun]al procession approa*+ to ! /ra9s ( a solemn m>*4 ,! knights dem& he %all aga9 uncov] ! ,grail1 b he refuses1 & calls ^u !m to de/roy him & !n ! ,grail w %9e brightly = !m aga94 ,unobs]v$ by !m1 ,p>sifal /eps =w>d1 t\*es ! k+'s w\nd ) ! spe>1 & x is imm$iately heal$4 ,!n he proclaims himself ,k+ ( ! ,grail1 & ord]s x to be uncov]$4 ,z ,am=tas & ,gurnemanz kneel to d him homage1 ,kundry dies at 8 feet 9 ! joy ( rep5tance4 ,titurel rises f 8 c(f9 & be/[s a b5$iction4 ,p>sifal asc5ds to ! alt> & raises ! ,grail 9 all its respl5d5t beauty4 ,a :ite dove flies d[n f ! dome ( ! hall & hov]s ov] 8 head1 :ile ! knights *ant _! praise to ,god1 re-e*o$ by ! s+]s 9 ! dome1 ^: /ra9s s\nd l cele/ial voices3-- ,miracle ( supreme bless+1 ,r$emption to ! ,r$eem]4 ,,wallace4 ,william ,v9c5t ,wallace 0 born at ,wat]=d1 ,irel&1 9 #ahae4 ,he fir/ /udi$ music ) 8 fa!r1 a b&lead]1 :o aft]w>ds s5t him to ,dubl91 :]e he spe$ily became an excell5t p]=m] on ! cl>9et1 viol91 & piano4 ,at ! e>ly age ( fifte5 he 0 appo9t$ organi/ at ! ,ca!dral ( ,?urles1 & soon aft]w>ds 0 engag$ z a !atre director & conc]t conductor4 ,at ! age ( eighte5 he _h a fit ( sickness1 & ^u 8 recov]y w5t to ,au/ralia = 8 heal?1 & !nce to ,van ,diem5's ,l& & ,new ,zeal&4 ,he pass$ "s "t 9 ! latt] c\ntry1 & !n began a long s]ies ( w&]+s1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* he visit$ ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,indies1 ,mexico1--:]e he conduct$ ,italian op]a1--& ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he rema9$ 9 ,new ,york a consid]able p]iod1 & gave conc]ts :i* 7 v remun]ative4 ,9 #ahdf he return$ to ,europe1 & %ortly aft]w>ds 8 pretty little op]a1 ,m>itana1 appe>$1 & made q a s5sation among ! admir]s ( ,engli% op]a4 ,9 #ahdg ,matilda ( ,hung>y 0 produc$1 & met ) success4 ,?irte5 ye>s ( sil5ce elaps$1 & at la/1 9 #ahfj1 he produc$ 8 leg5d>y op]a1 ,lurl9e1 at ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,x gave great satisfaction at ! "t1 b is n[ r>ely p]=m$4 ,besides 8 op]as he also wrote _m waltzes1 nocturnes1 /udies1 & o!r light works = ! piano4 ,aft] ! production ( ,lurl9e he w5t to ,p>is = ! purpose ( br++ out "s ( 8 op]as1 & :ile 9 t city also compos$ ! fir/ act ( an op]a = ,london1 b 8 heal? 0 too delicate to admit ( its completion4 ,he di$ at ,*ateau de ,bay51 ,oct4 #ab1 #ahfe4 ,,m>itana4 ,m>itana1 a romantic op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,fitzball1 f\nd$ ^u ! well-kn[n play ( ,don ,caes> de ,bazan1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,drury ,lane1 ,london1 ,nov4 #ae1 #ahde4 ,! text closely foll[s t ( ! drama4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 a public squ>e ( ,madrid1 :]e a b& ( gypsies are s++ to ! populace1 among !m ,m>itana1 a "y girl ( m ?an ord9>y beauty & vocal accompli%m5ts4 ,among ! spectators is ! "y ,k+ ,*>les1 :o aft] li/5+ to h] is smitt5 ) h] *>ms4 ,don ,jose1 8 m9i/]1 to c>ry out c]ta9 ambiti\s plans ( 8 own1 resolves to enc\rage ! fasc9ations :i* h s attract$ ! ,k+4 ,he extols h] beauty & ar\ses hopes 9 h] brea/ ( future gr&eur & prosp]ity4 ,at ?is juncture ,don ,caes> de ,bazan1 a reckless1 rollick+ cavali]1 comes reel+ out ( a tav]n :]e he has j p>t$ ) ! la/ ( 8 money to gambl]s4 ,9 spite ( 8 %abby co/ume & dissipat$ appe>ance he be>s ! m>ks ( high bre$+4 ,9 bett] days he _h be5 a fri5d ( ,don ,jose4 ,:ile he is relat+ ! /ory ( 8 d[nw>d c>e] to ! m9i/]1 ,laz>illo1 a =lorn "y lad :o has j attempt$ to de/roy himself1 acco/s ,don ,caes>1 & tells him a pite\s tale ( 8 wrongs4 ,don ,caes> befri5ds him1 & 9 consequ5ce becomes involv$ 9 a duel1 :i* leads to 8 arre/2 = x is ,holy ,week1 & duell+ dur+ t "t has be5 =bidd5 on pa9 ( dea?4 ,:ile ,don ,caes> is on 8 way to prison1 ,don ,jose delights ,m>itana by promis+ h] weal?1 a spl5did m>riage1 & an introduction to ! c\rt on ! morr[4 ,! second act op5s 9 ! prison1 & discov]s ,don ,caes> asleep1 ) 8 fai?ful little fri5d wat*+ by him4 ,x is five o'clock :5 he wakes1 & at sev5 he mu/ die4 ,only two h\rs ( life rema9 = him1 b ! prospect does n di/urb him4 ,on ! o!r h& he is gay] ?an usual1 & rallies ,laz>illo ) playful mir?4 ,9 ! mid/ ( 8 gayety ! crafty ,don ,jose ent]s & pr(esses /rong fri5d%ip = him4 ,:5 ,don ,caes> decl>es t he has b "o la/ wi%1 & t is to die a soldi]'s dea? in/ead ( be+ ignom9i\sly hang$1 ,don ,jose says x %all be gratifi$ ^u condition t he w m>ry4 ,! prison] has b an h\r & ?ree qu>t]s to live1 b he cons5ts4 ,he is provid$ ) w$d+ app>el1 & a banquet is spread 9 honor ( ! occasion4 ,dur+ ! fea/ ,laz>illo br+s 9 a pap] to ,don ,jose conta9+ ! ,k+'s p>don = ,don ,caes>1 b ! m9i/] promptly conceals x4 ,m>itana1 h] features disguis$ by a veil1 is introduc$1 & z ! nuptial rites are p]=m$ ! soldi]s prep>e to execute ! p5alty4 ,at ! expiration ( ! h\r ,don ,caes> is l$ out to meet 8 fate1 b ,laz>illo has manag$ to ab/ract ! balls f ! guns4 ,! soldi]s p]=m _! duty1 & ,don ,caes> feigns dea?2 b z soon z ! opportunity occurs1 he leaves ! prison & hurries to a gr& ball giv5 by ! ,m>quis & ,m>*ioness de ,montefiori at _! palace1 :ile ! ,m>quis1 :o has _h 8 in/ructions f ,don ,jose to recognize ,m>itana z 8 long-lo/ niece1 is introduc+ h] z su*4 ,don ,caes> ent]s & dem&s 8 bride4 ,! a/oni%$ ,don ,jose1 p]ceiv+ t 8 s*eme to introduce ,m>itana at c\rt is liable to be fru/rat$1 (f]s ! ,m>quis a ri* appo9tm5t if he w induce 8 wife to play ! "p he %all sugge/4 ,! s*eme is soon arrang$1 & ! ,m>*ioness1 closely veil$1 is pres5t$ to ,don ,caes> z ! ,c\ntess de ,bazan4 ,disgu/$ at ! preci\s piece ( antiquity1 z he t]ms h]1 & fancy+ t he has be5 dup$1 he is ab\t to sign a pap] rel9qui%+ 8 bride1 :5 he sudd5ly he>s ,m>itana's voice4 ,he recognizes x z ! same he _h he>d dur+ ! m>riage rites4 ,he ru%es =w>d to claim h]1 b %e is quickly c>ri$ away1 & he is prev5t$ f foll[+4 ,! la/ act op5s 9 a palace belong+ to ! ,k+1 :]e ,m>itana is surr\nd$ ) luxury1 ?