,,the ,,arabian ,,art    ,,of           
,,taming ,,and ,,training    ,,wild     
,,vicious ,,horses4      ,,by      ,t4  
,,gilbert1 ,,bro4 ,,ramsey  ,,co4       
,,printed ,,and ,,sold ,,for ,,the      
,,publisher ,,by  ,,henry ,,watkins     
,,printer1 #bbe  #bbg ,,west ,,fifth    
,,street1 ,,cincinnati1 ,,ohio  #ahef4  
,,introduction4    ,the first           
domestication of the horse1 one of the  
greatest achievements of  man in the    
animal kingdom1 was not the work of a   
day2 but like all other  great          
accomplishments1 was brought about by a 
gradual process of  discoveries and     
experiments4 ,he first subdued the more 
subordinate  animals1 on account of     
their being easily caught and tamed1 and
 used for  many years the mere drudges1 
the ox1 the ass1 and the camel1 instead 
of  the fleet and elegant horse4 ,this  
noble animal was the last brought into  
subjection1 owing1 perhaps1 to man's    
limited and inaccurate knowledge of  his
 nature1 and his consequent inability to

 control him4 ,this fact alone  is      
sufficient evidence of his superiority  
over all other animals4    ,man1 in all 
his inventions and discoveries1 has     
almost invariably  commenced with some  
simple principle1 and gradually         
developed it from one  degree of        
perfection to another4 ,the first hint  
that we have of the use of  electricity 
was ,franklin's drawing it from the     
clouds with his kite4 ,now  it is the   
instrument of conveying thought from    
mind to mind1 with a  rapidity that     
surpasses time4 ,the great propelling   
power that drives the  wheel of the     
engine over our land1 and ploughs the   
ocean with our  steamers1 was first     
discovered escaping from a tea-kettle4  
,and so the  powers of the horse1 second
 only to the powers of steam1 became    
known to  man only as experiments1 and  
investigation revealed them4    ,the    
horse1 according to the best accounts we
 can gather1 has been the  constant     
servant of man for nearly four thousand 

years1 ever rewarding him  with his     
labor and adding to his comfort in      
proportion to his skill and  manner of  
using him2 but being to those who govern
 him by brute force1 and  know nothing  
of the beauty and delight to be gained  
from the cultivation  of his finer      
nature1 a fretful1 vicious1 and often   
dangerous servant2  whilst to the       
,arabs1 whose horse is the pride of his 
life1 and who governs  him by the law of
 kindness1 we find him to be quite a    
different animal4  ,the manner in which 
he is treated from a foal gives him an  
affection and  attachment for his master
 not known in any other country4 ,the   
,arab and his  children1 the mare and   
her foal1 inhabit the tent together2 and
 although  the foal and the mare's neck 
are often pillows for the children to   
roll  upon1 no accident ever occurs1 the
 mare being as careful of the children  
as of the colt4 ,such is the mutual     
attachment between the horse and his    
master1 that he will leave his          

companions at his master's call1 ever   
glad  to obey his voice4 ,and when the  
,arab falls from his horse1 and is      
unable  to rise again1 he will stand by 
him and neigh for assistance2 and if he 
lays down to sleep1 as fatigue sometimes
 compels him to do in the midst of  the 
desert1 his faithful steed will watch   
over him1 and neigh to arouse  him if   
man or beast approaches4 ,the ,arabs    
frequently teach their horses  secret   
signs or signals1 which they make use of
 on urgent occasions to  call forth     
their utmost exertions4 ,these are more 
efficient than the  barbarous mode of   
urging them on with the spur and whip1 a
 forcible  illustration of which will be
 found in the following anecdote4    ,a 
,bedouin1 named ,jabal1 possessed a mare
 of great celebrity4 ,hassad ,pacha1    
then ,governor of ,damascus1 wished to  
buy the animal1 and repeatedly made  the
 owner the most liberal offers1 which   
,jabal steadily refused4 ,the ,pacha    
then had recourse to threats1 but with  

no better success4 ,at length1 one      
,gafar1 a ,bedouin of another tribe1    
presented himself to the ,pacha1 and    
asked what he would give the man who    
should make him master of ,jabal's      
mare8 ,i will fill his horse's nose-bag 
with gold1 replied ,hassad4 ,the  result
 of this interview having gone abroad2  
,jabal became more watchful  than ever1 
and always secured his mare at night    
with an iron chain1 one  end of which   
was fastened to her hind fetlock1 whilst
 the other1 after  passing through the  
tent cloth1 was attached to a picket    
driven in the  ground under the felt    
that served himself and wife for a bed4 
,but one  midnight1 ,gafar crept        
silently into the tent1 and succeeded in
 loosening  the chain4 ,just before     
starting off with his prize1 he caught  
up ,jabal's  lance1 and poking him with 
the butt end1 cried out3 ,i am ,gafar6  
,i have  stolen your noble mare1 and    
will give you notice in time4 ,this     
warning  was in accordance with the     

customs of the ,desert2 for to rob a    
hostile  tribe is considered an         
honorable exploit1 and the man who      
accomplishes it  is desirous of all the 
glory that may flow from the deed4 ,poor
 ,jabal1 when  he heard the words1      
rushed out of the tent and gave the     
alarm1 then  mounting his brother's     
mare1 accompanied by some of his tribe1 
he pursued  the robber for four hours4  
,the brother's mare was of the same     
stock as  ,jabal's but was not equal to 
her2 nevertheless1 he outstripped those 
of  all the other pursuers1 and was even
 on the point of overtaking the  robber1
 when ,jabal shouted to him3 ,pinch her 
right ear and give her a  touch of the  
heel4 ,gafar did so1 and away went the  
mare like lightning1  speedily rendering
 further pursuit hopeless4 ,the pinch in
 the ear and  the touch with the heel   
were the secret signs by which ,jabal   
had been  used to urge his mare to her  
utmost speed4 ,jabal's companions were  
amazed  and indignant at his strange    

conduct4 ,o thou father of a jackass6   
they  cried1 thou hast helped the thief 
to rob thee of thy jewel4 ,but he       
silenced their upbraidings by saying3 ,i
 would rather lose her than sully  her  
reputation4 ,would you have me suffer it
 to be said among the tribes  that      
another mare had proved fleeter than    
mine8 ,i have at least this  comfort    
left me1 that ,i can say she never met  
with her match4    ,different countries 
have their different modes of           
horsemanship1 but  amongst all of them  
its first practice was carried on in but
 a rude and  indifferent way1 being     
hardly a stepping stone to the comfort  
and delight  gained from the use of the 
horse at the present day4 ,the polished 
,greeks  as well as the ruder nations of
 ,northern ,africa1 for a long while    
rode  without either saddle or bridle1  
guiding their horses1 with the voice or 
the hand1 or with a light switch with   
which they touched the animal on the    
side of the face to make him turn in the

 opposite direction4 ,they urged  him   
forward by a touch of the heel1 and     
stopped him by catching him by the      
muzzle4 ,bridles and bits were at length
 introduced1 but many centuries  elapsed
 before anything that could be called a 
saddle was used4 ,instead of  these1    
cloths1 single or padded1 and skins of  
wild beasts1 often richly  adorned1 were
 placed beneath the rider1 but always   
without stirrups2 and  it is given as an
 extraordinary fact1 that the ,romans   
even in the times  when luxury was      
carried to excess amongst them1 never   
desired so simple an  expedient for     
assisting the horseman to mount1 to     
lessen his fatigue and  aid him in      
sitting more securely in his saddle4    
,ancient sculptors prove  that the      
horsemen of almost every country were   
accustomed to mount their  horses from  
the right side of the animal1 that they 
might the better grasp  the mane1 which 
hangs on that side1 a practice          
universally changed in  modern times4   

,the ancients generally leaped on their 
horse's backs1 though  they sometimes   
carried a spear1 with a loop or         
projection about two feet  from the     
bottom which served them as a step4 ,in 
,greece and ,rome1 the local  magistracy
 were bound to see that blocks for      
mounting 7what the ,scotch  call        
loupin-on-stanes7 were placed along the 
road at convenient  distances4 ,the     
great1 however1 thought it more         
dignified to mount their  horses by     
stepping on the bent backs of their     
servants or slaves1 and many  who could 
not command such costly help used to    
carry a light ladder about  with them4  
,the first distinct notice that we have 
of the use of the saddle  occurs in the 
edict of the ,emperor ,theodosias1      
7,a4,d4 #che7 from which we  also learn 
that it was usual for those who hired   
post-horses1 to provide  their own      
saddle1 and that the saddle should not  
weigh more than sixty  pounds1 a        
cumbrous contrivance1 more like the     

howdahs placed on the backs  of         
elephants than the light and elegant    
saddle of modern times4  ,side-saddles  
for ladies are an invention of          
comparatively recent date4 ,the  first  
seen in ,england was made for ,anne of  
,bohemia1 wife of ,richard the  ,second1
 and was probably more like a pillion   
than the side-saddle of the  present    
day4 ,a pillion is a sort of a very     
low-backed arm-chair1 and was  fastened 
on the horse's croup1 behind the saddle1
 on which a man rode who  had all the   
care of managing the horse1 while the   
lady sat at her ease1  supporting       
herself by grasping a belt which he     
wore1 or passing her arm  around his    
body1 if the gentleman was not too      
ticklish4 ,but the ,mexicans  manage    
these things with more gallantry than   
the ancients did4 ,the  pisanna1 or     
country lady1 we are told is often seen 
mounted before her  cavalera1 who take  
the more natural position of being      
seated behind his  fair one1 supporting 

her by throwing his arm around her      
waist1 7a very  appropriate support if  
the bent position of the arm does not   
cause an  occasional contraction of the 
muscles47 ,these two positions may      
justly be  considered as the first steps
 taken by the ladies towards their      
improved  and elegant mode of riding at 
the present day4    ,at an early period 
when the diversion of hawking was       
prevalent1 they  dressed themselves in  
the costume of the knight1 and rode     
astride4 ,horses  were in general use   
for many centuries before anything like 
a protection  for the hoof was thought  
of1 and it was introduced1 at first1 as 
a matter  of course1 on a very simple   
scale4 ,the first foot defense1 it is   
said1  which was given to the horse1 was
 on the same principle as that worn by  
man1 which was a sort of sandal1 made of
 leather and tied to the horse's  foot1 
by means of straps or strings4 ,and     
finally plates of metal were  fastened  
to the horse's feet by the same simple  

means4    ,here again1 as in the case of
 the sturrupless saddle1 when we reflect
 that  men should1 for nearly a thousand
 years1 have gone on fastening plates of
  metal under horses' hoofs by the      
clumsy means of straps and strings1     
without its ever occurring to them to   
try so simple an improvement as  nails1 
we have another remarkable demonstration
 of the slow steps by which             
horsemanship has reached its present    
state4    ,in the forgoing remarks ,i   
have taken the liberty of extracting    
several  facts from a valuable little   
work by ,rolla ,springfield4 ,with this 
short  comment on the rise and progress 
of horsemanship1 from its commencement  
up  to the present time1 ,i will proceed
 to give you the principles of a new    
theory of taming wild horses1 which is  
the result of many experiments and  a   
thorough investigation and trial of the 
different methods of  horsemanship now  
in use4          ,,the ,,three          
,,fundamental ,,principles  ,,of ,,my   