\gh %e is z yet unaw>e t %e is 9 ! royal ap>tm5ts4 ,don ,jose1 fancy+ t ,don ,caes> w n d>e to make 8 appe>ance1 z he does n "k ( 8 p>don1 c>ries out 8 plot by introduc+ ! ,k+ to h] z h] husb&4 ,%e at fir/ rejects him1 & z he presses 8 suit ,don ,caes> breaks into ! ap>tm5t4 ,! ,k+ 9 a rage dem&s to "k 8 err&4 ,he replies t he is 9 que/ ( ! ,c\ntess de ,bazan1 & ) equal rage inquires :o he 7! ,k+7 is4 ,! ,k+ 9 confusion answ]s t he is ,don ,caes>1 :]eupon ! latt] promptly replies1 ,!n ,i am ! ,k+ ( ,spa94 ,be=e fur!r explanation c be made1 a mess5g] arrives f ! ,que5 ) ! ann\ncem5t t %e awaits ! ,k+4 ,aft] 8 dep>ture ,don ,caes> & ,m>itana mutually recognize ea* o!r1 & ^u h] advice he resolves to appeal to ! ,que5 to save h]4 ,he waits = h] ,maje/y 9 ! palace g>d51 & :ile conceal$1 ov]he>s ,don ,jose in=m+ h] t ! ,k+ w meet 8 mi/ress t night4 ,he spr+s out1 & d5\nc+ him z a traitor to 8 ,k+ slays him1 & !n return+ to ,m>itana's ap>tm5t f9ds ! ,k+ !re aga91 & tells him :at has occurr$4 ,he has sav$ ! ,k+'s honor3 w ! ,k+ de/roy 88 ,! mon>*1 ov]come ) ,don ,caes>'s gallantry & loyalty1 consigns ,m>itana to him & appo9ts him ,gov]nor ( ,granada4 ,! appo9tm5t does n suit ,don ,caes>1 = ,granada is too ne> 8 cr$itors4 ,! ,k+1 laugh+1 *anges x to ,val5cia1 a hundr$ leagues away1 & ?i!r ,don ,caes> conducts 8 happy bride4 ,! drama is "o :i* is well adapt$ to bright1 *e]ful1 melodi\s music1 & ! opportunity has be5 well improv$1 = ,m>itana is "o ( ! sprightlie/ & brighte/ ( all ! ,engli% op]as1 & conta9s sev]al ballads :i* = beauty & expressiv5ess may well *all5ge any t ,balfe has writt54 ,! pr9cipal numb]s 9 ! fir/ act are ,m>itana's op5+ song 9 ! public squ>e 7,x 0 a ,knight ( pr9cely ,mi572 ! romanza :i* %e subsequ5tly s+s = ,don ,jose1 ,i he> x aga91 'tis ! ,h>p 9 ! ,air1 :i* is "o ( ! sweete/ & mo/ delicate songs 9 any ( ! light] op]as2 ! duet betwe5 ,m>itana & ,don ,jose1 ,( fairy ,w& _h ,i ! ,p[]2 ,don ,caes>'s rollick+ dr9k+-song1 ,all ! ,_w ov]1 to love1 to dr9k1 to fight1 ,i delight2 & ! tripp+ *orus1 ,pretty ,gitana1 tell u :at ! ,fates decree1 lead+ up to ! /irr+ ensemble 9 ! f9ale1 :5 ,don ,caes> is arre/$4 ,! fir/ sc5e ( ! second act is ! ri*e/ 9 popul> numb]s1 conta9+ an aria = alto1 ,laz>illo's song 7,alas6 ^? ,*imes s sweetly peal+72 a *>m+ trio = ,don ,caes>1 ,laz>illo1 & ,don ,jose 7,turn on1 old ,"t1 ?9e ,h\rglass72 ,don ,caes>'s /irr+ m>tial song1 ,yes1 let me l a ,soldi] fall2 ! s]i\s ballad1 ,9 happy ,mom5ts1 ,day by ,day1 writt5 by ,alfr$ ,bunn1 :o wrote s _m ( ! ,balfe ballads2 & ! qu>tet & *orus clos+ ! sc5e1 ,heal? to ! ,lady1 ! lovely ,bride6 ,! second sc5e op5s ) a pretty *orus 9 waltz "t 7,ah1 :at ,pleasure6 ! s(t ,guit>71 foll[$ by an aria sung by ! ,k+ 7,! ,m>9] 9 8 ,b>k71 & introduc$ by an attractive viol9 prelude4 ,! f9ale is a v dramatic ensemble1 qu9tet & *orus 7,:at ,my/]y mu/ n[ control74 ,! la/ act falls (f 9 musical int]e/1 ?\gh x is v /rong dramatically4 ,x conta9s a few numb]s1 h[ev]1 :i* are v popul>2 among !m "o ( ! mo/ admir$ ( all ,engli% songs 7,sc5es t are brighte/71 :i* ,m>itana s+s 9 ! ,k+'s ap>tm5ts at ! beg9n+ ( ! act2 ! humor\s duet betwe5 ! ,k+ & ,don ,caes> :5 !y meet2 ! love-duet betwe5 ,don ,caes> & ,m>itana 7,?is ,he>t ) ,bliss o'erfl[+72 & ,don ,caes>'s song1 ,!re is a ,fl[] t bloome?1 :i* is 9 ! s5tim5tal ballad /yle4 ,! fre%ness1 brightness1 & gracefulness ( ! music ( ?is little op]a1 comb9$ ) ! unusual int]e/ & delicate humor ( ! /ory1 h always comm5d$ x to popul> admiration4 ,,web]4 ,c>l ,m>ia von ,web] 0 born ,dec4 #ah1 #aghf1 at ,eut91 & may almo/ be said to h be5 born on ! /age1 z 8 fa!r 0 at ! head ( a !atrical company1 & ! "y ,c>l 0 c>ri$ 9 ! tra9 ( ! w&]+ tr\pe all ov] ,g]many4 ,8 fir/ lessons 7 giv5 to him by ,h5s*kel1 conductor ( ! or*e/ra ( ,duke ,fri$ri* ( ,me9+54 ,at ! age ( f\rte5 he wrote 8 fir/ op]a1 ,das ,waldma$*51 :i* 0 p]=m$ sev]al times dur+ ! ye> #ahjj4 ,9 #ahja appe>$ 8 two-act comic op]a1 ,pet] ,s*moll & 8 ,neighbors1 & dur+ ^! two ye>s he also frequ5tly play$ 9 conc]ts ) great success4 ,he !n /udi$ ) ! ,abbe ,vogl]1 & 9 8 eighte5? ye> 0 engag$ = ! conductor%ip ( ! ,breslau op]a4 ,ab\t ?is "t appe>$ 8 fir/ important op]a1 ,rubezahl4 ,at ! conclusion ( 8 /udies ) ,vogl] he 0 made director ( ! ,op]a at ,prague4 ,9 #ahad he wrote a cantata1 ,! ,lyre & ,sword1 = a fe/ive occasion1 & x 0 greet$ ) ! wilde/ en?usiasm4 ,9 #ahaf he w5t to ,b]l91 :]e he 0 receiv$ ) ! highe/ m>ks ( popul> e/eem1 & !nce to ,dresd5 z ,h(capellmei/]4 ,?is 0 ! mo/ brilliant p]iod 9 8 c>e]4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is "t t he m>ri$ ,c>ol9e ,br&t1 ! actress & s+]1 :o _h _h a m>k$ influ5ce ^u 8 musical progress1 & to :om he d$icat$ 8 exquisite ,invitation to ! ,dance4 ,! fir/ great "w ( 8 life1 ,d] ,freis*uetz1 0 writt5 at ?is p]iod4 ,?ree o!r important op]as foll[$1--,preciosa1 ,euryan!1 ! fir/ p]=mance ( :i* took place 9 ,vi5na 9 #ahbc1 & ,ob]on1 :i* he f9i%$ 9 ,london & br\ght out !re4 ,web]'s la/ days 7 sp5t 9 ! latt] city2 & x 0 :ile mak+ prep>ations to return to ,g]many1 :i* he long$ to see aga91 t he 0 /rick5 d[n ) 8 f9al illness4 ,on ! #d? ( ,june1 #ahbf1 he 0 visit$ by ,sir ,george ,sm>t1 ,mos*eles1 & o!r musicians :o 7 eag] to %[ him att5tion4 ,he decl9$ to h any "o wat* by 8 b$side1 ?ank$ !m = _! k9dness1 bade !m good-by1 & !n turn$ to 8 fri5d ,fu]/5au & said1 ,n[ let me sleep4 ,^! 7 8 la/ words4 ,! next morn+ he 0 f\nd dead 9 8 b$4 ,he has left a ri* legacy ( works besides 8 op]as1--a l>ge collection ( songs1 _m cantatas 7( :i* ,! ,jubilee1 ) its brilliant ov]ture1 is ! f9e/71 "s masses1 ( :i* t 9 ,e flat is ! mo/ beautiful1 & sev]al conc]tos1 besides _m brilliant rondos1 polaccas1 & m>*es = ! piano4 ,,d] ,,freis*uetz4 ,d] ,freis*uetz1 a romantic op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,fri$ri* ,k9d1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,b]l91 ,june #ah1 #ahba4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ popul> op]as 9 ! mod]n rep]tory4 ,x 0 fir/ p]=m$ 9 ,p>is1 ,dec4 #g1 #ahbd1 z ,rob9 des ,bois1 ) a new libretto by ,ca/ile ,blaze & ,sauvage1 & _m *anges 9 ! score1 su* z div]tissem5ts made up ( ! dance-music 9 ,preciosa & ,ob]on1 & ( ,! ,invitation to ! ,dance1 scor$ by ,b]lioz4 ,9 #ahda x 0 aga9 giv5 9 ,p>is1 ) an accurate translation ( ! text by ,pac9i1 & recitatives add$ by ,b]lioz1 z ,le ,franc ,ar*]4 ,its fir/ ,engli% p]=mance 9 ,london 0 giv5 ,july #bb1 #ahbd1 z ,d] ,freis*uetz1 or ! ,sev5? ,bullet1 ) sev]al ballads ins]t$2 & its fir/ ,italian at ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,m>* #af1 #ahej1 ) recitatives by ,co/a1 z ,il ,franco ,arci]o4 ,s popul> 0 x 9 ,engl& 9 #ahbd t no less ?an n9e !atres 7 pres5t+ v>i\s v]sions ( x at ! same "t4 ,! orig9al ca/ 0 z foll[s3-- ,,aga?a ,frau ,,c>ol9e ,,seidl]4 ,,ann*5 ,frl4 ,,johanna ,,eunike4 ,,max ,h]r ,,c>l ,,/uem]4 ,,casp> ,h]r ,,he9ri* ,,blume4 ,,ottak> ,h]r ,,rub9/e94 ,,kuno ,h]r ,,wan]4 ,,h]mit ,h]r ,,g]n4 ,,kilian ,h]r ,,wi$emann4 ,! text ( ! op]a is tak5 f a /ory 9 ,popul> ,tales ( ! ,nor!rn ,nations1 & is f\nd$ ^u a tradition>y belief t a demon ( ! =e/ furni%es a m>ksman ) un]r+ bullets ca/ "u magical influ5ces4 ,kuno1 ! head rang] to ! ,pr9ce ( ,bohemia1 too old to long] cont9ue 9 8 position1 recomm5ds ,max1 a skilful m>ksman1 :o is betro!d to 8 daught] ,aga?a1 z 8 successor4 ,! ,pr9ce agrees to accept him if he proves himself victor at ! =?com+ hunt+-mat*4 ,casp>1 ! ma/]-villa9 ( ! play1 :o has sold himself to ! demon ,zamiel1 & :o also is 9 love ) ,aga?a1 =ms a plot to ru9 ,max & deliv] him ov] to ,zamiel z a sub/itute = himself1 = ! limit ( 8 contract ) ! ,evil ,"o is close at h&4 ,) ,zamiel's aid he causes ,max to miss ! m>k sev]al times dur+ ! rehe>sals = ! mat*4 ,! lov] is ?r[n into deep dejection by 8 ill luck1 & :ile 9 ?is melan*oly condition is cunn+ly approa*$ by ,casp>1 :o says to him t if he w b repeat ! =mula1 ,9 ! "n ( ,zamiel1 he w be successful4 ,he does s1 & br+s d[n an eagle so>+ high above him4 ,elat$ ) 8 success1 ,casp> easily p]suades him t he c w9 ! mat* if he w meet him at midnight 9 ! ,wolf's ,gl51 :]e ) ,zamiel's aid he c obta9 pl5ty ( magic bullets4 ,! second act op5s 9 ,kuno's h\se1 & %[s u ,aga?a melan*oly ) =ebod+s ( com+ evil4 ,a h]mit :om %e has met 9 ! woods has w>n$ h] ( dang]1 & giv5 h] a wrea? ( magic roses to w>d x (f4 ,an ance/ral portrait fall+ f ! walls also di/urbs h]2 & at la/ ! appe>ance ( ! melan*oly ,max confirms h] belief t tr\ble is 9 /ore = h]4 ,max himself is no less conc]n$4 ,all sorts ( /range s\nds h tr\bl$ him1 & 8 slumb]s h be5 invad$ ) app>itions4 ,nev]!less1 he goes to ! ,wolf's ,gl52 & ?\gh spectres1 skeletons1 & v>i\s grotesque animals t]rify him1 & 8 "m's _s appe>s & w>ns him away1 he ov]comes 8 fright & appe>s ) ,casp> at ! place ( incantation4 ,zamiel is summon$1 & sev5 bullets are ca/1 six ( :i* are to be direct$ by ,max himself 9 ! =?com+ mat*1 :ile ! sev5? w be at ! disposal ( ! demon4 ,little dream+ ! fate :i* hangs ^u ! sev5?1 ,casp> (f]s no objections4 ,! ?ird act op5s1 l ! la/1 9 ,kuno's h\se1 & discov]s ,aga?a prep>+ = h] nuptials1 & tell+ ,ann*5 a s+ul> dream %e has _h4 ,%e _h fanci$ h]self a dove1 & t ,max fir$ at h]4 ,z ! bird fell %e came to h]self & saw t ! dove _h *ang$ to a fi]ce bird ( ill om5 :i* lay dy+ at h] feet4 ,! melan*oly produc$ by ! dream is /ill fur!r height5$ :5 x is f\nd t a fun]al in/ead ( a bridal wrea? has be5 made = h]2 b h] he>t light5s up aga9 z %e rememb]s ! magic rose-wrea? :i* ! h]mit _h enjo9$ h] to we> on h] w$d+ day4 ,at la/ ! ev5tful day ( trial comes1 & ! ,pr9ce & all 8 c\rti]s assemble to witness ! mat*4 ,max makes six %ots 9 succession :i* g home to ! m>k4 ,at ! ,pr9ce's comm& he fires ! sev5?1 ,zamiel's bullet1 at a dove fly+ pa/4 ,z he fires1 ,aga?a appe>s to him z ! dove1 & he fancies he has sla9 h]4 ,! wrea? protects h]1 h[ev]1 & ,zamiel directs ! bullet to ,casp>'s he>t4 ,! demon claims 8 victim1 & ,max 8 bride1 amid g5]al rejoic+4 ,! ov]ture1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ favorite numb]s ( its class 9 ! conc]t-room z well z 9 ! op]a-h\se1 is a ma/]piece ( brilliant & descriptive in/rum5tation1 & furni%es u ) a key to ! :ole /ory 9 its ann\ncem5t ( ! lead+ !mes4 ,x op5s ) an adagio horn passage ( great beauty1 giv+ u ! gr\ndwork ( ! entire action2 & !n foll[ motives f ,max's gr& sc5a 9 ! fir/ act1 ! ,incantation music1 ,aga?a's moonlight sc5e1 & o!r episodes connect$ ) ! action ( ,max & ,casp>4 ,inde$1 ! frequ5t & expressive use ( ! ,leit motif all ?r\gh ! "w seem to entitle ,web] to ! cr$it ( its inv5tion4 ,! fir/ act op5s ) a spirit$ *orus ( villag]s1 foll[$ by a lively m>* & a comic song by ,kilian1 9 :i* he rallies ,max ^u 8 bad luck4 ,! next numb] is a trio & *orus1 ) solos = ! pr9cipals1 ,max1 ,kuno1 & ,casp> 7,o diese ,sonne1 fur*tb> /eigt sie mir empor74 ,max lam5ts 8 fate1 b ,kuno enc\rages him1 :ile ,casp> ins9uates 8 evil plot4 ,! trio is ( a sombre ca/ at ! beg9n+1 b by a sudd5 *ange ! horns & an expressive comb9ation ( ! *orus give x a *e]ful "*4 ,x is once m di/urb$1 h[ev]1 by ,casp>'s om9\s phrases1 b at la/ ,kuno & 8 m5 *e] up ! despond5t lov] ) a brisk hunt+-*orus1 & ! villag]s dance (f to a lively waltz tempo4 ,max is left alone1 & ! next numb] is a gr& t5or sc5e4 ,x op5s ) a gloomy recitative1 :i* lights up z he ?9ks ( ,aga?a1 & !n passes into "o ( ! mo/ t5d] & delici\s ( melodies 7,dur* die ,waeld]1 dur* die ,au571 set to a beautiful accompanim5t4 ,sudd5ly ! h>mony is cl\d$ by ! app>ition ( ,zamiel1 b z he disappe>s1 ,max beg9s ano!r *>m+ melody 7,jetzt i/ wohl ihr ,f5/] (f571 :i* is ev5 m beautiful ?an ! fir/4 ,z ,zamiel reappe>s ! h>mony is aga9 d>k5$2 b :5 despair+ ,max utt]s ! cry1 ,lives !re no ,god6 ! wood-demon disappe>s1 & ! great song comes to an end4 ,9 ?is mood ,casp> meets him1 & seeks to *e] him ) an hil>i\s dr9k+-song 7,hi] im ird's*5 ,jamm]?al71 furi\s 9 its en]gy1 & int5d$ to express unhall[$ mir?4 ,! act closes ) ,casp>'s bass aria ( inf]nal triumph 7,triumph6 die ,ra*e1 die ,ra*e gel+t71 accompani$ by music :i* is wond]fully weird & %ad[y 9 its sugge/ions4 ,! second act op5s ) a duet 7,s*elm6 halt fe/7 9 :i* ,aga?a's fe> & anxiety are *>m+ly contra/$ ) ! lightsome & *e]y nature ( ,ann*51 h] att5dant1 & ?is 9 turn is foll[$ by a naive & coquetti% arietta 7,kommt e9 s*lank] ,burs* gegang57 sung by ! latt]4 ,ann*5 dep>ts1 & ,aga?a1 op5+ h] w9d[ & lett+ ! moonlight flood ! room1 s+s ! fam\s sc5a & pray]1 ,leise1 leise1 fromme ,weise1 beg9n+1 aft] a few b>s ( recitative1 ) a melody full ( pray] & hope & t5d] long+s1 %ad$ ) vague pres5tim5t4 ,x is an adagio ( exquisite beauty1 clos+ ) an ec/atic outbur/ ( rapture 7,alle me9e ,pulse s*lag57 z %e beholds h] lov] com+4 ,! melody has already be5 he>d 9 ! ov]ture1 b its full joy & spl5did sweep are atta9$ only 9 ?is sc5e4 ,9 ! next sc5e we h a trio 7,wie8 08 ,entsetz587 betwe5 ,max1 ,ann*51 & ,aga?a1 9 :i* ! musical discrim9ation ( "* is c>ri$ to a f9e po9t2 & ! act concludes ) ! incantation music 9 ! ,wolf's ,gl51 :i* has nev] be5 surpass$ 9 weirdness1 my/]y1 & diabl]ie1 & at times 9 actual sublimity4 ,its real p[] lies 9 ! in/rum5tation2 n alone 9 its vivid & picturesque pres5tation ( ! melodramatic sc5e ) its hide\s surr\nd+s1 b 9 its expressiv5ess & apposit5ess to ! action & s5tim5t by ! skilful use ( motives4 ,! la/ act has an in/rum5tal prelude =e%ad[+ ! ,hunt]s' ,*orus4 ,x op5s ) a graceful b some:at melan*oly aria ( a religi\s "* 7,und ob die ,wolke sie v]huelle71 sung by ,aga?a1 9 :i* %e is /ill wav]+ betwe5 d\bt & hope1 & succe$$ by ano!r ( ,ann*5's arias1 beg9n+ ) ! gloomy romance1 ,e9/ traumte me9] sel'g5 ,base1 & clos+ ) a lively allegro 7,truebe ,aug51 ,lieb*571 :i* is int5d$ to enc\rage h] sad mi/ress4 ,!n ! bridesmaids s+ _! lively *orus1 ,wir w9d5 dir d5 ,jungf]n-,kranz1 s well kn[n by its ,engli% title1 ,a rosy ,cr[n we tw9e = ,!e4 ,! pretty little numb] is foll[$ by ! ,hunt]s' ,*orus1 ,0 glei*t wohl auf ,erd5 dem ,jaeg]v]gnueg51 :i* is a univ]sal favorite4 ,x leads up to a /rong dramatic f9ale1 cr[d$ ) /rik+ musical ideas1 & conta9+ ,aga?a's beautiful melody 9 ! clos+ *orus4 ,few op]as h _h su* _w-wide popul>ity z ,d] ,freis*uetz1 & yet x is an ess5tially ,g]man product4 ,! compos]'s son has aptly *>act]iz$ x1 9 8 ,biography ( 8 fa!r3 ,web] did n compose ',d] ,freis*uetz2' he all[$ x to gr[ out ( ! ri* soil ( 8 brave ,g]man he>t1 & to exp& leaf by leaf1 blossom by blossom1 fo/]$ by ! h& ( 8 tal5t2 & ?us no ,g]man looks ^u ! op]a z a "w ( art :i* appeals to him f )\t4 ,he feels z if e l9e ( ! "w came f 8 own he>t1 z if he himself _h dream$ x s1 & x c\ld no m s\nd o!rwise ?an ! ru/l+ ( an hone/ ,g]man bee*-wood4 ,,ob]on4 ,ob]on1 or ! ,elf ,k+'s ,oa?1 a romantic & fairy op]a 9 ?ree acts1 words by ,j4,r4 ,plan*e1 0 fir/ produc$ at ,cov5t ,g>d51 ,london1 ,april #ab1 #ahbf1 9 ,engli%4 ,its fir/ ,italian p]=mance 0 giv5 9 ! same city1 ,july #c1 #ahfj1 ! recitatives be+ suppli$ by ,b5$ict1 :o also add$ sev]al numb]s f ,euryan!4 ,! orig9al ca/ 0 z foll[s3-- ,,reiza ,miss ,,paton4 ,,fatima ,mme4 ,,ve/ris4 ,,puck ,miss ,,cawse4 ,,huon ,mr4 ,,braham4 ,,ob]on ,mr4 ,,bl&4 ,,%]asm9 ,mr4 ,,fawcett4 ,,m]maid ,miss ,,g[nell4 ,! libretti/1 ,plan*e1 9 a tribute to ,web]1 gives ! orig9 ( ! /ory ( ,ob]on4 ,x appe>$ orig9ally 9 a fam\s collection ( ,fr5* romances1 ,la ,biblio!que ,bleue1 "u ! title ( ,huon ( ,bordeaux4 ,! ,g]man poet ,wiel& adopt$ ! pr9cipal incid5ts ( ! /ory z ! basis ( 8 poem1 ,ob]on1 & ,so!by's translation ( x 0 us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! text4 ,! orig9al sket* ( ! action1 z furni%$ by ,plan*e1 is z foll[s3-- ,ob]on1 ! ,elf9 ,k+1 hav+ qu>rell$ ) 8 fairy p>tn]1 v[s nev] to be reconcil$ to h] till he %all f9d two lov]s con/ant ?r\gh p]il & temptation4 ,to seek su* a pair 8 'tricksy _s1' ,puck1 has rang$ 9 va9 ?r\gh ! _w4 ,puck1 h[ev]1 he>s ! s5t5ce pass$ on ,sir ,huon ( ,bordeaux1 a "y knight1 :o1 hav+ be5 insult$ by ! son ( ,*>lemagne1 kills him 9 s+le combat1 & is = ?is condemn$ by ! mon>* to travel to ,bagdad to slay him :o sits on ! ,caliph's left h&1 & to claim 8 daught] z 8 bride4 ,ob]on in/antly resolves to make ?is pair ! in/rum5ts ( 8 reunion ) 8 que51 & = ?is purpose he br+s up ,huon & ,%]asm9 asleep be=e him1 enam\rs ! knight by %[+ him ,reiza1 daught] ( ! ,caliph1 9 a vision1 transports him at 8 wak+ to ,bagdad1 & hav+ giv5 him a magic horn1 by ! bla/s ( :i* he is always to summon ! assi/ance ( ,ob]on1 & a cup t fills at pleasure1 disappe>s4 ,"h ,sir ,huon rescues a man f a lion1 :o proves aft]w>ds to be ,pr9ce ,babekan1 :o is betro!d to ,reiza4 ,"o ( ! prop]ties ( ! cup is to detect misconduct4 ,he (f]s x to ,babekan4 ,on rais+ x to 8 lips ! w9e turns to flame1 & ?us proves him a villa94 ,he attempts to assass9ate ,huon1 b is put to flight4 ,! knight !n le>ns f an old woman t ! pr9cess is to be m>ri$ next day1 b t ,reiza has be5 influ5c$1 l h] lov]1 by a vision1 & is resolv$ to be 8 alone4 ,%e believes t fate w protect h] f h] nuptials ) ,babekan1 :i* are to be solemniz$ on ! next day4 ,huon ent]s1 fights ) & vanqui%es ,babekan1 & hav+ spell-b\nd ! re/ by a bla/ ( ! magic horn1 he & ,%]asm9 c>ry (f ,reiza & ,fatima4 ,!y are soon %ipwreck$4 ,reiza is captur$ by pirates on a des]t isl& & br\ght to ,tunis1 :]e %e is sold to ! ,emir & expos$ to e temptation1 b %e rema9s con/ant4 ,sir ,huon1 by ! ord] ( ,ob]on1 is also convey$ ?i!r4 ,he und]goes simil> trials f ,ro%ana1 ! jeal\s wife ( ! ,emir1 b prov+ invuln]able %e accuses him to h] husb&1 & he is condemn$ to be burn$ on ! same pile ) ,reiza4 ,!y are rescu$ by ,%]asm91 :o has ! magic horn4 ,ob]on appe>s ) 8 que51 :om he has rega9$ by _! con/ancy1 & ! op]a concludes ) ,*>lemagne's p>don ( ,huon4 ,! ov]ture1 l t ( ,d] ,freis*uetz1 reflects ! /ory1 & is univ]sally popul>4 ,its lead+ !mes are ! horn solo1 :i* =ms ! symphony ( ,sir ,huon's vision1 a %ort movem5t f ! fairies' *orus1 a m>tial /ra9 f ! la/ sc5e 9 ! c\rt ( ,*>lemagne1 a passage f ,reiza's sc5e 9 ! second act1 & ,puck's invocation ( ! spirits4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 ,ob]on's b[] ) a melodi\s *orus ( fairies & g5ii 7,light z fairy ,feet c fall71 foll[$ by a solo = ,ob]on 7,fatal ,oa?71 portray+ 8 melan*oly mood1 & ,! ,vision1 a qua9t1 simple melody by ,reiza 7,oh6 :y art ?\ sleep+871 :i* leads up to a spl5did ensemble 7,honor & ,joy to ! ,true & ! ,brave71 conta9+ a solo = ,ob]on1 dur+ :i* ! sc5e sudd5ly *anges f ! fairy b[] to ! city ( ,bagdad4 ,huon has a gr& sc5a 7,oh6 't is a ,glori\s ,sight71 a composition 9 sev]al movem5ts beg9n+ ) a dramatic bravura illu/rative ( ! sc5es ( ! battlefield1 & clos+ ) a joy\s1 brisk allegretto 7,joy to ! high-born ,dames ( ,france74 ,! f9ale beg9s ) an aria by ,reiza 7,yes1 my ,"l71 9 ! ,italian /yle1 pass+ into a duet = ,reiza & ,fatima1 & clos+ ) ! *orus 7,n[ ! ,ev5+ ,wat* is set47 ,! second act op5s ) a *>act]i/ic *orus 7,glory to ! ,caliph71 ! music ( :i* has be5 claim$ by "s critics z g5u9ely ,moori%1 ?\gh x is probable t ,web] only imitat$ t /yle 9 con=mity to ! dem&s ( ! situation4 ,a little m>* & ?ree melodramatic passages lead up to an arietta = ,fatima 7,a lovely ,arab ,maid71 beg9n+ ) a v pleas+ m9or & clos+ 9 a lively major4 ,?is leads directly to ! lovely qu>tet1 ,ov] ! ,d>k ,blue ,wat]s1--"o ( ! mo/ attractive numb]s 9 ! op]a4 ,x is a conc]t$ piece = two sopranos1 t5or1 & bass1 op5+ ) two responsive solos 9 duet1 fir/ = ! bass & t5or1 & !n = ! two sopranos1 ! voices f9ally unit+ 9 a joy\s & animat$ movem5t ( great p[]4 ,! music n[ passes to ! sup]natural1 & we h ,puck's invocation to ! spirits1 :om he summons to raise a /orm & s9k ! vessel 9 :i* ! lov]s h emb>k$4 ,puck's recitative is v p[]ful1 & ! *orus ( ! spirits 9 response1 a v rapid pre/o movem5t1 is 9 its way z effective z ! incantation music 9 ,d] ,freis*uetz4 ,! /orm rises1 ! or*e/ra be+ ! m$ium ( ! description1 :i* is v graphic & effective4 ,huon has a %ort pray] 7,rul] ( ?is ,awful ,h\r71 :i* is impressively solemn1 & !n foll[s ,reiza's magnific5t apo/rophe to ! sea 7,ocean1 ?