,,theory      ,founded on the ,leading  
,characteristics of the ,horse4         
,,first4--,that he is so constituted by 
nature that he will not offer           
resistance to any demand made of him    
which he fully comprehends1 if made  in 
a way consistent with the laws of his   
nature4    ,,second4--,that he has no   
consciousness of his strength beyond his
  experience1 and can be handled        
according to our will1 without force4   
,,third4--,that we can1 in compliance   
with the laws of his nature by which he 
examines all things new to him1 take any
 object1 however frightful1  around1    
over or on him1 that does not inflict   
pain1 without causing him to  fear4     
,to take these assertions in order1 ,i  
will first give you some of the  reasons
 why ,i think he is naturally obedient1 
and will not offer  resistance to       
anything fully comprehended4 ,the horse1
 though possessed of  some faculties    
superior to man's being deficient in    
reasoning powers1 has  no knowledge of  

right or wrong1 of free will and        
independent government1  and knows not  
of any imposition practiced upon him1   
however unreasonable  these impositions 
may be4 ,consequently1 he cannot come to
 any decision  what he should or should 
not do1 because he has not the reasoning
  faculties of man to argue the justice 
of the thing demanded of him4 ,if he    
had1 taking into consideration his      
superior strength1 he would be useless  
to man as a servant4 ,give him mind in  
proportion to his strength1 and he  will
 demand of us the green fields for an   
inheritance1 where he will roam  at     
leisure1 denying the right of servitude 
at all4 ,god has wisely formed  his     
nature so that it can be operated upon  
by the knowledge of man  according to   
the dictates of his will1 and he might  
well be termed an  unconscious1         
submissive servant4 ,this truth we can  
see verified in every  day's experience 
by the abuses practiced upon him4 ,any  
one who chooses to  be so cruel1 can    

mount the noble steed and run him 'till 
he drops with  fatigue1 or1 as is often 
the case with more spirited1 fall dead  
with the  rider4 ,if he had the power to
 reason1 would he not vault and pitch   
his  rider1 rather than suffer him to   
run him to death8 ,or would he          
condescend  to carry at all the vain    
imposter1 who1 with but equal intellect1
 was  trying to impose on his equal     
rights and equally independent spirit8  
,but  happily for us1 he has no         
consciousness of imposition1 no thought 
of  disobedience except by impulse      
caused by the violation of the law of   
nature4 ,consequently when disobedient  
it is the fault of man4    ,then1 we can
 but come to the conclusion1 that if a  
horse is not taken in a  way at variance
 with the law of his nature1 he will do 
anything that he  fully comprehends     
without making any offer of resistance4 
,second4 ,the fact of the horse being   
unconscious of the amount of his        
strength1 can be proven to the          

satisfaction of any one4 ,for instance1 
such  remarks as these are common1 and  
perhaps familiar to your recollection4  
,one person says to another1 ,if that   
wild horse there was conscious of the   
amount of his strength1 his owner could 
have no business with him in that       
vehicle2 such light reins and harness1  
too2 if he knew he could snap them      
asunder in a minute and be as free as   
the air we breathe2 and1 that  horse    
yonder that is pawing and fretting to   
follow the company that is  fast leaving
 him1 if he knew his strength he would  
not remain long  fastened to that       
hitching post so much against his will1 
by a strap that  would no more resist   
his powerful weight and strength1 than a
 cotton  thread would bind a strong man4
 ,yet these facts made common by every  
day  occurrence1 are not thought of as  
anything wonderful4 ,like the ignorant  
man who looks at the different phases of
 the moon1 you look at these  things as 
he looks at her different changes1      

without troubling your mind  with the   
question1 ,why are these things so8     
,what would be the condition  of the    
world if all our minds lay dormant8 ,if 
men did not think1 reason  and act1 our 
undisturbed1 slumbering intellects would
 not excel the  imbecility of the brute2
 we would live in chaos1 hardly aware of
 our  existence4 ,and yet with all our  
activity of mind1 we daily pass by      
unobserved that which would be wonderful
 if philosophised and reasoned  upon1   
and with the same inconsistency wonder  
at that which a little  consideration1  
reason and philosophy would be but a    
simple affair4    ,thirdly4 ,he will    
allow any object1 however frightful in  
appearance1 to  come around1 over or on 
him1 that does not inflict pain4    ,we 
know from a natural course of reasoning1
 that there has never been an  effected 
without a cause1 and we infer from this1
 that there can be no  action1 either in
 animate or inanimate matter1 without   
there first being  some cause to produce

 it4 ,and from this self-evident fact we
 know that  there is some cause for     
every impulse or movement of either mind
 or  matter1 and that this law governs  
every action or movement of the animal  
kingdom4 ,then1 according to this       
theory1 there must be some cause before 
fear can exist2 and1 if fear exists from
 the effect of imagination1 and  not    
from the infliction of real pain1 it can
 be removed by complying with  those    
laws of nature by which the horse       
examines an object1 and determines  upon
 its innocence or harm4    ,a log or    
stump by the road-side may be1 in the   
imagination of the horse1  some great   
beast about to pounce upon him2 but     
after you take him up to it  and let him
 stand by it a little while1 and touch  
it with his nose1 and go  through his   
process of examination1 he will not care
 any thing more about  it4 ,and the same
 principle and process will have the    
same effect with any  other object1     
however frightful in appearance1 in     

which there is no harm4  ,take a boy    
that has been frightened by a false-face
 or any other object  that he could not 
comprehend at once2 but let him take    
that face or object  in his hands and   
examine it1 and he will not care        
anything more about it4  ,this is a     
demonstration of the same principle4    
,with this introduction to the          
principles of my theory1 ,i shall next  
attempt to teach you how to put it into 
practice1 and whatever  instructions may
 follow1 you can rely on as having been 
proven practical  by my own experiments4
 ,and knowing from experience just what 
obstacles ,i  have met with in handling 
bad horses1 ,i shall try to anticipate  
them for  you1 and assist you in        
surmounting them1 by commencing with the
 first  steps taken with the colt1 and  
accompanying you through the whole task 
of  breaking4      ,,how ,,to ,,succeed 
,,in ,,getting ,,the ,,colt ,,from      
,,pasture4    ,go to the pasture and    
walk around the whole herd quietly1 and 

at such a  distance as not to cause them
 to scare and run4 ,then approach them  
very  slowly1 and if they stick up their
 heads and seem to be frightened1 hold  
on until they become quiet1 so as not to
 make them run before you are  close    
enough to drive them in the direction   
you want to go4 ,and when you  begin to 
drive1 do not flourish your arms or     
hollow1 but gently follow  them off     
leaving the direction free for them that
 you wish them to take4  ,thus taking   
advantage of their ignorance1 you will  
be able to get them in  the pound as    
easily as the hunter drives the quails  
into his net4 ,for1 if  they have always
 run into the pasture uncared for1 7as  
many horses do in  prairie countries and
 on large plantations17 there is no     
reason why they  should not be as wild  
as the sportsman's birds and require the
 same gentle  treatment1 if you want to 
get them without trouble2 for the horse 
in his  natural state is as wild as any 
of the undomesticated animals1 though   

more  easily tamed than most of them4   
,,how ,,to ,,stable ,a ,,colt ,,without 
,,trouble4    ,the next step will be1 to
 get the horse into a stable or shed4   
,this should  be done as quietly as     
possible1 so as not to excite any       
suspicion in the  horse of any danger   
befalling him4 ,the best way to do this1
 is to lead a  gentle horse into the    
stable first and hitch him1 then quietly
 walk around  the colt and let him go in
 of his own accord4 ,it is almost       
impossible to  get men1 who have never  
practiced on this principle1 to go slow 
and  considerate enough about it4 ,they 
do not know that in handling a wild     
horse1 above all other things1 is that  
good old adage true1 that haste  makes  
waste2 that is1 waste of time1 for the  
gain of trouble and  perplexity4    ,one
 wrong move may frighten your horse1 and
 make him think it is necessary  to     
escape at all hazards for the safety of 
his life1 and thus make two  hours work 
of a ten minutes job2 and this would be 

all your own fault1 and  entirely       
unnecessary2 for he will not run unless 
you run after him1 and  that would not  
be good policy1 unless you knew that you
 could outrun him2  or you will have to 
let him stop of his own accord after    
all4 ,but he will  not try to break     
away1 unless you attempt to force him   
into measures4 ,if  he does not see the 
way at once1 and is a little fretful    
about going in1  do not undertake to    
drive him1 but give him a little less   
room outside1 by  gently closing in     
around him4 ,do not raise your arms1 but
 let them hang at  your side2 for you   
might as well raise a club4 ,the horse  
has never studied  anatomy1 and does not
 know but they will unhinge themselves  
and fly at  him4 ,it he attempts to turn
 back1 walk before him1 but do not run2 
and if  he gets past you1 encircle him  
again in the same quiet manner1 and he  
will  soon find that you are not going  
to hurt him2 and you can soon walk so   
close around him that he will go into   

the stable for more room1 and to get    
farther from you4 ,as soon as he is in1 
remove the quiet horse and shut the     
door4 ,this will be his first notion of 
confinement--not knowing how to get  in 
such a place1 nor how to get out of it4 
,that he may take it as quietly  as     
possible1 see that the shed is entirely 
free from dogs1 chickens1 or  anything  
that would annoy him2 then give him a   
few ears of corn1 and let  him remain   
alone fifteen or twenty minutes1 until  
he has examined his  apartment1 and has 
become reconciled to his confinement4   
,,time ,,to ,,reflect4    ,and now1     
while your horse is eating those few    
ears of corn1 is the proper  time to see
 that your halter is ready and all      
right1 and to reflect on the  best mode 
of operations2 for1 in the              
horsebreaking1 it is highly  important  
that you should be governed by some     
system4 ,and you should know  before you
 attempt to do anything1 just what you  
are going to do1 and how  you are going 

to do it4 ,and1 if you are experienced  
in the art of taming  wild horses1 you  
ought to be able to tell within a few   
minutes the length  of time it would    
take you to halter the colt1 and learn  
him to lead4      ,,the ,,kind ,,of     
,,halter4    ,always use a leather      
halter1 and be sure to have it made so  
that it will  not draw tight around his 
nose if he pulls on it4 ,it should be of
 the  right size to fit his head easily 
and nicely2 so that the nose band will  
not be too tight or too low4 ,never put 
a rope halter on an unbroken colt  under
 any circumstances whatever4 ,they have 
caused more horses to hurt or  kill     
themselves1 than would pay for twice the
 cost of all the leather  halters that  
have ever been needed for the purpose of
 haltering colts4 ,it  is almost        
impossible to break a colt that is very 
wild with a rope halter1  without having
 him pull1 rear and throw himself1 and  
thus endanger his  life2 and ,i will    
tell you why4 ,it is just as natural for

 a horse to try to  get his head out of 
anything that hurts it1 or feels        
unpleasant1 as it  would be for you to  
try to get your hand out of a fire4 ,the
 cords of the  rope are hard and        
cutting2 this makes him raise his head  
and draw on it1  and as soon as he      
pulls1 the slip noose 7the way rope     
halters are always  made7 tightens1 and 
pinches his nose1 and then he will      
struggle for life1  until1 perchance1 he
 throws himself2 and who would have his 
horse throw  himself1 and run the risk  
of breaking his neck1 rather than pay   
the price  of a leather halter4 ,but    
this is not the worst4 ,a horse that has
 once  pulled on his halter1 can never  
be as well broke as one that has never  
pulled at all4      ,,remarks ,,on ,,the
 ,,horse4    ,but before we attempt to  
do anything more with the colt1 ,i will 
give you  some of the characteristics of
 his nature1 that you may better        
understand  his motions4 ,every one that
 has ever paid any attention to the     

horse1 has  noticed his natural         
inclination to smell of everything which
 to him looks  new and frightful4 ,this 
is their strange mode of examining      
everything4  ,and1 when they are        
frightened at anything1 though they look
 at it sharply1  they seem to have no   
confidence in this optical examination  
alone1 but  must touch it with the nose 
before they are entirely satisfied2 and1
 as  soon as this is done1 all is right4
      ,,experiments ,,with ,,the ,,robe4
    ,if you want to satisfy yourself of 
this characteristic of the horse1 and   
learn something of importance concerning
 the peculiarities of his nature1  etc41
 turn him into the barn-yard1 or a large
 stable will do1 and then  gather up    
something that you know will frighten   
him2 a red blanket1  buffalo robe1 or   
something of that kind4 ,hold it up so  
that he can see it2  he will stick up   
his head and snort4 ,then throw it down 
somewhere in the  center of the lot or  
barn1 and walk off to one side4 ,watch  

his motions1  and study his nature4 ,if 
he is frightened at the object1 he will 
not rest  until he has touched it with  
his nose4 ,you will see him begin to    
walk  around the robe and snort1 all the
 time getting a little closer1 as if    
drawn up by some magic spell1 until he  
finally gets within reach of it4 ,he    
will then very cautiously stretch out   
his neck as far as he can reach1  merely
 touching it with his nose1 as though he
 thought it was ready to fly  at him4   
,but after he has repeated these touches
 a few times1 for the first  7though he 
has been looking at it all the time7 he 
seems to have an idea  what it is4 ,but 
now he has found1 by the sense of       
feeling1 that it is  nothing that will  
do him any harm1 and he is ready to play
 with it4 ,and if  you watch him        
closely1 you will see him take hold of  
it with his teeth1  and raise it up and 
pull at it4 ,and in a few minutes you   
can see that he  has not that same wild 
look about his eye1 but stands like a   

horse biting  at some familiar stump4   
,yet the horse is never well satisfied  
when he is about anything that has      
frightened him1 as when he is standing  
with his nose to it4 ,and1 in nine      
cases out of ten1 you will see some of  
that same wild look about him  again1 as
 he turns to walk from it4 ,and you     
will1 probably1 see him  looking back   
very suspiciously as he walks away1 as  
though he thought it  might come after  
him yet4 ,and1 in all probability1 he   
will have to go back  and make another  
examination before he is satisfied4 ,but
 he will  familiarize himself with it1  
and1 if he should run in that lot a few 
days1  the robe that frightened him so  
much at first1 will be no more to him   
than  a familiar stump4                 
,,suppositions ,,on ,,the ,,sense ,,of  
,,smelling4    ,we might very naturally 
suppose1 from the fact of the horse's   
applying his  nose to every thing new to
 him1 that he always does so for the    
purpose of  smelling these objects4 ,but

 ,i believe that it is as much or more  
for the  purpose of feeling2 and that he
 makes use of his nose or muzzle1 7as it
 is  sometimes called47 as we would of  
our hands2 because it is the only organ 
by which he can touch or feel anything  
with much susceptibility4    ,i believe 
that he invariably makes use of the four
 senses1 seeing1  hearing1 smelling and 
feeling1 in all of his examinations1 of 
which the  sense of feeling is1 perhaps1
 the most important4 ,and ,i think that 
in the  experiment with the robe1 his   
gradual approach and final touch with   
his  nose was as much for the purpose of
 feeling1 as anything else1 his sense   
of smell being so keen1 that it would   
not be necessary for him to touch  his  
nose against anything in order to get   
the proper scent2 for it is said  that a
 horse can smell a man the distance of a
 mile4 ,and1 if the scent of  the robe  
was all that was necessary1 he could get
 that several rods off4  ,but1 we know  
from experience1 that if a horse sees   

and smells a robe a  short distance from
 him1 he is very much frightened1       
7unless he is used to  it17 until he    
touches or feels it with his nose2 which
 is a positive proof  that feeling is   
the controlling sense in this case4     
,,prevailing ,,opinion ,,of ,,horsemen4 
,it is a prevailing opinion among       
horsemen generally1 that the sense of   
smell is the governing sense of the     
horse4 ,and ,faucher1 as well as others1
  have1 with that view1 got up receipts 
of strong smelling oils1 etc41 to  tame 
the horse1 sometimes using the chesnut  
of his leg1 which they dry1  grind into 
powder and blow into his nostrils4      
,sometimes using the oil of  rhodium1   
organnnum1 etc42 that are noted for     
their strong smell4 ,and  sometimes they
 scent the hands with the sweat from    
under the arm1 or blow  their breath    
into his nostrils1 etc41 etc4 ,all of   
which1 as far as the  scent goes have no
 effect whatever in gentling the horse1 
or conveying any  idea to his mind2     

though the works that accompany these   
efforts--handling  him1 touching him    
about the nose and head1 and patting    
him1 as they direct  you should1 after  
administering the articles1 may have a  
very great  effect1 which they mistake  
to be the effect of the ingredients     
used4 ,and  ,faucher1 in his work       
entitled1 ,the ,arabian art of taming   
,horses1 page  #ag1 tells us how to     
accustom a horse to a robe1 by          
administering certain  articles to his  
nose2 and goes on to say1 that these    
articles must first  be applied to the  
horse's nose before you attempt to break
 him1 in order  to operate successfully4
    ,now1 reader1 can you1 or any one   
else1 give one single reason how scent  
can convey any idea to the horse's mind 
of what we want him to do8 ,if not1     
then of course strong scents of any kind
 are of no account in taming the        
unbroken horse4 ,for every thing that we
 get him to do of his own accord1       
without force1 must be accomplished by  

some means of conveying our ideas  to   
his mind4 ,i say to my horse go 'long   
and he goes2 ho6 and he stops3  because 
these two words1 of which he has learned
 the meaning by the tap  of the whip1   
and the pull of the rein that first     
accompanied them1 convey  the two ideas 
to his mind of go and stop4    ,faucher1
 or no one else1 can ever learn the     
horse a single thing by the  means of a 
scent alone4    ,how long do you suppose
 a horse would have to stand and smell  
of a bottle  of oil before he would     
learn to bend his knee and make a bow at
 your  bidding1 go yonder and bring your
 hat1 or come here and lay down8 ,thus  
you see the absurdity of trying to break
 or tame the horse by the means of      
receipts for articles to smell of1 or   
medicine to give him1 of any kind       
whatever4    ,the only science that has 
ever existed in the world1 relative to  
the  breaking of horses1 that has been  
of any account1 is that true method     
which takes them in their native state1 

and improves their intelligence4        
,,powel',s ,,system ,,of ,,approaching  
,,the ,,colt4    ,but1 before we go     
further1 ,i will give you ,willis ,j4   
,powel's system of  approaching a wild  
colt1 as given by him in a work         
published in ,europe1  about the year   
#ahaa1 on the ,art of taming wild       
horses4 ,he says1 ,a horse  is gentled  
by my secret1 in from two to sixteen    
hours4 ,the time ,i have  most commonly 
employed has been from four to six      
hours4 ,he goes on to say3  ,cause your 
horse to be put in a small yard1 stable1
 or room4 ,if in a  stable or room1 it  
ought to be large in order to give him  
some exercise  with the halter before   
you lead him out4 ,if the horse belong  
to that class  which appears only to    
fear man1 you must introduce yourself   
gently into  the stable1 room1 or yard1 
where the horse is4 ,he will naturally  
run from  you1 and frequently turn his  
head from you2 but you must walk about  
extremely slow and softly1 so that he   

can see you whenever he turns his  head 
towards you1 which he never fails to do 
in a short time1 say in a  quarter of an
 hour4 ,i never knew one to be much     
longer without turning  towards me4     
,at the very moment he turns his head1  
hold out your left hand towards  him1   
and stand perfectly still1 keeping your 
eyes upon the horse1 watching  his      
motions if he makes any4 ,if the horse  
does not stir for ten or fifteen        
minutes1 advance as slowly as possible1 
and without making the least  noise1    
always holding out your left hand1      
without any other ingredient in  it than
 that what nature put in it4 ,he says1  
,i have made use of certain1            
ingredients before people1 such as the  
sweat under my arm1 etc41 to  disguise  
the real secret1 and many believed that 
the docility to which  the horse arrived
 in so short a time1 was owing to these 
ingredients2 but  you see from this     
explanation that they were of no use    
whatever4 ,the  implicit faith placed in

 these ingredients1 though innocent of  
themselves1  becomes 'faith without     
works4' ,and thus men remained always in
 doubt  concerning this secret4 ,if the 
horse makes the least motion when you   
advance toward him1 stop1 and remain    
perfectly still until he is quiet4      
,remain a few moments in this condition1
 and then advance again in the same     
slow and imperceptible manner4 ,take    
notice3 if the horse stirs1 stop        
without changing your position4 ,it is  
very uncommon for the horse to stir     
more than once after you begin to       
advance1 yet there are exceptions4 ,he  
generally keeps his eyes steadfast on   
you1 until you get near enough to  touch
 him on the forehead4 ,when you are thus
 near to him1 raise slowly1  and by     
degrees1 your hand1 and let it come in  
contact with that part just  above the  
nostrils as lightly as possible4 ,if the
 horse flinches1 7as many  will17 repeat
 with great rapidity these light strokes
 upon the forehead1  going a little     

further up towards his ears by degrees1 
and descending with  the same rapidity  
until he will let you handle his        
forehead all over4 ,now  let the strokes
 be repeated with more force over all   
his forehead1  descending by lighter    
strokes to each side of his head1 until 
you can  handle that part with equal    
facility4 ,then touch in the same light 
manner1  making your hands and fingers  
play around the lower part of the       
horse's  ears1 coming down now and then 
to his forehead1 which may be looked    
upon  as the helm that governs all the  
rest4    ,having succeeded in handling  
his ears1 advance towards the neck1 with
 the  same precautions1 and in the same 
manner2 observing always to augment the 
force of the strokes whenever the horse 
will permit it4 ,perform the same  on   
both sides of the neck1 until he lets   
you take it in your arms without        
flinching4    ,proceed in the same      
progressive manner to the sides1 and    
then to the back  of the horse4 ,every  

time the horse shows any nervousness    
return  immediately to the forehead as  
the true standard1 patting him with your
  hands1 and from thence rapidly to     
where you had already arrived1 always   
gaining ground a considerable distance  
farther on every time this happens4     
,the head1 ears1 neck and body being    
thus gentled1 proceed from the back to  
the root of the tail4    ,this must be  
managed with dexterity1 as a horse is   
never to be depended  on that is        
skittish about the tail4 ,let your hand 
fall lightly and rapidly  on that part  
next to the body a minute or two1 and   
then you will begin to  give it a slight
 pull upwards every quarter of a minute4
 ,at the same time  you continue this   
handling of him1 augment the force of   
the strokes1 as  well as the raising of 
the tail1 until you can raise it and    
handle it with  the greatest ease1 which
 commonly happens in a quarter of an    
hour in most  horses2 in others almost  
immediately1 and in some much longer4   

,it now  remains to handle all his legs4
 ,from the tail come back again to the  
head1  handle it well1 as likewise the  
ears1 breast1 neck1 etc41 speaking now  
and  then to the horse4 ,begin by       
degrees to descend to the legs1 always  
ascending and descending1 gaining ground
 every time you descend until you  get  
to his feet4    ,talk to the horse in   
,latin1 ,greek1 ,french1 ,english1 or   
,spanish1 or in any  other language you 
please2 but let him hear the sound of   
your voice1 which  at the beginning of  
the operation is not quite so necessary1
 but which ,i  have always done in      
making him lift up his feet4 ,hold up   
your foot--',live  la pied'--',alza el  
pie'--',aron ton poda1' etc41 at the    
same time lift his  foot with your hand4
 ,he soon becomes familiar with the     
sounds1 and will  hold his foot up at   
command4 ,then proceed to the hind feet 
and go on in  the same manner1 and in a 
short time the horse will let you lift  
them and  even take them up in your     

arms4    ,all this operation is no      
magnetism1 no galvanism2 it is merely   
taking  away the fear a horse generally 
has of a man1 and familiarizing the     
animal  with his master2 as the horse   
doubtless experiences a certain pleasure
  from this handling1 he will soon      
become gentle under it1 and show a very 
marked attachment to his keeper4        
,,remarks ,,on ,,powel',s ,,treatment   
,,how ,,to ,,govern ,,horses ,,of ,,any 
,,kind4    ,these instructions are very 
good1 but not quite sufficient for      
horses of  all kinds1 and for haltering 
and leading the colt2 but ,i have       
inserted it  here1 because it gives some
 of the true philosophy of approaching  
the  horse1 and of establishing         
confidence between man and horse4 ,he   
speaks  only of the kind that fear man4 
,to those who understand the philosophy 
of horsemanship1 these are the  easiest 
trained2 for when we have a horse that  
is wild and lively1 we can  train him to
 our will in a very short time2 for they

 are generally quick  to learn1 and     
always ready to obey4 ,but there is     
another kind that are of  a stubborn or 
vicious disposition1 and1 although they 
are not wild1 and do  not require       
taming1 in the sense it is generally    
understood1 they are just  as ignorant  
as a wild horse1 if not more so1 and    
need to be learned just  as much2 and in
 order to have them obey quickly1 it is 
very necessary that  they should be made
 to fear their masters2 for1 in order to
 obtain perfect  obedience from any     
horse1 we must first have him fear us1  
for our motto is  fear1 love1 and obey2 
and we must have the fulfilment of the  
first two  before we can expect the     
latter1 and it is by our philosophy of  
creating  fear1 love and confidence1    
that we govern to our will every kind of
 a  horse whatever4    ,then1 in order  
to take horses as we find them1 or all  
kinds1 and to train  them to our        
likings1 we will always take with us1   
when we go into a stable  to train a    

colt1 a long switch whip1 7whale-bone   
buggy whips is the best17  with a good  
silk cracker1 so as to cut keen and make
 a sharp report1  which1 if handled with
 dexterity1 and rightly applied1        
accompanied with a  sharp1 fierce word1 
will be sufficient to enliven the       
spirits of any  horse4 ,with this whip  
in your right hand1 with the lash       
pointing backward1  enter the stable    
alone4 ,it is a great disadvantage in   
training a horse1 to  have any one in   
the stable with you2 you should be      
entirely alone1 so as  not to have      
nothing but yourself to attract his     
attention4 ,if he is wild  you will soon
 see him in the opposite side of the    
stable from you2 and now  is the time to
 use a little judgement4 ,i would not   
want for myself1 more  than half or     
three-quarters of an hour to handle any 
kind of a colt1 and  have him running   
about in the stable after me2 though ,i 
would advise a new  beginner to take    
more time1 and not to be in too much of 