\ mighty ,mon/] t lie/ curl$ l a gre5 ,s]p5t r\nd ab\t ! ,_w74 ,! sc5e is h]oic 9 its con/ruction1 & its effective p]=mance calls = ! highe/ arti/ic p[]4 ,x repres5ts ! gradual calm ( ! angry wat]s1 ! break+ ( ! sun ?r\gh ! gloom1 & ! arrival ( a boat to ! succor ( ! di/ress$ ,reiza4 ,! imm5se effect ( ! sc5e is greatly enhanc$ by ! descriptive in/rum5tation1 especially 9 ! allegro describ+ ! roll+ ( ! bill[s & ! recitative & succe$+ &ante pictur+ ! outbur/ ( ! sun4 ,! m]maid's song 7,oh6 't is pleasant71 ) its wavy1 fl[+ melody1 =ms a fitt+ p5dant to ?is great picture ( elem5t>y /rife2 & a delicate & graceful *orus closes ! act4 ,! ?ird act op5s ) a lovely song = ,fatima 7,oh6 ,araby1 de> ,araby71 consi/+ ( two movem5ts1--an &ante pla9tively recall+ pa/ memories1 & an allegro ( exquisite ta/e4 ,! song1 ev5 deta*$ f ! op]a1 has always be5 greatly admir$ 9 conc]t-rooms1 &1 x is said1 0 a special favorite also ) ! compos]4 ,x is foll[$ by a duet = ,%]asm9 & ,fatima 7,on ! ,banks ( sweet ,g>onne71 :i* is ( a vivaci\s & comic nature 9 ,%]asm9's "p1 & !n passes into a t5d] m9or z ,fatima s+s4 ,! next numb] is a trio = soprano1 alto1 & t5or 7,& mu/ ,i !n dissemble871 writt5 v mu* 9 ! /yle ( ! trio 9 ,d] ,freis*uetz1 & yet purely orig9al 9 its effect4 ,reiza foll[s ) a smoo?1 fl[+1 & pa!tic cavat9a 7,m\rn ?\1 poor ,he>t71 :i* is succe$$ 9 m>k$ contra/ by a joy\s rondo 7,i revel 9 ,hope7 sung by ,sir ,huon4 ,! next sc5e is t ( ,sir ,huon's temptation1 a voluptu\s passage = ballet & *orus1 int]rupt$ at int]vals by ! en]getic exclamations ( ! palad9 z he successfully resi/s ! sir5s4 ,! gay sc5e leads up to ! f9ale4 ,sir ,huon & ,reiza are b\nd to ! /ake1 surr\nd$ by slaves s++ a weird *orus4 ,a bla/ f ! magic horn sets !m danc+1 & a qu>tet = ! f\r pr9cipal *>act]s bas$ ^u ! subject ( ! slaves' ,*orus ensues4 ,ob]on appe>s & takes 8 leave aft] transport+ ! :ole company to ! royal halls ( ,*>lemagne4 ,a /irr+ m>* op5s ! sc5e1 a beautiful aria by ,huon foll[s 7,yes6 ev5 ,love to ,fame mu/ yield71 & a *orus by ! :ole c\rt closes ! op]a4 ,,euryan!4 ,! op]a ( ,euryan! 0 writt5 = ! ,ka]n?n]?or ,!atre1 ,vi5na1 :]e x 0 fir/ produc$ ,oct4 #be1 #ahbc1 ?\gh n ) ! success :i* aft]w>ds greet$ x 9 ,b]l91 ow+ to ! ,ross9i craze ) :i* ! ,au/rian capital 0 afflict$ at t "t4 ,! libretto is by ,helm9e von ,*ezy1 an ecc5tric old woman :o prov$ a sad torm5t to ! compos]4 ,! plot1 :i* is a curi\s mixture ( ,cymbel9e & ,loh5gr91 0 adapt$ f an old ,fr5* romance1 entitl$ ,l',hi/oire de ,g]>d de ,nev]s et de la belle et v]tueuse ,euryan!1 sa mie1 & is sub/antially z foll[s3-- ,9 ! palace ( ,k+ ,l\is ( ,france1 :]e a brilliant assemblage is ga!r$1 ,c\nt ,adol> s+s a tribute to ! beauty & virtue ( ,euryan!1 8 betro!d4 ,c\nt ,lysi>t replies ) a sne]1 & boa/s t he c ga9 h] favor2 b ,adol> *all5ges him to br+ a pro(4 ,! sc5e !n *anges to ! ca/le ( ,nev]s1 & discloses ,euryan! long+ = ,adol>4 ,eglant9e1 :o is also 9 love ) ,adol>1 & :o is conspir+ aga9/ ,euryan!1 soon jo9s h]1 & 9 _! int]view ! latt] ra%ly discloses ! secret ( a neighbor+ tomb kn[n only to h]self & ,adol>4 ,9 ?is tomb re/s ! body ( ,emma1 ,adol>'s si/]1 :o _h kill$ h]self1 & ^: gho/ _h appe>$ to ,euryan! & h] lov] ) ! decl>ation t %e c nev] be at peace until te>s ( innoc5ce h be5 %$ ^u ! r+ :i* 0 ! ag5cy employ$ 9 h] dea?4 ,lysi>t arrives f c\rt ) a commission to take ,euryan! to ! ,k+1 :ile ,eglant9e is left beh9d 9 possession ( ! secret4 ,9 ! second act ,lysi>t deplores 8 failure to obta9 ! favor ( ,euryan!2 b 8 hopes are r5ew$ :5 he meets ,eglant9e em]g+ f ! tomb ) ! r+1 & le>ns f h] t x c be made to convict ,euryan! ( indiscretion1 or at lea/ ( break+ h] promise n to reveal ! tomb secret4 ,he obta9s ! r+1 confronts ,euryan! ) x at ! palace1 & =ces h] to admit ! brok5 promise4 ,adol>1 believ+ t %e is guilty1 drags h] away to a wild]ness :]e x is 8 int5tion to kill h]2 b on ! way !y are attack$ by a s]p5t4 ,adol> slays ! mon/]1 & !n1 seiz$ ) sudd5 pity1 he ab&ons 8 int5tion ( kill+ h]1 b leaves h] to h] fate4 ,%e is subsequ5tly f\nd by ! ,k+ :ile on a hunt+ exp$ition1 & to him %e relates ! /ory ( ,eglant9e's trea*]y4 ,! ,k+ takes h] ) him to ! palace4 ,mean:ile ,adol> has begun to suspect t ,euryan! has be5 ! victim ( h] base wiles1 & on 8 way to ,nev]s to puni% ,lysi>t he enc\nt]s ! w$d+-procession ( ! guilty pair1 & *all5ges him4 ,! ,k+ sudd5ly arrives ^u ! sc5e & ann\nces ,euryan!'s dea?1 :]eupon ,eglant9e decl>es h] love = ,adol>4 ,! furi\s ,lysi>t turns ^u h] & /abs h]4 ,euryan! is n dead4 ,%e has only fa9t$1 & is soon re/or$ to h] lov]1 :ile ,lysi>t is l$ (f to ! scaffold4 ,! ov]ture1 :i* is famili> 9 our conc]t-rooms1 gives a sket* ( ! pr9cipal situations 9 ! op]a4 ,! fir/ act op5s 9 ! great banquet-hall ( ! ,k+ ) a fl[+ & /ately *orus 7,dem ,fri$5 ,heil7 alt]nat+ betwe5 female & male voices & f9ally tak5 by ! full *orus4 ,!n foll[s ,adol>'s lovely & t5d] romanza 7,unt] blueh5d5 ,m&elbaeum574 ,! next numb]1 a *orus 7,heil6 ,euryan!71 ) recitatives = ,adol>1 ,lysi>t1 & ! ,k+ leads up to a vigor\s trio 7,wohlan6 ,du k5n/74 ,euryan!'s idyllic & t\*+ cavat9a 7,gloeckle9 im ,?ale7 is a mat* 9 beauty & t5d]ness = ,adol>'s romanza4 ,! recitative :i* foll[s introduces a s5tim5tal aria = ,eglant9e 7,o me9 ,leid i/ un]mess571 lead+ to a duet ) ,euryan! 