a hurry4 ,if you  have but one colt to  
gentle1 and are not particular about the
 length of  time you spend1 and have not
 had any experience in handling colts1  
,i would  advise you to take ,mr4       
,powel's method at first1 till you      
gentle him1 which  he says takes from   
two to six hours4 ,but1 as ,i want to   
accomplish the  same1 and what is much  
more1 learn the horse to lead in less   
than one  hour1 ,i shall give you a much
 quicker process of accomplishing the   
same  end4 ,accordingly1 when you have  
entered the stable1 stand still and let 
your horse look at you a minute or two1 
and as soon as he is settled in  one    
place1 approach him slowly1 with both   
arms stationary1 your right  hanging by 
your side1 holding the whip as directed1
 and the left bent at  the elbow1 with  
your hand projecting4 ,as you approach  
him1 go not too much  towards his head  
or croop1 so as not to make him move    
either forward or  backward1 thus       
keeping your horse stationary1 if he    

does move a little  forward or backward1
 step a little to the right or left very
 cautiously2  this will keep him in one 
place1 as you get very near him1 draw a 
little  to his shoulder1 and stop a few 
seconds4 ,if you are in his reach he    
will  turn his head and smell at your   
hand1 not that he has any preference for
  your hand1 but because that it is     
projecting1 and is the nearest portion  
of your body to the horse4 ,this all    
colts will do1 and they will smell of   
your naked hand just as quick as they   
will of any thing that you can put  in  
it1 and with just as good an effect1    
however much some men have  preached the
 doctrine of taming horses by giving    
them the scent articles  from the hand4 
,i have already proved that to be a     
mistake4 ,as soon as he  touches his    
nose to your hand1 caress him as before 
directed1 always using  a very light1   
soft hand1 merely touching the horse1   
all ways rubbing the  way the hair lays1
 so that your hand will pass along as   

smoothly as  possible4 ,as you stand by 
his side you may find it more convenient
 to rub  his neck or the side of his    
head1 which will answer the same        
purpose1 as  rubbing his forehead4      
,favor every inclination of the horse to
 smell or  touch you with his nose4     
,always follow each touch or            
communication of this  kind with the    
most tender and affectionate caresses1  
accompanied with a  kind look1 and      
pleasant word of some sort1 such as3    
,ho6 my little boy1 ho6  my little boy1 
pretty boy1 nice lady6 or something of  
that kind1  constantly repeating the    
same words1 with the same kind1 steady  
tone of  voice2 for the horse soon      
learns to read the expression of the    
face and  voice1 and will know as well  
when fear1 love or anger1 prevails as   
you  know your own feelings2 two of     
which1 fear and anger1 a good horseman  
should never feel4      ,,how ,,to      
,,proceed ,,if ,,your ,,horse ,,is ,,of 
,a ,,stubborn ,,disposition4    ,if your

 horse1 instead of being wild1 seems to 
be of a stubborn or  mulish disposition2
 if he lays back his ears as you        
approach him1 or  turns his heels to    
kick you1 he has not that regard or fear
 of man that he  should have1 to enable 
you to handle him quickly and easily2   
and it might  be well to give him a few 
sharp cuts with the whip1 about the     
legs1 pretty  close to the body4 ,it    
will crack keen as it plies around his  
legs1 and the  crack of the whip will   
affect him as much as the stroke2       
besides one sharp  cut about his legs   
will affect him more than two or three  
over his back1  the skin on the inner   
part of his legs or about his flank     
being thinner1  more tender than on his 
back4 ,but do not whip him much1 just   
enough to  scare him1 it is not because 
we want to hurt the horse that we whip  
him1  we only do it to scare that bad   
disposition out of him4 ,but whatever   
you  do1 do quickly1 sharply and with a 
good deal of fire1 but always without   

anger4 ,if you are going to scare him at
 all you must do it at once4 ,never  go 
into a pitch battle with your horse1 and
 whip him until he is mad and  will     
fight you2 you had better not touch him 
at all1 for you will  establish1 instead
 of fear and regard1 feelings of        
resentment1 hatred and  ill-will4 ,it   
will do him no good but an injury1 to   
strike a blow1 unless  you can scare    
him2 but if you succeed in scaring him1 
you can whip him  without making him    
mad2 for fear and anger never exist     
together in the  horse1 and as soon as  
one is visible1 you will find that the  
other has  disappeared4 ,as soon as you 
have frightened him so that he will     
stand up  straight and pay some         
attention to you1 approach him again and
 caress him  a good deal more than you  
whipped him1 then you will excite the   
two  controlling passions of his nature1
 love and fear1 and then he will fear   
and love you too1 and as soon as he     
learns what to do will quickly obey4    

,,how ,,to ,,halter ,,and ,,lead ,,the  
,,colt4    ,as soon as you have gentled 
the colt a little1 take the halter in   
your  left hand and approach him as     
before1 and on the same side that you   
have  gentled him4 ,if he is very timid 
about your approaching closely to him1  
you can get up to him quicker by making 
the whip a part of your arm1 and        
reaching out very gently with the but   
end of it1 rubbing him lightly on  the  
neck1 all the time getting a little     
closer1 shortening the whip by  taking  
it up in your hand1 until you finally   
get close enough to put your  hands on  
him4 ,if he is inclined to hold his head
 from you1 put the end of  the halter   
strap around his neck1 drop your whip1  
and draw very gently2 he  will let his  
neck give1 and you can pull his head to 
you4 ,then take hold  of that part of   
the halter1 which buckles over the top  
of his head1 and  pass the long side1 or
 that part which goes into the buckle1  
under his  neck1 grasping it on the     

opposite side with your right hand1     
letting the  first strap loose--the     
latter will be sufficient to hold his   
head to you4  ,lower the halter a       
little1 just enough to get his nose into
 that part  which goes around it1 then  
raise it somewhat1 and fasten the top   
buckle1  and you will have it all right4
 ,the first time you halter a colt you  
should stand on the left side1 pretty   
well back to his shoulder only  taking  
hold of that part of the halter that    
goes around his neck1 then  with your   
hands about his neck you can hold his   
head to you1 and raise the  halter on it
 without making him dodge by putting    
your hands about his  nose4 ,you should 
have a long rope or strap ready1 and as 
soon as you have  the halter on1 attach 
this to it1 so that you can let him walk
 the length  of the stable without      
letting go of the strap1 or without     
making him pull  on the halter1 for if  
you only let him feel the weight of your
 hand on the  halter1 and give him rope 

when he runs from you1 he will never    
rear1 pull1  or throw himself1 yet you  
will be holding him all the time1 and   
doing more  towards gentling him1 than  
if you had the power to snub him right  
up1 and  hold him to one spot2 because1 
he does not know any thing about his    
strength1 and if you don't do any thing 
to make him pull1 he will never  know   
that he can4 ,in a few minutes you can  
begin to control him with the  halter1  
then shorten the distance between       
yourself and the horse1 by  taking up   
the strap in your hand4    ,as soon as  
he will allow you to hold him by a      
tolerably short strap1 and  step up to  
him without flying back1 you can begin  
to give him some idea  about leading4   
,but to do this1 do not go before and   
attempt to pull him  after you1 but     
commence by pulling him very quietly to 
one side4 ,he has  nothing to brace     
either side of his neck1 and will soon  
yield to a steady1  gradual pull of the 
halter2 and as soon as you have pulled  

him a step or  two to one side1 step up 
to him and caress him1 and then pull him
 again1  repeating this operation until 
you can pull him around in every        
direction1  and walk about the stable   
with him1 which you can do in a few     
minutes1 for  he will soon think when   
you have made him step to the right or  
left a few  times1 that he is compelled 
to follow the pull of the halter1 not   
knowing  that he has the power to resist
 your pulling2 besides1 you have handled
  him so gently1 that he is not afraid  
of you1 and you always caress him  when 
he comes up to you1 and he likes that1  
and would just as leave follow  you as  
not4 ,and after he has had a few lessons
 of that kind1 if you turn  him out in a
 lot he will come up to you every       
opportunity he gets4 ,you  should lead  
him about in the stable some time before
 you take him out1  opening the door1 so
 that he can see out1 leading him up to 
it and back  again1 and past it4 ,see   
that there is nothing on the outside to 

make him  jump1 when you take him out1  
and as you go out with him1 try to make 
him  go very slowly1 catching hold of   
the halter close to the jaw1 with your  
left hand1 while the right is resting on
 the top of the neck1 holding to  his   
mane4 ,after you are out with him a     
little while1 you can lead him  about as
 you please4 ,don't let any second      
person come up to you when you  first   
take him out2 a stranger taking hold of 
the halter would frighten  him1 and make
 him run4 ,there should not even be any 
one standing near him  to attract his   
attention1 or scare him4 ,if you are    
alone1 and manage him  right1 it will   
not require any more force to lead or   
hold him than it  would to manage a     
broke horse4      ,,how ,,to ,,lead ,a  
,,colt ,,by ,,the ,,side ,,of ,a        
,,broken ,,horse4    ,if you should want
 to lead your colt by the side of       
another horse1 as is  often the case1 ,i
 would advise you to take your horse    
into the stable1  attach a second strap 

to the colt's halter1 and lead your     
horse up  alongside of him4 ,then get on
 the broke horse and take one strap     
around  his breast1 under his           
martingale1 7if he has any on17 holding 
it in your  left hand4 ,this will       
prevent the colt from getting back too  
far2 besides1  you will have more power 
to hold him1 with the strap pulling     
against the  horse's breast4 ,the other 
strap take up in your right hand to     
prevent him  from running ahead2 then   
turn him about a few times in the       
stable1 and if  the door is wide enough1
 ride out with him in that position2 if 
not1 take  the broke horse out first1   
and stand his breast up against the     
door1 then  lead the colt to the same   
spot1 and take the straps as before     
directed1  one on each side of his neck1
 then let some one start the colt out1  
and as  he comes out1 turn your horse to
 the left1 and you will have them all   
right4 ,this is the best way to lead a  
colt2 you can manage any kind of a  colt

 in this way1 without any trouble2 for1 
if he tries to run ahead1 or  pull back1
 the two straps will bring the horses   
facing each other1 so that  you can     
easily follow up his movements without  
doing much holding1 and as  soon as he  
stops running backward you are right    
with him1 and all ready to  go ahead4   
,and if he gets stubborn and does not   
want to go1 you can remove  all his     
stubbornness by riding your horse       
against his neck1 thus  compelling him  
to turn to the right1 and as soon as you
 have turned him  about a few times1 he 
will be willing to go along4 ,the next  
thing1 after  you are through leading   
him1 will be to take him into a stable1 
and hitch  him in such a way as not to  
have him pull on the halter1 and as they
 are  often troublesome to get into a   
stable the first few times1 ,i will give
  you some instructions about getting   
him in4      ,,how ,,to ,,lead ,a ,,colt
 ,,into ,,the ,,stable ,,and ,,hitch    
,,him ,,without ,,having ,,him ,,pull   

,,on ,,the ,,halter4    ,you should lead
 the broke horse into the stable first1 
and get the colt1  if you can1 to follow
 in after him4 ,if he refuses to go1    
step up to him1  taking a little stick  
or switch in your right hand2 then take 
hold of the  halter close to his head   
with your left hand1 at the same time   
reaching  over his back with your right 
arm so that you can tap him on the      
opposite  side with your switch2 bring  
him up facing the door1 tap him lightly 
with  your switch1 reaching as far back 
with it as you can4 ,this tapping1 by   
being pretty well back1 and on the      
opposite side1 will drive him ahead1    
and keep him close to you1 then by      
giving him the right direction with     
your left hand you can walk into the    
stable with him4 ,i have walked colts   
into the stable this way1 in less than a
 minute1 after men had worked at  them  
half an hour1 trying to pull them in4   
,if you cannot walk him it at  once this
 way1 turn him about and walk him round 

in every direction1 until  you can get  
him up to the door without pulling at   
him4 ,then let him stand  a few minutes1
 keeping his head in the right direction
 with the halter1  and he will walk in1 
in less than ten minutes4 ,never attempt
 to pull the  colt into the stable2 that
 would make him think at once that it   
was a  dangerous place1 and if he was   
not afraid of it before1 he would be    
then4  ,besides we don't want him to    
know anything about pulling on the      
halter4  ,colts are often hurt1 and     
sometimes killed1 by trying to force    
them into  the stable2 and those who    
attempt to do it in that way1 go into an
 up-hill  business1 when a plain smooth 
road is before them4    ,if you want to 
hitch your colt1 put him in a tolerably 
wide stall which  should not be too     
long1 and should be connected by a bar  
or something of  that kind to the       
partition behind it2 so that1 after the 
colt is in he  cannot get far enough    
back to take a straight1 backward pull  

on the  halter2 then by hitching him in 
the center of the stall1 it would be    
impossible for him to pull on the       
halter1 the partition behind preventing 
him from going back1 and the halter in  
the center checking him every time  he  
turns to the left or right4 ,in a state 
of this kind you can break every  horse 
to stand hitched by a light strap1 any  
where1 without his ever  knowing any    
thing about pulling4 ,but if you have   
broke your horse to lead1  and have     
learned him the use of the halter 7which
 you should always do  before you hitch 
him to any thing71 you can hitch him in 
any kind of a  stall1 and give him      
something to eat to keep him up to his  
place for a few  minutes at first and   
there is not one colt in fifty that will
 pull on his  halter4      ,,the ,,kind 
,,of ,,bit ,,and ,,how ,,to ,,accustom  
,a ,,horse ,,to ,,it4    ,you should use
 a large1 smooth1 snaffle bit1 so as not
 to hurt his mouth1  with a bar to each 
side1 to prevent the bit from pulling   

through either  way4 ,this you should   
attach to the head-stall of your bridle 
and put it on  your colt without any    
reins to it1 and let him run loose in a 
large stable  or shed1 some time1 until 
he becomes a little used to the bit1 and
 will  bear it without trying to get it 
out of his mouth4 ,it would be well1 if 
convenient1 to repeat this several times
 before you do anything more with  the  
colt2 as soon as he will bear the bit1  
attach a single rein to it1  without any
 martingale4 ,you should also have a    
halter on your colt1 or a  bridle made  
after the fashion of a halter1 with a   
strap to it1 so that you  can hold or   
lead him about without pulling on the   
bit much4 ,he is now  ready for the     
saddle4      ,,how ,,to ,,saddle ,a     
,,colt4    ,any one man1 who has this   
theory1 can put a saddle on the wildest 
colt  that ever grew1 without any help1 
and without scaring him4 ,the first     
thing  will be to tie each stirrup strap
 into a loose knot to make them short1  

and prevent the stirrups from flying    
about and hitting him4 ,then double up  
the skirts and take the saddle under    
your right arm1 so as not to frighten   
him with it as you approach4 ,when you  
get to him1 rub him gently a few  times 
with your hand1 and then raise the      
saddle very slowly until he can  see it1
 and smell1 and feel it with his nose4  
,then let the skirts loose1  and rub it 
very gently against his neck the way the
 hair lays1 letting him  hear the rattle
 of the skirts as he feels them against 
him2 each time  getting a little farther
 backward1 and finally slip it over his 
shoulders  on his back4 ,shake it a     
little with your hand1 and in less than 
five  minutes you can rattle it about   
over his back as much as you please1 and
  pull it off and throw it on again1    
without his paying much attention to    
it4    ,as soon as you have accustomed  
him to the saddle1 fasten the girth4 ,be
  careful how you do this4 ,it often    
frightens a ,colt when he feels the     

girth  binding him1 and making the      
saddle fit tight on his back4 ,you      
should bring  up the girth very gently1 
and not draw it too tight at first1 just
 enough  to hold the saddle on4 ,move   
him a little1 and then girth it as tight
 as  you choose1 and he will not mind   
it4    ,you should see that the pad of  
your saddle is all right before you put 
it  on1 and that there is nothing to    
make it hurt him1 or feel unpleasant to 
his back4 ,it should not have any loose 
straps on the back part of it to  flap  
about and scare him4 ,after you have    
saddled him in this way1 take a  switch 
in your right hand to tap him up with1  
and walk about in the stable  a few     
times with your right arm over the      
saddle1 taking hold of the reins  on    
each side of his neck1 with your right  
and left hands4 ,thus marching  him     
about in the stable until you learn him 
the use of the bridle1 and can  turn him
 about in any direction1 and stop him by
 a gentle pull of the  rein4 ,always    

caress him1 and loose the reins a little
 every time you stop  him4    ,you      
should always be alone1 and have your   
colt in some tight stable or  shed1 the 
first time you ride him2 the loft should
 be high so that you can  sit on his    
back without endangering your head4 ,you
 can learn him more in  two hours time  
in a stable of this kind1 than you could
 in two weeks in  the common way of     
breaking colts1 out in an open place4   
,it you follow my  course of treatment1 
you need not run any risk1 or have any  
trouble in  riding the worst kind of a  
horse4 ,you take him a step at a time1  
until you  get up a mutual confidence   
and trust between yourself and horse4   
,first  learn him to lead and stand     
hitched1 next acquaint him with the     
saddle1  and the use of the bit2 and    
then all that remains1 is to get on him 
without scaring him1 and you can ride   
him as well as any horse4      ,,how    
,,to ,,mount ,,the ,,colt4    ,first    
gentle him well on both sides1 about the

 saddle1 and all over1  until he will   
stand still without holding1 and is not 
afraid to see you  any where about him4 
,as soon as you have him thus gentled1  
get a small block1 about one foot or    
eighteen inches in height1 and set it   
down by the side of him1 about where    
you want to stand to mount him2 step up 
on this1 raising yourself very  gently2 
horses notice every change of position  
very closely1 and if you  were to step  
up suddenly on the block1 it would be   
very apt to scare him2  but by raising  
yourself gradually on it1 he will see   
you1 without being  frightened1 in a    
position very near the same as when you 
are on his back4    ,as soon as he will 
bear this without alarm1 untie the      
stirrup strap next  to you1 and put your
 left foot into the stirrup1 and stand  
square over it1  holding your knee      
against the horse1 and your toe out1 so 
as to touch him  under the shoulder with
 the toe of your boot4 ,place your right
 hand on the  front of the saddle and on

 the opposite side of you4 ,taking hold 
of a  portion of the mane and the reins 
as they hang loosely over his neck with 
your left hand2 then gradually bear your
 weight on the stirrup1 and on  your    
right hand1 until the horse feels your  
whole weight on the saddle2  repeat this
 several times1 each time raising       
yourself a little higher from  the      
block1 until he will allow you to raise 
your leg over his croop1 and  place     
yourself in the saddle4    ,there are   
three great advantages in having a block
 to mount from4 ,first1 a  sudden change
 of position is very apt to frighten a  
young horse that has  never been        
handled2 he will allow you to walk up to
 him1 and stand by his  side without    
scaring at you1 because you have gentled
 him to that  position1 but if you get  
down on your hands and knees and crawl  
towards  him1 he will be very much      
frightened1 and upon the same principle1
 he  would frighten at your new position
 if you had the power to hold yourself  

over his back without touching him4     
,then the first great advantage of the  
block is to gradually gentle him to that
 new position in which he will see  you 
when you ride him4    ,secondly1 by the 
process of leaning your weight in the   
stirrups1 and on  your hand1 you can    
gradually accustom him to your weight1  
so as not to  frighten him by having him
 feel it all at once4 ,and in the third 
place the  block elevates you so that   
you will not have to make a spring in   
order to  get on to the horse's back1   
but from it you can gradually raise     
yourself  into the saddle4 ,when you    
take these precautions1 there is no     
horse so  wild1 but what you can mount  
him without making him jump4 ,i have    
tried it  on the worst horses that could
 be found1 and have never failed in any 
case4 ,when mounting1 your horse should 
always stand without being held4 ,a     
horse is never well broke when he has to
 be held with a tight rein while        
mounting2 and a colt is never so safe to

 mount1 as when you see that  assurance 
of confidence1 and absence of fear1     
which causes him to stand  without      
holding4      ,,how ,,to ,,ride ,,the   
,,colt4    ,when you want him to start  
do not touch him on the side with your  
heel or  do anything to frighten him and
 make him jump4 ,but speak to him       
kindly1  and if he does not start pull  
him a little to the left until he       
starts1  and then let him walk off      
slowly with the reins loose4 ,walk him  
around in  the stable a few times until 
he gets used to the bit1 and you can    
turn him  about in every direction and  
stop him as you please4 ,it would be    
well to  get on and off a good many     
times until he gets perfectly used to it
 before  you take him out of the stable4
    ,after you have trained him in this 
way1 which should not take you more     
than one or two hours1 you can ride him 
any where you choose without ever       
having him jump or make any effort to   
throw you4    ,when you first take him  

out of the stable be very gentle with   
him1 as he  will feel a little more at  
liberty to jump or run1 and be a little 
easier  frightened than he was while in 
the stable4 ,but after handling him so  
much  in the stable he will be pretty   
well broke1 and you will be able to     
manage  him without trouble or danger4  
,when you first mount him take a little 
the shortest hold on the left rein1  so 
that if any thing frightens him you can 
prevent him jumping by pulling  his head
 around to you4 ,this operation of      
pulling a horse's head around  against  
his side will prevent any horse from    
jumping ahead1 rearing up1 or  running  
away4 ,if he is stubborn and will not go
 you can make him move by  pulling his  
head around to one side1 when whipping  
would have no effect4  ,and turning him 
around a few times will make him dizzy1 
and then by  letting him have his head  
straight1 and giving him a little touch 
with the  whip1 he will go along without
 any trouble4    ,never use martingales 

on a colt when you first ride him2 every
 movement of  the hand should go right  
to the bit in the direction in which it 
is  applied to the reins1 without a     
martingale to change the direct of the  
force applied4 ,you can guide the colt  
much better without them1 and learn  him
 the use of the bit in much less time4  
,besides1 martingales would  prevent you
 from pulling his head around if he     
should try to jump4    ,after your colt 
has been rode until he is gentle and    
well accustomed to  the bit1 you may    
find it an advantage if he carries his  
head too high1 or  his nose too far out1
 to put martingales on him4    ,you     
should be careful not to ride your colt 
so far at first as to heat1  worry or   
tire him4 ,get off as soon as you see he
 is a little fatigued2  gentle him and  
let him rest1 this will make him kind to
 you and prevent  him from getting      
stubborn or mad4      ,,the ,,proper    
,,way ,,to ,,bit ,a ,,colt4    ,farmers 
often put bitting harness on a colt the 

first thing they do to  him1 buckling up
 the bitting as tight as they can draw  
it to make him  carry his head high1 and
 then turn him out in a lot to run a    
half day at a  time4 ,this is one of the
 worst punishments that they could      
inflict on the  colt1 and very injurious
 to a young horse that has been used to 
running in  pasture with his head down4 
,i have seen colts so injured in this   
way that  they never got over it4    ,a 
horse should be well accustomed to the  
bit before you put on the bitting       
harness1 and when you first bit him you 
should only rein his head up to  that   
point where he naturally holds it1 let  
that be high or low2 he will  soon learn
 that he cannot lower his head1 and that
 raising it a little  will loosen the   
bit in his mouth4 ,this will give him   
the idea of raising  his head to loosen 
the bit1 and then you can draw the      
bitting a little  tighter every time you
 put it on1 and he will still raise his 
head to  loosen it2 by this means you   

will gradually get his head and neck in 
the  position you want him to carry it1 
and give him a nice and graceful        
carriage without hurting him1 making him
 mad1 or causing his mouth to get  sore4
    ,if you put the bitting on very     
tight the first time1 he cannot raise   
his  head enough to loosen it1 but will 
bear on it all the time1 and paw1 sweat 
and throw himself4 ,many horses have    
been killed by falling backward with    
the bitting on1 their heads being drawn 
up1 strike the ground with the  whole   
weight of the body4 ,horses that have   
their heads drawn up tightly  should not
 have the bitting on more than fifteen  
or twenty minutes at a  time4      ,,how
 ,,to ,,drive ,a ,,horse ,,that ,,is    
,,very ,,wild1 ,,and ,,has ,,any        
,,vicious ,,habit    ,take up one fore  
foot and bend his knee till his hoof is 
bottom upwards1  and merely touching his
 body1 then slip a loop over his knee1  
and up until  it comes above the pasture
 joint to keep it up1 being careful to  

draw the  loop together between the hoof
 and pasture joint with a second strap  
of  some kind1 to prevent the loop from 
slipping down and coming off4 ,this     
will leave the horse standing on three  
legs2 you can now handle him as you     
wish1 for it is utterly impossible for  
him to kick in this position4  ,there is
 something in this operation of taking  
up one foot that conquers a  horse      
quicker and better than any thing else  
you can do to him4 ,there is  no process
 in the world equal to it to break a    
kicking horse1 for several  reasons4    
,first1 there is a principle of this    
kind in the nature of the  horse2 that  
by conquering one member you conquer to 
a great extent the  whole horse4    ,you
 have perhaps seen men operate upon this
 principle by sewing a horse's  ears    
together to prevent him from kicking4 ,i
 once saw a plan given in a  newspaper  
to make a bad horse stand to be shod1   
which was to fasten down  one ear4      
,there were no reasons given why you    

should do so2 but ,i tried it  several  
times1 and thought it had a good        
effect--though ,i would not  recommend  
its use1 especially stitching his ears  
together4 ,the only  benefit arising    
from this process is1 that by           
disarranging his ears we  draw his      
attention to them1 and he is not so apt 
to resist the shoeing4 ,by  tying up one
 foot we operate on the same principle  
to a much better  effect4 ,when you     
first fasten up a horse's foot he will  
sometimes get very  mad1 and strike with
 his knee1 and try every possible way to
 get it down2  but he cannot do that1   
and will soon give it up4    ,this will 
conquer him better than anything you    
could do1 and without any  possible     
danger of hurting himself or you either1
 for you can tie up his  foot and sit   
down and look at him until he gives up4 
,when you find that he  is conquered1 go
 to him1 let down his foot1 rub his leg 
with your hand1  caress him and let him 
rest a little1 then put it up again4    