7,unt] i/ me9 ,/]n gegang574 ,a sc5a = ,eglant9e1 *>act]iz$ by all ! hatr$ & fury ( jeal\sy1 introduces ! f9ale1 :i* consi/s ( a vigor\s *orus 7,jubelto5e7 accompany+ ,euryan!'s solo 7,froehli*e ,kla5ge74 ,! second act op5s ) a p[]ful recitative & aria = ,lysi>t 7,wo b]g i* mi*71 :i* is full ( passion4 ,a duet ( a m5ac+ & sombre "* betwe5 ,lysi>t & ,eglant9e 7,komm d5n uns] ,leid zu rae*57 /&s out 9 gloomy contra/ ) ,adol>'s aria 7,weh5 mir ,luefte ,ruh'7 & ! duet ) ,euryan! 7,h9 nimm die ,seele me971 s full ( grace & t5d]ness4 ,!y lead up to ! f9ale1 a gr& qu>tet 7,lass mi* empor zum ,li*te71 ) p[]ful *orus accompanim5t4 ,! la/ act op5s ) ! s]p5t episode1 ) *>act]i/ic music1 & a recitative sc5e betwe5 ,euryan! & ,adol> leads up to a pa!tic cavat9a = ,euryan! 7,hi] am ,quell wo ,weid5 /ehn74 ,! r++ notes ( ! horns beh9d ! sc5es ann\nce ! approa* ( ! ,k+'s p>ty1 :o s+ a fre% & sonor\s hunt+ *orus 7,die ,?ale dampf574 ,! rema9+ numb]s are a duet = ,euryan! & ! ,k+ ) *orus 7,las/ mi* hi] 9 ,ruh' erblass571 a lovely & melodi\s aria ) *orus = ,euryan! 7,zu ihm71 a bright w$d+-m>* & sc5e ) *orus1 & a duet = ,adol> & ,lysi>t ) *orus1 lead+ to ! gr& qu9tet & *orus :i* br+ ! op]a to a close4 ,,app5dix4 ,a "w ( ?is k9d1 by :omsoev] writt51 mu/ be some:at arbitr>y 9 its selection ( ,,! ,,/&>d ,,op]as2 & ! writ] has (t5 f\nd x difficult to say :]e ! l9e %\ld be drawn1--:at exclud$ & :at admitt$4 ,9 addition to ! op]as treat$ (1 !re are o!rs1 )\t a m5tion ( :i* su* a "w z ?is w\ld sc>cely be consid]$ complete2 & a li/ ( ^! is h]e) submitt$1 toge!r ) ! dates ( _! fir/ p]=mance4 ,_m ( ^! are famili> to ! public by _! pa/ reputation1 :ile o!rs /ill hold ! /age 9 ,europe4 ,o!rs h nev] be5 giv5 out ( ! native c\ntry ( _! compos]s2 & /ill o!rs1 l ^? ( ,mr4 ,sullivan1 are 9 reality op]ettas1 & _c be class$ z /&>d1 al?\gh _! popul>ity is extraord9>y4 ,,adam - ,le ,po/ilion de ,longjumeau 7#ahce74 ,,aub] - ,le ,*eval de ,bronze 7,! ,bronze ,horse7 7#ahce72 ,l',ambassadrice 7#ahcf72 ,le ,dom9o ,noir 7,! ,black ,dom9o7 7#ahcg72 ,zanetta 7#ahdj72 ,manon ,lescaut 7#ahef74 ,,balfe - ,en*antress 7#ahde72 ,satanella 7#aheh72 ,puritan's ,daught] 7#ahfa72 ,! ,talisman 7#ahfc74 ,,b5$ict - ,! ,lily ( ,kill>ney 7#ahfb74 ,,cord] - ,nordisa 7#ahhg74 ,,donizetti - ,pol9to 7#ahdj72 ,l9da 7#ahdb72 ,m>ia di ,rohan 7#ahdc72 ,don ,seba/ian 7#ahdc72 ,gemma di ,v]gi 7#ahde74 ,,flot[ - ,l',ombre 7#ahfi74 ,,goetz - ,francesca von ,rim9i 7#ahgd72 ,! ,tam+ ( ! ,%rew 7#ahgd74 ,,goldm>k - ,! ,que5 ( ,%eba 7#ahge72 ,m]l9 7#ahhf72 ,cricket on ! ,he>? 7#ahif74 ,,gomez - ,il ,gu>any 7#ahgj74 ,,g\nod - ,polyeucte 7#ahgh74 ,,halevy - ,l',eclair 7#ahce74 ,,h]old - ,zampa7#ahca72 ,pre aux ,cl]cs7#ahcb74 ,,is\>d - ,joconde 7#ahad74 ,,kreutz] - ,das ,na*tlag] 9 ,granada 7#ahcd74 ,,leoncavallo - ,i ,m$ici 7#ahic74 ,,m>*etti - ,ruy ,blas 7#ahgj74 ,,m>s*n] - ,d] ,vampyr 7#ahbh72 ,hans ,heil+ 7#ahcc74 ,,mascagni - ,l',amico ,fritz 7#ahib72 ,i ,rantzau 7#ahib72 ,silvano7#ahie72 ,guglielmo ,ratcliff 7#ahie74 ,,masse - ,la ,re9e ,topaze 7#ahef72 ,paul et ,virg9ie 7#ahgf74 ,,mass5et - ,le ,roi de ,lahore 7#ahgg72 ,manon ,lescaut 7#ahhd72 ,le ,cid 7#ahhf72 ,escl>monde 7#ahhi74 ,,nicolai - ,m]ry ,wives ( ,w9dsor 7#ahdi74 ,,pac9i - ,saffo 7#ahdj74 ,,planquette - ,! ,bells ( ,corneville 7#ahgg74 ,,pon*ielli - ,la ,gioconda 7#ahgf74 ,,ricci - ,crisp9o 7#ahej74 ,,ross9i - ,la ,gazza ,ladra 7#ahag72 ,moses 9 ,egypt 7#ahah74 ,,rub9/e9 - ,dimitri ,donskoi 7#aheb72 ,! ,demon 7#ahge72 ,f]amors 7#ahfc74 ,,sa9t ,,sa5s - ,le ,timbre d',arg5t 7#ahgg72 ,eti5ne ,m>cel 7#ahgi72 ,h5ry ,,viii4 7#ahhc72 ,pros]p9e 7#ahhg74 ,,/rauss - ,indigo 7#ahga72 ,die ,fl$]maus 7,! ,bat7 7#ahgb72 ,d] ,lu/ige ,krieg 7,! ,m]ry ,w>7 7#ahge74 ,,sullivan - ,trial by ,jury 7#ahge72 ,! ,sorc]] 7#ahgg72 ,p9a=e 7#ahgh72 ,pirates ( ,p5zance 7#ahhj72 ,pati5ce 7#ahha72 ,iolan! 7#ahhb72 ,! ,pr9cess 7#ahhc72 ,! ,mikado 7#ahhe72 ,ruddygore 7#ahhg72 ,! ,yeom5 ( ! ,gu>d 7#ahhh72 ,k+ ( ,b>at>ia 7#ahhi72 ,hesse ,halbpf5nig 7#ahif74 ,,suppe - ,fat9itza 7#ahgf72 ,boccaccio 7#ahhb74 ,,?omas - ,hamlet 7#ahfh72 ,francoise de ,rim9i 7#ahhb74 ,,v]di - ,! ,sicilian ,vesp]s 7#ahee72 ,la ,=za del ,de/9o 7,=ce ( ,de/9y7 7#ahfb72 ,don ,c>los 7#ahfg74 ,,wallace - ,lurl9e 7#ahfj74 ,,web] - ,abu ,hassan 7#ahaa72 ,preciosa 7#ahbc74 ,,index4 ,adam1 #cb1 #fc1 #ga1 #bgg4 ,african1 ,!1 #afj1 #afa1 #ahe4 ,aida1 #bci1 #bfb1 #bgb4 ,albani1 #gi4 ,alboni1 #afa1 #afb4 ,alce/e1 #ajf4 ,alv>y1 #aba4 ,anna ,bol5a1 #ge4 ,app5dix1 #cge4 ,arditi1 #bhd4 ,armide1 #ajf4 ,attila1 #bch4 ,aub]1 #i1 #ad1 #af1 #ag1 #ah1 #bd4 #beh4 ,ba*1 #abf4 ,balfe1 #be1 #bf4 ,balzac1 #adi4 ,b>b] ( ,seville1 #baj1 #bab4 ,beaum>*ais1 #aib4 ,bee?ov51 #cf1 #ci1 #bji1 #cab4 ,bell9i1 #dc4 ,b5$ict1 #cfe4 ,b]lioz1 #bhi1 #ceh4 ,bizet1 #ed1 #eg4 #ei1 #ach4 ,bohemian ,girl1 #bf1 #ca4 ,boieldieu1 #fj4 ,boito1 #fe1 #bci1 #bff1 #bfg1 #bgj1 #bga4 ,bosio1 #aa1 #bdd4 ,braham1 #ae1 #cfe4 ,br&t1 #aag1 #aba4 ,bulw]1 #bgg4 ,calve1 #adi4 ,c>m51 #ee4 ,cavall]ia ,ru/icana1 #aee4 ,c5]5tola1 #baa4 ,*]ub9i1 #fj4 ,*op91 #bbe4 ,co/a1 #ceh4 ,damros*1 #aba4 ,daught] ( ! ,regim5t1 #gf4 ,delibes1 #ga4 ,d] ,freis*uetz1 #ceg1 #ceh1 #cfg4 ,die ,goett]daemm]ung1 #cji1 #caa1 #cae1 #cce4 ,die ,walku]e1 #cji1 #cae1 #cbc4 ,di ,murska1 #bhd4 ,d9orah1 #afj1 #agf4 ,don ,c>los1 #bci4 ,don ,giovanni1 #aia1 #aih1 #bai4 ,donizetti1 #ge1 #hh1 #ie4 ,don ,pasquale1 #gf1 #hc1 #ia4 ,don ,seba/ian1 #he4 ,dumas1 #bdi4 ,duprez1 #hj1 #hf4 ,ernani1 #bch1 #bci4 ,euryan!1 #ceg1 #cfe1 #cga4 ,falcon1 ,cornelia1 #ach1 #afa4 ,faure1 #agf1 #ahe4 ,fau/1 #abe1 #acb1 #bec4 ,favorita1 #gf1 #hj4 ,fidelio1 #cg4 ,flot[1 #if4 ,fly+ ,dut*man1 #afj1 #bge1 #bhd1 #bid4 ,=mes1 #ih4 ,fra ,diavolo1 #aj4 ,francesca di ,rim9i1 #aab4 ,galli-,m>ie1 #ee1 #bcb1 ,g>cia1 #bab1 #bac4 ,gazza ,ladra1 #baa4 ,gluck1 #aje4 ,goe!1 #fe1 #abg1 #afj1 #bcb1 #bid4 ,goetz1 #aaa4 ,goldm>k1 #aaf4 ,g\nod1 #abe1 #ach4 ,grimm1 #add4 ,grisi1 #dd1 #ea1 #hj1 #hc4 ,halevy1 #acg4 ,hansel & ,gretel1 #adc4 ,h>rison1 #ai1 #bg1 #cb1 #agf4 ,ha/reit]1 ,hel5e1 #ajg4 ,haydn1 #cf1 #cg4 ,he9e1 #adc1 #bhd4 ,hueff]1 #bgf1 #cjj1 #cji4 ,hugo1 ,victor1 #ib1 #bci1 #bdj1 #bdd4 ,hugu5ots1 #afj1 #afa1 #ahj1 #baa4 ,hump]d9ck1 #adb4 ,idom5eo1 #aia4 ,i ,m$ici1 #adh4 ,i ,pagliacci1 #adi4 ,iphig5ie en ,aulide1 #ajf4 ,iphig5ie en ,tauride1 #ajf4 ,jahn1 #bji4 ,jewess1 #ach4 ,ju*1 ,emma1 #ajg1 #bbg4 ,kellogg1 ,cl>a ,l\ise1 #gi1 #bcg1 #bhd4 ,lablan*e1 #dd1 #ea1 #hc1 #he1 #bch4 ,la ,dame ,blan*e1 #fa4 ,lagrange1 #ig4 ,lakme1 #gb4 ,l',allem&1 #gb1 #aab1 #bbg4 ,l',amico1 ,fritz1 #aee4 ,la/ ,rose ( ,summ]1 #ajj4 ,l',eclair1 #acg1 #ach4 ,lehmann1 #aag1 #aba4 ,l',elisir d',amore1 #ge1 #hi4 ,leoncavallo1 #adh4 ,l9d1 ,j5ny1 #gg1 #gi1 #afj1 #afg1 #afi1 #agj1 #aga1 #bch4 ,liszt1 #bbe1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bid4 ,loh5gr91 #bge1 #bid1 #cjd1 #cji1 #cdj1 #cga4 ,lomb>di1 #bch4 ,lucca1 #ahf1 #bcg4 ,lucia1 #gf1 #hf1 #ie4 ,lucrezia ,borgia1 #ge1 #ib4 ,lurl9e1 #cej4 ,lu!r1 ,m>t91 #afd1 #aff4 ,magic ,flute1 #aia1 #bjd4 ,malibran1 #ch1 #dh4 ,manon ,lescaut1 #acg4 ,m>io1 #ae1 #hj1 #hc1 #he1 #ib1 #afb1 #bdd4 ,m>itana1 #cdi1 #cej4 ,m>riage ( ,fig>o1 #aia1 #aib1 #aih1 #bja4 ,m>?a1 #ih1 #bec4 ,masaniello1 #ad1 #agf4 ,mascagni1 #aec4 ,mask$ ,ball1 #bci1 #beg4 ,masse1 #ach4 ,mat]na1 #cdj4 ,maurel1 #bfg4 ,mei/]s+]1 #bgf1 #cjc1 #caj4 ,m5delssohn1 #adb4 ,m5des1 ,catulle1 #aea4 ,mephi/opheles1 #ff1 #bci4 ,m]imee1 #ee4 ,m]l91 #aaf1 #aba4 ,mey]be]1 #ach1 #aei1 #afa1 #agf1 #ahe1 #baa1 #bgg4 ,mignon1 #bca1 #bcb4 ,miolan-,c>valho1 #abf1 #aca1 #acd1 #agf1 #bdd4 ,mireille1 #abf4 ,mos5?al1 #aag4 ,moses 9 ,egypt1 #baa4 ,moz>t1 #cf1 #cg1 #adb1 #aij1 #aic1 #bjd4 ,n]o1 #bbf4 ,niemann1 #bhh4 ,nilsson1 #ff1 #bcg1 #bej4 ,nohl1 #cah4 ,norma1 #dd4 ,n\rrit1 #ach1 #afa1 #aga1 #bbj4 ,ob]on1 #ceg1 #ceh1 #cfe4 ,orpheus1 #ajf1 #ajg4 ,otello 7,ross9i71 #baa4 ,o!llo 7,v]di71 #bci1 #bff4 ,pac9i1 #ceh4 ,paisiello1 #baa4 ,pantaleoni1 #bfg4 ,p>epa-,rosa1 #aib4 ,p>sifal1 #bgf1 #cdj4 ,pasdel\p1 #bgf4 ,pa/a1 #dd1 #dh1 #ge4 ,patti1 #gi1 #bej4 ,p]siani1 #hf4 ,picc9i1 #ajf4 ,piccolom9i1 #bg1 #bej4 ,preciosa1 #ceg1ceh4 ,prophet1 ,!1 #afj1 #ahj4 ,puritani1 #dd1 #ej4 ,pyne1 #ai1 #cb1 #agf4 ,que5 ( ,%eba1 #aag4 ,rameau1 #aje4 ,reeves1 #ai4 ,rhe+old1 #cji1 #caj1 #cad1 #cai4 ,ri*+s1 ,c>ol9e1 #gi4 ,ri*t]1 #bgf4 ,ri5zi1 #afj1 #bge1 #bgg1 #bhe4 ,rigoletto1 #hh1 #bci1 #bdd4 ,r+ des ,nibelung51 #bgf1 #cjj1 #cji1 #cda4 ,rob]t ! ,devil1 #afj1 #aga4 ,rob9 ,adair1 #fc4 ,romeo & ,juliet1 #aca1 #acf4 ,ronconi1 #aa1 #bdd4 ,rosa1 ,c>l1 #adc1 #bhd4 ,rose ( ,ca/ile1 #cb4 ,ross9i1 #be1 #dd4 #gf1 #hb1 #ach1 #agd1 #baj1 #bff1 #cga4 ,roze1 ,m>ie1 #ff4 ,rub9i1 #dd1 #dh1 #ea1 #ge4 ,rub9/e91 #bbe4 ,sali]i1 #aic4 ,samm>t9i1 #aje4 ,santley1 #acd1 #bhd4 ,sc>ia1 #cdj4 ,s*ickan$]1 #bjd1 #bje4 ,s*ill]1 #cf1 #bbj1 #cab4 ,s*ro$]-,devri5t1 #bgg1 #bhd1 #bhh4 ,scribe1 #aj1 #ad1 #ai1 #dh1 #fa1 #hb1 #ach1 #afj1 #afa1 #aff1 #aga1 #agb1 #ahj1 #ahe1 #beh4 ,semiramide1 #baa1 #baf4 ,%akspe>e1 #ig1 #aab1 #aca1 #bff4 ,sicilian ,vesp]s1 #bci4 ,siegfri$1 #cji1 #caj1 #caa1 #cae1 #cbi1 #ccg1 #cch1 #cdj4 ,sonnambula1 #dc1 #dh4 ,sontag1 #gi4 ,spohr1 #bhe4 ,/> ( ! ,nor?1 #afj1 #aff4 ,/audigl1 #aga4 ,/radella1 #ajb4 ,/ritt1 #aag4 ,sullivan1 #cge4 ,taglioni1 #aga4 ,tambur9i1 #dd1 #ea1 #hc1 #afb4 ,tam+ ( ! ,%rew1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,tancr$i1 #baj1 #baf4 ,tannhaeus]1 #bge1 #bhh1 #bid4 ,tausig1 #cab4 ,?alb]g1 #bbe4 ,?illon1 #ai1 #gf4 ,?omas1 ,ambroise1 #bca4 ,?omas1 ,!odore1 #ed1 #ga1 #ajg1 #bbi1 #bgf4 ,ti*ats*eck1 #bgg4 ,titi5s1 #acd4 ,traviata1 #bci1 #bdi1 #bec4 ,trebelli1 #acd4 ,tri/an & ,isolde1 #bgf1 #bii1 #caj4 ,trovatore1 #bci1 #bec1 #bfb1 #bff4 ,ulri*1 #aaa4 ,v]di1 #bch4 ,vi>dot-,g>cia1 #ajg1 #afb1 #ahj4 ,vogl]1 #aei1 #cef4 ,von ,buel[1 #aaa1 #bgg1 #bii1 #cjd4 ,wagn]1 #ah1 #eh1 #fe1 #gj1 #abb1 #adb1 #adc1 #add1 #afj1 #bbj1 #bff1 #bgb1 #bge1 #bhh1 #cab4 ,wallace1 #cdi4 ,web]1 #cef4 ,wette1 ,adelheid1 #adc4 ,william ,tell1 #ach1 #agf1 #baa1 #bbj4 ,w9ckelmann1 #cdj4 ,z+>elli1 #dc4 ,zuc*i1 #ahf4