,repeat this a  few times1 always       
putting up the same foot1 and he will   
soon learn to  travel on three legs so  
that you can drive him some distance4   
,as soon as  he gets a little used to   
this way of traveling1 put on your      
harness and  hitch him to a sulky4 ,if  
he is the worst kicking horse that ever 
raised a  foot you need not be fearful  
of his doing any damage while he has one
 foot  up1 for he cannot kick1 neither  
can he run fast enough to do any harm4  
,and  if he is the wildest horse that   
ever had harness on1 and has run away   
every time he has been hitched1 you can 
now hitch him in a sulky and drive  him 
as you please4 ,and if he wants to run  
you can let him have the lines1  and the
 whip too1 with perfect safety1 for he  
cannot go but a slow gait on  three     
legs1 and will soon be tired and willing
 to stop2 only hold him  enough to guide
 him in the right direction1 and he will
 soon be tired and  willing to stop at  
the word4 ,thus you will effectually    

cure him at once of  any further notion 
of running off4 ,kicking horses have    
always been the  dread of every body2   
you always hear men say1 when they speak
 about a bad  horse1 ,i don't care what 
he does1 so he don't kick4 ,this new    
method is  an effectual cure for this   
worst of all habits4 ,there are plenty  
of ways  by which you can hitch a       
kicking horse and force him to go1      
though he  kicks all the time2 but this 
don't have any good effect towards      
breaking  him1 for we know that horses  
kick because they are afraid of what is 
behind them1 and when they kick against 
it and it hurts them they will  only    
kick the harder1 and this will hurt them
 still more and make them  remember the 
scrape much longer1 and make it still   
more difficult to  persuade them to have
 any confidence in any thing dragging   
behind them  ever after4    ,but by this
 new method you can hitch them to a     
rattling sulky1 plow1  wagon1 or        
anything else in its worst shape4 ,they 

may be frightened at  first1 but cannot 
kick or do any thing to hurt themselves1
 and will soon  find that you do not    
intend to hurt them1 and then they will 
not care any  thing more about it4 ,you 
can then let down the leg and drive     
along gently  without any farther       
trouble4 ,by this new process a bad     
kicking horse can  be learned to go     
gentle in harness in a few hours' time4 
,,on ,,balking4    ,horses know nothing 
about balking1 only as they are brought 
into it by  improper management1 and    
when a horse balks in harness it is     
generally  from some mismanagement1     
excitement1 confusion1 or from not      
knowing how to  pull1 but seldom from   
any unwillingness to perform all that he
  understands4 ,high spirited1 free     
going horses are the most subject to    
balking1 and only so because drivers do 
not properly understand how to  manage  
this kind4 ,a free horse in a team may  
be so anxious to go that when  he hears 
the word he will start with a jump1     

which will not move the load1  but give 
him such a severe jerk on the shoulders 
that he will fly back and  stop the     
other horse2 the teamster will continue 
his driving without any  cessation1 and 
by the time he has the slow horse       
started again he will  find that the    
free horse has made another jump1 and   
again flew back1 and  now he has them   
both badly balked1 and so confused that 
neither of them  knows what is the      
matter1 or how to start the load4 ,next 
will come the  slashing and cracking of 
the whip1 and hallooing of the driver1  
till  something is broken or he is      
through with his course of treatment4   
,but  what a mistake the driver commits 
by whipping his horse for this act4     
,reason and common sense should teach   
him that the horse was willing and      
anxious to go1 but did not know how to  
start the load4 ,and should he whip  him
 for that8 ,if so1 he should whip him   
again for not knowing how to talk4  ,a  
man that wants to act with any          

rationality or reason should not fly    
into  a passion1 but should always think
 before he strikes4 ,it takes a steady  
pressure against the collar to move a   
load1 and you cannot expect him to  act 
with a steady1 determined purpose while 
you are whipping him4 ,there is  hardly 
one balking horse in five hundred that  
will pull true from  whipping2 it is    
only adding fuel to fire1 and will make 
them more liable  to balk another time4 
,you always see horses that have been   
balked a few  times1 turn their heads   
and look back1 as soon as they are a    
little  frustrated4 ,this is because    
they have been whipped and are afraid of
 what  is behind them4 ,this is an      
invariable rule with balked horses1 just
 as  much as it is for them to look     
around at their sides when they have the
  bots2 in either case they are         
deserving of the same sympathy and the  
same  kind1 rational treatment4    ,when
 your horse balks1 or is a little       
excited1 if he wants to start  quickly1 

or looks around and don't want to go1   
there is something wrong1  and needs    
kind he treatment immediately4 ,caress  
him kindly1 and if he  don't understand 
at once what you want him to do he will 
not be so much  excited as to jump and  
break things1 and do everything wrong   
through fear4  ,as long as you are calm 
and can keep down the excitement of the 
horse1  there are ten chances to have   
him understand you1 where there would   
not be  one under harsh treatment1 and  
then the little flare up would not carry
  with it any unfavorable recollections1
 and he would soon forget all about  it1
 and learn to pull true4 ,almost every  
wrong act the horse commits is  from    
mismanagement1 fear or excitement2 one  
harsh word will so excite a  nervous    
horse as to increase his pulse ten beats
 in a minute4    ,when we remember that 
we are dealing with dumb brutes1 and    
reflect how  difficult it must be for   
them to understand our motions1 signs   
and  language1 we should never get out  

of patience with them because they don't
  understand us1 or wonder at their     
doing things wrong4 ,with all our       
intellect1 if we were placed in the     
horse's situation1 it would be          
difficult for us to understand the      
driving of some foreigner1 of foreign   
ways and foreign language4 ,we should   
always recollect that our ways and      
language are just as foreign and unknown
 to the horse as any language in  the   
world is to us1 and should try to       
practice what we could understand1  were
 we the horse1 endeavoring by some      
simple means to work on his             
understanding rather than on the        
different parts of his body4 ,all balked
  horses can be started true and steady 
in a few minutes time2 they are all     
willing to pull as soon as they know    
how1 and ,i never yet found a balked    
horse that ,i could not teach him to    
start his load in fifteen1 and often    
less than three minutes time4    ,almost
 any team1 when first balked1 will start

 kindly1 if you let them  stand five or 
ten minutes1 as though there was nothing
 wrong1 and then  speak to them with a  
steady voice1 and turn them a little to 
the right or  left1 so as to get them   
both in motion before they feel the     
pinch of the  load4 ,but if you want to 
start a team that you are not driving   
yourself1  that has been balked1 fooled 
and whipped for some time1 go to them   
and  hang the lines on their hames1 or  
fasten them to the wagon1 so that they  
will be perfectly loose2 make the driver
 and spectators 7if there is any7  stand
 off some distance to one side1 so as   
not to attract the attention of  the    
horses2 unloose their checkreins1 so    
that they can get their heads  down1 if 
they choose2 let them stand a few       
minutes in this condition1  until you   
can see that they are a little composed4
 ,while they are standing  you should be
 about their heads1 gentling them2 it   
will make them a little  more kind1 and 
the spectators will think that you are  

doing something that  they do not       
understand1 and will not learn the      
secret4 ,when you have them  ready to   
start1 stand before them1 and as you    
seldom have but one balky  horse in a   
team1 get as near in front of him as you
 can1 and if he is too  fast for the    
other horse1 let his nose come against  
your breast2 this will  keep him steady1
 for he will go slow rather than run on 
you2 turn them  gently to the right1    
without letting them pull on the traces1
 as far as  the tongue will let them go2
 stop them with a kind word1 gentle them
 a  little1 and then turn them back to  
the left1 by the same process4 ,you will
  have them under your control by this  
time1 and as you turn them again to  the
 right1 steady them in the collar1 and  
you can take them where you  please4    
,there is a quicker process that will   
generally start a balky horse1 but  not 
so sure4 ,stand him a little ahead1 so  
that his shoulders will be  against the 
collar1 and then take up one of his fore

 feet in your hand1  and let the driver 
start them1 and when the weight comes   
against his  shoulders1 he will try to  
step2 then let him have his foot1 and he
 will go  right along4 ,if you want to  
break a horse from balking that has long
 been  in that habit1 you ought to set  
apart a half day for that purpose4 ,put 
him  by the side of some steady horse2  
have check lines on them2 tie up all the
  traces and straps1 so that there will 
be nothing to excite them2 do not  rein 
them up1 but let them have their heads  
loose4 ,walk them about  together for   
some time as slowly and lazily as       
possible2 stop often1 and  go up to your
 balky horse and gentle him4 ,do not    
take any whip about him1  or do any     
thing to excite him1 but keep him just  
as quiet as you can4 ,he  will soon     
learn to start off at the word1 and stop
 whenever you tell him4    ,as soon as  
he performs right1 hitch him in an empty
 wagon2 have it stand  in a favorable   
position for starting4 ,it would be well

 to shorten the stay  chain behind the  
steady horse1 so that if it is necessary
 he can take the  weight of the wagon   
the first time you start them4 ,do not  
drive but a few  rods at first2 watch   
your balky horse closely1 and if you see
 that he is  getting balky1 stop him    
before he stops of his own accord1      
caress him a  little1 and start again4  
,as soon as they go well1 drive them    
over a small  hill a few times1 and then
 over a large one1 occasionally adding a
 little  load4 ,this process will make  
any horse true to pull4      ,,to       
,,break ,a ,,horse ,,to ,,harness4      
,take him in a tight stable1 as you did 
to ride him2 take the harness and  go   
through the same process that you did   
with the saddle1 until you get  him     
familiar with them1 so that you can put 
them on him and rattle them  about      
without his caring for them4 ,as soon as
 he will bear this1 put on  the lines1  
caress him as you draw them over him1   
and drive him about in  the stable till 

he will bear them over his hips4 ,the   
lines are a great  aggravation to some  
colts1 and often frighten them as much  
as if you were  to raise a whip over    
them4 ,as soon as he is familiar with   
the harness and  line1 take him out and 
put him by the side of a gentle horse1  
and go  through the same process that   
you did with the balking horse4 ,always 
use a  bridle without blinds when you   
are breaking a horse to harness4        
,,how ,,to ,,hitch ,a ,,horse ,,in ,a   
,,sulky4    ,lead him to and around it2 
let him look at it1 touch it with his   
nose1 and  stand by it till he does not 
care for it2 then pull the shafts a     
little to  the left1 and stand by your  
horse in front of the off wheel4 ,let   
some one  stand on the right side of the
 horse1 and hold him by the bit1 while  
you  stand on the left side1 facing the 
sulky4 ,this will keep him straight4    
,run  your left hand back and let it    
rest on his hip1 and lay hold of the    
shafts  with your right1 bringing them  

up very gently to the left hand1 which  
still remains stationary4 ,do not let   
anything but your arm touch his back1   
and as soon as you have the shafts      
square over him1 let the person on the  
opposite side take hold of one of them  
and lower them very gently on the  shaft
 bearers4 ,be very slow and deliberate  
about hitching2 the longer time  you    
take1 the better1 as a general thing4   
,when you have the shafts placed1  shake
 them slightly1 so that he will feel    
them against each side4 ,as soon  as he 
will bear them without scaring1 fasten  
your braces1 etc41 and start  him along 
very slowly4 ,let one man lead the horse
 to keep him gentle1  while the other   
gradually works back with the lines till
 he can get behind  and drive him4      
,after you have driven him in this way a
 short distance1 you  can get into the  
sulky1 and all will go right4 ,it is    
very important to  have your horse go   
gently1 when you first hitch him4 ,after
 you have walked  him awhile1 there is  

not half so much danger of his scaring4 
,men do very  wrong to jump up behind a 
horse to drive him as soon as they have 
him  hitched4 ,there are too many things
 for him to comprehend all at once4 ,the
  shafts1 the lines1 the harness1 and   
the rattling of the sulky1 all tend to  
scare him1 and he must be made familiar 
with them by degrees4 ,if your  horse is
 very wild1 ,i would advise you to put  
up one foot the first time  you drive   
him4      ,,how ,,to ,,make ,a ,,horse  
,,lie ,,down4    ,every thing that we   
want to learn the horse must be         
commenced in some way  to give him an   
idea of what you want him to do1 and    
then be repeated till  he learns it     
perfectly4 ,to make a horse lie down1   
bend his left fore leg1  and slip a loop
 over it1 so that he cannot get it down4
 ,then put a  circingle around his body1
 and fasten one end of a long strap     
around the  other fore leg1 just above  
the hoof4 ,place the other end under the
  circingle1 so as to keep the strap in 

the right hand2 stand on the left  side 
of the horse1 grasp the bit in your left
 hand1 pull steadily on the  strap with 
your right2 bear against his shoulder   
till you cause him to  move4 ,as soon as
 he lifts his weight1 your pulling will 
raise the other  foot1 and he will have 
to come on his knees4 ,keep the strap   
tight in your  hand1 so that he cannot  
straighten his leg if he raises up4     
,hold him in  his position1 and turn his
 head toward you2 bear against his side 
with  your shoulder1 not hard1 but with 
a steady equal pressure1 and in about   
ten minutes he will lie down4 ,as soon  
as he lies down he will be  completely  
conquered1 and you can handle him as you
 please4 ,take off the  straps1 and     
straighten out his legs2 rub him lightly
 about the face and  neck with your hand
 the way the hair lays2 handle all his  
legs1 and after  he has lain ten or     
twenty minutes1 let him get up again4   
,after resting him  a short time1 make  
him lie down as before4 ,repeat the     

operation three or  four times1 which   
will be sufficient for one lesson4 ,give
 him two lessons  a day1 and when you   
have given him four lessons1 he will lie
 down by  taking hold of one foot4 ,as  
soon as he is well broken to lie down in
 this  way1 tap him on the opposite leg 
with a stick when you take hold of his  
foot1 and in a few days he will lie down
 from the mere motion of the  stick4    
,,how ,,to ,,make ,a ,,horse ,,follow   
,,you4    ,turn him into a large stable 
or shed1 where there is no chance to get
 out1  with a halter or bridle on4 ,go  
to him and gentle him a little1 take    
hold  of his halter and turn him towards
 you1 at the same time touching him     
lightly over the hips with a long whip4 
,lead him the length of the stable1     
rubbing him on the neck1 saying in a    
steady tone of voice as you lead him1   
,,come ,,along ,,boy6 or use his name   
instead of boy1 if you choose4 ,every   
time  you turn1 touch him slightly with 
the whip1 to make him step up close to  

you1 and then caress him with your hand4
 ,he will soon learn to hurry up to     
escape the whip and be caressed1 and you
 can make him follow you around  without
 taking hold of the halter4 ,if he      
should stop and turn from you1  give him
 a few cuts about the hind legs1 and he 
will soon turn his head  toward you1    
when you must always caress him4 ,a few 
lessons of this kind  will make him run 
after you1 when he sees the motion of   
the whip--in  twenty or thirty minutes  
he will follow you about the stable4    
,after you  have given him two or three 
lessons in the stable1 take him out into
 a  small lot and train him2 and from   
thence you can take him into the road   
and make him follow you anywhere1 and   
run after you4      ,,how ,,to ,,make ,a
 ,,horse ,,stand ,,without ,,holding4   
,after you have him well broken to      
follow you1 stand him in the center of  
the stable--begin at his head to caress 
him1 gradually working backward4  ,if he
 move1 give him a cut with the whip and 

put him back in the same spot  from     
which he started4 ,if he stands1 caress 
him as before1 and continue  gentling   
him in this way until you can get round 
him without making him  move4 ,keep     
walking around him1 increasing your     
pace1 and only touch him  occasionally4 
,enlarge your circle as you walk around 
and if he then moves1  give him another 
cut with the whip and put him back to   
his place4 ,if he  stands1 go to him    
frequently and caress him1 and then walk
 around him  again4 ,do not keep him in 
one position too long at a time1 but    
make him  come to you occasionally and  
follow you round in the stable4 ,then   
stand  him in another place1 and proceed
 as before4 ,you should not train your  
horse more than half an hour at a time4 
,,the ,,horseman',s ,,guide    ,,and    
,,farrier4      ,,by ,,john ,j4         
,,stutzman1 ,,west ,,rushville1         
,,fairfield ,,county1 ,,ohio4      ,i   
will here insert some of the most       
efficient cures of diseases to which    

the horse is subject4 ,i have practised 
them for many years with  unparalleled  
success4 ,i have cured horses with the  
following remedies1  which1 7in many    
cases17 have been given up in despair1  
and ,i never had a  case in which ,i did
 not effect a cure4      ,,cure ,,for   
,,colic4    ,take #a gill of turpentine1
 #a gill of opium dissolved in whisky2  
#a quart of  water1 milk warm4 ,drench  
the horse and move him about slowly4 ,if
 there is  no relief in fifteen minutes1
 take a piece of chalk1 about the size  
of an  egg1 powder it1 and put it into a
 pint of cider vinegar1 which should be 
blood warm1 give that1 and then move him
 as before4    ,,another4--,take #a     
ounce laudanum1 #a ounce of ether1 #a   
ounce of tincture of  assafoetida1 #b   
ounces tincture of peppermint1 half pint
 of whisky2 put all  in a quart bottle1 
shake it well and drench the horse4     
,,cure ,,for ,,the ,,bots4    ,take     
#a-a_/b pint of fresh milk1 7just from  
the cow17 #a pint of molasses4  ,drench 

the horse and bleed him in the mouth2   
then give him #a pint of  linseed oil to
 remove them4      ,,for ,,distemper4   
,take mustard seed ground fine1 tar and 
rye chop1 make pills about the size  of 
a hen's egg4 ,give him six pills every  
six hours1 until they physic him2  then 
give him one table spoonful of the horse
 powder mentioned before1  once a day1  
until cured4 ,keep him from cold water  
for six hours after  using the powder4  
,,long ,,fever4    ,in the first place  
bleed the horse severely4 ,give him     
spirits of nitre1  in water which should
 not be too cold1 for it would chill    
him4 ,keep him  well covered with       
blankets1 and rub his legs and body     
well2 blister him  around the chest with
 mustard seed1 and be sure to give him  
no cold water1  unless there is spirits 
of nitre in it4      ,,rheumatic        
,,liniment4    ,take croton oil1 aqua   
ammonia1 f4f4f2 oil of cajuput1 oil of  
origanum1 in  equal parts4 ,rub well4   
,it is good for spinal diseases and weak

 back4      ,,cuts ,,and ,,wounds ,,of  
,,all ,,kinds4    ,one pint of alcohol1 
half ounce of gum of myrrh1 half ounce  
aloes1 wash  once a day4      ,,sprains 
,,and ,,swellings4    ,take #a-a_/b     
ounces of harts-horn1 #a ounce camphor1 
#b ounces spirits of  turpentine1 #d    
ounces sweet oil1 #h ounces alcohol4    
,anoint twice a day4      ,,for         
,,glanders4    ,take of burnt buck's    
horn a table spoonful1 every three days 
for nine  days4 ,if there is no relief  
in that time1 continue the powder until 
there  is relief4      ,,saddle ,,or    
,,collar ,,liniment4    ,one ounce of   
spirits of turpentine1 half ounce of oil
 of spike1 half ounce  essence of       
wormwood1 half ounce castile soap1 half 
ounce gum camphor1 half  ounce sulphuric
 ether1 half pint alcohol1 and wash     
freely4      ,,liniment ,,to ,,set ,,the
 ,,stifle ,,joint ,,on ,a ,,horse4      
,one ounce oil of spike1 half ounce     
origanum1 half ounce oil amber4 ,shake  
it well and rub the joints twice a day  

until cured1 which will be in two  or   
three days4      ,,eye ,,water4    ,i   
have tried the following and found it an
 efficient remedy4 ,i have tried  it on 
my own eyes and those of others4 ,take  
bolus muna #a ounce1 white  vitrol #a   
ounce1 alum half ounce1 with one pint   
clear rain water3 shake it  well before 
using4 ,if too strong1 weaken it with   
rain water4      ,,liniment ,,for       
,,windgalls1 ,,strains ,,and ,,growth   
,,of ,,lumps ,,on ,,man ,,or ,,horse4   
,one ounce oil of spike1 half ounce     
origanum1 half ounce amber1 aqua fortis 
and sal amoniac #a drachm1 spirits of   
salts #a drachm oil of sassafras half   
ounce1 harts-horn half ounce4 ,bathe    
once or twice a day4      ,,horse       
,,powder4    ,this powder will cure more
 diseases than any other medicine known2
 such as  ,distemper1 ,fersey1          
,hidebound1 ,colds1 and all lingering   
diseases which may  arise from impurity 
of the blood or lungs4--,take #a lb4    
comfrey root1 half  lb4 antimony1 half  

lb4 sulphur1 #c oz4 of saltpetre1 half  
lb4 laurel  berries1 half lb4 juniper   
berries1 half lb4 angetice seed1 half   
lb4 rosin1  #c oz4 alum1 half lb4       
copperas1 half lb4 master wort1 half lb4
 gun powder4  ,mix all to a powder and  
give in the most cases1 one table       
spoonful in mash  feed once a day till  
cured4 ,keep the horse dry1 and keep him
 from the cold  water six hours after   
using it4      ,,for ,,cuts ,,or        
,,wounds ,,on ,,horse ,,or ,,man4       
,take fishworms mashed up with old bacon
 oil1 and tie on the wound1 which  is   
the surest and safest cure4      ,,oil  
,,for ,,collars4    ,this oil will also 
cure bruises1 sores1 swellings1 strains 
or galls4 ,take  fishworms and put them 
in a crock or other vessel #bd hours1   
till they  become clean2 then put them  
in a bottle and throw plenty of salt    
upon  them1 place them near a stove and 
they will turn to oil2 rub the parts    
affected freely4 ,i have cured          
knee-sprung horses with this oil        

frequently4      ,,sore ,,and ,,scummed 
,,eyes ,,on ,,horses4    ,take fresh    
butter or rabbit's fat1 honey1 and the  
white of three eggs1  well stirred up   
with salt1 and black pepper ground to a 
fine powder2 mix  it well and apply to  
the eye with a feather4 ,also rub above 
the eye 7in  the hollow17 with the      
salve4 ,wash freely with cold spring    
water4      ,,for ,a ,,bruised ,,eye4   
,take rabbit's fat1 and use as above    
directed4 ,bathe freely with fresh      
spring water4 ,i have cured many        
bloodshot eyes with this simple remedy4 
,,poll-,,evil ,,or ,,fistula4    ,take  
of ,spanish flies #a oz41 gum euphorbium
 #c drachms1 tartar emetic #a  oz41     
rosin #c oz42 mix and pulverize1 and    
then mix them with a half lb4 of  lard4 
,anoint every three days for three      
weeks2 grease the parts affected  with  
lard every four days4 ,wash with soap   
and water before using the  salve4 ,in  
poll-evil1 if open1 pulverize black     
bottle glass1 put as much in  each ear  

as will lay on a dime4 ,the above is    
recommended in outside  callous1 such as
 spavin1 ringbone1 curbs1 windgalls1    
etc4 etc4      ,,for ,,the ,,fersey4    
,take #a quart of sassafras root bark1  
#a quart burdock root1 spice wood  broke
 fine1 #a pint rattle weed root4 ,boil  
in #a-a_/b gallons of water2 scald      
bran2 when cool give it to the horse    
once a day for #c or #d days4 ,then     
bleed him in the neck and give him the  
horse powder as directed4 ,in  extreme  
cases1 ,i also rowel in the breast and  
hind legs1 to extract the  corruption   
and remove the swelling4 ,this is also  
an efficient remedy for  blood diseases1
 etc41 etc4      ,,to ,,make ,,the      
,,hair ,,grow ,,on ,,man ,,or ,,beast4  
,take milk of sulphur #a_/b drachm1     
sugar of lead #a_/b drachm1 rose water  
#a_/b  gill1 mix and bathe well twice a 
day for ten days4      ,,cholera ,,or   
,,diarrhea ,,tincture4    #a oz4 of     
laudanum1 #a oz4 of spirits of camphor1 
#a oz4 spirits of nitre1  #a_/b oz4     

essence of peppermint1 #bj drops of     
chloroform2 put all in a  bottle1 shake 
well1 and take #a_/b teaspoonful in cold
 water once every six1  twelve and      
twenty-four hours1 according to the     
nature of the case4      ,,cure ,,for   
,,the ,,heaves4    ,give #cj grains of  
tartar emetic every week until cured4   
,,process ,,of ,,causing ,a ,,horse ,,to
 ,,lay ,,down4    ,approach him gently  
upon the left side1 fasten a strap      
around the ancle of  his fore-foot2 then
 raise the foot gently1 so as to bring  
the knee against  the breast and the    
foot against the belly4 ,the leg being  
in this position1  fasten the strap     
around his arm1 which will effectually  
prevent him from  putting that foot to  
the ground again4 ,then fasten a strap  
around the  opposite leg1 and bring it  
over his shoulder1 on the left side1 so 
that  you can catch hold of it2 then    
push these gently1 and when he goes to  
fall1 pull the strap1 which will bring  
him on his knees4    ,now commence      

patting him under the belly2 by         
continuing your gentle  strokes upon the
 belly1 you will1 in a few minutes1     
bring him to his knees  behind4         
,continue the process1 and he will lie  
entirely down1 and submit  himself      
wholly to your treatment4 ,by thus      
proceeding gently1 you may  handle his  
feet and legs in any way you choose4    
,however wild and fractious a horse may 
be naturally1 after practicing this     
process a few times1 you will find him  
perfectly gentle and submissive1  and   
even disposed to follow you anywhere1   
and unwilling to leave you on  any      
occasion4    ,unless the horse be wild1 
the first treatment will be all         
sufficient2 but  should he be too       
fractious to be approached in a manner  
necessary to  perform the first named   
operation1 this you will find effectual1
 and you  may then train your horse to  
harness or anything else with the utmost
  ease4    ,in breaking horses for      
harness1 after giving the powders1 put  

the harness  on gently1 without         
startling him1 and pat him gently1 then 
fasten the  chain to a log1 which he    
will draw for an indefinite length of   
time4 ,when  you find him sufficiently  
gentle1 place him to a wagon or other   
vehicle4    ,,note4--,be extremely      
careful in catching a horse1 not to     
affright him4  ,after he is caught1 and 
the powders given1 rub him gently on the
 head1  neck1 back and legs1 and on each
 side of the eyes1 the way the hair     
lies1  but be very careful not to whip1 
for a young horse is equally passionate 
with yourself1 and this pernicious      
practice has ruined many fine and       
valuable horses4 ,when you are riding a 
colt 7or even an old horse71 do not     
whip him if he scares1 but draw the     
bridle1 so that his eye may rest upon   
the object which has affrighted him1 and
 pat him upon the neck as you  approach 
it2 by this means you will pacify him1  
and render him less liable  to start in 
future4      ,,means ,,of ,,learning ,a 

,,horse ,,to ,,pace4    ,buckle a four  
pound weight around the ancles of his   
hind legs1 7lead is  preferable7 ride   
your horse briskly with those weights   
upon his ancles1 at  the same time1     
twitching each rein of the bridle       
alternately1 by this  means you will    
immediately throw him into a pace4      
,after you have trained  him in this way
 to some extent1 change your leaded     
weights for something  lighter2 leather 
padding1 or something equal to it1 will 
answer the  purpose2 let him wear these 
light weights until he is perfectly     
trained4  ,this process will make a     
smooth and easy pacer of any horse4     
,,horsemanship4    ,the rider should1 in
 the first place1 let the horse know    
that he is not  afraid of him4 ,before  
mounting a horse1 take the rein into the
 left hand1  draw it tightly1 put the   
left foot in the stirrup1 and raise     
quickly4 ,when  you are seated press    
your knees to the saddle1 let your leg1 
from the  knee1 stand out2 turn your toe

 in and heel out2 sit upright in your   
saddle1 throw your weight forward--one  
third of it in the stirrups--and  hold  
your rein tight4 ,should your horse     
scare1 you are braced in your  saddle   
and he cannot throw you4                
,,indication ,,of ,a ,,horse',s         
,,disposition4    ,a long1 thin neck    
indicates a good disposition1           
contrariwise1 if it be  short and thick4
 ,a broad forehead1 high between the    
ears1 indicates a very  vicious         
disposition4      ,,cures1 ,c4    ,cure 
for the ,founder4--,let #a-a_/b gallons 
of blood from the neck vein1  make      
frequent applications of hot water to   
his forelegs2 after which1  bathe them  
in wet cloths1 then give one quart      
,linseed ,oil4 ,the horse will  be ready
 for service the next day4              
,botts4--,mix one pint honey with one   
quart sweet milk1 give as a drench1  one
 hour after1 dissolve #a oz4 pulverized 
,coperas in a pint of water1 use        
likewise1 then give one quart of        

,linseed ,oil4 ,cure effectual4         
,colic4--,after bleeding copiously in   
the mouth1 take a half pound of raw     
cotton1 wrap it around a coal of fire in
 such a way as to exclude the air2  when
 it begins to smoke1 hold it under the  
horse's nose until he becomes  easy4    
,cure certain in ten minutes4           
,distemper4--,take #a-a_/b gallons blood
 from the neck vein1 then give a  dose  
of ,sassafras ,oil1 #a-a_/b ounces is   
sufficient4 ,cure speedy and  certain4  
,fistula4--,when it makes its           
appearance1 rowel both sides of the     
shoulder2 if it should break1 take one  
ounce of verdigris1 #a ounce oil  rosin1
 #a ounce copperas1 pulverize and mix   
together4 ,use it as a salve4           
,,receipt ,,for ,,bone ,,spavin ,,or    
,,ring-,,bone4    ,take a table-spoonful
 of corrosive sublimate2 quicksilver    
about the size  of a bean2 #c or #d     
drops of muriatic acid2 iodine about the
 size of a pea1  and lard enough to form
 a paste2 grind the iodine and sublimate

 fine as  flour1 and put altogether in a
 cup1 mix well1 then shear the hair all 
off  the size you want2 wash clean with 
soap-suds1 rub dry1 then apply the      
medicine4 ,let it stay on five days2 if 
it does not take effect1 take it  off1  
mix it over with a little more lard1 and
 add some fresh medicine4  ,when the    
lump comes out1 wash it clean in        
soap-suds1 then apply a poultice  of cow
 dung1 leave it on twelve hours1 then   
apply healing medicine4                 
,,temperance ,,beverage4    ,one quart  
of water1 three pounds of sugar1 one    
teaspoonful of lemon oil1  one          
table-spoonful of flour1 with the white 
of four eggs1 well beat up4  ,mix the   
above well together1 then divide the    
syrup1 and add four ounces of  carbonic 
soda in one-half1 and three ounces of   
tartaric acid in the other  half2 then  
bottle for use4      ,,sarsaparilla     
,,syrup4    ,one ounce ,sarsaparilla1   
two pounds brown sugar1 ten drops       
wintergreen1 and  half pint of water4   

,,the ,,most ,,wonderful ,,book ,,ever  
,,written4    ,,esoteric ,,anthropology 
,,interior ,,science ,,of ,,man4    ,a  
,comprehensive and ,confidential        
,treaties on the ,structure and         
,functions1  ,passional attractions and 
,perversions2 ,true and ,false ,physical
 and ,social  ,conditions1 and the most 
intimate relations of men and women4 ,by
 ,t4,l4  ,nichols1 ,m4,d4 #dhb pages1   
#ha engravings1 cloth4    ,,this ,,book 
,,is ,,all ,,that ,,its ,,title         
,,indicates4--,it treats of the         
generation1 formation1 birth1 infancy   
youth1 manhood1 old age1 and death  of  
man2 of health and disease1 marriage and
 celibacy1 virtue and vice1  happiness  
and misery2 of education1 development   
and the laws of a true  life4 ,it is    
intended to answer all questions1 and to
 give the fullest and  most reliable    
information on every subject of a       
physiological or medical  nature--to be 
a faithful friend in health and disease1
 and in all the  conditions of life1    

especially to the young of both sexes1  
and those who  are about to enter upon  
new relations4    ,it contains the      
highest and deepest truths in ,human    
,physiology1 with their  individual and 
social application2 the true nature and 
hidden causes of  disease2 the condition
 of health1 physical and passional2 all 
that  information which every human     
being needs1 which few dare to ask for1 
or  know how to obtain1 but which1 amid 
the discordances of civilization1 is  of
 priceless value4    ,the portion of the
 work on the generative system1 is      
written with entire  frankness and fully
 illustrated1 and is unquestionably the 
most remarkable  exposition of the      
physical1 spiritual1 and passional      
nature of man ever  written--so         
remarkable indeed1 that it has seemed to
 many persons to be  the result of      
direct inspiration4 ,the whole subject  
of the relations of  the sexes1 or love1
 marriage1 and paternity1 is laid open1 
as it never has  been by any other      

author4 ,a miscellaneous chapter1       
forming an appendix to  this portion of 
the work1 is also of a very remarkable  
character4 ,it has  been truly said1    
,there can scarcely be any important    
question1 which any  man or woman can   
ever need to ask a physician1 to which  
this book does not  contain an answer4  
,the diseases of the generative system1 
physical and  passional1 are treated of 
with great fitness4    ,hundreds of     
voluntary testimonials to the           
extraordinary character and  merits of  
this book have been received from       
persons eminently qualified to  judge1  
among which are clergymen1 physicians1  
lawyers1 college professors1  etc4 ,we  
select the following3         ,i look   
upon it1 says ,dr4 ,,stephens1 of       
,forest ,city1 ,n4,y41 as the       most
 wonderful book ever written4 ,it marks 
a new era in literature       and life4 
,what a pity1 says ,dr4 ,,schell1 of    
,ind41 that a copy cannot be       found
 in every family in the whole world6    

,this book1 says ,dr4 ,,dodge1 of       
,owego1 ,n4,y41 contains more that is   
weighty in fact1 and sound in           
philosophy2 more that is useful in      
medical science and effective in medical
 art2 more that is       purificative   
and elevative of man than any one work1 
in volumes few       or many that has   
ever grace the ,librarie ,medicale of   
civilization4         ,it contains1 says
 ,dr4 ,,baker1 of ,racine1 ,wis4 just   
such knowledge       as a suffering     
world needs1 to enlighten1 develop1 and 
ennoble the       minds of the people4  
,dr4 ,,farrar1 of ,portland1 ,me41 says1
 ,esoteric ,anthropology is vital       
in every part1 refreshing every man's   
and woman's soul that reads       it    
with a most grateful sense of its truth 
and importance4 ,i know       of no work
 in the world like it1 or comparable    
with it4         ,i have read           
',,esoteric ,,anthropology' with all the
 deep earnestness       and absorbing   
interest with which ,i have ever perused

 the most       brilliant romance4 ,it  
has inspired nobler emotions1 and deeper
       pleasure4 ',truth' is more       
attractive than 'fiction4' ,the work1 ,i
       believe to be eminently true to  
nature--to her unerring laws2 ,i        
hesitate not1 therefore1 to pronounce it
 a noble work4 ,it will be       a great
 blessing to humanity4--,,prof4 ,,allen1
 of ,antioch ,college4      ,the        
enthusiastic letters respecting it1     
received1 would fill a volume1  larger  
than book itself4 ,sacrificing every    
personal consideration1 and  changing   
his first intention1 which was to keep  
it as strictly private and  professional
 work1 a physiological mystery1 as its  
title indicates--the  author offers     
,,esoteric ,,anthropology to the whole  
public of  readers2 satisfied that no   
permanent evil can result to any human  
being1  from the knowledge of the       
deepest truths1 and most sacred         
mysteries of the  science of life4      
,,mark ,,this4--,nearly every other work

 on this subject directs the reader  to 
apply to its author for a prescription  
in case of sickness1 accompanied  by a  
fee2 while this1 although its author is 
a practising physician1  contains not a 
line of this kind2 its whole tendency   
being to place every  reader1 whether   
male or female1 entirely above the need 
of a physician4           99       99   
99       99       99    ,,sent ,,free   
,,by ,,mail ,,for ,,one ,,dollar4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,watkin  ,,nicholson1 ,,publishers     
,,no4 #bbe ,,fifth ,,street1            
,,cincinnati1 ,o4    ,the attention of  
,lecturers and ,book ,agents is         
especially called to this  work as being
 likely to give more satisfaction to the
 thoughtful and  inquiring reader than  
almost and other they could introduce4